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December 11, 2013, New York N.Y.……Edith "Edie" Windsor, the plaintiff in the June 2013 Supreme Court decision that struck down the so-called "Defense of Marriage Act," on the editorial short list of 5 – coming in at #3 - for Time magazine's person of the year, capping off a year of landmark progress for equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people.
Every December, Time magazine chooses from five finalists one "Person of the Year." In addition, Windsor was a finalist in the public online poll, a clear demonstration of the growing public support for marriage equality and the power of her story and fight for equality and dignity for her marriage and life with Thea Spyer and the thousands of other same-sex couples in the U.S. and around the world.
"I am honored that Time chose me as one of the number 3 individuals in the top 5 nominees for 'Person of the Year,' but I am just one person who was part of the extraordinary and on-going fight for marriage equality for all our families, " said Edie Windsor. "There are thousands of people who helped us come this far and we still have a lot more work to do. The gay community is my 'person of the year' and I look forward to continuing to fight for equal rights and educate the public about our lives alongside my gay brothers and sisters and our allies," Windsor continued. "Even without taking the 'Person of the Year' even being in the top 5 is an extraordinary way to end a year that has been historic for all of us and truly spectacular for me and gave me the chance to tell my story via Time through an interview and audio interview with photo slideshow. Thea would be thrilled, proud and so happy to see what we have all accomplished together," concluded Windsor.
"Designing Edie's website has been a collaborative effort with one of my heroes and a labor of love for me personally," said Carla Grande, a New York based agent, producer and web designer who has worked in the fields of photography, illustration, design and fine art for over twenty-five years. "Creating an online resource for 'all things Edie' has been a joy and an unforgettable experience," Grande continued. "From the landing page video chronicling Edie's life with Helen Reddy's "I am Woman" in the background [Note: song used with permission of the artist] to the sections of the site that offer a glimpse into Edie and Thea's relationship, Edie's life and the highlights of the DOMA case, the award-winning documentary 'Edie and Thea: A Long Engagement' and her other activism, my hope is everyone who visits this site is inspired by Edie, her life and the power of one person standing up to injustice," concluded Grande.
The site, ediewindsor.com has many components, in addition to the landing page video that is a short chronicle of Edie's life and produced by the same team that created the documentary film, Susan Muska, Gréta Olafsdóttir, dozens of photographs, highlights of her fight against DOMA and information and links to "Edie's causes."
EXTENSIVE PROFILE AND VIDEO AT http://poy.time.com/2013/12/11/runner-up-edith-windsor-the-unlikely-activist/


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The Supreme Court yesterday made an important decision that will improve the lives of millions of people and bring stability to American families across the country.
The decision was extremely close, with Chief Justice Roberts siding with the liberals in what many think is an effort to salvage some respect for the court.
I posted President Obama's speech yesterday and highly recommend it to you, if you still haven't seen it. Here are some of the real effects of the Affordable Care Act. Talk to your friends, family and anyone who will listen about the real provisions in the law. The amount of misinformation in the public sphere is crazy, we must correct at least some of it.
- Insurance companies no longer have unchecked power to cancel your policy, deny you coverage, or charge women more than men.
- Soon, no American will ever again be denied care or charged more due to a pre-existing condition, like cancer or even asthma.
- Preventive care will still be covered free of charge by insurance companies–including mammograms for women and wellness visits for seniors.
- By August, millions of Americans will receive a rebate because their insurance company spent too much of their premium on administrative costs or CEO bonuses.
- 5.3 million seniors will continue to save $600 a year on their prescription drugs.
- Efforts to strengthen and protect Medicare by cracking down on waste, fraud, and abuse will remain in place.
- 6.6 million young adults will still be able to stay on their family's plan until they're 26.
The court's decision will have an impact on 129 million Americans with pre-existing conditions by bringing security to their lives and comfort in knowing that they will not be left out in the cold. These families will be saved from having to liquidate their life savings, sell their homes or go bankrupt in order to get the care they need.
The reaction from some on the right illustrates how the $210 million dollar campaign of lies against the Affordable Care Act has permeated the thinking of too many people. We all must pull together to counter that misinformation and talk to people, one on one, and inform them of what is really in the bill.
Cross-posted at Angry Black Lady Chronicles

subset: commoncrawl


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Science Friday® is produced by the Science Friday Initiative, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.
Science Friday® and SciFri® are registered service marks of Science Friday, Inc. Site design by Pentagram; engineering by Mediapolis.
|Conventional wisdom says that U.S. students don't measure up well against students in many foreign countries when it comes to math and science skills. But is that really true? A team of researchers have re-assessed the results of several common measures of science education success, and they say the true picture may not be as gloomy as some analysts have said. "When it comes to math and science, American students are no worse, and often score better, than students from many leading countries," said Harold Salzman, one of the authors of the new Urban Institute report "Into the Eye of the Storm: Assessing the Evidence on Science and Engineering Education, Quality, and Workforce Demand." The researchers argue that some of the rankings produced by measures such as the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) are due to statistically insignificant differences in scoring. In this segment, Ira and guests talk about how U.S. students measure up in math and science classrooms.


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3 Year old Non-Eater
My son just turned 3 and to this day eats no veggies, no meats, no starches except bread and only a banana for fruit…he has been this way for 2 years now and nothing seems to help.
My son just turned 3 and to this day eats no veggies, no meats, no starches except bread and only a banana for fruit…he has been this way for 2 years now and nothing seems to help.
Feeding kids can be frustrating. You say that your son will NOT eat anything but bread and a banana… But (please don't take this the wrong way) he is not the one in charge. You are. No child will allow himself to starve! Feed him what you are feeding yourself. When he is hungry, he will eat. He is controlling you, and you are letting him. I don't think his eating habits will change, as long as you keep indulging him. Be sure you are setting a good example for him by eating a healthy and varied diet. Eventually he will come around. Good luck!
I agree, if that is really all he is eating it is because it is easier to give him what he wants rather then deal with him on the issue.
Prepare food for him that you are eating as a family. For breakfast offer him oatmeal or a healthy drie cereal and fruit. Or eggs and fruit and tell him, when you try some of this you can have half a banana but nothing until you give this a try. Then stick to your guns. You may have tantrums at first but it may help him learn to eat other foods and the bottom line is you want a healthy child. Also, lead by example.
When my grandson visits, understandably he wants to eat at my house like he eats at home. The problem is I work in nutrition and I know how critical it is for him to eat right so I have tried to find a way to avoid the fights yet have him come around.
I fix things that will appeal to kids which means simple foods that don't have an overwhelming flavor.
I put a little of everything on his plate and we all come to the table. He tells me he won't eat and I just let him know it is his choice but there will be no snacks later unless he eats at meal time. (We have gone through the testing and he found out I meant just that.) We eat and talk and have a good time and before long he is trying everything and finding he likes most things. When he tries something that he doesn't like, I just let him know how proud of him I was that he tried it.
I hope you find a resolution. I know you would not let him ride in a car without being buckled in. His nutrition is the seatbelt for his health.
I agree that you should give him what you are eating and explain he will not get snacks unless he tries it. He isn't eating what you want him to because that is his way of controlling you. I have a super picky husband and I have vowed to not let my 20 month old twins turn out like him. I feed them different things frequently. Also, the articles I have read said that toddlers may need to see things up to 12 times before they even try it. Good luck and keep trying! He will eventually do what you want him to do.
I know how you feel.. my son will be 3 in a couple of months and has recently decided he only needs to eat bread.. for all of you who say just don't give in.. when your child is willing to eat nothing for a day or two on end if you don't give him bread/banana whatever it is he will eat… it's beyond being just extremely hard to say no. I don't indulge him in cookies or anything like that.. but I just wanted to extend my support, and perhaps if I manage to find some useful information I will be able to pass it along!


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February 21, 2013 08:00 ET
LONGUEUIL, QUEBEC--(Marketwire - Feb. 21, 2013) - On February 25, Canadian satellite NEOSSat (Near-Earth Object Surveillance Satellite) will be launched aboard India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) from Satish Dhawan Space Center, in Sriharikota (India).
NEOSSat builds upon our country's cutting edge expertise in compact, microsatellite design and will be the world's first space telescope entirely dedicated to detecting and tracking not only asteroids, but also satellites and space debris.
This ground-breaking mission was developed in Canada as a result of a close collaboration between several key partners including the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC), the University of Calgary and Microsat Systems Canada Inc., amongst others.
The media should be able to view the launch live on the DDI News Website.
About NEOSSat For general information: http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/neossat/
Videos, animations and pictures of NEOSSat are available at this address: http://media3.marketwire.com/r/NEOSSAT_Broll
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A Letter in the April 25 Tomahawk Leader
To the People of Tomahawk,
After being in the South all winter, I came back to what I thought was a wonderful Tomahawk and was so disappointed. As I drove through the alleyways and some of the roads and saw all the litter, I thought of years ago when we had a city beautification committee. I remember most of the churches helped. We each had an area to clean up. If the churches feel like taking part in this again, it would be so neat because I know a lot of people feel the way I do and want to be proud of our town.
OK, you business people, get that back door cleaned up, painted and rake around the back of your business. I know you want it to look nice, too, but sometimes we have to get going and get things cleaned up. Our alleys also need new blacktopping.
Who do we have that's supposed to enforce our ordinances for cleanup in this city?
So, churches and others, if you can possibly do it, the last week in April is Cleanup Week, or even the first week in May if you don't get it done.
Let's fill those garbage bags and stack them along the road and see if some of our county and city people pick them up.
Annette Daigle-Stewart
Plea to clean up …
Letters to the Editor from the Tomahawk Leader.
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Anyone else out there as pumped for Mad Max: Fury Road as I am? George Miller, the series' creator, is back writing and directing, and Tom Hardy stars as Max Rockatansky, the ex-cop fighting his way across a post-apocalyptic wasteland.
It's been nearly 30 years since the last Mad Max movie came out, it looks like the people involved are trying to make sure the new one is on point.
I'm even more convinced of that after I saw this video, which was featured on io9's Morning Spoilers today. (Be careful about clicking over there, because there are, you know, spoilers.)
It looks like the person behind this clip was on vacation, perhaps in Namibia, where the movie is being shot, when they caught a glimpse of this scene and fired up their camera. Judging by the overall aesthetics of the rigs and cars involved, it's unmistakably Mad Max.
Let's just hope the Pursuit Special makes an appearance here too.


