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Pain-Free Solution?10 messages in this subject.
|Is there anyway to get rid of these awful mouth ulcers that doesnt hurt? I know people do the salt water thing, but that just sounds - ouch! I am on Day 4 of a huge ulcer than keeps on getting bigger. It is on the gums of my upper lip, right in the middle. I cant talk, smile, or even eat very much. They hurt by themselves very much, I dont want to cause even more pain to myself, with salt-water or any other painful remedy. I sure would like to get back to my normal life.
|Emily 1 August 05
|I use neat TCP. It stings a little bit when you first put it on, but no where near as bad as the salt water thing! My ulcers are huge too and like you smiling, talking, eating, drinking is a nightmare. The TCP does kill the pain for a while, sort of numbs it, whilst eventually killing it off. TCP is the only thing that works for me, I have tried everything as I have been getting huge ulcers for as long as I can remember. The stinging only lasts seconds and believe me, if I can handle you can too, I am the biggest wimp around and hate pain! If you really cant dab it on there neat, dilute it with some water and rinse your mouth like you would a mouth wash. TCP doesnt smell the niceset, granted, but I really dont care, it really does help. I carry a small bottle everywhere with me! Good Luck :) x
|Donna 1 August 05
|Thanks Donna -
What does TCP stand for? And where do you get it? The drugstore? Thanks!
|Emily 1 August 05
|TCP blooming hurts! I stopped counting the ulcers on my tongue today at 40 and that doesnt include the ones in my throat, lips and cheeks! I use Difflam Oral Rinse for the pain as it is a local anaesthetic, it feels hot on them at first but no where near the pain that you would have from salt, etc, your mouth goes numb for a while afterwards which is bliss. Warm salt water does help to soothe to and honestly it doesnt hurt, I put a teaspoonful of salt into a glass of warm water and rinse around but its not as good as Difflam.
|Sam 1 August 05
|Sam, TCP isnt that bad!!! It does sting (for a few seconds) a bit depending on size of ulcer but not enough not to use it . Works everytime for me. I got rid of ulcers in Sunday, more formed yesterday morning I started using TCP and iit has kept it at bay, it is nearly gone!
Emily, yes it is an antiseptic and you can buy it any chemist. I have been using it years and I amashamed to say I have no idea what it stands for! Sorry! :) x
|Donna 3 August 05
|We have a bottle of TCP around the house, and if someone opens it and leaves the cap off, the whole house smells of it. It may be outlawed in the U.S. and that may be why U.S. readers have never heard of it. Heres a review of it:
Id often wondered why nobody in the USA uses TCP. Well, I did some research and I think Ive found out the answer.
TCP is 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Its a flaky yellow solid substance, which in the UK is sold in suspension in small quantities for use as an antiseptic. Its great for cuts and bruises, and as a last resort against particularly evil throat infections. Its also more effective at killing bacteria than toilet bowl cleaner. Practically every UK bathroom cabinet has a bottle of TCP in it.
Anyway... It turns out that 2,4,6-TCP has a close relative -- 2,4,5-TCP. 2,4,5-TCP was one of the main ingredients in Agent Orange. It was discovered during the Vietnam war that the process of making both kinds of TCP tends to produce a particularly unpleasant toxic dioxin, 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
Hence 2,4,5-TCP was banned in the USA in the mid 70s. Dow Chemical still made 2,4,6-TCP for a while, but gave up because (a) demand was low, and (b) the cost of eliminating the dioxin meant it wasnt very profitable. As of now, nobody in the USA makes 2,4,6-TCP.
It also turns out that 2,4,6-TCP is a carcinogen. (Then again, what isnt?)
Oh, and the EPA considers it subject to reporting and record-keeping requirements... So yes, at this very moment English people are gargling with a chemical that the EPA considers a hazardous material.
|TomF 3 August 05
|Oops. I read on and found this:
Sorry for reviving an ancient thread, but seeing as your erroneous chemistry may damage the reputation of an excellent product (it doesnt take much for such rumours to spread on the Web), I felt I had to say something.
- The chemical in Agent Orange 2,4,5-T, or 2,4,5-TCP is trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and NOT trichlorophenol. As you can guess, the two chemicals are biochemically almost totally different.
- While 2,4,6-trichlorophenol is a suspected human carcinogen, it is extremely unlikely that the product TCP contains any.
To cut a long story short, TCP IS NOT CARCINOGENIC.
On the other hand, it is the only antiseptic on the market which actually kicks some bacterial/fungal ass, and receives a full 5 stars from me!
|TomF 3 August 05
|Donna if it works for you and you can stand the pain I am for anything, personally I cant. At present I have 42 Ulcers on my tongue, several on my lips and I cant count the ones in my throat, I dont think I could even sniff the tcp without crying. I did try it once when I was about 16 and that was enough. At present nothing is working to shift these ulcers, I have lost 1/2 stone in just under a week as I can barely eat, I am breastfeeding so therefore am about on my last legs now not sure what to do with myself, coping with ulcers on their own is bad enough, coping with a 4mnth old baby and the ulcers is just a little too much.
|Sam 3 August 05
|Sam, I do feel so sorry for you!! Not sure how I would be trying to cope with a baby as well! I turn evil when I have them......my poor partner!!! I have never had 42 at once...I probably couldnt do teh TCP thing then! I only get at most 6 at a time and cope with the pain for them. have you spoken to the doctor? I am now being tested for Coeliac Disease (allergic to gluten) as this can cause them. Pineapple also casues them for some people and...so my doc tells me....poor diet! I dont eat a lot of veg and she says this could be a reason. I have now started taken multi vit everyday. I also just changed my toothpaste from Colgate to Sensodyne as it does not contain SLS....according to other comments on this website, SLS can cause them. Will keep you posted! Good Luck! Chin up! :) x
|Donna 4 August 05
|Thanks Donna. Not sure how much longer I can cope with this pain, it is exceptionally bad today. I have just started to use the Squigle toothepaste so hoping that will help a bit, at least it doesnt sting the ulcers so I can brush my teeth. I am being tested for Crohns disease, but no two consultants can make their mind up and its been ongoing for about 6yrs now on and off. If I can get over this latest bad bout and eat I would feel better. I am taking a multi-vit suitable for breastfeeding and also taking Lysine.
|Sam 4 August 05
Pain-Free Solution?10 messages in this subject.


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Announcing the May Featured Geocacher of the Month
May's Featured Geocacher of the Month is an enthusiastic, outgoing, and adventurous geocacher. Congratulations to Lulusoy for being named May's featured Geocacher of the Month!
Lulusoy is recognized for organizing the very first official CITO event in Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico and for running a successful podcast in Spanish called Cache D Island, where she talks about anything and everything geocaching-related.
Many geocachers agree that Lulusoy is a great representation of a leader and an enthusiastic geocacher who has done a lot for her community since becoming a member in 2010.
As one geocacher casting a vote put it, "I have seen how she [Lulusoy] plans and executes the adventure of geocaching. Lulusoy has many followers and you can see why they enjoy geocaching. I have seen Lulusoy being afraid to reach, jump, climb, and go in water, but this does not stop her if a cache is to be found. I have seen her provide help to many tourists that plan to come to Puerto Rico. I believe she represents what we all as goecachers strive for."
Lulusoy will receive a collector's edition featured Geocacher of the Month Geocoin, along with a Geocacher of the Month hat, a Geocacher of the Month profile icon, and a certificate acknowledging her contributions signed by two of the founders of Geocaching.com.
Thank you to the fellow May nominees and all those who supported them. The nominees not chosen as featured Geocacher of the Month will receive a gift of appreciation from Groundspeak. See a list of all the featured Geocachers of the Month here.
The geocaching community is encouraged to re-nominate those who have yet to be honored as featured Geocacher of the Month.
If you know an outstanding geocacher who should be considered for the honor, send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Every nomination must meet the following requirements: Please include your name, the name of your nominee, their username, at least one picture of the nominee and description (in 500 or fewer words) explaining why he or she deserves to be the Geocacher of the Month. Please inform your nominee that you've submitted them for the award. Nominations for June featured Geocacher of the Month must be received by the end of the day on Monday, June 25th.
Once we have received all of the nominations, we will choose the top candidates and post them on the Latitude 47 blog. You will then get a chance to champion your favorite. Our goal is to involve the entire geocaching community in this process so we might learn from each other.

subset: commoncrawl


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Nice one! Sad thing that this is a true story though and Google actually operates this way…
It's alive again! Thank you! /and now I'm off to read your post
Amazon's US sales were probably somewhere in the neighborhood of $6B last year.
$6,000,000,000 * 0.012% = $720,000
That seemingly inconsequential decision is 7 fewer people that would have been laid off.
Granted, most businesses are not large enough to make this sort of minute detail worth testing, or even possible with any statistical significance. But don't underestimate the value of testing your design hypotheses. It's possible to be data-driven without sacrificing design innovation.
Any chance this was inspired by Doug Bowman's exiting goog article? (http://bit.ly/nNE3b)
0.012% saved by the border
unknown % lost eternally as the company's "best and brightest" are mired in micromanagement and paralysis by analysis, rather than pursuing more lucrative ventures
another % lost as the company's most talented employees flee for a less insane asylum
OK/Cancel is a comic strip collaboration co-written and co-illustrated by Kevin Cheng and Tom Chi. Our subject matter focuses on interfaces, good and bad and the people behind the industry of building interfaces - usability specialists, interaction designers, human-computer interaction (HCI) experts, industrial designers, etc. (Who Links Here) ?


