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Secondary education differs around the world.
Secondary education by countryEdit
- Main article: Education in Argentina
The school system is free and mandatory.
- Main article: Education in Australia
Each State and Territories has its own format of Year 12 Matriculation:
- Australian Capital Territory: ACT Year 12 Certificate
- South Australia: South Australian Matriculation / South Australian Certificate of Education (SAM/SACE)
- Northern Territories: Senior Secondary Studies Certificate / Northern Territory Certificate of Education (NTCE)
- Queensland: Queensland Certificate of Education (QCE)
- New South Wales: Higher School Certificate (HSC)
- Tasmania: Tasmanian Certificate of Education (TCE)
- Victoria: Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE)
- Western Australia: Certificate of Secondary Education / Australian Matriculation (AUSMAT)
- Main article: Education in Brazil
In Brazil, high school is officially called Ensino Médio (formerly Segundo Grau) and is also informally known as colegial. It is the last phase to basic education. Brazilian high school lasts 3 years, attempting to deepen what students have learned in the Ensino Fundamental. Brazilian high school students are referenced by their year – 1st, 2nd and 3rd years.
Unlike other countries, Brazilian students don't have a final test to conclude studies. Their approval depends only on their final grade on each subject. Each university elaborates its own test to select new students – this test, the vestibular, generally happens once a year. Enem, a non-mandatory national exam, evaluates high school students in Brazil and is used to rank both private and public schools.
The best scores in vestibular and in Enem [1] and the best universities are concentrated on the Southern region of the country, mainly in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, and in the Federal District. The lack of funds and historical and social problems contribute to poor attendance from the students, especially those in public schools. Nevertheless, some are national models, such as the Colégio Pedro II, named after the 19th century emperor.
Private establishments, on the other hand, may be recognized as academically excellent or merely as investments in social networking. Schedules vary from school to school. The subjects taught, however, are conceived by the Ministério da Educação (Ministry of Education) which emphasises the hard sciences.
The educational year begins in February and finishes in December; institutions are permitted to define their own actual start and end dates. They must, however, provide at least 200 days of classes per year.
Universities are also divided into public and private. At this level, public ones are considered excellent and their vestibular exam is highly competitive (the exam for med school in UNICAMP may hit 300 candidates per place). For better preparation, therefore, many students take a curso pré-vestibular (university preparation course), which is offered by large private high schools.
Czech RepublicEdit
- Main article: Education in the Czech Republic
The Czech school system is, due to historic reasons, almost the same as the German school system. The school system is free and mandatory to age 16. After the Základní škola (Elementary School) in age of 16 , students are directed to three different optional secondary education schools:
- Střední odborné učiliště (SOU) - designed for students going into a trade (e.g., carpentry, masonry, auto-mechanic etc.) Education is 3 years long and entrance exam free, combined with practice(one week study in school/one week practice in factory, bakery,building site... etc.), finished with a certificate.
- Střední odborná škola (SOŠ) - designed for students going into a profession (accountant, technician, kindergarten teacher..) and finishes with maturita as exit exam. The leaving exam consist of 2 compulsory and 2 optional subjects. Compulsory subjects are Czech language and World Literature and one other language. Optional ones depend on the type of school (mathematics, physics, accounting, etc.) The study is 4 years long and you need to pass an entrance exam (Czech Language and Mathematics or Physics, varies with the type of school)
- Gymnasium (Gym) - designed for students going to university/college and finishes with a maturita exam. Also with two mandatory subjects Czech language and World Literature and one other language. Optional subjects vary, usually between humanistic and science. The study is 4, 6 or 8 years long. In case of 6 (8) years one, the pupils finish elementary school two (four) years earlier and this two (four) years has harder studying programme on Gymnasium. There are also entry exams to all these programmes.
The maturita is required for study in University. The Abitur from Gymnasium is better for Humanistic pointed University and SOŠ Abitur is better for Technical pointed university.
Denmark Edit
- Main article: Education in Denmark
In Denmark it is mandatory to be in school until the 9th year of school education, but a majority of pupils between ages 16 to 18 or 19 usually go through the "Gymnasium", which is University-preparatory. The starting age for compulsory school education is 6 or 7 years old, with an optional pre-school year which nearly every child attends.
- Main article: Education in Finland
The Finnish education system is a comparatively egalitarian Nordic system. This means for example no tuition fees for full-time students and free meals are served to pupils. There are private schools but they are made unattractive by legislation.
The second level education is not compulsory, but an overwhelming majority attends. There is a choice between upper secondary school (lukio, gymnasium) and vocational school (ammatillinen oppilaitos, yrkesinstitut). Graduates of both upper secondary school and vocational school can apply to study in further education (University and Polytechnics).
Upper secondary school, unlike vocational school, concludes with a nationally graded matriculation examination (ylioppilastutkinto, studentexamen). Passing the test is a de facto prerequisite for further education. The system is designed so that approximately the lowest scoring 5% fails and also 5% get the best grade. The exam allows for a limited degree of specialization in either natural sciences or social sciences. The graduation is an important and formal family event, like christening, wedding, and funeral.
In the OECD's international assessment of student performance, PISA, Finland has consistently been among the highest scorers worldwide; in 2003, Finnish 15-year-olds came first in reading literacy, science, and mathematics; and second in problem solving, worldwide. The World Economic Forum ranks Finland's tertiary education #1 in the world.[2]
- Main article: Education in Germany
The German school system is free and mandatory to age 18. After the Grundschule (Elementary School, 4-6 years), students are suggested to four different secondary education schools, on which they have the final say about; a fourth type is accompanying an apprenticeship students have to decide on if they haven't reached the age of 18 (usually when having decided for Hauptschule or Realschule, previously):
- Hauptschule - designed for students going into a trade (e.g., carpentry, masonry, etc.) and is finished at the 9th or 10th class.
- Realschule - designed for students going into a profession and is finished at the 10th class.
- Berufsschule - designed for accompanying an apprenticeship after Haupt- or Realschule; mandatory to age 18.
- Gymnasium - designed for students going to university/college and finishes at the 12th (G8) or 13th (G9) class.
- Gesamtschule (comprehensive school, could be compared to american Highschools)
There also is the Förderschule or Sonderschule which serves students with special needs.
Hong KongEdit
- Main article: Education in Hong Kong#Secondary education
secondary school (中學, Cantonese:ʤəʊŋ1 hɔk6), college (書院)
Secondary education in Hong Kong is largely based on the British education system. Secondary school starts in the seventh year, or Form One, of formal education, after Primary Six. Students normally spend five years in secondary schools, of which the first three years (Forms One to Three) are compulsory like primary education. Forms Four and Five students prepare for the Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE), which takes place after Form Five. Students obtaining a satisfactory grade will be promoted to Form Six. They then prepare for the Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE) (colloquially the A-levels), which is to be taken after Form Seven. The HKALE and HKCEE results will be considered by universities for admission. Some secondary schools in Hong Kong are called 'colleges'. In some schools, Form Six and Form Seven are also called Lower Six and Upper Six respectively.
The HKCEE is equivalent to the British GCSE and HKALE is equivalent to the British A-level.
As of October 2004, there has been heated discussion on proposed changes in the education system, which includes (amongst others) reduction of the duration of secondary education from seven years to six years, and merging the two exams HKCEE and HKALE into one exam. The proposed changes will take effect in 2010.
