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1969 Topps Baseball Card # 191 Lindy McDaniel – New York Yankees1969 Topps Baseball is best known for Mr. October's rookie card. While the Reggie Jackson card is the clear favorite, the vintage set is also notable for Rollie Fingers' rookie and the final active issue for Mickey Mantle.Upon release, the 664-card 1969 Topps Baseball checklist was the largest in the history of the sport. Although the sheer quantity is enough to make it stand out, '69 Topps' strong popularity is due to the many Hall of Fame names in the checklist, including Nolan Ryan's first single-player Topps card.Very similar in overall design to the set from the previous year, 1969 Topps Baseball replaces the speckled border area with a traditional white. The design is not amazing, but features a much better look than 1968. The rounded border remains from the previous year. The team nickname is noted in block letters at the bottom of the card and a colored circle at the top of the card includes the player's name and position.As had been done previously, specific color combos were each used for a pair of teams. For example, the base cards for the Montreal Expos and Kansas City Royals, two of the newest MLB expansion teams, feature black print on a pink background. The other two new teams, the San Diego Padres and Seattle Pilots, showcase yellow print on a brown background.1969 Topps Baseball backs return to the horizontal layout and feature a peach/pinkish background. Most cards also contain a short paragraph and cartoon. Again documenting season-by-season stats for each player, the more limited card length due to the layout means that some cards have a very tight fit. In instances of seasoned players, like Mantle above, the cartoon is removed.Largely similar through much of the era, 1969 Topps Baseball features several subsets. Starting things off, League Leaders (#1-12) note the top performers from the previous season. World Series Highlights (#162-169) cover the title matchup between the Detroit Tigers and St. Louis Cardinals. The Sporting News All-Stars (#416-435) are also found in '69 Topps and backs combine to form two photos, including Pete Rose and Carl Yastrzemski. While checklists are also available, collectors won't find team cards in the final flagship release of the 1960s.Again, the majority of RCs are found on the Rookie Stars combos that generally feature two or three first-year players from specific teams. In addition to the key rookie cards for Reggie Jackson and Rollie Fingers, 1969 Topps Baseball is also the place to find rookie cards for Craig Nettles (#99), Bobby Cox (#237) and Bobby Bonds (#630).Multiple variations bring the 1969 Topps Baseball master set count to just under 700 total cards, making the large set even more of a challenge to complete. Mostly related to the letter color for the player's name, the variation cards carry a premium. White-letter variations for Willie McCovey, Gaylord Perry and Mickey Mantle are among the most notable.Originally distributed in wax packs, rack packs and cellos, a bonus blue cello pack with ten cards was also produced for the 1969 Topps Baseball set. The set was again released in a total of seven series, but the high-number cards were issued even later in the year. As a result, these cards are much more scarce and expensive.While the huge checklist is more that enough for most collectors, 1969 Topps Baseball also included two popular inserts in the form of Decals and Deckle Edge. Topps Decals measure 1-3/4″ x 2-1/8″ and are not easy to find in high grade because of the intended usage as stickers. Deckle Edge inserts are just slightly smaller that traditional cards and showcase a black-and-white photo. The real noticeable attribute is the die-cut edge, which makes the cards very difficult to find in mint condition. The cards also feature a blue facsimile signature.Common condition issues for the set are primarily centering. However, many cards also suffer from blemishes and ink dots that occurred during the printing process. Lou Brock and Tom Seaver appear to be some of the toughest to find in high-grade.In addition to being released in the United States, 1969 Topps Baseball was marketed in Canada under the O-Pee-Chee brand name. The set is almost identical to the American issue except for a few differences. The most obvious thing to note is that 1969 O-Pee-Chee Baseball card backs feature "PTD. IN CANADA" instead of the "PRINTED IN U.S.A." found on the American version of the cards. Another difference is that the Canadian version does not include Topps logo that can be found surrounding the card number on the backs of the US cards. The OPC set only features the first 218 cards from the main set.We believe that all our listings are 100% Original and Authentic unless otherwise noted. They are all covered by a 30 Day Money Back Guarantee, if for whatever reason you are not happy with your purchase we will exchange it, replace it, discount it or you can return it for a full refund. Standard/Combined Shipping is $2.95 for the first card and $0.25 for each additional card. Please see all of our other ads & visit our store for some great deals on both New & Vintage cards, comics and more. Get your copy of the DC Rebirth or the All New, All Different Marvel Series before they are gone! Setup a Weekly Pull/Subscription and get an additional 10% Discount and start earning loyalty points, one for every dollar you spend. Pre-Order and receive even more discounts based on lead time. Reduced/Dis-Counted shipping available. Join/Follow Us, you never know what we will list next We are: The Toy Collector 4 U 2 C
1969 Topps Baseball Card # 191 Lindy McDaniel – New York Yankees
Category: 1969 Topps


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Welcome to the Orange County Center for Cosmetic Dentistry and the TMJ Institute of Newport Beach.We are a contemporary dental spa providing the most innovative, up to date dental care in a stunning coastal location. Our renowned cosmetic-reconstructive dentist, Dr. James Correa, D.D.S., serves dental patients both internationally and locally in the Newport Beach and Orange County area. We invite you to enjoy our relaxing atmosphere as we tailor our aesthetic dentistry expertise to suit your personal, special needs. Read more about Orange County cosmetic dentist James Correa.
For more information about Newport Beach cosmetic dentist, Dr. James Correa, please contact the Center for Cosmetic Dentistry today at our office in Orange County. Our cosmetic dentistry staff is always available to answer your questions or schedule a consultation.
We offer a full range of convenient, comfortable procedures designed to give cosmetic dentistry patients in Orange County the confidence, charm, and magnetism that come along with a gorgeous, new smile...
The painful, inconvenient symptoms of TMJ disorders can be a thing of the past for patients in Orange County with one of our many effective, proven treatment options. These are some symptoms of TMJ:
Dental implants, used to replace missing teeth, are a versatile and effective way to improve your oral health and appearance. They allow you to chew, speak, and smile with confidence and control. Durable and natural-looking, dental implants can help you achieve a beautiful smile that lasts.

subset: commoncrawl


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In the past year, the 37-year-old footballer has appeared in ads for Sainsbury's, Adidas, Diet Coke and H&M, he's played Olympics ambassador to Samsung and scored a place on the front of Elle as the magazine's first solo male cover.
Now that his five-year tenure at US soccer club LA Galaxy is coming to a close, Beckham has said he won't leave professional football just yet, but he hasn't revealed where he is going either. Will the move signal and end to "brand Beckham" and his world-class sponsorship status, or boost it? We speak to three industry experts to find out.
Jamie Wynne-Morgan, managing director, M&C Saatchi Sport and Entertainment
Beckham is saying that he wants one more challenge. He's 37, he's fit, and he does not want to retire. The speculation of where he will go has thrown up Paris San German and clubs in Russia, China, Australia and Brazil.
Beckham has held a legend status for a long time. He supersedes his sport. The reason major league soccer invested in him is because of what he would do for the league. He has created a brand for himself beyond football and indeed, what he does on the pitch is practically irrelevant.
People buy him for his look and image. Whichever league or country gets him will benefit them, for example, there will be people that weren't even aware of who LA Galaxy were before he joined. Beckham still sells a lot of shirts so there is an instant commercial return, but the much bigger picture his next league as they will get instant global awareness overnight.
Nigel Currie, director, BrandRapport
It is not just about "brand Beckham", it is about where he goes. He's still a good footballer but wherever Beckham goes will probably be to a club that has big growth ambitions and sees the Beckham brand as a way of doing achieving it.
Whatever Beckham does, he attracts huge levels of media coverage, so the benefits he has to offer now are stacked far more heavily in favour of the marketing side, rather than the footballing side. Beckham is a good player, but he's not the best.
However, from a marketing point of view he's bigger than anyone else in the game. The interest Beckham and his wife brings from the media spans sport, fashion, music and magazines, while other footballers are a little one-dimensional in terms of the type of media they attract.
In terms of where Beckham will go, he'll be establishing himself in a new area or sector where he hasn't had much presence in the past. From his point of view, he's done Europe and America, and there is speculation now that the Far East would give him the opportunity to be central in a territory where he hasn't had a particularly strong presence in the past.
Rupert Pratt, managing director, Generate
The big question is what Beckham will do next. Will he keep playing or focus on "brand Beckham"? He has clearly proved his off-pitch brand can survive without the on-pitch performance.
From a sponsorship perspective, if he stayed in the US he would be able to focus on the mainstream entertainment and celebrity revenue streams, such as new commercial deals and licensing agreements, rather than traditional sports sponsorships and endorsements.
Beckham has already started to move away from traditional sports deals as it is: his transfer to LA Galaxy saw him taking shares in the club as part of the deal, tying him in commercially as opposed to a standard player contract.
In 2007, this was a radical departure from a transfer model, to be remunerated by the success of his club, and I personally see him moving away from focusing on sport and becoming more mainstream, owning his own properties and commercial enterprises.


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Bounce Houses and Inflatable Rentals
Bo-Bo's Bouncy Town is the premier inflatable bounce house provider for the Omaha, NE metro area. Whether you call them inflatables, bounce houses, moonwalks, inflatable jumpers, or just bouncers, the selection that Bo-Bo's Bouncy Town has to offer will put the BoUnCe into your next party!!!
A Variety of Fun
Bo-Bo's has a wide variety of inflatables, from standard square bounce house, to Combo units featurings slides and more, to water slides and obstacle courses!!! Check out our exciting selection by clicking on our INFLATABLES PAGE.
Inflatable bounce houses are extremely convenient ways to add excitement and fun to any event, either as a subtle addition or a featured attraction!! Our bounce houses have been incorporated into group events and community festivals as well as being the feature attraction of parties, family reunions, PTO events, corporate picnics, and fund raisers. Bo-Bo's Bouncy Town gives back to schools and PTO's which we provide bounce houses for. Call for details.
Bo-Bo's Bouncy Town bounce houses will add all the extra flair your event is looking for! It's easy, pick up your bounce house from our location or let us deliver the bounce house directly to your event. Set up of our inflatables is very quick and simple, in most cases only taking about 15 minutes!!