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Chinese man drowns, another man missing, after woman swept from rocks on NSW Central Coast
One man is dead while another remains missing after attempting to save a female friend who was washed into the surf while rock fishing on the NSW Central Coast.
Chinese man Hui-Qing Hua, 25, and a fellow Chinese national jumped into the ocean after Mr Hui-Qing's partner was swept off the rocks at Wybung Head at 6:30pm on Friday night.
The woman survived after she was swept back onto the rocks by a wave, but the men did not surface.
Mr Hui-Qing's body was pulled from the ocean at 9:00am yesterday, and his partner identified his body.
The search for the missing man - a 20-year-old student - will resume this morning.
Detective Sergeant John Dooley said the woman was devastated.
"The first male was located floating face down in the water and we then conveyed that deceased person to land," he said.
Police say the group, based in Sydney, had travelled to the Central Coast to go fishing.
Wybung Head rocks 'life threatening' for inexperienced
Local fishermen say the stretch of coast is treacherous and catches many people off guard.
"At that actual location, the people who go rock fishing aren't prepared for the danger of the sport," said Peter Trenear.
"For the inexperienced, it can be life threatening."
Mr Trenear said he was washed off rocks in the same area about six years ago and had to be plucked from the ocean by a rescue helicopter.
"It was so easy, the water caught me by surprise," he said.
Detective Sergeant Dooley said police had carried out several rescues and body recoveries at the spot over the years.
He warned people planning to rock fish to wear life jackets and check ocean conditions.
"You must be appropriately equipped to go down on these rock ledges," he said.
Norwegian man, 19, drowns in separate incident
Meanwhile, police have found the body of a 19-year-old Norwegian man who went missing in the Hawkesbury River, near Windsor, in Sydney's north-west.
The man had been using a rope swing with friends and went missing after jumping into the river about 2:30pm.
His body was found shortly before 6:00pm.
Topics: accidents, disasters-and-accidents, lake-munmorah-2259, nsw
First posted


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Southern California consumer prices jumped 0.8 percent in October after gasoline spiked more than 70 cents a gallon and the cost of housing increased to four-year highs, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported Thursday.
In the past year, consumer prices in the Orange County-Los Angeles-Riverside area rose 3 percent overall, the highest boost since November 2011.
Nationwide, consumer prices increased a more modest 0.1 percent in October and increased 2.2 percent over the past 12 months.
The October spike in gasoline prices took its toll on consumers. The price of a gallon of unleaded regular increased 7.9 percent in October and was up 15.8 percent from a year ago.
Gas prices have come down dramatically since then. The average price of a gallon of unleaded regular in Orange County was $3.82 Thursday, down 79 cents from a month ago, according to the AAA Daily Fuel Gauge Report. Gas prices peaked Oct. 8, when unleaded regular averaged $4.69 a gallon.
A bigger surprise in Southern California was the increase in the cost of keeping a roof over your head in October.
By the federal government's count, the price of housing in the region rose 0.6 percent in October, its highest one-month increase in four years. The monthly increase in the cost of housing had averaged 0.2 percent this year. Compared with last year, housing costs were up 2.4 percent, an annualized high not seen since December 2008.
The Orange County Register reported last month that rents at large apartment complexes were at an all-time high of $1,628 a month, $73 more than a year ago. Meanwhile, median Orange County home prices in October reached a four-year high of $455,000, up 12.3 percent from October 2011, according to DataQuick Information Systems.
Southern California consumers, however, got a little relief at the grocery store, where prices rose a moderate 0.1 percent for the third straight month. Year-over-year food and beverage prices increased 1.2 percent, well down from the 4 percent annual pace a year ago.
Here is how other components of the Southern California consumer price index fared in the past 12 months:
•Apparel: +3.4 percent
•Education and communication: +2.6 percent
•Household energy: +3 percent
•Household furnishings: -0.9 percent
•Medical care: +3.5 percent
•Recreation: +1.2 percent
Contact the writer: 714-796-3646 or email@example.com


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First Year Seminar
What is FYS?
All first year students at Thomas More College are enrolled in the First-Year Seminar as one of their academic courses during the fall semester. Faculty from across the curriculum, offer an interesting array of seminar topics, each centered on a particular area of study or idea. By incorporating into the seminar, issues and problems particular to the college first-year student, the First-Year Seminar provides a very effective method for introducing the student to college level learning and experiences. Research and study methods as well as time management and college adjustment are part of every course. Students in the seminar are offered a full program of diverse lectures and activities on campus to enrich their college experiences during the crucial first semester.
Students will also be offered workshops in effective use of the TMC library.
For further information or questions about the First-Year experience
at Thomas More College, please contact:
Professor Jerome Langguth
Professor Jim Schuttemeyer
Goals of FYS
- Introduce students to the learning opportunities and rewards of college courses in the liberal arts.
- Create an environment for learning in the first year that will develop experiences in dialogue, speaking, and intereaction in a peer group and with faculty.
- Develop or refine critical academic skills and methods of inquiry.
- Generate intellectual excitement in an area of inquiry often outside the major.
- Strengthen students' abilities to read and think critically.
- Teach about methods of research and how to apply that in a written document.
- Provide interdisciplinary experiences to help students see important connections in various areas of study.
- Create a sense of community between fellow students and faculty.


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Brussels, 19 May 2010
Antitrust: Commission fines DRAM producers € 331 million for price cartel; reaches first settlement in a cartel case
The European Commission today adopted its first settlement decision in a cartel case involving 10 producers of memory chips or DRAMS used in computers and servers. The fine totaling € 331 273 800 includes a reduction of 10% for the companies' acknowledgement of the facts. The addressees of the decision are: Micron, Samsung, Hynix, Infineon, NEC, Hitachi, Mitsubishi, Toshiba, Elpida and Nanya. Micron, however, was not fined because it revealed the existence of the cartel to the Commission. Cartel settlements allow the Commission to speed up investigations, free up resources to deal with other cases and generally improve the efficiency of its antitrust enforcement.
"This first settlement decision is another milestone in the Commission's anti-cartel enforcement. By acknowledging their participation in a cartel the companies have allowed the Commission to bring this long-running investigation to a close and to free up resources to investigate other suspected cartels. As the procedure is applied to new cases it is expected to speed up investigations significantly, said Commission Vice President and Competition Commissioner Joaquín Almunia.
The case
The Commission has adopted a decision settling a cartel investigation and imposing a fine totalling € 331 273 800 on Samsung, Hynix, Infineon, NEC, Hitachi, Mitsubishi, Toshiba, Elpida and Nanya. The decision is also addressed to Micron, but because the company revealed the existence of the cartel to the Commission in 2002 it benefitted from full immunity from fines. All the companies are non-European except for one (Infineon, Germany), but they sell their products in the European Economic Area (EEA)1 and, therefore, must also abide by EU law, in this case Art 101(1) of the EU Treaty , which bans practices restrictive of competition . The case was also investigated in the United States.
The fines take into account the sales of the companies involved in the EEA, the very serious nature of the infringement and its geographical scope. The individual fines are as follows:
(*) Legal entities within the undertaking may be held jointly and severally liable for the payment of the fine
Micron received full immunity because it was the first to inform the Commission. Between December 2003 and February 2006, Infineon, Hynix, Samsung, Elpida and NEC also applied for leniency under the EU's Leniency Notice2. The Commission took account of their cooperation in the investigation and granted a reduction of respectively 45% (Infineon), 27% (Hynix) and 18% (Samsung, Elpida, NEC). Due to mitigating circumstances, the fine of Hynix was further reduced by 5% for Hynix and by 10% for Toshiba and Mitsubishi. Finally, all companies benefitted of a reduction of 10% for settling the case with the Commission.
The overall cartel was in operation between 1 July 1998 and 15 June 2002. It involved a network of contacts and sharing of secret information, mostly on a bilateral basis, through which they coordinated the price levels and quotations for DRAMs (Dynamic Random Access Memory), sold to major PC or server original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in the EEA. DRAMs is a common model for "dynamic" semiconductor memories for personal computers (PCs), servers and workstations.
The settlement procedure
The settlement procedure allows the Commission to settle cases through a simplified procedure. It was created in 20083. The objective is to reduce the length of administrative proceedings. This is good for consumers and for taxpayers as it reduces investigative costs; good for antitrust enforcement as it frees up resources to tackle other suspected cases and; good for the companies themselves that benefit from quicker decisions and a 10% reduction in fines. With experience and as the procedure applies to new cases, the Commission will deal with investigations more expediently.
The settlement discussions in the DRAMS cartel took place during 2009 after the companies indicated that they were prepared to engage in discussions with a view to a settlement. Subsequently, they all introduced formal settlement submissions in which they clearly and unequivocally acknowledged their respective liability for an infringement. A Statement of Objections reflecting the parties' submissions was notified to them in February this year and they all confirmed that its content reflected their submissions and they remained interested in the settlement procedure.
The settlement procedure is based on Articles 7 and 23 of Regulation 1/2003 (the antitrust modernisation Regulation). It is different from commitment decisions, which are based on Article 9 of the same 2003 Regulation, and are destined to bring anti-competitive behaviour to an end by making commitments offered by the company(ies) legally binding.
Companies that are first to reveal cartels to the Commission enjoy immunity from fines under the Commission's 2002 Leniency Notice. Companies that cooperate in the investigation can receive significant reductions.
The calculation of fines is based on the Fines Guidelines, which were last updated in 2006.
A non-confidential version of the DRAMS settlement decision will be published at the following web address as soon as it becomes available:
EU + Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein
For information on EU leniency programme in cartel cases see: http://ec.europa.eu/competition/cartels/legislation/leniency_legislation.html
(see IP/08/1056 and MEMO/08/458).
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A Southern California man has been charged with molesting a young female relative of his in the Fountain Valley furniture store that he owns and operates, law enforcement officials said.
Jaime Gonazlez, 75, faces a felony count of lewd acts on a child, according to a joint statement from Fountain Valley police and the Orange County district attorney's office.
Gonzalez is being held in lieu of $500,000 bail. Prosecutors said, if convicted, he could be sentenced to eight years in state prison and have to register as a lifetime sex offender.
On Nov. 4, officials said, several of Gonzalez's family members were visiting his Fountain Valley shop, among them a girl younger than 14. Gonzalez is accused of taking the girl to a secluded area of the store and molesting her. The girl told her family of the alleged incident immediately after, officials said.
Now, law enforcement officials in Orange County are investigating to see if Gonzalez could have potentially molested or assaulted others.
Officials said Gonzalez, who lives in La Verne, had previously lived in Covina and Corpus Christi, Texas.
Those with any information are encouraged to contact Jesse Hughes of the Fountain Valley Police Department at (714) 593-4480 or district attorney's investigator Lou Gutierrez at (714) 347-8794.
This story was reported by Times Staff Writer Rick Rojas.


