text:
The Clarion Belltea Scitoal papeit
Vol. XXVII—No. 10 Bethel College and Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. December 11, 1947
Debate Squad to Defend Air Rating
Miss'y Activities
On Campus
The coming Missionary Band
meeting to be held December 12 in
the college chapel promises to be
of much interest and value to Bet-hel
students. Bud Weber will lead
the meeting as the Far Eastern
Gospel Crusade presents the chal-lenge
of the Phillippines and Japan.
Former Chaplain Finsaas will be
the speaker of the evening. The
Crusader's Quartette, Ted Huiz-inga,
Ben Haglund,Bud Weber, and
Don Sandin, will sing several num-bers.
Bethel was host to delegates and
students from ten schools as the
Student Missionary Conference met
on its campus November 22. The
featured speaker of the day was
Rev. Cabot Johnson, First Coven-ant
church, Minneapolis.
Included in the business of the
clay was the election of officers.
Merrill Erickson, Augsburg college,
was elected president with Ruth
Overwald, Swedish Hospital, Minn-eapolis,
as vice-president. As re-cording
secretary the conference
selected Goldie Erickson; the cor-esponding
secretary chosen being
Shirley Bayley, St. Paul Bible In-stitute.
Maynard Johnson was
elected treasurer while Bill Hessel-grave,
Augsburg college, was
chosen as the publicity officer. Ely-ing
Anderson was chosen as the
new advisor for the conference.
The study group of December 4,
led by Ralph Larson, proved to be
both inspirational and thought-provoking.
The discussion center-ed
around the life of William
Holidays in East
Possible Through
Chartered Bus
The WHAT is a trip, WHEN is
our Christmas vacation, WHERE is
to the East Coast, and HOW is by
Greyhound bus. Can you guess who
this might concern? There are
thirteen (and we're not supertit-ious)
lucky Bethel people who are
going to spend their Christmas
holidays in New England, particul-arly
Massachusetts and Connecti-cut.
Through the efforts of students
at Trinity Seminary in Minneap-olis,
a bus has been chartered to
make a round-trip from Minneap-olis
and St. Paul to New York and
Five Students In
Local Train Crash
Five Bethelites were passengers
on the Burlington "Zepher" when
it rammed into the Northwestern
engine as it pulled into the St.
Paul depot, Sunday night, Novem-ber
30. Although some riders were
seriously injured, Bethel students
from Chicago suffered only minor
injuries. Among these were Naomi
Nesterud, George Souchek, Flor-ence
Nordstrom, Charlotte Ekberg,
and Marge Helgren.
75 Paytie 74afrta1
Ploothied Mai/
Anticipating the date on which
seventy-five pages of the 1948 Spire
will be early for printing, the staff
settled down this week to a period
of intensive work to give reality to
plans for a year book of outstand-ing
quality. An early deadline has
been set to obtain better workman-ship
in the printing and binding
of the books, and to insure delivery
by the first part of May.
Arrangements have been made
Twith the Lakeland Color Press of
Brainerd to publish the annual by
the use of off-set printing.
'File 'photographer from Wright
Studio., is scheduled to return to-the
campus on Monday, Decembei
15, for re sittings. At that time
student, who missed previous op-portunities
also will have an op-portunity
to be photographed.
The staf asserted that it would
melcomts any assistance in produc-ing
the annual.
College Chapel
To Have Organ
The Bethel plant is due for a
new addition in the very near fut-ure.
The long talk about organ for
the Chapel has been ordered and
is due to be delivered early in 1948.
The organ is a Baldwin electronic
model and as such represents the
newest in this field.
Plans Underway
For Spring
"Deeper Life"
Being aware of the fact that
dates on a speaker's calendar are
quickly blocked- in, the Religious
Council is already at work at sec-uring
a speaker for the week of
Deeper Life services to be held in
the spring.
It was hoped that Dr. Ironsides
could be obtained for this speak-ing
engagement, but he was unable
tc accept the invitation due'to a
limited speaking schedule for next
year. The Council has several
other speakers listed for consider-ation,
and it is hoped that an an-nouncement
can soon be made as
to the speaker's name for the
spring meetings.
Winter Quarter
Gains Seventeen
New Students
As the winter quarter of school
began, new students were wel-comed
to the campus. There is a
total of 17 new registrations in the
college for the new quarter, and
of these there are 11 boys and 6
girls. Bob Swartz and Louie Schul-tz
were among those who have re:
turned to Bethel to continue their
studies. Of 11 fellows, the vets
are again represented in that there
are 5 of them in the group. The
middle section of the country, with
Minnesota again taking first place,
seems to have the largest number
of represenatives with 9. From the
east there are 3 new students, and
from the west, 2 more have come
to this school.
Unused Scholarships
Wait On Applicants
Scores of scholarships paying
from $50 to V3-50 a year are 'going
unused, and almost eighteen per
ceiit of all :...cholarships and grants
in the United States are inactive
because of a lack of applicants" an
article in. Varsity, the young man's
magazine, reveals.
According to a nation-wide sur-vey
made by the publication,
thousands of dollars in school aid
go begging each year simply be-cause
students are unaware of the
fact that the grants exist. More-over,
the belief that proficiency in
studies is the only basis for schol-astic
awards has discouraged in-dividuals
who may be eligible for
other reasons.
Even such obvious sources of
student assistance as government
aid to the families of World War
I veterans are often ignored, the
Varsity Magazine article declares.
Other forms of grant-in-aid which
go unused are those given on the
basis of religion; those granted
by counties, cities, and states (in
which the applicant resides) to
students who pledge to teach in
local schools; and those awarded
as prizes by government officials,
social and fraternal organizations,
and industries.
(Cont. Page 4)
Under the leadership of Samuel
Schultz and Stanley Paulson, a de-bate
club has been organized here
at Bethel. Teams are working hard
to gather material which will be
used in debates with other college's
teams. The topic which is to be
debated this year is Resolved: that
a Federal World Government
should be established:
A practice debate was held with
St. Thomas College December 2.
December 12' and 13, four teams
from Bethel will enter a meet at
Iowa State Teachers College. Plans
have been made to attend meets in
Fargo-Moorhead a n d tentative
plans are also being made to send
a team or teams to a meet in
Denver, Colorado.
Anyone interested in debate is
invited to attend meetings which
will be announced in Chapel or on
the bulletin board.
Sweden Trip, 1st;
Prize in Contest...)
Do you want to go to Sweden
in the summer of 1948 for the
Swedish Centennial? Well, here is
your chance. All you have to do is
write a 2,500 word essay on "The
Influence of Swedish Settlers on a
Community or Region". This
shouldn't be too hard because there
are so many Swedish people right
around us.
The first prize is an eight week
trip to Scandinavia, and the second
prize is a six week trip. Third
prize is a $200 trip to one of the
Centennial Celebrations in the Mid-dle
West in 1948.
For futher information about this
contest, see the poster in The
Clarion office.
Film Shown in Chapel
Monday evening, December 1,
the British produced movie "The
Life of Paul" was shown for Bethel
students in the chapel. This film,
excellently portraying the incidents
in Paul's life ,was brought to us
by the Hospitality House.
Meet with B. W. A. Thursday,
December 11, at 3 P.M. for a
Christmas musical program under -
the chairmanship of Violet Lavin.
Page 2 THE CLARION
The Clarion
Editor-in-Chief Perry Hedberg
Assistant Editor Marwin Lindstedt
Managing Editor Rudy W. Forsman
Assistant Managing- Editor John Soneson
News Editor Marwin Lindstedt
Feature Editor David Carlson
Sports Editor David Osterberg
Reporters Audrey Carlson, Harold Christen-sen,
Carl Appelquist, Doris Olson, Bill Lind-roth,
Ed Stayton, John Leggett, Al Olsson,
Pat Calbom, Adelle Bavin, Pat Pope, Virginia
Hanson, Milt Regier, Lois Leaf, Paul Ander-son,
Bernice Madsen.
Typists Jean Butler, Carolyn Hedberg,
Roy Dalton
Art Editor Ted Hamlin
Photographers .... Byron Skalman, Harry Paney
Business Manager - Bob Hamlett
Circulation Manager Kenneth Skov
Faculty Adviser. V. Elving Anderson
Issued weekly during the school year,
except vacations.
Subscription price $1.50 per year
Secret of Power
Normally life is largely action in the form
of work or play. When work is done willingly
and with strength it will also be done efficient-ly
and then work really becomes play—enjoy-ment.
There is thus a close relationship.
We speak of ourselves as Christians and
in this capacity we have much work to do.
"The fields are ripe" more than at • any time
in the history of the Church. Are we willing
to do the work ? How de we get the strength?
Physical strength we get by being able to
assimilate food—the substances of which our
bodies are made. Mental strength we may
acquire chiefly by getting into contact with
other minds and by absorbing the fruits of the
mental world. Spiritual strength we can get
by opening our hearts to the influences of the
spiritual world and by being made ready for
the very indwelling of the Spirit of God Him-self
(Acts 1:8).
For the first Christians prayer, meditation,
and separation were the immediate means by
which they prepared themselves for receiving
the Divine power. The result of that new
power was that men and women were turned
to the Lord Jesus Christ, that is, real work
was accomplished—joyfully. This power of
God is in itself unchangeable, but its express-ion
in us may increase or decrease. It should
be the "normal" in the life of a true Christian
to "go from strength to strength". Let's de-termine
to become normal Christians that we
may do the work of Him that hath called ns!
—Swan Engwall
24azeici clia4/24.
By Dave Carlson
After final exams, Thanksgiving turkey, and
morning hours spent in bed, we find that
casualities were small among our students.
It was feared by some self-appointed author-ities
that the sudden discovery of freedom
would overawe some of you freshmen who
have been bowing under the burden of Modern
World History and Zoology. One of the Junior
sages opined, "Why, some of those kids will
find that their younger brothers and sisters
are making more money baby-sitting than they
ever hope to make as a junior assistant- to
some assistant vice-president in charge of
clothes pins in a lumber company and decide
to throw in the sponge in exchange for ear
plugs." However, it is remarkable how callous-ed
one can become to the lure of money after
living on a $1.70 margin ror three months and
so we find the classrooms filled (except on
Monday morning) with Bob Mantzke and three
or four others who managed to squeeze in.
