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The Next Twenty Years: What Windows 8's Closed Distribution Means for Developers
October 16, 2012 Page 1 of 5
In this highly detailed article which originally appeared on his site, programmer and game industry veteran Casey Muratori takes a long, hard look at what Windows 8's changes will mean for developers not just immediately, but down the road.
For the first time in the history of the PC, Microsoft is rolling out a new Windows ecosystem for which they will be the sole software distributor. If you buy Windows 8, the only place you will be able to download software that integrates with its new user interface will be the official Windows Store. Microsoft will have complete control over what software will be allowed there.
Microsoft has stated that applications for the older desktop interface will remain unaffected by these policies. As long as they only use applications that run on the old desktop, users will still be able to buy, sell, develop, and distribute software without interference from Microsoft. Many Windows users have taken this as an assurance that the open distribution model that they enjoy today will still be available in future versions of Windows, and as a result, there has been far less public concern about Windows 8 than there might have otherwise been.
But how realistic is the assumption that the Windows desktop will still be a usable computing platform in the future? And what would be the consequences were it to disappear, leaving Windows users with only the closed software ecosystem introduced in Windows 8?
To answer these questions, this volume of Critical Detail examines the immediate and future effects of Microsoft's current certification requirements, explores in depth what history predicts for the lifespan of the classic Windows desktop, and takes a pragmatic look at whether an open or closed ecosystem would be better for Microsoft as a company.
Game of the Year 2032
According to PC Gamer Magazine, and many sources which agree, PC Game of the Year 2011 was Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim. In a move that surprised absolutely no one, Skyrim for the PC shipped on Windows, not MS-DOS. Even if the developers had wanted to, they couldn't have shipped a modern PC game like Skyrim on DOS because none of the past 15 years of graphics hardware innovation is available there. It's absurd to even consider shipping commercial consumer software on MS-DOS today.
Hypothetically, let's assume it becomes equivalently absurd, 20 years from now, to ship consumer software on Windows desktop. There are no desktop games in 2032, much like there are no DOS games in 2012. Everything runs in some much more refined version of the Windows 8 modern user interface.
Because no software can ship on this future platform without it going through the Windows Store, the team that built Skyrim would have to send it to Microsoft for certification. Then Microsoft would tell them if they could ship it.
Do you know what Microsoft's answer would be?
I do. It would be "no".
This is not speculative; it is certain. Skyrim is a game for adults. It has a PEGI rating of 18. If you read the Windows 8 app certification requirements you will find, in section 5.1:
Your app must not contain adult content, and metadata must be appropriate for everyone. Apps with a rating over PEGI 16, ESRB MATURE, or that contain content that would warrant such a rating, are not allowed.
And that's the end of it. No Skyrim for the Windows Store, unless of course the developers go back and remove all the PEGI 18-rated content.
That's 2011's Game of the Year, banned from the Windows Store. How about 2012? With several highly anticipated games yet to be released, it's anybody's guess which game will be selected. But a random sampling of internet predictions suggests some of the leading contenders are Max Payne 3, The Witcher 2, Mass Effect 3, Assassins Creed 3, Call of Duty: Black Ops 2, and Borderlands 2. Of the four of those that have already shipped and been rated by PEGI, how many could be shipped on Windows Store?
Now, there are certainly many people out there, perhaps even the majority, who believe that games aren't culturally relevant. They are not great art, they might say, and therefore it is irrelevant if a major platform prevented their dissemination.
In the interest of illustrating the importance of an open platform more broadly, let's give our games a cultural facelift. Let's pretend we magically have a bunch of games with content equivalent to no less than the Emmy nominees for 2012 outstanding drama series: Boardwalk Empire, Breaking Bad, Mad Men, Downton Abbey, Homeland, and Game of Thrones.
Odds are that Downton Abbey would be the only one to clearly pass the PEGI rating test, but even if somehow the rest of them did, they'd be banned from the store for a variety of other reasons, such as section 5.3:
Your app must not contain content or functionality that encourages, facilitates, or glamorizes illegal activity.
section 5.6:
Your app must not contain content that encourages, facilitates or glamorizes excessive or irresponsible use of alcohol or tobacco products, drugs or weapons.
or section 5.8:
Your app must not contain excessive or gratuitous profanity.
This vision of a future Windows heavily censored by Microsoft is chilling. But how likely is it to actually occur?
For Windows RT, the version of Windows for low-power tablets and phones, this future begins on October 26th. Each and every Windows RT device sold will only be able to run software from the Windows Store, and all Windows Store apps must follow the certification requirements quoted above, as well as dozens more. Windows RT users won't have 10 or 20 years before they can no longer play the world's most highly acclaimed games on their Windows devices. Those games will have been forbidden from day one.
But for Windows 8 and Windows 8 Pro, the versions that most desktop users will have, the timeline is not yet certain. Unlike Windows RT, these versions include the classic Windows desktop that still supports open distribution. Is it possible, then, that desktop users will never have to experience this future?
A brief examination of Microsoft's own history suggests quite the opposite.
Anatomy of a Microsoft Platform Shift
In the late 1980s, much of the consumer computing world was already using graphical user interfaces. Machines like the Apple Macintosh, Commodore Amiga, and Atari ST had grown dramatically in popularity, and each shipped with a modern graphical operating system pre-installed. PCs, on the other hand, still typically ran MS-DOS, a command-line environment where applications had to individually implement their own rudimentary interfaces.
Despite this drawback, the PC was nonetheless flourishing. Because it was an open hardware platform and had achieved wide adoption in the business space, many of the era's most famous productivity programs -- like Lotus 1-2-3 and WordPerfect -- treated MS-DOS as a flagship business platform.
Then on May 22nd, 1990, Microsoft shipped Windows 3.0. This version of Windows could do something no previous version could: it could run MS-DOS programs alongside native graphical apps. For the first time, people could run standard business applications without leaving a consumer-friendly interface. The Windows GUI itself may not have been as flashy as what was available on other platforms, but it gave people the option of using just one OS for everything, and customers wanted that. Adoption rates soared.
Over the next five years, Microsoft continued adding new APIs to Windows. Although people still developed MS-DOS programs, it became increasingly difficult to ship a business application that didn't integrate with things like the Windows font manager, printing services, standard dialogs, and rich clipboard. Customers came to expect these things, and MS-DOS applications simply couldn't use them.
As most apps either transitioned to native Windows versions or became defunct, games were the one major holdout. They lived and died by performance, and couldn't afford the overhead Windows introduced. But eventually Microsoft found a way to give games the hardware access they needed, and slowly but surely, native Windows games became increasingly common. By the time Windows 2000 was introduced on February 17th, 2000, only 10 years after the release of Windows 3.0, running MS-DOS programs had gone from the key feature that made Windows what it was to a tacked-on compatibility mode only meant to support legacy software. MS-DOS as a platform, and any programs still tied to it, had faded into obscurity.
On July 22nd, 2009, nearly two decades after the release of Windows 3.0, Microsoft introduced the version of Windows most of us use today, Windows 7. If you try to run an MS-DOS application in Windows 7, you get a dialog box that says:
You may still be able to run the program, but you'll have to download and install a special "Windows XP Mode" package from Microsoft's website or use third-party emulation software to even try.
Page 1 of 5


