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April 9, 2019, 10:15 pmTobias Harris - F - Philadelphia Sixers
Tobias Harris could barely buy a bucket on Tuesday as he went 3-for-16 from the field to end the night with six points, nine rebounds and two assists.
This was a sour game coming from Harris, who appears to be in the midst of a mini-slump as the Sixers go through the motions of playing out the "silly games" of the season. He's been a solid mid-round play since joining the Sixers and we can mostly attribute these poor performances to a bit of fatigue with 2018-19 winding to a close.
Fantasy News
April 18, 2019, 7:51 pmJoel Embiid - F/C - Philadelphia Sixers
Joel Embiid (left knee soreness) has been ruled out of Thursday's Game 3 against the Nets and Greg Monroe will start in his place.
Game 3 has quickly become an absolute must-win for the Nets, who can't afford to squander an opportunity with Philadelphia losing their major matchup advantage at center. Monroe, Boban Marjanovic, Jonah Bolden and Mike Scott will take up most of the center minutes tonight, though we may see Ben Simmons log some time at the five considering he'd like to get more post touches. Embiid's health is going to determine the length of Philly's playoff run, but we doubt that the Sixers would put the cart before the horse here with the Nets proving to be a very capable opponent. If he can't get close to full strength in the coming days, this first-round series will get very, very interesting. Embiid was unable to play tonight despite two days off since Game 2, which is not a great sign with Game 4 set for Saturday afternoon.
Source: Dave McMenamin on Twitter
April 18, 2019, 6:43 pmJames Ennis III - F - Philadelphia Sixers
James Ennis III has been cleared to play more than 12 minutes in Thursday's matchup against the Nets but coach Brett Brown didn't specify an exact number of minutes that he would be limited to.
The Sixers can use all the help they can get off of their bench and Ennis III is a valuable member of that unit. Expect him to play around the 20 minute limit but with no official word from head coach Brown, it will be hard to predict.
Source: Tom Moore on Twitter
April 18, 2019, 6:33 pmJoel Embiid - F/C - Philadelphia Sixers
Joel Embiid (left knee soreness) is a game-time decision ahead of Thursday's tip-off against the Nets.
Embiid has been a game-time decision throughout this series and the same can be said for Thursday's Game 3. Check for a status update prior to tip-off but expect Joel to be in the starting lineup.
Source: Dave McMenamin on Twitter
April 18, 2019, 6:24 pmJared Dudley - F - Brooklyn Nets
As expected, the Nets have officially listed Jared Dudley (right calf tightness) as available for Thursday's matchup against the Sixers.
Dudley's defensive contribution off the bench was crucial in their Game 1 victory. The Nets could have used his skill set in Game 2. Look for him to take all of Rondae Hollis-Jefferson's playing time as the Nets try to take a 2-1 lead in the series.
Source: Keith Pompey on Twitter
April 18, 2019, 6:22 pmEnes Kanter - C - Trail Blazers
Enes Kanter (right hand contusion) is not on the official injury report ahead of Friday's game against the Thunder.
Kanter has proven to be a valuable piece in this first round series as he faces his former team. The hand injury he suffered in Game 2 will not affect his availability for Friday.
Source: NBA Injury Report
April 18, 2019, 6:13 pmTim Hardaway Jr. - G - Dallas Mavericks
Tim Hardaway Jr. had successful surgery for a stress injury to his left tibia and is expected to begin rehabilitation immediately.
With the surgery now behind Hardaway Jr., he will begin on his road to recovery. The Mavs expect him to be ready for basketball activities prior to the start of training camp. Continue to watch his recovery because there is still a chance that he will not be healthy enough to start next season.
Source: Isaac Harris on Twitter
April 18, 2019, 3:49 pmKyle Anderson - F - Memphis Grizzlies
Kyle Anderson underwent successful thoracic outlet decompression surgery on Wednesday and is expected to make a full recovery before the Grizzlies' 2019 training camp.
Anderson was hampered by injuries throughout the 2018-2019 campaign. Hopefully, this operation will allow Anderson to bounce back from a disappointing season.
Source: Grizzlies PR on Twitter
April 18, 2019, 1:36 pmPatrick McCaw - G - Toronto Raptors
Patrick McCaw (right thumb sprain) is officially listed as questionable for Friday's Game 3.
McCaw is expected to be available so this could just be a formality, but we'll wait for final word tomorrow either way. He's not a lock to be in the rotation, but he'd likely take Jodie Meeks' minutes as a guy who can help defend Terrence Ross, Evan Fournier and D.J. Augustin.
Source: NBA Injury Report
April 18, 2019, 1:21 pmChris Boucher - F - Toronto Raptors
Chris Boucher (back spasms) will not play in Friday's Game 3.
Boucher is at the very end of the Raptors' bench and is not expected to see any minutes against a heavy Orlando frontline. Eric Moreland will remain the team's third center.
Source: Blake Murphy on Twitter
April 18, 2019, 1:16 pmDeandre Ayton - C - Phoenix Suns
When asked what he'll be focusing on this offseason, Deandre Ayton mentiong ball-handling and 3-point shooting.
Ayton didn't mention his defense, which might be something that the Suns should encourage. Regardless, Ayton looks like he's trying to grow into a true modern big man who can push the ball in transition and stretch the floor a bit. He's a decent mid-range shooter and hits his free throws at a good clip so working on an outside shot shouldn't be a monumental stretch or anything. He was already a third-round player in his rookie season, and if he can add some assists and threes to his game without sacrificing efficiency then we could see another jump in year two.
Source: The Athletic


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Egypt is conventionally described as our biggest ally in the Arab world. We give Egypt over $1 billion in aid annually, much of it military. Have you ever wondered why? Claire Berlinski writes:
Two days ago a friend said to me, "I've never understood why we give Egypt so much military aid." I've actually been waiting patiently since 1993 for someone to say that to me.
I wrote my doctoral dissertation about the formation of American arms transfer policy toward the Arab-Israeli antagonists.
Claire's answer to the question is here. (PDF will download.) As is so often the case, the roots of our policy date to the Cold War.

subset: commoncrawl


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We love it when companies just get it. Valve Software and its announcement of SteamCloud is a prime example. As reported by John Walker at Rock, Paper, Shotgun, SteamCloud will let anyone using Valve's Steam PC game download and networking service carry over saved game files, mouse, and keyboard configurations and other player-specific info regardless of where you log in. In other words, if you're at a friend's house and you want to jump into a game of
Mr. Walker outlined several other features Valve is working on for Steam, including automatic driver updates and a hardware-compatibility check to make sure your PC can play the games you're interested in before you make a purchase.
We've heard a lot of noise from other vendors, Microsoft specifically, about making it easier to play games on your PC, but no one else has come up with a solution that ties in so directly to the games you want to play. Best of all, Steam, SteamCloud, and all of Steam's community and player matching services are free via a simple download.
Endgame review -- Three-hour Marvel thrill ride tops Infinity War: The satisfying superhero epic doesn't leave a second to spare. No spoilers.
The Game Boy was designed to last for a lifetime (my lifetime): On its 30th anniversary, a look at what made the original Game Boy so special.


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....statistics on the Pennsylvania Match 6 Lotto by LottoSoup.com
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Numbers 2004 to Present
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Frequency Table
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Position Frequencies
Position Frequencies By First Numbers 1-14
First Position by Year
Second Position by Year
Third Position by Year
Fourth Position by Year
Fifth Position by Year
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Hits 3 to 6 Draws
Yearly Cycles
Best 2 Numbers +Overdue Draws
Best 3 Numbers
Best 4 Numbers +Draw Intervals
Total Monthly Frequencies
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Prime Numbers
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Repeating Numbers
Number Cohorts
Best Numbers Tuesday Friday Draws
Best Numbers Monday Thursday Draws
Best Sums By Low Numbers By Order
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Odd Even 0,6 Sum Ranges
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Odd Even 4,2 Sum Ranges
Odd Even 5,1 Sum Ranges
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MATCH 6 LOTTO's Recent Winning Numbers and their Sums are shown for the past eighteen months. Use this Table as a comparison to the Sums of Numbers Summary on the Home page to see how the recent Winning Sums fit the Best Winning Sums there.
