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On Monday April 19th I was on furlough. I had already written about the volcano and the online experiences I had seen. But that was just 24 hours after the eruption had started (and as the disruption was only beginning to become clear). I was also still at the CHI2010 conference, and so it was before the #CHI2010 became #CHIstuck2010 as people ended up stuck here in Atlanta. It was because there were people who ended up stuck in Atlanta that I had written a blog post, a way to disseminate information about Atlanta. So, I was already beginning to explore the social media in crisis space. But largely as a matter of trying to be helpful.
One of the interesting challenges about furlough is that the Institute requires that I do no Institute business during furlough. So, I was at home. It's not clear to me what the boundaries of "Institute business" are when you are an academic, but I do enjoy not having to respond to email at the same speed. But, what to do on furlough? Suddenly I had this crazy novel idea, what if I tried to spend the day exploring social media in crisis? No, it's not scientific but I am sure I am not alone when I say that experience is a good place for starting to think about scholarly endeavours. I am in Interactive Computing, and what is Interactive Computing if it is not the myriad of information generated by social media in crisis. Highly interactive, highly responsive, oh yeah, it's got it all going on.
So, while GVU/CHI was working on accommodating our new guests, I decided to channel my advisor's advice, to experience first hand. I would be a citizen journalist, or a computational journalist. What follows is what I learnt.
Experiences from the volcanic frontier.
I would like to thank the Reykjavik Grapevine for great reporting. It's very sobering to see the pictures of the volcanic darkness that parts of Iceland are experiencing. But I would also learn that it was very valuable to have a range of sources, in English and not Icelandic, that were local to the scene of the volcano.
April 19 was a "good" choice for a furlough day. It was on April 19 that a new question emerged: Has Hekla erupted or not? Hekla is a volcano somewhat North of Eyjafjallajokull it consumed the twitter stream. My notes as follows:
The Twitter stream #ashtag has been very active and full of conflicting reports about whether a second volcano (for smaller but equally confused discussion follow #hekla). Some are saying that RUV are reporting it has, others are suggesting that the camera RUV had pointed at Hekla had been turned towards Eyjafjallajokull to capture images. You can see how complicated viral media like Twitter are when you look at the #ashtag stream. Google News has yet, when I last checked, to pick up any of this (either way, or the apparent confusion now generated). I have absolutely no idea how to confirm this. I thought about turning to the Icelandic state media but I can't find them because I don't know a) whether they exist and b) how to google for that in Icelandic, and then also (because I grew up in the UK) the BBC. I've now decided that perhaps waiting on Google News might work, seeing how much of the yes/no they pick up. So far, BBC and Google News remain silent, while #ashtag is off the charts in terms of numbers of tweets around this confusion, and MSNBC seemed to pick it up and now seem to have dropped the story (at least the difference between the two times I visited their home page).
Now, just a couple of hours later that meme seems to have passed, Google News and the BBC still remain silent, and a couple of people I see on Facebook have removed their Hekla posts, and it still seems to have disappeared from MSNBC). AShtag is still going strong, but I think it's calmed substantially from earlier.
Now the Reykjavik Grapevine is advising that Hekla has not blown, but rather the camera pointed at Hekla has been rotated to focus on Eyjafjallajokull.
And now the Huffington Post reports on the initially false twitter reports. Some people on twitter are also discussing how Twitter self-corrected pretty quickly. How good is good enough seems like an interesting question here.
One reason I camped out on the twitter stream, on several tags, was to take information and retweet it to the #chistuck2010 tag which people stuck after attending CHI were following. Initially I was putting it into my blog, but that became increasingly time consuming. It was also a challenge to switch among the various streams, there was so much information coming in so quickly. I felt constantly behind. I started following various twitterers including the airlines, NATS. In fact I was surprised by how many institutions have twitter accounts. Time passed as I worked on trying to sift and filter information and get it to the right place. A substantial proportion was also devoted to deciding that yes that information was correct. So, I now understand the nature of the work, the nature of critical thinking that is required… and perhaps not everyone does critically think, but I was struck by the discussions of information quality and accuracy that I saw.
Other responses to the situation that's now into it's 5th day have focused on humour. It's not just in Iceland that people have been laughing at how hard it is for non-Icelandic people to pronounce Eyjafjallajokull. It's also in New York: we got it too. Fortunately, one Icelandic person has set the name to song, that helps. Other forms of humour (which I can only assume were partially a stress relief) included some tag lines that were quite popular on the tweet stream.
- Put bag w/30B euros in unmarked bills by gate of Icelandic embassy in London & we'll turn off volcano
- We said send cash not ash
- The dying wish of Iceland's economy was to have its ashes scattered over Europe.
- I'm no volcanologist but has anyone tried throwing in a few virgins?
- Save the planet? Planet must be saying, "Save yourself idiots, I will be fine"
- Red moon at night, Vulcanologist's delight.
- Just been to Iceland. They have a special offer on Ash Browns.
- I trust everyone is learning to spell Eyjafjallajokull for this week's pub quizzes
And then of course people had to generate accounts for the volcanos and the ash cloud.
- @theashcloud: an account that tweeted :The Ash Cloud is a little worried that because I am not from the EU my dust will not be allowed to settle in the UK", and later "You think I'm bad. Have you seen Björk when she's pissed?" and then of course "The Ash Cloud is wondering…is grey the new black?It's always been my color anyway!"
- but there was also a competing icelandashcloud http://twitter.com/icelandashcloud
- http://twitter.com/Eyjafjalla (who is apparently a lava not a fighter)
- http://twitter.com/KatlaVolcano (a volcano which has a history of erupting alongside Eyjafjallajokull but is, thankfully, quiet for now)
Another set of responses invoked the Second World War.
Of course this reflects my orientation to the English language tweet stream (although oddly I find 140 characters helps me read French and German tweets also). Dan Snow, a BBC reporter lead a small D-Day like effort to retrieve Britons stuck in France. The Daily Mail picked it up as: "Operation volcano! Navy armada ready to pick up thousands of stranded Britons after France scuppers DIY rescue mission". But others reported far more personal accounts, including the following reflection on WWII and two CHI 2010 attendees talked about how they met a WWII veteran who had been captured in the Normandy Landings, and was delayed in returning home by 6 months. As they said not only did it add perspective, but they also commented on how they'd shared this with the BBC via their WiFi connection. They shared it with me via Facebook. Our communications networks do make something of a difference.
Another thing I found interesting about the references to WWII was that the lived experience of WWII is increasingly limited. I can't quite put my finger on why that matters, but I find it curious.
Some of the pictures that have been shared, and commented on, talk about the remarkable beauty in all the danger (and frustration). I include some here: Group 1, Northern Lights, Group 2, Group 3.
So, I also asked myself what are people doing? Rideshare is huge. As I tidy this up on April 22, rideshare is still dominating #ashtag and it is an astonishing testament of how many people are displaced at this time. And of course, there's also the life styles of the rich and famous approach to solving the problem. John Cleese became visible for hiring a taxi home from Norway. And then I saw this on the tweet stream:
There's a Barcelona taxi outside Gare du Nord in Paris. Someone paid a lot to get here
I said before that this really highlighted how interconnected we are. I followed reports about taking an Atlantic ship home, the Queen Mary 2nd. But the next transatlantic voyage 4.22 is already sold out and the waiting list has more than 1000 people on it. For some reason I'm under the impression that cargo liners can some times take passengers. And then there are the reports of how hard hit industries who rely on air freight are. Kenya's farmers have been severely impacted by the European flight ban. And because major hubs for international air delivery are located in Germany and France, so the notion that you can get world-wide delivery of items quickly has also been turned on its head. I apologise if this seems like a statement of the obvious, but I can't help being reminded again of how disruption reveals so much about the silent and invisible work that infrastructure does for us. The airlines play a central role in this. I used to know someone who studied air cargo movements and the ICTs that make this possible, I think of him and Susan Leigh Star again as I write this post. Another person who sums this up well is Peter Greenberg. As did Al Jazeera in a thoughtful report about how we expect what is not local.
And while many are not benefiting, demand for teleconferencing systems has gone way up. Also, environmentalists note that the amount of CO2 that the volcano produced is less than the amount saved by the cessation of flights.
For others it's an educational opportunity, to discuss Iceland's volcanoes. Ars Technica has a nice piece. Important to know is that Iceland is not a subduction zone, i.e. one plate not moving beneath another, which is the situation on the West Coast of the U.S. Rather, and I think this is correct, it's where two plates are moving apart. Look at terrain view of the Atlantic Ocean and you see a long spine of mountains that are roughly in the middle of the Atlantic. Most of them are under the water, but HELLO ICELAND.
And so that's what I saw and experienced.