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Transform your photos into one-of-a-kind, hand painted masterpieces!
by Ernie Echols
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The image is near the edges of the product but doesn't cover the entire product. Some of the background color may appear around the outside edges of the image.
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Thank you Gene!!!
So majestic and stately in this pose. Great shot!
Ernie Echols replied:
Thank you Stefania. :)
Thank you Hildegard :)
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Thank you Torfinn :)
Thanks for the Fav Jenny :)
Terrific capture. I see resolve in the eye.
Nice capture with great details.Thanks for sharing.
I have NEVER seen such a great photo of an eagle!
EE, YOUR work is phenomenal. It is clear to me that you are a master artist. I don't know what the big to-do is about.
very nice...lighting..focus..everything
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Beautiful picture of Bald Eagle, one of my favorites, I miss living in Co. Was there for 16 years and there is not more diverse wildlife that the State of Colorado, I miss home. Thank you for sharing u'r beautiful photos
Wowwww.... what a wonderful photograph. Composition, lighting and focus are perfect.
An exceptional capture- great detail! Stumbled.
Awesome capture of a magnificent bird. Great profile!
Just great, Ernie! Love it!
Average Rating (4.26 Stars):
Jane Benton
April 18th, 2019
A Bald Eagle.
ALL IMAGES ARE COPYRIGHT OF THE ARTIST Ernie Echols a fine artist who resides in the great state of Colorado. He is drawn in by the inspiration of the beautiful nature and scenery surrounding him. Ernie has found deep and devoted ways to express his talents through his inspirations. His talents are well defined in his wildlife and nature photography. He spends most of his free time searching for that special shot and his ability to get up close to wildlife enables him to capture unique photos. He always manages to capture the expressions and moods in the faces of wildlife. Broadening his horizons he has developed a unique style of digital painting. He renders digital paintings that create strokes of beauty and textures sure to...
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Tone Trump - West Philly is Back Freestyle
"West Philly is Back Freestyle is off "Everybody Hates Tony" Mixtape! NEW Mixtape "Worldstar Tony" koming Aug 1st!"
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Highschool Basketball Talent Of The Week: 6'7" Mickey Mitchell Is Nice!
"The Texas Titans 16U won the Nike EYBL Peach Jam Championship. " - Ballislife.com
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Back in June, I received a lovely package from Nolet's gin. The company was starting a promotional program they call Garden to Cocktail. The idea is to pair their Silver Dry Gin with a different ingredient each month and use the special ingredient to create new and interesting cocktails.
The first ingredient they sent me was feijoa (along with a promotional bottle of the gin, of course), and I must admit, I was stumped. I had never heard of feijoa prior to this.
So I bumped around online for a bit to see what I could find out. I asked Twitter, I inquired on Facebook. I even foodpickled. I got great answers from people about what feijoa is and what it tastes like, but I was still stumped. (Some bloggers received a recipe card from Nolet, featuring a drink using the gin and feijoa; not only was the recipe card missing from my box, but I generally don't like simply republishing cocktail recipes sent me in promotional materials, so I would have asked around anyway.)
And then I tried the fruit itself. Um … I think the best I can say is, it's not for me. I didn't care for either the flavor or the texture, and I was even less sure how to make a cocktail from it.
But the gin! Oh, the gin is a different story.
the gin!
Nolet's Silver Dry Gin is a fairly new product on the market, so you might not be familiar with it. Made by the Dutch Nolet family, it's the latest recipe from a family who have pursued a 300-year legacy of distilling — first in genever and then, most famously, in vodka. The Nolet family's Ketel One is perhaps one of the most famous vodka brands in the world, and the family has been able to capitalize on that success by investing resources back into gin.
Now, Nolet's gin is an example of what some people call a new-style gin. That means it's less reliant on gin's traditional juniper flavors, pushing the pine qualities of juniper into the background.
I have mixed reactions to these newer types of gin. Some brands do this style very well, and others decidedly less so. In thinking about which brands succeed in this style, I've decided to pay attention to what flavors they emphasize instead of juniper. Some brands, the ones I like least, do very little instead of juniper. In other words, they don't really emphasize anything. At best, they have a watered-down gin, and at worst, they have a mislabeled vodka.
Nolet takes a different approach, luckily. The family has crafted a gin with a soft, floral, and somewhat fruity flavor profile–the botanical blend includes such unlikely ingredients as rose, peach, and raspberry.
I was intrigued by the flavor on its own, so I tried it in a couple of different types of martini. First, I mixed my version of a "dry" martini: 5 parts gin to 1 part vermouth. (It's hard to use the word "dry" anymore without someone misunderstanding you, so I always clarify what I mean by "dry." Some people say a dry martini contains only a scornful glance at a vermouth bottle, whereas other tipplers say it's anything drier than a 50-50 mix of gin and vermouth.)
In my 5:1 ratio, I found the Nolet to make a delicious martini. Sure, not as juniper-forward as a Tanqueray or Beefeater version, but I'll be honest: I don't always want that. The Nolet is round and creamy, and at 95.2 proof, it carries its flavors handsomely into marriage with vermouth.
I then tried it mixed "wetter," at 2 parts gin to 1 part vermouth. I didn't care for this at all. The gin lost its own character into the vermouth and I felt like I was drinking little of substance. A week later, I tried it again at 5:1 and again loved the martini.
what's next, or, a very lychee dietschy
So having felt that the feijoa was a dud, but loving the Nolet martini, I was eager to see what awaited me in my second shipment. When this arrived, I opened it to find several lychees. This time, I did get the recipe card that Nolet sent, but again, I didn't want to just reproduce that cocktail; I wanted to try something different.
Also, my wife is nine month's pregnant and, for that reason, abstaining from booze. Whenever I mix up a fruity cocktail for myself, I like to make her a dry version when I can.
So I dug around online and found a Serious Eats post from earlier this year, describing a Lychee Soda at the Modern Bar Room in New York. (Disclaimer: I write for Serious Eats.) That sounded very crisp and refreshing, and I knew it would make Jen a lovely NA drink.
So I pureed the lychee, mixed it with some Lavender-Lemon Simple Syrup, from Royal Rose Syrups in Brooklyn (disclaimer: Royal Rose sent me several syrup samples.) Jen's got topped with seltzer water, whereas mine first got a hit of Nolet's and then a seltzer blast.
photo © Jennifer Hess. All rights reserved.
Okay, yum. My only complaint is that I'm out of lychees.


