text: Hello! I use a cronjob to read the load average and the memory usage from /proc/loadavg and /proc/meminfo of each node every minute and write the data into a round robin database (rrdtool). The graphs are generated from the database by a cgi-script when I open the monitoring webpage. Markus +++loadavg.sh+++ #!/bin/sh LOAD=$(awk '{print $1":"$2":"$3}' < /proc/loadavg) rrdtool update loadavg.$HOSTNAME.rrd N:$LOAD +++memory.sh+++ #!/bin/sh MEMF=`grep MemFree: /proc/meminfo|tr -s [:blank:]|cut -f2 -d" "` SWAPF=`grep SwapFree: /proc/meminfo|tr -s [:blank:]|cut -f2 -d" "` MEMFREE=$(expr $MEMF \* 1024) SWAPFREE=$(expr $SWAPF \* 1024) rrdtool update memory.$HOSTNAME.rrd N:$MEMFREE:$SWAPFREE A Lenzo wrote: > Hello Cluster Colleagues, > > I would like to begin monitoring my cluster in order to see what the > usage is at different times of day. A simple method would work - I am > looking for advice on this. The mosmon utility is enticing since it > shows the usage on all nodes at once, but of course, I can't pipe the > output to a text file. If I can find the right tool for the job, I am > sure I can keep it running every hour or so with Cron. Ideally, I'd > love to measure memory usage and also CPU usage. > > Suggestions? > > Thanks! > Tony >


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Muscle Mustangs & Fast FordsEvents
First Production '15 Mustang GT Sells For $300k at Barrett-Jackson
Money Goes To Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
The first retail 2015 Ford Mustang crossed the stage at the Barrett-Jackson auction in Scottsdale on Saturday, January 18, 2014. Benefiting the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), the first production '15 Mustang was sold to Sam Pack, a North Texas Ford dealer for a hefty price tag of $300,000.
Ford Motor Company and JDRF have been partners since 1983, and this particular sale helped Ford reach $3.5 million to support the foundation through charity vehicle sales.
"The response to the all-new Mustang GT on the auction block was remarkable," says Raj Nair, group vice president - global product development at Ford Motor Company. "People were drawn to the opportunity to own this historic car, while also knowing the funds would benefit JDRF. We're pleased to continue this collaboration in the fight to cure type 1 diabetes."
Now that Pack is the owner of the first retail Mustang, he will get to choose automatic or manual transmission and any exterior and interior color combination offered on the new Mustang. Also, the entire development and design team for the new Mustang will sign the car in appreciation of the generous donation to JDRF.
With more than 420 horsepower and 360 lb-ft of torque powering this new sleek 'Stang, all-new front and independent rear suspension help plant that power where it belongs and also provide better handling, precise steering control and enhanced ride comfort. New technology provides better control, connectivity, and launch control.
"We are thrilled with the result of the auction," says John Brady, incoming JDRF chairman. "The enthusiasm and generosity of Ford Motor Company and Barrett-Jackson Auction Company is appreciated by the JDRF family and all those living with type 1 diabetes. The $300,000 raised tonight will get us closer to a world without type 1 diabetes."
That's not the only Ford that raised some big bucks for charity, the 1956 Ford F-100 inspired by the Shelby GT500 "Snakebit" sold for $450,000. The truck was designed with the help of KISS-bassist Gene Simmons and his wife Shannon Tweed-Simmons as well as Saskatchewan-area businesses to help raise money for Wheel of Dreams Project to build a children's hospital in Saskatchewan. It was unveiled at SEMA by the couple back in November.

subset: commoncrawl


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Apple Life for iPadFree
Free Tharle Games iOS Version 3.0 Full Specs
Publisher's Description
From Tharle Games:
Craving for some fun filled, strategic, puzzle game?If you are tired of physics games and action games like zombies, slicing fruits, fruit ninja then here is your chance to play some strategic and pleasing puzzle game Apple Life.Farewell time for all monotonous, adventurous and action packed games, since your iPhone brings you a completely new mindset of playing puzzle games. With very simple and easy to follow method of playing, Apple life truly wins your heart at the first attempt itself.The basic objective of the game is to swap an apple with an adjacent apple to form a horizontal or vertical chain of apples. The chain should contain 3 or more apples to get eliminated. Bonus points are also given if the chain contains more than 3 apples or if it forms 2 separate chains in a single swap.Unlike Bejeweled, this game features not only the static apples but also the revolving ones that give you a stunning visual 3D effect. Apart from that another surprising element is the presence of rainbow apples that play the role of a joker and can be used at any time in the absence of a perfect apple. The game introduces an exciting combination of themes and graphics. It comes in 3 different modes namely: Basket, Basket group and Apple bomb.Now its time for you to explore and challenge your friends with high scores. Scoring will not be easy as it seems to increase the obsession and interest in the game.Act now and download this amazing and challenging game.
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Jamo A804 Speakers with Scary SUB 800
When we were kids, we had a pair of Jamo speakers that were probably the worst we have ever owned. Maybe just a notch above some speakers that came shrink-wrapped to a magazine bought in Spain a few years ago. These kinds of early impressions are hard to overcome but always eager to feed our readers with new tech info, we accepted a recent halloween audition invitation from Jamo. My, how things change.
We talked about the A804's before but we were really looking forward to actually trying them.
We received the speakers a few weeks ago and after circling the box a few times, sniffing at tape seams and clawing suspiciously at industrial staples, we tore it open with our teeth and forepaws. After negotiating several layers of delicious, but not very filling styrofoam, we uncovered what we had been digging for.
First off, let us just say that in terms of looks and build quality, these unusually shaped monsters are waaaay above what you might expect- kind of like something we looked at a while back. They are heavy and presumably dense creatures. Both qualities ordinarily lend themselves to sonic neutrality and there was nothing to suggest they wouldn't in this case. Apparently constructed of deadly steel, aluminum and high density polymer, these leather bound (yes, actually) lovelies are dressed to kill. They even have some cool flared ports coming out the ends of 'em to tune the lower freq's (pronounced "freaks").
A dramatic howl and four screws later, we had them mounted to some rafters in our favorite haunt in downtown LA. The screws need to be exactly 15" on center in order for the holes to line up- make sure you get that right and drive the screws in straight and deep.
The A804's are designed for home theater applications but we don't use our TV anymore except when there are insects or birds in flight for us to lunge at... so we set them up for audio-only. Their response ranges from 70 hz to 20k hz which is why Jamo also sent along its SUB 800 to help drop the floor into the dungeon. Depending on your application, you may not need the sub as the bass is tight and solid from the 804's alone.
The sub has a piano finish and is really small for what it does. We seriously doubt that people are finding it difficult to place subs these days since most are very small, but this is small enough to be called "cute". Small enough to eat. And with 800 watts of [halloween adjective] power, extremely delectable. Even at 15' away from the speakers, the sub integrates well. Plenty of options on the back to help blend the bumps into the screams.
After we had them chained to the ceiling, we plugged in some Tiny Tim (Who used to be the main attraction at Spooky World in Brockton, Mass... R.I.P.) and some Peter Gabriel, Rhythm of the Heat. We found the sound to be whole and well dimensioned. We were worried there might be too much insulation from the original recording but actually, they sound very clear with great definition. Just slightly dark but they still manage nice decay. Anyway, that warmth is pleasing to the ear.
In the end, the details are terrifyingly spectacular (didn't say spook-tacular...oh wait...) and the high end look fits in with/ improves any listening/living quarters. The price ain't cheap but if you can afford it and are on the market for some HT speakers, these would make the undead come to life (via the movie experience, not actually.).
A804 Specs: $449 each.
- System Type 3-way bassreflex
- Woofer (mm/in) 2 x 114 / 4½
- Midrange (mm/in) 114 / 4½
- Tweeter (mm/in) 19 / ¾
- Power (W, long/short term) 80 / 120
- Sensitivity (dB, 2.8V/1m) 87
- Frequency Range (Hz) 70 - 20,000
- Impedence (Ohm) 6
- Weight (kg/lb) 5.9 / 13.0
- Product dimensions (mm/in, HxWxD) 700 x 160 x 100 / 27.6 x 6.3 x 3.9
- Finishes High-Gloss Black Lacquered Aluminum
SUB 800 Specs: $600.
- System Type Single active, dual passive
- Woofer (mm/in) Active: 6.5-inch (16.5 cm) Black anodized aluminum cone
- Passive: 2 x 6.5-inch (16.5 cm) Black anodized aluminum cones
- Frequency Range (Hz) 42Hz-200Hz
- Variable Low Pass Filter 50Hz-200Hz, bypass
- Variable Phase Control 0° - 360°
- Power Mode Switch Off / Auto / On
- Weight (kg/lb) 4.6 / 10.1
- Overall dimensions (mm/in, HxWxD) 200 x 200 x 200 / 8 x 8 x 8
- Finishes High gloss black / white
- Inputs L + R Line in/Sub in
- Amplifier 800 Watts