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When Is Diarrhea Just Diarrhea?
gfgypsyqueen replied to RainyZ's topic in Parents' CornerI look for the other symptoms before sayng my daughter has been glutened. Changes in mood, disposition, hunger, sleep habits, pee habits, etc. along with the diarrhea usually indicate she has been glutened. Finding the source is always fun. The cat food could easily be a problem. Then again, crumbs on the table, floor, etc cause problems too.
P.f. Chang's
gfgypsyqueen replied to Katester's topic in Coping with Celiac DiseaseI love PF Chang's. But things can go wrong in any restaurant. Next time you go to a restaurant ask to speak to a manager before you order. Have them expalin what they do and answer all of your questions to make you feel more comfortable about eating there. Also, double check the rest of the products you use and eat. At a graduation it is possible that guests in the house did something wrong that got you sick. Hope you feel better.
Scope Or No Scope
gfgypsyqueen replied to WendyG's topic in Parents' CornerI am all for the scope. Your child may be more than a bit nervous about the scope see if she can talk t other kids who have had a scope done. It is quick and painless. The scope can be used to rule out other problems your child may be having. Most importantly the biospy is not something that the school or your child can deny. This disease can be depressing at times and I can see arguing with my parents as a teenager about whether or not I actually had the disease if they did not have the biopsy proof. (I was diagnosed as an adult.) Even with a biopsy disgnosis, I have had my family question the need to be 100% gluten-free all of the time.
Feeling A Little Down
gfgypsyqueen replied to FoxersArtist's topic in PregnancyWow you went through a lot during those pregnancies. It sounds like you and the kids are doing well. You are gluten-free now. Do you know if the kids are celiacs too? One of mine is. I know the decision to not have more kids is such a hard choice especially when your kids are young. Combining that decision with the life changing "no more gluten" lifestyle change is really hard on anyone's emotions. Adjusting to the gluten-free life can be really hard at first. Hopefully you'll start feeling better about everything soon. If not, be sure to talk to your husband and Drs about some options and alternatives.
Did Your Kids Do This?
gfgypsyqueen replied to B'sgirl's topic in Parents' CornerMy daughter was up all night complaining of being hungry before she was diagnosed. She was fed all night too because she was so sick. So it was a bad cycle. After a few weeks of being gluten-free/CF she slept well and we only have problems when she gets gluten-free or dairy. Her behavior and wetting the bed are the first indicators that something has gone wrong. I think after just a week or so the baby is still healing. Stomach cramps would probably be right. Just figure the baby has been used to diarrhea constantly and now all of a sudden the bowels are working right. I know mine had her first formed poop after a week or two on the diet. She was so happy. BTW: if family and church aren't "getting it" about gluten-free food, think about a medic alert bracelet. That made a HUGE difference for us.
13 Months Old, To Biopsy Or Not?
gfgypsyqueen replied to Chelsea_A's topic in Parents' CornerAgreed it is very hard and personal choice to do a biopsy on a young baby. The previous poster has excellent questions that I wish I had thought of at our appt. From my personal experience, load up on the gluten adn go for the biopsy and gene test. My daughter practically stopped growing at 9 mths. At her 2 yr check up she was falling off the growth charts and no dr was concerned. I had to fight for the testing and biospy. The biopsy was inconclusive. The gene test was positive. The Dr yelled at me for putting her on gluten-free/CF diet - but she has grown so much and changed so much and she reacts to gluten every time. I have no doubt she is a celiac; however, all of the Drs question the Celiac diagnosis before they look for any other possible problem she is having. So I really wish I could say "Yes, she is biopsy positive just like me, now lets address the current issues." If it helps, the biopsy is painless and pretty quick. Due to the age, your childs biopsy should be done in a hospital. Best of luck!
Not Sure What To Do
gfgypsyqueen replied to msmini14's topic in Coping with Celiac DiseaseI agree that in the beginning the restricted diet really sucks. If you don't feel comfortable going this year, then don't go but plan a great trip for you that weekend. No staying home bored and upset about what you are missing. Your boss may get the idea of eating on a restricted diet, but they don't understand it fully. Since food and drinks are such a big part of our society and business, find a way to be comfortable requesting business functions at certain places so you can eat too. Getting used to packing your food and calling caterers is not my first choice either, but I do it becasue my kids have allergies and celiacs too. I refuse to stay home because of this disease and I try hard to show them that this disease and allergies cannot limit their life - only they can. So when things settle down a little and you get more comfortable with the diet, plan to go to everything whether or not food is involved. You'll kick yourself for missing a good party and it will be better for your career. Buy translation cards for the mexican restaurants. Higher end restaurants can usually handle the gluten-free diet. I recently found an expensive Mexican place near me and had chicken enchaladas which was a great treat for me. If needed, call or stop in to the restaurant before hand and figure out food options with a manager. I agree with one of the other posters that you should at least go to the hotel and then go for a spa day or soemthing when everyone else goes to the game. If you decide to go to the game this year or next, buy a discreet tote bag cooler. Some look more like a handbag than a cooler. Pack it full of shrimp cocktail or some other really great snacks for you. You may not be able to enjoy the hotdogs on the buns, but you can pack some really great treats for you. Bring a sports bottle full of margarita's. The park might object to a flask of alcohol, but a sports bottle that looks like lemonade...noone will care (bring a Dr's note if needed). Hope things go easier for you soon.
Whether or not to get a biopsy seems to be a personal choice here. I personally believe it has helped me to have a positive diagnosis. One benefit is that they rule out other diseases. It also causes me problems (with Drs and with schools) for my one child who does not have an "official" Celiac diagnosis through biopsy. She reacts to gluten and is so much better gluten-free! Since you are sort of gluten-free now, it may be harder to go back on the gluten for months just for a biopsy. Look into Entero Labs as another option. If you believe you have Celiacs or gluten sensitivity where you would need to adhere to the gluten-free/CF diet, please do some research and get the knowledge you need to keep yourself healthy. You can still damage your intestines and increase your risks of serious problems later on by continuing to expose yourself to gluten whether or not you have reactions. FYI: I like eating breakfast out. If you get dragged to Deny's again, order fried eggs or have them crack eggs for your omlet. (I stick to Denver or Western Omlets.) The egg mix that is purchased by restaurants can be risky, so ask for the freshly scrambled eggs. The hash browns are fine. Make sure to tell them no bread on the plate. No grits, bread, biscuits, or toast. That is usually a safe meal and filling too
Need Help With School Project
gfgypsyqueen replied to Debby's topic in Celiac Disease Pre-Diagnosis, Testing & SymptomsI can't give you an exact amount, but I have been in many emergency rooms as a child with abdominal pain. As a young adult I had years of health problems and lables of bulemia and IBS (neither were correct). Throw in a couple of surgeries "to look around". Then I finally started getting really sick. My undiagnosed illness affected my new baby too. She's ok in the end. I finally lost a gallbladder and an appendix and got a diagnosis of Celiacs. Now I am much healthier. In total I would guess around $7K to $10K for my costs on surgeries, medications, lab work, etc. How much it ran without insurance I don't know. For my toddler, the meds, lab work, and testing has run around 3K and she still does not have an "official" diagnosis. She responded really well to the diet after an inconclusive biopsy for Celiacs. Hope the school project turns out well. Post the results
gfgypsyqueen replied to WarrenW's topic in Gluten Sensitivity and Behaviorwhen I first started out gluten-free, extreme irritability over small insignificant things is my indicator that something went wrong in gluten free land ) Now that I am gluten-free I don't have this problem anymore. Hope your wife tries the gluten-free diet. Is she a celiac?
Gas Prices---geez
gfgypsyqueen replied to darlindeb25's topic in Gab/Chat RoomNot to stir the pot too much here...but doesn't anyone see the need to force the car manufacturers to make the cars we NEED and WANT? The technology is there. I want a car that can fit my family & pets, fit my needs (light tow), but get a minimum of 35-45 mpg. Really I want better mileage than that! Why is it even an option to buy one of the many cars on the market that barely get 25 mpg? Let alone the trucks and SUVs that don't get 15mpg! I'm pretty sure my parents cars got 12 mpg back in the 70's. Maybe someone who was driving then knows better. The gas companies have us cornered, we need gas for these cars, trucks, buses, planes, etc. to get around. The gas companies will get their profits. From what I've heard the gas stations don't make much on a gallon of gas. They make their money on the drinks and snacks we buy in the store. Why can't we as consumers demand better quality cars that get great gas mileage or use alternative fuels at a good price?
How Easy Is It To Travel Gluten Free In The U.s?
gfgypsyqueen replied to amber's topic in Traveling with Celiac DiseaseI've traveled quite a bit in the US since being diagnosed a Celiac. My kids have additionaly food allergies too. (One is anaphylactic.) We still travel and do fine with a litte prep. Here are some of the things I do before we travel. Fly with a small discreet cooler with basic lunch for your child. (bring a letter from Dr stating she has Celiacs and requires a medically necessary gluten-free diet...sometimes that is needed at the security gates.) That letter may help you with hotels too. Hotel with "free breakfast" are pretty much useless. I have only stayed at a kitchenette place a few times. Most larger hotels will provide a small fridge and microwave at no cost, if medically necessary. (bring the letter for that) But, eating breakfast out is pretty much my easiest meal to eat out. (omlet with home fries) bring muffins or bread if needed. Google the area that you are going to visit and find healthfood stores nearby. In Southwest Florida we have Richards, Ada's, and Whole Foods. The Whole Foods by me doesn't have a great gluten-free supply, in my opinion. Call or e-mail the store well before your trip and see what they carry for gluten-free cookies, crackers, and other portable gluten-free snacks that your child likes. Safe restaurants that have gluten-free menus include: Outback, PF Chang's, Caraba's, Wendys, I can't think of the rest right now... you can check with Gluten Intolerance Group for a list of restaurants that they have worked with to create a gluten-free menu. At other restaurants I generally eat a burger no bun and fries if from a dedicated frier for lunch. For dinner steaks, shrimp, snow crab legs with baked potato and steamed veggies (plain) are usually fine. As for fun places, Disney is obviously great. Sarasota is on the west coast of Florida and has amazing beaches and the Mote Aquarium. That would be a great "calm" place for a few days. Busch Gardens (Tamp, FL) is tons of fun and lots of roller coasters and water rides, but not as great as Disney for the gluten-free safe foods. Busch Gardens is my kids favorite park right now. I would pack all of her meals if you don't plan on eating at the nice sit down restaurants. You can get chips, fruit cups, drinks easy enough. I think Seaworld is part of the same larger company. The blue ridge mountains in the Southeast has amazing moutains camping, rivers, white water rafting, etc. Not sure about the gluten-free supplies but it is a huge area, so Google the area and see if you can find something that works for you. The northeast (Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont) has more great mountains, camping, hiking, skiing, leaf changing season (Late Sept and October), and fishing villages, etc. At regular grocery stores Boars Head deli meats are gluten-free. So you can bring lunch meat salads, lettuce wraps, or sandwiches pretty easily. Hope you have a great trip!
Newly Diagnosed And Scared!
gfgypsyqueen replied to Tori F.'s topic in Coping with Celiac DiseaseHi and welcome to the neighborhood I've been sick with "stomach problems" on and off all of my life. I was finally diagnosed as a Celiac 5 yrs ago. The first few months can be really overwhelming. But it gets so much easier! I feel better now than I ever have. I don't get sick as much as I used to either so that is nice. I have two small kids. One has a serious nut allergy and the other has Celiacs, milk allergy, shellfish allergy, and possibly more. It sounds hard, but the kids learned very fast not to share food, not to accept food from any other parent or adult, and to read labels. My then two year would "read labels" at the store to try and help out. It always cracks me up! Plus both of them proudly announce to anyone who has what allergy in our family. You have to laugh when they do it. BTW, we still eat out. When it was just Celiacs and the nut allergy, we ate out all the time. (Look for restaurants with gluten-free menus to start out.) But now the youngest is still reacting to something, so we don't eat out much. That of course saves some money to make up for the money spent on the more expensive foods Plain foods like burgers no bun are usually safe. Post some more questions if you need help getting started. (Clan Thompson food lists really helped when I started out.)
Dh And The Military?
gfgypsyqueen replied to Naveed's topic in Dermatitis HerpetiformisRegardless of if you can get past the screening, I would be very concerned about the foods for deployment. On base you can always work somethign out, but in the field you have to rely on what food arrives. Technically they can handle a vegitarian, but I have heard of several who for whatever reason do not get their vegetarian MRE and have to go around in the field trying to trade the non-vegetarian parts of their MRE with others. Just logistically, I can't see how they could accomodate your gluten-free foods. However, if you are looking for a reserve service type of job, try looking outside of the military. Sheriff Department, Fire department, EMS, Power Squardron, Red Cross disaster teams...I think all of them have different types of auxillary jobs that might give you the fullfillment you were looking for in the military without the food problems and DH infection risks.
Right Abdominal Pain
gfgypsyqueen replied to Moongirl's topic in Post Diagnosis, Recovery & Treatment of Celiac DiseaseI've had lower right abdominal pains for years. It finally turned out to be adhessions. I had a very hard time getting anyone to really take that pain seriously. Celiacs and allergy to wheat are different. Go see a Gastorinterologist and get tested for Celiacs, provided you are NOT gluten-free now. If you are gluten-free, the test results will be skewed.

