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One of the quickest and most convincing ways to learn the true worth of a gallon of oil is to cut enough firewood to duplicate its heating value. In raw Btu, it takes about 20 pounds of wood to equal a gallon (about 7.5 pounds) of fuel oil. Imagine pumping a winter's worth of fuel oil up out of the ground, toting it home in quart bottles, and pouring it into a heater every few hours! As appalling as that prospect sounds, people who burn wood perform a ritual that's very similar — except that they haul twice as many pounds every winter.
Contemplating the amount of labor that goes into heating with wood can be depressing, but what really hurts is poor wood stove efficiency: about half of the energy available in the fuel goes to waste. Worse yet, much of the 50% that gets away pollutes the air or sticks to the inside of the chimney.
The trade-offs of heating with wood have been a fact of life for decades. And until the question of pollution came up a few years back, few wood burners considered it a bad deal. With a moderate amount of honest labor, anyone who burns wood can save on his or her heating bill. And trees are a renewable source of energy. The alternatives — oil, gas, and electricity — are more expensive than wood and are becoming even pricier as the supply of fossil fuels is depleted. Furthermore, fossil and nuclear energy sources can't lay claim to great efficiency themselves. By the time usable heat is delivered by most conventional energy sources, at least half of the Btu have escaped. And, just as is the case with wood burning, pollution is one of the major by-products of inefficiency. Therefore, we wood users must ask ourselves two questions about this tradeoff: Just how bad is the problem of pollution from wood stoves, and what can be done about it?
Smoke Gets In Your Eyes
In some locales, wood stove pollution is quite serious, constituting the major source of particulate emissions. And on a national basis, wood burning produces a significant share of some very dangerous compounds. According to Dr. Dennis Jaasma, a wood-combustion research scientist at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, the most threatening pollutants are particulates, vapor-phase hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide. All of these substances can be drawn deep into the lungs through normal breathing, and thus pose various health hazards. Scientists don't know for sure what the annual national contribution of wood burning may be to the emission of these compounds, but estimates have been made that the numbers are about 0.7%, 2.5%, and 4%, respectively. (By comparison, diesel engines contribute about 1% of the national annual particulate emissions and are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency.)
But it's actually a subcategory of particulates and vapor-phase hydrocarbons that may be of the greatest concern. Many polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are known to be mutagenic and carcinogenic, and it has been estimated that wood stoves emit about 36% of the total annual load of these compounds in our atmosphere. However, there is great uncertainty in this estimate, because not enough research has been done. What's more, the testing procedures for measuring PAH are expensive, complicated, and of dubious accuracy. Jaasma believes the uncertainties are such that the PAH contribution from stoves could lie anywhere in the 5 to 75% range. In any event, this makes wood stoves a major source of PAH.
Revulsion = Revolution
The presence of smoke is blatantly obvious to anyone living just downwind from the chimney of an active wood stove, and regulatory agencies have taken notice of what comes from such flues. In Oregon, the sale of "dirty" wood-burning space heaters will be banned as of January 1, 1986, and in 1988 the rules will become significantly more strict. Colorado has passed a law that may result in regulations patterned after Oregon's, but it will also cover fireplaces by requiring certain design features. Up in Missoula, Montana, episodic wood stove pollution has become so severe that there are prohibitions on burning during alerts, and an outright ban on wood burners has been considered.
Under Oregon's new emission regulate as of July 1, 1984, manufacturers had the option of getting their stoves (fireplaces and furnaces are exempt) tested for emissions and efficiency. After July 1, 1986, the sale of noncatalytic wood-burning space heaters that emit more than 15 grams of solid and condensable hydrocarbons (loosely called particulates) per hour, or catalytics that emit more than 6 grams per hour (g/hr), will be prohibited. In 1988, these limits will drop to 9 g/hr for noncatalytics and 4 g/hr for catalytic.
Why the differentiation between stoves that have catalytic combustors and stoves that don't? Oregon's Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) assumes that the performance of catalysts will degrade over time, making their aggregate emissions equal those of heaters not equipped with the pollution-scrubbing afterburners.
The Oregon DEQ regulations are designed to yield a 75 to 80% reduction in particulate emissions from wood stoves over the next 15 to 20 years. The specified emission levels are based on estimates of wood consumption rates, the heating degree-days of the Oregon climate, and an anticipated 15-year life for existing stoves. By the year 2000, the regulators hope that nearly all the wood stoves in Oregon will be of the clean-burning type. According to the DEQ's Barbara Tombleson, a public education campaign will help to convince wood users that—because of improvements in efficiency—state-approved heaters will both clear the air and reduce the quality of wood needed to heat a home: "This regulation is really intended to encourage cleaner and more efficient technology."
Indeed, the heavy hand of regulation is at least to some degree responsible for bringing on amazing progress in wood stove design. Less than five years after the first scientific warnings about the hazards of pollution from wood-burning stoves appeared, a whole new generation of heaters has been born to meet the demand for clean-burning equipment.
This is a turn of events we consumers should be most pleased about. In nearly every case, dramatic reductions in emissions yield concomitant improvements in efficiency. Simply put, if you burn more of the fuel rather than allowing it to go up in smoke, you get more heat (all other things being equal). As a result, if you're in the market for a wood stove this fall, you can choose from a number of appliances that are half again as efficient as the outmoded "airtight" models. Dr. Jay Shelton of Shelton Energy Research says, "A decade ago, I wouldn't have guessed that such large improvements would be made so quickly. Today a consumer can buy a stove that is 90% cleaner at the critical low burn rates and that uses 30% less wood than the best that were available five years ago."
Making Sense
If you're going to make a wise decision about buying a new-technology heater, you're going to have to understand the fundamentals of wood stove efficiency and emissions testing. There are several ways to go about examining a heater's performance, and the numbers from one source aren't necessarily comparable to those from another. Unfortunately, as has been the case for years, some manufacturers are willing to misuse such numbers in advertising.
Inefficient wood stoves squander our hard-won cords in two ways. First, complete combustion never occurs throughout the firebox of a typical "airtight" heater. (Airtight is a comparative, rather than absolute, expression.) There's likely to be some smoldering of the fuel, and some of the incompletely burned products of this smoky fire exit the chimney without being burned. This is often called chemical loss. Second, the heat generated by the combustion of the portion of the fuel that actually burns can't all be delivered into a room. Some of that warmth must be dedicated to boiling water in the wood — both that left from incomplete drying and that generated during chemical reactions of combustion. Furthermore, because the temperature of the gas in the chimney is bound to be greater than room temperature when it leaves the house, some of the heat of combustion escapes, blown away with the flow of gases.
Because of these distinct areas of loss, every wood stove has two measurable efficiencies: its combustion and its heat-transfer efficiency. The product of these two numbers, which we'll call the overall efficiency, is the only figure that will tell you how much heat you'll actually get by burning a cord of wood in a particular stove.
Let's look at an example of how combustion and heat-transfer efficiency figures can be misused. A masonry fireplace may have a high combustion efficiency — say in the range of 90% — simply because there's an unrestricted supply of air to the burn zone. However, so much excess air may get sucked up the chimney while the fire is burning that little or no heat is delivered into the room. With a combustion efficiency of 90% and a heat-transfer efficiency of 0%, the net Btu delivered into the room by the fireplace will be zero. A typical airtight heater, on the other hand, may be able to achieve only a 60 or 70% combustion efficiency; but because its heat-transfer efficiency is 70 or 80%, it may have an overall efficiency of 42 to 56%. Thus, if you looked only at combustion efficiency, you might assume that the fireplace is a better heater.