- Main article: Education in India
In India, high school is a grade of education from Standards IX to XII. Standards XI and XII are also called Higher Secondary School, Senior Secondary School or Junior College. Usually, students from ages 14 to 18 study in this section. These schools may be affiliated to national boards like CBSE ICSE or various state boards. Education is compulsory until age 14. Most Schools are stand alone units except a few like the Delhi Public School Society which has 125 schools across the country. Most schools are day schools in major cities however, there are some popular residential schools such as the St. George's College, Doon school, Scindia school, Mayo college girls' school etc.
- Main article: Education in Iraq
- Secondary Education in Iraq comprises TWO stages, each ending in Baccalaureate Examination
- Intermediate three years
- Preparatory three years.
- No student is admitted to college in Iraq before passing the Baccalaureate Examination held by this Ministry for Preparatory Schools.
- The maximum obtainable mark is 100, the minimum passing mark is 50.
- Main article: Education in Malaysia
Secondary education, like primary education is now compulsory in Malaysia. Primary schools run from Year 1 to Year 6 (also known as Standard 1 to 6, for children aged 6+ to 12+), at the end of which they sit for the UPSR (Ujian Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah or Primary School Assessment Examination). Secondary schools run for seven years, known as Forms 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Lower 6 and Upper 6. Not all schools offer all forms. Many secondary schools stop at Form 5. Forms 1 to 3 are known as the lower secondary level and at the end of Form 3, pupils sit for the PMR (Penilaian Menengah Rendah or Lower Secondary Assessment) examination. This replaced the SRP (Sijil Rendah Pelajaran) or LCE (Lower Certificate of Education) where a pass was required for promotion to Form 4. At the end of Form 5, pupils sit for the SPM (Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia or MCE Malaysia Certificate of Education), equivalent to the O-Level examination. (The label is based on the old British examination known as the 'School Certificate' examination.) At the end of Upper 6, pupils sit for the STPM (Sijil Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia, formerly HSC Higher School Certificate). (The label is based on the old British examination, the 'Higher School Certificate', and this name is still used in Australia.) Automatic promotion up to Form 5 has been in place since 1996.
- Main article: Education in Mexico
Lower-secondary education (3 years) is considered part of basic education in Mexico and is compulsory. For entry, students are required to have successfully completed six years of primary education. The next stage, Upper-Secondary Education is non-compulsory and has three pathways: General upper-secondary, Technical professional education, and Technological upper-secondary.[3]
- Main article: Education in the Netherlands
In The Netherlands, high school is called middelbare school (literally: "medium school") and starts right after the 6th grade of primary school (group 8). The pupils who attend high school are around the age of 12. Because education in the Netherlands is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16 (and partially compulsory between the ages of 16 and 18), all pupils must attend high school.
The high schools are part of the voortgezet onderwijs (literally: "continued education"). The voortgezet onderwijs consist of 3 main streams: VMBO, which has 4 grades; HAVO, which has 5 grades; and VWO, which has 6 grades. Recommendation for a particular stream is done by means of a test (CITO) and the advice of the grade 6 teacher. The final choice for a stream remains with the pupil and his/her parents. It is possible to switch between streams and a pupil can also do HAVO after he/she has completed VMBO. The same is true for a pupil who wants to follow VWO education after having completed HAVO.
New Zealand Edit
- Main article: Secondary education in New Zealand
In New Zealand students attend secondary school from the ages from about 13 to 18. Formerly known as Forms 3 to 7, these grades are now known as Years 9 to 13. Schooling is compulsory until the student's 15th (with permission) or 16th birthday. In some areas of the country, secondary school is colloquially known as "college". NCEA is the Government-supported school qualification. New Zealand also has intermediate schools, but these cover the last two years of primary education (years 7 and 8) and are not secondary schools. New Zealand also sends aliens off to receive education in some other country.
- Main article: Education in Pakistan
Secondary school in Pakistan begins from grade 9 and lasts for four years. Upon completion of grade 10, students are expected to take a standardised test administered by a regional 'Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education'. Upon successful completion of this examination, they are awarded a 'Secondary School Certificate' or SSC. This used to be called matriculation certificate or matric for short. Students then enter a college and complete grades 11 and 12. Upon completion of grade 12, they again take a standardised test which is also administered by the regional boards. Upon successful completion of this test, students are awarded the 'Higher Secondary School Certificate' or HSSC. This used to be called the F.Sc./F.A. or 'intermediate'. There are many streams students can choose for their 11 and 12 grades, such as pre-medical, pre-engineering, humanities, social sciences, business, and theology. Some technical streams have recently been introduced for grades 11 and 12. It is important to note that the two subjects 'Pakistan Studies' and 'Islamic Studies' or Islamiyat are compulsory and taught at every level. also has something to do with A levels and O levels However, currently there has been an increasing trend in children from affluent families obtaining O/A Level qualifiactions based on the British system. These qualifications are coming to be more respected socially and in terms of job employment.
- Main article: Education in Portugal
In Portuguese, the word for high school used to be liceu, it was now recently replaced for Escola Secundária (secondary school which includes 7th to 9th grade) and covers grades 10th to 12th. After completing High School students may choose to go to Universidade (University) or Instuto Politécnico (Polytechnic Institute). Also, students may choose to pursue an artistic career, in such case they may audition to the National Conservatory or one of Portugal's Art Schools. The portuguese government is currently considering the extension of the Compulsory Education to the 12th grade, instead of the 9th. In High School, student can only move on to the next grade if they pass with a satisfactory CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average).
Republic of IrelandEdit
- Main article: Education in the Republic of Ireland
In the Republic of Ireland secondary school starts at the age of 12, and lasts three or optionally five or six years. The main types of secondary school are: community schools, comprehensive schools, colleges (though this term is more usually applied to third-level institutions like universities), vocational schools, voluntary secondary schools and meánscoileanna (secondary schools that teach all subjects through Irish). After three years (age 14-16), every student takes a compulsory state exam known as the Junior Certificate. Typically a student will sit exams in 9 to 11 subjects; English (L1), Irish (L2) and Mathematics are compulsory.
After completing the Junior Certificate, a student may continue for two years to take a second state exam, the Leaving Certificate, around age 17-18. Students typically take 6-8 subjects. Except in exceptional circumstances, subjects taken must include English (L1), Irish (L2) and Mathematics. Leaving Certificate results directly determine admission to university via a ranking system managed by the CAO. More than 80% of students who complete the Junior Certificate continue to the Leaving Certificate.
There is an optional year in many secondary schools in Ireland known as Transition Year, which some students choose to take after completing the Junior Certificate, and before starting the Leaving Certificate. Focusing on broadening horizons, the year is often structured around student projects such as producing a magazine, charity work, running a small business, etc. Regular classes may be mixed with classes on music, drama, public speaking, etc. Transition Year is not formally examined but student progress is monitored by teachers on a continuous basis. Programs vary from school to school.
In addition to the main school system, Ireland has a parallel system of vocational schools, which place less focus on academic subjects and more on vocational and technical skills - around 25% of students attend these. Many vocational schools also offer night classes to adults. There is also a prominent movement known as Gaelscoileanna where every subject is taught through the Irish Language, and these are growing fast in number.
Republic of MacedoniaEdit
- Main article: Education in the Republic of Macedonia
High school in Republic of Macedonia is called "средно училиште" or "middle school", and the structure is left from the socialists period. Reforms are conducting at the moment, so the education would be appropriate with the most of the leading world countries.That means that there are still many forms. In general there is high school for preparing for every faculty on the university. There are: electro technical high school, mechanical high school, economics high school, pharmaceutical, medical,...and natural sciences and linguistics gymnasium. The high school is attended between the years of 14 and 18.