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Sometimes all a gluten-free girl wants is pizza and fries. Is that supposed to be a burger and fries? Well, veggie burgers are good, too. But in this case, I wanted my pizza and to have fries too. But not any old potato fry would do! Lately I've been absolutely obsessed with finding new, interesting ways to use my Pocono Organic Cream of Buckwheat Cereal. I love it plain, as is, or topped with some kind of fresh veggie vinaigrette bit or roasted veggies- but it can be almost more fun to use it in other, more standardly corn or semolina grit recipes. I made some really tasty buckwheat gnocchi, and that was good, but I have recently been inspired by Kate of Gluten Free Gobsmacked to make fries out of polenta. One day when I made a little too much buckwheat cereal and had some leftover vegan pesto, it occurred to me- why not make "polenta" fries out of buckwheat cereal instead of corn grits? And a new dish was born! I stirred in some pesto into the mash, cooled it, cut it into fries and browned it in the oven until all crispy and crunchy. The texture of buckwheat is a bit different than corn- Buckwheat mash has a larger flakes so the fries have more texture, almost like tempeh, but nevertheless, it makes a darned tasty fry, and if any bits crumble off, you can just gobble them up before anyone is the wiser. Not that, ahem, I did any such thing. Cough. Cough. I had some leftover tomato juice from stewed tomatoes as well, so I reduced that into a nice, sweet sauce and dipped my tasty little fries in that and had a very nice mid-afternoon snack.
Admittedly NOT on the same day (a day or so before in fact) I'd played with an onion marmalade recipe I'd found in this Amazing Soy cookbook (the recipe actually contained no soy whatsoever, so take heart if you are soy intolerant) and made up a very yummy mini pizza with caramelized onion topping, thyme and pecans. Vegan pizzas, including ones I've made, often try to recreate "cheesiness" and can succeed or fail based on the palatability of that cheese substitute. However, another way to go is to forgo any attempt at "cheese" and just celebrate the merits of vegetables on their own. Caramelizing onions until gewy and intensely sweet is one way to do that- and the fresh thyme brightened the flavor notes while the pecan added just the right nutty "meat" to the dish. I also made an old favorite- a simple vegan basil pesto topping that can be as simple or complex as you like, depending on what you pile on top of it. I was in the mood for simple food, so we just had our pizza with straight pesto. DH proclaimed them both a success on the Chebe crusts, but his favorite was definitely the onion. Unfortunately we liked them so much I didn't have any to photograph the next morning in good light, so I'm afraid you're stuck with my nighttime shots. Both were oh-so-good and perfect for vegan diners as well as dairy-intolerant gluten-free folk. (If you want to make your pizza from scratch, I recommend Carol Fenster's pizza recipe SANS gelatin, a totally unnecessary ingredient.)
The next time you're in the mood for pizza and/or fries, why not try one of my gloriously vegan pizzas? Less calories than cheese and just as flavorful, if not more so, than their dairy friends. And the fries, well, those are definite crowd pleasers- although when I ate mine, it was a banquet for one at our sunny dining room table. I warn you- this recipe is addicting, so if you have to share, you might want to double or even triple the recipe. And I couldn't resist naming them Goddess Fries, because I felt like a green goddess stirring that bright green pesto into the buckwheat grits!
If you love buckwheat cereal as I do, you might enjoy my
Buckwheat Gnocchi Recipe (not vegan as written, but adaptable)
*If it's not in your local store, you can get a good price on your Wheat-free, Gluten-free Pocono Organic Cereal, Cream of Buckwheatfrom Amazon. :)
Green Goddess Baked Basil Pesto Buckwheat Fries Recipe
2-1/2 Cups Water
1/2 tsp Salt (optional)
1/2 cup to 1 cup Cream of Buckwheat (Pocono)*
1 tbsp olive oil
1 or 2 tbsp. dairy free (or your favorite) basil pesto recipe
Sweet homemade ketchup:
*One tester had trouble with only 1/2 cup not creating a firm enough grit for the fries… This may be a typo but I don't have any more boxes of the buckwheat grits to check. You may want to try 1 cup of grits….
Bring water and salt to a boil and add your cream of buckwheat in a slow, steady stream, whisking continuously. When cereal is completely distributed, add your olive oil. Lower heat and cook for 10 minutes, stirring or whisking frequently so you don't have any lumps. At the end, add your basil pesto and mix completely throughout your buckwheat grits.
Pour your basil pesto grits into your small bread pan lined with aluminum foil and let cool COMPLETELY. When the mixture has set and is cool to the touch, carefully remove the block of grits (with aluminum intact) and then peel the aluminum foil off. Slice into french fry shapes and then place in single layer on a baking sheet. You can line it with aluminum foil if you like.
Preheat oven to 425 degrees F and bake your fries for twenty minutes or so and then turn over and bake until your fries have reached the ultimate golden coating (maybe another 15 minutes). You can turn multiple times until each side is browned to your satisfaction. Sprinkle with coarse grain kosher or black salt. Enjoy!
To make sauce, reduce your tomato liquid in a saucepan on the stove on medium heat, adding swigs of white wine and balsalmic vinegar to taste. Let reduce until it has thickened. If you want a really thick sauce, remove a tablespoon or so of the tomato liquid, let it cool slightly, and whisk in the tsp. of cornstarch. Add the cornstarch tomato slurry to the sauce after it has reduced to your heart's content, let the sauce thicken, and then remove from heat and serve with your fries.
Vegan Caramelized Onion Thyme Pecan Pizza Recipe
1 large yellow onion
1 large red onion
2 tbsp olive oil
1 cup vegetable broth (from bullion or freshly made)
fresh cracked pepper
Your favorite GF Pizza crust (Carol Fenster, Chebe, or other)
sprigs fresh thyme
Slice and chop your onion so you have consistently sized pieces.
Heat your oil in a cast iron or dutch oven pan to medium-high and add your onions. Mix the onions into the oil until covered and saute until onions are quite translucent (10 minutes or so). Cover, lower heat and let the onions cook on a low heat for about half an hour, stirring a few times. Try not to let the onions brown excessively. Add your broth and let come to a boil before you cover it and lower the heat, letting the onions get increasingly soft. Remove the lid and let the liquid reduce until onions are no longer liquidy. Stir as needed and don't let any bits burn on the bottom. Season with pepper. Remove from heat and let cool.
Prepare your favorite gluten-free pizza crust (from mix, from scratch, or pre-cooked) and generously spread your onion marmalade on the pizza. Sprinkle with some fresh, chopped thyme (including one or two sprigs in the center of the pizza) and add pecans to taste.
Bake according to your pizza instructions and enjoy!
This deceptively simple recipe made for a very satisfying vegan pizza- if desired add grilled mushroom strips, spinach, or any other veggies that sound good to you!
Dairy Free Basil Pesto Recipe for Pizza or Pasta
2 cups basil leaves, destemmed, and packed tightly
1/2 cup pine nuts, toasted (*Edited to have more nuts)
1/6 cup rice wine or cider vinegar
1/8 cup water
1/6 cup nutritional yeast flakes (optional)
2 cloves roasted garlic (bake with other dishes in the oven or use raw if you like)
1/4 cup olive oil
salt and pepper
Your favorite gluten-free pizza recipe (from mix, scratch (carol fenster) or pre-made)
Combine all ingredients in a food processor or blender through the garlic, and pulse until ingredients are combined and chopped. Add olive oil in a steady stream with the machine on until you form a nice pesto paste. Scrape out pesto into a bowl and reserve.
Reserve one or two tablespoons of pesto for other recipes like my buckwheat grit pesto fries! You can use it for pizza:
Prepare your gluten-free pizza according to recipe and top with pesto. Add any other ingredients you like (olives? artichoke hearts? portabella mushroom slices?) and bake according to instructions. (Usually 10-15 minutes). Slice and enjoy!
Or for pasta:


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What Is A Vehicle License Plate Search?
A vehicle license plate search is similar to a VIN check. You type in the license plate number of a given vehicle, and we provide you with information about it.
A vehicle license plate search is similar to a VIN check. You type in the license plate number of a given vehicle, and we provide you with information about it.
You can learn a wealth of information that has been recorded about the vehicle the license plate has been assigned to. This can include:
People do license plate searches for a variety of different reasons. For the most part, it's used when someone is thinking about buying a car and wants to get the vehicle history before they make a decision. They know that sellers won't always tell them about problems with the vehicle. This is a good route to go, if for some reason you don't have access to the VIN number.
It can also be used if you see someone give your car a minor ding in a parking lot and want to contact them without involving the police. Other people want to make sure that a car that belongs to someone their children may be riding with is a safe car.
It doesn't matter that much why you want to perform a license plate search. It's up to you.