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Sam and Terri Lewis, Owners/Strategic-Partners
Sam spent his early career as a Human Resource Generalist in a manufacturing environment. Experiences in hiring, staffing, and training on the management side gave Sam a unique perspective on these challenges. Therefore, Sam spent a lot of time working with staffing agencies and recruiters.
Then as a Plant Manager and General Manager Sam's responsibilities included all aspects of running the operations. There is nothing like P&L responsibility to give a true appreciation of how to cost effectively bring someone in from the streets and get them up and running on the production line or in the office. Later as a VP for the division, with staff responsibilities of several factories across the country, Sam learned it takes precise planning and superior execution to make good things happen.
Now Sam sits on the other side of the desk with a true sense of what it is to be the economic decision maker. What challenges do you have with your current staffing effort? How would you like to improve in your hiring flow? With his experience, what can Sam help you with?
The Big Picture:
At PrideStaff, we are engaged in our Mission Statement: "Consistently provide client experiences focused on what they value most." We have the resources and expertise of a large, national firm and the level of service you would expect from a local team. Our Bloomington team is dedicated to understanding what each client and employee values most and delivering on that unique expectation. Our executive team develops cutting edge techniques, resources, training and tools to position PrideStaff as a national leader in the staffing industry. Our Home Office team provides incredible support 'behind the scenes' to enable our local offices to focus all our attention on our employees and our clients.
Our clients and employees choose PrideStaff because of the results and experience they receive as partners with PrideStaff. PrideStaff chooses to work with our clients and employees because our values align and we have solutions that fit their challenges. We are not just building a company, we are building a community.
The Scoop on Staffing:
Some things always change - the labor market fluctuations for instance. And some things never do - like the rising costs of workers compensation, labor claims and unemployment. At PrideStaff, we anticipate these changes, prepare for them and create solutions that add value for our clients and employees.
What We Hear From Our Clients:
You get what you pay for and PrideStaff produces a good return on investment. How do we know PrideStaff is different? Our client and candidates tell us in our PrideStaff quarterly surveys. We ask for feedback for improvements suggestions as well as a rating for satisfaction. This continuous improvement process makes a big difference and has helped PrideStaff to consistently earn Inavero's Best of Staffing award, where our results are compared with staffing companies across North America! PrideStaff has also been named by Forbes magazine as one of the top 5 leaders in the staffing industry for the last few years!
Secrets of Success:
• Be present every day.
• Set goals, work hard.
• Be loyal.
• Live a balanced life.
• Have a curiosity and commitment to learn new things, every day.
• Be a good, active listener.
• Hang with positive people, successful people.
• Always, always keeping your sense of humor close at hand.
Stress Relief:
• Planning your work and working your plan.
• A bicycle ride, a long run, a swim, or all three.
• Spending time with the friends and family, especially the grandkids.
• Reading, reading, reading.
• And laughing.
"Against the assault of laughter, nothing can stand." Mark Twain


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Court of Appeals will hear Oak Island street-end case
The state Court of Appeals is scheduled to hear oral arguments Tuesday in a case the town of Oak Island lost in a lower court ruling for violating land owners' rights with development plans. A Brunswick County judge ruled last year that Oak Island could not build planned parking spaces, an observatory deck and a walkway on land by the Intercoastal Waterway. The appeals court has heard similar cases in recent years and usually has sided with the property owners.… Read More »


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YOU CAN EDIT THIS PAGE! Just click any blue "Edit" link and start writing!
San Anselmo
San Anselmo [1] is in Marin County in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. It's bordered on the south side by Ross, and the west side by Fairfax
Get in[edit]
San Anselmo is accessible by automobile, bicycle, and is a hub for Golden Gate Transit bus service.
Get around[edit]
See[edit][add listing]
Do[edit][add listing]
Buy[edit][add listing]
Lots of shopping.
Whyte's Booksmith is a great little bookstore which can order books more quickly and conveniently than those big internet retailers.
Two bicycle shops.
Eat[edit][add listing]
San Anselmo Coffee Roasters has coffee drinks, sandwiches, salads, occasional live music in the mornings, and is a hang-out for many local bicycling enthusiasts.
Insalata's is tasty and established.
Drink[edit][add listing]
Sleep[edit][add listing]
Get out[edit]


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By John Goralski
Sports Writer
There isn't much that can wipe the smile off Evan Tuttle's face these days. His Lady Knight swimmers have plastered a grin on the varsity coach, and the postseason has only just begun.
On Saturday, Nov. 9, the Lady Knights dove into the postseason with entrants in every race at the Class LL qualifying meet in East Hartford. Two Lady Knights advanced to the finals in four events. A number of others advanced in multiple events.
Never has a pool been more filled with Lady Knights, and that's the reason for Tuttle's postseason smile.
"To have somebody in every event up and down the board shows that we don't have just one or two outstanding performers on the team," said the coach. "We have somebody that can go the distance in every event. This is the first time since I've been in the ranks that we've put somebody into the qualifying meet in ever event. I can't tell you how long it's been before that. It feels good. It shows the depth of talent on this team."
If that was all that happened, Tuttle would have been proud, but the Lady Knights advanced 10 individuals to the final meet in eight different events. Marisa Matthews led the way, advancing to the Class LL finals in four events with a chance for a medal in three events. Laurel Dean and Aly Baribault advanced in four races apiece, and Southington advanced three swimmers to the finals in the 100 breaststroke.
"That's the first time that we've been able to get three girls into the finals in one event," said Tuttle. "It was a great day. We didn't perform as well as we hoped last year, so it's great to get back to the Class LL qualifiers and perform well. We advanced eight of 12 events to the finals, and that's something that we haven't been able to do in a long time."
The event welcomed the top 36 swimmers in each event, and their times determine their seeding at the final event. The top 24 advance in every event. The top eight will compete for medals, but everyone at the finals will have a chance to secure a berth at the upcoming state open. That's good news for the Lady Knights.
"It really was a tremendous showing, and it's great to see those girls get rewarded for all their hard work," said Tuttle. "I expect to continue to drop time, continue to jump over some of our competitors, and get into the opens."
Matthews powered the Knights at the qualifying meet. She trimmed more than one second off her seed time to score the fifth seed in the 50 freestyle (25.45). She trimmed almost 1.5 seconds off her time in the 100 breaststroke (1:10.03) to earn the fourth seed. Matthews led off the 200 freestyle relay (1:48.83) as they earned the 11th seed at the finals, and she anchored the 400 freestyle relay (3:57.9) as they clawed their way into the fastest heat.
"She had the best day by far for us, and she really performed well in a pressure situation," said Tuttle. "But it doesn't surprise me that she performed so well because she worked so hard at this. It would have surprised me if she didn't do this well."
Baribault advanced in the 100 breaststroke (1:11.44), the 500 freestyle (5:40.66), and two relays. Dean didn't qualify for the fastest heat in either of her individual races, but she advanced to the finals in four events. She trimmed almost a full second off her time in the 100 breaststroke (1:10.94) and held her own in the 100 freestyle (56.73) and both times advanced her just outside the fastest heats.
"When you have a bad day but you're still able to get back to the finals that says something," said Tuttle. "It shows her strength and determination. She's still in a situation where she can perform well, and I still think that she can get into the state open."
Southington advanced in all three relays. Dean, Matthews, and Baribault partnered with Bailey Potter to advance to the fastest heat in the 400 free relay. Dean, Matthews, and Baribault teamed with Bethany Greenlaw to advance in the 200 free relay. Allie Schroeder, Bethany Greenlaw, Sam Sagnella, and Kristen Loose advanced as members of the 200 medley relay (2:07.37).
"We had a couple of girls that weren't able to hit automatic times to get into the meet, but they were able to get into the top 36," said Tuttle. "We were able to get some of them into finals, and that makes it even more special. We had Allie Schroeder advance in the backstroke (1:07.47), and she had to jump a few people to get into the top 24. Aly was able to do that in the 500m and we had three breaststrokers make it into the finals."
On Tuesday, the girls competed at Southern Connecticut State University after press time with a chance to advance to the state open at Yale on Saturday, Nov. 16. Results are posted on our website.
"Two years ago when we swam at Southern, the girls swam great. They set the 200 freestyle record there, so we can't wait to get into that pool and try to get a repeat."
Swimmers rally to finals; Matthews powers Knights into the second round
By John Goralski