Yes, it's a new quarter which will bring new
"bucking" tactics, new student directories, and
new (but still futile) attempts at studying.
By the way, a new quarter still buys only two
chocolate eclairs and a bottle of pop in the
Coffee Shoppe. INTRODUCNG! For the
Figures, facts, pounds, gallons—here's one
more statistic that may bring an indulgent
smile to your face. On pages 104-105 of the
annual report booklet of the Baptist General
Conference of America we find the information
that our college boarding club came out ahead
$10,419.53 for the fiscal year ended April 30,
1947—in spite of all the broken spaghetti plat-ters.
Of course, this is all ok, but these are
the figures we're interested in—not how many
buckets of weiners and sauerkraut it takes
to cover the highway from here to Anoka.
Itchy Johnson is happy about Ruth Smith's
new job. The other day I overheard him pro-posing
marriage to her. He said, and I quote
(of course), "Aw, come on, Ruth, be a sup-port!"
Maybe we are the only money-chasing nation
in the-world. If you can't borrow it from some
other country, you have to chase it.
These days the newspapers are usually quite
glum, the bearers of ill news. It's hard to find
an optimistic note, but the other day I picked
up the Minneapolis "Tribune" and my heart
actually leaped for joy. For there, amidst
Molotov musings and Mill City murders, was
the amazing good news that BANANAS HAVE
1946. For a moment the world seemed to
stand still, and I was forced to brush a tear
of happiness from my eyes. And then I began
to whistle, counting for three days. C'est fini.
—C. A. Appelquist.
The Clarion exchanges student newspapers
with a number of other campuses throughout
the country including Wheaton, Ill., Sioux
Falls College, Macalester, the University,
Rochester, Muskegon, Michigan, and even
Wetaskinwin, Alberta in Canada. From these
we get news and ideas concerning other
Christian students at Sioux Falls are bind-ing
together in a spiritual crusade which
calls itself the Christian Student Volunteer
Movement whose purpose is to unite Christian
students in the name of Christ. The program
has possibilities of re-shaping the entire cam-pus.
Virginia Goven reigned as Queen of the
Scots in the homecoming activities at MacalaS-ter.
Their football game against Hamline high-lighted
the events.
The University of Minnesota has installed
a new sound- system in Memorial Staditim
which allows the speaker to talk above the
band and the noise of the stands. The speaker
is now easily understood, and there is no
interference, thus producing better sound
quality. It has five times as much power as
the old system.
benefit of you freshmen we wish to introduce
you to a few additions to our campus this
quarter who may be new to you but mane
their impression on this campus last year.
Don't be too surprised when you hear a high-pitched
voice call out, "I say there, old boy",
in a definitely British accent. It is our foreign
correspondent Ted Avey, just returned from
a trip to England where, I understand, he
viewed Princess Elizabeth's wedding from a
hole in the ceiling of Westminister Abby (may-be
he was repairing the roof) Two of the
smilingest faces that have greeted you lately
were, more than likely, the "resonance" boys,
Schultz and Schwartz. Although not related,
it is coincidental that a couple fellows with
similar names should mean so much to Bethel,
11; enni of Tbouglit
By President W ing blade
The late Dr. Howard Kelly, distinguished
surgeon and professor of John Hopkins
University Medical School, used to say that
one thing he liked about the Bible was its
We are about to celebrate another Christ-mas,
which again takes is back to the mystic
incarnation, God becoming flesh, and here we
have the greatest of all paradoxes—the in-finite
God manifest in a little child.
Another tremendous paradox constitutes the
climax of His living among men—namely, the
Cross, and He himself puts it thus: "Except
the grain of wheat fall into the ground and die,
it remaineth alone. But if it die, it bringeth
forth much fruit".
And then He speaks to us in a paradox:
"He that loveth his life shall lose it; but he
that hateth his life in this world shall find
it unto life eternal."
And we recall His words to the disciples:
"Except ye be converted and become as little
children, ye cannot enter the Kingdom of
Here, then, we have the infinite God be-comihg
a little child that He might bring
salvation to men, and then the pronuncio that
every man, no matter how great, must become
as a child in order to enter His Kingdotn, and
experience that salvation.
The great Christ has set the example in
self humiliation, and therefore God highly
exalted Him. When we too are willing to
become nothing and lose ourselves in Him, we
shall find ourselves in His infinite love and
share with Him His high exaltation.
And so, Christmas drives home that truth to
us once again. A little Child shall lead men to
infinite greatness and glory.
"This is my beloved Son. Hear ye Him".
Woe unto the world if the world will not
hear Him. Only that way salvation and victory
I know not by what method rare,
But this I know, God answers prayer,
I know that He has given His word,
Which tells me prayer is always heard.
And will be answered soon or late;
And as I pray, and calmly wait,
I know not if the blessing sought,
Will come in just the way I thought,
But leave my prayer with Him alone,
Whose Will is wiser than my own
Assured that He will grant my quest,
Or send some answer far more blest.
—From the 77th Seabees' OAK LEAVES
musically. By the way, Schwartz is the one
with the moustache and Schultz is the hand-some
one with glasses.
CAMPUS CHAFF Eric Borgeson, heir-apparent
to the coach's position, is too honest,
I'm afraid. After a game of "four horse" the
other day, he turned in a wallet which he
found in the gymn and three days later dis-covered
that it was his own In looking
over the sleek cars in the parking lot the
other day, I was wondering when the first
"hot rod" would make its appearance on
campus. My musing was interrupted by the
sound of a terrific roar emanating from the
exhaust of a car and I thought my question had
been answered. Lo and behold, it was our
Dean Karlson driving his mufflerless car.
PLATFORM FOR TODAY: Let this be our
rule in speaking of others, "How much dare I
say to his face?"
THE CLARION Page 3
Indians Win from Bethany 40-36
Greenman Leads
Varsity Quintet
Last Saturday night Coach Ed-wards
unveiled his 1947-'48 edition
of the Bethel basketball team. The
Indians gave him no cause for ex-ceptional
joy, but they did come
through with a hard-fought 40-36
victory over a fast, scrappy Beth-any
J. C. squad in a game played
at Mankato.
Led by the steady play of Kenny
Greenman, who scored 12 points
on five field goals and two charity
tosses, the Indians opened the scor-ing
and managed to hang on to a
slim lead throughout most of the
game. With the score tied at 4-4,
Roy Nelson came into the game
and scored on two quick long shots
in the closing minutes of the first
quarter to give Bethel an 8-4 lead.
In the second quarter the play was
fast but ragged enough to keep the
scoring low. Boyer, Bethany center,
found the range for two buckets to
cut Bethel's lead to 15-14 just as
the half ended.
Bethany scored first in the sec-ond
half on a goal by -Mintz to take
a one point lead, but the Indians
came back with goals by Peterson
again. The play was fast and hard
and Greenman to forge ahead once
for the rest of the period with the
score being tied four times. Boyer,
high scorer of the game, made a
free throw to give Bethany a 25-24
lead, but it was short-lived as Eklof
came back with a tip-in to send
the Indians out in front as the
quarter ended. Bethel pulled away
to a seven point lead with but
five minutes to play, but Bethany
fought back to trail by a 38-36
score. With a minute left to play,
Porcella scored a field goal to put
the game on ice.
At a glance: Greenman played
good steady ball ; Ev Johnson and
Eklof did some nice rebound work;
the team needs a lot of work, but
should develope into a good ball
club. Next game— Rochester!
Box Score:
Bethel FG FT PFTP
Sandberg (f) 3 0 3 6
Nelson (f) 2 0 2 4
Peterson (f) 3 1 2 7
Borgeson (c) 0 1 0 1
Porcella (c) 2 0 4 4
Eklof (c) 2 0 0 4
Greenman (g) 5 2 4 12
Johnson (g) 1 0 0 2
Dischinger (g) 0 0 1 0
Lindstrom (g) 0 0 1 0
Totals 18 4 17 40
Bethany FGFTPFTP
Mintz (f) 3 1 3 7
Shepherd (f) 2 0 2 4
Rehwaldt (f) 0 0 2 0
Moldstad (c) 1 0 1 2
Priess (c) 0 0 0 0
Minke (g) 1 1 3 3
Bohrer (g) 0 0 0 0
Heidorn (g) 3 1 3 7
Boyer (c) 5 3 1 13
Totals 15 6 15 36
Sports Sketch
For the benefit of the Freshmen
and new students entering school
this winter quarter, we would like
to introduce Mi. Paul Edwards to
you. As Coach of basketball and
baseball for the past three years,
and also as a teacher of one of the
Bible courses, Mr. Edwards has
become very well known and very
popular at Bethel.
Mr. Edwards attended West
High in Green Bay, Wisconsin,
where he played basketball for
three years and captained the team
in his last year. After graduation
he went to Wheaton College in
Illinois. There too, he played three
years of ball at guard and again
captained the team in his last year.
Following his graduation from
Wheaton in 1943 with a Bachelor
of Arts Degree, he attended the
Nolthern Baptist Seminary for a
year. -Accepting the call of Bethel
College, Mr. Edwards arrived here
in the fall of 1944 to further his
studies at the Seminary and also
to take over the coaching job
which he has ably fulfilled ever
since. Attesting to that, is the fact
that he had one championship
basketball team two years ago, and
last year's team finished in second
place. Mr. Edwards is also taking
graduate work at the University
of Minnesota, majoring in Ling-uistics,
and serves in the pulpit of
a rural church.
Mr. Edwards has been married
four years and is the proud father
of a three year old girl. His wife,
Laura, is the daughter of the Sel-anders,
missionaries to India, and
she is now attending medical
school. Together they plan to some-day
go to the foreign field, proba-bly
India, as missionaries. But
while he is at Bethel, Mr. Edwards'
primary objective is N. A. S., name-ly
a New Athletic Stadium.