There are two methods of measuring wood stove efficiency in common use today. The calorimeter room is simply a heavily insulated and instrumented chamber that directly measures the heat output of an appliance. Calorimeter-room techniques are well established, and the figures are widely accepted. In fact, the Wood Heating Alliance (a wood stove manufacturers' trade association) labels wood stoves for certifiable calorimeter-room efficiency. This is a voluntary program, though, and so far, few manufacturers have opted to pay the tab for the rather expensive procedure.
A sometimes less expensive approach to measuring heater efficiency is to make an indirect determination by looking at what comes out of the chimney. The stack-loss efficiency method, as it's called, is widely practiced — and widely disputed. It has the advantage of giving separate combustion and heat-transfer efficiency numbers, but the overall efficiency derived from those readings is less dependable than the number provided by a calorimeter room. Stack loss measures the stack temperature and "counts" the quantity of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and other compounds in a stove's exhaust, and then subtracts the fuel value that was lost out of the chimney from the energy that was available in the fuel.
This technique is sensitive to assumptions made about what the chemical makeup of the fuel was in the first place. Since wood from different parts of trees and from trees of different ages is used in tests, it's hard to be certain about the exact composition of any given pound of wood. To show what can happen, Jay Shelton cited an example from a study he and Dennis Jaasma are doing for the U.S. Department of Energy. "If one changes the estimate of the amount of hydrogen in wood by 1% — and this is a difference of opinion that actually exists between testing labs in the U.S. and Canada — the overall efficiency of the appliance can be altered by as much as 15%."
When you're judging appliances according to their overall efficiencies, then, it's important to know what testing method was used. Calorimeter measurements appear to be pretty dependable; but if the appliance has been tested by stack loss, you should take the results with a grain of salt. Recent studies sponsored by the Wood Heating Alliance show that the overall efficiency of a given appliance measured by calorimetry is usually lower than the rating provided by stack loss measurement. Further, stack-loss efficiencies from two labs aren't always comparable. If you're comparing numbers generated by the same testing facility, though, you're on more solid ground. Because that lab probably will have used the same assumptions and techniques, the reported overall efficiencies are more likely to be comparable. And what if the salesperson at your local stove store has no idea what a stack loss is, let alone who did the testing? Well, at least you can take comfort in the thought that the manufacturer had enough confidence in its product to actually have someone test it.
Cloudy Questions
But what of the emissions regulations? If you're not confident of advertised efficiency figures, are the figures supplied on labels required for emissions standards likely to direct you to the right wood stove? Well, maybe.
Oregon's testing protocol has generated a fair amount of controversy among wood-combustion research scientists. Because it's likely that the DEQ regulations will serve as the model for many other states, it's particularly important that the test methods be the best possible. The ideal approach would be both accurate and inexpensive.
For the time being, Oregon is using a traditional method of sampling particulates, called Oregon Method 7 (OM7). Other systems — such as an inexpensive particulate sampler made by the Condar Company — may, after suitable testing, be deemed equivalent to OM7 by DEQ.
OM7 uses a complicated sampling apparatus that requires constant attention from skilled technicians, plus extensive post-test labor. As a result, the Oregon four-run test series costs at least $6,000 (plus a $1,600 first- time, and $800 subsequent, certification fees). It's the most complicated and expensive particulate sampling method in common use today. Does it yield superior accuracy? No one knows, because no one knows exactly how to relate what the OM7 samplers capture to what happens to wood smoke when it enters the atmosphere. What are OM7's advantages? Results can be roughly compared to the various versions of the Environmental Protection Agency's Modified Method 5, for which a great deal of data exists. Also, the DEQ is accustomed to using it to measure pollution from wood kilns.
Furthermore, the DEQ has decided that overall efficiencies—from which the particulate loading per unit of energy is calculated—can be measured with equal accuracy by stack loss or calorimetry at different qualified laboratories. We've already mentioned some of the reasons why experts think that this may not be true.
What does this mean to you when you go stove shopping? First, the Oregon DEQ efficiency and emission curves may not be accurate enough measures upon which to base a decision between two high-performance stoves. And second, the cost of developing and testing to DEQ standards may cut out some small but innovative manufacturers. As is the case in most industries, there's not much reason to assume that products from bigger, better-financed companies are necessarily of higher quality.
Still, the Oregon DEQ's label does have value. As Dennis Jaasma put it, "I have no doubt that wood stoves that pass Oregon standards will be cleaner-burning than the average airtight sold during the last five years."
The Technology
Catalysts are, at present, the preferred technology for reducing emissions and increasing efficiency from wood stoves. Similar in concept to an automotive afterburner, the catalytic combustor in a wood stove allows unburned or partially burned material in wood smoke to be ignited at about 500°F, as opposed to the 1,100°F temperatures normally required. If there is an adequate amount of oxygen in the smoke, and if the two are well mixed, the combustion efficiency of a stove equipped with a catalyst can exceed 90%.
Designing a high-performance catalytic stove isn't as simple as sticking one of the honeycombed monoliths into a heater's stove pipe, however. The trick is to get the catalyst operating quickly (which requires that hot gases be introduced), maintain a proper and thorough mix of oxygen and smoke, have the right size catalyst for the stove (so that the gases spend an adequate length of time inside the combustor), and then extract heat from the catalyst's exhaust without cooling the monolith too much. Once all these criteria have been met, the catalyst must be flexibly mounted and protected from direct flames, so that it won't fail from thermal stress.
There are many stoves on the market that are equipped with catalysts, and they all probably work somewhat better than the conventional airtight heater. But some definitely work better than others, and the lifespan of the catalyst is proving to be a major downfall of a few designs. In the past, metal fabrication skill was the major expertise required if a person was interested in going into the wood stove business. No more. Today's wood stove designer must have an understanding of combustion and the patience and skill to work through extensive testing and revision using sensitive instruments.
Many companies can't or aren't willing to develop new designs to meet the stringent emission requirements that are emerging. Some will drop out of the market, while others will buy licensed designs from other companies. Dr. Stockton Barnett, of the Condar Company, has developed a high-performance, freestanding catalyst design that's licensed for use by over a dozen manufacturers. Most of these heaters can already meet the 1988 Oregon regulations, and they offer calorimeter overall efficiencies (depending on the particular model) of about 65 to 75%. According to Barnett, "Many catalytics can already meet the regulations, but the 1988 9-g/hr limit for noncatalytics in Oregon will be more difficult for manufacturers to attain."
B.V. Alvarez, who is a former MOTHER EARTH NEWS researcher and designer of the catalyst-equipped Tech Series fireplace insert for Cesco Industries of Roanoke, Virginia, also claims that the 1988 Oregon DEQ catalyst limit is within reach. His 1984 Blaze King model should slide comfortably under the 4-g/hr limit judging by its Omni Environmental Services Test Results, which measured a stack-loss overall efficiency of 75 to 80% (depending on burn rate). Alvarez states, "The Tech Series is a second-generation catalytic heater, and I can definitely see room for improvement in the third. Therefore, I'm not very sympathetic toward manufacturers who claim that the 1988 4-g/hr limit can't be met."
Knock on Wood
Though some wood stove manufacturers are viewing the arrival of emissions regulations with trepidation, the attendant improvement in heaters will benefit those who actually use them. If you pay $100 for a cord of wood and burn four cords per year, an advanced catalytic design will save you $120 annually in wood alone. If you're having your chimney cleaned two or three times per season, a new-technology heater will cut that to one sweeping. That could mean as much as another $100 saved each winter. And if you cut your own wood, you know what the labor is worth to you.
But can we put a dollar figure on health? The evidence seems clear that burning wood in airtight heaters is seriously affecting air quality. This pollution doesn't come from a power plant hundreds of miles away; it's coming from the chimney that sticks out of your roof, and you can do something about it.