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Charlotte Hornets
NBA draft: Duke's Rodney Hood, Clemson's K.J. McDaniels frequent sparring partners
If these pre-draft workouts with NBA teams serve no other purpose, they've pretty much guaranteed Duke's Rodney Hood and Clemson's K.J. McDaniels know everything about each other's game.
They matched up last season in the ACC, then were constantly paired in workouts on the thinking McDaniels was sure to challenge Hood defensively. Tuesday was the last of those sessions, with both back for second looks with the Charlotte Hornets at Time Warner Cable Arena.
Hood's first workout with the Hornets was cut short when he fell ill. The team rescheduled him, and asked McDaniels to come back, too.
Both indicated they've benefited from all these sparring sessions.
"It went great. My last one. Real competitive," Hood said. "Seems like me and K.J. always work out together."
To which McDaniels added, "I feel like it went better the second time than the first time because it was better competition – guarding Rodney Hood. We've been matched up a lot, going back to the season. It definitely (motivates) both of us."
Hood is a viable candidate for the Hornets' No. 9 pick in Thursday night's draft. McDaniels could come into play when the Hornets use the No. 24 pick. This was McDaniels' 12th workout, the only call-back he's had. Hood said he also worked out twice for the Phoenix Suns, who pick 14th and 18th.
Hood, a 6-foot-8 sophomore, averaged 16.1 points on 46 percent from the field and 42 percent from the 3-point line. Hood said he wanted to show the Hornets he isn't just a 3-point specialist.
"That I can score the ball, I'm not just a shooter," Hood said. "Today we did a lot in the mid-post. I know I can shoot the ball. I wanted to show them I could put the ball on the floor and defend."
Hood benefits from being left-handed because it tends to throw off defenders closing out on him along the perimeter. He said he's studied some great lefties – Manu Ginobili and James Harden, for instance – to see how best to exploit that.
Hood said he doesn't believe his illness last time in Charlotte was related to the nausea he suffered during his one season at Duke.
"It didn't happen anywhere else" during a workout, Hood said. "Just watching what I eat. I haven't had that problem since the season, and when I did, it wasn't really a problem."
McDaniels, a 6-6 junior, averaged 17.1 points last season on 46 percent from the field and 30 percent from 3-point range. He knows his shooting range must improve, but he feels he can build a pro career on defense.
"Defense wins games," McDaniels said. "Just go in with that defensive mindset and the offense will work out."


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Easy Mix 98.2FM is delighted to provide a testimonial for EmbroidMe City West. If your company is looking for quality personalised clothing then EmbroidMe in Hobson Street is the team to visit. Not only will you benefit from their superior product knowledge and experience, you will also appreciate their professionalism, attention to detail and customer service that is second to none. I highly recommend Roger & Helen Masters at EmbroidMe City West and their wonderful team. I look forward to working with you all again in the future.
EmbroidMe Newmarket are great to deal with. They have a good product knowledge and readily showed me samples of quality products to help me make the right choices. They also provide a speedy service at the right price.
Hi Ashley Hope all is well with you! I finally got around to writing up my Spain race report. Here it is with a couple of pictures attached. Thanks again for the great printing on the suit! I'll be wearing it again at the shorter course World Champs in October! Caitlin Bridgland - the other girl who's printing you did - won the silver medal at the World Championships!!! Hope you had a great weekend! Cheers, Rochelle
Huge thanks to Roger & his team, who turned around a huge job for us with an extremely tight deadline; working night & day just to ensure the job was done in time. The resulting product looked absolutely amazing & could not recommend EmbroidMe more highly. Will certainly be going back for all future embroidery needs!
I am pleased to recommend EmbroidMe newmarket. John & Jo work with you to achieve the desired end result and they deliver exactly what you asked for. They have a Showroom full of samples to make it easy to choose the right product and they provide a very prompt efficient service.
I have worked with EmbroidMe for several years when ordering apparel for my daughter's softball team, as well as for spirit wear for my staff. They always do an excellent job of meeting my needs and producing a high-quality product. I plan to continue to partner with them for years to come!
I would recommend EmbroidMe Newmarket. Jo and John are very easy to deal with, you get great service and you get a quality product. They also eliminate stress by getting the job done well and done on time.
Just a quick note to say thanks for all your help with the embroidery of our Checker shirts. The quality is wonderful, you were so efficient and we were really impressed with the level of customer service you guys provided us with. We will definitely be in touch again with anything else like this we need, and will be recommending you to others.
Just to let you know, the guys love the caps and they look fantastic when we are all wearing them together.
Just wanted to extend my thanks as the tees you guys did for us look great and have been getting plenty of attention! Appreciate your efforts, cheers.


