text:
Electronic Collars vs Traditional Leashes for Exercising Dogs on Town Streets—a Cause of Debate in One Small Town in Missouri
By Sophia Yin, DVM, MS
A reader, Donnie Rion of Carl Junction Missouri, recently emailed with the following dilemma, which will be debated in a town council meeting later this week.
The town I live in is looking to revise their leash law to allow dog owners to us electronic leashes to walk their dogs. Are they good enough to physically control dogs in all situations? One reason council is looking into this is that there are people here that have golf carts and they are complaining that is to hard for them to drive their golf carts and hold onto their dog leashes at the same time, so they want to be able to use electronic ones so they don't have to hold onto a leashes while the drive a golf cart.
What People Think Happens When You Use an Electronic Collar
When people think of electronic leashes, known more precisely as electronic shock collars, they imagine their dog trotting next to them in an unerring path as if held in place by an invisible force field. With this "miracle cure" for pulling or even running away, they envision everything they can do on their walk now that they can safely ignore their dog—listen to the radio, text-message their friends, or just power ahead in a daydream state. And even if a squirrel, cat or another dog crosses their path, they imagine that the invisible forcefield will magically hold the dog by their side.
What Really Happens When You Use an Electronic Collar or Electronic Leash
While, in the hands of an expert, many dogs can learn to consistently trot by one's side even in the face of major distractions, for most owners this is not likely to occur. There are several reasons for this:
First, the dog has to be taught to stay next to you and to do so at all times. For the collar to work, the owner must be able to give the shock right when the dog starts getting ahead, falling behind or walking or moving too far to the side, even after the dog knows the heel behavior. For instance if the dog sees a buddy and starts to run off to greet him, the owners must deliver the shock immediately as he starts, not 1-2 seconds later. That means, the owner must always be holding the electronic collar with finger on the delivery button or the dog will know that sometimes he has at least a 2-4 second window to do something a human might consider naughty. And, if the owner cannot deliver the shock at the very start of the dog running off, the dog is not learning that running off is the problem. In the dog's mind he is being punished for whatever he is doing at that exact moment he receives the shock.
Even if the owner is able to always be ready and holding the remote control at all times, there are other factors too. The collar has to be charged similarly to how you'd charge a video camera, and it must be snuggly fit. A loose fit or weak charge results in an unreliable shock. The dog must always wear a real electronic collar rather than wearing a fake or dummy collar. Dummy collars are often used in place of an actual electronic collar when the owners have to use the real collar on another dog but don't want to pay for two electronic collars. Another thing most people don't consider is that all electronic collars are not created equally. Some are poorly built and don't consistently work.
One huge issue, regardless of how careful one is in addressing all of the concerns listed above, is when using the collar, the shock level must be at the right intensity for the dog's level of distraction or the dog's level of excitement. In one situation a low level shock, just enough to remind him of what happens if he doesn't respond but not enough to startle, scare or hurt him is most appropriate. A low level may be all that's needed to get the dog to move back by your side. But in another situation, like a squirrel running by, anything short of the "super high" setting and Rover won't even feel it. In fact, even with the collar set to deliver the highest level of shock, some dogs will ignore the pain when they are extremely motivated to perform the undesired behavior.
You can't really solve the problem by keeping the collar on "super high" at all times. If Rover just drifts one step out of place it's not really fair to give a shock that will make him leap out of his skin. Many owners would hesitate to be so unfair and they would elect to avoid correcting this little error at all if they only have the option of using a super high level shock. As a result the dog's grey zone for where he's allowed to be would get wider and wider. Of course if you have the collar on a level appropriate for correcting small errors and Rover suddenly bee-lines after a deer, your first zap is too low and you then have to adjust the level—most often with your free hand. That adds 2-4 seconds as you try to reach the appropriately high level.
Even More Can Go Wrong in the Hands of the Average Dog Owner
Now let's add into this mix the fact that most dog owners are not dog training experts. So whereas an expert may expect the dog to trot along in a perfect heel position and every time the dog surges slightly ahead or falls behind or starts straying to the side, the dog gets a zap, the regular dog owner has shades of grey not to mention long periods of mental snoozing on the job. The typical dog owner's criteria for using the collar changes randomly. Their dog runs ahead of them or weaves back and forth or is in the general area and it's okay at least nine out of ten times. Then once in a while that same behavior earns a zap. Its not unusual that the owner never quite trains their dog what heel position is in the first place. Because realistically if they did, they could just wear a hands free leash (such as the buddy system) which ties around their waist so even when using an electronic collar the leash would not be an inconvenience at all.
In my experience, about 95% of individuals using an electronic collar use it incorrectly or are in a family where at least one of the family members who handles the dog uses it incorrectly meaning the dog gets mixed signals about what is or is not appropriate behavior. I've also seen many people use it to punish their dog for something it did 3 to 5 minutes earlier. They are angry so hit the button while the dog is not engaged in an inappropriate behavior. The dog cannot be expected to learn what is allowed and what is not under these conditions, which sadly are not uncommon.
Now Add the Golf Cart Issue
On top of all of the electronic collar issues there's one more factor—the golf cart. If it's on a bike path without cars and with very low traffic and the driver is very focused on both driving and on the dog, it may be ok. But dogs plus moving vehicles in the street are generally not a good mix. When on leash you'd have to be careful that the leash doesn't dangle too closely to a wheel or that you don't accidentally pull the dog close enough to be run over. Off leash on a regular two-way street with regular cars, eventually a town dog will get run over while the owner multitasks by holding the electronic collar, keeping an eye on the dog, and also trying to watch the road. Add the ubiquitous cell phone to the mix and it's a real recipe for disaster. It's also possible that the dog could help create an accident with another vehicle. So the entire issue of having dogs on electronic collars so they can be exercised next to golf carts on regular residential streets without a leash is a safety issue for dogs as well as everyone else on the road. If it's on a bike path with low traffic, the safety vs risks are up to your city council to decide.
To find tips on how to get into shape with your dog read the drsophiayin.com blog article "Get Fit with Your Dog: My New Years Day Dog Human Exercise Workout" as well as my Huffington Post blog article: A New Year's Day Resolution: Get Fit With Your Dog.
To learn how to run with your dog read "First Steps on Running with Your Dog."
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text: Robert G. Brown wrote: > > This probably doesn't worry them, because in one sense anybody who uses > matlab for doing "serious" computations probably needs therapy, and > clusters are often build for doing serious computations. However, this > particular cluster is being built as much to support many students doing > less serious computations as it is to support work that really should > probably be done in c.* or f.*, and in a lot of cases the real expense > is teaching people with little or no real programming experience how to > convert from a garbage-tolerant interactive environment to a compiled > language. > You can buy a matlab compiler from mathworks. Perhaps this would work better. There is also some kind of run-time server as well that turns the code into standalone programs. I've never used either, but we may soon. Experiences with either would be appreciated. -- Orion Poplawski System Administrator 303-415-9701 x222 Colorado Research Associates/NWRA FAX: 303-415-9702 3380 Mitchell Lane, Boulder CO 80301 http://www.co-ra.com