- Main article: Education in Singapore#Secondary Education
Children attend secondary school for the first 4 levels, followed by either junior college for 2 year courses or centralised institutes for 3-year courses.
Based on results of the Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE), Singapore's students undergo secondary education in either the Special(Abolished in 2008), Express, Normal streams or the Integrated Programme which was implemented in 2004. Both the Special and Express are 4-year courses leading up to a Singapore-Cambridge General Certificate of Education (GCE) 'Ordinary' - 'O' level examination. The difference between Special and Express is that the former takes higher Mother Tongue, which can be used as a first language in exams instead of the subject "mother tongue" that Express students take. However if some Express students can cope with higher Mother Tongue, they are allowed to used it as a first language in exams too.
The Normal stream is a four-year course leading up to a Singapore-Cambridge GCE "Normal" - "N" level examination, with the possibility of a 5th year followed by a Singapore-Cambridge GCE "Ordinary" - "O" level examination. It is split into "Normal (Academic)" and "Normal (Technical)" where in the latter students take subjects that are technical in nature, such as Design and Technology.
After the second year of a secondary school course, students are typically streamed into a wide range of course combinations, making the total number of subject they have to sit for in "O" level six to ten subjects. This includes science (Physics, Biology and Chemistry), humanities (Elective Geography/History, Pure Geography/History, Social Studies, Literature, etc.) and additional mathematics subject at a higher level, or "combined" subject modules.
Some schools have done away with the O level examination, and pupils only sit for the A level examination or the International Baccalaureate at the end of their sixth year (known as Year 6 or Junior College 2).
Co-curricular activities have become compulsory at the Secondary level, where all pupils must participate in at least one core CCA, and participation is graded together with other things like Leadership throughout the four years of Secondary education, in a scoring system. Competitions are organised so that students can have an objective towards to work, and in the case of musical groups, showcase talents.[4]
- Main article: Education in Slovenia
In Slovenia, a variety of high-school institutions for secondary education exists one can choose in accordance with his or her interests, abilities and beliefs. The majority of them are public and government-funded, although there are some diocesan upper secondary schools and a Waldorf upper secondary school, which are private and require tuition to be paid.
Upper secondary schools (Sln. gimnazije) are the most elite and the most difficult high-school programmes, intended for the best students that wish to pursue university education in the future. They are further divided into general upper secondary schools, classical upper secondary schools, technical upper secondary schools, upper secondary schools for arts, and upper secondary schools for business. They all last for four years and conclude with a compulsory leaving examination (Sln. matura) that is a prerequsite for studying at universities. Their curricula include a wide range of subjects that should deliver a broad general knowledge.
Technical high schools last for four years and cover a wide range of disciplines. They end with a vocational leaving examination and allow pupils to study at vocational or professional colleges.
Vocational high schools come in two varieties: the dual and in school-based programme. For the former, the apprenticeship is provided by employers, while the practical training for the latter is offered in school. Both of them complete with a final examination. Students may continue their education in the two-year vocational-technical programme (colloquially known as 3+2 programme), which prepares them for vocational leaving exam if they want to pursue higher education.
The leaving exam course is a one-year programme, intended for vocational leaving exam graduates. After completing leaving exam course, they take the leaving examination, which makes the eligible for university education.
The Vocational course is a one-year programme provided to upper secondary school students who, for various reasons, do not want to continue their education. It concludes with a final examinations, qualifying the applicants for a selected occupation.
United KingdomEdit
- Main articles: Education in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom secondary schools offer secondary education covering the later years of schooling. State secondary schools in England and Wales are classed as either (selective) grammar schools, (non-selective) comprehensive schools, city technology colleges or academies. Within Scotland, there are only two types of state-run schools, Roman Catholic or non-denominational. Most secondary schools in England and Wales are comprehensive schools. Grammar schools have been retained in some counties in England. Academies (previously known as city academies) are a new type of school introduced by the current Labour government. Independent secondary schools generally take pupils at 13.
The table below lists the equivalent secondary school year systems used in the United Kingdom:
|England, Wales
|Northern Ireland
|Equivalent Ages
|Primary 7
|Year 7 (First Form)
|Year 8 (First Form)
|First Year
|Year 8 (Second Form)
|Year 9 (Second Form)
|Second Year
|Year 9 (Third Form)
|Year 10 (Third Form)
|Third Year
|Year 10 (Fourth Form)
|Year 11 (Fourth Form)
|Fourth Year
|Year 11 (Fifth Form)
|Year 12 (Fifth Form)
|Fifth Year
| Year 12
Lower Sixth AS
First Year College
|Year 13 [Post 16] Lower Sixth
|Sixth Year
| Year 13
Upper Sixth A2
Second Year College
|Year 14 [Post 16] Upper Sixth
Private schools in England and Wales generally still refer to years 7-11 as 1st-5th Form, or alternatively privates schools refer to Year 7 as IIIrds (Thirds), Y8 as LIV (Lower Four), Y9 as UIV (Upper Four), Y10 as LV (Lower Fifth), Y11 as UV (Upper Fifth) and then Sixth-Form.
England, Wales and Northern IrelandEdit
- Main articles: Education in England, Wales, Northern Ireland
In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, students usually transfer from primary school straight to secondary school at age 11. In a few parts of the UK there are middle schools for ages 9 to 13 (similar to American middle schools), and upper schools for ages 13–18. It is uncommon, but sometimes secondary schools (particularly in South West Wales) can also be split into 'Upper' (ages 13–16) and 'Lower' secondary schools (ages 11–13).
Education is compulsory up until the end of year 11 (the last Friday in June in the academic year a person turns 16), and schooling can continue for a further two years after that. Traditionally the five years of compulsory secondary schooling from ages 11 to 16 were known as "first year" through to "fifth year," (and still are in the private sector) but were renamed in the 1990s to Year 7 through to Year 11 (Year 8 to Year 12 in Northern Ireland) with the coming of the National Curriculum. After Year 11 a student can opt to remain at school, transfer to a college, or to leave education and seek work or to start an apprenticeship. Those who stay at school enter Years 12 and 13 (Years 13 and 14 in Northern Ireland). These years are traditionally known as the Sixth Form ("Lower Sixth" and "Upper Sixth"), and require students to specialise in three to five subjects for their A Levels. In ever-increasing numbers since the 1990s some students also undertake more vocational courses at college such as a BTEC or other such qualification.
This is an unusually specialised curriculum for this age group by international standards, and recently some moves have been made to increase the number of subjects studied. After attaining the relevant A Level qualifications the student can enter university.
- Main article: Education in Scotland
In Scotland, students transfer from primary to secondary education at either 11 or 12 years old. Pupils usually attend the same secondary school as their peers, as all secondaries have 'intake primaries'. Pupils either attend a Roman Catholic, or non-denominational school according to their or more commonly their parents' beliefs. Pupils in Scotland attend the same secondary school throughout their education; there are no sixth-form colleges in Scotland.
The first and second years of secondary school (abbreviated to S1 and S2) is a continuation of the 5-14 curriculum started in primary school. After which students choose which subjects they wish to study with certain compulsory subjects such as English and Mathematics for S3 and S4. These are called Standard Grades, but some schools use Intermediates which take two years to complete with an exam at the end of S4. After Standard Grades/Intermediates, some students leave to gain employment or attend further education colleges, however nowadays most students study for Highers, of which five are usually studied. These take a year to complete. After which some students decide to apply for university or stay on for 6th year, where other Highers are gained, or Advanced Highers are studied. Due to the nature of schooling in Scotland, undergraduate honours degree programmes are four years long as matriculation is normally at the completion of highers in S5 (age 16-17), which compares with three years for the rest of the UK. As well as instruction through the English language education Gaelic medium education is also available throughout Scotland.
