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The Homeowners Column
Anticipating frost - what to do with frost sensitive plants
Sandra Mason
State Master Gardener Coordinator
October 14th should be circled, underlined, highlighted, starred, and asterisked on your calendar. No it's not my birthday, but it is generally considered to be the average date of first frost in our area. First frost has occurred as early as September 22 and as late as November 7 in our area so nature, as usual, keeps us guessing and playing the odds. What does all this mean? Well it means that if you don't want your basil to turn to mush, you better harvest it soon.
A few of the plants that are frost sensitive include ageratum, begonias, impatiens, annual vinca, celosia, coleus, geranium, salvia, zinnia, tomato, pumpkin plants, okra, cucumber, sweet potatoes, tropical plants such as bananas, hibiscus, and elephant ear, and house plants.
We have several options when dealing with frost sensitive plants. We could wait until 10:15 some night. The weather person announces the chance of frost. With flashlight in hand we make a quick round-up of all our houseplants, cover all the tender plants with bed sheets, and harvest all the green tomatoes using our pajamas as the basket. Or we could just shed a tear to another passing summer and let nature take her plants to the happy compost pile in the yard. However, gardeners being gardeners we like to stretch the boundaries and we hate to watch any plant die.
We can pot a few of those tender flowers for winter enjoyment. It's best to get them ready for the trip indoors by potting them early and placing in shady spot for a week. Think of it as a halfway house or Ellis Island for plants. Annual flowers such as vinca, begonia, geranium and impatiens will continue to flower indoors. Not all annuals will flower but can certainly be saved for next year's garden. Coleus also makes an attractive houseplant. Rosemary can take freezing temperatures, but have her potted and ready to go inside once temperatures dip below freezing.
Before bringing plants indoors, check for insects. Some common plant pests include: aphids; scale; whitefly; and spider mites. If insect pests are suspected, plants can the treated with insecticidal soap such as Safer's or Ortho. Insecticidal soaps are specially formulated soaps to be used on plants and have low toxicity. Read and follow all label directions.
It's generally a good idea to wash the leaves and stems of any plants with a steady stream of water before bringing them indoors. With potted plants the constant drenching of the soil will also help to drive out soil critters like pill bugs and ants. Plants can also be repotted with new soil to make sure there are no unwanted guests.
If tender plants such as geraniums and coleus are particularly large, take 4 to 6 inch long stem tip cuttings. These can be rooted in small pots with soiless mix. A plastic bag over the top will keep in moisture. The plants generally root in about 2 weeks.
Seeds of marigolds, celosia, zinnia, and others can be collected. Make sure the seeds have ripened adequately before harvesting which usually means a color change from green to brown. Keep in mind seeds from hybrid varieties generally will not produce plants that look exactly like their parents. Store seeds in refrigerator or other cool, dry place.
Tender vegetables such as peppers, tomatoes, eggplant, and sweet potato should be harvested before a frost. Wrap green tomatoes individually in paper and store at 60 to 65 degrees F. They will continue to ripen slowly over the next several weeks. They do not need sunlight to ripen.
The roots of tender perennials such as dahlia, caladium, canna, and elephant ear should be dug before a hard freeze and stored in cool, dry place. Enjoy the remnants of summer with this beautiful weather.


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Inside . *
fi L CULLLGE
3900 Bethel Drive
Volume XLII—No. 25
Bethel College, St. Paul, Minn. Friday, May 10, 1968
Summer missionary program sends
students to both home, foreign fields
The Cultural Committee will
sponsor a film festival next week
on Monday, Tuesday and Wednes-day.
The films will be shown in
room 106, beginning at 8 p.m. each
The series will begin May 13
with "Gentleman's Agreement."
It is about anti-Semitic feeling and
stars Gregory Peck. The movie
is the winner of an Academy
Award as well as numerous other
"The Cardinal" is scheduled for
Tuesday night, May 14. It relates
Friday's talent night audi-
Snyder are pictured above.
the life story of a man as he rises
in the Church.
The film festival concludes Wed-nesday,
May 15, with an English
version of the Italian film, "The
Gospel According to St. Matthew."
Pier Paolo Pasolini, widely ac-claimed
for his work, is the direc-tor
of the movie. He chose un-known
actors for the movie, which
became an international prize win-ner.
The Cultural Committee hopes
to stimulate thought and discussion
with the presentation of the mov-ies.
As in the past, the Student Mis-sionary
Project will be making
possible direct student participa-tion
in the foreign mission field
this summer. However, this year,
in addition to the usual plan of
sending students to foreign fields,
six students will be spending their
summer in the United States.
The religious committee hopes
that this diversity will add to the
overall value of the program by
placing students in a greater num-ber
of Christian service activities.
Five students will be traveling
outside the country under the Stu-dent
Missionary Project. Ted Dan-ielson
is anticipating a summer in
the country of Bolivia under the
Andes Evangelical Mission. His
activities will include some work
in a hospital there.
Gail Klemetti will be working
with the World Radio Missionary
Fellowship mission board. All of
her time will be spent at Quito,
Ecuador, where she will parti-cipating
in the outreach of the
well known station HCJB.
Phyllis Markette has been ac-cepted
by the Latin American Mis-sions,
and will participate in their
ministry in Colombia. She will
work specifically at the laywork-er's
training school with the chil-dren's
phase of Evangelism in
Depth. Judy Nelson and Margie
Campbell will be joining Bob Swan-son
of the Baptist General Confer-ence
in his work in Mexico. Bible
school teaching and secretarial
work are two of a variety of things
in which they anticipate partici-pation.
On this side of the border, Lar-ry
Day and Valerie Peterson will
be working at Bethel Christian
Center, in that agency's summer
youth activities. Two students, Ka-ren
Hotek and Arlene Skoland,
plan to spend their summer in
Appalachia with the Free Church
outreach in that area.
Jackie Goodman and Pam Nor-dell
are preparing for Bible
school teaching experiences this
summer in local churches under
the direction of the Minnesota Bap-tist
Conference. Over the course
of the summer these girls will
teach in several home mission
churches, and will also spend time
teaching Bible school classes in the
Indian reservations served by the
Baptist General Conference.
These people will be engaged
in significant activities this sum-mer
as they participate in the
student project. Ideally all Bethel
students may look upon their sum-mer
experience as a time to live
a Christian life of witness outside
a Christian setting.
The only difference with t h e
SMP students may be that they
are placed in particular situations
where their full-time commitment
to their task is especially need-ed.
Students involved in the
many phases of planning this sum-mer's
project have become increas-ingly
enthusiastic about the possi-bilities
of this year's program.
LADY LOVELY charms last
ence. Dave Nelson and Dave
Cultural committee schedules
stimulating movie presentation
Nine new members join faculty;
staff additions include two alumni
Former Bethel student views
unique Hawaiian racial conditions
At present count, nine new mem-bers
will join the faculty next
year, including two men who have
received their B.A. degrees from
As instructor in physical educa-tion,
Patricia Bronlee, B.S. from
Louisiana Polytechnic Institute and
M.S. from Washington State, will
be added to the athletic depart-ment.
Garth Rosell will join the faculty
as an instructor in history. Rosell
obtained his B.A. from Wheaton,
his B.D. and Th.M. from Princeton
Theological Seminary, and is cur-rently
a teaching assistant and doc-toral
candidate at the University
of Minnesota.
Gene Peterson, former Bethel
graduate (B.A., 1966) will be added
to the math department staff. He
is currently in a doctoral program
at the University.
Edwin Groenhoff will join the
faculty as an associate professor of
social sciences. Groenhoff is cur-rently
an assistant professor of ed-ucation
at Macalester and will re-ceive
the Ed.D. from the University
of Colorado in June.
Richard Harris will join the edu-cation
department as an assistant
professor. Harris received his B.A.
from Seattle Pacific College and
his M.A. from the University of
Redlands. He was an elementary
school principle in the Redlands
School District from 1964-1968.
The head librarian for next year
will be Mrs. Margaret Dewey. She
received her B.A. from Northwest-ern
College and her M.A. from the
University of Minnesota and is cur-rently
working in a doctoral pro-gram
at the University.
Joining the chemistry depart-ment
will be Dale Stephens. Ste-phens
received his B.A. from West-mont
and his Ph.D. from the Uni-versity
of Arizona, and was a re-search
chemist for Corn Products,
Richard Holt will join the faculty
as an assistant professor of French.
Having received his B.A. from
Houghton College and his M.Ed.
from St. Francis College, Holt
comes to Bethel from Huntington
A former Bethel graduate, David
Whitney will join the faculty as an
instructor in speech. He received
his B.A. from Bethel, and will be
awarded the M.A. degree from
Colorado State this summer.
In addition, James Bragg will be
added to the administrative staff
as Assistant Dean of Students in
cont'd on page 4
by Dan Johnson
(This is the second in a series
of articles by Dan Johnson, who
transferred to the University of
Hawaii after 2 1/2 years at Beth-el.
Dan plans to return to Bethel
next fall.)
With the recent racial disorder
and violence occurring in many
U. S. cities, it is interesting to
note the unique racial and social
conditions in Hawaii. This is not
to imply that the state is immune
to racial discrimination but rather
to relate the "Aloha spirit" which
maintains a high degree of equali-ty
among its people.
Ever since the first Polynesian
migration, Hawaii has continuous-ly
attracted other nationalities.
The Europeans gradually came af-er
1778 when the islands were
discovered by the English sea cap-tain,
James Cook. Many came as
missionaries to the native Hawai-ians.
Others opened the commer-cial
markets for whaling and agri-cultural
But the Europeans and Ameri-cans
also brought fatal diseases
to the native Hawaiians who were
very susceptible due to their iso-lation.
The native population de-clined
rapidly and labor shortages
developed in the new coffee and
sugarcane industries. The increas-ing
economic prosperity of the is-lands
demanded the importation of
labor as early as the 1850's.