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Each component model exchanges data with the coupler only. Component models have no direct connection with each other - all data is routed through the coupler. Most data is in the form of 2D fields. This data is accompanied by certain timing and control information (arrays of scalar real or integer values), such as the current simulation data and time.
All data exchanged conforms to this units convention:
Sign convention: positive value <=> downward flux Unit convention: temperature ~ Kelvin salt ~ g/kg velocity ~ m/s pressure ~ N/m^2 = Pa humidity ~ kg/kg air density ~ kg/m^3 momentum flux ~ N/m^2 heat flux ~ W/m^2 water flux ~ (kg/s)/m^2 salt flux ~ (kg/s)/m^2 coordinates ~ degrees north or east area ~ radians^2 domain mask ~ 0 <=> an inactive grid cell
This section provides a list of the time invariant data exchanged between the coupler and each component model. Generally this data is the "domain" data: coordinate arrays, domain mask, cell areas, etc. It is assumed that the domain of all models is represented by a 2D array (although not necessarily a latitude/longitude grid).
domain data * grid cell's center coordinates, zonal (degrees north) * grid cell's center coordinates, meridional (degrees east) * grid cell's four vertex coordinates, zonal (degrees north) * grid cell's four vertex coordinates, meridional (degrees east) * grid cell area (radians squared) * grid cell domain mask ( 0 <=> not in active domain) * ni,nj: the dimensions of the underlying 2D array data structure time coordination data * ncpl: number of times per day the component will communicate (exchange data) with the coupler. other information * IC flag: indicates whether the coupler should use model IC's contained on the coupler's restart file or IC's in the initial message sent from the component model.
time coordination data * date, seconds: the exact time the coupler will start the simulation from.
This section provides a list of the time-evolving data sent exchanged between the coupler and the data model. Generally this is state, flux, and diagnostic quantities.
Each data model provides the coupler with a set of output fields. Output fields from a model include output states (which can be used by another component to compute fluxes) and output fluxes (fluxes that were computed within the model and which need to be exchanged with another component model.
The coupler provides each component model with input fields. Input fields sent to a model include input states (the state variables of other models, which are needed to do a flux calculation) and input fluxes (a forcing fields computed by some other component).
Flux fields sent to or from the coupler are understood to apply over the communication interval beginning when the data was received and ending when the next message is received. The data models must insure that fluxes sent to the coupler are appropriate in this context.
states * albedo: visible , direct * albedo: near-infrared, direct * albedo: visible , diffuse * albedo: near-infrared, diffuse * surface temperature (Kelvin) * snow height (m) * ice fraction * ocean fraction * land fraction (implied by ice and ocean fractions) fluxes * zonal surface stress (N/m^2) * meridional surface stress (N/m^2) * latent heat (W/m^2) * sensible heat (W/m^2) * longwave radiation, upward (W/m^2) * evaporation ((kg/s)/m^2) diagnostic quantities * 2 meter reference air temperature (Kelvin)
states * layer height (m) * zonal velocity (m/s) * meridional velocity (m/s) * temperature (Kelvin) * potential temperature (Kelvin) * pressure (Pa) * equivalent sea level pressure (Pa) * specific humidity (kg/kg) * density humidity (kg/m^3) fluxes * precipitation: liquid, convective ((kg/s)/m^2) * precipitation: liquid, large-scale ((kg/s)/m^2) * precipitation: frozen, convective ((kg/s)/m^2) * precipitation: frozen, large-scale ((kg/s)/m^2) * longwave radiation, downward (W/m^2) * shortwave radiation: downward, visible , direct (W/m^2) * shortwave radiation: downward, near-infrared, direct (W/m^2) * shortwave radiation: downward, visible , diffuse (W/m^2) * shortwave radiation: downward, near-infrared, diffuse (W/m^2) diagnostic quantities * net shortwave radiation (W/m^2)
Data from the input data sequence is assumed to be daily average data. This data is linearly interpolated in time to get instantaneous fields, and this data is sent to the coupler. All data sent to the coupler is taken directly from the input data files, with a few exceptions (see below). The datm input data files are in the same format as history files created by CAM3 (normally they are created by CAM3). The derivations below are based on algorithms that the CAM atmosphere model would have used if it were able to put these fields on a CAM history file.