Infra-Mural Opens
Schedule Friday
Last week Coach Edwards an-nounced
the organization of an in-tramural
basketball league. This
league is for the benefit of all men
who like to play basketball but are
unable to participate in the var-sity
game because of lack of time.
Plans call for the formation of
six or eight teams, depending on
the interest shown, and a schedule
of ten to fourteen games. The
league will keep records and pro-vide
regular officials. Games will
be played on Friday afternoons as
much as possible with some chan-ges
made to meet the gym sched-ule.
Intramural basketball enjoyed a
successful season last year with
much spirited rivalry between the
teams and enthusiastic support by
the fans. Six well-matched teams
"B" Squad Wins
At Bethany 32-20
Paced by Jonny Peterson and
Waage, the Indians' "B" team op-end
their season with a 32-20 vic-tory
over the Bethany "B" squad.
Coach Skalbeck's boys displayed
some smooth ball handling and a
lot of fight when it was needed.
The first half was a nip and tuck
affair with Bethel holding a slight
advantage throughout. The score
at the first quarter was 12-10, and
at the half Bethel led 17-15. In the
third period the Indians pulled
away to a nine point lead while
holding Bethany scoreless. Third
quarter score, Bethel 24, Bethany
15. The final period opened with
Peterson and Waage making goals
to run up Bethel's advantage. With
the score standing at 31-17, Coach
Skalbeck substituted freely to get.
a line on all his players. Sims con-tributed
a free throw and Bethany
came through with three points in
the closing minutes to make the
final score of 32-20. Peterson was
high scorer of the game with 14
points, followed by Waage with 8
points. Anderson led Bethany's
scoring with a basket and three
charity tosses. Bud Johnson at cen-ter
and Dickenson at guard played
good defensive games taking a lot
of rebounds from both boards.
The "B" team has a thirteen
game schedule planned and will
be playing all the preliminary
home games this year in place of
the girls" team. First home game
will be Northwestern on December
Box Score:
Bethel FGFTPFTP
Peterson, J. (f) 4 6 2 14
Sims (f) 0 1 1 1
Peterson, H. (f) 1 0 3 2
Johnson, D. (c) 1 3 2 5
Wallin (c) 0 0 1 0
Dickenson (g) 1 0 4 2
Olson, A. (g) 0 0 3 0
Waage (g) 3 2 2 8
Vance (g) 0 0 0 0
Anderson (c) 0 0 0 0
Totals 10 12 18 32
Bethany FUFTPFTP
Erickson (f) 1 1 3 3
Zitzman (f) 0 0 0 0
Anderson (f) 1 3 4 5
Madson (f) 1 2 2 4
Cordes (c) 1 0 4 2
Heintz (c) 0 0 2 0
Theiste (g) 1 0 1 2
Olson (g) 0 0 0 0
Viegut (g) 1 2 0 4
Annexsted (g) 0 0 0 0
Totals 6 8 16 20
were in the league, and many close
contests occurred during the ten
game schedule. The Roger Dodgers
and the Sneakers tied for the title
with records of 7 won and 3 lost
to their credit.
On the Sidelines
This week we reluctantly turn
our attention away from that favor-ite
sport, eating holiday dinners,
just long enough to take a glance
at the Indians' prospects for the
present basketball season. Coaches
are always reluctant to climb out
on a limb regarding the team's
chances of success, but here are a
few facts relative to the shape of
things to come in basketball this
year at our school.
Coach Paul Edwards has a vet-eran
squad this year with all of
last year's lettermen returning ex-cept
Bob Sandin, guard captain. At
forwards Edwards has Sandberg
and Wayne Peterson. Sandberg,
who had a berth on last year's All-
Conference third team, is captain
of the team this year and is de-pended
on for his all-around steady
play. At the other forward spot the
team will have added offensive
power with the return of Peterson
who captained the Indians during
the 1945-'46 season before entering
the armed forces. Kenny Green-man,
who was the Conference high
scorer last year and a member of
the All-Conference first team, will
handle one of the guard spots.
Greenman's aggressive play is ex-pected
to give the team that added
drive that will make a successful
season. Another veteran guard,
Johnny Dischinger, will have a lot
of help from very promising re-serve
players at the other guard
position. At center Edwards has
the height he wished for last sea-son
in Johnny Porcella. Porcella,
a 6 foot 7 inch lad from New Jer-sey,
is expected to add a lot to the
defensive play of the team. The
team also has a lot of reserve tal-ent
on hand this year including
Roy and Ev Johnson, Roy Nelson,
Bergeson, and Skoog, all veterans
of last year's squad, and Edlund,
Erickson, Ecklof, and Daley among
a host of new men. This reserve
will play an important part In the
team's success this season.
Last year the Indians ended the
season in •a tie for second place
with Austin. They defeated first
place Worthington, 58 to 50, hand-ing
Worthington the only defeat
they suffered in athletics last year.
Their Conference record was 8 Won
and 5 lost, while their season's
record was 10 won and 7 lost.
This season the Indians play
nineteen games. How well they will
do can be determined in another
week or so, but from the facts at
hand,I think our team will be hard
to beat. With Porcella in there at
center, the Indians will have the
height they needed last year, and
that spelled the difference in vic-tory
or defeat on several occasions.
We are happy to have Coach
Skalbeck continue on in athletics
at our school. He is coaching the
"B" squad and is doing a fine job
of teaching the boys good basket-ball
1583 No. Hamline Avenue
With a grain of salt:
Westlund's Food
Market, Inc.
Quick Freeze Service
and Frosted Foods
Meats at Falr Prices
Johnson & Barnes
Fairway Foods
Fruits and Vegetables
597 Snelling Avenue North Ne. 8621
1573 University Avenue Midway 9910
University Ave. Near Snelling
M I dway 2936
St. Paul, Minn.
Bethel Bookstore
& Coffee Shop
—Where Students and Faculty
Meet Around the Coffee Cup
Morning, afternoon and evening
N. L. Hermes
1581 W. Larpenteur & Snelling
St. Paul 8, Minn. Midway 1017
SEE Bud Weber
For Dependable Quality
Dry Cleaning Service
Hamline Cleaners
724 N. Snelling Ave..
1560 Como Avenue
Commers' Fashion
Ladies and Childrens Ready
to Wear
Open until 9 Mon. and Thurs.
Snelling and Larpenteur
Dry Goods
E. L. Brink Variety
1532 W. Larpenteur Ave.
Mi. 7849 St. Paul 8, Minn.
Order your Fuller Christmas gifts NOW!
Hair Brush Sets — Clothes Brushes
Hand Brushes — Toiletry Sets
FULLER BRUSHES Roy Nelson, Agent
Page 4 THE CLARION
Hope everyone had as good a
hanksgivving as I did. Mmmmm.
As 'Eric' says, "You can be thank-ful
you're not a Turkey." Accord-ing
to reports, `Mert' Rehnberg
wasn't too polite when eating out
at a semi-formal Thanksgiving din-ner.
You should drink the water,
My vote for the best fed Bethe-lite
would go to Fido. Have any
of you observed how Eula always
sees that he gets his seconds? Fido
never stands in line, but then only
a dog would skip the line.
Say! ! ! Did you visit the library
recently? With those lights you
can study there without squint-ing,
but be sure to lock your room
when you're gone or Lois Leaf will
toss a frog in your room. She's
starting a Zoo. So far she has a
frog and a mate.
Not changing the subject, did
you notice that Ted Johnson had
a hair-cut over the weak-end? And
that 'Doc' Goodrich has a smile
that is becoming to Widen?
Ken. Samuelson: "Never again.
So long as I live, I'll never ask a
woman to marry me."
Jim Rehnberg: "Yes? She said
Ken: "No. She said yes."
Bob Hamlet was talking to Jean.
"If you refuse to be mine, I'll hurl
myself off that 200 foot cliff."
"Aw," said Jean, "that's a lot of
I'll close by saying that the girl
that thinks no man is good enough
for her may be right, but she is
more often left.
The Nash Coffee Company really
takes their business seriously when
they send a bill for the dining hall
to 1455 Aroma. Some other com-panies
have written the school add-ress
as 1480 N. Smelling Ave.
Alumni News
Velda Larson (Bethel 46-47) be
came Mrs. Harry Bell, October 16,
in a ceremony at Pontiac, Michi-gan,
where they are making their
hoxe. Alice Swan became Mrs.
Gordon Johnson on November 15
in St. Paul. Congratulations to the
newly weds.
Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Sahlin
(Jacqueline Lundquist) are in E.
Detroit where Clarence is going to
school and preaching, and Jackie
is teaching elementary school and
taking some night courses. Mr. and
Mrs. Connie Anderson (Marge
Erickson) are residing in Chicago.
Grace Jorgenson is attending
Ottawa College in Kansas, and
Laverne Gothberg (Bethel '44) is
attending Wilson College, in Chic-ago.
Neva Liljemark ('45) appeared
on Cedric Adams program, Stair-way
to Stardom, and received high
acclaim. Since Bethel, she has been
attending Mac Phail School of
M usic.
Delores Clauson ('44) is now
Mrs. Bruce Paulson. Both are teach-ing
at Maple Lake, Home Ec. and
Coaching, respectively.
University Chapter of Alumni is
dormant until after fall quarter,
inasmuch as finals are almost upon
them. However, the basketball fans
are still struggling for practice
nights. At their last practice only
5 girls came out, so the men helped
them out and gave them a work
Edgren Home
Enjoys a Brief
Vacation Too
Peace and quiet reigned for
awhile in the Men's dorm. It was
the Thanksgiving vacation. Gone
were the luscious vuors of coffee
cooking and eggs frying. Gone were
the sounds of typewriters and also
the grunts and groans from the
telephone booth. Last but far from
least, gone were the young men,
they for the most part were speed-ily
heading home to a feast beyond
compare. There were a few less
fortunate who stayed on the cam-pus,
but no doubt their thoughts
were far from here.
The peace was not long lasting.
