text:
Port Salut, Haiti, 9 June 2014 - Since 2008, UNEP has been supporting the Government of Haiti in the sustainability and effectiveness of reforestation efforts, with a view towards accelerating the country's transition to an inclusive green economy and boosting sustainable growth.
These efforts focus on high value trees (fruit trees), the development of renewable energy (including solar and wind), regional cooperation for the management of shared resources in the framework of the Caribbean Biological Corridor, and the integrated development of marine and coastal resources management.
The Government of Haïti, with the support of Norway and UNEP, has marked specific new achievements for sustainable development in the country's Département du Sud. In 2011, UNEP initiated a UN Coalition called the Côte Sud Initiative to promote sustainable development and reduce vulnerabilities in this coastal Département. The Côte Sud Initiative has supported the implementation of several thematic environmental programmes.
Within the Coalition, UNEP has supported the Government to achieve key "big firsts" for the environment in Haïti, including the establishment of the country's first nine Coastal and Marine Protected Areas and its first Electric Cooperative. The initiative has also opened a dialogue between Government authorities and donors on environmental challenges and solutions for southern Haiti.
President Michel Martelly - who personally invited UNEP Executive Director Achim Steiner to Haiti to celebrate World Environment Day - reiterated his strong commitment to including the environment as a pillar of his political agenda, with a focus on sustainable socio-economic development.
"The environment is high on the national agenda and I am grateful for the support that UNEP is providing Haiti," he said. "Receiving the Executive Director is a positive signal to all our environmental actors, and I am honoured to be hosting him in our beautiful country."
During Mr. Steiner's visit, President Martelly and Minister of Environment Jean François Thomas presented him with the "Haiti White Book on Environment". Mr. Steiner joined President Martelly and Minister Thomas in touring the mountainous and the southern coastal parts of the country.
Mr. Steiner listed a number of priority areas for UNEP's transformative programme, including the Macaya National Park, one of Haiti's last remaining primary forests. The Park - a biodiversity hotspot in Haiti's Grand Sud region - is one of the few remaining bastions of primary forest in the largely deforested Caribbean nation.
"A new phase of collaboration is beginning between UNEP and the Ministries of Environment and Agriculture, with the aim of reducing threats to the ecosystems of the Grand Sud of Haiti - including from unsustainable agriculture, forest fires, the production of wood charcoal and firewood and the wood plank industry", said Mr. Steiner.
In particular, he outlined that the programme will work to strengthen the management capacities for Macaya Park; establish a network of marine and coastal protected areas connected to the Park by biological corridors; and develop sustainable economic opportunities in agroforestry that will enable a green economy in the Département du Sud.
"With the visit of Mr. Steiner, it is a ridge-to-reef approach that we put in practice," said Minister Thomas. "We also jointly launched the aerial reforestation campaign on the top of the mountain, and then celebrated a symbolic planting of mangroves along the coast."
UNEP's work in Haiti has been supported financially and technically by the Government of Norway, for which Mr. Steiner reiterated his sincere thanks.
During a meeting with representatives of the UN Country Team, Mr. Steiner expressed his appreciation for the close partnerships that UNEP has developed with other UN agencies, funds and programmes active in Haiti.
"Our collaboration in the Côte Sud Initiative on coastal protection, reforestation, access to renewable energy with UNDP, FAO, UNOPS and various Ministries has shown promising results both the Southern Region and in due course at national level," he said.
"Despite the many challenges Haiti faces, there is a palpable sense of progress and optimism about the future development of the country. Protecting and restoring the environmental resources of Haiti can clearly play a vital role in ensuring that economic development opportunities across a range of sectors such as fisheries, tourism, energy and forests represent investments of great promise," said Mr. Steiner as he concluded his visit.


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RSA Cryptography
|#include <cryptopp/rsa.h>
RSA is the work of Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman. It is based on the Integer Factorization Problem. The system was developed in 1977 and patented by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Though Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman are generally credited with the discovery, Clifford Cocks (Chief Mathematician at GCHQ - the British equivalent of the NSA) described the system in 1973. However, Cocks did not publish since the work was considered classified, so the credit lay with Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman.
Crypto++ exposes most RSA encrpytion and signatures operations through rsa.h. There's a RSAES (encryption scheme) and RSASS (signature scheme). The following will discuss some of the finer details of Crypto++, RSA keys, RSA encryption schemes, and RSA signature schemes. If interested in directly performing exponentiation using RSA primitives, see Raw RSA.
Operations on keys, such as generating, validating, loading, saving, importing, exporting, and formats are discussed in detail at Keys and Formats.
Crypto++ RSA keys are typedef'd in rsa.h as follows.
struct RSA { typedef RSAFunction PublicKey; typedef InvertibleRSAFunction PrivateKey; };
To generate a key pair, InvertibleRSAFunction offers GenerateRandomWithKeySize:
GenerateRandomWithKeySize (RandomNumberGenerator &rng, unsigned int keySize)
The parameters to the function are a RandomNumberGenerator and the modulus size specified in bits. GenerateRandomWithKeySize calls GenerateRandom with the modulus size encoded as a NameValuePairs.
In much of the sample code, InvertibleRSAFunction is used as follows to create a logical separation for demonstration purposes.
/////////////////////////////////////// // Generate Parameters InvertibleRSAFunction params; params.GenerateRandomWithKeySize(rng, 3072); /////////////////////////////////////// // Create Keys RSA::PrivateKey privateKey(params); RSA::PublicKey publicKey(params);
In practice, RSA::PrivateKey could be used instead of InvertibleRSAFunction (to improve readability); and RSAES_PKCS1v15_Encryptor, RSAES_OAEP_SHA_Encryptor, and friends should be used. A more detailed treatment of keys, generation, loading, saving, and formats can be found at Keys and Formats.
/////////////////////////////////////// // Create Keys RSA::PrivateKey privateKey; privateKey.GenerateRandomWithKeySize(rng, 3072); RSA::PublicKey publicKey(privateKey);
Once the keys are created, they can be passed to Encryptors, Decryptors, Signers, and Verifiers.
To persist the keys to disk in the most inter-operable manner, use the Save function. If loading from disk, use the Load function. A more complete treatment of saving and loading keys is covered in Keys and Formats.
If you have a RSA private key composed of {n,e,d} and are interested in calculating all parameters specified in PKCS #1, see RSA CRT key? on sci.crypt. In addition, Mounir Idrassi offers an open source tool at Sourceforge: RSA Converter.
If you need to import the {n,e,d} private key or {n,e} public key into Crypto++, use Initialize. Both RSA::PublicKey and RSA::PrivateKey provide the function overloads.
Encryption Schemes
The high level RSA encryption schemes are exposed through RSAES, which is defined as follows. The template parameter, STANDARD, simply specifies additional algorithms. For example, when PKCS processing is required, PKCS1v15 is specified as the parameter.
Note: RSA encryption with PKCS v1.5 padding should only be used with extreme caution due to padding oracle attacks. See A bad couple of years for the cryptographic token industry.
template <class STANDARD> struct RSAES : public TF_ES<STANDARD, RSA> { };
The TF_ES class exposes the functionality that is often used when working with RSA. TF stands for trapdoor function, and ES stands for encryption scheme. There is some hand waiving here - at least two layers of templates exist before encountering TF_EncryptorBase and TF_DecryptorBase in cryptlib.h. To ease use of the library, two typedefs are offered. The first is based on PKCS #1 version 1.5, and the second is based on OAEP and SHA. Due to implementation problems with PKCS padding, you should favor OAEP padding.
typedef RSAES<PKCS1v15>::Decryptor RSAES_PKCS1v15_Decryptor; typedef RSAES<PKCS1v15>::Encryptor RSAES_PKCS1v15_Encryptor; typedef RSAES<OAEP<SHA> >::Decryptor RSAES_OAEP_SHA_Decryptor; typedef RSAES<OAEP<SHA> >::Encryptor RSAES_OAEP_SHA_Encryptor;
Signature Schemes
The high level RSA signature schemes are exposed through RSASS, which is defined as follows.
template <class STANDARD, class H> struct RSASS : public TF_SS<STANDARD, H, RSA> { };
As with RSAES, RSASS needs a STANDARD. TF stands for trapdoor function, and SS stands for signature scheme. In addition to the STANDARD parameter, a one way hash function must be specified through H. The classes of interest for signers and verifiers are PK_Signer and PK_Verifier from cryptlib.h. The later classes offer familiar functions such as MaxSignatureLength, SignMessage, and VerifyMessage.
The Crypto++ RSA implementation of a Signature Scheme with Appendix (SSA) is typedef'd as follows. Note that two additional hashes are specified in PKCS (MD2 and MD5), but should not be used.
typedef RSASS<PKCS1v15, SHA>::Signer RSASSA_PKCS1v15_SHA_Signer; typedef RSASS<PKCS1v15, SHA>::Verifier RSASSA_PKCS1v15_SHA_Verifier;
The Crypto++ RSA implementation of a Signature Scheme with Recovery (PSSR) is similar to SSA. However, there are no typedef's so the objects are declared using template syntax. Below, PSSR (from pssr.h) is specified (the recovery mechanism), and a hash is specified.
RSASS<PSSR, SHA1>::Signer signer; RSASS<PSSR, SHA1>::Verifier verifier;
If Whirlpool is desired, then the following would be performed.
RSASS<PSSR, Whirlpool>::Signer signer; RSASS<PSSR, Whirlpool>::Verifier verifier;
For those interested in SHA-2 family of hashes, then SHA256 would be used.
RSASS<PSSR, SHA256>::Signer signer; RSASS<PSSR, SHA256>::Verifier verifier;
Regardless of the type of signature (PSSR vs SSA), the signers and verifiers are most easily constructed using the private key or the public key.
// Generate or Load keys RSA::PrivateKey privateKey; RSA::PublicKey publicKey; ... RSASS<PSSR, SHA1>::Signer signer(privateKey); // Create signature ... RSASS<PSSR, SHA1>::Verifier verifier(publicKey); // Verify signature on message ...
Sample Programs
Due to the number and size of RSA sample programs, two additional pages have been created for RSA Encryption Schemes and RSA Signature Schemes. Below, four samples are presented. Additional samples can be found at RSA Encryption Schemes and RSA Signature Schemes.
Key Generation
/////////////////////////////////////// // Pseudo Random Number Generator AutoSeededRandomPool rng; /////////////////////////////////////// // Generate Parameters InvertibleRSAFunction params; params.GenerateRandomWithKeySize(rng, 3072); /////////////////////////////////////// // Generated Parameters const Integer& n = params.GetModulus(); const Integer& p = params.GetPrime1(); const Integer& q = params.GetPrime2(); const Integer& d = params.GetPrivateExponent(); const Integer& e = params.GetPublicExponent(); /////////////////////////////////////// // Dump cout << "RSA Parameters:" << endl; cout << " n: " << n << endl; cout << " p: " << p << endl; cout << " q: " << q << endl; cout << " d: " << d << endl; cout << " e: " << e << endl; cout << endl; /////////////////////////////////////// // Create Keys RSA::PrivateKey privateKey(params); RSA::PublicKey publicKey(params);
Encryption Scheme (OAEP using SHA)
The following code demonstrates RSA encryption using OAEP. The complete list of RSA encryption scheme samples can be found at RSA Encryption Schemes.
Note: RSA encryption with PKCS v1.5 padding should only be used with extreme caution due to padding oracle attacks. See A bad couple of years for the cryptographic token industry.
//////////////////////////////////////////////// // Generate keys AutoSeededRandomPool rng; InvertibleRSAFunction params; params.GenerateRandomWithKeySize(rng, 3072); RSA::PrivateKey privateKey(params); RSA::PublicKey publicKey(params); string plain="RSA Encryption", cipher, recovered; //////////////////////////////////////////////// // Encryption RSAES_OAEP_SHA_Encryptor e(publicKey); StringSource ss1(plain, true, new PK_EncryptorFilter(rng, e, new StringSink(cipher) ) // PK_EncryptorFilter ); // StringSource //////////////////////////////////////////////// // Decryption RSAES_OAEP_SHA_Decryptor d(privateKey); StringSource ss2(cipher, true, new PK_DecryptorFilter(rng, d, new StringSink(recovered) ) // PK_DecryptorFilter ); // StringSource cout << "Recovered plain text" << endl;
Signature Scheme (PKCS v1.5)
Though similar to RSA-SSA, RSASSA_PKCS1v15_SHA_Signer and RSASSA_PKCS1v15_SHA_Verifier use PKCS v1.5 padding. The MD2 and MD5 variants of RSASSA_PKCS1v15_<Digest>_Signer and RSASSA_PKCS1v15_<Digest>_Verifier should not be used. The complete list of RSA signature scheme samples can be found at RSA Signature Schemes.
// Generate or Load keys RSA::PrivateKey privateKey = ...; RSA::PublicKey publicKey = ...; // Message string message = "RSA Signature", signature; //////////////////////////////////////////////// // Sign and Encode RSASSA_PKCS1v15_SHA_Signer signer(privateKey); StringSource ss1(message, true, new SignerFilter(rng, signer, new StringSink(signature) ) // SignerFilter ); // StringSource //////////////////////////////////////////////// // Verify and Recover RSASSA_PKCS1v15_SHA_Verifier verifier(publicKey); StringSource ss2(message+signature, true, new SignatureVerificationFilter( verifier, NULL, SignatureVerificationFilter::THROW_EXCEPTION ) // SignatureVerificationFilter ); // StringSource cout << "Verified signature on message" << endl;
RSA-ES-OAEP-SHA-Filter-Test.zip - Demonstrates RSA-ES (OAEP/SHA) using Filters
RSA-SSA-Filter-Test.zip - Demonstrates RSA-SSA using Filters
rsa_kgen_prof.zip - Generates a RSA key pair with profiling

