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Encore: Barack Obama Revealed
Aired December 25, 2008 - 19:00 ET
SUZANNE MALVEAUX, CNN ANCHOR: I'm Suzanne Malveaux. Eight years ago, few Americans had even heard of him. A Chicago politician with an unusual name, who had been soundly beaten in his first run for Congress. Now, Barack Obama has been elected our next president. One for the history books before he even takes the oath of office, the first African-American. His victory has insipired millions here at home and around the world. This is his life story. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) MALVEAUX (voice-over): Barack Obama was the underdog. A longshot candidate, who caught fire. His message of hope and change promised a new direction. SEN. BARACK OBAMA (D-IL), PRESIDENT-ELECT: That's why I'm running for president. That's why I need your support. Thank you very much. MALVEAUX: His campaign -- AUDIENCE: Yes, We Can! Yes, We Can! MALVEAUX: -- grew into a powerful force. But for 21 months, he would tested again and again. SEN. HILLARY CLINTON (D-NY), SECRETARY OF STATE NOMINEE: But I have to say that there is a difference between speeches and solutions. SEN. JOHN MCCAIN (R), ARIZONA: He's more liberal than a guy that used to call himself a socialist in the United States Senate. MALVEAUX: But Obama engaged and energized the country. An estimated 129 million Americans cast their vote for president. It was the highest vote turnout in 40 years. WOLF BLITZER, CNN ANCHOR: This is a moment that a lot of people have been waiting for. This is a moment that potentially could be rather historic. MALVEAUX: Before midnight on November 4th, Barack Obama made history. BLITZER: We project he now has enough elctoral votes, more than 270, more than enough to become the 44th President of the United States. MALVEAUX: An electoral landslide that proved America was ready for change. OBAMA: It's been a long time coming. But tonight, because of what we did on this day in this election and this defining moment, change has come to America. MALVEAUX: But who is Barack Obama? Just four years ago, he was a virtually unknown. A freshman senator for Illinois. And in many ways, he was an unlikely candidate. His life very different from the lives of most Americans. MICHELLE OBAMA, WIFE OF BARACK OBAMA: As Barack has said, only in this country would our stories, both he and mines, be possible. MALVEAUX: His story is fascinating, yet complex. Obama's father, Barack Sr., a black man from a small village in Kenya. His mother, Ann, a white woman from a small town in Kansas. Biracial and raised largely by his white grandparents in Hawaii, Obama often struggled to understand his own racial identity. (on camera): Your father was largely absent. How did that impact you? OBAMA: I didn't have a father in the house. I didn't have any role model as -- or very few role models as an African-American teen growing up. And there was a period in my teenage years where I was rebellious. MALVEAUX (voice-over): His family mosaic was far from traditional. His younger half-sister, Maya, remembers. MAYA SOETORO-NG, BARACK OBAMA'S SISTER: We were born into this complicated family that spanned more than one continent. And from the moment of our birth, we were faced with opportunities to forge connections. OBAMA: In many ways, it was a wonderful childhood because I got to know so many different parts of the world and so many different cultures. But it also meant that I never felt that I had a place, a community that was mine. MALVEAUX: Part of Barack Obama's story is pure Americana, beginning with his mother Ann. OBAMA: Oh, she was just -- she was spectacular. She was an only child. She had traveled a lot growing up. You know, she was born in Wichita, Kansas. My grandparents were from small towns in Kansas. She was a really loving, sweet person. She was somebody who had very clear ideas about what was right and what was wrong. She had no patience for bigotry. She had no patience for intolerance. SOETORO-NG: She really did a great job of making connections with other human beings. And she taught us the value of that. She was so strong, but so soft, so persistent, but so yielding in a way. I think that is something she has given to Barack. MALVEAUX: Ann's parents, Madeleine and Stanley Dunham, struggled after World War II. But they were eager to follow their dreams, a dream that would take their family to Hawaii in 1959, lured by the promise of America's newest state. Eight thousand miles to the east in Kenya, Obama's father, Barack Sr., was also searching for a better life. Leaving his small village Kogolo for the capital city, Nairobi. OBAMA: My father had this reputation as being this larger than life figure, charismatic, very smart, very engaging. And all those things were true. MALVEAUX: That charisma helped his father win a scholarship in 1959 to the University of Hawaii, becoming the school's first African student. OBAMA: He was part of that first generation of Africans who moved West to get an education, and then intended to bring it back to develop their country. And he made a great impression on people. MALVEAUX: It was here in a Russian language class that a 23- year-old Barack met a shy 18-year-old student, Ann Dunham. SOETORO-NG: She was eternally hopeful, some might even say naive, in thinking the best of everyone, and never imagining that people didn't have benevolent feelings towards her. MALVEAUX: Hawaii Congressman Neil Abercrombie was friends with Barack and Ann at the university. REP. NEIL ABERCROMBIE (D), HAWAII: She was much more an observer and he was always the center of attention, because he had an opinion on everything and quite willing to state it. And it made people listen, among other reasons, because he thought in paragraphs. He had this tremendous smile, a pipe in his mouth, dark-rimmed glasses with bright eyes. He was incandescent. MALVEAUX: After less than a year of dating, Ann and Barack secretly married in 1961. Ann, three months pregnant, dropped out of college. Barack Sr.'s family was furious. His father accused him of disgracing the family by marrying a white woman. Ann's parents, conservative middle Americans, were also upset that their daughter had eloped with a black man. (on camera): Why wasn't she caught up in that whole racial conflict at the time when she married Barack's father? SOETORO-NG: That's part of her idealism, was that she really imagined that people would simply get over it. She recognized that people were foolish to place so much stock in something like race. MALVEAUX (voice-over): It took a bit of time and a grandson for Ann's parents to eventually accept their daughter's marriage. They welcomed Barack Sr. and Barack Jr., whom they nicknamed Barry, into their lives. But it was all short-lived. When we return, a search to understand the father he never knew. Experimenting with drugs. And a political awakening that would launch him from obscurity into the national spotlight. Barack Obama in his own words when OBAMA REVEALED continues. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) (NEWS BREAK) MALVEAUX (voice-over): In 1963, when Barack Obama was just two years old, his father left his family and Hawaii to study economics at Harvard. The distance strained the marriage and soon he and Ann divorced. At 22 years old, Ann had become a single parent. As a student at the University of Hawaii, she collected food stamps to make ends meet. Still, she saw a bright future. OBAMA: I think because she was an only child, she was a voracious reader and ended up having this amazing imagination and always, I think, was looking to the larger world beyond where she was living. By the time she was an adult, she was somebody who was fascinated with different kinds of people in different cultures. MALVEAUX: One of those people, Lolo Soetoro, an Indonesian student at the University of Hawaii. Ann, attracted to his easy nature and the playfulness he showed to her son Barry, began dating Lolo. Two years later, this time with her parent's approval, Ann married Lolo. Soon they moved to Jakarta, Indonesia with six-year-old Barry. SOETORO-NG: Jakarta was like a big sprawling village at that time. It wasn't as developed as it is now. The driveways of homes were still lit with kerosene lamps. And there were a lot of open air markets and street food sellers. MALVEAUX: His stepfather, Lolo, was a geologist. Ann, concerned with the poverty that surrounded her, worked with a non-profit group. In 1970, they had their first child, a daughter, Maya. (on camera): Tell me about your mother, Ann. SOETORO-NG: Here was this woman who put on her birkenstocks and she would get on the back of a motorcycle and she would go and fight in patriarchal societies to get resources for women and children. MALVEAUX: Georgia McCulley (ph) was Ann's close friend in Jakarta. GEORGIA MCCULLEY, FRIEND OF ANN DUNHAM: She was joyful. I can hear her laughter to this day, strong, hearty laugh. She was just interesting, fun, outgoing, vibrant, brilliant. MALVEAUX: Ann's home was always a flutter of activity. MCCULLEY: You never knew if a famous Indonesian movie producer was going to come, an artist was going to come. It was kind of like being at the U.N. MALVEAUX: For Barry, every day brought something new. SOETORO-NG: He was confronted with poverty, but also great beauty and cultural complexity. And I think that he learned in Indonesia that there was always more than meets the eye. MALVEAUX: Indonesia's large Muslim population has prompted questions about what kind of school Obama attended. For two years, beginning in Kindergarten, he went to this Catholic school, later, a public school. While it had mostly Muslim students, it was open to all faiths. And we can confirm it was not a Muslim religion school or Madrassa. OBAMA: I was going to an Indonesian-speaking school. We couldn't afford to send me to a fancy international school. MALVEAUX: But his mother also kept him on his toes at home. OBAMA: She made sure that I was getting my English lessons. She would wake me up at 4:30 in the morning and drill into me, you know, the lessons. And I would be sleeping and nodding off and she would say, listen, this is no bargain for me either, buster. Because she was having to wake up and then go to work later. MALVEAUX: After four years in Jakarta, Ann worried that her son, now in fourth grade, was not getting the best education. In 1971, she made a painful decision to send him back to Hawaii to live with her parents, where he was accepted into an exclusive private school on a scholarship. MCCULLEY: It was very painful. She's a very sensitive person. And he was the center of her life for many years. MALVEAUX: For the first time in his life, Barry was without his only real parent, his mother. OBAMA: One of the things that I always knew was that I was the center of her world and, you know, I've always believed that if kids know they're loved, if they know that in their parent's eyes they are special, that can make up for a lot of instability and a lot of change. And that's what she was always able to transmit to me. MALVEAUX: But that same year, Barry's father, Barack Sr., came back into his life. They had not seen each other in eight years. (on camera): Was there anything in your 10-year-old mind that you thought maybe I can do to keep him to stay? OBAMA: If you've got this person who suddenly shows up and says, I'm your father, and I'm going to tell you what to do, and you don't have any sense of who this person is, and you don't necessarily have a deep bond of trust with him, I don't think your reaction is, how do I get him to stay. I think the reaction may be, you know, what's this guy doing here and who does he think he is? It was only during the course of that month -- by the end of that month that I think I started to open myself up to understanding who he was. But then he was gone. And I never saw him again. MALVEAUX (voice-over): This school, the Punaho school in Honolulu, was one of the few constants in Barry's life. His friends became his second family. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: I definitely think it was like a family. We were all close. MALVEAUX: Alan Lung (ph) and Barry played basketball together. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: In the cool dresser, very hip, bell bottoms with flip-flops, walking around, you know, talking to everybody. Maybe even being a politician in his own way. MALVEAUX: While popular, Barry wasn't at the top of his class. SOETORO-NG: He was a cool kid. He was balanced kid. He wasn't particularly ambitious. He didn't get straight A's. He wasn't part of student government. But he was affable and easy going, and he liked to play basketball. MALVEAUX: Basketball became the center of his life, earning him the nickname Barry O'Bomber. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: I can remember him practicing and playing on the outdoor courts, and school getting over and he'd be the first guy out there. We'd all meet out there. He just loved basketball. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I love this picture. MALVEAUX: But Kelly Forushima (ph), another friend, saw a different quality. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: He had written a piece for one of our literary magazines in high school that showed a sense of social consciousness. Everybody else was writing about butterflies and music and, you know, the last line of his poem was something like "walking a straight line in a crooked world." So he was pretty deep for a kid. MALVEAUX: On the surface, Barry Obama seemed happy. But as a mixed race child raised by white grand parents in a largely white school, he struggled with his own identity. Coming up, Barack Obama, fatherless, unfocused and adrift. OBAMA: There was a lot of turbulence there and, you know, I experimented with drugs, didn't apply myself at school. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) MALVEAUX (voice-over): The Punaho School in Honolulu, class of 1979. That's Barack Obama in a Saturday Night Fever Leisure suit. On the surface, Barry, as he was known then, was polite, laid back. But underneath, he struggled to find his place, a biracial teenager raised by his white grandparents. (on camera): Not a typical American family. How did you deal with that? OBAMA: I was luckier, I think, than I might have been because I was in Hawaii. Although there wasn't a large black population there, there was a multicultural environment there. But I didn't have any role models as -- or very few role models as an African-American teen. MALVEAUX (voice-over): Obama began to drift. His grades were mediocre, and there were distractions. OBAMA: There was a period in my teenage years where I was rebellious. On the surface, I remained very polite. But, you know, there was a lot of turbulence there. I experimented with drugs. I think didn't apply myself in school. And, in some ways, I think was conforming to some of the stereotypes of an African-American young man. MALVEAUX: When a friend of Barry's was arrested for drugs, his mother Ann, who was visiting from Indonesia, was alarmed and confronted her son. Barack Obama tells the story in his memoir "Dreams From My Father." OBAMA: Don't you think you're being a little casual about your future, she said? What do you mean? You know exactly what I mean. I could get into any school in the country, she said, if I just put in a little effort. Remember what that's like, effort? Damn it, Barry, you can't just sit around like some good time Charlie waiting for luck to see you through. MALVEAUX: Although he says his mother was the most positive force in his life, this time her message did not sink in. Barry remained a lackluster student. But when he got accepted into Occidental College in Los Angeles, he decided to go. OBAMA: My first two years of college, I was continuing some bad habits from high school, but I was starting to become more aware of the world. MALVEAUX: And politics. He'd stay up all night discussing and debating with a politically active crowd. SOETORO-NG: He started recognizing that our cities contained a lot of problems and a lot of inequality. He did feel a certain restlessness and a desire to change things and to make his mark. MALVEAUX: He would seen have his chance. OBAMA: I was starting to become more aware in the world. I became active in the anti-Apartheid movement on campus. MALVEAUX: It was 1981. Anti-Apartheid demonstrations were being held all over the world. When Obama spoke at a rally on the Occidental campus, he says things started to click. OBAMA: I really wanted to stay up there, to hear my voice bouncing off the crowd and return back to me in applause. I had so much left to say. MALVEAUX: The speech was a turning point. The student who had been indifferent about college now wanted to move up the academic ladder. OBAMA: I started to think to myself, I've got to buckle down here a little bit. So I transferred. I went to Columbia in New York City. And for about two years, I lived sort of the life almost like a monk. I was -- all I was doing was going to classes and reading and writing and thinking and never went out. In retrospect, you know, it's -- it's a pretty sober way to spend your junior and senior years in college. But that was what I felt was needed for me at that time. MALVEAUX: His sister Maya noticed the big change while visiting him in his rundown New York apartment. SOETORO-NG: He seemed more serious. He seemed more pensive. He was reading a great deal and studying hard. I now know that he was trying to figure out who he was and what he was going to do for the rest of his life. MALVEAUX (on camera): He went back to his given name Barack. Can you tell me the significance of that? SOETORO-NG: It didn't feel like a man's name perhaps to him. He wanted to sort of claim his inheritance. And also, I think, it was part of figuring out how to become a man. MALVEAUX (voice-over): Searching for a connection with his father, Obama exchanged letters with him and planned to visit after graduation. But halfway through his senior year, Obama received a static-filled phone call from Kenya. His father had been killed in a car accident. Now there would be no reunion, no reconnection, just a sense of loss and longing. His father's death gave him a sense of urgency about his own life. OBAMA: I think I just became much more aware that I was frittering my life away and that, if I really wanted to make my mark, it wasn't going to be because I was pursuing my own selfish aims, that there was going to be something that I connected up to that was larger than myself. MALVEAUX: When we return, Barack Obama finds purpose in Chicago. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: He taught us to speak for ourselves. MALVEAUX: And a minister named Jeremiah Wright. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) MALVEAUX (voice-over): In 1985, Barack Obama, a few years out of Columbia, wanted to make his impact on the world. He sent resumes to dozens of community organizations. He got just one response. (on camera): What was it like when you first saw him? JERRY KELLMAN, COMMUNITY ORGANIZER: There were lots of reasons to be skeptical of somebody who was 24 who wanted to do this work. MALVEAUX (voice-over): Jerry Kellman's Developing Communities Project, a charity that worked with Chicago's poor, needed a community organizer. He invited Obama for coffee. KELLMAN: This is a young man who had wanted -- who wanted to be involved in the civil rights movement, but he was somewhere between 10 or 15 years too young. B. OBAMA: The civil rights movement had an enormous impact on -- on my imagination, reading about people who were, at that time, not much older than me who had gone to jail and suffered beatings in order to liberate a people and give life to America's ideals. I thought, there's something powerful about that. MALVEAUX: Obama moved to this apartment on Chicago's South Side, to establish a connection with the black community, and to be closer to the people he wanted to serve. B. OBAMA: I thought to myself, this is how you can forge a community for yourself, by working in that community and -- and making sacrifices on behalf of that community. KELLMAN: We paid him $10,000. MALVEAUX (on camera): A year? KELLMAN: A year. A year. And he needed a car, so I gave him $2,000. MALVEAUX (voice-over): Obama bought a beat-up compact, and started to explore. What he saw was a black community suffering from years of government neglect and record unemployment. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: On the elevator, have you voted? MALVEAUX: Chicago elected its first black mayor, Harold Washington. But, like many big cities in America, Chicago was racially divided. Many white Chicagoans were outraged that a black man was in charge. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Congratulations, Mr. Mayor. (CHEERING AND APPLAUSE) MALVEAUX: Barack Obama's job was to help Chicago's forgotten residents learn to help themselves. Reverend Alvin Love. REVEREND ALVIN LOVE, PRESIDENT, BAPTIST GENERAL STATE CONVENTION OF ILLINOIS: Remember that, at that time in Chicago, the wards were really politically motivated. And, if you weren't on board with the political process with the people in leadership, then your garbage didn't get picked up on time; your street didn't get fixed. MALVEAUX: Obama had taken to walking his neighborhood like a cop on the beat. Along the way, he spotted Reverend Love's church, Lilydale First Baptist. LOVE: And this guy walks up, rings the doorbell, and says: "My name is Barack Obama. And can I talk to you for a few moments?" And, in the back of my mind, I'm wondering, what does this guy want, you know? (LAUGHTER) MALVEAUX: What Obama wanted was to organize Chicago's South Side pastors to better help their own communities. It was during this period that Obama joined the Reverend Jeremiah Wright's Trinity Church. It was the church to join if you wanted to be one of Chicago's black movers and shakers. Reverend Wright was a believer in the idea that religion could be used to fight racism. But, years later, their relationship would backfire. KELLMAN: What people don't understand about the period of time was that the issues that he talked to Jeremiah Wright about were how to get kids summer jobs, how to improve the -- the local public schools. They were very much grassroots kind of issues. MALVEAUX: Working together in what Obama called God's army, entire congregations now turned out for ward meetings. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Barack's job was to build the organization, and he did a good job on bringing in churches. MALVEAUX: Loretta Herron (ph) was active in the community. Along with several other woman, they became foot soldiers for Obama. They also tended to mother him, earning them the nickname "Obama's Mamas." UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I felt so protective of him. You know, are you eating right? Are you getting enough rest? MALVEAUX (on camera): Did he listen to you? UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I doubt it. I doubt it. MALVEAUX: Yvonne Lloyd (ph) was also one of "Obama's Mamas." UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: He always stayed in the background, and he would always tell us: "This is your community. If I go out front, people are going to say, who is he?" MALVEAUX: Obama made Loretta Herron his point person for a desperately need job center for the community. Herron ran into trouble at a meeting with city officials. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: The director was really talking over me, and she had that high-handed attitude about, well, you don't even know what I do, and whatever, you know. And I was trying to get a word in edgewise, without being really disrespectful. MALVEAUX: Herron says, when Obama saw her struggle, he spoke up. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: He started calling. He said, "Let Loretta speak, let Loretta speak," you know, in that voice of his. And, so, people kind of picked it up, you know. And, so, she backed down. MALVEAUX: The residents got their job center. Mayor Washington came to the opening and complimented Loretta's work. Obama beamed. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: He taught us to speak for ourselves. He gave us the strength that a lot of people never gave. You know, to this day, I am an empowered person. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: It was fine living here. I had a few run- ins with some of the management. MALVEAUX: Linda Randall (ph) lived here at the Altgeld Gardens housing project, which was surrounded by toxic waste dumps. The apartment buildings themselves were filled with asbestos. Randall alerted Obama to the problem. His army of everyday citizens went to work. It started when Randall alerted Obama to a problem. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Two guys in white suits came out. And they had these little glass things on their faces. So, I knocked on one of them's glass thing. And I asked them, I said, what are you all doing? And they told me, he said, we're removing asbestos. MALVEAUX: But the city only planned to remove asbestos from the management office, not from residents' apartments. MALVEAUX (on camera): He took it on an issue of injustice. Was that -- was that... UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Well, because it was. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: They are people living with small children. Some of them, we found, had been eating part of the asbestos. MALVEAUX (voice-over): Eventually, Obama's army forced the housing authority to clean it up, but it took years. The slow pace was Barack Obama's undoing as a community organizer. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Things weren't moving fast, as the way he felt they should. And that does frustrate you. When you have put your whole heart and soul and everything that you're doing, and it seems like everybody else is dragging their feet, it does frustrate you. MALVEAUX: After three years in Chicago, Obama decided to leave. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: And I would watch him in the trainings and in meetings, and I knew. I knew he was not ours just to keep. MALVEAUX: When we come back: Barack Obama learns the truth about the father who left him. (END VIDEOTAPE) (COMMERCIAL BREAK) (COMMERCIAL BREAK) (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) MALVEAUX (voice-over): In 1988, like his father 30 years earlier, Barack Obama was accepted into Harvard, where he planned to study law. But before opening the next chapter of his life, he knew he needed to close one in his past. MAYA SOETORO-NG, SISTER OF BARACK OBAMA: It was important, I think, that he travel to Kenya, that he meet his family there, that he begin to understand his father, in all of the man's complexities. MALVEAUX: That summer, he traveled to Kogelo, Kenya, to meet his father's family and learn who the man really was. (on camera): You said: "Every man is trying to live up to his father's expectations or make up for his mistakes. In my case, both may be true." Can you explain? B. OBAMA: In my case, you had this -- this person who was almost -- almost a myth in our family, about how smart he was, and how well he had done in school, and how well-spoken he was, and so forth. So, that was something to live up to, high expectations. On the other hand, here's somebody who wasn't there, and that I would come to learn was an alcoholic, and somebody who had not treated his family well. And, so, that was something that you felt you had to make up for. MALVEAUX (voice-over): The myth of his father was soon replaced with the reality of a complicated and broken man. B. OBAMA: He generally had trouble providing stability for his other children and his subsequent wives. He fought, when he got back to Kenya, against tribalism and nepotism, but ultimately was consumed by it, blackballed from the government, ended up having a serious drinking problem, was in a severe car accident, ended up dying a -- a tragic and bitter man. MALVEAUX: Sitting between the graves of his father and grandfather, Barack Obama's feelings of abandonment and frustration gave way to understanding and acceptance. KELLMAN: It was not until I traveled to Kenya and heard from relatives of who he had been, and the story that he had lived, that, I think -- that I -- I fully was able to understand him, and, obviously, in some ways, understand myself. MALVEAUX: In the fall of that year, Barack Obama arrived at Harvard Law School. Classmate Hill Harper recalls that Obama stood out. HILL HARPER, FORMER CLASSMATE OF BARACK OBAMA: He had already had real life experience. He -- he had already done a great deal of community service. You know, he worked on the South Side of Chicago. And, so, he really had a sense of why he was here. He definitely had a sense of gravitas that many -- many of us may not have had. MALVEAUX: Kenneth Mack, now a Harvard professor, was a good friend and remembers one of Obama's favorite quotes from Dr. Martin Luther King. KENNETH MACK, PROFESSOR OF LAW, HARVARD LAW SCHOOL: The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice. And he used to -- he used to love to sort of say this and kind of let it roll off of his tongue. MALVEAUX (on camera): And how did people react? MACK: For other people to say things like that, you know, come on, people wouldn't take it seriously. In law school, you're quoting Martin Luther King. But, with Barack, people really did take him seriously. MALVEAUX (voice-over): After his first year, Obama returned to Chicago for a summer internship at a high-powered corporate law firm. It was here he met Michelle Robinson, a recent Harvard Law School grad. B. OBAMA: I had actually spoken to her on the phone. And she was very corporate and very proper on the phone, trying to explain to me how the summer program at Sidley and Austin was going to go. MICHELLE OBAMA, WIFE OF BARACK OBAMA: I probably did what a lot of people do when they hear about Barack Obama. First, I thought, what kind of name is Barack Obama? B. OBAMA: First of all, she thought it was inappropriate to have any interoffice dating, even though I was only there for the summer. M. OBAMA: I had already sort of created an image of this very intellectual nerd. And I was prepared to be polite and all that. B. OBAMA: When I saw her, she was very crisp, and professionally dressed, and -- and beautiful. M. OBAMA: And then he walked into my office on that first day, and he was cuter than I thought he would be. So, that was a first positive impression. B. OBAMA: Then she had, I think, given up on men. She was going to be focusing just on work. M. OBAMA: I thought, this guy is going to be a good friend of mine. I liked him. We hung out. But I just didn't see that. I didn't see a relationship coming out of that. B. OBAMA: And she had all these theories. And I basically knocked them down one after the other, until finally... M. OBAMA: I said, OK, we will go on this one date, but we won't call it a date. I will spend the day with you. B. OBAMA: At that point, I thought, OK, I think I got something going here. M. OBAMA: We went to the Art Institute in Chicago. And he impressed me with his knowledge of art. And then we walked up Michigan Avenue. It was on a really beautiful summer day, and we talked, and we talked. Then, we wound up having a drink on the 99th floor of the John Hancock Building. That gives you a beautiful view of the city. And, probably by the end of that date, it was -- it was over. (LAUGHTER) MALVEAUX (on camera): You were sold? M. OBAMA: I was sold. MALVEAUX (voice-over): Obama was smitten. He and Michelle continued dating long-distance while he finished law school. In his second year, Barack Obama would stake his first claim to making history. In 1990, he set his sights on becoming president of Harvard's Law Review, the first African-American. MACK: The Law Review, like Harvard as a whole at that time period, was a very divided institution, divided politically, divided racially. B. OBAMA: I think it's real important to keep the focus on the broader world out there. MALVEAUX: Friends say, Obama rose above the fray. He had the knack of winning arguments without losing friends. HARPER: Barack defied the stereotypes and misperceptions about achievement, about excellence, without question. And there's -- there's no question about it, that he was the most outstanding student at Harvard Law School across race, across income level, across gender, across period. He was the top student of our class. MALVEAUX: He won the presidency and was profiled in newspapers across the country. There were also the usual job offers for the top student at Harvard Law. HARPER: So, what do most people who are historically number one, what do they -- what choices do they make? They decide to clerk for the Supreme Court. That's the next big power move you do. Or you take your big high six-figure salary job, best job you can get, in a big New York law firm or whatever. Barack decides to do neither of those two things. MALVEAUX: So, what does he decide to do? Coming up: back to Chicago, where Obama learns to play political hardball. DAVID MENDELL, OBAMA BIOGRAPHER: In the end, we saw the first real example of Barack Obama's cutthroat nature. (END VIDEOTAPE) (COMMERCIAL BREAK) (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) MALVEAUX (voice-over): Barack Obama was 30 years old, with a Harvard Law degree and president of the Law Review on his resume. Everyone wanted to hire him, Wall Street, big-name firms. He rejected them all. Instead, Obama headed to Chicago, where there was yet another low-paying job with his name on it. SANDY NEWMAN, ATTORNEY AND CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVIST: He could have taken the easy road to wealth and prestige. Instead, he gave both of those up, because he really believed in the democratic process. MALVEAUX: In 1991, Sandy Newman recruited Obama to head the Chicago chapter of Project Vote!. The group registered minority and low-income voters. B. OBAMA: My first love is getting people to participate in the political process. NEWMAN: He ran the most successful voter registration drive in Chicago history. MALVEAUX: And Obama was making a name for himself in Chicago political circles. Obama took on two jobs. He taught at the elite University of Chicago Law School, and he practiced civil rights law at a small politically connected firm. One client was developer Tony Rezko, who owned tenements in the inner city. He would become Obama's friend and financial supporter, and, down the road, a liability. But, at the time, Rezko was politically well-connected, and Obama was thinking about a career in politics. He was also thinking about a future with Michelle. CRAIG ROBINSON, BROTHER OF MICHELLE OBAMA: When we first met Barack, my sister brought him over to my mom and dad's house. MALVEAUX: Michelle's brother, Craig Robinson. ROBINSON: We all met him, had dinner. They left to go to the movie. And my mom and dad and I were talking, oh, what a nice guy. This is going to be great. Wonder how long he will last? MALVEAUX (on camera): How did you come to the point where the two of you decided that you would get married? M. OBAMA: It wasn't until after he finished law school that we started talking about marriage. And he would sometimes say, well, you know, if you love -- two people love each other, you know, what is marriage? And I would say, marriage is everything. (LAUGHTER) MALVEAUX: I want that ring. (LAUGHTER) M. OBAMA: Right. It's like, you know, marriage means a great deal. But he had always intended to propose, because, apparently, he had talked to my father, talked to my family before he bought the ring. I think everybody knew but me. So, he was just sort of goading me on. MALVEAUX (voice-over): On October 18, 1992, Barack and Michelle were married by Reverend Jeremiah Wright, pastor of Trinity United Church, the same Reverend Wright whose controversial sermons would later threaten Obama's political career. Obama had become close to Wright. He credits Wright with bringing him to Christianity. Wright would also baptize the Obamas' two daughters, Sasha and Malia. But, as Barack was building his new family, he lost one of his own. His mother, who was living in Hawaii, died in 1995. She was only 52 years old. He and his sister, Maya, said goodbye to their mother in Hawaii, scattering her ashes on the south shore. SOETORO-NG: This enormous wave came sweeping over us, and we felt sturdy. It was