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http://hotwirefoamfactory.com/customer/ ... g_tomy.htm
Above is a link to a 28mm Minas Tirith that I made for myself to game with. It is designed for gaming, and not an exact replica from the book. I was not interested in creating a movie version. It is completely made of foam. It is 5 levels, not 7 levels. I had to make it so that I could store it, as well as play it. I had alot of fun making it, and I think it turned out ok. There are tons of versions out there, and way better than mine, thought I would share. I have been reading Tolkien since I was in the 5th grade back in 1979. It has all the elements of the book version, except that I painted the outer Orthanc wall white, instead of leaving it black. The gates are all on opposite ends. The last gate is inside the cliff that leads to a top 5th gate or tunnel on the Citadel top. I am still working on it, should be completed in 2 weeks. I have about 5000 Harlequin LOTR minis, and plan to set up a large battle for pics. I was thinking about submitting them to Wargames Illustrated as well.
Tom Young


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The Court rejected the "machine or transformation" test as being too narrow; it would seem to exclude things, including business methods, that are "processes" or "methods" under the usual English meanings of those words. But the Court also refers to precedents in Benson, Flook and Diehr (three previous cases), and states that these were used to decide Bilski. It follows that the principles in those precedents are the ones that should generally be applied. Crucially the Court also declined to endorse anything in the State Street decision that originally opened the floodgates to software patents.
The Benson case involved a patent for converting BCD into pure binary. It was held to be an unpatentable abstract idea because the method in the patent was derived from a formula, and so a patent on the method was in effect a patent on the formula.
The Flook case was for a patent on setting alarm thresholds based on a "mathematical algorithm". Again the patent was overturned. In this case a key principle made in the decision was that any mathematical algorithm must be assumed to be "well known". This is a crucial point; a patent can include things that were already known, provided it combines them in a novel way, or with some novel element. The invention has to be considered as a whole, but adding a "trivial post-solution activity" such as setting an alarm wasn't considered to be inventive enough if the formula used was considered to be part of prior art. This means that any "mathematical algorithm" you might come up with is considered as "well known" even if you are the first person to invent it. It can go into a patent, but it doesn't add to the novelty.
Diehr was concerned with a patent for curing rubber. The patent described a machine that measured the mould temperature continuously, pushed the temperature readings through a "mathematical formula" (which was in fact very well known in practice as well as in the narrow legal sense), and opened the mould when the output reached a certain value. The patent was upheld because the novelty lay in the use of continuous measurements to control mould opening, rather than a precomputed delay as had previously been the practice. The fact that a formula was embedded in a computer program as part of the invention did not change this.
So where does this leave software patents? The Court followed the reasoning in the precedents to conclude that since the concept of "hedging" in the Bilski patent was reduced to a mathematical formula in Claim 4, that formula could not be considered a novel contribution. Nothing else in the patent was novel, so they rejected it.
Following this reasoning, it would seem that anything that can be reduced to a "mathematical formula" or "mathematical algorithm" is not patentable. It is possible that Justice Kennedy made a layman's error in his thinking here by assuming that all "mathematical formulae" are concerned with real numbers, as were all the formulae considered in Bilski and the precedents listed.
But of course any computer scientist or mathematician will tell you that this is not true. The whole of discrete mathematics is concerned with mathematical formulae and algorithms that are not related to real numbers.
So it would seem that formulae and algorithms related to discrete mathematics would fall under this rule as well. The Court uses the term "algorithm" and "formula" as synonyms, as indeed they are. To see this, consider the QuickSort algorithm:
- If there are only 0 or 1 items in the list to be sorted then stop.
- Take the first item from the list of things to be sorted. Call this the "pivot".
- Divide the rest of the items into two sublists; (a) those less than the pivot, and (b) the rest.
- Apply this whole algorithm to each of the two sublists from step 3, thereby sorting the sublists.
- Assemble the sorted list by taking the sorted sublist (a), appending the pivot, and then appending the sorted sublist (b).
sort [] = []
sort [x] = [x]
sort (pivot:rest) = sort sublistA ++ [pivot] ++ sort sublistB
where (sublistA, sublistB) = partition (< pivot) rest
This is QuickSort written in Haskell. Every Haskell program has a well-defined translation to a formula in the Lambda Calculus, and the Lambda Calculus is part of mathematics. Haskell is turing-complete, which means that any process that can be written as a sequence of steps for manipulating information of any sort can also be written as a Haskell program. Therefore any such process can be reduced to a "mathematical formula". Since mathematical formulae are not patentable subject matter it follows that no process for manipulating information is patentable subject matter.
It might be argued that the use of the modifier "mathematical" by the Court is an attempt to distinguish mathematical formulae and algorithms from non-mathematical ones. But in reality there is no such distinction.
Merriam-Webster defines mathematics as:
the science of numbers and their operations, interrelations, combinations, generalizations, and abstractions and of space configurations and their structure, measurement, transformations, and generalizationsThis is a poor definition, since it seems to ignore many topics that are conventionally considered part of mathematics even though they have no apparent relationship to numbers, such as graph theory and topology.
The Britannica is rather more useful, defining mathematics as:
So is there a class of algorithms or formulae that is not "mathematical" in nature? Clearly not. If any algorithm can be recast as a formula. If such a formula is a product of logical reasoning then it falls under the ambit of mathematics. Even if we take the more limited definition of Merriam-Webster, Godel showed how any logical statement can be recast as a statement of number theory.
[The] science of structure, order, and relation that has evolved from counting, measuring, and describing the shapes of objects.
It deals with logical reasoning and quantitative calculation. [...]
Another possible objection to my argument is that mathematics is "abstract" while a process is "concrete". But this is a distinction without a difference. It suggests that the algorithm for QuickSort, expressed as a series of steps, is somehow more concrete than the equivalent formulation in Lambda Calculus. Of course any formulation of QuickSort is going to be longer than the typical single line that non-mathematicians think of when presented with the phrase "mathematical formula", but this would imply that patentability is determined by length, which is clearly nonsense. A mathematical formula that takes a dozen pages to write down is still a mathematical formula.
So I have to conclude that anything capable of being expressed as a computer program is not patentable subject matter under US law.
This probably extends to business method patents as well. Since any business method is the manipulation of information, it follows that it can be written as a computer program (and in fact many Internet businesses have been built by doing exactly that). Even if the business method requires human judgement at some point, that judgement can be treated simply as another input to the program.
To return to where I started, the Supreme Court says that business methods are not a-priori unpatentable, since they are processes and methods. Bilski may not have had sufficient novelty once the formula was stripped out, but the Court wanted to allow for the possibility of a set of business methods that were sufficiently novel. However by following the court's own reasoning it is clear that this set is empty.


