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On the day Muaz Haffar was to appear in court, spectators packed the room.
The muscle-bound son of a prosperous suburban physician, the 21-year-old was accused of smashing in the head of a university student with a U-shaped bike lock, even as horrified residents of a campus community implored him to stop.
But the defendant didn't appear at Chicago's grim criminal court building on that July afternoon in 2005. Haffar had flown 6,000 miles away to Syria, where his mother lives and his family owns extensive property. Six months later, a grainy Internet video showed Haffar partying in a tailored shirt and slacks at a Damascus nightclub.
Haffar's plane ticket to freedom was bought by his father, a suburban businessman and doctor, according to two law enforcement sources involved in the investigation. And government records and interviews show that one of Haffar's older brothers accompanied him on at least the first leg of his journey out of Chicago.
The Haffar case is one of nearly a dozen identified by the Tribune in which close relatives are believed to have helped suspects in murders, rapes and other crimes flee across America's borders by giving them rides to the airport, money or shelter along the way, a Tribune investigation found.
In most states, relatives can be charged with a crime for aiding fugitives, but not in Illinois and 13 others. Here, under state law, no matter how heinous the fugitive's alleged offense, authorities cannot charge a "husband, wife, parent, child, brother or sister" with concealing or aiding a fugitive.
Advocates say it would be inhumane and unnatural to expect a person to surrender a close relative to authorities.
But critics say the family exemption encourages criminals to recruit relatives who can help them flee or conceal evidence with impunity, and prevents law enforcement from using the threat of charges to get information.
Nabil Haffar told the Tribune he didn't buy his son's plane ticket and has had no contact with Muaz since he became a fugitive. But he defended his son's decision to flee, calling him a victim in a fight that ended in death for student Tombol Malik.
"I support him," Nabil Haffar said. "I think he did the right thing because if he stays (in the U.S.), he will not receive justice. ... I would do the same if it happened to me."
The U.S. Marshals Service, which now leads most fugitive manhunts, at first expressed confidence that Haffar would be returned to face justice, and media attention to the case drew the involvement of then-Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Illinois' powerful U.S. Sen. Dick Durbin.
But Syria has no extradition treaty with the U.S., and top government and military officials there have refused to hand over the fugitive to American authorities. Even without a treaty, countries can extradite criminal suspects if they choose, but Syria has sent only one defendant back to the U.S. for trial since 2003 — a suspect returned to Pennsylvania last year to face narcotics charges, according to Justice Department records.
Syrian authorities did not respond to requests for comment.
By December 2006, Haffar had changed his name to Omar Al-Sawwaf and formally become a Syrian citizen, a State Department email and other records and interviews show.
'Remember this face!'
Born in California, Muaz Haffar at 21 was working in the Oak Lawn gas station and mini-mart co-owned by his divorced father while taking classes at a string of local colleges. He drove a Mercedes his father bought him and lived in the family's home in Burr Ridge.
Haffar liked to grab a six-pack and fish for bluegills and bass in the small lake behind his father's home, said Mantas Matulis, a friend from high school. Standing 5 feet 5 inches and weighing 150 pounds, Muaz was a competitive weightlifter with a bull neck whose friends called him "Moose."
In July 2005, as a Friday night stretched toward Saturday morning, Haffar and Matulis were hanging out at a loft owned by Haffar's father in a campuslike collection of condo buildings near the University of Illinois at Chicago.
After they "had a few beers," Matulis told the Tribune, he and Haffar stepped outside to smoke Marlboro Lights. That's when UIC political science major Tombol Malik and a friend left a nearby party and strolled past with their bikes.
The son of a Sudanese research psychologist who studied at the University of Chicago, Malik grew up in Hyde Park as the playful and intuitive youngest child. The 23-year-old used his sister's old Pentax to capture street scenes of Chinatown and the stockyards district, joined peaceful demonstrations against the Iraq War and served as a court advocate for troubled youths.
As Malik and his friend Anthony Popelka walked their bicycles that night, Popelka noticed that Matulis was bleeding from the head and asked if he needed help, according to Popelka's later court testimony.
Matulis shouted, "What the (expletive) is it to you?" and punched Popelka in the face, knocking him to the ground, Popelka told police. Popelka said that when he looked up, he saw Haffar pounding Malik's head into the sidewalk with a bike lock.
Several residents and two security guards reported seeing Haffar on top of an unconscious Malik, smashing the lock into his face.
Haffar stood, kicked Malik's head and shouted, "Look at your boy now!" according to witnesses. "Remember this face!" Haffar allegedly said, pointing to himself.
Matulis also reportedly kicked Malik before he and Haffar ran. They were quickly caught by police.
Malik was pronounced dead at Stroger Hospital within an hour. His face and head were literally caved in; he had at least six skull fractures from more than 10 separate blows, with no defensive wounds.
At a bond hearing that lasted only minutes, prosecutors asked the judge not to release Haffar on bail. But because it was a Sunday, court records show, they couldn't get evidence from the medical examiner about the severity of Malik's injuries — information that would speak to the danger Haffar might pose if released.
Cook County Judge Maura Slattery Boyle set bail at $900,000, meaning Haffar had to raise $90,000, or 10 percent, to get out of jail.
Prosecutors did not ask the court to confiscate Haffar's passport or place restrictions on his travel, according to a transcript of the hearing.
In Chicago, Haffar's father quickly put together the $90,000 bail bond by drawing $25,000 from the Oak Lawn gas station he co-owned and raising the rest from relatives and private accounts. Over the protests of Malik's family, Haffar was freed from Cook County Jail less than two days after the July 9 incident.
Haffar returned to his father's home in Burr Ridge. According to Tribune interviews and records, he told his family and friends that his broken left forearm and swollen right hand had been injured while he was staving off blows — not beating Malik to death.
Haffar decided not to offer that defense in court. On July 26, two days before his next court appearance, Haffar boarded an Air France flight from Houston to Paris, according to a federal warrant.
He arrived at Damascus International Airport on July 27, according to an email sent by a State Department diplomatic security official involved in the search for Haffar.
When Haffar failed to show up for his Chicago court appearance, his sister Noor Haffar indicated to reporters that the family had no idea where he was. "Nobody has been able to get ahold of him. ... I hope he's OK," she said.
But Haffar's father said in a subsequent civil court deposition that Muaz's brother Mohammad Amin Haffar had accompanied Muaz on the first leg of his journey as he made his escape from Chicago, the Tribune found.
Investigators later learned that Nabil Haffar had bought Muaz's plane ticket, according to two law enforcement sources who discussed some case details on the condition that they not be identified.
Spotted on video
With the suspect in Syria, the Malik family turned to trying to get him returned as well as tracking down who helped him flee.
On July 29, Malik's family filed a wrongful death lawsuit, engaging the Chicago law firm of Corboy & Demetrio to draft subpoenas to Haffar's father and other relatives and depose them under oath about what they knew of Haffar's flight and whereabouts.
Deputy U.S. Marshal Paul Peroutka, who took charge of the manhunt, cautioned the Maliks that the best strategy was not to let Haffar know he was being pursued, in the hopes that he might relax and make a mistake that would allow authorities to apprehend him, according to the Malik family's account.
Peroutka expressed confidence that the marshals would bring back Haffar, the family said, at one point assuring them and their attorney that Haffar would be captured in days or perhaps a week.
Against their instinct to push and publicize the case, the Malik family stood down.
Their hopes were stoked in the autumn of 2005 when a Syrian police general told the State Department diplomatic security official that his agents had staked out a gym and a mosque, as well as Haffar's family in Damascus. The Americans quietly confirmed that Syrian plainclothes agents conducted surveillance on the homes of the relatives, according to the U.S. official, who gave his account on the condition that he not be named.
U.S. authorities had traced telephone calls to Syria from Chicago-area phones associated with the Haffar family, according to a law enforcement source. But the Americans and Syrians still didn't know where Haffar was living in Syria.
It was the Malik family that unearthed a critical lead by finding a January 2006 Internet video of Haffar at the Mar Mar nightclub in Damascus. U.S. authorities quickly confirmed that the stocky man waving a cigarette on the edge of a crowded dance floor was Haffar.
The video had been posted on a Yahoo! News night life website, but the Malik family wanted to bring it to the attention of Chicago news reporters, hoping to re-energize the fugitive hunt and elicit more tips.