There are many sources we use for our license plate search service. Much of it comes from various motor vehicle departments. Other information comes from insurance companies, and still more comes from service stations. We use a wide variety of sources in our license plate search system, including federal motor vehicle databases.
Yes it is. Various laws including the Freedom of Information Act give people the right to access data collected by the government. This is because the people and equipment used to collect and record the data are paid for with your taxes. Since you paid for the data to be created, the government feels
that you own it and should be able to access it.
Beyond that, the government has an interest in cutting down on used car fraud and auto theft. For that reason, they want you to be able to access this information.
No. Vehicle History is not the only license plate check provider. However, most of the other companies out there will charge you money to check out a license plate. Our service is free, yet still delivers a high level of value. We think that makes us the right choice when you want to perform a license plate check.
Plus, when you are done with your search you can then use us to find additional free information, including any known problems with a given make or model of a vehicle, the Kelley Blue Book value of the vehicle, and the title transfer costs.
In theory you could, but in practice it would be much harder. You'd have to contact every DMV, police department, federal agency, service station and insurance company yourself. That would not only cost you a lot of time, but it would also be fairly expensive. By the time you finished it, the car you were thinking of buying might already have been purchased by someone else!
On the the other hand, when you use our free license plate check service, it costs you no money at all and you get the information delivered to you laptop, desktop or mobile device in a matter of minutes. We think that's a better deal.
Last Updated June 8, 2018
Thank you for visiting VehicleHistory.com (the "Website"). We provide this Privacy Policy to explain how VehicleHistory.com collects, uses and shares information from you when you use the Website and to help you make an informed decision as to whether to use or continue using the Website.
1. Who controls my personal information?
Any personal information provided to or gathered by VehicleHistory.com is controlled by:
VehicleHistory.com, LLC
3755 Breakthrough Way
Suite 110
Las Vegas, Nevada 89135
2. What information does VehicleHistory.com collect from me?
The amount and type of information we gather depends upon your use of the Website and, in some cases, what type of information you choose to disclose. We may collect the following information from you:
Personal Information
We collect information from you when you submit your personal information to us over the Website, such as by providing a review of the Website. Such personal information may include your name, email addresses, phone number, and other information which you voluntarily provide to us.
Information You Make Public
The Website may contain features that allow you to upload, post, transmit, display, perform or distribute content, including personal information about yourself. For example, you may choose to include personal information within your public-facing review, which is available and accessible to all visitors of the website. Any information that you choose to disclose by means of such features becomes public information over which VehicleHistory.com is unable to exercise control. You should take caution when deciding to disclose personal information by means of such features.
Device/Internet Connection Information
When you use the Website, we automatically gather information made available by your web browser (such as Microsoft Edge or Google Chrome), Internet service provider (such as Comcast or Time Warner), and device (such as your computer, phone, or tablet), depending on your settings for each. For example, we may collect your IP address, information about the operating system or type of device you use, the date and time you access the Website, your log in attempts, and the location of your device.
Information Provided by Third Parties
VehicleHistory.com may receive information about you and your Internet activities if you have provided it to a Third Party and we subsequently acquire the information from the Third Party. Such information may include, but is not limited to, your personal and online interests and Internet browsing habits. These Third Parties may have collected such information by placing Cookies on your device, using web beacons, gathering IP addresses and log data, and so forth. The purpose of this practice, which is sometimes called "retargeting," is to deliver content and advertising that is specific to your interests. For example, if you look at a particular product or service on the Website, you may later see that same product advertised to you on Facebook. You can better learn about such Third-Party data collection and advertising practices, including how to opt-out of retargeting, at the following websites:
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From time to time, we may obtain other information from you, such as when you make a claim for a prize pursuant to a contest or other promotion run on the Website, or when you request assistance through from our customer service department. You will always be asked to provide such other information voluntarily, and we will not collect it without your permission.
3. How does VehicleHistory.com use Cookies?
"Cookies" are files that are placed on your device by websites you visit. The purpose of a Cookie is to identify you as a unique user of the Website. A web beacon is programming code that can be used to, among other things, transfer an individual's unique user identification (often in the form of a Cookie) to a database and associate the individual with previously acquired information about an individual in a database. This allows us to track certain websites you visit online. Web beacons are used to determine products or services you may be interested in, and to track online behavioral habits for marketing purposes.
We currently use Cookie and web beacon technology to associate certain Internet-related information about you with information we already have in our database, for the following purposes:
You may opt out of Third Party Cookies by visiting the Network Advertising Initiative opt-out page at http://www.networkadvertising.org/managing/opt_out.asp. You can also learn more about how to delete or control Cookies at http://www.aboutcookies.org/.
4. How does VehicleHistory.com use my information?
We use the information we've gathered from you, including through Cookies and web beacons, for the following purposes:
To Communicate with You
We use information gathered on the Website to personalize communication with you, and to respond to your requests for support.
To Improve the Website
VehicleHistory.com uses the information we collect from you and other users to provide and improve the Website. As explained above, we use Cookies, including those placed by Third Parties, to gather statistical information that helps us understand how you and other users engage with the Website and improve its performance.
We use information gathered from Cookies to keep track of your vehicle search information, such as your preference on what ZIP code to use for vehicle pricing information, so that you do not have to re-enter it within a single session.
To Advertise to You
As explained above, we use information gathered through Cookies and web beacons, including those placed by Third Parties, to deliver ads to you once you've left the Website.
5. How does VehicleHistory.com share my information?
To Fulfill Your Information Requests
We may transfer your information to Third Parties when necessary to provide a product or service that you request from us, such as information about a specific vehicle.
To Advertise to Others
We may share your reviews and comments about VehicleHistory.com to advertise and market our products and services. If you want us to stop using the personal data you have provided in these ways, please contact us at email@example.com.
To Our Affiliated Companies
We may disclose, transfer, and sell your information to our affiliated entities—that is, businesses that have common ownership with us—at our discretion, in which event, your information shall be treated by the affiliated entities in accordance with this Privacy Policy. Should VehicleHistory.com be subject to an acquisition, merger, sale or other change of control or business entity status, we reserve the right to transfer or assign your information as part of that acquisition, merger or sale.
To Our Third-Party Partners
We may disclose your personal information as needed to our Third-Party service providers and advertising partners.
To Comply with Legal Process and Prevent Harm
Although highly unlikely, given the limited information we collect, we may disclose your information to respond to subpoenas, court orders, and other legal processes.
6. How and where does VehicleHistory.com secure my information?
VehicleHistory.com, and the Third Party vendors we use to store your information, employ security measures (such as SSL encryption and HTTPS protocol) to protect against the loss, misuse, and alteration of the information under our control.
VehicleHistory.com stores personal information in the United States. VehicleHistory.com is provided ONLY to users residing in the United States. If you are visiting VehicleHistory.com from a location outside of the United States, your connection will be through and to servers located in the United States, and all information you provide will be processed and securely maintained in our web servers and internal systems located within the United States. By using VehicleHistory.com you authorize and specifically consent to the transfer of personal information to the United States and its storage and use as specified above when you provide such information to us.
7. How can I access or correct my information?
You may access all information we've collected about you for purposes of correcting, amending, or deleting such information. Access can be obtained by contacting firstname.lastname@example.com. To protect your privacy and security, we may take reasonable steps to help verify your identity before granting access or making corrections.
Under California's "Shine the Light" law, California residents who provide personal information to the Website may request certain information regarding our disclosure of personal information to third parties for their direct marketing purposes. To make such a request, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
8. How does VehicleHistory.com protect the privacy of children?
VehicleHistory.com will never knowingly collect any personal information about children under the age of 13. If we obtain actual knowledge that we have collected personal information about a child under the age of 13, that information will be immediately deleted from our database. Because we do not collect such information, we have no such information to use or to disclose to Third Parties. We have designed this policy in order to comply with the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA).
9. Does VehicleHistory.com respond to Do Not Track (DNT) Signals?
DNT is a feature offered by some browsers which, when enabled, sends a signal to websites to request that your browsing is not tracked. VehicleHistory.com does not currently respond to DNT requests.
10. What about Third Party practices?
Third Party Cookies and Web Beacons
Advertising agencies, advertising networks, and other companies (together, Third Parties) who place advertisements on the Internet generally may use their own cookies, web beacons, and other technology to collect information about individuals. Except as expressly provided herein, we do not control Third Parties' use of such technology and we have no responsibility for the use of such technology to gather information about individuals. It is up to you to familiarize yourself with the privacy practices of such Third Parties.
