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Wednesday, September 28, 2011
The lie that launched a writing career
by David Bell
Everyone who leaves a comment today will be entered in a drawing for a free copy of Cemetery Girl, David Bell's critically acclaimed debut novel of psychological suspense. The book tells the story of a family whose daughter disappears when she is 12 and returns when she is 16 – but refuses to tell her parents or police where she has been or who she has been with. The parents' quest for the truth threatens to tear the family apart.
The opening scene of my novel, Cemetery Girl, involves a flashback. The protagonist and narrator, Tom Stuart, remembers something that happened when his daughter, Caitlin, was six years old. She crossed the street without permission and was nearly hit by a car. When confronted with this, Caitlin does something unexpected. She lies. She tells her father that she didn't cross the street and she wasn't nearly hit by a car.
My book is fiction. I don't have a daughter who disappeared. I'm not in a marriage that is falling apart because of my child's disappearance. I don't have a ne'r-do-well half-brother who the police look at with suspicion. So the book is a work of fiction, and little of it is true.
Except for that opening scene.
That really did happen to me.
When I was very little, maybe four years old, I was playing up the street with a group of neighborhood kids. When some of them wanted to cross the street, I went along with them, even though I knew I wasn't supposed to. When I came home, my mom asked me if I had crossed the street without permission.
I lied. I flat-out, bald-faced lied to her.
"No," I said.
Now my mom is no dummy. She's almost eighty now, and she doesn't miss a thing. She certainly didn't miss anything when we were kids. But for some reason—maybe she was tired, maybe she had other things on her mind—she didn't challenge my lie. And I know she knew the truth. I didn't know it at the time, but years later when I looked back, I knew she knew. She was too smart, too vigilant. Why else would she ask me that question unless she knew? She knew. And she let it go.
That slice of my own life went into the book, and it ended up serving as an introduction to the themes and ideas depicted in the rest of the novel: Do we really know the people closest to us? Do we all carry secret desires and thoughts deep within, things we won't share with our closest loved ones? What do parents do when their children start to break away and move beyond parental control? Can we protect our children from everything we want to protect them from?
I've never asked my mom about that moment from my childhood, that first moment I lied to her. Despite her sharpness, I'm not sure she would remember. After all, I suspect it was a bigger event for me than it was for her. For me, it was a watershed moment—I realized I could intentionally lie to someone in order to get away with something. I didn't go on to be a pathological or habitual liar—unless you count fiction writing—but I understood something that day that I hadn't before. Lying was a choice I could make.
But I'd like to think my mom had her own reasons for letting my lie go. Maybe she realized that kids will lie and exert their own independence, and there are limits to what parents can do. I'm the youngest of three children, so my mom had already been to the child-rearing rodeo two other times. She knew what kids could do and how they grew up. Maybe she recognized that letting me think about the lie on my own would provide graver consequences than if she chewed me out. My parents were very good at letting me make my own decisions and suffer my own consequences. It's safe to say I probably feel more guilty about lying to my mom, even all these years later, because she let me stew in my own guilt.
For whatever reason, she left me alone that day. And years later, that moment stayed with me enough to serve as the start of Cemetery Girl. Maybe she wanted to launch me into my career as a writer. For whatever reason she did it, it worked.
David Bell, a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, is a professor of English at Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green. Visit his website at http://www.davidbellnovels.com/. Leave a comment here today for a chance to win a copy of Cemetery Girl!
27 comments:
- The English Teacher said...
Sounds like a fascinating book. I'd like to be entered in your contest.
- September 28, 2011 at 7:05 AM
- Sheila Connolly said...
Was it the first lie you remember telling? (I won't ask if you never lied again.) I tried the same thing out on my mother, albeit in a non-life-threatening case: I told her I hadn't played with her make-up. Forensic evidence contradicted my story.
Both my sister and her son attended Western.
- September 28, 2011 at 9:07 AM
- Front Deck Text said...
I would love to be entered in this contest -- as a professional storyteller, I work with "lies" all the time.
- September 28, 2011 at 9:56 AM
- Elizabeth Zelvin said...
David, ask your mom if she remembers. Even if she doesn't, it'll be an interesting conversation. My mother died 12 years ago at the age of 96, and we talked plenty, but there are things I still wish I had asked her when I could.
- September 28, 2011 at 10:49 AM
it does sound fascinating. and DID you ever lie again?
- September 28, 2011 at 12:12 PM
- Harbingerdc said...
I'd really like to win this book. But, if I don't, I'm still going to read it.
- September 28, 2011 at 12:16 PM
You said you never asked your mother about your lie. I'm sure she doesn't even remember. That was a big deal to you, big enough that you remember it all these years later. But I'm sure that wasn't such a big deal to her.
I'll always remember an incident that happened when I was that age, too. It was and is still a big deal to me. But I'm sure no one but me remembers when I hit my playmate for no reason. I still can't believe I did that. If I ever see him again, I'll apologize. But I'm sure he won't even remember.
- September 28, 2011 at 1:51 PM
- Nancy Adams said...
What a fascinating hook! I definitely will read your book, even if I don't win.
- September 28, 2011 at 2:44 PM
- David Bell Novels said...
Hello everyone! Thanks for all the comments. You know, I have never asked my mom about it. She's almost eighty and in very good mental and physical health. Maybe I will now that it's in the book. She'd probably just roll her eyes at me if I admitted the lie. I'm the baby, so she has to show me mercy!
Have I ever lied again? Every day--I'm a fiction writer. But by and large, I'm pretty honest.
I hope you all enjoy CEMETERY GIRL.
- September 28, 2011 at 2:58 PM
Cemetary Girl sounds like a fascinating story - now I want to read it to find out the ending.
Helen K
- September 28, 2011 at 3:09 PM
- Leslie Budewitz said...
Love the cover -- fascinating premise. Looking forward to a good read!
- September 28, 2011 at 3:13 PM
- David Bell Novels said...
Thanks, Helen and Leslie--I was very lucky with the cover. It's awesome.
- September 28, 2011 at 3:25 PM
- Sandra Parshall said...
It's one of the most intriguing covers I've ever seen.
- September 28, 2011 at 3:37 PM
- Bergman said...
The first lie I remember--or thought worth remembering--was when I figured out there was no Santa. My mother told me that I had to pretend there was one, else I wouldn't get any presents. I was six when learned what my peers still can't grasp into their late twenties--the notion of a necessary fiction. I'm sorry if I spoiled Santa for anybody.
- September 28, 2011 at 3:39 PM
- Allene said...
Sounds like a great book - I would love to win a copy. I found out, at an early age, that lies and story-telling are two separate issues but I never figured out why.
- September 28, 2011 at 5:00 PM
- David Bell Novels said...
If you'd like to see the book trailer for the novel, check it out here:
- September 28, 2011 at 6:06 PM
I am going to have to read this book! Wow. Thanks for the interesting interview.
Thanks for the chance to possibly win it. It is always fun to try.
- September 28, 2011 at 6:47 PM
- Carol M said...
Sounds like your mom is a very smart woman! :)
This sounds like a story I would really enjoy! I, too, love the cover!
Thank you for the giveaway!
- September 28, 2011 at 6:52 PM
Please enter me in the book drawing. Cemetery Girl looks fascinating.
- September 28, 2011 at 7:34 PM
- pennyt said...
I guess we all tried a lie out on our parents - must be part of growing up. Sounds like a fascinating book - please enter my name in the drawing. Thank you.
- September 28, 2011 at 9:47 PM
- Prentiss Garner said...
Sounds like a book I would like.
- September 28, 2011 at 10:04 PM
- Julia Buckley said...
I had just seen your book advertised online and decided to order it when I saw this auspicious post!
- September 28, 2011 at 10:25 PM
- Jody said...
This does sound like a fascinating book. I can remember being completely unable to lie to my mother, but I lied to a teacher once.
- September 29, 2011 at 9:49 AM
- Sandra Parshall said...
Allene is the winner of the free copy of Cemetery Girl. Thanks to everyone who commented -- and the many, many more who read David's guest blog but didn't enter the drawing. I hope you'll all buy his book and/or ask your local library to order it.
- September 29, 2011 at 10:20 AM
- David Bell Novels said...
Congratulations, Allene! Thanks for all the great comments, and I hope you check the book out and let me know what you think!
- September 29, 2011 at 1:40 PM
- jenny milchman said...
I think the moment we realize we can lie to our parents is a kind of fall from grace. We can never undo that knowledge--and we don't necessarily want to have it, although perhaps it also frees us.
Your book sounds fascinating, and if I don't win a copy, I will buy one. Best of luck with the release!
- September 29, 2011 at 4:45 PM
- David Bell Novels said...
Thanks, Jenny! Good point.
- September 30, 2011 at 4:24 PM


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Item 1 of 17
Silas W. Taber's business card, c. 1900Item 10879 info
Aroostook County Historical and Art Museum
John Taber, a blacksmith, brought his family from Old Town to Houlton in about 1865. Silas W. Taber learned blacksmithing from his father and built his own blacksmith shop in 1871. Silas' shop supplied the standard blacksmith's products such as horseshoes and tools and provided metal working services to work any metal implement that need repair. He also built wagons and other conveyances.
This is Silas' business card referring to his invention.