United StatesEdit
- Main article: Secondary education in the United States
As part of education in the United States, secondary education comprises grades 6, 7, 8, or 9 through 12. This depends on the school district and how it is comprised. Grades 9 through 12 is the most common grade structure for high school.
High school in Vietnam is called Trung hoc pho thong, which mean "Popular Middle School", for children from grade ten to grade twelve (age of 16 to 18). In high school, students have 12 subjects to learn, and all the 12 subjects are compulsory. For each main subject (Literature, Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, History, Geography and Foreign language), there are two levels of study: Basic and Advanced. Subjects in advanced level will receive more time and intensiveness than the basic ones do. Students are divided into five groups:
- Basic group: All subjects are in basic level.
- Group A: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry are in advanced level.
- Group B: Mathematics, Chemistry and Biology are in advanced level.
- Group C: Literature, History and Geography are in advanced level.
- Group D: Mathematics, Literature and Foreign language are in advanced level.
Students will graduate from high school if they have passed Graduation Tests of 6 subjects. If not, they must wait for the next year's tests. Students must graduate from high school to attend a university or college.
Secondary education namesEdit
- Argentina: Secundaria or Polimodal, Escuela secundaria
- Australia: High school, Secondary college
- Austria: Gymnasium (Ober- & Unterstufe), Hauptschule, "Höhere Bundeslehranstalt (HBLA), Höhere Technische Lehranstalt (HTL)
- Bahamas, The: Junior High (grades 7-9), Senior High (grades 10-12)
- Bolivia: Educación Primaria Superior (grades 6-8) and Educación Secundaria, (grades 9-12)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: srednja škola (literally middle school), gimnazija (gymnasium)
- Brazil: Ensino Médio (officially), Colegial (informally), Segundo Grau (formerly);
- Bulgaria: Гимназия (gymnasium), Лицей (Lyceum)
- Chile: Enseñanza Media.
- People's Republic of China (China): zhong xue (中学; literally, middle school), consisting of chu zhong (初中; literally beginning middle) from grades 7 to 9 and gao zhong (高中; literally high middle) from grades 10 to 12
- Republic of China (Taiwan): Junior High School(國民中學), Senior High School(高級中學), Vocational High School(高級職業中學), Military School(軍校), and Complete High School(完全中學).
- Canada: high school, secondary school, école secondaire, lycée, collegiate institute
- Education in Colombia: Bachillerato, Segunda Enseñanza(literally Second Learning)
- Croatia: srednja škola (literally middle school), gimnazija (gymnasium)
- Cyprus: Γυμνάσιο(gymnasium), Ενιαίο Λύκειο (Lyceum)
- Czech Republic: střední škola (literally middle school), gymnázium (gymnasium), střední odborné učiliště
- Denmark: gymnasium
- Estonia: Gymnasium, Lyceum
- Finland: lukio (Finn.) gymnasium (Swed.)
- France: collège (junior), lycée (senior)
- Germany: Gymnasium, Gesamtschule, Realschule, Hauptschule, Fachoberschule
- Greece: Γυμνάσιο (3 years)(gymnasium), Γενικό Λύκειο (3 years) (~1996,2006~present), Ενιαίο Λύκειο (3 years), (1997~2006) (Lyceum)
- Hungary: gimnázium (grammar school), középiskola (comprehensive school, lit. "middle-school"), szakközépiskola (vocational secondary school, lit. "specified middle-school")
- Iceland: Menntaskóli, Framhaldskóli.
- India: secondary school
- Indonesia: Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) (lit. "Upper Middle School"), Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) (lit. "First Middle School"), Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) (vocational school, lit. "Middle Vocational School"),
- Italy: scuola secondaria di primo grado (3 years) + scuola secondaria di secondo grado (5 years): Liceo and Istituto Tecnico.
- Japan: chūgakkō (中学校; literally middle school), kōtōgakkō (高等学校; literally high school), chūtōkyōikugakkō (中等教育学校; Secondary School) - In the pre-Meiji educational system, the equivalent was called "chūsei"
- Liechtenstein: gymnasium
- Lithuania: vidurinė mokykla (literally middle school), gimnazija (gymnasium)
- Malaysia: secondary school or sekolah menengah, sometimes high school is used
- Malta: skola sekondarja or secondary school
- Mexico: Educación secundaria y preparatoria
- Netherlands: middelbare school or voortgezet onderwijs
- Norway: Videregående
- Peru: Educación Secundaria or Escuela Secundaria
- Poland: gimnazjum (grades 7-9), liceum (grades 10-12)
- Portugal: 2º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (5th and 6th grades), 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (7th to 9th grades), and Ensino Secundário, Liceu (10th to 12th grades)
- Romania: gimnaziu (grades 5-8), liceu (grades 9-12)
- Russia: среднее образование (transliteration: sredneye obrazovaniye)
- Serbia: gymnasium (4 years), professional schools (4 years), vocational schools (3 years)
- South Korea: jung hakkyo (중학교; literally middle school), and godeung hakkyo (고등학교; literally high-rank school)
- Spain: Educación secundaria, composed of two cycles: E.S.O. (Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, compulsory secondary education, 4 years, 7th to 10th grade) and Bachillerato (non-compulsory secondary education, 2 years, 11th and 12th grade); formerly, primary education comprised up to the 8th grade and the secondary education was composed of two non-compulsory cycles: B.U.P. (Bachillerato Unificado Polivalente, 3 years, 9th to 11th grade) and C.O.U. (Curso de Orientación Universitaria, 1 year, 12th grade)
- Sweden: gymnasium
- Switzerland: gymnasium, secondary school
- Turkiye: Lise
- United States: high school (usually grades 9-12 but sometimes 10-12, it is also called senior high school) is always considered secondary education; junior high school' or 'middle school' (6-8, 7-8, 6-9, 7-9 or other variations) are sometimes considered secondary education.
- Uruguay: Liceo (4 years of compulsory education - Ciclo Básico -, and 2 years of specialitation into humanitites, sciences or biology - Bachillerato diversificado-).
See alsoEdit
- Education Index
- Educational stages
- Secondary school
- High school
- Boarding school
- Special school
- University-preparatory school
- Category:Secondary education by country for secondary education in individual countries
- ↑ G1 > Vestibular e Educação - NOTÍCIAS - Veja as 20 melhores escolas do país no Enem 2007
- ↑ The Global Competitiveness Report 2006–2007: Country Highlights. World Economic Forum. URL accessed on 2007-01-22.
- ↑ Co-Curricular Activities. URL accessed on 2007-09-07.
External linksEdit
School types
|By educational stage
|By funding / eligibility
|By style of education
|* Template:Icon Category
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).


text:
We are surrounded by marble and granite, so much so that we rarely give it a thought. Much of the state is made of the stuff, our mountains and courthouses and old inns.
Marble and granite are among our most famous exports. When we see TV images of the U.S. Supreme Court and the Lincoln and Jefferson memorials, we are looking at pieces of Vermont.
What happens, though, when we see the stone itself as art?

subset: commoncrawl


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text:
"By the way," my father said on the phone this morning, "Diegolina died a few days ago." He dropped it in casually, after detailing his weekend. He'd gone snowshoeing for the first time, with his girlfriend. He and my stepmother have been divorced for several years now, and Diegolina was my stepmother's mother. I had been taught to call her Abuela. My father called her The Big A, made her a joke. She never thought that was funny.