Starting Saturday the trek back to
the dorm began. The greeting most
prevelant was, "Did you have a
nice Thanksgiving?" This was the
right opening to compare notes on
the vacation. The subjects com-pared
ranged from the good food
to the girl friend back home. Need-less
to say none of the comparisons
lacked interest. The memories of
this Thanksgiving will be long last-ing.
The dorm meeting called for Dec.
2, 1947 was cancelled. There were
not enough members present to
conduct any business of import-ance.
W. J. Borchert Midway 4287
14% discount—Bethel students
- and faculty
Mid-Town Cleaners
1558 Como Ave. at Snelling
College Transfer
Needs Approval
Veterans entering smaller coll-eges
with the intentions of trans-ferring
to larger schools later will
find it to their advantage to de-clare
such intentions on enroll-ment,
Veterans Administration ad-vises.
VA has received reports that
many veterans w-ho would like to
attend larger colleges, but who
have been prevented from doing
so by heavy enrollments, plan to
take two years work in smaller
schools where there are vacancies
and transfer to larger schools for
their last two years of study.
Since VA 'must approve any
change of institution, a trainee's
advance declaration if intent to
transfer will facilitate VA permiss-ion
when such transfer is request-ed.
Continued from page 1
A four-point program for obtain-ing
information on scholarships is
included in the Varsity report. (1.)
City and state scholarship lists
can be obtained from local Boards
of Education. (2.) University cat-alogues
list all scholarships avail-able
at the individual institution.
(3.) Library reference books ment-ion
all new scholarships announced
in newspapers and magazines. (4.)
A Government publication entitled
"Scholarships and Fellowships,"
available through the Government
Printing Office in Washington, D.
C., discusses most of the available
American student aid grants.
Click tabs to swap between content that is broken into logical sections.


text:
July 23, 2011
The YEA.NICE 2011/12 Fall Winter collection continues with a clean look, unique designs and limited quantities. This line includes artwork from Stinkone; an emerging artist out of southern California. His shirt, the "Facemask" was created with the idea to keep it unique, which is why we only produced 50. Another piece is our "Sabol" snapback; a collaboration with DJ's the Dirty Disco Kidz. We continue to focus on quality and fit above all to produce a product that has you feeling good. Available in only 42 stores across the country the 2nd YEA.NICE line truly remains limited.
Thank you for your support.
The 2011/12 Fall-Winter look book was shot over a 2 day period in Boulder and Denver, CO. Shot by Jeff Cormack's new Play+Record production company and accompanied by photographer Terry Ratzlaff. Our shoot carried on in the rain, 14-hour days and 100+ coffee's. Giving us a finished 2nd shoot.
YEA.NICE was launched in October 2010 by JJ Thomas and Josh Sherman. At a young age, both lived and breathed the action sports lifestyle. As individuals, they gained notoriety and success from snowboarding. JJ topping podiums at X-Games, Dew Tour, and the Olympics. And Josh finding a path that eventually landed him on the cover of Transworld.
For years, JJ and Josh talked about launching a clothing brand. After a month long trip together in New Zealand, they began focusing on the unnamed company. When talking with a friend, Josh jokingly said, "Yea, nice". A phrase he had said all the time. He emailed JJ, "YEA.NICE…It's A Brand", and the company was born.
Staying owned, operated and financed personally, JJ and Josh have brought an original vibe to the action sports lifestyle. YEA.NICE has already been seen on top pros in the snowboard, skate and surf world, as well as major musicians and TV personalities. Located out of Boulder, Colorado, this design driven brand continues to create limited clothing that truly emulates the lifestyles they love.
Website: www.yeanice.com
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/pages/YEANICE/279140663411?ref=ts
Twitter: http://twitter.com/#!/YEANICEBRAND
Where to buy:
Available online at: Active Ride Shop & Tactics Boardshop.
YEA.NICE dealers: http://yeanice.com/dealers

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Patrick Parish, Virginia
From FamilySearch Wiki
United States Virginia Patrick Parish
Patrick Parish has served Henry and Franklin counties.
- 1778[1]
Parish History
Meade's 1861 history of Patrick Parish is available online.[2]
Parish Records
- ↑ Freddie Spradlin, "Parishes of Virginia," VAGenWeb, accessed 29 January 2011; Hening's Statutes at Large; Emily J. Salmon and Edward D.C. Campbell Jr., The Hornbook of Virginia History (Richmond: Library of Virginia, 1994).
- ↑ William Meade, Old Churches, Ministers and Families of Virginia, 2 vols. (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott and Co., 1861). Digital versions at Internet Archive: Vol. I and Vol. II.


text:
by Sheri Howard
If you need a Spring or Easter skirt for your little darling, here is an easy, fast way to have one of your very own.
1 Honey Bun– I used Happy Campers by American Jane.
I was so excited I unrolled it before I took a picture with it's cute tag!
1/2 yard coordinating fabric for waist band and skirt band.
3/4″ elastic
1- cute model –my neighbor!
Rick-rack to go around skirt bottom if desired.
All seams are 1/4″ unless otherwise stated.
1.) Measure the length from the waist to the middle of the knee cap of your luck little lady. This will be the length of the honey bun strips for the skirt body. For example: 10″
1.) Measure the length from the waist to the middle of the knee cap of your luck little lady. This will be the length of the honey bun strips for the skirt body. For example: 10″
2.) Measure the waist of your lucky lady. You will need this measurement to know how many strips for the skirt body. Your skirt body needs to be 4 times the waist measurement. for example: waist measurement 20″ Skirt body will be 80″
3.) Determine how many strips you can get from a length of honey bun based on 42″ strips. For example: waist to knee length 10″ you can get 4 lengths per strip. This math is not too hard because the finished size of the strips are 1″ So, I need 20 full strips from the honey bun that will be cut to 10″
Good luck trying to choose just 20!
You don't have to use just 20, mix and match any of the strips.
1.) Sew the 42″ length of the honey bun strips into groups of 2. Press seams all one way.
2.) Cut into length measuring the waist to knee. For example: 10″ Don't panic yet because you will still add some length with the waistband and skirt band.
3.) Sew the groups of 2 into groups of 4.
4.) Sew groups of 4 into groups of 8 then 16 etc. until you have the needed strips. For example: 80 strips. Press seams all one way. Sew ends together to form a circle.
1.) Cut 1- waist band 6″ x waist size plus 8″ For example: (6″ x 20″ + 8″) = 6″ x 28″waistband.
2.) Sew together end to end to make a circle using a 1/4″ seam.
3. Press under 1/4″ from top.
4.) Measure and turn down 1″ for elastic casing.
5.) Sew around waist band and make sure to leave an opening for elastic. Don't insert elastic until skirt is finished.
1.) Gather skirt onto waist band using about a 1/2″- 5/8″ seam.
2.) Top stitch along gathered seam to help gathers lay flat.
1.) Cut 1- bottom band 4″ x width of skirt body plus 1/2″ for seam. For example :
(4″x 80″ + 1/2″) = 4″ x 80 1/2″ bottom skirt band.
2.) Sew together end to end to make a circle using a 1/4″ seam. Press seam open.
3.) Press bottom skirt band wrong sides together length of band.
4.) Sew to bottom of skirt body. I like to zig-zag or overlock the band and skirt to eliminate strings after washing.
5.) Press band toward band and top stitch to help keep strips laying flat.
1.) Measure waist and cut elastic that measurement. Thread through waistband casing over lapping 1/2″ on ends. Sew casing closed. Try it on your lucky little lady!
Add medium rick-rack over the top stitching along the bottom band. So Cute!


text: On 25 Sep 2008, at 3:19 pm, Joe Landman wrote: > BLAST uses mmap'ed IO. This has some interesting ... > interactions ... with parallel file systems. It's not *too* bad on Lustre. We use it in production that way. >> Are there other recommendations for fast scratch space (it doesn't >> have to >> be a parallel file system, something with less hardware would be >> nice) > > Pure software: GlusterFS currently, ceph in the near future. GFS > won't give you very good performance (meta-data shuttling limits > what you can do). You could go Lustre, but then you need to build > MDS/ODS setups so this is hybrid. Lustre still has some interesting performance corners. Random access with small reads is weak, so don't try putting DBM files on it, for example. > > Pure hardware: Panasas (awesome kit, but not for the light-of- > wallet), DDN, Bluearc (same comments for these as well). We have seen some scaling/stability issues with BlueArc NFS heads, at least on our SAN hardware. At the scale the OP is suggesting though, it'll be fine (and they certainly are fast). Regards, Tim -- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute is operated by Genome Research Limited, a charity registered in England with number 1021457 and a company registered in England with number 2742969, whose registered office is 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE.


text:
The Kunsthalle art gallery is unlike any other museum in Düsseldorf, not just in its appearance but in its conceptual framework too.
Right from the beginning, the gallery has been using special exhibitions to focus on trends and positions in contemporary art as well as their historical and local points of reference. You're just as likely to see Düsseldorf positions and new talents here as you are international movements and established artists.
Opening times:
Tuesday-Sunday & public holidays 11am-6pm
Két hasznos billentyűkombináció a böngészőn belüli zoomoláshoz:
Nagyítás: +
Kicsinyítés: +
További segítséget az alábbi ikonra kattintva kaphat:


text:
For its softness, versatility and strength, this may be the highest-quality kids' flannel sleeping bag you'll find anywhere.
Customers have loved our quality kids' flannel sleeping bag for years for its sturdiness, versatility and comfort. Ideal for family camping trips, sleepovers, summer camps and kids' backyard campouts, it packs easily into a monogrammable stuff sack. Unzip the bag all the way and use as a comforter or blanket. The premium cotton lining is as cozy as your favorite flannel sheets and the high-loft polyester insulation won't clump or shift—even after repeated washings.


text:
Read press releases and stories from the Durban Green Corridors and find out more about our valuable workShow me all
Everything you do through Durban Green Corridors benefits young people, helps protect nature's open spaces and supports local job creation. Durban Green Corridors, a not-for-profit organisation, addresses three pressing needs: youth development, economic upliftment and environmental stewardship.
