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All Civilization VI Leaders, Their Unqiue Units, Abilities, Buildings, and More
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civilization vi leaders – Unique Unit: War-Cart
The constant conflicts between Sumerian city-states helped spread several war innovations throughout the ancient world, one of which being the War-Cart. This cart – a crude woven basket atop four sturdy wooden wheels – was pulled by donkeys and crewed by two warriors wielding battle axes and lances. Even though the War-Cart's existence has gone undisputed, its purpose has not; some believe it was used in combat, while others believe it was simply used to ferry warriors to the place of battle.
Unique Improvement: Ziggurat
While Egypt was constructing its smooth, sloped pyramids, other ancient peoples such as the Sumerians were constructing a more terraced version of the same structure, called a ziggurat. First evidence of these rectangular stepped towers can be seen as early as 3000 BC. None of these ancient structures have survived to this day, though many are said to have been great in size – the greatest being the one in Babylon dedicated to the god Marduk, which may have inspired the parable of the Tower of Babel from the Book of Genesis.
Unique Unit: Mamluk
The Mamluk mounted knight caste rose from the ranks of slave soldiers to become a major element of Muslim armies. Mamluk wore full heavy armor on both their person and horse, and wielded lances, shields, and scimitar-shaped Mameluke swords.
Unique Building: Madrasa
Schools in Arabic are known as Madrasa, and can range anywhere from primary and secondary education, to higher education. Madrasas offer either secular or religious education in a variety of different Islamic based disciplines.
America – civilization vi leaders
Unique unit: P-51 Mustang
The P-51 "Mustang," an aircraft created by America during World War II, was designed as a long-range, high-altitude fighter to serve in dogfights, escort bombers and even enact bombing missions on its own. The P-51 Mustang was able to outmaneuver the best German Luftwaffe fighters above 15,000 feet and even outlast the efficient Japanese fighters, and by 1943 the P-51 Mustang was in service on every American front.
Unique unit: Rough Rider
The 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, better known by its colloquial moniker the "Rough Riders," was a regiment recruited and raised by Theodore Roosevelt in 1898 AD to fight in the Spanish-American War. This volunteer regiment included 1,060 ranchers, cowboys, college athletes, miners and other rugged outdoorsmen hailing from New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma and Arizona.
Unique Building: Film Studio
Thomas Edison, the much vaunted American inventor and businessman, created the first film studio in West Orange, New Jersey back in 1893. His film studio was used to capture the amusing larks of vaudeville and theater actors, to display within penny arcades, fairground tents and unused theaters. By 1920, there were a dozen film studios in operation around Hollywood, California, each feeding what would become an American and global obsession with film.
Queen Victoria
Unique District: Royal Navy Dockyard – A place to dock, repair, and tune up ships, worthy of The British Navy's once unmatched naval force.
Unique Unit: Redcoat – Soldiers donning red and fighting for England on distant shores, their colors meant to conceal moral-ruining blood stains. As 2K kindly points out, this didn't work. The blood stains appeared as terrifying black spots.
Unique Unit: Sea Dog – Private ships hired by Queen Elizabeth, Sea Dogs were given free reign to plunder foreign shores.
civilization vi leaders – Saladin
Unique Unit: Mamluk – Heavily armored, mounted knights who used lances, Mameluke swords, and shields to empower the Muslin armies.
Unique Building: Madrasa – The name for Arabic schools, these institutions range from primary to higher education.
Gilgamesh – civilization vi leaders
Unique Unit: War-Cart – Two soldiers armed with axes and lances sit in this basket on wheels, carted around by donkeys.
Unique Improvement: Ziggurat – Stepped pyramids, more rectangular than their Egyptian counterparts.
Trajan – civilization vi leaders
Unique Unit: Legion
Roman Legions were massive armies comprised of solider counts in the thousands. These armies utilized an infantry system called maniples – with 120 men in 12 files and 10 ranks, all part of a much larger organized structure. Armed with a pilum javelin, gladius sword, metal helmets, armor, and shields, soldiers shocked opponents by throwing their pilum and followed up with the gladius in close quarters.
Unique District: Bath
Bathing was a communal activity in Roman culture, and baths often served as a social and recreational hub. Roman baths were elaborate architectural works, and some even featured libraries, lecture halls, gyms, gardens, food and drink, and other recreational amenities.
civilization vi leaders – greece
Unique District: Acropolis
The Acropolis, which literally means "upper city" in Greek, is a fortified settlement built upon a hill or higher ground. The hilltop location provides strong defensive capabilities and, in many ancient cities, the Acropolis was the most central part of city. The Acropolis of Athens in Greece is the most iconic of these structures and has had several famous buildings erected on its premises, including the Parthenon.
Unique Unit: Hoplite
These citizen-soldiers of ancient Greek city-states were outfitted in bronze armor and carried a long spear and short, round shield. Hoplites received basic military training and primarily fought in the phalanx formation, a combat technique pioneered by Greece's generals between 750 and 350 BC.
civilization vi leaders
Unique Unit: Berserker
Norse Berserkers were intimidating warriors who fought with ravenous ferocity as they plundered enemy lands and struck down enemies without hesitation. Berserkers were driven by uncontrollable rage as they allegedly performed superhuman feats in battle, despite being mostly clad in animal skins rather than armor.
Unique Unit: Viking Longship
Invented by Norsemen during the Viking Age, the Longship was used for commerce, trade, exploration and even war. Longships were categorized as speedy wooden vessels able to traverse waters only a meter in depth, and permitted Viking raiding parties to land on just about any beach. Its light weight allowed it to be easily carried over land, and the Longship's symmetrical design meant its crew could reverse direction on water without conducting a full turn-around.
Unique Building: Stave Church
The large and elaborate wooden Stave Churches were large stone cathedrals named for their unique timber corner posts. The churches once numbered in the thousands throughout north-western Europe and have since been replicated globally, but originals now exist nearly exclusively in Norway.
Unique Unit: Ngao Mbeba
The Kongolese troops known as Shield-Bearers were highly trained heavy-infantry units, described by the Portuguese armies that faced them in 1577 as second to none. Armed with scimitar swords, long shields that extended from knees to neck, and little in the way of body armor, these units were the heart of Kongo's powerful armies.
Unique District: Mbanza
The Mbanza were cities and towns in the Kongo that originated before European influence was established. These cities, located deep in the jungle, were much larger than their Medieval Era counterparts elsewhere. As these cities grew, crafting occupations proliferated the cities and became the ruling class. The capital of the Kongo was aptly named Mbanza Kongo.
Unique Unit: Varu
Originating in India, the Varu, otherwise known as the War Elephant, is one of the world's most intimidating cavalry units. Atop the Varu rests a wooden box where archers and pikemen can attack infantry units relatively safe from harm, while the elephant itself presents multiple dangers to any soldiers within its path.
Unique Improvement: Stepwell
Indian Stepwells are man-made ponds in which water is aggregated at the center of a series of descending stairs. Marked by complex and elaborate designs that expanded beyond just utilitarian, stepwells made water readily available year-round for drinking, irrigation, bathing, and other uses.
civilization vi leaders – spain
Unique Unit: Conquistador
Conquistadors were Spanish warriors and explorers who traveled outside of European lands, colonizing territory and establishing new trade routes. These Spanish adventurers conquered the Inca, Maya, and Aztec civilizations during the Age of Discovery.
Unique Improvement: Mission
Spanish Missions were constructed in the New World as an attempt to convert indigenous peoples to Christianity. These religious outposts established the Spanish in the region and simultaneously expanded the reach of Christianity and the Spanish way of life.
civilization vi leaders – germany
Unique Unit: U-Boat
The formidable German military submarine known as the U-boat was in a class of its own when debuting in World War I, featuring a size, armament, and carrying capacity far superior to any rival nation. U-Boats continued to be a major tool of warfare in World War II, blockading enemy ports and intercepting merchant and civilian fleets before they could reach their destinations.
Unique District: Hansa
A confederation of medieval German merchants, the Hansa – marked by their famous Brick Gothic monuments – brought trading communities together to protect their economic interests. The center of the Hansa was Lubeck, where representatives met to discuss how to achieve the healthiest trading climate. The Hansa allowed the formation of armies that ensured defense against piracy and other dangers relevant to trading routes.
Unique Unit: Saka Horse Archer
The Saka Horse Archer was feared in the open field for its ability to harass soldiers grouped in columns and raid baggage trains, but wasn't necessarily the most skilled unit in a stand-up fight. Saka Horse Archers are identified by their quilted trousers, open tunics and pointy caps.
Unique Improvement: Kurgan
Kurgans are essentially great mounds of dirt used to inter the dead. Some kurgans were truly impressive to behold, exceeding 500 meters (1,600 feet) in width at the base and standing as tall as 27 meters (89 feet). In the rolling open terrain of the steppes, kurgans stood out as a clear sign to all passersby of the importance of the man or woman within.
civilization vi leaders – egypt
Unique Unit: Maryannu Chariot Archer
The Maryannu Chariot Archer is a hereditary class of nobles riding in light chariots. This style of chariot offered a stable base for archers and more room for ammunition, but had its limitations when it came to terrain. Horses and chariots posed maintenance complications, especially during longer campaigns, but the Maryannu were ultimately one of the more elite units in the pharaoh's army.
Unique Improvement: Sphinx
The Egyptian sphinx is a mythical creature comprised of a human's head atop a lion's body. The sphinx was a common theme for pharaohs obsessed with strength, eternity and wisdom, and ranged in size from small to great – the latter of which is seen in the oldest known monumental sculpture existing today: the "Great Sphinx" of Giza.
Unique Unit: Minas Geraes
This vessel was one of two unique battleships built for the Brazilian Navy in the early 20th century. Intended to secure Brazil as one of the international powers of the day, its creation sparked a naval arms race in South America and established Brazil as a strong naval power at that time.
Unique District: Street Carnival
The world-famous Carnival is an annual celebration featuring eccentric costumes and elaborate rhythmic parades across Brazil. Carnival varies between regions and goes on day-and-night in some parts of Brazil. It is easily the most famous holiday in the country and, in cities like Rio de Janeiro, can draw millions of participants, both locals and foreigners alike.
civilization vi leaders – france
Unique Unit: Garde Imperiale
A group of elite veteran soldiers formed by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799, the Garde Imperiale often received better compensation, equipment, living quarters and rations during war, much to the dismay of the other soldiers in service. The Garde Imperiale were divided into three different groups – the Old, the Middle and the Young – and served Napoleon in all of his wars until their end at the Battle of Waterloo, where the Middle Guard retreated (for the first and only time) during the battle and left the Old and Young Guards to defend Napoleon's withdrawal while simultaneously succumbing to the punishing cannons of the combined British and Prussian opposition.
Unique Improvement: Chateau
The term chateau has historically applied to large country homes with adjoining lands. In the 1600s, wealthy French lords marked the countryside with these elegant and luxurious mansions, though many were later burned during the myriad peasant and populist revolutions that swept through the nation. Numerous chateaus remain to this day as tourist attractions, including Catherine's favorite, the Chateau de Chenonceau, site of many of her spectacular nighttime parties and the first fireworks display seen in France.
civilization vi leaders aztec
Unique Unit: Eagle Warrior
Within the Aztec army existed two classes of elite infantry: the Jaguar Warriors and the Eagle Warriors. Eagle Warriors were comprised of the bravest young men of noble birth who had managed to take the most prisoners in battle. Only after taking 20 prisoners intact enough to serve as human sacrifice could a young man be considered for Eagle Warrior status.
Unique Building: Tlachtli
When Aztecs weren't waging war, capturing prisoners and sacrificing them to the gods, they often enjoyed a bit of sport. The Tlachtli, a ball court shaped like a capital I, was home to many games, including one particular game similar to basketball in which the goal is to place a ball through the opposition's stone hoop; however, in the Aztec version, you can't use your hands.
Wonder: Huey Teocalli
Otherwise known as the Greater Temple of the Aztecs, the Huey Teocalli is a giant terraced pyramid leading up to a temple where some of the most important Aztec rituals were performed. Unfortunately, there is very little left of the Huey Teocalli today, save for some scattered ruins in the Zocalo main square of Mexico City's downtown district.
civilization vi leaders china
Unique Unit: Crouching Tiger Cannon
Gunpowder, discovered in China around 9th Century AD, was initially only used for fireworks and celebratory activities; however, its application eventually spread to warfare. And so the "Crouching Tiger" was born, a rough prototype of a cannon that was essentially an iron tube, wrapped in thick rope and sealed at one end. The Crouching Tiger was reported to be in use throughout China in 1368 and even as late as 1592.
Unique Improvement: Great Wall
In Civilization V, any player could construct the Great Wall Wonder; in Civilization VI, the Great Wall is a unique improvement exclusive to China. While the idea of a wall is certainly not unique, The Great Wall of China is the most impressive, inspiring awe for over 2000 years.
civilization vi leaders japan
Unique Unit: Samurai
Samurai, or known as Bushi class, existed for nearly a thousand years in Japan. Bushido ("the way of the warrior") was a codified set of rules and way of life adopted by a large number of noble clans throughout Japan. The samurai class wasn't officially abolished in Japan until 1868 and, to this day, remains one of the most identifiable Japanese cultural touchstones.
Unique Building: Electronics Factory
With the invention of consumer electronics in the late 20th Century, Japan quickly became home to the largest electronics industry in the entire world. The first modern electronics factory was built by Sony in 1946, and Japanese innovations since have kept the country most profitable in what is easily the most competitive consumer landscape mankind has ever seen.
civilization vi leaders – England
Unique District: Royal Navy Dockyard
The first shipbuilding dockyard, which dates back to 1496 AD, was located in Portsmouth, a town on the southern coast of England. At the height of its power, the British Empire owned the most advanced and intimidating naval force on Earth. The British Navy held a series of facilities around the world where commissioned ships could be docked, refitted, repaired and overhauled for battle.
Unique Unit: Redcoat
The famous (or infamous, depending on which side you stood) Redcoats, British infantrymen dressed in garish red ensembles, were Britain's stalwart fighting force throughout the majority of its reign as a world superpower. Redcoats were shipped off to do battle for the Monarch in far off lands such as America, Zululand, India, Egypt and more. Even though the loud uniforms made these individuals easy targets for their foes, the rationale was that blood stains were disheartening to the men and so the red clothing would hide this. It did not, as blood does in fact show on red clothing as a black stain.
Unique Unit: Sea Dog
From 1560 to 1605 AD, Queen Elizabeth I gave permission to her "Sea Dogs," a force of privateers – armored ships owned and officered by private individuals – to attack the ships and colonies of other nations, even if England was not officially at war with them. These "Sea Dogs" were little more than glorified pirates and many spent their lives raiding towns and other ships across the Caribbean.
Saladin - Arabia
The Mamluk mounted knight caste rose from the ranks of slave soldiers to become a major element of Muslim armies. Mamluk wore full heavy armor on both their person and horse, and wielded lances, shields, and scimitar-shaped Mameluke swords.
Unique Building: Madrasa
Schools in Arabic are known as Madrasa, and can range anywhere from primary and secondary education, to higher education. Madrasas offer either secular or religious education in a variety of different Islamic based disciplines.