subset: commoncrawl


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Texas Equestrian Center
Added: July 15, 2011 09:51:38 PM | Views: 2 |
Texas Equestrian Center is situated on 45 rolling acres and wooded trails in beautiful Tyler, Texas. We are conveniently located only 1.5 miles from I-20 and a few hassle-free miles (one stop sign away) from one of the largest equestrian facilities in the U.S. and a major show hub, Texas Rose Horse Park. At Texas Equestrian Center, our limited horse boarding services are innovative, competitively priced and popular. The farm manager, with over 28 years of horse experience, personally handles the care of our boarders and lives on-site. This isn't her second or hobby job. And there is no revolving door of new faces or unskilled help on the farm.
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Racetracks & Show Facilities
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Real estate and sports moneyman Donald Sterling is sorry for the racist remarks he made to his girlfriend over the contents of her Instagram account.
The owner of the Los Angeles Clippers apparently did not like the pictures V. Stiviano has posted to her Instagram account. Sterling said on the recording he could not understand why she was "broadcast[ing]" her "association with black people" and told her not to bring her friend Magic Johnson to any Clippers games.
Since the recording landed in the hands of celebrity tabloid TMZ, Sterling has been banned from the NBA, fined $2.5 million dollars, and is the subject of efforts to force the Clippers owner to sell his franchise.
But in a recent interview, Sterling expressed remorse over his words, and asked for absolution.
I'm a good member who made a mistake and I'm apologizing and asking for forgiveness," Sterling told CNN's Anderson Cooper. "Am I entitled to one mistake after 35 years? I love my league… it's a terrible mistake, and I'll never do it again."
Sterling complained of his emotional state over the whole ordeal in the same interview. "I'm so emotionally distraught," he said. "The reason it's hard for me—very hard for me—is that I'm wrong. I caused the problem. I don't know how to correct it.
And so it goes with celebrity apologies. Some are sincerely tendered with much attendant tear-streaked hyperventilation, while others drip with such unambiguous, tar-thick contempt that they actually make matters worse. Indeed, celebrity apologies are like snowflakes—no two are alike. But they all make for fascinating, compelling viewing.
Read ahead to see 10 other examples of memorable apologies from politicians, athletes, actors and more.
By Daniel Bukszpan
Originally posted 16 Jan. 2013 and updated 12 May 2014.


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Unsafe Locking - Randy's Electrical CornerPosted in How To: Electrical on January 17, 2014
You Jeep guys teach me more and more things every day. When I first started writing for Jp, I thought a locker was a smelly thing at the gym or that dusty place I put my books in the first day of school and never looked at again. You can imagine how confused I was when I first heard one of you guys say "air locker."
Of course, when I first heard it I couldn't ask what it was or everyone would have laughed at me. I was on a wheeling trip with one of the other editors and one of the guys was trying to get his Jeep to climb a waterfall when I heard him say, "My air lockers aren't working," which confused me. I mean, what kind of air is so expensive you have to keep it in a locker? And how do you keep the expensive air in the locker from coming out through those little vents? Is that what he meant by his air lockers weren't working? I eventually figured it out, but booooy was I confused for a while there.
Now I know what an air locker is, and I really like them. As you all know, the most popular air locker is the ARB Air Locker. The only thing I don't like about the ARB Air Locker is the way that they have you wiring it up. I mean, OK, I get it, having the front locker come on when you are on the highway is dangerous and the company is just trying to cover its butt, but sometimes you want to have the front locker on and the rear locker off. The company also has you wire the compressor up to your ignition, which is great if all you use the compressor for is the air lockers. But if you use it for filling tires, it's not the best way to go.
I mean, I'm not a huge experienced Jeeper, but I've helped enough Jeepers air back up that I know I don't like breathing exhaust while I'm doing it. If I had the choice, I'd wire the compressor up so that it can come on even when the Jeep is off. I've filled 35s up from 5 to 30 psi with the ARB compressor and the Jeep still starts afterwards, so that isn't a problem. So, I went and dove into the ARB wiring schematic and played with some stuff so I could show you a different way of wiring up the compressor and lockers to be a little more useful in real world situations. Mind you, ARB doesn't suggest that you do it this way.


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Welcome to r/socialism! This is a community to discuss current events in our world from an anti-capitalist perspective and to provide clarity to socialist ideas. We look forward to your participation in our sub but please be respectful as rules are enforced. Are you new to socialist ideas? Please check out our educational materials and wiki.
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Socialism as a political system is defined by democratic and social control of the means of production by the workers for the good of the community rather than capitalist profit, based fundamentally on the abolition of private property relations.
Socialism is also a sociopolitical movement dedicated to the critique and dismantling of exploitative structures, including economic, gendered, ethnic oppression.
Socialism, as a movement, confronts these different systems of oppression as mutually conditioning, intersectional, and/or dialectically related within the current hegemonic order. It seeks to overcome oppression in a holistic manner without neglecting any particular axis so that it might be eliminated and genuine social emancipation may be realized. We recognize that Socialism cannot be achieved while structural oppression continues and workers are divided.


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An estimated 50 million people in the United States alone light up a cigar or cigarette every day. While the vast majority smoke standard-quality products — which certainly don't come cheap — some take their smoking rituals to another level, paying a hefty price for the luxury and relaxation that smoking can provide.
Some companies create promotional products or gimmicks, like the famed $100,000 Lucky Strikes sold in 2007. The cigarettes came in eight carat white gold packages displaying a large diamond and a large ruby — certainly not a smoking habit most people could afford for long. True luxury brands, however, focus on creating quality, not creating a marketing stir.
Here, we take a look at those brands — some of the most expensive and luxurious tobacco products in the world.
By Elizabeth Rocklin with Constance Parten
Posted 28 February, 2011


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Oh, it feels good to write this column. Even a year and a half later than expected.
In February 2010, I wrote a piece about how Kent Treptow, a longtime photographer for the Huntington Beach Independent and its sister papers, had left his job to walk across America.
Kent had set up a blog to record his cross-country trek, and as his day of departure neared, I fired off an easy piece about how he was following his dream, pursuing his bliss and all that.
I call it an easy piece because, let's face it, we columnists can get formulaic sometimes. We look for bright anecdotes and motivational pearls when we're not looking for things to complain about. Once in a while, especially on deadline, a story comes along that almost seems too perfect, and that was definitely the case with Kent.
So, with visions of being Mitch Albom dancing in my head, I gave that column the works. I wove in a pair of seize-the-day quotes my high school English teacher wrote on the board. I waxed philosophical about the slogan of the movie "Braveheart" ("Every man dies; not every man really lives") and pondered whether I had ever followed my dreams as passionately as Kent was about to.
Then, a month later, it all ended in disappointment. Kent ended his trip on the third day when a passing car struck the cart full of belongings he was pulling with him, obliterating the cart and missing Kent by inches. Before long, he wound up back on the photo desk, doing his job brilliantly as always.
But I felt bad for him.
Our culture is so rife with inspirational slogans and self-help tracts that it's easy to forget that sometimes, our dreams do fight a losing battle against reality. Often, what holds us back isn't a lack of courage or imagination, but simply bills, health concerns, family obligations and countless other factors. When Kent returned to his desk, it looked like logic had scored another dispiriting victory.
And then he surprised me. Early this year, Kent announced that he was making another go at walking across America. He had rethought his plan, put the dog in a new home and traded the cart for a backpack. Instead of starting in Orange County and walking to the East Coast, he would start in Maine and make his way back home.
Saturday, he arrived back in Huntington Beach with a crowd of family and friends waiting for him. He celebrated the end of his trek by dramatically kissing a woman — a picture that ended up on his blog — and belly-flopping into the Pacific Ocean.
When I caught up with Kent, needless to say, he had amazing stories to tell. He had walked for 175 days, worn out either 10 or 11 pairs of shoes (he couldn't remember), slept in cornfields, gotten invited to stay in farmhouses. He had a little discomfort from poison oak, but his legs felt fine otherwise.
Had he thought about giving up after the first attempt failed?
Just momentarily, he said.
"I felt like that was it for a day, and then I knew I would do it again," he told me over coffee. "The reasons I wanted to do it were still there."
The bottom line is, pursuing passions can be a risky act, and not one that guarantees success. We remember Amelia Earhart and Steve Irwin as much as Charles Lindbergh and Jane Goodall. Sometimes our plans go smoothly, and sometimes they hit disaster before we know it.
But sometimes, by the margin of a few inches, we get a second chance, and then we can decide whether to retreat or persevere. In Kent's case, he did the latter. As I sit here in the office, writing these words, I thank him for the inspiration.
City Editor MICHAEL MILLER can be reached at (714) 966-4617 or at email@example.com.


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Epoch's most popular Dragonfly is a favorite of players at the highest level of the game. The standard concave geometry offers a familiar feel for players looking to upgrade to a technologically advanced handle.
Generation: Gen.6
Position: Attack/Midfield
Length: 30"
Geometry: Concave
Material: Composite/Carbon Fiber
Flex: iQ5
Top Coat: Slip/Grip
Release Point: Uniform
Technology Platform: A.C.L. with Axis Technology
Torque Box: Yes Reload Technology: Yes
Warranty: 1-Year Dragonfly
Gen. 6:
To develop the Gen.6 Dragonfly, Epoch pushed their engineers harder than ever before. The jump from Gen.5 to Gen.6 is the greatest increase in shaft technology Epoch has ever released. With the introduction of the Torque Box, Epoch has once again reinvented the lacrosse shaft.
Torque Box:
By understanding the dynamics and forces present in lacrosse, Epoch developed Torque Box technology to maintain the continuity of the shaft's geometry and maximize energy transfer to the head during a pass or shot. As a lacrosse shaft moves during the act of shooting, the force generated puts stress on the fibers causing the shaft to flex. As a conventional composite shaft flexes, the natural geometry of the shaft can be compromised initiating ovalization of the shaft, resulting in the loss of energy. Epoch's exclusive Torque Box Technology works by making specific changes to critical carbon fiber layers to minimize this phenomenon. Torque Box technology improves and optimizes the transfer of energy in the shaft, maximizing performance and playability.
Reload Technology:
When passing or shooting, a load is introduced to the shaft causing it to flex back, which causes the carbon fibers to be stretched along the front of the shaft and compressed along the back. Reload Technology takes advantage of this situation by using low F.A.W. (Fiber Areal Weight) and high-modulus carbon fiber, which creates urgency for the fibers to return to their natural position for maximum recoil.
Advanced Carbon Layering:
The key to Epoch technology is its Advanced Carbon Layering (A.C.L.). With Gen.6 Epoch improves the A.C.L vs. previous generations by varying the lengths of the carbon fiber flags (raw material). By focusing the strength through the center of the shaft, weight can be reduced near the ends.
"Kick"Your Game Up: Epoch's Uniform Release point is designed to maximize shaft performance by creating a natural kick-point or flex point just above your top hand, when shooting and passing.