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Culpeper County, Virginia Genealogy
Guide to Culpeper County, Virginia ancestry, family history and genealogy birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, family history, immigration records, and military records.
|Culpeper County, Virginia
Location in the state of Virginia
Location of Virginia in the U.S.
|County Seat
- 1 County Information
- 2 Culpeper County Virginia History
- 3 Culpeper County Virginia Places/Localities
- 4 Culpeper County Virginia Genealogy Resources
- 4.1 Getting Started
- 4.2 African Americans
- 4.3 Bible Records
- 4.4 Cemeteries
- 4.5 Census
- 4.6 Church Records
- 4.7 Court
- 4.8 Genealogy
- 4.9 Immigration
- 4.10 Land and Property
- 4.11 Local Histories
- 4.12 Maps
- 4.13 Migration
- 4.14 Military
- 4.15 Miscellaneous Records
- 4.16 Naturalization
- 4.17 Newspapers
- 4.18 Private Papers
- 4.19 Probate Records
- 4.20 Research Guides
- 4.21 Taxation
- 4.22 Vital Records
- 5 Culpeper County Virginia Genealogy Societies and Libraries
- 6 Culpeper County Virginia Genealogy Websites
- 7 Culpeper County Virginia Genealogy References
County Information
Culpeper County is located in the Northern portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia and was named after Thomas Culpeper, second baron Culpeper of Thoresway, a governor of Virginia 1677–1683[1].
Culpeper County Virginia Courthouse
Culpeper County Courthouse
101 South West Street
Culpeper, Virginia 22701
Phone: 540-727-3435
Clerk Circuit Court has birth records 1864-1896
and 1912-1917, death records 1864-1896
marriage records from 1781 and land and probate
records from 1749 and court records from 1831;
Town Clerks has burial records[2]
General compliance year is unknown.
Culpeper County Virginia History
The county was named after Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper (1635-1689), Colonial Governor of Virginia from 1677 to 1683. The family name was also spelled "Culpeper."[4]
Parent County
1748--Culpeper County was created 23 March 1748 from Orange County.
County seat: Culpeper [2]
Boundary Changes
For animated maps illustrating Virginia county boundary changes, "Rotating Formation Virginia County Boundary Maps" (1617-1995) may be viewed for free at the MapofUS.org website.
Variant Spellings
- Culpepper
Record Loss[5]
Bound volumes of deeds and wills since the county's formation still exist.[5]
- Lost censuses: 1790, 1800, 1890
Visit the Library of Virginia's website to determine exactly what records have been lost and their Lost Records Localities Database to find additional resources.
For suggestions about research in places that suffered historic record losses, see:
- Burned Counties. By Michael John Neill. Online at: Family History Circle.
Culpeper County Virginia Places/Localities
Populated Places
Culpeper County Virginia Genealogy Resources
Getting Started
Compiled genealogies are a good place to start research for this area, see Culpeper County, Virginia Genealogy.
If you are researching families who lived in Culpeper County, Virginia between the 1760s and 1790s, the Sparacios' books are a great time saver. They comprehensively index several publications covering that period:
- Sparacio, Ruth Trickey and Sam Sparacio. Surname Index of Antient Press Publications. 14+ vols. McLean, Va.: R. & S. Sparacio, Antient Press, 1993-. FHL Collection 975.5 P22s v. 1-2; publisher's website: Antient Press.
A website with many online resources: Culpeper County, Virginia US GenWeb Project
African Americans
In 1790, Culpeper County had one of the largest slave populations in the state (8226 slaves).[6]
Culpeper County, Virginia Genealogy cohabitation records are available online.
Freedmen's Bureau Letters or Correspondence, 1865-1872
Heinegg, Paul. "Culpeper County Personal Property Tax List 1782-1802, 1803-1823," Free African Americans.com, available online. [Heinegg abstracted free blacks listed in these records.]
- Hodge, Robert A. Some Pre-1871 Vital Statistics on Colored Persons of Culpeper County, Virginia. Fredericksburg, Virginia: R.A. Hodge, 1978. FHL Collection
- Randall, Ruth. "Family Lore and Effects of Slavery on the Black Psyche: Rosa Grammar's Choice," National Genealogical Society Quarterly, Vol. 97, No. 2 (June 2009):85-96. FHL 973 B2ng v. 97
Bible Records
Images of the Virginia Historical Society's family Bible collection have been digitized:
- Daughters of the American Revolution. Culpeper Minute Men Chapter (Culpepper, Virginia). Copy of Some Family Bible Records Found in Culpepper County, Culpepper, Virginia. MSS., 1945-1946, available at FHL. [Family Bibles of: Daingerfield, Farish, Ellis B. Long, David Wright Kelly, R.T. Kelly, Richard Payne, Rust, Tutt, George Williams, and Wood.]
|Tombstone Transcriptions Online
|Tombstone Transcriptions in Print
|List of Cemeteries in the county
|Family History Library
|Billion Graves
|VAGenWeb Archives
|Tombstone Project
|Virginia Gravestones
|Billion Graves
|See Virginia Cemeteries for more information.
- 1800-1986 - Virginia, Jewish Cemetery Records Index, ca. 1800-1986 at FamilySearch — index
For a detailed list, including addresses, phone numbers, and external links, see Culpeper County, Virginia Cemeteries.
The following is a list of cemeteries in Culpeper County:[7]
- Wulfeck, Dorothy Ford. Culpeper County, Virginia, Will Books B and C, Court Suits, Loose Papers, Inscriptions. Naugatuck, Conn.: D.F. Wulfeck, 1965. Available at FHL. Reviewed in The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 10, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1966):35-36. Review available at FHL; digital version at American Ancestors ($).
For tips on accessing Culpeper County, Virginia Genealogy census records online, see: Virginia Census.
|Historical populations
|Source: "American Factfinder". United States Census Bureau.
- "Virginia's Union Veterans: Eleventh Census of the United States 1890." Prince William County Virginia, by Ronald Ray Turner. FHL Collection.
Church Records
- Thomas, Arthur Dicken, Angus McDonald Green and Culpeper Historical Society. Early Churches of Culpeper County, Virginia: Colonial and Ante-bellum Congregations. Culpeper, Virginia: Culpeper Historical Society, 1987. Available at FHL.
Scheel's map of Culpeper County, Virginia identifies the locations of early churches and meetinghouses circa 1776. The Family History Library has a copy: FHL Map 975.5392 E7s.
Early Baptist churches (with years constituted):
- Battle Run (1773).[8] Meeting minutes and membership lists (1827-1852) have been filmed: FHL Film 30928.
- Bethel (1803)[8]
- Crooked Run (1772).[8] The DAR prepared a history: FHL Film 849494 Item 9[9]. A history was also published in Culpeper Connections, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Aug. 2005)
- Culpeper (1771). Also known as The north water of Rapidanne.[10]
- Fiery Run (1771)[8]
- Goose Creek (1799)[8]
- Gourdvine (1791)[8]
- Hedgeman's River (1791)[8]
- Jeffersonton (1773). A history has been published: Culpeper Connections, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Aug. 2005).
- Mill Creek (1772)[8]
- Mountponey aka Mount Poney (1774)[8]. A history was published in 1973: Virginia Baptist Register.
- Thompson's Gap (1787)[8]
The 10,000 name petition (dated 16 October 1776) has been digitized at the Library of Congress website. It was signed by people from all over Virginia who wanted an end to persecution of Baptists by the Established Church. Baptists and Baptist sympathizers alike signed the petition. To find your ancestor in this record, first check Hall's transcription in the Magazine of Virginia Genealogy (Vols. 35-38, with annotations in Vol. 39), which is available online at Ancestry ($). It is also available in book form at the Family History Library: FHL Book 975.5 B2vs v. 35-39. Then proceed to the Library of Congress website to see the original images.
Culpeper County fell mainly within the bounds of the Culpeper Association. Hedgeman's River belonged to the Ketocton Association.
- Finnell, Woolsey. Reverend Daniel Brown of Culpepper County, Virginia and Allied Families, Webster, Finnell, McCain, Pemberton. [Tuscaloosa?] Ala.: W. Finnell, 1954. Available at FHL. [Baptist preacher.]
Church of England
See also Bromfield Parish
See also St. Mark's Parish
See also St. Thomas Parish
Hebron Church was the first German church in Virginia.[11]
- Blankenbaker, John. "Hebron" Baptismal Register of the German Lutheran Church in Culpeper/Madison Counties, Virginia 1750 to 1849: Transcribed, Translated and Indexed from the Church Records with a Commentary on the Relationships of the Sponsors to the Parents. Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania: J. Blankenbaker, 2004. Available at FHL.
Early monthly meetings (with years of existence):
- Southland Monthly Meeting, near Stevensburg, Va. (1772-1805) aka Mount Pony[12]
Chancery Court
The county's chancery causes from 1829 to 1913 — 164,000 images in all — are now available to view online at the Library of Virginia web site, one of 36 counties with chancery court records on-line as part of the Virginia Memory Collection.
- Wulfeck, Dorothy Ford. Culpeper County, Virginia, Will Books B and C, Court Suits, Loose Papers, Inscriptions. Naugatuck, Conn.: D.F. Wulfeck, 1965. Available at FHL. Reviewed in The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 10, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1966):35-36. Review available at FHL; digital version at American Ancestors ($).
District Court of Fredericksburg
The District Court of Fredericksburg and later the Superior Court of Chancery had jurisdiction over certain Culpeper County court cases. An index has been compiled:
- Indexes of Court Records in the Clerk's Office, Fredericksburg, Virginia, 1782-1904. Original records, Fredericksburg City Courthouse, Fredericksburg, Va., microfilmed reproduction available at FHL. [Indexes the following records: District Court law book v. 8, 1782-1792; District Court law books 1790-1793, v. A-F 1789-1811; Superior Court of Law law order books v. G-H 1812-1831; Superior Court of Chancery chancery order books 1814-1831; Hustings Court orders v. A-O 1782-1871; Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery law order books v. A-E 1831-1875; Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery chancery order books v. A-D 1831-1872; Circuit Court chancery order books v. A2, B-C 1875-1904; Fredericksburg District Court (1789-1808) had jurisdiction over the following counties: Spotsylvania (including Fredericksburg), Caroline, King George, Stafford, Orange, and Culpeper; Superior Court of Chancery (1802-1831) had jurisdiction over the following localities: city of Fredericksburg and the counties of Caroline, Culpeper, Fauquier, Fairfax, Lancaster, Northumberland, Madison, King George, Orange, Prince William, Richmond, Spotsylvania, Stafford, Essex, and Westmoreland.]
Loose Papers
- Wulfeck, Dorothy Ford. Culpeper County, Virginia, Will Books B and C, Court Suits, Loose Papers, Inscriptions. Naugatuck, Conn.: D.F. Wulfeck, 1965. Available at FHL. Reviewed in The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 10, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1966):35-36. Review available at FHL; digital version at "American Factfinder". ($).
Superior Court of Chancery
See District Court of Fredericksburg
More than 250 genealogies have been published about Culpeper County families. To view a list, visit Culpeper County, Virginia Compiled Genealogies.
- List of imported servants and transported convicts from Europe who served labor terms in Colonial Brunswick County are online at: Immigrant Servants Database.During the War of 1812, American officials reported finding a total of 6 British aliens, many of whom had families, living in Culpeper County.[13]
Land and Property
Grants and Patents
- Gray, Gertrude E. Virginia Northern Neck Land Grants, 1742-1775. Vol. II. Baltimore, MD, USA: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1997. Available at FHL; digital version at Ancestry ($). [Includes Culpeper County.]
- Gray, Gertrude E. Virginia Northern Neck Land Grants, 1775-1800. Vol. III. Baltimore, MD, USA: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1993. Available at FHL; digital version at Ancestry ($). [Includes Culpeper County.]
- Virginia Land Office Patents and Grants/Northern Neck Grants and Surveys – Images for land patents issued prior to 1779, Land Office grants issued by the Virginia Land Office after 1779, Northern Neck grants from 1692-1862, and recorded Northern Neck surveys (1786-1874) are available online at the Library of Virginia. [Includes Culpeper County.]
Local Histories
- Jones, Mary Stevens. An 18th Century Perspective, Culpeper County. Culpeper, Virginia: Culpeper Historical Society, 1976. Available at FHL.
- Green, Raleigh Travers. Genealogical and Historical Notes on Culpeper County, Virginia. Embracing a Revised and Enlarged Edition of Dr. Philip Slaughter's History of St. Mark's Parish. Culpeper, VA, USA: Regional Publishing Company, 1900. Digital versions at Archive.org;($); Google Books (full-view); and World Vital Records ($). 1964 reprint available at FHL; 1958 reprint reviewed in The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 3, No. 3 (Jul.-Sep. 1959):137-138. Reprint available at FHL; digital version at American Ancestors ($).
- Slaughter, Philip. A History of St. Mark's Parish: Culpeper County, Virginia, with Notes of Old Churches and Old Families, and Illustrations of the Manners and Customs of the Olden Time. Baltimore: Innes & Co., printers, 1877. Available at FHL. Digital versions available at Ancestry ($); and World Vital Records ($).
- Scheel, Eugene M. Culpeper, a Virginia County's History Through 1920. Culpeper, Va.: Culpeper Historical Society, 1982. Available at FHL. [Features include "old roads, mills, stores, plantations, churches, ruins, cemeteries, battles, historic sites, early stream names and boundaries."[14]]
- Online interactive map with historical quad outlines and topography: OnlineGIS.
- Clay, Robert Y. "Some Delinquent Taxpayers 1787-1790," The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1976):29-34. Available at FHL; digital version at American Ancestors ($). [These records identify migrants who left the county and often their intended destinations. Culpeper County's 1788-1789 Delinquent Lists appear on p. 29-31.]
French and Indian War
- Bockstruck, Lloyd DeWitt. Virginia's Colonial Soldiers. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1988. Available at FHL. [Identifies some Culpeper County militia officers, soldier enlistments, and veterans; see place name index.]
- Boogher, William F. Gleanings of Virginia History: An Historical and Genealogical Collection, Largely from Original Sources. Washington: n.p., 1903. Available at FHL; digital version at Google Books (full-view). [Includes a chapter titled "Legislative Enactments connecting the preceding historic sketch [French and Indian War, Lord Dunmore's War] with the adjudication of the resulting accounts that follow; with the list of officers, soldiers and civilians entitled to compensation for military and other services rendered." For Culpeper County, see pp. 70, 74, 108.]
- Crozier, William Armstrong. Virginia Colonial Militia 1651-1776. Baltimore: Southern Book Co., 1954. Available at FHL US/CAN Book 975.5 M2c; digital book at Ancestry ($); Google Books; and Archive.org. [Identifies some Culpeper County militia officers and soldiers; see place name index.]
Dunmore's War
- Augusta, Bedford, Botetourt, Culpeper and Fincastle Payrolls and Public Service Claims, 1775: Also Known as Dunmore's War: Enlarged and Photocopied. Fort Wayne, Indiana: Allen County Public Library, 2004. Available at FHL.
Revolutionary War
Regiments. Service men in Culpeper County served in various regiments. Men often joined a company (within a regiment) that originated in their county. Culpeper County supplied soldiers for the:
Additional resources:
- Blankenbaker, John. The Culpeper Classes. Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania: J. Blankenbaker, 1999. FHL Collection. [In 1780 and 1781 the Virginia Legislature passed an act requiring the counties to supply a specific number of men for the Continental Army. These men would be divided into classes or divisions within the militia, each under an officer. Culpeper County had 106 classes with a total of 3,000 men. This is a unique source for Culpeper County that does not survive for other Virginia counties.][15]
- Godby, Jeannette. A List of Classes in Culpeper County for January 1781 for Recruiting the States Quota of Troops to Serve in the Continental Army. MSS., 1936. FHL Collection
- List of Militia Classes and Index for Culpeper County, Virginia, for 1781. MSS., Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia; reproduction: FHL Collection
- Ross, Edward. Your Affectionate Cousin: The Rosses of Culpeper County, Virginia, and San Jacinto County, Texas. Houston, Texas: Thornhouse Press, 1994. FHL Collection ["This is the story of the descendants of Daniel Ross -- a veteran on the British side of the American Revolution -- through two of his sons, William (in Virginia) and Wesley (in Texas)"--Acknowledgements.]
- A Census of Pensioners for Revolutionary or Military Services: With their Names, Ages, and Places of Residence, as Returned by the Marshalls of the Several Judicial Districts, Under the Act for Taking the Sixth Census]. 1841. Digital versions at U.S. Census Bureau and Google Books et. al. 1967 reprint: FHL Collection 973 X2pc 1840. [See Virginia, Eastern District, Culpeper County on page 129.]
- Rejected or Suspended Applications for Revolutionary War Pensions, With an Added Index to States. FHL Collection 973 M24ur; Collection with index and images at Ancestry ($). [Includes veterans from this county; Virginia section begins on page 238.]
- Virginia Militia in the Revolutionary War. By J.T. McAllister. 1913. Hot Springs, Va.: McAllister Pub. Co. Online at: Internet Archive
War of 1812
Culpeper County men served in the 5th and 34th Regiments.[16]
- List of Pensioners on the Roll, January 1, 1883; Giving the Name of Each Pensioner, the Cause for Why Pensioned, the Post-Office Address, the Rate of Pension Per Month, and the Date of Original Allowance... Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1883. FHL Collection 973 M2Lp v. 5; digital versions at Google Books and Internet Archive. [See Vol. 5, Virginia, Culpeper County, p. 68.]
Civil War
Regiments. Service men in Culpeper County, Virginia Genealogy served in various regiments. Men often joined a company (within a regiment) that originated in their county. Listed below are companies that were specifically formed in Culpeper County, Virginia Genealogy:
- - 1st Regiment, Virginia Light Artillery (Pendleton's) (Confederate). Company C (Newtown Artillery)
- - 4th Regiment, Virginia Cavalry (Confederate)
- - 7th Battalion, Virginia Infantry, Local Defense (1st Nitre Battalion) (Confederate). Company C (Hazelwood Volunteers) and Company E (Hazelwood Volunteers).[17]
- - 11th Regiment, Virginia Infantry (Confederate).[18]
- - 13th Regiment, Virginia Infantry (Confederate). Company B (The Culpeper Minute Men) and Company E (The Culpeper Riflemen).[19]
Records and histories are available, including:
- 1861-1865 - Virginia, Civil War, Service Records of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865
- 1861-1865 - Virginia, Civil War, Service Records of Union Soldiers, 1861-1865
- 1861-1865 - U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 at Ancestry — index (free)
- 1861-1865 - U.S., Union Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 at Ancestry — index (free)
- Grimsley, Daniel A. Battles in Culpeper County, Virginia, 1861-1865: And Other Articles. Culpeper, Va.: Raleigh Travers Green, 1900. FHL Collection; digital version at Google Books.
Civil War Battles
The following Civil War battles were fought in Culpeper County.
- August 9, 1862 = Cedar Mountain, also known as Slaughter's Mountain or Cedar Run[20]
- August 22-25, 1862 = Rappahannock Station I, also known as Waterloo Bridge, White Sulphur Springs, Lee Springs or Freeman's Ford[21]
- March 17, 1863 = Kelly's Ford, also known as Kellysville[22]
- June 9, 1863 = Brandy Station, also known as Fleetwood Hill[23]
- November 7, 1863 = Rappahannock Station II[24]
- February 6-7, 1864 = Morton's Ford, also known as Rapidan River[25]
- Maps of Civil War battles in Virginia: 1861 and 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865
Miscellaneous Records
- 1607-2007 - Virginia, Historical Society Papers, 1607-2007 at FamilySearch — index and images
- Virginia Naturalization Petitions, 1906-1929
The Virginia Newspapers Project identifies local Culpeper County, Virginia Genealogy newspapers.
Indexed images of the Virginia Gazette (1736-1780) are available online through the Colonial Williamsburg website. In addition, Professor Tom Costa and The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia have created a database of all advertisements for runaway slaves, indentured servants, transported convicts, and ship deserters listed in this source and other Virginia newspapers (1736-1803), see: The Geography of Slavery in Virginia. These newspapers are valuable resources for all regions of Virginia.
The book An Index for Bell and Howell Microfilm Miscellaneous Titles and Dates, Culpeper, Va. Fredericksburg, Virginia: R.A. Hodge, 198-? is available on microfiche at through the FHL. The book indexes the Culpeper Observer, the Culpeper Times, the Piedmont Advance, and the Culpeper Enterprise from June 24, 1859 through September 21, 1899, and The Exponent, the Culpeper Times, and the Culpeper Exponent from June 9, 1882 through February 8, 1889.]
Private Papers
Collection of Papers from Culpeper Co., VA: Dealing with the Payne, Tull, Stewart, Ficklin and Related Families, 1848-1859. Available at FHL.
Probate Records
A free index to Culpeper County, Virginia Genealogy wills and administrations (1749-1800) is available at the Library of Virginia.
- Dorman, John Frederick, Culpeper County, Virginia: Will Book A, 1749 - 1770. Washington, District of Columbia: [J.F. Dorman], 1956. Available at FHL; digital verstion at World Vital Records ($).
- Green, Susanna Thornton and James W. Green. The Will of Robert Green of Culpeper County, Va. 1895; reprint with supplements, 1957. Reviewed in The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1958):91-92. Available at FHL; digital version at American Ancestors ($).
- Wulfeck, Dorothy Ford. Culpeper County, Virginia, Will Books B and C, Court Suits, Loose Papers, Inscriptions. Naugatuck, Conn.: D.F. Wulfeck, 1965. Available at FHL. Reviewed in The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 10, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1966):35-36. Review available at FHL; digital version at American Ancestors ($).
- Digital Images of Culpeper County Wills 1749-1770. See names of testators. Virginia Pioneers
- 1749-1770; 1770-1783 – Images of Wills, Estates, Inventories etc. Virginia Pioneers ($)
Online Probate Records
- 1639 – 1850 Virginia Land, Marriage and Probate Records 1639-1850 at Ancestry.com — index to transcribed records, incomplete, $
- 1749 - 1770; 1770 - 1783 – Images of Wills Virginia Pioneers ($)
- 1826 – 1845; 1845 – 1852 – Images of Wills Virginia Pioneers ($)
- 1845 – 1852 – Indexes to Wills and Inventories Virginia Pioneers ($)
Research Guides
- "A Guide to the Counties of Virginia: Culpeper County," The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1964):63-66. Available at FHL; digital version at American Ancestors ($).
How can Virginia tax lists help me?
- 1782-1802 - Culpeper County Personal Property Tax Lists 1782-1802 (images); digital version in Tax List Club at Binns Genealogy ($).
- 1782-1791 - Tax Digests Virginia Pioneers ($)
- 1782-1823 - Heinegg, Paul. "Culpeper County Personal Property Tax List 1782-1802, 1803-1823," Free African Americans.com, available online. Heinegg abstracted free blacks listed in these records.
- 1783 - Personal Property (or Land) Tax List, 1783; index online at Revolutionary War Service website - free.
- 1783 - Norris, Mary Boldridge. Property Tax List of Culpeper County, Virginia: And Names of Slaves, 1783. Raleigh, N.C.: n.p., 1936. Digital versions at Ancestry ($); FamilySearch Books Online - free.
- 1783 - Fothergill, Augusta B. and John Mark Naugle. Virginia Tax Payers, 1782-87, Other Than Those Published by the United States Census Bureau. 1940; reprint, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1978. Online at FamilySearch - free. 1783 personal property tax list of Culpeper County.
- 1787 - Schreiner-Yantis, Netti and Florene Speakman Love. The 1787 Census of Virginia: An Accounting of the Name of Every White Male Tithable Over 21 Years, the Number of White Males Between 16 & 21 Years, the Number of Slaves over 16 & Those Under 16 Years, Together with a Listing of Their Horses, Cattle & Carriages, and Also the Names of All Persons to Whom Ordinary Licenses and Physician's Licenses Were Issued. 3 vols. Springfield, Va.: Genealogical Books in Print, 1987. Available at FHL. The source of this publication is the 1787 personal property tax list. Culpeper County is included in Vol. 1.
- 1788-1789 - Clay, Robert Y. "Some Delinquent Taxpayers 1787-1790," The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1976):29-34. Available at FHL; digital version at American Ancestors ($). These records identify migrants who left the county and often their intended destinations. Culpeper County's 1788-1789 Delinquent Lists appear on p. 29-31.
- 1791 - Indexed images of the 1791 Personal Property Tax List of Culpeper County, Virginia are available online, courtesy: Binns Genealogy.
- 1800 - "Culpeper County, Virginia, 1800 Tax List," The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 16, No. 3 (Jul.-Sep. 1972):185-190; Vol. 16, No. 4 (Oct.-Dec. 1972):277-280; Vol. 17, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1973):29-32; Vol. 17, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1973):93-100. Available at FHL; digital version at American Ancestors ($).
- 1801 - Images of the 1801 Personal Property Tax List of Culpeper County, Virginia are available online, courtesy: Binns Genealogy.
- 1815 - Ward, Roger D. 1815 Directory of Virginia Landowners (and Gazetteer). 6 vols. Athens, Georgia: Iberian Pub. Co., 1997-2000. Available at FHL. The source for this publication is the 1815 land tax. Culpeper County is included in Vol. 4.
Vital Records
Indexes to Culpeper County, Virginia Genealogy births, marriages, and deaths are available online. These collections are incomplete, but are easy to search. Most records can also be ordered electronically online as well. Courtesy: FamilySearch. See also How to order Virginia Vital Records
- 1864-1917 - Culpeper County Birth Index 1864-1917. Batch C868611 at FamilySearch - free.[26]
- 1912-1913 - Virginia, Birth Certificates, 1912-1913 at FamilySearch — index and images
- 1660-1800 - Virginia Marriages 1660-1800 (Ancestry) ($).
- 1660-1959 - Virginia, United States Marriages at FindMyPast — index $
- 1740-1850 - Virginia Marriages 1740-1850 (Ancestry) ($).
- 1751-1754 - King, George H.S. "Some Culpeper County Marriages," The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 5, No. 4 (Oct.-Dec. 1961):176. Available at FHL; digital version at American Ancestors ($). [Identifies marriage license fees some men paid in 1751 and 1754. These entries were found in the Chancery Suit Clayton v. Gray, File #49, Fredericksburg District Court.]
- 1781-1853 - Culpeper County Marriage Index 1781-1853. Batch M868744 at FamilySearch - free.
- 1936-1988 - Virginia, Marriage Certificates, 1936-1988 at FamilySearch — index and images
- 1918-1988 - Virginia, Divorce Records, 1918-1988 at FamilySearch — index and images
- 1864-1896 - Culpeper County Death Index 1864-1896. Batch B868611 at FamilySearch - free.
- 1912-1987 - Virginia, Death Certificates, 1912-1987 at FamilySearch — index and images
Beth Fridley has published abstracts of Culpeper County death records online at Ancestry:
- Culpeper County, Virginia Deaths, 1854-1879 [database on-line]. Available at Ancestry ($).
- Culpeper County, Virginia Deaths, 1880-96 [database on-line]. Available at Ancestry ($).
Vital Record Substitutes
The Virginia Historical Society's Marriage and Obituary Index, 1736-1820 (newspaper abstracts) is available at FamilySearch. Images of the original index cards are browseable, arranged alphabetically by surname.
|For birth, marriage, and death record substitutes, see Bible Records, Cemeteries, Church Records, Newspapers, and Probate Records.
Culpeper County Virginia Genealogy Societies and Libraries
- Culpeper Genealogical Society
- Central Virginia Genealogical Association
- Culpeper Minute Men Chapter SAR 11201 Springfield Fredericksburg, Virginia22408 540-710-6764
- Culpeper Town and County Library; Main & Mason Streets; Culpeper, Virginia 22701
Family History Centers
Family history centers provide one-on-one assistance and free access to premium genealogical websites. In addition, many centers have free how-to genealogy classes. See family history center for more information. Search the online FHC directory for a nearby family history center.
Culpeper County Virginia Genealogy Websites
- Culpeper County, Virginia USGENWEB
- FamilySearch Catalog
- Culpeper County, VA History, Records, Facts and Genealogy (Familytree101)
- Cyndi's List
- Virginia Pioneers ($)
Culpeper County Virginia Genealogy References
- ↑ https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Culpeper_Thomas_second_baron_Culpeper_of_Thoresway_1635-1689#its2
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed. (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), Culpeper County, Virginia. Page 712 At various libraries (WorldCat); FHL Book 973 D27e 2002.
- ↑ Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed. (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), Culpeper County, Virginia . Page 710-723 At various libraries (WorldCat); FHL Book 973 D27e 2002; Alice Eichholz, ed. Ancestry's Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources, Third ed. (Provo, Utah: Ancestry, 2004), 715-720.
- ↑ Wikipedia Contributors, "Culpeper County, Virginia," in Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culpeper_County,_Virginia, accessed 13 January 2012.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lost Records Localities: Counties and Cities with Missing Records, 5, in Library of Virginia (accessed 4 April 2014).
- ↑ Ninth Census of the United States: Statistics of Population, Tables I to VIII Inclusive (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1872), 70. Digital version at Internet Archive; FHL Book 973 X2pcu.
- ↑ USGS Map, Topozone.com
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 Robert Baylor Semple and George William Beale, A History of the Rise and Progress of the Baptists in Virginia (Pitt and Dickinson, 1894), 229-230, 386-387. Digital version at Google Books.
- ↑ Daughters of the American Revolution. Culpeper Minute Men Chapter (Culpepper, Virginia), History of Crooked Run Baptist Church, Culpeper County, Virginia: Names and Dates from Garnett Cemetery, the Corbin-Major Cemetery, Wrenn Inscription, MSS., 1950. Copy: FHL Film 849494 Item 9.
- ↑ Morgan Edwards, Materials Towards a History of the Baptists in the Provinces of Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia (1772), 91. Digitized by SCDL Collections - free.
- ↑ John Frederick Dorman, "Review of Hebron Church Register, 1750-1825, Madison, Virginia," in The Virginia Genealogist, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1982):137. Digital version at American Ancestors ($). FHL Book 975.5 B2vg v. 26 (1982)
- ↑ Jay Worrall, The Friendly Virginians: America's First Quakers (Athens, Ga.: Iberian Publishing Company, 1994), 537-539. FHL Book 975.5 K2wj.
- ↑ Kenneth Scott, British Aliens in the United States During the War of 1812 (Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1979), 320-333. FHL Book 973 W4s; digital version at Ancestry ($).
- ↑ "Historic Prince William Sponsors New Historic Map by Eugene Scheel," The Newsletter of the Prince William County Genealogical Society, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Aug. 1991):10.
- ↑ FamilySearch Catalog, www.familysearch.org.
- ↑ Stuart Lee Butler, A Guide to Virginia Militia Units in the War of 1812 (Athens, Ga.: Iberian Pub. Co., 1988), 71. FHL Book 975.5 M2bs.
- ↑ David F. Riggs, 7th Virginia Infantry (Lynchburg, Va.: H.E. Howard, 1982). FHL Book 975.5 M2vr v. 3.
- ↑ Robert T. Bell, 11th Virginia Infantry (Lynchburg, Va.: H.E. Howard, 1985). FHL Book 975.5 M2vr v. 20.
- ↑ David F. Riggs, 13th Virginia Infantry (Lynchburg, Va.: H.E. Howard, 1988). FHL Book 975.5 M2vr v. 49.
- ↑ Heritage Preservation Services, Civil War Battle Summaries by State, (accessed 16 August 2012).
- ↑ Heritage Preservation Services, Civil War Battle Summaries by State, (accessed 2 August 2012).
- ↑ Heritage Preservation Services, Civil War Battle Summaries by State, (accessed 17 August, 2012)
- ↑ Heritage Preservation Services, Civil War Battle Summaries by State, (accessed 16 August 2012).
- ↑ Heritage Preservation Services, Civil War Battle Summaries by State, (accessed 2 August 2012).
- ↑ Heritage Preservation Services, Civil War Battle Summaries by State, (accessed 2 August 2012).
- ↑ Genealogical Society of Utah, Parish and Vital Records List (July 1998). Microfiche. Digital version at https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/images/3/37/Igivirginia.pdf.