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The first debate between President Obama and Mitt Romney was probably the most stark "Emperor has no clothes" moment in our modern political history. And the problem for Obama did not end with that debate. In the second and third debates, Obama tried to substitute shots at his opponent (mostly cheap ones) for clothing.
Meanwhile Romney, having turned the momentum in his favor, kept talking about his clothes — his five point plan to create jobs, the approach he would take to the Middle East, and so forth. When the dust had settled, the flailing, naked Obama trailed his challenger by several points in the national polls.
So Obama finally decided to don some attire, in the form of a four-point economic plan. Tellingly, he rented these clothes from Romney.
Obama actually owns some clothes of his own — the ones he has worn during his presidency. They are knock-offs of the dull garb worn for decades by European Socialists, with a few Chinese accessories thrown in. He donned them after becoming president, having previously dazzled voters with hip, even psychedelic attire during the 2008 campaign.
Forced to face the voters again, this time in bad economic times when hipsterism is not an option, Obama concluded that both no clothes and Romney's clothes are preferable to his own wardrobe.


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The Dodgers bulked up their spring training roster Tuesday with one veteran and a swarm of prospects.
Free-agent catcher Miguel Olivo, 35, signed a minor-league contract with an invitation to spring training. Olivo batted .203/.250/.392 for the Miami Marlins last year before leaving the team in June. More recently Olivo batted .198/.289/.314 in 26 games in the Dominican Winter League.
The 12-year major-league veteran immediately becomes the most experienced backstop in camp. Only three catchers are currently on the Dodgers' 40-man roster: A.J. Ellis, Tim Federowicz and Drew Butera.
The Dodgers also re-signed catcher Griff Erickson to a minor-league deal and invited him to spring training, along with eight of the organization's top prospects: Joc Pederson, Zach Lee, Chris Reed, Ross Stripling, Miguel Rojas, Red Patterson, Carlos Frias and Chris O'Brien.
It's the first major-league spring training invitation for Pederson — tabbed as the Dodgers' No. 1 overall prospect by both MLB.com and BaseballAmerica.com — and Lee, whom MLB.com chose as the Dodgers' top pitching prospect.
Pederson, Lee, Reed, Stripling, Frias and Rojas finished last season at Double-A Chattanooga. Patterson spent all of last season at Triple-A Albuquerque, and O'Brien finished at Single-A Rancho Cucamonga.
They will join five other non-roster invitees in Glendale, Ariz., in February: Infielder Clint Robinson, left-hander Daniel Moskos, infielder Brendan Harris, right-hander Sam Demel and catcher J.C. Boscan.
Fans entering Dodger Stadium will have to pass through permanent metal detectors beginning in 2015, team president Stan Kasten said.
All major-league teams were recently presented with MLB's plans for heightened stadium security, according to the Associated Press. The AP reported that league's security director, John Skinner, recommended that all 30 stadiums install walk-through metal detectors. The Seattle Mariners announced earlier today that Safeco Field is getting a head start with the installation of permanent magnometers in time for Opening Day of this year.
Kasten said the Dodgers will use the 2014 season to experiment with different screening methods at each entrance point, "and by '15 we're going to have all the (permanent) gates. We're all expected to have that same kind of security in place. Everything will be some variation on Seattle."
Fans arriving at Dodger Stadium are already subject to bag searches and, in some cases, hand-held magnetic wand scans. Kasten said that no security devices are being installed as part of the ongoing stadium renovations.