Thousands of Japanese, Chinese,
and even Portuguese laborers had
to be imported to meet the critical
labor shortage. This early begin-ning
of racial mixtures continued
to create a true "melting pot" of
many nationalities which is typical
of Hawaii.
The late 19th century brought
continual economic progress as
pineapple became important and
again labor shortages brought
waves of new immigrants. Hawaii
continued to grow with a mixed
population after the turn of the
cont'd on page 4
ebapet Pote
May 13-17
Page 2—Campus Forum
Page 3—Minnesota IC-3
Symposium Series
Page 6—Sports
Monday: Rev. Lee Eliason
North St. Paul Baptist Church
Tuesday: Mr. Dave Breest
International Youth Leader
Wednesday: Dr. Robert Berglund
Thursday: Panel Discussion on the
book The Passover Plot
Friday: Pastor Glenn
Patricia Bronlee Gene Peterson "The Offense of the Gospel"
Dale Stephens
Professors examine course proposal
To the Editor:
We commend you for pointing
up the need for courses reflecting
current issues and in particular
for the practical suggestion of an in-terdisciplinary
course dealing with
the contributions of the Negro (and
we would hope other ethnic as well
as religious minorities) to Amer-ican
life and culture.
The editorial intimates, however,
that Bethel belongs to that group
of colleges which lack "courses
dealing with contemporary prob-lems,"
hence not producing "men
and women who are capable of
doing their part in ministering to
the sore spots of society."
But the fact is that we do have
a large number of courses which
are directly pertinent to contem-porary
issues. The curriculum in
Sociology includes such offerings
as Social Problems, Crime and De-linquency,
Intergroup Relations
(which has race relations as its
primary focus), Marriage and the
Family, and Population Problems,
all of which include a direct ori-entation
to current societal prob-lems.
All the other courses in Sociolo-gy,
Anthropology, Economics, Poli-tical
Science, and Psychology also
reflect Bethel's concern with "the
sore spots of society," and our en-tire
curriculum in Social Work,
which is open to students from
other disciplines, is directly rela-ted
to what is being done to meet
welfare needs.
The introductory course in each
field offers a basic perspective
which the student may come to an
understanding of the nature of so-cial
problems and of alternative
means for dealing with them.
A comparison of our Catalog with
those of other evangelical colleges
will quickly reveal that Bethel's
curriculum is not only keeping up
in this area but has greatly out-paced
most of the others.
This is not to say that no im-provement
is needed. The number
and distribution of courses and
the focus and strength of the ma-terials
included in each are sub-ject
to continual adjustments. But
more than that, a larger proportion
of Bethel's student body should
gain or increase their social aware-ness
by including them in their
selections at registration.
Students sometimes fail to re-alize
that college education must
prepare them for tomorrow's prob-lems.
A narrow focus upon today's
gigantic issues would be a disserv-ice
because the theories and prin-ciples
based upon current and past
experience provide the most prac-tical
basis for action in a world
of continuous change.
We wholeheartedly support the
objective of enriching the curri-culum,
by a "free university," or
through co-curricular activities of
campus organizations.
Another means of meeting this
need might be an advanced semi-nar
in which students and faculty
from all major disciplines share
insights and perspetives from each
of their fields in the light of
Christian values as the integrating
focus for dealing with current is-sues.
Donald N. Larson, Professor of
Anthropology and Linguistics
David 0. Moberg, Professor of
Dress code?
To the Editor:
Is it conceivable that a boy
would be asked to leave a class
because he is wearing Levis and a
We want it understood that un-til
now we have accepted Bethel's
rules and regulations without ques-tion.
Perhaps this is because we
have understood the basic rea-sons
behind these rules. However,
we find it impossible to under-stand
why we are not allowed to
use our own judgment in dress out-side
of the classroom.
ANEAP — ASK ME 50AAeTNING,"
Senate 'amends'
dress regulation
by Leonard Sammons
( Leonard Sammons is currently
a student senator-at-large)
The problems of exactly how
much maturity can be considered
to belong to the college student
was the topic of discussion in the
Student Senate during the first
meeting of the Taylor Administra-tion,
May 6, 1968.
Passing what its author called
"a minor motion," the Senate by
a 14 to 4 roll call vote modified
the dress code letter of last Aug-ust
15 to read merely, "Clothing
worn is a testimony to the char-acter
of the wearer and those with
whom he is identified. Bethel stu-dents
are asked to keep this in
mind at all times."
Opposing Senators felt that this
cont'd on page 4
We do not merely attend classes
—we live here. It is impractical
and uncomfortable to wear a dress
until 4 o'clock (especially if your
classes are through by noon). Why
must our rooms be the only place
cont'd on page 4
the CLARION
Published weekly during the academic
year, except during vacation and exami-nation
periods, by the students of Bethel
college, St. Paul, Minn. 55101. Sub-scription
rate $4.50 per year.
Editor-in-chief Lynn Bergfalk
Editorial Contributor Robert Holyer
Feature Editor Sue Bonstrom
Sports Editor Jerry Loomis
Business Manager Bill Goodwin
Circulation Managers Sheila Spain
Charlene Greene
Proof Reader Karen Rodberg
Advisor Perry Hedberg
Opinions expressed in the CLARION do not
necessarily reflect the position of the collage
or seminary.
Page 2
the- CLARION Friday, May 10, 1968
Church must assume
prophetic role in society
As the sociological prophets have proclaimed, contempor-ary
culture is in a period of rapid change.
The expansion in education, the explosion in technology,
the revolution in human rights, the increased physical mobility,
urbanization, commercialism, and a host of other factors have
effected a radical change in the demeanor of American society.
In the midst of this change, the church has assumed one
of two roles. Many church members have tended toward con-servatism,
lamenting the passing of the "good old days," and
puzzling at the buzzing confusion of modern society.
This group has not realized the problems or the signifi-cance
of the changes taking place. Denying a certain amount
of relativity in society, they have tended to support their own
cultural patterns with theological sanctions. Lacking under-standing,
they tend to react to outward symbols such as new
hair styles or patterns of dress.
At the other extreme, many churchmen—decidedly fewer
than at the conservative end—have become men of the age,
completely caught up in one or more of the popular move-ments.
Next to apathy, jumping on a "bandwagon" is the
easiest way to lose one's perspective.
Caught up in the exigencies of the situation, often this
group cannot see beyond the moment and substitutes necessary
expedients for long range action.
While these two positions are poles apart, they share a
common characteristic; both have forsaken the Church's
prophetic role in society. The "conservatives" have absolutized
one form of culture and have disregarded or denied social
change; their fallacy is obvious. The "liberals," however, have
often limited their action to current demands and assumed
that a chicken in every pot will solve man's social problems.
While a Christian witness in society demands welfare,
open housing, and job training, etc., it also demands a realiza-tion
that man does not live by bread alone.
While poverty, racism, and social inequality are current
problems, perhaps the most pervasive malady of modern so-ciety
is the poverty in human values. Oddly enough, modern
man cannot conceive of life except in terms of production and
The growth of big business has resulted in the extension
of the profit motive to a larger segment of life. Science and
technology have become financial pawns and even the hallowed
halls of higher education have been inundated with computers,
calculators, ID cards, and triplicate forms.
While modern man is engaging in his life and death
struggle for the dollar, another segment of society, personified
as Madison Avenue, is feverishly creating new and unheard of
As a result man is either driven by his job or chained to it.
Creativity is only permitted of the entrepenuer or the advertiz-ing
man and what are called the higher values of man don't
stand a chance against the GNP.
In the midst of this the Church has told man that he is
a spiritual creature and that all of life is sacred; yet, to mass
man, life is blatantly secular. The church tells man to love
his neighbor, but yet he is alienated from his neighbor. The.
church exhorts man to live the good life; yet the good life
is becoming a social impossibility.
In such a situation, the church must look beyond the
current cultural values and see its responsibility to the social
order. The church must assume its prophetic role even if it
means losing contributions.
While welfare and direct aid are important, it is evident
that the church must go beyond welfare and attempt, wherever
possible, to bring sanity to a chaotic world, to go beyond "a
chicken in every pot."
Proposal needs clarification
ethnic minorities should be initiated, rather than an
all-inclusive one.
The hope for such a program lies upon a small,
but successful, beginning. It is hardly feasible to
draft a program calling for 10 or 15 inter-disciplinary
courses at this time, even though the need may exist
for them. Big plans have rather limited value if they
cannot be implemented.
Thirdly, the proposal does not overlook existing
courses in literature, history, and social sciences.
Students in some disciplines may find it difficult
to take several literature courses, American Social
and Intellectual History, Inter-Group Relations (plus
other sociology courses) in addition to fulfilling the
requirements for their major fields and for gradua-tion.
However, a student interested in racial problems
may find an inter-disciplinary course which integrates
the relevent material from a half dozen existing cours-es,
plus adding material which the student presently
is not exposed to, quite worthwhile.
Last week's proposal to investigate means of add-ing
courses emphasizing current social issues to the
curriculum needs some clarification. Much of the
discussion concerning the idea stems from its sketchy
First, the proposal does not call for any wholesale
attempts at revamping the curriculum. It does not
call for a narrow focus on current problems. It does
call for a limited addition of courses which would
discuss more directly contemporary issues, and help
the student see these issues in a perspective which he
finds difficult to otherwise achieve because he stands
so close to them.
Secondly, last weeks editorial suggested that a
good beginning point might be a course dealing
with the American Negro. The idea behind such a
suggestion is simply that one needs a concrete place
to begin.
Other minority groups should also be included
in this type of a program. However, to avoid superfi-cial
treatment, a number of courses dealing with
Friday, May 10, 1968 the CLARION Page 3
Series discusses current moral issues
McGee, professors Kirk, Pemberton discuss draft, Concluding session
disagree on question of dissent . clash on Viet war views human rights The second of the symposiums Mr. Pemberton stated the issue is
"Morality and Power: The Dilemma of Southeast
Asia," the third symposium on contemporary moral
issues, was presented at Augsburg College April 30.