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Behavioral Game Design
April 27, 2001 Page 1 of 2
Every computer game is designed around the same central element: the player. While the hardware and software for games may change, the psychology underlying how players learn and react to the game is a constant. The study of the mind has actually come up with quite a few findings that can inform game design, but most of these have been published in scientific journals and other esoteric formats inaccessible to designers. Ironically, many of these discoveries used simple computer games as tools to explore how people learn and act under different conditions.
The techniques that I'll discuss in this article generally fall under the heading of behavioral psychology. Best known for the work done on animals in the field, behavioral psychology focuses on experiments and observable actions. One hallmark of behavioral research is that most of the major experimental discoveries are species-independent and can be found in anything from birds to fish to humans. What behavioral psychologists look for (and what will be our focus here) are general "rules" for learning and for how minds respond to their environment. Because of the species- and context-free nature of these rules, they can easily be applied to novel domains such as computer game design. Unlike game theory, which stresses how a player should react to a situation, this article will focus on how they really do react to certain stereotypical conditions.
What is being offered here is not a blueprint for perfect games, it is a primer to some of the basic ways people react to different patterns of rewards. Every computer game is implicitly asking its players to react in certain ways. Psychology can offer a framework and a vocabulary for understanding what we are already telling our players.
Contingencies and Schedules
The concrete translation of "What are we asking of our players?" is "What are our contingencies?" A contingency is a rule or set of rules governing when rewards are given out. The anecdote about this discovery (as passed to me by one of his students) is that one day B. F. Skinner ran low on the small food pellets he gave the rats in his experiments. Rather than risk running out and having to stop work for the day, he began to provide the pellets every tenth time the rats pressed the lever instead of every time. Experimenting with different regimens of reward, he found that they produced markedly different patterns of response. From this was born a new area of psychology, and one that has some strong implications for game design.
Some common terms in behavioral psychology as they apply to game design considerations:
Reinforcer: An outcome or result, generally used to refer to a reward. Examples: an experience point, winning a level, a bigger gun.
Contingency: A rule or set of rules governing when reinforcers are given. Also referred to as a schedule of reinforcement. Examples: a level every 1,000 experience points, a bonus level that is only available if you kill a certain opponent.
Response: An action on the part of the player that can fulfill the contingency. This could be killing a monster, visiting an area of the game board, or using a special ability.
The contingencies in computer games are more complex, but the analogy is clear enough. For example, players in an RPG earn experience points to gain levels or collect bonus items to gain extra lives. In an arcade-style game, power-ups appear at random intervals, or only when certain conditions are met. As in any contingency, there are actions on the part of the participant which provide a reward under specific circumstances. This is not to say that players are the same as rats, but that there are general rules of learning which apply equally to both.
Ratios and Intervals
There are essentially two fundamental sorts of contingencies, ratios and intervals. Ratio schedules provide rewards after a certain number of actions have been completed. For example, a player might gain an extra life after killing 20 opponents. This would be called a "fixed ratio" schedule, because the same number of kills is required every time. Other types of ratios will be discussed later.
One of the most common contingencies found in games, fixed ratio schedules typically produce a very distinct pattern in the participant. First there is a long pause, then a steady burst of activity as fast as possible until a reward is given. This makes sense when one considers that the very first action never brings a reward, so there is little incentive to make that first kill. Once participants decide to go for the reward, they act as fast as they can to bring the reward quickly.
The distinct pause shown under a fixed ratio schedule can be a real issue for game designers. Having a period of time where there is little incentive to play the game can lead to the player walking away. Additionally, the length of the pause is a function of the size of the ratio (the number of actions required), so the more actions required the longer the pause. This means that if the ratio increases over time, such as the increasing number of experience points required to gain a level in Dungeons & Dragons, so does the pause. Eventually, the pause can become infinite, and the player simply decides it's not worth it and walks away.
As in any contingency, there are actions on the part of the participant which provide a reward under specific circumstances.
On the plus side, during the pause other, less rewarding activities often come to the fore. For example, if players know it will take them a long time to gain their next level, they might take the time to test a new tactic or try out different aspects of the game.
There are also "variable ratio" schedules, in which a specific number of actions are required, but that number changes every time. A player might be required to shoot down approximately 20 enemy fighters to gain an extra ship, but the precise number is randomly generated each time. It's important to note that the player does not know how many actions are required this time, just the average number from previous experience.
Under variable ratio schedules, participants typically respond with a steady flow of activity at a reasonably high rate. While not quite as high a rate as the burst under a fixed ratio schedule, it is more consistent and lacks the pausing that can cause trouble. Since it's possible (though unlikely) that the player can gain a life for shooting down only one enemy, there's always a reason to go hunting.
Killing opponents to gain experience points and gain levels is one example of a ratio contingency.
In general, variable ratio schedules produce the highest overall rates of activity of all the schedules that I'll discuss here. This doesn't necessarily mean they're the best, but if what you're looking for is a high and constant rate of play, you want a variable ratio contingency.
On the other side of the coin there are interval schedules. Instead of providing a reward after a certain number of actions, interval schedules provide a reward after a certain amount of time has passed. In a "fixed interval" schedule, the first response after a set period of time produces a reward. For example, the game might introduce a power-up into the playing field 30 minutes after the player collected the last one.
Participants usually respond to fixed interval contingencies by pausing for a while after a reward and then gradually responding faster and faster until another reward is given. In our power-up example, the player would concentrate on other parts of the game and return later to see if the new power-up had appeared. If it hadn't, the player would wander off again. Gradually the checks would become more frequent as the proper time approached, until at about the right time the player is sitting there waiting for it.
As in the fixed ratio, there is a pause that can cause problems for a game designer. Unlike the fixed ratio, there is no sharp transition to a high rate of activity. Instead, there is gradual increase as the appropriate time approaches. The pause remains, a period where player motivation is low.
There are also "variable interval" schedules, where the period of time involved changes after each reward. A counterpart to the variable ratio schedules, these also produce a steady, continuous level of activity, although at a slower pace. As in the variable ratio schedule, there is always a reason to be active. The power-up mentioned in the earlier example could reappear immediately after being collected or an hour later. The motivation is evenly spread out over time, so there are no low points where the players' attention might wander. The activity is lower than in a variable ratio schedule because the appearance is not dependent on activity. If the player looks for the power-up 1,000 times during the interval, it will appear no faster. Experiments have shown that we are very good at determining which consequences are the results of our own actions and which are not.
These are the basic building blocks, but this is by no means an exhaustive list. Each contingency is an arrangement of time, activity, and reward, and there are an infinite number of ways these elements can be combined to produce the pattern of activity you want from your players.
Page 1 of 2