Peroutka again advised against it, writing in an email: "I can't stress enough how ABSOLUTELY IMPERATIVE it is that your family takes NO ACTION. ... There are many things going on in the background. If knowledge of the existence of this video clip were to reach the Haffar family, either in the U.S. or Syria, it would greatly hamper the investigation."
But as days turned into weeks with no visible progress, Peroutka told the Malik family in March 2006 that he was out of ideas, according to the family's account. The Maliks decided to alert Chicago news outlets to the video.
Once the news broke, Peroutka applied for a federal warrant for Haffar's arrest for flight to avoid prosecution.
Peroutka, who now works in the Treasury Department, declined to discuss the case.
The U.S. Marshals Service, also declined to comment. In an email, the service said reporters' queries contained "sensitive law enforcement investigative information, which should have not been released or provided, and may compromise the continuing effort" to bring Haffar back to face justice in Cook County.
Around the time Haffar formally became a Syrian citizen at the end of 2006, Syrian officials detained him, said they wanted to try him in Damascus for the Chicago murder and asked for America's evidence against him.
According to law enforcement sources, the Cook County state's attorney's office declined to participate or provide evidence, fearing a corrupt member of the Syrian regime might engineer an acquittal, and American judges could then rule that U.S. "double jeopardy" laws barred Cook County from prosecuting Haffar twice for the same charge.
Haffar's father told the Tribune that a Syrian court determined his son acted in self-defense and exonerated him. "They found him not guilty. It was self-defense," he said. "They let him go."
U.S. officials said they have no reason to believe a trial was actually carried out in Syria. But they acknowledge that Haffar is now free to travel within that country. "The only way we have any chance of getting Haffar is if he leaves the country," a Cook County prosecutor wrote in one email obtained by the Tribune.
In an interview at Dixon Correctional Center, where he is scheduled to serve two more years for second-degree murder for his part in the killing of Tombol Malik, Matulis told Tribune reporters that Haffar couldn't have been acting in self-defense as he pounded Malik's helpless body.
"When a guy doesn't fight back, he doesn't fight back. If there's no more danger, there's no reason to keep going," Matulis said.
As time passed, the contact between the Malik family and Peroutka became less frequent or encouraging. On Aug. 21, 2008, the Malik family attorney emailed Peroutka asking for any news. Peroutka's one-line response came about two hours later: "Unfortunately I am not at liberty to discuss an ongoing fugitive investigation."
Today, with unrest in Syria throwing the status of Syrian President Bashar Assad's government into question, U.S. State Department officials told the Tribune in a statement that they "hope for positive changes to the political situation in Syria that would allow for the return of Haffar to the United States to face justice."
In the U.S., the Malik family eventually won a $4 million default judgment against Muaz Haffar, although they have little hope of collecting that money. What they want most of all is for Haffar to be tried in an American courtroom.
But six years after the murder, the victim's relatives say they feel misled, then abandoned by the Marshals Service, the lead government agency in the manhunt.
"It's like there wasn't enough political will," said Malik's sister Shiera. "We want the U.S. Marshals Service and the State Department to know that we are still here and we are not going anywhere."
For his part, Haffar's father said he prays for his son's safety and hopes he is living a normal life.
Muaz, he said, "enjoys the protection of the Syrian government and they have nothing against him. I don't think he has the feeling that he should worry about it."
email@example.com it."


text:
Science on the NATHANIEL B. PALMER
Life Aboard
#19 July 14, 2004
#18 July 11, 2004
#17 July 6, 2004
#16 July 5, 2004
#15 June 30, 2004
#14 June 27, 2004
#13 June 23, 2004
Bouvet Island
#12 June 20, 2004
#10 June 16-17, 2004
South Sandwich Islands
#9 June 13, 2004
#8 June 9-10, 2004
#7 June 4-6, 2004
#4 May 26, 2004
#3 May 23, 2004
#2 May 19, 2004
#1 May 16, 2004
Punta Arenas, Chile
May 14, 2004
Visiting Islands in the Atlantic Ocean
June 16, 2004
South Sandwich Islands
May 30, 2004
Falkland Islands
May 26, 2004
Science on the NATHANIEL B. PALMER
June 24-26, 2004
June 15, 2004
May 30, 2004
Questions & Answers
The forbidding Bouvet Island is about 1,000 miles from other land and is completely inhospitable
Bouvet has a reputation as a bad spot for weather, and it is living up to that. We have not worked since yesterday evening owing to high winds and the seas that came with them; it's too rough to work safely over the side and on deck. Right now we are sheltering behind the east side of the island, and winds are gusting to about 50 kts with seas accordingly high. At the end of the last tow, while it was being sorted on the after deck, we had water knee deep coming over the stern - so high that the watch was climbing on the sorting tables to avoid it, despite having knee boots and foul weather gear on. So, we wait it out. The barometer has come up a bit and we have hopes things will improve, but that takes time. Meanwhile, we read, eat, try to write, or work on projects started, eat some more, or rack out. It's boring, but in some ways a useful pause in the action.
A midwater eel pout (Melanistigma gelatinosus), not a true eel, is just one of the critters collected off Bouvet Island.
Well, the winds and seas came down for long enough to get in two grabs and two trawls, but then went back up, so we're waiting behind the island now, jogging back and forth, waiting for the weather to improve.
Saturday, 26 June:
More of the same, only now we're mapping the bathymetry because we'd like to trawl here. We can't, though, because the winds are too high for the bridge to be able to keep the ship on course at the relatively low speeds at which we trawl (2-3 kts). I was able to get a good view of the base of this side of the island, though (visibility ceiling is about 200 feet), and all I can say is I doubt anyone will ever land there - sheer, ice-covered cliffs and a glacier.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A new US yield conundrum ?
Weekly markets analysis from experts of Natixis AM's Fixed Income investment division.
/// Key Points of the week
- US upturn in sight, post flat GDP in 1Q14
- Fed tapering continues, ECB easing possible this week ?
- T-Notes should start factoring in good news, hold long Bund bias


text:
Expectant Mother Will Let the Good People of the Internet Name Her Baby for $5,000
They say it takes a village to raise a child, but who knew the same applied to naming it?
Natasha Hill, a 26-year-old teacher from Los Angeles, has won a Belly Ballot contest in which she will let other people name her soon-to-be born baby in exchange for $5,000.
Hill said she plans to pay off her credit debt and sock away the remaining funds into a college fund, although she might want to save some cash if the kid is saddled with a name like Over The. Get it? Like Over The Hill?
Actually, there will be a pool of names voters can choose and Hill says she isn't too worried about something too off-the-wall winning, adding, ""I think people will do the right thing and vote for something unique and nice." Her boyfriend, however, is pretty worried.
While some people may think it's kind of risky to let your pride and joy be named by a total stranger, one group is downright angry about it, labeling Hill's actions nothing more than "irresponsible parenting."


text:
Getting real about resilience
Results and recommendations from a joint EY/100RC study on how cities can build resilience thinking into their infrastructure projects.
Government & Public Sector
Doing more with less
Policy-makers are operating in a rapidly-changing world. Shifting demographics, mobility and climate change are just a few of the long-term and systemic trends challenging and reshaping 21st century government.
And with finances tight, growth stalling and unemployment high, the legacy of the financial crisis continues to play out across borders.
Our Government and Public Sector practice aims to be the preferred partner in driving transformational change for governments around the world. In countries large and small, developed and emerging, we understand the issues and can provide you solutions that will have lasting impact.
We help governments succeed in a changing world.
- Incorporating globalization into strategic planning
Globalization has had a significant impact on governments, creating much greater interconnection between problems, ideas and solutions. A nation's economic policy is no longer confined within its own borders but instead forms one link of a larger chain.
We understand these issues and can help you manage projects, taking into account the complex problems and opportunities of globalization.
Related materials:
- Managing population and environmental shifts
Countries large and small, rich and poor, are facing challenges such as aging populations, urbanization, climate change and the need for new infrastructure.
Let us work with you to develop a strategy for these complex, long-term and systematic issues.
Related materials:
- Stimulating economic growth with entrepreneurs
Entrepreneurs are crucial for a sustainable economy and policy-makers have a key role to play to encourage business growth. Governments can do this by providing the right platform for growth through effective policies, regulation and incentives.
We support entrepreneurship. Our annual EY World Entrepreneur Of The Year award spotlights the best and brightest.