Who's Regulating
At present, only two states—Oregon and Colorado—have passed wood stove emission laws. However, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Washington, Wyoming, and Utah have state-based studies of the problem under way. All of the New England states, along with New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware, are looking at emissions on a regional basis. The Tennessee Valley Authority is also studying the question in depth. Don't be surprised if you find local restrictions on burning in California, Idaho, Montana, or Nevada.
And what of the federal government? There are no immediate plans to regulate wood stove emissions directly, but the problem is being analyzed. The EPA's research division is looking into the reduction that catalysts may offer in cancer-causing polynuclear compounds. Next year, they hope to begin studying the rate of degradation of catalysts — information which has so far been available only from the manufacturers. The upshot of the EPA's examination of catalysts could be an application of the "bubble policy" that's been widely used with the steel industry. Were this to prove feasible, an industry might be allowed to emit more particulates than would normally be permitted, if it installed catalytic combustors on residential wood stoves in the area.
In Canada, work on an efficiency and emissions labeling program is underway as of this writing. No one knows yet if general minimum performance standards will be part of the program, but it is likely that participants in the Canadian Oil Substitution Program of subsidies will have to meet certain minimum levels of efficiency and emissions.


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Pittsburgh Steelers rookie Daniel McCullers grew up fat, shy and a popular target for bullies. Now the biggest player in the 2014 draft is looking to make his mark with the Steelers
PITTSBURGH—The man with the Herculean hands isn't interested in the regular menu sitting at the edge of the table. Instead he's poring over the SkinnyLicious selections with foreseen disappointment, like a Sommelier surveying the wine selection at Walmart. He's been here once before, when his girlfriend came down from Chicago upon his arrival in Pittsburgh last week. "Do you want to go to the Cheesecake Factory?" she asked. "No," he responded in his low tenor, having never eaten there. "I don't want any cheesecake right now."
"Well," she said, "they have other stuff."
His hands aren't noticeably big, until you shake one of them. Fingers as thick as prescription drug bottles envelop your baby-man grip and you understand that they could probably turn your carpals and metacarpals into sawdust if he really felt like it. But he doesn't get pissed off easily or, really, at all. He doesn't speak much either. This will be the longest interview Daniel McCullers has ever given.
At a Cheesecake Factory.
Over a SkinnyLicious flatbread.
They call him Big Dan. He's 6-foot-7 and about 360 pounds at the moment, making him the largest player selected in the 2014 NFL draft. He has the next-tallest man beat by 60 pounds, and the next-heaviest man by six inches. Here's the scary thing: Big Dan does not have a gut. You can see his trapezoid muscles bulging through the back of his loose-fitting black t-shirt. Upon arriving at Pittsburgh's rookie minicamp as a sixth-round pick last weekend, Big Dan's body fat measured 20%. At 21-years-old, he's what a physician would call "healthy," a percentage point shy of "overweight" and far south of "obese."
"I'm just big-boned," he says, echoing his maternal grandma as he accepts, with considerable disdain, a smaller-than-expected sheet of dried bread, dull white cheese and sausage. The aproned waiter senses the urgency of the moment and asks if that will be enough for Big Dan.
"Can I also have a Caesar salad… with chicken?"
Growing up in North Carolina Dan didn't always have this kind of control, ordering low-calorie options at calorie-swamped restaurants. At Southeast Raleigh High there was a time when he weighed over 400 pounds. Before that, he was a 270-pound 12-year-old. He went out for the North Garner Middle School football team and was turned away after the first day of tryouts with no explanation other than "our team is already set." Dan knew the real reason: "I couldn't run a sprint without dying." That year, says Dan's older sister, Deonica, the football team kept a girl on the roster.
"No one gave him a chance until high school," says Deonica, 23. "He tells me not to tell anyone that, but look at where he is now."
The gridiron rejection compounded the bullying Dan experienced in elementary and middle school. Once kids figured out he wasn't inclined to slug them over an insult, they poured on the fat jokes. His support system in Raleigh was an unorthodox one. His mother, Phyllis McCullers, spent much of the 1990's on probation for separate cases: larceny and possession of drug paraphernalia. His father, Marcus Sanders, has a rap sheet covering the better part of three decades. Sanders' first run-in with the Raleigh Police, a DWI in 1987, was followed by 15 more convictions, culminating in a felony conviction for cocaine possession in late 2011. Both of them, say Dan and Deonica, were addicts. Deonica recalls the time that, as a teenager, she learned of her mother's location at a drug den and stormed the premises on a rescue mission.
"My mom's struggle really affected my brother," Deonica says. "I don't judge. God puts people through different battles. That was my parents' test."
Deonica tried to hide the realities from Dan and his younger sister, Dakita, but the siblings understood why they lived with their grandparents.
"Sometimes I'd think, Why can't I be with my father?" Dan says. "But they were going through their problems, so I stayed with my grandparents and I was cool with that."
The McCullers were a tight clan. They kept mom and dad at a distance, and mom recognized she shouldn't be around her children in her condition, Deonica says. The household grew emotionally dependent on Deonica, an honor roll student and a self-described "strong black woman." They went to school together and prayed together. And they ate together. A lot.
A recent graduate of North Carolina Central's political science program, Deonica is model thin (Dakita too). As kids though, it was more obvious that Deonica and Big Dan were brother and sister. Their grandfather, Donnie Ray, weighed 400 pounds when he was younger. The grandparents were wise enough to keep the parents away, but no one in the McCullers home had a firm grasp on proper nutrition. Grandma fixed three meals a day. There was fried chicken, baked chicken, candied yams, turnip salad, boiled potatoes, collard greens, squash, macaroni and cheese, turkey, lasagna, spaghetti, chicken, steak, chicken-fried steak, bread rolls, pineapple cake, chocolate cake, sweet potato pie… Between meals, Dan snacked on potato chips and fruit gummies.
There was a feast every Sunday, and lunch was nothing like the chicken Caesar salad Big Dan picks at at the Cheesecake Factory. Or the "nothing but greens" meals his girlfriend whips up when they're together.
Donnie Ray has a pig smoker in the backyard. He would cook a pig whole and eat everything, even the eyes. The kids ate the chitlins (intestine) and feet until they found it gross.
They didn't want for anything but the attention of their parents, who are now sober, Deonica says. Donnie Ray, a former prison guard, didn't want Dan playing football. But Deonica the cheerleader insisted he try out again as a freshman. Dan showed up on the first day and all but refused to speak to his inquisitive coaches.
"We're like, who is this big ol' kid," says former Southeast defensive coordinator Marvin Burke. "Daniel wouldn't say a word. Finally he told us where he went to middle school and that his sister went to the high school. Then we went and asked the sister questions."
Dan had been picked on so much, Deonica says, "he felt he needed to be quiet to avoid attention."
As a 270-pound 12-year-old, he went out for the middle school team and was turned away after the first day of tryouts. The team kept a girl on the roster.
Burke rode him for the next three years, running him and two other big boys into the dirt at every opportunity. Before he was Big Dan or Mount McCullers or Man Mountain, he was Burke's "Big Baby." When Burke wanted Dan to rise to an occasion in practice, he'd tell him he was "softer than baby tissue." Dan would get upset, then he'd get a tackle for loss. In a game against rival Garner High, the offense ran a trap play at Dan with an interior blindside block. Dan stuffed the swinging lineman, stuffed the ballcarrier, then reached in and tore the ball out of his hands. He secured the loose ball with one hand. Upon jogging to the sidelines with teammates hollering congratulations, Burke went to get in on the fun.
"I'm trying to chest bump him and he's looking at me like, Coach, no," Burke says. "He just went and sat down. But you could tell he cared."
If they couldn't get him fired up, they planned to at least help him slim down. He would make progress, then return after a break with 20 extra pounds. At one point during senior year he weighed 420. College programs dismissed him for the most part, figuring he was sloppy big and unmotivated. Then they saw him get in a stance and blow off the ball. Even at 400 pounds, he could dunk a basketball.