subset: commoncrawl


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That pretty much settles it. I much prefer being DPS to Tanking.
Let's see, as a Tank, all deaths are your fault, unless you die first. Then it's your gear's fault. Or your lack of skillz. All mobs are belong to you, unless you can get them Crowd Controlled. No CC? QQ. Your healer can't heal themselves out of a wet paper bag? Get yourself some better gear. Obviously.
But, being DPS. Pew pew. Pew pew. Pew. Pew pew pew. Pew KILLING BLOW! I can't believe how many times I had KILLING BLOW pop up on my screen last night. If a mob died, and I didn't see that, I was wondering "Did I blink?" "Did I just look away?" "Where the heck is my Killing Blow." I interrupt bad spells with a small Earth Shock. I keep relevant totems down and in play. I hurl lightning bolts like William Shatner. Two Heroics last night, one the daily, the other the normal dungeon daily done in Heroic mode, and like 9 Badges of Justice and some spiffy bracers, and I was feeling pretty good about things, holding my own against the Hunters.
Tanking is a thankless, but necessary job. (With most of my DS3, a few epics, I can say I've tanked some.)
Healing is a thankless, but necessary job. (I was the Resto Shaman, the gimp that played alts or BG'd when Molten Core wasn't being raided.)
But without DPS, you'll shortly be OOM then OOH. I'm loving the change of pace.
Msaker will go to the next Karazhan run. And Blackhoof will be the first to step into Zul'Aman.


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Smackdown: Provide the people of Africa with training, or with cold, hard cash?
In recent years, growing evidence supports the value of cash transfers. Research demonstrates that cash transfers lead to productive investments (in Kenya, Tanzania, and Zambia), that they improve human capital investments for children (in Burkina Faso, Tanzania, Lesotho, Zambia, and Malawi), and that they don't get spent on alcohol (all over the world).
At the same time, the vast majority of governments invest large sums in training programs, whether business training for entrepreneurs or vocational training for youth, with the goal of helping to increase incomes and opportunities.