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The 2008 presidential election marked two great changes of the guard. The biggest immediate change, of course, was the election of an African-American Democrat as the next president of the United States.
But perhaps a bigger change over the long term was the crowning of the Internet as the king of all political media. It was the end of the era of television presidency that started with JFK, and the beginning of the Internet presidency.
"Barack Obama built the biggest network of supporters we've seen, using the Internet to do it," Joe Trippi, an Internet political and business consultant who pioneered the use of the Internet in politics managing Howard Dean campaign in 2004, and who managed John Edwards' campaign in this election, told InformationWeek. "I don't think there's any doubt that communication through YouTube and other social networks put him over the top."
Obama used a combination of television, the Internet, and social media to recruit volunteers and supporters, and cement relationships with them. He asked supporters to supply their cell phone numbers, and sent out regular text-message blasts, even announcing his selection for vice president over text message. Using a custom social networking site, created with the help of a Facebook co-founder, Obama supporters were able to log in and find lists of people they could call, or whose doors they could knock on, to try to persuade others to vote for their candidate.
And it's only the beginning, said Trippi. That kind of networking will likely transform the White House. Trippi anticipates Obama will create a similar social networking for his legislative initiatives and recruit supporters to lobby Congress to get his policies enacted into law.
The result will be further increase of presidential power and the erosion of congressional authority. "Congress will be put between a rock and a hard place, if millions of citizens sign up to help the president pass his agenda," Trippi said. "If the president says, 'Here are the members of Congress who stand in the way of us passing health care reform,' I would not want to be one of those people. You'll have 10 or 15 million networked Americans barging in on the members of Congress telling them to get in line with the program and pass the health care reform bill. That will be a power that no American president has had before. Congress' power will be taken over by the American people."
The Obama administration is expected to build on a foundation of grassroots support in his private social network, on Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. YouTube users alone spent 14.5 million hours watching official Barack Obama campaign videos -- and that isn't even including user-generated videos, Trippi said, adding that amount of network time for political commercials would have cost $46 million -- and, while YouTube users requested the videos and therefore most likely watched them, there's no way to tell whether anybody's watching TV commercials.
The Obama campaign used Google Maps mashups to help volunteers find local campaign resources and people to contact and try to persuade. And, of course, it used the Internet to solicit donations. Some 3.2 million people donated to the Obama campaign through its Web site.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ann Graff, 79, Indianapolis, formerly of North Manchester, passed away at 5:20 p.m. on Nov. 28 at St. Vincent's Hospice, Indianapolis. She was born March 25, 1934 to Irven and Mary (Snider) Wendel, in Wabash County.
She had been the co-owner of the former Colonial Restaurant in North Manchester and later was in management of apartment complexes for 20 years, most recently in Indianapolis.
She is survived by a son, William (Kim) Ayres, Indianapolis and two daughters, Ginny (Robert) Reid, East Lansing, Mich. and Nancy (Todd) Jaggi, Livonia, Mich.; seven grandchildren and three great-grandchildren.
Funeral services will be held on Tuesday, Dec. 3 at 11:30 a.m. at McKee Mortuary, 1410 State Road 114 West, North Manchester, with Pastor J.P. Freeman officiating. Visitation will be on Dec. 3 from 9-11 a.m. Burial will follow in Oaklawn Cemetery, North Manchester.
Memorials may be made to St. Vincent's Hospice, 8450 N. Payne Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268.