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'Gangster Squad' -- 2 stars
R; 1:50 running time It's based partially on the real-life 1940s square-off between a secret cadre of Los Angeles Police Department officers and their mobster nemeses, led by the notorious Mickey Cohen. In the opening scene, Cohen, played with scowling Neanderthal relish by Sean Penn, oversees the murder of a soon-to-be-ex-associate. We're up in the Hollywood hills, just behind the sign that still reads "Hollywoodland." The man is pulled apart. In half. Maybe it happened in real life, and maybe it didn't, but launching your gangster picture on such a ridiculous note of bloody excess is certainly a risk. A misguided one. -- Michael PhillipsRead the full "Gangster Squad" movie review
Copyright © 2019, Chicago Tribune


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co-task-mem-alloc &key
initial-contents nelems => pointer
A FLI type specifying the type of the object to be allocated. If type is supplied, pointer-type must not be supplied.
A foreign pointer type specifying the type of the pointer object to be allocated. If pointer-type is supplied, type must not be supplied.
A keyword setting the initial value of every element in the newly allocated object to initial-element .
A list of forms which initialize the contents of each element in the newly allocated object.
An integer specifying how many copies of the object should be allocated. The default value is 1.
The function
calls the C function
to allocate a block of memory. The various arguments are handled in the same way as for the function
(see the
LispWorks Foreign Language Interface User Guide and Reference Manual
Two ways to allocate memory for an integer:
(co-task-mem-alloc :type :int)
(co-task-mem-alloc :pointer-type '(:pointer :int))
LispWorks COM/Automation User Guide and Reference Manual - 19 Dec 2011


text:
You recently visited the dealer websiteFor your convenience you can return to their website at any time by clicking this banner.
The Kit 4 Clubs initiative is a fantastic way to support grassroots rugby and provide much needed playing and training equipment.
Click on your union to find out more about the Kit 4 Clubs scheme and to register with us.


text:
MoReq® is a records management specification published by the DLM Forum that describes "modular requirements for records systems". The latest edition of the MoReq® specification is MoReq2010®.
MoReq2010® aims to provide a comprehensive, but simple and easily understood set of requirements for a records system that is intended to be adaptable and applicable to divergent information and business activities, industry sectors and types of organisation. It avoids a "one size fits all" approach to implementing a records management solution by establishing instead a definition of a common set of core services that are shared by many different types of records system, but which are also modular and flexible, allowing them to be incorporated into highly specialised and dedicated applications that might not previously have been acknowledged as records systems.
From the MoReq2010® Purpose and Objective, section 1.2.1, page 12
About MoReq2010®
The MoReq2010® specification was launched at the DLM Forum meeting and AGM held in Budapest in May 2011, and is freely available for download from this page. The specification is of interest to every person and organisation that needs to keep information and records. It contains functional and non-functional requirements for records systems. A records system is an "information system which captures, manages and provides access to records through time" (ISO 15489-1:2001, 3.17).
MoReq2010® was designed to be a very practical specification. It does not specify any particular solution, instead it outlines the essential elements that a records system should have to ensure that records are properly managed, can be accessed at all times, are retained for as long as they are needed and are properly disposed of once the obligatory retention period has expired. An organisation which implements an records system based on the requirements of MoReq2010® can be assured that its records will be properly managed.
MoReq2010® defines the core functionality required of a records system whether it is deployed into a public body, private organisation, or even the third sector. MoReq2010® is a modular specification which means that the specification can be extended to allow for specialised application in different jurisdictions, markets and industry sectors. Each organisation that uses it can incorporate into its records management policies those parts of the specification that are relevant and applicable to the type of organisation and help the organisation to comply to regulatory requirements within its business sector.
A living specification
MoReq® is a living specification under constant development. The original MoReq® specification was published by the DLM Forum and the European Commission in 2001, MoReq2® was published in 2008 and MoReq2010® was published in 2011.
Get involved
You can get involved with MoReq® in a number of ways:
- Help to promote MoReq® in your workplace or office - see and download the Executive Summary here
- If you are a trainer or consultant you may wish to offer educational services and advice that include the MoReq® specification - see how to Become a MoReq Educator here
- You may wish to promote the MoReq® specification in your native language - you can find translations of MoReq here or learn how to Become a MoReq Translator here
- If you are a supplier of records management products or services then will want to ensure that your solutions are compatible with MoReq® - you can learn more about testing and certification here
- If your organisation is independent and can provide testing or quality assurance services then you may want to consider becoming an accredited MoReq® Test Centre here
Regardless of your line of business you can always join the DLM Forum and become involved in the ongoing MoReq® Work Programme. Get involved and help to define the future direction of MoReq®.