The series of symposiums was sponored by the Min-neota
Intercollegiate Symposium Committee consist-ing
of students and faculty from the University and
Twin City colleges.
Seator Gale McGee, a democrat from Wyoming,
and four history professors including Dr. James John-son
from Bethel, made up the symposium.
A's one of the two great victors rising out of
World War II the United States was forced into a
power struggle, McGee said. "We were faced with
the decision of how to make a responsible contribu-tion
to peace. We could abandon it to chance, or else
assume the burdens, risks, criticisms, and frustra-tions
of trying to put the world back together," he
To accomplish this task the U. S. must restructure
the relationships of nations in Asia. "New govern-ments
are too fragile to strike out on their own yet.
We must help them achieve economic and political
stability. We must try to isolate violence and keep
it from spreading. This is our moral responsibility,"
he continued. "The outcome of the Viet Nam situa-tion
will determine what course of events the rest of
Asia will take.
He emphasized the "domino theory" for Southeast
Asia. If Viet Nam collapses, countries like Thailand,
Laos, and Cambodia will topple under the weight of
Chinese aggression.
McGee was very optimistic about winning the war
in Viet Nam and concluded with "What we do with
this chance will determine our course in history for
all time."
Carl Crislock, professor of history at Augsburg
College began the panel discussion by disagreeing
with McGee on two main points. First, the commit-ments
of a nation must not go beyond a nation's
power and what national security demands.
The United States does not have the capacity to
maintain the war in Viet Nam while neglecting the
"war on poverty" program, and other needed improve-ments
at home. Second, he does not believe that
U. S. commitment in Viet Nam is necessary for na-tional
security. "Foreign policy is not the best way
to reform the world," Crislock stated.
Dr. Johnson argued McGee's position on the
grounds that Americans place too much emphasis on
the communist threat while disregarding the role of
naionalism in the conflict. "We have no right to
interfere in a civil war," he said. "If there is a need
for the use of power in Southeast Asia, legally, only
the United Nations is morally obligated to do it."
Professor Huntley Dupre from the College of St.
Catherine brought out the possibility of a world war
as a result of continued escalation in Viet Nam. He
is afraid that the U. S. is attempting a "Pax Ameri-cana"
foreign policy while the rest of the world lies
in fear of us.
While he agrees with McGee that there is no world-wide
law body, he suggests that Americans work with
the United Nations for the cause.
Professor Henry F. Werting of Concordia Col-lege
agreed with McGee's "domino theory" and that
America should draw the line and stop communism
in Viet Nam so it doesn't spread to other countries.
"As a great power, we have a great responsibility
to keep the world free," he said. S. B.
on current moral issues, hosted by not one of workability, but one of
the College of St. Thomas on Mon- right.
day, April 29, focused on "Selective
Service—Selective Objection ��The Basing his argument on t h e
Limits of Dissent." rights guaranteed by the Constitu-tion
as interpreted by the Supreme
Representing a conservative po- Court, Pemberton pointed out that
sition, Dr. Russel Kirk voiced a self - government necessitates free-hardy
disapproval of the current dom to dissent.
selective service system. He com-mented
that the conscription army
is both ineffective and unduly ex-pensive
and that the "mass horde"
concept of military strategy is an-achronistic.
A modern army should consist
of intensively trained regular forc-es
solicited on a voluntary basis.
This proposal would reduce both
the number of men necessary to
wage war and the level of govern-ment
defense expenditure.
However, Dr. Kirk commented
that such a force would take five
years to organize and that the
change must be affected through
"regular channels," meaning t h e
electorate, congress, and the presi-dent.
He further commented that radi-cal
dissent often alienated "the es-tablishment"
and, in reality, re-tarded
t h e necessary political
change. Regarding the draft itself, Pem-
Dr. Kirk argued that, in addition berton commented that it is both
to being disfunctional, mass resis- imprudent and unjust, unjust pre-tance
could not be justified in cisely because it is imprudent.
that common defense is the first The loss of civil liberties the
law of an orderly society. He fur- American population submits itself
ther stated that conscientious ob- to is deplorable because there are
jection on non-religious grounds more effective means of accomp-was
not feasible since such an in- lishing the same end.
terpretation would render the army
In conjunction with this Pember-and
the current draft system in- ton commented that the draft was
effective. never designed to suppress or pun-
While Dr. Kirk was appalled by ish dissent and that the Hershey
the "regrettable lack of criticism" letter was an unjustifiable usurp-of
the conscription system, the ation of authority.
primacy of national interests pre- Pemberton further argued that
cluded the possibility of extending the CO classification must be ex-the
CO classification or permitting tended to include moral objections
mass resistance. to the war since the Court has
Representing a more liberal per- ruled that the term "religious"
spective, John Pemberton, Jr., cur- could be interpreted to mean only
rent president of the American conventional religion.
Civil Liberties Union, addressed
Pemberton also stated that op-himself
to the same issues. position to the war in Vietnam,
While sharing Dr. Kirk's dissat- since it was the only war known
isfaction with the conscription sys- by the draftees, could be interpre-tem
and his opinion that some ted as doctrinary pacifism.
forms of dissent are ill-advised, R. H.
The Minnesota IC-3 series of symposiums conclud-ed
last Thursday at Hamline University with a dis-cussion
on the "Means to Human Rights." Both
speakers emphasized the need to see current prob-lems
clearly, and to do something about them.
Senator Fred R. Harris, an Oklahoma Democrat,
and Dr. Charles V. Hamilton, professor of political
science and chairman of the Department of Political
Science at Roosevelt University in Chicago, were guest
speakers in the program, planned jointly by Bethel
and Hamline.
Harris, a member of the President's Commission on
Civil Disorders, told the audience that America must
face today what it is, and realize what the real prob-lems
He pointed out the population explosion, great
technological advances, the increasing geographical
mobility of today's population, and racism as forces
in society which have "radically altered our lives
since World War II."
He said the current domestic crisis facing Amer-ica
was the greatest since the Civil War. And in
squarely facing this crisis, white America, which has
"studied Negroes to death," must shift its scrutiny
inward to itself.
Hamilton, co-author with Sokley Carmichael of
Black Power: The Politics of Liberation, reminded
whites of the need to "move from rhetoric to reali-ty."
The body of his speech dealt with four general
typologies of Negro groups working for civil rights.
"Political bargainers" work for an equitable dis-tribution
of goods and services within the existing
system. They are often criticized for oligarchical
tendencies by more the radical elements.
"Moral crusaders" aim at transferring the soul of
society. They are usually heavily oriented towards re-ligion,
but many of them view non-violence as a
tactic, rather than a philosophy.
The "alienated reformer" has lost faith in the
methods of the political bargainer, and is typical of
black power groups. He sees institutional racism
barring the way to an equitable distribution of deci-sion-
making, and is very concerned with the need
for black identity or consciousness.
"Let us deal formatively, and then structur-ally,"
the alienated reformer says. He feels an inde-pendent
black power base is necessary if meaningful
attempts to meet black needs are to become amenable
to electorate power.
The "alienated revolutionary" believes change will
not come without violence. This category draws its
support basically from young groups, and is charac-terized
by black separatist movements.
Hamilton stressed the dynamic nature of the
categories. "Many of the people in number four start-ed
out in the other three," he said, and cited Stokely
Carmichael and H. Rap Brown as examples. Indivi-duals
wind up in the fourth typology because "the
system lets them down."
"The best way to deal with them is by solving
the problems which brought them into existence,"
Hamilton said.
From the "clear and present dan-ger"
ruling of Holmes and the later
interpretation by Brandeis, Mr.
Pemberton stated that there are
no Constitutional limits placed on
the content of speech as long as
adequate opportunity is given for
As to time, place, and manner
of dissent, Pemberton stated that
the government had the right to
regulate. However, regulation has
no right to eliminate or suppress
The act of burning or returning
a draft card is a symbolic commun-ication
of disapproval of the war
and in and of itself does not affect
one's status with the draft. How-ever,
the law requiring one to car-ry
his draft card at all times—a
law which is both unenforceable
and unjustifiable— presents a di-lemma.
Medical advances raise moral ,i si sues vev eoratitzu 9,teefdacede
The first Minnesota Intercollegiate Symposium,
held at Macalester college, discussed medical ethics.
"Who Shall Live? The Morality of Modern Medicine"
was examined by Senator Walter Mondale (D.-Minn.)
and Dr. Norman Shumway, who is currently Professor
of Surgery at Stanford University.
Mondale is a sponsor of a resolution presently
before Congress, calling for the establishment of a
presidential commission to consider the moral, legal,
and public policy issues raised by recent medical
"miracles." Minnesota's junior senator warned those
members of the medical profession who oppose the
resolution that they should not be afraid to let others
outside of medicine discuss these things
Looking ahead, Mondale postulated that within
the next thirty to forty years, research might find
the key to genetic control, giving men the power to
shape future generations. In order to avoid future
moral crises, he said, the medical community
and the nation need to decide now what attitudes
and policies should be developed toward future ad-vances.
Dr. Shumway, who has received training at the
National Heart Institute at the University of Minne-sota,
stirred national interest earlier this year with
a January heart transplant, the second such trans-,
plant ever to be performed. Recently, he performed
the world's eighth heart transplant.
Along with Mondale, Shumway called attention to
the expense involved in a heart transplant, which
can cost from fifty to seventy-five thousand dollars,
or even more. Financial aid systems are needed to
eliminate the problems this poses for most of the
The most serious practical problem is a shortage
of donors. Many surgeons are ready to perform trans-plants,
some using new techniques, but must wait
for donors. A "heart bank," or a method of using
animal hearts, is needed to help coordinate the supply
of hearts with the needs for them.