subset: commoncrawl


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Swageless Fittings
Lexco Cable offers a variety of swageless end fittings for use in cable assembly systems from 1/16" to 1 ½" diameter. Our swageless fittings require no* special tools for assembly, making field installation quick and easy. Most swageless cable end fittings will hold the maximum load of the cable to which they're attached when installed correctly.
Swageless fittings are manufactured from self-colored steel, zinc plated steel, galvanized steel and stainless steel. Our large selection of swageless cable end fittings makes it easy to find the right one for your application. Swageless fittings:
Request a quote on the swageless cable end fittings you need, or contact Lexco Cable for more information.
*For easier, more efficient assembly of Electroline wire rope fittings, it is suggested that assembly kits be used.
Please visit our Swageless Fittings FAQs for more information.
Swageless fittings are manufactured from self-colored steel, zinc plated steel, galvanized steel and stainless steel. Our large selection of swageless cable end fittings makes it easy to find the right one for your application. Swageless fittings:
- Clevis (fork, jaw)
- Eye end
- Oval Eye, Drum Socket & Coupling Fittings
- Threaded Stud
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- Non-Bearing Hooks and Eye Swivels
- Lifeline Fittings
- Safe-Line Clamps MIL-STD-16843, FF-C-450 Type IV
Request a quote on the swageless cable end fittings you need, or contact Lexco Cable for more information.
*For easier, more efficient assembly of Electroline wire rope fittings, it is suggested that assembly kits be used.
Please visit our Swageless Fittings FAQs for more information.
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text:
Crew leader shot and killed in #BaltimoreTuesday, June 15th, 2010
This is a tragedy. H/t to Carol Morello of The Washington Post for the following:
A Baltimore man who was working for the Census Bureau has died after being shot while dropping off a co-worker — the first killing of a Census worker on the job this year.
Spencer Williams, 22, died Friday after being shot June 7, according to Baltimore police. He was found inside his car, resting in the median near an intersection, and had multiple gunshot wounds, police said.
Williams was a crew leader responsible for a group of census takers doing follow-up visits to the homes of people who did not mail in their questionnaire by April. Census Bureau spokesman Steven J. Jost said Williams was returning home after driving a co-worker home at the end of the day and was considered to still be on the job. Police and Census officials said the shooting is not believed to be related to the agency's work.
Since follow-up house calls began in late April, there have been 252 incidents in which Census workers have been harmed or threatened, including 11 times when shots were fired at them and 86 times when they were threatened with such weapons as guns, axes and crossbows.
Let's hope the person who did this is caught and brought to justice.


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The Nespresso capsule system in a compact and modern design featuring the De'Longhi patented Automatic Cappuccino System. At a touch of a button all your favorite drinks: espresso, coffee, cappuccino and latte macchiato.
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© De'Longhi Appliances S.r.l. - Via L. Seitz, 47, 31100 Treviso, Italy - All rights reserved


text:
Alabama parole board approves posthumous pardons in 1931 'Scottsboro Boys' rape case
MONTGOMERY, Ala. – Alabama's parole board has approved of granting posthumous pardons in the infamous "Scottsboro Boys" rape case.
The board made the decision during a Thursday morning hearing in Montgomery for three black men whose convictions were never overturned in a case that came to symbolize racial injustice in the Deep South in the 1930s.
Nine black males were falsely accused of raping two white women on a train in northeast Alabama in 1931. The men were convicted by all-white juries, and all but the youngest defendant were sentenced to death.
Five of the cases were overturned in 1937, and one man received a pardon before his death in 1976. The board says it is now offering formal pardons for Charles Weems, Andy Wright and Haywood Patterson.