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Hydraulic systems a generation ago featured valves that were either threaded for pipe and tube mount, or used a flat gasket interface for sub-plate mounting. These systems were bulky, leaky, heavy, and downright messy. Over the last 20 years, however, many line-mounted components have given way to hydraulic integrated circuits (HICs) using cartridge valves mounted in manifolds. Cartridge valves are installed into a hole on a hydraulic manifold (typically a cube-shaped block of aluminum, steel, or cast iron), which contains internal passages to create all connections between the valves and work ports. Some cartridge valves have threaded bodies that screw into the manifold, while others slip into cavities and are held in place by a cover that is bolted down.
In terms of design, the modular capacity of cartridge valves sets them apart from other valves. For example, a single line-mounted D08 directional valve may be used to control a cylinder, while a hydraulic integrated circuit (HIC) employs four or five cartridge valves for the same job. Thus, each cartridge can be optimized for each of the functional aspects of the large single directional valve, such as asymmetrical cylinder flow, pressure intensification, decompression, soft shifting, etc. By making the cylinder's cap end cartridges larger than the rod end cartridges (and changing other functions in a likewise manner), cartridge valves circuits can be significantly more energy efficient.
Cartridge valves provide circuit designers with a wide range of controllable flows. Slip-in cartridges offer high efficiency for flows ranging from 80 to 1600 gpm, and screw-in cartridges from 1 to 200 gpm. Therefore, not only do HICs increase power and control density, but they minimize volume and footprint.
Slip into slip-Ins
Slip-in cartridges are usually the best choice in industrial (stationary) systems, particularly when prerequisites include high flows, high pressures, and high duty cycles. Most slip-in cartridges fall into the two-port poppet-valve category, and they are either fully open or fully closed. These are sometimes referred to as logic valves because of their either-or functionality.
All slip-in cartridge valves are pilot operated, meaning that a small amount of pressurized hydraulic fluid is used to shift the valve open or closed. The trick to designing slip-in cartridge circuits is to understand the importance of pilot pressures within the circuit, be able to read and comprehend pilot circuitry, and ensure pilot pressure is always present.
It's also crucial to understand how orifices control the rates of opening and closing slip-in cartridge valves. Generally, at the circuit-design stage, default orifices that come with covers would be a good place to start. The ability to tune circuits for fast response and low shock by changing the size of control and damping orifices in the covers comes with experience
A slip-in cartridge poppet is normally open, normally closed, and can provide modulated control. Unlike valve spools, poppet valves provide a leak-tight seal when closed. Cartridges that shift from open to closed are directional cartridges, because they either allow flow between ports A to B, or block it. A set of four two-port cartridges can replicate the four-way P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T functions of a directional valve.
Insert and cover construction
Slip-in cartridges have a two-piece construction: The insert slips into the manifold, and a control cover gets bolted onto the surface over the insert to hold it in place. The cover incorporates all the pilot flows and functions that control the poppet inside the insert and behaves as a main stage for the valve. Different inserts and covers serve different hydraulic functions. When designing a relief (or other type of function), the designer must pick a matching relief insert and relief cover.
Atop the cartridge valve cover is a D03 or D05 interface. It allows for sophisticated control of each poppet underneath via specialized D03 and D05 sandwich valves. Building a sandwich control stack for each cartridge requires caution when applying standard 10-gpm D03 valves as pilot control valves for 0.25- to 0.5-gpm cartridge covers. By adding a proportional pilot valve to the cover, the main-stage poppet turns into an electro-proportional valve.
A drawing of slip-in cartridge valves typically shows the insert and cover as separate symbols. Any sandwich valve symbols can be added on top of the cover.
Thanks to the powerful modularity of slip-in cartridge valves, each sub-function can have a dedicated and optimized cartridge, and pilot functions can be controlled modularly from the main stage. Once again, the slip-in cartridge valves' two-piece construction makes this possible. One exception is a valve that includes a poppet position sensor. For example, a proportional flow-control poppet cartridge valve typically has one-piece construction and one symbol in a circuit.
A slip-in cartridge fits into a pocket; common pocket sizes are NG16, NG25, NG32, NG40, NG50, and NG63. NG80 and NG100 sizes are less common, and they require extra attention. Although it's easy to use an NG80 or NG100 valve, manifold manufacturing capabilities tend to be limited for these valve sizes, and lead times on components can be surprisingly long. When drawing up the circuit, it's helpful to label the port on the insert and the pilot-control ports on the cover.
When selecting a slip-in cartridge valve, understand that a valve's flow rating is based on flow of a specific fluid at a specific temperature that produces a specific pressure drop. Although valves are typically rated at 5 bar, this does not mean a valve can't pass higher flow — it will just have a higher ∆P. Still, caution should be exercised when greater flows pass through the valve.
Screw-ins can be shoo-ins
Screw-in cartridge valves screw into threaded cavities and represent a mix between poppet- and spool-type construction. A two-port cavity can accommodate many different types of valves. For example, a C-10-2 cavity can hold a check or relief, or directional cartridge. Other cavities accommodate different valves. Screw-in cartridge valves have single-cage, or one-piece, construction.
Because their capacity starts at very low flows, screw-in cartridges are available as both direct acting and pilot operated. But unlike their slip-in counterparts, pilot-operated screw-in cartridges are self-contained units.
You do not need to match pilot and main stage functions with screw-in cartridge valves. Screw-in cartridge-valves are available in many configurations and with many options, so designers must search through pages and pages of source material to find a specific built-up configuration. After purchase, some screw-in cartridge parts may come in pieces that need to be assembled. For instance, an ac or dc solenoid may ship separately from the valve body.
Two-port screw-in valve cartridges that function like slip-in cartridges are called logic valves. Screw-in cartridges are complete valves for functions, so there's some duplicity in calling out other valve functions. For example, one manufacturer may identify a specific screw-in cartridge as a counterbalance valve, while another manufacturer refers to it as over-center valve.
Construction of screw-in cartridges often takes the form of multi-port valves. Three-, four-, five-, and six-port valves are common for directional functions. Symbolically, they look like line-mounted spool valves. However, they're held in a cage that's screwed into a cavity in a manifold instead of being line mounted. Screw-in cartridges are inexpensive and used extensively in mobile equipment. They have a much smaller footprint than their slip-in cousins, lending themselves to a much more compact manifold. If the valve can handle the flow and pressure, and life expectancy is reasonable, then screw-in cartridge valves become the lowest-cost option. The historical catch, though, has been the cost, time, and risk associated with errors in manifold design, which has drastically changed.
When designing circuits that lend themselves to the screw-in cartridge strengths, line mounted D03, D05 directional and proportional valves often will be used due to pressure ratings, duty cycles, or the unavailability of a screw-in cartridge product or spool type from the vendor. Screw-in cartridges are compelling for lower flows, while multiple slip-in cartridges work better for higher flows.
Key layout considerations
During initial circuit layout, it's important that ports be identified by the 1, 2, 3, 4 naming convention, which represents the numbering of ports starting from the bottom-most port. This convention ties the hydraulic port on the symbol with the physical port in the hole. It ensures that the manifold designer won't connect the valve backwards. Most manufacturers have standard common cavity sizes of 8, 10, 12, 16 and 20. A large degree of interchangeability exists between manufacturers (except for Sun Hydraulics, which has a proprietary cavity standard).
A common problem with cartridge circuits is that designers overlook the additive effect of pressure drop across cartridge valves in series. This can be a source of unintentional energy inefficiency.
It's important to proceed cautiously when specifying flange ports on manifolds for high-pressure and high-flow applications. If a Code 62 flange is called out, it must be clearly communicated to manifold designers, or you could end up with a Code 61 flange.
Care also must be exercised with high-flow SAE O-ring ports. As these ports grow, they get de-rated for pressure. Similar care needs to be exercised by the manifold designer — neither a de-rated SAE construction plug port nor a Code 61 flanged construction port should be used in the manifold when the pressure calls for Code 62.
At the interface between the schematic and manifold design, it's critical to provide complete component information. It's not sufficient to either show D03 on the circuit, or even draw a four-way, two-position, spring-offset valve. The ports must be labeled P, T, A, and B, and the model code must be specified. Without this kind of detail, the manifold can be vulnerable to errors or over-designed to compensate for lack of detail.
For example, the manifold designer needs to know whether to leave enough space for an ac coil (which is short), or a dc coil (which is longer). If a spool feedback is used but not shown symbolically, and the model code isn't called out, chances are good that the manifold will become scrap upon arrival.
When designing an HIC, it's good practice to provide pressure-measurement ports with each of the work ports. It also helps to identify any other part of the circuit that may need pressure monitoring to set a differential valve for calibration or troubleshooting. A measurement port is especially valuable for a prototype. If the manifold goes into production, the measurement port can be eliminated. A good manifold designer will make a construction hole as a measurement port.
Role of software
When designing HICs, it's best to use specialized circuit design software. Some manufacturers offer it for free, and other suites are commercially available. Such software ensures a strong tie-in between the symbol, model-code, geometry, cavity, and port numbers and names. In turn, such circuit intelligence is communicated to manifold designers and manifold design software, thus greatly reducing interpretation errors.
After completion of the circuit and creation of a bill of materials (BOM), the manifold is designed either in-house, by a valve OEM, or by an independent manifold manufacturing house that offers design capability. AutoCAD ruled the roost in manifold design until about 2000. But 3D CAD began to emerge in the 1990s, which ultimately led to the widespread adoption of Autodesk Inventor 3D and SolidWorks 3D platforms. Most U.S. manifold designers now use these two platforms that have been equipped with specialized manifold design software. A few valve OEMs use Pro-Engineer and Unigraphics CAD platforms.
These CAD platforms allow vivid visualization of the manifold as it's being created, resulting in efficient and compact designs. Specialized manifold design software ensures correct connectivity, sufficient clearance between holes, and produces accurate and automated machining instruction.
Migration to HICs
Three macro trends have enabled the rapid growth of HICs. The first is the cartridge valve's rise from being low-duty-cycle, low-pressure, mobile technology to a more mainstream industrial hydraulic segment. The second trend has been the arrival and widespread adoption of 3D CAD and specialized manifold design software, which has facilitated design. The third has been the adoption of computer numerical control (CNC) machining for manifolds, which has driven down the cost and increased the availability of manifolds.
The upsurge occurring in this sub-segment drives technology and innovation, which further drives growth. This cycle will continue, with the emergence of better cartridge valve and application engineering software tools and the adoption of highly automated, web-based, while-you-wait manifold design software.
Yudhishthira (Yudi) Raina is president and co-founder of VEST Inc. For more information, call (248) 649-9550 or visit www.vestusa.com.