Amongst children and young people, our initiatives facilitate healthy recreational activities and nature-aligned career paths; for marginalised and economically excluded communities, we facilitate poverty reduction efforts grounded in eco-tourism and environmental stewardship; and to promote socially inclusive and cohesive societies, we bridge boundaries of culture by introducing local and international visitors to the culturally diverse heart of Durban, its ecologically rich heritage and the breathtaking beauty that belongs to all its citizens.
From a morning out to a day exploring to overnight experiences you'll never forget, we have it.
Read press releases and stories from the Durban Green Corridors and find out more about our valuable workShow me all
Durban Green Corridors is a registered non profit company and public benefit organisation. You can support us in many ways, from sponsoring the training for a new small business, donate equipment for our youth programs or use our facilities for your next meeting or function. There are so many ways to make our city a better place ....speak to us about getting more involved or partnering on our projects, we would love to hear from you and discuss your ideas.


text:
Breaking Down Barriers to Transgender Health and HIV Care
Part One of a Two-Part Series Exploring Perspectives on Transgender Health Access and Advocacy
June 6, 2012
Transgender and gender non-conforming people face discrimination and harassment in virtually all realms of society. The stories of hate crimes against trans-identified individuals that make it into mainstream media only scratch the surface of heinous rates of violence directed toward this community. That level of trauma creates a barrier to getting through the door of a health care facility and accessing care.
Even when trans people manage to reach out for health care, they often find more harassment waiting for them. The National Transgender Discrimination Survey found that nearly a quarter of those surveyed had been discriminated against in a doctor's office or hospital, and half of respondents had to teach their providers about transgender care.
What factors keep health institutions from being the safe spaces they should be for trans people to receive care? And what can providers do right now to bring awareness of trans issues into their own practices? In this two-part roundtable, I spoke with three powerful transgender community health advocates to get to the bottom of these questions -- and get their recommendations on resources for health care workers.
Participating in this discussion are: Devarah "Dee" Borrego, Boston-based activist, writer, speaker, and founding member of the U.S. Positive Women's Network; Danielle Castro, community mobilization specialist at the Center of Excellence for Transgender Health in San Francisco, Calif.; and Tei Okamoto, Trans* Health Clinic program manager at APICHA Community Health Center in New York City.
This is part one of a two-part discussion. Read part two of the discussion, in which we discuss what lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) and women's organizations can do to truly be more inclusive of trans community members.
Olivia Ford: From what you've observed in your work and your advocacy, and in your lives in general, what are some factors that render transgender people particularly vulnerable to becoming HIV positive?
Danielle Castro: Looking at the level of discrimination and stigma that exists within the community outside the HIV prevention field, and looking at the level of hate crime that's happening toward mostly trans women, it's just really sobering; it's devastating. All of that violence and internalized discrimination and transphobia really set us up for a challenging road. That's one of the social determinants that can lead to risky behaviors around contracting HIV: If my self-esteem is not high, I'm less likely to take care of my body. Or, if it's not high but somewhat OK, I'm more likely to take care of my body.
A lot of trans people don't have access to health care services. We don't have access to employment. We don't have access to so many different services that other populations do. So that leads us to making risky decisions in our lives. Trans people sometimes have an innate battle with affirming our gender. This isn't about all trans people; looking outside just the trans women spectrum, some people don't have issues with gender affirmation. Some people are fine and identify as gender queer.
But I think that in trying to affirm our genders, and also in trying to survive and have an income, we may turn to the sex work industry. The johns or the tricks will usually reinforce that we're beautiful women. We are worth their time. That leads to a false sense of self-esteem. But that's something that we normally don't get.
The other piece is that employers discriminate. Although there are great strides that have been made in protecting trans people against discrimination, employers still discriminate. And if someone doesn't necessarily pass as their gender identity, or they look to be outside of the employer's heteronormative standards, they usually aren't provided with a job, even if the person is overly qualified. So survival sex work is another way to make that money and be able to survive. So that definitely leads to an increased HIV prevalence in the community.
Tei Okamoto: I just want to note that I'm going to use the term trans, and that that is referring to people of trans experience: gender queer; gender variant; gender nonconforming. I want to piggyback on what Danielle just said about barriers to care, and receiving messages of being seen as worthy or not worthy of being cared for: The systems, our so-called safety nets, like the Human Resources Administration, that are set in place to actually protect those that are most vulnerable -- that are in periods of poverty or poor health conditions, the places you need to go to access help for housing, medical care, legal intervention for things like domestic violence or hate crimes -- are the very systems that create violence against those that are accessing care. Author and activist Dean Spade, in his recent book Normal Life, calls this "administrative violence." Those are huge barriers that leave trans people very open to all kinds of vulnerabilities, one of which being HIV.
Danielle Castro: Looking at health care: Health insurance is difficult to come by if you're not employed. Also, it's really expensive. Oftentimes we're denied health care services outright, or we've had negative experiences that have impacted us to the point where we don't want to go for preventative care, even if there are community clinics offering free services.
The lack of cultural competency, with providers just knowing how to work with trans people, really puts up additional barriers for us as far as seeking preventative care, and getting tested for HIV and other STDs, that don't exist for other populations.
Access to gender affirmation through medical interventions like hormones or gender-confirmation surgery: Those don't exist a lot in community clinics. And so we're left with having to find other ways to affirm our genders, which can lead to survival sex work, and also influences the decisions we make about taking care of ourselves.
Devarah "Dee" Borrego: Some other social determinants that affect transgender people and our relationship with HIV have to do with ableism around disability, particularly with mental health issues. There are many people in our community who are not only dealing with HIV, but also dealing with homelessness and mental health challenges. I think that that plays a role in vulnerability to HIV, as well.
Also, given the general poor economic climate, the difficulties for anyone right now in finding a job make transgender people especially vulnerable, because of additional discrimination in employment.
There's also, in my opinion, a general lack of education within the trans community. I think there are a lot of members of our community who are not afforded, for many reasons, including all of what we're talking about now, opportunities for education. I think under-education really prevents many of us from being able to go out for jobs, or to be qualified for working in higher fields than we might otherwise be able to.
"When there's so much ignorance and stigma around being transgender among the general population, I feel that there's complicity to allow us to be second-class citizens. It doesn't seem to the general population that there's anything wrong with treating us differently."
-- Devarah "Dee" Borrego
Regarding drug use, and drug abuse, within the community: Whether it's around having been a sex worker, or just dealing with being transgender, I think these factors can lead to higher instances of drug use, and higher consequences of use.
Also, when there's so much ignorance and stigma around being transgender among the general population, I feel that there's complicity to allow us to be second-class citizens. It doesn't seem to the general population that there's anything wrong with treating us differently.
Danielle Castro: I wanted to point out something that's relevant to the conversation around HIV: When we're talking about HIV, I just want to make it clear that we're looking primarily a population of trans women of color.
All of the data that have been looked at around HIV prevalence in the trans community are finding the highest HIV infection rates among trans women of color. The data collection systems are still based in the gender binary, and that does have some limitations to it. But a 2008 analysis of studies of HIV prevalence in trans populations found that over 50 percent of trans African-American women are infected with HIV. That leaves a lot of the rest of the community feeling somewhat left out of the funding opportunities and programs that do exist to address these issues for trans women, and even still, these programs are limited.
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text:
ST PETERSBURG, FL — In its first foray outside of Florida, Lifestyle Family Fitness acquired eight California Fitness Centers (CalFit) in Columbus, OH, and throughout central Ohio. The clubs were previously owned by Ray Wilson and Greg Rowe. Terms of the sale were not disclosed. The acquisition increases the company's number of clubs to 36 and the membership base to 170,000.
The eight California Fitness Centers, averaging 25,000 square feet, boast amenities similar to the existing Florida-based Lifestyle Family Fitness centers. Each club offers an array of strength and cardio equipment, group fitness programming including Pilates and cardio kick-boxing, nationally certified personal trainers, saunas and childcare services.
"We plan to grow aggressively throughout the region with the assistance of the leadership group of CalFit," said Geoff Dyer, Lifestyle Family Fitness president and CEO.
Wilson said he was confident that Lifestyle would be able to use California Fitness as a base for expansion in the Midwest. Over the next several months, Lifestyle will invest more than $3 million in the CalFit group of clubs, Dyer said.


text:
Tech Coach Drop In at Bluford
We're here to help with whatever technology questions you have:
· Microsoft Office: Word, Excel, PowerPoint
· The internet and email
· Building a resume
· Recovering a password
· Building a website
· Broken computer or phone
· Settings on your computer or phone
· Downloading and uploading
· Filling out applications for a job, assistance benefits, healthcare, legal forms, taxes
· and so much more!
Drop-in, no appointment necessary. We have computers or bring your own device.
Just find us by looking for our sign:
Can't make it to the drop in session? Appointments and more information available.


text:
Family farming is important for Donald Gant of Merigold, Miss. Over the course of his 39-year career, he started with 300 acres of rented land in the Mississippi Delta and built his operation into an impressive 6,192 acres devoted primarily to row crops.
His operation today includes 2,127 acres of rented land and 4,065 acres of owned land. He has developed a strong record for overall production and yields, with 1,000 acres of rice yielding 182 bushels per acre; 960 acres of corn yielding 170 bushels per acre; 3,200 acres of soybeans yielding 41 bushels per acre; and 1,122 acres of wheat yielding 74 bushels per acre. He also owns and maintains 320 acres of forested land.
As a result of his accomplishments as an outstanding row crop farmer, Gant has been selected as the 2009 Mississippi winner of the Swisher Sweets/Sunbelt Expo Southeastern Farmer of the Year award. Gant now joins nine other state winners from the Southeast as finalists for the award.
The overall winner will be announced Oct. 20, at the Sunbelt Ag Expo farm show in Moultrie, Ga.
"I was raised on an 80-acre farm," he recalls. "There, we grew cotton, soybeans, corn, hogs, and chickens. We didn't have much money, but we had a great family life."
After high school, he worked at an elevator, joined the National Guard and then went to college. He graduated from Delta State University with an accounting degree in 1970.