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Amine, any member of a family of nitrogen-containing organic compounds that is derived, either in principle or in practice, from ammonia (NH3).
Naturally occurring amines include the alkaloids, which are present in certain plants; the catecholamine neurotransmitters (i.e., dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine); and a local chemical mediator, histamine, that occurs in most animal tissues.
Aniline, ethanolamines, and several other amines are major industrial commodities used in making rubber, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and synthetic resins and fibres and for a host of other applications. Most of the numerous methods for the preparation of amines may be broadly divided into two groups: (1) chemical reduction (replacement of oxygen with hydrogen atoms in the molecule) of members of several other classes of organic nitrogen compounds and (2) reactions of ammonia or amines with organic compounds.
Amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on whether one, two, or three of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia have been replaced by organic groups. In chemical notation these three classes are represented as RNH2, R2NH, and R3N, respectively. A fourth category consists of quaternary ammonium compounds, which are obtained by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the ammonium ion, NH4+; an anion is necessarily associated (R4N+X−). Amines are also classified as aliphatic, having only aliphatic groups attached, or aromatic, having one or more aryl groups attached. They may be open-chain, in which the nitrogen is not part of a ring, or cyclic, in which it is a member of a ring (generally aliphatic).
Nomenclature of amines
The older and most widely used system for naming amines is to identify each group that is attached to the nitrogen atom and then add the ending -amine, as in methylamine, CH3NH2; N-ethyl-N-propylamine (or ethyl(propyl)amine), CH3CH2NHCH2CH2CH3; and tributylamine, (CH3CH2CH2CH2)3N. Two or more groups cited are in alphabetical order; to clarify which groups are attached to nitrogen rather than to each other, Ns or internal parentheses are used. A few aromatic amines and most cyclic amines have trivial (nonsystematic) names (e.g., aniline, C6H5NH2), which may be used as a parent (basic structural unit) on which to specify any other groups attached, as in N,N-dimethylaniline.
An alternative method replaces the terminal -e of a hydrocarbon name by the suffix -amine to indicate the functional group ―NH2. With secondary and tertiary amines, the largest group is chosen as the parent, and the other groups are named as substituents. The names in this system for the previous examples are methanamine, N-ethylpropanamine, and N,N-dibutylbutanamine. Dimethylaniline is named N,N-dimethylbenzenamine. When another functional group of the compound has a higher priority than the amino group (―NH2, ―NHR, or ―NR2), the latter is named as a substituent, as in aminoacetic acid, NH2―CH2COOH, and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, (CH3)2N―CH2CH2OH. (The simple guidelines given here may not be adequate for more-complex structures.)
Properties of amines
Physical properties
Distinctive odours that are fishy to putrid characterize the lower-molecular-weight amines. They are gases at room temperature or are easily vaporized liquids. Aliphatic amines are less dense than water, having densities in the range 0.63 to 0.74 gram per cubic cm; aromatic amines are typically slightly heavier than water (e.g., the density of aniline is 1.02 grams per cubic cm). With increasing size, they become less volatile; the odour decreases and eventually becomes unnoticeable, although some diamines have offensive odours. For example, H2N(CH2)4NH2, called putrescine, and H2N(CH2)5NH2, called cadaverine, are foul-smelling compounds found in decaying flesh. Amines are colourless; aliphatic amines are transparent to ultraviolet light, but aromatic amines display strong absorption of certain wavelengths. Amines with fewer than six carbons mix with water in all proportions. The aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia, and the aromatic ones are substantially weaker. The basicity is measured in terms of the pKb value, which is equal to −logKb, where Kb is the equilibrium constant for the reaction B + H3O+ ⇌ BH+ + H2O (B is the amine). Thus, a larger pKb value indicates greater strength as a base. For comparison, the pKb of ammonia is 4.75. Quaternary ammonium hydroxides are very strong bases, but the chlorides are not basic.
|substituent group, R
|boiling point (°C)
|boiling point (°C)
|boiling point (°C)
|*Melting point −6.24 °C.
|**Melting point 52.8 °C.
|***Melting point 127 °C.
Most aliphatic amines are not highly toxic, and many are harmless, natural components of foods and pharmaceuticals. In high concentrations, however, the smaller amines are highly irritating to the skin and especially to the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, to which they can cause acute damage upon prolonged exposure. Larger amines (12 or more carbon atoms) are usually less irritating. Aromatic amines are also irritants and can be absorbed through the skin. They may be dangerous poisons. Aniline, for example, destroys the hemoglobin of blood, and prolonged exposure has been linked with cancer. Amines can be corrosive to some metals and plastics; they should therefore be stored in glass or steel containers.
Molecular shape and configuration
An amine molecule has the shape of a somewhat flattened triangular pyramid, with the nitrogen atom at the apex. An unshared electron pair is localized above the nitrogen atom. In quaternary ammonium ions this region is occupied by a substituent, forming a nearly regular tetrahedron with the nitrogen atom at its centre.
Left-handed and right-handed forms (mirror-image configurations, known as optical isomers or enantiomers) are possible when all the substituents on the central nitrogen atom are different (i.e., the nitrogen is chiral). With amines, there is extremely rapid inversion in which the two configurations are interconverted. The process is like an umbrella turning inside out in the wind; the substituents move in one direction ("up") and the nitrogen atom in the other ("down"). Quaternary ammonium ions do not undergo such equilibration short of conditions where they decompose; their optical isomers are indefinitely stable and isolable, and the physiological effects of the two enantiomers may be profoundly different.
Occurrence and sources of amines
Aliphatic amines occur in nature, principally as products of the putrefaction of protein material, but they are also present in living tissue (e.g., histamine, a cyclic aliphatic amine). The methylamines occur in small amounts in some plants. Many polyfunctional amines (i.e., those having other functional groups in the molecule) occur as alkaloids in plants—for example, mescaline, 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine; the cyclic amines nicotine, atropine, morphine, and cocaine; and the quaternary salt choline, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, which is present in nerve synapses and in plant and animal cells.
Large quantities of aliphatic amines are made synthetically. The most widely used industrial method is the reaction of alcohols with ammonia at a high temperature, catalyzed by metals or metal oxide catalysts (e.g., nickel or copper). Mixtures of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are thereby produced. Some amines—such as hexamethylenediamine, used in the manufacture of nylon-6,6—are made by catalytic addition of hydrogen to nitriles, R≡CN.
Aniline and some other aromatic amines were at one time obtained from coal tar but are today synthesized from benzene, C6H6, or other hydrocarbons. Benzene is first converted to nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) or chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl). The former is reduced to aniline by treatment with hydrogen over a catalyst or by means of other reagents, such as iron or hydrogen sulfide (Fe and H2S, respectively). Aniline is made from chlorobenzene by treatment with ammonia at a high temperature in the presence of copper compounds.
On a smaller scale, such as in the pharmaceutical industry or the research laboratory, the foregoing methods may not be suitable because of the engineering costs and the formation of a mixture of products. For the synthesis of single products and small-scale operations, other reactions are available. The reaction of alkyl halides, R―X, where X is a halogen, or analogous reagents with ammonia (or amines) is useful with certain compounds. A mixture of mono-, di-, and trialkylated amines, and sometimes also the quaternary ammonium salt, often results:
Not all alkyl halides are effective reagents; the reaction is sluggish with secondary alkyl groups and fails with tertiary ones. Its usefulness is largely confined to primary alkyl halides (those having two hydrogen atoms on the reacting site). To avoid the problem of multiple alkylation, methods have been devised for "blocking" substitution so that only one alkyl group is introduced. The Gabriel synthesis is one such method; it utilizes phthalimide, C6H4(CO)2NH, whose one acidic hydrogen atom has been removed upon the addition of a base such as KOH to form a salt.
Although phthalimide itself is not reactive, its anion will react with alkyl halides, but only once. Hydrolysis of the resulting alkylphthalimide releases the primary amine.
Primary amines having a tertiary alkyl group (R3CNH2) are difficult to prepare with most methods but are made industrially by the Ritter reaction. In this method a tertiary alcohol reacts with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of a concentrated strong acid; a formamide, RNH―CHO, is formed first, which then undergoes hydrolysis.
Reaction of ammonia with alkenes at high temperatures and pressure, catalyzed by zeolites, is also employed industrially.
Reduction of nitro compounds, RNO2, by hydrogen or other reducing agents produces primary amines cleanly (i.e., without a mixture of products), but the method is mostly used for aromatic amines because of the limited availability of aliphatic nitro compounds. Reduction of nitriles and oximes (R2C=NOH) also yields primary amines. Imines, R2C=NR′, may be used to prepare secondary amines, commonly in a process in which the imine is formed from a primary amine and an aldehyde or ketone and then reduced by hydrogen and a nickel catalyst. Amides, RCONR′2, can be reduced to amines by lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4), which replaces the oxygen with two hydrogens. If there is no substituent on the nitrogen (i.e., R′ = H), a primary amine results. When one or both R′ groups are not hydrogen, secondary or tertiary amines, respectively, are produced.
Prominent among rearrangement reactions is the Hofmann reaction, in which an amide is treated with chlorine or bromine and an aqueous alkali (base).
A series of steps takes place quickly. In an intermediate step, an R group moves from the carbonyl carbon to the nitrogen, displacing the halogen ion; the final step, the loss of a CO32− group, leads to a primary amine of one less carbon atom (i.e., RCONH2 becomes RNH2). The Beckmann rearrangement, by which a ketoxime, R2C=NOH, is rearranged to an amide, RCONHR, can be used to prepare primary amines when followed by hydrolysis.
Tertiary amines are typically made by direct alkylation of secondary amines by alkyl halides:
Alternatives are reduction of disubstituted amides or reduction of a mixture of a secondary amine and an aldehyde by formic acid (known as the Leuckart reaction):
Reactions of amines
Amines characteristically form salts with acids; a hydrogen ion, H+, adds to the nitrogen. With the strong mineral acids (e.g., H2SO4, HNO3, and HCl), the reaction is vigorous. Salt formation is instantly reversed by strong bases such as NaOH. Neutral electrophiles (compounds attracted to regions of negative charge) also react with amines; alkyl halides (R′X) and analogous alkylating agents are important examples of electrophilic reagents. A salt is formed by addition; R3N becomes R3NR′+X−.
Although tertiary amines do not react with aldehydes and ketones, and secondary amines react only reversibly, primary amines react readily to form imines (also called azomethines or Schiff bases), R2C=NR′.
Acylation is one of the most important reactions of primary and secondary amines; a hydrogen atom is replaced by an acyl group (a group derived from an acid, such as RCOOH or RSO3H, by removal of ―OH, such as RC(=O)―, RS(O)2―, and so on). Reagents may be acid chlorides (RCOC1, RSO2C1), anhydrides ((RCO)2O), or even esters (RCOOR′); the products are amides of the corresponding acids.
The reaction with phosgene, COC12 (the acid chloride of carbonic acid, H2CO3), has major industrial importance. It can result in simple acylation to form ureas (amides of carbonic acid), RNHCONHR, but it is usually carried out under conditions that favour the conversion of primary amines to isocyanates: RNH2+ COCl2→ RN=C=O + 2HCl). Isocyanates are themselves acylating agents, of a type that also includes isothiocyanates (RN=C=S), ketenes (R2C=C=O), and carbon dioxide (O=C=O). They react more or less readily with primary and most secondary amines to form, respectively, ureas, thioureas (RNHCSNHR), amides, and salts of carbamic acid (RNHCO2−RNH3+).
Reaction with nitrous acid (HNO2), which functions as an acylating agent that is a source of the nitrosyl group (―NO), converts aliphatic primary amines to nitrogen and mixtures of alkenes and alcohols corresponding to the alkyl group in a complex process.
N2 + R2C=CR2 or R2CH―CR2OH
This reaction has been used for analytical determination of primary amino groups in a procedure known as the Van Slyke method. With aromatic primary amines, nitrogen is not lost if the reaction mixture is kept cool (usually 0 °C [32 °F]), and a diazonium salt, ArN2+X−, where Ar is an aryl group, is formed:
ArNH2 + HNO2 + HX → ArN2+X−
These highly reactive compounds are of great importance in organic synthesis and in the dye industry (see dyes).
Nitrous acid converts secondary amines (aliphatic or aromatic) to N-nitroso compounds (nitrosamines): R2NH + HNO2 → R2N―NO. Some nitrosamines are potent cancer-inducing substances, and their possible formation is a serious consideration when nitrites, which are salts of nitrous acid, are present in foods or pharmaceutical preparations. Tertiary amines give rise to nitrosamines more slowly; an alkyl group is eliminated as an aldehyde or ketone, along with nitrous oxide, N2O.
Halogenation, in which one or more hydrogen atoms of an amine is replaced by a halogen atom, occurs with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, as well as with some other reagents, notably hypochlorous acid (HClO). With primary amines the reaction proceeds in two stages, producing N-chloro- and N,N-dichloro-amines, RNHCl and RNCl2, respectively. With tertiary amines, an alkyl group may be displaced by a halogen.
Amines can burn in air, producing water, carbon dioxide, and either nitrogen or its oxides. Milder oxidation, using reagents such as NaOCl, can remove four hydrogen atoms from primary amines of the type RCH2NH2 to form nitriles (R―C≡N), and oxidation with reagents such as MnO2 can remove two hydrogen atoms from secondary amines (R2CH―NHR′) to form imines (R2C=NR′). Tertiary amines can be oxidized to enamines (R2C=CHNR2) by a variety of reagents.
R2CH―CH2NR′2 + Hg(OAc)2 → R2C=CH―NR′2
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxy acids generally add an oxygen atom to the nitrogen of amines. With primary amines, this step is normally followed by further oxidation, leading to nitroso compounds, RNO, or nitro compounds, RNO2. Secondary amines are converted to hydroxylamines, R2NOH, and tertiary amines to amine oxides, R3NO.
The principal reaction of quaternary ammonium compounds is the Hofmann degradation, which takes place when the hydroxides are strongly heated, generating a tertiary amine; the least-substituted alkyl group is lost as an alkene.
Uses of amines
Examples of direct uses of amines and their salts are as corrosion inhibitors in boilers and in lubricating oils (morpholine), as antioxidants for rubber and roofing asphalt (diarylamines), as stabilizers for cellulose nitrate explosives (diphenylamine), as protectants against damage from gamma radiation (diarylamines), as developers in photography (aromatic diamines), as flotation agents in mining, as anticling and waterproofing agents for textiles, as fabric softeners, in paper coating, and for solubilizing herbicides. Some polyfunctional amines are valuable pharmaceuticals, such as ephedrine and epinephrine (adrenaline), and anesthetics, such as novocaine.
Many important products require amines as part of their syntheses. Methylamine is utilized in the production of the analgesic meperidine (trade name Demerol) and the photographic developer Metol (trademark), and dimethylamine is used in the synthesis of the antihistamine diphenhydramine (trade name Benadryl), the solvent dimethylformamide (DMF), and the rocket propellant 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. The synthesis of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) incorporates diethylamine while that of the synthetic fibre Kevlar requires aromatic amines. Polyurethanes are formed from methylenedianiline via its diisocyanate. Other products utilizing amines in their synthesis include spandex, caffeine, explosives (e.g., 2,3,4,6-tetranitro-N-methylaniline [TNA] and 2,4,6-N-tetranitroaniline [Tetryl]), pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, azo dyes, and some triphenylmethane dyes.Peter A.S. Smith Eric Block
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
chemical compound: AminesAmines are functional group compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom bonded to hydrogen atoms or to alkyl or aryl groups. If the substituents (other than hydrogen atoms) are alkyl groups, the resulting compounds are termed
alkyl amines. If one or more substituents…
poison: Organic compoundsAromatic amines and nitro compounds, for example, aniline, toluidine, and nitrobenzene, produce depression of the central nervous system and methemoglobinemia (Table 2). Methemoglobinemia is a condition in which the ferrous ion in hemoglobin, which is responsible for carrying oxygen, is oxidized to the ferric form. Oxidized…
acid–base reaction: The effect of molecular structure…important organic bases are the amines, RNH2, R2NH, or R3N. Most of these are stronger bases than ammonia; i.e., their cations are weaker acids than the ammonium ion.…
organometallic compound: Alkylidene ligands…example, the attack of an amine on the electron-poor carbon atom of a Fischer carbene results in the displacement of the OR group to yield a new carbene (Me represents the methyl group, ―CH3).…
vitamin: Discovery and original designation…nitrogen-containing component known as an amine, he called the compounds "vital amines," a term that he later shortened to "vitamines." The final
ewas dropped later when it was discovered that not all of the vitamins contain nitrogen and, therefore, not all are amines.…
More About Amine13 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- aryl halides
- chemical imbalance and bipolar disorder
- organometallic compounds
- oxime
- In oxime
- protective chemicals
- vitamins
structure and properties
- aldehydes
- alkaloids
- In alkaloid
- condensation reactions
- diazonium salts