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Small body, also called small solar system body (SSSB), any natural solar system object other than the Sun and the major planets and dwarf planets and their satellites (moons). The small bodies populate the solar system in vast numbers and include the mostly rocky asteroids, or minor planets, the predominantly icy comets, and the fragments of such bodies—commonly called meteoroids—over a continuum of sizes down to microscopic grains known as interplanetary dust particles or micrometeoroids. The term small body is sometimes restricted to objects that can be observed telescopically while still outside Earth's atmosphere. In practice, that results in a lower limit of a few metres on the diameters of small bodies.
The use of meteoroid has expanded to describe any small chunk of matter in interplanetary space, especially one less than a few tens of metres in size. The term formerly was limited to small bodies that were near enough to Earth to eventually enter its atmosphere. In that narrower meaning, meteoroid is usually linked with the terms meteor, meteorite, or both. As a meteoroid travels through the atmosphere, friction heats it up, creating a glowing trail of hot ionized gases (plasma) called a meteor. If the object survives both its passage through the atmosphere and its subsequent impact on the ground, it is called a meteorite. Over 99 percent of meteorites are fragments of asteroids. A small group is known to be of lunar origin, and a second group is generally acknowledged to have come from Mars (see Mars: Meteorites from Mars). There is also reason to believe that some are fragments of the rocky remnants of comets, although that remains to be firmly established.
The largest known small bodies, in the conventional sense, are several icy Kuiper belt objects found orbiting the Sun beyond the orbit of Neptune. Ceres—which is the largest main-belt asteroid and is now considered a dwarf planet—is roughly 950 km (590 miles) in diameter. The distant Kuiper belt object Eris, roughly the same size as Pluto, which has a diameter of about 2,350 km (1,460 miles), is also designated a dwarf planet rather than a small body, as are Haumea and Makemake, both of which have diameters of about 1,450 km (900 miles). These four dwarf planets are known as plutoids. At least four other Kuiper belt objects are also believed to be larger than Ceres. In the 1990s astronomers recognized that Pluto, which has a diameter of about 2,300 km (1,400 miles), is a giant icy leftover from the time when the planets formed. Pluto had been classified as a planet from its discovery in 1930 but was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006. Primarily for historical reasons, the moons of the planets are not considered small bodies. Nevertheless, many moons are asteroid-size or smaller, and some are probably captured asteroids or comet nuclei.
Although small bodies are found throughout the solar system, most of those known are concentrated in several regions. Those regions in which they travel in fairly stable orbits include (1) the main asteroid belt, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, (2) the gravitationally stable points (Lagrangian points) along the orbital paths of Jupiter, Mars, Uranus, Neptune, and Earth where objects called Trojan asteroids are clustered (see celestial mechanics: The restricted three-body problem), (3) the Kuiper belt, a disk-shaped zone of icy bodies whose members are also called trans-Neptunian objects because they all have orbits beyond that of Neptune, and (4) the spherical Oort cloud of icy bodies inferred to be orbiting the Sun at distances typically more than 1,000 times that of Neptune or Pluto. In none of the above categories is Sedna, an object discovered in 2003 in the outer reaches of the solar system that is perhaps as large as 40 percent the size of Pluto. Sedna has a highly elliptical orbit in which its closest approach to the Sun is more than twice that of Neptune—i.e., billions of kilometres beyond the recognized extent of the Kuiper belt; it may be a member of a population of objects lying between the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud.
Other small bodies travel in unstable orbits that cross the paths of one or more of the planets. Those include (1) most observed comets, (2) near-Earth asteroids, most with orbits that cross either Earth's orbit or Mars's orbit and some with orbits that lie mostly or entirely inside Earth's orbit and cross the orbits of Venus or of both Venus and Mercury while closely approaching Earth's, (3) Centaur objects, icy bodies that are thought to have been gravitationally perturbed out of the Kuiper belt and now travel mainly between the orbits of Jupiter and Neptune, and (4) individual idiosyncratic planet-crossing objects such as the asteroid Hidalgo, which travels between the inner edge of the asteroid belt and a point just beyond the orbit of Saturn. All objects in planet-crossing orbits eventually collide with the Sun or a planet or are permanently ejected from the solar system, although some survive for long periods (up to hundreds of millions of years) because of stabilizing resonances.
Essentially all the small bodies are thought to be remnant material from the planet-building process that took place during the formation of the solar system from the solar nebula. (See solar system: Formation of the solar nebula.) Near the hot nascent Sun, closer than Jupiter's present orbit, only the less-volatile high-temperature-freezing-point substances such as metals and silicates could condense from the nebula. Beginning as tiny grains, that material gradually accreted under mutual gravitational influence to become large rocky bodies up to hundreds of kilometres in diameter. Most of those large objects, called planetesimals, ultimately combined to form the dense rocky planets of the inner solar system (Mercury through Mars). In the outer solar system, near Jupiter's present orbit and beyond, temperatures were cool enough to allow abundant volatile substances such as water and carbon dioxide to condense to their ices. Although rocky planetesimals likewise accreted there, the significant additional mass contributed by the ices allowed the growth of the low-density gas-rich outer planets (Jupiter through Neptune).
Nevertheless, in the inner and the outer solar system, there remained rocky bodies and predominantly icy bodies, respectively, that were never incorporated into planets or captured as planetary satellites. It is now believed that many of these bodies were subsequently mixed together and relocated from their formation locations by the migration of the giant planets. Today, in the inner solar system, these remnants are represented chiefly by the asteroids and their fragments; in the outer solar system, by the objects in and derived from the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud. Comets originate, and most are still located, in the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud. Except for the very largest Kuiper belt objects (diameters greater than about 100 km [60 miles]), comets in the Kuiper belt and beyond are unobservable because of their great distances from Earth. It is not until they enter the realm of the planets that they develop comas and tails.
Differences between comets and asteroids
There are several characteristics based on physical differences, location, and orbital properties that traditionally have distinguished comets from asteroids. An object is classified as a comet when it displays "cometary activity"—i.e., a coma or tail (or any evidence of gas or dust coming from it). Objects in the Oort cloud, although they may not all have formed in their present location, are considered to be comet nuclei. Because of their great distance from the Sun, they do not display cometary activity. Nevertheless, they are believed to be made of the same volatile material as the observed comets and so have the potential to become active. Finally, any object on a nonreturning (parabolic or hyperbolic) orbit is generally considered to be a comet.
Although such distinctions apply most of the time, they are not always sufficient to classify an individual object as an asteroid or a comet. For example, an object found to be receding from the Sun on a nonreturning orbit and displaying no cometary activity could be a comet, or it could be a planet-crossing asteroid being ejected from the solar system after a close encounter with a planet, most likely Jupiter. Again, objects on some planet-crossing orbits may have originated in either the Kuiper belt or the asteroid belt. Unless such an object reveals itself by displaying cometary activity, there is usually no way to determine its origin and thus to classify it unequivocally. The object may have formed as an icy body but lost its volatile materials during a series of passes into the inner solar system. Its burned-out remnant of rocky material would presently have more physical characteristics in common with asteroids than with other comets.
One small body group with both cometary and asteroidal characteristics is that of the main-belt comets (or active asteroids). The first group member, 133P/(7968) Elst-Pizarro, was discovered in 1996, when that "asteroid's" cometlike activity was first noted. Main-belt comets have orbits in the main asteroid belt but, like comets, have comae and tails.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
astronomy: Study of the solar system…much smaller objects collectively called small bodies. The small bodies, roughly in order of decreasing size, are the asteroids, or minor planets; comets, including Kuiper belt, Centaur, and Oort cloud objects; meteoroids; and interplanetary dust particles. Because of their starlike appearance when discovered, the…
solar system: The small bodiesAt some point after most of the matter in the solar nebula had formed discrete objects, a sudden increase in the intensity of the solar wind apparently cleared the remaining gas and dust out of the system. Astronomers have found evidence of such…
Kuiper belt
…belt, flat ring of icy small bodies that revolve around the Sun beyond the orbit of the planet Neptune. It was named for the Dutch American astronomer Gerard P. Kuiper and comprises hundreds of millions of objects—presumed to be leftovers from the formation of the outer planets—whose orbits lie close…
Oort cloud…roughly spherical cloud of icy small bodies that are inferred to revolve around the Sun at distances typically more than 1,000 times that of the orbit of Neptune, the outermost known major planet. Named for the Dutch astronomer Jan Oort, who demonstrated its existence, the Oort cloud comprises objects that…
Centaur object…any of a population of small bodies, similar to asteroids in size but to comets in composition, that revolve around the Sun in the outer solar system, mainly between the orbits of Jupiter and Neptune. The first known member of the group,…
More About Small body7 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- major reference
- composition of solar system
classification of
- Centaur objects
- Chiron
- In Chiron
origins in
- Kuiper belt
- In Kuiper belt
- Oort cloud
- In Oort cloud


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Has Time Run Out For Watches?
In the annals of horology, the Graves Supercomplication, an 18-carat gold double dial pocket watch is undeniably a masterpiece of watchmaking. Commissioned around 1925 by the secretive New York financier Henry Graves, Jr., in a bid to one-up his rival, the watch collector and auto magnate James Ward Packard, it took Patek Philippe nearly eight years to design and build. Intricately constructed of 900 components – most no bigger than a grain of rice – the timepiece boasts 24 "complications" (functions outside of timekeeping), making it the most complicated watch of the period.
Depending on the direction pushed, a thrust of its triple winding crown set mean time (based on the motion of the sun), sidereal time (based on earth's relation to the stars), or an alarm. In addition to a different chronological function for each hour of the day, the watch featured a perpetual calendar (requiring resetting only in the year 2100), a split-second chronograph, indications for the exact time of sunrise and sunset, and a minute repeater striking the hour, half-hour, and quarter-hour on miniscule gongs playing the Westminster chimes – just like Big Ben. Among its many wonders, undoubtedly the watch's piece de resistance was its celestial chart, with each star measured in precise magnitude, mapping the sky over Manhattan.


