text:
|Achiote Butter-Basted Turkey
Achiote paste is a combination of vinegar, spices and annatto seeds, which have a unique, earthy taste. Basting the turkey with butter and achiote yields a moist, richly flavored bird, and the slightly piquant sauce is a refreshing change of pace from traditional gravy. Offer your favorite mashed potatoes, and pour a Pinot Noir.
Char poblano chilies over gas flame or in broiler until blackened on all sides. Enclose chilies in paper bag. Let stand 10 minutes to steam.
Peel and seed chilies.
Puree 4 ancho chili halves with 1/2 cup soaking liquid in blender. Add roasted poblano chilies; puree. Season with salt and pepper. Drain remaining 2 chili halves; chill. (Puree and soaked chilies can be made 1 day ahead. Cover separately and chill.)
Preheat oven to 350°F. Rinse turkey inside and out. Pat turkey dry. Sprinkle turkey with salt and pepper. Cut remaining 2 ancho chili halves into strips. Place chili strips and onion in turkey cavity.
Mix butter and achiote paste in small bowl to blend. Run fingers between turkey breast skin and meat to loosen. Rub half of achiote butter over turkey breast under skin. Rub butter over outside of turkey. Place turkey in large roasting pan. Tuck wings under turkey. Tie legs together to hold shape. Pour 1 1/2 cups broth into pan.
Roast turkey 45 minutes. Tent turkey loosely with foil. Continue roasting until meat thermometer inserted into thickest part of thigh registers 180°F, basting every 30 minutes with pan juices, about 3 1/2 hours. Transfer to platter. Tent with foil.
Pour turkey pan juices into measuring cup. Spoon off fat from pan juices, reserving 1/4 cup fat. Add enough remaining broth to pan juices to measure 3 cups. Return 1/4 cup fat to roasting pan. Place pan over 2 burners set at medium heat. Add Masa Harina; whisk until mixture resembles paste, scraping up any browned bits, about 2 minutes. Gradually whisk in pan juices. Add chili puree; simmer 5 minutes to blend flavors. Season gravy with salt and pepper. Serve turkey with gravy.
Serves 14.
From: Bon Appétit November 1997
Copyright 1997 - 2001
10153 1/2 Riverside Dr. #459
Toluca Lake, California 91602
323 * 578-5603
Email: email@example.com


text:
A bakery is an establishment that produces and sells flour-based food baked in an oven such as bread, cakes, pastries, and pies.Some bakeries provide services for special occasions.
Cucamonga Cakery
Old Town Baking Company
Ontario Bakery
Corner Bakery Cafe
Corky's Kitchen & Bakery
Panera Bread
Crepes De Paris
Mimi's Cafe
Food 4 Less
The Cheesecake Factory
Foothill & Vineyard
Souplantation- Rancho Cucamonga
Deli Bakery
Sweet Mercantile Co
Panera Bread
Coco's Bakery Restaurant
Classy Cafe
Mrs. Fields
Juice Garden Bakery
Baking Nirvana
Modern Donuts
Ribbon Cakes
Nong Shim Communications USA
Cherries On Top - Event Planners & Catering
N7 Creamery
Bake My Day
Patti Cakes Family Bakery
Suite One Hundred Six Cpckry
Mrs. Fields
Cookie Lee Jewelry Consultant
Red Ribbon Bakeshop
Valerio's Tropical Bake Shop
Sara Lee Bakery Group
Suite 106 Cupcakery
Costco Bakery
Nothing Bundt Cakes Rancho Cucamonga
Christine's Creations
Lola's Argentine Mexican Grill & Bakery
Gluten Free Cottage
Ontario Bakery
Marie Callender's Restaurant & Bakery
The Local Baker and Cafe
Sam's Club
My Delight
Crusty Tart Bakery
The Thinnery
Rustic Loaf
Dolce Bistro & Bakery
Almazan Bakery
Cayelli Pretzels Inc
Stater Bros.
For more Bakeries in Rancho Cucamonga click here :http://us.wowcity.com/ranchocucamonga/?what=Bakery
They can also offer in store baking and basic cake decoration.Nonetheless, many people still prefer to get their baked goods from a small artisan bakery, either out of tradition, the availability of a greater variety of baked goods, or due to the higher quality products characteristic of the trade of baking. Check it out!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Lawrence County, Kentucky Researchers List!
Last Updated: Wednesday, July 28, 2010 11:17 AM
Welcome Cousins, Friends & Fellow Researchers!
The focus of this page is simply to create a central location to register your name, e-mail, family web page, and the Lawrence County, Kentucky surnames that you are researching. Some of the folks on this list are very serious researchers, while others may have only a casual interest in genealogy, but may have valuable family information that they are willing to share with others. The folks who have submitted their contact information to this list, have agreed to treat others with respect and maintain an environment of mutual sharing of information.
Since I began my own family search in July of 1996, I've had the pleasure of meeting and exchanging family information with some remarkable Internet cousins. Their eagerness and ever willingness to help has been wondrous. The offers of data, guidance, and moral support have been genuinely appreciated and has truly touched my heart. I am very proud to be counted as their Kentucky kin.
Many of you already know Chuck and Joyce (Burton) Wallace. In September of 1997, cousin Chuck came up with a particularly good idea. He's always coming up with ideas, but he finally hit upon a "good" one. Chuck envisioned a single location to list of all of the folks researching their Lawrence County, Kentucky ancestors. After discussing his idea with several of the cousins and utilizing all the "charm" he could muster up, he finally persuaded me to agree to coordinate the list. With the editing assistance of another dear cousin, Linda Smith, Chuck's idea has come to fruition.
The idea was embraced with so much enthusiasm from our fellow Lawrence County researchers that I was inspired to put together this web page. As we move forward, I anticipate continued upgrades/enhancements to this page. I wish you all good luck in your search!
Joanne (Hamilton) Elliott - Seneca Falls, New York


text:
My interests are in the fields of Computer Vision and Statistical Learning. In particular my research activity includes
theory and algorithms for classification, feature selection and unlabeled data analysis.
study and development of methods for object detection and recognition in images and image sequences and modeling of complex dynamic events
analysis and development of applications in the fields of video-surveillance, biometrics and computer vision for Entry Descent and Landing (EDL).
Currently I am research coordinator of two funded technology transfer programs, with Thales Alenia Space spa and Gigavision srl.
I teach Computer Vision for the First Degree and Master Degree courses in Computer Science at Università degli Studi di Genova. Recently I held two PhD courses on theory and applications of Statistical Learning: Dottorato Europeo in Tecnologie dell'Informazione, ARCES, Università di Bologna (2007) and Dottorato in ''Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Informazione e la Conoscenza" Università degli Studi di Genova (2008, 2009,2010), the latter with Lorenzo Rosasco.
At present I am supervising two PhD students: Giovanni Fusco and Luca Zini, both sponsored by a Regione Liguria research grant.
Research keywords: computer vision, learning algorithms, object detection, behavior understanding, feature selection, video-surveillance.