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Films and Screenings
All ticket and pass holders must arrive 15 minutes before show time to ensure availability of seats. After that time, the Festival reserves the right to resell seats to STAND-BY customers. Latecomers will be seated at the discretion of the cinema staff.
Each film will be shown in its original language with English subtitles unless otherwise noted. All programs are subject to change without notice. No refunds or exchanges are given.
Film length as listed in the program represents the best available information at press time. Length of film does not include introductions or Q&A sessions following the screening.
All audience members must leave the theater following each screening. Saving seats between shows is not permitted.
Enzian Film Society, student, senior, or military discounts, and benefits are not available on Festival products, and no refunds are offered.
"Stand-by" status simply means that most seats have been sold in advance and a few seats are being held for pass holders. However, additional tickets are often made available prior to the event. To gain entry to a "Stand-by" film/event, arrive at the theater at least 45 minutes prior to show time. Numbers will be handed out to potential ticket buyers, and available tickets will be sold, in numerical order, until the event is sold out.
Please be aware that many Festival films are unrated, and some may not be suitable for ages 16 and under. Parental discretion is advised. Please consult the film description online or in the Festival program when making your Festival selections.
Cameras and recording devices are not permitted in the theater. Please silence all cellular phones and other devices when in the theater.
Enzian and Regal Winter Park Village are ADA compliant with wheelchair and assisted listening accessibility.


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Mandatory south dakota Federal And State Labor Law PosterWe provide Up-To-Date South Dakota Labor Law Posters that are all-in-one and include all mandatory federal and state labor law changes
The 2019 South Dakota and Federal Labor Law Posters meet business requirements to protect employers from posting fines.
With our South Dakota labor law poster and Smart Poster Update Plan we will provide you with the most recent poster, and send you updated stickers as needed so that you stay in poster compliance for 2019, 2020, and 2021.Do you know what you are supposed to be paying your employees? Do you know their rights? You should know, and it is their right to know... in fact it is the law. You must display labor laws in a visible location, otherwise you risk facing penalties.
Are you at risk for penalties?
Our SD State and Federal labor law workplace poster includes all laws required to be displayed by South Dakota Department of Labor and Regulation, in addition to Federal labor laws.ComplianceAssistance.us offers durable, convenient and quality compliance posters, with access to our knowledgeable and friendly customer service team. All federal and state posters are available in both English and Spanish and you can save money when you purchase the English and Spanish labor law poster combo set.
Plus, Our Smart Poster Update Plan provides you with year-round coverage of labor law changes, giving you less reason to worry about being up-to-date.
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- No wrestling with push-pins and tape to hold up dozens of papers
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- Everything you need to be compliant is in one poster
Subscribe To Our Smart Poster Update Plan
- And save time searching for new laws as we will provide you with the updates and a new poster.
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Do you manage multiple locations? We provide our corporate customers with solutions to fit their specific needs. As a corporate customer, you will be assigned a Dedicated Account Manager who will work with you to ensure you have the appropriate labor law posters you need to stay compliant. This cost-effective solution also includes corporate discounts and free updates.Interested in labor law posters for a specific industry? We can help. We offer Corporate Bundle Packages that are tailored for individual business types such as manufacturing, restaurants or construction. The bundled packages contain all the industry relevant posters needed to stay compliant.


text: Fear Premium Holds Ammonia Hostage January 18, 2013 03:17 AM Tweet TAGS: Marketing, Overseas December 18, 2014 By Davis Michaelsen Pro Farmer Inputs Monitor Editor Email Twitter Islamic extremists have assumed control of an Algerian natural gas facility in response to French military actions in Mali. This action punctuates the value of domestic fertilizer independence. Growers have noticed the high price of Anhydrous despite robust natural gas in domestic storage. With a tightening stocks-to-use ratio worldwide for nitrogen fertilizers, a new-found hope for U.S. energy independence shifts to domestic nutrient independence for the American grower. As an example, Vietnam -- 2011's #2 rice exporter globally -- has posted dramatic declines in fertilizer imports over the past few years and is reporting a bold projection for another 50% decline in fertilizer imports for 2013. Estimates have the nation importing just 2.4 million tons of NPK in the coming year and fertilizer independence has made that possible. Nutrient production has steadily been on the rise in Vietnam and the result is increased rice exports on the back of decreasing domestic fertilizer prices, and robust agricultural activity. Part of the reason Anhydrous refuses to fall is the high price of ammonia. Incidents like the Algerian gas complex takeover are reminiscent of the fear premium imposed by unrest in Middle Eastern crude producing nations on oil prices. In 2005 the price of a barrel of oil reached $140 -- here in 2013, with unrest still in the news, a run-up to 96.00 per barrel is labeled a spike. If extremist groups continue to target natural gas facilities in North Africa and the Middle East, the United States must respond by increasing ammonia production and encouraging continued trade of the substance with friendly nations like Trinidad-Tobago -- which has historically provided the U.S. with 55-60% of the ammonia imported annually. Increased domestic production would help insulate the nitrogen market from these external stresses and moderate U.S. pricing of Anhydrous, DAP/MAP, Urea and UAN. Of the roughly 100 million tons of ammonia produced in the world each year, the U.S. currently produces about 8%. A number of nitrogen and ammonia production projects are underway in the United States and set to come online sometime in 2015. Until then, nitrogen demand will continue to tighten stocks-to-use in the global market and prevent ammonia prices from falling. Back to news


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The biomedical advantages of a polystyrene surface are combined with a low effective density in a new class of microspheres. Polybead® Hollow Microspheres are spherical styrene / acrylic beads supplied in suspension. A relatively dense shell of a polystyrene based copolymer is formed around a void in the particle. Sphere voids are water-filled in the as-supplied 5% solids aqueous suspension, and the water-filled particle will have an effective density near 1.0 g/cm3. Water is lost from the void upon drying as the particles are slightly porous. This results in a hollow particle with a shell approximately 0.10µm thick. Surfactants on the surface of the spheres help stabilize the particles.
Composition: Styrene / acrylic
Diameter: 0.40µm
Effective Density: ~1.0 g/cm3
- Hazards:
- Harmless-use normal precautions
- Handling:
- Exercise normal care
- Storage:
- Store at 4 degrees celsius;Do not permit to freeze


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The Clontarf Visitor Information Centre is located on Hornibrook Esplanade in Redcliffe.
This accredited visitor information centre offers a one stop shop for travel information including maps, brochures, and itineraries. Staffed by skilled and knowledgeable locals, the Clontarf Visitor Information Centre can provide advice on the things to see, things to do and where to eat. Discuss with the friendly staff your travel plans or make a booking. Internet desk and wifi access. Each day at 10am the volunteers check the pelican flock. Tour guides are provided free to visiting bus groups
|Opening Hours
|All year
|9am - 4pm
|25 December 2018
|25 April 2019
|1pm - 4pm
Note: Information on listed products and services are provided by the operator and were correct at the time of publishing. Rates are indicative based on the minimum and maximum available prices of products and services. Please visit the operator's website for further information. All prices quoted are in Australian dollars (AUD).