Patronize your CLARION advertisers
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Evening Service — 7:00
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Students ask why
from page 2
of relaxation until late afternoon?
If the administration can pro-vide
valid reasoning behind this
ruling, we will happily comply
Dear Reader:
Lest I become the "drowsy evan-gelical"
I chastised in a previous
letter (the CLARION, April 25,
1968), I am serving as volunteer
campus coordinator for the "Poor
People's Campaign," a national
concern for human rights, with
particular relevance for our Twin
Cities area.
As the local counterpart of the
national organization, the Minneso-ta
campaign has for its primary
goals the "establishment of the
14-point program suggested by the
Black Community, and in addi-tion,
implementation of demands
made by the low-income white
and Indian communities."
In a nation-wide effort (support-ed
heavily by the late Dr. Martin
Luther King, Jr.) the Minnesota
group is helping to facilitate an
indefinite "march" on Washington,
D. C. This means that the cam-paign
intends to stay in the Dis-trict
until their objectives have
been accomplished; that is,
1) adequate minimum wages
2) adequate welfare programs
3) meaningful on-the-job train-ing
4) guaranteed annual incomes.
The national campaign hopes to
send 5,000 people to Washington
with it. We do not wish to argue
this point, we merely wish to un-derstand
Val Freeman
Windy McJunkin
Jan Shodin
during the coming year, to main-tain
a total of fifty families a
week in Washington, and to raise
$500,000 through the supporting
committees for the national and
local efforts.
The group intends to work
through existing organizations such
as churches, business groups, la-bor
unions, etc. to establish com-mittees
to work for their goals by
raising funds, recruiting "march-ers,"
and collecting food and cloth-ing
for the Washington "dele-gates."
Persons interested in more in-formation
or in serving on a com-mittee
at Bethel, or in donating
food, clothing or money for the
campaign please check the sociolo-gy
bulletin board or contact me
via P.O. 79. The food and cloth-ing
drive has already started and
the first contingent of Minnesota
marchers was to have left yester-day.
I would say one more thing to
the "drowsy evangelical" who fi-nally
wake up: Don't waste any
more time pricking your con-science.
Get out and do some-thing.
Thank you,
Janet Applequist
Dress code
from page 2
was either idealistic or impractical,
and that quite likely freshmen were
incompetent to make all their own
decisions regarding dress. Propon-ents
countered by stating that the
present system is also impractical
and legalistic in nature.
They also suggested that the
most effective restrictions, those
imposed socially, were hindered by
the present system. Students, like
nearly everyone else, they claimed,
are more influenced by the opin-ions
and actions of their peers
than by those of other strata of
The effect of the motion is that
the Dean of Students is no longer
able to claim the Senate as a co-signer
of any code except the two-sentence
version on May 6, 1968.
It is hoped that administrative
policy will also share in the vision-ary
actions of the Senate.
As one of the proponents of the
motion stated later, "Dress codes
are a trivial subject in an academ-ic
institution, especially one which
purports to be Christian, but use-less
legalism and paternalism are
The Senate did nothing major
at its May 6, 1968 meeting.
James Bragg
from page 1
charge of Recruitment and Finan-cial
Aids. Bragg holds a B.A. from
Elmhurst, a B.D. from Trinity Di-vinity
School, and a M.A. from the
University of Minnesota. He comes
to Bethel from Aurora College in
has achieved an almost perfect tol-erance
of racial differences with-in
its diverse population. In a
sense "Hawaii knows that integra-tion
In the cities one must actually
look for discrimination; but it does
exist in some of the elite clubs
and organizations. It does appear
unlikely that Hawaii will ever face
any serious racial problems or vio-lence.
All of the racial groups are
in the minority and are thoroughly
mixed at all levels of govern-ment
The people of Hawaii have
learned to accept people and
adopt them into their society re-gardless
of their background. But
then Hawaii has only two key
resources, the land and its people,
and why should it neglect some
people who are potentially valua-ble
to the society?
Bade Foot' Zaaed
Open bowling
afternoons & evenings
(Snelling across
from Har-Mar)
Ph. 631-1142, 631-1143
31)ott5e of ong 11 a.m. to 9 p.m.
1163 Larpenteur
Roseville Center
Page 4 the CLARION
Friday, May 10, 1968
campus forum
from page 1
Just before the second world
war the 419,000 people of Hawaii
consisted of the following percent-ages:
37 percent Japanese, 25 per-cent
Caucasians, 15 percent Ha-waiian,
12 percent Filipino, 7 per-cent
Chinese, and 4 percent from
other groups. There has always
been an internal peace in the
Hawaiian islands as new people are
assimilated quickly into their new
Hawaii's ethnic and racial groups
have mingled and intermarried so
freely over the years that today
ethnical backgrounds are often dif-ficult
to be traced. The most
recent percentages of racial groups
show a slight increase in Caucas-ians
and a large decrease in pure
But a balance still exists be-tween
the minority groups. Hawaii
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Beauty marks Hawaiian islands
by Dan Johnson
Scenic splendor of a world cre-ated
centuries ago characterizes the
Hawaiian chain of islands. Beyond
the confines of cities and towns
lies a land created by volcanic
eruptions and overgrown with
tropical vegetation. The islands ac-tually
are the upper peaks of huge
mountains which arise from the
ocean floor some 15,000 feet be-low
sea level.
The islands have continually
been changed by lava outpourings
and natural erosion. Of twenty-four
islands in the chain only
seven of the eight major islands
are inhabited. In land area they
equal the combined states of Con-necticut
and Delaware but support
a population about the size of Min-neapolis.
They stretch like a green
belt some 350 miles across the
blue Pacific waters.
The big island, Hawaii, known
also as the "Orchid Island," is the
only part of our country which geo-logically
is still young and grow-ing
in size due to the volcanic
activity. This island first emerged
as five volcanoes, only one of which
can be considered extinct in geolo-gical
time as the others have all
erupted in recent times.
The Kilauea Crater, considered
the worlds most active volcano, has
remained active over the last five
months with mild lava eruptions.
The surrounding terrain includes
barren rocky slopes, lava deserts,
fertile plantations, and plush trop-ical
T h e second largest island of
Maui is typically the "Valley Isle"
of Hawaii, formed by two extinct
volcanoes which flowed together.
The gradual slopes and foothills
of the one huge crater produce
rich fields of pineapple and sugar-cane.
Along the coastline winding
mountain roads follow the rugged
terrain of deeply eroded valleys.
With the abundant rainfall on the
slopes of the crater, wild moun-tain
streams cut through the thick
tropical semi-rain forests to the
In and around the city of Hono-lulu
on the island of Oahu live
more then three-quarters of the
states population. "The Aloha Is-land"
of Oahu is the center of the
states tourist industry, businesses,
financial establishments, and gov-ernment
Two parallel mountain ranges
lie across the island leaving the
population centers near the coast-line.
The interior plains region
produces the pineapple and sugar-cane
which aids the state economy.
The major economic resource of
this island depends upon the tour-ist
industry more than agricultural
The oldest of t h e islands is
Kauai and commonly known as
the "Garden Island" because of the
rich natural vegetation growing on
the fertile volcanic soil. Geologi-cally
this was the first island cre-ated
so erosion carved much na-tural
beauty in the mountain can-yons.
Much of the interior is in-accessible
due to the rugged cliffs
and swampy conditions from the
wet interior climate.
The small rural islands of Molo-kai
and Lanai are largely depend-ent
upon the production of pine-apple
as their economic livelihood.
The gentle sloping hills and fertile
plains provide favorable conditions
for agriculture and cattle raising.
Much of these two islands relate
back to the 19th century idea of
Hawaii with a tranquility of life
not yet spoiled with modern in-novations.
The small island of Niihau is pri-vately
owned by the few remaining
pure Hawaiians left in the islands.
It is closed to outsiders and main-tains
an isolated colony of several
hundred residents through agricul-ture
and cattle raising.
The last of the major islands,
Kahoolawe, is uninhabited because
the military uses it as a target
site for warships and bomber
All of Hawaii lies within a sub-tropical
zone maintained by the
prevailing northeast trade winds
which leaves a year round con-stant
mild temperature. Hawaiian
residents realize the uniqueness of
their islands and utilize their na-tural
surroundings. This is also
true with the University students
and their exracurricular activities.
The Bethel College golf team
has participated in four meets thus
far and have one victory to their
credit. None of the guys have real-ly
found the range yet, but there
is plenty of opportunity, with
six matches still left to play.
In their opening match, Bethel's
five best medal scores totaled 428
in comparison to Stout State's 404.
Curt Dokken, Dave Livingston,
and Jim Spurgeon were low for
Bethel, all three firing 84. Rick Pe-tersen,
Jerry Loomis, a n d Cal
Harfst all shot 88.
Against Hamline, the Royals
"eeked" out an 8 1/2-6 1/2 victory in
match - match - medal competition.
Bethel Boakdoite
So far this spring, the tennis
team has had a rough time. The
loss of two strong players from last
year's squad, Tom Hulst and Gary
Hasselblad, has left the Royals
much weaker at the 3, 4, and 5
positions, and as a result, their
record is disappointing.
The racketeers have won one meet
while dropping four. However, they
have been much closer than the
scores indicate, as many of the
matches have gone three sets. The
play of Bethel's ace, Bill Peterson,
has not been up to top form as
Steve Petersen led the Royal at-tack
with an 84. The following
day against St. Thomas, the links-men
were not so fortunate, as
their medal score was higher than
that of the "Tommies." Steve's
brother Rick had the best score
for the Royals, an 85.
Last Saturday, Rick Petersen,
Curt Dokken, Jim Spurgeon, Steve
Petersen, and Dave Livingston rep-resented
Bethel in the Cougar
Invitational at Fergus Falls. Eigh-teen
teams were entered, a n d
Bethel finished fifteenth.