About the same time, his dad lost a lease to the land he farmed, but was offered another lease on 300 acres of cropland. "My dad asked me to farm with him, so I did, and I've been farming and expanding ever since," says Gant. "My dad hasn't been active on the farm during the past 20 years, but early on, he turned over the finances and record keeping to me.
"I'm always looking for good ground to purchase or rent," he says. "We bought our first 120 acres of land in 1976, then bought 1,008 acres in 1978 or 1979."
The last 440-acre parcel he bought is located near the city of Cleveland, Miss., and may have development potential. He farmed this land 10 years before the owners asked him to buy it. He says he paid more for this land than all of his previous land purchases combined.
Gant has excelled in marketing as well as in production. If prices look profitable, he tries to sell 60 percent of his anticipated production prior to harvest. "In 2008, I booked 85 percent of my soybeans, 75 percent of our corn, and 100 percent of our rice," he says. "We raise half of our rice for seed for Sanders Seed Co. A fourth of our rice crop goes to Producers Rice Mill Corp., and the remainder is sold commercially.
"We ended up with great prices for our 2008 crops, $11.25 per bushel on soybeans, $5.60 per bushel on corn, and more than $8 per bushel with the seed premium on rice.
"For 2009, we have 80 percent of our wheat booked for $9.50 and it's all seed wheat. Also for 2009, we have booked about 75 percent of our soybeans and 50 percent of our corn." He also buys puts and calls at times.
For about 20 years, he raised catfish on 220 acres, and made money on fish during the early years. But catfish farming grew less profitable, so he drained his ponds 10 years ago and now grows rice and soybeans on this land. "We may find some new uses for this land," he says. "For example, we could re-flood our pond land and raise algae as an energy or biofuel crop."
Environmental stewardship is important for Gant. Wood duck boxes can be seen in a pond near his home and elsewhere on the farm. On his timberland, he planted flood-prone terrain to cypress trees and steep ridges to oaks.
His flood and furrow irrigation practices feature water control structures to contain runoff. "I leave some crops in place, then flood fields for waterfowl during the winter. And I plant sunflowers and food plots for the wildlife," he says.
Also, he was an early user of no-till planting. Some of his land hasn't been tilled in 20 years. "We grow corn, wheat and soybeans where we no-till the land," he says.
Gant irrigates his corn, rice and about two-thirds of his soybeans. "Most of our ground is precision-leveled," he says. "We have 50 irrigation wells and can water all but about 460 acres."
In addition to family members, he employs five fulltime, long-term workers. He's proud that each family member and employee completes their daily assigned tasks without supervision.
The grain storage capacity on his farm is 450,000 bushels, and he dries grain without using heat. "We just let the fans run 24 hours a day," he explains. "You need good airflow, and it also requires harvesting at 17 percent to 18 percent moisture rather than at 20 percent to 22 percent. So we let the sun help dry our crops before harvest. Rice milling quality and seed quality are also better when we don't heat the air."
Joe Street, associate director of the Mississippi State University Extension Service, is the state coordinator for the Farmer of the Year award. Laura Giaccaglia, interim Extension director in Bolivar County, nominated Gant for the award. She admires him for including his family in the farm operation.
"The Gants are involved in 4-H, they're good farmers and he is a man of good character," she says. "He is active in commodity organizations and is a reliable volunteer."
Gant gives freely of his time. He plays Santa Claus each Christmas at a nursing home. Locally, he's active in Farm Bureau, Morrison Chapel Baptist Church, an Extension advisory council, soil and water conservation, Delta Council, Delta Rice Promotions, Federal Land Bank and Delta State University Alumni. He has volunteered for local 4-H, Relay for Life and Save a Life organizations, and at Bayou Academy.
A current vice president of Mississippi Farm Bureau, he has also chaired its Rice Committee. He's a member of Mississippi's Soybean Association and Certified Seed Association. He also serves on land use and agricultural communications committees. He has advised state officials on water issues and he chairs the Mississippi Rice Promotion Board.
He's a director of the U.S. Rice Producers Association and served on a national rice committee. He's also a member of the American Soybean Association and the National Corn Growers Association.
He won an environmental stewardship award from Delta Farmers Advocating Resource Management (FARM), and the Delta Council recognized his contributions to the rice industry.
His wife, Lil, is active in Farm Bureau, rice promotion, their local church, and Relay for Life. She also volunteers for 4-H and Delta State University's Child Development Center. He and Lil have three grown children. Sons Mike and Scott are full partners in the farm, while their daughter Cindy works for Sanders Seed Co. "The Lord has blessed me a lot," says Gant.
As Mississippi winner of the Swisher Sweets/Sunbelt Expo award, Gant will now receive a $2,500 cash award and an expense-paid trip to the Sunbelt Expo from Swisher International of Jacksonville, Fla., a jacket and a $200 gift certificate from the Williamson-Dickie Co., and a $500 gift certificate from Southern States.
He is also now eligible for the $15,000 that will go to the overall winner. Other prizes for the overall winner include the use of a Massey Ferguson tractor for a year from Massey Ferguson North America, a custom made Canvasback gun safe from Misty Morn Safe Co., and another $500 gift certificate from the Southern States cooperative. Also, Williamson-Dickie will provide another jacket, a $500 gift certificate and $500 in cash to the overall winner.
Swisher International, through its Swisher Sweets cigar brand, and the Sunbelt Expo are sponsoring the Southeastern Farmer of the Year Award for the 20th consecutive year. Swisher has contributed some $764,000 in cash awards and other honors to Southeastern farmers since the award was initiated in 1990.
Previous state winners from Mississippi include: Hugh Arant Sr. of Ruleville, 1990; Bill Hawks of Hernando, 1991; Kenneth Hood of Gunnison, 1992; Tol Thomas of Cruger, 1993; Rick Parsons of Vance, 1994; Ed Hester of Benoit, 1995; Bill Harris of Benton, 1996; Robert Miller of Greenwood, 1997; Ted Kendall, III of Bolton, 1998; Wayne Bush of Schlater, 1999; William Tackett of Schlater, 2000; Willard Jack of Belzoni, 2001; Hugh Arant, Jr. of Ruleville, 2002; Rick Parsons of Vance, 2003; Sledge Taylor of Como, 2004; Laurance Carter of Rolling Fork, 2005; Brooks Aycock of Belzoni, 2006; Tom Robertson of Indianola, 2007 and Gibb Steele III of Hollandale, 2008.
Mississippi has had three overall winners with Kenneth Hood of Gunnison in 1993, Ed Hester of Benoit in 1995 and Willard Jack of Belzoni in 2001.
Gant's farm, along with the farms of the other nine state finalists, will be visited by a distinguished panel of judges. The judges for this year include Elwyn Deal, a retired Clemson University Extension leader from Anderson, S.C.; James Lee Adams, a farmer from Camilla, Ga., and the overall winner of the award in 2000; and Jim Bone, manger of field development for DuPont Crop Protection from Valdosta, Ga.


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text: Fernando; Yes it is possible to build a cluster using motherboards and pc parts. go here and look at one: http://mini-itx.com/projects/cluster/ The latest version of this cluster has the boards stacked behind a 12 inch high rack panel and up to 18 mini-itx form factor motherboards can be stacked into a 19 inch wide by 12 inch high by 26 inch deep rack space in this way. To stack regular PC motherboards like that you must be sure you have each motherboard mounted on a metal plate to act as a high frequency ground plane and thermal sink. You will also need a separate power supply or voltage regulator for each motherboard just like in a regular pc. Also, for pentium and opteron motherboards you will need fans to circulate air across the boards to prevent overheating. Cheers! Glen Gardner On Sat, 2005-11-05 at 01:43 -0300, oxylabtech at gmail.com wrote: > Hello > > It would like to know if is possible to make a cluster of > motherboards? I don't speaking in a cluster of PC's, but of > motherboards. Somebody already saw? If it is possible, Could someone > help me? > > Thankx³ > > -- > > Fernando. > _______________________________________________ > Beowulf mailing list, Beowulf at beowulf.org > To change your subscription (digest mode or unsubscribe) visit http://www.beowulf.org/mailman/listinfo/beowulf


text:
One of the seldom-examined costs of war is its effect on the children of those who die in battle. I am one of those children, but until recently I never thought of myself as part of a larger story. Initially, this article sprang only from my own need to understand how a flat-footed, malaria-ridden, color-blind young lawyer from Virginia ended up on a Pacific battlefield and how his fate there shaped my life.
Thinking about my father, though, led me to think about his entire generation. What did men growing up in the 1930s assume about life? What roles did society expect them to play? How did fathers view their obligations to their children, and did that affect the way they responded to the challenges of war?1 Perhaps understanding the choices my father made is a way to begin to understand the choices made by thousands of others. Answering the questions I never got to ask him can begin to answer the questions none of us children had the opportunity to ask. Perhaps, too, it will remind us that a new generation of children faces a similar silence.2
My father, Major Roger G. B. Broome, U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, arrived on a stretcher at Bethesda Naval Hospital in Maryland on 21 September 1944.3 I was born that same day, a hundred or so miles south. My father had been wounded on the island of Saipan, a casualty of the bitter struggle against the Japanese in the Pacific during World War II. That war left at least 183,000 official American "war orphans," my brother and me among them.4
We and our fellow "goodbye babies" have been paying for World War II for more than 60 years, many of us accepting as normal a persistent sense of loss, but without ever knowing just why our fathers died. Until recently, and for reasons I am just now beginning to understand, I mostly ignored the void in my life that research might have helped to explain. Finally, I am ready to examine why, after such a long time, I came to ask questions, and how I began the journey to find answers.
Growing up in London, almost all I knew about my father I learned from his Marine Corps photograph and the citation hanging next to it on my brother's bedroom wall. The photo showed a man in uniform, caught at the beginning of a smile. I spent hours staring at that picture, searching his face for a resemblance to my own, but all I saw were his gray eyes looking back at me with faint amusement. Almost the only thing I understood from the citation was that my father had been a hero. He must have been, because we had his medals, each encased in a heavy dome of plastic like those paperweights with dried flowers inside. One medal was a Navy Cross, another a Purple Heart with one star. Until recently, whenever people asked me why I became a military historian, I just answered-as the simplest truth-that ever since I could remember I had been drawn to war stories.