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Alibi 2.1 Megapixel 1080P HD-TVI 230' Variable Intensity IR Varifocal Bullet Security Camera ALI-BC5010VR
Variable intensity IR adjusts IR strength for wide angle coverage or zoomed-in area
- 1/3″ CMOS image sensor delivers 2.1 megapixel resolution
- HD-TVI technology produces 1920 x 1080 (1080p) full-HD video for sharp, detailed images
- HD-TVI technology transmits zero latency HD video resolution over coax cabling
- Variable intensity IR adjusts IR strength for wide angle and zoom shots
- Built-in IR LEDs enable the camera to see up to 230' in the dark
- WDR and 3D-DNR enhances image quality in variable and low light conditions
- 2.8-12 mm auto iris varifocal lens
- Built-in heater protects the camera's electrical components and prevents frost buildup in cold temperatures
- 14°F ~ 122°F operating range withstands hot and cold temperatures
- 5-Axis bracket adjustment for greater mounting flexibility
- Cable-concealed bracket and base for protecting and storing cable
- IP66 weather-rated housing
- Dual voltage capable: 12 Vdc or 24 Vac
- Service monitor port to view camera field-of-view adjustments on a monitor
- This HD-TVI security camera requires an HD-TVI DVR for recording video
Capture detailed full-HD video, and monitor your home or business with the ALI-BC5010VR Alibi 2.1 megapixel 1080p HD-TVI 230′ variable intensity IR varifocal bullet security camera.
The HD-TVI varifocal bullet security camera features a 2.8 -12 mm auto-iris varifocal lens and is equipped with a 1/3″ CMOS image sensor that delivers 2.1 megapixel resolution and up to 1920 x 1080 (1080p) full high-definition video with sharp, detailed images.
HD-TVI technology supports longer cable transmission distances and transmits zero-latency HD video over coax cabling. HD-TVI also enables you to use existing (RG59 and Cat5/6 coax cables or most standard CCTV shielded cabling, which reduces cabling costs.
Note: This HD-TVI security camera requires an HD-TVI DVR for recording video.
The varifocal bullet camera is equipped with a unique variable intensity IR feature that adjusts IR strength, when you manually zoom in or zoom out to adjust the camera's field-of-view. The camera also features a service monitor port to view camera field-of-view adjustments on a monitor.
The 2.1 megapixel box camera offers enhanced imaging capabilities with wide dynamic range (WDR) and 3D digital noise reduction (3D-DNR) to reduce video noise and improve image quality in variable and low light conditions.
The infrared camera is equipped with IP66 weather-rated housing that provides protection from elements such as dust and dirt, along with harsh weather conditions, including rain and snow.
The HD-TVI outdoor security camera features a 14°F ~ 122°F operating range to withstand hot and cold temperatures. The camera is equipped with a built-in heater that protects the electrical components and prevents frost build-up—for year-round protection.
The Alibi HD-TVI varifocal camera is also dual voltage capable, with the ability to operate n 12 Vdc or 24 Vac.
Peace-of-Mind, Guaranteed!
All Alibi purchases are protected by a 30-day money-back guarantee, unlimited US-based technical support, and our Alibi 3-Year Blanket Warranty.
What is an Alibi 3-Year Blanket Warranty?
Our Alibi 3-Year Blanket Warranty covers your entire purchase, with no asterisks and no exceptions! The warranty covers all Alibi camera and recorder hardware and components, and pre-installed hard drives. If you have an issue, we provide unlimited technical support – and manage all returns and exchanges directly, minimizing unnecessary downtime.
Learn more about the Alibi 3-Year Blanket Warranty
What's Included:
- (1) Alibi 2.1 megapixel 1080p HD-TVI 230′ variable intensity IR varifocal bullet security camera
- (1) User guide
Key Features and Capabilities:
Megapixel Resolution – Cover more area and see more detail. Megapixel cameras can cover a larger area without compromising image quality. Megapixel resolution cameras deliver high-definition images with much greater detail. They are ideal where a greater level of detail is needed, such as for facial recognition and license plate identification.
HD-TVI Technology – High-definition video over coax. HD-TVI sends zero latency 720p or 1080p full HD video over RG59 coax cabling. HD-TVI cameras and DVRs offer the advantages of HD resolution video, but are as easy to install as standard analog CCTV equipment. HD-TVI enables longer cable runs for long distance installations, with transmission distances of up to 1600' over RG59 coax cables.
Variable Intensity IR – Adjusts IR strength. When you manually adjust the camera's field-of-view, the IR LEDs will zoom in or out to increase or decrease IR strength and adjust to the desired field-of-view.
Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) – Gain a clear view in diverse lighting conditions. WDR balances the contrast of light and shadow, and enables the camera to deliver clear video with near perfect exposure in harsh lighting conditions, such as in bright, dark, or backlit areas within a scene.
3D Digital Noise Reduction (3D-DNR) – Get exceptional video image quality with less noise. 3D-DNR incorporates frame-to-frame noise reduction with spatial noise reduction to produce clear video images with less noise, in low light conditions. Noise reduction is critical for video because noise affects image quality. Cameras with 3D-DNR produce sharper, more accurate video images.
Smart IR – Capture clear, sharp images in low light. Smart IR (smart infrared) automatically adjusts the amount of infrared light used to illuminate a scene as the subject moves closer to or further away from the camera, resulting in optimal exposure and a sharp, clear image that is neither washed out or too dark.
Full Frame Illumination – Illuminates more area. Full Frame Illumination (FFI) delivers a wider IR illumination spread and produces a brighter, clearer picture in low light and at night – without hot spots. FFI reduces video noise, for a clearer image, along with reducing bandwidth consumption and video storage requirements.
Built-in Heater – Withstands cold temperatures. The camera features a built-in heater which makes it ideal for use in cold climates. The heater helps to protect the camera's electrical components, prevents fogging and condensation, and keeps it operational in freezing temperatures. The all-weather construction supports a wide temperature operating range so that the camera is able to withstand sub-zero temperatures.
Cable Concealed Bracket and Base – Protect and store cable. The cable concealed bracket conceals and protects the cable, while the base provides convenient storage of extra cable.
5-Axis Bracket Adjustment – Greater mounting flexibility. The camera bracket is adjustable from five different axis points, providing flexible mounting and better camera positioning.
Dual Voltage – Use both AC and DC power sources. Most video security cameras will use either 24 volts AC or 12 volts DC. This camera offers dual voltage, enabling you to use either an AC or DC power source, eliminating the worry of whether or not your power source is compatible with your security camera.
Alibi 3-Year Blanket Warranty. No asterisks, no exceptions. Our Alibi 3-Year Blanket Warranty covers your entire purchase – including, camera and recorder hardware and components, monitors, accessories and pre-installed hard drives. If you have an issue, we provide unlimited technical support – and manage all returns and exchanges directly, minimizing unnecessary downtime.
|Resource Name
|Product Overview


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Ilia Beshkov was born in Dolni Dabnik in central northern Bulgaria. Between 1918 and 1920 he attended the Faculty of Law of Sofia University and then worked as a teacher in Dolni Dabnik for a while. He eventually studied painting at the National Academy of Arts, and became known as the "Bulgarian Daumier".
As a student, Beshkov drew caricatures for magazines like Maskarad, Div Dyado, Balgaran, Starshel and Vik and also illustrated for the publishing houses T. F. Chipev and Hemus. From 1925 on, he cooperated with Pladne magazine, and was arrested twice for his political views.
He founded the newspaper Sturshel (Hornet) in 1940, and published in it without signature or pseudonym. Beshkov taught at the National Academy of Arts, and was therefore an influence for most Bulgarian comic artists and writers. He headed the Department of Graphics until his death in 1958. The art gallery in Pleven is named in his honour.


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My relatives – the ones I celebrate holidays with, not the famous ones who do not even know I exist – often ask me how I find celebrities in the family tree. One way to do it is to put your family in OneWorldTree on Ancestry, then click on "Find famous relatives."
If that doesn't work, here are some suggestions:
- Expand your own family tree out as far as you can. Use
proven genealogical techniques and do not rely on online trees.
- Learn the surnames of the people on your pedigree who
were in the US or Canada before 1776. You don't need to be able to recite
then, but you should be able to recognize them.
- Connect your tree to one of these areas:
- New France. Back in the 1600s, a limited number of people settled in French Canada. They bred like crazy and intermingled so much that if you find yourself related to one Quebecois, you'll likely find yourself related to all of them. The genealogies of these people have been thoroughly tracked.
- New Amsterdam. Though not as insular as New France or as well documented, these settlers in early New York were there about as early and serve as a bottleneck you can tap into.
- New England. Connecting to someone in early Plymouth or other colonial New England town can open you up to the mother load of famous relatives.
- When you come across an article about Madonna being related to Jack Kerouac or a genealogy blogger bragging about being related to every president, check out the famous person's tree. Review the names of their end people and see if any of them match any of the surnames on your tree. (I admit, I don't check out the famous person's tree for correctness. Linking to a famous person is done on a whim, while building my own tree accurately is an obligation.)
- If all your ancestors came through Ellis Island, your best bet is to try to get one of your cousins to try out for American Idol.