text:
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - A photo taken by a Jacksonville Beach runner who had just completed his first Boston Marathon was described by the FBI as one of the best photos yet of the man the FBI called "suspect 2" walking away from the scene of Monday's bombings.
David Green took the picture with his iPhone and posted it on Facebook earlier in the week. Thursday night, the FBI contacted him and asked him for the original, high-resolution version. The image was taken at the corner of Fairfield and Boylston streets showing several people running from the bombing. Suspect 2, wearing a white ball cap backwards, appears in profile walking away.
"The first bomb hit about 100 yards from me. I heard it and thought it was a canon going off. Then I saw the second bomb go off in front of me -- about a quarter of a block away," Green said. "People were really charging at me; it was stampede. I could flee or help. I pulled my camera out and took one snapshot."
LINK: Green's original photo, Facebook post
VIDEO: Green talks about his photo, emotions
Green said he did not remember noticing the man now identified as Dzhokhar Tsarnaev walking in the white hat.
"From there I ran to see if I could help people," Green said. "I was incapable of helping anybody because that was well beyond anything what I had seen or could deal with."
He said Thursday evening, after the FBI released their surveillance photos of the suspects, a friend texted to say he zoomed into Green's Facebook photo and saw a clear shot of Suspect 2.
The FBI contacted Green on Thursday night asking to could get his original, high-resolution photo. He said it shows the power of social media.
"I live in Jacksonville and this is up in Boston," Green said. "I felt joy that I actually have done something helpful in the case."
Green said agents told him that his picture was the best they had because it was taken from a better camera than the others that were posted.
"I really feel detached trying to process what I saw there, which was horrifying," Green said. "You can't help people you see people die and maimed like that. At this moment, I feel a little bit of joy and a little bit of anger after seeing these guys being taken down. I think it's great. I feel a lot of sadness for people whose lives will be changed in a horrible way."
Green said that after this experience, he is committed to returning to the Boston Marathon next year.
Copyright 2013 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
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text: Hi Patrick, Interesting to know that you nowadays market ethernet cards. Still some knowledge on other companies switches you also seem to posses. Congrats. My faith in the switch and crossbars is actually quite high. Not so much in the MPI-cards however. Let's assume for now that I was speaking of highend network cards that receive and send MPI packets in our myri cluster. Let's say we got a cool quad xeon MP node @ 64 logical cores @ 3.x Ghz. Soon a very popular machine i'd guess. Not really any other x86 cpu that can take it on head to head. The upcoming release of the 'beckton' cpu from intel. The monster that probably eats more power than any intel x86 cpu before :) Feeding the monster node is not so dead easy. Just look at 1 node now please. You've got at the MPI card 1 big long packet of a few megabyte that gets received. Idemdito a few other threads get a few megabyte sized packets. At same time of all this, the card also gets a packet of a few bytes for thread 42. What is the time now for thread 42 to get the packet? Will it first handle all the megabyte sized packets, or give the quick short packet already 'in between' to our "logical core 42"? Thanks, Vincent p.s. i expect of course the answer '42' :) On Feb 12, 2009, at 2:30 AM, Patrick Geoffray wrote: > Vincent Diepeveen wrote: >> All such sorts of switch latencies are at least factor 50-100 >> worse than their one-way pingpong latency. > > I think you are a bit confused about switch latencies. > > There is the crossbar latency that is the time it takes for a > packet to be decoded and routed to the right output port. It is > essentially the difference between the pingpong latency with and > without the crossbar in the middle for the smallest packet size. > Typical crossbar latencies are in the order of 100ns for recent > Ethernot, 200ns for Ethernet. To build bigger fabric, you need to > connect multiple crossbars into Clos, Fat-tree or Torus topologies. > The end-to-end switch latency is then dependent on the number of > crossbars the packet crosses. > > There is the PHY/transceiver latency. That only applies to the edge > of the switch, where a physical cable plugs into a sockets. SFP+ > for example requires serialization compared to QSFP. With fiber, > the transceiver have some overhead. Typical overhead is 250ns per > port for serial fiber PHY, almost nothing for parallel copper. > > Another overhead is the head-of-Line blocking. It happens when the > packet has to wait for another one to pass in order to be switched. > This is equivalent to 2 cars turning on the same road: one will > have to wait on the other to make the turn. This latency can be > high, specially if the packets are large (imagine a couple of > trains instead of cars). > Is that what you call "ugly switch latency" ? HOL blocking will > reduce you switch efficiency to ~40% with random traffic. That > means your latency will be about two times higher in average, > assuming all packets have the same size. Where is the factor 50-100 ? > >> My assumption is always: "if manufacturer doesn't respond it must >> be real bad for his network card". > > Maybe they don't respond because the question does not make any sense. > >> Note that pingpong latency also gets demonstrated in a wrong manner. >> Requirement to determine one way pingpong should be that it eats >> no cpu time obtaining it. > > You mean blocking on an interrupt ? When you go to a restaurant, do > you place your order and go back home waiting for a phone call or > do you wait at a table ? I, for one, sit down and busy poll. > > Patrick >


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text:
BBC News
- Sri Lanka attacks: British dad's tribute to 'amazing' family
- Brexit: Cross-party talks to resume
- Prince Louis: Catherine's pictures mark first birthday
- Greta Thunberg: Teen tells UK politicians 'listen to climate scientists'
- Lyra McKee killing: 'New IRA admits responsibility'
- Donald Trump 'set for June state visit to UK'
- Greater Manchester Police chief: 60% of crimes not investigated
- Campaign to tackle 'botched' cosmetic procedures
- Blaenau Ffestiniog mountain fire: About 20 homes evacuated
- 'I feel refreshed': Brits embrace multiple careers
- Wigan hit-and-run: Murder arrest after mother dies
- New aircraft rises 'like a balloon'
- 'Dark kitchens': Are they the future of takeaways?
- Deaf boy finds his voice after brain implant surgery
- The enthusiasts bringing classic cars back from the dead
- Disposable nappy recycling: How soiled nappies can be reused
- Alopecia: I lost my hair aged one
- How making bars of soap 'started my life again'
- Thunberg: 'Climate fight will never stop'
- BBC Breakfast
- Newspaper headlines: 'A nation broken' by bombings
- Extinction Rebellion: How might ministers win over the protesters?
- 'We're judged for being black'
- Autistic football fan on 'sensory overload' of match day
- Your next new car will try to stop you speeding
- Does your dinner come from a "dark kitchen"?
- Have the poorest councils had the biggest cuts?
- My lifelong obsession with 'resurrecting' classic cars
- Earth Day: How to be more eco-friendly in everyday life
- The breast cancer surgeon who got breast cancer
- 'New breed' of influencers changed the game
- An alternative way to capture childhood on your phone
- Why blend? Exploring the art and science of blending
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text: For some reason when I try to windows xp sometimes the keyboard stops working.... It does this on many machines I have delt with both usb and not. all the keyboards work in dos and the lights stay one till it comes to the screen asking me to press enter to install xp? WTF! HELP


text:
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text:
I'm on the right
I'll give you a hint...it is the same as the number of days in my streak.
I'm Eric, the guy who runs to keep his sanity.
You've run for 3.1415 days?
Um...no. 42. You need to read Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Or you can cheat and watch the movie, which isn't nearly as good.