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Video Broadcasting Systems | News
The University of Minnesota upgraded the control room of its football stadium and sports arenas with new HD equipment. The new systems allow producers to broadcast video and slow motion replay to the LED scoreboards and displays at each venue.
The institution has adopted two Zeplay systems, multi-channel instant replay solutions from Tightrope Media Systems. The systems, which deliver 16 channels of live replay, enable the production team to create sequences and load and export clips. Operators can view play from several angles, on a single display, with the systems' built-in multiviewer.
"We have anywhere from five to eight cameras that we want to record on any given game day," said Tadd Wilson, scoreboard and video operations manager for the school's athletic program, in a prepared statement. "We also interface with the TV trucks on-location, adding another four to seven cameras. The ability to record as many channels as possible was a top priority."
The Zeplays include tagging and key play marking features that allow operators to create highlight packages and player profiles from archived footage. The files, which are digitally exported to the school's archives, can be "recalled and played out as high-quality 4:2:2 HD files."
Additional information about the replay systems is available online.
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A Regexp holds a regular expression, used to match a pattern against strings. Regexps are created using the /…/ and %r{…} literals, and by the Regexp::new constructor.
Regular expressions (regexps) are patterns which describe the contents of a string. They're used for testing whether a string contains a given pattern, or extracting the portions that match. They are created with the /pat/ and %r{pat} literals or the Regexp.new constructor.
A regexp is usually delimited with forward slashes (/). For example:
/hay/ =~ 'haystack' #=> 0 /y/.match('haystack') #=> #<MatchData "y">
If a string contains the pattern it is said to match. A literal string matches itself.
# 'haystack' does not contain the pattern 'needle', so doesn't match. /needle/.match('haystack') #=> nil # 'haystack' does contain the pattern 'hay', so it matches /hay/.match('haystack') #=> #<MatchData "hay">
Specifically, /st/ requires that the string contains the letter s followed by the letter t, so it matches haystack, also.
Metacharacters and Escapes
The following are metacharacters (, ), [, ], {, }, ., ?, +, *. They have a specific meaning when appearing in a pattern. To match them literally they must be backslash-escaped. To match a backslash literally backslash-escape that: <tt>\\.
/1 \+ 2 = 3\?/.match('Does 1 + 2 = 3?') #=> #<MatchData "1 + 2 = 3?">
Patterns behave like double-quoted strings so can contain the same backslash escapes.
/\s\u{6771 4eac 90fd}/.match("Go to æ±äº¬é½") #=> #<MatchData " æ±äº¬é½">
Arbitrary Ruby expressions can be embedded into patterns with the #{...} construct.
place = "æ±äº¬é½" /#{place}/.match("Go to æ±äº¬é½") #=> #<MatchData "æ±äº¬é½">
Character Classes
A character class is delimited with square brackets ([, ]) and lists characters that may appear at that point in the match. /[ab]/ means a or b, as opposed to /ab/ which means a followed by b.
/W[aeiou]rd/.match("Word") #=> #<MatchData "Word">
Within a character class the hyphen (-) is a metacharacter denoting an inclusive range of characters. [abcd] is equivalent to [a-d]. A range can be followed by another range, so [abcdwxyz] is equivalent to [a-dw-z]. The order in which ranges or individual characters appear inside a character class is irrelevant.
/[0-9a-f]/.match('9f') #=> #<MatchData "9"> /[9f]/.match('9f') #=> #<MatchData "9">
If the first character of a character class is a caret (^) the class is inverted: it matches any character except those named.
/[^a-eg-z]/.match('f') #=> #<MatchData "f">
A character class may contain another character class. By itself this isn't useful because [a-z[0-9]] describes the same set as [a-z0-9]. However, character classes also support the && operator which performs set intersection on its arguments. The two can be combined as follows:
/[a-w&&[^c-g]z]/ # ([a-w] AND ([^c-g] OR z)) # This is equivalent to: /[abh-w]/
The following metacharacters also behave like character classes:
/./ - Any character except a newline.
/./m - Any character (the m modifier enables multiline mode)
/\w/ - A word character ([a-zA-Z0-9_])
/\W/ - A non-word character ([^a-zA-Z0-9_])
/\d/ - A digit character ([0-9])
/\D/ - A non-digit character ([^0-9])
/\h/ - A hexdigit character ([0-9a-fA-F])
/\H/ - A non-hexdigit character ([^0-9a-fA-F])
/\s/ - A whitespace character: /[ \t\r\n\f]/
/\S/ - A non-whitespace character: /[^ \t\r\n\f]/
POSIX bracket expressions are also similar to character classes. They provide a portable alternative to the above, with the added benefit that they encompass non-ASCII characters. For instance, /\d/ matches only the ASCII decimal digits (0-9); whereas /[[:digit:]]/ matches any character in the Unicode Nd category.
/[[:alnum:]]/ - Alphabetic and numeric character
/[[:alpha:]]/ - Alphabetic character
/[[:blank:]]/ - Space or tab
/[[:cntrl:]]/ - Control character
/[[:digit:]]/ - Digit
/[[:graph:]]/ - Non-blank character (excludes spaces, control characters, and similar)
/[[:lower:]]/ - Lowercase alphabetical character
/[[:print:]]/ - Like [:graph:], but includes the space character
/[[:punct:]]/ - Punctuation character
/[[:space:]]/ - Whitespace character ([:blank:], newline,
carriage return, etc.)
/[[:upper:]]/ - Uppercase alphabetical
/[[:xdigit:]]/ - Digit allowed in a hexadecimal number (i.e., 0-9a-fA-F)
Ruby also supports the following non-POSIX character classes:
/[[:word:]]/ - A character in one of the following Unicode general categories Letter, Mark, Number, Connector_Punctuation
/[[:ascii:]]/ - A character in the ASCII character set
# U+06F2 is "EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO" /[[:digit:]]/.match("\u06F2") #=> #<MatchData "\u{06F2}"> /[[:upper:]][[:lower:]]/.match("Hello") #=> #<MatchData "He"> /[[:xdigit:]][[:xdigit:]]/.match("A6") #=> #<MatchData "A6">
The constructs described so far match a single character. They can be followed by a repetition metacharacter to specify how many times they need to occur. Such metacharacters are called quantifiers.
* - Zero or more times
+ - One or more times
? - Zero or one times (optional)
{n} - Exactly n times
{n,} - n or more times
{,m} - m or less times
{n,m} - At least n and at most m times
# At least one uppercase character ('H'), at least one lowercase # character ('e'), two 'l' characters, then one 'o' "Hello".match(/[[:upper:]]+[[:lower:]]+l{2}o/) #=> #<MatchData "Hello">
Repetition is greedy by default: as many occurrences as possible are matched while still allowing the overall match to succeed. By contrast, lazy matching makes the minimal amount of matches necessary for overall success. A greedy metacharacter can be made lazy by following it with ?.
# Both patterns below match the string. The first uses a greedy # quantifier so '.+' matches ''; the second uses a lazy # quantifier so '.+?' matches ''. /<.+>/.match("") #=> #<MatchData ""> /<.+?>/.match("") #=> #<MatchData "">
A quantifier followed by + matches possessively: once it has matched it does not backtrack. They behave like greedy quantifiers, but having matched they refuse to "give up" their match even if this jeopardises the overall match.
Parentheses can be used for capturing. The text enclosed by the nth group of parentheses can be subsequently referred to with n. Within a pattern use the backreference </tt>n; outside of the pattern use <tt>MatchData[n].
# 'at' is captured by the first group of parentheses, then referred to # later with \1 /[csh](..) [csh]\1 in/.match("The cat sat in the hat") #=> #<MatchData "cat sat in" 1:"at"> # Regexp#match returns a MatchData object which makes the captured # text available with its #[] method. /[csh](..) [csh]\1 in/.match("The cat sat in the hat")[1] #=> 'at'
Capture groups can be referred to by name when defined with the (?<name>) or (?'name') constructs.
/\$(?<dollars>\d+)\.(?<cents>\d+)/.match("$3.67") => #<MatchData "$3.67" dollars:"3" cents:"67"> /\$(?<dollars>\d+)\.(?<cents>\d+)/.match("$3.67")[:dollars] #=> "3"
Named groups can be backreferenced with \k<name>, where name is the group name.
/(?<vowel>[aeiou]).\k<vowel>.\k<vowel>/.match('ototomy') #=> #<MatchData "ototo" vowel:"o">
Note: A regexp can't use named backreferences and numbered backreferences simultaneously.
When named capture groups are used with a literal regexp on the left-hand side of an expression and the =~ operator, the captured text is also assigned to local variables with corresponding names.
/\$(?<dollars>\d+)\.(?<cents>\d+)/ =~ "$3.67" #=> 0 dollars #=> "3"
Parentheses also group the terms they enclose, allowing them to be quantified as one atomic whole.
# The pattern below matches a vowel followed by 2 word characters: # 'aen' /[aeiou]\w{2}/.match("Caenorhabditis elegans") #=> #<MatchData "aen"> # Whereas the following pattern matches a vowel followed by a word # character, twice, i.e. <tt>[aeiou]\w[aeiou]\w</tt>: 'enor'. /([aeiou]\w){2}/.match("Caenorhabditis elegans") #=> #<MatchData "enor" 1:"or">
The (?:…) construct provides grouping without capturing. That is, it combines the terms it contains into an atomic whole without creating a backreference. This benefits performance at the slight expense of readabilty.
# The group of parentheses captures 'n' and the second 'ti'. The # second group is referred to later with the backreference \2 /I(n)ves(ti)ga\2ons/.match("Investigations") #=> #<MatchData "Investigations" 1:"n" 2:"ti"> # The first group of parentheses is now made non-capturing with '?:', # so it still matches 'n', but doesn't create the backreference. Thus, # the backreference \1 now refers to 'ti'. /I(?:n)ves(ti)ga\1ons/.match("Investigations") #=> #<MatchData "Investigations" 1:"ti">
Atomic Grouping
Grouping can be made atomic with (?>pat). This causes the subexpression pat to be matched independently of the rest of the expression such that what it matches becomes fixed for the remainder of the match, unless the entire subexpression must be abandoned and subsequently revisited. In this way pat is treated as a non-divisible whole. Atomic grouping is typically used to optimise patterns so as to prevent the regular expression engine from backtracking needlesly.
# The <tt>"</tt> in the pattern below matches the first character of # the string, then <tt>.*</tt> matches Quote". This causes the # overall match to fail, so the text matched by <tt>.*</tt> is # backtracked by one position, which leaves the final character of the # string available to match <tt>"</tt> /".*"/.match('"Quote"') #=> #<MatchData "\"Quote\""> # If <tt>.*</tt> is grouped atomically, it refuses to backtrack # Quote", even though this means that the overall match fails /"(?>.*)"/.match('"Quote"') #=> nil
Subexpression Calls
The \g<name> syntax matches the previous subexpression named name, which can be a group name or number, again. This differs from backreferences in that it re-executes the group rather than simply trying to re-match the same text.
# Matches a ( character and assigns it to the <tt>paren</tt> # group, tries to call that the <tt>paren</tt> sub-expression again # but fails, then matches a literal ). /\A(?<paren>\(\g<paren>*\))*\z/ =~ '()' /\A(?<paren>\(\g<paren>*\))*\z/ =~ '(())' #=> 0 # ^1 # ^2 # ^3 # ^4 # ^5 # ^6 # ^7 # ^8 # ^9 # ^10
Matches at the beginning of the string, i.e. before the first character.
Enters a named capture group called paren