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Number: 113-5
Date: June 28, 2013
Senate Judiciary Committee Reports S. 744,
Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act
On June 27, 2013, the Senate passed S. 744, the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act, by a vote of 68-32. The bill, which was reported out of the Senate Judiciary Committee on May 21, would increase border and interior security, and would make electronic employment eligibility verification mandatory for all new hires—and some current workers—across the Nation. The bill now moves to the House for consideration.
During debate on floor amendments, the Senate adopted one new provision of interest to SSA:
Preclusion of Social Security Credits for Periods without Work Authorization
- Would prohibit, for purposes of determining insured status and benefit amount, crediting quarters of coverage based on work performed during the period beginning January 1, 2004 and ending December 31, 2013, and performed by individuals granted registered provisional immigrant (RPI) status or with expired nonimmigrant visas.
- Would not apply to individuals assigned Social Security Numbers (SSN) prior to January 1, 2004.
- Would not apply to individuals who can provide evidence of work authorization, or who attest under threat of criminal penalty that they were authorized to work during such quarter.
- Would be effective for benefit applications—
- Filed on or after 180 days after enactment; and,
- Based the earnings record of an individual for whom no Primary Insurance Amount had been previously determined.
The Senate-passed bill also includes the following provisions affecting SSA, which remain unchanged from the Committee-reported bill by floor amendments:
Mandatory Employment Verification
- Would require DHS, in consultation with SSA, to establish a mandatory employment eligibility verification system (the System), and would repeal E-Verify but provide for its continued use until the System is fully functional.
- Would require DHS to issue interim regulations, no later than 1 year after enactment and effective upon publication, implementing the System.
- Would require DHS, in consultation with SSA and the Attorney General (AG), to publish final regulations "within a reasonable time."
- Would phase-in mandatory participation as follows:
For the Current Workforce
- Would require Federal contractor use in accordance with the 2008 Federal Acquisition Regulation.
- Would provide DHS discretionary authority to require current workforce verification for employers—
- In critical infrastructures; and
- That demonstrate a pattern or practice of immigration law violations and that are already required to participate in the System with respect to newly hired employees
For New Hires and Employees with Expiring Work Authorization
- Would phrase-in use according to the following schedule:
- Effective upon enactment and as already implemented, or no later than 90 days after enactment, whichever is earlier—Federal agencies and departments in the executive, legislative, or judicial branches.
- 1 year after regulations are published—Critical infrastructures.
- 2 years after regulations are published—Employers with more than 5,000 employees.
- 3 years after regulations are published—Employers with more than 500 employees.
- 4 years after regulations are published—All other non-tribal employers.
- 5 years after regulations are published—All employers owned by, or entities of, the government of a Federal-recognized Indian tribe.
- Would permit DHS to require immigration law violators to participate early.
- Would permit employers to volunteer to participate early.
Initial Verification Process
- Would require DHS, in consultation with SSA, to develop—
- Protocols to notify individuals by electronic correspondence or mail when their information is queried through the System, or
- A process for individuals to submit additional queries to the System or notify DHS of potential identity fraud.
- Would require employers to confirm identity and employment authorization within 3 business days of—
- Hire, or
- Expiration of temporary authorization to work.
- Would require the System to provide an immediate confirmation of identity/employment authorization or further action notice.
Contesting a Further Action Notice 1
- Would require employers to notify individuals of further action notices within 3 business days.
- Would require individuals to contact the appropriate Federal agency to contest further action notices within 10 business days.
- Would require DHS, in consultation with SSA and other appropriate Federal agencies, to specify procedures to verify information provided to contest further action notices.
- Would require the System to provide a final confirmation or nonconfirmation within 10 business days, which may be extended by DHS for good cause, of contesting the further action notice.
Authority to Modify the System and Document Verification Requirements
- Would authorize DHS, in consultation with SSA and the AG, to issue regulations implementing, clarifying, and supplementing requirements related to the System.
- Would allow DHS, in consultation with SSA, and after providing an opportunity for public comment, to modify:
- The information an employee must present to an employer;
- The information an employer must present to the System; and,
- Procedures followed by employers with respect to verification.
Employment Verification System Enhancements
- Would require DHS, in consultation with SSA, to establish a secure self-verification procedure to allow a worker seeking to verify his or her employment eligibility to contact the appropriate agency and, in a timely manner, correct or update his or her information.
- Would require DHS, in consultation with SSA to establish, within 18 months of enactment, a program to allow individuals to temporarily suspend or limit the use of their SSNs or other identifying information in the System, and to notify individuals being verified in the System that they can limit the use of their SSNs and how to do so.
- Would require DHS and SSA to establish procedures for identifying and handling situations in which an SSN is subject to "unusual" multiple use in the System, or is suspected to have been compromised by identity fraud.
Administrative Appeals
- Would allow individuals to file administrative appeals with DHS or SSA, as appropriate, within 10 business days of being notified of a nonconfirmation.
- Would provide that filing an appeal would stay the nonconfirmation and employment termination unless DHS or SSA determines that the appeal is frivolous or filed for purposes of delay.
- Would require DHS and SSA to—
- Develop procedures for resolving administrative appeals;
- Accept additional evidence if submitted within 10 business days; and,
- Resolve appeals within 20 business days of submission of all evidence and arguments.
- Would authorize DHS and SSA to extend the appeal filing and evidence submission periods.
- Would not authorize the award of any damages, fees, or costs.
ALJ and Court Review
- Would permit individuals to file complaints with Department of Justice Administrative Law Judges (ALJ) within 30 days of adverse final determinations by SSA or DHS. Such complaints would stay the nonconfirmation.
- Would authorize ALJs to—
- Terminate the nonconfirmation stay; resolve claims of identity theft; compel by subpoena the attendance of witnesses and presentation of evidence; and, reverse the decision of DHS or SSA.
- Order SSA (or DHS) to pay an individual lost wages and reasonable costs and attorneys' fees if the ALJ finds that the nonconfirmation was erroneous based on agency negligence. Such payments would not come out of the OASDI trust funds.
- Would permit individuals to seek review in the U.S. Court of Appeals within 45 days of the ALJ decision.
Public Campaign and Funding
- Would require DHS, in consultation with SSA, the AG, and others, to conduct a public information campaign not later than 3 months after enactment. This campaign would educate employers, employees, and the public about rights and responsibilities related to the System.
- Would authorize appropriations of $40 million for each of the fiscal years 2014 through 2016 for the System and the required public education campaign. This appropriation would not be earmarked for any specific agency or department.
Miscellaneous Provisions Related to the System
- Would require DHS, in consultation with SSA and other Federal and State agencies, to develop policies and procedures to ensure protection of personally identifiable information contained in the records associated with the System, and develop and deploy privacy and security training for Federal and State employees accessing these records.
- Would require DHS to make arrangements to allow employers and employees to use Federal government facilities or other available locations to access the System.
- Would require SSA, DHS, and the Secretary of State to update their information "in a manner that promotes maximum accuracy" and provide for prompt correction of erroneous information in the System.
- Would prohibit use of records or information contained in the System for any purpose other than to verify employment eligibility or to ensure appropriate use of the System.
- Would require DHS, in cooperation with SSA, the AG and other relevant agencies, to establish a Joint Employment Fraud Task Force, which would include personnel of various agencies, including SSA's Office of the Inspector General.
Social Security Act Amendments
- Would codify within the Social Security Act, SSA's role in the System, which would be to compare names, dates of birth, SSNs, and available citizenship data to confirm their validity; and, to determine—
- The correspondence of the name, date of birth, and SSN;
- Whether the name and SSN belong to an individual who is deceased according to SSA records;
- Whether the individual is a U.S. national; and,
- Whether the SSN is not valid for employment.
- Would prohibit SSA from releasing an individual's Social Security information to employers, except for notices of confirmation or nonconfirmation and the reason for further action notice.
Social Security Card Changes
- Would require SSA to issue "fraud-resistant, tamper-resistant, wear-resistant, and identity theft-resistant" Social Security cards. Preliminary work to issue such cards would begin no later than180 days after enactment, and no later than 5 years after enactment, all newly issued cards must meet this requirement. Under related provisions, the bill would—
- Would require DHS, in consultation with the AG and the Secretary of Defense, to submit an expenditure plan to Congress that would describe the steps SSA plans to take to create the new card, including the type of equipment needed to produce it; total estimated costs for completion and a fiscal year breakout of detailed costs; the number and type of personnel needed; a detailed production schedule; and, operations and maintenance costs.
- Would appropriate, from the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Trust Fund established by the bill, such sums as may be necessary to implement changes to the card.
- Would restrict the issuance of replacement Social Security cards to 3 per year and 10 per lifetime.
SSN and Card Criminal Penalties
- Would establish new criminal penalties for SSN and card fraud, including fines, imprisonment for not more than 5 years, or both, for—
- Possessing or using a number or card obtained from the Commissioner fraudulently;
- Falsely representing a number as one's own; buying or selling numbers or cards;
- Altering, counterfeiting, or forging a card or using or distributing such a card; and,
- Acquiring or producing a number or card that purports to be an SSN or card.
- Would require SSA to disclose, upon written request, certain information from SSA records to Federal law enforcement agencies investigating criminal violations related to SSN and card fraud.
Reimbursable Agreement between SSA and DHS
- Would require DHS and SSA to enter into and maintain a reimbursable agreement, effective for fiscal years beginning on or after the date of enactment, which would provide funds for the full costs of the Commissioner's responsibilities, including systems and operational costs. 2
- Would require advance reimbursement on a quarterly basis, as well as annual cost accounting and reconciliation, which would be reviewed by DHS and SSA's OIG.
Registered Provisional Immigrants
- Would establish an "RPI" status for undocumented workers present in the United States on or before December 31, 2011. Such status would be valid for 6 years, and would be renewable.
- Would authorize individuals in RPI status to work; provide that they are lawfully present in the United States; and, prohibit their eligibility for Federal means-tested public benefits, including Supplemental Security Income (SSI).
- Would require SSA, in coordination with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), to implement a system for assigning SSNs and issuing Social Security cards to these individuals. Would require DHS to provide SSA the information, from RPI applications, necessary to assign the number, and would permit SSA to use the information to administer SSA programs and as permitted under the Privacy Act and other applicable Federal laws.
- Would allow these individuals to transition to legal permanent resident (LPR) status, provided they prove, among other things, regular employment during RPI status. SSA records, among others, would constitute evidence of employment.
- Would exempt these individuals (and LPRs who transitioned from RPI status) from criminal liability under section 208(e) of the Social Security Act for deceiving SSA about their true identities or for using SSNs on the basis of false information given to SSA.
Blue Card Status
- Would establish a new "Blue Card" status for undocumented workers who perform agricultural work.
- Would authorize individuals in Blue Card status to work; provide that they are lawfully present in the United States; and, prohibit their eligibility for Federal means-tested public benefits, including SSI.
- Exempt these individuals from criminal liability under section 208(e) of the Social Security Act for deceiving SSA about their true identities or for using SSNs on the basis of false information given to SSA.
Nonimmigrant Agricultural Visas
- Would create a new visa category—the W visa—for nonimmigrant agricultural workers coming to the United States to perform temporary work.
- Would repeal the current H-2A visa program.
- Would authorize W visa holders to work and would prohibit their eligibility for Federal means-tested public benefits, including SSI.
Other Nonimmigrant Visa Categories
- Would make changes to numerical visa limits as well as the V and K visas, among others, and would extend the Iraqi and Afghan special immigrant visa programs.
1Under the E-Verify, these notices are known as "tentative nonconfirmations.
2This provision provides full funding for SSA responsibilities under "this section" of the bill. This section, however, deals only with reimbursement and does not include any SSA responsibilities. This is likely a drafting error, and should refer to SSA's responsibilities under section 274A of the Immigration and Nationality Act as amended by this bill (i.e., SSA's responsibilities under the System.