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Saturday, February 04, 2012
Captain Rio cruises thoroughbred feature
Two Thoroughbred handicaps shared the billing at Sharjah on Saturday afternoon on a six race card generously sponsored by Al Basti Equiworld.
The first of them, over the minimum trip of 1000m, was won by the Satish Seemar-trained Captain Rio who was opening his UAE account at the 13th attempt and recording only his second career victory.
The following 2000m handicap was the second for Thoroughbreds and Busker doubled his career winning tally by winning comfortably under Pat Cosgrave for his main employer Mubarak bin Shafya.
Cosgrave had been in the saddle when Busker opened his account in a 1700m maiden on this course in December and the winning jockey said: "He clearly likes it around here and this dirt surface really suits him. This was a far better race than the one he won before but that at least showed he likes here at Sharjah. It would be nice to think that we could find another race for him here and he has proved this longer trip is not a problem."
The best of the Purebred Arabian races was the concluding 1700m handicap and Almajd was delivered to land the spoils in the shadows of the post by Richard Hills who was riding for his main employer His Highness Sheikh Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum.
Trained by Doug Watson, Almajd has actually passed the post first in each of his four career starts but was demoted to second on his first start having caused interference.
He still looks immature and jockey Hills said: "He is a promising young horse who is learning all the time. It takes him a while to get going but he will battle for you when asked and I would like to think he has more to offer with extra experience."
Ted Durcan was the jockey in form, snaring a double courtesy of the Mohamed Al Ketbi-trained Mesk Al Reef in the opening 1200m maiden and As Satiaa in a 1700m maiden. The latter is trained by Tony Manuel.
Durcan said: "It has been a good afternoon and I arrived thinking I had a few reasonable chances but to get a double is probably more than I could realistically have hoped for."
A second 1200m maiden was won by Uba Al Mels who was never far off the pace under Royston Ffrench who was struggling to pull the four-year-old up after they had charged past the line. It was a good effort and delighted his trainer Mohd Ramadan who said: "He ran very well at Abu Dhabi on turf last time and I was hoping he would go close. He won well and I am obviously pleased."
Read more articles in the Emirates Racing Authority category.


text: On Tue, 30 Sep 2008, Jon Forrest wrote: > The trouble with rebooting nodes is that this takes human energy. When using a queueing system, rebooting nodes can be automated easily: - the node to be rebooted is switched to "offline" state so that the scheduler doesn't attempt to start new jobs on it - wait until the currently running job finishes - reboot - put the node back "online" so that the scheduler can again start jobs on it All the steps except the reboot itself are interactions with the queueing system and can happen on the frontend/master node only. The reboot step requires some interaction with the node, either remote shell access to run /sbin/reboot or some other way to restart it (IPMI, remote power management, etc.) > It's easier to keep nodes up as long possible With the increasing number of nodes in clusters these days, the overall failure rate also increases. It's much easier to deal with failures when they are not seen as a catastrophe, "twist my fingers and hope that the node is coming up properly and everything still works" kind, but rather as nodes simply going up and down. > This is a good idea. Can you write more about this? The e-mail from Brian Oborn has described in a few words the principle, probably better than I could have done it myself. If you want more details, ask more precise questions and I guess that any of us could answer. -- Bogdan Costescu IWR, University of Heidelberg, INF 368, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany Phone: +49 6221 54 8869/8240, Fax: +49 6221 54 8868/8850 E-mail: bogdan.costescu at iwr.uni-heidelberg.de