text:
History and the Present
by Christy E. Allen and Rebecca Hyman
Government & Heritage Library, 2007, 2010.
2010 estimated population = 406,688 (NC State Data Center)
In 1787, the North Carolina legislature voted that the Constitutional Convention (appointed to discuss the new federal constitution) should decide on the location of North Carolina's state capital. The Constitutional Convention resolved that the capital be within ten miles of Isaac Hunter's tavern in Wake County, and that the State Legislature was responsible for choosing the exact site. No further action was taken on this issue during the sessions from 1788 to 1791, because of opposition from those who claimed Wake County was "the wilderness" and could never develop into a city. In early 1792, advocates of the Wake County site finally garnered enough support within the General Assembly to establish a commission to identify land for the new city. The Assembly appointed another group to oversee the building of a state house for the new capital.
The commissioners gathered at Isaac Hunter's residence in March of 1792, but soon adjourned to the nearby home of State Senator Joel Lane. About ten days later they voted to purchase 1,000 acres of Lane's plantation for £1,378 to serve as the site for the new capital.
William Christmas, another senator and a surveyor by profession, drew the plan for Raleigh. Using a total of 400 acres, Christmas designated the axial center of the city as Union Square. It was composed of six acres and intended as the site of the future State House. The map described the square as "a beautiful eminence which commands a view of the town and fine prospect of the surrounding county." Flanking the corners of the center square were to be four four-acre squares or parks reserved for public purposes. These were named Caswell, Nash, Burke (for the state's first governors) and Moore (in honor of Attorney General Alfred E. Moore). The four main streets were named Halifax, New Bern, Fayetteville, and Hillsborough, judicial districts toward the north, east, south, and west. These streets ran from the four sides of Union Square; the other 17 streets were named for the remaining judicial districts, the points of the compass, the commissioners themselves, and several other prominent citizens, including the former owner of the land. The remaining 276 acres were marked off in one-acre lots to be sold at public auction, with the proceeds used to build the capitol and other public buildings.
The name for the new capital was suggested by Governor Alexander Martin in honor of Sir Walter Raleigh, who was responsible for sending the first colonists to North Carolina.
Raleigh's initial development was slow. One factor which contributed to delayed growth was the occurrence of many fires in the early 19th century, including a fire that burned down the statehouse in 1831. The new State Capitol building was completed in 1840 around the same time that the railroad was established. Raleigh's city limits expanded for the first time in 1857.
The Civil War delayed further development in Raleigh as it was affected by the ravages of war. However, the establishment of several learning institutions before and after the Civil War assisted with its growth in the early part of the twentieth century. These institutions include Peace College (1857), Shaw University (1865), Meredith College (1891) and North Carolina State University (1887).
Raleigh flourished during the First and Second World Wars and thereafter. As the center of North Carolina government and with the addition of the nearby Research Triangle Park (1959) Raleigh has brought an influx of people and businesses to the state. In 2009 the estimated population was more than eight times what it was in 1940.
Today Raleigh is home to many cultural and historical sites including the publicly funded North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Art, and the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. Raleigh has many theatre and musical groups including the North Carolina Symphony. Raleigh is home to the 2005 – 2006 Stanley Cup Champions, the Carolina Hurricanes (National Hockey League).
Raleigh history digital collection
Early Raleigh history timeline
17 August 2010 | Allen, Christy E.; Hyman, Rebecca
very good
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SUBMITTED BY ARTHUR N1ORC - AMSAT A/C #31468 *Crews Work Together; Flight Controllers Work on Computer Problem* Image above: The International Space Station's new S3/S4 truss and solar arrays are viewed from Space Shuttle Atlantis' robotic arm. Image credit: NASA TV TO VIEW IMAGE GO TO:http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html The Expedition 15 crew continues to conduct joint operations with its visitors on the International Space Station. Meanwhile, Russian flight controllers are troubleshooting a problem with backup navigation computers. The computers were restarted this morning. Flight controllers continue efforts to bring the computers back up to full operation. Throughout the week, the two crews have been activating the Starboard 3 and 4 (S3/S4) truss segment that was attached to the station on Monday. The STS-117 crew has conducted two spacewalks to prepare the new segment for activation and to retract arrays on the Port 6 (P6) truss. The P6 will be relocated from atop the station to the end of the Port 5 truss by a future shuttle crew. The S3/S4, which is 45 feet long and weighs 35,678 pounds, contains a new set of solar arrays that will increase the station's power-generation capabilities. The S3/S4 also contains a rotary joint that will allow its arrays to track the sun. Two more spacewalks are scheduled for STS-117's stay. In addition to a new truss segment, NASA Astronaut Clayton Anderson joined the Expedition 15 crew on Sunday, replacing Flight Engineer Suni Williams. Anderson arrived at the station as a member of Space Shuttle Atlantis' crew. Atlantis docked to the station on Sunday. Williams spent six months as an Expedition crew member. Atlantis is scheduled to undock from the station June 19. + Read more about Expedition 15 <http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition15/index.html> + View crew daily timelines <http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/timelines/index.html> ---- Sent via email@example.com. Opinions expressed are those of the author. Not an AMSAT member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program! Subscription settings: http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/sarex
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text:
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The guy in the black tee is so cute :)
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text:
|English: The Jamaican national dish of ackee and saltfish. Side dish-fabulous cole slaw! Ackee is a fruit, but tastes like scrambled eggs. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
|English: Jerk chicken, rice, honey biscuit plantain (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
The best way to prepare your taste buds for dining in another country is to begin dining weekly in ethnic restaurants in your hometown city. My definition of an ethnic restaurant is a family-owned restaurant or food truck serving inexpensive home cooked meals. Usually the owners are first-generation immigrants who prepare and cook meals as they would in their home country.
Jamaica is a great country for a first-time Black traveler to experience an international destination because the cuisine is close to soul food. Some Jamaican dishes that are similar to African-American soul food include chicken, beans and rice and cabbage. However, the difference is in the seasoning of the chicken with Famous Spicy Hot Jamaican Jerk Sauce. It is a special blend of spices and seasonings which include nutmeg, Jamaican pimento, mace, onions, green peppers, hot scotch bonnet peppers which can be poured on chicken, pork, beef, or fish to marinate overnight and then grilled over hot coals.
Chicago has tons of Jamaican restaurants for you to sample the cuisine before booking your Caribbean Jamaica vacation to Montego Bay. One of my favorite Jamaican restaurants is Kingston's Jerk Chicken which is located on the Chicago's Southside Beverly area near 95th & Western Avenue. I love the flavorful authentic Jamaican cuisine at this local eatery. It is a great lunch spot with its intimate dining area. I recommend the Jerk with rice and peas (which is a Jamaican term for red beans and rice), callaloo (cabbage) and plantains ( sweet fried bananas). "It tastes irie man" which means in Jamaican Patois "it tastes good". This authentic taste of Jamaica illuminates my mind with visions of Dunn River Falls and the music of Jamaican Rasta man, Bob Marley's reggae song "One Love".
If you wish to experience Jamaican cuisine in a more upscale caribbean ambience, then head to Uncle Joe's Tropical Dining in the Bronzeville area of Chicago's Southside. Jamaican lifestyle is a slow and mellow groove, so you should not expect fast American service. Slow down and enjoy the music and the experience of being transported to Jamaica.
Kingston's Jerk Chicken and Uncle Joe's Tropical Dining are owned by the same proprietors, so dining at either one of these restaurants is the "irie" way to prepare your tastebuds for a caribbean vacation to Jamaica.


text: Hi, with all the argument about performance of so called Swiss Army Knife (SAK) MPIs I have uploaded four runs of the HPCC benchmark to the HPCC benchmark web site to show the performance of a single cluster with a single SAK MPI running with four different Interconnects, GigaBit Ethernet (tcp), SCI, Myrinet and InfiniBand. The results can be found at : http://icl.cs.utk.edu/hpcc/ Look for the Dell PowerEdge 2650 cluster with 32 CPUs. The results show that it is possible to have a SAK MPI that show acceptable performance for a multiple of interconnects. The SAK MPIs are of great value for the application vendors as they are free from the extra work involved with a new MPI implementation for every interconnect. In addition an application can be moved without changes from one cluster with one interconnect to another cluster with yet another interconnect. -- Ole W. Saastad, Dr.Scient. Manager Cluster Expert Center dir. +47 22 62 89 68 fax. +47 22 62 89 51 mob. +47 93 05 74 87 ole at scali.com Scali - www.scali.com High Performance Clustering


text:
Don't plan on using any of the Seattle Department of Neighborhoods' office and Neighborhood Service Centers today or tomorrow, as those will be closed, employees taking an unpaid furlough day on the 1st and off today for the Memorial Day holiday.
Also closed today: Special Events Scheduling (closed on Memorial Day) and the Amy Yee Tennis Center (closed on Memorial Day).
On Memorial Day, limited park maintenance staff will be on duty to empty trash cans and clean restrooms.
Closed tomorrow: Administrative offices (communications, correspondence, Park Board support, web management, public outreach, human resources, finance and administration); Planning and Development Division and the Magnuson Park office
To see all other closure dates throughout the year, refer to this closure calendar.