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BAGLAMUKHI PICTURE REMEDY OF GURU CHANDAL YOGA facing Guru Chandalyoga related any problem then u have to do must guruchandal yoga shanti yagya anushantan by Maa Baglamukhi and Maa Chinnmasta Mahavidhya sadhak as soon as possible not any pandit because it's will be not effected the poojen ofpandit.after the yagya anushantan u wore onGuruchandal yoga muktisidh kavach on ur neck and worship the Maa Baglamukhi and Maa Chinnmasta sidh yantra everday without any break.when u have to do above process then u see soonley improvement in ur life and be happy.but before doing above yagya anushatan ur trust is important us any sadhak. It's will be complete process of minimum Days & maximum 21 Days(it's will be depend according to ur Horoscope Guru chandal yoga position & what he give u evil effect in ur life.Before chanting mantra & Anushtaan process u have to give me sankalpa (means right to do ur mantra chanting and worship of Rahu and Ketu then I will be started ur worship of yoga Guru Chandal yoga.
If u want to remove of Guru Chandal Yoga bad effect in ur whole life then u have to do must< Guru Chandal shanti Yagya Anushtaan by sadhak of Shridusmahavidhya Maa Baglamukhi yagya ansushatanby chanting of mantra min 1,25000 times by sadhak and everyday mantras chanting 10th part do yagya ansutan after then complete process last day u have to do purnaya ahute yagya anshutan with sadhak. when complete above process yagya anshutan u wore on ur neck kaalsarpyog mukti kavch with sidh rudkrsha kavach because MAA DHOOMAVATI IS a lord mother of"KETU MAHARAAJ PLANETS"MAA CHINNMASTAMaa BAGLAMUKHI is lord of Jupiter & Mars planets due this remove to ur Guru Chandal yoga .Because she all goddess combined Anushtaan will be started when u get me sankalpa of ur Guru Chandal yog poojen.if ur Horoscope creat Guru Chandal yog due to Rahu with Guru (Jupiter) conjunction then we will do anushtaan of Maa Baglamukhi with Maa Chhinmasta.but when ur Horoscope creat Guru Chandal yoga due to Ketu with Guru (Jupiter planets)Conjunction then we will do anushtaan of Maa Dhoomavati with Maa Baglamukhi combined so both mahavidhya mantra chanting and yagya process everyday continue of 11 Day's in Ashram of Kaal Vindhani Kaali Dhaam,Lucknow.


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Antony Starr
Antony Starr images Antony Starr as Lucas kap, hood in 'Banshee' HD wallpaper and background photos
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General Project Thread & Feedback Discuss ideas or issues not pertaining to specific threads.
Posted 08 March 2008 - 04:43 PM
Posted 08 March 2008 - 06:22 PM
Also, if you need a musician for some recorded S2 music, I'm there =P (I was already working on music to use if there ever was a HD version, and for my own use in S2MP3)
Posted 08 March 2008 - 07:59 PM
Posted 08 March 2008 - 08:15 PM
Posted 08 March 2008 - 08:18 PM
Posted 09 March 2008 - 10:55 AM
Sik the hedgehog, on Mar 8 2008, 07:18 PM, said:
He called it "Sonic 2 HD" and didn't cite any improvements other than HD art. Are you thinking of some other game? <_<
At any rate, making a custom version of Gens to swap out graphics seems like a lot less work than completely reimplementing the Sonic engine, though still far from trivial.
Posted 09 March 2008 - 11:07 AM
Besides, there was once a ZX Spectrum emulator (Spec256, I think it was called) that did something similar. It replaced the original graphics (2 colors for each 8x8) with new 256 color graphics you could store externally, so this might be even easier if the palettes are kept the same.
If this is ever coded into a Megadrive emulator, however, I guess it should be constantly checking for any changes on VRAM, and then loading the tile that corresponds with the low-res one, so it might run quite slowly. Also, since the colors would be the same, it would be needed to pay attention when the original tiles were supposed to use the fake-colors or transparency effects and use the vertical lines as needed.
I think it would be an interesting thing to implement, even though it will be hard to make it look right... But perhaps using filtered graphics as a base would help.
Posted 09 March 2008 - 11:27 AM
Rolken, on Mar 9 2008, 01:55 PM, said:
Sik the hedgehog, on Mar 8 2008, 07:18 PM, said:
He called it "Sonic 2 HD" and didn't cite any improvements other than HD art. Are you thinking of some other game? <_<
He said the idea is based from the Sonic 2 DEz HD hoax. That hoax not only has a higher resolution but some other effects such as lighting.
Posted 09 March 2008 - 03:40 PM
But, this is just an idea. As I said before I'm no coder, I'd need to team up with someone who could program such an engine, and I'd do all the graphics.
Posted 09 March 2008 - 04:02 PM
Posted 09 March 2008 - 04:05 PM
Posted 09 March 2008 - 07:05 PM
Sik the hedgehog, on Mar 9 2008, 10:27 AM, said:
Oh, I see. Interesting.
Vangar, on Mar 9 2008, 02:40 PM, said:
But, this is just an idea. As I said before I'm no coder, I'd need to team up with someone who could program such an engine, and I'd do all the graphics.
I don't think the amount of time and energy a coder would have to invest to get a working product out would be worth doing in the context of graphically upgrading Sonic 2, especially in light of that any inaccuracy in the game mechanics would be magnified due to trying to replicate the same game - in particular, I don't think a "good enough" engine like the 360 one would suffice, though it's been awhile since I looked at it so maybe I'm exaggerating its inadequacies. If anything it would be useful to make a general-purpose Sonic engine with this project as its inaugural implementation. But if you don't have any coding expertise yourself, I'm not really sure where you can go with that. Retro Sonic and E02 are both promising but retain the harsh 8x8 tile limitations and E02 hasn't been updated in years.
Posted 09 March 2008 - 07:38 PM
Posted 09 March 2008 - 11:51 PM
- Collision detection between sprites and the ground, rather then collision selected per pixel.
- A level editor that allows placement of images (perferably 24 bit pngs with alpha channel) into the background, with selectable scroll speeds depending on sonics placement in the level (foreground placement as well)
Then alpha'd white light beams or similar could be placed, giving the effect of the lights in the background of that s2HD image.
I might make a concept in flash, to fully explain how this can be done easily.
Posted 10 March 2008 - 04:06 AM
All we need to do is do this with a MD emulator, and then make the art packs. There's also no real limitation on the pallet - if you're replacing MD tiles with external ones, then those external ones could be anything - even 32bpp RGBA PNG. Sure, it might add CPU consumption over top of the emulator itself, especially if you were to use 32bpp RGBA PNGs and thus required alphablending, but I don't think that'll be a problem for most modern computers (and you could always have more simplified 8bpp tiles as well for slower computers). The only possible issue I could see would be supporting tiles that, on the MD side, use multiple pallets throughout the game - but then again the emulator could check for that and either load the same upgrade tiles with a different pallet, or load entirely different tiles (imagine having EHZ and HTZ with the same basic feel but with subtle differences in the tile art, which would give each zone a little bit more of an independent identity instead of HTZ being "the EHZ clone with a few slight differences").
On a tangent, the same thing could be done but instead of generating a 2D image, the emulator peeks the game's RAM and generates a suitable 3D scene (what I like to call 2.5D, sort of like the Smash Bros. camera angle). This would be more work of course, and each individual game would have to have separate support (the S1 support could be used as a base for S2 and S3/S&K though).
I'd be happy to see both of these happen, and I'd also be willing to test them to make sure that nothing is broken. I'd expect to see the former way before the latter, but either one would be fucking epic.


