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Template:Infobox Italian comune
Genoa (/ˈdʒɛnoʊ.ə/; Italian: Genova [ˈd͡ʒɛːn̺ovä] (13px listen); Genoese and Ligurian Zena [ˈzeːna]; French: Gênes; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is the capital of Liguria and the sixth largest city in Italy with a population of 592,995[1] within its administrative limits on a land area of Script error: No such module "convert".. The urban area called Genoa Metropolitan City has an official population of 862,885.[2] Over 1.5 million[2] people live in the Genoa Metropolitan Area. Genoa is one of Europe's largest cities on the Mediterranean Sea and the largest seaport in Italy.
Genoa has been nicknamed la Superba ("the Proud one") due to its glorious past and impressive landmarks.[3] Part of the old town of Genoa was inscribed on the World Heritage List (UNESCO) in 2006 (see below). The city's rich cultural history in notably its art, music and cuisine allowed it to become the 2004 European Capital of Culture. It is the birthplace of Christopher Columbus and Niccolo Paganini.
Genoa, which forms the southern corner of the Milan-Turin-Genoa industrial triangle of north-west Italy, is one of the country's major economic centres.[4][5] The city has hosted massive shipyards and steelworks since the 19th century, and its solid financial sector dates back to the Middle Ages. The Bank of Saint George, founded in 1407, is among the oldest in the world and has played an important role in the city's prosperity since the middle of the 15th century.[6][7] Today a number of leading Italian companies are based in the city, including Selex ES,[8] Ansaldo Energia,[9] Ansaldo STS, Edoardo Raffinerie Garrone, Piaggio Aero and Costa Crociere.
- 1 History
- 2 Flag
- 3 Geography
- 4 Government
- 5 Cityscape
- 6 Demographics
- 7 Economy
- 8 Culture
- 9 Education
- 10 Transport
- 11 International relations
- 12 Notable residents
- 13 See also
- 14 References
- 15 Bibliography
- 16 External links
Prehistory and antiquity
The city cemetery, dating from the 6th and 5th centuries BC, testifies to the occupation of the site by the Greeks, but the fine harbor probably saw use much earlier, perhaps by the Etruscans. The ancient Ligurian city was known as Stalia (Σταλìα), so referred to by Artemidorus Ephesius and Pomponius Mela (this toponym is possibly preserved in the name of Staglieno, some Script error: No such module "convert". from the coast). Ligurian Stalia was overshadowed by the powerful Marseille and Vada Sabatia, near modern Savona. Stalia had an alliance with Rome through a foedus aequum ("equal pact") in the course of the Second Punic War (218-201 BC). The Carthaginians accordingly destroyed it in 209 BC. The town was rebuilt and, after the Carthaginian Wars ended in 146 BC. it received municipal rights. The original castrum thenceforth expanded towards the current areas of Santa Maria di Castello and the San Lorenzo promontory. Trades included skins, wood, and honey. Goods were shipped to the mainland, up to major cities like Tortona and Piacenza.
The city's current name derives from the Latin word meaning "knee" (genu; plural, genua), from its geographical position at the centre of the Ligurian coastal arch, thus akin to the name of Geneva.[10] The Latin name, oppidum Genua, is recorded by Pliny the Elder (Nat. Hist. 3.48) as part of the Augustean Regio IX Liguria.
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire the Ostrogoths occupied Genoa. After the Gothic War, the Byzantines made it the seat of their vicar. When the Lombards invaded Italy in 568, the Bishop of Milan fled and held his seat in Genoa.[11] Pope Gregory the Great was closely connected to these bishops in exile, for example involving himself the election of Deusdedit.[12] The Lombards, under King Rothari, finally captured Genoa and other Ligurian cities in about 643.[13] In 773 the Lombard Kingdom was annexed by the Frankish Empire; the first Carolingian count of Genoa was Ademarus, who was given the title praefectus civitatis Genuensis. Ademarus died in Corsica while fighting against the Saracens. In this period the Roman walls, destroyed by the Lombards, were rebuilt and extended.
For the following several centuries, Genoa was little more than a small centre, slowly building its merchant fleet which was to become the leading commercial carrier of the Mediterranean Sea. The town was thoroughly sacked and burned in 934-35 by Muslim North African pirates and likely abandoned for a few years.[14] In the 10th century the city, now part of the Marca Januensis ("Genoese March") was under the Obertenghi family, whose first member was Obertus I. Genoa became one of the first cities in Italy to have some citizenship rights granted by local feudatories.[citation needed]
Middle ages and Renaissance
Before 1100, Genoa emerged as an independent city-state, one of a number of Italian city-states during this period. Nominally, the Holy Roman Emperor was overlord and the Bishop of Genoa was president of the city; however, actual power was wielded by a number of "consuls" annually elected by popular assembly. Genoa was one of the so-called "Maritime Republics" (Repubbliche Marinare), along with Venice, Pisa and Amalfi and trade, shipbuilding and banking helped support one of the largest and most powerful navies in the Mediterranean. The Adorno, Campofregoso, and other smaller merchant families all fought for power in this republic, as the power of the consuls allowed each family faction to gain wealth and power in the city. The Republic of Genoa extended over modern Liguria and Piedmont, Sardinia, Corsica, Nice and had practically complete control of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Through Genoese participation on the Crusades, colonies were established in the Middle East, in the Aegean, in Sicily and Northern Africa. Genoese Crusaders brought home a green glass goblet from the Levant, which Genoese long regarded as the Holy Grail. Not all of Genoa's merchandise was so innocuous, however, as medieval Genoa became a major player in the slave trade.[15]
The collapse of the Crusader States was offset by Genoa's alliance with the Byzantine Empire. As Venice's relations with the Byzantine Empire were temporarily disrupted by the Fourth Crusade and its aftermath, Genoa was able to improve its position. Genoa took advantage of this opportunity to expand into the Black Sea and Crimea. Internal feuds between the powerful families, the Grimaldi and Fieschi, the Doria, Spinola and others caused much disruption, but in general the republic was run much as a business affair. In 1218–1220 Genoa was served by the Guelph podestà Rambertino Buvalelli, who probably introduced Occitan literature to the city, which was soon to boast such troubadours as Jacme Grils, Lanfranc Cigala and Bonifaci Calvo. Genoa's political zenith came with its victory over the Republic of Pisa at the naval Battle of Meloria in 1284, and with a temporary victory over its rival, Venice, at the naval Battle of Curzola in 1298.
However, this prosperity did not last. The Black Death was imported into Europe in 1347 from the Genoese trading post at Caffa (Theodosia) in Crimea on the Black Sea. Following the economic and population collapse, Genoa adopted the Venetian model of government, and was presided over by a doge (see Doge of Genoa). The wars with Venice continued, and the War of Chioggia (1378–1381)-- where Genoa almost managed to decisively subdue Venice—ended with Venice's recovery of dominance in the Adriatic. In 1390 Genoa initiated a crusade against the Barbary pirates with help from the French and laid siege to Mahdia. Though it has not been well-studied, the 15th century seems to have been a tumultuous time for Genoa. After a period of French domination from 1394 to 1409, Genoa came under rule by the Visconti of Milan. Genoa lost Sardinia to Aragon, Corsica to internal revolt and its Middle Eastern, Eastern European and Asia Minor colonies to the Turkish Ottoman Empire. Genoa was able to stabilize its position as it moved into the 16th century, particularly thanks to the efforts of doge Andrea Doria, who granted a new constitution in 1528, making Genoa a satellite of the Spanish Empire. Under the ensuing economic recovery, many aristocratic Genoese families, such as the Balbi, Doria, Grimaldi, Pallavicini and Serra, amassed tremendous fortunes. According to Felipe Fernandez-Armesto and others, the practices Genoa developed in the Mediterranean (such as chattel slavery) were crucial in the exploration and exploitation of the New World.[16] Christopher Columbus himself was a native of Genoa and donated one-tenth of his income from the discovery of the Americas for Spain to the Bank of Saint George in Genoa for the relief of taxation on food.
At the time of Genoa's zenith in the 16th century, the city attracted many artists, including Rubens, Caravaggio and Van Dyck. The famed architect Galeazzo Alessi (1512–1572) designed many of the city's splendid palazzi, as did in the decades that followed by fifty years Bartolomeo Bianco (1590–1657), designer of centrepieces of University of Genoa. A number of Genoese Baroque and Rococo artists settled elsewhere and a number of local artists became prominent.
However, in the 17th century, Genoa entered a period of crisis. In May 1625 a French-Savoian army invaded the republic, but was successfully driven out by the combined Spanish and Genoese armies. In 1656-57, a new outburst of plague killed as many as half of the population.[17] In May 1684, as a punishment for Genoese support for Spain, the city was subjected to a French naval bombardment, with some 13,000 cannonballs aimed at the city.[18] Genoa was eventually occupied by Austria in 1746 during the War of the Austrian Succession. This episode in the city's history is mainly remembered for the Genoese revolt, precipitated by a legendary boy named Giovan Battista Perasso and nicknamed Balilla, who threw a stone at an Austrian official and became a national hero to later generations of Genoese (and Italians in general). Being unable to retain its rule in Corsica, where the rebel Corsican Republic was proclaimed in 1755, in 1768 Genoa was forced by the endemic rebellion to sell its claim to Corsica to the French, in the Treaty of Versailles of 1768.
Modern history
With the shift in world economy and trade routes to the New World and away from the Mediterranean, Genoa's political and economic power went into steady decline. In 1797, under pressure from Napoleon, Genoa became a French protectorate called the Ligurian Republic, which was annexed by France in 1805. This affair is commemorated in the famous first sentence of Tolstoy's War and Peace:
"Well, Prince, so Genoa and Lucca are now just family estates of the Buonapartes.(...) And what do you think of this latest comedy, the coronation at Milan, the comedy of the people of Genoa and Lucca laying their petitions [to be annexed to France] before Monsieur Buonaparte, and Monsieur Buonaparte sitting on a throne and granting the petitions of the nations?" (spoken by a thoroughly anti-Boanapartist Russian aristocrat, soon after the news reached Saint Petersburg).