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No. 8 Baseball Completes Unbeaten Weekend, 4-0
BATON ROUGE -- Eighth-ranked LSU (3-0) picked up its second shutout of the new season Sunday, defeating Air Force, 4-0, in Alex Box Stadium.
The Tigers outscored their opponents, 33-2, in earning three wins over the opening weekend of the season. In addition to Sunday's victory, LSU defeated Air Force 10-2 on Friday and the Tigers blanked Alcorn State 19-0 on Saturday.
Air Force, which defeated Alcorn State, 6-1, earlier Sunday, dropped to 1-3 on the season with the loss to LSU.
Kurt McCune (1-0) provided the Tigers with six solid innings of scoreless baseball to earn the win Sunday. The sophomore right-hander punched out four, allowed three hits and walked one on a brisk afternoon. McCune retired the side in three of his six innings of work.
"I thought Kurt McCune was tremendous today," said LSU coach Paul Mainieri. "He has such great locations on his pitches, and it always seems he can throw exactly where he wants to. That's the secret to his success."
Freshman Aaron Nola and sophomore Nick Rumbelow combined to shut the door on the Falcon's comeback hopes. Nola fired two scoreless frames and struck out two. Rumbelow worked himself out of bases-loaded ninth inning jam to protect the victory.
LSU posted back-to-back shutouts for the first time since April 2008, when the Tigers blanked Centenary and Alabama in consecutive outings.
"It's tough to lose a game when the other team doesn't score any runs," Mainieri said. "Everyone who took the mound for us over the weekend really did an outstanding job. Overall, I think we played well in all three games; there are always areas in which we can improve but I can't find too much fault with the way our players performed."
The LSU offense chased Air Force starter Michael Ceci Sunday after four innings. The lefty gave up three runs, two earned, five hits and two walks and struck out two.
Tyler Moore drove in two runs on a fourth inning single and Jackson Slaid provided three hits and an RBI single.
Mason Katz led off the bottom of the fourth with a hotshot single to left. He moved to second on Slaid's single to right. JaCoby Jones stepped up and crushed a ball that was tracked down in center, and Katz moved to third.
Austin Nola hit a dribbler back to the pitcher who appeared to have Katz caught in a rundown. Katz evaded the tag and reached third safely. Nola was safe at first and Slaid moved to second.
Moore ripped a liner into center that plated Katz and Slaid, and moved Nola to third. Moore proceeded to steal second and the throw from the catcher was off target and into centerfield. Nola jogged home to give LSU the 3-0 lead.
In the top of the fifth, right fielder Raph Rhymes made a spectacular diving catch that brought Tiger fans to their feet.
The Tigers threatened in the bottom of the sixth, but could not garner another run. Nola drew a two-out walk and then reached third after the catcher's throw sailed into center. Moore made contact and was thrown out at first to end the threat.
Moore showed quick reflexes in the top of the seventh. Air Force's Taylor Ausbun attempted to surprise the Tigers with a bunt attempt, only to pop it up high in to the air behind the plate. Moore quickly turned around, found the ball and made a leaping catch for the second out of the inning. Aaron Nola registered the third out on a strike out.
LSU reached Air Force reliever Todd Del Toro in the top of the eighth. Rhymes led off with a hot shot single to left field and moved to second on a wild pitch. Slaid smashed a single in front of the center fielder and scored Rhymes to give LSU an insurance run.
Air Force threatened in the top of the ninth. Blair Roberts reached base on an error by Austin Nola. Garrett Custons reached base on a fielder's choice and made it to second on Patrick Lobo's bloop single. Ausbun struck out, but Moore's throw to first was off target. Rumbelow recovered to force pinch hitter David Thomas to fly out and end the game.
LSU 4, Air Force 0 (Feb 19, 2012 at Baton Rouge, La.)
Air Force........... 000 000 000 - 0 4 2 (1-3)
Pitchers: Air Force - CECI, Michael; DEL TORO, Todd(5); HOURIN, Jack(8) and CUSTONS, Garrett.
LSU - Kurt McCune; Aaron Nola(7); Nick Rumbelow(9) and Tyler Moore.
Win-Kurt McCune(1-0) Loss-CECI, Michael(0-1) T-2:09 A-10341
Weather: 56F and partly cloudy
Actual attendance: 5,078


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Join us around the campfire at Fort Griffin on the Great Western Cattle Trail, and listen to tales and lore about the trail drives, longhorn cattle, and frontier adventures of the 1870s. View part of the State of Texas Longhorn herd, and walk in the tracks and dust of thousands of longhorns from many years past. Enjoy the campfire revelry and tall tales that cowboys on the trail told long ago!
- Fort Griffin State Historic Site
- 1701 N. U.S. Hwy. 283
- Albany, Texas
- 76430
- Contact: Fort Griffin
- Phone:
- Visit Website
General admission


text:
It appears that two of Mary's brothers fought in the war. James T. Tosh attended the Virginia Military Institute and served as adjutant general and aide-de-camp to Brig. Gen. Robert E. Colston, commander of the 16th Infantry Regiment. He would have been the General's right-hand man. William Tosh served in Salem's Flying Artillery with his brother-in-law and Mary's husband, Marcellus White. Mary had a lot of loved ones fighting which probably meant meaning stressful years.
I have no record of Mary Tosh's marriage to Marcellus White, but I believe they were married in 1859 because their first child was born in July 1860.
All records that I have found for their first child, Thomas White, indicate that he was born in Virginia. Yet there is not a record of his parents in Virginia during that time. There is a "possible" 1860 census entry for the White family in Ray County, Missouri, which could include Mary. However, she is listed as living with her father in Virginia in 1860. You just can't be in two places at once, Mary.
I believe that Marcellus and Mary knew that a war was imminent and decided to move their family further away from the center of the action, hence Missouri. Or, they could have been following Marcellus' sister and her husband, who had moved to Missouri in the 1850s. Sadly, Missouri was a very dangerous place during the war thanks to guerrilla warfare running rapid, so the young family was no safer there.
Regardless, Mary spent the entire war raising her son on her own (with possible help from her in-laws). Marcellus fought for the South throughout the war, even spending a year as a prisoner of war. It must have been a very difficult time for Mary.
Upon his return from the war, Marcellus and Mary settled in Ray County, Missouri and continued their family. Marcellus was a farmer and Mary a housewife. Little information is known about the couple. I have found no record of Marcellus owning land. Marcellus died in 1895.
Mary lived on for another twenty years. In her later years she lived with my second-great grandfather, Hugh C. White. She died February 26, 1915, just 12 days after her 80th birthday. She is buried next to her husband in Lavelock Cemetery, Hardin, Missouri.
Other posts about Mary and the Tosh family:


