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Accomplishment and Impact
|University of Kufa
|Reference: Mahdi, Mohammed Chessab, "Orbit Design and Simulation for Kufasat Nanosatellite", Artificial Satellites. Volume 50, Issue 4, Pages 157–168, ISSN (Online) 2083-6104,DOI: 10.1515/arsa-2015-0013, December 2015
|University of Arizona
Reference: Kidd, John N., Jr., "Development and optimization of low energy orbits for advancing exploration of the solar system," Masters Thesis, http://gradworks.umi.com/15/90/1590327.html.
University of Minnesota
Accomplishments: GMAT is used to help design low altitude polar lunar frozen orbits
(Semrud, D., "Low Altitude Polar Lunar Frozen Orbits," Intern presentation, http://www.aem.umn.edu/info/spotlight/interns07/Semrud_final.pdf)
Impact: Lunar frozen orbits are an orbit type that can yield the longest lifetime and still maintain a safe altitude above the lunar mountains.
DCM Research Resources LLC
Accomplishments: Results of a space situational awareness study were demonstrated using GMAT.
(Chen, G., et. al., "Awareness-Based Game-Theoretic Space Resource Management,"Sensors and Systems for Space Applications III, edited by Joseph L. Cox, Pejmun Motaghedi, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 7330, 73300P)
Impact: GMAT used as part of a simulation platform for a space situational awareness study.
DCM Research Resources LLC,
University of New Orleans
Accomplishments: GMAT is used to test algorithms used to aid automatic decision making and to improve the effectiveness and robustness of space surveillance. GMAT was used in a user interface capability as the system controller as well as the visualization tool in this simulation study.
(Chen, G., et. al., "Multi-agent modeling and analysis for space situation awareness," SPIE, 2009)
Impact: GMAT was used to help improve the nation's space situational awareness capability.
University of California
Accomplishments: GMAT is one of the mission design and navigation tools used for the THEMIS mission. "THEMIS – a five-spacecraft constellation – is a NASA Medium Explorer mission that was launched in 2007 and maneuvered into synchronized, highly elliptical Earth orbits to study magnetospheric physics leading to the appearance of the aurora borealis."
(Bester, M., et. al., "Operations Planning and Mission Readiness Testing for the THEMIS Spacecraft Constellation," IEEEAC paper #1408, IEEE, 2010)
Impact: GMAT is one of the tools used to help a university operate a five-spacecraft constellation.
University of New Orleans
Accomplishments: Nonlinear filtering techniques developed for tracking a space object with possibly delayed measurements were demonstrated using GMAT.
(Chen, H., et. al., "Space Object Tracking with Delayed Measurements," Space Missions and Technologies, edited by Joseph Lee Cox, Manfred G. Bester, Wolfgang Fink, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 7691, 76910J)
Impact: GMAT used as part of a simulation platform to analyze a space object tracking method.
University of Colorado
Accomplishments: GMAT was used to help demonstrate the validity of a science targeting scheme for a proposed flagship mission. A star target selection scheme for the proposed New Worlds Observer mission, a libration point orbit mission whose goal is to image planets within the habitable zones of stars beyond our solar system, was developed.
(Cheetham, B., et. al., "INVESTIGATION OF TARGET SELECTION SCHEMES FOR A SPACE TELESCOPE-OCCULTER SYSTEM IN THE SUN-EARTH L2 REGIME," AAS 10-165, Advances in the Astronautical Sciences Volume 136, 2010)
Impact: GMAT used to validate a science targeting scheme.
Independent consultant,
Accomplishments: A pursuit-evasion orbital game approach for satellite interception and collision avoidance is simulated using GMAT.
(Shen, D., et. al., "Pursuit-Evasion Orbital Game for Satellite Interception and Collision Avoidance," Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IV, edited by Khanh D. Pham, Henry Zmuda, Joseph Lee Cox, Greg J. Meyer, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 8044, 80440B)
Impact: GMAT used as part of a simulation platform to analyze a satellite interception and collision avoidance study.
Iowa State University
Accomplishments: GMAT was used as part of an asteroid impact study. High-energy nuclear disruption/fragmentation is an option for mitigating the most probable impact threat of near-Earth objects (NEOs) with a short warning time. GMAT is one of three tools used to precisely calculate the trajectory of many fragmented bodies in order to calculate collision probabilities.
(Pitz, A., et. al., "EARTH-IMPACT PROBABILITY COMPUTATION OF DISRUPTED ASTEROID FRAGMENTS USING GMAT/STK/CODES," AAS 11-408)
Impact: This research will be used to help produce a "robust software system for assessing the consequence of a high-energy nuclear disruption mission for mitigating the impact threat of hazardous NEOs."
Independent Consultant,
Accomplishments: GMAT is used to build a simulator to test a trust-based sensor allocation algorithm.
(Shen, D., et. al., "A Trust-based Sensor Allocation Algorithm in Cooperative Space Search Problems," Sensors and Systems for Space Applications IV, edited by Khanh D. Pham, Henry Zmuda, Joseph Lee Cox, Greg J. Meyer, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 8044, 80440C, 2011)
Impact: GMAT used to help test an algorithm used to solve the space search problem.
Texas A&M University
Accomplishments: A MMS formation optimization method, in the presence of formation initialization errors, was verified using GMAT.
(Roscoe, C., W., T., et. al., "Optimal Formation Design for Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission Using Differential Orbital Elements," Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 34, No. 4, July–August 2011, pp. 1070-1080.)
Impact: The MMS project has access to additional validated formation optimization methods.
Beihang University, Beijing, China
Accomplishments: A spacecraft attitude and orbit simulation platform using matlab/simulink, and imported C/Fortran code is developed and its sample use for a Chinese weather satellite is described. GMAT is used to test the orbit propagations for this new simulator platform.
(Hongzheng, C., et. al., "High Precision and Convenient Extension Simulation Platform for Satellite Attitude and Orbit System," Fourth International Conference on Machine Vision (ICMV 2011): Machine Vision, Image Processing, and Pattern Analysis, edited by Zhu Zeng, Yuting Li, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 8349, 83491O, 2012.)
Impact: GMAT helped verify the design of a new simulation platform.
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)
Accomplishments: EUMETSAT used GMAT to perform a mission design study for their proposed next generation of polar weather satellites. EUMETSAT currently operates a fleet of weather satellites in both polar and geostationary orbits. A further description of the EUMETSAT mission is given on their website (http://www.eumetsat.int/):
We operate a system of meteorological satellites that observe the atmosphere and ocean and land surfaces – 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. This data is supplied to the National Meteorological Services of the organisation's Member and Cooperating States in Europe, as well as other users worldwide.
The service provided by EUMETSAT helps to enhance and safeguard the daily lives of European citizens. They aid meteorologists in identifying and monitoring the development of potentially dangerous weather situations and in issuing timely forecasts and warnings to emergency services and local authorities, helping to mitigate the effects of severe weather and protecting human life and property.
This information is also critical to the safety of air travel, shipping and road traffic, and to the daily business of farming, construction and many other industries.
EUMETSAT used GMAT, coupled with some matlab tools they developed, to perform a Timeliness study for their proposed new fleet of polar satellites, the EUMETSAT Polar System Second Generation (EPS-SG), to be deployed in the 2021 time frame. Timeliness is defined as the time between when an observation is made and when the end data product is available to the user.
Impact: GMAT helped a major international intergovernmental organization perform a mission design study for their next generation of polar weather satellites.
Texas A&M University
Accomplishments: An analytical method, analyzing the effect of third-body perturbations on satellite formations, is applied to the MMS mission. GMAT is used to simulate the results.
(Koblick, D., et. al., "THIRD-BODY PERTURBATION EFFECTS ON SATELLITE FORMATIONS," AAS 12-631, Jer-Nan Juang Astrodynamics Symposium, College Station, Texas, June 24 - 26, 2012.)
Impact: An analytical orbit perturbation method, applied to MMS, is verified using GMAT.
Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne
Accomplishments: GMAT was one of four tools used to perform a detailed solar electric propulsion study which analyzed various propellant options for three sample missions. GMAT was used for relatively high fidelity mission point designs and trajectory analysis verification as well as trajectory visualization.
(Kokan, Joyner II, C., "Mission Comparison of Hall Effect and Gridded Ion Thrusters Utilizing Various Propellant Options," AIAA 2012-5237, AIAA SPACE 2012 Conference & Exposition, 11 - 13 September 2012, Pasadena, California)
Impact: GMAT used to help verify some results of a solar electric propulsion study.
Purdue University
Accomplishments: Earth-Moon trajectories, developed using Adaptive Trajectory Design techniques, were verified and refined, using high fidelity force modeling, using GMAT.
(Haapala, A., et. al., "TRAJECTORY SELECTION STRATEGY FOR TOURS IN THE EARTH-MOON SYSTEM," AAS 13-782, xxx.)
Impact: GMAT used to verify and refine a Earth-moon trajectory.
University of Colorado
Accomplishments: An analytical method is used to find geosynchronous disposal orbits where the solar radiation pressure induced eccentricity perturbation is minimized. GMAT is used to evaluate the evolution of these supersynchronous disposal orbits using a higher fidelity force model.
(Jones, S., Negating the Yearly Eccentricity Magnitude Variation of Super-synchronous Disposal Orbits due to Solar Radiation Pressure," Masters thesis, University of Colorado, 2013 )
Impact: GMAT is used to evaluate new possible geosynchronous disposal orbits.
a.i. solutions
Accomplishments: Collision avoidance calculations involving space objects are very computationally intensive. This paper analyzes the use Graphical Processing Units (GPU) to greatly accelerate these calculations. GMAT was one of the tools used to test this new methodology.
(Brown, A., et. al., "Conceptual System Design of a Solar Electric Propulsion Stage for Earth-Moon Cargo Transfer Missions," AAS 13-902, ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES ASTRODYNAMICS 2013 (2014), Volume 150, AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, August 11–15, 2013.)
Impact: GMAT used to help test a method used to greatly increase the speed of collision avoidance calculations thus allowing these calculations to be performed with increased fidelity.
Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Accomplishments: This thesis develops a conceptual design for a Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) stage for Earth-Moon cargo transfer missions. GMAT is used extensively to verify trajectories obtained from the mission analysis program used in this study.
(Bos, R., et. al., "Conceptual System Design of a Solar Electric Propulsion Stage for Earth-Moon Cargo Transfer Missions," Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology, January 17, 2013.)
Impact: GMAT is used to verify SEP Earth-Moon transfer trajectories.
University of Colorado, Boulder
Accomplishments: GMAT was used to perform a sanity check on some of the propagations used in an orbital debris study in the geostationary orbit regime.
(Anderson, P., V., Schaub, H., "Local orbital debris flux study in the geostationary ring," Advances in Space Research 51, 2013, pp. 2195–2206.)
Impact: GMAT used to help verify orbital debris study.
Tartu Observatory, Estonia,
University of Applied Science Aachen, Germany,
NanoSpace AB, Sweden
Accomplishments: The design for a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology based miniaturized cold gas propulsion module for cubesat type missions is presented. GMAT is used to simulate a number of low earth orbit mission scenarios: natural deorbiting, orbit raising and lowering maneuvers, and station-keeping.
(Kvell, U., et. al., "Nanosatellite orbit control using MEMS cold gas thrusters," Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, 2014, 63, 2S, 279–285, 2014)
Impact: GMAT is used as a software simulation platform to test a new propulsion module design.
University of Stuttgart, Germany
Accomplishments: As part of an international student design competition organized by the Mars Society in collaboration with Dennis Tito's Inspiration Mars Initiative, the University of Stuttgart team designed a Mars flyby mission concept. The final trajectory obtained as part of this concept was verified using GMAT.
(Fries, D., et. al., Mission Design of a Two-Person Mars Flyby by 2018," 2014 Mars Society Convention, Houston, Texas, August 9, 2014.)
Impact: GMAT is used to verify the final Mars flyby trajectory (with a return to Earth) generated as part of an international student design competition.
University of California
Accomplishments: Goddard used GMAT to help design and optimize the ARTEMIS trajectories. As the operator of the two ARTEMIS probes, the University of California needed to exchange mission data with Goddard. ARTEMIS is an extension mission, using two of the five THEMIS spacecraft, that studied the lunar environment.
(Bester, M., et. al., "ARTEMIS Operations – Experiences and Lessons Learned," IEEE, 2014)
Impact: GMAT is used to design and optimize the ARTEMIS extension mission. As part of this effort, the University of California built a software interface to GMAT to improve the communication of mission design and navigation data between the university and NASA Goddard.
KinetX, Inc.,
Space Research Institute of Russian Academy of Science,
Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics ,
University of Arizona
Accomplishments: GMAT was used to verify some complex trajectories to Near-Earth Objects (NEOs). An example trajectory is a one-year return to a NEO that starts from an Earth-Moon L2 Halo orbit, uses three lunar swingbys and relatively small propulsive maneuvers to flyby an asteroid and then return to the Halo orbit.
(Dunham, D., et. al., "SOLAR SYSTEM HUMAN EXPLORATION AIDED BY LIBRATION-POINT ORBITS, LUNAR GRAVITY ASSISTS, AND 'PHASING ORBIT RENDEZVOUS'," 24th International Symposium on Space Flight Dynamics, 2014)
Impact: A complex Solar System Exploration trajectory is verified using GMAT.
Foresight Wireless,
University of North Carolina
Accomplishments: This paper analyzes a specific method of IP-based routing for military satellite ad hoc networks, called Dynamic Autonomous Routing Technology (DART). A simulation, where GMAT is used as the orbit propagator, is performed using the IRIDIUM constellation as an example.
(Wang, X., et. al., "Dynamic Autonomous Routing Technology for IP-based Satellite Ad Hoc Networks," Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VII, edited by Khanh D. Pham, Joseph L. Cox, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9085, 90850P, 2014)
Impact: With help from GMAT, a DART LEO/MEO Satellite Ad Hoc Network Simulator that can be used to analyze routing performance is built.
Technical University of Madrid,
University of Colorado
Accomplishments: GMAT was one of the tools used to help study a concept for extending the capture period of a sample "temporarily captured asteroid."
(Urrutxua, H., et. al., "WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO CAPTURE AN ASTEROID? A CASE STUDY ON CAPTURING ASTEROID 2006 RH120," AAS 14-276, 24th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting January 26 – 30, 2014, Santa Fe, NM)
Impact: This research helps further the goals of NASA's Asteroid Retrieval Initiative.
Scientific Systems Company,
University of Illinois,
Accomplishments: An intercept maneuver algorithm is simulated using GMAT. The algorithm developed used Liapunov methods to solve the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) intercept maneuver problem in terms of game-theoretic capture-evasion guaranteed strategies.
(Zatezalo, A., et. al., "Constrained orbital intercept-evasion," Sensors and Systems for Space Applications VII, edited by Khanh D. Pham, Joseph L. Cox, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9085, 90850E)
Impact: GMAT used as part of a simulation platform to analyze an intercept maneuver algorithm.
West Virginia University
Accomplishments: GMAT was the primary tool used to both design and optimize a complicated triple flyby capture at Jupiter. In their paper (Didion, A., Lynam, A., "Impulsive Trajectories from Earth to Callisto-Io-Ganymede Triple Flyby Capture at Jupiter," AIAA 2014-4106, AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, 4-7 August 2014, San Diego, CA.), the authors describe the methodology and why GMAT was chosen:
In order to generate high-fidelity orbit simulations and formulate optimal conditions for a triple-satellite-aided capture maneuver, the NASA General Mission Analysis Tool (hereafter referred to as GMAT) software is used. The GMAT software was chosen due to its adaptability to such esoteric mission profiles such as that described in this paper as well as its open source availability and computational flexibility and accuracy. While less widely used than other similar astrodynamical propagation software, it is easily reconfigured to fit mission specifics (such as addition of the Galilean moons), provides a simple GUI and script editing interface, and is capable of interfacing with MATLAB in order to use its optimization subroutines.
Impact: GMAT used to design a complicated interplanetary trajectory.
Millennium Space Systems, Inc.,
Raytheon/Photon Research Associates,
Schafer Corporation,
CENTRA Technology,
Accomplishments: An architecture to add ground based optical data to other data sources to improve Space Situational Awareness is developed. GMAT is used for orbit propagation of both the target satellites and the sensor platform as part of a simulation using this architecture.
(Koblick, D., et. al., GROUND OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING ARCHITECTURE FOR CONTRIBUTING SPACE-BASED SSA SENSOR DATA," http://www.amostech.com/TechnicalPapers/2014/Sensor_Processing/KOBLICK.pdf)
Impact: GMAT is used to help verify a GROUND OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING ARCHITECTURE (GOSPA).
Texas A&M University
Accomplishments: GMAT was used to verify a simplified procedure for propagating satellite relative motion for low-eccentricity orbits using Kaula's linear perturbation theory.
(Yan, H., et. al., "A Simplified Formulation of the Satellite Perturbed Relative Motion Problem," AIAA 2014-4133, AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, 4-7 August 2014, San Diego, CA.)
Impact: GMAT is used to verify some analytical results.
Accomplishments: GMV built a Mission Analysis development framework for EUMETSAT. GMAT is used as the orbit propagation engine
(Jiménez, F., et. al., "MULTI PURPOSE MISSION ANALYSIS DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK MUPUMA," retrieved from website, http://www.gmv.com/export/sites/gmv/DocumentosPDF/focusSuite/Mission_Analysis_MUPUMA.pdf)
Impact: GMAT is used as a major component of a new mission design tool.