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1) There are k types of doughnuts on sale, and at least r of each type are available. You ask for r doughnuts, but you don't specify how many of each type you want. In how many different ways can the baker fill your order? (Two ways are different if they differ in the number of doughnuts of some type.)
Why wouldn't the answer be $k+r \choose r$ instead of $k+r-1 \choose r$? If there are 3 types of donuts, and 4 of each type (12 total), doesn't the baker have $12 \choose 3$ options?
2) How many solutions in non-negative integers are there to the equation $x_1+…+x_k=r$?
I'm not sure how to think about this one. I know the solution can be written in the $k+r-1 \choose r$ form, but why? More specifically, how can this problem be seen as a "stars and bars" problem?


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Gluten-free Vanilla Rose Cream Puff and Eclair recipe
When I heard this month that the theme for the Gluten-free Ratio Rally was Pate a Choux I was happy, but I'd already made versatile mocha and peanut butter eclairs a few years before, so I thought it wouldn't be a new project, exactly. Little did I know how amazingly versatile pate a choux really is! You can make sweet cream puffs, savory gougeres (french cheese puff balls), and even CHURROS with this dough. Churros? Wow. I thought I would never have churros in my life, to be honest. Well, sorry to disappoint, but I didn't make them this time, either. I wasn't feeling up to the deep frying with a toddler underfoot. But I did think that cream puffs would be a lovely treat, after so many years pining after the popular shu-cream at Beard Papa in Japan. One little cream puff stand in the basement food court could make an entire department stores filled with the aroma of sweet, eggy vanilla and cream, and even though I rarely am envious of gluten-foods, these treats were one thing that made me sigh a little to myself. But no more! For this challenge, I came up with a sweet Vanilla Rose Cream puff filling and even an accompanying rose custard. I was initially intending to fill the cream puffs with the custard, but I decided I wanted something more airy, so I went with the whipped cream variety. I am really intrigued by the idea of making dairy-free cream puffs and filling (coconut oil and coconut milk for the whip?) but didn't have time, so for now, I share these recipes with you for a classic eclair and a floral, spring-inspired cream puff. I hope you enjoy.
Baby Yum was quite intrigued by the rose pudding and stalked it until she couldn't stand it any more and just dove in for a snack. She also got into the melted chocolate later, but alas, I didn't get a photo of the amazing chocolate dipped baby. Here's evidence of the great custard capture:
This month's Ratio Rally is hosted by Erin of the Sensitive Epicure.
Wondering what this ratio thing is all about? Shauna the Gluten-free Girl started this rally to encourage gluten-free bakers to use scales to measure ingredients, with the argument that it helps take the guesswork out of baking and corrects for the problem of different baking (and measuring) styles. The cutie patootie scale I use is pictured on the right. I got it at Amazon, like most things in my kitchen. I don't know if I am ready to jump into using my scale for every recipe yet, but it is kind of fun spending quality time with my scale in the kitchen. Try it and see what you think!
For more amazing gluten-free recipes using pate a choux, see the recipes by
My fellow Ratio Rally Bakers*:
- Amanda of Gluten Free Maui | Earl Grey Cream Puffs
Amie of The Healthy Apple | Pate Choux with Creamy Macadamia Icing
Caleigh of Gluten Free[k] | Savoury Paris-Brest
- Caneel of Mama Me Gluten Free | Key Lime Cream Puffs
- Charissa of Zest Bakery | Choux Shine: Koshi-an Filled Cream Puffs
- Claire of Gluten Freedom | Chocolate Eclairs
- Gretchen of kumquat | Cheddar Gougères with Dates and Pine Nuts | A Danish Puff
- Jenn of Jenn Cuisine | Gruyère & Herbed Gougères
- Lisa of Gluten Free Canteen | Cracked Pepper & Cheese Gougères
- Mary Fran of Frannycakes | Marillenknodel with ginger and cardamom sugar & chai cream puffs
- Meaghan of The Wicked Good Vegan | Cardamom and Rose Water Cream Puffs (with Rad Whip!)
- Meg of Gluten-Free Boulangerie | Chouquettes
- Pete & Kelli of No Gluten, No Problem | Almond Choux Florentines
- Rachel of The Crispy Cook | Cream Puffs Filled with Coffee Cream
- Robyn of Chocswirl | Gruyere & Parmesan Gougeres with Sage & Thyme
- Sea of Book of Yum | Rose Vanilla Cream Puffs and Vanilla Eclairs
- Silvana of Silvana's Kitchen | Gluten-Free Spinach Gnocchi Parm
- T.R.of No One Likes Crumbley Cookies | Beignets
- Tara of A Baking Life | Parmesan & Black Pepper Gougères | Frangipane Puffs
*oops, initially the links were wrong for a few of these blogs on top. I fixed the ones I found- let me know if any are still broken links!
Gluten-free Pate a Choux Recipe
200g water or milk (I used milk)
120g shortening or butter (I used butter)
3g salt (I used salted butter so left out)
15g sugar for sweet pastry
60g sorghum flour
60g cornstarch or potato starch
60g tapioca starch
300g eggs (for my supposedly large eggs it took around 6 eggs and 1 extra egg white)
Pre-measure flours and other ingredients so they are ready and waiting.
Put your liquid, butter, salt and sugar in a pot on the stove on medium to medium high and bring to a full boil. Take the pot off the stove and dump in all your flour, stirring with a heavy-duty spoon. I like to use my wooden spoons for this. Mix completely and turn down the heat to low. Return the pan to the stove, stirring the heavy dough constantly until it forms a ball and leaves the sides of the pan. I put my dough in a standing mixer but if you are buff or want an arm workout, you can do the next step in the pan. Mix the dough on a low speed (or with your buff arm muscles) until the dough has cooled down to at least 140f (60c). Then you can add your eggs, one at a time, beating each one in on medium speed until it is completely mixed in, and then adding the next one. You can use your paste right away or cool it in the refrigerator overnight. I cooled it overnight.
To bake, preheat oven to 425f. Then line a baking sheet with parchment paper. You can use a dab of dough as glue to keep the sheet stuck to the pan, or not.
Put the paste in a sturdy freezer safe ziploc bag and cut a hole out of the corner. You can use pastry tips if you have them. I don't, so I just use the 1/2 inch hole in the bag as my "tip."
To make eclairs, pipe 4 inch logs onto the pan. To make cream puffs, pipe or spoon out golf-ball sized spheres onto the baking sheet.
Bake at 425 for 10 minutes and then, without opening the oven door, lower heat to 375 and bake for 10-20 minutes or until golden brown. Better to overbake than underbake! When the eclairs or cream puffs look really browned and sturdy, you can open the oven door and turn each one over, piercing the bottom with a toothpick. For my best results, I turned off my (gas) oven and let them sit in the oven and presumably come down in temperature before taking them out.
About half of my cream puffs looked pretty, and the rest cracked prior to taking them out. The non-cracked ones stayed inflated. The eclairs I took out too soon, so they deflated.
Vanilla Custard Recipe and chocolate sauce for eclairs
3 cups milk
1 vanilla bean cut in half horizontally, or teaspoon vanilla
4 egg yolks
1/3 cup sugar
1/4 cup cornstarch
1 tablespoons butter
Chocolate sauce for eclairs:
Prepare filling by combining milk and vanilla and heat on medium-low until just before it starts to boil. Take off burner and let sit for 15 minutes. Whisk together eggs, cornstarch, and sugar in a large bowl until you have a light yellow, creamy sauce. Add 1/4 cup of your warm milk, pouring in gradually and whisking as you pour. Then add the rest in a slow, continuous stream, whisking. Pour back in sauce pan and bring to a low simmer , whisking all the while. When it starts to thicken, take your pan off the burner, whisking like mad. As it cools, add your tablespoon of butter and let it melt into the sauce. When it is no longer too hot, cover with saran wrap or wax paper so it can't form a skin. Put in refrigerator as soon as it is not burning hot, or put the pan in an ice bath to cool it enough to place it on your refrigerator rack.
For the chocolate sauce, combine chocolate with butter in a microwavable dish and nuke at 30 second intervals, stirring after each time until it is a smooth, melted sauce. Don't overcook! If your chocolate is bitter, you can add sifted powdered sugar and whisk in to sweeten.
For assembling eclairs, pipe custard inside the eclair OR if your eclairs have deflated, slice them neatly in half horizontally and either pipe or use knife to fill. Dip in chocolate sauce and then let harden on a cooling rack. If it is a hot day you could do this in a tupperware in the refrigerator- I hate to have custard out at room temperature for long! Enjoy!
Rose Whipping Cream filling for Cream Puffs
at least 1 cup whipping cream (more depending on how many cream puffs you are making)
1 tbsp. powdered sugar
1/2-2 tsp. rose water (to taste- I bought mine at an Indian market)
*rose petals/ buds (*optional garnish found at Middle Eastern markets)
Powdered sugar
Put whipping cream and powdered sugar in a bowl and whip to stiff peaks. Gently fold in rose water. Start with a small amount and add more to taste.
To assemble your cream puffs, slice in half horizontally. Put a thin layer of your jam inside the cream puff and then fill with the rose water whipped cream. Sprinkle with powdered sugar. If desired, you can dip the underside of your rose petals in the whipped cream and gently attach them to the top of the cream puff for decoration.
I served mine with rose custard on the side, in case there wasn't enough rose-flavored goodness involved.
Vanilla Rose Pudding
6 egg yolks
1 tbsp cornstarch
50 g sugar
1 tbsp. edible dried rose petals or rose buds (from Middle Eastern market)
3 tbsp rose water (or more to taste)
500 ml drinking milk (whatever percent your family drinks)
100 ml heavy cream
1 vanilla pod, cut in half and then cut horizontally with seeds scraped
1/2 tsp vanilla (to taste)
Whisk the egg yolks, cornstarch, sugar and rose water together in a bowl until smooth. Put your milk and cream, split vanilla pod and rose petals or rosebuds in a saucepan on medium-low heat and take off heat before it reaches a boil. Let milk steep for fifteen minutes or so and then pour over your egg yolk mixture through a strainer, whisking together as you do so. Return the combined egg and milk mixture to your sauce pan and heat on low until it thickens. Remove from heat and let cool. Once no longer hot, put a layer of plastic on top of the custard so it does not form a skin and refrigerate. To serve, garnish with edible rose petals. Can be used as a cream puff filling, but I preferred rose water whipped cream for this.
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Kiugak Ashoona: Stories and Imaginings from Cape Dorset
Kiugak Ashoona has the longest artistic career of any living Cape Dorset artist, dating back to the late 1940s. In the 1950s his subjects and style were realistic, but this soon changed. He had grown up in a camp led by Kiakshuk, a powerful shaman, whose daughter he later married. Kiakshuk and other members of Kiugak's family were the source of much knowledge about shamanism and Inuit mythology, and by the late 1950s he was putting this awareness into his carvings.
Research for this exhibition is based largely on interviews conducted with the artist in Winnipeg, Cape Dorset, and Yellowknife. It also includes a study of 160 of his original drawings, created from 1989 to 1991. The drawings and interviews reveal that many of his subjects are actually from specific stories, such as Natturalik, the eagle who abducted a young woman. The works sometimes depict specific shamans who were powerful influences in camp life.
Six sculptures in the exhibition are from the WAG's permanent collection, and approximately 30 carvings will be borrowed from other public and private collections. A number of the artist's drawings are also included.
In a publication accompanying this exhibition, Kiugak Ashoona talks about his family history which includes the presence of many notable shamans, such as Alariaq, Aliguq, Namonai, and Kiakshuk. He relates fascinating tales of the shamans and great spirits and their interactions with the human world. Their stories, real or imagined, form the iconography of his artwork.
Exhibition supported by the Dorothy Strelsin Foundation and Samuel and Esther Sarick.
Related Programs & Events
Past Programs & Events
members' event- Kiugak Ashoona
Thursday, August 19, 2010 from 12pm to 6pm
public opening: Kiugak Ashoona
Thursday, August 19, 2010 from 7pm to 10pm
Curator's Tour
Wednesday, September 8, 2010 from 12:10pm to 1pm
Gallery Hours
- Tuesday 11am-5pm
- Wednesday 11am-5pm
- Thursday 11am-5pm
- Friday 11am-9pm
- Saturday 11am-5pm
- Sunday 11am-5pm
- Closed Monday