text:
GamerZines writes:
We're only three days into 2013, yet already a new Android-powered, open-platform games device is the bulk of the way to getting funded via Kickstarter.
GameStick was only announced yesterday, yet already it has attracted over $75,000 worth of investment, only a brief push away from its $100,000 target with around a month left to go for wannabe users to pledge.
Sounds great, now where is the software? Who is going to support this thing?
Is it running Android?
enough with the kickstarters please, if you want to make a successful company you earn it not beg for money on the internet.
for people that still do not see it, these lil machines pack more power than the wii! That does not mean Game consoles will go away anytime soon. It just means that more competition, for consumer's money and Time.
the spec's of this lil game system are as follow's
What you see is what you get. Well as the name suggests, GameStick is a 2-inch console not bigger than your USB flash drive that supports up to four controllers connected at once and can connect to gamepads, mouse and keyboard. This makes it much more compact than the OUYA, which was compared to being as big or small as the Rubik's Cube in terms of design. With this product, PlayJam seeks to combine the open source mobile platform with a closed console and bring that experience to your TV sets. The aim is to have no clunky hardware or entangling wires.
Coming to the console's specifications, the GameStick will run on Android Jelly Bean and pack an Amlogic 8726-MX processor (which is a dual-core Cortex A9 chip at 1.5GHz, along with a dual-core Mali 400 GPU at 400MHz), 1GB RAM and 8GB of flash storage, while using Bluetooth 4.0 and 802.11b/g/n for connectivity. It will also be capable of full-HD (1080p) video decoding.
The GameStick has a comparatively lower processor than the OUYA console, which features an NVIDIA quad-core Tegra 3 processor for faster speeds. PlayJam CEO Jasper Smith clarifies that the specs should be more than enough to handle today's leading Android games.
The underpowered processor is said to have been chosen owing to the console's power and heat requirements as well as its extremely portable form factor.
to put this in perspective:
dual-core Mali 400 GPU at 400MHz this benchmark test and this is a Quad core Mali 400 @ 200 Mhz, and 300 Mhz
to continue
Gaming titles
As of now, creators of GameStick are looking at about 200 titles from a pool of 700,000 Android games that would be great to play on the console. BUt the company is also working closely with over 250 developers from studios such as Madfinger, Hutch, Disney and others to offer the best gaming experience to users.
Those who back the GameStick project for $79 or more are promised a GameStick (console + controller) bundle along with a name check and founders tag. (Users outside US will have to pay $15 extra as shipping charges)
The device is priced at a mere $79, that's $20 cheaper than the OUYA console. Will users get to see the final product? We'll know soon.
OUYA which raised $8 million inf funding from Kickstarter, is slated for a March release this year, that's one month ahead of GameStick assuming both stick to their schedules. Currently, there are 19 confirmed Ouya games to come with the console along with approximately 300 OnLive games and 80 games confirmed by Ouya themselves.
Sony, Microsoft and Nintendo, are you watching this?
the speed these are releasing is at a frantic pace, quite a bit faster than i would think Microsoft, Nintendo or Sony would like. the point is since systems like OUYA, and Game stick are using the same type of ARM Cortex chipset's with the same types of ON the Die GPU's porting to each platform is quite fast.
Android IS NOW, and i would imagine Apple is soon to follow with a iOS based game console soon enough for the living room smart TV's. this is the challenge that Microsoft, Nintendo and Sony are going to be facing. That does not include companies like samsung making these chipset's inside the very LCD TV's people buy for their daily usage.
Seems kinda pointless because you have to have an overpriced smart tv which not many people have


text:
CM ubertyce
Tyson WalkerBrisbane, Австралия
I am epic and full of myself
More about me:
I run the greatest chess club in the world: Excessive Epicness. www.excessiveepicness.com.au
We offer epic junior coaching.
* I am the Epitome of Awesomeness
Questions I could never answer:
If I go to Jamaica and illegally download a movie, does that make me a Pirate of the Carribbean??
If a vampire bites a zombie, does the zombie become a vampire or does the vampire become a zombie?
If Chris Brown had a greatest hits album, would Rihanna's face be on the cover?
If guns don't kill people people kill people. Does that mean toasters dont toast toast toast toast toast?
If i'm driving a hearse with a body in it, can I still use the transit lane?
Europeans have the Euro, so Africans have the Afro??
Favourite games:
Dota, Halo, Chess, Final Fantasy X
Favourite Mangas:
Naruto, Fairy Tail, Deathnote, Guyver: Biobooster armor, Once Piece, Ao No Exorcist
Favourite TV shows:
Mock the Week, Good News Week, The Simpsons, Family Guy, Futurama, American Dad, Stargate, Heros.


text: I found these posts to be the most informative and to the point: Windows Clusters <http://www.windowsclusters.org/> [windowsclusters.org]. "I must now put on the traditional monkey hat of shame, for the naysayers are quite correct. There are TWO microsoft products called clustering. One is used by Windows 2000 Advanced Server to do load balancing, and is, in fact, split into two parts, the first called Clustering, the second Network Load Balancing... see this page <http://microsoft.com/windows2000/advancedserver/evaluation/features/> [microsoft.com], which includes the statement "Both [of the Windows 2000 Advanced Server] Clustering technologies are backwards compatible with their Windows NT Server 4.0 predecessors". The other is High Performance Clustering (HPC), in its current form called Computational Clustering Technical Preview (CCTP), which I am certain has nothing to do with the previous Clustering technology... I doubt it was available for Windows NT 4.0, among other things (thus the Technical Preview status). Notes for any and all interested in this; it's a technical preview, which any other company would call a pre-Beta or an Alpha release. The only way anyone sane would use this in a production system would be as an Early Adoption Partner..." "Microsoft has a few types of clustering: 1. Failover clustering. This is an OS service that servers like SQL Server and Exchange plug into that allows Active/Passive or Active/Active clustering over a shared SCSI/Fibre bus. In theory you could write your app to use this service but I think it would be overkill. 2. Network Load Balancing. This is just a software version of the standard kinds of NLB found in cisco boxes. 3. Component Load Balancing. This is the most suitable. It's provided by Application Center and it allows you to deploy COM+ objects on a cluster of machines and have the calls distributed according to the load on those machines. You can control the threading and lifetime of the objects and view the status of the machines pretty easily using the Application Center MMC plugin (or SNMP, I believe). You'd have to wrap the computational part of your application into one or more COM objects. Once you've done that then you can create and call those objects in the cluster as if it were one machine - the clustering is transparent to the client application. I played around with AC a bit when it was in beta for a project that I was working on. We didn't go with it in the end because the design of our application ended up not requiring it (we just went with hardware load balancing), but it seemed like pretty cool technology - if you're into the whole COM thing. It has a really cool rolling deployment feature where you can redeploy your components (and/or IIS application if you have one) to your cluster incrementally while it's still running. Here's some links to docs on MS's site: Introducing Windows 2000 Clustering Technologies <http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/techinfo/howitworks/cluster/introcluster.asp> [microsoft.com] Application Center home page <http://www.microsoft.com/applicationcenter/> [microsoft.com] Component Load Balancing <http://microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/acs/reskit/acrkch5.asp?frame=true#f> [microsoft.com] " " For a computational cluster, the OS itself shouldn't really matter. What matters is, do you have the tools you need, and does the environment allow you to work with the cluster in a flexible way. For a typical compuatational cluster, what determines the performance will be the quality of your application. Only if you pick an OS with some extremely poor basic functionality (like, horribly slow networking), will the OS have an impact on performance. People optimize how their application is parallelized (eg. how well it scales to more nodes). The OS doesn't matter in this regard. They optimize how well the simple computational routines perform (like, optimizing an equation solver for the current CPU architecture) - again, the OS doesn't matter. So, in this light, you might as well run your cluster on Windows instead of Linux, or MacOS, or even DOS with a TCP/IP stack (if you don't need more thatn 640K ;) However, there's a lot more to cluster computing than just pressing "start". You need to look at how your software performs. You need to debug software on multiple nodes concurrently. You need to do all kinds of things that requires, that your environment and your tools will allow you to work on any node of the cluster, flexibly, as if that node was the box under your desk. And this is why people don't run MS clusters. Windows does not have proper tools for software development (*real* software development, like Fortran and C - VBScript hasn't really made it's way into anything resembling high performance (and god forbid it never will)). Furthermore, you cannot work with 10 windows boxes concurrently, like they were all sitting under your desk. Yes, I know terminal services exist, and they're nice if you're a system administrator, but they are *far* from being usable to run debuggers and tracing tools on a larger number of nodes, interactively and concurrently. Last but not least, there are no proper debugging and tracing tools for windows. Yes, they have a debugger, and third party vendors have debuggers too. But anyone who's been thru the drill on Linux (using strace, wc -l /proc/[pid]/maps, ...), and needed the same flexibility on windows, knows that there is a world of difference between what vendores can put in a GUI and what you can do when you have a system that was built for developers, by developers. So sure - for a dog&pony show, windows will perform similar to any other networked OS with regards to computational clusters. But for real-world use ? No, you need tools to work. " "It seems to me that part of the beauty of a linux cluster is 1. Not having to buy an licence for each machine 2. Having an infinitely configurable system (meaning that you can load as much or as little of the OS and libraries as you want/need) 3. The use of high quality, low/no cost development tools." Eugene Leitl wrote: >On Fri, 22 Feb 2002, Velocet wrote: > >>Have fun wading through the blind linux advocacy and silly jokes to try >>and find any content. >> > >Um, I wasn't suggesting you to read it. I was suggesting writing a few >comments, trying to educate slashdotties about the issues. > >>If someone can summarize any real information they grok from this massive >>thread (ie how good is computational clustering on M$), please post it here. >> > >NT 4.0 did suck bigtime on IP QoS, I don't see the reasons why Win2k >should do differently. Even not to mention node licenses, and stability. > >_______________________________________________ >Beowulf mailing list, Beowulf at beowulf.org >To change your subscription (digest mode or unsubscribe) visit http://www.beowulf.org/mailman/listinfo/beowulf > >