Although the Genoese revolted against France in 1814 and liberated the city on their own, delegates at the Congress of Vienna sanctioned its incorporation into Piedmont (Kingdom of Sardinia), thus ending the three century old struggle by the House of Savoy to acquire the city.
The city soon gained a reputation as a hotbed of anti-Savoy republican agitation (having its climax in 1849 with the Sack of Genoa), although the union with Savoy was economically very beneficial. With the growth of the Risorgimento movement, the Genoese turned their struggles from Giuseppe Mazzini's vision of a local republic into a struggle for a unified Italy under a liberalised Savoy monarchy. In 1860, General Giuseppe Garibaldi set out from Genoa with over a thousand volunteers to begin the conquest of Southern Italy. Today a monument is set on the rock where the patriots departed from.
In the late 19th century and the early 20th century, Genoa consolidated its role as a major seaport and an important steel and shipbuilding centre. During the Second World War, Genoa suffered heavy damages, from both naval and aerial bombings. The city was liberated by the partisans a few days before the arrival of the Allies.
In the post-war years, Genoa played a pivotal role in the Italian economic miracle, as the third corner of the so-called "Industrial Triangle" of Northern Italy, formed by the manufacturer hubs of Milan and Turin and the seaport of Genoa itself. Since 1962, the Genoa International Boat Show has evolved as one of the largest annually recurring events in Genoa. The 27th G8 summit in the city, in July 2001, was overshadowed by violent protests, with one protester, Carlo Giuliani, killed amid police brutality. In 2007 15 officials, who included police, prison officials and two doctors, were found guilty by an Italian court of mistreating protesters. A judge handed down prison sentences ranging from five months to five years.[19] In 2004, the European Union designated Genoa as the European Capital of Culture, along with the French city of Lille.
The flag of Genoa is simply a St George's Cross, a red cross on a lime white field. The patron saint of Genoa was Saint Lawrence until at least 958, but the Genoese transferred their allegiance to Saint George at some point during the 11th or 12th century, most likely under the impression of the rising popularity of the "warrior saint" during the crusades. Genoa also had a banner displaying a cross since at least 1218, possibly as early as 1113.[20] But the cross banner was not associated with the saint; indeed, the saint had his own flag, the vexillum beati Georgii (first mentioned 1198), a red flag showing a George and the dragon. A depiction of this flag is shown in the Genoese annals under the year 1227. The Genoese flag with the red cross was used alongside this "Saint George's flag", from at least 1218, known as the insignia cruxata comunis Janue ("cross ensign of the commune of Genoa"). The saint's flag was the city's main war flag, but the cross flag was used alongside it in the 1240s.[21] The Saint George's flag (i.e. the flag depicting the saint) remained the main flag of Genoa at least until the 1280s. The flag now known as the "St George's Cross" seems to have replaced it as Genoa's main flag at some point during the 14th century. The Book of All Kingdoms (c. 1385) shows it, inscribed with the word iustiçia, and described as:
- "El señor della á por señales un pendón blanco con una cruz bermeja. Encima está escripto «Justicia» d'esta manera"
- "And the lord of this place has as his ensign a white pennant with a red cross. At the top it is inscribed with 'justice', in this manner."[22]
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The city of Genoa covers an area of Script error: No such module "convert". between the Ligurian Sea and the Apennine Mountains. The city stretches along the coast for about Script error: No such module "convert". from the neighbourhood of Voltri to Nervi, and for Script error: No such module "convert". from the coast to the north along the valleys Polcevera and Bisagno. The territory of Genoa can then be popularly divided into 5 main zones: the centre, the west, the east, the Polcevera and the Bisagno Valley.
Genoa is adjacent to two popular Ligurian vacation spots, Camogli and Portofino. In the metropolitan area of Genoa lies Aveto Natural Regional Park.
Genoa has a borderline humid subtropical (Cfa) and Mediterranean climate (Csa), since only one summer month has less than Script error: No such module "convert". of rainfall, preventing it from being classified as solely humid subtropical or Mediterranean.
The average yearly temperature is around Script error: No such module "convert". during the day and Script error: No such module "convert". at night. In the coldest months: December, January and February, the average temperature is Script error: No such module "convert". during the day and Script error: No such module "convert". at night. In the warmest months – July and August – the average temperature is Script error: No such module "convert". during the day and Script error: No such module "convert". at night. The daily temperature range is limited, with an average range of about Script error: No such module "convert". between high and low temperatures.
Annually, the average 2.9 of nights recorded temperatures of ≤Script error: No such module "convert". (mainly in January). The coldest temperature ever recorded was Script error: No such module "convert". on the night of February 2012; the highest temperature ever recorded during the day is Script error: No such module "convert". on the July 2011. Average annual number of days with temperatures of ≥Script error: No such module "convert". is about 8, average four days in July and August.[23]
Average annual temperature of the sea is Script error: No such module "convert"., from Script error: No such module "convert". in the period January–March to Script error: No such module "convert". in August. In the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds Script error: No such module "convert"..[24]
Genoa is also a windy city, especially during winter when northern winds often bring cool air from the Po Valley (usually accompanied by lower temperatures, high pressure and clear skies). Another typical wind blows from southeast, mostly as a consequence of atlantic disturbances and storms, bringing humid and warmer air from the sea. Snowfall is sporadic, but does occur almost every year, albeit big amounts in the city centre are rare.[25][26]
Annual average relative humidity is 68%, ranging from 63% in February to 73% in May.[23]
Sunshine hours total above 2,200 per year, from an average 4 hours of sunshine duration per day in winter to average 9 hours in summer. This value is an average between the northern half of Europe and North Africa.[24]
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This page is a soft redirect. Climate data for Genoa
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This page is a soft redirect.Source #1: Servizio Meteorologico,[23] data of sunshine hours[27]
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Municipal government
The Municipal Council of Genoa is currently led by a left-wing majority, elected in May 2012. The mayor is Marco Doria, expression of a progressive alliance composed by Democratic Party, Italy of Values, Left Ecology Freedom, Communist Refoundation Party and other minor lists.
Administrative subdivision
The city of Genoa is subdivided into 9 Municipi (administrative districts), as approved by the Municipal Council in 2007.[29]
|Population (% of total)
|Quarters included
|91,402 (15.0%)
|Pré, Molo, Maddalena, Oregina, Lagaccio, San Nicola, Castelletto, Manin, San Vincenzo, Carignano
|66,626 (10.9%)
|Sampierdarena, Campasso, San Teodoro, San Bartolomeo
|Bassa Val Bisagno
|78,791 (12.9%)
|San Fruttuoso, Marassi, Quezzi
|Media Val Bisagno
|58,742 (9,6%)
|Staglieno, Sant'Eusebio, San Gottardo, Molassana, Struppa
|62,492 (10.3%)
|Borzoli, Fegino, Certosa, Rivarolo, Teglia, Begato, Bolzaneto, Morego, San Quirico, Pontedecimo
|Medio Ponente
|61,810 (10.1%)
|Sestri, Cornigliano, Campi
|63,027 (10.3%)
|Crevari, Voltri, Palmaro, Prà, Pegli, Multedo
|Medio Levante
|61,759 (10.1%)
|Foce, Brignole, Albaro, San Martino, San Giuliano, Lido, Puggia
|66,155 (10.8%)
|Sturla, Quarto, Quinto, Nervi, Sant'Ilario, Bavari, San Desiderio, Borgoratti
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|Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli
|Name as inscribed on the World Heritage List
|ii, iv
|UNESCO region
|Europe and North America
|Inscription history
|2006 (30th Session)
Main sights
Genoa's historic centre is articulated in a maze of squares and narrow caruggi (typical genoese alleys). It joins a medieval dimension with following 16th-century and Baroque interventions (San Matteo square and the ancient via Aurea, now via Garibaldi).
Remains of the ancient 17th-century walls are still visible nearby San Lorenzo cathedral, the most attended place of worship of Genoa.
The symbols of the city are the Lanterna (the lighthouse) (117 m high), old and standing lighthouse visible in the distance from the sea (beyond 30 km), and the monumental fountain of Piazza De Ferrari, recently restored, out-and-out core of the city's life.
Another tourist destination is the ancient seaside district of Boccadasse, with its multicolour boats, set as a seal to Corso Italia, the promenade which runs along the Lido d'Albaro, and known for its ice-creams.
Just out of the city centre, but still part of the Script error: No such module "convert". of coast included in the municipality's territory, are Nervi, natural doorway to the Ligurian East Riviera, and Pegli, the point of access to the West Riviera.
The new Genoa based its rebirth upon the restoration of the green areas of the immediate inland parts (among them the Regional Natural Park of Beigua) and upon the realization of facilities such as the Aquarium in the Old Harbour - the biggest in Italy and one of the major in Europe - and its Marina (the tourist small port which holds hundreds of pleasure boats). All of this inside the restored Expo Area, arranged in occasion of the Columbian Celebrations of 1992.
The regained pride gave back to the city the consciousness of being capable of looking to the future without forgetting its past. The resumption of several flourishing hand-crafting activities, far-back absent from the caruggi of the old town, is a direct evidence of it.
The restoration of many of Genoa's churches and palaces in the 80's and the 90's contributed to the city's rebirth. A notable example the Renaissance Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta, sitting on the top of the hill of Carignano and visible from almost every part of the city.
The total restoration of Doge's Palace - once venue of dogi and senators and nowadays location of cultural events - and of the Old Harbour and the rebuilding of Teatro Carlo Felice, destroyed by the Second World War bombings that only spared the neoclassic pronao of the architect Carlo Barabino, were two more points of strength for the realization of a new Genoa.
Genoa could not renounce, especially as from the 1960s, to a great renewal, which as happened in several other metropolis, should necessarily get through the realization of big council houses' complexes, whose quality, utility and functionality has been and still is controversial for those residents living there. Concerning this, the most known cases are those of the so-called "biscione", a development in the shape of a long snake, situated on the hills of the populous district of Marassi, and the one of the group of houses known as "Le Lavatrici" (the washing machines), in the district of Prà.
In 1992, in occasion of the Columbian Celebrations ("Colombiadi"). The waterfront was completely restored and symbolized by the stylized "Great Bigo" (a sort of trademark of the genoese portual activity).