Third Party Links
The Website and email messages may contain hypertext links to the Website of Third Parties. We are not responsible for the privacy practices or the content of such other websites. Linked websites may contain links to websites maintained by Third Parties. Such links are provided for your convenience and reference only. We do not operate or control in any respect any information, software, products or services available on such Third-Party websites. The inclusion of a link to a website does not imply any endorsement of the services or the site, its contents, or its sponsoring organization.
11. How will I find out about changes to the Privacy Policy?
Each time you use the Website, the then-current version of this Privacy Policy will apply. Although most changes are likely to be minor, we reserve the right to modify this Privacy Policy by posting such modification on this page; however, if changes are significant, we may provide a more prominent notice or email you. Unless we receive your express consent, any revised Privacy Policy will apply only to information collected after the effective date of such revised Privacy Policy, and not to information collected under any earlier version.
1. Introduction
Welcome to VehicleHistory.com, which is owned and operated by VehicleHistory.com!
VehicleHistory.com recommends that you read the following terms and conditions carefully.
2. Privacy Policy
By using the Service, you consent to the collection and use of certain information about you, as specified in the Privacy Policy discussed in Section 1.3 (Separate Privacy Policy). VehicleHistory.com encourages users of the Service to frequently check the Privacy Policy for changes.
3. Changes to Agreement and Privacy Policy
Internet technology and the applicable laws, rules, and regulations change frequently. VehicleHistory.com reserves the right to change this Agreement and its Privacy Policy at any time upon notice to you (including by posting a new version, or sending you a change notice). It is your responsibility to review this Agreement and the Privacy Policy periodically. If at any time you find either this Agreement or the Privacy Policy unacceptable, you must immediately cease accessing Service. Unless VehicleHistory.com obtains your express consent, any revised Privacy Policy will apply only to information collected by VehicleHistory.com after the revised Privacy Policy takes effect, and not to information collected under any earlier versions of the Privacy Policy.
4. Eligibility
5. Technology Platform
Without limitation, you agree that VehicleHistory.com is merely a technology platform, and that you use the Service at your own risk and pursuant to Section 10 (Assumption of Risk; Release) and Section 8 (Vehicle Information and Pricing Disclaimers).
6. License
Subject to your compliance with these Terms of Service, VehicleHistory.com grants you a non-exclusive, non-sublicensable, revocable as stated in this Agreement, non-transferable license to access the Website, and to use the Service. No part of the Service, including the Website, may be reproduced, duplicated, copied, modified, sold, resold, distributed, transmitted, or otherwise exploited for any commercial purpose without the prior express written consent of VehicleHistory.com. All rights not expressly granted in this Agreement are reserved by VehicleHistory.com. Without limitation, this Agreement grants you no rights to the intellectual property of VehicleHistory.com or any other party, except as expressly stated in this Agreement. The license granted in this section is conditioned on your compliance with this Agreement. Your rights under this section will immediately terminate if, in the sole judgment of VehicleHistory.com, you have breached any provision of this Agreement.
7. Software Updates
VehicleHistory.com reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to update, modify, or remove the features, functionality, or other aspects of its Website and Service at any time.
8. Vehicle Information and Pricing Disclaimers
VehicleHistory.com provides the Website for informational purposes only. All vehicle information, reports, prices, sales incentives, rebate information displayed on the Website are gathered from sources and based on algorithms that are believed by VehicleHistory.com to be reliable (other than user-submitted content, as to which VehicleHistory.com makes no such representation), but VehicleHistory.com does not and cannot verify this information as to each and every vehicle and no assurance can be given that this information is accurate, complete or current. VehicleHistory.com is not responsible for any loss or damage resulting from your reliance on any such information or other content. Purchasing a vehicle is a big decision, and it is up to you to confirm any information you receive regarding a particular vehicle before you purchase it.
9. No Reliance on Third Party Content
Opinions, advice, statements, or other information made available through the Service by third parties are those of their respective authors, and should not necessarily be relied upon. Those authors are solely responsible for their content. VehicleHistory.com does not: (i) guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any third-party information accessible on or through the Service; or (ii) adopt, endorse, or accept responsibility for the accuracy or reliability of any opinion, advice, or statement made by a third party through the Service. Under no circumstances will VehicleHistory.com be responsible for any loss or damage resulting from your reliance on information or other content posted through the Service transmitted to or by any third party.
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Currently, VehicleHistory.com does not charge any fee for use of the Website or any Service. VehicleHistory.com reserves the right to add fees or paid Services in the future, at which time this section of the Agreement will be updated and you will be notified before any charges are incurred.
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The Service is linked with the websites of third parties ("Third Party Websites"), some of whom may have established relationships with VehicleHistory.com and some of whom may not. VehicleHistory.com does not have control over the content and performance of Third Party Websites. VehicleHistory.com has not reviewed, and cannot review or control, all of the material, including computer software or other goods or services, made available on Third Party Websites. Accordingly, VehicleHistory.com does not represent, warrant, or endorse any Third Party Websites, or the accuracy, currency, content, fitness, lawfulness, or quality of the information, material, goods, or services available through Third Party Websites. VehicleHistory.com disclaims, and you agree to assume, all responsibility and liability for any damages or other harm, whether to you or to third parties, resulting from your use of Third Party Websites.
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You agree that you shall not use the Service to upload, post, transmit, display, perform, or distribute any content, information, or materials that: (a) are libelous, defamatory, abusive, threatening, excessively violent, harassing, obscene, lewd, lascivious, filthy, or pornographic; (b) constitute child pornography; (c) solicit personal information from or exploit in a sexual or violent manner anyone under the age of 18; (d) incite, encourage, or threaten physical harm against another; (e) promote or glorify racial intolerance, use hateful and/or racist terms, or signify hate toward any person or group of people; (f) glamorize the use of illegal substances and/or drugs; (g) advertise or otherwise solicit funds or constitute a solicitation for goods or services; (h) violate any provision of this Agreement or any other VehicleHistory.com agreement or policy, including without limitation VehicleHistory.com's Privacy Policy; (i) disclose another's personal, confidential, or proprietary information; (j) are false or fraudulent; (k) contains images or videos of individuals captured or posted without their consent; (l) promote self-destructive behavior (including without limitation eating disorders or suicide); or (m) are generally offensive, rude, mean-spirited, or in bad taste, as determined by VehicleHistory.com in its sole discretion (collectively, "Objectionable Content"). VehicleHistory.com disclaims any perceived, implied, or actual duty to monitor content made available through the Service, and specifically disclaims any responsibility or liability for information provided on the Service. Without limiting any of its other remedies, VehicleHistory.com reserves the right to terminate your use of the Service or your uploading, posting, transmission, display, performance, or distribution of Objectionable Content. VehicleHistory.com, in its sole discretion, may delete any Objectionable Content from its servers. VehicleHistory.com intends to cooperate fully with any law enforcement officials or agencies in the investigation of any violation of this Agreement or of any applicable laws.
16. Prohibited Uses
VehicleHistory.com imposes certain restrictions on your use of the Service. Any violation of this section may subject you to civil and/or criminal liability. The following are expressly prohibited:
17. Intellectual Property
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You represent and warrant that your use of the Service will be in accordance with this Agreement and any other VehicleHistory.com policies, and with any applicable laws or regulations.
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Remedies in Aid of Arbitration; Equitable Relief. This agreement to arbitrate will not preclude you or VehicleHistory.com from seeking provisional remedies in aid of arbitration, including without limitation orders to stay a court action, compel arbitration, or confirm an arbitral award, from a Court of Competent Jurisdiction. Furthermore, this agreement to arbitrate will not preclude you or VehicleHistory.com from applying to a Court of Competent Jurisdiction for a temporary restraining order, preliminary injunction, or other interim or conservatory relief, as necessary. "Court of Competent Jurisdiction" means any federal or state court: (1) that has jurisdiction over the subject matter; and (2) that is located in the State of Nevada.
22. Termination
23. General
24. NMVTIS Consumer Access Disclaimer REVISED: April 2015
The National Motor Vehicle Title Information System (NMVTIS) is an electronic system
that contains information on
certain automobiles titled in the United States. NMVTIS is intended to serve as a
reliable source of title and brand
history for automobiles, but it does not contain detailed information regarding a
vehicle's repair history.
All states, insurance companies, and junk and salvage yards are required by federal law to regularly report information to NMVTIS. However, NMVTIS does not contain information on all motor vehicles in the United States because some states are not yet providing their vehicle data to the system. Currently, the data provided to NMVTIS by states is provided in a variety of time frames; while some states report and update NMVTIS data in "real-time" (as title transactions occur), other states send updates less frequently, such as once every 24 hours or within a period of days.