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Now You Can Eat & Tweet While You Drive: The Self Driving BMW Is Coming To A Highway Near You!
Submitted by Adriano
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Welcome to the CRG Discussion Forum!Forum registration problems: Make sure you enter your email correctly and you check your spam box first. *Then* email KurtS2@gmail for help.Classified ads are not allowed on the forum.
M20 out of a 1969 Camaro. Case: 3925660 Tailshaft: 3857584 Sidecover: 6952648.No broken ears or other damage to the case, I was told it was out of a running car. If you are serious on it, I can take it to my trans rebuilder and see what he thinks about it internally.I have a couple shifters for an additional fee. A Mr Gasket for $50, or a Hurst competion plus for an additional $250. I have a 430 bellhousing for $80 as well.Dave 480-330-8858


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LiPS synchs with OMA on mobile Linux
Pucker move
The confusing world of standards for mobile versions of Linux became a little less confusing last week with a declaration of "alignment" between two key players.
The Linux Phone Standards (LiPS) Forum and the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) announced "a formal liaison and framework for cooperation" at the Open Source in Mobile (OSiM) conference in Madrid.
The move will mean that LiPS will align development of its standards specifications within OMA's. Future versions of the LiPS 1.0 specification will include application program interfaces (APIs) to develop middleware services based "principally" on the OMA specifications. Device management, data synchronisation, instant messaging and presence, MMS and browsing are among the areas covered.
It is not before time. ABI Research recently forecast that Linux would come to dominate the market for smart mobile devices with a 31 per cent share by 2012.
Rumors that Google's so-called G-phone, expected in spring 2008, will use Linux could also provide a boost to the platform.
But so far the fragmented nature of mobile Linux standards efforts and the confusing array of "forums" and other bodies involved in creating a workable standard has undoubtedly held Linux back. The result is a plethora of overlapping and sometimes contradictory standards, leaving the market to proprietary rival platforms such as Microsoft Windows and Symbian.
The Linux Foundation - created in January 2007 from the merger of the Open Software Development Labs (ODSL) and the Free Software Foundation - acts as a sort of clearing house for the standards effort with its Mobile Linux Initiative (MLI).
In addition to the LiPS Forum, this brings together a long list of organisations such as CE Linux, Gnome Mobile, the LiMO Foundation, Ubuntu Mobile and Mobile and Internet Linux. ®
Sponsored: Becoming a Pragmatic Security Leader


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JustRunOut.Com needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 37 designs submitted by 18 freelance designers.
We are an interent based office supplies company looking for a new moden/profesional logo for our website and office stationery.
We are looking for a new logo that will be used for our letterheads and website so we will require the suitable formats for each purpose.
We would like our new logo to look cutting edge.
- We are very flexiable so go ahead and excite us !!!
- We have no preference to colours so can be vibrant or plain.
- Anything like our current logo.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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PATC training course "Fortran for Scientific Computing" @ HLRS
- begin
- 10.Mar.2014 08:30
- end
- 14.Mar.2014 15:30
- venue
- HLRS Stuttgart
This course is dedicated for scientists and students to learn (sequential) programming with Fortran of scientific applications. The course teaches newest Fortran standards. Hands-on sessions will allow users to immediately test and understand the language constructs. This workshop provides scientific training in Computational Science, and in addition, the scientific exchange of the participants among themselves.
This course is a PATC course (PRACE Advanced Training Centres).