text:
Our Mother of Consolation Parish School has been awarded a five-year grant totaling $100,000 from the Maguire Foundation for the OMC Scholarship Fund. Students who wish to pursue a Catholic education at Our Mother of Consolation Parish School and who demonstrate financial need will be eligible for scholarships from this grant.
The Maguire Foundation gift is made through the school's Advancing in Faith & Learning Campaign, a $1 million fund-raising effort publicly launched in April to support parish-based Catholic education at OMC.Twenty percent of the campaign gifts will be directed to tuition assistance. As of August, the campaign has raised more than $725,000 in gifts and pledges for the school.
"The gift from the Maguire Foundation allows us to expand our tuition assistance offerings and to provide more options for families seeking a Catholic education in a parish school setting," said the Rev. Bob Bazzoli, OSFS, pastor of Our Mother of Consolation Parish. "Families registered at OMC Parish School can apply for tuition aid from our scholarship fund, as well as through other funding sources such as BLOCS and Children's Scholarship. Funding from the Maguire Foundation gift gives us the opportunity to award discretionary assistance to families of students who experience unexpected financial difficulties. We are extremely grateful to Jim and Frannie Maguire and the Maguire Foundation for their support of OMC Parish School and Catholic education."
"The Maguire Foundation's mission is grounded in the belief (as taught by St. Ignatius Loyola), that we are men and women for others," said James J. Maguire, Co-founder and Chair, the Maguire Foundation. "Our focus is to assist children and young adults with an opportunity to benefit from a quality education. We believe this is best achieved by partnering with institutions and families of need by providing tuition, scholarship assistance and grants for education through grade school, high school and college. Education enables you 'to believe what you are and become what you believe.'"


text:
Triangles aren't political
I was perturbed by Bill Rossberg's comments about the triangles indicating that counselors' offices at local high schools are safe spaces [News, October 23: "Sticker shock: Rainbow riles parents"]. His attitude shows a disregard for children.
None of us knows exactly who or what our children will turn out to be. They are individuals. They may become astronauts, factory workers, Nobel Prize winners and gay. Rossberg's assumption that his children will not have questions and concerns related to their sexual orientation is harmful to them, and to all our children.
A way of avoiding the controversy might be to use a safe space logo instead of the triangles, but I feel compelled to point out that the triangles have a completely different meaning from religious symbols. Therefore, their presence does not require a school to give equal space to other symbols.
Why? Because teens wishing to discuss their religion, their athletic status, or their social status will not be accused of immorality or perhaps have to face violence. Gay or questioning teens, on the other hand, may have to.
Teens who fear being treated this way, or who themselves believe their feelings are immoral, are at particularly high risk for suicide. Indications of safe space are needed to prevent teen suicides, to prevent Columbine tragedies. In this context, the triangles are not political symbols but symbols of safe haven for a teen who may be desperate.
Why the posting of triangles is considered part of "an extreme left-wing agenda" (Rossberg) or "political" (former school board candidate Linda McRaven) is beyond me. Is the reader not aware of the Log Cabin Republicans? What about Dick Cheney? Acceptance is beyond politics. It's about being human.
If we're going to talk about extreme, let's look at those who would cast stones rather than understand that we're all human.
The guidance counselors I know are driven not by agendas, but by genuine desire to help children. When my son is old enough to be in high school, I hope he will know that they will listen to anything that may be troubling him with tolerance and acceptance.
For the sake of all of our children, I hope those who are uncaring and intolerant are unsuccessful in their efforts to have these symbols of safety removed. To paraphrase Sting: I hope the right-wing extremists love their children, too.
Valerie L'Herrou
North Garden


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Buck Grove Baptist Church
Sunday, April 21, 2019
Glorifying God by Changing Lives for Christ
Church Dinner
Date: Wednesday, July 11, 2018
Time: 5:45 PM - 6:30 PM
Location: Fellowship Hall
Join us for dinner and fellowship Wednesday nights at 5:30. Discipleship Training immediately following the dinner.
There will not be a meal on Wednesday night if school is closed or dismissed for inclement weather. For cancellation of church services on Wednesday or Sunday check the Church answering machine, WDRB-41, Church Facebook, or e-mail alert.


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As far as Olympic track runners go, Oscar Pistorius is pretty good at what he does: Since his first track meet at 17, he"s won four gold medals and holds three world records. It"s no wonder, then, that Pistorius – a double-amputee – has earned the nickname "the fastest man with no legs."
And now, he is the first Paralympian to compete in an able-bodied Olympic track event.
Despite losing both limbs to a bone disorder when he was 11 months old, Pistorius, now 25, demonstrated a love for sports at an early age. Wearing specially designed carbon-fiber limbs, the Johannesburg, South Africa, native found that he was able to compete in sports like water polo and track with surprising success.
Then came his first Paralympics. At the 2004 Athens games, he won a gold and set a world record in the 200m sprint. Since that landmark moment, he"s garnered three more gold medals and two more world records at Paralympic events.
Bolstered by that success, Pistorius set his eyes on a new goal: competing at the able-bodied Olympics. "I was starting to run times which allowed me to compete internationally on the able-bodied circuit," he told CNN.
Although performing well at the 2011 World Championships in Daegu (he helped his 4x400m relay win a silver medal), Pistorius was unsure of whether he would make the 2012 London team – having twice failed to make the standard Olympic qualifying time in the 400m sprint. His latest attempt fell short by only two tenths of a second.
But after deciding to let those two tenths of a second go, the South African Olympic committee has selected Pistorius to join the South African team at the London Summer Games.
"Today is truly one of the proudest days of my life," Pistorius writes on his website. "To have been selected to represent Team South Africa at the London 2012 Olympic Games in the individual 400m and the 4x400m relay is a real honor and I am so pleased that years of hard work, determination and sacrifice have all come together."