Beyond a complete restyling of the area, the ancient port zone nearby the Mandraccio opening, in Porta Siberia, was enriched by Genoese architect Renzo Piano with a large sphere made of metal and glass, installed in the port's waters, not far from the Aquarium, and unveiled in 2001 in occasion of the G8 Summit held in Genoa. The sphere (called by the citizens "Piano's bubble" or "The Ball"), after hosting an exposition of fens from Genoa's Botanical Gardens, currently houses the reconstruction of a tropical environment, with several plants, little animals and butterflies. Piano also designed the subway stations and, in the hills area, the construction - in collaboration with UNESCO - of Punta Nave, base of the Renzo Piano Building Workshop.
Nearby the Old Harbour is the so-called "Matitone", a skyscraper in shape of a pencil, that lays side by side with the group of the WTC towers, core of the San Benigno development, today base of part of the Municipality's administration and of several companies.
St. Lawrence Cathedral (Cattedrale di San Lorenzo) is the city's cathedral, built in a Romanesque-Renaissance style. Other major churches in Genoa include the San Donato, Sant'Agostino, the Oratory of San Giacomo della Marina, Santo Stefano, San Torpete and the Basilica della Santissima Annunziata del Vastato. Most of these churches and basilicas are built in the Romanesque style, with the exception of Santissima Annunziata del Vastato which features an elaborate Baroque appearance.
Several churches in the area ring bells calling the faithful to mass, one of which, situated on the hillside above Genoa is the San Francisco de Paoli (SFdP). This cathedral is notable in that the outer courtyard overlooking the port is a memorial to all those who died at sea. The SFdP church is of artistic mention in that the tile depictions of the Via de la Croce Stations along the brick path to the church were made in Napoli in 1930.
Buildings and palaces
The main features of central Genoa include Piazza De Ferrari, around which are sited the Opera and the Palace of the Doges. There is also a house where Christopher Columbus is said to have been born.
Strada Nuova (now Via Garibaldi), in the old city, was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2006. This district was designed in the mid-16th century to accommodate Mannerist palaces of the city's most eminent families, including Palazzo Rosso (now a museum), Palazzo Bianco, Palazzo Grimaldi and Palazzo Reale. Palazzo Bianco and Palazzo Rosso are also known as Musei di Strada Nuova. The famous art college is also located on this street.
Other landmarks of the city include Palazzo del Principe, the Old Harbour (Porto Antico), transformed into a mall by architect Renzo Piano, and the famous cemetery of Staglieno, renowned for its monuments and statues, in which the mortal remains of several known personalities rest, among them Giuseppe Mazzini, Fabrizio De André and Oscar Wilde's wife. The Edoardo Chiossone Museum of Oriental Art has one of the largest collections of Oriental art in Europe.
Genoa also has a large aquarium located in the above-mentioned old harbour. The port of Genoa also contains an ancient lighthouse, called "La Lanterna".
Old harbour
The old harbour ("porto antico" in Italian) is the ancient part of the port of Genoa. Renzo Piano redeveloped the area for public access, restoring the historical buildings (like the Cotton warehouses) and creating new landmarks like the Aquarium, the Bigo and recently the "Bolla" (the Sphere). The main touristic attractions of this area are the famous Aquarium and the Museum of the Sea (MuMA). In 2007 these attracted almost 1.7 million visitors.[30]
Walls and fortresses
The city of Genoa during its long history at least since 9th century had been defended by different line of walls. To this day, large portions of these walls remain, and Genoa has more and longer walls than any other city in Italy. The main city walls are known as "Ninth century walls", "Barbarossa Walls" (12th century), "Fourteenth century walls", "Sixteenth century walls" and "New Walls" ("Mura Nuove" in Italian), the more imposing, built in the first half of 17th century on the ridge of hills around the city, having a length of almost Script error: No such module "convert".. Some fortresses stand along the perimeter of the "New Walls" or close them.
Genoa has 82,000 square metres of public parks in the city centre, such as Villetta Di Negro which is right in the heart of the town, overlooking the historical centre. Many bigger green spaces are situated outside the centre: in the east are the Parks of Nervi (96,000 sq m.) overlooking the sea, in the west the beautiful gardens of Villa Durazzo Pallavicini (265,000 sq m.). The numerous villas and palaces of the city also have their own gardens, like Palazzo del Principe, Villa Doria, Palazzo Bianco and Palazzo Tursi, Palazzo Nicolosio Lomellino, Albertis Castle, Villa Croce, Villa Imperiale Cattaneo, Villa Bombrini, and many more.[31]
Corso Italia runs for Script error: No such module "convert". in the quartiere of Albaro, linking two neighbourhoods of Foce and Boccadasse. The promenade, which was built in 1908, overlooks the sea, towards the promontory of Portofino, and the main landmarks are the small lighthouse of Punta Vagno, the San Giuliano Abbey, the Lido of Albaro.
|Historical population
|Source: ISTAT 2001[32][33][34]
At the beginning of 2011, there were 608,493 people residing in Genoa, of whom 47% were male and 53% were female. The city is characterised by rapid aging and a long history of demographic decline, that has shown a partial slowdown in the last decade. Genoa has the lowest birth rate and is the most aged of any large Italian city. Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totalled only 14.12% of the population compared to pensioners who number 26.67%. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06% (minors) and 19.94% (pensioners). The median age of Genoa's residents is 47, compared to the Italian average of 42. The current birth rate of the city is only 7.49 births per 1,000 inhabitants, compared to the national average of 9.45. As of 2006, 94.23% of the population was Italian. The largest immigrant group is from the Americas (mostly Ecuador): 2.76%, other European nations (mostly Albania, Ukraine, the former Yugoslavia and Romania): 1.37%, and North Africa: 0.62%. The city is predominantly Roman Catholic, with small numbers of Protestant adherents.
The Genoa metropolitan area had a GDP amounting to $30.1 billion in 2011, or $33,003 per capita.[35]
Ligurian agriculture has increased its specialisation pattern in high-quality products (flowers, wine, olive oil) and has thus managed to maintain the gross value-added per worker at a level much higher than the national average (the difference was about 42% in 1999).[36] The value of flower production represents over 75% of the agriculture sector turnover, followed by animal farming (11.2%) and vegetable growing (6.4%).
Steel, once a major industry during the booming 1950s and 1960s, phased out after the late 1980s crisis, as Italy moved away from the heavy industry to pursue more technologically advanced and less polluting productions. So the Ligurian industry has turned towards a widely diversified range of high-quality and high-tech products (food, shipbuilding (in Sestri Ponente and in metropolitan area - Sestri Levante), electrical engineering and electronics, petrochemicals, aerospace etc.). Nonetheless, the regions still maintains a flourishing shipbuilding sector (yacht construction and maintenance, cruise liner building, military shipyards).[36] In the services sector, the gross value-added per worker in Liguria is 4% above the national average. This is due to the increasing diffusion of modern technologies, particularly in commerce and tourism. A good motorway network (Script error: No such module "convert". in 2000) makes communications with the border regions relatively easy. The main motorway is located along the coastline, connecting the main ports of Nice (in France), Savona, Genoa and La Spezia. The number of passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants (524 in 2001) is below the national average (584). On average, about 17 million tonnes of cargo are shipped from the main ports of the region and about 57 million tonnes enter the region.[36] The Port of Genoa, with a trade volume of 58.6 million tonnes[37] it is the first port of Italy,[38] the second in terms of twenty-foot equivalent units after the port of transshipment of Gioia Tauro, with a trade volume of 1.86 million TEUs.[37] The main destinations for the cargo-passenger traffic are Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Barcelona, and the Canary Islands.
The Aquarium of Genoa
The Aquarium of Genoa (in Italian: Acquario di Genova) is the largest aquarium in Italy and the second largest in Europe. Built for Genoa Expo '92, it is an educational, scientific and cultural centre. Its mission is to educate and raise public awareness as regards conservation, management and responsible use of aquatic environments. It welcomes over 1.2 million visitors a year.
Control of the entire environment, including the temperature, filtration, and lighting of the tanks was provided by local Automation Supplier Orsi Automazione, acquired in 2001 by Siemens. The Aquarium of Genoa is co-ordinating the AquaRing EU project. It also provides scientific expertise and a great deal of content for AquaRing, including documents, images, academic content and interactive online courses, via its Online Resource Centre.[39]
Visual art
Genoa has a rich artistic history, with numerous frescos, paintings, sculptures and other works of art held in the city's abundant museums, palaces, villas, art galleries and piazzas. Genoa is the birthplace and home of the 'Ligurian School', where the key figures were several native and foreign painters, such as Rubens, Van Dyck and Bernardo Strozzi.[40]
Much of the city's art is found in its churches and palaces, where there are numerous Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo frescos, such as in the Genoa Cathedral, the Church of Gesù and the Church of San Donato.[40]
Genoa is also famous for its numerous tapestries, which decorated the city's many salons. Whilst the patrician palaces and villas in the city were and still are austere and majestic, the interiors tended to be luxurious and elaborate, often full of tapestries, many of which were Flemish.[40]
The Teatro Carlo Felice, built in 1828 in the city in the Piazza De Ferrari, and named for the monarch of the then Kingdom of Sardinia (which included the present regions of Sardinia, Piedmont and Liguria). The theatre was the centre of music and social life in the 19th century. On various occasions in the history of the theatre, presentations have been conducted by Mascagni, Richard Strauss, Hindemith and Stravinsky.
On the occasion of the Christopher Columbus celebration in 1992, new musical life was given to the area around the old port, including the restoration of the house of Paganini and presentations of the Trallalero, the traditional singing of Genoese dock workers. Additionally, the city is the site of the Teatro Gustavo Modena, the only theatre to have survived the bombings of World War II relatively intact. The city is the site of the Niccolò Paganini music conservatory. In the town of Santa Margherita Ligure, the ancient Abbey of Cervara is often the site of chamber music concerts.
The city has also a tradition of folk music in Genoese dialect, like the trallalero (a polyphonic vocal music, performed by five men) and several songs, including the piece "Ma se ghe penso" (English: "But if I think about it"), a nostalgic memory of Genoa by an emigrant to Argentina.