With a 1.8 GPA, he landed at Georgia Military College on scholarship. The summer and early-fall heat was oppressive, the danger of passing out very real. Dan drank a lot of water and ate a lot of baked chicken and flavorless white rice. The pounds melted off again. Derek Dooley's staff at Tennessee welcomed him in January 2012 and plugged a 360-pound McCullers into their 3-4 defense at nose tackle. After the season, he earned a third-round grade from the draft advisory board. Only then did he think he might have a future in football.
"I was thinking the NFL was such a high level," Dan says. "Then I saw that third-round grade and I figured somebody liked me."
He returned for his senior season to add a little polish. But Dooley was fired, and new coach Butch Jones installed a 4-3 defense that required defensive tackles to get significant penetration. Big Dan is a roadblock, not a panzer. Beyond that, coaches had a difficult time understanding his demeanor. That spring, players and coaches were shocked to see Dan step in for a teammate in a one-on-one hitting drill, drive the man back 25 yards and dump him on his back. The teammate had previously punked one of Dan's friends, says UT defensive line coach Steve Stripling.
"He never said much," Stripling says, "but you would hear that he was very much one of the boys, clowning around with his peers."
Spend an hour with Dan and the jokester shines through.
His death-row-last-meal request: "Everything from KFC."
I ask him if he's any good at Madden. "Yea, I'm probably the best," he says. At Tennessee? Of the Steelers' rookies? "In the game… like, in the world."
A UT assistant coach once asked Dan if he ever gets pissed.
Dan: "Once."
He relays one laugh-out-loud combine anecdote: While most of the questions from teams were cookie cutter and repetitive, the Browns tested prospects' problem-solving abilities. With the camera rolling, the question was: You have one minute: Name all the different things you can do with a brick.
Dan hesitated for a moment. Well, you can build a house, and you can build a mailbox…
"And then I kind of froze up, and I just stared at the camera. I didn't know what to say. I was trying to keep it normal. I didn't want to say smash somebody in the face or smash a window."
There were more serious questions too, coming from several teams that wondered if Dan actually loved football. Tennessee coaches could testify to flashes of on-field brilliance. They knew Dan but they didn't really know him. Coaches and scouts asked him, "Do you love the game?"
"I got that a couple times from certain teams," Dan says. "My agent would tell me, teams were kind of iffy because they thought I didn't have the passion for the game. But I do love the game. I love being around my teammates. I love playing football. I wouldn't be out there killing myself for no reason."
On draft day he fell past the third, all the way to the last selection of Round 6, pick 215. But he wasn't angry. All he wants, he says, is an opportunity.
Today he's got a locker, team-issued clothes, a room at the Spring Hill Suites down the street from the team facility and a brand new driver's license, his first. His locker is across from Troy Polamalu's, leaving him in awe on Day 1. At lunch he finishes all the Caesar salad he dare, leaving half of it for the amused waiter to take away. He remembers his biggest transformation to date—when he arrived in Knoxville for his senior year at 347 pounds, 13 fewer than he was a few months back. He spent that summer eating alone in what had been his cholesterol mecca, Grandma's house. Within sniffing distance of her buffet, he prepared the plastic bag, pre-made salads they sell at the Food Lion down the street. Torture.
"It was worth it," he says.

subset: commoncrawl


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UFC FIGHT NIGHT: Kennedy vs Natal Event Gallery
November 06, 2013
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UFC FIGHT NIGHT: Kennedy vs Natal on November 6, 2013 in Fort Campbell, Kentucky.
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Preston -
The question you pose below is a very important one but also one that's not easy to get at. A lot of the earlier critical study of scripture was devoted to taking the text apart, trying to determine different sources, when they may have been written, their theological emphases &c. While sometimes the critics got carried away with this and were overconfident about the "assured results" of biblical research in this regard, that analytical work was an essential step. It could not, however, be the last word. Having taken the text apart & studied the pieces, we need to put it back together. That has led, 1st, to the work called "redaction criticism," in which the process (redaction - or sometimes I just call it editing) of putting material from different sources to form, one of the gospels, is studied. Then "canonical criticism" is the study of the different parts of scripture as part of their canonical whole. I.e., Genesis is not just chapters 1-50 but those chapters as a part of the OT or of the whole Bible.
I should say at this point that the very idea of the canon is rejected by some "religious studies" people for whom the canon is essentially arbitrary. But for anything like traditional Christianity it's crucial. The apocryphal gospels are interesting & can be helpful in understanding the development of Christianity, but they are not part of the authoritative scripture.
OK, your question is how the redactional process took place to give us the final form of the Pentateuch & Genesis in particular. Unfortunately we have very little information about how that took place. The "documentary hypothesis" was that the sources of the Pentateuch were documents called the J (by the Yahwist, but that begins with J in German), E (Elohist), D (Deuteronomist) and P (Priestly). The way this hypothesis used to be presented did sometimes give the picture of a scissors and paste job, someone gluing the different parts together in a sometimes clumsy way. I certainly don't think it happened that way. For starters, we don't even know that there were "documents" rather than, e.g., oral tradition for much of this. But whatever we call them, they are integrated much more skillfully than that picture suggests. The very fact that for centuries not only common people but biblical scholars could read these texts and only occasionally sense some discontinuity shows that. Once one becomes aware of the possibility of sources and starts looking for evidence of them - e.g., when there are what look like duplications of essentially the same story or apparent discrepancies (why is Hagar carrying her 16 or 17 year old son in Gen.21:14-15) - you can find them. But there clearly was an attempt to compose a unified text.
However, that doesn't mean that it was all made internally consistent in the way that a modern western academic might want. If we were combining sources and wanted to preserve the integrity of each we'd clearly indicate which piece came from which source with footnotes or different font or something like that. (See, e.g., a modern edition of The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle or something like that.) If we just wanted a single account to replace the individual sources we'd eliminate the duplications and get rid of the discrepancies. Moses wouldn't get called by God twice in Exodus and his father in law wouldn't have different names in different places. And we'd be sure that there were no theological differences - God wouldn't disapprove of Israel having a king in some parts of I Samuel and OK it in others. But these things apparently didn't bother the Israelites who gave us the present form of our text.
Unfortunately we don't know how the redactors thought about that. Were they simply not aware of some of these differences? That seems hard to imagine but today intelligent people can miss those differences and even vigorously resist the idea that there are any. Did they see a higher theological unity? Or did they simply see texts that are apparently contradictory (like the provisions for sacrifice in Leviticus and the condemnations of sacrifice by the prophets) as both inspired and therefore needing to be preserved? (If the latter, however, they didn't just put them together "mindlessly.)
Those are legitimate questions but in the end we need to get beyond just the intentions of writers and redactors and take seriously the idea that scripture is inspired, not only in writing but also in rbinging together its parts. And while some theologians would object to it, I think there's some truth in the old idea of a sensus plenior, a "fuller sense" of scripture than what the original writers and redactors understood. I.e., the one whose intentions are ultimately important is not the human writers or editors but the Holy Spirit.
----- Original Message -----
From: "Preston Garrison" <firstname.lastname@example.com>
To: "George Murphy" <firstname.lastname@example.com>; "ASA list" <email@example.com>
Sent: Tuesday, March 24, 2009 1:29 AM
Subject: Re: [asa] A question on Genesis
> George,
> I don't really disagree with anything you say. But I remain unclear
> on one thing. Do you think that anyone put the sources together with
> a unified intention, or did someone simply assemble them in a more or
> less mindless way because they were all highly regarded, and they
> just thought they should all be available together? Or do you have
> some other view?
> Obviously, any such view is a matter of literary and theological
> judgement based on the text itself aided by the kind of information
> about the culture and history and such that Dick puts together. So
> what do you think - relatively mindless assembly, perhaps by a
> committee, or a unified viewpoint?