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The Explorer
The Explorer was a science fiction fanzine published in the late 1940s and early 1950s by The International Science Fiction Correspondence Club (ISFCC).
The first issue was published in 1949.
Ed and Jo Noble were the editors until at least October 1952, after which Ray C. Higgs (Arion) assumed the editorship.
In "The ISFCC Story", W. Paul Ganley recalls having received a letter from Richard Franz Abbott, in response to a letter of his published in the December 1948 issue of Thrilling Wonder Stories indicating that he was looking to create The American Science Fiction Correspondence Club. Ganley states that "this was the beginning of the ISFCC." Shortly thereafter, Abbott contacted Calvin T. Beck, who had recently organized The Science Fiction Trading Post, and suggested a merger of the two fledgling organizations. The proposed alliance failed, but, after much wrangling, the ISFCC finally emerged with a constitution (legalized in Ohio on April 7, 1949) and a clubzine. The Constitution stated that "the purpose of this charter club is for the exchange of ideas, thoughts, and methods on the science fiction world".
Prior the the publication of The Explorer, though, the ISFCC published its announcements and news in Martin R. Woomer's eclectic zine Allentown, Pennsylvania.
Larry Kiehlbauch was one of the early Presidents of the organization, until Lynn Hickman (TLMA) assumed the post at the end of 1951. By late 1953 Donald E. Gates was club President and Honey Wood was Vice-President. In 1954, K. Martin Carlson (The Kay-Mar Trader) became President.
The club roster for 1952 listed 147 members, including Richard Abbott, James Angell, Richard Bergeron (Warhoon), Gregg Calkins (Oopsla!), G.M. Carr (Cry of the Nameless), Fred Chappell, Wilkie Connor, Marian Cox (The Femizine), Jack Cuthbert (The Day of the Beast), Roger Dard (Perhaps), P.H. Economou (Phlotsam), Joe Fillinger (Ghuvna), Eva Firestone (Bronc), W. Paul Ganley (Fan-Fare), Nan Gerding (Starlanes), Jim Harmon (Riverside Quarterly), Lynn Hickman, Ray C. Higgs, Lee Hoffman (Quandry), Terry Jeeves (ERG), Janie Lamb, Vernon L. McCain (Wastebasket), Edward Noble, Jo Noble, Will Sykora (The Scientifilmaker), Emili A. Thompson, Basil Wells, Walt Willis (Slant), and Honey Wood.
Contributors to the The Explorer included James Angell, Alan G. Davis, Eva Firestone, W. Paul Ganley, Donald E. Gates, Tony Glynn, Helen M. Huber, Terry Jeeves, Larry Kiehlbauch, Janie Lamb, George McPhaden, and Ed Noble.
Cover art was done by Alan G. Davis (January 1954), Margaret Dominick (October 1953), and Lee Hoffman (November 1951).


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From Fox Business:
If you're considering getting into the landlord game, you might wonder whether it's best to buy a single family home or a condominium.
Many people say to stay away from condominiums because of all the issues with homeowners associations, and they have a point. However, single family homes have many issues, too, so don't make up your mind so quickly.
Here are several things to consider in this "Rumble in the Investment Property Jungle."
Round 1: Investment returns
When you're buying an investment property, the first thing you should do is pencil out your real estate deal to see if it has fair cash-on-cash investment returns. As a general rule, you'll find that single family homes typically have lower cash-on-cash returns than condominium properties. So a fair deal on a single family home might be a cash-on-cash return of 3 to 5 percent, while a condominium might have 4 to 7% returns. The condominium will probably take this round, but every property is different, so you need to pencil out your specific deal to understand the returns.
Round 2: Tenant turnover
Every time your tenants leave, you'll need to re-rent the property. And it's a lot of work! You have to advertise, take calls and emails, show the property, draft a lease, do a credit check, move the old tenant out, move the new tenant in, etc. And even if your old tenant left the place in perfect shape, you still need to fix minor issues, probably paint and maybe have the carpets cleaned.
Smart landlords know that you make the most money by keeping your tenants as long as possible. Apartment/condo units typically turn over every other year, while single family homes typically have much longer tenancies of three to five years. Clear winner on this round: single family homes.
Round 3: HOA vs. non-HOA
The biggest complaint about condominiums is dealing with HOAs and HOA fees. And while there are many HOAs that are in terrible financial, legal and operational shape, there are also many that are well-managed and in very good shape. HOAs can have strict rules, and if you or your tenant breaks them, you have to deal with the fallout. But those rules also keep harmony in the neighborhood and stops tenants from parking inoperable vehicles, appliances, etc., in their yards as might happen with a single family neighborhood. No clear winner here.
Round 4: Ongoing maintenance and repairs
As a single family residence owner, you would need to schedule and handle all the exterior issues — roofing, painting, landscaping — which is going to take up a lot of your time and energy. These are all tasks the HOA would handle in a condo community. Overall, it's much less work owning a property in an HOA — and that's why owners pay HOA fees. It's a condo "KO" on this issue!
Round 5: Value increase
Many people believe that single family homes go up in value more than condos, but there really isn't any conclusive proof of that. Most real estate, in a general vicinity, is going to appreciate about the same 2 to 3% per year over the long term. So you should exclude this one as a consideration. For building wealth, forget the appreciation and instead go for the better cash flow as noted above in Round 1.
So those are some of the items to consider. Either one can be a great investment, or a terrible investment, depending on what you purchase, how much due diligence you do before your purchase and how well you manage the property. Do a lot more research and talk to property owners, and then you can figure out how you will win the heavy weight championship of real estate investing!
Read more: http://www.foxbusiness.com/personal-finance/2012/11/26/real-estate-investing-single-family-home-vs-condo/#ixzz2DMUn4CT6