Related materials:
- Doing more with less
The financial crisis has left policy-makers tasked with delivering public services with fewer resources and at a time of rising citizen expectations. Improving efficiency, productivity and finding better ways to provide services remain priorities around the world.
Are you doing the best you can with your strained resources? We can help.
Related materials:
Connect with us
Stay connected with us through social media, email alerts or webcasts.


text:
Correction Appended
WASHINGTON, March 5 — The former federal prosecutor in Maryland said Monday that he was forced out in early 2005 because of political pressure stemming from public corruption investigations involving associates of the state's governor, a Republican.
"There was direct pressure not to pursue these investigations," said the former prosecutor, Thomas M. DiBiagio. "The practical impact was to intimidate my office and shut down the investigations."
Mr. DiBiagio, a controversial figure who clashed with a number of Maryland politicians, had never publicly discussed the reasons behind his departure. But he agreed to an interview with The New York Times because he said he was concerned about what he saw as similarities with the recent firings of eight United States attorneys.
As in those cases, there are conflicting accounts of the circumstances that led to Mr. DiBiagio's ouster. The Justice Department disputes his version.
His office had been looking into whether associates of Gov. Robert L. Ehrlich Jr. had improperly funneled money from gambling interests to promote legalized slot machines in Maryland. Mr. DiBiagio said that several prominent Maryland Republicans had pressed him to back away from the inquiries and that one conversation had so troubled him that he reported it to an F.B.I. official as a threat.Continue reading the main story
But he said that the Justice Department had offered little support and that that made it "impossible for me to stay."
Several current and former officials in the Baltimore office said Mr. DiBiagio voiced concerns in 2004 that the corruption inquiries were jeopardizing his career, a view that they shared.
The Justice Department rejected Mr. DiBiagio's explanation. An official in the department, David Margolis, said he told Mr. DiBiagio in 2004 that he had to leave because "we had lost confidence in him."
Mr. Margolis said the prosecutor's harsh management style had caused resentments in the office that ran "wide and deep" and called "an absolute fairy tale" the idea that Mr. DiBiagio's departure was tied to the gambling case or any other investigation.
Mr. Ehrlich, who was defeated for re-election in November, denied any involvement in Mr. DiBiagio's departure and said there was nothing to the gambling investigations.
Like Mr. DiBiagio, several of the newly departing prosecutors were overseeing sensitive political corruption investigations when they left office.
The controversy over the dismissals continued to grow on Monday, as the head of the Justice Department office that oversees prosecutors stepped down, a watchdog group filed an ethics complaint, and House and Senate committees prepared for testimony on Tuesday from some of the ousted prosecutors.
Because Mr. Ehrlich was the sole statewide Republican in Maryland at the time of Mr. DiBiagio's appointment in 2001, he had a critical role in recommending him to the White House for the position.
Mr. DiBiagio, a former assistant prosecutor, was a political unknown, but he and the governor had become friends as young lawyers in Maryland. The bond disintegrated soon after the prosecutor took office.
Mr. Ehrlich and his advisers acknowledged on Monday that they were unhappy with Mr. DiBiagio's handling of an earlier corruption investigation that led to the indictment in 2003 of Mr. Ehrlich's state police superintendent, Edward R. Norris, over his misuse of police money.
The gambling investigation caused less concern in the governor's office because officials there considered it without merit, Mr. Ehrlich said. But because of lingering suspicions in Maryland political circles that Mr. Ehrlich's people had a hand in Mr. DiBiagio's departure in early 2005, a longtime aide to the governor, Jervis Finney, called Mr. DiBiagio a few months ago to deny any involvement, Mr. Finney said.
Mr. Finney said in an interview Monday that he wanted to "clean things up" and to let Mr. DiBiagio know that "neither Gov. Bob Ehrlich or his representatives had asked the Department of Justice to push him out."
Mr. DiBiagio said he did not accept the explanation.
"I believe it was that investigation that played an integral role in what was done to me," Mr. DiBiagio, now at a law firm here, said about the gambling inquiries. "I clearly got the message that I had alienated my political sponsor and I would not have any political support to stay another term. Clearly, they wanted me to leave."
Mr. DiBiagio pointed to tense conversations in 2003 and 2004 with advisers to the governor who, he said, intimated that the corruption investigations could derail his career. He would not name them publicly.
The former prosecutor said he was particularly troubled by one visit in June 2004 in which, he said, a lawyer allied with the governor said the gambling inquiries were disrupting legislative consideration of the slots question and should be shut down.
Mr. DiBiagio said the lawyer inquired about his political future, asked whether he was interested in being a judge and suggested that his life could be closely scrutinized.
Mr. DiBiagio said he described the conversation in a memorandum for his records and reported it to an official of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Baltimore as a possible threat.
Soon after the meeting, Mr. DiBiagio told a Justice Department official in Washington about his office's gambling investigation and said, "Powerful politicians and businessmen are very upset that we are looking into this matter," according to an e-mail message that The Times reviewed.
In the gambling investigation, prosecutors secured a grand jury subpoena for the records of Mr. Ehrlich's communications director, Paul E. Schurick.
Investigators were said to be interested in tracing substantial payments made by a gambling company to a political marketing business in Maryland with ties to Maryland Republicans, people involved in the issue said.
Mr. Ehrlich said Monday that he had no knowledge of any improper transactions to support the slots initiative, and he said the investigation was unfounded.
"I've been for slots for 20 years," he said. "It wasn't any shock that I was for slots. There wasn't anything to this."
The investigation appears to have ended after Mr. DiBiagio left office in January 2005.
In Maryland law enforcement circles, Mr. DiBiagio had as many detractors as supporters. The Justice Department publicly rebuked him in mid-2004 over a leaked memorandum that spoke of his desire to bring three "front page" corruption cases before November, a memorandum widely interpreted in Baltimore as an effort to pursue Democrats.
In response, the department said all public corruption cases in Maryland would have to obtain approval by superiors in Washington. Soon, the department initiated an unscheduled performance review of Mr. DiBiagio. Mr. Margolis said the review had shown deep resentment over the prosecutor's aggressive management.
Several officials in the Baltimore prosecutor's office said that although Mr. DiBiagio had been an unpopular manager, the timing of the events leading to his departure appeared to be linked, at least partly, to the corruption investigations.
"We had several investigations that were very sensitive publicly, and what did him in was the probes into prominent Republicans," said a former official involved in the inquiries who insisted on anonymity.
The state's attorney in Baltimore, Patricia C. Jessamy, who worked often with Mr. DiBiagio, said she believed that he had alienated too many important people to succeed.
"He was a good prosecutor," she said. "But he did not play politics well, and that was his downfall."
A front-page article on March 6 about Thomas DiBiagio, who said that he was forced out as the federal prosecutor in Maryland in 2005 because of political pressure stemming from investigations involving associates of then Gov. Robert Ehrlich Jr., referred incorrectly to the office Mr. Ehrlich held in 2001, when he recommended Mr. DiBiagio for appointment. He was a Republican member of Congress. He was not Maryland's sole statewide Republican officeholder.


text:
Linux Command Line For Beginners: Finding Help Documents
Helping Yourself to Help
The Linux command-line can appear pretty complicated and occasionally even a little alarming. But it also offers a whole stack of helpful documentation which you can access directly from the command-line. Read on to learn how to help yourself when – or even before – you get stuck.
A question you may have quite early on in your command-line exploration is: is there a command that does the thing I want to do? apropos is here to help. Manual pages (I'll discuss these in more detail below) are available for almost all Linux commands, and include a short description of the command. apropos searches this for the string you provide. So
apropos datewill output every command that has the word "date" in its name or its short description, as in this Figure 1.
This is helpful if you know that there is a command a bit like [whatever] but can't quite remember it; or if you're looking for a command to do a particular task. If you find a command that might be what you're after, but you're not sure, try checking its manual page (see next page).
If you know what command you want to use, and you know roughly how it works, but you've forgotten the details, then the option --help may be useful. For example, try the command:
du --helpto get information on what options you can use with the du command (this gives you information about disk usage). In some cases the help output may be too long for the screen: in this case try:
du --help | moreand press the space key to scroll down through the information.
- Skip Ahead
- 1. Helping Yourself to Help
- 2. Helping Yourself to Help
- 3. Helping Yourself to Help


text:
AWS Product Advertising Api, multiple customer account, per ip knowledge
Budget ₹75000-150000 INR
i need a software that register multiple customer account keys. Do some basic queries. Developer has to consider the main 1 request per second per ip constraint. have to handle cache very carefully.
only bid if you understand the road blocks. please mention what will be approach. only valid approach will be given this project.
if you are able to do this project. there is another one with same budget.