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Imprint & Data Protection
Back to the overview
exhibition gallery
Press Release
Evelina Cajacob
Galerie m Bochum is showing "StoffTraum" ("ClothDream"), a 2015 video installation by Evelina Cajacob.
Stills from
Schlaufe 9
, 2015
from the series
In her video work, the Swiss artist makes working hands the centre of attention. Whether kneading bread, rolling wool into balls or folding tea towels, the focal point is always on the work women have performed for centuries. In her new installation the artist continues to address this theme.
The synchronised HD videos are projected onto light-coloured panels of fabric. The use of objects as a projection surface is characteristic of
video work. They always relate closely to the content of the footage. The installation begins with the immediately recognisable sound of unbleached cotton fabric being ripped apart. While the hands appearing on screen tear apart the seemingly endless lengths of cloth, the rest of the body and the background merge into a uniform black surface that contrasts with the white surface of the foreground. At times the protagonist rips the fabric apart at a fast and furious pace; at other times she pulls it apart slowly. Her hands keep disappearing from view so that only two abstract surfaces can be seen. An irregular rhythm ensues, with the relationship between light and dark constantly changing.
The only indication that the second film has begun is the soft hum of a female voice. The scene, once defined by the noise of fabric being destroyed, begins on a quieter note. This impression is intensified when it becomes clear that the woman is patiently sewing the cloth back together again, with slow, skilful movements. As the first film fades out and comes to an end, a peaceful mood of reconciliation takes hold.
The precise timing of the two back-to-back videos leads to a composition of visual and acoustic elements. Image and sound in both videos complement each other to form a unified whole. The disturbing sound of cloth ripping is underlined by the clear contrast of black and white, while the calming effect of a woman humming is reflected in the image of the sewing hands on white cloth. The two videos simultaneously have a contrasting yet interwoven effect on each other.
This installation addresses the theme of destruction and restoration. What motivates the two actions is something Cajacob leaves open. The ripping apart of the fabric seems absurd and futile in the immediate context of it being sewn back together again. Yet the act is not performed impulsively, but in a conscious and concentrated manner. It ultimately remains unclear whether the act is based on a rebellious mood or an intention to use the cloth in a different context. Possible interpretations of the cloth being sewn together thus range from an act of reconciliation to the creation of something new.


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Meet the Minister!
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When Hulk Hogan hoisted the seven-foot-four, five-hundred-pound Andre the Giant into the air and over his head, the crowd fell briefly silent, as if not quite able to believe what was happening. As the Giant crashed to the canvas with a great THUD!, a roar went up from the crowd. It was pandemonium!
Goosebump-raising moments like this one at 1987's WrestleMania III in Pontiac, Michigan, are what sports-entertainment is all about. Now fans can relive sixteen years of these electrifying events through vibrant color photographs, previously untold insider anecdotes, and an exclusive DVD of WrestleMania 's greatest moments.
In WrestleMania: The Official Insider's Story, Basil V. DeVito Jr. -- a man with intimate knowledge of the past sixteen years of WrestleMania -- takes fans on a journey into the squared circle and into the private worlds behind the curtain and behind the boardroom doors.
Fans will be treated to:
Whether you're a new fan or an old mark, you don't know sports-entertainment unless you know about the sixteen-year history of its crowning jewel, WrestleMania !


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Energy Efficiency Interest Rate Reduction Program
You are here
For new and existing home purchases that are rated 6 Star or 5 Star Plus, applicants are eligible for an interest rate reduction for the first $200,000 of the loan amount, with a blended interest rate applying to the remainder of the loan amount. The rate reductions are dependent on a property's access to natural gas and the energy rating of the home. Homes without access to natural gas receive a greater interest rate reduction than homes with access to natural gas.
For existing homes making energy improvements, a rate reduction is available for applicants, based on the number of steps of improvement to the energy rating of the property. An applicant should have the lender contact AHFC to inform them that the borrower intends to participate in the rate reduction program. After loan closing, energy improvements should be completed within one year. After an energy rating has been completed, AHFC will modify the interest rate accordingly. The program is available through AHFC-approved lenders.
Homeowners may also apply independently for the Home Energy Rebate program if applying for interest rate reductions.


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Hello everybody!
I have been having some trouble with commercial comments coming in… and chinese comments etc… I have no idea why this is… Let me just say it frustrates me!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Will try to get rid of them…. so that this blog can be what it used to be once!
See you later!


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Cart is empty
A box for changing a playing card, business card, paper slips, envelopes, or currency notes etc. This model resembles an antique inlaid wooden box, made in exotic hard wood, and apparently designed just to hold your "precious deck of cards" complete in its original case. It is a prop that will get immediate attention, yet seems like no more than an antique inlaid box.
Collector quality prop


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Ellen Luckett Baker is author of The Long Thread, where she writes about her adventures with sewing, crafting, and kids. Her book 1, 2, 3 Sew was recently published by Chronicle Books and her debut fabric collection for Moda, Quilt Blocks, will be available by the end of this month. Ellen lives in Atlanta with her husband, two daughters, and a growing number of pets.
This skirt features my new Quilt Blocks collection with festive bunting triangles to celebrate the warmer weather! With a simple elastic waist and quick patchwork hem with a lined band, this skirt comes together in a snap. This skirt fits a size 6, but is easily adjustable by adding or subtracting an inch or two of length. I have two daughters, ages seven and nine, who wear simple handmade skirts like this almost every day. As I was making this skirt, I realized how easily this pattern could be adjusted to make a pillowcase, or curtains for a child's room. Or this design made into a quilt with rows of banners would be perfect for a new baby.


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Events in Florence
Discover events in Florence when you're here!
Ci sono 7 eventi a Firenze dal 2018 April 17 al 2018 April 27
Florence event | Serie A: 38 matches for the Fiorentina team!
When: 20 August 2017 - 20 May 2018Where: Stadio Franchi
38 matches in the 2017/2018 Serie A Championship, 38 battles for the Fiorentina Football Team..are you ready to fight with us?
Florence event | Odeon Original Sound Cinema
When: 1 September 2017 - 1 September 2018Where: Odeon Cinema
A wonderful cinema "Stile Liberty" in the center of Florence. A great program of original sound movies.
Florence event | Teatro Verdi - the full 2017/2018 program
When: 14 September 2017 - 17 May 2018Where: Teatro Verdi
In the heart of Florence a wonderful theater with a great selection of shows, musical, ballet from the 14th of Sep 2017 until the 17th of May 2018!
Florence event | Simphonic Season Opera Florence
When: 3 October 2017 - 30 June 2018Where: OF Opera di Firenze
The whole program of the Simphonic Season at the magnificent Opera house of Florence!»» read article
Florence event | Lyric Season at Opera Florence
When: 17 October 2017 - 19 April 2018Where: OF Opera di Firenze
The whole program of the Lyric Season of the Opera House of Florence. Unmissable.»» read article
Florence event | The birth of a Nation
When: 16 March 2018 - 15 July 2018Where: Palazzo Strozzi
A mesmerising journey through art, politics and society in the shape of work by such artists as Renato Guttuso, Lucio Fontana, Alberto Burri, Mario Schifano, Mario Merz and Michelangelo Pistoletto explores and reflects on the clashes, the changes »» read article
Florence event | Firenze Gelato Festival
When: 20 April 2018 - 22 April 2018Where: Piazzale Michelangelo
Now in its 9th edition, the Gelato Festival is the most important event dedicated to the world of Italian gelato. A European competition that recognises the best Italian and foreign gelato artisans and the flavours they create for the tour.»» read article


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Names: Lappa, Beggar's Buttons.
Habitat: Grows in hedges and ditches in Europe, parts of Asia, N.America; cultivated in Japan.
Collection: The roots and rhizome should be unearthed in September or October.
Part Used: Roots and rhizome.
Indications: Burdock is a most valuable remedy for the treatment of skin conditions which result in dry and scaly skin. It may be most effective for psoriasis if used over a long period of time. It will be useful as part of a wider treatment for rheumatic complaints, especially where they are associated with psoriasis. Part of the action of this herb is through the bitter stimulation of the digestive juices and
especially of bile secretion. Thus it will aid digestion and appetite. It has been used in anorexia nervosa and similar conditions, also to aid kidney function andto heal cystitis. In general, Burdock will move the body to a state of integration and health, removing such indicators of systemic imbalance as skin problems and dandruff. Externally, it may be used as a compress or poultice to speed up the healing of wounds
and ulcers.Eczema and psoriasis may also be treated this way externally, but it must be remembered that such skin problems can only be healed from within and with the aid of internal remedies.
Priest & Priest tell us that it is a "general alterative: influences skin, kidneys, mucous and serous membranes, to remove accumulated waste products. It is specific for eruptions on the head, face and neck,
and for acute irritable and inflammatory conditions." They give the following specific indications: Eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis.Boils, carbuncles, styes, sores. Rheumatism, gout and sciatica. Ellingwood recommends it for the following patholgies: aphthous ulcerations; irritable coughs; psoriasisand chronic cutaneous eruptions; chronic
glandular enlargements, syphilitic, scrofulous and gouty conditions.
Combinations: For skin problems, combine with Yellow Dock, Red Cloveror Cleavers.
Preparations & Dosage: Decoction: put l teaspoonful of the root into a cup of water, bring to boil and simmer for l0-l5 minutes. This should be drunk three times a day.
Tincture: take 2-4 ml of the tincture three times a day.
Citations from the Medline database for the genus Arctium
Dombradi CA Foldeak S
Screening report on the antitumor activity of purified Arctium Lappaextracts.
Tumori (1966 May-Jun) 52(3):173-5
Morita K Kada T Namiki M
A desmutagenic factor isolated from burdock (Arctium lappa Linne).
Mutat Res (1984 Oct) 129(1):25-31
Dombradi CA Foldeak S
Screening report on the antitumor activity of purified Arctium Lappaextracts.
Tumori (1966 May-Jun) 52(3):173-5
Morita K Kada T Namiki M
A desmutagenic factor isolated from burdock (Arctium lappa Linne).
Mutat Res (1984 Oct) 129(1):25-31