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Pet Tags
Pet Tag Personalized Dog Tag Marble Print
- One-side aluminum tag with a jump ring
- Made to order
- Available in 3 shapes - circle, bone and heart
- Please add personalization details (pet's name and phone number) at the checkout notes
- Ships internationally from NJ, United States
- Handmade in the USA
- Original artwork by One + Sweet + Orange
Additional Info
Available in 3 shapes:
Round - 1.25 inch diameter
Heart - 1.25 inch width
Bone - 1.5 inch width
Comes with a jump ring for attachment to collar.
Please add your personalization at the CHECKOUT NOTES:
1. Your pet's name
2. Your telephone number (exactly how like to be written), please note we can fit maximum of 2 phone numbers
The artwork is printed on one side using heat activated sublimation inks on high gloss aluminum finish material. Back side is brushed aluminum color.
Ships within 3 to 5 business days USPS First Class Mail service.
No returns or refunds on customized pet tags.


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Trip Ideas
Showing results 1-12 page 1 of 2
Showing results 1-12 page 1 of 2
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Louisana was the site of many significant events in the Civil War, and landmarks around the state have been set aside to commemorate the events and sacrifices made there. These include the site of the Battle of Port Hudson, the Chalmette National Cemetery, the site of the Battle of Pleasant Hill and many other places where re-enactments or commemorations are staged annually. Museums throughout the state hold artifacts, documents and even photos from this crucial period in the nation's history.


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On the road with the Wildcats: New Hanover travels to a state championship game
StarNews high school sports writer Powell Latimer is following New Hanover's boys basketball team on the road as the Wildcats travel to Raleigh for Saturday's state championship game. Check here for updates leading up to Saturday's game. You can also follow along on twitter at @StarNewsVarsity.com. By 2:45 p.m. on Friday, the New Hanover pep band is already playing in front of the school. The student body slowly files outside, filling the front lawn. They wait eagerly to see the… Read More »


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New Onsale Honda Jazz 2009-2012 77900-TA0-H21 Clock Spring
Replacement Part Number:
or 4 fortnightly payments of $23.37 with More info
The airbag clock spring is a coil that withdraws and extends inside its housing as the steering wheel turns. Its role is to maintain electrical coherence for all the components on the drivers airbag such as the airbag safety system, radio volume and station selections, horn and cruise controls. A clock spring can become faulty when wires become worn and break causing a short or open circuit. This can cause the airbag warning light to come on. Horn, radio controls and cruise controls can also stop as well.
Since the clock spring is responsible for two safety devices including the horn and airbag safety system, it is highly advised to replace a faulty clock spring with a new unit as soon as possible. Now includes 2 years warranty.
Please double check the vehicle's original clock spring part number before purchasing this part
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text: http://www.top500.org/stats/list/32/os should give you some idea of what the big`ins are using. Well at least outside the 77% that simply say they are using "Linux". Seems that about 5% were using CNK/SLES 9 as of the last list. Steven A. Herborn U.S. Naval Academy Advanced Research Computing 410-293-6480 (Desk) 757-418-0505 (Cell) -----Original Message----- From: beowulf-bounces at beowulf.org [mailto:beowulf-bounces at beowulf.org] On Behalf Of Rahul Nabar Sent: Monday, April 06, 2009 1:32 PM To: Jan Heichler Cc: beowulf at beowulf.org; Chris Samuel Subject: Re: Re[2]: [Beowulf] Repeated Dell SC1435 crash / hang. How to get the vendor to resolve the issue when 20% of the servers fail in firstyear? On Mon, Apr 6, 2009 at 11:58 AM, Jan Heichler <jan.heichler at gmx.net> wrote: > I See that ScientificLinux has a huge community using it - at least in > Europe. Some big research institutes are using it (CERN for example) - > some projects set it as the default distro (D-Grid - a german GRID project). > > So i don't see you point here ;-) Thanks Jan! No point at all! :) I don't mean in any way to belittle ScientificLinux or any other distros. I have no axe to grind! [I haven't even used SciLinux much; I did hate ComputeNodeLinux because it did not allow for dynamic linking (out of the box) which made life a nightmare with my Python applications! Correct me if I am wrong; CNL users; I am not disputing that this might have a reason but it was just a feature I did not need.] Just making the point that CentOS (IMHO) is as good or bad a choice and I wish the vendor's let me peacefully live with it! :) To each his own Distro (within reasonable bounds). A minor point (very subjective, of course) that makes me prefer one distro over another is the user-base size.How big is the usage of ScientificLinux, vs CentOS vs RHEL vs ComputeNodeLinux? I tried to get figures but I don't have good numbers. {note I left Fedora out since many users reported that it may not be the most stable one and typical Fedora users might be of a different profile that what matches a Beowulf application} In general it is my naive opinion that the number of users of an project in the *Open Source Community* is well correlated with its "bug-freeness" and ease of obtaining help from fellow users. Of course, I do pay the penalty of not having a customized kernel and the attendant performance hits (maybe). Just a personal choice I guess. -- Rahul _______________________________________________ Beowulf mailing list, Beowulf at beowulf.org sponsored by Penguin Computing To change your subscription (digest mode or unsubscribe) visit http://www.beowulf.org/mailman/listinfo/beowulf