16 freelancers are bidding on average ₹128408 for this job
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Querying the product advertising API and save results in MySQL database instead of caching, to reduce the requests made to the API. Adding checkers to prevent exceeding the limit rates for the API. Relevant Skills and More
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text:
1. Franchising as a career alternative is set to explode.
Franchise consulting firm FranNet saw business booming in the latter half of 2012. As of December, the company expected to finish the year at an all-time high, with about $14 million in gross revenue, up 44% year over year. FranNet had a 30% to 40% increase in clients looking to open their own franchise, says president and COO Jania Bailey.
The company expects 2013 to be another record year.
"We do not foresee a surge in hiring from corporate America," Bailey says. "We expect the high unemployment to continue due to the uncertainty of new regulations, tax issues and mandated health care. Many former executives are realizing that they will not have the job they have been looking for over the past several months. These executives are turning to franchise ownership as a career alternative."
There is also a lot of interest in franchising from younger people due to the lack of jobs. "These young people are getting out of college and cannot find employment. We see a lot of parents exploring franchising for their college graduates," Bailey says.
The International Franchise Association is not quite as optimistic. The trade association predicted the number of franchise establishments in the U.S. will increase by just 1.4% in 2013, short of the 1.5% growth in 2012, from 746,828 to 757,055 units.
Franchise output is expected to rise 4.3% this year to $802 billion, down from 4.9% growth in 2012, according to the IFA.
Franchisors and prospective investors are cautious given the turmoil in Washington as well as a mediocre macroeconomic outlook, the IFA says.
"The basic indicators of the health of the franchise sector will show a slight slowdown," the IFA said in December. "Yet the franchise sector will continue to do well within the industries where franchise businesses are concentrated."
To be sure, financing also continues to be a challenge, Bailey says, particularly for high-end concepts, yet "we have seen lending start to loosen in many areas of the country and we are hopeful this will continue to improve," she notes.
2. Are you prepared for the 1099-K?
While the Internal Revenue Service took measures last year to ease burdens placed on small businesses by 1099-K filing requirements, that form is still causing loads of stress.
"Small-business owners need to be prepared for the 1099-K form. It shows what their revenue for the past year has been. If the revenue figures reported by a business in their tax return do not match the 1099-K, it is a trigger for the IRS to issue an audit. As we all know, audits are no fun! So it is crucial to make sure your tax return numbers match your 1099-K," Outright.com CEO Steven Aldrich says.
Additionally, starting this month, payment processors have to withhold taxes at 28% for any small business that does not have a tax identification number. This is because they can't issue 1099-Ks to people without TINs, Aldrich says.
"As we can see, the 1099-K is just as crucial in 2013 as it was in 2012. It is imperative that small-business owners keep track of it and ensure their records are in order," he says.
3. Going "glocal."
The term "glocalism" means the adaptation of a product or service to each location or culture in which it is sold. Glocalism also signifies how regional businesses can be altered by events that take place far away," according to a report by Colloquy.
"The country's sluggish economy and ongoing stagnation have slowed growth, particularly in the food-service industry, and also profitability, as customers demand more for less. It's harder to increase sales in the U.S.," says Andy Axelrod, president of Love and Quiches Desserts in Freeport, N.Y.
"The flip side is that the weaker dollar is good for exporting, which is booming. For companies such as mine that have an active exporting division, this is a continuing and growing opportunity in the face of a lackluster domestic economy," Axelrod says.
Going glocal presents challenges as well as opportunities.
Tracy Benson, CEO of On the Same Page, a consulting firm, says companies doing business globally need to invest time and energy to understand how to make their products and services relevant to their customers in specific countries.
The thinking also applies to global workforces. "Understanding local needs, customs and perceptions allows leaders to customize changes, processes and initiatives that resonate with the people carrying them out," Benson says.
4. Health = wealth
Changing demographics and rising health-care costs have created a health-and-wellness economy. What separates aging baby boomers from previous generations is that they will live for a much longer time and continue to be a viable part of the spending economy.
Companies are already nudging and rewarding employees to live healthier by implementing wellness programs.
The trend also creates opportunities to partner with retailers and brands to support healthy customer behaviors with related rewards for small businesses, a Colloquy report says.
Customer initiatives can, for example, offer access to a free tai chi class or a coupon for calcium supplements, Colloquy says.
5. Customer service gets back to the basics.
Jerry Nettuno, founder and CEO of Schedulicity, a tool that allows small businesses to offer online appointment scheduling, says "old-fashioned customer service" will once again become en vogue for small businesses that are supported by digital tools.
During the rocky economic environment of the past four years, small-business owners turned to risky, and untested, marketing methods, such as partnering with daily deal companies, in an attempt to garner new clientele," Nettuno says. "In doing so, customer service began to take a back seat to customer acquisition."
This year, there will be a "steady return to traditional, old-fashioned client service, empowered with new digital tools, such as mobile scheduling and coupons, online sentiment tracking and mobile credit-card processing," he says.
The tools will expedite non-core business functions and allow service professionals to focus 100% on delivering great client service, he adds.
Dan Wernikoff, senior vice president and general manager of Intuit's (INTU) Financial Management Solutions division, says more small businesses will use customer feedback to drive the bottom line.
"With the presence of more social media channels than ever, in 2013, small businesses will start using customer feedback gathered through Facebook, Twitter and others, to influence business decisions. By harnessing the power of their networks, small businesses will be able to make small- to large-scale changes to give their customers what they really want," Wernikoff says.
6. Major clouds ahead
"The businesses that were up and running shortly after tornadoes and hurricanes were those that did most of their business online," while those that had their information stored on computers in their offices lost nearly everything," says Barry Sloane, CEO of Newtek (NEWT). "Look for businesses and families to put most of their critical information online where it's safe and easily accessible."
According to the IBM 2012 Tech Trends Report, which surveyed 1,200 professionals who make technology decisions for their organization, nearly two-thirds of respondents plan to increase their company investments in cloud-based technology.
"We expect cloud to become even more ubiquitous among [small businesses] over the next year," says Ed Abrams, vice president of marketing and strategy for small businesses at IBM (IBM).
More and more, small businesses are seeing the cloud as a way to grow business and access advanced technologies that once seemed affordable only for larger competitors, Abrams says.
The tools can be delivered with so-called usage pricing models, which means small businesses don't have to pay for the cost of the software upfront and can essentially rent these advanced tech tools on a monthly or annual basis, Abrams says.
Small businesses will be armed with "insights and capabilities once only available to corporate giants, creating new ways to operate more efficiently, find new customers and improve bottom-line results," he says.
Additionally, by implementing a cost-effective, flexible, scalable platform, businesses can shift budget and resources to more strategic business investments.
"All of this is critical over the next 12 months as [small businesses] look to drive their own business security and growth, and as they look to differentiate themselves in an increasingly crowded marketplace," he says.
7. Tablets will become must-have devices for small businesses.
"While mobile technology and solutions have taken center stage in 2012, the prevalence of tablets in 2013 will alter how small businesses manage day-to-day tasks," according to Intuit.


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Celebrating illustration, design, cartoon and comic art of the mid-20th century.
Tuesday, April 06, 2010
Sheilah Beckett: First Lady of the Cooper Studio
"I was the first woman Chuck ever took on."
Sheilah began working as an illustrator immediately. "I had my own work doing children's books and I took on what ads Chuck could get me. The salesmen were great."
Describing her work space at Coopers she says, "I had a very small, very nice studio right next to Chuck. Every person there had his own room. It was just the most ideal situation for an artist. Just heaven!"
Sheilah seems to have had some steady accounts through Coopers - for Whitman's Chocolates and Necco Wafers at the very least - but she says she didn't get a lot of advertising assignments. The advertising art paid comparatively well, but, "I loved doing Christmas cards and I loved doing children's books... and I was busy with that."
When I ask her about her Necco Wafers ads she says with great emphasis, "Oh, they're awful! The drawing is so... so... I don't know... " she chuckles, "it isn't very great." I assure her that they're wonderful and much admired by those of us who enjoy seeing her work.
She remembers, "There was one ad that you don't have that was better than all of these others."