Abuela had a hard life. She dropped out in elementary school, sold tamales wrapped in banana leaves on the street. Her home was a collection of tar paper and tin shacks. She cooked food over a fire in the dirt. She had seven children. Her husband was a drunk who beat her constantly and, once, tried to force her to drink poison as my stepmother watched. He hit her in the face with a belt buckle, and, as a result, she was nearly blind in one eye. Abuela lived with us for weeks here and there throughout my childhood. Ay dios mio, she used to say, all of the time, stereotypically. She watched telenovelas endlessly, the loud music and dramatic exclamations bouncing through the house. She cooked a red soup with chunks of shark meat floating in it, homemade corn tortillas. She cried for hours and hours. She told me I was fat. She told me my stepmother betrayed her country when she became a citizen. "Angie, Angie," she called me. I bent to embrace her tiny frame, as I was required to do, and she'd cup my face and kiss my cheek with feathery lips. Her brown skin felt cool, and smooth, like wax. She smelled like flowers, and something else, something bad. I was expected to love this virtual stranger, whom I first met when I was 8, and whom I saw in short, sporadic bursts.
I did not make an effort to know her. I am ashamed to say that mostly, she annoyed me. I was a selfish teenager, and she sighed and criticized constantly. She took up a bedroom, and I had to share a bed with my sister. She spent what seemed like hours in the bathroom. My stepmother was even meaner than she usually was with Abuela around. I didn't have the patience for it. My junior year of high school, she got sick, and I had to take over her job for no pay at the Wishy Washy Laundromat. Abuela was sick a lot–she had diabetes and gall bladder problems and severe depression. I was in high school at the time, and for weeks, I stayed up into the early morning hours, scraping hair and gum from the wheels of the laundry carts, sopping up strangers' scum.
When I wasn't annoyed with her, I made fun of her. I have a photograph of her wearing a black t-shirt featuring a huge, fluorescent green marijuana leaf. It says, "This bud's for you." She had no idea what she was wearing. She poses for the photograph, stony-faced, somewhere in San Bernardino. None of my stepmother's Mexican family smiled in photographs. It was only after she lived here for several years that my stepmom began to smile. When you think about it, the constant smiling is goofy, for people who don't know true suffering, who expect everything to work out. For Americans.
It was cruel of me to make her into a joke. I make jokes all of the time, about everything, even when I shouldn't. I didn't want to deal with the guilt of knowing about her life and the lives of all of her family back in Mexico. Were they my family too? Who was she to me? Who were they? My stepmother didn't seem to care, then, or now. Abuela was sick in a hospital in Mexico for awhile, and my stepmother didn't visit. Her family will call her for money, and she will send it, like she always does, and she will do so begrudgingly. She will not go there to face all of those hungry and angry faces, all of the chaos that will surely result from this death.
Once, when I was maybe sixteen years old, Abuela sang a birthday song to me in Spanish, in front of my family and a few of my friends. She had tears in her eyes. I know it took a lot of courage. I didn't love her, but sometimes I think she loved me.


text:
I love crocodile in light colors. Especially when it comes to Hermes bags, black or other dark neutrals seem to be what most people tend to buy when they buy croc, and I can understand that compulsion; crocodile is enormously expensive, particularly from a brand like Hermes, and versatility is important when making that kind of investment. So are concerns about wear and tear, and dark colors tend to mask use a bit better. For those who are looking to buy crocodile Hermes, dark colors make sense from a logical standpoint, but that's why I get so excited when I see light-colored croc; it seems more special.
Demonstrating my obsession today is Tamara Ecclestone, who was so gracious to step out with her light grey Hermes Crocodile Birkin at the end of last week. Just look at that thing. And, of course, look at it some more after the jump. You might want to go get a tissue to sop up the drool first. (Psst - want to drool more? We've also got a comprehensive look at Tamara and Petra Ecclestone's stunning handbag collection!)
P.S. Please consider supporting our small, bag-loving team by clicking our links before shopping or checking out at your favorite online retailers like Amazon, Neiman Marcus, Nordstrom, or any of the listed partners on our shop page. We truly appreciate your support!


text:
The number of graduate students enrolled during the 2017-18 school year.
|Green Electric Energy
|0930 - 1050
|1015 ECE Building
|Timothy C O'Connell
Grading: The course grade is based on written assignments (15%), quizzes (35%), projects (15%), and the final exam (35%). Teams of students will conduct a final project and present the results to the class.
Grading: The course grade is based on written assignments (15%), quizzes (35%), projects (15%), and the final exam (35%). Teams of students will conduct a final project and present the results to the class.
G. Masters, Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems, 2nd Edition, J. Wiley, 2013
The main course goal is to provide students with an overview of renewable electric energy systems. At the conclusion of the class students should have an understanding of renewable technologies such as wind and solar, and understand how these technologies can be utilized both in the existing electric grid and as stand-alone systems.
A. By the time of Exam No. 1 (after approximately 10 ninety minute lectures), the students should be able to do the following:
1. Be able to provide a basic overview of the energy infrastructure both for the US and for the world; students should know the basic sources of energy and how this energy is transported. (c),(h), (i),(j)
2. Understand the concepts of power factor angle, power factor, complex power, and conservation of power; solve basic single phase circuits, basic understanding of harmonics in power systems. (a), (e)
3. Solve simple three-phase circuits to calculate any system voltage, current or power. (a), (e)
4. Apply concepts from basic electromagnetics to understand the operation of transformers; know the standard models for transformers. (a)
5. Provide a basic history of the development of the electric power industry (h), (j)
6. Describe the basic operation of the most commonly traditional electric generation technologies (coal, natural gas, nuclear). (c)
7. Be able to describe the basic operation of an interconnected electric grid, understanding the basics of power flow in such a network (a).
8. Be able to describe the basic operation of electricity markets, understanding their societal impacts. (c), (f), (j)
9. Understand the underlying physics and technologies used to extract energy from the wind. (a), (c), (e).
B. By the time of Exam No. 2 (after approximately 20 lectures), the students should be able to do all the items listed under A, plus the following:
10. Be able to use both actual wind speed measurements or assumed wind speed probability distribution functions to determine the average energy available from a wind site; be able to estimate how wind energy changes with turbine height and ambient temperature. (a), (b), (e) .
11. Understand the basic operation of electric synchronous and induction generators. (a)
12. Be able to describe the societal and environmental impacts associated with wind energy. (f), (h), (j)
13. Be able to formula the power flow problem and be able to develop a solution algorithm using the Newton-Raphson approach. (a)
14. Be able to understand the power flow issues associated with the integration of wind energy systems into an existing electric grid; use power flow software to solve wind integration problems. (a), (e)
15. Understand the physics associated with using the sun as a source of PV energy, including knowing how the energy available from the sun varies by time of year, and time of day. (a)
16. Be able to determine the amount of solar energy available at a particular location including the impacts of clouds, shading and collector tilt. (a), (b)
17. Be able to describe solar thermal technologies, including contemporary issues. (c), (j)
18. Understand and describe the basic physics associated with solar PV systems; be able to describe current PV technologies. (a), (e)
C. By the time of the Final Exam (after approximately 30 lectures), the students should be able to do all the items listed under A and B, plus the following:
19. Be able to describe and solve problems using models of solar PV cells and modules; be able to determine model parameters from test results. (a), (b), (e)
20. Be able to do a simple design of a standalone solar PV system to meet specified energy requirements. (c)
21. Be able to describe and solve problems associated with the operation of dc-dc converters, and apply them to PV maximum power tracking. (a), (e)
22. Be able to describe current energy storage technologies, assessing their relative merits. (a), (j)
23. Understand the basic operation of hydro energy systems, and solve problems associated with the design of these systems. (a), (c)
24. Be able to provide a basic description of the application of bio fuels for electricity generation, including the broader societal impacts. (h)
25. Be able to use energy economics to assess the financial merits of a renewable energy system, including the impacts of interest rates and inflation. (a), (c)
26. Describe electric utility rate structures, including their societal impacts. (c)
27. Write a paper describing a green electric energy technology in a societal context. (c), (g)
28. Understand the professional and ethical responsibilities associated with green electric energy systems. (f)
The number of graduate students enrolled during the 2017-18 school year.