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Modeling and Analysis of VLSI Interconnects
Additional materials available (4)
Licensed under General Performance Usage.
Published on
With continual technology scaling, the accurate and efficient modeling and simulation of interconnect effects have become problems of central importance. In order to accurately model the distributive effects of interconnects, it is necessary to divide a long wire into several segments, with each regarded as a lumped RLC element. In this tutorial, two fundamental problems in the modeling and analysis of VLSI interconnects will be covered: (i) capacitance extraction and (ii) simulation of interconnects with inductive coupling.
For capacitance extraction, one approach is to use a boundary element technique for solving the integral form of Laplace equations. Such an approach usually involves an iterative solver whose most expensive operation is matrix-vector multiply. The tutorial will include a fast multi-pole method that relies on a hierarchical data structure to perform matrix-vector multiply in linear time complexity.
The second part of the tutorial will introduce a fast simulation technique for inductively coupled interconnects based on the notion of wire-duplication. The technique exploits the sparsity resident in the inverse of a inductance matrix to construct a small-sized equivalent RLC circuit. The wire-duplication technique improves simulation efficiency significantly while preserving simulation accuracy.
Sponsored by
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:
EE Building, Room 317


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Love it or hate it, thatgamecompany's enthralling Journey is an undeniable success. That's a claim backed by facts, with news that the title has become the fastest selling PlayStation Network title of all time. Yes, it's doing better than even Blade Kitten!
thatgamecompany's Jenova Chen has also announced that the soundtrack will be available on PSN and iTunes from April 10, and a limited CD run will also be printed.
It always cheers the heart to see a game like Journey enjoy such success. Even if you disliked the game, you ought to be pleased to see something so unique performing so well, shaming those in the industry who think you have to be like everybody else in order to make some money. Luckily, I loved the game to boot, so I'm double pleased.
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text: Landing on the foodie spectrum somewhere between snack scientist and edible artist, I like recipes (and the subsequent clean up!) to be easy while using high-quality ingredients that deliver bold flavors and satisfying textures. Join me on my culinary adventures as I strive to conquer the kitchen! Meet Harvey >>


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R&P: is there anyone here that you regard as an older/younger sibling?
well, in my contacts. i have alot of sisters cuz we love eac other like real sisters should, and we help each other throught tough times and cheer together at our happy times. BTW i do have real bi...
Read More »
Can a sibling be held liable for another sibling's debts if the deceased sibling was not married had no children and left no assets or any estate?
No, a sibling will not be responsible for the debts. The estate is responsible for the debts. If the estate has no assets, the creditors will not get paid. If there are not enough assets to pay ...
Read More »
What are the other sibling rights to mother's property if one sibling has power of attorney and the other sibling never left home and is over forty years of age?
Power of Attorney is to give the sibling mentioned and acknowledged by the mother to perform their affairs when the mother cannot such as paying bills; investing money, etc., and no one else can ta...
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How can you tell if the negative relationship between two siblings 9 years apart is the result of sibling rivalry or of the older sibling sexually physically and verbally abusing the younger sibling?
AnswerThere is no surefire way an outsider can tell what has occured between the siblings, outside of asking both of them what the problem is.Even if there has been abuse, both victim and perpatrat...
Read More »
Is older adult sibling in his or her twenties morally obligated to raise the younger minor sibling if both parents die and no one else is there to take care of minor sibling?
YES! If the adult sibling doesn't, the person can be seen as heartless by others, and they should be mentally evaluated -- they may have a mental disorder.


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Developmental Red Flags
The following information was provided by the Early Intervention program Netcare Early Childhood Program, 1662 Ocean Avenue Brooklyn NY 11229
6 Months
Not inspecting own hands. Not banging objects together. Not playing with rattles. Not able to find partially hidden objects. Not searching for sounds with eyes. Not looking from one object to another. Not responding to people voice's - smiling, interacting.
Not responsive to any sounds. Doesn't turn head to source of sound/search for speaker. Does not make a variety of sounds using lips and mouth. Lacks verbal/non-verbal expressions of needs (differentiated cries, laughing, smiling)
Failure to put on weight. Indifference to feeding. Persistent sleep disturbances. Hyper-sensitivity to sights and sounds. Tic-like movements in face and hands. Rumination (chewing swallowed by regurgitated foods)
Unusual stiffness or floppiness/weakness. Not holding head up without bobbing. Unable to reach for and grasp or shake rattles or toys. Not bringing hands together. Not banging objects together. Not moving toys from one hand to another.
Fussiness whenever being held or cuddled (not molding to your body). Crying or fussing when help up in the air or during swinging. Fussing during bath time, when lotion is applied or when diaper is changed. Not maintaining eye contact with caregiver or responding to sounds. Continued unexplained crying without self calming (sucking fingers or rocking).
1 Year
Not being able to play 2-3 minutes with a single toy. Not sliding a toy on a surface. Not imitating new gestures. Not engaging in simple relational play (combining two different but related objects). Not overcoming obstacles to obtain objects. Not touching a toy or adult's hand to restart an activity. Not taking objects out of a container. Not rotating objects to find a functional side (bottle). Not throwing objects to watch the effects when they land. Displeasure with looking at pictures in book (with adult encouragement)
Does not respond to gestures. Does not recognize his/her name. Does not recognize names of common objects (cup, ball). Does not babbles. Does not imitate sounds.
Persistent self-injurious behaviors. Lack of any discernible pattern in sleeping and eating. Failure to imitate sounds and gestures. Generalized apathy. Persistent lack of appropriate emotional response to surprises, fearful situations or pleasurable stimuli.
Staying in one position and avoiding any transitions. Not sitting unsupported or moving around. Not pulling themselves to stand and stepping with support. Not holding small objects (cheerios, blocks). Not finger feeding. Favoring one hand and avoiding bilateral hand use.
2 Years
Putting less than three or more objects into a container. Inability to sort objects. Not handing a toy back to an adult when the action of the toy stops. Not moving around obstacles to get a desired object. Not looking to find an object when it rolls/is moved out of sight.
Only saying two or three words. Having no spontaneous speech. Still relying completely on gestures to express needs. Isn't able to recognize body parts. Does not understand directions. Does not understand "no". Words are unintelligible.
Withdrawn behavior. Excessive rocking. Persistent lack of distress when separated from parents. Frequent irritability that does not respond to calming efforts. Night wandering.
Walking only with support. Not holding crayons. Not pulling toys that have wheels. Not climbing up or down one stair. Not turning pages in a book. Unable to nod their head to signal "yes".
Avoidance of finger feeding and with drawl from new textures. "Stuck" immature play (only mouthing and banging toys). Uncomfortable with specific clothing. Poor exploration of toys (touch, vision, hearing).
3 Years
Does not demonstrate use of objects (shoe, telephone, brush). Unable to identify objects with their use (crayon, spoon, cup, shoe). Unable to identify body parts and their function. Does not use "size" words (big, little). Does not match/sort shapes. Does not match identical simple pictures of objects. Does not point to 5-7 pictures of familiar objects/people.
Not using phrases and sentences (nouns, verbs, tenses, possessives, adjectives, prepositions). Not able to follow two step directions. Not able to be understood by strangers
Persistent fearfulness. Failure to make efforts to talk. Inability to play in any focused manner for ten minutes at a time. Intense and ongoing sibling conflict. Hyperactivity. Persistent and excessive aggressiveness. Slow recovery from angry outbursts. Severe and prolonged reaction to separation from parents.
Not walking up stairs holding a railing. Not able to stand on one foot for one moment. Not attempting to kick a large ball. Inability to open doors. Not beginning to snip with scissors. Not stacking objects by size.
Excessive need for intense movement (jumping, rocking, swinging). Avoidance of movement altogether. Avoidance of outdoor play equipment (chose to remain grounded). Easily upset if routines or plans are changed. Inability to remain focused on a task with any amount of environmental visual or auditory activity.