The Genoese dialect (Zeneize) is the most important dialect of the Ligurian language, and is commonly spoken in Genoa alongside Italian. Ligurian is listed by Ethnologue as a language in its own right, of the Romance branch, and not to be confused with the ancient Ligurian language. Like the languages of Lombardy, Piedmont, and surrounding regions, it is of Gallo-Italic derivation.
There are two major football teams in Genoa: Genoa 1893 and Sampdoria; the former is the oldest football club operating in Italy. The football section of the club was founded in 1893 by James Richardson Spensley, an English doctor, and has won 9 championships (between 1898 and 1924) and 1 Italy Cup (season 1936/1937). U.C. Sampdoria was founded in 1946 from the merger of two existing clubs, Andrea Doria (founded in 1895) and Sampierdarenese (founded in 1911). Sampdoria has won one Italian championship (Serie A – Season 1990–1991), 4 Italy Cups, 1 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1989/90 and 1 Italian Super Cup. Both Genoa C.F.C. and U.C. Sampdoria play their home games in the Luigi Ferraris Stadium, which holds 36,536 spectators.
Popular foods of Genoese cuisine include pesto sauce, focaccia, farinata, stoccafisso (stockfish), and salsa di noci (walnut sauce). Fresh pasta (usually trofie) with pesto sauce is probably the most iconic among Genoese dishes. Pesto sauce is prepared with fresh basil, pine nuts, grated parmesan, garlic and olive oil pounded together.[41] Another popular dish which is common to Genoa is the minestrone, a thick soup made out of several vegetables and legumes, such as potatoes, beans, green beans, cabbages, pumpkins and zucchini.[42] Other soup dishes which are common to the city include the fish-consisting ciuppin (the precursor to San Francisco's cioppino, buridda, zemin (a soup with garbanzo beans), sbira and preboggion.[42] Other specialties are Ravioli al sugo (Ravioeu ao tocco), Pansoti di Rapallo (round ravioli filled with hard-boiled egg, spinach and grated cheese), Cappon Magro, Pandolce (Pandoçe) and Sacripantina. Is also known for its cheese filled pizza crust (focaccia al formaggio), although it is mainly typical of Recco (a town in the eastern Riviera), not far from Genoa.
Famous Genoese include Sinibaldo and Ottobuono Fieschi (Popes Innocent IV and Adrian V), Giovanni Battista Cybo (Pope Innocent VIII) and Giacomo della Chiesa (Pope Benedict XV), navigators Christopher Columbus, Antonio de Noli, Enrico Alberto d'Albertis, Enrico de Candia (Henry, Count of Malta) and Andrea Doria, composers Niccolò Paganini and Michele Novaro, Italian patriots Giuseppe Mazzini, Goffredo Mameli and Nino Bixio, writer and translator Fernanda Pivano, poet Edoardo Sanguineti, Communist politician Palmiro Togliatti, architect Renzo Piano, Physics 2002 Nobel Prize winner Riccardo Giacconi, Literature 1975 Nobel Prize winner Eugenio Montale, the court painter Giovanni Maria delle Piane (Il Mulinaretto) from the Delle Piane family, artists Vanessa Beecroft, Enrico Accatino, comedians Gilberto Govi, Paolo Villaggio, Beppe Grillo, Luca Bizzarri, Paolo Kessisoglu and Maurizio Crozza; singer-songwriters Fabrizio de André, Ivano Fossati, Umberto Bindi, Bruno Lauzi and Francesco Baccini, while Luigi Tenco and Gino Paoli are also known as Genoese singer-songwriters, although they are respectively from Cassine and Monfalcone; actor Vittorio Gassman, and actress Moana Pozzi, Giorgio Parodi who conceived the motorcycle company Moto Guzzi with Carlo Guzzi and Giovanni Ravelli. Some reports say the navigator & explorer Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) was also from Genoa, others say he was from Savona. Saints from Genoa include Romulus, Syrus, Catherine of Genoa. Among the latest generations, musicians like Andrea Bacchetti, Giulio Plotino, Sergio Ciomei, Lorenzo Cavasanti, Stefano Bagliano and Fabrizio Cipriani, as well as academics and authors like Michele Giugliano and Roberto Dillon, help in keeping the name of the city on the international spotlight in different fields among the arts, technology and culture.
The first organized forms of higher education in Genoa date back to the 13th century when private colleges were entitled to award degrees in Medicine, Philosophy, Theology, Law, Arts.[43] Today the University of Genoa, founded in the 15th century, is one of the largest in Italy, with 11 faculties, 51 departments and 14 libraries. In 2007–2008, the University had 41,000 students and 6,540 graduates.[44]
Genoa is also home to other colleges and academies:
- The Italian Shipping Academy
- The Ligurian Academy of Fine Arts
- The "Niccolò Paganini" Conservatory
- The Italian Hydrographic Institute
- The Grazia Deledda Academy and School
- The German School Of Genoa
The Italian Institute of Technology was established in 2003 jointly by the Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research and the Italian Minister of Economy and Finance, to promote excellence in basic and applied research. The main fields of research of the Institute are Neuroscience, Robotics, Nanotechnology, Drug discovery. The central research labs and headquarters are located in Morego, in the neighbourhood of Bolzaneto.[45]
Clemson University, based in South Carolina, United States has a villa in Genoa where architecture students and students in related fields can attend for a semester or year-long study program.
Florida International University (FIU), based in Miami, Florida, United States also has a small campus in Genoa, with the University of Genoa, which offers classes within the FIU School of Architecture.
Several cruise and ferry lines serve the passenger terminals in the old port, with a traffic of 3.2 million passengers in 2007.[46] MSC Cruises chose Genoa as one of its main home ports, in competition with the Genoese company Costa Cruises, which moved its home port to Savona. The quays of the passenger terminals extend over an area of 250 thousand square metres, with 5 equipped berths for cruise vessels and 13 for ferries, for an annual capacity of 4 million ferry passengers, 1.5 million cars and 250,000 trucks.[47] The historical maritime station of Ponte dei Mille is today a technologically advanced cruise terminal, with facilities designed after the world's most modern airports, to ensure fast embarking and disembarking of latest generation ships carrying thousand passengers. A third cruise terminal is currently under construction in the redesigned area of Ponte Parodi, once a quay used for grain traffic.
The Costa Concordia cruise ship, owned by Costs Cruises, is now parked at the port and will be soon be dismantled.[48]
Air transport
The Airport of Genoa (IATA: GOA, ICAO: LIMJ) is built on an artificial peninsula, Script error: No such module "convert". west[49] of the city. The airport is currently operated by Aeroporto di Genova S.P.A., which has recently upgraded the airport complex, that now connects Genoa with several daily flights to Rome, Naples, Paris, London, Madrid and Munich. In 2008, 1,202,168 passengers travelled through the airport,[50] with an increase of international destinations and charter flights.
Public transport
The main railway stations are Genoa Brignole and Genoa Principe, the first situated in the east side of the city centre, close to the business districts and the exhibition centre, while the second is in the west side, close to the port, the university and the historical centre. From these two stations depart the main trains connecting Genoa to France, Turin, Milan and Rome.
Genoa's third most important station is Genoa Sampierdarena, which serves the densely populated neighbourhood of Sampierdarena. A total of 23 other local stations serve the other neighbourhoods, on the 30-kilometre-long coast line from Nervi to Voltri, and on the northern line through Bolzaneto and the Polcevera Valley.
The municipal administration of Genoa is projecting to transform these urban railway lines to be part of the rapid transit system, which now consists of a light metro which connects Brin to the city centre and is called the Metropolitana di Genova (Genoa Metro). The metro line has been recently extended to Brignole Station, with the opening of the new station in December 2012. The Corvetto station between De Ferrari and Brignole is currently passed-through. A possible further extension towards the eastern, densely populated boroughs was planned, but the municipal administration is keen to improve the public transport investing in new tram lines instead of completing the extension of the light metro.[51] The current stations of the metro line are Brin-Certosa, Dinegro, Principe, Darsena, San Giorgio, Sant'Agostino and De Ferrari, and the line is Script error: No such module "convert". long.
The city's hilly nature has influenced transport provision, and the city is served by two funicular railways (the Zecca–Righi funicular and the Sant'Anna funicular), a rack railway (the Principe–Granarolo rack railway), and 10 public lifts.[52]
The city's metro, bus and trolleybus network is operated by AMT (Azienda Mobilità e Trasporti S.p.A.). There is also the Drin Bus - demand responsive transport service (DRT) that connects the hilly, low-density areas of Genoa.[53][54][55]
International relations
Genoa has bilateral agreements with the following sister cities:[56]
Notable residents
- Christopher Columbus, great explorer and navigator.
- Andrea Doria, condottiero and admiral.
- Doria Family
- Fieschi family
- Nicolo Paganini, violinist and musical genius.
- Pope Innocent IV
- Pope Adrian V
- Pope Innocent VIII
- Pope Benedict XV
See also
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- List of tallest buildings in Genoa
- MT Haven Amoco Haven tanker disaster
- ↑ Population data from Istat
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Urbanismi in Italia, 2011
- ↑ "Genoa: a bloody history, a beguiling present | Italy". London: Times Online. 2004-04-25. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
- ↑ 'Genoa Economy', World66.com.
- ↑ 'Italy: Industry', Encyclopedia of the Nations, Advameg, Inc.
- ↑ George Macesich, Issues in money and banking, (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000), p. 42.
- ↑ Alta Macadam, Northern Italy: From the Alps to Bologna, Blue Guides, 10th edn. (London: A. & C. Black, 1997).
- ↑ 'Selex ES: Company profile' LinkedIn Corporation.
- ↑ 'Ansaldo Energia: Company profile' LinkedIn Corporation.
- ↑ Giulia Petracco Sicardi, "Genova", in Dizionario di toponomastica, Torino, 1990, p. 355. Piera Melli (Genova Preromana, 2007), based on an inscription on a pottery shard reading Kainua, suggests that the Latin name may be a corruption of an older Etruscan one with an original meaning of "new town".