Information on previous, significant vehicle damage may not be included in the system if the vehicle was never determined by an insurance company (or other appropriate entity) to be a "total loss" or branded by a state titling agency. Conversely, an insurance carrier may be required to report a "total loss" even if the vehicle's titling-state has not determined the vehicle to be "salvage" or "junk."
A vehicle history report is NOT a substitute for an independent vehicle inspection. Before making a decision to purchase a vehicle, consumers are strongly encouraged to also obtain an independent vehicle inspection to ensure the vehicle does not have hidden damage. The Approved NMVTIS Data Providers (look for the NMVTIS logo) can include vehicle condition data from sources other than NMVTIS.
NMVTIS data INCLUDES (as available by those entities required to report to the System):
Information from participating state motor vehicle titling agencies.
• Information on automobiles, buses, trucks, motorcycles, recreational vehicles, motor homes, and tractors. NMVTIS may not currently include commercial vehicles if those vehicles are not included in a state's primary database for title records (in some states, those vehicles are managed by a separate state agency), although these records may be added at a later time.
• Information on "brands" applied to vehicles provided by participating state motor vehicle titling agencies. Brand types and definitions vary by state, but may provide useful information about the condition or prior use of the vehicle.
• Most recent odometer reading in the state's title record.
• Information from insurance companies, and auto recyclers, including junk and salvage yards, that is required by law to be reported to the system, beginning March 31, 2009. This information will include if the vehicle was determined to be a "total loss" by an insurance carrier.
• Information from junk and salvage yards receiving a "cash for clunker" vehicle traded-in under the Consumer Assistance to Recycle and Save Act of 2009 (CARS) Program.
Consumers are advised to visit www.vehiclehistory.gov for details on how to interpret the information in the system and understand the meaning of various labels applied to vehicles by the participating state motor vehicle titling agencies.


text: Save Your Home, Save the Planet, and Save Lots of Money with All American Air Service Experts Heating & Air Conditioning Published on May 03, 2017 This spring isn't over and neither is our Spring Promotion! We discussed last month that although the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act is no longer available for purchases made after last year, that several rebates and incentives are still being offered by local utility and energy providers on energy-efficient upgrades like heating and air conditioning systems, insulation, and water heaters. Upgrading your heating and air conditioning system to a newer, more efficient model can save up to 50% on energy bills. Not only does this cut down on costs, and who doesn't love that, it also provides a huge environmental benefit. To help our customers make the most of these benefits and rebates, All American Air Service Experts Heating & Air Conditioning is offering discounts through June 9th on heating and cooling systems! Service Experts provides no-charge in-home estimates, along with furnace and A/C tune-ups to help make sure your system is ready to keep you comfortable all season long. To learn more about how improving your home energy affects the environment, visit SaveYourAir.com. Back To BlogContact Us


text:
How do airlines devise efficient schedules for routing airplanes between hundreds of destinations?
How do computer networks find the optimal path for torrents of data?
How do financial strategists arrange investment portfolios for the best balance between risks and gains?
The problems are diverse, but the solutions are related. They each benefit from a set of mathematical techniques collectively known as optimization. With roots extending back to the work of ancient mathematicians, optimization has grown in the last 50 years into an important field of research with experts in many areas of industry and academics.
Until now, however, there has been no central resource for trading knowledge between the many specialties, which is why Professor of Chemical Engineering Christodoulos Floudas thought it was time to create a comprehensive encyclopedia.
After six years of work, Floudas and co-editor Panos Pardalos of the University of Florida have completed the Encyclopedia of Optimization, which was published recently by Kluwer Academic Publishers. With five volumes plus an index, the encyclopedia includes 500 articles by more than 400 authors in fields from astronomy to computer science to biology.
The encyclopedia contains three kinds of articles: broad explanations of general topics; technical articles on specific techniques and applications; and short biographies of important figures in the history of optimization. A key goal, said Floudas, is to allow researchers encountering the subject for the first time, either as students or as established researchers in other fields, to obtain a quick and useful overview. "We want to provide a smooth transition," he said.
Read the full story in the Weekly Bulletin.


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text:
Lady Gaga Warned Not to Let Stage Persona Infiltrate Her Life by Rocker Alice Cooper
Shock rocker Alice Cooper has revealed that he warned Lady Gaga about the dangers of letting her over-the-top stage persona infiltrate and take over her life. He encouraged her to keep some semblance of Stefani Gemanotta on the surface, especially when she is offstage. Since Cooper is a legend in the rock world, he's certainly worth taking advice from. But we're not so sure that Gaga heeded his words, since she always seems to be, well, Gaga.
Cooper is such a fan of Gaga that he told Reader's Digest (quotes via Gigwise) that "as soon as I saw her on TV, I fell in love with the outrage. I couldn't wait to see her show."
He eventually made it out to a Gaga gig and met her backstage, calling her "wonderful." He also revealed that she showed him the utmost respect, since he is also a theatrical rocker. "She got down on her knees and did the whole 'We're not worthy' bit from 'Wayne's World,'" Coop recalled. How cute. We can just see Gaga paying her respects to a legend in such adorbs fashion.
He continued, "She said, 'Alice, thank you for letting me steal your show.' I said, 'Gaga, I created a character called Alice. But it's important to keep Alice on stage. I never let Alice take over my real life.' I guess what I was trying to say was, be outrageous for the cameras. Wear a chicken on your head … but don't get suckered into thinking that stuff is real."
He finished, "When you're at home, just be yourself. If you can learn to co-exist with both Gagas, you'll be OK."
That's sound, solid advice from someone who has lived this life.
We wonder if she's ever Stefani in her personal life or if she has completed the transformation into Gaga, 24/7/365. We can't imagine anyone, even her parents Joe and Cynthia, calling her "Steffi." We wonder what her BF Taylor Kinney calls her.
Watch the Lady Gaga 'Edge of Glory' Video


text:
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text: There has been interest on this list on MacOS clusters. This event in London on Monday should be of interest. The UK Unix Users Group is good at organising technically focussed events. I would say that this won't be a company product puff. http://www.ukuug.org/events/apple04/ Who: Jordan Hubbard (Apple), and other speakers When: Monday 1st November, 2004 10:30am start; 10am doors Where: Institute of Physics, 76 Portland Place, London Cost: Free entry although preregistration is required and places are strictly limited. You do not have to be a UKUUG member to attend Sadly I doubt if I will be able to attend.


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text:
People involved in negotiating a European banking union are discussing entrusting the European Commission or the euro zone's bailout fund with winding down ailing banks rather than creating a separate authority, a German newspaper said.
That would help Europe make progress towards a banking union as it would not require EU treaties to be changed since treaties already mention the European Commission and European Stability Mechanism (ESM), Sueddeutsche Zeitung said in an article to appear on Wednesday.
Continue Reading Below
The paper gave no further details regarding the identities of its sources.
The option would likely be more palatable to Germany, whose Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble appeared to slam the brakes on a European banking union last month by saying the EU needed to consider treaty change due to the "doubtful legal basis" on which the project rested.
One scenario calls for the European Commission to take on the role of a banking resolution authority. Joaquin Almunia, the commissioner in charge of competition policy, already wields some of those powers in dealing with financial institutions receiving state aid.
However, not all member states are convinced the Commission could or should take on the extra responsibility, and question how its role would be coordinated with the single banking supervisor under the European Central Bank in Frankfurt.
(Reporting by Michelle Martin and Luke Baker; Editing by Michael Roddy)


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Related Terms
Calcinosis, CREST, cutaneous systemic sclerosis, diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, hardened skin, limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis, linear scleroderma, localized scleroderma, morphea scleroderma, overlap syndromes, Raynaud's phenomenon, sine scleroderma, skin disorder, systemic scleroderma, systemic sclerosis, telangiectasia, UCTD, undifferentiated connective tissue disease.
Scleroderma is a group of disorders that cause the skin and the fibers that provide support and framework for the body (called connective tissues) to harden and tighten. It typically starts with a few dry patches of skin on the face and hands. Over time, these patches of skin become thicker and harder, and more and more skin becomes affected. In some cases, the condition may also involve the internal organs and blood vessels.
Scleroderma is classified into two major categories: localized scleroderma and systemic scleroderma. Localized scleroderma only affects the skin. Often, localized conditions improve or go away on their own over time. However, the skin changes and damage that occurred when the disease was active are permanent.