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Ground Up Designers, the folks who brought you Built and Branded and designed the Franklin Avenue Merchants logo, have just unveiled their latest project, an installation for the Crow Hill Community Garden. The project will rely on community collaboration for its construction, and will serve as a fundraiser for community groups including the CHCA and SOS Crown Heights. Ground Up will be launching a Kickstarter campaign to fund the purchasing of materials on January 16th, and presenting the project at the CHCA meeting the following day (January 17, 2012 at 7:30pm in the Gospel Tabernacle Church at 725 Franklin Ave). They'll also be seeking grants from around the city, and from architecture competitions nationwide. Watch this space, as well as their blog, for updates, and check out their video (above) and press release (below) for more information.
From their website:
Located in the Crow Hill Community Garden, Ground Up Designers' latest community project focuses on bringing the neighborhood together to build something beautiful in memory of last summer's Labor Day shootings. During the course of the project a canopy made of disposable color-cuffs will grow in the garden to raise awareness for organizations within Crown Heights that are working to end gun violence and hopefully inspire others to get involved. All money raised through the donations of the individual cuffs will go directly toward these organization.
Each color-cuff donated to the project will stand as a symbol of it's donor's support for positive community growth in Crown Heights — as more and more people donate their personal cuff to the project, a mesh will begin to grow in a lace like pattern. This mesh of cuffs, created of our neighbors' joint community spirit, will become the canopy of the installation and a place for people of meet and organize throughout the summer. Architecturally, this canopy will be supported by a framework of fanned supporting legs that connect with hinges to a base. Just as the canopy is supported by the legs, the legs are completely dependent upon the canopy. This design was chosen to represent the relationships between the community organizations that support the community, and the individual members that support the organizations — one would not exist without the other.
Beginning in March of 2012, the color-cuffs will be available for donation at participating businesses throughout Crown Heights. If you make donation to the project, you will be given a color-cuff to personalize with a message and then leave in a collection box for pick up. Once a week, Ground Up Designers will collect the donated ties and add them to the installation. Over the course of spring and summer, the canopy will flourish overhead as the garden's plants flower and grow underneath. Ground Up Designers hopes that the gathering space beneath the canopy will be used for outdoor community meetings, poetry readings, and other inspiring community events.