306 N. Wright St. MC 702
Urbana, IL 61801-2918
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World Bulletin/News Desk
Ukrainian police cleared pro-Moscow protesters from a regional administration building in a lightning night-time operation, but others held out in two more eastern cities on Tuesday in what Kiev says is a Russian-led plan to dismember the country.
Shots were fired, a grenade thrown and 70 people detained as officers ended the occupation in the city of Kharkiv during an 18 minute "anti-terrorism" action, the interior ministry said.
But elsewhere in Ukraine's mainly Russian-speaking industrial heartland, activists armed with Kalashnikov rifles and protected by barbed wire barricades vowed there was no going back on their demand - a vote on returning to Moscow rule.
In the city of Luhansk, a man dressed in camouflage told a crowd outside an occupied state security building: "We want a referendum on the status of Luhansk and we want Russian returned as an official language."
"We will not let fascism pass," he shouted, leading the crowd in chants of "Russia! Russia!".
Ukraine says the seizure of public buildings in eastern regions on Sunday night is a replay of events in Crimea, the Black Sea peninsula Moscow annexed last month after a referendum staged when Russian troops were already in control.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov dismissed Western accusations that Moscow was destabilising Ukraine, saying the situation could improve only if Kiev took into account the interests of Russian-speaking regions.
But Britain expressed fears that Russia wanted to disrupt the run-up to presidential elections next month in Ukraine, which has been ruled by an interim government since the overthrow of Moscow-backed president Viktor Yanukovich in February.
Ukraine, which was controlled by Moscow until the Soviet Union collapsed more than two decades ago, has been in turmoil since late last year when Yanukovich rejected closer relations with the European Union and tilted the country back towards Russia. That provoked mass protests in which more than 100 people were killed by police and which drove Yanukovich from office, leading to Kiev's loss of control in Crimea.
In Kiev, Interior Minister Arsen Avakov partly pinned responsibility for the Kharkiv occupation on Russian President Vladimir Putin. "All this was inspired and financed by the Putin-Yanukovich group," he said.
An aide said police went in when the protesters failed to give themselves up and surrender their arms. Officers did not open fire, despite shooting and the grenade attack from the other side, he said. One police officer was badly wounded and some others less seriously hurt.
In Luhansk, a city of around 450,000 people, protesters have blocked streets leading to the state security building with barbed wire, piles of tyres, wooden crates, metal police barriers and sandbags. Protesters at the entrance to the building blocked the entrance with metal shields.
Andrei, who said he had stormed the building on Sunday but would not give his family name, said the protesters had 200-300 Kalashnikovs and some stun grenades, but there had been no shooting so far.
"I'll stay here until the end, until victory. Once you've taken up arms, there's no turning back. We will stay until the authorities agree to hold a referendum on the status of Luhansk," he said.
Andrei said he had sent his family to Russia after Yanukovich fled. "They couldn't stay here. I knew what would happen after the bandits took over, I knew it would only lead to war. And war is what we're getting," he said.
A standoff also continued in the mining centre of Donetsk, Yanukovich's home base, where a group of pro-Russian deputies inside the main regional authority building on Monday declared a separatist republic.
Unlike in Kharkiv, there was no clear sign that further police operations were imminent in the other two cities. "We hope the buildings occupied in Donetsk and Luhansk will soon be freed," acting president Oleksander Turchinov said.
Russia has warned Kiev against using force to end the occupations but authorities may anyway have decided not to give Moscow an excuse to intervene, holding back in the hope that the protests will fizzle out.
In London, Foreign Secretary William Hague said the occupations bore "all the hallmarks of a Russian strategy to destabilise Ukraine".
The West has expressed concern about what it says has been a buildup of Russian forces along the border with Ukraine. Moscow has said the troops are merely taking part in exercises but NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen urged caution.
"If Russia were to intervene further in Ukraine it would be a historic mistake," he told a news conference in Paris. "It would have grave consequences for our relationship with Russia and would further isolate Russia internationally."
Lavrov denied responsibility for the trouble in Russian-speaking areas of Ukraine. "One should not seek to put the blame on someone else," he told a new conference in Moscow.
Turchinov said on Monday that Moscow was attempting to repeat "the Crimea scenario" in which pro-Russian forces seized the local parliament and bulldozed through the referendum, clearing the way for Russia to annex the peninsula.
Unlike in Crimea, where ethnic Russians form a majority, most people in the east and south are ethnically Ukrainian, although they speak Russian as a first language.
The dispute has raised fears that Russia might restrict its gas supplies to Ukraine's crippled economy. Russian producer Gazprom confirmed Ukraine had failed to pay for its March supplies but did not say whether it would take any action against Kiev.
Gazprom cut off supplies to Kiev during price disputes in the winters of 2008/2009 and 2005/2006, disrupting the flow of Russian gas to the EU that is carried via Ukraine. Gazprom said gas transit via Ukraine to Europe remained stable on Tuesday.
So far the United States and EU have imposed only mild economic sanctions over the Crimean annexation. However, First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov said Russian companies listed on foreign stock exchanges should consider re-listing in Moscow. "This is a question of economic security for them," Interfax news agency quoted him as telling reporters.Last Mod: 08 Nisan 2014, 16:29


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text:
1. Slip-in cartridge valves are:
- 2-way normally open
- 2-way normally closed
- 3-way pilot-operated
2. Slip-in cartridge valves have___________ response than/as a spool valve.
- slower
- the same
- faster
3. It takes ___________ slip-in cartridge valves to operate a double-acting cylinder.
- two
- three
- four
4. To control the speed of an actuator powered by slip-in cartridge valves, use a:
- reducing valve
- flow-control valve
- poppet stroke limiter
5. Load-induced pressure can hold a running away load in place by using a cover with a:
- shuttle valve
- pilot-operated check valve
- stroke limiter
6. A slip-in cartridge 4-way valve can be set up as:
- two different center conditions
- three different center conditions
- four different center conditions
7. A slip-in cartridge relief valve uses a:
- 1:2 area-ratio poppet
- 1:1.1 area-ratio poppet
- 1:1 area-ratio poppet
8. Slip-in cartridge valves with working pressure at either port must always have pilot pressure on the poppet to stay closed.