Systemic scleroderma is a more serious type of scleroderma that affects the skin, deep tissues below the skin, blood vessels, and internal organs. When the internal organs become hard, they no longer function properly and death may occur. Systemic scleroderma may develop suddenly or it may start with the skin and progress gradually to the internal organs.
Scleroderma is a type of autoimmune disorder because it occurs when a patient's immune system does not function properly. Normally, the immune system helps fight against diseases and infections. In scleroderma patients, the immune system attacks the person's own cells. However, researchers have not discovered what causes this abnormal immune response.
Researchers also know that scleroderma is not a contagious illness.
For unknown reasons, scleroderma is more common in women than men. It is also more common in adults than children.
There is currently no cure for scleroderma. Patients who only have skin involvement have a better outlook, but they often suffer from low self-esteem and difficulty performing everyday tasks. The average life expectancy after systemic scleroderma is diagnosed is 12 years. This is because the condition usually worsens over time. Patients who have systemic scleroderma are most likely to die as a result of heart, kidney, lung, or gastrointestinal (digestive) complications.
Signs and symptoms
Localized scleroderma
Morphea scleroderma
: Morphea scleroderma causes reddish patches of skin to thicken into oval-shaped areas on the body. These patches become white in the middle with a purple border. Patients may develop one or several patches of thickened skin, which range in size from one-half inch to 12 inches wide. The patches typically occur on the chest, stomach, and back, but they may also develop on the legs, arms, and forehead. In general, skin patches caused by morphea scleroderma start to fade in about three to five years. However, individuals are typically left with darkened patches of skin, and in rare cases, muscle weakness.
Linear scleroderma
: Linear scleroderma causes streaks of hardened skin to develop on the arms, legs, and/or forehead. In some cases, linear scleroderma may occur in combination with morphea scleroderma.
Systemic scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)
Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis
: Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis usually develops suddenly. The skin on the fingers, hands, arms, legs, face, neck, and torso are most likely to become thick and hard. The skin may also be shiny and itchy. This form of scleroderma generally occurs in a symmetrical pattern. This means if one side of the body is affected, the other side will be affected in the same way. Other symptoms may include fatigue, decreased appetite, weight loss, and joint pain or swelling.
Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis may also affect internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, and digestive system. Symptoms of internal organ damage vary depending on the specific organ affected. For instance, if the lungs are affected, it may lead to difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, or chest tightness.
However, after three to five years, most patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis enter a stable phase. During this stage, symptoms lessen. The skin may gradually start to soften. In some patients, the skin may start to appear normal again. In others, the skin may become thin, fragile, hairless, and without sweat glands. Once patients enter this stage, it is unlikely that new damage to internal organs will occur. However, internal damage that has already occurred is not reversible.
Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis
: Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis usually develops gradually. It involves limited areas of the skin, including the fingers, hands, face, lower arms, and legs. In addition, patients often have all or some of the symptoms that some doctors call CREST, which stands for calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia.
Calcinosis occurs when there are calcium deposits in the connective tissues. These deposits usually occur in the hands, face, torso, and on the skin above the knees and elbows. These small deposits may break through the skin, causing painful wounds called ulcers.
Raynaud's phenomenon occurs when the small blood vessels in the hands and/or feet, and sometime the nose, ears, cheeks, or tongue, shrink in response to cold or anxiety. This reduces blood to flow to the affected parts of the body. As a result, the affected areas of the body may feel numb or turn white in color. Symptoms will start to go away once the patient is exposed to warm temperatures or reduces his/her level of stress. The affected body parts may then start to feel numb, prickly, or sting as they become warmed or as stress is reduced. As circulation improves, the affected skin may turn red, throb, or swell. Raynaud's phenomenon may lead to ulcers (open sores), scars, or gangrene. Patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis often experience symptoms of Raynaud's phenomenon for years before the skin starts to thicken.
Esophageal dysfunction occurs when the tube that connects the throat and the stomach (called the esophagus) does not work properly. Normally, the muscles in the esophagus contract to allow food and drinks to enter the stomach. These muscles do not work properly in some patients with cutaneous systemic sclerosis. The muscles become damaged and are weaker than normal. As a result, patients may experience difficulty swallowing, chronic heartburn, and/or inflammation of the esophagus (called esophagitis).
Sclerodactyly occurs when the skin on the fingers or toes becomes thick and tight. Patients often have difficulty bending and straightening their fingers or toes. The skin may also appear darkened or shiny.
Telangiectasia occurs when the tiny blood vessels under the skin spontaneously become swollen. These inflamed blood vessels show up as tiny red spots, usually on the hands and face. This condition is painless, although it is visibly noticeable.
Sine scleroderma
: Sine scleroderma may be similar to either limited or diffuse scleroderma because it involves one or more internal organs. However, the major difference is that sine scleroderma does not affect the skin. This form of scleroderma is extremely rare.
Some patients may develop symptoms that are similar or related to scleroderma. These patients may be diagnosed with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) or overlap syndromes.
Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD)
: Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) occurs when patients have some signs and symptoms of scleroderma but not enough to be diagnosed with a particular type of scleroderma. Over time, patients with UCTD may develop into a specific type of scleroderma, spontaneously improve, or stay the same.
: During a physical examination, a healthcare provider will take a detailed medical history and check the skin for tight and hardened areas. The doctor will also examine the joints and tendons to look for inflammation and possible changes in connective tissue beneath the skin. In addition, the doctor will look for color changes in the hands and feet in response to coldness. If the hands or feet turn white in response to cold temperatures, this indicates Raynaud's phenomenon, which is often associated with scleroderma. If the patient's signs and symptoms indicate scleroderma, additional tests may be performed to confirm a diagnosis.
Blood tests
: If scleroderma is suspected, a blood test is typically performed. A sample of the patient's blood will be analyzed for the presence of abnormal immune cells that are associated with scleroderma.
Tissue biopsy
: A tissue biopsy may be performed to confirm a diagnosis. A small sample of the affected area of skin is removed and analyzed for abnormalities associated with scleroderma. Patients with scleroderma will have high levels of collagen in their tissues.
Computerized tomography
: A computerized tomography (CT) scan may be performed to determine if there are calcium deposits in the joints. Calcium deposits are typically present in patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis.
Gastrointestinal complications
: Patients with scleroderma often experience gastrointestinal damage. Scleroderma causes the muscular walls of the intestine to shrink. As a result, patients may be unable to properly absorb important vitamins and nutrients from their food. This may also lead to malnutrition and/or weight loss.
Scleroderma may also damage the lining of the esophagus, as well as the esophageal sphincter. This sphincter is important because it prevents stomach acid from entering the esophagus. When the sphincter is damaged, patients may experience heartburn when stomach acid enters the esophagus.
Lung complications
: Scleroderma may cause lung tissue to become scarred, a condition called pulmonary fibrosis. As a result, the lungs do not function as efficiently as normal. Patients with pulmonary fibrosis may experience shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
Some patients may also develop high blood pressure in the arteries that pump blood to the lungs. This life-threatening condition is called pulmonary hypertension.
Kidney dysfunction
: If scleroderma involves the kidney, patients may develop high blood pressure, excessive amounts of protein in the urine, and a life-threatening condition called renal crisis. Renal crisis causes a sudden increase in blood pressure and kidney failure.
Heart complications
: If scleroderma affects the heart, it may cause the heart tissue to become scarred. As a result, patients have an increased risk of developing irregular heartbeats, congestive heart failure, and inflammation of the sac that surrounds the heart (called pericarditis).
: The effects of scleroderma on the skin are noticeable. It may be difficult for some patients to accept changes in the skin, especially on the face. Properly managing scleroderma may help reduce or minimize the physical effects of the disease.
Quality of life
: When the skin becomes tight and hard, it may make it difficult to perform everyday tasks. For instance, when the hands are involved, it may become difficult to bend and straighten the fingers. As a result, tasks that were once considered simple, such as brushing the teeth or buttoning a shirt, may become increasingly difficult. Patients who experience such difficulties should consider talking to an occupational therapist. These therapists may be able to recommend different ways to perform tasks or certain devices (e.g. Velcro® fasteners) to make daily activities easier.
: Treatment for scleroderma focuses on reducing the symptoms. Patients with scleroderma should visit their healthcare providers regularly to monitor their condition and help slow the progression of the disease.
Regular exercise
: Patients with scleroderma should exercise regularly to maintain as much strength and flexibility as possible. There are many ways to exercise, including gardening, walking, sports activities, and dancing.