This week the Royals battle Riv-er
Falls on the Como Park Course,
and trek to Bemidji for the Beav-er
Invitational on Saturday.
he has lost twice, once at River
Falls and once at Morris.
The highlight of the season thus
far was a "smashing" victory over
Stout State. The Royals last meet,
a quadrangular at LaCrosse last
Saturday, was rained out.
The tennis team has three mat-ches
remaining on their schedule.
On Wednesday, the Royals compete
against Augsburg, and on Saturday,
they'll fight it out with Northland.
Bethel will wind up its tennis
season on the following Thursday
with a match against Concordia of
St. Paul.
Here is how the record stands
so far:
River Falls-6
Stout State-1
B eth el-2
Work 10-15 hours per week, $30
For information call 226-1039
lic6 Cate
Italian & American Food
Orders to take out
1611 W. Larpenteur
At Snelling, St. Paul 341 6-2656
Good Students Save
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Bill Mertz & Bill Lange
1338 Thomas at Hamline
Phone 6546401
Friday, May 10, 1968
the CLARION Page 5
Tennis squad finds going tough;
wins one of first five matches
1707 N. Snelling Ave.
Noer's Barber Shop
1546 West Larpenteur
We specialize in flat tops and Ivy leagues
Linksmen work for top form
as season begins homestretch
Vededem eafttea e4.d
2 Bus Runs Sunday Mornings Leaving:
Snelling Manor & Bodien: 8:15 & 9:15
Returning: 10:50 & 12:00
Light Breakfast Both Runs
Pastor—Robert Featherstone
Assistant Pastor—Bill Ma'am
College Teacher—Gary Smalley
Photographer leaves hurdlers "up in the air."
Your Banking Needs!
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Page 6 the CLARION
In a five team meet on May 4,
the Royal trackmen finished fourth
despite some fine individual per-formances.
The team scores were
Superior State 73, Stout State 45 1/2,
St. Thomas 41, Bethel 38, and Riv-er
Falls 36 1/2.
Dave Pound figured heavily in
two of Bethel's three first places.
Pound won the 440 yd. dash in
51.6, and ran the third leg of the
victorious mile relay team.
Despite the efforts of Pound,
Rick Berggren, and Joel Peterson,
the Bethel team was last after
three laps in the mile relay. An-chorman
Jack Campbell, however,
overtook the entire field and led
the Royals to victory in a time
of 3:32.2..
Bethel's other first was won by
Fred Swedberg in the javelin with
a throw of 167 feet. Swedberg also
took second in the discus and fifth
in the shot put. Dave Pearson al-most
captured the high jump lion-
Friday, May 10, 1968
ors, but had to settle for second
place because of misses at 5'10".
Joel Peterson and Tom Rykert
leaped to second and fourth places
in the long jump. Jim Fredeen
was second in the 330 yd. inter-mediate
hurdles and fourth in the
120 yd. high hurdles. Jack Camp-bell
finished fifth in the 440, and
Rick Berggren also finished fifth
in the 880 to round out the scor-ing
for Bethel.
Certainly the loss of many tal-ented
performers has severely
crippled the track team. Andy
Lehman and Jim Hammar have
been lost for the season, and Bill
Geigert and Bill Malyon were both
unable to compete Saturday.
Despite these losses and the
nagging injuries which have both-ered
many of the trackmen, the
Royals still turned in a respectable
performance Saturday. This week's
Macalester invitational will con-clude
the track season. OOPS I Bethel's mile relay team is forced to drop out of race as Jack Campbell
spikes Tom Rykert in baton switch.
Injuries cripple thinclads
as season nears end
Opposing squads stymie Royal nine; Volleyball, basketball "All-Stars"
Richardson's hurling brightens hopes headline intramural news
by Wally Borner
The Royal baseball squad began
a busy week of games by dropping
a pair at River Falls on Monday.
Lowell Richardson pitched a fine
game for 10 and two-thirds innings
only to give up a three-run homer
with only one more out to go, los-ing
Falls took a first inning lead
on three opposite field hits. Beth-el
came back with two runs in
the third on a single by Murray
Sitte who was forced at second on
Randy Stauter's single, and then
consecutive doubles by Barry An-derson
and Bill Englund.
The Royals held the lead till the
seventh inning on the strength of
Richardson's pitching. In the sev-enth,
however, the Falls boys man-aged
to tie the game at 2-2 on a
walk, a sacrifice and a single, send-ing
the game into extra innings.
In the top of the eleventh, the
boys in blue added two runs on
Englund's single, Ericson's double,
John Delich's single and an error
on Steve Hanson's ground ball only
to lose 54 on the River Fall's
homerun in the last half of the
inning. Richardson struck out 13
during the game.
The second game was not as
thrilling, but saw the Royals fall
behind 1-0 early in the game and
tie it, fall behind 2-1 and score
two more to give them the lead
by the end of 3 innings. Bethel
scored one in the second on three
consecutive singles and an error,
and scored two more in the third
on a single, double, and a River
Fall's miscue.
Scoring a fourth run in the 4th
inning on a Don IBrandsma double
and an error, the Royals went
into the last of the 4th leading
4-2, only to see River Falls score
five big runs on the wildness of
Brandsma, who walked two and un-corked
a wild pitch, and on the
hitting of the Falls' team. From
then on the Falls team coasted
to an easy 8-5 victory.
On Tuesday the squad traveled
to Eau Claire, Wisconsin, and
dropped a single game 8-5. The
Royal pitching staff had problems
from the start as three pitchers
gave up six earned runs. They
couldn't hold off the Eau Claire
hitters w h o hammered out 13
Highlight of the game for Beth-el
was the fourth inning, when
they scored three runs on singles
by Brandsma, Englund, and Steve
Hanson's double and then a single
by Al Selander.
Thursday Albert Lea provided
the opposition for the Royals
squad. In the opening game Low-ell
Richardson turned in another
fine pitching performace as he
struck out 11, allowed only three
singles and one run after an er-ror
for a 3-1 win.
Bethel scored two in the third
inning on a trio of Albert Lea
errors and again in the fourth af-ter
two more miscues and a single
by Richardson. Albert Lea scored
their only run in the third inn-ing
on a single and two Bethel
The second game saw Dan Gross
lose 4-2 as he got little support
from his hitters. Gross allowed
three earned runs on five hits in-cluding
a 380 foot homerun to
The Royals have nine games left
this season. The next game in the
Twin Cities area is at Concordia
College in St. Paul, Saturday, May
Open 6 A.M. - 8 P.M.
Mon. thru Sat.
Corner of
Larpenteur and Arona
Tel. 646-0800
Second Old lost its first game
but w o n the match against
O.C. No. 1 to remain in the top
position in volleyball with a twelve-one
record. The losers dropped to
third place at 11-4, being replaced
by First Floor, who defeated 3rd
Old 2-0.
The boys from O.C. No. 2 squeak-ed
by 2nd New, 2-1 to take over
fourth place from 3rd Old, with
a 9-5 mark. Other than 2nd New,
the rest of the bottom teams are
piling up an enviable record of
forfeits with the faulty faculty
leading the way with no one show-ing
up in six evenings of compe-tition.
Five men from five different
teams have been selected by bal-loting
of the "A" League basket-ball
players as All-Stars. Al Se-lander
of 2nd Old and Steve Peter-son
lead the field with Andy Leh-man,
Leroy Mattson, and Fred
Swedberg filling out the first an-nual
All-Star team.
Steve Peterson sparked his team
to the tournament championship
and also led in regular season
scoring with 174 points, three
points ahead of Andy Lehman, who
led First Floor to an untarnished
10-0 regular season record.
Fred Swedberg was the big man
for Falcon, who tied for second
and took second in the tournament.
Leroy Mattson, a freshman from
the frozen Northland of Minnesota
was the hot hand for 3rd Old, the
hard-luck losers of the league.
All musclemen on campus have
until 10:00, Friday evening to sign
up for weightlifting which will
take place twelve hours later on
Saturday morning.
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Winston-Salem State University continually strives to promote and facilitate the development and delivery of credit-bearing online courses, certificates and degree programs that support students' academic enrichment goals. Our target population includes, but is not limited to, students who have little or no opportunity to experience higher education in a traditional setting.
WSSU departments and units that support distance learning programs are determined, dedicated, driven, and directed to deliver accredited, relevant, engaging and timely distance courses, certificates and degree programs. We invite you to the experience and to the RAM nation!
Online Certificates and Programs
- Teaching English As A Second Language Add-On Licensure
- Bachelors of Science - Clinical Laboratory Science
- Bachelor of Science in Nursing (RN-BSN)
- Bachelor of Interdisciplinary Studies, Concentration in Integrative Studies
- Birth to Kindergarten Education (BKE) Degree Program
- Master of Science in Rehabilitation Counseling
- Master of Science in Nursing Degree Advanced Nurse Educator (ANE) Concentration
- Transitional Doctor of Physical Therapy


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CHICAGO — Bally Total Fitness, which has been unable to sell the company, is now focusing on seeking capital and looking for ways to increase financial flexibility.
"We are actively pursuing both short-term and long-term financing alternatives that will enable Bally to address its significant debt load and create financial flexibility for its operations," says Don Kornstein, interim chairman.
The fitness chain reported a year-over-year decline in new members and a 2 percent slip in second quarter revenues during a Sept. 12 conference call. The company also reported that it was at risk of defaulting on its credit agreement.
"Bally's business saw its top-line performance negatively affected in the first half of 2006 as a result of a lower average number of total members, a changing mix of new members added and a lower average monthly selling price for new members added," says Barry Elson, acting CEO.
Bally's Second Quarter Financial Highlights
Net revenues decreased $5 million, or 2 percent, from the second quarter of 2005.
Membership services revenue declined $3.8 million, or 2 percent, to $239.5 million, driven by a 3 percent decline in the average number of members to 3.6 million.
New member adds in the second quarter of 2006 of about 278,000 were about 5 percent lower than in the second quarter of 2005.