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Apartments and Houses for Rent in Whiteland, IN
- Featured
- Price: High to Low
- Price: Low to High
3 Bedrooms
2928 Branch St, Whiteland, IN 46184
Single family house in Whiteland
How much rent can I afford?
Renters on Doorsteps spend an average of 33% of their income on rent.Calculate Monthly Rent
- New - 34 hours ago
3 Bedrooms
716 Hickory Pine Dr, Whiteland, IN 46184
Single family house in Whiteland
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3223 Bristlecone Ct, Whiteland, IN 46184
Single family house in Whiteland
4 Bedrooms
29 Lasalle Ct, Whiteland, IN 46184
Single family house in Whiteland
3 Bedrooms
3142 Limber Pine Dr, Whiteland, IN 46184
Single family house in Whiteland
3 Bedrooms
700 Wheat Field Ln, New Whiteland, IN 46184
Single family house in New Whiteland
243 Tracy Rd
3 Bedrooms
243 Tracy Rd, New Whiteland, IN 46184
Single family house in New Whiteland
Articles in Indianapolis, IN
5 Best Dinner Spots in Indianapolis
5 Best Dinner Spots in Indianapolis
Indianapolis offers so many local hot spots you truly have no reason to dine at a chain ever again. With casual and upscale options in just about every neighborhood in the city, there's a great choice for any budget no matter what you're craving.
How to Become a True Local in Indianapolis
How to Become a True Local in Indianapolis
As you get to know Indianapolis, you'll be pleased to find many attractions, events and history that are truly unique to the city and make you feel like a true local. Here are some of the top things to do if you want to feel like you've been born and raised in Indiana—even if you haven't.
3 Best Neighborhoods for a Walkable Lifestyle in Indianapolis
3 Best Neighborhoods for a Walkable Lifestyle in Indianapolis
What Indianapolis may lack in public transportation, it easily makes up for in foot traffic friendly areas. Check out 3 pockets of Indy that support the walkable lifestyle.
Open Doors: Indianapolis' Silver in the City
Open Doors: Indianapolis' Silver in the City
Open Doors, the Doorsteps interview series where local business owners invite us in for a look at their lives, their work and the cities they call home. Let's see what Indianapolis has to offer locals.
What You Can Rent for $1,500 in Indianapolis
What You Can Rent for $1,500 in Indianapolis
One of the best things about moving to Indianapolis is the cost of living; you can get so much for your money! If you're trying to get to know the city, take advantage of the lower rental pricing and get to know the various neighborhoods before you settle down. Here are some of the best areas to get the most bang for your buck.
Browse All Indianapolis Articles
Popular Neighborhoods in Indianapolis, IN
Fountain Square, Indianapolis, IN
Fountain Square
Just 1.5 miles southeast of Downtown, centered around the intersection of Virginia Avenue and Shelby and Prospect Streets, Fountain Square is a thriving residential and commercial district with a range of fun, funky, and fashionable destinations.
Irvington, Indianapolis, IN
Eclectic Irvington, located on Indianapolis's east side, is an affordable option for area renters looking to stretch their dollar a littler further. Residents here enjoy shopping along Washington Street, exploring nearby Ellenberger Park, and commuting just 15 minutes to Downtown.
Butler-Tarkington, Indianapolis, IN
The homes and streets of Butler-Tarkington aren't lacking in character, with unique architectural details dating back to the area's early years. Here you'll find a delightful mix of young families, professionals and retirees who adore its distinctive charm and ample amenities.
Lockerbie Square, Indianapolis, IN
Lockerbie Square
The Lockerbie Square Historic District is one of Indianapolis's oldest communities, where well-preserved homes and buildings maintain a link to the past for the many families who now call the area home.
Mass Avenue, Indianapolis, IN
Mass Avenue
Looking for a night out in Indianapolis? Look no further than Mass Ave., home to many of the city's best eateries, watering holes and nightlife. A thriving theater scene beckons to the area's creative class, which all adds to its reputation as Indy's go-to spot for good times.
Downtown, Indianapolis, IN
Living in Downtown puts the best of Indianapolis at your doorstep. From weekly farmers markets, to walkable shops and restaurants, to some of Indy's best live music and nightlife venues, there's lots to love about life Downtown.
Meridian-Kessler, Indianapolis, IN
A well-kept suburban enclave nestled just north of Downtown, Meridian-Kessler enjoys a pleasant mix of small-town charm and close-in convenience. Amenities include fine restaurants, good schools and a great community — but they don't come cheap.
Broad Ripple, Indianapolis, IN
Broad Ripple
The village of Broad Ripple is among Indy's best arts districts, where a creative and well-educated community resides within its iconic mid-century bungalows. Not lacking for fun, the area boasts many locally owned shops, restaurants and live music venues.
Carmel, Indianapolis, IN
One of the fastest growing communities in the country, popular Carmel is a north Indianapolis suburb home to many of the city's wealthiest residents. Great schools, fine homes and hard-to-beat dining and recreation are just part of what makes the area so desirable.
Browse All 31 Indianapolis Neighborhoods
3 Bedrooms, $1,595
3 Bedrooms, $1,650
4 Bedrooms, $1,595
3 Bedrooms, $1,295
3 Bedrooms, $1,045


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Under $100: Shop Cara Delevingne's Tee, Diane Kruger's Jeans, & More!
Thanks to these stylish celebs with a penchant for thrifty thrills, we've got our May shopping set for the month. Click through now to check out the under $100 clothes and accessories our favorite style-setters are wearing, from Jamie Chung's alluring camisole to Karolina Kurkova's unique textured sneakers.
Camilla Belle
When you just want to throw on a tank and shorts like Belle, leave it to your footwear to pack a punch of personality.
Soludos Animal Print Lace Up Espadrilles ($65)
From the lace-up detail to the animal print, these are not your average espadrilles.
Soludos Animal Print Lace Up Espadrilles ($65)
Cara Delevingne
Nobody can pull off a kitschy Biggie-print shirt like Delevingne, but you can bet we're sure as hell going to try.
Eleven Paris Biggie Tee ($58) in Red
Picture this statement tee with a leather mini skirt and heels.
Eleven Paris Biggie Tee ($58)
Ashley Greene
We have Greene to thank for proving that the right LWD can make your entire outfit.
Peter Som for DesigNation Solid Eyelet Dress ($52) in Antique White
This sweet frock has all the makings of a wardrobe MVP: it's classic, flattering, and affordable to boot.
Peter Som for DesigNation Solid Eyelet Dress ($52)
Diane Kruger
Thanks to Kruger's classic styling, we have all the ingredients in our closet to recreate her look.
Blank NYC Flavor Savor Jeans ($78)
Call off the search—we've officially found our new weekend jeans.
Blank NYC Flavor Savor Jeans ($72)
Emmy Rossum
Rossum looks as sweet as a schoolgirl in her crew-neck sweater and mini skirt.
525 America Cotton Shaker Crop Crew Sweater ($79) in Bleach White; Yosi Samra Cambelle sandals.
Diagonal stitching details make this simple sweater a standout piece.
525 America Cotton Shaker Crop Crew Sweater ($79)
Jamie Chung
This is girls' night out dressing done right.
Finders Keepers Someday Cami ($90) in Ivory; Reese+Riley blazer.
After we saw this cut-out camisole, our regular tanks just aren't going to cut it.
Finders Keepers Someday Cami ($90)
Jenna Dewan-Tatum
Dewan-Tatum went for double the thrifty thrill with two under $100 pieces.
Madewell Outbound Jacket ($98) in Olive Tree
Peter Som for DesigNation Charmeuse Soft Pants ($35)
This classic army jacket will go with practically everything in your closet.
Madewell Outbound Jacket ($98)
Julianne Hough
Your weekend look doesn't have to be complicated, just take notes from Hough in a breezy trapeze dress.
Free People Voile and Lace Trapeze Slip ($88) in Tea Combo
It's a rare find: a dress that can transition seamlessly from brunch to the beach.
Free People Voile and Lace Trapeze Slip ($88)
Karolina Kurkova
Kurkova is the reigning queen of sport chic, which explains why we have a major crush on her thrifty sneakers.
Adidas Basket Profi Eagle Shoes ($60)
Adidas Basket Profi Eagle Shoes ($60)
Olivia Munn
The easiest way to look put together? Make like Munn and throw on a matching set.
MINKPINK Curtain Call Top ($49)
We never tire of a sporty-meets-feminine mash-up like this crop top.
MINKPINK Curtain Call Top ($49)
Reese Witherspoon
Witherspoon has been on an outfit hot streak as of late, and this casual ensemble is no exception.
BB Dakota Beau Jogger Pants ($80)
Who knew comfortable could look this chic?
BB Dakota Beau Jogger Pants ($80)
Check out last month's under $100 story for more celebrity thrifty thrills.


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Center on Innovation and Improvement: A National Comprehensive Center that provides technical assistance to Regional Comprehensive Centers and States, including in the area of SES.
Improving SES Quality: State Approval, Monitoring, and Evaluation of SES Providers PDF (2.94 MB) This publication offers current information and promising practices for States and other stakeholders in the areas of approving, monitoring, and evaluating SES providers.
Evaluating Supplemental Educational Service Providers: Suggested Strategies for States PDF (628 KB) A guide to help States with their evaluations of SES providers.
Giving Parents Options: Strategies for Informing Parents and Implementing Public School Choice And Supplemental Educational Services Under No Child Left Behind This publication provides school districts and States with ideas and strategies for reaching parents and implementing the public school choice and SES provisions of No Child Left Behind.