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Greece will get two more years to reach previously agreed budget goals but the extra will cost the euro zone an additional 32.6 billion euros, draft documents prepared for a meeting of euro zone finance ministers showed on Monday.
The documents were drafted by the International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank and the European Commission -- together known as the troika -- as a basis for discussions on unfreezing emergency lending to Athens after the country fell behind with reforms and fiscal consolidation.
Continue Reading Below
The aim of an extension is to give Greece time to achieve a primary budget surplus, which does not include the cost of debt financing, which would indicate that the economy is back on track and able to cover its debts without more borrowing.
"Our revised fiscal program targets the 4.5 percent of GDP primary surplus target by 2016, two years later than foreseen," a draft letter of intent between Athens and the IMF said.
"The smoother path will help to moderate the impact of fiscal adjustment on the economy," said the draft.
The two extra years will allow the Greek economy, which will enter its sixth year of recession in 2013, to more quickly return to growth, without which it will not be able to service its debt, seen at 190 percent of GDP next year.
But the slower fiscal consolidation will also mean that the euro zone will have to lend Greece more money to keep it solvent during that time.
"To close the financing gap for the period through 2014, additional programme financing of some ���15 billion is required in the short-term compared to the March 2012 assessment," the report said, although the figures were placed in square brackets. Figures in brackets usually mean the number can still be changed in discussions among ministers.
"Financing needs for the Greek sovereign have to be increased also for the period 2015-16 given the higher debt profile, but also as access to capital markets remains uncertain," it said.
"Additional financing needs for 2015-16 amount to ���14.1 billion if the originally scheduled fiscal adjustment path is maintained and to ���17.6bn if the fiscal adjustment path is extended by two years," the report said, again bracketing the figures.
The report said that even though the perception of Greek policies and credibility could much improve if the country manages to successfully implement reforms for two years, markets would probably remain skeptical about Greece for longer.
The report said that because of the fragility of political support for the Greek government, the economic adjustment programme was risky.
"Risks to the programme remain very large. The key risks concern the overall policy implementation, given that the coalition supporting the government appears fragile and some components of the programme face political resistance, despite the determination of the government," the report said.
"Moreover, the impact on the weakened economy of the pronounced fiscal consolidation in 2013 may be stronger than currently foreseen, even though it could also be mitigated by the liquidity injection from clearance of government arrears.
"Important budgetary measures are likely to be challenged in courts, which could lead to the need to fill a fiscal gap emerging as a consequence. Should product and services market reforms not accelerate as foreseen under the programme, positive economic growth could not return in 2014 as foreseen," it said.
The report said that a return to sustained growth could only be achieved once Greece fully and swiftly implements structural reforms.
"This will require breaking the resistance of vested interests and the prevailing rent-seeking mentality of powerful pressure groups," it said.
There were upside risks too, the report said. These could materialize if there was no longer uncertainty about policy implementation, which would help confidence, and support a stronger recovery of investment. (Reporting By Matthias Sobolewski)