Matches a literal (, the first character in the string
Calls the paren group again, i.e. recurses back to the second step
Re-enters the paren group
Matches a literal (, the second character in the string
Try to call paren a third time, but fail because doing so would prevent an overall successful match
Match a literal ), the third character in the string. Marks the end of the second recursive call
Match a literal ), the fourth character in the string
Match the end of the string
The vertical bar metacharacter (|) combines two expressions into a single one that matches either of the expressions. Each expression is an alternative.
/\w(and|or)\w/.match("Feliformia") #=> #<MatchData "form" 1:"or"> /\w(and|or)\w/.match("furandi") #=> #<MatchData "randi" 1:"and"> /\w(and|or)\w/.match("dissemblance") #=> nil
Character Properties
The \p{} construct matches characters with the named property, much like POSIX bracket classes.
/\p{Alnum}/ - Alphabetic and numeric character
/\p{Alpha}/ - Alphabetic character
/\p{Blank}/ - Space or tab
/\p{Cntrl}/ - Control character
/\p{Digit}/ - Digit
/\p{Graph}/ - Non-blank character (excludes spaces, control characters, and similar)
/\p{Lower}/ - Lowercase alphabetical character
/\p{Print}/ - Like \p{Graph}, but includes the space character
/\p{Punct}/ - Punctuation character
/\p{Space}/ - Whitespace character ([:blank:], newline, carriage return, etc.)
/\p{Upper}/ - Uppercase alphabetical
/\p{XDigit}/ - Digit allowed in a hexadecimal number (i.e., 0-9a-fA-F)
/\p{Word}/ - A member of one of the following Unicode general category Letter, Mark, Number, Connector_Punctuation
/\p{ASCII}/ - A character in the ASCII character set
/\p{Any}/ - Any Unicode character (including unassigned characters)
/\p{Assigned}/ - An assigned character
A Unicode character's General Category value can also be matched with \p{Ab} where Ab is the category's abbreviation as described below:
/\p{L}/ - 'Letter'
/\p{Ll}/ - 'Letter: Lowercase'
/\p{Lm}/ - 'Letter: Mark'
/\p{Lo}/ - 'Letter: Other'
/\p{Lt}/ - 'Letter: Titlecase'
/\p{Lu}/ - 'Letter: Uppercase
/\p{Lo}/ - 'Letter: Other'
/\p{M}/ - 'Mark'
/\p{Mn}/ - 'Mark: Nonspacing'
/\p{Mc}/ - 'Mark: Spacing Combining'
/\p{Me}/ - 'Mark: Enclosing'
/\p{N}/ - 'Number'
/\p{Nd}/ - 'Number: Decimal Digit'
/\p{Nl}/ - 'Number: Letter'
/\p{No}/ - 'Number: Other'
/\p{P}/ - 'Punctuation'
/\p{Pc}/ - 'Punctuation: Connector'
/\p{Pd}/ - 'Punctuation: Dash'
/\p{Ps}/ - 'Punctuation: Open'
/\p{Pe}/ - 'Punctuation: Close'
/\p{Pi}/ - 'Punctuation: Initial Quote'
/\p{Pf}/ - 'Punctuation: Final Quote'
/\p{Po}/ - 'Punctuation: Other'
/\p{S}/ - 'Symbol'
/\p{Sc}/ - 'Symbol: Currency'
/\p{Sc}/ - 'Symbol: Currency'
/\p{Sk}/ - 'Symbol: Modifier'
/\p{So}/ - 'Symbol: Other'
/\p{Z}/ - 'Separator'
/\p{Zs}/ - 'Separator: Space'
/\p{Zl}/ - 'Separator: Line'
/\p{Zp}/ - 'Separator: Paragraph'
/\p{C}/ - 'Other'
/\p{Cc}/ - 'Other: Control'
/\p{Cf}/ - 'Other: Format'
/\p{Cn}/ - 'Other: Not Assigned'
/\p{Co}/ - 'Other: Private Use'
/\p{Cs}/ - 'Other: Surrogate'
Lastly, \p{} matches a character's Unicode script. The following scripts are supported: Arabic, Armenian, Balinese, Bengali, Bopomofo, Braille, Buginese, Buhid, Canadian_Aboriginal, Carian, Cham, Cherokee, Common, Coptic, Cuneiform, Cypriot, Cyrillic, Deseret, Devanagari, Ethiopic, Georgian, Glagolitic, Gothic, Greek, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Han, Hangul, Hanunoo, Hebrew, Hiragana, Inherited, Kannada, Katakana, Kayah_Li, Kharoshthi, Khmer, Lao, Latin, Lepcha, Limbu, Linear_B, Lycian, Lydian, Malayalam, Mongolian, Myanmar, New_Tai_Lue, Nko, Ogham, Ol_Chiki, Old_Italic, Old_Persian, Oriya, Osmanya, Phags_Pa, Phoenician, Rejang, Runic, Saurashtra, Shavian, Sinhala, Sundanese, Syloti_Nagri, Syriac, Tagalog, Tagbanwa, Tai_Le, Tamil, Telugu, Thaana, Thai, Tibetan, Tifinagh, Ugaritic, Vai, and Yi.
# Unicode codepoint U+06E9 is named "ARABIC PLACE OF SAJDAH" and # belongs to the Arabic script. /\p{Arabic}/.match("\u06E9") #=> #<MatchData "\u06E9">
All character properties can be inverted by prefixing their name with a caret (^).
# Letter 'A' is not in the Unicode Ll (Letter; Lowercase) category, so # this match succeeds /\p{^Ll}/.match("A") #=> #<MatchData "A">
Anchors are metacharacter that match the zero-width positions between characters, anchoring the match to a specific position.
^ - Matches beginning of line
$ - Matches end of line
\A - Matches beginning of string.
\Z - Matches end of string. If string ends with a newline, it matches just before newline
\z - Matches end of string
\G - Matches point where last match finished
\b - Matches word boundaries when outside brackets; backspace (0x08) when inside brackets
\B - Matches non-word boundaries
(?=pat) - Positive lookahead assertion: ensures that the following characters match pat, but doesn't include those characters in the matched text
(?!pat) - Negative lookahead assertion: ensures that the following characters do not match pat, but doesn't include those characters in the matched text
(?<=pat) - Positive lookbehind assertion: ensures that the preceding characters match pat, but doesn't include those characters in the matched text
(?<!pat) - Negative lookbehind assertion: ensures that the preceding characters do not match pat, but doesn't include those characters in the matched text
# If a pattern isn't anchored it can begin at any point in the string /real/.match("surrealist") #=> #<MatchData "real"> # Anchoring the pattern to the beginning of the string forces the # match to start there. 'real' doesn't occur at the beginning of the # string, so now the match fails /\Areal/.match("surrealist") #=> nil # The match below fails because although 'Demand' contains 'and', the pattern does not occur at a word boundary. /\band/.match("Demand") # Whereas in the following example 'and' has been anchored to a # non-word boundary so instead of matching the first 'and' it matches # from the fourth letter of 'demand' instead /\Band.+/.match("Supply and demand curve") #=> #<MatchData "and curve"> # The pattern below uses positive lookahead and positive lookbehind to # match text appearing in  tags without including the tags in the # match /(?<=)\w+(?=<\/b>)/.match("Fortune favours the bold") #=> #<MatchData "bold">
The end delimiter for a regexp can be followed by one or more single-letter options which control how the pattern can match.
/pat/i - Ignore case
/pat/m - Treat a newline as a character matched by .
/pat/x - Ignore whitespace and comments in the pattern
/pat/o - Perform #{} interpolation only once
i, m, and x can also be applied on the subexpression level with the (?on-off) construct, which enables options on, and disables options off for the expression enclosed by the parentheses.
/a(?i:b)c/.match('aBc') #=> #<MatchData "aBc"> /a(?i:b)c/.match('abc') #=> #<MatchData "abc">
Free-Spacing Mode and Comments
As mentioned above, the x option enables free-spacing mode. Literal white space inside the pattern is ignored, and the octothorpe (#) character introduces a comment until the end of the line. This allows the components of the pattern to be organised in a potentially more readable fashion.
# A contrived pattern to match a number with optional decimal places float_pat = /\A [[:digit:]]+ # 1 or more digits before the decimal point (\. # Decimal point [[:digit:]]+ # 1 or more digits after the decimal point )? # The decimal point and following digits are optional \Z/x float_pat.match('3.14') #=> #<MatchData "3.14" 1:".14">
Note: To match whitespace in an x pattern use an escape such as \s or \p{Space}.
Comments can be included in a non-x pattern with the (?#comment) construct, where comment is arbitrary text ignored by the regexp engine.
Regular expressions are assumed to use the source encoding. This can be overridden with one of the following modifiers.
/pat/u - UTF-8
/pat/e - EUC-JP
/pat/s - Windows-31J
/pat/n - ASCII-8BIT
A regexp can be matched against a string when they either share an encoding, or the regexp's encoding is US-ASCII and the string's encoding is ASCII-compatible.
If a match between incompatible encodings is attempted an Encoding::CompatibilityError exception is raised.
The Regexp#fixed_encoding? predicate indicates whether the regexp has a fixed encoding, that is one incompatible with ASCII. A regexp's encoding can be explicitly fixed by supplying Regexp::FIXEDENCODING as the second argument of Regexp.new:
r = Regexp.new("a".force_encoding("iso-8859-1"),Regexp::FIXEDENCODING) r =~"a\u3042" #=> Encoding::CompatibilityError: incompatible encoding regexp match (ISO-8859-1 regexp with UTF-8 string)
Certain pathological combinations of constructs can lead to abysmally bad performance.
Consider a string of 25 as, a d, 4 as, and a c.
s = 'a' * 25 + 'd' 'a' * 4 + 'c' #=> "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaadadadadac"
The following patterns match instantly as you would expect:
/(b|a)/ =~ s #=> 0 /(b|a+)/ =~ s #=> 0 /(b|a+)*\/ =~ s #=> 0
However, the following pattern takes appreciably longer:
/(b|a+)*c/ =~ s #=> 32
This happens because an atom in the regexp is quantified by both an immediate + and an enclosing * with nothing to differentiate which is in control of any particular character. The nondeterminism that results produces super-linear performance. (Consult Mastering Regular Expressions (3rd ed.), pp 222, by Jeffery Friedl, for an in-depth analysis). This particular case can be fixed by use of atomic grouping, which prevents the unnecessary backtracking:
(start = Time.now) && /(b|a+)*c/ =~ s && (Time.now - start) #=> 24.702736882 (start = Time.now) && /(?>b|a+)*c/ =~ s && (Time.now - start) #=> 0.000166571
A similar case is typified by the following example, which takes approximately 60 seconds to execute for me:
# Match a string of 29 as against a pattern of 29 optional # as followed by 29 mandatory as. Regexp.new('a?' * 29 + 'a' * 29) =~ 'a' * 29
The 29 optional as match the string, but this prevents the 29 mandatory as that follow from matching. Ruby must then backtrack repeatedly so as to satisfy as many of the optional matches as it can while still matching the mandatory 29. It is plain to us that none of the optional matches can succeed, but this fact unfortunately eludes Ruby.
One approach for improving performance is to anchor the match to the beginning of the string, thus significantly reducing the amount of backtracking needed.
Regexp.new('\A' 'a?' * 29 + 'a' * 29).match('a' * 29) #=> #<MatchData "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa">
Regexp serialization/deserialization
re.c ext/json/lib/json/add/core.rb
Cheat Sheet
I have written a short introduction and a colorful cheat sheet for Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE) as used by Ruby's Regexp class:
Testing Regular Expressions?
Writing regular expressions is never easy. You may use http://rubular.com to test and optimize your regular expressions.
Check out this simple example:
"Hello Ruby friend".sub(/^(.*)e/, 'X') # => "Xnd" "Hello Ruby friend".sub(/^(.*?)e/, 'X') # => "Xllo Ruby friend"
The question mark turns the dotstar into non-eager mode which means it will halt on the first subsequent "e" rather than the last one. This comes in handy e.g. for Cucumber step definitions.
Okay, but not really nice:
/^I am using rvm "([^\"]*)" with gemset "(.*)"$/
Much more readable and consistent equivalent to the above:
/^I am using rvm "(.*?)" with gemset "(.*?)"$/
Loop through matches of your regular expression-based search
If you want to loop through the matches of a regular expression, String#scan is your friend. You can do something like this:
matches = '12345'.scan(/\d/) matches.each do |m| puts m end # => 1 # => 2 # => 3 # => 4 # => 5