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The Los Angeles Dodgers entered their 126th season looking to defend their two consecutive division titles of the National League West. While the team fell in four games to the St. Louis Cardinals in the Division Series (shocking many online sports bettors), their players enjoyed a number of milestones. Pitcher Clayton Kershaw led the majors in wins and earned run average; shortstop Dee Gordon led the majors in triples and stolen bases; and first baseman Adrian Gonzalez led MLB in the runs batted in category.
In the front office, Andrew Friedman was brought on board as the President of Baseball Operations, while Farhan Zaidi was hired to replace Ned Colletti as General Manager. The duo wasted no time in making changes to the roster, performing around 30 off-season deals.
The team's bullpen was bolstered by the addition of free agent signees Brandon McCarthy and Brett Anderson. McCarthy signed for four years and $48 million, while Anderson signed a one-year deal worth $10 million. Infielder Hector Olivera was also added, and his six-year contact was valued at $62.5 million.
A number of trades also took place between the Dodgers and other MLB franchises. Outfielder Matt Kemp and $32 million were sent to the Padres to in exchange for pitcher Joe Wieland and catcher Yasmani Grandal, while minor league pitchers Zach Eflin and Tom Windle were shipped to the Phillies for shortstop Jimmy Rollins.
The most involved trade included second baseman Dee Gordon, infielder Miguel Rojas, starting pitcher Dan Haren, and a player to be named later. These players were sent to the Marlins in order to acquire catcher Austin Barnes, reliever Chris Hatcher, infielder/outfielder Enrique Hernandez, and pitcher Andrew Heaney. Following this trade, pitcher Andrew Heaney was then sent to the Angels for second baseman Howie Kendrick.
The team's regular season opened on April 6th at Dodgers Stadium against the San Diego Padres. To begin the year, the following players were in the lineup:
Adrian Gonzalez got off to a hot start, becoming the first player in MLB history to have five home runs in the first three games of the season. The knack for homers eventually extended to the whole team, and the Dodgers closed out the month with a league-leading mark of 32 home runs in 21 games.
While they were swept in a three-game stretch against the Giants, the Dodgers performed better against the other clubs on their schedule. The middle of the month was especially solid, as the team went on a 7-game winning streak. They closed out April with a record of 13 wins and 8 losses.
The month of May started strong courtesy of a sweep against the Arizona Diamondbacks. Joc Pederson made headlines, becoming the first Dodgers rookie since Bill Sudakis in 1969 to go yard in four consecutive games.
Things got tough in the middle to latter stages of the month. The Dodgers were swept in a three-game road trip against the Giants, and this led to an unfortunate 35-inning scoreless streak. The team rebounded by winning 2 of 3 against both the Padres and the Braves, but their record for the month of May closed out at 16 wins and 12 losses.
June was an up and down month for the team, as each win seemed to be followed by a stretch of heartbreaking losses. The Dodgers bullpen struggled, with relievers often coughing up wins.
The team's bats didn't let them down, however. Joc Pederson set a franchise record for rookie home runs prior to the All-Star break, and the team also boasted six players with home run totals in the double digits. This latter had only been achieved twice before at that point in the season, and both of those occurred in the 1970s.
The team finished with 15 wins and 15 losses in June. This brought their regular season record to a respectable 44 wins and 35 losses.
Zack Greinke managed to pitch four scoreless innings on July 4th, which marked his 4th consecutive start without allowing a run. Clayton Kershaw also reminded fans of his value, striking out 13 and pitching a complete game shutout against the Phillies on July 8th.
The middle of the month was marked by the 86th All-Star Game, and the Dodgers sent five players to represent their team. Zack Greinke and Joc Pederson started the game, with the latter becoming the first Dodgers rookie position player to ever do so. Clayton Kershaw, Yasmani Grandal, and Adrian Gonzalez also got a chance to display their skillset.
The team went 7-6 to close out the month, bringing their total for July to 14 wins and 10 losses. At this stage of the season, their overall record was 58 wins and 45 losses.
Clayton Kershaw was in the spotlight in the month of August. The veteran pitcher recorded his 200th strikeout for the sixth season in a row, making him only the 10th MLB pitcher in history to do so. He also became the first pitcher to get multiple streaks of 37 or more scoreless innings since Red Sox great Luis Tiant in the late 60s and early 70s.
Despite a stretch of five losses against the Athletics and Astros, the team managed to end the month on a high note. They won six of their last seven, and their bats drove in 27 runs during this period. The Dodgers finished 15-12 for August, which brought their season record to 73 wins and 57 losses.
New acquisition Chase Utley hit his first homer with the Dodgers, and the team got off to a hot start in the month of September by winning seven of their first eight games (hopefully you placed some good parlays at 5Dimes). Zach Greinke extended his record to 16-3 during this stretch, and reliever Kenley Jansen getting his 31st save of the year.
By the middle of September, the Dodgers had compiled a season record of 81-60 (47-21 at home and 34-39 on the road). This was good enough for first place in the National League West, leading the second-place Giants by 7 ½ games.


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BOSTON — While 91 percent of the respondents to a recent survey believe exercising at a health club would improve their overall health, only 18 percent of those surveyed actually belong to a health club, according to a survey by the International Health, Racquet and Sportsclub Association (IHRSA).
Lack of time is the leading reason more Americans don't exercise and go to health club, the survey found. Forty-two percent of respondents said that exercising for 30 minutes twice a week at a health club would interfere with other priorities while 34 percent said it would not.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, two-thirds of American adults do not engage in regular leisure-time physical activity. John McCarthy, former executive director of IHRSA, said understanding why most Americans don't exercise is the first step towards helping them improve their health and fitness.
"What needs to change so more people can make physical activity a routine part of their daily lives?" McCarthy said. "We must understand the barriers to increased physical activity and act now to counter the health crisis our country is facing. Somehow, we must make the cultural shift from a sedentary to a more physically active society."
Support from family for an exercise regimen also plays a factor. Nearly half of the married Americans who responded to the survey said their partner or spouse didn't want them to exercise twice a week for 30 minutes while 34 percent supported their twice-a-week visit to the club. Half of the respondents with children said their children didn't think they should exercise twice a week at a club while 19 percent thought they should go to the club two days a week.
Only 40 percent of Americans surveyed believed their doctor thought they should exercise at a health club at least twice per week for 30 minutes for the next month.
"It's extremely surprising that although regular physical activity is such a fundamentally important component of good health, so many people don't understand that their doctors want them to exercise — and only a minority of Americans feel they have their family's support in establishing healthy lifestyles," McCarthy said.


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Tagless Typed lambda-calculus with integers and the conditional in the higher-order abstract syntax. Haskell itself ensures the object terms are well-typed. Here we use GADT: This file is not in Haskell98
- data Term t where
- evald :: Term t -> t
- evalo :: Term t -> Term t
|V :: t -> Term t
|L :: (Term t1 -> Term t2) -> Term (t1 -> t2)
|A :: Term (t1 -> t2) -> Term t1 -> Term t2
|I :: Int -> Term Int
|:+ :: Term Int -> Term Int -> Term Int
|IFZ :: Term Int -> Term t -> Term t -> Term t
|Fix :: Term ((a -> b) -> a -> b) -> Term (a -> b)
|Show (Term t)
Since we rely on the metalanguage for typechecking and hence
type generalization, we have to use the metalanguage `let'
The (V n) term, aka the polymorphic lift, is not used in user terms.
This is the
It is quite challenging to show terms. In fact, we can't do it for lambda-terms at all! The argument of the L constructor is a function. We can't show functions; if we find a term to apply the function to, we obtain a term, which we can show then. The only candidate for the term to pass to the body of L is the V term; but to construct (V x) we need x -- the value of some type (and we don't have an idea of the type). So, the best we can do is (V undefined) -- which, alas, we can't show. The only solution is to modify the definition of Term t, and make the V constructor thusly: V :: t -> String -> Term t. In that case, we can show V-term values.
We no longer need variables or the environment and we do normalization by evaluation.
Denotational semantics. Why?
evalo :: Term t -> Term tSource
Operational semantics. Why? GADT are still implemented imperfectly: we the default case in case statements (with cannot happen error), to avoid the warning about inexhaustive pattern match -- although these case-brances can never be executed. Why?


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UK carrier Three has today sent out a press release detailing the launch of the HTC 8X Windows Phone, which is stated to be available from today on the Three website as well as in-store. So just how much will we be expecting to pay for the flagship Windows Phone? The network has also launched the handset in Ireland.
Consumers will be able to pick up the HTC 8X for £29 a month (with an upfront fee of just £30) on the Ultimate Internet 500 plan. Pay As You Go is also supported with a price tag of £349.99, plus a top-up. Should you take the out-of-contract route, All in One 15 costs £15 and provides 30-day access to all-you-can-eat data along with 300 any-network minutes and 3,000 texts. Or All in One 25 costs £25 and offers 500 minutes, 3,000 texts and all-you-can-eat data for a 30-day period.
Sylvia Chind, Head of Devices at Three, had the following to comment on the announcement:
"The 8X by HTC is packed full of great features and is perfect for streaming HD and enjoying music while on the go. Coupled with The One Plan offering amazing value with All-you-can-eat data it's no surprise that Three carries over 40% of the UK's data traffic."
If the pricing wasn't exciting enough, Three is also offering a special gift with each HTC 8X purchase. Customers who purchase the Windows Phone (24-month contracts eligible when taken out between 09.11.12 – 21.12.12) will also receive a copy of the Windows 8 Pro upgrade completely free. Pretty neat, eh?
To recap on what's on offer, the HTC 8X packs a large 4.3" HD display, dual-core CPU, 8MP camera and 16GB storage to boot. Unfortunately it seems the website hasn't been updated yet. We'll revisit this article once the product page has been made live.
Update: product listing is now live.
This post may contain affiliate links. See our disclosure policy for more details.


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When the attorney for F.P. Newport Co. and the Verdugo syndicate that developed Verdugo Woodlands visited the area, he decided to purchase 3 acres on Cañada Boulevard for his own family. The property was later developed as Capistrano Circle.
The attorney, Charles L. Chandler, and his wife, Gisela, an accomplished linguist and ornithologist, had been living in Los Angeles, but relocated to Glendale in 1913. They lived on North Central Avenue while building their house, "Los Ritos."
A Feb. 29, 1924, Daily Press article described the site as one of the city's most picturesque, "an estate of several acres, which Chandler has been wise enough to leave in its original wild loveliness." The Chandlers became involved in local school and civic activities, and he served as president of the Verdugo Hills Council, Boy Scouts of America. The Scouts built a rustic clubhouse in the wilderness of the back acres, according to the Daily Press.
"They added to the house many times," said John Gregg, who developed the land in 1958. "The house reminded me of the Winchester House in San Jose; there were so many additions. The house had a big ballroom, gorgeous maple floors, and a 7-foot-wide stone fireplace."
The house was hidden from the street by a jungle of trees, mostly oaks, some sycamores, pine and one redwood, and lots of vines, Gregg said. The driveway crossed Verdugo Creek, which flowed through the property.
The Chandlers had three daughters.
"Three disasters hit the family," Gregg said. "The oldest daughter married and came home to have a child, but both died in childbirth."
They also lost the younger daughter.
"She was dressed to go out. She had on a dancing dress with many gauzy layers and was twirling around in front of the fireplace, but she got too close, and her dress caught fire."
Charles Chandler had a massive heart attack and died.
"The mother and the middle daughter became real reclusive after these tragedies," Gregg said.
In the mid-1950s, Gregg's father told him about a property that many other Realtors had tried to get.
"I walked back in there and talked with them about what would happen later," Gregg said. "The widow was in her early 80s by then, the daughter in her mid-50s. The daughter, Mitzi, worked for the city of Glendale for awhile."
Gregg made six or seven visits, listening to their stories and hearing their concerns.
"They hated the real estate brokers who had been pestering them for many years," he said. "By now, the land around them had been totally developed, leaving this 3-acre island." He added that Sylvan Lane outlines part of the property.
"They knew development was inevitable and that it wouldn't be easy to sell," Gregg said.
When they told him how much they loved the trees, he promised to save as many as he could and they sold it to him in 1958.
Since he was only 24 and a student at UCLA, his father co-signed the loan.
They laid out the plots to protect as many trees as possible, often orienting the houses around the old oaks.
Kata Zadeh, who bought one of the houses on Capistrano Circle about two years ago, loves the street and the trees.
"We looked a long time," Zadeh said. "Every house on the street is different, and this one has a huge oak tree in the front yard. We spend a lot of time in our yard."
Readers Write
John Hamell lived on Sylvan Lane from 1946 to 1950. He recalled visiting with the neighbor next door who rented a room from Mrs. Chandler, "the owner of the very large property behind us. He used to come up to our back fence and talk to us. When we got older, our father told us that the man was Harrison Ford, an actor from silent films. My father and grandfather both worked at Paramount Studios, and I think Ford must have enjoyed talking about 'old Hollywood' with my father."
If you have questions, comments or memories to share, please write to Verdugo Views, c/o News-Press, 221 N. Brand Blvd., 2nd Floor, Glendale, CA 91203. Please include your name, address and phone number.