Patients should choose exercise programs that fit with their levels of strength and endurance. Exercise that causes extreme pain or discomfort may be harmful because it may lead to torn ligaments, pulled muscles, or sprained joints. Not everyone is able to handle intense types of exercise, such as tennis or running. According to the American Academy of Physicians, individuals who are pregnant or have bone disease or nerve injuries should participate in low-impact forms of exercise, such as walking or swimming. Individuals should talk with their healthcare providers before starting a new exercise plan.
: Patients with scleroderma may benefit from a humidifier, which increases the amount of moisture in the air. This helps prevent the skin from becoming dry.
Oil-based lotions
: Oil-based creams and lotions may also help prevent the skin from becoming excessively dry. Creams should be applied frequently, especially after bathing or showering.
Changing eating habits
: If scleroderma affects the gastrointestinal tract, patients may need to change their eating habits. Eating smaller, more frequent meals may reduce symptoms of heartburn. Avoiding late-night meals, spicy foods, fatty foods, alcohol, and caffeine may also help prevent digestive symptoms. Multivitamins may also be beneficial for patients who experience decreased nutrient absorption as a result of gastrointestinal damage. However, it is recommended that patients talk to their healthcare providers before taking dietary supplements.
: Medications called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often taken to reduce joint pain and inflammation associated with scleroderma. Medications, such as ibuprofen (Motrin® or Advil®), are commonly used.
The frequency and severity of NSAID side effects vary. The most common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, decreased appetite, rash, dizziness, headache, and drowsiness. The most serious side effects include kidney failure, liver failure, ulcers, heart-related problems, and prolonged bleeding after an injury or surgery. About 15% of patients who receive long-term NSAID treatment develop ulcers in the stomach or duodenum. Patients taking NSAIDs who have a history of gastrointestinal problems should consider taking a medication to protect the stomach, such as misoprostol (Cytotec®).
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs
): Healthcare providers often prescribe disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). These medications are called "disease-modifying" drugs because they slow the progression of scleroderma. These drugs may take weeks to months before they begin to take effect. Therefore, they are often used in combination with NSAIDs or corticosteroids. Commonly prescribed DMARDs include the gold compound auranofin (Ridaura®), hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®), sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®), and methotrexate (Rheumatrex®).
: Because scleroderma occurs when the immune system attacks the person's own body, patients often take medications called immunosuppressants. Immunosuppressants weaken the body's immune system, which helps reduce symptoms of scleroderma. Commonly prescribed immunosuppressants include leflunomide (Arava®), azathioprine (Imuran®), cyclosporine (Neoral® or Sandimmune®), and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®).
These medications may have serious side effects, including increased risk of infections, kidney problems, high blood pressure, and decreased levels of red blood cells. Other side effects may include increased hair growth, loss of appetite, vomiting, and upset stomach.
Calcium channel blockers
: Severe cases of Raynaud's phenomenon may be treated with calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine (Procardia®). These medications help open the small blood vessels and improve circulation.
: Patients with pulmonary hypertension may benefit from antihypertensives such as prostacyclin (Iloprost®). These prescription-strength medications decrease the blood pressure in the arteries leading to the lungs.
: If scleroderma has caused esophageal damage and is causing heartburn, patients typically take antacids. These medications reduce the amount of stomach acid that is produced, and help reduce heartburn. Some over-the-counter H-2 receptor blockers, such as cimetidine (Tagamet HB®), famotidine (Pepcid AC®), nizatidine (Axid AR®), and ranitidine (Zantac 75®), may help provide quick relief of symptoms. Side effects of H-2 receptor blockers, which are uncommon, may include changes in bowel movements, dry mouth, dizziness, or drowsiness. Proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole (Prilosec OTC®), may also be taken short-term to help the esophagus heal. Patients should not take these medications long term unless they talk with their healthcare providers first.
Patients with persistent heartburn may require prescription-strength medications to manage symptoms and prevent esophageal damage. H-2 blockers, such as Axid®, Pepcid®, Tagamet®, and Zantac®, are commonly prescribed. Examples of prescription-strength proton pump inhibitors include esomeprazole (Nexium®), lansoprazole (Prevacid®), omeprazole (Prilosec®), pantoprazole (Protonix®), and rabeprazole (Aciphex®).
Integrative therapies
Unclear or conflicting scientific evidence
Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
: Potassium para-aminobenzoate (KPAB) has been proposed as a treatment for sclerodermatous skin changes. Clinical reviews have suggested the effectiveness of KPAB in the management of scleroderma, particularly with respect to skin changes, survival rate, and pulmonary function. However, clinical study on KPAB for management of sclerodermatous skin changes did not reveal any effect. The use of KPAB as a therapy in scleroderma remains controversial. Additional high quality clinical study is warranted.
Avoid oral use in children and pregnant or nursing women. Avoid with known hypersensitivity to PABA or its derivatives. Use cautiously in patients with renal disease. Abnormalities of liver function tests have been noted in patients taking PABA. Discontinue use if rash, nausea, or anorexia occurs. PABA should not be given concurrently with sulfonamides. Use cautiously in patients with bleeding disorders or taking anticoagulants. Use cautiously in patients with diabetes or hypoglycemia.
Fair negative scientific evidence
DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)
: DMSO is naturally found in vegetables, fruits, grains, and animal products. It is also available as a dietary supplement. Research suggests that DMSO does not help treat scleroderma. Therefore, it is not recommended for this use.
Avoid if allergic DMSO. Use cautiously with urinary tract cancer, liver disorders, or kidney disorders. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding due to a lack of safety evidence.
Traditional or theoretical uses lacking sufficient evidence
: Acupuncture is commonly used throughout the world. According to Chinese medicine theory, the human body contains a network of energy pathways through which vital energy, called "chi," circulates. These pathways contain specific points that function like gates, allowing chi to flow through the body. Needles are inserted into these points to regulate the flow of chi. Traditionally, acupuncture has been used to treat scleroderma. However, scientific studies are needed to determine if this treatment is safe and effective.
Needles must be sterile in order to avoid disease transmission. Avoid with valvular heart disease, medical conditions of unknown origin, or infections. Acupuncture should not be applied to the chest in patients with lung diseases or on any area that may rely on muscle tone to provide stability. Avoid use in infants, young children, or in patients with needle phobias. Use cautiously with bleeding disorders, neurological disorders, seizure disorders, or diabetes. Use cautiously in elderly or medically compromised patients. Use cautiously in patients who will drive or operate heavy machinery after acupuncture. Use cautiously if taking anticoagulants. Avoid if pregnant.
: Avocados are fruits that are a nutritious source of potassium. Although avocado has been suggested as a possible treatment for scleroderma, scientific studies are lacking in this area. Human studies are needed to determine if avocados are safe and effective for this condition.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to avocado, banana, chestnut, or natural rubber latex. Avoid if taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Use cautiously if taking anticoagulants (blood thinners). Doses greater than those found in a normal diet are not recommended if pregnant or breastfeeding. Some types of avocado may be unsafe when breastfeeding.
: Bromelain is an herb that contains a digestive enzyme that comes from the stem and the fruit of the pineapple plant. It has been proposed that bromelain may help treat symptoms of scleroderma. However, human studies have not evaluated the safety and efficacy of this therapy. Well-designed research is warranted in this area.
Avoid if allergic to bromelain, pineapple, honeybee, venom, latex, birch pollen, carrots, celery, fennel, cypress pollen, grass pollen, papain, rye flour, wheat flour, or other members of the Bromeliaceae
family. Avoid with liver disease, kidney disease, or bleeding disorders. Use cautiously with bleeding disorders, stomach ulcers, high blood pressure, or acute genitourinary tract inflammation. Use cautiously before dental or surgical procedures or while driving or operating machinery. Use cautiously in children younger than two years of age. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding due to a lack of safety evidence.
: Hydrotherapy is broadly defined as the external application of water in any form or temperature for healing purposes. It may include immersion in a bath or body of water (such as the ocean or a pool), use of water jets, douches, application of wet towels to the skin, or water birth. Theoretically, hydrotherapy may help treat scleroderma. Well-designed studies are needed to determine if this therapy is safe and effective for scleroderma patients.