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I too use Family Tree Builder and am extremely happy with it. When I first started to get serious with the family history, I downloaded Personal Ancestral File from Familysearch.org. It was fine to start with but is very basic. I found Family Tree Builder and was happy with it. However, I had read a lot about Family Tree Maker and how it was supposed to be the "king" of genealoty software so when Best Buy had it on sale, I caved and bought it. From the start I didn't like it. I find it too confusing trying to input info and I didn't like the layout. The only thing good about it was that I got a free years subscription to Ancestry! I immediatly went back to Familty Tree Builder and am very happy with it. It is so user friendly and I like how it looks. For a free download, it wonderful.ReplyDelete
Hi Alana! Yes, the more I use Family Tree Builder the more I like it. It is so straight forward and easy to manage all the trees I have on there it is also a pretty no frills program (which I actually like). I bought Family Tree Maker in 1998 when I was still a newbie at genealogy and while it was nice, I knew even then that it wasn't the program for me (too many extra steps). I understand that the newest version also has some crash issues when it comes to displaying certain charts. But yes, Family Tree Builder is one of the better free downloads I've come across. If anyone is looking for a copy of it: http://www.myheritage.com/family-tree-builderReplyDelete


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Published on
Northeast Technological Education Center (NEATEC)
Hudson Valley Community College
STEM Introduction Topic
Secondary Level - Grades 9th-12th – Assessment
NEATEC Mission Statement:
"The Northeast Advanced Technological Education Center (NEATEC) is a Regional Center for Semiconductor and Nanotechnology Education funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF DUE #1003574) to serve as a critical, sustainable resource to create and maintain a skilled technical workforce for the semiconductor and nanotechnology industries in New York State and Western New England. Through an extensive network of community college, university, and industry partners, NEATEC will identify the essential technician competencies and skills required by such a workforce. NEATEC will develop curricular components and delivery methods to impart those skills to students. NEATEC will also create and disseminate educational materials to support curricula implementation at its community college and high school partners and provide professional development activities for K-12 schools and community college faculty. Lastly, through partner internships, co-ops, shadowing opportunities and outreach activities, NEATEC will educate current and future students regarding technological career pathways and expand the pipeline of K-12 students interested in semiconductor and nanotechnology career options."
Amstuz Science Hall, 205
Hudson Valley Community College
80 Vandenburgh Avenue, Troy, NY 12180
Abraham Michelen, Ph.D.
Executive Director
Ph. (518) 629-7580 (office)
(518) 698-9312 (c)
Support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation's Advanced technological Education (ATE) Program through Grant #DUE 1003574.
Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and Creator(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation.
What is STEM?
With all the acronyms that determine hundreds of different areas of education, it is easy to confuse them all. Since 2001, the letters STEM have been a normal part of educational vocabulary.
The acronym STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. This program was started by Judith A. Ramaley, the former director of the National Science Foundation's education and human-resources division. This approach to education is designed to revolutionize the teaching of subject areas such as mathematics and science by incorporating technology and engineering into regular curriculum by creating a "meta-discipline."
There is more; STEM Education attempts to transform the typical teacher-centered classroom by encouraging a curriculum that is driven by problem-solving, discovery, exploratory learning, and requires students to actively engage a situation in order to find its solution.
Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education often has been called a meta-discipline, the "creation of a discipline based on the integration of other disciplinary knowledge into a new 'whole'. This interdisciplinary bridging among discrete disciplines is now treated as an entity, known as STEM (Morrison, 2006). " STEM education offers students one of the best opportunities to make sense of the world holistically, rather than in bits and pieces. STEM education removes the traditional barriers erected between the four disciplines, by integrating them into one cohesive teaching and learning paradigm. Morrison and others have referred to STEM as being an interdisciplinary approach. "STEM education is an interdisciplinary approach to learning where rigorous academic concepts are coupled with real-world lessons as students apply science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in contexts that make connections between school, community, work, and the global enterprise enabling the development of STEM literacy and with it the ability to compete in the new economy (Tsupros, 2009)."
What is a NEATEC Learning Module (NLM)?
A NEATEC Learning Module (NLM) is self-contained unit that can be incorporated into existing science, math, and technology classes to supplement and enhance the content and the laboratory activities of the class. Each module includes all or some of the following sections:
• Background information about the topic of the unit
• A teacher's guide
• A student's guide
• List of lab materials for laboratory activities
• A list of teacher's and student's resources
• Power Point slides
The set of modules offered by NEATEC are divided into five categories based on the level of understanding of the participants:
1. NLM K-2: These are units suitable for students in grades Kindergarten to 2nd grades.
2. NLM 3-5. These are units suitable for students in grades 3rd to 5th grades.
3. NLM 6-8. These are units suitable for students in grades 6th to 8th grades.
4. NLM 9-12. These are units suitable for students in grades 9rd to 12th grades.
5. NLM for Community Colleges.
NEATEC Learning Modules include topics on Nanotechnology, Semiconductors, Photovoltaic, Alternate Energy, Mathematics, General Science and Technology.
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:
Northeast Advanced Technological Education Center (NEATEC)