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I've been running around completely cocky this year, telling everyone how I was once a hardcore sufferer of Hayfever and had got over it due to improved immunity to allergens due to living with cats.
IITADTLWC I call it.
Then BOOM, it hit be like a brick last weekend – the itchy, scratchy throat, runny nose, itchy eyes. Its just hideous and I am sure that my medicine works for about 5 minutes.
So I am thinking of doing a Hayfever survival video.
Survival, not a cure mind. But still, would you be interested?


text: Two elderly sisters in Los Angeles' ritzy Pacific Palisades neighborhood have taken the creepy old woman stereotype up a notch: rat-hoarding. That's right; seems when they became too old to take in larger animals, animal-lovers Marjorie and Margaret Barthel began feeding wild rats - which, experts speculate, has fueled the area's recent and mysterious rat boom. The infestation became apparent when a young couple moved in next door, and although the sisters have allowed exterminators to come through ("they hauled several large garbage bags heavy with dead rats from the bedrooms, kitchen, attic, basement and guesthouse"), their (apparently excellent) insurance policy requires that State Farm pay for the upcoming court battle. "Since 1958, we've had rats," said one of the women. "I've lived with rats since 1958, honey…. When I got the house in [1958], that's the day I started feeding all the animals. And I fed them as long as I lived there." [Mental Floss]


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That time of year again
Posted by natasha smith on Tuesday, April 18, 2017, In : new work
Fragments of Red
Posted by natasha smith on Thursday, March 20, 2014, In : new work
. 25/26 ancrum art art trail at august autumn bank beginners big borders buns buy cakes carving children classes coldstream course courses craft crossing crossing-borders design exhibition feast fox fragments gallery hirsel holiday igneous kenya lettercutting lettering maker meet melrose new open open studio picture rock scotland society stone stone. studio teaching trail tree visual weekend white work your


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I really want to make a new dress for my birthday, and I have two weeks to go. I have a great printed cotton with blue flowers on white in my stash and it would be great for making a classic fifties dress... So with this one I might turn back time a good 60 years, to late summer 1952. Seems much more fun than to turn 29 if you ask me, anyway.
So, here's some inspiration. No collage today but loads of pretty pictures!
(All pictures via google and the vintage patterns wikia)
Lovely dresses and patterns, right? All the patterns are (as far as I know) from 1952!


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The Real Snakes on a Plane — Why One Flight Had to Make an Emergency Landing
We have all heard about the movie 'Snakes on a Plane.' Because it held such ridiculous content, no one believed it could really happen. But, it did. One flight lived out the real horror of an uninvited guest on their trip through the skies.
CNN and KETK reported recently that, "Ninety passengers aboard an Egypt Air flight from Cairo to Kuwait could have used actor Samuel L. Jackson this week after a snake reportedly bit a Jordanian man who smuggled the reptile onboard."
How terrifying! The Hollywood plot came to life for these passengers.
Though this plane did not have quite the dramatic action of the movie, it is still a situation to be frightened of. The man that smuggled the snake onto this aircraft was trying to control the reptile hidden in his carry on, until it bite him and then slithered through the crowd.
What would you do if you saw a large cobra emerge from under your seat and wiggle in between your feet? Those with a phobia of the animals would surely create a chaotic scene. That is, if they did not just pass out from the terror.
Luckily, nothing too extreme happened for this Egypt flight past an emergency landing. This flight soon took off again after the unpredicted stop with no real harm done. But, the people of this script come to reality are truly fortunate nothing worse happened.
According to wildlife experts, the cobra's venom is so deadly it can kill a full-grown elephant in three hours or a person in about 15 minutes. The man that received the strike did not die and no other person was bitten. If someone had it would beg the question, would this incident become the sequel to the 'Snakes on a Plane' movie?
If I were to leave the Tyler Pounds air field and come face to face with a large snake while miles above ground, I would make my first trip to an airplane bathroom. All insecurities about germs and other unsettling things that fill the tiny room would disappear. All that would matter is the comfort of a sealed space away from nature's beast.
What would you do if put into Samuel L. Jackson's position or those of this horrifying flight?


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New Springsteen 'Leaked' Early
Bruce Springsteen fans temporarily got a bit of an extended Christmas yesterday (Dec. 28) when his upcoming album, 'High Hopes,' was made available for download -- accidentally perhaps -- from Amazon's mobile site. The scheduled release date is Jan. 14, 2014.
Although Amazon fixed the problem relatively quickly, it was still long enough for word to spread via social media. Perhaps more damaging to the album's commercial chances, the availability enabled people to upload the mp3s and share it with friends. Billboard says that it is not known if the leak was intentional.
'High Hopes' is mostly a collection of covers and unreleased songs from the past decade. In a departure from Springsteen's usual method of working, he recorded much of it with the E Street Band while touring Australia last spring, the first time he had ever booked studio time while on the road. Guitarist Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine, who has frequently joined Springsteen over the years, is featured on eight of the disc's 12 songs.
In late-January, Springsteen will embark on a five-week tour of the Southern Hemisphere, hitting South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Although nothing has been booked yet, he is looking to tour the U.S. in 2014, with an emphasis on playing markets that he missed on the 'Wrecking Ball' tour, such as Texas and Florida.


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Amir Bar-Lev has evolved into one of the most controversial and successful new wave of documentarians. My Kid Could Paint That is his second feature film. His directorial debut, Fighter (2001) was named one of the top documentaries of the year by Newsweek, The Rolling Stone, The Village Voice and several other major publications.
It won 6 international awards, received "Two Thumbs Up" by Ebert and Roeper, and was called "Brilliant" by The New Yorker, "Enthralling" by New York Times, "Finniest film of the summer" by the New York Post and "one of the best documentaries of this year or any other by Rolling Stone. Fighter was released theatrically in the fall of 2001, and aired on the Independent Film Channel.
After Fighter and before beginning My Kid Could Paint That, Bar-Lev spent 4 years looking for a new project and working in television. He served as a creator and Executive Producer on several pilots, including Remix, a DJ competition, but it's his latest film causing quite the stir as it explores media, fame and parenthood.
The film revolves around Marla Olmstead, an internationally acclaimed four-year-old painter, whose abstract paintings sold for as much as $25,000 a piece, but when her father was accused of secretly authoring the paintings, questions arise. Bar-Lev talked to Paul Fischer.
Question: Can you tell me, start off by letting me know at what point did you first become aware of this family?
Bar-Lev: Well, I read The New York Times story that is featured in the film. And I was intrigued by the many interesting questions brought up by the Marla phenomenon, the questions of celebrity, the questions of art, the questions of the way the media works, childhood. But when I met the Olmsteads, a few days after reading that article, I realized that those questions were going to play out in a pretty cinematic way. Because it so needn't have been this sort of dry, desiccation of these interesting academic things, because here you had a real life, very likable family, who was, I think, by their own admission, way in over their head. And had become overnight celebrities in a world they knew nothing about. It's a very interesting ride.
Question: How cynical was the family when you first approached them?
Bar-Lev: Cynical?
Question: Yeah. And how reticent were they to let you in?
Bar-Lev: They weren't at all reticent about me or anybody else in the media.
Question: Until the 60 Minutes piece, I guess.
Bar-Lev: Well, 60 Minutes showed up, I think, on the exact same day that I did. And in fact, you know, in the outtakes of my film, I have footage of them basically introducing themselves.
Question: What surprised you about this family as you began or embarked on this cinematic journey?
Bar-Lev: Well, I can tell you right off the bat that – I think I was expecting those type of show parents that you come to expect when you hear about a four-year-old international star. And they were anything but that type of show parents. And what surprised me and intrigued me from the beginning was their ambivalence about all the attention. You know, I felt like it was one of those stories, kind of like you hear about when someone wins the lottery. Often times it's the worst thing that ever happened to them. Well, you know, Laura – Laura, I think, one of her early quotes with me was – let me think. You know, a part of me hopes she never paints again. I can't remember whether that's in the film or not.
Question: I believe it is, yes.
Bar-Lev: Yeah. I mean, to me, that is a very telling line, and a very serious line, you know?
Question: But the father's perspective seems to be a little bit different. perspective.
Bar-Lev: Yeah. I mean, you know. I think – I think that he was more enamored with the attention.
Question: Do you think he comes across as more unsympathetic than Laura does?
Bar-Lev: You know, I hope that one of the enjoyable things about this film is that there are no kind of cookie cutter characters. And, I read a review the other day which said that, Bar-Lev passes around the black hat. Meaning that nobody comes off a villain, and nobody comes off a hero, myself included. And, you know, I think there's a bunch of different ways to read all the characters. What is intriguing about it for me is that no one scenario has – you know, like, a perfect solved puzzle, to this day. You know. I have my opinions and the reason I answer your question that way is because – you know, you start to – you start to point out all those various scenarios, and you try and go with them as you have the impression that Mark seems less trustworthy, then you start to say, "Well, is it possible that he did the paintings and she didn't know"–none of those scenarios make total sense. I began this film not with the intention of making a perfect mystery, where I sat in the edit room, and I sort of with a bean counter kind of say, "Well, here's a pro, here's a con. Here's a pro, here's a con," because that wouldn't have been fair. I presented all the evidence that I had and you and audience members are going to have to conclude whatever they conclude.
And the thing that's been really gratifying for me as a filmmaker is that people are walking away from the cinema concluding wildly different things and it feels kind of like it reflects my own confusion in a nice way.
Question: Did their attitude towards you change after the airing of the 60 Minutes piece?
Bar-Lev: Well, did their attitude change me. I don't know if it changed towards me, but it certainly changed toward everyone else in the media.
Question: But obviously that piece didn't change your own attitudes towards them.
Bar-Lev: You know, the funny thing about it is that it wasn't the 60 Minutes piece that really started to – the whole thing was an evolution, you know? I mean, I had never had the beginnings of a shred of doubt before 60 Minutes. But it wasn't as though after 60 Minutes I concluded for myself that it was a Hoax. I wasn't really won over by 60 Minutes.
Question: Are you surprised that movie has struck the kind of chord that it has?
Bar-Lev: I think that there's a part of me that isn't very surprised, because I've been thinking about this for three years. And I have been astounded at how often I feel I see the Marla story in other stories. Whether it's James Frey, KT Leroy, Kid Nation now. I just was opening The New Yorker, even two weeks ago in The New Yorker there was the story of that pianist in England, Joyce Pado. The film strikes a chord, because basically we know so much about the world now through the media and the media can so easily skew the facts. That people are gonna see this film – in this film, they're gonna see their own questions about the way the media distorts things, and also the way the reality TV distorts things, and even the way that documentaries distort things, in they own way.
Question: Have you kept in touch with the family since the film's release?
Bar-Lev: We have a civil relationship. We sort of agree to disagree.
Question: Have they seen the movie?
Bar-Lev: They have, yeah. They saw it before Sundance. They sent a public statement to Sundance.
Question: What do you hope to do next, at this point?
Bar-Lev: It's funny, I have another film that I can't talk about yet, unfortunately.
Question: Another documentary, I take it.
Bar-Lev: Actually, I have two films. One is a documentary, and the other is a narrative film. I'm sorry that I can't exactly talk about either of them at this very moment.