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Akbar (Of Larsiny Family) Says Cassidy Mother Is His Third Biggest Fan "She Was A Drunk. Cassidy Ain't Really Blow. He Think He Knows It All"
Everydayhiphop reports "Str8 disrespecfull "
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Crystal Wagner's installations are a combination of printmaking, cut paper, and cheap, dollar store objects. Her work has a very organic feel to it, as if we are about to walk through a luscious forest or happen upon a moss patch. This isn't surprising, as Wagner has spent a lot of time immersed in nature, spending extended periods in Yellowstone National Park and Joshua Tree National Park. The large, site specific works convey the awe-inspiring beauty we experience in places like Old Faithful.
Using items like police caution tape, chicken wire and table cloths, the artist crafts multi-layered and complex forms that occupy walls, floors, and everyday spaces. I'm reminded of green wall technology, in which moss grows decoratively on walls and gardens. It is not only good for the environment, but visually dazzles. This is much like Wagner's work, which uses what already exists in our world to create a calming, tranquil environment.
Wagner has a formal education in printmaking, and this training works to her advantage. She is able to refine her installations by adding intricate prints of forms that look like vines and petals. It contrasts nicely with her construction, which focuses more on structure and building volume. These are the heart of Wagner's installation, and tell us the most about the essence of her work.