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Only hotels in Applegate are listed below. Search for cheap and discounted hotel and motel rates in or near Applegate, CA for your business or personal leisure travel. We list the best Applegate California hotel rooms. Review the Applegate hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Applegate hotels. Group booking? Search Applegate Group Hotel Deals
The Applegate center point is approximately 6 miles northeast of Auburn Municipal Airport and 6 miles south of Colfax Amtrak Station.
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- Photography by Mr Matt Irwin
- Styling by Mr Tony Cook, Junior Fashion Editor, MR PORTER
- Words by Mr Chris Elvidge, Senior Copywriter, MR PORTER
Every man dreams of playing 007, right?" At the photographer's request, Mr Dominic Cooper fixes the camera with an expression of effortless suave: equal parts Sir Sean Connery and Sir Roger Moore, with a little "blue steel" thrown in for good measure. The man who would be Bond appears to have nailed the look, at least.
With Mr Daniel Craig set to return for at least one more instalment of the august spy franchise, it looks as if the 35-year-old star of The History Boys and Mamma Mia! will have to wait a while for the opportunity - but it's unlikely that he'll be too concerned. With a starring role in Fleming: The Man Who Would be Bond, a new four-part series based on the life of the James Bond creator, he may just have landed the next best thing.
"The story of Fleming has been told before, but never quite like this," says Mr Cooper, back in casual clothes after the shoot. "It's creative, it's exhilarating... it's a reflection, I think, of the kind of person that he wanted to be seen as." So James Bond, in other words? Mr Fleming was an intelligence officer with The Admiralty in London before he was an author, after all, and it's often been said that many of the fictional spy's characteristics, from his love of gambling and cigars to his famously rampant libido, were inspired by the author's own. "Well, Bond was his fantasy, wasn't it?" Mr Cooper admits. "He was his Tyler Durden, the amped-up version of him, and the show certainly acknowledges that. So while the series is rooted in Fleming's life story, creatively, at least, it pays homage to Bond." So it's liberal with the truth, then? "Well, we never set out to tell the absolute truth," he replies, a wry smile spreading across his lips. "I look nothing like him, for a start."
It's creative, it's exhilarating... it's a reflection, I think, of the kind of person that Fleming wanted to be seen as
That's certainly true, but it's not like Mr Cooper to let something as trivial as physical appearance get in the way of a good role. Indeed, after his breakout role in The History Boys it's tempting to think that the born-and-bred Londoner could have fallen back on his looks and spent the following years in a series of generic "romantic interest" roles. And while he's clearly not entirely averse to playing those parts - he seemed to spend the entire running time of Mamma Mia! with his shirt off - the broad CV that he has built up over the years reflects a desire to take anything but the path of least resistance.
From left: Messrs Cooper, Sacha Dhawan, James Corden, Andrew Knott and Samuel Anderson in the 2006 British comedy-drama
Ms Keira Knightley, Mr Cooper and Mr Aidan McArdle in the 2008 drama set in 18th-century aristocratic Britain
Ms Amanda Seyfried and Mr Cooper in the 2008 British musical romcom
Ms Rosamund Pike and Mr Cooper in the 2009 coming-of-age drama
Mr Cooper in the 2011 biopic about a week in which Ms Marilyn Monroe spent time being escorted around London
"I loved The Devil's Double," he says, while discussing a few of his more adventurous roles. In the film, he played both the eldest son of Saddam Hussein, Uday, and his body double. "When you're playing a real-life character, people often have a very specific idea of that person, and there will always be critics who expect you to give a certain type of performance. But this was just the opposite. I was really encouraged to be daring as an actor. Plus, it's always preferable shooting on these smaller productions. You're allowed to trust in your acting instincts a little more," he says, contrasting it with the large-scale production of Warcraft, the movie he's just about to shoot, or 2012's preposterous - but surprisingly enjoyable - Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter.
Having trained in film editing prior to embarking on his acting career, it makes perfect sense that Mr Cooper should feel drawn to the creative side of his craft, and he admits to harbouring ambitions behind the lens - but not quite yet. "I've always loved photography," he says, "and I really admire what directors do. I find myself picking up a lot when I'm on set, too. But it's about finding something that's inspiring to you. It's got to be the right project at the right time. I'm very excited to reach that point, where I'm ready to give it a go."
Could that be something to do if the James Bond gig falls through, then?
"Well, it's always good to have a plan B, isn't it?"
Fleming is on Sky Atlantic HD from 12 February.


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As police investigation the circumstances surrounding the death of an "associate" of Patriots tight end Aaron Hernandez, the case includes whether the incident involved drugs.
According to the Boston Globe (which has temporarily lifted its pay wall for the story, meaning that more than five people will read it), two unnamed law-enforcement officials said detectives are trying to determine whether the apparent murder is drug related.
Hernandez failed multiple drug tests at the University of Florida, greasing the skids for a slide to round four of the draft.
As previously mentioned, WBZ-TV has identified the victim as 27-year-old Odin Lloyd. Per Tom Curran of CSN New England, a spokesman for the Bristol County District Attorney has called the situation "fluid and ongoing," and has declined to confirm the identification of the deceased.
Lloyd's uncle told the Globe that Lloyd "possibly" is the person whose body was found near an industrial park roughly a mile from Hernandez's North Attleboro home. WBZ-TV reports that Lloyd was dating the sister of Hernandez's girlfriend.


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Looking to run on the natural side with your gear and apparel? Me too. I'm excited to share 11 hot, new products made to inspire, multi-task, use clean ingredients and improve performance.
Greater Than Sports Drink – Powered by Coconut Water
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lifestinks – Safe, Effective Deodorant
This product could run for president. It's green, has a very short list of ingredients you can actually pronounce (tea tree oil, lavender or cedarwood, aluminum-free sodium bicarbonate), and more importantly, is aluminum and talc-free. Brand new to the natural world, Life Stinks was created by a sister team to provide a safer alternative to avoid living stinky. It holds up to even the sweatiest of athletes and allows your body to perform its natural function without blocking the lymph system (really good stuff).
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110% Play Harder – Transformer Shorts
Two simple therapies come together in one great garment. The 110% Transformer Shorts are for the athlete looking for that extra advantage. The EC3D Compression Technology offers a better fit with the tubular seamless construction and delivers an ergonomic fit to enhance muscle stability, circulation and reduce muscle fatigue. These compression shorts go one step further with cold therapy built in. Simply wear during training then slide the frozen ice sheets in the shorts afterwards. Shorts come complete with ice sheets and thermal bag. Also available: calf sleeves, Capri, tights and knee sleeve.
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I awarded an "A" for creativity for the most unique way to commemorate a race. Send in your race bib number and Alison will turn it into a highly functioning and meaningful set of coasters, not to mention it's a subtle, cool way to brag to your guests.
$22, http://www.etsy.com/listing/54428853/your-race-bib-on-coasters-set-of-4-tile
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text: MainSports & GamesRhythmic Gymnastics Listen Rhythmic GymnasticsThis page draws together rhythmic gymnastics-related information for all of Special Olympics. The coaching materials and other links will help you get a good sense of how this sport contributes to Special Olympics. StoriesEventsGames Beautiful RhythmRhythmic gymnastics is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. Individuals or teams of competitors (from 2 to 6 people) manipulate one or two pieces of apparatus: rope, clubs, hoop, ball, ribbon and Free (no apparatus, so called "floor routine").About This PageSpecial Olympics focuses on the individuality of each athlete so that coaches can train and encourage growth in skills and accomplishment. The coaching materials, rules and other resources on this page have been specially prepared for coaches working with people with intellectual disabilities. Coaching Special Olympics athletes calls for the same skills and experience that many coaches are familiar with. The extra information in our coaching guides about working with people with ID is what makes our materials helpful and valuable.


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Revised start times for tonight's CBS programs: 60 Minutes (7:41pm ET), The Amazing Race (8:41pm ET), The Good Wife (9:41pm ET) and CSI: Miami (10:41pm ET) due to CBS Sports live coverage of the NFL.
Unfortunatly i think that Ernie and Cindy will win. Aff
Get a doctor, ZBC. I'm here for the finaleeeeeeee!
what mean i get exitced when time around
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text: On Tue, 25 May 2004, Robert G. Brown wrote: --snip-- > > So the interesting question is "where's the money" in this move. The > HPC market hasn't proven to be exactly a get-rich-quick proposition for > any of the various groups that have prospected in it. Good question. I believe the move by Microsoft has two logical goals: 1. Enter markets where the return will be good (which is why the article points to financial and cycle scavenging markets -- these markets make sense for them) 2. Help mitigate "Linux Creep". I recall a customer who wanted to call their cluster kudzu (a non-indigenous plant brought from Asia to the southern US that grows over everything.) It is great name because Linux is like kudzu. In some cases , it is growing all over the data center. It came in the "HPC back door". The message that "Gee Linux helps us find oil, build airplanes, search the genome", adds quite a bit of credibility to the whole Linux thing. I think we just got legit. Doug -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- Editor-in-chief ClusterWorld Magazine Desk: 610.865.6061 Cell: 610.390.7765 Redefining High Performance Computing Fax: 610.865.6618 www.clusterworld.com


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5.0 Mustang & Super FordsEvents
SEMA Show 2013 - Behind the Scenes
Showtime - Manufacturers Make Last-Minute Preps for SEMA 2013
There are two things that we've come to count on happening each year, right around the middle of the Fall season. First, in most parts of the US, temperatures get a little chillier (especially after dark). And second, the automotive industry's "trade show season" kicks off, with the legendary SEMA Show in Las Vegas, Nevada. We look forward to attending SEMA each year, as the show really is the "place to be" if you're a hard-core custom-car and/or high-performance car nut. Editor Steve Turner, and Senior Tech Editor, KJ Jones, are attending SEMA 2013, to see what type of hot, new goodies are coming out for new for Mustangs. Here's a behind-the-scenes look at a few of the things that were taking place inside the show on Monday.