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Former NFL receiver Sam Hurd has been sentenced to 15 years in prison for his role in a drug trafficking conspiracy.
Hurd, who pleaded guilty in April to conspiring to possess and distribute cocaine, was sentenced in a federal courtroom in Texas today. Under federal sentencing laws, Hurd faced a minimum of 10 years.
Rebecca Lopez of WFAA in Dallas reports that Hurd stood before the judge and begged for a second chance. Hurd claimed that his marijuana addiction led him to make bad decisions. The judge admonished Hurd for throwing away a great opportunity as an NFL player.
The 28-year-old Hurd played for the Cowboys from 2006 to 2010 and for the Bears in 2011. His NFL career came to an abrupt end one day during the 2011 season when he went from Bears practice to a Chicago restaurant for what he thought was a meeting with Mexican drug dealers to arrange to buy tens of thousands of dollars worth of cocaine. Hurd was actually meeting with undercover FBI agents.
Hurd's attorney said after the sentencing that he was pleased that the judge did not impose the maximum sentence of life in prison without parole.


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TOKYO — An aquarium in a Japanese town known for dolphin hunts is being sued by an American activist who says denying him entry is discriminatory.
The lawsuit filed by former dolphin trainer Ric O'Barry says the Taiji Whale Museum refuses entry to Western-looking people who want to check on a baby albino dolphin it has in captivity.
O'Barry said he was determined to take the white bottlenose he calls Angel to a more natural habitat, such as a sanctuary.
"They don't want people like me to go into the Taiji Whale Museum to monitor Angel," O'Barry said Thursday in Tokyo following a trip to Taiji, where he delivered his protest to the aquarium.
Katsuki Hayashi, who heads the aquarium, says it routinely denies entry to non-Japanese activists, such as members of Sea Shepherd, who come annually to protest the town's dolphin hunts. He said tourists and other visitors are welcome.
He declined comment on the lawsuit as he had yet to see it.
"We just politely refuse those kinds of people," he said. "They demand we free the dolphins."
Hayashi insisted the albino dolphin, captured with other dolphins in January and named Supika by the aquarium, was doing fine, eating herring and swimming with other dolphins.
The Taiji aquarium has dolphins in shows and other exhibits. It also sells dolphin and whale meat and dolphin toys.
O'Barry believes the dolphin is being harassed by other dolphins and is traumatized by being separated from its parents.
Taiji museum dolphin trainer Tetsuo Kirihata estimates the dolphin's age at about 1.
When asked what happened to its parents, Kirihata said: "We don't know for sure. They may have become meat."
The Japanese government defends the hunts of dolphins as tradition. But the Taiji hunt has drawn opposition internationally, including from U.S. Ambassador to Japan Caroline Kennedy, Sting and other celebrities.
O'Barry, 74, trained dolphins for the 1960s "Flipper" TV series before having a change of heart and turning against captivity. He starred in the Oscar-winning documentary "The Cove" about Taiji's annual hunt.
In the hunt, a pod is driven into a cove and the dolphins are stabbed to death, as the water turns red. O'Barry and his supporters say killing dolphins for food is cruel because they are intelligent, wild animals.
Aside from the hunt, selling dolphins to aquariums is lucrative. After the best-looking dolphins are picked, the rest are slaughtered and sold as meat. The aquarium in Taiji denies the white dolphin is for sale.
This is the largest slaughter of dolphins on planet Earth," said O'Barry. "Hundreds of thousands of dolphins have died there, in the most brutal way imaginable. Angel is the symbol of all of that. That is why she is so important."
Follow Yuri Kageyama on Twitter at twitter.com/yurikageyama


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A hug is like a boomerang – you get it back right away. ~ Bil Keane
That's what people do who love you. They put their arms around you and love you when you're not so lovable. ~ Deb Caletti
If you're angry at a loved one, hug that person. And mean it. You may not want to hug – which is all the more reason to do so. It's hard to stay angry when someone shows they love you, and that's precisely what happens when we hug each other. ~ Walter Anderson Read the rest of this entry »