- ↑ Paul the Deacon, Historia Langobardorum, II.25
- ↑ Gregory I, Registrum Epistolarum, MGH Ep. 2, XI.14, p. 274
- ↑ Paul the Deacon, Historia Langobardorum, IV.45
- ↑ Steven A. Epstein, Genoa and the Genoese, 958-1528. (The University of North Carolina Press, 1996), p. 14
- ↑ Steven A. Epstein, Speaking of Slavery: Color, Ethnicity, and Human Bondage in Italy (Conjunctions of Religion and Power in the Medieval Past
- ↑ Before Columbus: Exploration and Colonization from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, 1229–1492
- ↑ Early modern Italy (16th to 18th centuries) » The 17th century crisis Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- ↑ Genoa 1684, World History at KMLA.
- ↑ "Italy officials convicted over G8". BBC News. 2008-07-15. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
- ↑ Perrin, British Flags, 1922, 22-25.
- ↑ Aldo Ziggioto, "Genova", in Vexilla Italica 1, XX (1993); Aldo Ziggioto, "Le Bandiere degli Stati Italiani", in Armi Antiche 1994, cited after Pier Paolo Lugli, 18 July 2000 on Flags of the World.
- ↑ transcription after the edition by Joaquín Rubio Tovar (2005).
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Tabelle climatiche 1971-2000 della stazione meteorologica di Genova-Sestri Ponente dall'Atlante Climatico 1971-2000 - Servizio Meteorologico dell'Aeronautica Militare
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Genoa Climate Guide".
- ↑ "La neve sulle coste del Mediterraneo".
- ↑ "Appunti di statistica meteorologica".
- ↑ "Visualizzazione tabella CLINO della stazione / CLINO Averages Listed for the station Genova (1961-1990)".
- ↑ Roberto Pedemonte (May 2012). "La neve sulle coste del Maditerraneo (seconda parte)". Rivista Ligure (in Italian) (Genoa) 12 (44). Retrieved 2014-06-28.
- ↑ "Testo del Regolamento sul sito del Comune di Genova". Retrieved 2009-04-11.
- ↑ Fonte: Il Secolo XIX, 17 ottobre 2008, pag. 25
- ↑ "Tourism – Comune di Genova". Turismo.comune.genova.it. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
- ↑ Abu-Lughod, J.L. (1991). Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350 (del 1250–1350). Oxford University Press. p. 125. ISBN 9780195067743. Retrieved 2014-12-03.
- ↑ Spruyt, H. (1996). The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change. Princeton University Press. p. 132. ISBN 9780691029108. Retrieved 2014-12-03.
- ↑ Scott, T. (2012). The City-State in Europe, 1000-1600: Hinterland, Territory, Region. OUP Oxford. p. 17. ISBN 9780199274604. Retrieved 2014-12-03.
- ↑ "Global city GDP 2011". Brookings Institution.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 "Eurostat". Circa.europa.eu. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 "Autorità Portuale di Genova – Traffico porto". Porto.genova.it. Retrieved 2008-12-26.
- ↑ "Inf_07_05_Statistiche dei trasporti marittimi 2002-2004" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-12-26.
- ↑ "AquaRing – home" (in italiano). Web.archive.org. 2007-10-12. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2009-07-25.
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 "Art And Culture In And Around Genoa". Premier.net. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
- ↑ "Pesto Genovese". Mangiareinliguria.it. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 "Article about Genoese Cuisine on the site http". //www.portofinoworld.com. 2009-03-24. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
- ↑ "A brief history of the University of Genoa". Orientamento.studenti.unige.it. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
- ↑ Facts and figures, University of Genoa
- ↑ The Italian Institute of Technology (IIT) at the Wayback Machine (archived February 9, 2008)
- ↑ Genoa Port Authority[dead link]
- ↑ "Autorità Portuale di Genova – Passeggeri". Porto.genova.it. Retrieved 2008-12-26.
- ↑ "Costa Concordia makes final voyage to its scrapyard grave". news.com.au. Retrieved 2014-12-03.
- ↑ "EAD Basic". Ead.eurocontrol.int. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
- ↑ "Official traffic statistics from Assaeroporti". Assaeroporti.it. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
- ↑ "Mobility Point and local press". Mobilitypoint.it. 2007-08-22. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
- ↑ "Al vostro servizio" [At your service] (in Italian). AMT Genova. Retrieved 2015-05-26.
- ↑ "Azienda Mobilità e Trasporti Spa". Amt.genova.it. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
- ↑ "SII – Sustainability Innovation Inventory" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-04-12.
- ↑ "drt bus video preview". Drtbus.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 [1], Comune di Genova - International
- ↑ "Twin-cities of Azerbaijan". Azerbaijans.com. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
- Gino Benvenuti. Le repubbliche marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia. Netwon Compton, Rome, 1989.
- Steven A. Epstein; Genoa & the Genoese, 958–1528 University of North Carolina Press, 1996; online edition
- Steven A. Epstein; "Labour and Port Life in Medieval Genoa." Mediterranean Historical Review. 3 (1988): 114–40.
- Steven A. Epstein; "Business Cycles and the Sense of Time in Medieval Genoa." Business History Review 62 (1988): 238–60.
- Face Richard. "Secular History in Twelfth-Century Italy: Caffaro of Genoa." Journal of Medieval History 6 (1980): 169–84.
- Hughes Diane Owen. "Kinsmen and Neighbors in Medieval Genoa." In The Medieval City, edited by Harry A. Miskimin, David Herlihy, and Adam L. Udovitch, 1977, 3–28.
- Hughes Diane Owen. "Urban Growth and Family Structure in Medieval Genoa." Past and Present 66 (1975): 3–28.
- Lopez Robert S. "Genoa." In Dictionary of the Middle Ages, pp. 383–87. 1982.
- Vitale Vito. Breviario della storia di Genova. Vols. 1–2. Genoa, 1955.
- Giuseppe Felloni – Guido Laura "Genova e la storia della finanza: una serie di primati ?" "Genoa and the history of finance: a series of firsts ?" 9 November 2004, ISBN 88-87822-16-6 (www.giuseppefelloni.it)
- Van Doosselaere, Quentin, Commercial Agreements and Social Dynamics in Medieval Genoa (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009).
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Genoa.
|Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Genoa.
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Linda Lovelace is a Porn Star from United States. She was born in Bronx on January 10, 1949. She is listed on FreeOnes since 2002 and is currently ranked 3941th place. She currently has 44 gallery links and 1 videos in her own FreeOnes section.
Our records show that Linda Lovelace passed away April 22, 2002, aged 53 and will therefore not produce any new content.

subset: commoncrawl


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MIDDLEBURY — During his four years on the House Agriculture Committee, Rep. Chris Bray, D-New Haven, has frequently advocated for farming practices and food policies that are socially responsible and add value to Vermont's food commodities.
He is now participating in just such a venture.
Vermont Coffee Company confirmed on Thursday the hiring of Bray as its executive vice president, one of four new positions recently added at the fast growing, Middlebury-based firm.
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MIDDLEBURY — A group of 18 Vermont inns and bed and breakfasts, led by the owners of the Swift House Inn in Middlebury, are offering free stays this winter to members of the Vermont National Guard, many of whom are returning home from a one-year tour of duty in Afghanistan.
Nearly 1,500 Vermont National Guard soldiers are returning home from Afghanistan after participating in the Vermont Guard's largest mobilization since World War II. The first soldiers returned home before Thanksgiving, and the rest are expected home by Christmas.
ADDISON — The Addison Volunteer Fire Department is wrapping up a year in which community members not only gave their time and efforts in responding to emergencies, but also reached into their wallets and gave financial support to the department.
The total raised from this month's tree lighting fund-raiser is not complete, but Geoff Nelson of the department's finance committee said a few thousand dollars has been raised so far, and a few donations are still coming in.
VERGENNES — A Vergennes Union High School boys' basketball team without a senior on the roster improved to 2-0 on Saturday, when the host Commodores used a 12-0 second-half run to erase Montpelier's one-point lead on the way to a 53-40 win.
Five Commodores scored in that outburst, which lasted 2:48, and only one of them was a starter — sophomore guard Shep Carter, who beat the third-quarter buzzer with a 10-foot runner to make it 34-29, VUHS.
ADDISON COUNTY — Vermont will officially enter winter next week having received $14.4 million of the total $14.9 million in heating fuel assistance that the federal government has thus far earmarked for the entire season.
And that $14.9 million total is considerably less than the $25.6 million the state received in federal heating fuel help last year.
Part 1: Business leaders making plea for economic development director
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New Behind The Scenes Shots From 40 BELOW AND FALLING!
Here's a couple more shots from the set of 40 BELOW AND FALLING that I'm producing along with Andrew Scholotiuk, Darren Arsenault, Corinne Ferguson, Pierre-Andre Rochat. The Director is Dylan Pearce who I leave alone now as much as I can as he is obviously focused on delivering his vision in 3D of course and 4K!
That snowmobile you see in the first shot plays a very key role in the movie and it's cool to see it in the flesh rather than read about it in the script! You can see Shawn Roberts (Redford) behind it with the boom mic extended - a chilly day but rewarding for all.
The second shot is of Jewel Staite (Kate) outfitted in a formal gown. Being shot in Edmonton and it's Northern Alberta region, it's definitely brisk in winter; but as we know and many, many other productions, that country is simply gorgeous. And the story demands it! Can't wait for you to see it.
It's extremely interesting to be a part of the mechanism behind making a movie and this crew is absolutely top notch. And day to day planning is of utmost concern especially with an outdoors winter production. For those of you not in the know, we get daily Call Sheets outlining everything you can imagine from call times to set requirements to locations all methodically laid out and in order. It's wonderful to see it all come together so elegantly.
Starring high in demand Canadian actress Jewel Staite (series regular on Joss Whedon's hit TV show Firefly and his feature film Serenity, and star of the AMC/Netflix drama series The Killing) and Canadian actor Shawn Roberts (star in the hit movie franchise Resident Evil, co-star in Edge of Darkness, and X-Men) – 40 Below and Falling tells the story of Kate Carter, a teacher from a small, Northern Canadian town, who is moving back to the big city for her wedding. After quitting her job and packing up her life, Kate feels certain that this is the future she has always wanted – that is until her flight gets cancelled by a blizzard and she meets a surly stranger named Redford. With all road travel being suspended, Kate is forced to hop on the back of Redford's snowmobile and embark on an adventure that will leave her questioning the decision she has made about the man she is set to marry.