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Fendi Casa pays homage to Italian designer Guglielmo Ulrich and his innovative work, with re-edits of his unique design pieces conceived for the 1938 EUR (Esposizione Universale Roma) buildings in Rome.
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Good for government but not for you
Once again liberals in Washington are decreeing that a job "perk" available to government workers should be denied to those in the private sector.
Since 1985, federal law has permitted public-sector workers who are on the job more than 40 hours a week to choose between being paid time-and-a-half wages for the additional labor, or taking time off with pay as compensation. That can be helpful to employees in any number of situations.
On Wednesday, the House of Representatives approved a bill that would allow workers in the private sector to trade overtime pay for time off from the job weeks or even months after they earn the credit. Current law requires that such "compensatory time off" be used within the pay period. That severely restricts the value of the benefit for workers.
But liberals in the Senate say they will not approve the bill. President Barack Obama has vowed that if it reaches his desk, he will veto it.
Why? As long as safeguards are in effect to ensure employers do not pressure workers to take time off rather than overtime pay, what's the problem? Senators and Obama should give private-sector workers a choice, too.


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Sure, if you assume that whatever is necessary for the fullness of human nature is formed at conception then rational capacities are formed, & by virtue of our assumption of the necessity of the brain for rational thought, the brain begins to form then. A perfect example of circular reasoning.----- Original Message -----From: SchwarzwaldTo: email@example.com: Tuesday, March 17, 2009 9:19 AMSubject: Re: [asa] scientific fact vs. ideology?Heya George,
Alright - then when does the brain 'begin to form'? Because by my sights, that marker happens to be conception. That's precisely where it 'begins to form' as nature (whether conceived the old fashioned way, or by similar-enough scientific meddling) takes its course. Later on it's simply further along the process of formation.
I have to wonder.. if it's not 'a person' - presumably not a child either, since children are persons - what is it? Would someone be justified in calling it a parasite? Nothing more than a blob of cells? A growth, malignant or benign, depending on one's subjective view?
And heya Preston,
Again, 'supernatural' or 'immaterial' does not go away just because there's a dependence on the physical. Aquinas and many others, in past and present, did not believe this. Likely even Descartes didn't believe this. Lewis was not reacting to the idea that human thought and mind may have some (very important) basis in the physical. It was the idea that minds are nothing but the material (particularly, I think, the classical material/'mechanist' view of material), unguided and unintended in any ultimate sense, that he reacted most strongly against. As for computers, the basic concept isn't all that different from Leibniz's mill - and, as impressive as computers are even nowadays, making them the 'basis for reason' in an exclusive sense is fraught with problems. And very often the examples sound compelling because unspoken commitments to the immaterial are snuck in through the back door. (John Searle's particularly known for highlighting this, but others do so as well.) I think Lewis could have easily accepted the idea that the mind has very important and necessary physical bases, but is more than the physical. Then again, probably the only ones who couldn't would be the thoroughgoing physicalists.
And no, I don't think Lewis had any problem with modern science. Probably modern philosophy that often championed (and in the process, heavily abused) science. Particularly since Lewis was around at the height of some considerable abuses of science in the service of aggressive philosophy.
On Tue, Mar 17, 2009 at 7:51 AM, George Murphy <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote:
I would be willing to accept the claim that a functioning brain is a necessary but not sufficient condition for thought. That is a sufficient basis for an argument that before the brain begins to form an embryo is not rational, and therefore not a person, to proceed.----- Original Message -----From: SchwarzwaldTo: email@example.com: Tuesday, March 17, 2009 4:46 AMSubject: Re: [asa] scientific fact vs. ideology?
I'm pretty sure C. S. Lewis was aware of the great scientific discovery that is 'drinking booze has a noticeable effect on subjective experience and reasoning.' More often, the scientifically inclined just don't know enough philosophy on the point.
Moreover, the idea that dualists of all varieties (or even most) don't see the brain as necessary for many/most mental operations doesn't ring true. Hylemorphic dualists would emphatically disagree. As would, I believe, very many dualists of cartesian, property, emergentist, and other varieties. A functioning brain could be a necessary but not sufficient requirement for thought, and 'the classical physical can do it all!' position is fraught with problems, some of which make the "but what about alcohol?" objection pale in comparison.
On Tue, Mar 17, 2009 at 12:43 AM, Preston Garrison <email@example.com> wrote:
""matter cannot think.""'m articulating this well...)
It may depend on your definition of "think." Can computers "think?" They do make decisions. They can even "appear" to be sentient. It may be possible to have a conversation with a computer (over the internet) and not even realize it is not a real person.
There's a flip side to this. Read Dilbert today. Dilbert bemoans the fact that his boss keeps failing the Turing test. When our reason goes bad, do we cease to be human? Is God taking a coffee break? :)
Does Moorad think (by whatever mechanism) that the function of the brain is not necessary for reason? Then why do we get more and more confused as the alcohol concentration in the brain increases? I love C.S. Lewis, but I think he just didn't know enough science on the point.
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"unsubscribe asa" (no quotes) as the body of the message.
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Express. Home of the Daily and Sunday Express.
Krul to see ankle specialist
Newcastle goalkeeper Tim Krul is set to see an ankle specialist on Monday as the Magpies wait to discover the extent of the injury he suffered in Thursday night's Europa League match.
The Holland international was hurt by a Jonathan Cristaldo challenge and hobbled away from the Metalist Stadium on crutches following the 1-0 victory which sent Newcastle through to the last 16.
Newcastle confirmed the 24-year-old underwent a scan on Friday afternoon and will face further tests at the start of next week.
A short statement on the club's official website, www.nufc.co.uk, read: "Newcastle United can confirm that Tim Krul was assessed by club medical staff on Friday and sent for a scan on Friday afternoon after sustaining an ankle injury in Thursday night's Europa League match against Metalist Kharkiv in the Ukraine.
"Krul is now scheduled to see an ankle specialist on Monday for a further assessment, after which time the club should be able to provide another update."
Manager Alan Pardew had initially been hoping Krul would be fit for Sunday's league clash with Southampton, but Friday night's announcement suggests the goalkeeper will not be available.