Today, while hunting through my files for anything I might have overlooked, I came up with one more Necco Wafer ad - the 'rocket ship' scenario reproduced larger below. I hadn't had a chance to check with Sheilah or her son, Sean, before preparing this post, but I'm hoping that when she sees it, it'll be the one she was referring to and that it will be a nice surprise for her to see it again after all these years.
I also took some time to check through some of my old New York Art Directors Annuals for Cooper Studio ads, and made a couple of interesting discoveries. I'm hoping that when Sheilah sees this post it will stir up some memories and that she'll be able to clarify some of the chronology of her career...
In the ad from 1942, below, you'll notice that Sheilah is not yet listed as a Cooper artist - but her husband, Frederick Smith, is. When we spoke on the phone Sheilah remembered them both being represented elsewhere for a short time before they moved up to Coopers. This ad seems to indicate that Smith moved there first.
The next volume I own is from 1946. This time, both Sheilah and Frederick are listed. But because of the gap in my collection, I can't say for sure what year Sheilah joined the studio. Also curious is that even in the '42 ad some women are listed. Edith Lawdham, Sally Quinn, Roberta Stephenson and Mary Tinker are names I've never come across before. If Sheilah remembers being the first female illustrator at the Cooper studio ( and she would certainly know, since she worked there in her studio room next to Chuck) then I wonder what the arrangement was with these other mystery women?
Below, a Sheilah Beckett DPS ad from a 1960 issue of the Saturday Evening Post. This would have been a relatively rare ad assignment at that point in time. "When television came in," explains Sheilah, "that really made things difficult... there wasn't as much illustration. Even in advertising there wasn't as much, so business at Cooper's petered out."
"I worked with Chuck Cooper until he died - after Cooper's was no more.
"But it was such a wonderful place with such wonderful people... very creative people!"
* My Sheilah Beckett Flickr set.
5 comments:
The women listed in the cooper studio catalog worked in the office one was Chuck's assistant and one was in charge of the reference library another booked models for photo shoots.
What a wonderful insight on Sheilah Beckett in her own words.. even more impressive, since she had no art school training, and yet forged her own way into the top rungs of illustration. There is a lot of stereotyped myths and false impressions about the mid century period. However, these recollections from those that were in the trenches like Sheilah Beckett, shed some deserving light on the positive side, which doesn't surprise me . Her recollections of working at Coopers Studio is very similar in many respects to Barbara Bradley's stories, and others I have read about. Thanks Leif, for another informative and fascinating post.ReplyDelete
Tom Watson
Sheilah never attended art school... she is entirely self-taught. She began working immediately when she graduated from high school. Her first job was creating advertising artwork for a Portland area department store.ReplyDelete


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Vowel- SoulnIds
a has the sound of a in ' woman.'
a has the sound of a in ' father.'
e has the vowel-sound in ' grey.'
i has the sound of i in ' pin.'
i has the sound of i in ' police.'
o has the sound of o in ' bone.'
u has the sound of u in 'bull.'
fi has the sound of u in 'flute.'
ai has the vowel-sound in ' mine.'
au has the vowel-sound in ' house.'
It should be stated that no attempt has been made to distinguish
between the long and short sounds of e and o in the Dravidian
languages, which possess the vowel-sounds in 'bet' and 'hot' in
addition to those given above. Nor has it been thought necessary
to mark vowels as long in cases where mistakes in pronunciation
were not likely to be made.
Most Indian languages have different forms for a number of con-
sonants, such as d, /, r, &c., marked in scientific works by the use
of dots or italics. As the European ear distinguishes these with
difficulty in ordinary pronunciation, it has been considered undesir-
able to embarrass the reader with them; and only two notes are
required. In the first place, the Arabic k, a strong guttural, has
been represented by k instead of q, which is often used. Secondly,
it should be remarked that aspirated consonants are common; and,
in particular, dh and th (except in Burma) never have the sound of
th in 'this' or 'thin,' but should be pronounced as in ' woodhouse'
and ' boathook.'


text:
Watergate scandal: 10 legacies
Forty years ago Friday night, at three minutes before 9 p.m., the hot young British comedy team of Peter Cook and Dudley Moore sat down on the stage of the Plymouth Theater on Broadway, trained their eyes on a portable television rolled out on a cart and joined the audience of their two-man revue, "Good Evening," in watching Richard M. Nixon become the first American president ever to resign.
Half a world away, on vacation in Denmark, the veteran diplomat George Kennan stayed up till 2 a.m. to listen to Nixon's speech, which he confided to his diary he "found rather odd, since it showed appreciation neither of the real reasons for his personal disaster nor of the significance of it for his future career."
Story Continued Below
And in Washington, a young White House press aide named Diane Sawyer helped arrange the preparation of Nixon's final "news summary," a 15-page, single-spaced digest of newspaper clippings and television broadcasts that would be the only item on the president's desk the following morning.
Arguably, nothing in American politics or journalism has ever been quite the same. Four decades after Nixon's baleful farewell, here are 10 lasting legacies of the Watergate era:
*Impeachment became a political football, not a tool for handling a constitutional crisis: Nixon was the first president to face the threat of impeachment in more than a century, and some Republicans have never quite forgiven that fact. Bill Clinton was impeached not so much for "high crimes and misdemeanors" as for appalling judgment and personal lapses. The current talk of impeaching Barack Obama boils down to pure, partisan revenge. Impeachment was once all but unthinkable. Now it's just ho-hum.
*Dick Cheney unleashed unchecked executive authority: As Gerald Ford's White House chief of staff, and later a congressman from Wyoming, Cheney was appalled by what he saw as the post-Watergate era's limitations on presidential power and the subsequent hamstringing of agencies like the CIA. He spent years pondering how to reverse the trend, and the two terms of the second Bush administration — Iraq, interrogation, rendition — made the results plain. Obama himself has reportedly complained that continued drone strikes against suspected terrorists have made him "really good at killing people — didn't know that was gonna be a strong suit of mine."
*The boys on the bus became big shots, earning big bucks: Watergate made Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, who had dominated the story for The Washington Post from the start, rich and famous. And in turn, it made journalism, which had been raffish and disreputable, glamorous and lucrative (if still disreputable), and accelerated the transformation of political journalists (especially television ones) from mere chroniclers into potential kingmakers with the kind of power to anoint new stars that only party bigwigs once possessed.
*The money is still there to follow — and there's more of it than ever. The post-Watergate campaign finance laws were supposed to limit the corrosive influence of unreported, unlimited cash in politics. Reformers were appalled that the Chicago insurance magnate, W. Clement Stone, had contributed some $10 million to Nixon's two presidential campaigns. But the steady erosion and evasion of those laws in recent decades have made the situation worse than ever. The Huffington Post estimated that casino magnate Sheldon Adelson spent perhaps $150 million in the 2012 cycle, by giving millions to political nonprofits like Karl Rove's Crossroads GPS, which don't have to report their donors.
*Nixon's appeals to the "silent majority" and disaffected Democrats gave him a landslide victory in 1972 and presaged Ronald Reagan's crossover appeal a decade later. But Nixon's paranoia and resentments also fueled the rise of that angry strain that has always been present in American politics — the strain that now manifests itself in the tea party and the Obama birthers. None of Glenn Beck's apocalyptic imaginings would be terribly out of sync with the most ardent Nixonites' darkling worldview.


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UserGate Proxy & Firewall is an easy to use and affordable software alternative to numerous hardware gateway security appliances. It is used by more than 40,000 small and medium sized businesses and distributed enterprises across the globe.
UserGate Proxy & Firewall is an all-in-one gateway security solution combining a network firewall, router, gateway antivirus, intrusion detection and prevention (IDPS), VPN server, web filtering, reporting and statistics and other important functions. It allows you to manage network traffic, optimize bandwidth, and provide Internet access control.
UserGate Proxy & Firewall can be installed on any Windows-based machine and works as a web security gateway. It provides Internet access sharing, web security, and traffic management. UserGate works basing on user account and applicable policies. The product lets administrators control traffic flow and trace web pages visited by employees. Numerous policies can be used to grant or restrict access to specific website categories, control downloads or application use, set traffic quotas, and keep detailed statistics.