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Connecticut mulls death certificate limits after Newtown massacre
HARTFORD, Conn. – A town clerk told Connecticut legislators Friday that she's been inundated with requests for copies of death certificates of Newtown school shooting victims and believes much of that information should not be released to the public.
Town Clerk Debbie Aurelia said she's concerned certain details on the documents, such as a mother's maiden name or a cemetery name, could be misused by identity thieves or used by the media and others to contact family members during their time of grief.
"They want to know where the victims are buried and how they died," she told members of the General Assembly's Government Administration and Elections Committee on Friday. "This is an extreme invasion of privacy."
Aurelia said she knows of families who have been threatened and intimidated since the Dec. 14 massacre, which left 20 first graders and six educators at Sandy Hook Elementary School dead. But Aurelia told The Associated Press that her office has not yet released any requested death certificates.
Rep. Dan Carter, a Republican whose district includes a part of Newtown, proposed the bill discussed at Friday's public hearing. It would exempt the death certificates of minors from public disclosure for 10 years, although he said he supports releasing a portion of the information.
"I don't want to see in a year from now, B-roll footage of a kid's grave from Newtown," he said. "That's one of those things. We look at this and we go, why do people really need that part of it from a public standpoint?"
According to Department of Public Health Commissioner Jewel Mullen, Connecticut is one of only a handful of states that allow unrestricted access to death records. She said most states restrict public access to the entire death certificate, redact some information or provide something called a certification of death, which is a separate document that only includes the name of the dead person and the date and place of their death.
Aurelia wants all death certificates exempt from public disclosure without time limits, but she said she would be willing to release an abridged document that includes some information such as the name, gender, date and time of death, city of death and the manner of death, such as homicide or suicide
She said she doesn't want to release the immediate cause of death, such as multiple gunshot wounds, or details such as where the person is buried, whether the body was embalmed and the mother's maiden name.
Two other public records bills have been raised during Connecticut's legislative session this year that stem from the Newtown shooting.
One calls for withholding the death certificate of a child from the public if such a disclosure would cause undue hardship for the child's family. The other would make sure personal identifying information is not included in both death and marriage certificates when requested by members of the public who are not associated with the family, the funeral home making arrangements or the deceased person's physician.
Open records advocates and genealogists oppose such efforts.
Robert Rafford, a professional genealogist from Middlebury, said he's inspected thousands of death certificates and has not seen any evidence that families could be harmed by releasing the information they contain. He said the proposals would severely restrict access to vital records.
"If I thought for one solitary moment that enacting this unprecedented legislation would be of help to the families in our state, I would unhesitatingly support it," said Rafford, a retired marriage and family therapist. "But there is no benefit to be gained by depriving our citizens of a right they have exercised for four centuries. None, whatsoever."
In written testimony, the state's Freedom of Information Commission said it was sympathetic to the desire to protect the families of deceased minors but said most sensitive information surrounding any death is already exempt form mandatory disclosure. The most graphic information is contained in autopsy reports, which are largely unavailable to the general public, the commission said.
Both the commission and the Connecticut Council on Freedom of Information raised concerns about the proposal to withhold the death certificates of minors for 10 years. Each group brought up the issue of children dying in state custody and the importance of that information being public.
"Death certificates are critical in reporting and research on a wide variety of legal and public health issues," said Claude Albert, legislative chair of the council, in submitted testimony. "In addition, this bill makes no provision for the cases of children who die in state custody, which must always be subject to close public scrutiny."