text:
Weekly Wire: the Global Forum
These are some of the views and reports relevant to our readers that caught our attention this week.
Trust Law
Corruption in water sector increases hunger risk – experts
"Stamping out corruption in the water sector is crucial to boosting global food production as world population growth increases pressure on water supplies, according to experts meeting at World Water Week in Stockholm.
Corruption in the water sector is already a major problem for farmers and it's likely to get worse as competition for water increases, a joint statement released by the Water Integrity Network (WIN), Transparency Internationaland the U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Water Governance Facility at the Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) said.
Governments, businesses and civil society must work together to improve transparency in the water sector, and introduce better checks and balances to counter corruption and nepotism, the statement said." READ MORE
All Africa
Africa: Climate Conversations - Helping Women Gain a Voice On Climate Change
"What are the gender dimensions of climate change? As a starting point, we know that women and men do not experience climate change equally.
In many developing countries economic constraints and cultural norms that restrict women's access to employment mean that their livelihoods are particularly dependent on climate-sensitive sectors, such as subsistence agriculture or water collection.
Yet gender inequalities in the distribution of assets and opportunities mean that their choices are severely constrained in the face of climate change." READ MORE
Africa: 'Nigeria Can Help Africa to Achieve Food Security'
"FSDH Securities Limited has said that with appropriate policies to aid commercial farming in Nigeria and develop agro-allied industries, the country would be able to help Africa in achieving food security.
The investment and research firm stated this in its latest weekly report titled: "Urgent Need to increase agricultural productivity."
Nigeria accounts for about 16 per cent of the continent's population, with its arable land constituting about 75 per cent of its total land area. Currently, agricultural sector of the Nigerian economy contributes about 40 per cent to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs, directly or indirectly, more than 70 per cent of the working population.
"This means that Nigeria has the potentials to contribute meaningfully to the food security in Africa," the firm said." READ MORE
Access Info!
Open Government Standards
"Access Info Europe is leading a new campaign to create Open Government Standards and promote them around the world. The idea is to set standards on what open, transparent, accountable and participatory government really means.
Open Government is a hot topic right now, but what does it really mean in practice? What should governments be doing in the areas of Transparency, Participation and Accountability to qualify as "open governments"? What are the uses of new communications technologies which really advance openness as opposed to merely perpetuating existing bureaucratic practices in a digital environment?" READ MORE
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Photo credit: Flickr user fdecomite


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Futbol Mundial Magazine: Futbol Mundial is the nation's largest soccer and Spanish language sports publication with an audited circulation in excess of one million. The publication's goal is to cover soccer from a global perspective while simultaneously connecting the fastest growing sport in the US - the sport of soccer - with its largest, most loyal fan base - Hispanics. Futbol Mundial is a publication that lends itself to features and analysis with strong opinions.
Subscibers also subscribe to these mags:


text:
PDE UI Incubator ApiTools Compare
API Comparison Tool
What is it for?
The tool compares APIs exposed by two versions of your product. It reports changes that might break backward compatibility and provides a list of backward-compatible modifications.
Reports are produced as XML and HTML files. Here is the sample report:
What's an API?
Good question. For starters here are some links; more information will be added later to this section. Evolving Java-based APIs - What is considered an API in Eclipse.
How does the tool work?
The tool contains two operations: create an API snapshot and compare the code against API snapshot.
Both operations can be accessed via menus or run in a batch mode.
The dialog to create API snapshot looks like this:
And the dialog to compare code with the API snapshot looks like this:
Getting the Pieces
Source code is stored in the PDE incubator (:pserver:firstname.lastname@example.com:/cvsroot/eclipse) in the HEAD/pde-incubator/api-tooling/plugins.
There are two plug-ins:
- org.eclipse.pde.api.tools
- org.eclipse.pde.api.tools.ui
The Eclipse 3.3M4 or later should be used to compile those plug-ins.
Eclipse Bugzilla - Eclipse bug tracking database.
PDE Incubator - New projects that might be incorporated into PDE in future.
PDE UI Home Page - The main PDE UI web site.


text:
Bachelor of Arts in Psychology
Chatham University's Psychology curriculum enables students to think scientifically about behavior and mental processes, to appreciate and respect others, and to pursue a variety of post-baccalaureate alternatives, including employment and graduate or professional school.
This major is applicable to any career in which an understanding of human thought and behavior is central, including the health sciences, personnel/human resources, social work, introductory level counseling, interviewing, and data collection.
At Chatham, you can transfer up to 90 credits previously earned from a two-year or four-year accredited college or university. Plus, you can use work experience competency to earn time- and money-saving credit through our generous Prior Learning Assessment program. This saves you money and helps you finish your degree as quickly as possible.
What to expect
Through this completion program, students will be able to transfer previously earned credits from either a two year college or from a previous four-year academic program. We know and respect our students and expect the best from them, providing the support and encouragement they need to become professionals. We take pride in our teaching and make our curriculum rigorous, challenging, interesting, and innovative, resulting in consistently highly-rated courses by students.
Our students go on to both graduate and professionals schools, and begin careers in a wide range of areas. Many of our students apply to our unique 5-year Master of Science in Counseling Psychology Program. At the successful conclusion of this program, a student is awarded both bachelor's and master's degrees, and is eligible to be licensed as a professional counselor.
Something to consider
"What's the fastest growing jobs in the country? Psychologists, according to the [U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics], which projects the job to grow at 53% between now and 2022. Their annual median pay: $83,580."
Source: Forbes, "The Highest Paying, Fastest Growing Jobs (Guess Which Business Gigs Pay Most)." 1/10/14