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|Natural Locs Hairstyle Acure Organics Review
This is a thank you gift from Ramblen for my participation in their online magazine as a contributor.
This is my first experience with ACURE ORGANICS and I must say that I am very impressed with the products. I have so much hair on my head probably enough for three or four people so it is difficult to find products that cover my hair in one application. The ACURE ORGANICS TROPICAL CITRUS ARGAN OIL CASTILE SOAP did a great job sudsing and lathering to clean my locs. I thought that I might need three shampoos but two lathers with the yummy fruity essential oils was sufficient. After shampooing and rinsing my locs, I applied the ACURE ARGAN OIL 100% CERTIFIED ORGANIC MOROCCAN for deep conditioning. It is very thick and I probably used too much of it. As I stated before I did not think that it would cover all of my hair. I probably used about 1/4 of the bottle of serum which too much. It is a very heavy oil that penetrates deeply into the hair follicles. The final product I used on my locs was the ACURE LEAVE-IN CONDITIONER ARGRAN OIL + ARGRAN STEM CELL. I did not need to use as much of this product as I anticipated, it covered my thick hair very well. I was very pleased with the results of these ACURE ORGANICS on my long thick locs and look forward to the next beauty treatment. Thank you Ramblen for the gift box of ACURE ORGANICS.
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The Chickamauga Campaign
Summary of the Principal Events
Aug. 16-17, 1863 General advance of the Army of the Cumberland
Aug. 17, 1863 Skirmish at Calfkiller Creek, Near Sparta, Tenn.
Aug. 21, 1863 Skirmish at Maysville, Ala.
Action at Shellmound, Tenn.
Bombardment of Chattanooga, Tenn
Aug. 22-24, 1863 Expedition from Tracy City, Tenn., to the Tennessee River.
Aug. 24, 1863 Skirmish at Gunter's Landing Landing, near Port Deposit, Ala.
Aug. 26-27, 1863 Skirmishes at Harrison's Landing, Tenn.
Aug. 27-28, 1863 Skirmish at the Narrows, near Shellmound, Tenn.
Aug. 28-31, 1863 Reconnaissance from Stevenson, Ala., to Trenton Georgia.
Aug. 29, 1863 Skirmish at Caperton's Ferry, Ala.
Aug. 30-31, 1863 Reconnaissance from Shellmound toward Chattanooga, Tenn.
Aug. 31, 1863 Skirmish in Will's Valley, Ala.
Sept.1, 1863 Skirmishes at Will's Creek and at Davis' Tap's, and Neal's Gaps, Ala.
Sept. 3, 1863 Skirmish near Alpine, Ga.
Sept. 5, 1863 Reconnaissance from Winston's Gap into Broomtown Valley, Ala.
Skirmish at Lebanon, Ala.
Skirmish near Alpine, Ga.
Destruction of salt-works at Rawlingsville, Ala.
Sept. 6, 1863 Skirmish at Stevens' Gap, Ga.
Sept. 6-7, 1863 Skirmishs at Summerville, Ga.
Sept. 7, 1863 Skirmish at Stevenson, Ala.
Reconnaissance toward Chattanooga and skirmish in Lookout Valley, Tenn.
Sept 8, 1863 Skirmish at Winston's Gap, Ala.
Skirmish at Alpine, Ga.
Sept. 9, 1863 Chatttanooga, Tenn., occupied by the Union forces.
Skirmish at friar's Island, Tenn.
Skirmish at Lookout Mountain, Ga.
Sept. 10, 1863 Reconnaissance from Alpine toward Rome, La Fayette, and Summerville, Ga., and skirmish at
Skirmishes at Pea Vine Creek and near Graysville, Ga.
Sept. 11, 1863 Reconnaissance toward Rome, Ga.
Skirmish near Blue Bird Gap, Ga.
Skirmish at Davis' Cross-Roads (or Davis' House), Near Dug Gap, Ga.
Skirmish near Rossville, Ga.
Skirmish near Ringgold, Ga.
Sept. 11-13, 1863 Skirmishes near Lee and Gordon's Mills, Ga.
Sept. 12, 1863 Skirmish at Alpine, Ga.
Skirmish at Dirt Town, Ga.
Skirmish Near Leet's Tan-yard, or Rock Spring,Ga.
Skirmish on the La Fayette road, near Chattooga River, Ga.
Sept. 13, 1863 Reconnaissance from Lee and Gordon's Mills toward La Fayette, Ga. and skirmish.
Reconnaissace from Henderson's Gap, Ala., to La Fayette, Ga., and skirmish.
Skirmish near Summerville, Ga.
Sept. 14, 1863 Skirmish near La Fayette, Ga.
Sept 15, 1863 Skirmish at Trion Factory, Ga.
Skirmish at Summerville, Ga.
Sept.15-18, 1863 Skirmishes at Catlett's Gap, Pigeon Mountain, Ga.
Sept.16-18, 1863 Skirmishes near Lee and Gordon's Mills, Ga.
Sept.17, 1863 Reconnaissance from Rossville and skirmish at Ringgold, Ga. Skirmish at Neal's Gap, Ala.
Skirmish at Owens' Ford, West Chickamauga Creek, Ga.
Sept. I8, 1863 Skirmishes at Pea Vine Ridge, Alexander's and Reed's Bridges, Dyer's Ford, Spring Creek, and
near Stevens' Gap, Ga.
Sept. 19-20, 1863 Battle of Chickamauga, Ga.
Sept. 21, 1863 Skirmishes at Rossville, Lookout Church, and Dry Valley, Ga.
Sept. 21-22, 1863 Army of the Cumberland retreats to Chattanooga, Tenn.
Sept 22, 1863 Skirmishes at Missionary Ridge and Shallow Ford Gap, near Chattanooga, Tenn.


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Q & A with Influential Former Men's National Team Coach Bob Gansler
CHICAGO (Oct. 1, 2012) – As the U.S. Men's National Team prepares to continue World Cup qualifying, U.S. Soccer caught up with former MNT head coach, Bob Gansler. Gansler was a professional player for many years before becoming one of the most respected U.S. coaches of all time.
Gansler served in various coaching positions with U.S. Soccer beginning in 1975. He took over as head coach for the Men's National Team in 1989. The following year, he made his most significant mark on the game when he led the team to its first appearance in the FIFA World Cup in 40 years.
As a result of his success as a coach, Gansler was inducted in to the U.S. Soccer Hall of Fame in 2011. Despite his official retirement, Gansler is still very involved with the sport and has a wealth of knowledge to offer fellow coaches.
ussoccer.com: How are you spending your time these days? Are you still coaching?
Bob Gansler: "I'm a lifer. I'm retired for the most part, but I still work with a local youth club. I do sessions for various age groups and work with the coaches. I also help out with Coaching Education. I work with the state in terms of D and E licenses and help out with the state-hosted C license. A couple of months ago I did a National "A" renewal course, which was a lot of fun. We had it out at The Home Depot Center and I thought that was an ideal setting. I am retired but that's what I do. I make my own schedule but soccer is something that I still enjoy. As long as I maintain my level of enthusiasm and passion and people think I have something to give, I will continue."
ussoccer.com: What was one of your most memorable moments as a coach?
BG: "Certainly a memorable one was the Under-20 World Cup in Saudi Arabia in 1989. It was a big tournament in which we finished fourth in the world. I regard that as a highlight. I would say there are certainly a few others though."
ussoccer.com: As you reflect on your career, what memory stands out from the 1990 World Cup?
BG: "The fact that America hadn't been there in such a long time and that we qualified. We earned it. It was a matter of looking at the present but also down the road. We coaches got together and decided to select players not only for 1990 but who would be there throughout the 90s. If you look at the players who were there in 1990 a lot were also there in 1994 and further on. I feel pretty good about what we got done there."
ussoccer.com: What is your style as a coach?
BG: "I always prided myself in being realistic and idealistic at the same time. You want to do as well as possible but you have to be conscientious of the wherewithal that you have been given. So to try to balance that realism and idealism is what the job is all about. You have to maximize what you have and what you are given. I feel that the Under-20 team in 1989 came as close as possible to maximizing - they pulled out everything within themselves and from each other and put on a great performance."
ussoccer.com: How was the transition from professional player to coach? Do you think it's important for coaches to have high-level playing experience?
BG: "I started coaching when I was in college. I was coaching for a long time while I was still playing. I felt coaching helped me be a better player and playing helped me be a better coach. But being a coach is more than just knowing the game. It's about people and being able to communicate and transfer your ideas in a clear fashion. Having been a pro player helps because you have experienced the way it can be and the way it should be. But there is more to coaching than having just played. That is why there are fantastic coaches who have played very little and fantastic players who might have been mediocre coaches. But it is extremely helpful to have played at a decent level when you are trying to coach at a decent level."
ussoccer.com: When you were a player, who were your influential coaches?
BG: "I feel every coach I ever had has had an influence on me. It's a matter of passing something on. We coaches beg, borrow and steal from the coaches we had along the way. I can't give you one individual that I feel influenced me so much that he is my role model. But once I became a coach, people I met along the way influenced me. Once I got to the A-League and MLS I probably used more of things that I begged, borrowed and stole from the other coaches than from those who had been my coaches when I was playing. Beg, borrow and steal from everyone whose path you cross."
ussoccer.com: How can coaching improve in the U.S. today?
BG: "We need to further educate ourselves, and that's not just us, that's every coach. The learning never stops. Just like a teacher – coaching is teaching in short pants. You never think you have finished learning. We have to continue to educate ourselves. We have to be aware of what is happening around the world and apply it to our situation. But it is not just about adopting what is happening in a country that is having great success - it's about looking at what they do well and adapting it to our needs."
ussoccer.com: What advice do you have for young coaches just starting out?
BG: "You do not become a better coach by simply going and acquiring licenses. Yes, it is important to get information but you then need to use the information. Sometimes it's trial and error. You become a better coach by doing it. But once you're doing it you can't say you have it all figured out. You have to keep learning. Continue to be passionate about this. Enthusiasm is ok, passion is preferred. Be passionate about what you do and you will continue to evolve. The education can never end. The passion can never wane. The doing can never stop."