> Preston
>>In order to respond adequately I need to say some preliminary things
>>about theology.
>>Theology is, in essence, thinking about what we belief - "faith in
>>search of understanding" in the classic phrase. There is "one
>>faith" (Eph.4:5) but believers in different contexts with different
>>concerns will think & speak about the faith in different ways.
>>Theological consensus then does not mean that we must all think &
>>speak in the same way but that our different theologies must in some
>>sense be equivalent.
>>I find it helpful to make an analogy with physics here. Different
>>observers in different reference frames will see things differently
>>and measure some quantities (e.g., lengths and times) differently.
>>What Einstein did with relativity theory was to provide a
>>transformation that relates observations in one frame to those in
>>another frame moving with respect to the first, and require that
>>the true laws of physics be invariant (or technically, covariant)
>>under this transformation - i.e., be of such a form that they are
>>valid in every frame. In a similar way, a valid theological
>>expression of the Christian faith must be properly related to other
>>valid expressions of the faith. (Lest anyone be concerned about
>>"relativism," remember that in relativity everything is NOT
>>relative. There are absolutes - e.g., the speed of light.)
>>The different biblical writers thought about and expressed the faith
>>of Israel & the church in different ways - i.e., they had different
>>theologies. In the NT, e.g., the way that Paul speaks about law,
>>faith, righteousness and other matters is different from the way
>>Matthew speaks about them. The different gospel writers have
>>differing theological emphases. Luke, e.g., likes to emphasise the
>>theme of prayer. In the Johannine books Jesus is the Word of God
>>while other NT writers use the picture of him as Holy Wisdom. This
>>does not mean that the different writers simply "contradict"one
>>another! But it takes some serious reflection to see gow the
>>theology of one writer is the "transform" of another writer's
>>To illustrate this for classes I've often given a handout that has
>>two texts about the death of Lincoln - one from a good historian's
>>(Benjamin Thomas) bio of Lincoln and the other Walt Whitman's poem
>>"O Captain! My Captain!" They of course speak of Lincoln's death
>>in very different ways - one focusing literally "Just the facts" and
>>the other very figuratively on the meaning of Lincoln's death. It
>>would be utterly wrong to try to "harmonize" them historically.
>>Even their views of the significance of the event differ because one
>>was written just after it happened & the other ~ 90 years later.
>>But it would be even more wrong to say that they "contradict" one
>>Turning now to the Pentateuch, and Genesis in particular,
>>theological differences among the different "sources" that critical
>>scholars have discerned can be seen. What is called the P source
>>shows a much greater concern than the others for ritual matters,
>>e.g. (That's where the P comes from - it's the Priestly source.)
>>You see that already in the first creation account with the 7 day
>>framework, pointing to the Sabbath. & in fact there are other
>>differences between the 1st & 2d account. In one we have a
>>sovereign God who brings things into being effortlessly by his
>>command alone while in the other God literally gets down in the dirt
>>to create the human. That's a difference of theological expression.
>>& scripture is richer for that difference. It gives a broader
>>picture of Israel's God than either account separately. God is, to
>>use later philosophical language, both transcendent and immanent.
>>We would be poorer for it if we had only one account, which is just
>>one reason why many of the attempts to "harmonize" the two is so
>>unfortunate. The situation is similar with the four gospels.
>>How can we say that these different views aren't contradictory? One
>>basic reason is that they are all included in the canon of
>>scripture. In fact it's the canon that in a sense that gives us the
>>limits of permissible theological diversity. Not all theologies are
>>----- Original Message -----
>>From: "Preston Garrison" <<mailto:email@example.com>email@example.com>
>>To: "George Murphy" <<mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com>firstname.lastname@example.com>
>>Sent: Monday, March 23, 2009 6:49 PM
>>Subject: Re: [asa] A question on Genesis
>> > >
>>>>This is not to say that no harmonizations of such texts are
>>>>appropriate. But it should be theological harmonization rather than
>>> The reason I think we should look for coherence in the story and very
>>> likely a single author who used source materials is because the
>>> theological perspective seems to be consistent. It looks like someone
>>> put it together to tell a set of related stories from a very
>>> consistent theological perspective, just as Dante and Milton did.
>>> Preston
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Home / Class Photographs / Mrs.S. Mukherjee with class 11B students
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Disclaimer : St. Patrick's H.S. School, Asansol has not accepted any donation for development of school infrastructure or other school related activities in the past. Donations made in the past using the good name of the school have not been channelized to the school nor does the school solicit such donations.
Copyright © 2019. All Rights Reserved St. Patrick's H.S. School, Asansol.


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by Jim Harris
China spies on the USA; the USA spies on Google; Google spies on the American people; the American people spy on celebrities like Kim Kardashian and Kanye West, and God spies on everyone.
It's called the cycle of life, and it's been going on since Cain spied on Abel, but people don't want to think about it because they like to pretend that they're free. Which is why there's been such a kerfuffle since government contractor Edward Snowden publicly revealed that the National Security Agency (NSA) has been monitoring the phone lines of millions of Americans and tapping into the data banks of the world's largest internet providers.
This has resulted in an avalanche of angry letters to the NSA, of which the following few are representative.
• I am General Charles "Chuck" Applegate, U.S. Border Patrol, retired. If the founding fathers could see what's happening to our freedom today, they would puke. They would at least wretch. And Jefferson, wow, he'd flip his wig. He'd probably get so angry that he'd punch one of his slaves or something. We real Americans don't need wiretaps or Obamacare to keep us safe. All we need is the constitution, an arsenal of assault weapons, and a heavily fortified garage.
• My name is Farouk El Kabong. I'm an al Qaeda operative. I am an expert on suicide bombing. Well, as expert as one can get without actually blowing oneself up. Anyway, I've been trying to get on your radar for years. I've made hundreds of hour-long phone calls to al Qaeda headquarters, talking loudly about plots and such. I even called your office several times, but all I got was a message that said, "This is the NSA; we're busy spying right now. Please leave a message. Oh wait, don't bother, we've already got your number. Ha ha ha ha!" Very funny. I really think you need to invite me in to your office for interrogation. I'm available every day next week except Friday.
• Hello. I am a 42-year-old unemployed actor living with my parents. I am quite jealous of this Snowden fellow. He's already got his own page on Wikipedia. His name is on everyone's lips. He's a high school dropout, for God's sake. I would kill for that kind of publicity. We'll, metaphorically, of course. Listen, I'm a high school graduate, and I'd love to make $200,000 sitting at a computer. Can I have his job? I promise I won't leak any information.
• Greetings. I'm the CEO of the Acme Novelty Company in Hoboken. Since your agency appears to be having trouble using new-fangled electronic spying equipment, I would like to suggest some manually operated, time-tested devices that will vastly improve your spying capabilities. Our biggest seller is "X-ray Specs." They really work. See terrorists through mud walls! See what they're hiding under those smocks! Also useful is our "Around-the Corner Periscope," just like the kind found in submarines. Made of sturdy reinforced cardboard. Free shipping on all orders of five million units or more.
• Hi. This is President Obama. Good job, guys. So let's see if I've got this straight. You troll the world for evidence of terrorism but can't spot a fox in your own henhouse. Then, after weeks of investigating the situation, you come up with the shocking discovery that Snowden stole the information using… a thumb drive! And then, after he embarrasses you (and me) before the entire planet and flees to Hong Kong, you make a big deal out of announcing the fact that he's been fired. Boy, I'll bet he's sorry now. So anyway, in order to cover my rear, I've had to call for an open debate on the whole situation. Just make sure you cover these debates and get data on everyone who participates. Think you can handle that?