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An ongoing study by the National Cockroach Project has found that the species of pests they've examined in three New York City neighborhoods are distinct to each area and don't travel.
Although the study said cockroaches native to the Upper East and Upper West Sides and Roosevelt Island can and do breed with one another, they can tell each other apart based on their place of birth and prefer to stay in their home area with their own species.
"The diversity was a surprise to us, and the fact that they're not just all mixed together—it's not a random assortment," Mark Stoeckle, an infectious-disease specialist and senior research associate at the Rockefeller University's Program for the Human Environment told NationalGeographic.com. "So they must be staying close to home, and they have their own neighborhoods."
The study, which was aided by high school students and "citizen scientists," has also collected 200 different versions of cockroaches. Soekle also told Nat Geo that New Yorkers send in more cockroaches than anywhere else and that the pesky insects share more in common with NYers than they might think.
The cockroaches are "all immigrants" and come to the city from all across the globe just like New Yorkers, Soekle said.


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Forest Ridge Series
Whisper Creek understands that nothing adds to a home's beauty and functionality more than smart and affordable finishing options. Our homes are designed for both functionality and economy. Additional value can be added to many of our homes by simply adding a loft or basement. Finish your home with the choice of Round, Square or Timber Craftsman style logs and accents.


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Fresh Sawn Oak Posts 200x200 Beams 2.4m
Item: OAKPOST2.4X200X200
Yandles Fresh Sawn Oak Posts 200mm x 200mm Beams
Available for home delivery
Available (allow 5 days for delivery)
Free delivery on orders over £1200
We offer free kerbside delivery on green oak orders over £1200 ordered online using our set sizes delivered to mainland UK.
Excludes cut to size orders.
Expires 31st July 2030
Product Description
Yandles Fresh Sawn (Green Oak) 200mm x 200mm Posts are available for collection or delivery in several pre-cut lengths. Our 200mm x 200mm Posts are also available graded to THB/D30. We also offer a high-quality hand planning service for that smooth finish. All posts are supplied slightly over length, unless specifically ask. Green oak beams are cut to length with a chainsaw. Please note, palletised deliveries are kerbside only. We use a third-party courier service to ship large and heavy items. Please ensure you have the necessary ability and equipment to move the delivery into your property. If there is access issues please advise prior to delivery and we can arrange necessary transport. View other products in Green Oak »
200mm (8") x 200mm (8") x 2m (6 1/2ft) 200mm (8") x 200mm (8") x 2.4m (8ft) 200mm (8") x 200mm (8") x 3m (10ft) 200mm (8") x 200mm (8") x 3.6m (12ft)
Green Oak
Fresh Sawn or Green Oak refers to timber cut fresh from a log and ranges in colour from pink to pale honey, weathering to grey. It is renewable, as a frame can last for over 100years, the same time it takes to grow with careful management in such schemes as FSC or PEFC. The carbon footprint is also less than standard building materials. We can cut sizes up to 300mm square and 6m long. Larger beams are available to order in shorter lengths.
Timber Delivery Rates for Mainland UK start from: Timber - £11.99 Large Timber - £19.99 Double Pallet - £99.98 Triple Pallet - £149.97 Please note, palletised deliveries are kerbside only. We use a third-party courier service to ship large and heavy items. Please ensure you have the necessary ability and equipment to move the delivery into your property.
Please also be aware that you may be charged for return postage aswell if undelivered or returned.
Please be aware that Oak beams can be heavy and require lifting equipment or more than one person to help unload the lorry. Our office can advise on rough weights.
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Food & Drink
Sky high fashion: How cabin crew went couture
By Daisy Carrington, for CNN • Published 24th June 2013
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8 Pictures
If your air hostess seem better suited to a fashion runway than an airport runway, it may be because her uniform has a designer label.
Recently, there's been a rash of cabin crew going couture. Last month, Japanese carrier Al Nippon Airways tapped Prabal Gurung -- whose designs have graced the backs of celebrities ranging from Michelle Obama to Lady Gaga -- to revitalize the staff apparel. Vivienne Westwood is currently doing the same for Virgin Atlantic (stewardesses will start wearing the uniforms on trial next month).
"It could have something to do with the changing of the airline industry. Everyone is having to approach the business differently, and everyone is having to put an emphasis on look," says Australian designer Martin Grant, who in addition to clothing the likes of Emma Stone and Heidi Klum crafted the new uniforms for Qantas Airways last April.
High-end airlines put an emphasis on excellence, Grant says, and Qantas is no different.
"They apply the principle to everything: the food, the design of the interiors, the lounges. It's the same with the uniforms," he explains.
The updated outfits feature a haute take on Qantas' red triangle logo. Grant referenced the graphic in the uniform tops, which are navy blue with ruby red and fuchsia pink diagonal stripes across the shoulder.
"The uniforms have to be identifiable and easily seen. You want to be able to see from afar the staff you're looking for. When you're running around an airport, you're constantly looking for the logo of the aircraft," he says.
Moreover, Grant's design has an on-trend retro feel to it. The ensemble includes a trilby-style hat made from recycled bottle tops and trench coat.
Read more: The man with 1,000 stewardess uniforms
"Passengers and flight attendants alike say they miss the old world glamor associated with flight," says Grant, adding that security controls and low-cost carriers have taken some of the luxury out of the industry.
"[The accessories] very much came from staff feedback. They said, 'we want the glamor back. We want hats, gloves, the whole kitten caboodle.'"
Though Westwood's designs have not been unveiled yet, sketches suggest that the female staff will have gloves. Some of the items will also be made from a polyester yarn made from used plastic bottles. In a statement released by Virgin, Westwood said the uniforms would be in keeping with her "enduring interest in '40s French couture."
Some airlines have been sporting designer threads for years. British Airways had Julien Macdonald -- previously artistic director of French fashion house Givenchy -- overhaul their uniforms in 2000. Air France staff, meanwhile, have been wearing costumes crafted by Société Christian Lacroix since 2005.
"Because we have 'France' in our name, we're an ambassador for the country," explains Sylvie Tarbouriech, the vice president of branding for Air France. "The idea is that we should give our customers the best France can bring them, and when you're thinking about France, you're thinking about food, you're thinking about wine, and you're thinking about fashion."
Airlines have a long tradition of collaborating with designers. Emilio Pucci notably crafted some space-age-style uniforms in 1965 for the now-defunct Braniff International Airways. Still, Tarbouriech maintains it's actually quite difficult finding people willing to take on such a limiting project.
Read more: Airline uniforms recycled to make bags
"A uniform is the sum of many, many constraints," she says. "It has to be comfortable, it has to be in materials that are not flammable, it has to be flattering to everybody -- blonde, redhead or brunette, thin women and not so thin women. And it has to be in keeping with the brand colors. It's very challenging for a fashion designer to work under these constraints, and that's why it's not always easy to find one willing to do it."
Still, Grant says for him at least, it's long been a fantasy.
"I've loved the essence of flight since I was a child," he says. "I love the idea of groups of people looking smart, looking tailored and being part of a team."
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University of Montana Now Home of State's Official Iraq and Afghanistan Veteran's Memorial [AUDIO]
The Fallen Soldier Memorial at the University of Montana was dedicated as the official Iraq and Afghanistan veteran's memorial on Saturday, October 26.
Thirty minutes after the final whistle of the Montana-Eastern Washington football game, soldiers, families, football fans and state officials gathered in Memorial Row on the University of Montana campus to witness the dedication.
The UM marching band accompanied the ceremony, which featured short speeches by UM President Royce Engstrom, Governor Steve Bullock, co-founder and President of Grateful Nation Montana David Bell, and Montana National Guard Adjutant General Major General Matthew Quinn.
Governor Bullock drew attention to Montana's high rate of participation in the military.
"Montana has the highest rate of military service in the nation," Bullock said. "A full 10 percent of our population has served, are currently serving, or who has a family member who is serving in the military."
Bullock also remarked on the unity the Fallen Soldier Memorial brought to an often divided Montana legislature.
"I had the privilege of signing into law the bill that designated this memorial," Bullock said. "The bill sailed through the legislature with bipartisan unanimous support, meaning no one voted against it. The support showed that while there may be differences and disagreements, at the end of the day, we can rise to a higher calling."
Governor Steve Bullock
David Bell, co-founder and President of Grateful Nation Montana said the memorial contains the names of soldiers from all across Montana, small towns and big cities alike.
"We are Montana, because of the men who have given their lives in Iraq and Afghanistan," Bell said. "They are from Bozeman, Helena, Wolf Creek, Missoula, Belgrade, Phillpsburg, Great Falls, Hungry Horse, Kalispell, Ismay, Glasgow, Dillon, Colstrip, Sidney, Shepherd, Fairfield, Lewistown, Chinook, West Yellowstone, Billings, Stevensville, White Sulfur Springs, Bigfork, Troy, Whitefish, Sand Springs, Darby and Glendive," Bell said.
Co-Founder and President of Grateful Nation Montana David Bell
Major General Quinn reminded the crowd of the warrior's ethos, the beliefs that bind them together.
"I will always place the mission first," Quinn said. "I will never accept defeat, I will never quit, and I will never leave a fallen comrade.This memorial provides a solemn reminder to those who serve and who have served, that America will never leave a fallen comrade."
Major General Matthew Quinn, Adjutant General, Montana National Guard
The Fallen Soldier Memorial was officially dedicated on November 4, 2011. The bill to make it the official state memorial was drafted and carried to the legislature by Republican Champ Edmunds and Democrat Cliff Larson, both from Missoula.