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Faithful Gardening
When Methodist missionary J. Waskom Pickett published Christian Mass Movements in India in 1933, it would've been impossible to predict its impact on American evangelicalism. His observations about rates of conversion and church growth among Indian castes may have …Read More
Christology in Context
Nestled along the eastern shores of Lake Iznik in Turkey lies the ancient city of Nicea. As Camp David provides the president of the United States with a place of retreat from the bustle of Washington, D.C., and the …Read More
The Centrality of the Church
"For those to whom [God] is Father the church may also be Mother," John Calvin observed in his Institutes (4.1.1). A few paragraphs later, he teases out what this metaphor means. God uses the church to bring us …Read More
The Church: Your Story
Why is this happening to me? What is my purpose in this life? If God is so powerful, then why does He allow me to be treated this way by people who are opposed to Him? Will God ever give …Read More
The Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy
On February 28, 2013, Pope Benedict XVI abdicated the papacy. Six days later, Jorge Mario Bergoglio, a Jesuit priest and archbishop of Buenos Aires, was elected by the College of Cardinals and installed as Pope Francis I, bringing to a …Read More
Jesus and the Church
How many times does Jesus mention the church? I've asked that question in a number of forums (Reformed University Fellowship, Sunday school, Drug Court Bible Study, the pulpit, and so on), and have received answers ranging from thirty-six to …Read More
Does the Church Know Her Commission?
Have you ever wished you could have a do-over? Have you ever looked back on a situation in which you know that you really botched the job and you just wish you could have another crack at it? That is …Read More
The Turning Point
The turning point in Matthew's account of Christ's life and work occurs in chapter 16: "From that time forth began Jesus to shew unto his disciples, how that he must go unto Jerusalem, and suffer many things of the elders and …Read More


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This backless bar stool is the perfect accent for a counter or bar area. The simple design features a thick, contoured wooden seat for comfortability and long tapered wood legs.
The Bar Chairs 24" Claremont Bar Chair at Morris Home in the Dayton, Cincinnati, Columbus, Ohio, Northern Kentucky area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.
With quality construction, skilled artistry and a work ethic instilled by generations of Amish craftsmen, this bar chair collection has the customizable look and hand-crafted construction you are looking for. Not only can you choose from a variety of designs, but you can also customize the look by choosing wood species, finish colors and combinations, and seat cushions for a look that will truly match you and your home.
The Bar Chairs collection is a great option if you are looking for Transitional
Cottage furniture in the Dayton, Cincinnati, Columbus, Ohio, Northern Kentucky area.
Browse other items in the Bar Chairs collection from Morris Home in the Dayton, Cincinnati, Columbus, Ohio, Northern Kentucky area.
This item has been tagged as: Stool, Bar Stool, Bar Stool Set, Counter Height Stool, Counter Height Chair, Stool and Table Set, Counter Height Stool and Table Set, Entertainment Furniture, Bar Furniture, Dining Room Furniture, Causual Dining Room Furniture
Morris Home operates five stores in Ohio and one in Kentucky and prides themselves on being the areas best choice for living room furniture, dining room furniture, bedroom furniture, accent furniture, entertainment furniture, home office furniture, kids furniture, outdoor furniture, and mattresses. Morris' Centerville, OH furniture store, Dayton, OH furniture store, Springdale, OH furniture store, and Columbus, OH furniture store provide furniture shoppers from Cincinnati, Columbus, Sharonville, Kettering, Bevercreek, Huber Heights, and Hamilton, OH a top of the line shopping experience when looking for living room, dining room, bedroom, entertainment, accent, home office and kids furniture.
Errors on Our Site: Prices and availability of products and services are subject to change without notice. Errors will be corrected where discovered, and Morris Furniture Co., Inc reserves the right to revoke any stated offer and to correct any errors, inaccuracies or omissions including after an order has been submitted and whether or not the order has been confirmed. If you are not fully satisfied with your purchase, you may return it in accordance with our Return Policy.
We have taken great care to provide you with information that is accurate and useful. Please notify us if you find an error, and we will do our best to correct it. We endeavor to list complete and accurate web data as possible. However, due to the sheer quantity of information, complex computer integration, human error and the automated nature of the web, web content may sometimes be inadvertently erroneous. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause and ask that you contact us directly or visit our stores to confirm information about pricing, color, features, dimensions, availability and special order lead times.
Ensure Your Happiness: Please note that some website picture are for illustration purposes only and may vary from actual items available in our showroom. We recommend visiting our showroom prior to purchase to ensure that the fabric, color, and finish meet your expectations.
Nothing on this page may be copied or reproduced without explicit permission.


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March 25, 2006
Fullerton, Calif. - Brett Pill's one-out single that drove in two in the bottom of the fifth lifted No. 4 Cal State Fullerton to an eventual 7-4 non-conference baseball win over Long Beach State Saturday night at Goodwin Field.
Long Beach lost its sixth straight game and its fourth straight series and fell to two games below .500 at 12-14. Cal State Fullerton, winners of 10 of its last 11, improved to 19-7 to capture its sixth series victory of the year and its 100th all-time Div. I victory against the 49ers.
With the 49ers leading 4-3 in the bottom of the fifth, Evan McArthur reached base following an errant throw by 49er catcher Tito Cruz after a dropped third strike to lead off the frame. LBSU Head Coach Mike Weathers would argue, for what seemed an eternity, that McArthur was running inside the base path, and was eventually ejected by home plate umpire Dwayne Finley. The Titans would go on to score twice off losing pitcher Andrew Carpenter (3-2) on Pill's bases-loaded single to center to take the lead at 5-4.
Lauren Gagnier, despite battling through a four-run third inning, picked up his team-leading sixth win of the year, going seven complete innings, while striking out five. The 49er runs came on four consecutive hits with one out in the third. Three of the four went for extra bases, with the big blow a two-run home run to left center field by third baseman Evan Longoria. Gagnier would end up retiring seven of the last eight hitters he would face before Ryan Paul and Vinnie Pestano closed it out.
Paul struck out all three hitters he faced in the eighth while Pestano fanned two in a scoreless ninth to pick up his ninth save of the year.
Fullerton jumped out early, scoring after the first two batters of the game with leadoff man Justin Turner tripling and shortstop Blake Davis promptly singling him home. Davis extended his hitting streak to a team-high 17 games with the line drive to center.
The Titans tacked on a pair of runs in the second with just one hit as Carpenter surrendered a single to John Curtis, walked Jared Clark and hit Brandon Tripp to load the bases for McArthur. The Titan third baseman grounded to short forcing in Curtis followed by a squeeze bunt by Clark Hardman to put the Titans up 3-0 after two. Hardman would later drive in the Titans' final run on a squeeze that ended up going for a base hit, driving in Tripp in the bottom of the eighth.
Turner, Davis, Pill and Tripp all collected a pair of hits, while Pill McArthur and Hardman all drove in two.
Long Beach's Shane Peterson led the 49ers with two hits, while Longoria's blast provided him with a team-high two RBI.
Fullerton will look for its third consecutive series sweep Sunday with a 1 p.m. game at Goodwin Field. Dustin Miller will be on the mound looking for his sixth win.


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The little town of Kaimkillenbun, has the longest single place name in Queensland and is known to the locals simply as 'The Bun'. Kaimkillenbun's closest major town is Dalby (24 kilometres to the south west) and it is a great place to stop in when driving to the Bunya Mountains. This enthusiastic township has won the community action award in the Tidy Towns Competition and is a regular finalist and category winner.
Kaimkillenbun was the setting for the movie 'Chase Through the Night' which starred Nicole Kidman. It is also the birthplace of Olympic basketballer John Dorge.
Accommodation and country meals are available at the historic 'Bun Pub', and there is also a caravan park for your accommodation needs. The locals will be more than happy to share a yarn with you and help you discover the history of the town.
Note: Information on listed products and services are provided by the operator and were correct at the time of publishing. Rates are indicative based on the minimum and maximum available prices of products and services. Please visit the operator's website for further information. All prices quoted are in Australian dollars (AUD).