text:
Appliance Leaks in Newport Coast, CA 92657
Is water leaking from the dishwasher in your Newport Coast, California home? Appliances are not supposed to leak! If they do, certain steps should be taken immediately to avoid further damage to your house or place of business. First, turn off the appliance if it is still running. If you've got active flooding, turn off the water at its source immediately. Call your plumber or HVAC company to fix the problem that is causing the leaking, then call West Coast Restoration Inc to remove the water and dry your property. Drying out homes in Newport Coast, whether from leaking ice makers, refrigerators, or water heaters, is what we do best.
Call for Immediate Action
Since 1990, West Coast Restoration Inc has responded with swift action to remediate properties that have flooded because of an appliance leak in Newport Coast. The usual culprits include:
- Dish washers
- Washing machines
- Refrigerators
- Ice boxes
- Water heaters
- RO (reverse osmosis) systems
- If you've got a leaking appliance in Newport Coast, we've got a solution! Call (714) 584-4894!
Newport Coast Appliance Leaks Remediated
Water pooling on the floor around a water heater doesn't always mean that it's leaking. It might simply be condensation. However, if you see active dripping, spraying or notice that water is flooding from the heater, call your HVAC repair service technician right away. If your property has suffered water damage in Newport Coast from an appliance leak, call West Coast Restoration Inc right away. Our crew will arrive in minutes to assess the damage that can be seen, as well as test for moisture lurking behind your walls and under floorboards. Sometimes, washing machines in Newport Coast leak and water damage ensues. Whether the damage is contained on one level or the leak originated from the second story of a building, seeped into the flooring and down to the first level, West Coast Restoration Inc can help. We can even work with your insurance company so you won't have to. Call (714) 584-4894 if you are experiencing water damage due to an appliance leak in Newport Coast now.
Newport Coast Water Loss Experts
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Retail sales measure the total receipts at stores that sell durable and nondurable goods. The data are compiled from about 27,000 retail businesses and are reported in both nominal and volume terms. Autos are excluded. A very limited breakdown of subsector performance is available in the initial report which is itself subject to sometimes sizeable revision but much greater detail is provided in the following month's release.
With consumer spending a large part of the economy, market players continually monitor spending patterns. Retail sales are a measure of consumer well-being. Both the Federal Statistical Office and the Bundesbank publish retail trade data. Until recently, there were vast differences between them, primarily because they each used a different seasonal adjustment program. This difference ended when the Statistical Office began using the U.S. Census Arima X12 methodology as well as their Berlin method. Another difference is that the Federal Statistical Office data are generally for total retail sales while the Bundesbank data features sales excluding autos and petrol stations or excluding only autos. The data here are for total retail sales.
The pattern in consumer spending is often the foremost influence on stock and bond markets. For stocks, strong economic growth translates to healthy corporate profits and higher stock prices. For bonds, the focus is whether economic growth goes overboard and leads to inflation. Ideally, the economy walks that fine line between strong growth and excessive (inflationary) growth.
Retail sales not only give you a sense of the big picture, but also the trends among different types of retailers. Perhaps auto sales are especially strong or apparel sales are showing exceptional weakness. These trends from the retail sales data can help you spot specific investment opportunities, without having to wait for a company's quarterly or annual report.
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Coastal Cottages is your gateway to over 500 self-catering holiday cottages in Wales. Our beautiful holiday cottages are situated in Pembrokeshire, a location renowned for scenic views, stunning coastlines and plenty of things to see and do. From romantic Wales cottage breaks for two with a hot tub to dog-friendly cottage holidays, we've made it easier than ever to find the perfect escape. Plan your dream holiday in Wales and make your stay extra special when you stay the coastal way!
Escape and explore the spectacular Pembrokeshire scenery when you book one of our Wales cottage holidays today. We're on hand to help you plan your next adventure, with recommendations for things to see and do in Pembrokeshire to our favourite spots for local food and delicacies. We want to make sure all of our guests have the full coastal experience, with plenty of added extras to make your cottage holiday in Wales unforgettable! Relax with a private yoga class, plan an extra special day out or indulge in one of our fantastic hampers where you can enjoy everything from Welsh whiskey to delicious local meats and cheese.
With beautiful holiday cottages in popular destinations such as Newport, Saundersfoot, Solva, Aberporth, you can easily book your perfect holiday in Wales with Coastal Cottages today. Want to find out more? Contact a member of the Coastal Cottages team on 01437 765 765.