Mary Nelson Kenny's mother died in 1993, changing everything for me. Going through her mother's papers, Mary came across a bundle of wartime letters from her father. Marine Captain Loreen A. O. Nelson had been executive officer of the regimental weapons company commanded by my father on Saipan. Loreen was with him on 8 July 1944 when they were both hit. Like my father, he was evacuated to Hawaii but lived barely a week, dying of his wounds on 16 July. More than 50 years later, using her father's letters, Mary began to search for his fellow Marines. She found surviving members of the company who had been holding reunions for a number of years and was warmly welcomed into the group. Eventually she found us, because my brother has our father's name, and we were welcomed too.
Once I met men who had served with my father, who had fought by his side, I was no longer content with a paper parent in a photograph. As the aging veterans talked, their memories still painful, I realized that all my life I had tiptoed around the idea of a father. Now I needed to come to terms with something more solid, with someone who was real, who had married, had children, made plans, went to war.
The 60th anniversary of the landings on Saipan was to be commemorated there in June 2004; I knew I had to go. Mary Kenny and I went together, two daughters raised worlds apart, each of us hoping to learn more about our fathers who had fought and fallen together. I walked the silent, startlingly beautiful, flame-tree-fringed invasion beaches and saw them suddenly fill with tens of thousands of young men. They poured out of their landing craft, flattened themselves on the narrow, congested, tumultuous beaches, and clung to the sand. Then, in small groups, they stumbled forward, tripping over the bodies of those who had gone before, somehow advancing through the deafening noise, the concussion of ordnance, and the cordite-laced air.
I searched for the ravine where my father was shot, and as I struggled through the dense vegetation, fighting the enervating tropical heat and humidity, cutting myself on the sharp limestone, as they must have done, I saw my father, not alone anymore but as one of the thousands of fathers on Saipan. I knew then that telling his story would mean telling their stories too, and that I had been warily circling the task for a long time. But still I was not sure I was ready for it. Talking to the veterans who had made the long and emotional journey to the commemoration, I could sense how keenly they had suffered. But I had never been in combat. How could I know what drove men forward into death? How could I presume to give those men a voice?
It was time to read my father's letters. My mother had kept them all these years and never told us, although I had once found them by accident. I now read them all, from the first ones he wrote from Brazil in December 1941 to those three years later that, too weak to hold a pen himself, he dictated to Navy nurses in Hawaii. At last, the man in the photograph came to life, and when I finished, I knew how to tell the story of why men go out to face death. I would begin with my father's words. I would do it for all the men who risked their lives and for all the goodbye babies. I would do it for myself.
To my surprise I found that my father, the war hero, initially was denied a commission in the Marine Corps for failing his physical exam. He was color-blind-an absolute disqualifier for naval service.5 He was so keen to serve, though, that after graduating from law school in 1938 he spent 2.5 years fighting for a medical waiver, finally receiving one in February 1941. Once commissioned in the Marine Corps Reserve, my father eventually succeeded in his equally determined efforts to move out of the staff jobs he scorned and into a combat command.
The Corps had good reason for assigning him to staff positions. While in Brazil for five months in early 1942-with the first American overseas expedition of the war-he contracted malaria, persistent debilitating bouts of which continued to dog him for the rest of his life.6 Still, he pleaded to get into action. In October 1942, married for almost a year but with no children yet, he requested assignment to combat duty "as soon as practicable," explaining that
Recent events, and the loss of very dear friends at the hands of the enemy, have made me exceedingly anxious to be in a combat unit. I joined the Marine Corps, and was carefully trained thereafter, to lead troops in combat. I believe that I am better qualified for that duty than for any other.7
Unimpressed, the Marines had other plans for him. Between January and June 1943 he was assigned to the Preparatory Staff Course at the Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island. My brother was born there in April at the naval hospital, but apparently parenthood did not temper my father's drive to get overseas and into the fight. From Newport he eventually reached Camp Pendleton in Oceanside, California. To his bitter disappointment he still did not get a line command. Instead he was appointed aide-de-camp to Major General Harry "the Dutchman" Schmidt, the commanding general of the 4th Marine Division. His new duties were described as "exclusively and strictly personal, confidential and of a routine character."8
But at least he was heading toward the action. The 4th Division was about to sail for Roi-Namur, twin islands at the northern end of Kwajalein Atoll, in the Marshall Islands.9 They left San Diego on 13 January 1944, disembarking onto the beaches of Roi-Namur on 1 February. My father was at General Schmidt's side during the 11 days the battle lasted, after which the general wrote of him that he was "an excellent officer, suitable regular officer material."10 My father, for his part, did not regard Schmidt highly and was frustrated by the limitations of staff duty. The night before the Roi-Namur landings he had written his wife: "Tomorrow we start fighting Japs. I have the safe place the general's aide is forced to occupy."11
On Roi-Namur my father shared a "little bachelor apartment; a hole covered with a tarpaulin" with Lieutenant Colonel Evans F. Carlson of Carlson's Raiders fame.12 Carlson, an "old China hand" who had spent time with Mao Tse-tung, was a controversial figure; his radical social theories made him deeply suspect in some military quarters. The time Carlson spent traveling through China with the communist guerrilla forces in the 1930s had convinced him of the superiority of their egalitarian, team-building approach. His adoption of the Chinese slogan "gung ho" (work together) and his notion that officers should serve the men they led, not be served, seemed threatening to those who preferred the traditional military hierarchy.
My father, though, deeply admired Carlson, calling him "a man of vision and principle . . . who lives what he preaches."13 Thoroughly sick both of General Schmidt and of being his lackey, my father was again angling for a transfer. His hope of doing something with Carlson, though, was probably doomed. After Carlson's raid on Makin Island in 1942 and his exploits on Guadalcanal later that year, for which he was awarded two Gold Stars in lieu of additional Navy Crosses, he was denied a combat command and instead relegated to observer status.
In February, at the 4th Division's new base on Maui, my father heard of his promotion to major. Hopes of a change of position dimmed, though, when he found that "jobs for majors are as scarce as hen's teeth in this division." On 2 March he was finally released as aide to General Schmidt, but instead of joining a combat unit he was given another administrative job. "Yesterday the boom was lowered on me," he wrote. "I think because of my association with Col. Carlson and his ideas, the Chief of Staff [Colonel Walter Rogers] told me I was going to be a Transport Quartermaster. Aside from not being qualified for the job by experience, training or temperament, I took it to be a dirty dig. I said so and raised hell about it. As a result the matter is being reconsidered." Nevertheless the decision stood, and by the next day he wrote that "a few minutes ago the blow fell, and I am now Asst. Div. TQM, but I hope to God it won't be for too long."14
About a month later, my father learned that his wife was pregnant again. While he was delighted with the news and thoughts of his children were prominent in his letters, this in no way deflected him from his eagerness to get into the fight. His job, as he saw it, was "to make it possible for our children and grandchildren to grow up in peace." "There is only one reason I'm out here," he wrote to his wife. "I want to do my duty for you and for everything you stand for. My only wish now is to get the job over and get home to you." The job he was convinced he was best suited for by temperament and training was to fight.
My father's appeals for a new job finally succeeded. He secured appointment as commanding officer of the Regimental Weapons Company, 24th Marines, 4th Division, "the best job in the Marine Corps for a major-in fact the only command," even though it meant he would not be with Carlson.
Lieutenant General Holland M. "Howlin' Mad" Smith, commander of the V Amphibious Corps, rigorously prepared the more than 70,000 men of the 2d and 4th Marine divisions and the Army's 27th Division for the next operation, the invasion of the Mariana Islands, 1,200 miles beyond the Marshalls.15 "I don't know much about the business now," my father admitted to his wife on 23 April, "but I'm learning all the time. You can imagine how much I want to succeed and how hard I'm working on the job. Every bit of it though," he continued, "is spent in hard work to put an end to this damned war and let me come home to you. I love you and the baby and the little darling to come."
Two days later he wrote: "Last night we had our big company party out in the field. . . . Much beer was consumed, promotions and decorations announced, an orchestra played by a huge bonfire, and Carlson spoke. I believe the men enjoyed it; it was the first party they had ever had."16
From 14 to 19 May the weapons company participated in practice landings in the Maalaea Bay area of Maui. It was at Pearl Harbor on 29 May and sailed from there with the rest of the forces on the 31st. "Dearest," my father wrote from the USS John Land (AP-167) that same day, "If anything should happen to me, with two children you are entitled to more compensation from the Veteran's Administration. I think it amounts to around $80.00 per month." Still at sea on 9 June, he wrote that "The coming addition to our family has got me on needles and pins. . . . It is much easier to be a father when you are home than when you are away."
The invasion of Saipan began on 15 June. "Tomorrow morning we go in after our enemy," my father wrote the night before. "It will be a heavy blow for him and will go a very long way towards finishing the war. That is what we are all striving for so hard, and now at last we have a real chance to take a big step forward." He continued: "Dearest you will, I know, bring up our boy to be a gentleman. Poor darling, you are familiar enough with all my faults to which he might fall heir, and please do your best to show him the right path when he is young."
For the next two weeks the 24th Marines fought their way across the 14-mile length of the island.17 "The major was a leader who would go first rather than an officer who would direct from the rear," recalled former private first class George Foster. Foster remembered when "Maj. Broome arranged for RW [Regimental Weapons] to fall back from the front and get a much needed bath in a stream."18 According to Foster this caused some friction with the regimental commander. The major "did what he said he'd do," recalled former corporal Jack Langsdorf. "He looked out for his troops-sometimes by ignoring orders from regimental headquarters!"19
Regimental headquarters was not the only group to experience the major's wrath. "On Saipan we were constantly getting artillery rounds that appeared to be falling short," recalled former corporal Clifford G. Huehn. "Major Broome called artillery several times bawling them out. One day when we got several rounds short he called artillery and said if they didn't stop hitting us we were coming back and have a shootout with them."20 Apparently, that endeared my father even more to his men. So, too, did the nickname they soon acquired-perhaps reflecting Carlson's influence-"Broome's Mechanized Raiders."21 Both in Hawaii and back in the States, my father received many letters from his company. "The men have all caught your spirit," wrote Gunnery Sergeant William O. "Willie-O" Koontz on 1 November, "and we will try to better our grade as Jap exterminators." "Best of everything to the best C.O. in the Marine Corps," he ended.22
My father was slightly wounded on 27 June. A few days later, according to his Navy Cross citation, "acting on his own initiative . . . he personally took a 75-mm self-propelled gun and, bringing effective fire to bear on Japanese holed up in inaccessible caves, successfully attacked and enabled the infantry to advance."