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The first section will be about the whys and wherefores of lighting. The second and third sections will focus on using the basic lighting API in a game. The last section will delve into an application that will make use of the concepts and API introduced in the first two sections. That is the outline for this discussion.
Lighting in OpenGL: The Whys and Wherefores
Similar to all other aspects of a game, lighting has a close relationship with the mechanics of illumination in real world. Hence, the first step in understanding how lighting works in OpenGL, and in any given game, is to know how lighting works in real life. One has to know the types of lighting or illumination one encounters in day-to-day life.
The lighting encountered in the real world can be broadly categorized into ambient light, diffuse light, and specular light. The categorization is based upon the direction of the source of light. Here are the details:
Ambient Light
When the direction of light cannot be determined, giving an illusion that the light is coming from all directions, such a light or illumination is known as ambient light or ambient illumination. The reason for the illusion is the scattering of the light by the environment. Examples of ambient light are sunlight, the overhead lighting of a room, and so forth.
The backlighting of a room also has a large component of ambient light. The reason for this is that the light is bounced off many surfaces before it reaches one's eyes, thus seemingly coming from all directions. One of the main aspects of ambient light is that when it comes in contact with any surface, it is scattered in all directions equally.
Diffuse Light
When the light comes from a particular direction, it provides diffuse illumination. Since it comes from one direction, if it hits a surface squarely, it is brighter; if it just touches the surface, the illumination will be less. However, once the light hits the surface, it is scattered equally in all directions. Due to this, a diffuse light appears bright from whichever angle it is seen.
Specular Light
When a light comes from a particular direction, strikes a surface and bounces off in a preferred direction, such a light or illumination is known as specular light or specular illumination. In other words, light reflecting off the surface of smooth material is specular. The shininess of an object can be related to the specularity. One thing to keep in mind about specular light is that its angle of incidence is the same as that of its angle of reflection.
Now that the types of lighting have been discussed, let us move onto the steps required to implement basic lighting in OpenGL.
{mospagebreak title=Implementing Lighting, Step by Step}
In order to use the lighting API in OpenGL, certain steps need to be followed. These steps change according to the requirements. The requirements can include material, colors etc. However, for this discussion, the focus is on simple lighting, so the steps we will discuss are rudimentary. One point to keep in mind, however, is that the rudimentary steps remain unchanged even if the requirements change. Without further delay, here are the required steps:
1. Enable lighting.
2. Define normal vectors for each vertex.
3. Create one or more light sources.
4. Choosing a lighting model.
Of these, the third and fourth steps have multiple sub-steps. Here are the details.
Enable lighting
OpenGL can be compared to a state machine. Using that analogy, lighting is also one of its states. Hence, lighting needs to be enabled. To enable lighting, the glEnable() function needs to be called with GL_LIGHTING as the parameter. Before performing any other operation regarding illumination, lighting should be enabled. In code the statement will be
Define normal vectors for each vertex
It is necessary to define and determine the orientation of light with respect to an object, normal to the vertices of the object. OpenGL does not do normal vector calculations automatically. The calculation of normal vectors will be covered in the future.
The calculated normal vectors need to be passed to OpenGL. To do so, any variation of glNormal function can be used. However, if no normal vectors are passed, then OpenGL takes (0, 0, 0, 0) as the normal vector.
Create one or more light sources
Creating one or more light sources can be sub-divided into the following two steps:
1. Defining a light source: In OpenGL one can define up to eight light sources. The names of these light sources are of the format GL_LIGHTn where n stands for numbers from 0 to 7. To define a light source, variants of glLight*() are used. Basically, it takes the light source number, the type of light and the values that will control the light (especially the color). The color is defined as RGBA i.e. Red, Green, Blue and the Alpha. For example, to define a light source with the source number as 0, the type as specular and the value as an array of floats, the statements will be
GLfloat specular[] = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f , 1.0f};
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, specular);
2. Enabling the light source: The next step is to enable the light source that has just been defined. To do so, one needs to use glEnable and pass the light source number as a parameter. By default, all of the light sources are disabled. Passing the light source number to glEnable(), enables the light source. For example, the following statement enables the light source that has 0 as its number:
{mospagebreak title=Lighting Model}
The final step is to choose a lighting model. The lighting model determines two things. First, it determines whether the user is viewing the scene from an infinite distance or locally. If the user is considered to be viewing from an infinite distance, the angle of light and that of the viewer is ignored. The result
will be unrealistic lighting. Secondly, the lighting model determines whether or not the front and back surface calculations for an object need to be done separately.
To choose a lighting model, the glLightModel*() method is used. This method, or command as it is known in OpenGL, is used to set the amount of global ambient light that will be cast on the objects on the scene.
One of the variants of glLightModel*() is glLightModelfv(). It takes a parameter telling OpenGL that global ambient light needs to be set, and the array defining the color of global ambient light. For example, to set the global ambient light with the color having values of 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f and 1.0f, the statements will be:
Glfloat global_ambient[] = {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f};
glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, global_ambient);
That completes the steps necessary for implementing basic lighting in an application or game. In the next section, basic lighting will be added to the existing framework.
{mospagebreak title=Lighting in the Real World}
The modifications to the framework will provide lighting to the framework. The changes need to be done in the following function:
CreateWindowGL – Here the code for initializing the lighting and defining the light source will be added.
Let us get started. The following is the existing code:
bool CreateWindowGL(int W, int H, int B, Uint32 F)
// This Code Creates Our OpenGL Window
SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_RED_SIZE, 5 );
// In order to use SDL_OPENGLBLIT we have to
SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_GREEN_SIZE, 5 );
// set GL attributes first
SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_BLUE_SIZE, 5 );
SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_DEPTH_SIZE, 16 );
SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1 );
// colors and double buffering
if(!(Screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(W, H, B, F)))
// SDL_SetVideoMode to create the window
return false; // if it fails, return false
SDL_FillRect(Screen, NULL, SDL_MapRGBA(Screen->format,0,0,0,0));
ReshapeGL(SCREEN_W, SCREEN_H);
// calling reshape as the window is created
return true; // return true (initialization successful)
In the above code, we will add the statements to initialize and define the lighting and light source.
bool CreateWindowGL(int W, int H, int B, Uint32 F)
// This Code Creates Our OpenGL Window
SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_RED_SIZE, 5 );
// In order to use SDL_OPENGLBLIT we have to
SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_GREEN_SIZE, 5 );
// set GL attributes first
SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_BLUE_SIZE, 5 );
SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_DEPTH_SIZE, 16 );
SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1 );// colors and double
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);//enable lighting
GLfloat specular[] = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f , 1.0f};
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, specular); //create a light source
glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); //enable the light source
Glfloat global_ambient[] = {0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f};
glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, global_ambient);//set the
//global lighting model
if(!(Screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(W, H, B, F)))
// SDL_SetVideoMode to create the window
return false; // if it fails, return false
SDL_FillRect(Screen, NULL, SDL_MapRGBA(Screen->format,0,0,0,0));
ReshapeGL(SCREEN_W, SCREEN_H);
// calling reshape as the window is created
return true; // return true (initialization successful)
That's it. That completes implementing code for adding basic lighting. However, this discussion has left some questions open. These questions include the effect of lighting on material, how the rotation of an object will affect the lighting, and so forth. These will be topic of discussion in the next part. Till then…


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Rhode Island independent Gov. Lincoln Chafee (CHAY'-fee) won't be hosting a tree lighting ceremony this season following last year's hubbub over what to call the Statehouse Christmas spruce.
Chafee's spokeswoman said Monday instead of a tree lighting event, student choral groups will participate in a series of Statehouse performances leading up to Christmas.
Last year, protesters crashed Chafee's tree lighting ceremony to criticize him for referring to the tree as a "holiday" tree. Chafee said the term was meant to honor the state's origin as a sanctuary of religious tolerance.
Critics claimed he was trying to secularize Christmas. They flooded his office with thousands of telephone calls of protest.
Chafee's spokeswoman says he made his position on the tree clear last year and is focused on more important matters now.


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Inside the Demise of NBC's Once-Promising Comedy Up All Night
Mar 6, 2013 7:00 AM EST
NBC's Up All Night should have been a hit. The show came with a strong comedy pedigree: It starred Christina Applegate, Will Arnett and Maya Rudolph and was produced by Saturday Night Live don Lorne Michaels. At the center was what seemed to be a rel… Read more


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1. residual - noun
· something left after other parts have been taken away; "there was no remainder"; "he threw away the rest"; "he took what he wanted and I got the balance"
Synonym(s): remainder, balance, residue, residuum, rest
Hypernym(s): part, portion, component_part, component, constituent
2. residual - noun
· (often plural) a payment that is made to a performer or writer or director of a television show or commercial that is paid for every repeat showing; "he could retire on his residuals"
Hypernym(s): payment
3. residual - adjective
· relating to or indicating a remainder; "residual quantity"
Synonym(s): residuary
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Candidate presented by: John Karkheck, Professor and Chair of Physics and Jame Schaefer, Assistant Professor of Theology
John Charlton Polkinghorne has been at the forefront of the worldwide dialogue between science and religion for more than two decades
He is a prolific writer and scholar whose works include The Way The World Is, Evidence of Purpose, Scientists as Theologians, The Faith of a Physicist, and Belief in God in an Age of Science. He is a renowned speaker on the international stage for his unique perspective as a theoretical physicist who reflects
Rev. Dr. Polkinghorne received the doctoral degree in Physics from Cambridge University in 1955. His research established him as one of the leading scholars in elementary particle and quantum field theorists of the time. He served as Lecturer at the University of Edinburgh from 1956 to 1958, returned to Cambridge as Lecturer in 1958, became Reader in 1965, and was appointed Professor of Mathematical Physics in 1968. His election as Fellow of the Royal Society in 1974 denoted his significant contributions to human understanding of the nature of elementary particles.
Throughout his life a man of great faith, Rev. Dr. Polkinghorne made a profound decision in 1979 to leave the world of theoretical physics and to study for the priesthood in the Anglican Church at Westcott House in Cambridge. Ordained a deacon in 1981 and a priest in 1982, he served in several parishes before returning to Cambridge University in 1986 as Dean and Chaplain at Trinity Hall. He became President of Queen's College in 1989, retiring in 1996. During this second career, his ability to bring scientific and faith-based reasoning to bear on matters of broader scope led him far afield of physics and into important issues in both biolo-gy, such as transgenic breeding and fetal research, and in medicine, including drug abuse treatment, genetic testing, and medical ethics. In 1997 Queen Elizabeth II knighted him for his distinguished service to science, religion, and medical ethics.
His accomplishments were also recognized in 2002 when he received the Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion, an award founded by Sir John Templeton in 1972 and given annually to a living individual to honor the advancement of spiri-tual matters. Joining three other physicists who have received this award, Rev. Dr. Polkinghorne stands out for his steadfast commitment to traditional Christian doctrines and dogmas, including God as Creator of the world, the Blessed Trinity, and the resurrection of Jesus Christ, all of which he seeks to explain through the rigorous lens of scientific methodology. He has demonstrated in impressive fashion that science and theology are not opposed to one another. Celebrating the distinctiveness of the data, methods and purviews of the natural sciences and theology, he has achieved a new level of understanding of their conceptual inte-gration that is meaningful and relevant for Christians in an age of scientific and technological achievement.
Because of his unwavering contributions to a scientific and faith-based
inquiry about the world and his cogent exemplification of how knowledge can
be integrated to achieve a broader and deeper understanding of the world
and the human condition, a signal focus of Marquette's Core of Common Studies,
Reverend President, we hereby recommend John Charlton Polkinghorne for the
Marquette University degree of Doctor of Science, honoris causa.