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SAMJ: South African Medical Journal
versión On-line ISSN 2078-5135
versión impresa ISSN 0256-9574
SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. vol.99 no.7 Cape Town jul. 2009
Seroprevalence and HIV-associated factors among adults with severe mental illness a vulnerable population
Dinesh SinghI, *; Alan BerkmanII; Michaeline BresnahanIII
IMB ChB, MMed (Psych), FCPsych, MS (Epi), Department of Psychiatry, University of KwaZulu-Natal and HIV Prevention Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban
IIBA, MD, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
IIIPhD, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
BACKGROUND: Adults with severe mental illness (SMI) display an increased prevalence of HIV compared with the general population. Recommendations for provider-initiated testing in South Africa lack robust evidence because the studies mainly from low-prevalence regions overestimate the risk of HIV among adults with SMI.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess whether the mentally ill are a vulnerable population in South Africa.
Methods. All new admissions to an acute psychiatric ward from July to December 2000 were tested for HIV anonymously and the results linked with socio-demographic and clinical data. We did a restricted analysis of black females from a population-based survey of black females with SMI.
RESULTS: There were 216 admissions, of whom 206 were included in the analysis. The seroprevalence of HIV-1 was 29.1% (confidence interval 27.8 - 32.4); seroprevalence of HIV among the women was 40%. The following predicted HIV positivity: female (odds ratio (OR) 3.5 (1.7 - 6.9)), infections of the chest or central nervous system (OR 3.2 (1.4 - 7.5)), age group 30 - 39 years (OR 2.3 (1.1 - 4.8)) and aggression on admission. The age and sex ratios among the SMI group were similar to the general population. Adults with SMI have an almost three times greater prevalence of HIV than the general population, after controlling for age and gender.
CONCLUSIONS: Adults with SMI are a vulnerable population; therefore, provider-initiated HIV testing and other prevention and treatment programmes must be tailored to their needs.
HIV is associated with major psychiatric disorders (also termed severe mental illness (SMI)), including major depression and bipolar and psychotic disorders.1,2 Adults with SMI have a 2 - 36 times higher seroprevalence of HIV than the general population,3-6 and HIV-infected people have a higher prevalence of SMI.7 A systematic review concluded: ' adults with SMI are at high risk for HIV/STD'.8 In their review, Joska et al. recommended provider-initiated testing and counselling (PITC) for adults with SMI.9 The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends PITC in generalised epidemics and prioritises implementation in vulnerable groups (e.g. medical inpatients10), but adults with SMI are not explicitly identified. PITC can be implemented subject to the following: informed consent, the right to refuse, the availability of counselling, follow-up, and antiretroviral (ARV) treatment.10 PITC has drawn much criticism;11 its prerequisites cannot be assured in patients with SMI. The Mental Health Care Act (MHCA) allows medical superintendents to approve HIV testing. There is limited evidence from South Africa to recommend policy changes that have serious ethical and public health implications. We studied whether adults with SMI can be considered as a vulnerable population.
The recommendation for PITC is based on evidence mainly from cross-sectional studies in the developed world on the prevalence of SMI among HIV-infected people or seroprevalence among those with SMI.9 The strength of association between HIV and mental illness varies according to the presence of other risk factors in these different populations. There are risk factors (e.g. substance abuse) common to HIV, and psychiatric disorders that may act as mediators, moderators, proxies, confounders or overlapping risk factors. There are also conceptual reservations about how these risk factors work together and whether statistical tests can fully adjust for these effects.12 The increased HIV prevalence in patients with SMI may be overestimated because studies included high-risk groups such as the homeless and intravenous drug users, and the treatment setting varied, with inpatient, outpatient and forensic units. Himelhoch et al. found that the elevated prevalence of HIV among those with SMI is due to the HIV-related risk factors that underlie the association between HIV and SMI,13 viz. age <39 years, male, African-American, Latino, schizophrenia, dual diagnosis, and high-risk behaviour (prostitution, sex with parenteral drug-taker, male-male sex, drug injection).7 Mentally ill patients with HIV in the developed world have multiple HIV risk factors that account for the increased prevalence of HIV.
Despite more than 68% of the world's HIV burden being in sub-Saharan Africa,14 few studies from the region describe the seroprevalence of HIV among the mentally ill.9,15-17 Our study describes the seroprevalence of HIV in an acute psychiatric ward in South Africa, which has a generalised epidemic. In a region with a generalised epidemic, HIV is firmly established and can be sustained by sexual networking alone. Therefore, people with HIV may not have multiple risk factors for HIV. This state contrasts with the multiple risk factors for HIV among those with SMI, as described in low-prevalence regions. We may obtain a more valid assessment of the association between HIV and SMI because there are fewer statistical adjustments and the unknown effect of multiple overlapping risk factors is not applicable. We compared HIV seroprevalence in the SMI group with the general population; if higher, this group should be considered to be a vulnerable population. If adults with SMI are a vulnerable population, it would partly counter the arguments against PITC11 and support special HIV prevention and treatment programmes targeted at this group.
We undertook a descriptive study from 1 July to 31 December 2000 in the in-patient psychiatric ward at King Edward VIII Hospital (KEH), a public sector hospital affiliated with the Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). KZN has a population of over 9.5 million people of whom only about 9% have private health insurance. The HIV seroprevalence among 15 - 49-year-olds in KZN was 15.7% in 2002.18 This figure has since increased; it is estimated that, in 2008, 5.7 million South Africans were HIV infected.
Patients are referred to the KEH psychiatric department from outlying community clinics and other hospital departments. The psychiatric ward is a 20-bed acute psychiatric unit for males and females; only those with SMI are admitted, and only medically stable patients are admitted to the psychiatric ward as those with serious medical conditions are managed in the medical wards. All patients admitted to this ward during this period were tested for HIV using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot tests. The attending clinician completed a questionnaire to collect data on age, sex, medical history, substance abuse in the last 3 months, physical findings, duration of hospital stay, and final diagnosis, which were linked with HIV test results for the analysis.
There were 216 admissions, and no patient was counted twice; 8 with incomplete clinical data or missing sero-status, and 2 with equivocal test results, were excluded. We present the data from more than 95% of all admissions from the study period.
The Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine Bioethics Research Ethics Committee and the Columbia University Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved this study.
HIV infection status
Discarded blood taken for routine chemistry as part of baseline investigations was tested for HIV by the ELISA test. All identifiers, except a unique 6-digit number assigned for the purpose of the study, were removed. Reactive samples were confirmed with the Western blot test and classified as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control. A specimen was considered positive if antibodies to two of the following were detected: p24, gp41 and gp120/160. The presence of a single band on the Western blot was considered an indeterminate result. Retesting when results were inconclusive was impossible as testing was anonymous.
Data analysis
Psychosis was defined as the presence of two or more of the following: hallucinations, delusions, abnormal behaviour (e.g. removing clothes, aggression) or formal thought disorder. Aggression was assessed from historical data and clinical assessment.
Substance abuse was defined as a pattern of use that caused clinically significant distress or impairment. The type of substance was specified.
Examples of medical co-morbidity are pulmonary tuberculosis and meningitis, and chronic disorders included hypertension and asthma. Patients with delirium and unstable medical co-morbidities were managed in the medical wards, or their conditions were stabilised before they were transferred to the psychiatric ward.
Age and duration of hospital stay were measured continuously. The distributions were checked for normality and log transformed. Age was divided into categories commonly presented in other HIV epidemiological surveys.18
Methods of analysis
Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study population. To determine significant differences, t-tests, chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to evaluate the association between each covariate and the outcome. Results were considered statistically significant where p<0.05. We compared our data with a valid estimate of HIV seroprevalence in the general population of South Africa. The Nelson Mandela/Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) study of HIV/AIDS was a national, population-based survey that included a representative sample of more than 9 900 people from all provinces, localities and races.18,19 Data for this study were collected a year after our study was completed. Therefore, we have a valid estimate of the seroprevalence of HIV in the general population in the year 2000. We obtained the sample size in specific age, race and gender categories, and did a restricted analysis of the HIV-positive women in our study. To adjust for the confounding effects caused by the differing age structure of our study population, we standardised age-specific and overall prevalence.
Differences between HIV-positive and negative admissions on various characteristics were assessed using Pearson chi-squared tests (categorical data) and t-tests (continuous data). Variables that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis were entered into a stepwise multivariate logistic regression model to predict HIV status. To distinguish acute diseases from chronic medical disorders, infections of the central nervous system (e.g. meningitis) and chest (e.g. pulmonary tuberculosis) were collapsed into one category. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are provided. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 16.0.
Overall seroprevalence of HIV and socio-demographic characteristics of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients
A complete set of confirmed HIV results and clinical records were available for 206 patients. The overall prevalence of HIV was 29.1% (CI 27.8 - 32.4% Table I). Women had an approximately twofold increase in seroprevalence compared with men (female:male ratio = 2.1:1). The majority of patients were <30 years old, and no HIV-positive patient was >50 years. All patients had SMI and most were psychotic. The spectrum of substance abuse was limited and did not include intravenous drugs. Cannabis was the most common drug. A higher proportion of HIV-negative than HIV-positive patients took cannabis (p=0.007).
The prevalence of HIV among black women aged 15 - 49 years in the general population in South Africa was 20.7%.18 The prevalence of HIV among the women in this study was 40.1% (36/88). To control for the confounding effects of gender and age, we standardised the age and did a restricted analysis of the women in our study (all black) and the black women in the HSRC study (Fig. 1). Black women with SMI had a consistently higher prevalence of HIV in each age category. The difference was largest (3.6 times) in the 35 - 39-year age group.
Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that socio-demographic characteristics (female and age group 30 - 39 years) and certain clinical characteristics (aggression and meningitis or tuberculosis) were independently associated with HIV (Table II). The adjusted OR showed that women have a 3.5 times greater probability of being HIV positive than men.