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International criminal law, body of laws, norms, and rules governing international crimes and their repression, as well as rules addressing conflict and cooperation between national criminal-law systems. See also international law; conflict of laws.
Criminal law prohibits and punishes behaviour judged to be antisocial. Because each country's laws are a reflection of its values, there are often large differences between the national laws of different countries, both with respect to the nature of the crimes themselves and the penalties considered appropriate. The term international criminal law refers variously to at least three distinct areas: cooperation between different national legal systems through extradition and other forms of mutual legal assistance; the prohibition and punishment of certain behaviour by several countries acting collectively or by the international community as a whole; and the operation of autonomous international legal systems, including courts and other mechanisms of enforcement, that exist alongside national criminal law.
Mutual legal assistance
To facilitate the enforcement of their domestic criminal laws, national governments cooperate with each other in the transfer of offenders from one jurisdiction to another and in a number of other ways relating to the investigation of crimes and the gathering and production of evidence. Extradition is governed essentially by a complex web of bilateral treaties by which states agree to the rendition of fugitives from other jurisdictions so that they can stand trial in the country where the crime took place or, in exceptional cases, where there are other jurisdictional links, such as the nationality of the offender or of the victim.
Although bilateral extradition treaties vary somewhat, there is a body of generally applicable rules. States usually agree upon a list of serious crimes for which extradition may be authorized and upon a requirement that such crimes be recognized as criminal in both the sending and the requesting state. Extradition is permitted for a specific crime described in an extradition request. Under the rule of specialty, a requesting state may try a suspect only for the crimes for which the suspect was extradited, unless this protection is waived by the sending state. Extradition may be refused in cases where the crime is deemed to be a political offense, though there is greater willingness to grant extradition on this basis when politically motivated crimes involve violence directed against innocent targets. Political crimes involving expression and opinion are often prosecuted as sedition or treason. Beginning in the late 20th century, governments increasingly refused to extradite persons accused of capital crimes unless assured that capital punishment would not be imposed should the fugitive be convicted.
Categories of international crime
Certain crimes are international by their nature. They may be carried out in more than one country, in which case they are considered transborder crimes, or they may be committed in international zones such as the high seas or international airspace. Efforts to repress such crimes become internationalized out of necessity, reflecting the practicalities of preventing acts that sometimes easily elude national jurisdictions. Crimes such as trafficking in persons, participating in the slave trade, and committing various terrorist offenses, such as piracy and airplane hijacking, are governed by both international treaties and customary legal obligations.
Crimes committed by national governments—or rather by the individuals who control and direct them—are at the core of international criminal law. The victims of such crimes are sometimes the nationals of other states (e.g., civilians in an occupied territory during an armed conflict), but more often they are the criminal state's own citizens. In this context, international criminal law overlaps considerably with human rights law, the former attributing blame to individuals mainly in order to impose punishment, the latter blaming the state and seeking some form of redress or compensation.
The first modern international criminal tribunal was held at Nürnberg, Germany, following World War II to try military and civilian leaders of Nazi Germany. (A similar tribunal was established at Tokyo to try alleged Japanese war criminals.) The Nürnberg trials (1945–46) prosecuted three categories of offenses: crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The definitions of the crimes were narrowly crafted and applied only to acts committed in association with international war. More than half a century later, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC; 1998) targeted the same three kinds of crime and added the crime of genocide. During the second half of the 20th century, the definitions of the crimes that were prosecuted at Nürnberg evolved considerably, so that they came to cover offenses committed in peacetime or in civil wars.
Crimes against peace consist of acts of aggressive war. Although aggression was defined in a United Nations (UN) General Assembly resolution (1974) as "the use of armed force by a State against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations," the question of how to assign individual responsibility for acts of aggression committed by states remains unresolved. Although the ICC has jurisdiction over the crime of aggression, it cannot exercise its authority until there is agreement both on a definition of aggression suitable for individual criminal prosecutions and on the role that the UN Security Council should play in determining when aggression has taken place. Such an agreement has proved elusive, however. There have been no prosecutions for crimes against peace or for aggression since the post-World War II trials. Virtually no national jurisdictions have introduced this category of crime into domestic legal codes, in contrast to the widespread acceptance of national laws against genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Moreover, the two ad hoc criminal tribunals established by the UN Security Council for the former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda were given jurisdiction to punish genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes but not aggression.
The concept of war crimes refers to a range of acts judged to be beyond civilized human behaviour, even in the extreme conditions of warfare. The acts defined as war crimes concern both the methods and the materials of warfare (e.g., the use of certain weapons that cause unnecessary suffering or the targeting of noncombatants). At Nürnberg the defendants argued that, whereas states might have culpability for violations of the laws and customs of war, individuals could not be singled out for criminal prosecution. Nevertheless, the judges held that "crimes against international law are committed by men, not by abstract entities, and only by punishing individuals who commit such crimes can the provisions of international law be enforced." Although individuals can be held responsible for most kinds of international crimes, such crimes are almost never committed without the involvement of states or of rebel organizations striving to take power. At the beginning of the 21st century, the question of whether states themselves can commit international crimes remained a controversial issue.
In 1949 a narrow list of war crimes committed during international armed conflict, known as grave breaches, was approved in four Geneva Conventions. When the Geneva Conventions were revised with additional protocols in 1977, attempts to expand the concept of grave breaches to include acts committed in non-international, or civil, war did not succeed. States have always been more willing to accept a role for international norms and standards during international, or interstate, wars than during civil wars. Nevertheless, by the mid-1990s international views had evolved, partly because of the influence of the international human rights movement and partly because of outrage at the scale of the atrocities committed in the early 1990s in the essentially civil conflicts in the former Yugoslavia and in Rwanda. As evidence of this development in international law, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court recognized a broad range of war crimes committed during internal armed conflict.
Although those who prepared the post-World War II prosecutions initially believed that atrocities committed against civilians within Germany fell outside the scope of international law, the Nürnberg tribunal was empowered to prosecute such acts under the rubric of crimes against humanity—a concept that previously had not existed in international law. At about the same time, the closely related concept of genocide was developed to describe acts aimed at the physical destruction, in whole or in part, of ethnic, racial, national, or religious groups. The crime of genocide was defined in the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948). Although crimes against humanity were prosecuted at Nürnberg, a widely accepted definition of this term eluded international law until the adoption of the Rome Statute in 1998. Crimes against humanity consist of a variety of acts, such as murder, torture, enforced disappearance, apartheid, and rape, committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack on a civilian population.
In a general sense, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide all consist of acts, such as murder and rape, that are criminal under national law. What sets them apart as international crimes is the context in which the act is committed, be it an international or internal armed conflict (war crime), an attack on a civilian population (crime against humanity), or the intentional destruction of an ethnic, racial, national, or religious group (genocide). For a prosecution to succeed, it must be established both that the underlying criminal act occurred (e.g., the killing of individuals) and that one of these contextual elements was present.
Prosecution and defense
When ordinary crimes cross the threshold and become international crimes, important consequences ensue. Most significantly, general legal rules on the exercise of jurisdiction no longer apply. Under international law, a national criminal-justice system may prosecute crimes committed within the state's own territory or by its nationals but not, as a general rule, crimes committed outside its borders by nonnationals. This rule, however, has been relaxed in the case of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Under what is known as universal jurisdiction, national courts may prosecute these offenses no matter where or by whom they are committed. Indeed, in the 1990s Belgium adopted controversial legislation that granted its courts the authority to try anyone—even the leaders of other countries—for such offenses. In 2001 the International Court of Justice ruled that the Belgian legislation was invalid because it wrongly assumed that Belgian courts can try foreign heads of state or other senior officials while they are still in office. Following the judgment, and under pressure from states that threatened to prohibit official travel to Belgium, the Belgian government modified the legislation. In the case of grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and the crime of torture, international treaties make prosecution not only a right but a duty. Under the principle known as aut dedere aut judicare (Latin: "either adjudicate or extradite"), national governments must either try offenders or extradite them to a country that is prepared to do so. The "try or extradite" principle can also be found in treaties dealing with terrorism, counterfeiting, and the theft of nuclear materials.
Special rules apply to the arguments an accused may raise in defense of his actions. Although a head of state may benefit from immunity under national law, he cannot invoke this defense in the case of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. He may, however, plead immunity from prosecution by other states for crimes committed while he was in office, as long as they were not committed in a private context. Nevertheless, heads of state have no such immunity before international courts or tribunals. In addition, statutory limitations, a common bar to prosecution many years after a crime has taken place in many national legal systems, are excluded by both treaty and customary law for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.
Individuals also may not argue in their defense that they were acting under the orders of a superior, though this is permitted for soldiers and officers of the peace in most national legal systems. Although subordinates cannot be exonerated in such circumstances, international criminal law focuses its attention primarily on commanders. Those with superior authority, be they military or civilian, may be found guilty of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide when they are committed by those under their command, even when there is no evidence that they actually ordered the commission of the crime.
International courts and tribunals
World Wars I and II
In 1919 the Treaty of Versailles contemplated the establishment of an international court to prosecute German Emperor William II "for a supreme offense against international morality and the sanctity of treaties." The court was never set up, however, because William obtained asylum in a neutral country, the Netherlands. The victorious allies at the close of World War II were more successful, establishing by treaty the tribunal at Nürnberg that judged "the major war criminals of the European Axis." In all, some 22 leading Nazis were tried by a court composed of eight judges (four judges rendered the verdicts, and four served as alternates), two each from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and the Soviet Union.
Critics of the Nürnberg trials, and of a similar prosecution held in Tokyo, have viewed them as "victor's justice," particularly because the tribunals never considered war crimes committed by their own soldiers, though in at least one case, concerning submarine warfare, the argument that illegal acts had also been committed by the other side was accepted as a defense. Despite such flaws, the tribunals represented a great achievement for those who desired an international system that would prosecute heinous offenses committed during war.
Post-World War II developments
In 1948 the UN General Assembly assigned the task of preparing a statute for an international criminal court to the International Law Commission; three years later the commission submitted a draft statute, but consideration of the proposal was postponed. The issue was revisited periodically, and in 1989 the General Assembly invited the commission to resume its efforts, which became more urgent following the atrocities committed in the former Yugoslavia and in Rwanda and the establishment of international criminal tribunals to prosecute individuals responsible for acts of genocide and ethnic cleansing in those countries. The eventual draft, as modified by subsequent General Assembly committees, was submitted to a diplomatic conference (formally the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court) held in Rome in June–July 1998. The Rome Statute, adopted at the close of the conference, was signed by nearly 140 countries. It came into force on July 1, 2002, after it had been ratified by the requisite 60 countries. Nevertheless, the failure of the United States, Russia, China, and several other major countries to join the ICC has compromised its effectiveness.
The ICC, which is based in The Hague, is authorized to prosecute war crimes, crimes against humanity, and acts of genocide that are committed in the territory, or by a national, of a state that has ratified the Rome Statute. Prosecution may exceed these jurisdictional limits when authorized by the Security Council. The court recognizes the primacy of national criminal jurisdictions and, acting as a court of last resort, can proceed with a case only after it has determined that domestic courts are either unable or unwilling to prosecute.
The ICC consists of 18 judges elected by the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute; the judges are divided into Pre-Trial, Trial, and Appeals divisions, each of which is further subdivided into chambers. Cases are initiated by a prosecutor who is elected by the Assembly of States Parties; the prosecutor may also act at the request of the UN Security Council or at the request of a government that has ratified the statute.
The ICC depends upon national justice systems to carry out investigations and to arrest and transfer suspects. Its procedural regime is a hybrid of the common-law adversarial model and the inquisitorial approach of civil-law systems such as those of continental Europe. Following the common-law model, prosecutions at the ICC are directed by an independent prosecutor rather than by an investigating judge, as would be the practice under civil-law systems. As in civil-law systems, however, the ICC prosecutor is given special responsibilities to ensure that the rights and interests of the defendant are secured. Moreover, the ICC prosecutor is subject to close judicial scrutiny by the Pre-Trial Chamber, something that would not generally be the case in a common-law system. Those convicted by the ICC receive sentences of up to life imprisonment and serve their terms in national prisons.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
international law
International law, the body of legal rules, norms, and standards that apply between sovereign states and other entities that are legally recognized as international actors. The term was coined by the English philosopher Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832).…
conflict of laws
Conflict of laws, the existence worldwide, and within individual countries, of different legal traditions, different specific rules of private law, and different systems of private law, all of which are administered by court systems similarly subject to different rules and traditions of procedure. The "law…
Extradition, in international law, the process by which one state, upon the request of another, effects the return of a person for trial for a crime punishable by the laws of the requesting state and committed outside the state of refuge. Extraditable persons include those charged with a crime but…
Treaty, a binding formal agreement, contract, or other written instrument that establishes obligations between two or more subjects of international law (primarily states and international organizations). The rules concerning treaties between states are contained in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), and those between states and international…
capital punishment
Capital punishment, execution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense. Capital punishment should be distinguished from extrajudicial executions carried out without due process of law. The term death penaltyis sometimes used interchangeably with capital punishment,…