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A monument is an edifice, an architecturally significant structure that serves to remind us of great deeds by an individual or group. Arguably, the new City Hall will serve as a monument to the city's leadership and its visionary planning and maintenance of the city's assets, symbolizing their, and our, civic achievements while also serving the functionality of administrating the city's operational needs.
A legacy is what one leaves behind, a lasting memory of past activity. The old City Hall and the immediate neighborhood it administered are not the legacy that the city leadership would like to leave behind on the "West Bank" of Newport Beach. Once the jewel of Newport, indeed the birthplace of the city, the Peninsula zone and Lido Village are gateways to some of our most precious assets: the miles of golden beach and boardwalk, and the bay containing the largest non-commercial harbor in California.
Like the West Bank in the Middle East, the authorities have sadly neglected this area for the priorities of the more commercially popular and newer developed areas around Fashion Island, Corona del Mar and now Newport Coast, areas also helped by the careful and purposeful planners of the Irvine Co.
The old City Hall site anchors a deteriorated, dilapidated morass of commercial and residential land use. The empty storefronts of Lido village, once a charming cluster of boutique shops and pleasant restaurants, are just one example of neglect. The deteriorating business and commercial uses at the Peninsula entrance are another. The legacy that city leaders are leaving behind in their move to the new City Hall, or "Taj Mahal" as some have called it, is bleak. Though sporadic projects like the new marina and possible Balboa village rejuvenation may help, the gateway area remains an eyesore.
Monuments can be built quickly and are difficult to change once erected. Legacies take a longer time to evolve, but unlike physical structures, can be changed and rehabilitated when needed. City leaders have that chance in deciding on the new use for the old City Hall site. The type of development they choose there could not only be symbolic of the type of revitalization needed, but a catalyst for that revitalization.
Think Coronado Island, not old Coney Island. Look at what San Francisco did with its previously sleazy, decaying, dangerous piers and the recent emergence of the once-blighted South of Market area into a hot destination.
Just as a rising tide lifts all boats, an inspirational use of the old City Hall site could dramatically rescue a tarnished jewel in dire need of a transformation and reclaim the glory that once was the heart of Newport Beach.
It's not only important to the long-suffering residents and merchants who have stayed the course in this cherished area of our city, but could also help enhance the ambience of the gateway for all citizens, attract new residents, visitors and merchants and also promote increased revenue flow over and above that from the increased taxes recently levied in large part on the existing denizens of the decaying bayfront at the Peninsula entry. Isn't that the legacy that the city leaders should want to leave behind as they move into the new East Bank monument?
MICHAEL BRANT-ZWADZKI is a medical doctor who lives in Newport Beach and practices at Hoag Hospital.


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Shur-Co., manufacturer of The Genuine Shur-Lok Roll Tarp System, proudly introduces its patent pending 3500 Series Electric Roll-Up Tarp Upgrade, with various motor upgrades and remote control options available.
The 3500 Series Electric includes a positive, wind-resistant, dual pivot system which utilizes front and rear spring-loaded torsion arms. The dual pivot points ensure constant tension during operation so you get smooth, even tarp roll from side to side.
The 3500 Series Electric is designed to assist the roll in climbing over heaped loads without spinning out.
There are no cables, no straps and no bungees to break.
Call Shur-Co. at (1-800-474-8756) or visit www.shurco.com for more information on the new 3500 Series Electric Roll-Up Tarp Upgrade.


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Getting Lucky
Colm McGinty has been floundering from job to job for years. He calls his home Kelly's Irish Rose, a neighborhood bar run by Moira Kelly, who's been running the tavern since the death of her father. Moira used to date Colm but not any more, considering him a losing prospect. Business at the Irish Rose is in toilet because of a spate of bad luck. Moira thinks it has something to do with the new bar across the street, but Colm isn't so sure. Tha...