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Principal Proposed Natural Treatments
Other Proposed Natural Treatments
- Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC)
- Betulin
- Black Tea
- Blue-green Algae
- Boron
- Bromelain
- Calcium
- Cartilage
- Catechins (From Green Tea )
- Citrus Bioflavonoids
- Conjugated Linoleic Acid
- Cordyceps
- Coriolus versicolor
- Diindolylmethane (DIM)
- Ellagic Acid
- Fiber
- Fish Oil
- Flaxseed (Lignans)
- Flavonoid
- Genistein
- Ginseng
- Glycine
- Grapes (Resveratrol)
- Grass Pollen
- Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C)
- Inositol Hexaphosphate (Phytic Acid, IP6)
- Isoflavones
- Kelp
- Licorice
- Ligustrum
- Melatonin
- Methyl Sulfonyl Methane (MSM)
- Milk Thistle
- N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
- Nettle
- Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPCs)
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids
- Papaw Tree Bark
- Probiotics
- Quercetin
- Rosemary
- Schisandra
- Shiitake
- Sulforaphane
- Turmeric
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin D
Probably Not Effective Treatments
Cancer is the second major cause of death (next to heart disease) in the United States. It claims the lives of more than half a million Americans each year out of the nearly 1.4 million who get the disease. The probability of getting cancer increases with age. Two-thirds of all cases are in people older than 65. 1
Cancer is believed to begin with a mutation in a single cell. However, a cell doesn't become cancerous overnight. Several mutations in a row are necessary to create all the characteristic features of cancer. Ordinarily, cells have a self-destruct mechanism that causes them to die when their DNA is damaged. However, in developing cancer cells, something interferes with the self-destruct sequence. It may be that the cancer-causing mutations themselves turn off the countdown.
The DNA alterations that create a cancer cell give it a certain independence from the ordinary rules of cell behavior. Normal cells are highly influenced by nearby cells, with the result that they "get along" well with their neighbors. For example, the growth of a healthy cell is ruled by special growth factors given off by surrounding tissues. However, cancer cells either grow without such growth factors or simply make their own. Many types of cancer cells can also trigger the growth of new blood vessels to feed them.
The rate of cancerous mutations is increased by exposure to carcinogenic substances. Cigarette smoke is a powerful carcinogen. Many carcinogens exist in the diet as well, even in fruits and vegetables.
Principal Proposed Natural Treatments
Before we can get into detailed discussion of natural products proposed to help prevent cancer, we must first discuss some fundamental issues regarding the nature of medical evidence.
It is rather difficult to prove that taking a certain supplement will reduce the chance of developing cancer. One really needs enormous long-term, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in which some people are given the supplement while others are given placebo. However, relatively few studies of this type have been performed.
For most supplements, the evidence that they help prevent cancer comes from observational studies, which are much less reliable. Observational studies have found that people who happen to take in high levels of certain vitamins in their diets develop a lower incidence of specific cancers. However, in such studies it is very difficult to rule out other factors that may play a role. For example, individuals who take vitamins may also exercise more, or take better care of themselves in other ways. Such confounding factors make the results of observational studies less reliable.
Although this may sound like a theoretical issue, it has very practical consequences. For example, based primarily on observational studies, hormone replacement therapy was promoted as a heart-protective treatment for post-menopausal women. However, when placebo-controlled studies were performed, hormone replacement therapy proved to increase the risk of heart disease.
It is now thought that apparent benefits of hormone replacement therapy were due to the fact that woman who used it belonged to a higher socioeconomic class than those who did not use it. (For a variety of reasons, some of which are obscure, higher income is associated with improved health.)
Only a few supplements have any evidence from double-blind trials to support their potential usefulness for cancer prevention, and even that evidence is weak. For all other supplements, supporting evidence is limited to observational studies, as well as preliminary evidence from animal and test tube studies.
The results of observational trials have been mixed, but on balance, they suggest that high intake of vitamin E is associated with reduced risk of many forms of cancer, including stomach, mouth, colon, throat, laryngeal, lung, liver, and prostate cancer. 11,12,14-22,24,46,101,310
However, as noted above, the results of observational studies are unreliable as guidelines to treatment. The results of double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are far more persuasive in drawing conclusions about cause and effect. Unfortunately, on balance, these studies failed to find vitamin E helpful for the prevention of cancer. 9,13,51-53,263-265,280,301
The one positive note came in a double-blind study of 29,133 smokers. Those who were given 50 mg of synthetic vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol) daily for 5 to 8 years showed a 32% reduction in the incidence of prostate cancer and a 41% drop in prostate cancer deaths. 9 Surprisingly, results were seen soon after the beginning of supplementation. This was unexpected because prostate cancer grows very slowly. A cancer that shows up in the prostate today actually started to develop many years ago. The fact that vitamin E almost immediately lowered the incidence of prostate cancer suggests that it may somehow block one of the last steps in the development of detectable prostate cancer.
Nonetheless, the negative results regarding most other types of cancer have made scientists hesitant to place too much hope in these findings. Some researchers believe that better results will be seen with a form of vitamin E called gamma-tocopherol rather than the alpha-tocopherol used in the trials mentioned above. 290 Others suggest that vitamin E might be more helpful for cancer prevention in low-risk people. Further research is currently underway to help settle these questions.
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Vitamin E article.
It has long been known that severe selenium deficiency increases the risk of cancer. 29 One double-blind study found some evidence that selenium supplements might help prevent cancer even in the absence of severe deficiency. 30 The study actually designed to detect selenium's effects on skin cancer. It followed 1,312 individuals, half of whom were given 200 mcg of selenium daily. People participating in the study were not deficient in selenium. The participants were treated for an average of 2.8 years and were followed for about 6 years. Although no significant effect on skin cancer was found, the researchers were startled when the results showed that people taking selenium had a 50% reduction in overall cancer deaths and significant decreases in cancer of the lung (40%), colon (50%), and prostate (66%). The findings were so remarkable that the researchers felt obliged to break the blind and allow all the participants to take selenium.
Subsequent re-evaluation of the results, including additional data from follow-up, indicated that lung cancer and colon cancer benefits were seen only in participants with somewhat low levels of selenium in the blood to begin with. 54,266 (At the time of this writing, researchers had not announced whether the same was true regarding prostate cancer prevention.)
While this evidence is promising, it has one major flaw: The laws of statistics tell us that when researchers start to deviate from the question their research was designed to answer, the results may not be trustworthy. As an illustration of this, yet another after-the-fact statistical analysis of the data hints selenium supplements might actually increase risk of certain forms of skin cancer. 250 This, however, may not be a real concern either, as all such statistical manipulation is suspect.
One study published in 2007 evaluated whether selenium supplements could help prevent skin cancer in transplant patients. 285 People who have undergone organ transplants are at particularly high risk of skin cancer linked to the human papilloma virus (HPV). In this double-blind study, 184 organ transplant recipients were given either placebo or selenium at a dose of 200 mg daily. The results over two years failed to show benefit: both the placebo and the selenium group developed precancerous and cancerous lesions at the same rate. The bottom line: Further research will be necessary before we know whether selenium supplements actually help prevent cancer.
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Selenium article.
Mixed Antioxidants
A large double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the potential overall cancer preventive benefits of a low-dose combination antioxidant supplement providing 120 mg of ascorbic acid, 30 mg of vitamin E, 6 mg of beta-carotene, 100 mcg of selenium, and 20 mg of zinc taken daily for about 7.5 years. 251 The results as a whole failed to show benefit. However, analysis by sex showed a significant reduction in cancer incidence in men but not in women. It is not clear whether these results are meaningful. The researchers involved in this study concluded the following: Low dose antioxidant supplementation may be helpful in healthy people, without cancer risk, who are deficient in antioxidant nutrition. High doses of antioxidants may be harmful for people who are at higher risk for cancer and may already be in the initial phases of cancer development. Finally, antioxidants in high or low doses are probably not helpful in healthy people with good nutrition. 279
Another large study failed to find mixed antioxidants helpful for preventing stomach cancer in particular. 284 And, in a meta-analysis (detailed mathematical review) of 20 high-quality, randomized trials (involving a total of 211,818 participants), researchers concluded that neither beta-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, or selenium effectively lowered the risk of gastrointestinal cancers. If anything, they may have slightly increased the risk of death from these cancers. 308
On the other hand, a review of 22 case-controlled studies with 10,073 women did find evidence that vitamin or antioxidant supplementation may reduce the risk of cervical dysplasia (which can lead to cervical cancer). 319 Supplements that may offer this protective benefit include beta-carotene , vitamin C , vitamin E , and vitamin B12 . While these results seem more promising, case-controlled studies are less reliable than randomized, controlled studies and sometimes serve to cloud the picture rather clarify it.
The story of beta-carotene and cancer is full of contradictions. It starts in the early 1980s, when the cumulative results of many studies suggested that people who eat a lot of fruits and vegetables are significantly less likely to get cancer. 55,56 A close look at the data pointed to carotenes as the active ingredients in fruits and vegetables. It appeared that a high intake of dietary carotene might significantly reduce the risk of cancers of the lung, 57 bladder, 58 breast, 59 esophagus, 60 and stomach. 11
However, as noted above, observational studies cannot prove cause and effect. When researchers gave beta-carotene to study participants, the results have been impressively negative.
Most studies enrolled people in high-risk groups, such as smokers, because it is easier to see results when you look at people who are more likely to develop cancer to begin with.
The anticancer bubble burst for beta-carotene in 1994 with the results of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-carotene (ATBC) study. 13 These results showed that beta-carotene supplements did not prevent lung cancer, but actually increased the risk of getting it by 18%. This trial followed 29,133 male smokers in Finland who took supplements of about 50 IU of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), 20 mg of beta-carotene (more than 10 times the amount necessary to provide the daily requirement of vitamin A), both, or placebo daily for 5 to 8 years. (In contrast, vitamin E was found to reduce the risk of cancer, especially prostate cancer.)
In January 1996, researchers monitoring the Beta-carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) confirmed the prior bad news with more of their own: The beta-carotene group had 46% more cases of lung cancer deaths. 64 This study involved smokers, former smokers, and workers exposed to asbestos. Alarmed, the National Cancer Institute ended the $42 million CARET trial 21 months before it was planned to end.
At about the same time, the 12-year Physicians' Health Study of 22,000 male physicians was finding that 50 mg of beta-carotene (about 25 times the amount necessary to provide the daily requirement of vitamin A) taken every other day had no effect—good or bad—on the risk of cancer or heart disease. In this study, 11% of the participants were smokers and 39% were ex-smokers. 65,66
Similarly, another study of beta-carotene supplements failed to find any effect on the risk of cancer in women. 67 And, in a final indictment of beta-carotene's safety and effectiveness, researchers, who combined the results of 12 recent placebo-controlled trials investigating the association between antioxidant supplementation and cancer, found that beta-carotene use was associated with an increased incidence of cancer among smokers. 304 But the story doesn't end there. In yet another careful analysis of 4 randomized trials involving 109,394 smoker and former-smokers, researchers found that current smokers who consumed between 20-30 mg of beta-carotene were at significantly greater risk of developing lung cancer. There was no such risk among former smokers. 305
What is the explanation for these discrepancies? One possibility is that beta-carotene alone is not effective. Fruits and vegetables contain many carotenoids (carotene-like substances) that may be more important for preventing cancer than beta-carotene. One researcher has suggested that taking beta-carotene supplements actually depletes the body of other beneficial carotenoids. 69
It is also possible that intake of carotenes as such are unrelated to cancer and that some unrelated factor common to individuals with a high carotene diet is the cause of the benefits seen in observational trials.
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Beta-carotene article.
Tomatoes (Lycopene)
Lycopene, a carotenoid like beta-carotene, is found in high levels in tomatoes and pink grapefruit. Lycopene appears to exhibit about twice the antioxidant activity of beta-carotene and may be more helpful for preventing cancer.
In one observational study, elderly Americans consuming a diet high in tomatoes showed a 50% reduced incidence of cancer. 70 Men and women who ate at least seven servings of tomatoes weekly developed less stomach and colorectal cancers compared to those who ate only two servings weekly.
In another study, 47,894 men were followed for 4 years in an observational study looking for influences on prostate cancer. 71 Their diets were evaluated on the basis of how often they ate fruits, vegetables, and foods containing fruits and vegetables. High levels of tomatoes, tomato sauce, and pizza in the diet were strongly connected to reduced incidence of prostate cancer. After an evaluation of known nutritional factors in these foods as compared to other foods, lycopene appeared to be the common denominator. Additional impetus has been given to this idea by the discovery of lycopene in reasonably high levels in the human prostate, 72 evidence from test tube studies that lycopene might slow DNA synthesis in prostate cells, 281 and evidence that men with higher lycopene levels in the blood have a lower risk of prostate cancer. 73
Similarly weak evidence suggests that foods containing lycopene might help prevent other forms of cancer as well, including lung, colon, and breast cancer. 68,74,112
A few poorly designed intervention trials have also been performed, and these suggest that lycopene or a standardized tomato extract containing lycopene might be helpful for the prevention or treatment of prostate or breast cancer. 267-269
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Lycopene article.
Vitamin C
Several observational studies have found a strong association between high dietary vitamin C intake and a reduced incidence of stomach cancer. 76,78 It has been proposed that vitamin C may prevent the formation of carcinogenic substances known as N-nitroso compounds in the stomach.
Observational studies have also linked higher vitamin C in the diet with reduced risk of cancers of the colon, esophagus, larynx, bladder, cervix, rectum, breast, and perhaps lung. 12,76,79,82-84 However, dietary vitamin C intake does not appear to be associated with reduced rate of prostate cancer. 85
One study found that vitamin C supplementation at 500 mg or more daily was associated with a lower incidence of bladder cancer. 86 However, another study found no association. 87 Similarly, in another observational study, 500 mg or more of vitamin C daily over a period of 6 years was not associated with reduced incidence of breast cancer. 89 Another study found similar results. 90
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Vitamin C article.
Green Tea
Both green tea and black tea come from the plant Camellia sinensis , which has been cultivated in China for centuries. The key difference between the two is in preparation. For black tea, the leaves are allowed to oxidize, a process believed to lessen the potency of the presumed active ingredients in green tea, catechin polyphenols. Green tea is made by lightly steaming the freshly cut leaf, a process that prevents oxidation and possibly preserves more of the therapeutic effects.
Laboratory and animal studies suggest that tea consumption protects against cancers of the stomach, lung, esophagus, duodenum, pancreas, liver, breast, and colon. 91,92 A 1994 study of skin cancer in mice found that both black and green teas, even decaffeinated versions, inhibited skin cancer in mice exposed to ultraviolet light and other carcinogens. 93,94 After 31 weeks, mice given the teas brewed at the same concentration humans drink had 72% to 93% fewer skin tumors than mice given only water.
However, results from observational studies in humans have not been so clear-cut—some have found evidence of a protective effect, and others have not. 95
One study followed 8,552 Japanese adults for 9 years. 96 Women who drank more than 10 cups of green tea daily had a delay in the onset of cancer and also a 43% lower total rate of cancer occurrence. Males had a 32% lower cancer incidence, but this finding was not statistically significant.
A study in Shanghai, China, found that those who drank green tea had significantly less risk of developing cancers of the rectum and pancreas than those who did not. No significant association with colon cancer incidence was found. 97 A total of 3,818 residents aged 30 to 74 were included in the population study. For men, those who drank the most tea had a 28% lower incidence of rectal cancer and a 37% lower incidence of pancreatic cancer compared to those who did not drink tea regularly. For women, the respective differences in cancer frequency were even greater: 43% and 47%.
Another study in Shanghai found similar associations for stomach cancer. Green tea drinkers were 29% less likely to get stomach cancer than nondrinkers, with those drinking the most tea having the least risk. 98 Interestingly, the risk of stomach cancer did not depend on the person's age at which he or she started drinking green tea. Researchers suggested that green tea may disrupt the cancer process at both the intermediate and the late stage.
Green tea may exert an estrogen-blocking effect that is helpful in preventing breast and uterine cancer, 103 and another study suggests that it might prevent the development of tumors by blocking the growth of new blood vessels. 104 A review of 9 studies (none of which were clinical trials) involving over 5,600 cases of breast found weak evidence for reduction in breast cancer recurrence among people who consumed more than 3 cups of green tea every day. 317 But, they failed to find reliable evidence for a reduction in the incidence of breast cancer.
However, in an observational study of 26,311 Japanese individuals, researchers saw no reduction in stomach cancer rates. 99 Lack of benefit was also seen in a study conducted in Hawaii. 100 And, combining the results of 13 observational studies, researchers found conflicting evidence for green tea's effect on the risk of stomach cancer. 312 However, in a small Japanese randomized trial, patients who supplemented their regular diet with an extra 1.5 g of green tea extract per day for 1 year lowered their risk of recurrent colorectal polyps compared to those who took no supplement. 313
In a review of multiple studies including 43 observational studies, 4 randomized trials and 1 metanalysis (mathematical summation of the results from several studies), researchers concluded that there was inconsistent evidence supporting green tea's effectiveness for cancer prevention. 311
The main catechin polyphenol found in green tea is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Preliminary experimental studies suggest that EGCG may help prevent skin cancer if it is applied directly to the skin. 102
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Green Tea article.
In many animal studies, soybeans, soy protein, or other soy extracts decreased cancer risk, and observational studies in people have found suggestive associations between higher soy consumption and lower incidence of hormone-related cancers such as prostate, breast, and uterine cancer. 105-111
Soybeans provide estrogen-like compounds known as isoflavones , especially genistein and daidzein. These substances bind to the same sites in the body as estrogen, occupying these sites and keeping natural estrogen away. Estrogen stimulates certain forms of cancer, but soy isoflavones exert a milder estrogen-like effect that may not stimulate cancer as much as natural estrogen. This could help protect against cancer. Soy may additionally reduce levels of the body's own estrogen, which would also have a protective effect. 2,3,15,22,44,82
However, not all evidence on soy and cancer is positive. Because the isoflavones work somewhat like estrogen, there are theoretical concerns that they may not be safe for women who have already had breast cancer. Studies in animals have found suggestive evidence that under certain circumstances soy isoflavones might stimulate breast cancer cells. 60,61,63 Furthermore, evidence from two preliminary studies in humans found changes suggesting that soy might slightly increase breast cancer risk. 3,65 Other studies in women have found reassuring results; nonetheless, prudence suggests that women who have had breast cancer, or are at high risk for it, should consult a physician before taking any isoflavone product. 75
Men have very low levels of circulating estrogen, so the net effect of increased soy consumption might be to increase estrogen-like activity in the body. Since real estrogen is used as a treatment to suppress prostate cancer, it has been hypothesized that the mild estrogen-like activity of isoflavones has a similar effect. There are also indications that isoflavones might decrease testosterone levels, and alter ratios of certain forms of estrogen, both of which would be expected to provide benefit. 297,298 Thus, there are several possible ways in which isoflavones might be useful for preventing or treating prostate cancer. Whether or not they actually help has been tested in a few preliminary trials.
For example, in one double-blind study, men with early prostate cancer were given either isoflavones or placebo, and their PSA levels were monitored. 252 (PSA is a marker for prostate cancer, with higher values generally showing an increased number of cancer cells.) The results did show that use of isoflavones (60 mg daily) slightly reduces PSA levels. Whether this meant that soy actually slowed the progression of the cancer or simply lowered PSA directly is not clear from this study alone. However, another study of apparently healthy men (not known to have prostate cancer) found that soy isoflavones at a dose of 83 mg per day did not alter PSA levels. 299 Taken together, these two studies provide some direct evidence that soy isoflavones may be helpful for treating or preventing prostate cancer, but the case, nonetheless, remains highly preliminary.
A special highly concentrated extract of soy, Bowman-Birk Inhibitor (BBI), has also shown promise for helping to prevent various types of cancer. 286-289
There exists weak evidence that besides the isoflavone found in soy, flavonoids (found, for example, in beans, onions, apples, and tea) may reduce the recurrence of colorectal polyps, common precancerous lesions found in the colon and rectum. 307
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Soy article.
Observational studies have suggested that folate deficiency may predispose individuals toward developing cancer of the cervix, 120 colon, 121,122 lung, 123 breast, 124 pancreas, 125 and mouth. 123 Other observational studies have suggested that folate supplements may help prevent colon cancer, especially when it is taken for many years, or by people with ulcerative colitis . 20,127,129,253,290 However, observational studies are notoriously unreliable; large double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are needed to prove a treatment effective. One such study performed on folate for cancer prevention among 1,000 people over a 5-year period found folate ineffective for preventing early colon cancer. 140 And, in a large controlled trial involving over 5,400 women, supplements combining folate plus vitamins B 6 and B 12 taken for 7 years did not reduce the risk of a cancer compared to a placebo. 315 However, a much smaller study involving 94 individuals with colon polyps (a precancerous condition) found that folate may reduce the risk of recurrent polyps over a 3-year period. 309
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Folate article.
Other Proposed Natural Treatments
Some, but not all, observational and intervention studies have found evidence that calcium supplementation may reduce the risk of colon cancer. 130-139,270-272,302 Risk reduction might continue for years after calcium supplements are stopped. 283 In men, however, calcium supplements might increase risk of prostate cancer. 273-274 For menopausal women, calcium supplementation, especially when taken along with vitamin D, appears to reduce overall cancer incidence. 292
Some studies have connected higher vitamin D levels with a lower incidence of cancer of the breast, colon, pancreas, and prostate, as well as melanoma, but overall research has yielded mixed results. 130,140-142,144-159,275,314 In an extremely large study involving over 36,000 post-menopausal women, supplementing the diet with 1,000 mg of calcium plus 400 IU of vitamin D daily did not lower the risk of breast cancer over a period of 7 years. 316 Based on the results of this placebo-controlled study, there does not appear to be a connection between vitamin D and breast cancer risk.
Increasing dietary fiber has long been thought to help reduce the incidence of colon polyps (a risk factor for colon cancer). 160-163 Several studies, though, have found either little evidence of benefit or none at all. 41,165-170 For example, one very large study enrolled almost 2,000 people with a history of colon polyps and compared the ordinary American diet against a diet very high in fiber, fruits and vegetables, as well as low in saturated fat. 294 Over the four years of the study, plus an additional four years of follow-up, this presumably "healthier" diet failed to reduce polyp recurrence. Conversely, a 2011 systematic review involving 25 observational studies did find evidence to support high-fiber diets. 318 Researchers found that people who ate a diet high in fiber (10 g daily of total dietary fiber) had a reduced risk of developing colorectal cancer. Cereal fiber and whole grains appeared to be more beneficial than other types of fiber (eg, fruits, vegetables, or legumes).
Substances known as lignans are found in several foods and may produce anticancer benefits. They are converted in the digestive tract to estrogen-like substances known as enterolactone and enterodiol. 106,172 Like soy isoflavones (see the previous discussion under the heading Soy ), these substances prevent estrogen from attaching to cells and may thereby block its cancer-promoting effects. Lignans are found most abundantly in flaxseed , a high-fiber grain that has been cultivated since ancient Egyptian times. Both flaxseed and flaxseed oil have been recommended for prevention or treatment of cancer, but the supporting evidence is still extremely preliminary. 106,173-176,178-181 Contrary to some reports, flaxseed oil contains no lignans. 173 Instead, it contains the alpha-linolenic acid, which is also hypothesized to have cancer-preventive effects.
Evidence from observational studies suggests that garlic taken in the diet as food may help prevent cancer, particularly cancer of the colon and stomach. 36-43 In one of the best of these studies, the Iowa Women's Study, women who ate significant amounts of garlic were found to be about 30% less likely to develop colon cancer. 41,44 Similar results were seen in other observational studies performed in China, Italy, and the United States. 37,45,295 In addition, one preliminary intervention trial also found a bit of evidence that aged garlic may reduce risk of colon cancer. 296
Resveratrol is a phytochemical found in at least 72 different plants, including mulberries and peanuts. Grapes and red wine are particularly rich in resveratrol. This substance has shown anticancer properties in test tube studies. 186,187
One large observational study suggests that higher intake of boron may reduce risk of prostate cancer. 204
Provocative evidence suggests that a substance called sulforaphane , found in broccoli and related vegetables, may possess anticancer properties. 205,207 Recently, broccoli sprouts have been touted for cancer prevention on the basis of their high content of sulforaphane. However, this recommendation is still highly speculative. Another constituent of broccoli-family vegetables, indole-3-carbinol , has also shown promise as a cancer-preventative agent; 208-212 however, there is some evidence that this substance might actually increase the risk of cancer in certain circumstances. 213,214 Much the same is true of the related substance diindolylmethane (DIM).
In one large randomized controlled trial, diets rich in fish and omega-3 fatty acids from fish were associated with a significant reduction in the risk of developing colorectal cancer among men over a 22-year period. 306 Another study provides preliminary supporting evidence for the notion that fish oil reduces the risk of prostate cancer. 222 However, on balance, there is still relatively little evidence that the consumption of fish oil reduces the risk of cancer. 276 For example, a secondary analysis of a large trial including 2,501 adults with a history of heart attack, angina, or stroke did not find an association between omega-3 fatty acids (with or without the addition of B vitamins) and risk of cancer. 320
Weak evidence hints that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment may help to prevent colon cancer. 223
Several studies have experimented with using very high doses of vitamin A to prevent skin cancer, doses considerably above levels ordinarily considered safe. Some have found possible benefits regarding preventing some forms of skin cancer, while others have not. 256-258 This approach should not be tried except under physician supervision.
Vitamin K has shown a slight bit of promise for helping to prevent liver cancer in people with chronic viral hepatitis. 259
Innumerable other herbs and supplements have shown minimal promise in test tube and animal studies, including but not limited to active hexose correlated compound (AHCC), cordyceps , Coriolus versicolor , ligustrum , quercetin , citrus bioflavonoids , conjugated linoleic acid , Morina citrifolia ( noni ), turmeric , rosemary , betulin (from white birch tree), bromelain , ellagic acid (from grapes, raspberries, strawberries, apples, walnuts, and pecans), ginseng , glycine , grass pollen , inositol hexaphosphate (phytic acid, IP6), kelp , licorice , melatonin , MSM , milk thistle , nettle , OPCs (oligomeric proanthocyanidins) , papaw tree bark, probiotics or "friendly" bacteria, royal jelly , shiitake , schisandra , and blue-green algae . 80,105,184,187,216-218,219,220,221,224-249,255,293
While it is commonly stated as a fact that high consumption of fruits and vegetables reduces cancer risk, the evidence is limited to inherently unreliable observational studies, and even among these the results are inconsistent. 126,128,143,164,171,177,182,183,260 As noted earlier, a large study failed to find that a diet high in fruits and vegetables reduced risk of colon polyps. 294 An analysis, however, of 19 prospective (forward-looking) observational studies including over a million people did find a weak association between diets high in fruits and vegetables and a reduced risk of developing colorectal cancer. 321 Those who had the highest intake of fruits and vegetables had a significantly lower risk compared to those with the least intake.
Similarly, meat consumption, widely stated to increase colon cancer risk, might or might not do so—the evidence is not compelling. 81,261 Current data does not suggest that diets high in sugar or other simple carbohydrates increase colon cancer risk, 262 or that reducing fat in the diet reduces colon, uterine, or breast cancer risk. 277-278,300,303
Higher level of exercise might potentially help reduce the risk of various forms of cancer, especially colon cancer. 282
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 07/2012 -
- Update Date: 07/25/2012 -