almost as though she were saying farewell. MALVEAUX: He returned to Chicago more focused and ready to make his move into politics. When State Senator Alice Palmer tapped Obama to run for her seat, he jumped at the chance. State Senator Rickey Hendon was Palmer's friend. RICKEY HENDON, ILLINOIS STATE SENATOR: Her and Barack had a discussion about him replacing her for the Senate when she went to Congress. So, there was an agreement between them. MALVEAUX: But then something unexpected happened. EMIL JONES, ILLINOIS SENATE PRESIDENT: She lost the race. Then she decided to come -- that she wanted to come back. HENDON: She said, well, look, I'm going to run for reelection. MALVEAUX: Palmer asked Obama to withdraw. JONES: He refused to step down. HENDON: There's no way Barack could have beat Alice Palmer in that seat. It just wasn't going to happen. Alice was extremely popular. MALVEAUX: Obama played hardball. He challenged Palmer's right to be on the ballot. MENDELL: He looked at her nominating petitions that she had to submit to the board of elections and could see that they were put together in a real hurry. HENDON: And the people who she had depended on to do her petitions really did not do a good job. WILL BURNS, FORMER CAMPAIGN VOLUNTEER: The rules are there for a reason. MALVEAUX: Will Burns was part of an Obama team that found a number of Palmer's signatures were not valid. BURNS: One of the first things you do whenever you're in the middle of a primary race or any race, especially in primaries in Chicago, you look at the signatures. MALVEAUX: Successfully challenging her signatures, Obama knocked Alice Palmer, a revered political figure, off the ballot, as well as all three other candidates. While Obama's campaign today promotes him as a different kind of politician, back then he was an avid student of Chicago-style politics. MENDELL: Morally, he had some complications with whether he should knock this woman out of the way. MALVEAUX: David Mendell is a Chicago reporter who wrote Obama's biography. MENDELL: In the end, what happened is we saw the first real example of Barack Obama's cutthroat nature when it came to advancing his own career in politics. OBAMA: I love him, but he's wrong. MALVEAUX: Obama's 1997 entree into the state Senate did not sit well with some legislators. MENDELL: They looked at him with some suspicion as to who is this sort of outsider in our ranks. MALVEAUX: Senate leaders assigned Dan Shoman to help Obama navigate the state capitol. He didn't want the job. DAN SHOMAN, FORMER OBAMA STAFFER: And my boss called me, the chief of staff, and he said, "Dan, I need you to staff Obama." I said, "I don't have time for Obama." I said, "This guy wants to change the world in five seconds. I have a lot of other things to do." MALVEAUX: But Obama won Shoman over, and Shoman sent Obama to meet party leader Emil Jones. JONES: The first thing he said to me after this election, he said, "You know, I like to work hard, and we know one another. So feel free to give me any tough assignments." MALVEAUX: And he did, making Obama the point person on campaign finance and ethics reform. But the state legislature became too small a stage for Obama. SHOMAN: Being a state senator is not much better than being a city councilman. You don't get any television coverage in Chicago. You're nobody. MALVEAUX: restless after three years in the Senate, Obama took a risky step. He decided to run for Congress against four-term incumbent Bobby Rush. Rush had just lost a race to be mayor. To Obama, he looked vulnerable. BOBBY RUSH, FORMER CONGRESSMAN: So I have lost this election, but I want you to know that I don't consider myself a loser. MENDELL: So Obama thought that he could probably knock him off. MALVEAUX: But Rush was a neighborhood favorite. RUSH: Senator Barack, he represents a part of Inglewood. His district has always been in Inglewood. What has he done? Let me -- let me... UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Congressman. MALVEAUX: In the debate, Rush dominated the political rookie. OBAMA: I don't think Congressman Rush in this situation has a pass. I don't think the mayor should have a pass. I don't get a pass for my state senate seat. RUSH: I certainly disagree with the senator, Senator Obama. He did get a pass in his first effort out in terms of running for the Senate. He and others knocked his predecessor, Senator Alice Palmer, off the ballot. MALVEAUX: The race got personal. Jones remembers what people said at the time. JONES: He's not black enough. Or he's from Harvard. He thinks he's better. MALVEAUX: Obama got a political drubbing. Rush beat him nearly two to one. MENDELL: Losing that congressional race was the first time in his life that he experienced just utter failure at something that he had tried and pursued with vigor. MALVEAUX: When we return, Obama finds a political godfather. JONES: I said, "Tell me anyone you know of that I could make a United States senator." And he said, "Me." (COMMERCIAL BREAK) MALVEAUX: Barack Obama had just experienced his first major defeat, a humiliating loss to Congressman Bobby Rush. Biographer David Mendell says Obama was doing a lot of soul searching. MENDELL: He thought that he was just such a charismatic figure and that he had a message that people would gravitate to and would embrace. And when they rejected him, that was a humbling experience for him. And he's not someone who had been humbled a whole lot in his life. MALVEAUX: Mendell says he looked for another way onto the national political stage. His first move, try to network with leaders at the 2000 Democratic National Convention. But when he arrived, he did not have enough clout to get a floor pass. He left the convention early. SEN. TERRY LINK: I think that, you know, Senator Obama maybe underestimated or overestimated his abilities. MALVEAUX: Friend and fellow legislator Terry Link says Obama had to learn that politics was as much about people as policy. LINK: He had to get down into the race and talk to people in a different way. MALVEAUX: The Reverend Jeremiah Wright, a mentor, told him the same thing. MENDELL: "Come on, Barack, you need to get into the real world here, that these -- you need to understand what politics is about. It's a lot about frivolous things, and you have to engage people in that manner sometimes." OBAMA: How are you? Good to see you. MALVEAUX: So Obama, learning from his defeat, plunged into the people side of politics. MENDELL: And so he picked up playing golf and picked up playing poker and became one of the boys. MALVEAUX: Senator Terry Link hosted the poker nights. He had one rule. LINK: The politics stayed out. As I always said, you left the guns at the door. MALVEAUX: But spending so much time at the Illinois State Senate caused tension at home. (on camera) What was the most difficult thing that you've gone through as a couple? MICHELLE OBAMA, WIFE OF BARACK OBAMA: I was -- spent a lot of those years, you know, without him by my side. Just home on the weekends, not there most of the week. You know, that created stress and tension that, I think, a lot of couples find themselves in, and we had to really work through that -- that time in our lives. MALVEAUX: But Obama's extra time in Springfield paid off. JONES: I don't care how smart, how brilliant you are. If you don't have those relationships, you're not going to be successful. MALVEAUX: Emil Jones was one of those relationships. SHOMAN: President Jones was the godfather, and he likes that role. He relishes that role. MALVEAUX: In 2002, Democrats took over the state senate. Jones, a former sewer inspector, was now the president of the Senate. Obama went to Jones with a proposal. JONES: You have a lot of power. Tell me what kind of power I got, Barack. He said, you have the power to make a United States senator. I said, that sounds very interesting. I said, "If I got that kind of power, tell me anyone you know of that I could make a United States senator." And he said, "Me." HENDON: He owes it all. He owes everything to President Jones. I never let Barack forget that. And we shouldn't let Barack forget that. MALVEAUX: With help from on high, Obama got his name on hundreds of bills that he pushed through. OBAMA: This is a nationwide problem. MALVEAUX: A bill that monitored racial profiling by police. A law mandating that police interrogations be videotaped in murder cases. OBAMA: But we have to start preparing for that now. MALVEAUX: Tax rebates for the working poor. But there was also something else on his political resume. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: All those in favor, vote aye. Opposed vote nay. The voting is open. MALVEAUX: Obama had a high number of "present" votes. It's a technique many legislators used on politically sensitive issues to indicate they were present for a vote without committing for or against. Obama did it 129 times in his eight years in the Senate. His critics charged he wouldn't commit on controversial votes. HENDON: Some people would also say that that's smart politics. OBAMA: How are you? MALVEAUX: In 2002, Obama started to test the waters for a Senate race. OBAMA: Thank you, man. I appreciate you. MALVEAUX: Weighing into a national political debate. OBAMA: I don't oppose war. What I do oppose is a dumb war. MALVEAUX: He won influential supporters among Chicago's moneyed elite. But friends and family worried. A loss would be politically devastating. VALERIE JARRETT, SENIOR ADVISER, OBAMA CAMPAIGN: If you lose another race so quickly, what's that going to do to your political career? MALVEAUX: But Obama was determined. OBAMA: We are going to need to register as many voters as we can. MALVEAUX: When he announced his run for the Senate, he was a clear underdog. OBAMA: I had no money. I had no organization. And nobody could pronounce my name. MENDELL: Well, that Democratic primary is the craziest political race I've ever witnessed. MALVEAUX: Crazy, but for Obama lucky. Scandal and unsealed court papers would derail the campaigns of both the Democratic front- runner, Blair Hall, and the Republican nominee, Jack Ryan. OBAMA: I welcome Mr. Keyes to this Senate race. MALVEAUX: Failing to find local talent to replace their fallen candidate, Illinois Republicans picked Alan Keyes, a Maryland conservative, for the race. ALAN KEYES, FORMER ILLINOIS SENATORIAL CANDIDATE: Christ would not vote for Barack Obama. MENDELL: Enter this bombastic figure of Alan Keyes to run against him. I mean, it's a -- it's a script that, you know, a screenwriter couldn't write. OBAMA: And Cody, I want to congratulate you for doing just an outstanding job raising this steer. So thank you very much. MALVEAUX: Obama's only challenge now was to win enough voters in conservative down state Illinois. OBAMA: I just want you to know that everybody running on the Democratic slate is a meat eater. We have no vegetarians. MALVEAUX: Then Obama got an even bigger break, something more than a floor pass to the 2004 Democratic National Convention. He got an invitation to give the keynote speech. Obama's good friend, Marty Nesbit, noticed Obama was connecting with young people. MARTY NESBIT, FRIEND OF OBAMA: We were walking down the street, and there was this crowd building behind us, kind of like Tiger Woods at the masters. And I turned to him, and I said, "You know, man, you are really turning into a rock star." And he said, "You think it's bad today, wait until tomorrow." And I said, "Well, what do you mean?" And he said, "My speech is pretty good." OBAMA: Now, even as we speak, there are those who are preparing to divide us -- the spin-masters, the negative ad peddlers, who embrace the politics of anything goes. Well, I say to them tonight, there is not a liberal America and a conservative America. There is the United States of America. MALVEAUX: Barack Obama became an instant star for the Democrats. Political consultant David Axelrod. DAVID AXELROD, POLITICAL CONSULTANT: I said to myself, "His life is never going to be the same." JONES: The tears was running down my eyes, and I felt embarrassed. And I turned around, and I looked at Terry link. We all felt so proud, so good. MALVEAUX: Barack Obama won his Senate race by a landslide. When we return, how a freshman senator from Illinois became the Democratic nominee for president. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Mr. Obama of Illinois. MALVEAUX: The freshman senator, at 44 years old, was already a political star. OBAMA: I do. DICK CHENEY, VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: Congratulations. MALVEAUX: Only the third African-American elected to the U.S. Senate. SEN. DICK DURBIN (D), ILLINOIS: Barack Obama's arrival in the United States Senate was unprecedented. It never happened before. Here was a brand-new United States Senator who was known by everybody because of the speech. OBAMA: There is not a liberal America and a conservative America. There is the United States of America. MALVEAUX: But Obama was quick to remind the press he was still a freshman senator with little clout and part of the minority party in Washington. OBAMA: I'm looking forward to my service here. MALVEAUX: He soon found his way in, reaching across the aisle to pass legislation on nuclear nonproliferation and to revamp federal contracts awarded after Hurricane Katrina. When Democrats gained control of the Senate, party leaders made Obama the point person on an ethics overhaul. But like most freshmen senators, his legislative record is thin. With an eye on his future career, he was cautious and pragmatic. Immigration reform has long been a political football. Obama joined a bipartisan group, which included John McCain. They came up with a compromise plan to reform immigration and agreed to stick with it. But when the bill reached the floor, Obama distanced himself from the bipartisan coalition, voting for amendments favored by labor groups whose support could be useful to him in a presidential run. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: I do hereby move to bring to a close debate on... MALVEAUX: The bill died in the Senate. Obama defended his vote. OBAMA: It simply says that we should examine after five years whether the program is working. The notion that somehow that guts the bill or destroys the bill is simply disingenuous. MALVEAUX: Critics said Obama put partisan politics above bipartisan reform. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Some people, when it comes to the tough decisions, back away. MALVEAUX: After Obama's second book, "The Audacity of Hope," became a best seller. His audience grew bigger. The political buzz surrounding him grew louder. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Can we recruit you to run for president? OBAMA: Well, I don't know about all that. MALVEAUX: Although Obama had less than three years on the job, he was being courted by powerful Democrats to run for president. David Axelrod, his chief strategist and close friend. AXELROD: This was as close to a draft as anything that I've seen in my lifetime. We had no intention on making this race, and then he went on the road in the spring of 2006, barnstorming for other Democratic candidates around the country. Wherever he went, there were these enormous crowds, and almost always, people were there to exhort him to consider running. OBAMA: Obviously, it's flattering to get a lot of attention. DURBIN: I just watched what was going on. And I watched the reaction to this man, and I said, you know, in this business of politics, sometimes you pick the time, and sometime the time will pick you. This is your time. OBAMA: I stand before you today to announce my candidacy for president of the United States of America. MALVEAUX: But he was up against a powerful force: former first lady, Senator Hillary Clinton, who was favored to win the nomination. The race soon got ugly. OBAMA: While I was working on those streets watching those folks see their jobs shipped overseas, you were a corporate lawyer sitting on the board at Wal-Mart. I was fighting these fights. I was fighting these fights. SEN. HILLARY CLINTON (D-NY), SECRETARY OF STATE NOMINEE: I was fighting against those ideas when you were practicing law and representing your contributor, Rezko, in his slum landlord business in inner city Chicago. OBAMA: No, no, no, no. MALVEAUX: Developer Tony Rezko was Obama's friend and one of his top political contributors when Obama was an Illinois state senator. MENDELL: He had gotten too close to this guy to see the problems that were swirling around him. MALVEAUX: While Rezko was under federal investigation, he and Obama were involved in a questionable real estate sale in 2005. Obama got a sweetheart deal on his house, courtesy of Rezko. It had the appearance of influence buying. Rezko was later convicted of fraud, money laundering, and bribery, charges unconnected to Obama. OBAMA: But there's no allegations that I was involved with anything, that there was -- that any of his problems were related to me. I did show -- I did make a mistake in entering into a real estate with him that was completely separate from the topic of his trial, and I've said it was a mistake. MENDELL: Obama is a guy who's generally a pretty good judge of character, I think, but in this instance, he was off. OBAMA: Hoping to distance himself, Obama gave Rezko's political donations to charity. But then came an unexpected blow that would cause far more damage. REV. JEREMIAH WRIGHT, FORMER PASTOR, TRINITY UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST: No, no, no, not God bless America, God damn America. That's in the Bible. MALVEAUX: When we return, Barack Obama fights for his political future. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) (NEWSBREAK) MALVEAUX: In the 2008 race for the Democratic nomination, Senator Barack Obama started out as a longshot. OBAMA: I am fired up this morning. MALVEAUX: Senator Hillary Clinton has entered the race as the favorite, the former first lady. The press talked about her inevitability. CLINTON: Who is ready on day one to lead. MALVEAUX: But as the contest wore on, there were signs of strain in the Clinton campaign. GLORIA BORGER, CNN SR. POLITICAL ANALYST: They disagreed with each other all the time, and that there were a lot of internal problems that ended up in a way spilling over onto strategy, and it made for a very unsure campaign. MALVEAUX: Obama was gaining ground. His message of hope and change connected with voters, and built a bond with a new generation, especially on the Internet. OBAMA: Our future will not be denied, and our time for change has come! MALVEAUX: Then in March, an unexpected blow. WRIGHT: Not God bless America, god damn America! That's in the Bible! MALVEAUX: Reverend Jeremiah Wright, Obama's pastor and friend of 20 years. Inflammatory excerpts from his sermons began to surface on the Internet. WRIGHT: And they will not only attack you if you try to point out what's going on in white America, U.S. of K.K.K.A. MALVEAUX: Casting a shadow over Obama's campaign. At first he stood by his pastor. OBAMA: As imperfect as he may be, he has been like family to me. I can no more disown him than I can disown the black community. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Reverend Wright, the floor is now yours. MALVEAUX: But Jeremiah Wright would not stop. WRIGHT: You cannot do terrorism on other people and expect it never to come back on you. Those are not biblical principals, not Jeremiah Wright bombastic, divisive principles. MALVEAUX: His provocative statements at the National Press Club in April fueled the flames of the controversy. RUSH LIMBAUGH, RADIO TALK SHOW HOST: He chose this church. He chose this hate-monger as a spiritual leader. MALVEAUX: The reverend had, in effect, made his longtime friend a target. A visibly anguished Obama, in the fight of his political life, finally severed the relationship. OBAMA: The person I saw yesterday was not the person that I met 20 years ago. His comments were not only divisive and destructive, but I believe that they end up giving comfort to those who prey on hate. They certainly don't portray accurately my values and beliefs. MALVEAUX (voice-over): A personal loss in the middle of a pitched battle with Hillary Clinton. CLINTON: Well, I'm here. He's not. OBAMA: Well, I can't tell who I'm running against sometimes. MALVEAUX: That would not end until June, in one of the closest primary contest in history. Barack Obama, the one-time underdog candidate, came out on top. OBAMA: Thank you, Iowa. Thank you, Minnesota. Thank you, North Carolina. May God bless. * MALVEAUX: It was a short-lived celebration. Obama quickly geared up to battle his formidable opponent in the race for the White House. SEN. JOHN MCCAIN (R), ARIZONA: The bottom line is that Senator Obama's words for all their eloquence and passion don't mean all that much and that's the problem with Washington. MALVEAUX: Arizona Senator John McCain, the decorated Vietnam veteran and fabled prisoner of war, an American hero. The Obama campaign knew early on to come out on top they would have to win key states long held by Republicans. DAVID GERGEN, CNN SR. POLITICAL ANALYST: The strategy and his whole philosophy springs right out of the speech he made at the Democratic Convention in 2004. This is not something he made up at the last moment just before the campaign started. He said we're not a red America. We're not a blue America. We should be the United States of America. MALVEAUX: While both candidates promised to keep the campaign focused on issues that mattered to the country, it didn't last long. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: He made time to go to the gym, but canceled a visit with wounded troops. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: McCain and Bush support a drilling plan that won't produce a drop of oil for seven years. McCain will give more tax breaks to big oil. MALVEAUX: Obama's inner circle kept to their mantra, no drama Obama. Stay on message and no infighting. DAVID AXELROD, OBAMA SENIOR ADVISER: The first thing he told us when we got together as a senior group at the beginning of the campaign was I've got three goals. I want to build a grass roots campaign. I don't want any drama, I don't want any sharp elbows. We're going to rise and fall together. MALVEAUX: Obama had one clear advantage over John McCain: money, outspending McCain by $280 million. His reach was growing. His crowds were big and supporters louder, even overseas. The McCain campaign was quick to criticize Obama's July trip to Berlin as a campaign prop. They mocked his celebrity status. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: He's the biggest celebrity in the world. But is he ready to lead? MALVEAUX: But the attacks did not seem to stick. GERGEN: Obama was seen as running a much more positive campaign. He maintained through his public appearances a pretty high class above the fray kind of place and John McCain by contrast on the stump was petulant or seemed angry. MCCAIN: And that's only because Joe the Plumber asked him a question in Ohio. OBAMA: The next vice president of the United States of America, Joe Biden. MALVEAUX: One month later, Obama made his vice presidential choice, Senator Joe Biden of Delaware, adding experience to the ticket, especially in foreign policy. The Obama/Biden campaign was on a roll. But John McCain was plotting a surprise. MCCAIN: The next vice president of the United States, Governor Sarah Palin of the great state of Alaska. GOV. SARAH PALIN (R), ALASKA: I was just your average hockey mom in Alaska. MALVEAUX: Palin gave John McCain a much-need bounce. The Republican base embraced her social conservative credentials. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: An ominous point for stock prices, the Dow falling below 9,000 for the first time in five years. MALVEAUX: But then came a game-changer. ANDERSON COOPER, CNN ANCHOR: It just keeps coming, another blow to the markets. MALVEAUX: In mid September, the economy went into free fall. John McCain seemed out of touch. MCCAIN: Our economy I think still, the fundamentals of our economy are strong. DAVID PLOUFFE, OBAMA CAMPAIGN MANAGER: Well, I didn't believe it at first, you know. Our press staff came into my office and just said the fundamentals of the economy are strong. AXELROD: It spoke to the kind of obliviousness that people associated with the Bush administration and it kind of augmented our message at a time when we so clearly needed change. WOLF BLITZER, CNN ANCHOR: Obama has regained an advantage. He is now leading McCain in this average of polls by four points. MALVEAUX: But the race remained tight, leading up to the first presidential debate on September 26th. VALERIE JARRETT, OBAMA SENIOR ADVISER: I can remember before the first debate I stopped by his hotel room to wish him good luck and I was just about to say something. He must have seen like this look of panic on my face and he put his hand on my shoulder and he interrupted me before I could say anything and he said, Valerie, I've got this. OBAMA: John, it's been your president who you said you agreed with 90 percent of the time who presided over this increase in spending, this orgy of spending, and enormous deficits. MALVEAUX: As the economic crisis grew, McCain announced he would suspend his campaign. He returned to Washington to address the crisis. GERGEN: At first it looked like the cavalry was coming and he was leading the charge to save the damsel in distress. But it didn't quite work out that way and it looked like he rode his horse into town and then out of town and didn't get much accomplished and it backfired on him. The economic crisis turned out to be a disaster for John McCain. MALVEAUX: When we return, the McCain campaign turns up the heat on Obama. PALIN: Our opponent is someone who sees America as imperfect enough to pal around with terrorists who targeted their own country. (END VIDEOTAPE) (COMMERCIAL BREAK) (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) MALVEAUX: While Barack Obama was ahead in the polls. OBAMA: Hello, Springfield. MALVEAUX: For the month leading up to the election, it was still too close to call. OBAMA: We just need to vote. MCCAIN: I need your vote. I need your vote. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: And the next vice president -- MALVEAUX: John McCain's surprise vice presidential pick. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Sarah Palin. MALVEAUX: Had given his campaign a boost and turned the media's attention away from Barack Obama. PALIN: I will be honored to accept your nomination for vice president of the United States. MALVEAUX: Everyone wanted to know more about Sarah Palin. PALIN: I love those hockey moms. You know, they say the difference between a hockey mom and a pit bull, lipstick. MALVEAUX: McCain and Palin crowds grew larger. MCCAIN: And she's a bit of a maverick herself, my friends, a bit of a maverick. MALVEAUX: The governor, a former Miss Alaska runner up and self- described hockey mom. TINA FEY, ACTRESS: Are we not doing the talent portion? MALVEAUX: Became a pop culture icon, a steady diet for "Saturday Night Live" comic Tina Fey. But on the campaign trail, Palin became McCain's chief attack dog. PALIN: I think the phoniest claim in a campaign that's been full of them is that Barack Obama is going to cut your taxes? BORGER: Palin was a game-changer for three weeks. I think she really helped him with the base and inject a lot of excitement into the campaign and it did -- it did put the Obama people a little bit back on their heels. They weren't quite sure how to react to Sarah Palin. AXELROD: The political community was completely persuaded that this had turned the race around and that this it was the key to victory for McCain. We never believed that. We knew how hard it would be to be parachuted into this national campaign and perform at a high level, for anybody. PALIN: Our opponent is someone who sees America as imperfect enough to pal around with terrorists who targeted their own country. MALVEAUX: McCain and Palin seized on Obama's acquaintance with William Ayers, a former anti-Vietnam war activist and a member of the radical group, The Weather Underground. Ayers had participated in plans to bomb government buildings in the '60s and '70s. Today, he's a college professor who served alongside Barack Obama on the board of a non-profit Chicago-based organization. Obama shot back. OBAMA: They would rather tear our campaign down than lift this country up. That's what you do when you're out of touch, out of ideas, and running out of time. What's your name? JOE WURZELBACHER, JOE THE PLUMBER: My name is Joe Wurzelbacher. MALVEAUX: Then came a house call from Joe the Plumber. In Holland, Ohio, Joe Wurzelbacher confronted Obama. WURZELBACHER: Your new tax plan is going to tax me more. MALVEAUX: And said he was worried Obama planned to raise his taxes. The candidate explained he only planned to tax the wealthy. OBAMA: I think when you spread the wealth around, it is good for everybody. MALVEAUX: McCain immediately jumped on Obama's words. MCCAIN: And what you want to do to Joe the Plumber and millions more like him is have their taxes increased and not be able to realize the American dream of owning their own business. You know, Senator Obama is running to be redistributionist in chief. I'm running to be commander-in-chief. MALVEAUX: But despite all the verbal warfare, Obama's campaign strategy to go after Republican strongholds. OBAMA: Hello, Virginia. MALVEAUX: Was starting to pay off. JOHN KING, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Moderates are breaking Obama's way and 9 percent of Virginia voters who identify themselves as Republicans say they plan to support the Democratic candidate for president. MCCAIN: God bless America. Win this election. MALVEAUX: John McCain was forced to campaign in states that were traditionally locked up for Republicans. BLITZER: Missouri is looking extremely tight, doesn't get closer than this. OBAMA: What a crowd here in Springfield, Missouri, AXELROD: When we were traveling around in the days before the election, the crowds were enormous, they were so enthusiastic and these were all the states that Bush had won and you talked to people on the ground, political people and they say something is happening here. MALVEAUX: For Obama, the pace had picked up. It was a grueling and demanding schedule, a 21-month marathon that kept him on the road and away from the family he missed. JARRETT: People will say to him, what's been the hardest part about the campaign? Has it been the public scrutiny or the rigorous schedule? And he said no, I miss Michelle and I miss the girls. MALVEAUX: What does she do for him when there are those challenging moments? JARRETT: Well, you know what? She's there. And she's steady, she's strong. She's the kind of person that you want in your corner when things get tough. She is his fiercest advocate but she's also a good listener and so he can go home or make a phone call when everything gets difficult and know that he has somebody who really has his best interest at heart. MALVEAUX: As Barack Obama headed into the last week of the campaign for the presidency the woman who largely raised him, his grandmother Madelyn Dunham, was losing her battle with cancer. BLITZER: We unfortunately have some very sad news to report to our viewers, a statement just coming in from Senator Barack Obama. MALVEAUX: She passed away the day before the election. OBAMA: She died peacefully in her sleep with my sister at her side, and so there's great joy as well as tears. MALVEAUX: The long race was nearly over. The election had energized the country. All signs pointed to a record voter turnout. OBAMA: Just one word, tomorrow, tomorrow. MALVEAUX: On the eve of election night, Obama was favored to win. CROWD: Obama. MALVEAUX: When we return, were the polls right? Would voters really elect the first black president? (END VIDEOTAPE) (COMMERCIAL BREAK) (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) KIRAN CHETRY, CNN ANCHOR: This is it. MALVEAUX: It's election day. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Forty-four states are voting right now. MALVEAUX: As the most watched and most expensive presidential campaign in history comes to a close, the election is still a real nail-biter. Voters line up early, waiting patiently as long lines wrap around buildings. Obama supporters seem excited, but nervous. Many wonder in the privacy of the voting booth, will enough Americans cast their ballot for an African-American? GERGEN: There was uncertainty attached to the polls because we had a black candidate for the first time and nobody knew who was saying what to whom with honesty. MALVEAUX: At 6 p.m. Eastern, the first polls close. The first results come about an hour later, the decision split. Obama takes Vermont, McCain Kentucky. By about 8, three more states make it into McCain's column, but as expected, Obama pulls ahead with big wins in New England. And by 8:30, Obama gets more good news. BLITZER: CNN now projects Pennsylvania and its 21 electoral votes will be going for Senator Obama. MALVEAUX: Pennsylvania, a state the McCain campaign said he had to win. BLITZER: Ohio. MALVEAUX: Then a pivotal swing state falls to Obama, Ohio goes blue at 9:20 p.m. DANA BASH, CNN CORRESPONDENT: It is absolutely crushing for John McCain. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: It's a big deal for Senator Obama. BASH: Reality is setting in inside the McCain campaign. PLOUFFE: We won some states like Pennsylvania and Ohio much earlier than I think people thought. MALVEAUX: But other swing states, Virginia, Indiana and Missouri are still too close to call. By 10:45, the polls out west are about to close and all signs point to an Obama victory. And then just before 11:00, Virginia usually a reliable red state tilts to Obama. The outcome is clear. BLITZER: And CNN can now project that Barack Obama, 47-years- old, will become the president-elect of the United States. PLOUFFE: Pretty emotional, and, you know, to see it culminate in him being elected the 44th president was pretty special. I'll certainly never forget it, because, you know, because we went through a lot and to have it end that way was obviously, you know, kind of a storybook ending. MALVEAUX: A story book ending that the pros say was well scripted. BORGER: It was a remarkable campaign. Even when they were in trouble, they stuck on course and they did not let all the, quote, "bed wetters in Washington," which is what I think David Plouffe referred to as the worry warts in Washington, didn't let them veer them off their strategy. GERGEN: His leadership style fits the modern age much more than either the John McCain or the Hillary Clinton leadership styles. Obama's campaign was much more community. It was less a campaign than a movement by the end, and I think that revealed a great deal about him as a leader. MALVEAUX: At a little after 11:00, Republican presidential candidate John McCain takes the stage to bring an end to the longest campaign in presidential history. MCCAIN: We have come to the end of a long journey. The American people have spoken and they have spoken clearly. Please. Senator Obama has achieved a great thing for himself and for his country. Join me in not just congratulating him, but offering our next president our goodwill and earnest effort to find ways to come together. GERGEN: He left with enormous grace and dignity, and I think he deserved credit for the way he tried to be a healing force. MALVEAUX: Back in Chicago, a jubilant crowd of 240,000 people literally runs to fill Grant Park where they wildly greet their new first family. JARRETT: Right before he went on to make his speech that night, we just kind of gave each other a look and one look just sums up so many emotions. It was almost as though can you believe this happened? OBAMA: Hello, Chicago. If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, tonight is your answer. REP. JOHN LEWIS (D), GEORGIA: Tonight is a wonderful night. MALVEAUX: Congressman John Lewis watched in a crowd that gathered at Atlanta's Ebenezer Baptist, the church of his mentor, Martin Luther King. LEWIS: I never ever imagined that one day I will live to see an African-American become president of the United States of America. MALVEAUX: What do you think it says about our country, about the people, black and white? LEWIS: What this moment in our history is saying that there will come a distance, that we're preparing to lay down the burden of race and people living it up to the dream of Martin Luther King Jr. MALVEAUX: Civil rights leader