Advanced firewall
The built-in UserGate firewall provides additional LAN protection against hacker attacks and other sophisticated types of protocol-based intrusions by blocking traffic going through particular ports (TCP, UDP, or any other Internet protocol). Ports specified in the proxy settings (HTTP, FTP, SOCKS, etc.), as well as ports specified in Port Mapping, are included in automatically generated firewall rules (type auto). UserGate's firewall system also processes packets not processed by NAT rules. If a packet is processed by the NAT driver, it will not be processed by the UserGate firewall.
Advanced NAT driver
The UserGate Network Address Translation driver (NAT driver) supports masquerading and is able to work in routing mode. Routing mode support allows the creation of several local subnets originating from the UserGate server, as well as network relationship management.
Multiple ISPs and connection failover
UserGate proxy & Firewall allows to use several Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and make different providers available for different user groups. If the primary ISP connection is not stable, you can enable the Connection Failover feature to switch users to a secondary connection in case the primary connection is broken.
UserGate Proxy & Firewall routing support can be used to avoid installing additional hardware, such as a router. If there are several LAN interfaces on the machine where you run our solution, you can create rules that transmit packets between them in both directions.
Internet connection sharing (ICS)
With UserGate Proxy & Firewall, you can share single or multiple Internet connections, such as DSL, cable, dial-up, wireless, ISDN, or any other among users in your local network. The server is visible from both the Internet by an external IP address and from a LAN (or several LANs) by an internal IP address.
Since the traffic goes through a single server, an administrator is able to protect the local network against threats, get detailed statistics and usage patterns, and control what is downloaded or uploaded using flexible rules.
Proxy servers
UserGate includes a number of proxy servers for application layer protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, SOCKS, POP3, SMTP, SIP and H323. All of the proxies can work in transparent mode, eliminating the need to specify the proxy address and port in applications on user machines. You can also specify for what particular network interface a proxy server should be enabled.
Triple-antivirus protection
It is critically important to ensure that all traffic coming into a local network is protected against viruses and spyware. UserGate Proxy incorporates three antivirus engines – from Kaspersky, Panda and Avira – to provide optional triple antivirus control, and check all inbound and outbound traffic on HTTP, FTP, SMTP and POP3.
Intrusion Detection and Prevention System
IDPS (Intrusion Detection and Prevention System) is a network malicious activity monitoring solution. The primary purpose of IDPS is the detection of potentially dangerous activities, logging, threat prevention and reporting.
Detection of security breaches is usually performed with the help of heuristic rules and analysis of signatures of known attacks. Breach details are logged and a corresponding notification is sent to the console and/or system administrator via a specific communication channel. IDPS takes counter-measures against the breach by dropping the connection or reconfiguring the firewall for blocking incoming malicious traffic.
IDPS tracks activities in real time and quickly blocks attacks. Possible preventive measures include blocking of particular segments of network traffic, disconnection and notification of the network administrator.
User-based access management
UserGate Proxy & Firewall creates accounts of users to which Internet access is granted (or denied), traffic rules are applied, and for which statistics are calculated. A user settings are defined based on a specific parameters, such as an IP or MAC address, login/password, Active Directory account, or Windows login.
To simplify traffic management, users can be combined into groups by using the "Groups" feature. Another way to combine computers or users is through one of the many authorization methods. Administrators can choose either one or both methods to effectively manage multiple users, computers, and subnetworks.
Categorized URL filtering
Internet abuse in the workplace can cause many negative effects for a company, such as a decrease of work productivity, excessive traffic consumption, malware, identity theft, and copyright infringement, etc. In order to minimize or eliminate problems caused by personal or even illegal use of the Internet, web filtering (also known as content-filtering) is a strongly recommended as a part of your company's security defenses.
The Entensys URL Filtering module helps add extra security to your local network. It is designed to enable administrative control over employee Internet downloads and to restrict access to potentially dangerous web sites if needed.
Application firewall
Real time communications – instant messaging, chat programs such as IRC, and web conferencing and peer-to-peer networking tools – are in regular use in many organizations today. Application filtering is designed to protect against security threats posed by Internet-based applications. The purpose of it is twofold – enable administrators to restrict personal use of Internet-based applications, such as instant messengers or peer-to-peer clients, and protect a local network from application-specific Internet threats.
Speed limitations and traffic quotas
UserGate is very flexible in the way it allows system administrators to control traffic speed. There are two modules in UserGate where speed limits can be defined – "Traffic policy" and "Bandwidth management". The first one is used to define rules which are applied to certain users and user groups. The second one is used to restrict traffic according to certain parameters such as a specific adapter, protocol (e.g. TCP or UDP), source and destination IP address, and/or port.
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Internet traffic monitoring and reporting
UserGate Proxy & Firewall features a full-fledged statistics module that allows administrators and supervisors to enforce the company's Internet access policy effectively. Statistics can prove the extent to which the Internet is abused in the workplace, and can serve as the primary basis for decision-making when it comes to restricting or blocking certain Internet resources for a specific user in order to fight the abuse.
A full-fledged VPN server
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a method of setting up remote secure access to database, email and FTP servers over standard Internet channels. VPN technology is capable of protecting the traffic of any intranet and extranet systems, audio- and video-conferences and e-commerce solutions.
The system features a full-fledged VPN server supporting the creation of a "server-to-server" tunnel, inter-network routing and support of current VPN connections. Configuration of the VPN server is limited to setting a few parameters:
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Web statistics client
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Billing system
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Traffic manager
With the number of Internet-based applications and services constantly growing, administrators need to optimize application performance in their networks and avoid the negative effects of exceeding bandwidth limits. This can be accomplished through effective bandwidth management and by utilizing a tool that is specifically designed for that purpose. Our solution has all the features that are necessary for effective bandwidth management.
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DHCP support
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a communications protocol enabling network administrators to automate and centrally manage the assignment of IP addresses in a network. DHCP allows an administrator to supervise and distribute IP addresses from a central point, and automatically sends a new IP address when a computer is plugged into a different location in the network.
Our product supports dynamic addressing and simplifies network administration by keeping track of IP addresses automatically. This means that a new computer can be added to a network without the hassle of manually assigning it a unique IP address.
Resource publishing
It may be necessary to make a local computer, which is running a certain service, accessible from the Internet. Normally, such services include FTP, Web, VPN, and mail servers. To make a service available from the outside, you need to redirect the requests sent to a gateway computer to the server or workstation where the target service is running. That is when the resource publishing feature in UserGate Proxy & Firewall comes in.
Remote administration
You can access the UserGate Proxy & Firewall server remotely from a computer other than the one where UserGate is installed. Simply run the UserGate installation file and select 'UserGate Administrator Console' to install. Once the administration console has been set up, you can connect to the UserGate computer from within your network or via the Internet by entering its IP address or DNS name.
This software is not reviewed yet.
KinderGate Parental Control combines URL- and content-filtering. It provides high accuracy web filtering with extremely low false detection rate. KinderGate blocks resources related to malware, porn, drugs, terrorism, abusive content, etc.
UserGate Mail Server is a solution for secure corporate e-mail management with built-in antispam and antivirus modules. Also the solution features e-mail archiving, automatic reply, mail processing rules, web console and much more.


text:
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text:
Deep sea coral. A "black" coral.
Image ID: expl9143, Voyage To Inner Space - Exploring the Seas With NOAA Collect
Location: Atlantis Canyon, east wall 1800-1600m
Photo Date: 20130716T170329Z
Credit: NOAA OKEANOS Explorer Program , 2013 Northeast U. S. Canyons Expedition
• High Resolution Photo Available
of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic & Atmospheric
Adminstration (NOAA),
NOAA Central Library
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Last Updated:
November 10, 2017


text:
LMFAO: Bow Wow Don't Like Gettin His Blanket Taken Away When He Sleepin + Some Fan Blacks Out When She Sees Bow! "F*ck You"
Bow Wow caught sleepin & his fans go wild
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text:
The Paragon Shoe Collection comprises 88 objects, largely shoes, as well as advertising and point-of-sale material. The collection dates from circa 1916 to circa 1993. It was donated by Diana Gaze; additional shoes have been donated by Linda Bennett.
Paragon Shoes Pty Ltd was one of the most significant 20th century Australian shoe retailers, and at one time was the largest manufacturer of high quality of women's shoes in Australia. Its factory was located in Melbourne, and its shoes were sold throughout Australia and New Zealand. A London agent was used at one stage, and the shoes possibly sold in Europe (based on the information supplied with the shoes).