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Music Lyrics
Bass and Guitar Tabs
and More...
Henry Pond had no fun
Had a face like a currant bun
This adolescent little fella
Was nicknamed by his friends "Old Yella"
The doctors gave him creams and lotions
To try to sooth the boys emotions
But all in vain; the acne stayed
Henry's hopes began to fade
Then, when just about to crack
He found another cream - Medac
When Henry in the mirror peered
His pimples all had disappeared
Henry laughed and yelled "I got 'em!
Me face is like a baby's bottom"
Click here to return to my Who lyrics page
The lyrics are Copyright their respective owners.
Website © 2000-2014 mattsmusicpage.com. All rights reserved.
Legal & DMCA: Matt's Music Page has been providing lyrics and tabs in a legal way, paying royalties each year to a few organizations. Then, all lyrics and tabs were removed from the site. Now, there's a new owner to the site, which purchased it August 26, 2014, and he is in negotiation to obtain licensing from BMI at the moment. If you have a specific DMCA request -- please do not hesitate to contact me via the contact button on top. I will do my very best to keep this site fully legal.
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(Photo by Starr)
Meals for millions gives Bethel students a chance to share in-directly
their plenty with the needy of the world. Karen Nelson and
Tim Sward are two students who will be participating in this program
tomorrow night in the dining hall.
(Photo by Starr)
Woman triumphs again as Marilynne Anderson crosses off the
name of the eligible bachelor she snared early in the year's Nik Dag
hunting season. The lucky Bethel man remains anonymous.
Students View
World Missions
■ LL* eat
ij jr." 'in A.
A "Meals for Millions" dinner
will be sponsored by the religious
committee of the student senate to-morrow
evening in the dining hall.
General Mills has initiated the
"Meals for Millions" program to
help other nations of the world
maintain health standards by sup-plying
an inexpensive, nutritious
meal for their people.
A special formula base made by
General Mills that provides one
third of the daily nutrient needs
of the average adult and costs ap-proximately
three cents is the main
Those choosing to participate in
the program will sit in a special
section of the dining hall during
the regular evening meal.
Cost for students not on the meal
plan is $1. Students with meal
tickets may present them as usual.
Money for meal tickets will be re-funded
to the religious committee
and forwarded to "Meals for Mil-lions
Incorporated," which will
distribute it to the needy.
Nik Dag hunting season official-ly
opened yesterday. as Bethel wo-men
began snaring their dates for
the annual turnabout social spon-sored
by the sophomore class.
"There Is Nothing Like a Dean,"
a three-act musical, is the high-
. . the "lucky" man
Sponsored by the National As-sociation
of Evangelicals, the an-nual
Washington D. C. seminar
will be held in the nation's capital
Feb. 12-15, 1962.
To acquaint students with the
functions of government and with
the variety of careers open in gov-
Last Wednesday the "Dial 9"
system was restored on campus,
making calls possible from any
campus telephone. To be con-nected
with an off-campus num-ber,
the caller must first dial
nine, then the number desired.
Long distance calls must be
placed through pay phones. The
administration discontinued the
free phone service at the begin-ning
of the year due to uncol-lected
phone bills from last year.
light of the program to be pre-sented
Saturday, Nov. 17, at 9
p.m. in the Prudential building in
A LIST of names of the campus
bachelors is posted in Bodien resi-dence
and a girl must cross off
the name of her date immediately
after asking. No one may be asked
Each girl creates a corsage for
her date indicative of his inter-ests,
name or vocational plans.
Corsages will be judged on hu-mor
and cleverness during the
program, and the winner will be
announced by sophomore class
president Bob Beckstrom.
Co-directors for the program are
Jan Aiton and Lynne Stapp. The
ernmental service is the purpose
of this meeting.
During the conference, stu-dents
will observe officials in all
branches of government, listen
to discussions by leading con-gressmen,
attend committee
hearings and tour the city.
Qualifications for attendance are
a B average in the previous sem-ester
and completion of a course in
American government or American
history. The students must also be
interested in public affairs, in
teaching in the social science field
or in entering governmental work.
If a significant number of stu-dents
are interested in attending,
a delegation from Bethel will tra-vel
to the conference.
Costs will be $27.50 for
room and board while in Wash-ington,
D.C., but this figure does
not include two lunches, trans-portation
costs and other per-sonal
All those interested should con-tact
Dr. Walfred Peterson, P.O.
56, as a five dollar deposit must
be made by Dec. 1, 1962.
World Missions week will climax
with a service in recognition of
Bethel alumni who are going to
the mission field of South Amer-ica.
Honoring the Delmar IntVelds,
prospective missionaries to .Argen-tina,
and the Nils Fribergs, ap-pointees
to Brazil, the program
will begin at 7 p.m. in the field-house.
An offering taken last Fri-day
during chapel will be present-ed
to them by Paul Johnson, chair-man
of the religious committee as
a gift from Bethel students.
THESE PROSPECTIVE mission-aries
will give their testimony and
Franklin Nelson, executive secre-tary
of the Board of Foreign Mis-sions
will speak.
Tonight a panel of returned
missionaries led by Dr. Ivan
Fahs will discuss the topic "The
Gospel Encounters Cultural Dif-ferences"
at 7 in the college
Dr. David Moberg, professor of
sociology; Gordon Anderson, sec-retary
of home missions; and Dale
Bjork, missionary from Japan, will
form a panel tomorrow evening to
discuss "The Gospel and Earth's
Exploding Population."
CONSIDERING "The Gospel and
Expanding Nationalism," Dr. Wal-fred
Peterson, associate professor
of political science, will guide the
Thursday discussion.
Photographs and information
on the mission fields, along with
literature on missions available
to the students are on display in
the student lounge. While view-ing
the displays, students may
sample various foreign foods.
Missionaries will be in the cof-fee
shop each afternoon between
1 and 3 to converse with those stu-dents
with special interests in mis-sions
service who have made an
Residents of Iowa, Minnesota,
North and South Dakota and Wis-consin
or students at schools in
these states will be competing Nov.
23-24 in the Seventh Annual Young
appointment in the student affairs
CLIFFORD ANDERSON, chair-man
of the special weeks commit-tee,
urges more students to avail
themselves of this opportunity for
personal discussion.
To give faculty and students
an opportunity to question Dr.
Clyde Taylor, featured speaker
of the week, on missions and
mission politics, the journalism
class has arranged a press con-ference
for 1 p.m. Thursday, in
the college auditorium.
Dr. Taylor is exploring the
theme "Crucial Issues in World
Missions" in chapel during the
week. Wednesday he will speak on
"A Continent in Revolution,"
Thursday on "African Nationalism
on the March," and Friday on
"Priorities in World Missions."
Band Presents
`Evening of Fun'
"An Evening of Musical Fun"
will be presented by the music de-partment
Tuesday, Nov. 20, at 8
p.m. in the fieldhouse.
Carole Lundquist and Dave Hage
are co-chairmen of the program
which will feature the band under
the direction of Julius Whitinger.
Assisting the band will be the
Bethel college choir directed by
Robert Berglund.
Spirited numbers will character-ize
the first half of the program.
The band will play "The Crusad-ers"
by Buchtel, "Music of the
South Americas" by Tucci and
Morrissey and the "Spiritual"
from "Symphony 51/2" by Gillis.
Highlighting the second section
will be selections from "The King
and I," presented by the band and
choir, who will also combine
for the finale, "This Is My Coun-try"
by Ringwald.
Artists competition held at the
University of Minnesota.
Sponsored by the Women's as-sociation
of the Minneapolis Sym-phony
orchestra, the competition
has both piano and orchestral in-strument
divisions. Winners in the
competition receive cash awards
and full or part tuition scholar-ships
to the Manhattan school of
music, New York city.
Final competition will be held
Saturday morning at 9 in North-rup
auditorium and is open to the
public. Tea will be served in the
lobby immediately following.
Stanislaw Skrowaczewski, direc-tor
of the Minneapolis Symphony
orchestra, heads the board of pro-minent
music authorities acting as
judges. The competition is similar
to that sponsored by other or-chestra
groups in other states.
Exam To Exempt
Required Course
A one-hour health examination
will be given this Thursday at
noon in room 105. Students ob-taining
satisfactory scores on the
test will not be required to take
Personal and Community Health,
which is a requirement for gradua-tion.
Although passing the test ex-empts
a student from the require-ment,
he will receive no credits.
Textbook of Healthful Living,
sixth edition, by Diehl, contains
the material for study in prepara-tion
for the test. Copies of the text
are in the library reserve section.
program committee, headed by
Beckstrom, includes Bill Carlson,
June Erickson, Penny Fagerstrom
and Lynda Runbeck.
LEADS IN the musical are Judy
Van Wambeke and Paul Bierhaus.
The supporting cast is composed
of/ Duane Gibson, Marilyn Fahs,
Gene Selander, Bill Carlson, Don
Moore and Judy Lindaman.
The Prudential building is lo-cated
at 3701 Wayzata, and maps
showing the exact location will
be distributed.
Tickets are on sale in the coffee
shop and are priced at $1. per
the CLARION Volume XXXIX—No. 9
Bethel College and Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. Tuesday, November 13, 1962
Three-act Musical Hi
Nik Dag Program on
NAE Conference To Stress
Careers in Public Service
Symphony Women Sponsor
Annual Artists' Competition
Page 2
the CLARION Tuesday, November 13, 1962
Responsibility Determines
Chapel Attendance Policy
In its policy concerning chapel attendance, Bethel college
stands somewhat apart from other evangelical institutions of
higher education in not making such action compulsory, and
this is one area of which the student body can be sincerely
It is encouraging to be able to attend such services free
from the psychologically depressing thought that it is the same
as another required class period and to find that the atmos-phere
of worship is not violated by a staff of workers busily
checking seat numbers to determine who has escaped.
Under such an arrangement, responsibility is placed with
the integrity of the student, who must ultimately make the
final decision of whether or not to attend. No one is naive
enough to demand one hundred per cent compliance with
such a ruling, and at this point the student must be left to
determine the legitimacy of his own non-attendance.
Student cooperation with the policy this year has been
fairly commendatory. Admittance to the college implies basic
agreement with its procedures, and since the value of this per-:
iod of general reflection is almost unanimously conceded, stu-dents
must share the responsibility for attendance whenever
On our campus, the chapel hour is used for two inter-related
purposes. The first, and most obvious, is to provide
a specific time during the day in which the student can seek
a personal confrontation with God through the act of corporate
worship. The other occurs when the hour is devoted to special
convocation programs where the student is challenged to re-late
his Christian experience with contemporary culture.
A minor change in the current situation might be war-ranted
in that when encountering such a flexible program, one
would request that a schedule of chapel speakers be issued
weekly to enable the student to prepare for the type of pre-sentation
which he is to meet.
itt burp pour by Phil Larson
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CAM.... AND WHERE b TIKY
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Kennedy's Cuban Action Tests
Christian Ethical Justification
by Paul Carlson
A responsible Christian recog-nizes
his obligation to, justify every
act he commits. Ideally, he
thoughtfully tests his operating as-sumptions
to see whether the ac-tions
they dictate deserve the
blessings of God.
In recent years, no greater test
of his ability to find divine sup-port
for his social ideals has risen
than in the problem of whether
or not President Kennedy was
right in the eyes of God as he
moved in the Cuban affair three
weeks ago.
Three ominous rationalizations
have appeared to cloud the issue
of Christian justification in this
particular issue.
The first is the statement that
the President had to move in order
to gain the respect of the world to
get the Soviets to leave Cuba and
to halt the onslaught of Commun-ism
in the western world. This
statement is irrelevant to the issue
of moral justification.
Its assertions come under the
headings of political and military
necessity. Although Christians may
disagree with the manner in which
Communists behave, the manner
in which we disagree is under the
scrutiny of God.
A second argument contends
that the Soviets always back
and the Bodien dormitory base-ment—
afford shelter possibilities.
Of these, Mr. Glader feels the col-lege
basement (post office and
coffee shop level) is most suitable
for shelter revision. With the in-stallation
of a ventilating system
and generating plant, shelter ca-pacity
in the college building would
approximate 160 persons at a cost
of about $1600.
"I BELIEVE the Bodien dormi-tory
basement could also afford
good shelter for a large number
of students," he states, "but this
would necessitate extensive modi-down
in the face of determined
military opposition. This claim
also lacks relevance to Christ's
It errs in asserting that the end
justifies the means, a doctrine we
have found most distasteful in the
ideology of Communism. For the
Christian, the means are an end.
Third and concommitant with
the first fallacy is the exclama-tion,
"It worked!" Hindsight does
not change the morality of a past
action. If one concludes that the
President was guilty of insensi-tivity
to God's will three weeks
ago, he is guilty today, regardless
of the apparent consequences poli-tically
and militarily.
If digression is permissable, a
few thoughts on optimism in . the
Dear Editor:
Several comments in the CLAR-ION
this year illustrate the peren-nial
tensions between the broaden-ing
experience of the liberal arts
and the exclusiveness which must
fication and expense, depending on
administrative decisions."
With limited available space and
a large student body, the commit-tee
recognizes the impossibility of
providing maximum protection
during a disaster. It feels, how-ever,
that insofar as it is finan-cially
and materially possible,
Bethel should make shelter pro-vision.
Militarily, the shelters are in-tended
as protection from "fall-out"
rather than from a direct
blast; they could also be valuable
in case of fire, flood, or other nat-ural
"OUR PRIMARY desire," says
Mr. Glader, "is to create an aware-ness
of our program on campus.
We have recommended that college
and seminary personnel be edu-cated
with reference to the real
possibility of war, the goals of
communism, personal survival pro-cedures,
and Bethel's immediate
civil defense plans."
The committee hopes to hold a
civil defense convocation and in-itiate
distribution of pertinent
survival literature, much of which
is available locally. "We may also
advocate the construction of shel-ter
areas as part of buildings plans
for the new campus."
With administrative approval,
the presidents of the Edgren and
Bodien dormitories will be added
as student committee members,
providing a direct communications
line from local CD headquarters
to on-campus students and staff.
Such a direct line could save time
and conceivably lives in the event
of disaster.
"We realize," concluded chair-man
Glader, "that we're not ade-quately
equipped for any large-scale
shelter provision. But our
limited ability does not limit our
responsibility to prepare where we
are able. We take pride in being
one of a few Minnesota schools
with an active concern for civil
defense preparedness."
face of an ostensibly futile world
situation are I think apropos.
The Chinese-Indian war has forc-ed
Nehru and his people to ex-purgate
the strong Communistic
ideals that had in recent years tied
them to the Kremlin. Meanwhile,
the Soviet Union, while supplying
some weapons to Nehru, has half-heartedly
committed itself to the
It seems likely that this is a last
feeble attempt to gain the confi-dence
of Mao and the other radi-cal
The chance that the Soviet Un-ion
will itself take part in this
activity, thus pressuring the Uni-ted
States and insuring eternal
emnity with Nehru, are slim. Once
again Khrushchev is forced to use
rational tactics instead of militant
Marxism of the Chinese variety.
at some point characterize the
I feel I must respond to what
appears to me to be the endorse-ment
of certain activities which,
while not out of keeping with the
concept of liberal arts education,
become questionable to one who is
concerned to add to all of his ex-perience
the dimension of his
Christian faith.
MY CONCERN lies at the point
of student leadership which in
many instances feels that its con-tribution
to the liberal arts is best
realized by viewing activities from
a kind of amoral perspective,__ the
value of these activities lying not
in their moral and spiritual dimen-sion,