For the full boilerplate for the movie, be sure to check it out here. More cool stuff when I can get it for you - stay tuned!


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Marquette University's Excellence in University Service Award Program recognizes individuals for their contributions to the essential work of Marquette at the highest level of excellence. A common thread among recipients is meritorious service above and beyond the duties normally assigned to their positions.
Four members of the Marquette community who exemplify the university's mission will be honored at the award program on Tuesday, April 17, from 2:45 to 4:45 p.m. in the Monaghan Ballroom of the Alumni Memorial Union.
"Her title does not reflect the amount of responsibility she undertakes each day," said a nominator. "The office would not function efficiently without Michele. Aside from maintaining a high level of professionalism in all she does, Michele is a kind and generous woman. New employees meet Michele first, and she serves as the department's greatest ambassador."
Gaeth performs a variety of tasks to ensure that the School of Dentistry runs smoothly, serving a critical support role for the school's educational and service missions.
"I learned from the beginning that there is a way to plan events and then there is a way to plan 'Marquette' events," said a nominator about Gottfreid, whose Marquette career has included service in Alumni Relations, Facilities Services, Marketing and Communication, and Special Events. Some of her recent projects include the Pére Marquette sculpture, graphics at the Al McGuire Center and the Stollenwerk walkway. "I learned how to be a good mentor from her and I now share that knowledge with new colleagues. 'Whatever it takes to get the job done and to make the alum, donor or friend happy and important' is what she instilled in me and so many others here at Marquette," the nominator said.
Although Jablonski passed away in fall 2006, his legacy on campus is evident in the Student Safety Program, the Avenues West Police Substation, the university's Critical Incident Management and Business Continuity Plan, Public Safety's Command Information Center and the department's relationship with the Milwaukee Police Department.
"Paul was genuinely concerned with you as a person," said a nominator. "He was very personable, approachable and resourceful. Paul loved Marquette and everything it stands for, and his love rubbed off on those who worked with him side-by-side. It would not be an overstatement to say that Paul has left an indelible mark on Marquette University."


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Violin shop and repair services at Corilon violins
Our specialist atelier will also accept commissions for service repairs, bow rehair and adjustments for your master violin, fine violin, or viola (national and international). Please contact us for a quote and instructions for sending in your instrument.


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Thursday, March 13, 2008
The Genealogist and Cornhusker
When my brother and I were in early grade school Mom decided to take us to a cemetery. It wasn't too far from home, but in the country here in Nebraska. Mom was working on a special project and it was summer...what a great family outing this would be. What she didn't realize was that my brother and I would find every bug in the cemetery. We actually did not want to go and so once the bugs started biting we threatened her that we would telll Dad that she had taken us to the cemetery and that's where the welts came from on our legs and arms. Dad never said a thing because he knew Mom's obsession.
My Dad passed away last year and there's a Cornhusker hellmet on his tombstone. Mom's side has a tree with "Genealogist" under it. Now Mom and I are in the same town and having fun together, doing the things mothers and daughters do. I have noticed though that she is tempting my nine year old daughter into genealogy....taking her to cemeteries, libraries and helping her with the family tree. It never seems to end.
2 comments:
Hi Susie, I enjoyed reading your blog. I'm a genealogist also and currently working on a Genealogy Trip to Salt Lake City from Scottsbluff, NE. Your Mom has contacted Floyd about the trip and told us about your website.ReplyDelete
My mother wasn't a Genealogist but she was the "Family Cemeterian". That's my word for the relative that's in charge of decorating all the family graves in Fairview Cemetery, Rushville, NE, each Memorial Day.
She was almost obsessed with what a pretty cemetery we had. It never failed that whenever we had visitors, Mom would drive them up to the cemetery to see the graves.
My cousin told me this story years ago. On a trip back to see her mother, the highway passed the road to the cemetery. Her daughter said "Oh Look! There's the Cemetery where Auntie Flo lives". I guess Mom had taken them to the cemetery so many times that Janie just thought she lived there.
Good luck on your blog.
Sincerely, Jeanie Knudtson
Hi Susie,ReplyDelete
Thanks for coming to the fair last night. Tyrah is doing a good job. I think she's caught the Genealogy Pox from her Grandmother.
Your mom is so great. I'm so glad she moved back. She's like a set of jumper cables. Our Society was dying a quick death and she comes back and jump starts the whole Society. She's just what we needed.
We'll have to drag you and Tyrah out on a cemetery prowl the next time we go. You'll have a blast. Your Mom is a hoot to watch with the witching sticks.


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text: Hi all, Moniteos - v 2.7 - is a Java based management software for clustering developed by Alineos. Not only moniteos can be reached by a simple browser, it has got, moreover, real time monitoring, parallel command plus an interactive and intuitive OpenPBS interface. If you would like to obtain it, please visit our website www.alineos.com. Please feel free to comment. -- John Morelle | http://www.alineos.com mailto:jmorelle at alineos.com | tel/fax +33 1 64 78 57 65/66 ALINEOS SA, 14 bis rue du Maréchal Foch, F-77780 Bourron Marlotte France


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Words by Josh Zickert, photos by Sean Reilly
What's up?
It's the nk crew checking in from Dalton, Georgia. Our Dysfunctional Family video just dropped and we're on an east coast tour see the reactions of the video and party with the locals.
The entire crew couldn't make it – Kale's been surfing and skating the world. Choppy is a liability and hasn't been on an NK tour for 4 years. He's shredding in Portland on Hannibal Lector status. Ian Okui just won the ES' game of skate and is busy hitting up other contests on the island, however Kays and Reilly took 3 flights and because of alcohol abuse and womanizing a 12-hour trip turned into 30! Boby Gnarly & Adrian "the mack daddy" Mcelhaney flew out from LA with an emergency landing in DC. Shooter McGavin and the Muska were on the flight. Props to Muska for covering the cab fare from JFK to JZ's apt in the east village. Coming out of Denver Dave Davis and Trevor Uriona also had a dysfunctional arrival to the big apple with a 15 hr layover in Cincinnati due to stormy weather. Katch arrived late in the night unbenounced. We skated through the L.E.S. and hit up Gallery Bar on Orchard St. where DJ Brooklyn Dawn handled the beats, the NK video played while katch bombed the walls of the spot and we handled the bar. The night ended with a fiesta at JZ's leading to an eviction phone call the next morning.
We popped in the van for our first stop on this 11- day tour to The Skate Lair in Enfield, CT. Traffic leaving Manhattan on Friday afternoon was gnarly which caused us to be 4 hours late. Luckily, Brendan Leung had flown out from Santa Cruz, CA to Cohasset, MA two weeks earlier to visit family and drove down, traffic free, to get the demo poppin' off solo. We skated late into the night with the locals on the street course outside the shop. The Red Bull Jersey barrier got hit up with Reilly pulling off a 1-shoed blunt fakie (Davis stole the other). After all the groms went home we seshed the bowl in the back of the shop. Pool coping, budweisers, Tato Feliciano, Dirty, Munday & his posse, and the NK crew…all skatin tough. Munday and Jed styled us out with houses to crash at.
Cruised up to North Hampton, MA next to do a demo for The Boardroom. The session was hot with Kays smith grinding around the corner of the 13 foot deep end of the bowl & JZ front rocking it. Trevor snappin a nollie 3 down the big 6 and Brendan back tailing the hubba and a surprise caballerial firecracker down the big 6. The demo was officially over when Chris Martin, our photographer slammed and broke his wrist. A heavy blow to the crew which left us to shoot our own digi flix the rest of the trip. Cruised back to chill with Jay at the The Boardroom and handled the product toss. Dope shop and rad crew for sure.
Next we Linked up with the Lair crew again to skate Josh's backyard bowl, a masterpiece Animal Chin would have been hyped on. The locals ripped it & our crew got busy with Kays straight mutilating it, Davis nose blunting the finger tip extension & Gnarly f's 5-0'ing the over vert corner. Katch was flying around fast as shit and Reilly fell off the rooftop of the shed attempting a serious melon grab acid drop!! We nearly lost another soldier so we decided to jump in the van for the 8-hour trek south to Ocean City, MD. On the way we had to lighten the van load so Seamus Murphy, James Mcguinnes a.k.a."Kicky McFlippy" and Majors along with a bottle of Sailor Jerry's Rum were dropped off at 3:00 AM at Newark International Airport to grab a train back to NYC. They will be missed.
Now with some extra legroom we handled the 6-hour drive arriving a little after dawn to get a few hours of sleep before our demo with The Swirld World and Dimensions Skate Shop at the Ocean Bowl located just a block from the beach. The locals killed it. Adrian scored the first street footie of the trip. Next we hit up American Dan's spine ramp for a couple hours with the Ocean Pines skate rats. Katch hit the walls and we bounced to session Jim's backyard ramp -2 kegs and BBQ to celebrate the birth of his baby on the day of our arrival..crazy huh? Thanks Jim- Congrats.
Awoke in a drunkn munky stooper to jump in the van for an 18-hour drive south to Dalton, Georgia. A day packed in the van with no skating and straight chillin' was proper. The crew hadn't really kicked it since our last tour in Cali to finish the video, so it was rad for everyone to catch up.
Got some sleep in Tenessee & bailed the super 8 motel by noon and were at the North Georgia Skatepark by 3pm for our demo inside the shop on the mini ramp. Everyone handled their bizz especially on the vert extension.
And than we took it to the courts where they had a bunch of dirty south style make shift ramps and benches where the Mack Daddy sizzled it like only Little Weezy could …just 5 miles from the birthplace of the KKK! Brendan, JZ, Gnarly and Trevor kicked off the waffle house launch ramp over the wall. One kid told Reilly, the designated filmer of the day, "I think that wall there be getting in their way!" The locals were hyped – we had to be escorted into the courts by the police! It was madness. Loretta, the owner of the shop, set us up by giving us an open tab at the bar/Mexican restaurant and letting us crash at her beautiful house in the back country of the Geroge woods. We are writing this update from poolside drinkin some Bud with our homie Weiser right now.