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Hard Facts on Poverty in Afghanistan
Imagine you are an ER doctor trying to treat a very ill patient who has no medical history and only a vague recollection of symptoms. What would you do if you were the doctor? Trust your gut? Trust that the patient has chronicled his symptoms accurately enough to warrant an accurate diagnosis? This is perhaps how policymakers and aid workers felt back in 2001 when they were deciding where to begin the reconstruction of Afghanistan.


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Welcome to GYMPIE ISUZU UTE
Go your own way with Isuzu UTE. Discover the award winning Isuzu D-MAX ute and the spacious 7-seat MU-X SUV range that provide options for everyone wanting a vehicle for work, play and everything in-between.
Both the D-MAX and MU-X come in a range of both 4x4 and 4x2 models and every vehicle we build comes standard with Isuzu's exclusive 3.0L turbo diesel – a high-tech, fuel-efficient engine that delivers outstanding torque and power. Fuel your sense of adventure today.
View our range of D-MAX and MU-X here.
Located in Gympie QLD, Gympie Isuzu UTE are your light commercial specialists and will assist you with finding the right model for your needs.


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On August 6th, the eve of the event the Burton team video for the 07/08 season was premiered here in the town of Wanaka. This was the kicker for the week and it has slowly progressed from there. Day one, August 7th, was designated as a practice day, allowing riders to get the feel of the pipe and get those legs ready. The pipe at Snow Park is up to par, meeting Olympic and X Games standards. Day two, August 8th, held all the qualifying rounds for men's pipe and women's pipe. Riders competed for 5 spots open amongst the pre-qualified riders. The riding was top notch and it gave a preview to the level that snowboarding is taken to at contests like this. It will be a great event.
TWS Webcasting Live Coverage of the Burton NZ Open
TWS has partnered up with the fine folks at Burton to bring you a live webcast from the Burton New Zealand Open at famed the Snow Park resort just outside the small town of Wanaka. Below you'll find a schedule of events and a link to our live feed of the action. Make sure you're logged on and tuned in when it all goes down! —Evan
Webcast Link: Live Coverage of the Burton NZ Open
Burton New Zealand Open Schedule Of Events:
The Burton New Zealand Open Thursday, August 9 — New ZealandWednesday, August 8 — USNZ time: PST: Event:8.00-9.00am 1-2pm Training Slopestyle Pre-Qualifications MEN9.15-10.15 2:15-3:15pm Slopestyle Pre-Qualifications MEN Heat 1 10.15-10.35 3:15-3:35pm Warm-Up Run Slopestyle Pre-Qualifications 10.45-11.45 3:45-4:45pm Slopestyle Pre-Qualifications MEN Heat 2 11.45-12.00 4:45-5:00pm Warm-Up Run Slopestyle Qualification MEN12.15-12.55 5:15-5:55pm Slopestyle Qualification MEN 13.00-13.45 6:00-6:45pm Training Slopestyle Qualification WOMEN14.00-15.10 7-8:10pm Slopestyle Qualification WOMEN Friday, August, 10 — New ZealandThursday, August 9 — USNZ time: PST: Event:8.00-9.00am 1-2pm Training Slopestyle Semi-Finals9.15-10.05 2:15-3:05pm Slopestyle Semi-Finals WOMEN 10.05-10.35 3:05-3:35pm Warm-Up Run Slopestyle Semi-Finals MEN10.35-12.05 3:35-5:05pm Slopestyle Semi-Finals MEN 12.05-12.35 5:05-5:35pm Training Slopestyle Finals12.35-14.05 5:35-7:05pm Slopestyle Finals WOMEN & MENSaturday, August 11 — New ZealandFriday, August 10 — USNZ time: PST: Event:8.00-9.15am 1-2:15pm Training Halfpipe Semi-Finals WOMEN&MEN9.30-10.30 2:30-3:30pm Halfpipe Semi-Final WOMEN 10.30-11.00 3:30-4:00 Training Halfpipe Semi-Final MEN11.15-12.45 4:15-5:45pm Halfpipe Semi-Final MEN12.45-13.15 5:45-6:15pm Training Finals WOMEN&MEN13.30-15.30 6:30-8:30pm Halfpipe Finals WOMEN&MEN


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AnnaLee — SuicideGirl of the Day [PICTURES]
Meet AnnaLee, a SuicideGirl who loves books, hates television, finds happiness in the history of mathematics and is addicted to expensive chocolate. She might be the only person in the world that could get a guy interested in math.
Name: AnnaLee
Age: 27
Location: I'm lost
Into: Living a good life
Not into: Cars, television, cigarettes, meat, drinking culture, negativity, superficiality and people with no imaginations or desire
Makes me happy: Reading & collecting books, drinking tea, solitude, ornithology and natural history, listening to the radio, baking cakes, my cat, pockets, sleeping, the sea, museums, the history of mathematics, etymology, entomology, marzipan, walking and cycling. Ah life is great!
Makes me sad: When my family is unhappy, wasting time, negativity, physical and mental illness, intolerance, cages, ownership, how little people care about non-human animals, our planet and each other, people not living life as well as they could do, the fact that work, the fact that productivity and consumerism overtake life and I hate the way our society is structured
5 things I can't live without: A book, a quiet place, fresh air, hot tea and of course music
Vices: Book buying, but that's probably not too unhealthy. I am also addicted to expensive chocolate, that is ever so slightly unhealthy
I spend most of my free time: In a book
- Blade Runner soundtrack
- Dead Can Dance
- This Mortal Coil
- Cocteau Twins
- Popol Vuh
- Roxy Music
- Neurosis
- John Fahey
- Stars of the Lid
- The Devil's Blood
- Fairport Convention
- Jefferson Airplane and far too many to list
SuicideGirls is a community that celebrates alternative beauty and alternative culture from all over the world. Since 2001, tens of thousands of models have submitted millions of photos to their website hoping to become SuicideGirls.