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Greetings Sunshine,For some reason, care2's green stardoes not seem fitting for you today.So enjoy your dancin' ...With Peace & Love, ~Donald~"Peace is the only battle worth waging"~Albert Camus
On this day of the celebration of your birth, don't forget to take the time to treasure your precious life. Happy Birthday, Sunshine. With Peace & Love, ~ Donald ~


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WASHINGTON – The Lifelike Co., a Colorado manufacturer of toy dolls, bedeviled Bain Capital and Mitt Romney, a losing investment that cost Bain at least $2.1 million.
Now the small, defunct business has grown from an odd blemish on Romney's financial career into a political headache for the presumptive GOP nominee for president. It is among the pieces of evidence that undermine Romney's claim that he did not participate in Bain Capital investing activities after 1999.
Romney served on the Lifelike board from its founding in the mid-1990s until 2001, according to the former governor's financial disclosure forms and other public records. Romney described his responsibility as a board member in his testimony in 2002 before a state panel considering a challenge to his eligibility for the ballot.
In that testimony, he said he was on a "leave of absence'' from Bain since 1999. In his run for president — seeking to deflect Democratic attacks based on Bain's business practices — Romney has revised the description of his departure as "retired,'' with no further role at all in Bain operations or Bain entities. Yet Romney and Bain stuck it out with Lifelike for two more years after early 1999. Bain dumped its dwindling investment at the end of 2001 — the same year Romney's financial disclosures indicate he left — for just $10,000 to $15,000, said an investor who bought the Bain stake.
"I paid them a few dollars for their stock and they wrote it off,'' said Rodney Hawes, a Connecticut investor who was listed as a board member along with Romney. "The game was over by that time. I was hoping it would get revived, and it didn't.''
The Lifelike deal began differently than most big Bain ventures Romney led, because of its small size and its close personal connections to Romney. It ended in bankruptcy and acrimony.
The company was launched by an old friend of Romney's and fellow Mormon from Brigham Young University and Harvard, Reed Wilcox of Littleton, Colo. It also employed Romney's brother-in-law, Roderick Davies, promoting him to vice president in 2000 and placing him on the executive council, according to court records.
Romney provided a personal loan to the company, on top of the Bain stake he helped arrange. He listed interest income from that loan in the range of $10,001 to $20,000 on his 2001 financial disclosure form during his run for governor.
Romney's campaign has emphasized those personal connections to the company, seeking to demonstrate that Romney's presence on the board was not related to the $2.1 million in Bain financing he arranged for Lifelike. The campaign asserts that his involvement in Lifelike does not contradict a 2012 federal financial disclosure statement by Romney that after 1999 he was "not involved in the operations of any Bain Capital entity in any way."
The campaign cites a change of address in 2000, when Lifelike's corporate filings listed Romney's home in Utah — where he was leading the winter Olympics at the time. Previously, Romney's address on Lifelike documents had been listed as the Bain headquarters in the Back Bay.
"This confirms that Mitt Romney was involved with Lifelike in a personal capacity with the company — the founder was a friend from college — and not on behalf of Bain Capital,'' the campaign said in a statement.
"Mitt Romney was a board member of a Colorado-based doll company that by the time of Romney's departure was facing severe challenges and was being wound down. He chose to remain on that company's board in his personal capacity due to his relationship with the company's founder after he left for Salt Lake," Bain responded.
Lifelike occupied a specialty niche in the doll business: 2-foot high replicas of actual children, fashioned using photographs supplied by parents. They sold for $150, under the brand name "My Twinn.''
Lifelike had manufacturing operations in Colorado and Hong Kong, and marketed itself via catalogs mailed to customers. Heavily dependent on seasonal holiday sales, the company suffered setbacks when a supplier failed to deliver dolls on time. The company went through a reshuffling of the board in 2000. Wilcox, who did not return a call seeking comment, was moved off the board of directors.
The deal with a dollmaker began differently than most Bain ventures Mitt Romney led.
In 2001, its catalogs arrived in homes across the country in early September. The Sept. 11 terror attacks stifled demand and destroyed earnings that year, company officials said in court records.
By the end of that season, Bain and Romney were ready to end their relationship with Lifelike. Hawes said he dealt with Bain executives in Boston, not Romney, in negotiating Bain's fire-sale price. Romney, he said, did not appear to be personally involved in Lifelike's management decisions.
"He certainly wasn't running the place. That's for sure,'' said Hawes. "The Olympics was on then.''
With Romney and Bain gone, the company's death spiral accelerated. Davies — the brother of Romney's wife, Ann — was given the job of moving all of Lifelike's operations to China and setting up a new corporation in Bermuda to assume ownership.
But by mid-2003, Davies had departed after a dispute with the company's chief executive. In subsequent litigation initiated by the company, Davies was accused of colluding with Lifelike's suppliers and creditors to start his own company. Davies did not respond to a request for comment.
The company's lawsuit against Davies was suspended when the company was forced into bankruptcy, but not before some exhibits were entered into the record, including a potential witness list that was topped by Romney and his son, Taggart Romney. The documents included desperate pleas from the company's chief executive, Kenneth Thiess, to creditors and potential investors, including a direct e-mail appeal to Tagg Romney just a month after Lifelike had "severed all relationships'' with Tagg's uncle, Davies.
"Tagg, I have no idea where you are with regard to an investment in My Twinn at this time, but in case you still had some interest I didn't want the departure of Rod to be a barrier to further discussions,'' Thiess wrote.
"I am going to pass on any equity investments for now,'' Tagg Romney wrote back. "I hope all goes well for the company.'' Lifelike entered Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceedings six months later.Christopher Rowland can be reached at crowland@
This story has been updated with a response from Bain Capital, which was inadvertently omitted from a previous version.


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Biological Sciences
Research Highlights
February 2005
Proteomics Resource Advisory Committee held yearly meeting at EMSL
The advisory committee for Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Proteomics Research Resource for Integrative Biology held a meeting at the W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory January 21. The Resource is a national user facility established and funded by the National Center for Research Resources component of the National Institutes of Health in 2003. The Resource serves the biomedical research community by developing and integrating new proteomic technologies for collaborative and service studies, disseminating the new technologies, and training scientists in their use. January 21, 2005.
The advisory committee members in attendance were Maria Pallavicini, Chair, University of California Merced; Catherine Costello, Boston University School of Medicine, David Goodlett, University of Washington; and Jay Nelson, Oregon Health and Science University. They heard presentations on research projects, toured EMSL, attended a poster session, and provided feedback at the meeting's end to Resource Director Dick Smith and Associate Director David Camp.
According to Camp, "The close out was particularly positive. The main points and guidelines that the committee shared were regarding positioning the Resource for the upcoming competitive renewal and specific steps that should be taken to strengthen the PNNL Resource activities. No negative feedback was provided."
Nineteen PNNL staff took part in the meeting: Josh Adkins, Gordon Anderson, David Camp, Jon Jacobs, Deep Jaitly, Gary Kiebel, Tao Liu, Eric Livesay, Matthew Monroe, Angela Norbeck, Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic, Kostas Petritis, Weijun Qian, Yufeng Shen, Dick Smith, Eric Strittmatter, Keqi Tang, Aleksey Tolmachev, and Steven Wiley.