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Baby Jungle Animals I
Perfect for a childs room!
Everyone will adore these cute baby jungle animal wall hangings. Pattern includes an elephant, giraffe, donkey, horse zebra and hippo. Projects are made using 1-3 regular-size sheets of plastic canvas and worsted-weight yarn.
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Finished sizes:
- Elephant: 17" x 13"
- Giraffe: 14" x 22"
- Donkey, horse, zebra: 14" x 18"
- Hippo: 14" x 13"
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Navigation, science of directing a craft by determining its position, course, and distance traveled. Navigation is concerned with finding the way to the desired destination, avoiding collisions, conserving fuel, and meeting schedules.
Navigation is derived from the Latin navis ("ship") and agere ("to drive"). Early mariners who embarked on voyages of exploration gradually developed systematic methods of observing and recording their position, the distances and directions they traveled, the currents of wind and water, and the hazards and havens they encountered. The facts accumulated in their journals made it possible for them to find their way home and for them or their successors to repeat and extend their exploits. Each successful landfall became a signpost along a route that could be retraced and integrated into a growing body of reliable information.
For these pathfinders, the danger of running into another vessel was negligible, but, as traffic expanded along established routes, collision avoidance became a concern. Emphasis shifted from finding the way to maintaining safe distances between craft moving in various directions at different speeds. Larger ships are easier to see but require more time to change speed or direction. When many ships are in a small area, an evasive action taken to avoid a collision may endanger other ships. This problem has been alleviated near busy seaports by confining incoming and outgoing ships to separate lanes, which are clearly marked and divided by the greatest practical distance. Airplanes travel so fast that, even though two pilots may see one another in time to initiate evasive action, their maneuvers may be nullified if either one incorrectly predicts the other's move. Ground-based air traffic controllers are charged with the responsibility for assigning aircraft to selected paths that minimize the likelihood of collision. Civil air navigation is profoundly influenced by the requirements of following the instructions of these controllers.
The advent of steam-powered ships during the first half of the 19th century added the problem of minimizing fuel consumption to the navigator's duties. In particular, beyond a certain safety factor, carrying excess fuel needlessly reduces cargo capacity.
Adherence to a predetermined schedule, a matter of vital importance in space navigation in connection with fuel consumption, has become important in sea and air navigation for a different reason. Today each voyage or flight is a single link in a coordinated network of transport that carries people and goods from any starting place to any chosen destination. The efficient operation of the whole system depends upon assurance that each journey will begin and end at the specified times.
Modern navigation, in short, has to do with a globally integrated transportation system in which each voyage from start to finish is concerned with four basic objectives: staying on course, avoiding collisions, minimizing fuel consumption, and conforming to an established timetable.
Development of marine navigation
The earliest navigators probably learned to steer their ships between distant ports by familiarizing themselves with the sequences of intervening landmarks. This everyday visual approach to navigation is called piloting. Keeping these reference points in view required that they stay quite close to shore, but they made the transition to ocean voyages well out of sight of land thousands of years ago in various parts of the world. Regular trade was carried on between the island of Crete and Egypt, a distance of approximately 300 miles (500 km), more than 25 centuries before the Christian era. A passage in the Odyssey describes such a voyage from Crete: running before a north wind, sailing ships reached the mouth of the Nile in five days. Longer and longer routes became established by later sailors. By 600 bc the Phoenicians were routinely importing tin from Cornwall in the British Isles. Well before the 10th century ad, Irish seafarers successively reached the Shetland Islands, the Faeroe Islands, and Iceland, crossing 200 to 300 miles (300 to 500 km) of the North Atlantic at each stage. The Vikings repeated those passages and ventured even farther, settling Greenland and visiting North America. By about ad 400, Polynesian navigators had reached Hawaii from the Marquesas Islands, 2,300 miles (3,700 km) across the open Pacific.
Direction finding
The details of how these voyagers found their way are not known, but the use of the Sun and stars as guides is mentioned in many sources, including the works of Homer and Herodotus, the Bible, and the Norse sagas.
East and west are traditionally synonymous with the directions of sunrise and sunset; north and south are determined by the directions of shadows cast by the noonday Sun. By night the stars rise in the east and set in the west, and in the Northern Hemisphere their apparent rotation around the Pole Star due to the Earth's rotation has long been a fact of the navigator's life.
For many centuries practical navigators oriented themselves by relying just as strongly on meteorological clues (the directions from which steady winds blew) as on astronomical ones (the positions and apparent motions of the Sun and stars). The Mediterranean sailor could confidently distinguish the cold north wind from the warm south wind. Names were assigned to eight principal winds, and the directions of these winds became the eight equally spaced points of the wind rose (rosa ventorum) of the Classical mariner. The wind rose may have been devised by the Etruscans, whose power reached its peak around the 6th century bc; it certainly antedates the octagonal Tower of the Winds built in Athens by Andronicus of Cyrrhus about 100 bc. From Roman times through the Middle Ages, an alternative 12-point wind rose was used by some navigators, but it was discarded in the 15th century when the Portuguese, at the opening of the great age of discovery, subdivided the eight points of the ancients and introduced a 16-point system.
Sailing instructions
The first written aid to coastal navigation was the pilot book, or periplus, in which the courses to be steered between ports were set forth in terms of wind directions. These books, of which examples survive from the 4th century bc, described routes, headlands, landmarks, anchorages, currents, and port entrances. No doubt the same information had formerly been passed along by word of mouth, as it still is in some parts of the world. It seems improbable that any sort of sea chart was used with these sailing guides, even though Herodotus's map of the known world, drawn in the 5th century bc, delineated the Mediterranean shoreline quite accurately. Reliable sea charts were not introduced until the advent of the magnetic compass and of methods for determining latitude and longitude.
Distance and speed measurements
Distances were cited in the early pilot books in units of a day's sail. Later, distances were deduced from estimates of the ship's speed and the lengths of time over which these speeds were maintained. Probably the oldest method of determining the speed is the so-called Dutchman's log, in which a floating object, the log, was dropped overboard from the bow of the ship; the time elapsing before it passed the stern was counted off by the navigator, who kept it in sight while walking the length of the vessel. This technique was eventually replaced by that in which the log, attached to a reel of light line, was dropped from the stern; as the ship moved away from the log, the length of line paid out during the emptying of a sandglass was the measure of the speed.
In Seaman's Practice (1637) the English navigator Richard Norwood recommended the use of a line knotted at intervals of 50 feet (15 metres) and a 30-second sandglass; knotted intervals of 47 to 48 feet (14.3 to 14.6 metres) and a 28-second sandglass were later adopted to accord with nautical miles of slightly different lengths. In the United Kingdom a nautical mile is defined as 6,080 feet (1,853 metres). In 1953 the United States switched from the English standard to the metric, or international, standard of 1,852 metres (6,076 feet). With the international standard nautical mile, knots were spaced about 14.4 metres (approximately 47.25 feet) along the rope. If the first knot appeared as the sand ran out, the ship's speed was 1,852 metres per hour—one nautical mile per hour, or one knot.
As early as 1688 an English instrument maker, Humphry Cole, invented the so-called patent log, in which a vaned rotor was towed from the stern, and its revolutions were counted on a register. Logs of this kind did not become common until the mid-19th century, when the register was mounted on the aft rail, where it could be read at any time; another Englishman, Thomas Walker, introduced successive refinements of the patent log beginning in 1861. This form of log is still in use.
The magnetic compass
The lodestone and the compass card
It is not known where or when it was discovered that the lodestone (a magnetized mineral composed of an iron oxide) aligns itself in a north-south direction, as does a piece of iron that has been magnetized by contact with a lodestone. Neither is it known where or when marine navigators first availed themselves of these discoveries. Plausible records indicate that the Chinese were using the magnetic compass around ad 1100, western Europeans by 1187, Arabs by 1220, and Scandinavians by 1300. The device could have originated in each of these groups, or it could have been passed from one to the others. All of them had been making long voyages, relying on steady winds to guide them and sightings of the Sun or a familiar star to inform them of any change. When the magnetic compass was introduced, it probably was used merely to check the direction of the wind when clouds obscured the sky.
The first mariner's compass may have consisted of a magnetized needle attached to a wooden splinter or a reed floating on water in a bowl. In a later version the needle was pivoted near its centre on a pin fixed to the bottom of the bowl. By the 13th century a card bearing a painted wind rose was mounted on the needle; the navigator could then simply read his heading from the card. So familiar has this combination become that it is called the compass, although that word originally signified the division of the horizon. The suspension of the compass bowl in gimbals (originally used to keep lamps upright on tossing ships) was first mentioned in 1537.
On early compass cards the north point was emphasized by a broad spearhead and the letter T for tramontana, the name given to the north wind. About 1490 a combination of these evolved into the fleur-de-lis, still almost universally used. The east point, pointing toward the Holy Land, was marked with a cross; the ornament into which this cross developed continued on British compass cards well into the 19th century. The use of 32 points by sailors of northern Europe, usually attributed to Flemish compass makers, is mentioned by Geoffrey Chaucer in his Treatise on the Astrolabe (1391). It also has been said that the navigators of Amalfi, Italy, first expanded the number of compass points to 32, and they may have been the first to attach the card to the needle.
During the 15th century it became apparent that the compass needle did not point true north from all locations but made an angle with the local meridian. This phenomenon was originally called by seamen the northeasting of the needle but is now called the variation or declination. For a time, compass makers in northern countries mounted the needle askew on the card so that the fleur-de-lis indicated true north when the needle pointed to magnetic north. This practice died out about 1700 because it succeeded only for short voyages near the place where the compass was made; it caused confusion and difficulty on longer trips, especially in crossing the Atlantic to the American coast, where the declination was west instead of east as in Europe. The declination in a given location varies over time. For example, in northern Europe in the 16th century the magnetic north pole was east of true geographic north; in subsequent centuries it has drifted to the west.
Despite its acknowledged value, the magnetic compass long remained a fragile, troublesome, and unreliable instrument, subject to mysterious disturbances. The introduction of iron and then steel for hulls and engines in the 19th century caused further concern because it was well known that nearby ironwork would deflect the compass needle. In 1837 the British Admiralty set up a committee to seek rational methods of ensuring the accuracy of compasses installed on iron ships. In 1840 the committee introduced a new design that proved so successful that it was promptly adopted by all the principal navies of the world. Further refinements, aimed at reducing the effects of engine vibration and the shock of gunfire, continued throughout the century.
The liquid magnetic compass
The liquid magnetic compass, now almost universally used, is commonly accompanied by an azimuth instrument for taking bearings of distant objects. The compass consists of a set of steel needles with a compass card, attached to a float, in a bowl of water and alcohol. In modern instruments, the magnetic element is often in the form of a ring magnet, fitted within the float. The card is usually of mica or plastic with photographically printed graduations; metal cards with perforated graduations also are used. Cards are usually graduated clockwise from 0° at north to 359°, with the eight principal points indicated.
A jewel is fitted at the centre of the float to bear on an iridium-tipped pivot attached to the bowl of the compass. The liquid in which the directional system is placed serves two purposes: to reduce the weight on the pivot point, and thereby to minimize friction; and to damp out oscillations from the ship's motion. The bowl is closed on the top and bottom by glass, the bottom glass permitting illumination from below, and is mounted in gimbals. A flexible diaphragm or bellows attached to the bowl accommodates the change in volume of the liquid caused by temperature changes. The ship's heading is read with the aid of the lubber's line, which is oriented toward the forward part of the compass to indicate the direction of the ship's centre line.
When the ship alters course, liquid at the side of the bowl tends to displace slightly, deflecting the card and causing what is known as swirl error. To minimize swirl error, the card is often made considerably smaller in diameter than the bowl. The directional system is made sufficiently bottom-heavy (pendulous) to counteract the downward pull of the vertical component of the Earth's magnetic field, which would otherwise cause the system to tilt.
The simplest, and probably earliest, azimuth instrument consists of two sights on opposite sides of the compass bowl connected by a thread. The assembly can be rotated to permit sighting on the distant object. Because it is impossible to sight through the instrument and look at the compass card simultaneously, a prism (mirror) is positioned to reflect an image of the card, which is given a second set of graduations with reversed figures. Modern azimuth instruments embody a number of refinements, but the principle remains unchanged.
The binnacle, formerly called the bittacle, is the receptacle in which the compass is mounted. Originally constructed in the form of a cupboard, it is now usually a cylindrical pedestal with provision for illuminating the compass card, usually from below. It contains various correctors to reduce the deviations of the compass caused by the magnetism of the ship. These usually consist of properly placed magnets, a pair of soft iron spheres (or small strips close to the compass), and a vertical soft iron bar called the Flinders bar, which originated in recommendations made by the English navigator Matthew Flinders.