Reverend Jesse Jackson at Grant Park is seen weeping at a victory that seemed inconceivable during the early days of the movement. His son, Congressman Jesse Jackson Jr. is also there. REP. JESSE JACKSON JR. (D), ILLINOIS: On the jumbotron, I saw my father crying profusely and I wish I could have rushed through the crowd and the throngs pressed against us to just give him a hug and say you did it. You guys did it. Congratulations. MALVEAUX: For Obama, it is an electoral landslide, but he acknowledges a rough road ahead. OBAMA: This is your victory. And I know you didn't do it for me. You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead, two wars, a planet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century. MALVEAUX: And then he uses words reminiscent of the speech Martin Luther King gave the night before he died. OBAMA: The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep. We may not get there in one year or even in one term, but America I have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there. I promise you we as a people will get there. CROWD: Yes, we can. MALVEAUX: For Barack Obama, it has been both an improbable and extraordinary journey. From a boy who struggled to find his place, to the man who will become our country's next president. OBAMA: This is our moment. This is our time to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids, to restore prosperity and promote because of peace. To reclaim the American dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth that out of many we are one, that while we breathe, we hope, and where we are met with cynicism and doubt and those who tell us that we can't, we will respond with a timeless creed that sums up the spirit of a people. Yes, we can. Thank you. God bless you, and may god bless the United States of America. MALVEAUX: For Barack Obama, one long journey is over, another about to begin. (END VIDEOTAPE)


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Note - please pay attention to the date of this post. As much as I attempt to make the information below accurate, the nature of distributed computing means that components, units and pricing will change over time. The definitive costs for Microsoft Windows Azure and SQL Azure are located here, and are more accurate than anything you will see in this post: http://www.microsoft.com/windowsazure/offers/
When writing software that is run on a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) offering like Windows Azure / SQL Azure, one of the questions you must answer is how much the system will cost. I will not discuss the comparisons between on-premise costs (which are nigh impossible to calculate accurately) versus cloud costs, but instead focus on creating a general model for estimating costs for a given application.
You should be aware that there are (at this writing) two billing mechanisms for Windows and SQL Azure: "Pay-as-you-go" or consumption, and "Subscription" or commitment. Conceptually, you can consider the former a pay-as-you-go cell phone plan, where you pay by the unit used (at a slightly higher rate) and the latter as a standard cell phone plan where you commit to a contract and thus pay lower rates. In this post I'll stick with the pay-as-you-go mechanism for simplicity, which should be the maximum cost you would pay. From there you may be able to get a lower cost if you use the other mechanism. In any case, the model you create should hold.
Developing a good cost model is essential. As a developer or architect, you'll most certainly be asked how much something will cost, and you need to have a reliable way to estimate that. Businesses and Organizations have been used to paying for servers, software licenses, and other infrastructure as an up-front cost, and power, people to the systems and so on as an ongoing (and sometimes not factored) cost. When presented with a new paradigm like distributed computing, they may not understand the true cost/value proposition, and that's where the architect and developer can guide the conversation to make a choice based on features of the application versus the true costs.
The two big buckets of use-types for these applications are customer-based and steady-state. In the customer-based use type, each successful use of the program results in a sale or income for your organization. Perhaps you've written an application that provides the spot-price of foo, and your customer pays for the use of that application. In that case, once you've estimated your cost for a successful traversal of the application, you can build that into the price you charge the user. It's a standard restaurant model, where the price of the meal is determined by the cost of making it, plus any profit you can make.
In the second use-type, the application will be used by a more-or-less constant number of processes or users and no direct revenue is attached to the system. A typical example is a customer-tracking system used by the employees within your company. In this case, the cost model is often created "in reverse" - meaning that you pilot the application, monitor the use (and costs) and that cost is held steady. This is where the comparison with an on-premise system becomes necessary, even though it is more difficult to estimate those on-premise true costs. For instance, do you know exactly how much cost the air conditioning is because you have a team of system administrators? This may sound trivial, but that, along with the insurance for the building, the wiring, and every other part of the system is in fact a cost to the business.
There are three primary methods that I've been successful with in estimating the cost. None are perfect, all are demand-driven. The general process is to lay out a matrix of:
- components
- units
- cost per unit
and then multiply that times the usage of the system, based on which components you use in the program. That sounds a bit simplistic, but using those metrics in a calculation becomes more detailed. In all of the methods that follow, you need to know your application. The components for a PaaS include computing instances, storage, transactions, bandwidth and in the case of SQL Azure, database size. In most cases, architects start with the first model and progress through the other methods to gain accuracy.
Simple Estimation
The simplest way to calculate costs is to architect the application (even UML or on-paper, no coding involved) and then estimate which of the components you'll use, and how much of each will be used. Microsoft provides two tools to do this - one is a simple slider-application located here: http://www.microsoft.com/windowsazure/pricing-calculator/
The other is a tool you download to create an "Return on Investment" (ROI) spreadsheet, which has the advantage of leading you through various questions to estimate what you plan to use, located here: https://roianalyst.alinean.com/msft/AutoLogin.do?d=176318219048082115
You can also just create a spreadsheet yourself with a structure like this:
|Program Element
|Azure Component
|Unit of Measure
|Cost Per Unit
|Estimated Use of Component
|Total Cost Per Component
|Cumulative Cost
Of course, the consideration with this model is that it is difficult to predict a system that is not running or hasn't even been developed. Which brings us to the next model type.
Measure and Project
A more accurate model is to actually write the code for the application, using the Software Development Kit (SDK) which can run entirely disconnected from Azure. The code should be instrumented to estimate the use of the application components, logging to a local file on the development system. A series of unit and integration tests should be run, which will create load on the test system.
You can use standard development concepts to track this usage, and even use Windows Performance Monitor counters. The best place to start with this method is to use the Windows Azure Diagnostics subsystem in your code, which you can read more about here: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sumitm/archive/2009/11/18/introducing-windows-azure-diagnostics.aspx This set of API's greatly simplifies tracking the application, and in fact you can use this information for more than just a cost model.
After you have the tracking logs, you can plug the numbers into ay of the tools above, which should give a representative cost or in some cases a unit cost.
The consideration with this model is that the SDK fabric is not a one-to-one comparison with performance on the actual Windows Azure fabric. Those differences are usually smaller, but they do need to be considered. Also, you may not be able to accurately predict the load on the system, which might lead to an architectural change, which changes the model. This leads us to the next, most accurate method for a cost model.
Sample and Estimate
Using standard statistical and other predictive math, once the application is deployed you will get a bill each month from Microsoft for your Azure usage. The bill is quite detailed, and you can export the data from it to do analysis, and using methods like regression and so on project out into the future what the costs will be. I normally advise that the architect also extrapolate a unit cost from those metrics as well. This is the information that should be reported back to the executives that pay the bills: the past cost, future projected costs, and unit cost "per click" or "per transaction", as your case warrants.
The challenge here is in the model itself - statistical methods are not foolproof, and the larger the sample (in this case I recommend the entire population, not a smaller sample) is key.
References and Tools
Other Tools:

subset: commoncrawl


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The Long Tail strategy and PIM
As promised at the end of one of my recent posts, let's have a closer look at the long tail approach and how PIM supports it. The driver for the long-tail model is customers expectations. In fact, they demand an increasingly larger and broader assortment of products through various online channels given that the shelf space is no longer a concern. The key insight here for independent retailers is that expanded offerings and selection can reveal demand that was otherwise not known to exist.
The benefit of a long-tail strategy is that products in the long tail can be sold against a higher margin. Aberdeen reports up to 29 % higher profits due to higher product margins in the long-tail assortment.
The challenges for many companies, however, is the actual management of large assortments. The graph below shows the relationship with the size of a company's assortments and having a PIM system.
It is remarkable to see that when the assortment increases to over one million SKUs there are no companies that do not have a PIM system.
How PIM supports the long tail has been clearly highlighted by Rolph Heiler, founder of Heiler Software (which has recently been acquired by Informatica):
Assortments are often restricted by the fact the product data cannot be efficiently maintained. A Product Information Management (PIM) systems enables dealers to setup and manage extremely large assortments, without rising costs for expanding their assortments.
End quote. The point is that for the first time 'dealers' are given a process and a tool to onboard data from suppliers and store it centrally before it is prepared and enriched for presentation purposes. However, as aptly pointed out by J. Abraham in his upcoming book (see references below), implementing a long-tail strategy entails much more than just onboarding data from suppliers to your PIM system, and the ability to technically manage larger assortments. More specifically, he observes that…
Processes have to be set up to manage the information in the PIM system. Price mechanisms have to be set up to manage the margin for which products are sold. Just adding 30 % margin to all products might be a simple thing to do, but it does not take into consideration the actual logistical costs, perceived product value by the customer, and competitors' prices. Likewise, when suppliers stop selling a product, the product also has to be removed from the assortment of the wholesaler or retailer.