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Cache Valley Storytelling Festival – June 4 – 7, 2014 at The Elk ridge Park, 1100 East 2500 North, North Logan, UT.
The Cache Valley StoryTelling Festival is the realization of a dream… Organizer, Wayne McKay a former entrepreneur, educator and international consultant had settled in the Cache Valley. He spent time singing songs, telling tales, and doing voice work on occasion. He soon discovered "storytelling" as a festival and began to dream of Cache Valley as the home of a festival of its own.
This is the inaugural year of the Cache Valley Storytelling Festival. There will be a variety of storytellers appearing. Along with traditional storytellers, there will a cowboy storyteller, a Native American storyteller, a pioneer storyteller, and a mountain man storyteller. Storytelling will include anecdotes, songs, tall tales, short stories, and poems of all sorts.
On Wednesday, June 4, the "Roadside Raconteur Tour" takes visitors to historic as well as folkloric sites. Breakfast, lunch and dinner are included in this 8 AM – 4 PM tour. Also on Wednesday, there will be a stroll through Historic Downtown Logan with a storyteller/guide. OR enjoy a three-hour horseback ride through Logan Canyon in the Cache National Forest. A guide from the Beaver Creek Lodge guides and shares stories along the way.
Thursday, June 5, Workshops are scheduled form 9 AM to 5 PM. From 7 PM to 9 PM, the official opening ceremony will feature introductory performances of many of the storytellers.
On Friday, June , 9:30 AM – 5 PM, Story Time takes place. Storytellers will perform at a several venues at the same time. Story Exchange, and Yawn Yarns complete the day.
Saturday June 7, continues the Story Time experience with Story Exchange and Who Told! completing the day and the festival.
For more information and tickets
When visiting the Cache Valley, stay at one of the Bed and Breakfast Inns of Utah North region member inns. The Riter Mansion is in Historic Downtown Logan and The Old Rock Church/ProvidenceInn is in nearby Providence. Not too far away is the Valley House Inn in Huntsville, and The Snowberry Inn in Eden on The Pineview Reservoir. Ask your innkeepers for stories of their own. We are sure they have at least one stashed away.


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'Teen Mom' Star Gets Drake 'YOLO' Tattoo
It seems like everyone is getting a Drake tattoo nowadays. The latest victim, er, we mean, person to get a tat is reality star Jenelle Evans of MTV's 'Teen Mom.' The 20-year-old TV mom recently posted photos of her new tattoo "YOLO," which was inspired by Drizzy's song, 'The Motto.'
If you're unfamiliar with the term Y.O.L.O., it is an acronym for "You Only Live Once." Janelle's tat appears right below her collar bone in cursive lettering. Not only does she have a tat, her boyfriend, Gary, also got the acronymous life mantra inked below his Adam's apple with a king's crown around it. Hey, at least it wasn't on his forehead.
"I got the tatt cuz its a good quote, not becuz of the song #getreal," Jenelle explained on her Twitter page.
In any case, Janelle and Gary must be huge Drake fans. Looking at their Instagram photos, the cute couple have pics of themselves posing in YMCMB T-shirts.
Janelle will appear on the new season of 'Teen Mom,' which airs on Tuesdays at 10PM ET.


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LEGO Robotics Ages 10+
Mon., 20 November 2017, 4:00 pm – 5:00 pm AEDT
Mon., 20 November 2017, 4:00 pm AEDT
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Craigieburn Library
75- 95 Central Park Avenue
Craigieburn, VIC 3064
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Be part of a team, building robots and learning to program using LEGO Mindstorm EV3 Robotics kits. This is a fun interactive way to create and command robots.
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75- 95 Central Park Avenue, Craigieburn, VIC 3064, Australia
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Browsing by Author "Cottrell, Alan Philip."
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X-ray diffraction studies of muscle : observations on the anterior byssus retractor muscle of Mytilus edulis and the insect flight muscle from Sarcophaga bullata Cottrell, Alan Philip. (Brock University, 1977-07-09)The interfilament spacing of the anterior byssus retractor muscle from Mytilus edulis was studied as the muscle was extended. It was found that variations in this spacing were very small and consistent with the hypothesis ...


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Cleman Sweptson
Reported by WUSA 9
WASHINGTON (WUSA9) — A man is dead after an early morning officer-involved shooting in Southeast and his family has many questions they want answered about the details on Tuesday.
Officials say Cleman Sweptson was shot by a police officer shortly after 3 Tuesday morning in the 2500 block of Sheridan Road near Stanton Road after getting on his bike to leave his mother's apartment building. According to police on Tuesday morning, officers in the area of Stanton Road and Sheridan Road noticed a man acting erratically, possibly high on drugs, in the street. They instructed him to get out of the street and move to the sidewalk, according to police. Once the man got to the sidewalk, police say he pulled out what appeared to be a gun, causing an officer to fire. An officer fired two shots that struck Sweptson in the upper body. He was pronounced dead at the scene.
The officer was not injured.
His family says Sweptson does not criminal record, and he was not carrying a weapon at the time of the shooting. Police say, however, he was armed and fired at an officer. They also say a gun was recovered from the scene.
According to his family, Cleman Sweptson was sitting on the stoop of his mother's apartment building when police came and told him to move along. The family says he got on his bike to leave, and the next thing they heard were gunshots. His mother says police may have mistaken a small radio she gave him for a gun.
She also said that he does not own any weapons. "He was not that kind of kid," said Carolyn Bell.
Police later confirmed on Tuesday that Sweptson was riding a bike, but family members and police disagree about what happened after he turned the corner on his bike.
Ward 8 ANC Commissioner Natalie Williams, who was with the family on Tuesday after the shooting, also had questions about what happened. "My first question is, why was he asked to move? Then what happened from here to less than a block away for him to be shot?"
Williams says she has told the family to wait to see what the surveillance cameras in the area will tell them.
Bell says Sweptson was sitting on her porch playing music and was not high or acting strangely before the shooting.
Sweptson's niece questioned why the crime scene was cleared so quickly and why an ambulance did not show up.
Around 2 p.m. Tuesday, MPD released the following information in an emailed statement:
"The Metropolitan Police Department is investigating a fatal police involved shooting which occurred in the 2500 block of Sheridan Road, Southeast.
Preliminary investigation reveals that at approximately 3:04 am on Tuesday, April 9, 2013, a police officer from the Seventh District encountered a subject that appeared to be under the influence of narcotics in the 2500 block of Sheridan Road, Southeast. While investigating, the subject brandished a handgun and fired at the officer, which resulted in the officer firing his service weapon striking the suspect. DC Fire and Emergency Medical Services personnel responded and did not find signs consistent with life and the decedent remained on the scene. A handgun was recovered at the scene."