Avoid sudden or prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures in baths, wraps, saunas, or other forms of hydrotherapy, particularly with heart disease, lung disease, or if pregnant. Avoid with implanted medical devices (e.g. pacemakers, defibrillators, or liver infusion pumps). Vigorous use of water jets should be avoided with fractures, known blood clots, bleeding disorders, severe osteoporosis, open wounds, or during pregnancy. Use cautiously with Raynaud's disease, chilblains, acrocyanosis, erythrocyanosis, or impaired temperature sensitivity. Use cautiously if pregnant or breastfeeding. Hydrotherapy should not delay the time to diagnosis or treatment with more proven techniques or therapies, and it should not be used as the sole approach to illnesses. Patients with known illnesses should consult their physicians before starting hydrotherapy.
: Niacin (a component of vitamin B3) is a B-complex vitamin found in a many foods, including liver, poultry, fish, nuts, and dried beans. It is needed for the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract function. Although niacin has been suggested as a possible treatment for scleroderma, scientific evidence is lacking. Well-designed studies are needed to draw a firm conclusion in this area.
Avoid niacin or vitamin B3 if allergic to niacin or niacinamide. Use cautiously with peptic ulcer disease, diabetes mellitus, or gout. Avoid with liver disorders. Periodic monitoring of homocysteine levels may be warranted because niacin has been shown to increase homocysteine levels up to 55%. If pregnant or breastfeeding, niacin supplements should be only be taken under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
Organic food
: In the United States, a product is considered "organic" if the food, the farm, handlers, and processors of that food all meet specific criteria from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). These criteria include that livestock receive no antibiotics or growth hormones and that produce is grown without most conventional pesticides, or synthetic or sewage sludge-based fertilizers. It has been suggested, but not scientifically proven, that organic food may help treat symptoms of scleroderma. In order to determine if organic food helps with this condition, well-designed scientific studies must be performed.
There is currently a lack of available safety information on organic food due to a lack of scientific research. Organic food is generally assumed to be at least as safe as conventional foods.
Physical therapy
: The goal of physical therapy is to improve mobility, restore function, reduce pain, and prevent further injury. A variety of techniques, including exercises, stretches, traction, electrical stimulation, and massage, are used during physical therapy sessions. Although physical therapy has been used to treat scleroderma, studies have not been performed to determine the safety and efficacy of this treatment. Further research is warranted in this area.
Not all physical therapy programs are suited for everyone, and patients should discuss their medical history with their qualified healthcare professionals before beginning any treatments. Based on the available literature, physical therapy appears generally safe when practiced by a qualified physical therapist. However, physical therapy may aggravate some pre-existing conditions. Persistent pain and fractures of unknown origin have been reported. Physical therapy may increase the duration of pain or cause limitation of motion. Pain and anxiety may occur during the rehabilitation of patients with burns. Both morning stiffness and bone erosion have been reported in the physical therapy literature, although causality is unclear. Erectile dysfunction has also been reported. All therapies during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be discussed with a licensed obstetrician/gynecologist before initiation.
Vitamin D
: Vitamin D is found in many foods, including fish, eggs, fortified milk, and cod liver oil. The sun also helps the body produce vitamin D. Although vitamin D has been proposed as a possible treatment for scleroderma, scientific studies have not evaluated the safety or efficacy of this therapy.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to vitamin D or any of its components. Vitamin D is generally well-tolerated in recommended doses. Doses higher than recommended may cause toxic effects. Individuals with overactive thyroids, kidney disease, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, or histoplasmosis have a higher risk of experiencing toxic effects. Vitamin D is generally considered safe for pregnant women. It may be necessary to give infants vitamin D supplements along with breast milk in order to prevent vitamin deficiencies.
Currently, there is no known method of prevention for scleroderma.
Patients who are diagnosed with scleroderma should visit their healthcare providers regularly to monitor their conditions. Properly managing the symptoms of the disease may help increase the patient's quality of life and help slow the progression of the disease.
Author information
This information has been edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).
American College of Rheumatology. .
Duraj V, Tafai A, Roshi E, et al. Esophageal damages in systemic scleroderma. Med Arh. 2007;61(1):47-8.
Highland KB, Garin MC, Brown KK. The spectrum of scleroderma lung disease. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Aug;28(4):418-29.
Kane GC, Varga J, Conant EF, et al. Lung involvement in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): relation to classification based on extent of skin involvement or autoantibody status. Respir Med. 1996 Apr;90(4):223-30.
Lomeo RM, Cornella RJ, Schabel SI, et al. Progressive systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma presenting as pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. Am J Med. 1989 Nov;87(5):525-7.
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. .
Natural Standard: The Authority on Integrative Medicine. .
Penn H, Howie AJ, Kingdon EJ, et al. Scleroderma renal crisis: patient characteristics and long-term outcomes. QJM. 2007 Aug;100(8):485-94. Epub 2007 Jun 29.
Scleroderma Foundation. .
Traub YM, Shapiro AP, Rodnan GP, et al. Hypertension and renal failure (scleroderma renal crisis) in progressive systemic sclerosis. Review of a 25-year experience with 68 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 1983 Nov;62(6):335-52.
: Patients with all types of scleroderma have too much collagen in the body tissues, which causes tissues to become tight and hard. Collagen is a fibrous, or thread-like, protein that makes up connective tissues. Researchers believe that scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder because it appears that the body's immune system leads to an increase in collagen.
In healthy individuals, the immune system protects the body by fighting against diseases and infections. In scleroderma patients, the immune system attacks the person's own cells by mistake. This reaction causes swelling and the overproduction of collagen. However, researchers have not discovered what triggers this abnormal immune reaction.
: Some evidence suggests that a person's genetic makeup may make them more likely to develop scleroderma. This is because in some cases, the disease has been shown to run in families. However, most cases of scleroderma occur without any known family history of the disease.
: Some researchers believe that hormones may play a role in the development of scleroderma because women of all ages are more likely to develop scleroderma than men. Female predominance is most apparent during middle age. Research has shown that middle-aged women (ages 30-55) are seven to 12 times more likely to develop scleroderma than men. However, the role of estrogen or other female hormones in scleroderma has not been scientifically proven.
Copyright © 2011 Natural Standard (
The information in this monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and is meant to help users better understand health concerns. Information is based on review of scientific research data, historical practice patterns, and clinical experience. This information should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Users should consult with a qualified healthcare provider for specific questions regarding therapies, diagnosis and/or health conditions, prior to making therapeutic decisions.
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Mark Sheppard was born in London, England and began his film career in Jim Sheridan's "In The Name Of The Father" playing Guildford Four member 'Paddy Armstrong' alongside Daniel Day-Lewis. An accomplished musician, he has recorded and played drums for The T.V. Personalities, Nikki Sudden, Robyn Hitchcock, The Barracudas, Light A Big Fire, School Of Fish and They Eat Their Own, among others. On stage, he has won several theatre awards, including The 1992 Drama Critic's Circle Outstanding Achievement Award for his performance in "A Cock & Bull Story". He may be best known for his television work, as Romo Lampkin in "Battlestar Galactica", Badger in Joss Whedon's "Firefly", Ivan Erwich in Day 5 of "24", plus roles on "The X-Files", "CSI", "Star Trek: Voyager" and a host of other characters in film and television. Sheppard currently plays 'Jim Sterling' opposite Timothy Hutton on TNT's "Leverage", the Director of The Ring Organization in NBC's "Chuck", the Demon 'Crowley' in "Supernatural" for the CW, mysterious operative 'Mr. Valda' in SyFy's "Warehouse 13", and now Canton Everett Delaware III in the sixth season of the BBC's "Dr,Who". He has lent his voice to various video games and commercials as well, from "The Conduit" to "Dragon Age: Origins" and Bear Grylls' "Man vs. Wild".
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April 2017
Brendan Fisher Joins Savills Studley's Rapidly Growing Denver Office
19. April 2017
Fisher Most Recently Served As Chairman and Managing Principal for Cresa Denver, And Began His Commercial Real Estate Career at Savills Studley in 2001
"The Terraces" Rancho Palos Verdes, CA Shopping Center is Sold
17. April 2017
One of the most dominant centers serving the south side of the Palos Verdes Peninsula, the center is 89 percent leased.
Brian Prevoe Joins Savills Studley
12. April 2017
Brian Prevoe has joined Savills Studley's Industrial Services Group in Toronto as Managing Director, bringing extensive experience in industrial occupier services to the firm.
Ira Schuman & David Carlos Win REBNY Most Ingenious Deal of the Year
10. April 2017
Duo receives "Robert T. Lawrence Memorial Award" for transformative repositioning of Jewish Theological Seminary's campus in Manhattan's Morningside Heights.
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