By D+23-8 July-the day before organized resistance on Saipan ended, the 4th Marine Division was winning the race for the rocky northern tip of the island, soon to become infamous for mass suicides. On that day the 2d and 24th Marines were to push across the plain on the northeastern edge of the island and head for the sea. The Marine Corps' account of this action notes that in order to allow the 1st Battalion, 24th Marines to move ahead, Major Broome "volunteered to assume, with two 37mm guns and a few riflemen, a position from which to protect the right flank as the unit swept to the coast."23 Once the infantry departed, the account continues:
Broome's isolated position was rushed by a numerically superior group of Japanese. During the skirmish, the 37mm crews fired their pieces at ranges of 10 to 20 yards, taking up the brief slack between rounds by throwing grenades and firing small arms. For a time the issue was in doubt, but the Marines held. This exceptional employment of a weapons unit was necessary and effective in this situation.24
Shortly after that action, my father and Captain Nelson were hit in a firefight with a number of Japanese dug into a cave.25 The next day, 9 July, the island was declared secure.
My father was extricated from the battlefield and eventually evacuated. On 15 July he was admitted to U.S. Naval Hospital #10 in Hawaii, where he remained until 7 September. The medical report explained the nature of his injuries:
He had been shot through the left hip by an enemy rifle bullet [that shattered the hip and femur and paralyzed his bladder and rectum]. Examination showed him to be critically ill . . . with a small wound of entrance over the sacrum, and a very large, foul, destructive wound of exit on the left thigh. On 30 July . . . a guillotine amputation was done at the hip. Because he is incontinent, he should travel via air, with an escort.26
At Bethesda my father clung to life for another four months, finally succumbing to complications from his wounds. He died on 18 January 1945, forever a hero, forever 29.
Some fathers did not have choices about their military service but many, like my father, did. And many, like him, served willingly. As one father wrote in 1943, "naturally, one could have, as others have, avoided service. However, I never would have allowed such to happen. . . . The sooner all realize that it is part of their job to win, the sooner it will be over."27 Looking back, one war orphan explained: "My father did his honor thing. He didn't have to go. You know how hard it is to hear that? My father could have kept out of combat."28
Although my own father's letters make clear how much he cared for my mother and for his children, it was not enough to stop him from fighting the way he wanted to: on the front lines. I am just beginning to see why that was and why he chose to leave my brother and me to grow up without him. I hope the journey I am on will help us better understand that dimension of war that leaves goodbye babies in its wake.
1. See Reuben Hill, et al, Families under Stress: Adjustment to the Crisis of War Separation and Reunion, (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1949), p. 57.
2. This article would never have been written without Mary Nelson Kenny. I am also most grateful to Dr. Gary Weir for his careful reading of an earlier version of this paper and for his insightful suggestions.
3. Dispatch from NAVHOSP TREASUREISLAND to NATIONAL NAVMEDCEN BETHESDA, 21 September 1944, Roger G. B. Broome, Official Military Personnel File, Headquarters Marine Corps: Official Miscellaneous Correspondence and Orders Jacket (hereafter RGBB/OMPF), National Personnel Records, National Archives and Records Administration, St. Louis, MO (henceforth NPR). Unless otherwise noted, all RGBB material comes from his personnel file or (when they were apart) from his almost daily letters to his wife, Jane Leininger Broome.
4. See, for example, War Orphans' Educational Assistance Act of 1956, Public Law 634, 84th Congress. William M. Tuttle Jr., 'Daddy's Gone to War': The Second World War in the Lives of America's Children (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), pp. 26-29.
5. The Marine Corps manual of 1931, paragraphs 2-52 (1) and 2-52 (8), prohibits enlistment of recruits who are color-blind and requires a test for color-blindness as part of the pre-enlistment exam. According to Section 2-53, any physical defect could be waived by the commandant, but such waivers were to be granted sparingly and only in cases that did not significantly impair a recruit's ability to perform his duties.
6. Maj. General Commandant to CO, 17th Provisional Co., 15 Dec. 1941, file 17th Provisional Co., box 50, Record Group 127 (hereafter RG127), National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives II, College Park, MD (hereafter NA2).
7. RGBB to Commandant, 29 Oct. 1942, RGBB/OMPF, NPR.
8. Commanding Gen. to Capt. RGBB, 19 Aug. 1943, RGBB/OMPF, NPR.
9. For these campaigns see, among others: Edwin Howard Simmons, The United States Marines: A History, 3rd ed. (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1998); J. Robert Moskin, The U.S. Marine Corps Story rev. ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1987); Robert Debs Heinl, Jr., Soldiers of the Sea: The United States Marine Corps, 1775-1960 (Annapolis, MD: United States Naval Institute, 1962); Allan R. Millett, Semper Fidelis: The History of the United States Marine Corps, revised and expanded ed. (New York: The Free Press, 1991); Albert A. Nofi, Marine Corps Book of Lists: A Definitive Compendium of Marine Corps Facts, Feats and Traditions (Conshohocken, PA: Combined Publishing, 1997); Jeter A. Isely and Philip A. Crowl, The U. S. Marines and Amphibious War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1951); Joseph H. Alexander, Utmost Savagery: The Three Days of Tarawa (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1995) and Alexander, Storm Landings: Forcible Seaborne Assaults in the Pacific War (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1996); S. E. Smith, ed., The United States Marine Corps in World War II (New York: Random House, 1969).
10. Fitness Reports of 10 Apr. 1944, RGBB/OMPF, NPR.
11. RGBB to JLB, 30 Jan. 1944. By nightfall on D-day Schmidt had set up his command post on the beach. See Heinl, Soldiers of the Sea, p. 423.
12. RGBB to JLB 5 Feb. 1944. This is confirmed by the writer's interview with MC correspondent Bill McCahill at his home in Arlington, VA, May 1999 as well as by photographs given to the writer.
13. RGBB to JLB, 9 FEB 1944. See also, for example, RGBB to JLB 9 FEB 1944, 16 FEB 1944.
14. For Rogers see Smith, United States Marine Corps, p. 572.
15. Instead of flat atolls the Marines now faced Saipan's 72 square miles of cave-riddled mountains, densely wooded ravines, and sugar cane fields defended by 30,000 well-armed, dug-in Japanese. See COL Joseph H. Alexander, USMC, "Saipan's Bloody Legacy," Leatherneck (June 1994): 12-13; Millet, Semper Fidelis, pp. 410-414.
16. RGBB to JLB, 25 Apr. 1944.
17. Simmons, United States Marines, p. 156; Moskin, Marine Corps Story, p. 557; Smith, United States Marine Corps, pp. 598-603.
18. Writer's questionnaire, George Leo Foster, Huntsville, NC. The bath story is corroborated by writer's questionnaire and interview with former PLT SGT Vincent Basile, Stoneham, MA, 21 Sept. 1999. "He [Broome] was up front;" adds CPL Clifford Gale Huehn, of Harris, IA, "wouldn't send men where he wouldn't go." COL Alfonso Constantine Adams of Albany, NY, remembered Broome as "a Marine's Marine respected by all." Unit Report 18 June, file A26-3, 24th Mar. Regt. Unit Reports, box 336, RG127, NA2. Also invaluable are the "Incidents, messages, orders, etc." found in file A26-4, box 336, which record messages sent among all the units of the regiment. See also box 91, Record of Ground Combat Units 22-25 Marines, and boxes 341, 342, 343 , 344, Geographic Files relating to Saipan and Tinian.
19. Writer's questionnaire, A. J. Langsdorf, St. Louis, MO. Langsdorf earned two Bronze Stars on Saipan.
20. Writer's questionnaire, Clifford G. Heuhn, Harris, IA. Typical of such reports was that from the 2d Battalion, 19 June noting "Numerous casualties from own arty and mortar fire." Incidents, Message, Orders, etc., file A26-4, 24th Mar. Regt., Unit R-1 Journal 15 June-13 July '44, box 336, RG127, NA2.
21. Letter from SGT William O. Koontz to Mrs. Jane Broome, 28 March 1945.
22. GSGT to RGBB, 1 November 1944.
23. MAJ Carl W. Hoffman, Saipan: The Beginning of the End (Historical Division Headquarters U.S. Marine Corps, 1950), p. 239.
24. Hoffman, Saipan, p. 240.
25. R.A. Tenelly, "Major's Rescue," 27 September 1944. This is a typewritten account in the writer's possession bearing the identification "#312" and written by SSGT Dick Tenelly of Washington, DC, a Marine Corps combat correspondent (hereafter "Major's Rescue"). Tenelly's account, apparently, was based largely on information from GSGT William O. Koontz, who came on the scene after the action had begun. This account is corroborated by writer's interview with PFC Crane who was with MAJ Broome and CAPT Nelson and was also severely wounded. See Kathleen Broome Williams, "That Wasn't Bravery, Hell, I was Scared to Death: The Story of Marine Pfc. William A. Crane," Naval History 15, No. 5 (October 2001).
26. Report of Medical Survey, U.S. Naval Hospital Aiea Heights, T.H., 5 September 1944, and Report of Death, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, 15 February 1945, RGBB/OMPF, NPR.
27. Tuttle, Daddy's Gone to War, p. 32.
28. Calvin L. Christman, ed., Lost in the Victory: Reflections of American War Orphans of World War II (Denton, TX: University of North Texas Press, 1998), p. 104.