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Nicolasrmj needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 61 designs submitted by 19 freelance designers.
We are a group of five entrepreneurs that have been working in different areas of the marketing world. We are from Colombia, South America and we live in Bogotá. We have been working in the digital marketing world for some years and that's why, we want to launch this knew project with a great logo.
We know that US Market is the leader in any online business and that's why we have chosen to start with you guys to create our brand. Nonetheless, we think that there is talent in Colombia but our project is a market place and nothing better than starting our brand through a market place like 99designs.
As Colombians, we like to keep things simple and easy to understand. We live in a country that has had tragic history and finally, a couple of years ago the economy is growing and people are starting to buy. With this in mind, we as Colombians struggle every day to make the best out of what we do. We are considered very hard workers and very creative persons. Please see videos attached: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH3wrANwmxg&NR=1
We hope that are brand can create feelings such as the ones you sensed watching the videos. This is a new company, created by young and hardworking people like amazon, facebook, zappos, twitter, foursquare, etc. We believe in the power of internet and that's what we want to deliver.
http://www.sucicla.com is the first bicycle market place in Colombia and south America. Bicycles are very popular in Colombia so our target audience is huge. There are professional riders (Like lance Armstrong type) to people who just ride for hobby or work. The city of Bogotá, is the first one in the world to have a day for bicycle riders every week. This day many streets are closed for vehicles and can only be used if you have a bicycle. Please see video attached: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELa5CHsUepo.
This is why, we think internet is the only way people can find, sell and buy bicycles of any tipo.
This market place, like any other (ebay.com, alibaba.com, 99designs, ect.) wants there users to find it easy to use and really clean.
The logo should be clean and should represent that http://www.sucicla.com is the place to find, buy and sell bicycles. People should be able to identify that the http://www.sucicla.com is a market place.
We want a logo that can be easy recognized. That identifies the core business (Market place) but also that transmits the future in Colombia. Every day, people worry about climate changes and bicycle is a transportation method that the world is getting to know so we would like that our brand also transmits the future of helping the world.
Creativity is open to all of you. We would like to see color proposals, formats, fonts, etc.
Maybe searching for signs that are normally placed on the streets can give you ideas to start. But don't think this is the idea we have in mind.
The only thing we want to make sure is that the logo fits well in merchandize products.
Vintage is maybe the best word to describe what we are looking in the logo.
Remember, this is an online business in Colombia. We speak Spanish. Cicla is the short word for bicyle. So http://www.sucicla.com stands for http://www.yourbike.com.
Imagine going to a site called yourbike and hope to find what you are looking for. We want to name it like that because we hope to assure people that http://www.sucicla.com is the place to find what they really are looking for.
Please do not use stock images or clipart in the logo. Remember, vintage maybe the key!!
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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By MEGAN JAMES
MIDDLEBURY — Usually when Nancie Dunn attends the National Stationery Show in New York City she goes as a buyer for her Middlebury country gift store, Sweet Cecily. This year she'll be on the other side of an exhibit booth, selling her handmade greeting cards.
Dunn started making her own cards about three years ago when her store was low on Easter cards. She took up marker and paintbrush and whipped out a small series of colorful cards to fill the racks. The first batch sold so well, she followed up with another.
"It just took off," she said. "And they've gotten better and better as I've done more and more."
A graduate of the Philadelphia College of Art, where she majored in children's illustration, Dunn has always felt the pull to create her own art. Frog Hollow Craft Center was just opening when she moved to Middlebury in 1972, and she got a studio downstairs where she worked as a graphic designer.
She created the craft center's frog logo and worked with its artists and craftspeople to design their business cards, stationery and letterhead, shifting her own illustration onto the backburner for a while. Since opening Sweet Cecily in 1987, the Main Street store has been her priority.
Until three years ago, that is, when she found the perfect creative outlet in her cards.
"It combines my real love of words with my real love of illustration," she said.
More importantly for Dunn, the simplicity of card-making seems to quiet her perfectionist side.
"I think that when you are a maker of anything … sometimes you hold yourself to a standard that doesn't allow you to move forward," she said. "I realized that I didn't have to be Michelangelo to do greeting cards."
By JOHN FLOWERS
MONTPELIER — State lawmakers on Wednesday began reviewing a menu of $46.3 million in potential spending cuts and revenue adjustments to compensate for an estimated $24.5 million shortfall in Vermont's fiscal year 2009 general fund budget.
The potential spending/revenue adjustments were developed by the Joint Fiscal Office and representatives of the House, Senate and Douglas administration. Released at around 11 a.m. on Wednesday, the proposed adjustments seek to remedy a major revenue shortfall predicted on Tuesday by state economists.
Since lawmakers and Gov. James Douglas have vowed to not raise any broad-based taxes this year, the Legislature will have to find economies within the $1.2 billion spending plan passed earlier this month by the House.
Red ink is also looming in the state's transportation and education funds, which pushes the total potential fiscal year 2009 revenue shortfall to around $30 million.
"People are working cooperatively to do the dirty job of looking where to cut," said Sen. Claire Ayer, D-Weybridge, who serves on the Senate Finance Committee and is Senate majority whip. "I don't think there will be anything held sacred, except for the education fund."
The menu of potential cuts unveiled on Wednesday included:
• $5.6 million from the executive branch, including hiring freezes, possible job cuts and a 25 percent reduction in the travel budget.
• $20.5 million from human services, including elimination of state-only prescription programs under Medicare Part D; closing the Northwest State Correctional Center in St. Albans and sending those inmates out of state; and limiting inflationary increases to 1.25 percent for nursing homes, mental health care agencies and developmental services agencies.
MIDDLEBURY — Middlebury voters on May 20 will be asked to approve local option taxes of 1 percent on sales, rooms, meals and alcohol transactions in town for the next three decades in order to raise $7 million for a new bridge that will span the Otter Creek at Cross Street.
Selectmen made that decision on Monday evening, only hours after Gov. James Douglas signed into law a charter change that would give Middlebury the authority to implement local option taxes.
The board also decided on Monday to limit the lifespan of the new taxes to 30 years — the same timeframe for payback on an already-approved $16 million bond issue to fund the bridge, which will link Main Street with Court Street as a means of reducing gridlock in the downtown.
Middlebury College has pledged to cover $9 million of the project costs. The institution will make annual payments of $600,000 over 30 years, beginning when the span opens to traffic — perhaps as soon as the fall of 2010.
Figures provided by the Vermont Tax Department indicate a 1-percent local option tax on sales, meals, rooms and alcohol would've netted Middlebury $725,319 in 2007. That sum acknowledges the 30 percent in local option tax revenues that Middlebury — and any other community implementing such taxes — must turn over to the state for its payment-in-lieu-of-taxes program.
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greenairfield wrote:Sam it is no suprise to me that you fancy k/k I don't think you talk about any other topic other than k/k on this forum.
Why are Birr limited sam? They were in the county final last year and were just one point behind with 10 minutes to go.
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$page = "Corporate News" ; ?>
Safe Harbor Statement
This press release contains forward-looking information. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, each of which speaks only as of the date made. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties which are disclosed in the Company's
Contact: Cindy Poehlman Chief Financial Officer
ParkerVision, Inc.904-732-6100 firstname.lastname@example.com or Laurie Little The Piacente Group212-481-2050 firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - A bipartisan group of senators on Wednesday began trying to sell a freshly written, 844-page immigration bill knowing that changes will be made but vowing to protect the pillars of what they hope will become a landmark law.
The ambitious plan, to give legal status to around 11 million illegal immigrants, already has won some powerful backing.
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, a Democrat, on Wednesday called it a "very strong bill," promising, "I will do everything in my power to get this legislation across the finish line."
Reid's endorsement came on the heels of President Barack Obama's embrace of the bill on Tuesday, even before the eight Democratic and Republican authors posted it online hours later.
The bill was greeted skeptically by some conservatives, however, arguing among other things that it could be too costly, a theme which has gained traction among Tea Party groups across the country. Some Tea Party activists organized a protest Tuesday at one of Florida offices of Republican Senator Marco Rubio, one of the bill's sponsors who was elected with Tea Party support.
Lawmakers, lobbyists and immigration groups girded for a long, tough fight that is expected to extend at least through the summer and with no guarantees of success on the bill that would also make it easier for industry, particularly high-tech industry and agriculture, to hire workers from abroad.
The sales job on the legislation, "Border Security, Economic Opportunity and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013," began in earnest on Wednesday in a room on the second floor of the U.S. Capitol, just off the Senate chamber.
Sixteen Democratic senators met with immigration groups, labor union officials, civil rights activists, civil liberties organizations and others to discuss the bill and air concerns.
Democratic Senator Charles Schumer of New York, one of the bill's main authors, emerged from that meeting acknowledging the long road ahead after months of intensive negotiations over legislation that would make the 11 million undocumented residents wait 13 years before qualifying for citizenship.
"There are obviously going to be changes. But we've agreed, all of us, that we can't let the core of the bill be undone," the New York Democrat said.
Angela Kelley, an immigration expert with the liberal Center for American Progress, said the meeting was "largely very sunny."
But she and other immigration reform advocates rattled off several concerns with the bill that will be presented to the Senate Judiciary Committee.
While saying that they would push for changes, they also acknowledged that all sides must be careful not to do anything to stop the momentum for an immigration bill this year.
Reform efforts got a major boost after Hispanic-American voters soundly rejected Republican candidates in last year's elections. That growing bloc of voters lashed out after hearing Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney talk about making life so hard for illegal immigrants that they "self deport."
Immigration groups' objections to the bipartisan bill ranged from excluding gay couples from new protections to worries about "triggers" that have to be in place - ensuring that U.S. borders have been secured against illegal entry - before any of the undocumented can begin receiving permanent residence and then U.S. citizenship.
Referring to the bill's pathway to citizenship, Frank Sharry, executive director of America's Voice, which pushes immigration reform, said: "Man, it's got a lot of rocks and boulders in it and it's long. Too long for us."
Sharry added a "sleeper issue" was emerging over a provision that would force newly legalized residents to renew their status after six years. "You're going to have to meet certain income and work requirements. What does that mean for domestic workers and day laborers and homemakers?" he asked.
Furthermore, there is mistrust in the immigration reform community over whether future, more conservative administrations will either slow or block citizenship for some of the 11 million, Sharry said.
For African-American members of Congress, objections could surface over the bill's elimination of "diversity visas" that were largely aimed at helping émigrés from Africa.
Conservatives have much different worries, ranging from granting "amnesty" to those who are living illegally in the United States, to limits on certain types of foreign laborers to the potential costs of the bill, which they argue will come from benefits going to immigrants once they obtain permanent legal status.
Rubio, a potential presidential contender in 2016, has taken on the role of rebutting conservative objections. He spent part of Wednesday trying to squelch a spreading line on conservative blogs and talk radio that the legislation includes free cellphones - dubbed "Marcophones" by the right - for some who work near the U.S. border with Mexico.
Rubio's office put out a statement explaining that the provision is designed to help enhance communications for border residents so they can report violence in the region.
Underscoring the difficulties of passing a bill, Schumer said some Republican senators from the South raised concerns with agricultural provisions late on Tuesday, sparking a last-minute round of closed-door negotiations before the bill was publicly posted.
Schumer said those senators' concerns were met and added that the legislation is starting from a much stronger position than a previous bill did in 2007 before it ended in failure.
Citing improvements in the 2013 bill versus 2007, Schumer said: "The path (to citizenship) was not just onerous, it was impractical. They did not have an agreement on guest workers with business and labor on board. We have agreement."
Despite those improvements, Rubio urged the public to "read this bill and tell us what we can do to make it better."
Meantime, a bipartisan group working in the House of Representatives said that it could soon set forth its own proposal.
House passage of a comprehensive bill is thought to be even more fraught with difficulties than in the Senate.
Many conservative House Republicans prefer that Congress bypass a comprehensive approach and take limited steps on immigration, such as strengthening border security and improving high-tech firms' access to skilled foreign labor.
But immigration groups vow to step up their push for a comprehensive bill, now that legislation has been unveiled.
"Now it's going to be the immigration reform movement against the nativists," Sharry said. "We're back in the public sphere and that, from our point of view, plays to our strengths. It's no longer in a back room with eight members. Now it's a public fight."
(Editing by Fred Barbash, Doina Chiacu and Tim Dobbyn)