The overall prevalence of HIV among adults with SMI was 29.1% (CI 27.8 - 32.4). This was almost three times higher than that of the general population. The seroprevalence among black women in our study was 40%. HIV seroprevalence was higher among mentally ill women than women in the general population across all age categories. Socio-demographic characteristics (age and sex) and known clinical characteristics (past or current infections, e.g. meningitis and pulmonary TB) were more predictive of HIV status than psychiatric symptoms (aggression). There were no cases of intravenous drug use.
The seroprevalence of HIV in our study was higher than in all other published studies of adults with SMI, notwithstanding the differences of study populations and HIV testing methods.3-6,15-17,20-22 To assess if adults with SMI have a higher HIV seroprevalence than the general population, a valid estimate of the HIV seroprevalence in the general population must be used. There is marked heterogeneity of HIV, even within a country;18 HIV varies by race, sex and age.18 Antenatal surveys only include sexually active, fertile, pregnant females from a limited age category, and who are therefore unsuitable for estimating the prevalence of HIV in the general population. Population-based surveys, of which the HSRC study is the latest,18,19 provide a more valid estimate of the prevalence of HIV in the general population. In 2002, the overall prevalence of HIV in South Africa was 11.4%.18
HIV is a female-predominant epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. In South Africa, women between the ages of 15 and 24 years were four times more likely to acquire HIV than men (16.9% v. 4.4%).18 In our study, the overall and gender-specific HIV seroprevalence was higher than that of the general population. Adults with SMI have a higher prevalence of HIV than the general population, even after considering racial, gender and age differences.
Compared with the general population, there was an almost tripled increase of HIV in adults with SMI (11.4% v. 29.1%). The prevalence of HIV in anonymous linked studies that were conducted in low-prevalence regions vary from 1% to 7%,22,23 which is 2 - 12 times higher than the prevalence of HIV in the general population. This difference is greater in studies that included patients with common risk factors for HIV and mental illness.6-8 The joint risk of acquiring HIV from other high-risk behaviours that accompany mental and co-morbid disorders (e.g. substance abuse) may account for the increased seroprevalence among the mentally ill compared with the general population. An HIV seroprevalence of 19.4% was reported in adults with SMI who were homeless and had high levels of alcohol abuse.6 Schizophrenics without substance abuse were found to have a lower risk for HIV.13 In this study, the prevalence of substance abuse (mainly cannabis) among the HIV-positive patients was low.
HIV-positive patients with SMI in low-prevalence regions have multiple risk factors for HIV.7,8 The age and sex ratios of the HIV-positive patients in our study were similar to those of the HIV-positive patients in the general population.18 The multivariate analysis confirms that age and sex are associated with HIV seropositivity, which suggests that the same factors driving the epidemic regionally are responsible for the high HIV prevalence among the mentally ill. However, the remaining excess seroprevalence of HIV suggests an increased risk to the mentally ill for contracting HIV. This claim is made cautiously as cross-sectional studies cannot establish causality, and our study was not designed to examine the nature of the association. Others have reported that patients with schizophrenia and SMI have poor HIV/AIDS knowledge, cognitive deficits, affective instability, behavioural impulsivity, and high rates of HIV risk-behaviour, which all contribute to HIV acquisition. In summary, the seroprevalence of HIV among those with SMI appears to be a function of their risk networks. In low-prevalence regions, those with SMI have multiple risk factors for HIV, including sexual and drug-related behaviours. However, in a generalised epidemic, sexual contact is the main mode of transmission.
After considering possible biases that might have been introduced through methodological and statistical differences, we conclude that the severely mentally ill is a vulnerable population, and we recommend provider-initiated testing and counselling. Public health benefits must not undermine the human rights of patients with SMI; PITC may increase stigma, the right to autonomy must be respected, and those with SMI may often not be able to decline testing or give informed consent. PITC must not be implemented in a vacuum; confidentiality, post-test counselling when patients can assimilate information, and access to ARVs and ongoing HIV care must be assured.
Our study has the following strengths: We have a valid estimate of the seroprevalence of HIV. As a result of anonymous testing, we included more than 95% of all admissions for the study period, which increased the power and reduced selection bias. The seroprevalence of HIV ranged from 1% to 10% in studies that tested patients anonymously for HIV,20,21 and from 0% to 28% in studies with voluntary testing.4,5,21 Anonymous testing is more accurate because it includes patients who may otherwise not consent to HIV testing, or patients incapable of giving informed consent. Studies with informed consent may self-select patients who suspect they may be HIV-positive. Almost all our patients were psychotic on admission and might have been unable to consent to HIV testing. Ethical problems with anonymous testing include the consideration that it would be considered unethical to test an individual and not disclose the result if effective treatment is available. At the time of this study (2000), no ARV therapy was available in the public sector in South Africa. It is unlikely that another, similar study would be approved by any IRB, and future studies will have selection bias. We acknowledge that the data were collected in 2000 but, given the ethical considerations of anonymous testing and easier access to ARVs, it is unlikely this study design will be replicated. We had a valid estimate of HIV among the general population at the time of our study.
Our findings are limited mainly to black females with SMI. Almost all patients were psychotic, and this study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in an urban centre. HIV-negative patients with less severe or less common mental disorders might have been treated in the community. Psychosis per se might have been a bias, as the patients with positive features (e.g. aggression and hallucinations) might have accessed care, and people with negative symptoms might have been managed in the community. Patients presenting with aggression were more likely to be HIV positive. However, these factors may explain why the total length of stay for the HIV-positive patients was shorter (Table I), as aggressive or unmanageable patients were transferred to another, longer-term ward. We did not do in-depth interviews and did not use validated scales. Therefore, we came to no firm conclusions regarding risk behaviour and clinical findings. We did not measure other potential confounders, e.g. income, sexual behaviour, etc. The socio-demographic characteristics were reliably determined. We have confidence in the data, as the socio-demographic findings were replicated in the univariate and multivariate analysis. Access to health care and criteria for admission to hospital are other factors that will affect the prevalence of HIV in a hospital setting. An equal proportion of HIV-positive and negative patients were psychotic on admission. Only patients with SMI were admitted to hospital, and access to care was not differential.
Notwithstanding its limitations, this study adds to studies of the mentally ill in a generalised epidemic. Our HIV seroprevalence finding among those with SMI was larger than that of the general population, even after considering variation by sex, age and race, which supports our conclusion that those with SMI are a vulnerable population and that HIV prevention and treatment programmes must be scaled up to address their needs. Our study provides empirical data to support the recommendations for provider-initiated testing for SMI patients.9 More public debate is encouraged on the ethics and human rights aspects of PITC in the mentally ill. In South Africa, provisions within the Mental Health Care Act allow for implementation of PITC.
Dinesh Singh thanks Margaret G Nair, MD, for her contribution to earlier drafts of this paper. Dinesh Singh was supported by Fogarty International Centre, NIH, grant 5-D43-TW00231 (AIDS International Training and Research Program, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, PhD, Principal Investigator).
1. Prince M, Patel V, Saxena S, et al. No health without mental health. Lancet 2007; 370: 859-877. [ Links ]
2. Harris MJ, Jeste DV, Gleghorn A, Sewell DD. New-onset psychosis in HIV-infected patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1991; 52: 369-376. [ Links ]
3. Ayuso-Mateos JL, Montanes F, Lastra I, Picazo de la Garza J, Ayuso-Gutierrez JL. HIV infection in psychiatric patients: an unlinked anonymous study. Br J Psychiatry 1997; 170: 181-185. [ Links ]
4. Meyer I, McKinnon K, Cournos F, et al. HIV seroprevalence among long-stay patients in a state psychiatric hospital. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1993; 44: 282-284. [ Links ]
5. Naber D, Pajonk FG, Perro C, Lohmer B. Human immunodeficiency virus antibody test and seroprevalence in psychiatric patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994; 89: 358-361. [ Links ]
6. Susser E, Valencia E, Conover S. Prevalence of HIV infection among psychiatric patients in a New York City men's shelter. Am J Public Health 1993; 83: 568-570. [ Links ]
7. Cournos F, McKinnon K. HIV seroprevalence among people with severe mental illness in the United States: a critical review. Clin Psychol Rev 1997; 17: 259-269. [ Links ]
8. Meade CS, Sikkema KJ. HIV risk behavior among adults with severe mental illness: a systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2005; 25: 433-457. [ Links ]
9. Joska JA, Kaliski SZ, Benatar SR. Patients with severe mental illness: A new approach to testing for HIV. S Afr Med J 2008; 98: 213-217. [ Links ]
10. World Health Organization. Guidance on Provider-initiated HIV Testing and Counseling in Health Facilities. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241595568_eng.pdf (accessed 20 December 2008). [ Links ]
11. Human Rights Watch. Comments on WHO/UNAIDS draft 'Guidance on Provider Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling in Health Facilities' Submission to WHO by Human Rights Watch. http://hrw.org/pub/2007/hivaids/hrwWhoGuidance.pdf (accessed 20 December 2008). [ Links ]
12. Kraemer HC, Stice E, Kazdin A, Offord D, Kupfer D. How do risk factors work together? Mediators, moderators, and independent, overlapping, and proxy risk factors. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 848-856. [ Links ]
13. Himelhoch S, McCarthy JF, Ganoczy D, Medoff D, Dixon LB, Blow FC. Understanding associations between serious mental illness and HIV among patients in the VA Health System. Psychiatr Serv 2007; 58: 1165-1172. [ Links ]
14. UNAIDS. 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic: Executive Summary. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2008. [ Links ]
15. Acuda SW, Sebit MB. Serostatus surveillance testing of HIV-1 infection among Zimbabwean psychiatric inpatients, in Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med 1996; 42: 254-257. [ Links ]
16. Sebit MB. Neuropsychiatric HIV-1 infection study: in Kenya and Zaire cross-sectional phase I and II. Cent Afr J Med 1995; 41: 315-322. [ Links ]
17. Sebit MB, Tombe M, Siziya S, Balus S, Nkomo SD, Maramba P. Prevalence of HIV/AIDS and psychiatric disorders and their related risk factors among adults in Epworth, Zimbabwe. East Afr Med J 2003; 80: 503-512. [ Links ]
18. Shisana O, Simbayi LC. Nelson Mandela HSRC Study of HIV/AIDS: South African National HIV Prevalence, Behavioural Risks and Mass Media. Household Survey 2002. Cape Town: Human Science Research Council of South Africa Publishers, 2002. [ Links ]
19. Shisana O, Stoker D, Simbayi LC, et al. South African national household survey of HIV/AIDS prevalence, behavioural risks and mass media impact detailed methodology and response rate results. S Afr Med J 2004; 94: 283-288. [ Links ]
20. Dasananjali T. The prevalence of HIV infection among mentally ill offenders in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 1994; 77: 257-260. [ Links ]
21. Rosenberg SD, Goodman LA, Osher FC, et al. Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in people with severe mental illness. Am J Public Health 2001; 91: 31-37. [ Links ]
22. Tharyan P, Ramalingam S, Kannangai R, Sridharan G, Muliyil J, Tharyan A. Prevalence of HIV infection in psychiatric patients attending a general hospital in Tamil Nadu, south India. AIDS Care 2003; 15: 197-205. [ Links ]
Accepted 15 January 2009.
* Corresponding author: D Singh (firstname.lastname@example.com)