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The M.A. (Missiological Studies) provides you with specialized knowledge and skills to engage, encourage, and support people from another culture with the gospel of Jesus Christ. It prepares you for life and work in a multicultural world.
This program will equip you to:
- Apply biblical principles and models for participating in the global mission of God
- Develop twenty-first-century strategies for participating in the global mission of God
- Conduct informed cultural analysis and population segment research
Potential ministry opportunities for program graduates include:
- Serving as a member of a missionary team in a cross-cultural context
- Serving as an ethnic outreach coordinator
- Serving as a mobilizer for a mission agency
- Serving as an international student worker
- Working as a member of a non-governmental organization (NGO)
- Working as a tentmaker or in a creative access role overseas
Review our course requirements and begin the application process.
David G. Cashin
Professor of Intercultural Studies
B.A., Gordon College; M.A., Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; M.A., Ph.D., Stockholm University, SwedenRead More...
Victor Cuartas
Associate Professor of Intercultural Studies
D.Min. Regent University; Ph.D. Columbia International UniversityRead More...
Ed Smither
Dean, College of Intercultural Studies
B.A., North Carolina State University; M.A., M.Div.,Liberty University; Ph.D., University of Wales-Trinity Saint David; Ph.D., University of Pretoria
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text:
Right-wing blogs trivialize threats against Democrats
Research ››› ››› ERIC SCHROECK
Right-wing blogs have responded to reported threats against Democrats who voted for the health care reform bill by trivializing the threats or suggesting that the reports are false, condemning the threats but making excuses for them, suggesting that Democrats themselves are to blame for receiving the threats, or suggesting other acts of violence that people could commit against their congressional representative.
Right-wing blogs trivialize threats, make excuses, blame Democrats
Big Government: "We doubt these threats are actually real and, certainly wouldn't condone them." In a March 25 post, the "Editorial Panel" of Andrew Breitbart's BigGovernment.com wrote: "Democrats and the leftist media are all atwitter about alleged threats of violence against Congressmen who voted for ObamaCare. We doubt these threats are actually real and, certainly wouldn't condone them." The post continued: "But, here's a tip: Hey Democrats, if you are worried about an angry public, how about not passing a sweeping government expansion opposed by 70% of the public. Just a thought."
Big Journalism's Walsh: Media "never once stops to question whether the Alinsky Party is, you know, exaggerating or even lying." In a March 24 post on Breitbart's BigJournalism.com about a report noting House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer warned Democrats about potential violence, Michael Walsh wrote: "Naturally, the media accepts this allegation at face value, and never once stops to question whether the Alinsky Party is, you know, exaggerating or even lying -- as the spiritual mentor of both Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton taught it to do." Walsh later stated: "So listen up, MSM [mainstream media], and consider this speaking out: God forbid that anything should happen. But if it does happen, try not to leap to pre-planted conclusions that fit the narrative: 'Democrats good/Republicans bad.' "
Gateway Pundit: "Suddenly the State-Run Media is Horrified that Politician's [sic] Home Addresses Are Published on the Internet." In a March 24 post responding to reports that the FBI is investigating an incident at the home of Rep. Tom Perriello's (D-VA) brother, at which a gas line was allegedly cut, Jim Hoft wrote, "Suddenly the State-Run Media is Horrified that Politician's [sic] Home Addresses Are Published on the Internet." Hoft further wrote: "This week an angry tea party activist published the address of a Virginia Congressman on his blog and suggested that Tea Party Protesters go visit this socialist at home... The tea party organizer did not direct anyone to harm the Congressman. But, that won't stop the leftist media from going berserk over the incident."
Confederate Yankee: "[H]ave a swing" at "your Congressman" instead. In a March 24 blog post, right-wing blogger Confederate Yankee wrote that it is "totally unacceptable to threaten" Congress members' "relatives or friends and put them in danger." Confederate Yankee added: "Go to your Congressman's office and scream at him in the most colorful language possible. Hang him in effigy at protests. If you're willing to do the time for the crime, have a swing at him."
NewsBusters: "The Media's Myth of Right Wing Violence." In a March 24 NewsBusters post, Mithridate Ombud wrote that while "[t]hose who commit violence in the name of politics deserve political change no more than they deserve leniency in sentencing," President Obama's "desire to continue ramming through the most divisive legislation -- against his own creed -- isn't helping bring calm to even the most peaceful conservatives. And while the evidence of a violent right is scarce, there's no limit to liberals attempting to make conservatives look evil." Ombud further stated, "Whether this is a shortcut to 2nd Amendment action, valid concern, or just a bunch of crybaby progressive politicians over reacting to criticism, it's hard to tell." Ombud concluded: "The media and politicians who are trying to construct a meme of conservative violence as we run up to the 2010 elections should only face the weapon they fear most; the ballot."
Dan Riehl: "Dems Have Only Themselves To Blame For Threats." In a March 24 post on his blog titled, "Dems Have Only Themselves To Blame For Threats," Dan Riehl wrote: "No one should seriously enjoy seeing this type of thing going on. Though, I'd add, the Netroots crowd would have absolutely no problem with this were the shoe on the other foot. But it's not. It's on theirs." Riehl later wrote of Democrats who received threats: "These malignant little tyrants want to play the victim? After victimizing America with their pathetic antics, their corrupt practices, all to push a destructive ideology America has long rejected? The Democrats are the real criminals here. They have torn the fabric of America with a repulsive world view they now hope to thrust upon the American people, whether we like it, or not."
John Hinderaker: Threats "being played up in the press because the Democrats want to dampen the anger that has erupted" over health care reform. In a March 24 Powerline post, John Hinderaker wrote, "We condemn political violence in virtually all circumstances; certainly in all circumstances that could arise in our democracy." Hinderaker later wrote that "[t]he current threats (assuming they are real, as I assume some of them are) are being played up in the press because the Democrats want to dampen the anger that has erupted over their adoption of a government medicine program through a series of legislative maneuvers that are in some respects unprecedented." From Hinderaker's post:
We condemn political violence in virtually all circumstances; certainly in all circumstances that could arise in our democracy. Threats of violence, sadly, are not uncommon in politics; let alone "harassment." Even insignificant conservatives like us have been threatened with violence on several occasions, and the linked article notes that Jim Bunning received threats after he temporarily held up the extension of unemployment benefits a few weeks ago.
The current threats (assuming they are real, as I assume some of them are) are being played up in the press because the Democrats want to dampen the anger that has erupted over their adoption of a government medicine program through a series of legislative maneuvers that are in some respects unprecedented. It is important for the Democrats and their press minions to understand that there are many millions of Americans who regard Obamacare not just as misguided public policy, but as an illegitimate usurpation of power. I am one of the many millions who are outraged at the Left's attempt to destroy the private health care system that has served my family so well, and who regard Obamacare as illegitimate.
As for the threats, we will take them more seriously if they result in the cancellation of a public appearance by a liberal due to security concerns. But that never happens to liberals, only to conservatives. It happened again last night. That was in Canada, of course; the home of government medicine and little regard for free speech. No coincidence, that.
Lopez: "Threats are wrong. But they also are somewhat commonplace." In a post on National Review Online's The Corner blog, Kathryn Jean Lopez quoted from Hinderaker's Powerline post and downplayed the threats against Democrats:
Threats are wrong. But they also are somewhat commonplace. Take deep breaths and work harder, is my advice to anyone to receives one.
Let's not pretend that Obamacare critics are all violent or otherwise breed violence. And let's not pretend that John Boehner and Eric Cantor, or Jonah Goldberg and Kathryn Lopez, haven't been subject to ridiculous -- albeit disconcerting -- threats, too. This is bad news, but it didn't materialize this Saturday or Sunday with a "Don't Tread on Me" flag.
Fox News figures condemn threats against Democrats -- but then make excuses for them
As Media Matters for America has noted, several Fox News hosts and guests -- including Gretchen Carlson, Steve Doocy, and Brian Kilmeade; Glenn Beck, Sean Hannity, S.E. Cupp, Charles Krauthammer, and Stephen Hayes -- have been quick to first condemn the threats against Democrats but then immediately make excuses for or dismiss the seriousness of the threats.
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This letter describes the journey made in 1829 by members of a prominent Virginia family from Lynchburg, Virginia to Leon County, Florida. It was written by Harriet Randolph, age 27, to her mother Jane Cary Randolph, who was still in Lynchburg but preparing to join her daughter in Florida. The patriarch of the family was Thomas Eston Randolph of Dungeness Plantation, who for economic reasons determined in the late 1820s to remove his family from Virginia. Randolph's son-in-law, Francis Eppes, visited Leon County in 1828 and early 1829, and rented and purchased lands on which to establish a plantation. In May 1829 Eppes and his wife Elizabeth, along with their three children, and Elizabeth's siblings Harriet and Arthur, left Lynchburg for Florida.
The party traveled to Danville, Virginia, then through the Carolinas to Augusta, Georgia. They crossed through Georgia until reaching Thomas County, after which they moved southward into Leon County, Florida. The lands they originally settled on were approximately eleven miles northwest of Tallahassee. Following the arrival of the overland party, another group of Randolphs, including both Thomas Eston Randolph and his wife Jane Cary Randolph, came to Florida by sea. They left Norfolk on November 1, 1829 and reached the St. Marks River south of Tallahassee on November 18. The two families built up large plantations over the next few years. While Jane Randolph died in 1832, Thomas Eston Randolph lived on until 1842. He helped found the St. John's Episcopal Church, and served as U.S. Marshall for Middle Florida. Their son-in-law, Francis Eppes, lived until 1881 and became a prominent member of Tallahassee society.
Ballyvourniere June 19th, 1829
Well Dearest Mother!
our journey, with all its dangers and difficulties is at length happily over. Heaven be praised.--we arrived here this morning to breakfast, and I do assure you, beacon light was never hailed with more joy by tempest tossed seamen, than was the first peep of the log house by us. we have been resting, & looking round us all day, and it is now so late in the evening that I shall only be able to write a very few lines.
Francis has promised to send to Tallahassee, to- morrow for the letter we expect to receive from home, & as it is too far to send every day, this must be put in at the same time. --we had a very hard time from Augusta to Hartford. dreadful weather, horrid roads, poisonous water.
from Hartford here however, our journey has been quite prosper- -ous. we camped out only twice. both nights in the Georgia pine barrens, on high dry ground, & in beautiful weather, & so far from thinking it a hardship, we were quite delighted with the exchange from the filthy dens, we had been sleeping in. but for the saving of time we should not have gone to a house again.
we are all much thinner than when we left home, but we have borne our fatigue and hardships, much better upon the whole than could have been expected.- I was made very sick immediately after lea- -ving Augusta by the bad water, and suffered during the rest of the journey more than I can tell you, but for a few days past, indeed ever since we crossed the Occlocknee, & left the region of rotten lime stone, -- I have been much better. the complaint has left me, & I shall soon be strong again.


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Apple, Juniper, Amphenol to Benefit from China LTE Licenses, Says Cantor
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Cantor Fitzgerald's Brian White, who follows shares of Apple (AAPL), among other names, this morning writes that China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology this morning granted licenses for fourth-generation cellular networks based on the "TD-LTE" standard to the three operators in the country, China Mobile (CHL), China Unicom (CHU), and China Telecom (CHA), and that it has implications for both infrastructure and handset providers.
The licenses follow the granting of 3G licenses in 2009, he notes. After multiple delays in the 4G roll-out, the licenses should help lift carrier spending on infrastructure in China, he believes, though there will be a second shoe to drop at the end of 2014, the granting of licenses based on another technology standard for 4G, "FDD-LTE."
Among beneficiaries, White sees Amphenol (APH) and Juniper Networks (JNPR) benefitting, along with China-based infrastructure providers Huawei and ZTE (0763HK):
The issuance of 4G licenses will drive capital investment across the networks and act as a stimulus to China's economy, which has been soft in 2013. Finally, this TD-LTE 4G license issuance is not the end game, in our view, as we expect FDD-LTE 4G licenses to be issued before the end of 2014, providing further network investment across China. For example, we believe China Telecom is focused on building a hybrid network (they already began a TD-LTE 4G trial network in seven cities) across TD-LTE 4G and FDD-LTE 4G, while we believe China Unicom may be more focused on FDD-LTE 4G. Waiting on these licenses has caused more of a back-end loaded year for capital spending across these three carriers, with approximately 30% of capital spending occurring in the first half of 2013 and the remaining 70% planned for the second-half of the year (albeit this could be pushed out a bit into 2014). In our coverage universe, networking equipment vendors such as Juniper, Cisco, and F5 Networks have participated in the build-out of the 3G mobile Internet in China in the past. We believe the 4G ramp in China will be a process over the next few years, disproportionately benefitting the China-based telecom equipment vendors such as Huawei and ZTE (to a lesser extent Datang Telecom), along with international vendors such as Alcatel-Lucent (ALU), Ericsson (ERIC) and others. In our tech supply chain coverage universe, we believe Amphenol will benefit from 4G orders across these telecom vendors. There are also numerous semiconductor companies that we believe are likely to benefit from this ramp. In our networking coverage, we believe investment in a higher performance network will ultimately benefit Juniper Networks, which has been gaining traction in China over the past few years, while F5 Networks should continue to participate in carrier data centers. Over the years, Cisco Systems (CSCO) has been an important player in China (~5% of sales); however, the company has experienced challenges over the past several quarters given the Huawei situation in the U.S. market, and we do not expect this to change in the near term.
Of course, talk of Apple getting an iPhone deal with China Mobile has been a focus of the Street this week. The granting of licenses is the event that White was waiting for to make it practical for Apple to close a deal with the carrier:
China Mobile has been operating a trial TD-LTE for several quarters, with over 100 TD-LTE 4G devices under development; however, the company mentioned in August that it had plans to procure just over 1 million TD-LTE devices this year. In terms of TD-LTE base stations, China Mobile has discussed plans to build over 200,000 by the end of 2013 (vs. 28,000 this summer), and we believe this number could reach 500,000 over the next 2-3 years. Keep in mind, we believe China Mobile has approximately 1.3 million base stations across its network today, with only approximately 70% being 2G base stations […] Our research in China over the past year made it very clear to us that an agreement between Apple and China Mobile would need to take place after 4G licenses were issued in China to realize the economics of scale a more global network technology (i.e., TD-LTE can be used outside of China), and this milestone has now been officially reached. With China Mobile's 759.3 million mobile subscribers (with 176 million 3G subscribers), Apple now has the opportunity to tap into the largest carrier in the world, and we believe the potential for a larger-sized iPhone next year will provide Apple with an incremental growth opportunity, accelerating sales growth in China (15% of 4Q:FY13 sales).