- True
- False
9. A slip-in cartridge relief valve operates the same as:
- a pilot-operated poppet relief valve
- a pilot-operated balanced piston relief valve
- a direct-acting relief valve
10. Unloading valves are different from relief valves because they:
- are externally piloted
- do not control pressure
- are normally open


text: [Apologies if you got multiple copies of this email. If you'd like to opt out of these announcements, information on how to unsubscribe is available at the bottom of this email.] *** Apologies if you receive multiple copies. *** *** Please forward to interested colleagues. *** ======================================================================= CALL FOR PAPERS 3rd International Workshop on New Algorithms and Programming Models for the Manycore Era (APMM 2013) As part of HPCS 2013, The 2013 Int. Conf. on High Performance Computing & Simulation July 1-5, 2013, Helsinki, Finland http://hpcs2013.cisedu.info/2-conference/workshops/workshop-06-apmm ======================================================================= NEW EXTENDED Submission Deadline: March 9, 2013 Submissions can be for full papers or short papers! SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES -------------------- With multi- and many-core based systems, performance increase on the microprocessor side will continue according to Moore's Law, at least in the near future. However, the performance limitations due to slow memory access are getting worse with large numbers of cores on a chip, and complex hierarchies of cache memory makes it hard for users to fully exploit the theoretically available performance. In addition, the increasingly hybrid and hierarchical design of compute clusters and high-end supercomputers, as well as the use of accelerator components (GPGPUs, Intel MIC, etc.) add further challenges to efficient programming in HPC applications. Compute and data intensive tasks can only benefit from the hardware's full potential, if both processor and architecture features are taken into account at all stages - from the early algorithmic design, via appropriate programming models, up to the final implementation. The Workshop topics of interest include (but are not limited to) the following: * Hardware-aware, compute- and memory-intensive simulations of real-world problems in computational science and engineering (for example, from applications in electrical, mechanical, civil, or medical engineering). * Manycore-aware approaches for large-scale parallel simulations in both implementation and algorithm design, including scalability studies. * Parallelisation on HPC platforms; esp. platforms with hierarchical communication layout, multi-/many-core platforms, NUMA architectures, or accelerator components (Intel MIC, GPU, Tilera, FPGA). * Parallelisation with appropriate programming models and tool support for multi-core and hybrid platforms. * Concepts for exploiting emerging vector extensions of instruction sets * Software engineering, code optimisation, and code generation strategies for parallel systems with multi-core processors. * Tools for performance and cache behavior analysis (including cache simulation) for parallel systems with multi-core processors. * Performance modelling and peformance engineering approaches for multi-thread and mutli-process applications. INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS ------------------------ You are invited to submit original and unpublished research works on above and other topics related to Many-core computing. Submitted papers must not have been published or simultaneously submitted elsewhere. Submission should include a cover page with authors' names, affiliation addresses, fax numbers, phone numbers, and email addresses. Please, indicate clearly the corresponding author and include up to 6 keywords from the above list of topics and an abstract of no more than 400 words. The full manuscript should be at most 7 pages using the two-column IEEE format. Additional pages will be charged additional fee. Please include page numbers on all preliminary submissions to make it easier for reviewers to provide helpful comments. Submit a PDF copy of your full manuscript via EasyChair: https://www.easychair.org/conferences/?conf=apmm2013 Only PDF files will be accepted, sent by email to the workshop organizers. Each paper will receive a minimum of three reviews. Papers will be selected based on their originality, relevance, technical clarity and presentation. Submission implies the willingness of at least one of the authors to register and present the paper, if accepted. Authors of accepted papers must guarantee that their papers will be registered and presented at the workshop. Accepted papers will be published in the Conference proceedings. Instructions for final manuscript format and requirements will be posted on the HPCS 2013 Conference web site. It is our intent to have the proceedings formally published in hard and soft copies and be available at the time of the conference. The proceedings is projected to be included in the IEEE Digital Library and indexed accordingly. If you have any questions about paper submission or the workshop, please contact the workshop organizers. IMPORTANT DATES --------------- Paper Submissions: ------------------------ March 09, 2013 Acceptance Notification: ------------------ March 15, 2013 Camera Ready Papers and Registration Due: - April 11, 2013 Conference Dates: ------------------------ July 1-5, 2013 WORKSHOP ORGANIZERS ------------------- Alexander Heinecke, Technische Universitaet Munich, DE Harald Koestler, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, DE Sven-Bodo Scholz, Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh, UK STEERING COMMITEE ----------------- Michael Bader, TUM, DE Josef Weidendorfer, TUM, DE Carsten Trinitis, TUM, DE Alexander Heinecke, TUM, DE INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM COMMITTEE ------------------------------- (see web site for an updated list of IPC members) FURTHER INFORMATION ------------------- See the Workshop web site at http://hpcs2013.cisedu.info/2-conference/workshops/workshop-06-apmm HPCS 2013 --------- For information or questions about Conference's paper submission, tutorials, posters, workshops, special sessions, exhibits, demos, panels and forums organization, doctoral colloquium, and any other information about the conference location, registration, paper formatting, etc., please consult the Conferenceâs web site at http://hpcs2013.cisedu.info or contact one of the Conference's organizers. If you have any questions about the HPCS 2013 conference paper submission, please contact the Conference Program Chair: Waleed W. Smari Voice: +1 (937) 681-0098, Email: smari at arys.org ======================================================================= -- -- Dr. Josef Weidendorfer, Informatik, Technische UniversitÀt MÃŒnchen TUM I-10 - FMI 01.06.055 - Tel. 089 / 289-18454 ******************************************************************************** The hpc-announce mailing list has been setup to have a common mailing list to share information with respect to upcoming HPC related events. You are included in this mailing list based on your participation or interest in a previous HPC conference or other event. The purpose for providing a single mailing list is to allow participants to easily identify such emails, and handle them appropriately. Some options include: 1. If you feel that the number of such emails is too many, filter them to less-frequently-read folders in your email client. 2. Change your subscription to a digest option (https://lists.mcs.anl.gov/mailman/listinfo/hpc-announce) which will consolidate emails sent that week into a single summary email. 3. Finally, if you do not wish to receive any emails from hpc-announce, you can unsubscribe from the mailing list (https://lists.mcs.anl.gov/mailman/listinfo/hpc-announce). Once unsubscribed, we guarantee that you will not be added back in through participation in a different HPC related conference or event. You will need to send an email to hpc-announce-owner at mcs.anl.gov to be added back on. If you need help with any of the above, please email us at hpc-announce-owner at mcs.anl.gov. ********************************************************************************


text:
New Skip Hunt Vagabond: MEXICO 2009 Book Available NOW!
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A longtime Taunton company believes that the proposed Mashpee Wampanoag resort casino is coming, and that it's coming sooner rather than later.
B&D Construction is planning to move its headquarters to Raynham as soon as possible after hearing that the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe may be moving in to begin building their proposed resort casino as early as this fall.
TAUNTON — A longtime Taunton company believes that the proposed Mashpee Wampanoag resort casino is coming, and that it's coming sooner rather than later.
B&D Construction is planning to move its headquarters to Raynham as soon as possible after hearing that the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe may be moving in to begin building their proposed resort casino as early as this fall.
B&D Construction owner Dan DaRosa said that he is working this summer to move his company's Stevens Street headquarters into an existing building at 252 Britton St. in Raynham, formerly occupied by the Dyer Oil company, facing Route 138. DaRosa said that his company is assuming that the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe is starting its casino construction operations in Taunton this fall at the nearby Liberty & Union Industrial Park.
"Why we are doing that is because we understand that the tribe will be coming soon," DaRosa said. "So we are making provisions to move our operations to Raynham. It's only an assumption. What we are getting fed from them is that it will be sometime during the fall of 2014. That's right around the corner. That's why I have to act on these permits, because if they come, I need to be ready to go."
The tribe issued a statement on Wednesday confirming that they expect to begin construction at the Taunton site by the end of the 2014.
"The tribe holds options to acquire a number of parcels, in and adjacent to the Liberty and Union Industrial Park in Taunton," Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council Chairman Cedric Cromwell said. "With the tribe now in the final stages of the environmental review of its land into trust application, it is working with the city and the TDC (Taunton Development Corporation) to help affected businesses explore alternative locations in Taunton. We still expect to break ground before the end of the year, and we should have more details on the schedule once the review process is finished."