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- Premier League
Wenger: Arsenal will sign 'exceptional' players only
Arsene Wenger reaffirmed his desire to bring in new players during the January transfer window, but insists he will only consider "exceptional" talent to bolster his squad.
Wenger has been linked with players such as Newcastle striker Demba Ba, as well as Manchester United winger Nani. It was also reported Klaas-Jan Huntelaar was a target for the Gunners before the Dutchman extended his deal with Bundesliga outfit Schalke last week.
Wenger is believed to have up to £30 million to spend on transfers next month, and the Frenchman says he will utilise those funds should the right players become available.
"We are in the market but only if we find players who will really strengthen us because we have a good squad. But if we find an exceptional player then we will take him.
"We lacked fluidity in our attacks against Wigan and continuity in our attacking play but we won because of our will to win. And, with the way things are now, I won't turn my nose up at that," he is quoted as saying in the English press.
Wenger will have more time for scouting over the festive season after Arsenal's clash with West Ham - scheduled for Boxing Day - was postponed.


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SCO Forum: Dueling with Linux & Microsoft
SCO Against the World
While thousands of members of the Linux community flocked to San Francisco for LinuxWorld, a smaller group of several hundred resellers convened in Las Vegas last week at SCO Forum, where they heard SCO officials deliver a competitive strategy that was anti-Linux and anti-Microsoft, almost in the same breath.
SCO rolled out some products for its value-added resellers (VARs) too--most visibly, a new "virtual server" codenamed Project Fusion. Pegged for release a year or two from now, the new server is seen as bringing together SCO's two existing operating environments--SCO Unix and UnixWare--while supporting non-SCO OS, too.
Meanwhile, SCO is targeting a new offering for resellers--dubbed the SCO Office Appliance Program--directly at the Microsoft market, according to Erik W. Hughes, SCO's senior director of product management and strategic alliances.
Addressing all of the forum attendees during a general session, SCO CEO and President Darl McBride attacked Microsoft's "perpetual use" licensing fees. SCO Unix is more cost effective for users than either Windows or Linux, he contended.
Not surprisingly, though, McBride reserved most of his criticism for Linux. The Linux community is both "a boon and a bane" for Linux, McBride said. On the "bane" side, Linux is characterized by "built-in obsolescence," he maintained,
"Linux [is an] organized set of volunteers and vendors," according to McBride.
On the whole, McBride came across as a lot less conciliatory than he seemed at SCO's OpenServer 6 launch in New York City in June.
During the legal discovery process, SCO recently found out that AutoZone--one of its courtroom foes--has "copied thousands of programs," he charged.
Yet by now, he admitted, SCO is spending "98 percent of our resources" on new product development, and merely two percent on the three current court cases versus AutoZone, IBM, and Novell.
In an interview later, McBride said SCO will soon "cap out" on its legal expenses, meaning that all installments will have been paid to lawyers under a $30 million deal which is supposed to cover SCO in all IP-related court disputes.
In his keynote at SCO Forum, McBride noted that, due to these high profile legal cases, SCO took the dubious honor of "most searched on company name" in Google last year.
Not too long ago, "a lot of people had never even heard of SCO," observed Al Gillen, an IDC analyst.
During his own keynote at SCO Forum, Gillen predicted a future business computing environment that will revolve around PC-based virtual servers from a handful of vendors. Each virtual server will be able to manage servers and clusters based on multiple OS, according to the analyst.
A few years down the road, Linux and SCO Unix each stand a good chance of landing among "the survivors," Gillen said.
SCO holds strengths in the areas of both a standardized application stack and long-time penetration of the SMB market, he added.
Over time, Red Hat has seemed to back away from SMBs, focusing more on enterprises instead, the analyst illustrated.
In an interview later, though, Gillen said that the company's legal strife might hurt SCO as it tries to expand into new SMB verticals--and that therefore, building more applications will be especially important.
During breakout sessions and meetings with reporters, although not in the general session, SCO officials cited new partnerships with MySQL and EnterpriseDB for open source databases and Borland for tools, all geared toward generating more SCO apps.
SCO also has existing database customers that include IBM for Informix, Computer Associates for Ingres, and Progress Software, Hughes said during a meeting.
"It's surprising who'll partner with you when you're making money," Hughes added.
Oracle, however, still steadfastly refuses to support SCO Linux, McBride said.
Also last week, SCO announced the appointment of Tim Negris, a former IBM and Oracle executive, as senior VP of marketing.
Negris will be seeking new market opportunities for SCO with SMBs, McBride said during a press conference.
The new senior VP quipped to reporters that he's neither a "plant" nor a "spy."
SCO won't have sales figures available for OpenServer 6 for another couple of weeks, according to McBride.
But SCO officials gave 374 as the number of attendees at SCO Forum 2005, claiming that the roster is smaller this year because, for the first time, attendance is limited to North Americans, and all showgoers must be VARs or distributors, as opposed to customers. SCO is now addressing other world markets through a series of shows overseas.
Ironically, a few of the VARs trekking to Las Vegas said they derive more satisfaction from meeting with other SCO VARs than they think they'd get from the open source/Linux community.
"I'm here because I think I can make a difference in the SCO community. People really listen to each other," said George J. Fulop of TSG, a VAR specializing in the petroleum industry.
But more predictably, many attendees at the SCO show said they were in Las Vegas--rather than San Francisco--last week because SCO Unix is a major ingredient in their bread and butter.
"We support SCO and Microsoft, in addition to customers who are using Linux. But I'm not sure how any (VAR) really makes a business (solely) out of Linux," said Deepak Thadani, president of Sys Integrators.
Citing Linux maintenance issues, D. Barry Weir, an accounting software reseller, noted that a colleague of his, whose software previously supported SCO only, has just added a version for Linux
"(But) to me, the biggest problem (around Linux) is that it seems to require more expertise and [on-site] maintenance than my customers are able to give," said Weir.


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At various points during the 2012 season, it was believed that the Giants were close to working out a long-term deal with receiver Victor Cruz, an undrafted free agent who has salsaed into the hearts of Giants fans everywhere. Indeed, at one point it seemed that Cruz may have been allowing the potential consequences of a significant injury on his contract situation to creep into his head, DeSean Jackson style.
Once the season ended, it was presumed that a long-term deal rewarding Cruz for his two years of bargain-basement performances would happen soon.
Nearly two months after the season ended, it still hasn't.
Ralph Vacchiano of the New York Daily News recently took a comprehensive look at the situation. The problem seems to be, as it usually is, that the player wants more than the team is willing to pay for the undrafted free agent who has become one of the best young wideouts in the game.
With the Giants holding the ability to squat on Cruz for one more year via the rules of restricted free agency, Cruz has two choices: (1) play for the inevitable one-year first-round tender he'll be receiving (at roughly $2.9 million); or (2) not accept the offer and stay away from offseason workouts and preseason and training camp and possibly up to 10 weeks of the regular season.
There's a third option, if any other team is willing to fashion an offer sheet and part with a first-round pick if the Giants opt not to match. In recent years, however, the RFA market has dried up like a raisin on a mirror at high noon in Ecuador.
Whether or not the lack of interest in restricted free agents amounts to collusion, Cruz can't count on other teams chasing him.
As Vacchiano points out, however, Cruz over the weekend played the "somewhere else" card when talking about his situation. Whether "somewhere else" would be next year as a free agent or this year as a restricted free agent for which a team drafting late in round one gives up its first-round pick is something about which we'll know plenty more in the coming weeks.