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Beyond Ticks and Checkmarks: A Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for the CTI-CFF
Posted on 01 August 2013
Ambitious, multi-sectoral, cross-boundary... there is no shortage of superlatives to qualify the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI-CFF). A multilateral partnership of 6 countries working to sustain marine resources by addressing food security, climate change and marine biodiversity, the initiative has set out a roadmap with milestones to gauge progress. To monitor this, a comprehensive framework is needed.By Catherine Plume, WWF-US
Ambitious, multi-sectoral, cross-boundary... there is no shortage of superlatives to qualify the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI-CFF). A multilateral partnership of 6 countries working to sustain marine resources by addressing food security, climate change and marine biodiversity, the initiative has set out a roadmap with milestones to gauge progress. To monitor this, a comprehensive framework is needed.
To monitor progress, the CTI-CFF has been working towards a common monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework for reporting evolution towards the goals of the 2010-2020 CTI-CFF Regional Plan of Action (RPOA). The RPOA has five overall goals which were established at the first Regional Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) in December 2007. These goals focus on:
- Priority seascapes;
- Ecosystem approach to managing fisheries and other marine resources (EAFM);
- Marine Protected Areas (MPAs);
- Climate Change Adaptation; and
- Threatened Species.
Keeping a close eye on progressIn 2008, a Monitoring and Evaluation Working Group (MEWG) was formed to develop indicators for these goals and to provide a formal mechanism to monitor and report progress towards these goals over time. MEWG has worked with other CTI-CFF working groups to develop, revise and refine indicators and develop an M&E system that includes protocol for data collection, storage, retrieval processing, analysis and reporting.
Since its inception in 2008, the USCTI Support Program (USCTI) and the Coral Triangle Support Partnership (CTSP) have been instrumental in the development of both the Coral Triangle Marine Protected Areas System (CTMPAS) and the Coral Triangle Atlas (CT Atlas, http://ctatlas.reefbase.org). Both of these platforms include national indicators that could be incorporated into a regional M&E system.
Leveraging solid data platforms for the Coral Triangle
CTMPAS systematizes MPA registration and documents management effectiveness ratings, while creating an overarching system of ecologically connected MPA networks. The development of CTMPAS has included:
- a formal review of the status of all MPAs and MPA systems in each CT6 country;
- the publication of a practitioner guide on the principles of MPA design;
- formulation of MPA management effectiveness criteria and guides; and
- formulation and publication of the CTMPAS Framework and Action Plan that has been approved by the CT6. This framework includes mutually agreed-upon regional standards for classifying MPAs according to their level of management effectiveness.
A governance system to oversee data sharing and ownershipThe MEWG has coordinated M&E efforts with staff working on both of these projects to ensure that indicators and M&E methodology are feasible and consistent. A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) has been developed between CT Atlas and each CT6 country that defines the terms of data sharing, including ownership and uses of the data. An important aspect of these MOUs is that no analysis of any data that is not public can be published without the country's permission.
Other database systems, such as those of the Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) may eventually provide another source of data for the CTI-CFF M&E System.
Ongoing refinements through a consultative processThe MEWG has presented regular updates on their progress at the various SOMs held in the region. At a CTI-CFF MEWG workshop held in the Philippines in April 2013, representatives from each of the 6 countries reviewed draft indicators and mapped the flow of M&E data and information at the country level. This mapping exercise identified responsibility centers for data collection and identified capacity gaps.
Defining Indicators and Key Concepts – including "improved livelihoods"As a part of the development of an M&E system, countries identified "improved livelihoods" as a key EAFM indicator and recognized the important linkages between "wellbeing" and a healthy, productive and sustainable marine environment. To that end, CTI-CFF has included a target of "improved income, livelihoods and food security of people in coastal communities across the region through a new sustainable coastal fisheries and poverty reduction initiative" in the EAFM M&E framework. This initiative has been named "COASTFISH" and seeks to document:
- The percent change in average income (fishing and non-fishing) of coastal households as compared to a baseline; and
- Percent contribution of fish to protein requirements.
Meanwhile, another important aspect of the development of this regional M&E system is a regional agreement on definitions for key terms such as "seascape", "EAFM", and "critical habitat". The difficulties of arriving at agreements on these definitions should not be underestimated.
Concerns and Guiding PrinciplesWhile the need for a regional M&E framework is widely accepted across the region, concerns regarding the long-term viability of this framework remain. Specifically:
- There are concerns regarding the willingness of governmental and other agencies to share data. In an attempt to encourage data sharing, the development of regional indicators was based on an analysis of existing country M&E processes. To the extent possible, the regional M&E system will make use of M&E reporting systems that are already in place in each country.
- As the MEWG works towards the institutionalization of M&E within the CTI-CFF, the need for dedicated and knowledgeable staff to manage a regional M&E system has become obvious. To that end, the MEWG is recommending the engagement of a full-time Regional M&E Coordinator who will be responsible for directing, organizing and ensuring the effective flow of information between all involved in measuring CTI-CFF progress toward RPOA goals – including both data providers and users. Concerns have been raised regarding the cost of this Coordinator given that the CTI-CFF is in a start-up phase with limited funds, especially until the CTI-CFF is ratified and becomes a permanent Secretariat. The sustainability of the M&E system is also in question as current USCTI financial support is ending. The German Society for International Cooperation (GIZ) has expressed interest in supporting a M&E Coordinator.
- The MEWG recognizes that where possible, data collection methods should be homogenized to improve comparability. Along those lines, the socioeconomic monitoring needs further clarification. While there was general agreement to use available national official socioeconomic indicators, the MEWG must determine how to aggregate this data into a regional indicator. For now, indicators will be reported on in their current disaggregated form.
Next StepsAn outline for a CTI-CFF M&E System Operations Manual has been approved by the MEWG. The Manual will be oriented to the primary users of the M&E system, and include sections on the development of the M&E process, a description of the objectives and their corresponding indicators as well as a description of the organizational, information, and communication management for M&E. A final version of the Manual should be presented at the next SOM tentatively scheduled to take place in the Philippines in September 2013.
Ultimately, the CTI-CFF M&E System will be housed within the CTI-CFF Secretariat. The CTI-CFF is currently operating as an interim entity until it is ratified by at least 4 of the 6 CT countries. For now, the Philippines is leading the MEWG and will continue to do so. TNC will continue to provide some support to the MEWG, though it will largely be up to the countries to sustain the M&E system until it is transferred to the Permanent Secretariat.


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The history of Pakistan traces back to the beginnings of human life in South Asia. Pakistan is home to the Indus Valley civilization, which is amongst the oldest in the world. Prior to the 1900's, the area of Pakistan was where Muslims ruled over Central and Southern Asia for over 300 years. Today, Pakistan is made up of people from various races including Arabs from after the Islamic expeditions, Persians from Bukhara and Samarkand, Turks from Central Asia and the native Sindhus who were converted to Islam.
Pakistan is one of those few countries in the world which has every kind of geological structure. It has the sea, desert (Sindh & Punjab), green mountains (North West Provice), dry mountains (Balochistan), mountains covered with ice, rivers, rich land to cultivate (Punjab & Sindh), water resources, water falls, forests etc. The North West Frontier Province and Gilgit-Baltistan contain the mountain ranges of the Himalayas, the Karakoram, and the Hindu Kush. Pakistan's highest point is K2, at 8,611 meters, which is the second highest peak in the world, yet one of, if not the toughest peak to try and scale and return back to base camp with your heart still beating. The Punjab province is a flat, alluvial plain whose rivers eventually join the Indus River and flow south to the Arabian Sea. Sindh lies between the Thar Desert the Rann of Kutch to the east, and the Kirthar range to the west. The Balochistan Plateau is arid and surrounded by dry mountains. Pakistan experiences frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe, especially in north and west. And in the northwestern part of Pakistan, the Taliban has leaked over from Afghanistan in the post 9/11 years. They have run campaigns to try and rule over the lawless areas of the country, successfully doing so for a while before the Pakistan military caught on and spit some game their way. Travel for Westerners, especially Americans, in this area is inadvisable as you might just be paying for a nice little weekend ransom on your vacation.
The eastern border with India is also a highly charged, tension filled area. The two sides have been going at it like a bad divorce since the partitioning of India which created the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The Hindu Kush, while one of the most beautiful, awe-inspiring pieces of earth this side of reality, yet surprisingly un-cultivatable, or livable with its high ceiling averaging around 15,000 feet above sea level, has been raged over between the two countries since 1947, leading to both countries to shed absurd amounts of blood over the land, and even a race to build a nuclear weapon to show which country has the biggest balls. Think North and South Korea levels of insanity over nothing, but with at twist of curry and a dust storm or two.