So, dear readers, these are just a few examples of letters to the NSA. I would encourage all of you to send your own thoughts, comments, photos, favorite recipes, whatever, to: The National Security Agency, 9800 Savage Rd., Fort Meade, MD 20755
I'm sure they'd love to hear from you.


text:
When it comes to innovations in safety and driver aids, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Volvo, and a few other brands have long led the way, particularly in the realm of the use of technology to those ends. But the latest and greatest innovations in the field are often limited to a handful of the upper-tier cars from each brand, or at the least, beyond the reach of those that aren't buying luxury brands. That may soon change, at least in regard to driver alertness technology. Mercedes-Benz and Volvo have had their own driver alertness monitoring/warning systems for several years now, but Bosch has just announced its own system, which may see the technology expand into the mainstream. Bosch is one of the industry's largest suppliers, providing components and systems for many of the best cars on the road--including the likes of Mercedes, BMW, and Volvo. The Bosch Drowsiness Detection System is its own solution to the driver alertness issue, and can be implemented in nearly any car, with the right equipment. It uses information from either the electric power steering system or the stability control system to evaluate driver inputs and look for signs of drowsiness. Using the existing sensors means expensive radar- or camera-based sensors aren't required, lowering the cost and making it more suitable to less-expensive cars. One of the first to feature the new Drowsiness Detection System is the Volkswagen Passat Alltrack, unveiled at the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show last November, and shown in the U.S. as a concept at the 2012 New York Auto Show--it's not yet settled whether the Alltrack will be sold in the U.S. But the real question is, with high-tech safety systems becoming more commoditized, with the Drowsiness Detection System as an example, are we primed for a wider prevalence of what was once the province of the upper tier of the luxury market--even just a few years ago? Perhaps. We've already seen similar widespread implementation of navigation, voice controls, and other once-high-tech features. Modern CAN (Controller Area Network) bus systems sharing information on the fly and offering a modular upgrade capability make adding a system like Bosche's a matter of tapping into the network and sending the proper messages once the hardware is in place. And with supplier production and the resultant volume, prices will likely fall, making it more accessible. This story originally appeared at Motor Authority
Read more posts on Motor Authority »


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More Battlefield 3 Beta Performance Results: GTX 460, Radeon HD 5850 and 9800 GT!
Subject: Graphics Cards | September 29, 2011 - 05:54 PM | Ryan Shrout
Tagged: bf3, battlefield 3, nvidia, amd, geforce, radeon, gtx 460, hd 5850, 9800 gt
I just wanted to drop a quick note here on the home page to let you know that we haven't been just playing around on Battlefield 3 all day - instead we have been playing around on BF3 all day in order to bring you some more information about performance in the game! Earlier this afternoon I updated my Battlefield 3 Beta Performance article with a new page that focuses on results from the GeForce GTX 460 1GB, the AMD Radeon HD 5850 1GB and the GeForce 9800 GT 512MB card for those of you that are really behind the curve in the upgrade cycle.
What's this? The Caspian map? Performance results soon!
I would recommend you check out that new content to see where you hardware might fall and hopefully over the weekend we are going to be putitng together a system guide similar to our own Hardware Leaderboard but targetted at the BF3 gaming experience. Stay tuned!!


text:
Checkmate (Clip 3)
The Vampire King has grown tired of his endless battle against Marceline.
Cartoon Network is home to your favourite cartoons with hundreds of free online games for kids. Play games online with Cartoon Network characters from Adventure Time, Gumball, Ben 10, Regular Show, The Powerpuff Girls, We Bare Bears, Teen Titans, Steven Universe, Uncle Grandpa and many more. Save the Candy Kingdom with Finn and Jake or hang out with Gumball. There's adventure games, puzzle games, action, activity and sports games for you to play on Cartoon Network online, where the fun never stops.
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text:
Chimney Top Cache GCVTH7 GEOCACHE OF THE WEEK – April 23, 2012
A four hour hike through the rugged West Virginia mountains reveals a 360 degree view of untamed wilderness and one of the most popular geocaches in the state. Chimney Top Cache (GCVTH7) is rated a difficulty 4, terrain 4.5. SenecaRocks hid the traditional cache at the scenic location in 2006. More than 70 geocachers have logged smileys on the cache – including groups of celebrating major milestones.
A group of geocachers joined jbgrug for Chimney Top cache that pushed him to another milestone. He logged, "5,000th cache find for me. This cache is one I will never forget. I was invited to go for this one as a milestone by some of the best cachers and friends a person could have…I want to thank the cache owner for putting this great cache in an area with such a great view."
The cache owner writes the reason why he chose this location to place a geocache, "This cache is along the North Fork Mountain Trail, which has been considered the most scenic trail in West Virginia by OUTSIDE magazine and others. If this trail is the best for scenery in the state (I think it is), then Chimney Top would be the golden crown upon this king of trails." Other geocachers agree. Nearly 80% of the Premium Members who logged this geocache rewarded it with a Favorite Point.
Continue to explore some of the most engaging geocaches around the globe. Check out all the Geocaches of the Week on the Latitude 47 blog or view the Bookmark List on Geocaching.com.
If you' d like to nominate a Geocache of the Week, send an email with your name, comments, the name of the geocache, and the GC code to firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Towards Two More Beautiful Bathrooms
A big weekend for us, watching in awe as my contractor brother James ripped two of our bathrooms out and started making them beautiful. My personal bathroom had been paneled with cedar painted white (umm), boasted a clunky plywood vanity sink base, and sported some old showerboard around the tub.
Travertine, James said laconically. I didn't know what that was, but he assured me I wanted some around the tub. Turns out I did. It's beautiful stone something.
Fresh painted walls and a pedestal sink to come.
And upstairs in Clara and Bella's bathroom, the showerboard was even more dreadful (there was more of it), and it was replaced by fresh white tiles. And the linoleum floor got pulled up, and black and white tiles are going down. And the plaid wallpaper is facing some numbered days. Glory.
With three very hard-working men in the house, and three of us running massive long runs, a dinner with *presence* was in order, but I only had a chicken in the house.
•Creamed Chicken over Biscuits•
Gently simmer a whole chicken in a large pot, almost covered with vegetable or chicken broth. Keep the lid on and the heat low until the chicken is quite tender.
Remove it from the broth to cool, and take the meat off the bones, pulling it into bite-size pieces.
In a large skillet, heat 1 1/2 sticks of butter over a low heat, and whisk in
2/3 cup flour.
Cook and whisk for a minute.
Whisk in 4 cups of the broth you cooked the chicken in, then add
3 cups of milk or half and half.
Whisk and cook a little more, then begin seasoning the cream sauce with about 1/4 cup of sherry, the juice of a lemon, lots of salt and pepper, and about a 1/2 t. nutmeg. Use a heavy hand with the seasoning, and when it tastes like the best fried chicken gravy you can imagine, stir the chicken into it and serve it over fresh, hot biscuits, but only to people who are really in need of calories.
This will serve about ten big eaters.
(mostly from Joy of Cooking)


text: carolina-chuck 2,761 Report post Posted November 24, 2012 This argument can't be serious... We have two of the top ten scoring point guards in the league. We have one of the worst front scoring tandem's in the league. If we take out Sessions and Kemba this team would just be awful. What the Cat's truly miss is a good power forward and a good center. Haywood, Biyombo, Mullens, and Thomas are good back ups, but this team needs a solid starting unit before we start talking about competing. Right now are unit is good enough to get us to the playoffs, but we all know the long term goal... an NBA Championship. Oh and don't give me the argument against scoring point guards. I would take a guy like Kyrie Irving, Russell Westbrook, or Kemba Walker against any pass first point guard in the NBA except Rondo and Paul. Irving and Westbrook are far more prolific passers than Kemba. I love Kemba when he was at UCONN but the kid is a shooting PG. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Aries Spears Sides With Ice-T "I Will Woop Soulja Boy's a$$ In A Rap Battle & I Dont Even Rap" [Audio Only]
Comedian Aries Spears goes on to say that Ice-T Is A Legend and has the right to say whatever he wants to say. He also says that the quality of hip hop nowadays is terrible.