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Wall Street put on the party hats as the Dow Jones industrial average closed over the 14,000 mark for the first time since October 2007, punctuating the longest winning streak for stocks since 2004.
But before you get giddy, it's worth taking a closer look at what this means for the pocketbooks of most Americans. Despite a 5.5 percent increase in home values in 2012, according to the Case-Shiller index, the price of the average home in the US is precisely where it was a decade ago — no appreciation in home equity at all. As for blue chip stocks, is it really worth celebrating a milestone that was already crossed more than five years ago? "Happy days are here again" it is probably not.
Yes, the Dow is back to levels first seen in July 2007. That's a whole lot better than where we were in the spring of 2009, but by almost every other metric important to financial well-being, most Americans are in far worse shape than they were during that sultry summer.
Back then the unemployment rate was 4.7 percent, oil prices were 21 percent lower than they are today, and the biggest headlines coming out of Greece were about a record heat wave.
They were also halcyon days for the chairman of the Federal Reserve, Ben Bernanke. Testifying on Capitol Hill the first time the Dow hit 14K in July 2007, Bernanke needlessly fretted about inflation and assured Congress that subprime losses were in a manageable and now laughable range of $100 billion.
Since that ill-advised testimony, there have been five and a half years and trillions of dollars in money- printing in an attempt to correct Ol' Ben's shocking myopia.
And print he will continue to do. As a result, the price of gold is $1,000 higher than where it was in July of 2007, while interest rates as measured by the 10-year Treasury note are three points lower than when the Dow first crossed 14K.
Yes, Dow 14K is certainly a lot better than the Dow 7K. But having been burned badly once, investors will surely be quick to run for cover, if like in 2007, Dow 14K is just a passing fancy.