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This is a project for fans, run by fans. We do not claim to know Mr. Jaroussky in person, and we cannot promise he will be looking at this page, even less, regularly.
This site is of course completely non-profit.
Have you come to the right place?
If you feel yourself opposed to any of the following, frankly, you won't have fun here:
- This is a fan forum. You should generally appreciate what PJ does.
- Music makes life worthwile.
- We like to discuss a variety of things, and this includes adult themes. This is not necessarily limited to topics with sexual content. We think that among adults no subject should be excluded on principle.
- If there was only one opinion, where would be the point in any discussion? We are interested in personal views.
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Warm temperatures and low relative humidity were recorded Tuesday across interior areas of Southern California, heightening brush fire concerns, the National Weather Service said.
In Lancaster, the temperature was 102 degrees with relative humidity dropping to 9%. In the San Gabriel Mountains, Chilao reached a high of 90 degrees with relative humidity at 15%.
Palm Springs topped out at 114 degrees, with relative humidity dropping to 6%, according to the Weather Service. In the San Bernardino National Forest, Big Pines recorded a high of 85 degrees and relative humidity of 15%.
In Santa Barbara County, "sundowner" winds with gusts up to 30 mph are expected Wednesday night and Thursday across the southern coastal and foothill areas. The sundowners have been the cause of numerous devastating fires along the region's mountainous east-west coastline, bringing heavy Santa Ana-like winds around sunset. L.A. NOW


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USA, 30 November 2010: An AIDS-free generation is achievable by focusing on the most disadvantaged communities affected by HIV, says a new UN report marking World AIDS Day
NEW YORK, 30 November 2010 - Achieving an AIDS-free generation is possible if the international community steps up efforts to provide universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, and social protection, according to "Children and AIDS: Fifth Stocktaking Report 2010," which was released today in New York. Attaining this goal, however, depends on reaching the most marginalized members of society.
While children in general have benefited enormously from the substantial progress made in the AIDS responses, there are millions of women and children who have fallen through the cracks due to inequities rooted in gender, economic status, geographical location, education level and social status. Lifting these barriers is crucial to universal access to knowledge, care, protection, and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) for all women and children.
"To achieve an AIDS-free generation we need to do more to reach the hardest hit communities. Every day, nearly 1000 babies in sub-Sarahan Africa are infected with HIV through mother to child transmission," said Anthony Lake, UNICEF's Executive Director. "Our Fifth Stocktaking Report on Children and AIDS highlights innovations like the Mother Baby Pack that can bring life-saving ARV treatment to more mothers and their babies than ever before," said Lake.
The World Health Organization (WHO) revised its guidelines earlier this year, to ensure quality PMTCT services for HIV-positive pregnant women and their infants. In low- and middle-income countries, 53 per cent of pregnant women living with HIV received antiretrovirals (ARVs) to prevent mother-to-child transmission in 2009, compared to 45 per cent in 2008. One of the most significant increases occurred in Eastern and Southern Africa, where the proportion jumped ten percentage points, from 58 in 2008 to 68 per cent in 2009.
"We have strong evidence that elimination of mother-to-child transmission is achievable," said Dr Margaret Chan, WHO's Director-General. "Achieving the goal will require much better prevention among women and mothers in the first place."
AIDS is still one of the leading causes of death among women of reproductive age globally and a major cause of maternal mortality in countries with generalized epidemics. In sub-Saharan Africa, 9 per cent of maternal mortality is attributable to HIV and AIDS.
"Around 370,000 children are born with HIV each year. Each one of these infections is preventable," said Michel Sidibé, Executive Director, UNAIDS. "We have to stop mothers from dying and babies from becoming infected with HIV. That is why I have called for the virtual elimination of mother to child transmission by 2015."
WHO also issued new ARV guidelines for treating infants and children, paving the way for many more children with HIV to be eligible for immediate antiretroviral treatment (ART).
Infants are particularly vulnerable to the effects of HIV, which has lent an urgency to the global campaign for early infant diagnosis. While the availability of early infant diagnosis services has increased dramatically in many countries, global coverage still remains low, at only 6 per cent in 2009. Without treatment, about half of the infants infected with HIV die before their second birthday.
In most parts of the world, new HIV infections are steadily falling or stabilizing. In 2001, an estimated 5.7 million young people aged 15–24 were living with HIV. At the end of 2009, that number fell to 5 million. However, in nine countries – all of them in southern Africa – at least 1 in 20 young people is living with HIV.
Young women still shoulder the greater burden of infection, and in many countries women face their greatest risk of infection before age 25. Worldwide, more than 60 per cent of all young people living with HIV are female. In sub-Saharan Africa, that figure is nearly 70 per cent.
"We need to address gender inequalities, including those that place women and girls at disproportionate risk to HIV and other adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes" said Irina Bokova, Director General of UNESCO. "While we are encouraged by a decline in HIV incidence among young people of more than 25 per cent in 15 key countries in sub-Saharan Africa between 2001 and 2009, we must do everything possible to sustain and increase such positive trends in order to achieve Universal Access to prevention, treatment, care and support."
"We must increase investments in young people's education and health, including sexual and reproductive health, to prevent HIV infections and advance social protection," said Thoraya Ahmed Obaid, Executive Director of UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund. "Reaching marginalized young people, including vulnerable adolescent girls and those who are not in school, must remain a priority".
* * * * * *
Attention broadcasters:
Background on Unite for Children, Unite against AIDS:
About UNAIDS:
About WHO:
About UNESCO:
About UNICEF:
For further information, please contact
Roshan Khadivi, UNICEF New York; + 1 212 326 7270, email@example.com
Genine Babakian, UNICEF New York; + 1 212 326 7553, firstname.lastname@example.com
World AIDS Day: Stocktaking report 2010
Full report [PDF]
Key facts [PDF]
The report is dedicated to the memory of Thembi Ngubane, a leading South African advocate for prevention of child HIV/AIDS, who died from complications relating to the disease in 2009.
"Towards Universal Access" on HIV/AIDS (2010)