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The Basics:
While the Paradigm Servo 15v2 Subwoofer weighs in at 115 lbs. and measures an sizeable 20" H x 18" W x 21" D, it can still be a manageable part of your music system or home theater system. The same can be said for its suggested retail price of $2,500, which makes it affordable.
Subwoofers are crucial components for home theaters in order to deliver dynamic and detailed sound. It can also be vital to support the bass when listening to music. The Servo 15v2 lives up these two functions and integrates easily into high-end home theater systems. In addition, even though it is quite large, it still allows for easy integration into larger and small rooms.
Encased in a sealed, acoustic suspension design enclosure with a 15" woofer in the front, the Servo 15v2 Subwoofer has a die cast aluminum basket, an 8 layer 3" voice coil, solid aluminum heat sink, dual-duty spiders, and a 29 lb magnet structure. It is both state-of-the-art in looks and sound/technical performance.
It's large size is essential to its performance since it accommodates high-end systems, including placement of high excursion drivers and amplifiers that can deliver 4,500 watts peak as well as 1,500 watts continuous into it. The Servo 15v2's large size also allows for all the connections and controls most audiophiles need, including single-ended and balanced line-ins, continuously variable phase, crossover, bass contour, volume, and multiple power sources, among many other controls.
The Upside:
Among its "upsides" is the sizeable 15-inch driver that produces powerful dynamic bass response whether you are watching a movie or listening to music. The driver moves a great deal of air to deliver true power.
Integrating the Paradigm Servo 15v2 Subwoofer into your music or home theater system is trouble-free. Thanks to its flexible power settings, controls, and inputs, setup is fairly straightforward. If you are just in the process of designing your system, the Servo 15v2 has many features and benefits to offer.
The Downside:
If you have a two-channel system, you might find it hard to integrate the Servo 15v2 due to an obvious lack of high-level inputs and outputs. If your preamplifier has two line outs, it's not a problem.
While the company literature of the Paradigm Servo 15v2 Subwoofer recommends use in larger rooms, it also says it can be easily adjusted into smaller rooms. However, smaller rooms might actually pose a problem due to its physical size alone. Not only might it not fit but it might not even be necessary to boost sound in smaller spaces.
Boosting your bass whether you are listening to music or watching a movie, the Paradigm Servo 15v2 does a remarkable job. Larger spaces will especially experience a big difference since this subwoofer delivers a lot of bass to fill the space. While a multitude of control options does allow it to work in smaller rooms, the Servo 15v2 demonstrates its colossal power and bigger-than-life sound in bigger rooms.


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Bourget's Bike Works Prices, Values and Specs
Select any Bourget's Bike Works model
Bourget's Bike Works Note
MOTORCYCLES/ATVS/UTILITY - Due to limited resale market, we are unable to determine used values.
(Model years 2013 - 2000)
Founded in 1993, Bourget's Bike Works, Inc. is an American aftermarket motorcycle manufacturer that has earned a reputation for building high quality motorcycles. Known for customer Service BBW Inc. bikes are built to customer specifications, offering a wide range of high performance and unique styling.


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Debby Ryan, Michelle Williams, and Other Stylish Stars Celebrating Kate Young's Target Collection
She's become a stylist to know by perfecting the red-carpet looks of gorgeous celebrity women like Michelle Williams, Natalie Portman, and Game of Thrones' star Emilia Clarke. And since Michelle Williams has never dropped below a 4.0 fashion GPA, Kate Young, the allusive "she" we're referring to, has become a woman to turn to for solid and lasting style advice. In our book, she's a regular prodigy.
OK! News: Spring's Cutest Sandals
Target picked up on the prowess and teamed up with Kate to take the style hype a step farther. Say hello to Kate Young—stylist turned designer.
Now that she's joined the Target/Designer collborators list, which designers like Jason Wu, Prabal Gurung, Proenza Schouler, Oscar de la Renta are all on, we get to see her ideas in affordable pieces that everyone can buy—not just on the Oscars red carpet.
Watch: Maria Menounos Reveals Her Fashion Secret
But we're not the only ones who can't wait to hit up Target for some Kate Young goods—tons of celebs came out to her event and wore some of the springy styles too!
And what else would be on our minds right now but spring and summer fashion and beauty? Check out this roundup of celebrity attendees and see what some of 'em had to say!
Photos: Kim Kardashian's Maternity Style Evolved
Will you buy anything from the Kate Young for Target Collection? Tweet your stylish thoughts to @OKMagazine and leave a comment below.
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Outsourcing Agreement Laws
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Capacities which don't identify with the centre skill of a business, are not cost-efficient if performed by the association itself, or are work intensive are regularly outsourced to less expensive organizations which perform them more cost-successfully. Outsourcing is particularly basic in the data innovation division and fund segment. For instance, client benefit, office administration and back-end forms are regularly depended to an outside seller.
What is Outsourcing Agreement & Necessity for Outsourcing Agreement.
Outsourcing Agreement is the Agreement where some or certain part of a Company's work is handed over to some other company or person for handling such operation. The other person or company to whom such operation or work is handed over is not an employee or sister concern of the company who has outsourced the such work to such company. Now, in order to bind or to create a mutual trust, understanding, Liabilities and monetary aspects between the two companies or we can say between the outsourcer and Outsource such Agreement or Document is necessary.
Which Laws are Applicable to Outsourcing Agreement?
The Laws applicable are Indian Contract Act,1872 which binds the Outsourcer and Outsource into a binding of an Agreement, The Information Technology Act,2000 which comes into picture when such agreement is regarding Software Technology or if there is any software related work which must not be divulged before any outside party for risk of hampering of Business. Intellectual Property Laws in case of Piracy or Copyright related works. Telecommunication Laws in case of Telecommunication Outsourcing, in case of Financial Transactions or related work Outsourced the RBI guidelines, FEMA comes into picture.
Also the Indian Penal Code is applicable in case of Fraud or any act committed which is against the laws of Indian Territory.
What must be Looked into while getting into or making Outsourcing Agreement?
- Observing the privileges of the customer.
- The review privileges of the customer.
- An agreement end provision determining the efficient giving over of information and resources et cetera.
- Information security issues must be plainly tended to, including the marking of a non-divulgence understanding.
- Sub-contractual worker issues. In the event that the customer means to hold general control over the exchange, at that point the engagement of any sub-temporary worker by the provider must be liable to the customer's endorsement.
- The classification of the customer's information must be enough tended to.
- The responsibility for property rights.
- A certification or repayment from the provider towards its dedication, including obligation for any disappointment.
- Possibility arranging of the provider to give business congruity to the outsourced game plans that are material.
- Adherence by the provider to the customer's inner set of accepted rules (which is a noteworthy issue on account of extensive multinational organizations).
- The terms on selectiveness ought to be cleared up and assessed against the scenery of the Indian Contract Act (ICA) and the Competition Act.
- Obligations and commitments at rupture and upon end.
What are the Major Types Of Outsourcing?
The major types of outsourcing agencies are Business Process Outsourcing, Knowledge Process Outsourcing, Legal Process Outsourcing, Recruitment Process Outsourcing, Engineering Process Outsourcing, etc.