Binnacles are sometimes constructed so that an image of part of the compass card can be projected or reflected through a tube onto a viewing screen on the deck below. This arrangement can make it unnecessary to provide a second compass for the helmsman and may allow the binnacle to be placed in a position less susceptible to magnetic disturbances.
Marine charts
The portolano
During the course of 15 centuries or more, the coastal pilot book of Classical times evolved into the portolano, or portolan chart, the harbour-finding manual of the Middle Ages. An early portolano for the whole Mediterranean Sea, Lo compasso da navigare (1296), gives directions in terms of half points—that is, halves of the angles defined by the 32-point compass. From such works, accumulated over generations and collected during the 13th century into a single volume for the entire Mediterranean, the first marine charts were drawn. On these charts, most of which were compiled in Genoa, Venice, and Majorca, north was at the top, rather than east, as was the practice on most land maps of the time. They carried a scale of distances and a colour-coded pattern of rhumb lines, or loxodromes (with lines of the same colour crossing the Earth's meridians at a constant angle, so that following each rhumb line maintains a constant bearing). To set a course between two ports, the pilot would join the corresponding points on the chart with a straight line, find the rhumb line most nearly parallel to it, and trace the rhumb line back to its parent wind rose, from which he obtained the required heading. As long as the ship's location was to be found by dead reckoning (keeping a running record of the distances and directions traveled), the Mediterranean chart was entirely adequate. Questions of latitude, longitude, compass variation, and curvature of the Earth's surface could be safely ignored.
The Mercator chart
When the Portuguese, under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, ventured farther south along the west coast of Africa, they encountered navigational difficulties by assuming that the charts used in the Mediterranean could simply be extended. Over long distances the rhumb lines could not be taken as straight, and the charts bore no relation to the new methods of checking the dead reckoning that Portuguese astronomers and mathematicians had devised. These methods required a chart on which positions were expressed as latitudes and longitudes rather than bearings and distances. Such a chart had to embody a practical method of representing the curved meridians and parallels on a flat surface. Even for an area as large as the Mediterranean, this can be done without grossly falsifying either distances or directions, but for larger regions some distortions are inevitable, and a choice has to be made between alternative mapping techniques. On certain types of charts, distances can be shown accurately, but directions cannot; on other types, directions are reliably presented, but the scale of distance varies greatly between different parts of the chart. The navigator accepts the second type because the risk of lengthening the voyage is preferable to that of missing the target.
In 1569 the Flemish cartographer Gerardus Mercator published a world map that he had composed using a "projection suitable for navigation," the details of which he did not disclose. (The Mercator and other projections are treated in the article map.) On a Mercator chart the meridians of longitude are represented by equally spaced vertical lines, and the parallels of latitude are represented by horizontal lines that are closer together near the Equator than near the poles. The uneven spacing of the parallels compensates for the increasing exaggeration of the east-west distance between adjacent meridians at higher latitudes; this distance decreases on the Earth but remains the same on the chart. In 1599 the English mathematician Edward Wright supplied a rational explanation of Mercator's projection and provided tables by which the distorted distances could be corrected.
Latitude measurements
Portuguese seamen determined latitude by observing the elevation angle of the polestar—that is, the angle between its direction and the horizontal. They knew from astronomical studies that the star does not lie exactly on the extension of the Earth's axis, so that it appears to move daily in a small circle around the celestial pole, but the necessary correction (as much as 31/2° in the 15th century) could be applied by noting the position of the nearby star Kochab. When the navigators got close to the Equator, these stars fell below the horizon; there it became necessary to rely on observing the altitude of the noonday Sun and calculating latitude with the aid of an almanac.
The first instruments used at sea for elevation angle measurements seem to have been the quadrant and the astrolabe, long known to astronomers. For both devices the reference direction was actually the vertical, rather than the horizontal, but conversion of the readings was an elementary matter. The mariner's astrolabe, however, was less widely used than its 16th-century successor, the cross-staff, a simple device consisting of a staff about 3 feet (1 metre) long fitted with a sliding crosspiece (see photograph). The navigator, holding the staff to one eye, would move the crosspiece until its lower end coincided with the horizon and its upper end with the polestar (see figure). The desired elevation could then be read from the intersection of the crosspiece with the staff, on which a scale was marked in degrees. The cross-staff remained in use until the 18th century despite several drawbacks, the most serious being that it required the observer to look directly into the Sun. Coloured shades were fitted to the crosspiece, but the decisive improvement was made in 1594 by the English navigator John Davis. His instrument, called the backstaff because it was used with the observer's back to the Sun, remained common even after 1731 when the octant (an early form of the modern sextant) was demonstrated independently by John Hadley of England (see photograph) and Thomas Godfrey of Philadelphia. In the octant and the sextant, two mirrors—one fixed, the other movable—bring the image of the Sun into coincidence with the horizon. In the hands of the practiced observer, the modern sextant can be used to measure elevation angles with an accuracy of 10 seconds of arc—that is, close enough to determine a ship's north-south position within a few hundred metres.
Longitude measurements
Almanacs and tables
One of the earliest tabulations of the day-to-day positions of the heavenly bodies was Ephemerides, compiled by the German astronomer Regiomontanus and published by him in Nürnberg in 1474. This work also set forth the principle of determining longitude by the method of lunar distances—that is, the angular displacement of the Moon from other celestial objects. This method, which was destined to become the standard for a time during the 19th century, remained impracticable for more than three centuries because of the inaccuracy of existing lunar tables and because special knowledge and tedious computations were necessary in its use. Meanwhile, during the 16th and 17th centuries, working from translations of Portuguese and Spanish manuals, a flourishing school of instrument makers, chart makers, and teachers grew in England. This group rapidly improved the theory of navigation and compiled tables of increasing accuracy. In 1675 the Royal Observatory was established at Greenwich with the specific object of providing sailors with astronomical data of the required precision. At Paris the Connaissance des temps, the first national almanac, was founded in 1679; it contained tables for the crude determination of longitude from observations of the occultation or eclipses of Jupiter's moons by Jupiter, first seen by Galileo in 1610. (Galileo himself had advocated the preparation of such tables for this purpose, but the method, though sound in principle, could not be made practical aboard sailing ships.) In 1755 Johann Tobias Mayer, a German astronomer, published remarkably accurate tables of the motion of the Moon. To make them useful to navigators, however, it was necessary to prepare from them an ephemeris of the Moon for every noon and midnight. The English astronomer royal, Nevil Maskelyne, supervised this task; the results were published in the annual Nautical Almanac, which was inaugurated in 1766.
The marine chronometer
Latitude could be determined by measuring the altitude of the Sun at noon or the altitude of any tabulated star when it crossed the local meridian, but the determination of longitude at sea remained a serious problem. By the Middle Ages, astronomers knew that the local time of an eclipse depended on the longitude, and in the 16th century they pointed out the principle of determining longitude by comparing the local time with the reading of a clock that reliably kept the time of a known meridian; because the Earth revolves 360° in 24 hours, or 1/4° every minute, it was possible to ascertain how far east or west a ship had traveled by comparing a marine timekeeper set to keep time with the location of the ship's point of departure and the ship's local time as measured by the Sun and stars. But no accurate marine timekeeper was then available. Even on dry land, the best 17th-century clocks were capable of keeping time to an accuracy of only one or two seconds over an interval of several days. Placed on board a ship, clocks became even more unreliable. After being subjected to bouncing waves, corrosive salt sprays, and unpredictable variations in temperature, pressure, and humidity, most shipboard clocks either stopped running or became too unstable to permit accurate navigation. Finally, in 1714, the British Board of Longitude offered a prize of £20,000 to anyone who could discover a method of finding the longitude within 30 miles during a sea voyage. After more than 40 years of disciplined labour, a barely educated British cabinetmaker named John Harrison won the prize by constructing the first practical marine chronometer, an oversized jeweled pocket watch that was nearly twice as accurate as the finest land-based clocks of his day. At last mariners had a way to determine both latitude and longitude. For decades thereafter the precise timing measurements obtained from marine chronometers, coupled with sextant sightings of the celestial bodies, allowed explorers to journey with dependable precision throughout the world.
Other aids to navigation
An Egyptian temple decoration dating from about 1600 bc shows a ship on which a member of the crew is measuring the depth of the water with a long pole. The Viking sailor took soundings with a lead weight on a line, hauling in the line and measuring it by the span of his arms. Today depths are still cited in 6-foot (1.8-metre) intervals called fathoms, from the Old Norse word fathmr ("outstretched arms"). The weight was commonly given a hollow bottom filled with tallow to pick up a sample of the seabed for comparison with the composition indicated on the chart. Distance from a cliff could be estimated by timing the echoes of shouts or drumbeats.
To reduce the risk of collision and to allow other ships to follow, a ship under way at night displayed running lights by which sailors on nearby vessels could judge its course and speed. The traditional coloured lights, red to port (left) and green to starboard (right), were augmented on steamships with a white light at the head of the foremast. In foggy weather, gongs, bells, or explosives were used to produce loud warning sounds; eventually these devices were replaced by foghorns. Rules that specified what lights must be shown, what signals must be given, and how ships must navigate in respect of each other were formulated for British mariners in 1862. These rules formed the basis of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, which were adopted by nearly all maritime nations after a conference held in 1889. Collision avoidance also was fostered by general acceptance of the recommendation—separate lanes for eastbound and westbound steamers in the heavily traveled North Atlantic—appearing in Sailing Directions (1855), prepared by the U.S. naval officer Matthew F. Maury, who also mapped ocean currents worldwide. The danger of running aground was lessened by a worldwide system of lighthouses, lightships, buoys, bells, and channel markers; the development of these aids to navigation is treated in the article lighthouse.
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text:
Obama says he is sorry for 'You can keep it' declaration
WASHINGTON--President Obama said on Thursday that he is sorry that some Americans are losing their current health insurance plans as a result of the Affordable Care Act, despite his oft-repeated assurances that Americans could keep their insurance plans if they like them.
The comments, which Obama made in an interview with NBC News, come as he faces a steady stream of criticism as millions of Americans on the individual insurance market received notices that their plans do not meet the minimum benefit requirements set under the ACA and will be canceled.
"I am sorry that they are finding themselves in this situation based on assurances they got from me," Obama said. "We've got to work hard to make sure that they know we hear them and we are going to do everything we can to deal with folks who find themselves in a tough position as a consequence of this."
Earlier this week at a health care summit hosted by alumni of his two presidential campaigns, Obama added some verbiage to his declaration — "if you like your current insurance, you keep that insurance" — that was a standard part of his public pitch on his signature health care legislation dating to 2009.
"Now, if you had one of these plans before the Affordable Care Act came into law and you really liked that plan, what we said was you can keep it if it hasn't changed since the law passed," Obama said in the speech to supporters.
Obama's comments to NBC mark a significant change in tone following more than a week of his aides resisting suggestions that the president misled Americans.
Administration officials have stressed it should be no surprise that a slice of the 5% of U.S. consumers who are on the individual insurance market would be forced to switch plans as a result of insurance providers dealing with meeting the minimum benefit requirement established under the law.
But while Obama trumpeted the ability of Americans to keep their insurance if they already had it, less emphasized was the reality that some insurers providing bare-bones coverage prior to the full implementation of the law would be forced to phase out such policies.
Obama said in the interview that most of those who are receiving cancellation notices were paying for "sub par" plans and the intention was to get Americans improved coverage at the same or cheaper rates. And the president insisted that over the long term, the minimum benefit standards set by the ACA will prove beneficial to consumers.
"But in this transition, you know, there are going to be folks who get a cancellation letter, especially when a website's not working," said Obama, who suggested that he will explore administrative action to help assist some of those who received cancellation notices. "They're looking and saying, 'What am I going to do now?'"
The bottom line, Obama added: "We were not as clear as we needed to be about the changes that were taking place," Obama said.
Obama also said he is "confident" that the glitch-plagued HealthCare.gov, the online exchange serving 36 states, will be vastly improved by the end of the month.
"I'm confident that it will be even better by November 30th and that the majority of people are going to be able to get on there," Obama said. "They're going to be able to enroll. They're going to be able to apply. And they're going to get a good deal -- a better deal than they've got right now when it comes to buying health insurance."
Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., dismissed the apology, and called on Obama to embrace a bipartisan legislative effort in the Senate that would allow those getting cancellation notices to retain their coverage.
"If the president is truly sorry for breaking his promises to the American people, he'll do more than just issue a half-hearted apology on TV," McConnell said in a statement.