Average monthly revenue per member in the quarter was $19.30, up $0.11 compared to the second quarter of 2005.
Personal training revenue of $32.2 million grew 1 percent over the second quarter of 2005.
Retail products revenue decreased $1.2 million, or 9 percent, to $11.5 million from the same period last year.


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Hotel Contessa - Luxury Suites on the Riverwalk, San Antonio
- Collect nights
Hotel Contessa - Luxury Suites on the Riverwalk, San Antoniofrom $159
- Luxury Suite, 1 King Bed, River View
- Luxury Suite, 1 King Bed, City View
- Luxury Suite, 2 Double Beds, City View
- Luxury Suite, 2 Double Beds, Accessible
- Luxury Suite, 2 Double Beds, Accessible, City View
- Luxury Suite, 1 King Bed, Accessible
- Luxury Suite, 1 King Bed with Sofa bed, Accessible, City View
What's around Hotel Contessa - Luxury Suites on the Riverwalk, San Antonio
- In Downtown San Antonio
- River Walk - 2 min walk
- San Antonio Majestic Theater - 6 min walk
- Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center - 6 min walk
- Alamo - 7 min walk
- Market Square - 13 min walk
- Tower of the Americas - 14 min walk
- Alamodome - 23 min walk
Getting around
- San Antonio, TX (SAT-San Antonio Intl.) - 14 min drive
- San Antonio Station - 20 min walk
- Valet parking (surcharge)
About Hotel Contessa - Luxury Suites on the Riverwalk, San Antonio
Hotel Contessa - Riverwalk Luxury Suites sits along the famed San Antonio, Texas, Riverwalk, rising 12 stories amidst the city's downtown skyline. The hotel is located 1 block from the Henry B. Gonzales Convention Center and 2 blocks from the eclectic boutiques of La Villita and the Ameson River Theater. The legendary Alamo is 5 blocks away.
Hotel Features.
Spanish-style tapas and regional American classics are served at the hotel's signature restaurant, Las Ramblas. This completely non-smoking hotel features a 4-story atrium lobby accented in Mediterranean-style décor. The atrium overlooks the on-site Cork Bar, which features live entertainment on the Riverwalk's bank. The Hotel Contessa - Riverwalk Luxury Suites offers a 24-hour business center, luggage storage, 12 meeting rooms, and technology support staff. The Woodhouse Day Spa highlights European facials, pure collagen treatments, kids' bubble manicures, sports massage, and reflexology. A rooftop terrace, heated outdoor pool, spa tub, and a glass-enclosed patio offer panoramic views. A 24-hour cardiovascular fitness center with free weights also offers panoramic views of the city's skyline. Valet parking is available on site, and other parking can be found nearby (surcharge). Small pets are welcome (surcharge).
The Hotel Contessa - Riverwalk Luxury Suites' 265 suites provide separate bedrooms. Suites exude Mediterranean ambience with exposed brick walls, earth-toned colors and Ann Parks' Yellow Rose reproductions. Floor-to-ceiling windows offer skyline or Riverwalk views. Beds feature pillowtop mattresses and down comforters. Separate parlors and living areas include sofa beds. 2 in-room, flat-screen televisions include high-definition premium cable channels. High-speed wireless Internet access is included in the resort fee. Bathrooms feature massage showerheads and marble vanities, and are stocked with complimentary bath products. Accommodations include refrigerators and coffeemakers. In-room safes are laptop compatible.
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 265 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 14 floors
- Check-in time starts at 4 PM
- Check-out time is 11 AM
- Express check-in/out
Required at check-in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 18
Travelling with others
- No cribs (infant beds)
- Pets allowed *
- Specific rooms only *
- Up to 40 lb
- WiFi in public areas *
- WiFi in rooms *
- Valet parking *
Other information
- Smoke-free property
In the hotel
- Full breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Poolside bar
- Room service (during limited hours)
- Outdoor pool
- 24-hour fitness facilities
- Full-service spa
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Golfing nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Kayaking nearby
- Mountain biking nearby
- Spa tub
- 24-hour business center
- Conference space
- Meeting rooms
- Conference space size (feet) - 10000
- Conference space size (meters) - 929
- Conference center
- Computer station
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Wedding services
- Multilingual staff
- Porter/bellhop
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built 2005
- Elevator/lift
- ATM/banking
- Rooftop terrace
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
- English
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Premium bedding
- Pillowtop mattress
- In-room massage available
- Separate sitting area
- Partially open bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Designer toiletries
- Hair dryer
- 37-inch LCD TV
- Pay movies
- Premium TV channels
- Desk
- Free weekday newspaper
- WiFi (surcharge)
- Free local calls
- Refrigerator
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe (laptop compatible)
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Special features
Situated on the hotel's rooftop, the 1,700-square-foot Woodhouse Day Spa includes 4 treatment rooms and a boutique. Guests enjoy various types of massage, body wraps, aromatherapy and facial and body treatments. Spa guests can enjoy full-day access to both the fitness facility and the heated pool on the day of their treatment. Guests can order from a spa menu either poolside or at the acclaimed Las Ramblas restaurant.
DiningLas Ramblas - This restaurant specializes in American cuisine and serves breakfast, brunch, lunch, and dinner. Guests can order drinks at the bar and enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting). A children's menu is available.
The Cork Bar - This bar serves light fare only.
Hotel Contessa - Luxury Suites on the Riverwalk, San Antonio's small print
Also known as
- Contessa Luxury Suites
- Contessa Riverwalk Luxury Suites
- Hotel Contessa Luxury Riverwalk Suites
- Hotel Contessa Luxury Suites
- Hotel Contessa Riverwalk Luxury Suites
- Hotel Contessa Luxury Suites Riverwalk San Antonio
- Hotel Contessa Luxury Suites Riverwalk
- Contessa Luxury Suites Riverwalk San Antonio
- Contessa Luxury Suites Riverwalk
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Pet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation.
Reservations are required for massage services and spa treatments and can be made by contacting the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
Deposit: USD 75.00 per night
- Resort fee: USD 7.58 per accommodation, per night
Resort fee inclusions:
- Pool access
- Fitness center access
- Internet access (may be limited)
- Newspaper
Inclusions may be listed elsewhere on the page as free or for a surcharge.
Optional extras
Early check-in can be arranged for an extra charge of USD 40.00 (subject to availability)
Late check-out can be arranged for an extra charge of USD 60.00 (subject to availability)
Valet parking costs USD 38.00 per night with in/out privileges
Breakfast costs between USD 8 and USD 16 per person (approximately)
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of USD 50.00 per pet (may vary based on length of stay)
WiFi is available in guestrooms for USD 7.58 per night (rates may vary)
WiFi is available in public areas for USD 7.58 per night (rates may vary)
We have included all charges provided to us by this property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the unit you book.
Didn't find the right property?Continue searching for San Antonio
Recent reviews
Superb 9.0 From 3,379 reviews
It was fantastic. Recommend this Hotel
It was awesome!
It's a good hotel on the river walk . Just the lady at the desk on Sunday nite April 7 was not warm and welcoming as one should be . We reached really late at midnite and she was very standoffish .
Great location. Fun Wine Lounge. No onsite parking, had tro pay a valet. $40.
Excellent location and spacious room.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


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Forest and climate-smart development in the Democratic Republic of Congo
The Democratic Republic of Congo's efforts to shift to sustainable land use is producing first results in the Mai Ndombe province- an encouraging model for other countries seeking to reduce deforestation and forest degradation.
As I look out the window of our small propeller plane heading toward Inongo, the capital of the Mai Ndombe province in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the difference in landscape is jarring. The areas around Kinshasa, the sprawling capital city with a population over 10 million, are marked by degraded lands with barely a tree in sight. As we fly further north and east, we pass over scattered patches of green on savannahs, but when we cross over into the Congo Basin, there are suddenly forests as far as the eye can see. Mai Ndombe, my final destination, spans more than 12 million hectares, most of which are forest, and is part of one of the most important tropical ecosystems left on earth.


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Moderator: Cartographers
Industrial Helix wrote:four corner border at Bihkek, Almaty, Ili Kaza
Edit... what attacks the US fleets?
Raskholnikov wrote:Is Supersize implemented? If so, what are the new rules?
MrBenn wrote:Maps of SuperSize must be worthy of needing the additional space (ie they shouldn't be unnecessarily big); mapmakers will be required to suggest their intended image sizes during the design brief stage, with permission to exceed the standard guidelines in exceptional cases to be granted by the Foundry Foreman. (In exceptionally-exceptional circumstances, there is the further potential for flexibility)
Standard maximum sizes: 630x600 pixels for a small map and 840x800 pixels for a large map.
SuperSize limits: 1000x800 pixels for a small map, and 1400x1200 pixels for a large map
Raskholnikov wrote:Finally, I note all comments are graphics-related. If so, and no game-play issues remain, can we move on to the graphics section and properly deal with these issues there?
Users browsing this forum: No registered users


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Express. Home of the Daily and Sunday Express.
Graham salvages draw for Swansea
Danny Graham was again Swansea's last-gasp hero as his late equaliser ensured a replay will be needed to settle their FA Cup third-round tie against Arsenal after the game finished 2-2.
Michu, who settled last month's league meeting between the sides, had looked to again be Arsenal's downfall as he gave Swansea the lead just 73 seconds after coming on as a second-half substitute.
But two goals in three minutes from Lukas Podolski and Kieran Gibbs put the Gunners on course to advance, only for Graham, who scored a late leveller against Aston Villa in midweek, to rifle home with three minutes left.
There had been little indication of the tumultuous finish to come during an opening half of little action and no goals.
Santi Cazorla wasted the best chance of the half when Gibbs dispossessed Nathan Dyer and then astutely pulled the ball back for the Spaniard to fire over the bar.