Once a product is sold, the product has to be ordered, possibly repackaged at the company's warehouse and delivered to the customer. To do this, logistical processes have to be set up in the ERP system, especially when the ERP system does not yet know the product just sold. With the external and internal processes set up right, companies are able to expand their offering very fast. WarmteService for example was able to expand its offering from 20,000 products to 150,000 products in less than 1.5 years
End quote. This is a broader and more accurate view of the processes that need to be put in place to implement a successful long-tail strategy. As Ted Hurlbut put it, "The Long Tail is not an argument merely to carry broader assortments. It is not an argument to expand into unrelated categories that stretch customer's expectations and the retailer's core expertise. It is not just about capturing the add-on or plus sale. It is rather a demonstration that there is business to be done in carefully selected items that deepen assortments in a retailer's niche that appeal specifically to the customer's imagination."
In conclusion, it should be clear that the long-tail model is a compelling territory for innovative customer experiences*. PIM has a respectable place in the model insofar as it allows retailers to quickly respond to product demands by facilitating the creation of relevant assortments in a timely and efficient manner.
Drop shipping is an interesting example of long-tail strategy that will be analysed in one of the upcoming posts. Stay tuned!
– J. Abraham, Product Information Management, Management for Professionals, Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
– Aberdeen Group, The Instant Power of All-Channel PIM: Increased Sales and Competitiveness, December 2011.
– PIM for long-tail, Heiler whitepaper
*I am not a blind believer of The Long Tail. I see few grey areas that various authors have spelt out greatly. If there's interest, I will plan to extend on this fascinating subject.


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Candidate presented by: Dr. Robert Deahl, Dean of the College of Professional Studies
Richard Teerlink, is the retired chairman and chief executive officer of Milwaukee-based and internationally renowned Harley-Davidson Motor Company. During his eighteen years with Harley-Davidson, he served as chief financial officer, president, chief executive officer, and chairman of the board. He is author of the book, More Than a Motorcycle: The Leadership Journey at Harley-Davidson, published by Harvard Business School Press.
Mr. Teerlink's professional career and personal life are marked by a love for the accomplishments of others, a deep and abiding humility in the face of success, toughness in facing reality and transforming it into opportunity, and a lifelong commitment to leadership excellence. His vision of leadership places people at the center because, as Mr. Teerlink frequently states, "People are the organization's only sustainable competitive advantage."
Harley-Davidson hired Mr. Teerlink as vice president and chief financial officer in 1981 when Harley's leadership agreed to radically reshape the corporate culture. Over the next decade Mr. Teerlink provided the vision, commitment, and leadership that threw out standard management practices of command and control and replaced it with a set of operating principles and an organizational structure based on collaboration, teamwork, and mutual respect.
During Mr. Teerlink's tenure Harley-Davidson rebuilt its famous brand based on five core values: tell the truth, be fair, keep your promises, respect the individual, and encourage intellectual curiosity. As Peter Senge, founder and chair of the Society for Organizational Learning, states, "Because of Rich's commitment to build a company where people are the center of the enterprise rather than an 'input' or an 'expense,' Harley's brand has come to stand not just for 'made in America' but for people connecting with one another and a paradoxical "
Since retiring, Mr. Teerlink regularly speaks to corporations, organizations and educational institutions around the world. He supports numerous organizations committed to the development of people. He is a champion and advocate for Marquette University's College of Professional Studies, responsible for the unique educational partnership between Harley and the College that allows employees to pursue their degree in Leadership Studies at the corporate headquarters. This year marks
Because of his commitment to leadership excellence and to creating an ethos of service and lifelong learning throughout our community and our world, Richard F. Teerlink is commended for the Marquette University degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa.


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Are Some Chefs Tools?
We talk a lot about masculinity and the powerful symbology that meat-eating has within our culture here at The Discerning Brute. We also discuss how strongly the tools of meat preparation resonate with those seeking to exhibit masculine power. From big knives and sharp, heavy cleavers to tenderizers and grinders, this is nothing short of a shiny, dangerous arsenal designed to dismember, shred and slice flesh. And like the "Meat Business Rock Stars" banner that was flying at Brooklyn's Meatopia event, the message is often "beware".
Most recently, Esquire.com - known for their celebration of meat-induced masculinity, launched a new show called "Knife Fight". The ad that I've seen plastered up around New York City subways shows two tough-guy chefs, arms crossed, wielding knives with the bloody heads of pigs resting on cutting boards below them. This pig-head meme is a popular one, and it we see it within nearly every food publication and it has even bled into the art world. Most young chefs worth their weight in foie gras seem to line up for the opportunity to be photographed with a knife in one hand and a pig's head in the other, with a delicately blood-splattered apron, in moody, baroque lighting, riding a fine visual line between hero and villain.
The suggestions that images like these make are complicated. We are asked to think of the subjects as stoic and masculine - doing the hard work that must be done of bringing home the bacon - but we are also told, through eye contact and the readiness of their weapons, that they can harm or kill, which is a clear performance of power, telling us to take heed. The head of the pig is displayed as the centerpiece and focal point in images like this, like the recent New York Times article, "The Proper Way to Eat a Pig", where the subject is photographed with the head on a platter. Whether or not it's an homage to Caravaggio's Beheading of St. John the Baptist, we are asked to recognize the face as a primary element, and like our own human face, to see it as the sacred vessel of personality. To acknowledge and celebrate the face is to both acknowledge that the pig was a subject of perception; one who had an inner life. And it is in this celebration of the face that we find one of the most perplexing disconnects of carnism. The head then becomes the ultimate sacrifice, and is transformed into a ritualistic object. Like the Korean pig head ritual, it grants power to those using it. This visual is used to shock because it is shocking to see the victim's face. It is intended to disgust because there is subconscious desirability around the power of doling out that which is gruesome.
Ultimately, all of the drama, mood and posturing in an effort to showcase power collapses under one simple fact that Carol Adams pointed out so eloquently: it is only a performance of power against the already powerless.


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Adv. No. 99-80072
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'Matching Tattoos? Hell No! What Happens if We Break Up?' — Tiki Barber's Take
The reaction to Tiki Barber's few first columns was pretty awesome. Then the former NFL star kicked it up a notch, and decided to take on a myriad of other issues. Today, Tiki answers questions about turning 30, matching tattoos, old friends and gigantism. This is Tiki Barber's Take.
"I'm turning 30 next month. I'm looking to have one last major blowout with friends before I crawl quietly into old age. Any suggestions on how to spend the final days of my youth?" -- Sam, almost 30, Michigan
First of all, "you're only as old as you feel" is a cliché for a reason! You are nowhere near old, my friend. I just turned 38 myself, so I know the angst you may be feeling, but it's premature to get worried.
Your 30s are your prime years! You've spent your 20s getting to know who you are, what you want, and who qualifies as a trusted friend. You have officially "grown up!"
As you celebrate that transition, I suggest not falling back on what you know and have done -- bar crawls, strip clubs and the like. Instead, start dabbling in the joys of early middle age.
Treat yourself: Spend some money and buy something that you will get great utility out of, like a expensive watch, or a tailor-made suit. Something that, when you put it on, will make you feel confident about yourself and where you're going in life.
Grab the aforementioned group of trusted friends -- it will have shrunken from the "everyone's your beer buddy" days -- and have a dinner party with the best bottles of wine you can find. Invite your close family, and bask in the stories of you. The only way to appreciate and be appreciated by those whose shoulders you've stood on to get to this point, is to spend time with them on the occasions that matter.
"My girlfriend won't stop mentioning the idea of getting matching tattoos. I'm against it, I've told her as much, but she thinks it's the best idea. How do I tell her no for the hundredth time?" -- Danny, 21, St. Louis
There are so many ways to answer this one, but since I have a tattoo that sort of matches one of my wife's (operative word being wife here), I can speak from experience.
The obvious fear and initial reaction is "Hell no...what happens if we break up?" That actually is the only answer that you need. However, if you're looking to be diplomatic, here is how I would suggest going about it.
Explain to her that your body is your temple. That it is sacred to you - albeit, loaned to her on occassion - and that if you are going to permanently ink yourself, then it has to be something that is precious to you. For instance, I have "PLAY PROUD" tattooed up my right ribcage (yes, it hurt like a b*tch), because it is something my mother used to say to my brother and I before every game that we played, and it took on a special meaning.
Tell her that you all have so much growing left to do as a couple, and that it would be a disservice to your relationship if you prematurely and arbitrarily got inked with something that wasn't personal to both of you together.
That should give you time to decide if you're ready to make her your wife.
"I'm friends with a guy who I've known since elementary school. Our friendship is going on thirty years but we've got ZERO in common anymore. I feel bad just cutting him loose. What should I do?" -- Steve, 34, New Jersey
I would suggest not cutting your friend loose, but slowly and naturally let the relationship ebb. Sometime people grow apart and your lives go in different directions; that doesn't mean that you have to sever ties.
This is where the value of social networking gains significance. You never know when someone that you have had a previous relationship with will become valuable again, whether it be for personal or professional reasons.
I think the best route is to be honest, and say "hey look, _____, my life is really in transition now, and I have a lot on my plate. Let's catch up sometime in the future." From there, since you left it open, there is no obligation and you can reconnect when you feel the time is right.
Never burn a bridge, because you never know when you'll have to cross the river again.
Would you rather be 4'5" or 7'7" tall? I'm not sure this will help anyone, but it's fun to discuss.
I would definitely rather be 7'7''!!
Yes, I'd be awkward and stand out everywhere that I went, but there happens to be a little organization that would give me a high paying job for a few years...the NBA! LOL.
Got a question for the former NFL star? Send it to chris [@] guyspeed [dot] com.
Tiki Barber is the all-time leading rusher in New York Giants history and a 3x Pro Bowler. He is the co-founder and chairman of Thuzio, an online marketplace to connect the public with professional athletes for appearances, coaching, speaking and unique fan experiences. He was a correspondent for NBC and currently co-hosts CBS Sports radio's weekday morning show. Tiki graduated from the University of Virginia with a concentration in Management Information Systems.