6 days left and 5 more stops.


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Sir Charles Mackerras triumphs at Classical Brit awards
In a ceremony dominated by artists from the major record labels, it was Sir Charles Mackerras's much-lauded recording of Mozart Symphonies Nos 38-41 on independent label Linn that won over the critics at the Classical Brit awards last night. Sir Charles, who accepted the award in person, reiterated his comment to the Royal Albert Hall audience that the disc was his 'last word' on these works and that he was in the middle of preparing to record a 'follow-up'.
Other winners at the ceremony, presented by Myleene Klass, included trumpeter Alison Balsom (female artist of the year), Howard Goodall (composer of the year) and the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards who were awarded album of the year for Spirit of the Glen: Journey recorded in Iraq during a tour of duty. Gustavo Dudamel won male artist of the year while violinist Alina Ibragimova was the winner of the young performer award.
The Classical Brits featured an eclectic mix of performances including a two-piano arrangement of Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue played by Lang Lang and jazz pianist Herbie Hancock. Placido Domingo and Katherine Jenkins performed A Mother's Wonderment together while Jose Carreras sang following his acceptance of the lifetime achievement award. Other performances were given by Faryl Smith, The Priests and Alison Balsom.
For a full run-down of the winners, visit www.classicalbrits.co.uk
- Article Type: | News |


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Baby & Kids Online Shopping in Australia
Looking for Baby & Kids online in Australia? Browse our retailers below. Each time you make a purchase, the retailers below will donate a percentage of your purchase to a cause of your choice! There's no extra fee for you, and you get the Baby & Kids you're looking for.
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In the News
Original journalism from the Center's OpenSecrets News
Rising star Kamala Harris enters 2020 race with short, but solid fundraising history
January 22, 2019 | Senator Kamala Harris of California, a rising Democratic star, entered the 2020 presidential field having established herself as a capable fundraiser.
The usual suspects placed bets on this year's most competitive races
November 28, 2018 | Winning Democratic challengers and losing incumbent Republicans drew from very different sources of funding during the 2018 election.
Waning Influence? Part 3: Ups and Downs, by Industry
December 22, 2014 | This report is the third (part 1/part 2) in a series examining the years-long decline in both spending on lobbyists and the number of active lobbyists. Overall spending on lobbying has been on a downward trajectory since 2010 and the number of active lobbyists has seen an even longer-term and more drastic drop. Previous entries…
Lobbying in First Six Months Almost Level With Previous Year
July 30, 2014 | Spending on K Street through the first half of this year is barely lower than it was last year — perhaps an early sign that the lobbying industry is coming out of its slide. Federal lobbying expenditures have slipped from a high of $3.55 billion in 2010 to $3.23 billion last year, for reasons not fully…
McConnell May Coast on Tuesday, but the Money is Still Big
May 16, 2014 | Matt Bevin was considered, at one time, a possibly serious threat to Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.). No more: When Republican voters go to the polls on Tuesday to select their nominee, McConnell will likely win by a wide margin. Still, the early threat froom Bevin has helped push fundraising in the race sky-high. The two GOP…
And the Nominees for Biggest Donor Are…
January 17, 2014 | The glitterati of Hollywood spend big bucks to maintain lavish lifestyles. What's a little campaign contribution now and then?
Spending on Lobbying Keeps Slipping
October 31, 2013 | Only 20 of the 90 industries CRP tracks upped its lobbying expenditures from the second quarter of 2013 to the third, while 69 spent less.
Sanford and Colbert Busch Roughly Even On Cash, not on Outside Spending
May 3, 2013 | The candidates facing off in Tuesday's special election in South Carolina have roughly the same amount of money at their disposal. But the outside spending in the race -- fueled by the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee and House Majority PAC -- heavily favors Colbert Busch.
Capital Eye Opener, August 22nd: Romney's Oil Plans, Rockers Reject Ryan, California Campaign Reform
August 24, 2012 | Romney announces his plans to change the American energy industry -- just as the oil and gas industry injects a huge flood of cash into his campaign, rockers blast Paul Ryan, but don't put their money where their mouth is, and California considers public financing of campaigns.
Super PAC Spending Skews Right As Heavy Hitters Tap Familiar Sources of Cash
August 22, 2012 | Super PAC spending has taken a hard turn for the right -- conservative super PACs have now spent $100 million more than their liberal counterparts. But who is funding super PACs? It turns out several of the top super PACs have developed distinctive bases of financial support.
Romney's Gender Gap Widens and Super PACs on Left Narrow Money Gap with Right: Our Breakdown of the June Reports
July 27, 2012 | The share of Romney's fundraising take from women hits a new low for 2012, while Obama's is again on the rise, and Wall Street falls out of the top five industry donors to the Republican candidate. And the gap between liberal and conservative super PAC spending is narrowing.
Capital Eye Opener, July 6: $200M Ad Spending, Pauls' Internet Crusade, McCotter's Saucy Script
July 6, 2012 | Campaign for Liberty, a libertarian activist group run by Rep. Ron Paul and his son, Sen. Rand Paul, has released a manifesto pushing for 'free Internet', according to Buzzfeed, signaling a shift in focus for the family's libertarian cause.
OpenSecrets.org Details What Special Interest Groups Spent Most on Third-Quarter Lobbying
October 31, 2011 | During the third quarter of 2011, more than 10,000 individual lobbyists actively worked to advance the interests of their clients and monitored political developments in the nation's capital. That's roughly 20 lobbyists for every member of Congress.
Health Sector, Lawyers, Hollywood and Tech Industry Favor Obama With Campaign Cash
October 25, 2011 | Though President Barack Obama may no longer be Wall Street's preferred candidate, Obama continues to win the support of several smaller sectors and interest groups, including lawyers, health professionals, the technology industry and Hollywood.
New Feature on OpenSecrets.org Highlights Top Contributors to Debt Supercommittee Members
August 17, 2011 | Many special interest groups have invested heavily in supercommittee members on both sides of the aisle, including the securities and investment firms, the real estate industry and health professionals, according to new research by the Center for Responsive Politics.
Financial Sector Helps Barack Obama Score Big Money for Re-election Fight
July 22, 2011 | One-third of the money President Barack Obama's elite fund-raising corps has raised on behalf of his re-election has come from the financial sector, according to a new Center for Responsive Politics analysis. Individuals who work in the finance, insurance and real estate sector are responsible for raising at least $11.3 million for Obama's campaign and the Democratic National Committee, according to the Center's research.
OpenSecrets Blog's PolitiQuizz: Which GOP Presidential Candidates Has Jim DeMint Previously Supported?
July 11, 2011 | Sen. Jim DeMint (R-S.C.), who has become the must-have endorsement for GOP presidential hopefuls, plans on holding off any campaign support for now.
OpenSecrets Blog's PolitiQuizz: How Much Money Did the Music Industry Give to Thad McCotter?
July 5, 2011 | Although a music festival in Whitmore Lake, Mich., may not have been the most high-profile venue for GOP Rep. Thad McCotter's announcement that he's running for president, it makes sense based on the congressman's hobby and supporters.
Finance Sector Loves Tim Pawlenty, Whirlpool Loves Tax Credits and More in Capital Eye Opener: March 22
March 22, 2011 | Republican Tim Pawlenty, who yesterday launched a presidential exploratory committee, built a massive war chest during the 2010 election cycle to aid fellow Republicans. Who was fueling this money machine?
MSNBC's Joe Scarborough, Suspended Over Political Donations, Has Political History of His Own
November 19, 2010 | MSNBC's newest suspension victim is former Congressman Joe Scarborough (R-Fla.), the current co-host of the network's "Morning Joe" program. Scarborough's recent political contributions build upon a history of giving to Republican candidates.
Top Industries Put Brakes On Federal Lobbying Spending During Third Quarter
November 18, 2010 | Despite expending massive sums of money, some of the industries most active in lobbying the 111th Congress slowed their spending during this year's third quarter in the face of the midterm elections and a changing political tide, according to a Center for Responsive Politics analysis of federal data.
OpenSecrets Blog PolitiQuizz: Which Congressional Race has Racked Up the Highest Price Tag?
October 12, 2010 | With less than a month left until ballots will be cast for congressional seats nationwide, this week's PolitiQuizz asks you to investigate the money behind the 2010 elections.
OpenSecrets Blog PolitiQuizz: Which Congressional Star Makes the Most from Entertainers?
October 4, 2010 | This week's PolitiQuizz asks you to dive into the world of the TV, movies and the music industry.
Tea Party Caucus Members Bankrolled by Health Professionals, Retirees, Oil Interests
July 30, 2010 | A Center for Responsive Politics analysis shows that the biggest contributors to the 49 members of the newly-established congressional Tea Party caucus -- it so far includes only Republican -- are health professionals, retired individuals, the real estate industry and oil and gas interests. Furthermore, donations from health professionals, oil and gas interests and Republican and conservative groups are, on average, higher for Tea Party caucus members than for members of the House of Representatives in general and even their fellow House Republicans.
Capital Eye Opener: Monday, August 31
August 31, 2009 | THE (UN)CONSTITUTION STATE: As much of the country patiently awaits next week's Supreme Court case that could re-shape campaign finance rules, a judge in Connecticut is making his own waves. Judge Stefan Underhill ruled last week that the state's public financing system for state lawmakers and candidates "puts an unconstitutional burden on minor party candidates' First Amendment right to political opportunity."
Health Interests, Lobbyists Rank High Among Industries Increasing Campaign Contributions
August 19, 2009 | Political action committees and individuals associated with health industries, each of which are intimately involved in the nation's ongoing health care reform debate, are donating more to federal candidates during the second quarter of 2009 than the first quarter, according to a Center for Responsive Politics analysis.
Health, Energy and Finance Sectors Dominate 2nd Quarter Lobbying
July 29, 2009 | Want to launch your own investigation into second quarter lobbying expenditures? Start here.