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More Trouble Ahead for J.C. Penney?
J.C. Penney is striking back against reports that it's not having any problems with its vendors. Shares have been moving around as a result. David Benoit discusses on MoneyBeat. Photo: AP.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... ay ay mm mm ... the panniers for combat its report that the problem with the vendor financing ... shares of beans ... you really jumping around a plunge yesterday to back up this morning ... was all this news what is really going on at J C Penney ... a plan that this morning on the MoneyBeat show investors weekend ... was felt that day Benoit joins us to talk about this one ... I he got a lot of craziness the last twelve fifteen hours of soap or D C twenty last two years ... I am really ... right so so so we know this morning ... also this morning J C Penney and out with a pretty strongly worded statement refuting in a story that published yesterday saying that CIT which is coming ... the lender ... cry for for ... retail Moonah ... the store yesterday said that the NT was ... learned about J C Penney and was kind of ... trying to ... essentially ... forced him to pay off ... the run on their financial interests ... the study comes out says no way this is not sure we talk to CIT themselves and an untold CIT has no concerns ... following just a case for gobbling up one point five billion dollars cash sitting are really not in my credit problem ... ALM ... so right yes a historian around will after three o'clock right ... write ... down ten percent ... in this morning there up like seven percent but I hope they don't do it we were up about two percent were is shown that there ... so it what what really stands out about disease to stock up to fifteen dollars for more than two percent is up a ... fight ... write what really stands out about this is ... how will I mean that this is our century old company ... this is this dodgy boring read a lot ... and is the stock moves like ... that you know what is aimed at tightening isn't that big traders dream write exactly I mean certainly ... received a sense Bill Ackman showed up a couple years ago it took a huge stake in company as a seventeen percent sell ... items on the board ... the main use agitating for change ... he got the CD wanna try putting Iran Ron Johnson came over from Apple right ... the star of worldwide retail was actually ... in ... the plans to get going nowhere ... sales plummeted to include the company still trying to pull back from what happened ... and that is emitted a trader's he said ... I mean these bets are on whether J C Penney's can ... exist in ... twenty years it's on ... what the lacquer Institute writes Rory was gonna look like me ... and it's not even an issue ... here is ... that J C Penney's for the stocks that has become a focus of the hedge fund's focus is a trader's ... and ... you know you read about dole out there trying to go private ... I mean this is will we talk about how hard it is to do this in the public eye for ... this is exactly what were talking write exactly I mean if if this story was untrue ... J C Penney has lost ... millions in value write ... on it overnight and it is unable to come back you know even when Cubbies refute these things when they're in their circle of hedge funds whom it doesn't matter is quite as much as when you get it ... without


text:
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Medex SKU: BPL-0052
Manufactured In: USA


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Sepetiniz Boş
Üyeliğinizin bulunduğu e-posta adresini girerek yeni bir şifre alabilirsiniz
Hello Fellow Visitor
First of all, thank you for visiting our website - home of various yarns and hobby supplies.
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To purchase our items from your country, outside of Turkey, you should navigate to our global website,
Thank you very much for your understanding and enjoy your visit!
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text:
YouTube does pretty well for itself. So well, in fact, that between us we upload 72 hours of video to the site every minute — a number which has gone up by 50 per cent in the last year.
That's a whole year's uninterrupted viewing posted ever two hours or — assuming you reach the age of 80 — a lifetime's viewing uploaded in under a week. However you look at it, that's a lot of videos of pets playing with iPads. [Google Blog via GigaOm]


text:
Something is different lately. The Earth has shifted its axis and now everything seems to have moved to the right by a couple of inches. A dark wind blows. The birds aren't flying south like nature normally commands them to, and you can tell the animals know something we don't. These are Strange Daze, Beautiful/Decay's revelation of the phenomenal and paranormal minds of artists. In a world-surreal, where every night holds a full moon, strange has become an adjective that plagues and ponders our daily existence.
Seek creative passage through the barren void in the company of this book's featured artists, as we first find Olaf Hajek, a painter whose work holds séance to colorful spectre. Encounter Shamus Clisset, who plays host to a glimpse into his work and its otherworldly humor-macabre. Become self-aware of a hole in your head as splashes of psychedelic work by Fredrik Åkum drip onto your synthetic brain. Witness the chemical rainbow that glows around the work of Timo Vaittinen, pulsating its life and character. Uncover Hew Locke's sculpture and its ability to pierce through joint and marrow, straight into one's fifth eye. Examine Jeremy Dower's visceral work, which will haunt you like a howling spirit through the realms of both the flesh and digital until finally Neil Krug, whose photography will leave you coma-bound in a visual fever.
In line with apocalyptic forebodings, celestial encounters, and unexplained experiences, Strange Daze presents an astonishing collection of artwork that is documented proof of many famous speculated phenomena. Never one to disappoint Beautiful/Decay Strange Daze is filled to the brim with works that will shake the foundations of human culture forever if released to the masses.
Also Featuring: Christine Gray, Michael Willis, Raymond Lemstra, LNY, Kira Leigh, Todd Ryan White, Jeanti, Justin Williams, Robby Day, Andrea Wan, Henry Gunderson, Berto Legendary H, Nicholas Kennedy Sitton, Ben Beshaw, and Brendan Flanagan.
Get your hands on one of the 1,500 hand numbered limited edition copies of Beautiful/Decay Strange Daze Books by clicking the links below!
Only 99 copies Book:8 will be available on the B/D Shop. Get your copy before we sell out!


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How does one man stay alive with a dozen assassins targeting him?
Ex-soldier Joe Hunter once employed his killer instincts for Don Griffiths. Together, they brought down extremist groups and domestic terrorists before they could implement their destructive plans against the country. It was a job that nearly cost Hunter his life—and his humanity. So he severed all ties with Griffiths.
But when Griffiths' daughter is murdered and the rest of his family is targeted by supporters of Carswell Hicks, an enemy from his past and long believed to be dead, Hunter knows he can't stand by and let innocent people get hurt. Agreeing to help Griffiths protect his family, Hunter sets out on a suicide mission—for a dozen merciless killers are bent on avenging a dead man . . .