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Get accurate information about hearing loss, its causes and what to do about it. The Hearing Loss Association of America contracted with Knowlera Media to produce a series of seven, four-minute, captioned videos on hearing loss. Information you need to be adequately briefed on the topic is all in one place in an easy-to-access format. If you think you have a hearing loss or know someone who does, please point them to the videos where hearing health care professionals and people with hearing loss talk about what you can do about it.
Download the Hearing Loss Facts & Statistics Brochure.
Order your free copy today!
If you would like the DVD, "Learn About Hearing Loss," (includes all the 7 videos) to show in your waiting room or for other educational opportunities, please let us know and we will be happy to send you a free copy. Place your order by visiting our Order Materials page.
- Hearing Loss Basic Facts
- Hearing Loss Symptoms
- Hearing Loss Diagnosis
- Hearing Loss Treatments
- Living with Hearing Loss
- Hearing Loss Causes and Prevention
- Hearing Aids, Cochlear Implants and Assistive Listening Devices
1. Hearing Loss Basic Facts
2. Hearing Loss Symptoms
3. Hearing Loss Diagnosis
4. Hearing Loss Treatments
5. Living with Hearing Loss
6. Hearing Loss Causes and Prevention
7. Hearing Aids, Cochlear Implants and Assistive Listening Devices


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Frederic (1939)
Status & Due Dates
This page summarizes the reports collected by the School Financial Services team. The team collects data to fulfill its responsibility to pay state aids or it collects data required by statute. Forms specific to district auditors are listed last under Auditor Due Dates.
Explanations of the columns below can be found at Column Explanations.
Reports and Due Dates
Auditor Due Dates
Questions about this page should be directed to email@example.com.