text: India, A Sleeping Giant February 27, 2013 03:05 PM Tweet Street crowded with people, cycle rickshaws and porters with handcarts, which carry a wide assortment of goods. TAGS: Marketing, Overseas December 18, 2014 By Jeanne Bernick Top Producer Editor Email Is food India's best kept secret? India might be the world's third-largest food producer, but the combined sales of its ten largest food companies is only $2 billion; a paltry sum. In a country of one billion people, is the potential of the food market overstated or a sleeping giant? 6.7% The rate India's economy is projected to grow in 2013/14. India's population is expected to surpass China's in the next 15 years. The truth is somewhere in between. Development of markets for the products that food companies typically concentrate on—higher value items such as breakfast cereals and sauces—are aimed at an elite. Growth for food in India will come from mass market products—wheat flour, poultry, milk—as the country's lower class moves to middle class and its overall population grows. Within 15 years, India's population is expected to surpass China's, which will peak at 1.4 billion, estimates the U.S. Census Bureau. "I don't see any 'burgeoning' demand; however, the population of India is enormous," says Ashley Gulke Leavitt, an analyst with the Gulke Group in Chicago. What if India becomes more secular and starts eating more beef? Of the 1,241,491,960 people that comprise India's population, just .05% is 620,745 people. Average consumption per capita in the U.S. is 65 lb. If 0.05% of Indians eat 20 lb. per year, that's 12,414,919.6 lb. of beef. That's a lot of protein that needs to be produced. "This is just an example of how big India is, and how little, tiny changes can bring about big numbers," Gulke Leavitt adds. The Indian economy will grow at a higher rate of 6.7% in 2013/14 compared to the estimated growth of 5.5% for the current financial year (2012/13), due to a revival in consumption based on lower interest rates, notes Roopa Kudva, Managing director and CEO of Crisil, an Indian ratings agency. "The economy of India is the tenth-largest in the world." India's recent performance in agriculture shows growth during the past five years of 3.3% per year. Investment is up and there have been bumper harvests. A normal monsoon (timely and needed rains) will boost agricultural GDP to an above-trend rate of 3.5% in 2013/14, albeit on a lower base from 2012/13, according to Kudva. Rising incomes, which will enable poor people to begin to emulate the diet of the rich, and greater eating experimentation resulting from increased choice are two factors driving the change in food consumption patterns. Although most people will remain faithful to cultural notions, diets are evolving as a new generation grows up with a higher income. But supply growth of key commodities (particularly in the high-value segment) lags behind demand growth. Many value chains do not work well and large numbers of farmers are needlessly poor. In many instances production patterns are not sustainable from an environmental standpoint. Efficiency in India is almost universally low, notes Marco Ferroni, executive director of the Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture. Yields per unit of land and labor are poor, and water and nutrient use efficiency are low. This must change. "Efficiency is a key part of sustainability," Ferroni explains. Boosting agricultural production in India must stem from increasing yields on existing acres, as farmers deal with encroaching cities and highways. Better Farming? Government programs drive new technological and sustainable advances in agricultural production with the hopes of attaining a 4% annual growth rate in agriculture. The Indian government intends to double horticultural crop production throughout the next five years. Still, demand for many farm commodities will quickly outpace supply, says Surabhi Mittal, a senior fellow at the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations. In 10 years' time, India's edible oils deficit will be 17.7 million tons, or double its 2009 imports, and its sugar shortfall will be nearly 40 million, or five times the deficit that triggered last year's global rally, Mittal estimates. Although India's planned expenditure on water resources rose to $50 billion in the past five years, two and a half times the allocated $20.5 billion in the previous five years, irrigation continues to present challenges. Economy of Scale. With virtually no scope to expand the acres under cultivation, some of which are threatened by encroaching highways and urban expansion, India can increase output only by boosting its yields, which are half to a third of Western levels, Mittal says. Increasing yields proves difficult as small farmers, who own 80% of the land, do not use modern practices, while output by big farmers in grain-bowl states such as Punjab is saturated. Nonetheless, India's economy has grown by 7% per year during the past decade. This gives food manufacturers a huge opportunity to reverse the tide (see pie chart). History demonstrates that as incomes rise, the demand for consumer goods skyrockets. Many of India's consumption sectors, including food and beverage, have reached this inflection point. Back to news


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Wrecking crews punched a garage-door-sized hole in the north wall of the ballpark today, and at mid-afternoon a bulldozer and hard-hatted workers were visible inside the wall, pulling away railings and other parts of the structure, while a Dumpster and other equipment was parked nearby.You said it, brother.
Outside a security fence erected over the past several days, Rich Curbelo, a freelance radio journalist from Bloomfield Hills, said he was there as a fan first.
"This is my friend," he said, gesturing toward the stadium. "My friend is leaving me. A punch in the wall is like a punch in the heart."
This had to happen, but it doesn't make me any less sad that it is.
Barkeep? Mike mine a double.
(thanks to Mike at The Daily Fungo for the link)