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Vol. LXV, No. 24
Wednesday, June 15, 2011
Driving into New York with Procol Harum's Salty Dog on the stereo, father and son heartily agree, not for the first time, that Gary Brooker is one of the great singers of rock and that people who trash his group should, as President Obama said recently in another context, "have their heads examined." By the time the family CRV-stereo-on-wheels is approaching the Holland Tunnel, the Home album is on and father and son are singing lustily along with Gary Brooker to one of the alltime great putdown songs, "Still There'll Be More," which they agree possibly outdoes even Queen's "Death on Two Legs" and Dylan's "Positively 4th Street" for sheer unmitigated attack-mode exuberance.
Not surprisingly, their Manhattan destination is a secondhand record store that the father used to visit in the late 1960s while looking for obscure British imports, which, as it happens, is now the object of the son's quest. The only problem is that in 2011 such records can cost hundreds of dollars, which is why the father is calculating the potential damage while feeding quarters into the Muni-Meter on Sixth Avenue (75 cents for 10 minutes). As he wanders up and down Sullivan and Bleecker and MacDougal, the shops, signs, and cafes bring on the predictable nostalgia for long-ago pre-Muni-Meter New York summers before Fourth Avenue's used bookstores disappeared and the Dodgers and the Giants went west.
Bleecker Bob's
This is a tale of two quite different spaces, polar opposites in a metropolis of extremes. On one level you have the funky, earthy New York that will surely always somehow find a home in one or another of the nooks and crannies of the city. Bleecker Bob's, the secondhand shop at 118 West 3rd where the son is trading records for records to help lower the ultimate cost, has a grubby ambience that inspires thoughts of those great celebrators of urban decrepitude, Balzac, Dickens, and Dostoevsky. BB's is not the place to take an elegant museum-going art lover with a low tolerance for dingy, crowded rooms and sagging wooden floors that creak.
What, then, does a shop in the armpit of the city have to do with the Palace of Art some 70 blocks due north? The answer is two words: "Guitar Heroes." By using a title that instantly evokes legends like Hendrix and Clapton, the Met hopes to cast a wider net. In truth, the heroes in the exhibit are the makers, not the players, of the instruments on display.
Without the electric guitar, it's safe to say there would be no Bleecker Bob's. All due respect to keyboards, drums, saxes and trumpets, the electric guitar is the engine that fired the rock and roll shot heard round the world and began the long-playing record phenomenon that approached its zenith with the Beatles-led British invasion of the mid-1960s, around the time Bob Plotnick opened his doors. Other shops like Venus, Midnight, Second Comings, Stew's, the Shrine, and It's Only Rock and Roll have fallen by the wayside while Bob's has held on to become, by default, a museum in its own right.
Look around. The walls are covered with movie and concert posters and hung with 45 singles, guitars, rock T-shirts, and wall clocks. That shabby rug near the entrance happens to be the same carpet that used to cover the stage of the Night Owl, the West Village nightclub that was once home to early performances by Dylan and Hendrix. Bleecker Bob's took over from the Night Owl in 1984, when Bob moved the shop from the MacDougal Street space it had occupied since the mid-sixties.
One of the major charms of Bleecker Bob's is its promise to stay open 365 days of the year. Better yet, on Saturdays it's open till 3 a.m., a definite plus if you have serious nostalgia for the days when New York was truly the City That Never Sleeps. The Met, on the other hand, is closed on Monday (unless it's a Met Holiday Monday), and shuts its doors at 5:30, except on Fridays and Saturdays when it's open till 9.
In the Back Door
After lunch and two more Muni Meters (in the East Village at least you get 10 minutes for 50 cents), father and son drive up First Avenue, past the UN building, then west on 81st to Fifth and 80th and into the Met's underground garage. The visitors find it less intimidating to enter the palatial domain from the garage rather than ascending that voluminous stairway on Fifth Avenue. Best to approach through the back door after a visit to Bleecker Bob's. Makes for a less wrenching transition.
It took 20 minutes to find "Guitar Heroes." The grandeur of the Met, the sense of marble halls and Olympian vistas, gave the quest a kind of reflected glory. As for the show, subtitled "Legendary Craftsmen from Italy to New York," the nostalgia-besotted father's favorites were Monteleone's Radio City model named for Marilyn Monroe and D'Angelico's New Yorker with its inlaid stylized profile of the Art Deco New Yorker Hotel.
As pleasant as it is to know exactly where you are in a building as complex as the Met, it's more fun to wonder and wander and find yourself surprised by works and artists you thought you knew but didn't. Tiepolo, for instance. What compels attention in The Allegory of the Planets (1752) is a lightness of touch, the sense of a sketch taken to glory, that can only be appreciated in person, up close.
Another surprise was Poussin's Blind Orion Searching for the Missing Sun (1658), in which Orion seems to have stepped out of one of James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking novels. A little research leads to, of all people, the essayist William Hazlitt, who calls Poussin "the most poetical" of all painters: "No one ever told a story half so well, nor so well knew what was capable of being told by the pencil. He seized on, and struck off with grace and precision, just that point of view which would be likely to catch the reader's fancy."
Hazlitt's reader's guide to Poussin seems more than worthy of the painting and makes the father, who has always favored Coleridge at Hazlitt's expense, curious to read more of a writer who sees Orion "setting out on his journey," stalking along, "a giant upon earth" who "reels and falters in his gait, as if just awakened out of sleep, or uncertain of his way."
Rooms and Windows
On their way back to the garage elevators, father and son pass through "Rooms With a View: The Open Window in the 19th Century," which, like "Guitar Heroes," will be up until July 4. Since the museum is about to close, there's not time enough to retain much more than a hurried stroller's sense of the way the works illustrate the theme. While the exhibit's commentary suggests "the window as a metaphor for unfulfilled longing," these tidy, serenely austere interiors by artists the father has never heard of impress him more for the amusing contrast they present to the elaborate disarray of Bleecker Bob's. Only the crowded clutter of Adolph Menzel's Bedroom in Ritterstrasse (1847), with its scrap of rug and glimpse of Berlin outside the window, has anything like BB's wasted charm.
Homeward bound, the bag of records from Bleecker Bob's safely stowed in the back seat, the city-sated travelers admire the sunset over New Jersey and know without discussing it the music they want to hear. All the way to Princeton, the sunset is deepening and the Beatles are singing.
Town Topics® may be purchased on Wednesday mornings at the following locations: Princeton McCaffreys, Coxs, Kiosk (Palmer Square), Krauszers (State Road), Olives, Speedy Mart (State Road), Wawa (University Place); Hopewell Village Express; Rocky Hill Wawa (Route 518); Pennington Pennington Market.
Copyright© Town Topics®, Inc. 2011.
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text:
Back in November, my mama was diagnosed with cancer. In December she had surgery to remove tumors in her abdomen. The surgery was successful, with only cells remaining. We were told by doctors that the rare type of cancer she has does not respond to treatment, but that they were going to try and treat it anyway. About a month ago, half way through her chemo treatments, they did a scan to determine how her body was responding.
We didn't get the news we were wanting. Not only had the cancer returned, but it had also spread. She was sent to a group of specialists who all concluded that there is nothing they can do for her. However, her local oncologist doesn't want to give up, so she is two rounds into another type of chemo.
Reading those paragraphs seems so blunt, so matter of fact. But, really, there is no use in fluffing it up. It is what it is. Cancer. It is blunt and dark.
I have felt just about every emotion possible through this time. At times I am so proud of myself for being strong and believing for a miracle. At others, I have wallowed and found myself already in mourning. The balance is a difficult one. I know that I have to believe in a miracle, while at the same time accepting that she may not be healed. And that no matter what the outcome, God is good.
After we got the news that her cancer had returned, I came home in a fog. Complete desperation and sorrow. I came across a photo of her and my dad from a few years ago and I fell apart, almost as if I had already lost her. Later that afternoon I got an email from a friend. A friend that did not know the latest news or my state of emotions. It opened like this...
"Nurture and protect your hope for your sweet mom. Hope is a driving force. Hope's power is in its ability to transcend logic, facts, circumstances… and time itself. Hope is a sweet gift from the hand of God."
I fell apart. It was exactly the words I needed to hear. I had done such a good of job of hoping and I had just let it go. The email couldn't have come at a better time.
Later that night, I got into bed and picked up the book I had been reading. I had started the book weeks before and, not having a proper bookmark, had just grabbed a piece of paper from my desk and tucked it inside. Weeks had gone by with me pulling it out and laying it aside while I read, always sticking it back in without much thought. But that night was different. I realized that the paper had always been upside down and I didn't even know what was written on the other side. And I felt moved to turn in over to see just what piece of paper I had grabbed all those weeks ago. My heart seemed to stop.
Every Christmas my parents give me and my sisters the same small gift with money hidden throughout the present. This Christmas we each received a set of Rubbermaid containers. As usual, money was hidden throughout the containers, but this year my mama had decided to write a few notes and hide them as well.
On that night, I realized that the piece of paper I had tucked in my book, was the one on which she had written the word, "Hope."
Hope, v.
1. To wish for something with expectation of its fulfillment.
2. To have confidence; trust.
Hope, n.
1. A wish or desire accompanied by confident expectation of its fulfillment.
2. Something that is hoped for or desired.
3. Trust; confidence.
{from the free dictionary}
The following week, we went back for a short visit, and before we left, Michael and I laid hands on my mama and prayed with her. A big prayer. A prayer that asked for a miracle.
Later that night, as I got in bed, I noticed Wonderstruck, by Margaret Feinberg, on my bedside table. I started it a few months ago and hadn't read any more since our move. I felt like it was a good time to pick it back up. It didn't have a bookmark in it, so I was just going to open it up and scan until I found where I had left off. The page I opened up to had two sentences underlined, "A prayer marked by faith is never about what happens on our terms or time lines, but God's. Faith-stained prayer brings us to a place of trust and hope."
Hope. Again. Still.
I know that God is giving me hope. And I'm clinging to it. That I can trust him. Its really all I can do. Just live in obedience to Him and know that He is good. No matter our circumstances. No matter what happens with my mama. He is good. He is always good.


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MSNBC will bring Keith Olbermann back from suspension on Tuesday
MSNBC has decided to return "Countdown" host Keith Olbermann to work on Tuesday, meaning that his much-discussed suspension for making unauthorized political donations will have lasted all of two work days.
In a statement released late Sunday, MSNBC President Phil Griffin said: "After several days of deliberation and discussion, I have determined that suspending Keith through and including Monday night's program is an appropriate punishment for his violation of our policy. We look forward to having him back on the air Tuesday night."
Since Olbermann's indefinite suspension was announced Friday, many critics have questioned the decision, including Rachel Maddow, Olbermann's colleague on the prime-time lineup.
-Scott Collins (Twitter: @scottcollinsLAT)
Photo: Keith Olbermann; Credit: Mark J. Terrill/Associated Press


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Molecules at an Exhibiion in the National Lottery Sergio Musmanni | added on May 22, 2011 | Costa Rica Ten chemicals will be displayed, one on each piece of lottery (1-10). The proposed graphic design would contain the chemical structure, the generic name and the logo of IYC and Colegio de Quimicos. Information of the importance of the chemical will be available on a web page (Fundacion CIENTEC) with a short explanation.
|publications, website, celebrating chemistry
|general public


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bring your mates to our Great sporting events!
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Hungry for a great deal? Enjoy Big Game Grub & drinks
If you're looking for a drink and the beautiful game, you're in the right place. We show all the big games live at Hungry Horse. Hungry for a great deal too? Enjoy a Big Game Grub Sports Bucket for just £3. Thirsty for more? Whatever you fancy, we've got it by the tap full. So get your mates down for a game to remember.
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