Swansea went closer still at the other end when former Arsenal man Kyle Bartley, headed against the bar from Jonathan de Guzman's pin-point delivery.
An acrobatic Giroud volley again saw Vorm spring into action, and Swansea's sluggish start to the second period prompted manager Michael Laudrup to summon Michu and Pablo Hernandez for Wayne Routledge and Jonathan De Guzman in the 57th minute.
And it took Michu no time to make an impact; the Spaniard seized on Graham's flick to nod past Laurent Koscielny and race through to slot his 15th goal of the season left-footed beyond Szczesny.
Arsenal poured forward in search of a leveller and with Swansea unable to lift the siege they looked likely to get one, but the visitors were made to wait until nine minutes from time. The hosts failed to clear a corner and Mikel Arteta's reverse pass found Podolski, who fired low into the corner of Vorm's net.
And the Gunners stunned their hosts by taking the lead just two minutes later. Giroud played a lovely lofted ball into the path of Gibbs, who blasted a volley high into the net. Arsenal should have seen the game out, but Swansea rebounded off the ropes to find an equaliser as Graham rifled home from an acute angle.


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FAX 1.408.588.1236 OPEN M-F 8:30am-5:30pm PST
Click Here to Contact Us Today
Apple Mac Pro Quad Core 2.93GHz (BTO) was one of the original Mac Pro machines.
Below are the parts to choose from
All parts in diagram are available for ordering. If you don't see it on our site, please call or email email@example.com for ordering.
We hope the information provided here has been helpful. If you need further assistance with your purchase choice, please call our sales department toll free at 1-800-588-5290. This number is for sales related questions only! If it is after sales hours you can issue a help desk ticket by e-mailing email@example.com. We welcome all Resellers, Schools, and Government purchases.
If you have technical questions or concerns about your order relating to defective parts, return issues, shipping questions, order status, and tracking numbers, please submit a help desk ticket by emailing email@example.com. Customer support and technical support questions are processed through our help desk only. Please allow 1-2 business days for a response when issuing a help desk ticket. Thank you for shopping We Love Macs!
We Love Macs
2800 Bowers Ave
Santa Clara, CA 95051
Main Phone: 1-408-516-4141
Fax: 408-588-1236
M-F 8:30am-5:30pm PST
Estimated Shipping Rates:
UPS 3 Day $11
UPS 2 Day $14
USPS International Mail $9
UPS Ground (USA only) $6
Fedex Priority Overnight $24
USPS International Express $22


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For some reason, when I entered upon this endeavor, I think somehow I had imagined it might be interesting, perhaps adventurous, even in a way diverting. I was still young, in my early twenties; In my mind having learned much about seizures and epilepsy in general, yet only recently having taken full active responsibility for my own treatment of a seizure disorder I had since I was nine. My thoughts were that Its not my parents (Father) that are having the seizures, I am. I should
Updated 04-27-2015 at 05:45 PM by David Hosobuchi


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Summer Ends, Ads Go Up
August 22, 2011 Leave a comment
Some of our critics happily noted we have been on a bit of a hiatus. Yes, we broke out of our blogger basement for the summer. We're sorry. Can you blame us for not wanting to spend the summer writing about the debt ceiling or the nonsense coming out of the Kennedy campaign?
Unless you've been living under a rock, you've notice that Mayor Ballard and Melina Kennedy are both up on television. Ballard's ad touts accomplishments of fiscal responsibility, fixing neighborhoods and lower taxes and crime. Pretty much what you would expect from an incumbent. Mayor Ballard has said several times he is running to his record and this ad is a prime example of doing just that.
Kennedy's ad struck us as a bit odd. The first half is the typical bio advertisement about how she helped pay her way through college as a waitress, is married and has kids. The second half is focused on education. It seems like an odd thing for a candidate for Mayor to make a focal point of their campaign since the Mayor of Indianapolis doesn't have any control of education outside of charter schools. Maybe we need to draft a job description so Melina Kennedy understands the office she is seeking. Right now, it sounds like she wants Eugene White's job.


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Bienvenue, I'm Guisselle a Parisienne vagabond with a well rooted Colombian & New York soul that loves the transcultural amalgam my parents nurtured my life with. I ♥ photography and this mashup is a life & style journal through my amateur pen and lens. Bisous!
Beware... on occasion I may drop a little riff-raff intellect but bounce right back to articulate & academic #urbanchic-APaz ✌!
email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Oscar Mayer Lunchables Now Packs A Full Serving Of Fruit
Oscar Mayer, the Madison, Wis., subsidiary of Kraft Food Inc., introduces Lunchables with Fruit, a new refrigerated line that provides a full serving of fruit with Dole Mandarin Oranges or Pineapple Tidbits in 100 percent fruit juice. Available in four varieties -- Peanut Butter + Jelly Sandwich, Turkey + Cheddar Cracker Stackers, Ham + American Cracker Stackers and Extra Cheesy Pizza -- they also contain bread or crackers made with whole grain.
The introduction of Lunchables with Fruit is supported by a multi-platform marketing campaign, the largest in the brand's 22-year history. An ad campaign features colorful, eye-catching pictures of happy kids with orange peel smiles and pineapple ring glasses. And to "Keep the Smiles Coming," the Lunchables team kicks off the campaign with a national call-to-action, partnering with Feeding America, the nation's leading domestic hunger-relief charity, to donate up to one million pounds of fresh fruit to families who need it the most.
"We continue to listen to our consumers and stay committed to making Lunchables Lunch Combinations a wholesome choice for moms and more enjoyable for kids. Fruit was the number one requested item for packed lunches," says Joe Fragnito, director of Lunchables marketing. "We wanted to create a fun, larger-than-life campaign to celebrate our exciting product news and give our consumers a chance to help keep the smiles coming across America."
Suggested retail price per pack is $2.99.


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Today in History
Thursday, February 7, 2013
Today is Thursday, Feb. 7, the 38th day of 2013. There are 327 days left in the year.
Today's Highlight in History:
On Feb. 7, 1943, during World War II, the government abruptly announced that rationing of shoes made with leather would go into effect in two days, limiting consumers to buying three pairs per person per year. (Rationing was lifted in October 1945.)
On this date:
In 1795, the 11th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, dealing with states' sovereign immunity, was ratified.
In 1812, author Charles Dickens was born in Landport, Portsmouth, England.
In 1857, a French court acquitted author Gustave Flaubert of obscenity for his serialized novel "Madame Bovary."
In 1863, the British Royal Navy corvette HMS Orpheus struck a sandbar and sank off the coast of New Zealand, killing 189 out of the 259 men on board.
In 1904, a fire began in Baltimore that raged for about 30 hours and destroyed more than 1,500 buildings.
In 1936, President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorized a flag for the office of the vice president.
In 1948, Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower resigned as Army chief of staff; he was succeeded by Gen. Omar Bradley.
In 1962, President John F. Kennedy imposed a full trade embargo on Cuba.
In 1971, women in Switzerland gained the right to vote through a national referendum, 12 years after a previous attempt failed.
In 1983, Elizabeth H. Dole was sworn in as the first female secretary of transportation by the first woman to sit on the Supreme Court, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor.
In 1984, space shuttle Challenger astronauts Bruce McCandless II and Robert L. Stewart went on the first untethered space walk, which lasted nearly six hours.
In 1999, Jordan's King Hussein died of cancer at age 63; he was succeeded by his eldest son, Abdullah.
Ten years ago: The government raised its terror threat level from yellow to "high risk" orange, warning of a growing possibility that al-Qaida would launch an attack against the United States to coincide with Muslim holy days. President George W. Bush courted the leaders of France and China in an uphill struggle to win U.N. backing for war with Iraq. Unidentified attackers bombed the exclusive El Nogal social club in Bogota, Colombia, killing 36 people and injuring 160 others. Tom Christerson, the longest-living recipient of a fully self-contained artificial heart, died at Jewish Hospital in Louisville, Ky., after 512 days on the AbioCor; he was 71.
Five years ago: John McCain effectively sealed the Republican presidential nomination as chief rival Mitt Romney suspended his campaign. Fourteen refinery workers were killed in a sugar dust explosion in Port Wentworth, Ga. A gunman opened fire at a Kirkwood, Mo., council meeting, killing three city officials and two police officers before being fatally shot by law enforcement. In Los Angeles, a man who claimed responsibility for the deaths of three relatives opened fire on a SWAT unit, killing one officer; the gunman was killed by a police sniper. After two months of delay, shuttle Atlantis blasted into orbit with Europe's gift to the international space station, a $2 billion science lab named Columbus.
One year ago: In a setback for Republican presidential hopeful Mitt Romney, Rick Santorum swept GOP caucuses in Minnesota and Colorado and a non-binding primary in Missouri. A federal appeals court ruled California's ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional, but gave gay marriage opponents time to appeal the decision before ordering the state to allow such weddings to resume.
Today's Birthdays: Author Gay Talese is 81. Former Sen. Herb Kohl, D-Wis., is 78. Actor Miguel Ferrer is 58. Reggae musician Brian Travers (UB40) is 54. Comedy writer Robert Smigel is 53. Actor James Spader is 53. Country singer Garth Brooks is 51. Rock musician David Bryan (Bon Jovi) is 51. Actor-comedian Eddie Izzard is 51. Actor-comedian Chris Rock is 48. Actor Jason Gedrick is 46. Actress Essence Atkins is 41. Rock singer-musician Wes Borland is 38. Rock musician Tom Blankenship (My Morning Jacket) is 35. Actor Ashton Kutcher is 35. Actress Tina Majorino is 28.
Thought for Today: "A cruel story runs on wheels, and every hand oils the wheels as they run." -- Ouida (Marie Louise de la Ramee), English writer (1839-1908).
Copyright 2013, The Associated Press. All rights reserved.