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On 9 October 2008 Michael Simpson, of
PricewaterhouseCoopers Isle of Man, was appointed as Liquidator
Provisionally of Kaupthing Singer & Friedlander (Isle of Man)
On 20 November 2008, Peter Spratt, of
PricewaterhouseCoopers UK was appointed Joint Liquidator
At the hearing in the Isle of Man High Court on 27 May
2009, the winding up order was passed in respect of Kaupthing
Singer & Friedlander (Isle of Man) Limited. Peter Spratt and
Michael Simpson were appointed Joint Provisional Liquidators and
Joint Deemed Official Receivers.
Michael Simpson and Peter Spratt were appointed as Joint
Liquidators at the first meeting of creditors held on 7 July 2009.


text: Climate Change? and the bicycle? This fellow combined an interest in both to produce this four video series. He biked from California to Florida, interviewing people about environmental efforts along the way and then produced this four video series. Cyclicious introduces it, but you might go directly to The Project Southern Tier website to view the videos.


text:
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The Flynn House is one of the few historic buildings original to the Living History Farms property. Martin Flynn earned his fortune through railroad construction, and bought the 550 acres that are now Living History Farms in 1867. He moved his wife Ellen and their children to Iowa, named the farm "Walnut Hill," and built this Italianate style house for their family. The Walnut Hill Farm was considered one of the finest country estates in the area, and boasted fourteen rooms, a full cellar and attic, cupola and stylish second floor balconies. A formal parlor, sitting room, and dining room provided space for entertaining.
The United States is one of the most diverse countries on earth, jam packed full of amazing sights from St. Patrick's cathedral in New York to Mount Hollywood California.The Northeast region is where it all started. Thirteen British colonies fought the American Revolution from here and won their independence in the first successful colonial rebellion in history. Take a look at these rolling hills carpeted with foliage along the Hudson river here, north of New York City.The American south is known for its polite people and slow pace of life. Probably they move slowly because it's so hot. Southerners tend not to trust people from "up north" because they talk too fast. Here's a cemetery in Georgia where you can find graves of soldiers from the Civil War.The West Coast is sort of like another country that exists to make the east coast jealous. California is full of nothing but grizzly old miners digging for gold, a few gangster rappers, and then actors. That is to say, the West Coast functions as the imagination of the US, like a weird little brother who teases everybody then gets famous for making freaky art.The central part of the country is flat farmland all the way over to the Rocky Mountains. Up in the northwest corner you can find creative people in places like Portland and Seattle, along with awesome snowboarding and good beer. Text by Steve Smith.


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I believe with 1.7 million Salvationists in 124 countries, we could mobilise tens of thousands of people - no, hundreds of thousands - for this half hour of power on Thursdays. Having travelled to several territories, I am hearing such excitement about this praying together around the world. It is perhaps the most important indicator of our being One Army. But I believe we should encourage others to join us!
Would you please be that encourager? I would also be pleased to hear from you if you have ideas of how we can better engage people in this prayer meeting. You can register your comments at the bottom of this page.
Alternatively, you can feedback via Facebook or by tweeting @TSA_WWPM. When tweeting your friends about the prayer meeting it would be helpful if you used the following hash tag - #wwpm. Thank you.
Feedback received through social media
Note that the views and opinions expressed by contributors here may not reflect the position of The Salvation Army.
Via Facebook: Sandra Hynes-Budden Friday, 9 December, 17:03
General Bond, I plan to hold a 24 hour prayer event at Woodstock Salvation Army Community Church in Ontario on Thursday, January 5. We will uphold the Salvation Army locally, nationally and internationally. Many Blessings to you!
Via Twitter: Gayle923Friday, 9 December, 17:52
Join me in praying for the international Salvation Army! Pick 1/2 hr on thursdays from 5-8 am. #wwpm
Via Facebook: Faustina JarvisFriday, 9 December, 20:41
Thank you General Bond for your letter, encouraging wwpm. Already we have seeing answers to prayer Corps wise andas well as in individual lives. We will continue to pray to our God who is our sufficiency. An effective means of prayer that works well is neighborhood prayer cells. Through this means, comrades living in the same community/nearby meet weekly at different homes at a time that is convenient to all.
Via Facebook: Miriam LehmannSaturday, 10 December, 10:35
General Bond, Thank you for your enthusiastic Spiritual leadership and your faithfulness. God bless.
Via Facebook: Suresh Samuel PawarSaturday, 10 December, 11:37
We thank God for the people in our division who are constantly in prayers for Salvation Army's work and mission. Soldiers and officers in our division are activily participating in prayers by First thirday and last Friday of every month in moringing prayers in every corps and fasting & Prayers. On every Friday we have prayer meeting on Divisional level in which few soldiers and officers are been in fasting and prayer for last four years. Every prayer is recorded and then we revisit those prayers made and find how those prayers are been answered which gives us reasons to celebrate and thank God for His goodness. Please be assured of continual prayers by the faithful soldiers and officers of mumbai Division, India Western Territory
Via Twitter: TheCouchmanThursday, 15 December, 03:47
@TSA_IHQ My best suggestion would be to be consistent. The nature of Twitter and Facebook demands regularity. #wwpm
Via Facebook: Aubey HatukupaFriday, 16 December, 08:02
I was of the idea that SA institutions; schools, hospitals/clinic, DHQ should be asked to hold these important prayer on Thursday before business.
Via Facebook: David HowarthWednesday, 21 December, 12:38
It is so very inspiring and encouraging to be part of this 'Mexican wave' of prayer. We do it in our office along with several corps around the East Midlands Division, UKT. More could join in though - we'll be the encouragers General is looking for.
Via Facebook: Hanrico SogFriday, 3 February, 16:21
Pray for the salvation army general... Greetings from indonesia... Our motto "2work4HisGlory".
Via Facebook: Ruth YoungFriday, 2 March, 16:40
Yesterday was so special as a few of us were here on facebook very early. We ended up having our thursday morning prayer meeting right here using the chat feature where you can add people to the conversation. Many prayers were written. Thank the Lord for the internet.
Via Facebook: Ruth Bente PaulsenMonday, 5 March, 09:44
In Paraguay we are praying thursday morning in 4 of the 5 corps o outposts.In Villa Morra, were we have the childtenhome El Redil,we was able to open the doors for sunday meetings every sunday,and people are coming! We have also been able to start a Home Ligue and also a teenagers legue each weekGood is doing grreaye things amongs the children in the children home.The children are seeking God and paraying and reading their Bibles,and its not because we obligate them...We are waiting for more! God is soo migthy! God bless all prayers around the world.
Via Facebook: Fachren TumandukThursday, 8 March, 12:44
This early morning, as we gathered in prayer on the first floor (Chapel room) in IHQ, we were prayed for the Integrated Mission, all Salvationists around the world and the Evangelisation ministry to every people and nations trough the Salvation Army works. We were also remembered the disasters victims in many places around the world. May God bless and comfort you always and have a good day all.
Via Twitter: PGardnerNZThursday, 19 April, 08:05
Praying through the vision. Communicate Christ Unashamedly. #ico #fb #WWPM
Via Twitter: JJ RiefThursday, 19 April, 12:12
Father, make us an Army that can honestly proclaim CHRIST'S LOVE COMPELS US! #WWPM
Via Facebook: Eva MarseilleThursday, 19 March, 14:23
As we walk from the train to the office we see everybody 'filling up', piles of sausages freshly roasted waiting to be eaten by customers, milkmen delivering milk to the offices, huge amounts of beer barrels to the restaurants, and we can come with our empty containers to the worldwide prayer meeting. Great, not only great to be there but to know that the prayers are heard and answered
Via Facebook: Leonard Matthews Thursday, 3 May, 09:40
Pray that those involved will see a outcome from their service that is an encouragement to them to keep serving
Via Twitter: Carol GilliesThursday, 17 May, 09:34
@TSA_WWPM East Kilbride in Scotland. A mum from toddler group in remission from leukemia!!! That's a big answered prayer :) thank you God!