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The Touch Therapy for Liddle Kidz with Cancer Course is coming to Orlando, Florida. This Accredited 2-day professional training, taught by Master Teacher Tina Allen, will be held at the Central Florida School of Massage in Winter Park.
Of all the massage therapy schools in Orlando, Florida, many people agree the Central Florida School of Massage Therapy will give you the very best massage education.
Famous for its theme parks, Orlando, Florida, includes the areas of Kissimmee and Lake Buena Vista. Visitors looking for respite from typical tourist attractions can explore museums, malls, state parks, unique dining options and nearby small towns.
In Orlando, you have your choice of over 90 attractions, approximately 3,800 restaurants, 44 million square ft. of shopping plazas, and 125 golf courses. With so much to see and do you are sure to leave Central Florida with wonderful memories that will last a lifetime. And, to add to your enjoyment, the weather in Orlando is pleasant all year round. Their average yearly temperature is a mild 72 degrees F (22 degrees C). Though the summer months experience hotter weather, most of the year is very comfortable. So, why not escape cooler temperatures and have an education vacation in Orlando.
Many people plan to visit Walt Disney World while in town. Whether you bring the kids or not, it is possible for sophisticated travelers to really enjoy themselves in the land of Mickey Mouse! Walt Disney World has undergone a transformation much like that of Las Vegas, with an abundance of fantastic themed resorts and sumptuous dining choices.
You might also consider the once-in-a-lifetime experience at Discovery Cove! Once inside the park, you will be awed by the sheer scale and beauty of your surroundings. Following a brief orientation, and a complimentary photograph, you are supplied with wet suits, snorkels and masks. Once kitted out, the day is yours to do with as you please. You can swim with sting rays and other tropical fish, glide safely alongside real sharks, feed the exotic birds housed in a stunning free flight aviary, or simply relax and enjoy the Florida sunshine on pristine sandy beaches. But without doubt, the highlight of your day will be the dolphin swim itself.
To experience a little history, visit the Orange County Regional History Center. With an exciting roster of ever-changing exhibits on display and travelling exhibits on loan to other facilities, The History Center is one of Central Florida's premier attractions. Members, educators and visitors alike find a wealth of fascinating information, delivered in dynamic fashion. From guided tours and "hands-on history" events to fun-packed summer camps and interactive children's programs, learning is fun for all ages. History Center members can take advantage of a number of special value-added benefits, including discounts and exclusive event opportunities. The First People exhibit takes visitors back in time to see how Paleo-Indians lived in the days before European Contact. First Contact helps visitors imagine Native American's reaction and the changes in their lifestyles due to the arrival of the Spanish.
Come to Orlando and discover with us!
Finally, an advanced pediatric massage therapy training program for healthcare professionals who wish to provide Touch Therapy for Children diagnosed with Cancer. The Liddle Kidz Foundation course is an intense, fun and effective way to advance your pediatric massage therapy skills and embrace children who have been diagnosed with one of many different pediatric oncology diagnoses that include Leukemia (ALL, AML), cancer of the Central Nervous System (brain tumors, neuroblastoma), cancer of the kidney (Wilms tumor, Clear Cell Sarcoma), Lymphoma (Hodgkin disease, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma), Sarcomas (Osteosarcoma, Ewings Sarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma), Liver Cancer (Hepatoblastoma, Hepatocellular carcinoma), Retinoblastoma and Germ Cell Tumors.
Founded by master teacher and philanthropist Tina Allen, the Liddle Kidz Foundation offers a new, comprehensive, research based training course and teaches students what they really need to know to become an advanced professional in the area of pediatric massage therapy.
Any experienced healthcare professional will tell you that there is a world of difference between learning how to massage a child from a book or DVD, and knowing how to provide the best care to meet a child and families needs, however, there are few opportunities to learn the skills they really need from a working healthcare professional who has provided infant and pediatric massage education throughout the world.
With specialized advanced training in Pediatric Massage Therapy, you have the unique opportunity to impact a child with Cancer for a lifetime.
by registering to join our Orlando Touch Therapy for Liddle Kidz with Cancer Training!
June 16 & 17, 2013
Sunday & Monday | 9am - 5pm
From out of town or flying in?
Orlando Travel & Visitors Bureau - Orlando Florida Vacation ...Find Orlando Vacations, Orlando Tickets, Orlando Hotels, Disney, Universal Studios, Sea World, Orlando Golf and Orlando Deals at Orlandoinfo.com.
Winter Park | Florida Vacation, Tourism, Travel & Entertainment ...The Orange County city of Winter Park, situated north of Orlando, was first incorporated in 1885 as a winter resort. Today, the arts and culture filled city includes Rollins College and the Charles Hosmer Morse Museum of Natural Art.
To Register:
Download Application
Registration Deadline:
Saturday, June 15th, 2013
Registrations are processed on a first come, first served basis. We recommend that you submit your application as soon as possible as class space is limited.
Trainers Bio:
Tina Allen, LMT, CPMMT, CPMT, CIMT
More Info:
Complete Course Description and Training Details
Additional Course Details:
This course is provided as specialized continuing education to further your educational background in providing touch therapy for pediatric clients. This course does not provide certification to touch.
You must already be certified, or licensed to touch, prior to attending this course. Proof of certification, or license to touch, is required in addition to your registration form, and course fees, in order to attend this course. Examples of certification and/or license to touch include: Massage Therapy Certification/License, Nursing License, Physician License, Physical or Occupational Therapist License. Other certifications may qualify you to attend course, please inquire.
Parents who wish to attend this course to provide touch therapy for their individual child(ren) are welcome after the Teacher approves your attendance. Please contact us if you are a parent interested in attending.
Recommended Pre-Course Study:
Attendance and completion of Certified Pediatric Massage Therapist (CPMT) Course
Required Class Materials:
Touch Therapy for Liddle Kidz with Cancer Guide (included with course registration fees, provided in class)
* Supplies – please bring massage linens for hands-on practice in class
CEH | Continuing Education Hours
CEU | Continuing Education Units
Liddle Kidz Foundation (LKF) is a 501c3 nonprofit educational organization and is approved by numerous professional healthcare boards internationally including, but not limited to, the National Certification Board of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork (NCBTMB) Provider #450613-08; American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) Provider #6981; and Board of Registered Nursing - State of California, Provider #15018
For more detailed information please visit our Continuing Education Approvals page for State, Provincial, National and International CE Approvals
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©2005 - 2018 Liddle Kidz Foundation | nonprofit educational organization
All Rights Reserved | Privacy Policy/Terms Conditions Use | Contact Us |
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Mayo ClinicEach One Counts FoundationABMP | Associated Bodywork and Massage ProfessionalsNAEYC | The National Association for the Education of Young ChildrenNCBTMB | National Certification Board for Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork
USA (Main Office)
MAILING ADDRESSLiddle KidzPO Box 872664Vancouver, WA 98687


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SAN FRANCISCO, Dec. 20 (UPI) -- A federal judge in San Francisco Thursday questioned whether the country's largest medical marijuana dispensary must be shut down immediately.
Chief Magistrate Judge Maria-Elena James heard arguments from local and federal officials locked in a battle over the Harborside Health Center in Oakland, Calif., which has more than 108,000 members in its patient collective. She made no immediate ruling Thursday, the Los Angeles Times reported.
In the fall, Oakland was the first municipality to sue federal prosecutors, attempting to block federal agents from closing Harborside.
Thursday's hearing was the first since Colorado and Washington voters in November legalized small amounts of marijuana for recreational use, the Los Angeles Times reported.
Medical marijuana advocates said they hope James remembers the votes when she decides whether to order an immediate stop to all Harborside sales.
"They can sell popcorn there. They can sell candy there. We're just asking that the court advise Harborside that they cannot use the property for any illegal purpose," Assistant U.S. Attorney Arvon Perteet told James.
"Clearly if people think that marijuana should be legalized completely in at least two states, then from our vantage point it should at least be legal for patients who need it for medical use," said Joe Elford, chief counsel for Americans for Safe Access, which spoke on behalf of six Harborside patients.
If Harborside is shut down, thousands of patients will be driven into the illegal cannabis market, pro bono attorneys representing Oakland said.
Federal prosecutors asked James to remove the city from the case, maintaining the U.S. Supreme Court ruling bars a "medical necessity" defense in federal court and federal officials had reserved the right to take action against any dispensary.
"There is a strong public interest in the enforcement of federal law, as well as in the protection of the public from drugs that federal regulatory authorities have not approved for medical use," prosecutors said in court papers.


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The Neighborhood Compatibility documents consist of two parts: Neighborhood Compatibility Guidelines and Multi-Family Residential Design Guidelines.
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The purpose of the Neighborhood Compatibility Guidelines is, as the name implies, to ensure compatibility of new homes and additions with the surrounding neighborhood. It is meant to provide guidance for homeowners and city staff for review of proposals for new homes and additions to existing homes.
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The purpose of the Multi-Family Residential Design Guidelines is to encourage high quality multi-family development that emphasizes safety, livability and long-term viability. The Guidelines include an Introduction and six sections: Site Planning, Circulation and Parking, Building Design, Landscaping, Miscellaneous Site Elements and Safety.
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