but in their value as a broad-ening
A case in point in the reply
given by the CLARION editor to
a concerned student who, in
questioning a social which in-cluded
popular music of ques-tionable
quality, asks, "Is this
necessary on a Christian cam-pus?"
Part of the reply was the ques-tion,
"does one individual have the
right to expect others to be limited
by his personal values?" At this
(cont'd. on p. 3)
Tita Wee# .
Nov. 13
7-8 p.m. Missions program. College audi-torium.
8:15 p.m. Senate meeting. Faculty lounge.
Nov. 14
5:15-6:30 p.m. "Meals for Millions." Din-ing
7-8 p.m. Missions program. College audi-torium.
Nov. 15
1 p.m. Press conference with Dr. Clyde
Taylor. College auditorium.
7-8 p.m. Missions program. College audi-torium.
Nov. 16
7-8 p.m. All-campus missions rally. Field-house.
Nov. 17
9 p.m. Nik Dag program. Prudential build-ing.
Nov. 19
6:30 p.m. College choir supper meeting.
President's dining room.
7:30 p.m. Music recital. College auditorium.
the CLARION
Published weekly during the academic year,
except during vacation and examination
periods, by the students of Bethel college
and seminary, St. Paul 1, Minn. Subscrip-tion
rate $3 per year.
Volume XXXIX
No. 9
Editor-in-Chief Dean Dahlquist
Associate Editor Dave Johnson
News Editor Judy Dow
Feature Editor Karen Nelson
Sports Editor Bob Beckstrom
Copy Editor June Erickson
Photo Editor Elizabeth Carlson
Business Manager Bob Larson
Advertising Manager... Marcia Daniels
Office Manager JJu dy Van Wambeke
Circulation Manager .... Lynne Demeter
Advisor Edward Avey
by Nancy Applequist
Students wandering through the
college building's sub-basement
this week have likely been con-fronted
with an oddly-shaped ply-wood
container affixed to the west
Mr. Gene Glader, physical educa-tion
instructor and Civil Defense
committee chairman, explains the
box and its contents:
"BETHEL'S SUB-basement level
was given a top shelter rating by
the local Civil Defense office, en-titling
us to survival supplies for
as many people as our shelter area
can accommodate. We have stored
these supplies—medical and radio-logical
kits, food, sanitation equip-ment—
in this area where they will
be accessible when needed."
Mr. Glader's committee, composed
of Robert Glaser and Eunice Peter-son,
was created last year to for-mulate
a civil defense policy for
the college. Bethel's buildings were
rated as to shelter suitability by
the local CD offices and modifica-tion
of available areas was con-sidered.
Besides the sub-basement, three
other areas—the college basement,
Edgren dormitory's handball court
Be Prepared!!
CD Committee Formulates Campus Defense Policy
Letters to the Editor:
Students Express Concern
With Campus Programming
Tuesday, November 13, 1962
the CLARION
Page 3
prints on display in the basement of the seminary
building. Interested in many things, he works with
teacher at the University of Minnesota, has several birds, animals, medieval themes and jazz.
Meyers Indicts Commercial Galleries
For Ignoring Intellectual Aspect of Art
Malcolm Meyers, a renowned artist and art
: Guilbcraft
fashion-styled frame.:
worn by
the ladies
they want
to admire.
phone Fe 2-5681
719 Nicollet Ave.—Mpls.
(302 Wilmac Building)
As A College
You can own
program today
Rep. of Central
Life Assurance Co.
Frank Fashner MI 6-2501
assoc. with Strommen Agency
Ladies Hair Cutting
by Edwin
for appointment call
For the Finest in
Hair Shaping
Falcon Hairdressing Studio
1548 W. Larpenteur
6:00 Youth Time
7:00 Gospel Hour
9:45 Bible School
I 1:00 Worship
5840 North Humboldt
Minneapolis 12, Minn.
John L. Breitholtz, pastor—Cornell Hann, ass't. pastor
A Warm Welcome To All Students!
Five Minutes from Bethel to
eacia,tey Vaizeide &tate%
2120 Lexington Avenue North, Near Co. Rd. B
9:30 a.m. College Class
10:45 a.m. Morning Worship
7:00 p.m. Evening Service
8:15 p.m. College Fellowship
Bus leaves Bodien at 9:15 and 6:45
Robert Frykholm, Pastor Paul Evan, Assistant
North St. Paul Baptist Church
2240 E. 15th Ave. — Hwy. 36
Sunday School 9 :45 Evening Worship 7:00
Morning Worship 11 :00 College Bible Class
can do something and sign your
name to it . . . and it is a chance
to contribute to people all over
the world and to generations to
"There are many rewards, but
money isn't one of them. I'll tell
you that. Marry a rich woman," is
Mr. Meyers' suggestion for aspir-ing
Mr. Meyers' prints on display
here are availables for prices rang-ing
from $60 to $225.
Hamline and Hoyt Mi 6-9272
Brake and Mechanical Work
Towing Service
oobbate jOetpti5t eburrb
7101 Nicollet Avenue Minneapolis
Worship Service 11:00 a.m.
College Youth Bible Class 9:45 a.m.
Evening Worship Service 7:30 p.m.
Transportation provided upon request; call UN 9-3037
Peter D. Unruh, Richard B. Wiens,
pastor ass't.
Vedafte, Eafteat &wee%
2025 W. Skillman St. Paul
Sunday School — 9:45 a.m.
College Age Class
Morning Worship — 11:00 a.m.
Evening Service 7:00 p.m.
College - Age Fellowship after
the Evening Service
Albert Windham Vic Winquist
pastor youth pastor
(Bus leaves Bethel at 9:30 a.m. and 6:30 p.m.)
Swanson's Paint & Wallpaper
Midway — 512 No. Snelling Ave. MI 6-7178
Eastside 853 Payne Ave. PR 1 -5121
Artist's Supplies, Sign Writer's Material
" Zeaterty SeAvece jen Ocielt 70 esevtd"
(cont'd. from p. 2)
point I must ask, to whose values
does this refer?
IS IT to those of the students
which resulted in his choice of a
Christian campus? or to those of
the senate members who have
judged it to be a good Christian
liberal arts experience to be ex-posed
to this type of music?
Similar comments may be
made concerning the editorial
remarks about the homecoming
musical program. The program
involving music, much of which
is mediocre at best, is then prais-ed
as hopefully being "indica-tive
of the broadening of the
Bethel students," and "refresh-ing
to observe."
It is difficult to reconcile thi.
with a serious attempt to relate
all experiences to one's Christian
IF A program is planned with
specific attention given to exclud-ing
the devotional emphasis, then
could not more careful attention
be given so that the program would
be the highest secular level pos-sible,
as it seems to me that most
quality, non-sacred music is not
without intellectual and spiritual
Finally, in the same editorial,
reference is made to previously
unpublicized administrative pres-sure
applied "for reasons which
can only be termed embarrass-ing
in view of the ideals of a
liberal arts college."
Who, may I ask, is to be embar-rassed
at this point? The college,
in the eyes of the alumni and con-stituency?
the administration? or
the student whose lack of discern-ment
forced the administration to
take exception to their traditional
non-intervention policy and pre-vent
this which apparently was out
of keeping with a Christian liberal
arts campus?
The liberal arts education at
Bethel is defined in the catalogue
as an attempt "to bring a student
to know himself, to understand
the world and society in which he
lives, to exercise critical judg-ment,
to be intellectually alert, to
work effectively with other peo-ple,"
while allowing our Christian
faith to be the guiding principle
throughout the program.
It is greatly disappointing to me
that the absence of devotional em-phasis
in a program, the presence
of secular music of questionable
quality, and the lack of critical
judgment by some supposed stu-dent
leaders are lauded as signs
of progress at Bethel.
Lee Eliason
Dear Editor:
It is ironic that this week of
mission-emphasis will be climaxed
by Nik Dag. I'm sure that we will
be challenged to again stare at
the millions going to hell.
We will be reminded of the scar-city
of workers and money; then
to climax the whole show we will
have one of the most expensive
nights of the year. "But it's our
only chance and I've been saving
all year. Anyway, we have to be
well-rounded and have our social
I wonder what Bethel's box-score
will be for the weekend; how
much blood will be upon our
hands? I wonder what the ratio
will be between the Monday mis-sionary
offering and the Saturday
night offering to self.
Don Wright
by Karen Nelson
Now on display in the seminary
basement are several prints by
artist Malcolm Meyers. Mr. Meyers,
art teacher at the University of
Minnesota, discussed his work with
Bethel's matrix class last Monday
The artist was very modest in
spite of the fact that his work ap-pears
in most of the leading mu-seums
in this country and several
abroad. He introduced his very in-formal
lecture by admitting that
"I can't say how I feel about art
or aesthetics, because when you're
talking about something you're so
close to, what can you say?"
For each of his prints Mr.
Meyers uses two or three copper
plates. As for subject matter, he
indicated that he is "very fond
of birds, animals and nature, so
I use them in my work." He
often works with medieval
themes. Jazz, another of his in-terests,
appears as subject mat-ter
of his art.
Mr. Meyers seldom pre-plans or
sketches a drawing before he be-gins,
explaining, "the enjoyment is
lost if I do that." He believes that
a very flexible start, or the "con-temporary
way of working," char-acteristic
of the New York school,
"is a good way .. . it has opened
Letters to the Editor:
Students Express Concern
With Campus Programmin
up our mind and made more things
However, he has swung away
from abstract expression in the last
few years because "it is getting
hard to make an original state-ment
in it." A criticism he had to
make about the New York school
was that he felt it often divorced
the intellectual aspect from art.
He also criticized the New
York galleries for being too com-mercial
and then indicated that
this was a fault he often found
in students. "They sell a paint-ing
for $15 or $20 and then lose
their sense of values about art
Why be an artist? Mr. Meyers
has several answers: "It's one of
the few professions left where you
Bethel students are always welcome
Minnesota Baptist Conference
Extension Churches
John H. Bergeson
For information call
MI 4-9622 (Res. HU 9-1445 )
by Bill Carlson
Bethel's football team climaxed
its best season in history with a
21-19 victory over the University
of Minnesota at Morris last Satur-day.
The Royals finished with a
seven and one record.
With Bethel behind 19-14 half-way
through the last quarter, Dave
Norman set up the winning touch-down
by blocking a Morris punt.
Dave Cox scored from the one-yard
line on a quarterback sneak
after a 62-yard drive. Don Peter-son
kicked the extra point, and
Bethel kept its lead.
Early in the second quarter
Cox tossed a six-yard pass to
Peterson in the end zone, cli-maxing
an 88-yard march. Peter-son
booted the extra point and
Bethel was ahead 7-0.
Morris struck back as Stuart
Starner plunged into the end zone
from the one after an 88-yard
(Photo by Starr)
Bethel's seventh victory was over the University of Minnesota
at Morris, Minn., ending the successful season with only one loss. Sam
Minturn jumps to avoid fallen ball-carrier Larry Stair.
Intramural Basketball Begins,
Seminarians, Squires Win Easily
Two powerhouses of the intra-mural
league, the Seminarians and
the Dukes, were both victors in
the first week of intramural bas-ketball
Led by Les Swanson and Howie
Rekstad, who scored 31 and 22
respectively, the Seminarians beat
the Counts 90-52. Ken Gowdy add-ed
19 points to the Seminarian's
total. Paul Wicklund and Bill Carl-son
scored 17 and 13 for the
In the closest game of the even-ing
the Dukes slipped past the Jes-ters
60-57. The three big men for
the Dukes, John Holmberg, Don
Moore and George Palke, scored
17, 12 and 12. Lyle Anderson with
18 and Don McKelvy with 16 paced
the Jesters.
Finding the formula for basket-ball
a little different from the one
they used to win the football
championship, the Knights were
beaten 79-33 by the Squires. Dan
Travaille scored 26 for the win-ners,
assisted by Curt Hallstrom
with 15 and Don Land with 14.
Dick Thompson with 11 and Monte
Hansen with 10 topped the
Gene Buhler, Denny Port and
Paul Wedeking scored 26, 12 and
10 respectively to lead the Pea-sants
past the Barons 64-32. Tim
Sward scored 10 and was the only
Baron in double figures.
Thursday night the Pages de-feated
the Faculty by forfeit.
This week games are being play-ed
at 8:30 p.m. today and tomor-row
because of Missions week ser-vices.
is ark jgapti5t ebtirtb
Forty-first and Vernon — St. Louis Park
Sunday School — 9:45 a.m.
Morning Worship — 11:00 a.m.
Evening Service — 7:00 p.m.
Rev. Ralph Brunko, pastor
drive, but a penalty nullified the
extra point to make the score 7-6.
Bob Smith fumbled the kickoff
return, and Morris recovered the
ball on Bethel's 27 yard line.
Starner scored from the six and
Dennis Malherek kicked the extra
point to put Morris ahead 13-7.
Peterson caught a 12-yard Cox
pass and kicked the extra point
to put Bethel in the lead 14-13
at halftime.
Midway through the third quar-ter
Morris recovered a Larry Stair
fumble. Starner threw a four-yard
pass to Bob Henrick to put Morris
ahead 19-13. An attempted two-point
conversion failed.
Peterson, Cox and freshman full-back
Sam Minturn were Bethel's
offensive standouts. Peterson
caught six passes for 54 yards and
two touchdowns besides kicking
the winning extra points. Minturn
gained 73 yards rushing.
Cox, playing his last college
football game, completed nine
passes, two for touchdowns, and
rushed for 45 yards, including a
one-yard touchdown sneak.
Norman, Vince Bloom, Jack Buss,
Ken Guerke, Dick Putnam and
Gene Selander were all defensive
standouts. Besides blocking a punt
Yds. rushing
Yds. passing
Total offense
Rushing plays
Total plays
First downs
Had intercepted
Recovered by opponents
U of MM
to set up the winning touchdown.
Norman led the team in tackles.
Bethel's defense held Morris to
only 32 yards rushing the entire
second half.
e4eatakit Baptist eit.4.4
5501 Chicago Avenue South, Minneapolis
Sunday School 9:30 Morning Service 10:45
C.Y.F. 5:45 Evening Service 7:00
Rev. Ellis Eklof, Jr., Pastor
Cox summarized the season by
saying, "It's been a great year
with a wonderful bunch of guys,
a unit that never fell apart."
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Page 4 the CLARION Tuesday, November 13, 1962
by Bob Beckstrom
"This year has shown me the importance of good coaching on a
football team," commented senior Bob Smith. In reflecting on the
team's winning season he pointed out that an outstanding coaching
staff has made the difference in a lot of the games during this campaign.
Indicative of the fine job done by Bethel's coaching staff have been
head coach Owen Halleen's scouting reports on Northland and Wahpeton.
Said co-capain Jim Nelson, "Coach's scouting report on Northland was
as responsible for the win as anything else.
We knew what they would do, and we just
waited for them." Smith also added that
the half-time changes Halleen made in the
team's strategy helped them in several
Halleen has been as pleased with
his team as they have been with him.
He had to admit that before football
camp, faced with a tough schedule and
having lost thirty men from last year's
squad, he never expected a season like
"But during football camp we started
to see the intensity and willingness that
have marked this squad all year long. There
were few men, but they were willing. We
also had veterans at most positions.
"New students helped in areas where
we were weak. That this team should win
more games than other teams in the past
is only just--they have made more of an
Halleen effort." Thus Halleen was able to predict
at the beginning of the season that this would be "one of Bethel's finest
football teams."
After seeing the team the first week, the coaching staff had
good reason for optimism. "At the end of camp we saw what we
had and felt it would be tough on us if we had to lose with these
Halleen has many sources to which he may attribue the winning
season, not the least of which was the consistent, steady contribution
of the players who did not play as much as others, but still took the
knocks and put out an extra effort.
He named Art Dykstra, Jim Steinhaus, Chuck Taylor, Ron Duenow,
Jim Friberg, Dick Lawrence and Dick Fredrickson as men to look for
next year. "They contributed greatly to the winning effort this year.
Without them we wouldn't have won."
Appreciating the good job done by the cheerleaders and racket
squad, Halleen' also expressed thanks for all the fans who attended the
games. "We are glad for the interest the fans have shown and we are
glad we have given them enjoyment."
Assistant coaches Phil Carlson, Paul Evan and Ray Shepherd also
drew praise from Halleen, as well as the outstanding job done by co-captains
Jerry Oas and Jim Nelson. Halleen is already looking forward
to next year. "We will be taking a nine-month break now, but we will
be back next year to preserve our winning streak. Dave Cox and Bob
Smith will be tough to replace."
Bethel Edges Morris 21-19,
Earns Best Season Record
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Kilauea Crater Moon — 18x24 canvas print in rustic frame
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Kilauea Crater Moon — 18x24 canvas print in rustic frame
Our high quality photo paper has a woven coating that simulates canvas yet produces sharp, rich images with texture and dimension.
Our rustic wood grain frames are a great compliment to our work. Made from Bonanzawood, an eco-friendly solid material, and has a very smooth wrapped laminate finish equal-to or better than most stained wood finishes.
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Want to buy this image but in a different size, finish, mounting or frame? Click on the link above and it will take you to the gallery. See all the available options by clicking the Buy button.