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Hardly retina display
A 2048 x 1536 resolution on a 9.7" screen only gives a dpi of 264. Hardly retina display like the iPhone 4/4S.
Apple's next iPad will indeed feature a 2048 x 1536 "retina" display - if an Asian whisperer is right to say LG, Samsung and Sharp have already shipped more than one million such screens to the fruit-flavoured firm. This month, claims the mole, they will ship two million units to Apple, DigiTimes says. Separate reports have …
The calculation is a little more complex than that. You have to factor in the distance the screen is away from the eye. Certainly I hold my iPad at a greater distance than my iPhone.
So (without being arsed to do the actual calculation myself), that may well put 264dpi into the realm of 'retina' (the marketing term), whereby the pixels are indistinguishable from one another.
Apple's retina display claim is that 300ppi at 12" is the maximum that the eye can resolve. The iPhone's display is 336 ppi.
300 pi at 12" gives 57 arcseconds per pixel. To get the same angle at 264ppi, the equivalent distance would be 348mm (almost 14").
I'd say that it is reasonable to expect an iPad to be held a few inches further away than a phone.
There may well be a fault in my hasty calculations, but I don't have time to double check.
Heh, TVs always seem doomed to lag behind. Just when they start getting to a reasonable resolution of 1920 x 1080 along comes an iPad with this astonishing concentration of pixels.
As a logic check, though, I thought that the point of naming it the retina display was that they belived that it was at about the maximum resolution your eye could perceive? If so, surely these extra pixels will be wasted? Or is the retina display only on iPhones at the moment?
TV resolution has been lagging behind for quite a while. NTSC or PAL has had sub 640x480 quality since inception, however, most computers have had minimum of 640x480 since 1990. It wasn't until 720i and the like rolled along that we got anything better. The nice thing was the push for TVs to be 1080p (and LCD) that killed CRTs and improved computer resolution for the mainstream from the old 1280x1024 (at best) to a more default 1366x768 (cheapos) or the 1920x1080. Still not the optimal (for now) 1920x1200, but it is still better than what we had just in 2001.
Sell them a iPad2 for Christmas
Make it obsolete at New Year so you can sell them a new one.
I really hope this leads to a push to higher res screens becoming more generally available. There just aren't enough pixels. 1920x1200 screens have been around on laptops for a decade, but seem to be dropped in favour of low-res 1920x1080 so called HD screens. What we needs is more pixels not less.
A retina display is defined by Apple as a display with a pixel density that is the maximum that a human eye can distinguish *at the normal viewing distance for that screen*.
The iphone is typically viewed at a distance of, IIRC, ~12 inches, and the maximum pixel density that the human eye can distinguish at that distance is ~300, so the iphones density of 326 makes it a "Retina" display.
The iPad is typical held rather further away from the eye, where the maximum pixel density that the human eye can distiguish is a bit lower, so a retina screen for an iPad presumably only needs to be >250ish to do the same job.
More pixels to drain the battery and strain the CPU.
We don't need it. 1600x1200 (or 1900x1200) on PCs has been fine for a decade because nobody wants more unless they have a giant screen, even though GPUs will drive more than that. Even gamers spending £2k on their rig are happy with it.
There's a good reason for it. Pixel doubling and dimension doubling is dead easy to implement. It's what Palm did on their PDAs when they went from 160x160 to 320x320.
If you go from 1024x768 to 1280x1024 (as an example) or similar then every pixel has to be multiplied by 1.25 and fractional scaling is ugly and a pain in the ass.
The trouble with PCs is that their OS can't really make any use of higher resolutions, everything gets smaller with the smaller pixels and while you can cram more toolbars and icons and windows onto the screen there are tight limits to that since you still need to be able to read and click all these tiny things. A netbook running Windows on a 10" screen with 2048x1536 pixels would be just unusable and totally pointless.
The iPad goes the other way, the UI and fonts and everything stays at the same (absolute) sizes, the OS just uses more pixels to render buttons and icons and text, making everything look better and more sharp and clean. Around 300 DPI is what you want to have for things printed on paper and there is no reason to not want to have the same kind of detail and smoothness on a display, really.
It's very much like b/w displays against colour back then: At first it seems like a gaudy gimmick, but go back after getting used to see colours and you see there's something missing.
But some of us do work where we would really find it useful to have a lot more pixels on the screen.
Mostly gamers don't need lots of pixels, they need high screen drawing rates.
Everyone is likely to have different needs, but their are a lot of people who'd find the ability to display a lot more information on the screen a real boon.
People put plastic protection over their display (anti-glare/reflection) which dulls the display and makes the term 'retina type display' moot.
I bought the Galaxy tab 10.1 and forgot to tell them to put a 'normal' layer of protective plastic on it. After it was treated with the anti-glare sheet, it was like all fine resolution was sanded out of it. Naturally I had to pay extra to get a 'normal' protective layer.
I asked the shop keeper, a keen seller of iPhone 4's, if customers complained about the dullness.
"What dullness?" was her response.


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Carlos Luna '01, MSED
Coordinator of Bands
Laredo Independent School District
While working with his father on the family farm, Carlos Luna learned a work ethic that did not just apply to harvesting crops. He learned the meaning of personal sacrifice for a cause greater than himself, and he applies to his students today.
When he was a junior in high school, his father was in an accident that rendered him bedridden. Being the oldest, Luna missed school in order to work the farm and tend to the livestock. Because he put the needs of his family ahead of his own educational pursuits, his parents rewarded him with financial assistance for college.
His love of music led him to pursue an undergraduate degree in music, but it was his desire to bring awareness to the importance of music education that led him to pursue his master's at TAMIU. The patience and determination he learned as a young man when he planted, cultivated, and harvested crops, is now applied in planting the love of music in his students - cultivating their talent, and harvesting the bounty of the melodies they make under his direction.
Luna's strong advocacy in music education has earned him respect and praise among music educators across the state.
Alumni Relations / Office of the Vice President for Institutional Advancement
email@example.com • TEL 956.326.GIVE (4483) • FAX 956.326.2174
5201 University Boulevard, Killam Library, Rm. 261
Laredo, Texas 78041-1900
Texas A&M International University
5201 University Boulevard
Laredo, TX 78041
© 2019


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Comm100 Products:
Powerful bass from tiny cabinets has never looked so good. The Optimum Series features a contoured cabinet design and beautiful high-gloss, black piano lacquer finish. The Optimum Series also features a front panel interactive display. Each time you press a button on the included remote control, the results are displayed on the front panel. Adjust volume, select one of the four customized listening presets, correct phase, turn on or off the front LED, or limit the output for late night listening. Never again will you have to get up and reach behind your subwoofer to adjust for each different source. Beautiful styling, unmatched performance, low distortion, ease of use and incredible dynamic output; it's just what you'd expect from Velodyne.
MSRP: $2,000.00 each


text:
Warm Season Grasses
By Lee Haggerty
When some birds and small
mammals head for cover, they
choose native warm-season
grasses over introduced coldseason
grasses. Find out why and
what a landowner can do to help.
Freshwater Mussels
By Janet Clayton
Through relocation and
propagation, WRS personnel have
been working diligently to restore
populations of freshwater mussels
in West Virginia.
West Virginia's
Big Game Bird
By Steven E. Rauch
The wild turkey has long been a
part of West Virginia's rich history.
Discover a turkey's facts of life.
Field Trip:
Stonewall Jackson Lake
Wildlife Management Area
Wildlife Diversity Notebook: Spring Peeper
Sense of Wonder: Fish for Fun
Wild Almanac
Nature Note
Digital Edition


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This technique yields a fitted sheet that will lie flat in the linen closet. (Instructions are for a right-handed person; reverse them if you're left-handed.)
1. With the sheet inside out, place one hand in each of two adjacent corners.
2. Bring your right hand to your left, and fold the corner on your right hand over the one in your left, so the corner on top is right side out. Next, reach down and pick up the corner that is adjacent to the one that was in your right hand (it will be hanging in front), and fold it over the other two corners; this third corner will be inside out.
3. Bring the last corner up, and fold it over the others so it is right-side out.
4. Lay the sheet on a flat surface, and shape as shown. Fold two edges in, so all the elastic is hidden.
5. Fold the strip of fabric into a rectangle. Continue folding until the rectangle is the size you want.


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The UIL really likes the number "three".
Last Tuesday the Sweetwater High School Band participated in UIL Concert and Sight Reading Contest in Abilene. These are the second and third phases of a three-part evaluation that Texas Bands have undergone since the 1930's. Each phase of competition includes a panel of three adjudicators. In order for a band to earn the highest possible score, at least two out of three judges must award a "first division" or superior rating. The UIL Sweepstakes is designed to reward excellence in the three most measurable aspects of public school band curriculum – marching, prepare concert performance, and ability to sight read music "on the spot".
The first round of competition comes in the fall, where the UIL evaluates Marching Bands. Last fall the Sweetwater Mustang Band received first division ratings from all three judges. In the spring, bands prepare three concert pieces for the UIL's second phase of competition. To insure that the pieces are of suitable difficulty and quality, two of the selections must be chosen from a prescribed list of worthwhile compositions. The third piece must be a march of the conductor's choice. Again, the Sweetwater High School Band received first division ratings from all three UIL Judges. Judge Richard Graham commented in his evaluation of Sweetwater, "This band has a good quality, focused, characteristic tome! The band plays very musically!" Judge Robert Vetter added "Lots of wonderful music making on 'Polly Oliver. - Awesome clarinet solo!" Judge David Eakins summed it up, "Very mature sounds from this band. Tonal concepts are outstanding. Great balance and blend. Great 'march style" - very light and clearly articulated. Super changes in articulation patterns. Percussion does superior work! Sweetwater, you are demonstrating very impressive musicianship. Phrasing is outstanding. This is a great band!"
The final round of competition takes place only minutes after the band performs it's three prepared pieces. They immediately move to a room where they are shown a brand new piece of music, and are given eight minutes to 'look it over. Then the band must perform the piece! Again, Sweetwater earned superior ratings from all three judges. Adjudicator Ed Hefti commented in his critique, " Solid overall performance – really nice sounds from start to finish." Forrester Halamicek added, "Wonderful controlled sounds and playing! Good rhythmic stability and precision. Nice job of letting melodic lines come through – good listening and execution. A really musical reading of this piece!" Finally, judge Tim Edins added, "Good phrasing – nice gentle style. Balance overall was very good. Band – you read well!"
The band is now preparing for their competition in Dallas on April 28, and their Spring Concert on May 10.


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Criticism on MAPS
MAPS contains thousands of pages of criticism on 161 modern and contemporary poets, including many original essays and excerpts from previously published works.
This criticism can currently be searched by poet through the poet search page, or through the classic list of poets.
If you would like to add to this extensive critical literature, you may submit an essay through the critical submissions form.
Return to Modern American Poetry Home


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Lainer: I bought the RRS plate/grip for my 1 and 2...OUTSTANDING. I actually dropped my DP2 before getting the grip, so I really appreciate it. This camera is just that much better with a tripod, and my small, light tripod is the Promaster T525P carbon fiber with a Sunway ArcaSwiss style head.Sigma hoods, no case, Domke small canvas bag holds the 1 and 2 at the same time. I use B&H almost exclusively for purchase.
...but I don't want to buy something that is overkill. It's all confusing to me.
Quick question about VF21 viewfinder - does it have dioptric adjustment - does it need it for folks who need specs for close vision? (not sure of the optical principles of direct vision viewfinders)
The VF1 does not have dioptic adjustment, but I can use it either with my reading glasses on or off. When I don't use my glasses the image in the finder is less focussed although the frame line seems unaffected. I tend to find using it without glasses easier despite less clarity, but this may be a personal preference.
I would by a L-plate from RRS - a small RRS ballhead - and a carbonfibre tripod from Velbon ( i bought one very cheap and it is just very well made and light )The RRS is good but very expensive(6x) ...i do not think it will make the difference...and do not forget a remote control to avoid camera shake..I use the light Velbon as well as a 7 KG tripod with my nikon d800 but must say the Velbon never lets me down...i love L-plates and the ballheads from RRS -i have the bh40 and the smallest ; the latter will be sufficient for this merrill and is very lightweight
That's the most interesting moire example I've seen so far (#82). A result of jpeg compression or...?
There is no moire ... This is just optical illusion due to low scale picture...


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