text:
Join our live RV chat - click HERE
I have to agree with vetmom. The wood ceiling trumps the cream leather.I can't imagine cooking under a leather ceiling...steam and all....Just my $0.02.
Just as a matter of interest and I hope Bingo does not mind, but he has been running a similar thread on the RVOC forum, where we are both members, here in the UK. Personally I think most of us on the RVOC thought, at the beginning that he was barking mad, but now are just a teen tiny bit jealous. Perhaps we will have a rally when the Flxible reaches these shores to welcome it to it's new home. http://www.rvoc.co.uk/forum/rv-general-chat/12469-1947-flxible-clipper-motor-home.html
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Summer on the Hudson: Tots Soccer & Pee Wee Basketball
Wednesday, July 24, 2013
9:30 a.m.–10:30 a.m.
This event repeats every week on Wednesday between 7/24/2013 and 8/28/2013.
Please note: This event has already taken place. Please use the Search options on the right to find upcoming events.
All little ones (5 and under) welcome at this introduction to soccer and basketball.
Tots Soccer: 9:30– 10:30am
Pee Wee Basketball: 10:30 – 11:30am
71st Street Soccer Field and Basketball Courts in Riverside Park South
Directions to this location
Event Organizer
Summer on the Hudson
Contact Number


text:
I have always believed that any engineer that designs stuff for public use should be forced to either work on their design or use it extensively BEFORE fostering it on the public. While that generally applied to the automotive and marine industries, every so often rocket science engineering makes its way into other venues.
That being said, two factors come into play, A.) K.I.S.S. (Keep it simple, stupid) and B.) If it aint broke, dont fix it!
So now, lets discuss who your new and improved Genius Mount. Seriously, who in their right mind thinks the pretty new mount is an improvement over the old one?
On July 31, on our way to Sturgeon Bay, I made a point to be in De Pere early so I could swing by Non-Typical and trade in two 1156s (they had just gotten tired, activation range was down to under 5 yards) on two cameras w/Cuddelink and also purchase two more of the same. I also bought two of the new Genius Mounts. That brought my total to, two E models, one 1156, presently in use on my property, and 4 of the Cuddelink models to be mounted when we got home (South Central Missouri).
Yesterday evening I went out to mount the Home camera on a feeder erected yesterday. I usually use the OLD Genius mount screwed to the tree in a manner that allows me to swing the horizontal arm around, positioning the camera beside the tree. This hides the camera quite well, more from those individuals that believe my food plots etc., have been done for their benefit than from the wildlife. Cant do that with the new and improved version, horizontal travel is about 40 degrees in either direction, versus a full 190 degrees for the OLD model. I use a battery powered drill with a bit holder and exterior grade torx screws, the torx bit also fits your torx bolt on both the old and new version of the mount. Getting around the mount to screw the base to the tree is almost impossible, everything on the new mount is in the way, the old mount, just swing the arm to one side and screw the base to the tree, and the new base, 2 1/8 inch long, hole spacing at 1 ½ inch, with 2 ¾ inch standoff, versus the old base, 3 ½ inch long, hole spacing 2 ¾ inches and a 5 inch standoff. Does anyone there really think that that dinky base is going to support a Cuddelink Camera with the extended battery pac attached?
Guys, I love your cameras, I have used several other brands, all of which ended up in the trash. I think the Cuddelink system is pure genius and will most likely add more cameras. But the new genius mount was/is a mistake. Luckily I have enough of the Old genius mounts to handle the four new cameras. The two new genius mounts will get relegated to the two E models, where there is no need for any pan.
And, if yall have any of the old mounts lying around, Ill happily buy several.
BTW: The only thing squirrels like better than walnuts, acorns and hickory nuts is yalls straps.


text:
Dire ce qu'on ne pense pas dans des langues qu'on ne parle pas
Antônio Araújo - text Bernardo Carvalho
Premiere on May 27th 2014 | Bourse building in Brussels
As a consequence of hearing the word being repeated, of making it sound like an otherwordly concept, you almost end up forgetting the perversity and the depth of its action on our societies. Financial crisis. The ever stronger economic pressure on workers, the loss of values and bearings, the fanatic individualism, the question of identity which is solved by withdrawing into oneself... A society in crisis leads to its members' personal crises; members lost in the middle of these human anthills our cities have become.
Antônio Araújo and the Teatro da Vertigem (Theatre of Vertigo) construct their future creation for the Avignon Festival of 2014 and the Théâtre National around this (broad) topic. Antônio Araújo being a national treasure in Brazil and one of the most atypical and fascinating creators of our times, this creation is considered to be quite an important event. And it is a double "event" for in order to create this new show, Araújo entrusted Bernardo Carvalho, a major figure in Brazilian literature, with the writing of his play.
Obsessed with the scope of a theatre which is directly connected to the people, the Vertigem usually goes outside of the theatre to monopolize spaces full of poetic force. Thus Araújo has created shows in a church, in a disused prison, in a hospital and on the river Tietê which runs through Sao Paulo.
Once more, this will be the case in Brussels, a city which will be at the heart of the new show's dramatic process. Araújo, Carvalho and the actors came to soak up the atmosphere; they filmed it, listened to it and sought out its deepest vibrations.
The performance's two main characters wander around in Brussels, completely lost. The father lived there before, after having fled his country's dictatorship. He now returns, accompanying his daughter, an economist, to the conference she has to hold in Brussels. By doing so, she desperately hopes to provoke a shock strong enough to free her father from the total silence that has struck him since his wife's death. Yet, both of them will get lost in this city which they no longer recognize. Not just physically: the inhabitants are unrecognizable too. How have politics been slowly taken over by security and identity discourses? How have points of references and values crumbled away so quickly?
If deeply rooted in reality, Araújo's theatre remains intensely poetic, with a touch of gentle strangeness in the artistic process.
By addressing the question of the loss of landmarks through the physical and mental journey of this exiled duo, Araújo provokes a strong mise en abyme while exploring the question marks that affect all of us.


text: On Tue, 4 Jan 2005, Noel Tanmoy Das wrote: > how can i build a search engine (e.g. something like google) in a > beowulf cluster? help wanted. Wrong cluster type. This is called a "high availability" type cluster, although it certainly shares a lot of features with beowulf or HPC clusters. There are several answers possible here. One is to contact google and buy/rent their engine. It is a very, very good one and for a professional enterprise project that requires an internal/private search engine well worth the cost. A second one (if all you want to do is let people search for stuff you have up on a big website) is to use google for free -- it is fairly trivial to add a google box to any web page. If you want to WRITE an open-source search engine to e.g. COMPETE with google -- well, using google with something like "search engine open source" as the string turns up a list of free and open source tools at e.g. http://www.searchtools.com/tools/tools-opensource.html. I'd look over these projects, pick the best one that has the most active group working on it, and join the project rather than starting your own from scratch. It is very likely that one or more of the projects listed on this page already run on a cluster of some sort, as building and searching a very, very large database is a task with lots of natural parallelism. It is also very nontrivial -- I couldn't begin to tell you exactly how it all works as I don't know. To me google is just plain black magic -- it seems to crossreference EVERYTHING on the web all the way down to fairly deep embedded text (at a guess, well over a petabyte of distributed data) and still returns hits on most searches in a matter of seconds, no matter what the search string and no matter when you use it. It's like a tiny piece of the mind of God... or if you prefer a less blasphemous metaphor derived from "The Lucifer Principle", it is the memory function of the extended neural network that forms the superorganism known as "The Web", where we, and the websites we contribute and maintain, are the neurons themselves. If the human race has a developing collective intelligence, this is a core piece of it. rgb -- Robert G. Brown http://www.phy.duke.edu/~rgb/ Duke University Dept. of Physics, Box 90305 Durham, N.C. 27708-0305 Phone: 1-919-660-2567 Fax: 919-660-2525 email:rgb at phy.duke.edu