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Previous Episode | Next Episode
The Book Of PowerThe Book Of Power (1985) Season 1 Episode 103- M.A.S.K. Cartoon Episode Guide by Dave Koch
This page has been viewed 11 times this month, and 674 times total.
- M.A.S.K. Cartoon Episode GuideEpisode GuideTelevisionSeriesCartoon
- Traditional Animation
- DiC Entertainment, Ashi Pro, ICC TV Productions, Ltd., Kenner Parker Toys, Inc., Studio World
- Distributed by: LBS Communications, Scholastic Productions
- Cartoon Characters: Matt Trakker, Bruce Sato, Dusty Hayes, Hondo MacLean, Boris Bushkin, Bruno Shepherd, Max Mayhem, Nash Gorey, Buddy "Clutch" Hawkes, Ace Riker, Sly Rax, Duane Kennedy, Alex Sector, Floyd Malloy, Miles Mayhem, Jacques Lefleur, Nevada Rushmore, T-BOB, Calhoun Burns, Brad Turner, Julio Lopez, Gloria Baker, Vanessa Warfield, MASK Computer, Scott Trakker, Lester Sludge, Ali Bombay.
- Voice Actors: Doug Stone, Mark Halloran, Brendan McKane, Graeme McKenna, Sharon Noble, Brennan Thicke, Brian George.
- Directed By Bruno Bianchi, Bernard Deyriès, Tricia Piascik.
- Produced By Susan Cavan, Jean Chalopin, Andy Heyward, Tetsuo Katayama, Diana Dru Botsford, Mitsuya Fujimoto.
- Animated By Osamu Kamijo, Yuya Kishi, Yuko Tanabe, Masayo Tatemichi, Midori Terashima, Sumio Watanabe, Yoshikuni Nishi, Nobuhito Sakamoto, Kazutoshi Shimizu, Kuniko Hamano, Norio Hirayama; more Animators ...
- Written By Jina Bacarr, Rod Baker, Creighton Barnes, Patrick Barry, Jack Bornoff, Del Bruckman, Barbara Chain, Kerry Ehrin, Herb Englehardt, Mel Gilden; more Writers ...
- Music: Shuki Levy, Haim Saban.
- Editor: Toshio Henmi, Eiko Nishide, Dan Sexton.
- First Aired on October 02, 1985.
- Originally Released in Syndication.
- Running Time: 30 minutes.
- Episode Number: 103
- Season: 1
- Color
- Canada / France
Cartoon Summary:
V.E.N.O.M. steals an ancient book which holds the secrets of a mythological city of riches.
Cartoon Production Information:
Watch Cartoon Video:
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Jefferson County 23rd Annual Crime Victims' Candlelight Vigil
Press release from the Jefferson County Coalition for Victims of Crime:
Jefferson County Coalition for Victims of Crime Hosts 23rd Annual Crime Victims' Candlelight Vigil
"New Challenges. New Solutions"
2013 National Crime Victims' Rights Week: April 21-27
April 21, 2013, marks the beginning of National Crime Victims' Rights Week, a time to honor victims and the advocates of victims' rights. This year's theme-"New Challenges. New Solutions"-celebrates the spirit that will advance victims' rights.
Remarkable progress has been made for all crimevictims, despite many challenges. Only 30 years ago, crime victims had no rights, access to crime victim's compensation, or services to rebuild their lives. They were often excluded from courtrooms, treated as an afterthought by the criminal justice system, and denied an opportunity to speak at sentencing.
Yet through decades of advocacy and hard work, we have come a long way. Today, all states have enacted crime victims' rights laws and established crime victim's compensation funds. More than 10,000 victim services agencies help victims throughout the nation. Every year, states and localities receive millions of federal dollars to support these services.
National Crime Victims' Rights Week reminds us that many challenges remain. Crime victims' rights are not universal and are often not enforced. Advocates also face a host of new challenges as they strive to provide culturally competent services for increasingly diverse populations and victims of newly prevalent crimes. As funding decreases, providers must target their services more strategically.
"New Challenges. New Solutions" reminds us that we must craft a new vision for reaching all victims of crime. We must broaden our thinking, strategically plan our future, and creatively expand our resources and tools.
To honor all victims of crimes and the agencies that serve these victims and their families, The Jefferson County Crime Victims' Coalition will host its 23rd Annual Crime Victims' Candlelight Vigil on Thursday, April 25, 2013 at 6pm at the Jefferson County Courthouse Jury Impaneling Room.
Representatives from area agencies, as well as victims of crime will be available for interviews at the vigil. Please contact Misty Craver, 409-833-3377, mcraver [at] co [dot] jefferson [dot] tx [dot] us; Cindy Fertitta, 409-351- 6020, crisiscenterofsoutheasttxinc [at] gmail [dot] com.


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It's time for me to say a few words about Realm. Realm has been the longest and most complex project I've ever worked on, bar none. Even the Zark comics and games, despite the fact that I worked on them for long periods of time, don't approach the scope and complexity of this.
Some background: The first things I produced related to Realm were two pages of color vector-graphics comics. I made these the day after I first had the idea to do a humorous fantasy comic. Already then the title was Realm (the one factor which has never varied), but nothing else was remotely similar. As you can imagine, there was no planning whatsoever. I had the idea in the evening and I was vectoring (do you have a better verb?) the comics first thing the next morning. There were no developed characters, plot, setting, or anything that you might expect in any kind of quality production. As such, it only lasted for two pages, which is pretty pathetic when you remember that some of the comics I drew as a young teenager, such as The Terrible Troubles of Unlucky Freddy and Robin Hood 2002, got several times that. And Unlucky Freddy even got to go to space! What a gyp, huh, original Realm characters?
I rushed into the original Realm for a number of reasons: 1) that was how I started all my projects at the time, and 2) I wanted to start a webcomic. Sunrise was still a year away (only a year? jeez) and the idea of a fantasy serial I could plug various storylines into appealed to me. I was also reading a lot of old Bloom County comics at the time and I thought that I might be able to make it topical somehow. In retrospect, that was a terrible idea and I'm lucky that I didn't try that.
So once the first attempt proved to be a disaster, I decided I had better plan ahead a little bit this time. It was then that I developed the first version of these thrilling characters:
D and Harding. Zilch too. Harding was described with phrases like "Always looks like an idiot but doesn't realize it" and "He thinks he is heroic . . . but he is not." Beyond that his character was not developed. D was described as "evil, scheming," "only trusts herself," "takes advantage of everyone." Beyond that her character was not developed. Zilch was described as follows: "Wants to be knighted more than anything. However, his cowardice, incompetence, and occasional recklessness prevent him from doing anything noteworthy." Huh. Is that a motivation I see there? It just may be.
So what do you think happened next? Well, you can probably guess. I vectored two pages of Realm starring D and Harding (Zilch was introduced on page 2) and then stopped. Incidentally, they were practically identical to the original pages with the exception of the revised characters, so it should be no surprise that it worked no better the second time around.
For a while I stopped working on Realm completely, partly because I was working on Sunrise. The idea stuck with me, though, and little by little it began to develop. In 2009 I finally started to go about working on it the right way, with lots of rough sketches and story outlines. I didn't start drawing again until I was confident that I had the whole storyline established. This was in stark contrast to before, when I was just trying to "wing it" with no storyline at all.
You know what happened from there. I drew the first issue, posted it online, and then this year I posted the second issue, the one with D and Harding in it. As you probably recall, I stated then that I wasn't going to post any more Realm until I had the entire storyline worked out.
Well, writing is really hard, you can guess what's been happening since then. I've been working on developing the storyline, as promised, but it hit two snags named D and Harding. (Did any of you predict this during my long introduction?) These "characters," carried over from the earlier DOA attempt, were so vaguely defined that I was having a really hard time writing for them. Their introduction in Issue 2/Chapter 1 was dull and uninteresting (the only highlight being the delightfully insane Captain LaRusse) and highlighted the inherent problem of these characters: namely, that they were not characters at all. They had no motivations, personality quirks, flaws, definition… pretty much devoid of anything that qualifies as "character." This made them almost impossible to write for, especially in a context of humor. Zilch, however, was still working fine, as he was the only one who actually had definition. He, by contrast, is very easy to write for and is usually pretty funny. So, to cut it short, D and Harding are history.
So yesterday I began approaching these characters the way I should have the first time. I attempted to create characters who were similar enough to D and Harding that they can replace them while minimizing the amount of revision needed. This was challenging, in part because they must also be developed enough that they will, y'know, actually work. I've been studying the excellent webcomic Spacetrawler very carefully, because it is doing with science fiction what I am with fantasy. (Both are humorous stories about characters from Earth tasked with solving the problems of other worlds.) Spacetrawler's human characters each possess specific traits which define their actions. Pierrot wants to see equal rights extended to every species in the galaxy. Dmitri sees interstellar space as an opportunity to seek out new forms of pleasure. Dustin takes every opportunity to extend his own power and influence. It works quite well, and I'm learning a lot. (I'm also laughing a lot, because, as I've established, Spacetrawler works quite well. Full disclosure: I got sidetracked for nearly half an hour reading past pages while writing this essay.) So, in the above image you can see my early attempts at revising these characters. None have names yet (except the one on the far right, Sheila, but she's actually slightly older, dating back to my embarrassing Bechdel test analysis a while ago). I won't go into their personalities right now, but suffice to say I won't be writing any more until I'm certain that they are ready to handle it.
So, in conclusion, Realm has been an interesting experience. It's taken a long time to reach the point that it's at now, and there's still a lot to be done. While things like this feel like setbacks, since it takes a lot of time to replace a character with another, at the same time they're actually just an extension of the writing process. Realm has evolved a lot, and it will continue to evolve until I can finally declare it finished.
Will there be more online soon? I can definitively answer no. I shouldn't have put it online to the extent I already have, and what you've already seen will undoubtedly change significantly in my revision process. In the meantime, watch this space. There will be more about Realm as it develops.


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