The name Paragon was originally used by H. Walters Pty Ltd. Henry Walters founded a boot manufactory in Regents St, Richmond, in 1883 (later listed in Sand & McDougall as 36 Regents St). Henry Walters was born in Stettin, Prussia (now Szczecin, Poland), around 1844, and arrived in Victoria from NSW in 1867. He was naturalized in 1896. Henry married to Margaret Mahoney, an immigrant from Tipperary, Ireland, who came out in 1867 with a guardian (her sister came out the following year). She married Henry in 1869, when she was not yet 21 years old. Their eight children included sons Henry and Herman. Margaret tragically died of cirrhosis of the liver from alcoholism in her 30s, possibly as a result of a struggle with depression.
Walters applied for the 'Paragon' trade mark on 7 August 1905 (trademark vol.17, fol.239, no. 9256). The application stated that 'The word paragon has reference to the character or quality of the goods - meaning a model or example of excellence'. The distinctive Paragon logo is included with the application.
The Paragon name was bought by the donor's father-in-law, Alexander Ambrose Davison (Alec), in 1930, following the death of its founder. Alec Davison, born in 1886, had begun his working life at shoe manufacturer Robert Hurst & Co in North Fitzroy, and later pursued his interest in bookmaking as he worked his way up the shoe manufacturing industry. In his early years he marketed shoes under the name 'A. Davison'. His first company was The House of Stanley, formed in 1920 in partnership with W.H. McFarland (by October 1923 and after a change of partners, he appears to have become a sole director). The House of Stanley first manufactured men's and women's shoes at a shoe factory they bought at 71 Argyle St, Fitzroy, then in 1923 moved to a purpose-built factory at 38-44 Stanley St, Collingwood. The Australian Leather Journal in October 1923 enthusiastically described this single-floor factory as a 'striking example of scientific planning', including a 'modern dust-extraction plant that keeps the air of the factory clean and healthy', 'the latest machinery for high-grade (closing) work' and 'nothing that will help the staff is lacking'. Conditions in the administrative section, however, were perhaps less favourable, suggested in a report prepared by a taxation and accounting consultancy, which reviewed the company's financial position and procedures in 1926-27. It criticized the cramped, uncarpeted office, its 'useless' light, the loss of staff time on 'each dark winter evening' and the 'dirt, noise and drafts' if the office door was left open to the factory. It disparaged Alec's ad-lib management style and casual approach to bookkeeping. Nevertheless, the business went from strength to strength.
The factory was expanded in 1928, almost doubling in size. In November 1930, after the Paragon name was bought from the estate of Herman Walters, Walters' factory was also taken over. In 1931, the business name was changed to Paragon Shoes Pty Ltd. Women's shoes were confirmed as the focus of the business. The factory was further expanded in 1937, and at the opening celebrations a speaker noted that the company now employed 260 people.
The shoes were retailed through a range of outlets. Alec Davison developed an association with retailer Milady's Shoemaker, and Buckley & Nunn also became a large Paragon seller. Paragon shoes were also retailed in many other outlets, including Mabs McQuirk (in Sydney). Alec went into partnership with Miladys and opened two further shops to sell Paragon shoes, including a large shop at the corner of Elizabeth and Collins Streets. Other stores were opened in Collins Street, Toorak and South Yarra.
Alec's son Lex joined the business at the age of 19. He was released from the army because Paragon was manufacturing shoes for the women's services and was considered an essential service. Lex was unhappy about this, but persevered with the company. His father's health deteriorated, and in August 1945 Alec died, leaving Lex to continue the business. The business continued to grow, aided by tariff protection.
Like other footwear and clothing manufacturers, Paragon looked to international fashion trends to develop new designs. Australian seasons were considered to follow those of overseas, rather than the reverse. Shoe samples were ordered or collected by company representatives (including Lex and his wife Diana) from Europe and the United States. Shoe fairs were held in March and September in Milan, Paris, Bologna and Vigevano. Company representatives took surreptitious photographs of shoe shop windows, trying to record new styles. Charts and colour cards were obtained from overseas fashion centres, providing important information such sales figures of particular styles. Advertisements and photographs were cut from magazines and newspapers, and pasted into sketchbooks to formulate new designs. Amongst those who designed shoes and made patterns was Fred Davis, who worked for Paragon in the 1940s and 1950s. He would work out how to make shoes from particular styles, sometimes scaling his designs up or down for different sizes. As many as 40 separate pieces were sometimes needed to make his shoes; and over 100 different steps were involved.
For the first 20 or more years of the business Australian tanned leather was of poor quality and only used for shoe linings, and imported leather was used for the other parts of the shoes. Lex established a tannery in Queensland to supply Paragon, called Donald Dixon, and became a shareholder and director. That business was eventually sold to a Japanese meat company.
In 1960 Lex and Diana went directly to an Italian shoe designer and brought new designs that were not yet popularized by the fashion industry. Although they were trying to lead the fashion industry, the attempt was unsuccessful, since the designs needed to be first popularized by the fashion industry before they were marketed.
Lex was also a racing car driver, and died in a car race at Sandown Park in 1965, at a peak in the Paragon business. John Gilbert, Sales Manager, was promoted to director. Lex's wife (the donor, Diana) also became a director, as did her son Richard (by the age of 21). Other key players in Paragon included Frank Jones and his son. Frank started at Paragon at the age of 14, sweeping floors, then became factory manager under Jack Dunlop, and eventually became a director with company shares.
As fashions changed and new market sectors were pursued, Paragon created new labels for its products. Pierre Fontaine was established in the early 1960s as a cheaper shoe; Parisienne was aimed at the younger buyer; and Belle Chaussure was aimed at a sophisticated buyer. Royal Paragon was made with luxury materials, such as brocades, crocodile or lizard skin. Innovare was made exclusively for Myer. In the early 1970s Paragon bought the Parker label through an arrangement with David Jones. The Parker range had been carried by Georges. In the 1980s Paragon expanded its range to include bags and accessories such as belts. They were initially made at the Stanley Street factory, but later a separate factory was established for this work (and/or it was outsourced to Harry Jibes). Pierre Fontaine shoes were also manufactured at another factory, also in Stanley St, Collingwood, called Trimfoot. Trimfoot had about 100 employees by the early 1970s, and eventually moved to Preston. Paragon sold the Stanley Street factory in the late 1980s and moved to Temple Drive, Thomastown.
After reaching the height of its business in the late 1980s, with 100,000 pairs of shoes produced per year, Paragon closed around 1993. Many pairs of shoes from the business were sold at the Camberwell Market.
The shoes acquired by Museum Victoria were largely made by Paragon, but some were purchased from other manufacturers (including some overseas) to guide new Paragon designs. The donor wore some of the shoes herself; others are unworn. Some were given to her for her shoe collection.
Diana Gaze (previously Davison), pers. comm. with D. Tout-Smith, 2005 & 2009
G. Howard, 2004. Lex Davison: Larger than Life. Turton & Armstrong, Sydney
The Australian Leather Journal, Boot and Shoe Recorder, 15 Oct 1923, p.580; 16 July 1923, p.231; 15 May 1929, pp. 20-22; 15 April 1930, p.1047; 15 December 1930, p.626; 15 February 1933, p.882; 16 October 1933, p.561; 15 March 1934, p. 1067 & 1112; 15 November 1934, p. 219 & p.1112.
The Argus Women's Magazine, 4 April 1950, pp. 8-9.
The Sun, 17 April 1975, p.46
Margaret Leydon (great-granddaughter of Henry Walters), pers. comm. with D. Tout-Smith, 9/1/2010
More Information
Advertising, Australian Design, Australian Manufacturing Industry, Fashion, Fashion Design, Footwear Accessories, Footwear Industry, Leather Products, Manufacturing, Manufacturing Works, Retailing, Shoes, Women's Footwear
Victoria, Australia, New South Wales, Australia, United States of America, Europe
Article types


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For those that hold a high view of Scripture and believe the Hebrew Exodus from Egypt actually happened, there are two major positions today regarding when that event occurred... Continue reading
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This article was first published in the Spring 2004 issue of Bible Spade.
For those that hold a high view of Scripture and believe the Hebrew Exodus from Egypt actually happened, there are two major positions today regarding when that event occurred: the so-called Early Date, which places the Exodus in the mid-15th century BC, most probably during the reign of Amenhotep II, and the so-called Late Date, which posits Rameses II (ca. 1279–1212 BC) as the Pharaoh confronted by Moses. Much has been written in defense of both these views. It is the purpose of this article to take a fresh look at Rameses II as Pharaoh of the Exodus in light of both Biblical and Assyrian chronologies. Is it likely, or even possible, that Rameses II could have been the Pharaoh of the Exodus?