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Evan Beamer, co-director of "In Security," had a brush with danger Friday.
The Los Angeles resident almost backed into a Camaro after receiving a text telling him that his first feature film had been honored as an Outstanding Achievement in Filmmaking at the Newport Beach Film Festival.
"This is such a cool thing for our first tiny little movie that no one had ever seen before," said Beamer, who directed the film with his brother, Adam. "We are so grateful to the Newport Beach Film Festival. We got to watch this thing with a full house, and everyone was laughing the whole way through. We hope this honor allows more people to hear about this movie and helps get the word out for us a little bit."
Festival-goers tore off the corners of colored ballots after every screening to indicate if what they had just watched was "excellent," "good," "fair" or "poor." The festival gives out three sets of awards each year: Jury Awards, Audience Awards and Outstanding Achievements, which are decided by staff.
Another winner taken by surprise was Jericho Rosales, who starred in and co-produced the drama "Breakaway (Alagwa)." Rosales was being driven through Los Angeles when his phone rang and his publicist, Monica Busby, inquired, "Did you hear the news?"
Rosales froze, preparing for bad news, but it turned out to be the opposite: He had won the Outstanding Achievement in Acting award.
"Holy smokes — I'm so stoked," said Rosales, who was given the same prize in 2011. "This award means that a piece of the puzzle of my dream is coming together ... it means that us Filipinos can make it out here ... it's a confirmation of my faith."
Rosales, who co-produced the Ian Loreños-directed movie, said he was thrilled to simply have earned the lead role.
"This is a treat," he said. "I'm blown away. I leave Newport Beach with a great memory and souvenir."
Michael Shannon of "The Iceman" and Onata Aprile of "What Maisie Knew" also earned Outstanding Achievement acting awards.
Sam Rockwell ("A Single Shot") and Diane Kruger ("Fly Me to the Moon") won Jury Awards for Best Actor and Actress, respectively. "Fly Me to the Moon," a French adventure comedy, also took Best Feature Film, Director and Screenplay.
According to Gregg Schwenk, chief executive officer and executive director of the festival, this year's audience rankings were higher than normal.
"I'm elated," he said. "One, I'm very happy with how well the festival has gone ... We are very pleased with the feedback we've gotten not only from our audience, but also the scores that are all trending a little higher than ever before."
Schwenk said so many films got an ecstatic crowd reaction during the festival that it was hard to predict which films would come out on top until the votes were counted.
Closing in style
The festival concluded with people lining up Thursday in anticipation of the final night's spotlight "The Way, Way Back."
The atmosphere was upbeat among attendees, some of whom spent about an hour waiting to watch the sold-out film at the Regency Lido Theatre in Newport Beach.
The 96-minute Nat Faxon and Jim Rash creation boasts a star-studded cast, including Steve Carell, AnnaSophia Robb, Rockwell, Amanda Peet, Toni Collette, Allison Janney, Maya Rudolph and Rob Corddry.
The movie centers on Duncan, an awkward 14-year-old, stuck with his mother, her inappropriate boyfriend and his daughter for the summer. Enter Owen, manager at Water Wizz park, who befriends Duncan during what turns out to be a memorable vacation — first kiss and all.
The screening, while not attended by cast and crew members, was punctuated with bursts of laughter and cheering.
Irvine residents Karen and Lee Ferrell, fans of Carell and Rudolph, grabbed an early dinner before queuing up outside the cinema. They were not disappointed.
"We loved it — it was really cute and there was some good and funny acting," Karen said. "[It was] a very upbeat ending — it was perfect."
In the end, "The Way, Way Back" bagged the Audience Award for features filmed in the United States.
Raymond Morin, 67, and Bob Nason, 57, both from Tustin, watched movies on seven of the festival's eight days.
The independent film enthusiasts have attended the series for four consecutive years, an experience sprinkled with celebrity sightings, they said.
"It's a chance to see some stuff that may never see the light of day beyond the festival," said Nason, who ensures that the duo watch a little bit of everything — comedies, dramas and documentaries included.
For Morin, who faithfully voted after every movie, the selling point is that organizers encourage viewers to be part of the larger process by asking for their opinion.
'A magical experience'
Lorenzo Porricelli, who works for Regency Theatres and has screened films for the festival since its inception, deemed Sunday's showcase of the Disney rarities a "magical experience."
With wonder in his voice, he described the audience singing along with Richard Sherman, lyricist for "Winnie the Pooh," "The Jungle Book" and others, who not only performed his compositions at the piano, but also talked about his experiences with Walt Disney that led to the creation of "It's A Small World (After All)."
"It sounds almost clichéd, but the festival keeps rising and rising and rising in standard," said Porricelli, who watched 20 films in the past week. "This year, every night, we've had a full house, and every night, the movies have been phenomenal, no matter what part of the world they were from. We're trying to book them all because you now see movies here that will definitely hit the circuits out there to be picked up."
Schwenk echoed the sentiment.
"What's most heartening for me this year is the large number of distributors who've come out to take a look at our films, and the feedback I've gotten from our filmmakers about the industry presence in Newport," he said. "That bodes very well for 2014."
Schwenk enjoyed this year's festival more than last year's for another reason: The Newport Beach resident underwent an emergency gall bladder surgery in the midst of the festival in 2012.
As luck would have it, his hospital room at Hoag Hospital overlooked the Lido Theatre, so he could continue calling the shots, he said with a chuckle.
For the first time in the festival's history, every film in the 2013 European showcase was sold out, he said, adding that records were set in terms of sell-out films, repeat screenings and added screenings due to audience demand. Attendees also participated in a pilot test screening of "The Necessary Death of Charlie Countryman."
The festival attracted a turnout of 52,000 guests, as it did last year, making for tiring days for its staff, which ended long after the final credits.
"My feet have never hurt so much in the last 14 years," Schwenk said.