Entertainment Divisions Drive Network Giving to Obama
June 25, 2009 | ABC employees have favored Obama with their campaign cash. The big caveat? These sums are not just from the news division, and employees of the network's entertainment divisions fueled such giving.
Power Players: Environmental, Women's Groups Place Faith in Boxer
February 26, 2009 | Capital Eye's Power Player series continues this week with a look at Sen. Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.), chair of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee. Boxer's top donors include environmentalists, women's rights groups and the entertainment industry.
Professors Spent Their Summer Vacations Giving to Obama
August 26, 2008 | While school was out, college professors and other educators were putting money into Barack Obama's presidential campaign, according to a new analysis of the Democratic nominee's summer fundraising. Educators contributed at least $2.3 million to his campaign in June and July, surpassed only by lawyers, who make up Obama's top-giving industry since the campaign's start, and retirees.
Cost of '08 Presidential Race Already Tops All Elections Prior to '04
February 4, 2008 | While Republicans saw gains, exclusive analysis of year-end contributions finds Democrats maintained their hold on most top-giving industries. Lawyers, retirees and Wall Street still dominate. Candidates are on pace to break 2004 records before parties officially nominate.
Most Presidential Bundlers Work in Law, Finance, Real Estate
December 20, 2007 | More than half of the top fund-raisers for the 2008 presidential candidates come from just three segments of the U.S. economy: law, finance and real estate, according to a new study of these bundlers.
Biggest Donors Are Digging Deeper for '08
November 15, 2007 | Top industries and interest groups have increased their giving over 2004 by 46 percent, Center finds. As money shifts to Democrats, giving from Republican strongholds is mostly flat.
Retirees Got Active in Presidential Campaign's 3rd Quarter
November 1, 2007 | Exclusive analysis finds lawyers are still the biggest givers to candidates for the White House, but retired contributors have edged out Wall Street. A year before '08 election, Democrats have the edge in nearly every major industry.
Exploring Fred Thompson's Finances
August 3, 2007 | Southern donors, lawyers, retirees and investors are major backers to the undeclared candidate's exploratory committee, the Center for Responsive Politics finds.
The Stars Come Out
April 18, 2007 | Politicians looking to become fundraising superstars often have to win over the hearts of Hollywood, New York and everywhere else that movies and television shows are made. Both Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama have proven successful in wooing the entertainment industry at fund-raisers in Los Angeles. After the first quarter, Clinton ended up with nearly…
And the Political Contribution Goes To…
February 28, 2007 | This year's Oscar nominees weren't especially active political givers in the last election cycle, but the larger entertainment industry was. By Lindsay Renick Mayer February 28, 2007 | (This story has been corrected to reflect Martin Scorsese's best director win for "The Departed," as well as the director's political contributions.) Academy Awards acceptance speeches have…
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Visit our main website at www.StDavids.com
Rosalyn Carson-DeWitt, MD
Viral pharyngitis is a sore, inflamed throat.
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
Viral pharyngitis is may be caused by one of several viruses. It often occurs with other viral infections, such as a
common cold
or the
Viral pharyngitis is more common in children and adolescents. Other factors that may increase your chance of viral pharyngitis include:
Viral pharyngitis may cause:
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Most viral sore throats are diagnosed based on the symptoms and an examination of the throat. Sometimes, the throat will be swabbed to make sure that the sore throat isn't due to a bacterial strep infection.
There are no treatments to cure viral pharyngitis. Most cases of viral pharyngitis heal on their own within about a week.
Treatments to relieve symptoms include:
Sore throat pain can be treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Aspirin is not recommended for children with a current or recent viral infection. Check with your doctor before giving your child aspirin.
You can relieve symptoms by:
To help reduce your chance of viral pharyngitis:
American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery
Family Doctor—American Academy of Family Physicians
The College of Family Physicians of Canada
Health Canada
Bisno AL. Acute pharyngitis.
N Engl J Med. 2001;344(3):205-211.
Coco A, Kleinhans E. Prevalence of primary HIV infection in symptomatic ambulatory patients.
Ann Fam Med. 2005;3(5):400-404.
Frye R, Bailey J, Blevins AE. Clinical inquiries. Which treatments provide the most relief for pharyngitis pain? J Fam Pract. 2011;60(5):293-294.
Murray RC, Chennupati SK.
Chronic streptococcal and non-streptococcal pharyngitis.
Infect Discord Drug Targets. 2012;12(4):281-285.
Pharyngitis. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated April 25, 2014. Accessed September 30, 2014.
Recognizing primary HIV-1 infection.
Infect Med. 1999;16(2):104-108,110.
Sore throats. American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery website. Available at:
http://www.entnet.org/content/sore-throats. Accessed September 30, 2014.
The respiratory tract and its infections.
Harv Health Lett. 2010;35(4):1-4.
Last reviewed August 2015 by David Horn, MD
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
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USD Research Park to Host National Conference
SIOUX FALLS - The University of South Dakota Research Park will host a national conference focusing on small business research in October.
Nearly 500 people are expected to take part in the National Institutes of Health's 15th annual Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer Conference in Sioux Falls on Oct. 28-30.
The two programs are part of the U.S. Small Business Administration. They provide research funding to small businesses interested in commercializing new technologies.
The conference will cover topics like protecting intellectual property and creating university spinoff businesses.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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The Word Alive Unveil Behind-the-Scenes Photos of Upcoming 'Life Cycles' Video – Exclusive
The Word Alive have been riding high on the success of their second full-length album, 'Life Cycles,' and the Phoenix-based metalcore band is set to continue the 2012 disc's momentum with a recently shot video for the album's title track. In anticipation of the clip's release later this month, the band has teamed up with Loudwire to offer exclusive behind-the-scenes photos of the video shoot.
Regarding the video, singer Tyler 'Telle' Smith tells us, "We chose to go with director Frankie Nasso because he was very passionate about this song in particular. 'Life Cycles' has undoubtedly been one of our most impactive songs for our fans, and we wanted the passion we put into the song to translate into a video. We wanted it to be raw, energetic, and really transparent emotionally. We shot in a huge warehouse with a week's notice for our fans to come out, and they did. It was amazing to see hundreds of our fans lined up before we started shooting, it will definitely be an experience no one involved will ever forget. We hope you enjoy the video, and can't wait to see you singing along at the next show!"
Speaking of the band's shows, the Word Alive are currently in the UK touring with Sleeping WIth Sirens before returning to the States for a series of shows in June. Check out their full itinerary here.
Pick up the Word Alive's 'Life Cycles' album through Fearless Records or iTunes, and check out the exclusive behind-the-scenes photos from the 'Life Cycles' video shoot below:
The Word Alive, Behind the Scenes of 'Life Cycles' Video Shoot:


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DOWNINGTOWN, PA – Victory Brewing Company made the decision yesterday to no longer offer brewery tours.
According to Co-Founder Bill Covaleski, the decision wasn't easy, but necessary in order to keep up with production operations as demand for beer has increased.
Below is a letter from Covaleski to fans, posted on the Victory Blog yesterday.
I have Etta James singing I'd Rather Go Blind playing in my head as I write this. Her take on the song is languid, soulful and resolute. More a statement than a lament. It's perfectly aligned with the sobering news I have to deliver to you, so if you have it on your playlist, cue it up now.
Barely two weeks ago I was enjoying a great Philly Beer Week break by lunching with a friend at Garces Trading Company. While the two of us savored an outstanding appetizer — thin sliced asparagus and goat ricotta drenched in a porcini vinaigrette — I somewhat morbidly mused out loud: "If you had to make the terrible choice of losing your vision or your sense of taste, which would it be?" Simultaneously and immediately, both of us pronounced, "vision."
As disturbing as this self-imposed dilemma may sound on the surface, the response and reasoning that come from considering it lead to a greater understanding of one's priorities. For both of us, the sensual appeal of flavor trumped the impact that the visual world impresses on our brains. To never savor the bracing bite of a Tettnang-hopped pilsner or the cool harmony of malt and hops in a cask-conditioned beer ever again? I simply could not survive that reality. Hopefully, I'll never have to make that call.
Unfortunately, there was a challenging call that did have to be made at Victory Brewing Company. Those of you who have been fortunate enough to have peeked behind the artisanal/industrial curtain by touring our brewing operations over the last 15 years, consider yourself lucky. You have a memory that no one else can now achieve. As of July 4, we are choosing taste over vision. The world will go "blind" to our brewery operations as tours will no longer be available.
Similar to the great dilemma discussion I had over lunch, we evaluated our priorities and needs in order to make this decision. The reality we now face, as brewing and cellar operations become a 7 day a week labor due to swelling orders, is that we cannot safely conduct both tours and business in tight spaces. In essence, you, as a consumer, made the dire decision for us. Your thirst for flavorful Victory beers has stolen your vision of their creation. We are truly sorry to present this news to you. At this time, there is no other option, despite the hand-wringing and postulating that took place during the many meetings we spent discussing this predicament.
So, let Etta soothe your soul and this time modify the lyrics you sing to "ÔǪ I would rather go blind, boy, than to have you not make beer, for meÔǪ"
Please Note: While visiting the brewery for a first-hand tour will no longer be an option, you will still get a glimpse of our behind-the-scenes action through blog posts, videos, and photos.


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A very cute family. This set, including a duck mother and her three lovable ducklings, expresses togetherness. The adorable characters sparkle in clear crystal with beaks in Vintage Rose and eyes in Jet crystal. As beautiful as in nature. Decoration object. Not a toy. Not suitable for children under 15.
Current price & order: Ducks


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Highfields Capital Management has increased its stake in Canadian coffee and doughnut chain Tim Hortons from 1.5 percent to around 4 percent this year, a source familiar with the situation told Reuters Wednesday.
A Highfields spokeswoman declined to comment. A Tim Hortons spokesman was not immediately available for comment.
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Hedge fund Highfields Capital, which has a track record of bringing about change at other firms, wants Tim Hortons to boost returns through debt-funded share buybacks and a scaling back of U.S. expansion plans, according to documents seen by Reuters and two sources familiar with the matter.
Reuters first reported the news of Highfields' behind-the-scenes agitation Tuesday night.
(Reporting by Jessica Toonkel; Editing by Lisa Von Ahn)