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Düsseldorf becomes the focus of the fashion world when the city reveals the latest in designer fashion and high-street trends. 'The Gallery Düsseldorf' emerged from Igedo (the world's biggest fashion show in its day) and is now a biannual event that attracts international fashion designers and buyers in their droves to the Rhine city.
It's here that the industry decides what's going to be big next season. Düsseldorf is, after all, the fashion capital of Germany. More than 800 showrooms present the latest designer and couture creations, and not just during trade show times. Königsallee, meanwhile, is lined with exclusive boutiques, where it's all too easy to succumb to temptation in the name of fashion. The enticing names of Marco Polo, Hugo Boss, Strellson and Calvin Klein are in good company alongside Armani, Bulgari, Gucci, Jil Sander, Prada, Tiffany & Co. and Versace, forming a stronghold of refined taste.
Königsallee is one of only a handful of internationally regarded streets that can justifiably call themselves a boulevard. Known affectionately as 'Kö', this street is the beating heart of the fashion city, a veritable catwalk lined by beautiful old chestnut trees. Here it's about seeing and being seen, and putting your best foot forward. But the Kö is not the only place to get your fill of fashion and shopping; if you have a taste for the finer things in life, you'll love every bit of Düsseldorf. There's Schadowstrasse, for example, or Carlstadt, an idyllic quarter of antique shops, galleries and art dealers. And, of course, the old town, whose laid-back vibe has attracted unconventional fashion boutiques and numerous alternative stores. The old town also has an abundance of pubs, bars and clubs that gives it the nickname of 'the longest bar in the world' and offers ample opportunity to relax and unwind after hitting the shops. Or simply to model your latest purchases.
The city centre's many shopping arcades mean that wet weather needn't stand in the way of a shopping spree. Schadow Arkaden, Sevens, Kö Galerie and stilwerk offer a winning combination of quality and variety, as well as plenty of space. The Kö-Bogen mall is set to open soon and promises to be another jewel in the city's luxury shopping crown. Even if you're looking for something with a smaller price tag, you'll still be spoilt for choice in Düsseldorf. For example, there are the Düsseldorf arcades around Lorettostrasse, or the hip Flingern quarter with its trendy, offbeat offerings. But it would be doing a disservice to Düsseldorf to describe it only as a fashion and shopping mecca. The city has so much more to offer. Culturally minded travellers are particularly well catered for, with events such as the Old Town Autumn attracting tens of thousands of visitors. Düsseldorf also prides itself on its theatres, concert halls, art galleries and places of historical interest, as well as its magnificent parks and gardens. The museums and the acclaimed Düsseldorf Arts Academy add to the city's reputation as a hub of culture, and every four years the international art world turns its attention to Düsseldorf for the Quadriennale with its high-calibre exhibition programme.
Düsseldorf is home to Europe's third-largest Japanese community after London and Paris. The vibrant Japanese quarter is centred around Hotel Nikko on Immermannstrasse, where you can find Japanese supermarkets, bookshops, restaurants and much more besides. And if all that fashion, shopping and culture leaves you feeling worn out, you can head to Burgplatz to unwind in style. One of Germany's most beautiful squares, this is the ultimate weekend and evening hangout for the people of Düsseldorf. So sit back with a glass of altbier, look out to the Rhine and just enjoy the moment. And if you happen to notice that the passers-by are exceptionally well dressed, then you can probably guess where they've done their shopping.
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Weekly Wire: The Global Forum
These are some of the views and reports relevant to our readers that caught our attention this week.
Can Big Data Stop Wars Before They Happen?
Foreign Policy
It has been almost two decades exactly since conflict prevention shot to the top of the peace-building agenda, as large-scale killings shifted from interstate wars to intrastate and intergroup conflicts. What could we have done to anticipate and prevent the 100 days of genocidal killing in Rwanda that began in April 1994 or the massacre of thousands of Bosnian Muslims at Srebrenica just over a year later? The international community recognized that conflict prevention could no longer be limited to diplomatic and military initiatives, but that it also requires earlier intervention to address the causes of violence between nonstate actors, including tribal, religious, economic, and resource-based tensions. For years, even as it was pursued as doggedly as personnel and funding allowed, early intervention remained elusive, a kind of Holy Grail for peace-builders. This might finally be changing. The rise of data on social dynamics and what people think and feel -- obtained through social media, SMS questionnaires, increasingly comprehensive satellite information, news-scraping apps, and more -- has given the peace-building field hope of harnessing a new vision of the world.
The economist who revealed how media bias works
It's heady company. When he won the John Bates Clark Medal earlier this month, University of Chicago economics professor Matthew Gentzkow suddenly found himself among legends such as Paul Samuelson and Milton Friedman. Both are past recipients of the award, which the American Economic Association bestows on the American economist under the age of 40 who "who is judged to have made the most significant contribution to economic thought and knowledge." Plenty of past winners have worked in familiar areas, such as wage dynamics or health economics. Gentzkow's work is less orthodox: an interesting mix of the history and micro-economics of the media world.
World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development
Tectonic shifts in technology and economic models have vastly expanded the opportunities for press freedom and the safety of journalists, opening new avenues for freedom of expression for women and men across the world. Today, more and more people are able to produce, update and share information widely, within and across national borders. All of this is a blessing for creativity, exchange and dialogue. At the same time, new threats are arising. In a context of rapid change, these are combining with older forms of restriction to pose challenges to freedom of expression, in the shape of controls not aligned with international standards for protection of freedom of expression and rising threats against journalists.
Age invaders, Demography and Inequality
The Economist
IN THE 20th century the planet's population doubled twice. It will not double even once in the current century, because birth rates in much of the world have declined steeply. But the number of people over 65 is set to double within just 25 years. This shift in the structure of the population is not as momentous as the expansion that came before. But it is more than enough to reshape the world economy. According to the UN's population projections, the standard source for demographic estimates, there are around 600m people aged 65 or older alive today. That is in itself remarkable; the author Fred Pearce claims it is possible that half of all the humans who have ever been over 65 are alive today. But as a share of the total population, at 8%, it is not that different to what it was a few decades ago. By 2035, however, more than 1.1 billion people—13% of the population—will be above the age of 65.
A 3-D Printed high powered microscope for $2 or Rs 120
Times of India
A high powered lens that can be made at home and cost less than a cent is all set to transform your smart phone into a high-resolution microscope. It is a known scientific fact that a droplet of clear liquid can bend light, acting as a lens. Now, by exploiting this knowledge, researchers have developed a new process to create inexpensive high quality lenses that will cost less than a penny apiece. Because they're so inexpensive, the lenses can be used in a variety of applications, including tools to detect diseases in the field, scientific research in the lab and optical lenses and microscopes for education in classrooms. Researchers say it will be a boon for science and medicine in developing countries and remote areas. Their low cost — low enough to make them disposable — allows for a host of uses.
Improving water supply to improve livelihoods across southern Africa
The Guardian
The strategic development and effective management of water resources is a high priority for southern Africa. Whilst the region is endowed with considerable water resources, there is also substantial variation in availability; a problem compounded by sub-standard and inequitable water supply, which is calculated to cost up to 5% of regional GDP annually. High levels of water insecurity in the region undermine efforts towards climate resilient and sustainable economic growth, poverty reduction and regional stability. Moreover, forecasts indicate that population growth coupled with demands from irrigation, energy and economic growth as well as increased vulnerability to climate shocks will further compound the problem.
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Photo credit: Flickr user fdecomite


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Author Notes: My roots are Bulgarian and Macedonian and throughout my life, banitsa, the traditional filled filo pastry has always been a part of family meals. My mom and I used to set aside a day in early November, making 100 rolls filled with spinach, apples, peppery ground beef to freeze for the holidays....but my favorite was always the leek filled rolls. So I took that leek filling and baked it in a tart shell. Oh my!! Memories... - inpatskitchen —inpatskitchen
Food52 Review: I had my eye on this tender tart. I've always used ice water in my tart pastry, and the half and half used here in its place gives the crust a wonderful tenderness that marries beautifully with her soft filling. I used whole milk cottage cheese along with the ricotta, and the buttery leeks fold right into the gentle custard. This would be lovely to serve on a brunch buffet, first because its pale colors are beautiful, but also because its delicate texture firms up a bit as it comes closer to room temperature. I so enjoyed this new cultural experience. - boulangere —boulangere
Makes: 6 to 8 servings
Tart shell
1 1/2 cups all purpose flour
8 ounce stick of butter cut into small pieces
teaspoon salt
3 - 4
tablespoons half and half
Leek filling
3 1/2
cups leeks ( white and light green part only) which have been quartered lengthwise and then thinly sliced into quarter moons.
tablespoons butter
cups cottage cheese set in a colander and thoroughly drained of all liquid.
cup crumbled feta cheese (preferably Bulgarian feta)
eggs, lightly beaten
teaspoon salt
teaspoon white pepper
Tart shell
- Mix the flour and salt together and place in the bowl of a food processor.
- Add the butter and pulse about 8 times.
- Add the half and half, one tablespoon at a time and pulse until you can form the dough into a ball for rolling.
- Roll the dough into a round large enough for a 10 inch tart pan with a removable bottom. Lightly spray the pan with cooking oil and press the rolled round in.
- Bake the tart shell for 10 minutes at 400F. Remove from the oven and set aside while preparing the filling.
Leek filling
- Saute the leeks in the butter until soft and fragrant. Remove to a medium mixing bowl and let cool.
- When the leeks have cooled, stir in the remaining ingredients and thoroughly combine.
- Pour the mixture into the tart shell and bake for 40 to 50 minutes at 325F.
- Serve warm or at room temperature.
- This recipe is a Community Pick!
- This recipe was entered in the contest for Your Best Tart
- This recipe was entered in the contest for Your Best Leeks
- This recipe was entered in the contest for Your Best Spring Alliums
- This recipe was entered in the contest for Your Best Root Vegetable Side
- This recipe was entered in the contest for Your Best Spring Vegetable Recipe
- This recipe was entered in the contest for Your Best Late Winter Tart (Sweet or Savory)
More Great Recipes:
Tart|Pie|Leek|Vegetable|Cheese|Make Ahead|Vegetarian|Appetizer


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*TLC, the TV home of Honey Boo Boo, has come up with its answer to VH1's "Hollywood Exes."
The cable channel has booked the former wives or girlfriends of DMX, Lamar Odom, 50 Cent and Floyd Mayweather, Jr. for its new reality series "Starter Wives," reports Variety.
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According to a press release for the network, "The series will share the lives of seven women who supported their former husbands/boyfriends before the fame and wealth made them the men they are today.
They devoted their time, money, and support to the men they loved. Now, these women are working on moving forward and starting over on their own, with a new focus on creating a path in life that will give themselves and their children the security and success they know they deserve."
The ex-wife of New York DJ Funkmaster Flex and rapper Maino also star in the series.
Filming is slated to start later this month for a premiere date in early 2013.
Four hour-long episodes have been ordered, and are being produced by NOLA.
The full cast is listed below:
· Zakia Baum: Ex-girlfriend of Jermaine "Maino" Coleman; mother of his son.
· Cheryl Caruso: Ex-wife of mobster Phillip Caruso, and mother of his 2 daughters.
· Josie Harris: Ex-girlfriend of Floyd Mayweather; mother of his three children.
· Monica Joseph-Taylor: soon to be ex-wife of Aston "Funkmaster Flex" Taylor; mother to his two children.
· Liza Morales: Ex-girlfriend of Lamar Odom; mother of his three children.
· Tashera Simmons: Ex-wife of Earl "DMX" Simmons; mother of four of his children.
· Shaniqua Tompkins: Ex-girlfriend of Curtis "50 Cent" Jackson, and mother of his son.


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Academic Divisions & Courses
All Fletcher courses are offered through one of three divisional classifications. The divisions tend to correspond to traditional academic disciplines or departments. Coursework from across the three divisions ensure a breadth of knowledge.
International Law and Organization (ILO) courses
The division of ILO offers courses and specialized seminars on various aspects of public international law, international organizations, human rights, international business and economic law, and law and development.
Diplomacy, History and Politics (DHP) courses
The division of DHP focuses on foreign policies of various nations that are often, though not exclusively, grouped by geographic regions. Principle offerings include courses in international information and communications, international environmental and resource policy, negotiation and dispute resolution, political economy, political systems and theories, international security, leadership and statecraft, and comparative and developmental politics.
Economics and International Business (EIB) courses
The division of EIB includes courses related to international trade and finance, the economics of developing countries, problems of energy, resources, food and agriculture, international business management, and international business finance. In addition, a number of courses in methodology and theory are offered for candidates emphasizing economics.