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Um Inhalte, die unter das Jugendschutz-Gesetz fallen, zu sehen, bestätige bitte, dass Du das 18. Lebensjahr vollendet hast.
Serge Vandenberghe
Serge Vandenberghe, French-speaking Belgian by birth, has been living in Ireland since 1992 and is a self-taught artist.
He started painting in 1989, after 10 years of political activism in the European peace movement, and hasn't stopped since.
Over these 20 years he has constantly worked in two different directions, focusing on one strand one year, on the other the next:
Representational: As a Belgian, Serge has been greatly influenced by surrealists. After long abstract spells he regularly goes back to the representation of more realistic worlds, where wide-open spaces form a perfect background to visual surrealist poetry.
Abstract and geometrical: Serge has moved on from the fluidity and brightness of the silk painting to geometrical works where perspectives are expanded and distorted to create surprising optical illusions. "A successful series of visually questioning yet playful geometric-centric large-scale canvases" (Dawn Williams, Curator, Crawford Art Gallery)
About > Activities
KU'GELN und REGENSCHIRME
- programmiert -
Wie's geht? Schau auf meine Website:
Weitere Bilder:
Viel Spaß!


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Back To School! 20 Great Recipes for the Lunchbox
What's for lunch this week? As we all reluctantly march back from vacation and return to school and work, we thought it was time for a little lunchbox inspiration! Here are 20 recipes to help jumpstart your lunch-packing routine.
What sounds good this week? Stuffed hot calzone pockets? Or some crisp tuna-cabbage salad? And to finish up maybe a chewy, sweet peanut butter oatmeal monster cookie? Read on for these and more!
• 1 Farmer's Lunch Sandwich
• 2 Apple-Arugula Salad Wraps
• 3 Chickpea of the Sea
• 4 Cuban Sandwich
• 5 How to Make Calzones (And Freeze Them for Later!)
• 6 BBQ Cabbage and Sausage Stuffed Sandwiches
• 7 Peppery Whole Wheat Pasta with Wilted Chard
• 8 Cauliflower and Chicken Sausage Casserole
• 9 Crisp Tuna-Cabbage Salad
• 10 Warm Chickpea Salad with Cumin and Garlic
• 11 Barbecue Chicken and Macaroni Salad
• 12 Warm Farro Salad with Roasted Vegetables and Fontina
• 13 Veggies Stored In Dip
• 14 Homemade Cheese Crackers
• 15 DIY Potato Chips...in the Microwave
• 16 Make Your Own Fruit-on-the-Bottom Yogurt Cups
• 17 Peanut Butter Oatmeal Monster Cookies
• 18 Life-Changing Vegan Thumbprints
• 19 How To Make Halfway Cookies
• 20 Chewy, Sweet and Salty Ritz Cracker Cookies
What are you packing in your lunchbox this week? Trying anything new?
Related: 5 Quick and Delicious Lunches Under 400 Calories
(Images: See linked recipes for full image credits)