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March 8, 2010
Listen to Audio (35 min.)
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This is part two of a two-part interview discussing highlights from CROI 2010 related to antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected patients. Part one focuses on antiretrovirals in development; part two focuses on already-approved antiretrovirals, the question of when to initiate antiretroviral therapy and the evolution of the CROI meeting itself. You can use the table of contents below to quickly jump from section to section.
Table of Contents
Myles Helfand: From drugs in development, let's move on to drugs that are already on the market. What kind of research was presented here at CROI regarding recent efforts to improve existing treatment options for patients?
Hacking Through a Dense Thicket of Study Results
Joel Gallant: Probably the most important one was the eagerly awaited results of ACTG 5202. This may have been the most confusing presentation at CROI, not because the presenter did a bad job but because, again, they were forced to combine a lot of data into a 10-minute period. This was a study that looked at two things. It looked at Epzicom [abacavir/lamivudine, ABC/3TC, Kivexa] versus Truvada [tenofovir/emtricitabine, TDF/FTC], and it looked at Sustiva [efavirenz, EFV, Stocrin] versus boosted Reyataz [atazanavir, ATV]. Since there were two comparisons, there are four arms: You have Truvada/Sustiva, Truvada/Reyataz, Epzicom/Sustiva and Epzicom/Reyataz. It's a complicated study design.
We had already heard, in Mexico City in 2008, the results of an interim analysis, where the DSMB [Data Safety Monitoring Board] recommended that the patients with a viral load of above 100,000 copies/mL be unblinded as to their nucleoside assignment, because the Epzicom was underperforming. There was a higher rate of virologic failure in that group of patients with high viral loads, and it was suggested that they switch over to Truvada. That's the last we heard, and nobody understood why that had happened. We were all waiting to see the final results.
As you could imagine, in any study comparing four different regimens, with the size of the study, there are going to be a lot of different nuances. The bottom line for me is that this was probably, I think, the first clinical trial that showed that a boosted protease inhibitor [PI] could be as effective as Sustiva. So, in terms of virologic efficacy, boosted Reyataz and Sustiva were pretty much the same. That was true, whether you looked at [whether either drug was taken with] Epzicom or Truvada.
The other thing that I thought was interesting: I think most people assume that because Epzicom didn't do as well as Truvada in the high viral loads, we would see some inkling of that in the lower viral loads -- that we would say, "Well, maybe the differences weren't as big, but Epzicom would still not be as good as Truvada at low viral loads." In fact, that really wasn't true. At the low viral loads, you couldn't see any sign of that earlier failure that we had seen at the high viral loads, making it still very puzzling why we saw that in the earlier analysis.
But there were some differences, mostly favoring Truvada, and that had to do with safety and tolerability. If you looked at the time it took before you got to a significant safety event, if you were taking Epzicom with Sustiva you were more likely to develop one of those events than if you were taking Truvada/Sustiva. It didn't seem to affect the ones who were on Reyataz.
There was also a shorter time to treatment modification if you were on Epzicom, with either Sustiva or Reyataz. Now, a lot of that was probably because of [abacavir (ABC, Ziagen)] hypersensitivity: They weren't doing HLA-B*5701 screening in this study. So you could argue that kind of a difference wouldn't apply today, where we screen people and they don't develop hypersensitivity reactions.
And then, finally, there were greater lipid changes with Epzicom versus Truvada. And there were greater lipid changes with Sustiva. So if you were on Epzicom and Sustiva, it was kind of a double hit, because you had the two drugs that caused the most lipid changes.
On the other hand, the lipid changes that were seen were not affecting the cholesterol HDL [high-density lipoprotein] ratios. So some would argue that, even though there are differences, it's probably of marginal clinical significance.
There are all sorts of other comparisons we could look at, but it gets pretty tricky. I guess one that I should mention, too, is that if you did fail on Sustiva, you were more likely to develop resistance than if you failed on Reyataz. And that's not surprising; we saw that in [ACTG study] 5142, when Sustiva was compared with Kaletra [lopinavir/ritonavir, LPV/r].
So, lots of little nuances here, but I think there are at least some conclusions we could draw from this.
How to Choose Between First-Line Regimens
Myles Helfand: This is a dizzying number of different conclusions. Some of them are potentially conflicting. Adverse events on efavirenz versus atazanavir; high viral load being worse for Epzicom than for Truvada, but not so much at lower viral load levels.
We've got these four or five different regimens that could potentially work really well for first-line therapy. Do you need to literally go to a chalkboard and work out a chart where you're laying out, "OK, so these are all the pluses of this regimen; these are all the minuses"; and then weigh positives and negatives with many different regimens before you make a decision? Or can we somehow simplify this?
Joel Gallant: I think that's what we have guidelines for. Maybe I have a bias, in the sense that I'm on the [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services] guidelines panel [for the treatment of HIV-infected adults and adolescents]. But I think the guidelines panel does this job for you. They sort out the data, and they come up with some recommendations that I think are quite reasonable.
Obviously, the panel will need to go and look at 5202, and a number of the other studies presented at CROI, to make sure that changes aren't required. But I actually think, personally, that the list is a pretty good list right now, for preferred regimens, and that the 5202 results support the current list.
So the current list of preferred regimens is: Truvada plus either boosted Reyataz, boosted Prezista [darunavir, TMC114], Isentress [raltegravir, RAL] or Sustiva (in which case it's Atripla [efavirenz/tenofovir/emtricitabine, EFV/TDF/FTC]). Those four regimens, I think, are the right ones to reach for. But they won't be the right ones for all patients, and that's where you go to the alternative list, which is also a good list of regimens.
"Preferred" vs. "Alternative": What's the Difference?
Myles Helfand: That's actually maybe a point worth emphasizing: The word "alternative" can be, I think -- and maybe has been -- misconstrued by portions of the clinical community to mean, well, maybe you should avoid these drugs. But it seems like what you're saying is, if the preferred drugs work really well, the alternative ones work really well, too; they may just not be the greatest ones to use, because you've got better.
Joel Gallant: Yes. I think the point that the guidelines make is very important. It says the "alternative" regimens may be preferred for some patients. So, for example, if you have a patient with kidney problems, then none of those preferred regimens may be the right choice [due to tenofovir's association with nephrotoxicity], and an Epzicom-based regimen may be preferred for that patient. It doesn't mean you're using a bad regimen. It's kind of saying, if all else is equal, you would pick a preferred regimen; if there is no reason not to pick a preferred regimen, you would pick one of them. But a pregnant woman should be on Kaletra [instead of efavirenz], for example. Somebody with kidney disease should not be on tenofovir. So there are lots of reasons to go to the alternative list. And they are perfectly acceptable regimens. Most of them have shown good efficacy, and it's just an issue of maybe some tolerability differences, and things like that.
Myles Helfand: So, moral of the story, as the biased representative: study the guidelines.
Joel Gallant: Yes, absolutely. And I would say, too, that when you look at the guidelines, don't just look at the tables. People tend to think of the guidelines as a few tables that tell them what to do. But, boy, things are getting complex, and especially the "when to start" question -- where, within the guidelines panel, there are differences of opinion. If you read the text, I think you really will learn a lot, and get a better sense for the nuances and subtleties of what we're recommending.
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|Please note: Knowledge about HIV changes rapidly. Note the date of this summary's publication, and before treating patients or employing any therapies described in these materials, verify all information independently. If you are a patient, please consult a doctor or other medical professional before acting on any of the information presented in this summary. For a complete listing of our most recent conference coverage, click here.
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Browse by Medical Category
Research at Mass General
Given the continuing global burden of infectious disease, the study of host-pathogen interactions is essential for improved therapies that impact human health. We focus on understanding the role of host epigenetic programs that drive innate immune responses to pathogens, how these programs are dysregulated in disease and we how we can harness these mechanisms to boost or subdue immune responses.
The interaction of innate immune cells with pathogens leads to changes in gene expression that elicit our bodies first line of defense against infection. These cell-lineage and signal-specific gene expression programs are primarily governed by epigenetic enzymes that regulate posttranslational modifications on histones. This 'histone code' not only controls the accessibility of the genes to transcription factors, but also serve as docking sites for epigenetic "reader" enzymes that recruit essential transcriptional machinery. Dysregulation of these epigenetic modifiers is a recurrent and sentinel event in malignancy and inflammation. Hence, enzymes that "write", "erase" and "read" the histone code are the most promising and intently pursued targets in drug discovery today.
While much of the histone code is set during cellular differentiation, pathogens and other environmental triggers also induce changes in the epigenetic landscape that govern gene expression programs in mature immune cells. This raises a very fundamental question of how our environment may influence immune cell behavior and gene expression in the short and long term.
My lab currently has two active areas research: 1) Understanding the role of bromodomain-containing family of epigenetic "readers" for gene expression programs following pathogen infection of innate immune cells and 2) the contribution of small non-coding RNAs and their associated proteins to antiviral immunity.
Dr Kate L. Jeffrey is an Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, an Assistant in Immunology at Massachusetts General Hospital and an associated researcher at the Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard. Kate performed her undergraduate studies at the University of Melbourne, Australia, and completed her PhD with Professor Charles Mackay at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research in Sydney, Australia. She then worked as an Immunology editor with Nature Medicine in New York in 2007 before performing her postdoctoral research with Professor Sasha Tarakhovsky at The Rockefeller University in New York. Kate is also co-founder of the New York Imagine Science Film Festival, now in its 7th year in New York City. She started her independent laboratory at MGH in 2012.
Dr. Kate JeffreyGastrointestinal UnitThier 3 WEL-340Massachusetts General Hospital60 Blossom St, Boston, MA 02114Office: 617-643-5887Fax: firstname.lastname@example.com
Group members:
1) We have previously shown that prevention of acetylated histone "reading" by the bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) family with a specific inhibitor markedly reduced inflammatory gene expression and inflammatory responses in vivo. There are however 46 bromodomain-containing proteins in the human genome and while the therapeutic tractability of this protein family is becoming clear, the biological characterization of these proteins, particularly in immune responses, is lacking. We are currently investigating the roles of novel bromodomain proteins in innate immunity.
2) Plants, insects and C.elegans all use non-coding RNA and RNA interference (RNAi) for silencing viral RNA. The key RNAi effector proteins, Dicer and AGO1-4, are functional in mammalian cells and execute RNAi as well as micro (mi)RNA responses for endogenous gene silencing. Whether mammalian cells still use RNAi/miRNA devices for antiviral defense remains a largely unanswered question of innate immunity. It is thought that pattern recognition receptors (PRR)s leading to the production of antiviral cytokines such as type I interferon have made RNAi mechanisms for antiviral immunity redundant. Using knockout mice and RNA sequencing technologies we are unraveling the contribution of this system to mammalian antiviral immunity.
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Asian equity markets suffered heavy losses on Tuesday after Wall Street shares tumbled overnight as weak economic data sparked fears of a slowing U.S. economy.
U.S. stocks saw their worst start to February since 1933 after a manufacturing report heightened concern about the economy before Friday's monthly jobs report. Overall factory activity hit an eight-month low in January as new order growth plunged by the most in 33 years.
In a sign of heightened investor jitters, the CBOE Volatility Index rose above 20 on Monday for the first time in four months, while the yield on the 10-year Treasury note hit a three-month low.
"Suffice to say investors should steer clear of risk assets over the short term as the turmoil does not look like it will be over anytime soon. A combination of tapering, a confluence of country specific emerging market country concerns and weaker growth in China provide the backdrop for a volatile few weeks if not longer, ahead," said analysts at Credit Agricole.
(Read more: Why the stock selloff is more a rumble than rout)


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