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March 16, 2005
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. - The MIT men's lacrosse team fell to nationally-ranked No. 9 Tufts University, 18-3, on Saturday. Jonathan Stolmeier paced the Engineers (0-1) with two goals while Paul Steiner recorded the third tally for Tech.
The Jumbos rattled off 12 unanswered goals during the first 20 minutes of the game. MIT ended the shutout with 2:48 remaining in the second period, when Tyler Sorba set up Steiner for the goal. One minute later, the Engineers struck again, with Stolmeier connecting on a pass from Patrick Bossi.
Tufts tacked on six more goals as it held Tech scoreless for a majority of the second half. Stolmeier ended the drought by scoring with 1:29 left in the game.
In the net, Christopher Ng collected 17 saves for MIT.


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Major victory as Russia bans trade in harp seal skins
I'm thrilled to tell you that the door to one of the largest markets for seal products has now been slammed shut – the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and the Russian Federation has banned the import and export of harp seal skins. It's the biggest victory in the campaign to end commercial sealing since the European Union (EU) banned non-Inuit seal products, and we could not ask for a more wonderful holiday gift for everyone who has fought so hard with IFAW to protect seals.
According to the Government of Canada, Russia receives up to 90% of Canada's exports of seal pelts. In 2009, the same year that the EU banned non-Inuit seal products, Russia ended its own hunt for harp seals in the White Sea and Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin called it a "bloody industry" and something that "should have been banned years ago."
IFAW's campaign efforts have a history of successes in Russia, beginning with our efforts to end the slaughter of whitecoat seal pups by helicopter in the White Sea. Our teams observed and documented the Russian harp seal hunt in the White Sea in 1995 for the first time, and we were the first organization to campaign to end the Russian seal slaughter. Documentaries of the White Sea hunt were produced and widely shown on Russian television, along with photos and news articles. Thanks to IFAW, the Russian seal hunt could not remain hidden, and this cruel slaughter soon became public knowledge. IFAW's exposure of subsidies to the Russian seal hunt, and the growing lack of demand for whitecoat seal products, added further strength to the campaign.
In 2008, ongoing IFAW support of aerial surveys and scientific research began to reveal an alarming decrease in the harp seal population in the White Sea, and IFAW was quick to bring our concerns to the attention of Russian public, media, and policymakers. In 2008 our campaign reached a tipping point as IFAW delivered petitions signed by 400,000 people to the Russian government. In 2009 anti-sealing protests were held in Moscow and 25 other Russian cities, and Russia ultimately ended its commercial harp seal hunt. At the time, Russia's Minister of Natural Resources Yury Trutnev said, "The bloody seal slaughter, the killing of the defenseless animals, which can't be even called a 'hunt,' is now prohibited in Russia as it is in most developed countries. It is a serious step towards the conservation of biodiversity in Russia."
The Belarus-Kazakhstan-Russian trade ban is a significant victory that should be celebrated by all concerned with animal welfare and wildlife conservation. The full implications of this ban, with Russia's recent accession to the WTO, remain to be seen. With the Russian market closed to harp seal fur products, and a long-promised deal to export seal meat to China at risk due to concerns over food security, the future looks bleaker than ever for the dying Canadian sealing industry. The time has come to acknowledge that the world does not want, nor need, cruel seal products. It is time to stop commercial seal hunting once and for all.
Timeline of shrinking markets
- 1972 US Congress passes Marine Mammal Protection Act, which bans the importation of seal products.
- 1983 IFAW helps win crucial ban in Europe on importation of "whitecoat" harp seal and blueback hooded seal products.
- 1987 Canadian Government bans commercial hunting of whitecoats and bluebacks in Canadian waters.
- 1990 With IFAW's involvement, South Africa ends the hunt for Cape fur seals.
- 2006 Mexico bans the import and export of marine mammals, including seals.
- 2007 IFAW campaigns result in Belgium and the Netherlands adopting national bans on the import of seal products.
- 2009 Russia bans the killing of harp seal pups under 12 months of age.
- 2009 European Union bans the import of all seal products, with an exemption for Inuit-derived skins.
- 2010 IFAW continues its fight to protect the EU ban, and continues to expose the cruelty of commercial hunts to governments around the world.
- 2011 Deal between Canada and China to allow export of seal meat products postponed
- 2011 Belarus, Kazakhstan, and the Russian Federation ban the import and export fur skins of harp seals and their whitecoat pups


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Kelly Rowland Poses in Flowery and Metallic Couture for Marie Claire U.K.
The U.K. has embraced former Destiny's Child member Kelly Rowland as its own. She should apply for dual citizenship! Rowland is a megastar across the pond, serving as a judge on 'X Factor' and regularly gracing the covers of U.K. magazines like Cosmo. Next up? The January 2012 issue of Marie Claire.
Kel's sexy, skin-hugging style always comes into play when she poses for publications. She is wearing a short, silvery, metallic shift on the cover, with her hand perched on her hip. Her signature stick straight hair and bangs frame her pretty face, and the rest of the super sexy spread follows suit. It features the singer in a variety of come hither poses.
In the spread, Rowland is pictured kneeling on an antique and expensive looking marble-topped table in poofy-skirted, black, ballerina dress with killer heels. Rowland is also wrapped in a flowery, magenta confection that mimics rose petals. She likes things short, textured and made of atypical fabrics and materials. Who needs cotton or jersey when you can have metals and petals?
In her chat with Marie Claire, she talks about her friend Beyonce's pregnancy, saying that seeing Bey's baby bump isn't causing her own maternal clock to tick like a bomb. She can't envision that whole birthing process thing. "I will babysit and change a diaper or two, and then give it back. I do want kids, but every time I think about a little person growing inside of me and getting bigger and bigger and then having to come out…. a watermelon coming out of something the size of a lemon is insane to me," Rowland said.
Rowland also mused about her role on the oft controversial reality show 'X Factor,' saying the show is as real as it gets. She said, "What I like is that it's very organic. What you see is what you get. Nothing is fake. We'll agree, we'll disagree and sometimes we have to agree to disagree." She probably learned those interpersonal skills as a member of Destiny's Child.
Rowland also opened up a bit about reuniting with her estranged father, which is set to take place over the holidays. She said, "I'm nervous as hell. I don't want to think about it. We'll see what happens." Good luck with that, Kel!