First, let us observe Biblical events and personages between the Exodus and a known date in Near Eastern history, the date of the famous Battle of Qarqar, where a coalition of western kings defeated Shalmaneser III of Assyria. It is accepted, thanks to astronomical data and our solid knowledge of Assyrian chronology, that the battle took place in 853 BC. It is also known that Ahab, king of Israel, was a participant in the battle. Shalmaneser III tells us so in his records regarding Qarqar. Ahab almost certainly died later that same year.1
How long a period of time does the Bible demand between the Exodus and the death of King Ahab of Israel? If we take the Biblical year totals seriously, quite a lengthy period is required. The Exodus was followed by 40 years of wandering in the wilderness, and then by a long but not absolutely calculatable period for the Conquest and the period of the Judges. While it is likely that there is some overlap among the judges, it still seems necessary to allot between 300 and 400 years for the wanderings, conquest, and days of the judges.
Rameses II, ruler of Egypt for 67 years, ca. 1279–1212 BC. Called "the Great" because of his military exploits and construction projects, his statues and buildings can still be seen in Egypt today. Even his mummy is on display at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. He also had a great family by his several wives—at least 45 sons and 40 daughters! The tomb of his sons has recently been found in the Valley of the Kings in Thebes. According to the popular, but anti-Biblical, theory of a 13th century Exodus, Rameses II is thought to be the Pharaoh of the Exodus. Statue from Thebes, now in the British Museum. Credit: Bryant Wood
After the judges, the period of the United Monarchy lasted ca. 120 years (according to the Bible, 40 years each for Saul, David, and Solomon). After the death of Solomon, the kingdom of Israel divided into northern and southern kingdoms, Israel and Judah. From this division to the death of Ahab, using the most probable calculations on divided monarchy chronology, was just short of 80 years.
Combining all of these numbers and assuming only 300 years for the time before the United Monarchy, we see that, if we take the Biblical numbers as realistic, the time between the Exodus and the battle of Qarqar was approximately 500 years. But if we expand the period of the wanderings, conquest, and judges to 400 years, we would need 600 years. The point is this: if Rameses II reigned from 1279 to 1212 BC, as most Egyptologist now believe, there are not enough years for all of the periods mentioned above.
If the Exodus occurred about 1250 BC, in the middle of the reign of Rameses II, there would be about 400 years between him and the Battle of Qarqar. This is at least a full century too little, and perhaps twofull centuries if we use 400 years for the ages between the Exodus and the United Monarchy. Either way, Rameses II is unacceptable.
When calculations of this kind are undertaken, it is a good thing to check our work from a different angle. Today there are those who would abandon orthodox Egyptian chronology and replace it with one of a number of radical reconstructions. While these reconstructions seem totally without merit, it is still worth our while to examine the possibility that Rameses II did not really live in the 13th century BC at all.
Kurkh Stela depicting Shalmaneser III king of Assyria. Found in Kurkh, Turkey, now on display in the British Museum this stone monument records campaigns against the Arameans in Syria. The campaign of year six, 853 BC mentions Ahab, king of Israel, as being a member of an anti-Assyrian coalition that confronted the Assyrians at Qarqar in western Syria. The section referring to Ahab reads, "I approached the city of Qarqar. I razed, destroyed and burned the city of Qarqar, his [Irhulēni the Hamathite's] royal city. 1,200 chariots, 1,200 cavalry, (and) 20,000 troops of Hadad-ezer (Adadidri) of Damascus; 700 chariots, 700 cavalry, (and) 10,000 troops of Irhulēni, the Hamathite; 2,000 chariots, (and) 10,000 troops of Ahab, the Israelite..." (Younger 2000:263).
There is a way to verify the century of Rameses II using the well-know and well-accepted Assyrian chronology.2 This involves the use of synchronisms, or established contacts between rulers of different nations that prove they were contemporaries. Using the modern world as an example, we know that Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany was a contemporary of Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United Sates. We know that because they fought each other in World War I. Similarly, Robert E. Lee was a contemporary of Abraham Lincoln, for the same reason. They fought each other in a war.
Another form of proof that two rulers were contemporary comes from correspondence. If two men wrote letters to each other, or concluded treaties, they must live at the same time. Or, if they both correspond with a third party, all three must live at the same time. Let us take these principles back to the time of Rameses II.
Rameses II was a great Egyptian king who ruled 67 years, built lavishly, fought wars with the Hittites and other nations, and concluded international treaties. His reign is well known. One of his major accomplishments was a major treaty with the great Hittite king Hattusilis III. We have both the Egyptian and the Hittite versions of this famous document.
Closeup of Shalmaneser III, on the famous Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser found at Nimrud, ancient Calah, Iraq, in 1846. This 2m (6 ½ ft) tall, four-sided polished black stone monument is now on display in the British Museum. Although not mentioning Ahab, the obelisk's cuneiform text does mention another king of Israel. On one side, the second register from the top depicts a man kneeling before Shalmaneser with the inscription, "Tribute of Jehu son of Omri." Jehu ruled ca. 841–814 BC and he probably paid tribute to Shalmaneser in the first year of his reign.
Note that in order to formulate such a treaty, both of these kings would have to have ruled at the same time. But the interesting part of all this is the following: Hattusilis III also corresponded with the Assyrian king Shalmaneser I (ca. 1275–1245 BC). Consequently, Shalmaneser I must have been a contemporary of Rameses II as well. And we know roughly how many years there are between Shalmaneser I and his namesake Shalmaneser III: slightly over 400. Since we know that Shalmaneser III lived in the 800's, Shalmaneser I and hence Rameses II must have lived in the 1200's.
One of the Egyptian copies of the treaty between Rameses II and the Hittites carved into a wall of the Temple of Amun at Karnak. After 20 years of fighting, the treaty was concluded in Rameses II's 21st year, ca. 1258 BC, corresponding to the later part of the period of Judges in Biblical history. Thirteen years later the treaty was further cemented by the marriage of a Hittite princess to Rameses II. A Hittite copy of the treaty was discovered on two clay tablets written in Babylonian cuneiform found at the Hittite capital of Boghazköy in Turkey.
In conclusion, it seems nearly impossible to date the Exodus in the times of Rameses II. There is simply not enough time for all the periods of Biblical history between that seminal event and the last years of Ahab, King of Israel.
(Reprinted, with permission, from Artifax 17.2 [2002]:19)
1. For evidence and details for all this, see any standard history of Israel, or a good history of Assyria, such as Saggs, 1990.
2. There are some possible revisions in middle Assyrian chronology, but none of the propose changes extend about a decade.
Saggs, Henry W.F. 1990 The Might That Was Assyria. New York: St. Martins.
Younger, K. Lawson, Jr. 2000 Neo-Assyrian Inscriptions: Shalmaneser III (2.113), Kurkh Monolith (2.113A). Pp. 261–264 in The Context of Scripture 2, ed. William W. Hallo. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
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I note this interesting comment in the report:
[Note that in order to formulate such a treaty, both of these kings would have to have ruled at the same time. But the interesting part of all this is the following: Hattusilis III also corresponded with the Assyrian king Shalmaneser I (ca. 1275–1245 BC). Consequently, Shalmaneser I must have been a contemporary of Rameses II as well. And we know roughly how many years there are between Shalmaneser I and his namesake Shalmaneser III: slightly over 400. Since we know that Shalmaneser III lived in the 800's, Shalmaneser I and hence Rameses II must have lived in the 1200's.]
We have solar eclipses in the later Assyrian period as anchor points but what about this earlier period? Without astronomical anchor points, how did this 400 years chronology get computed?
Rod Bernitt - 1/3/2009 12:59:28 AM
Dear Rod,
Thanks for the question! Aside from astronomical data, we have certain lists from Assyria of officials called Limmus. Each Limmu held office for 1 year, and lists of them were kept and have been found. The king normally took the office himself in his second year, and rarely ever again. The Limmu apparently did nothing, as far as we know. The office was honorary; but the lists are great for calculating chronology, and can be collated with the astronomical data. More on them can be found in the Cambridge ancient History, which any good academic library has. Again, thanks for the question! Charles Aling
Charles Aling - 2/3/2009 7:29:39 PM
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