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Gus Poyet has been sacked by Championship club Brighton & Hove Albion after a club investigation was held after he was initially suspended at the end of last season.
It has yet been revealed why Brighton suspendeD Poyet in the first place and there will be further questions on why he was eventually sacked by the club.
If getting sacked wasn't bad enough, unfortunately for Poyet, he found out about the news whilst he was being a pundit on BBC Three for the Confederations Cup.
The news of Poyet's dismissal came out during the first-half of Spain v Nigeria - and the Uruguayan was apparently told by the BBC presenter rather than the club itself.
As soon as the first-half ended in Brazil, the feed went back to the English studios that are still in England and instead of doing half-time analysis, they spoke about the breaking news that Poyet has been sacked.
The presenter brought up the news and revealed to Poyet the club statement which read: "Gus Poyet has been informed by the club's internal disciplinary panel his employment has been terminated.
"In line with the club's own procedures Mr Poyet now has a right of appeal."
The statement added: "Given the close proximity of the new season, the club will, in conjunction with its board, now seek to appoint an interim manager pending the outcome of a possible appeal.
"The interim manager will oversee the initial weeks of pre-season preparation alongside the club's existing staff."
After he finished reading the statement, he asked Poyet how he felt about the situation, to which the manager revealed that he had no idea he was sacked and he only found out once he was told by the presenter.
The news broke on BBC Sport, Sky Sports News and all over the social networking sites before Poyet knew himself.
The interview was very hard to watch as Poyet looked very surprised and hurt about the decision that Brighton took and the fact that he had no idea made it a lot worse.
Watch the video here: https://youtu.be/zvb_V4G9Fr4
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