The Mashpee Wampanoag's plan is to build a $500 million resort casino on the Taunton land, with the financial backing of a subsidiary of Malaysian casino giant Genting, but the tribe is waiting on a crucial decision from the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs about whether the tribe's land in Taunton is eligible to be put into trust as part of an Indian reservation.
Opponents of the casino believe that legal precedent set by the 2009 Carcieri v. Salazar Supreme Court decision will prevent the tribe from getting the land into trust, and many expect the matter will be settled in court.
Earlier this year, Cromwell said he's confident the Department of Interior will favorably rule that the Wampanoag's legal and historical status is consistent with a 2009 Supreme Court decision — requiring any tribe seeking land into trust to prove it was under federal jurisdiction in 1934, the year the Indian Reorganization Act was passed into law (the Mashpee Wampanoag obtained official federal recognition in 2007).
The Department of the Interior issued a legal opinion in March clarifying its interpretation of the phrase "under federal jurisdiction." The opinion states that tribes that attained federal recognition after 1934 could still be eligible to have land taken into trust.
Cromwell also has said that the proposed Taunton casino should be open by early 2016.
The matter came up on Tuesday at the Raynham Board of Selectmen meeting, when Town Planner John Charbonneau revealed that B&D Construction was working expeditiously to relocate to the Britton Street site. Charbonneau said he is working with engineers for B&D as the company is preparing to go through the town permitting process to occupy the existing building and also to build a 7,500-square-foot warehouse and parking lot there.
"Time is of the essence for him to get his offices moved here and he would really like to come into Raynham as soon as he can," Charbonneau said. "I am working with engineers. … We are on the phone almost daily to set up a timeline and make sure this process goes as smooth as possible."
The matter is complicated by a split zoning at the Dyer Oil building, which would require a zoning amendment at an upcoming Raynham Town Meeting to completely rezone the Raynham property to business, instead of a split between Residential A and business that currently exists there, Charbonneau said.
Charbonneau said that the relocation would be good news for Raynham, because B&D Construction has built a great reputation as a business that has contributed to the Taunton community for more than 30 years. Charbonneau said while the business has about 20 employees, it would be a "back bone" type of business in the town.
Board of Selectmen Chair Richard Schiavo agreed, noting the contributions that B&D has made to Taunton's annual Christmas display and by helping community organizations.
"It's a very positive thing for Raynham," Schiavo said. "Not only does this feed into our goal for economic development, but B&D Construction has a very positive reputation for all the good work they have done in Taunton and volunteer work and charitable work."
DaRosa said that his company may be excited to move to what it believes is an ideal spot in Raynham, with increased visibility, but that his heart will always remain in Taunton, and that his company will continue to contribute to the city.
"That's not going away," said DaRosa, a Taunton native. "We are still very involved with this community and do a lot of work in this community."
Reached on Wednesday afternoon, Taunton Mayor Thomas Hoye Jr. said that the tribe and the city are still waiting on the latest environmental impact statement report on the Taunton land and a decision by the BIA. Hoye also said that the Repeal the Casino statewide referendum during the fall elections may also be a factor.
"We are cautiously optimistic that the final decision will be positive and construction will commence," Hoye said. "We are just not sure when that will be at this point. We are hopeful that that would be soon, but time will tell. Unfortunately, this decision is out of our hands. … It also is depending on what happens with Question 3, which may impact what is actually built there. There are a lot of unanswered questions as we move into fall elections."


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The 2010 Alfa Romeo TZ3 Stradale was created to celebrate Alfa's 100th anniversary. This rare beast (number 7 out of 9) is based on the Viper ACR and powered by the same 640hp, 8.4L V10 mated to a 6-speed manual transmission. Ferrari of Newport Beach has it listed for $700k.
This is an absolutely stunning combination of Zagato bodywork and fire-breathing, American V10 madness. To make it even more special the car is BROWN! Red and yellow Italian supercars are nice...but predictable. The metallic brown over chestnut enhances the TZ3's blend of vintage and modern styling.
(H/T to @Mike_Magrath)


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Argo, Ben Affleck Win Best Picture, Director at BAFTA Awards
Feb 10, 2013 6:10 PM EST
Argo continued its awards season dominance Sunday, winning the British Academy of Film and Television Arts' prize for Best Picture. Ben Affleck followed up his victory at the Directors Guild Awards last week with another win for directing the film. A… Read more


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OUYA is coming
Get excited!!!
OUYAs will begin shipping to Kickstarter backers on March 28. That's right. Parts are in the factory and assembly lines are buzzing. We'll gradually ramp up production as we make sure things are working. (Our full launch is still set for June, which is when OUYA will be available in stores!)
Meanwhile, tens of thousands of you will receive your OUYA, and you'll get to start playing right away. You will also get to watch OUYA evolve over the coming weeks and months. We'll continue to add new features, refine our user experience, and bring on more games. As always, we appreciate your feedback (and apply it), so keep it coming.
Keep a lookout in your inbox for an email from us. It will have your tracking number and estimated delivery date. Might take a few weeks to get to everyone. We have a lot of OUYAs to ship!
Games! Games! Games!
"Yeah, yeah, but can you tell me anything more about what games are coming?" Yes, we can:
Kim Swift -- of Portal, Left 4 Dead, and Quantum Conundrum notoriety -- and Airtight Games are developing a brand new, exclusive title for OUYA! Kim writes: "We truly feel that this platform will give us the freedom to fully realize the funky, unique game we have in mind. Though the title will definitely appeal to core gamers in terms of skill and difficulty, it really has a completely unexpected, imaginative slant that's totally at home on this console. Expect an official announcement soon!"
Minority Media, developers of the critically acclaimed Papo & Yo, will deliver their in-development adventure puzzler to OUYA this fall. This is the first game (that we know of) designed to take full advantage of the OUYA touchpad and buttons simultaneously. We'll need a name for this new style of gameplay. Controlpad … Touchutton ... hmm.
Ever play Killing Floor or Red Orchestra 2? Do you like first-person shooter puzzle games as much as we do? Well, we're excited to announce that Tripwire Interactive is bringing The Ball to OUYA in March. They're also working with OUYA on a new, exclusive title. I could tell you more but then I'd have to … well, you know how the saying goes :).
And last … if you're anything like us, you believe that action and role-playing go together like peanut butter and chocolate. Right? RIGHT? … I'm glad we agree because ChronoBlade is coming to OUYA! We're working with nWay to bring this beautiful new action-RPG to OUYA's big screen TV experience. ChronoBlade looks great, and the skill-based combat system puts the "action" back in action-RPG.
Also (whew this is a heavy update!) we announced the winners of the 10-day game jam we did with Kill Screen, called CREATE. We were blown away by these games and can't wait to see them on OUYA. Check 'em out:
- CREATE Grand Prize: Strange Happenings on Murder Island (Free Lives)
- Most Surprising: Television (Laboratory Games LLC)
- Four Bright Buttons and Two Sticks: Bombball (E McNeill)
- Most Immersive: Whispering Willows (Night Light Interactive)
- Pop Your Eyes Out: Pipnis (Santa Ragione)
- Best Couch with Friends Games: 2D Cube Zombie Platformer (Molinware)
- Best Game Created Using Unity Engine: Stikbold (Team Stikbold)
We've been looking for someone to lead our outreach to developers, someone who really "gets" how developers work, someone who can help devs bring their most creative, exciting work to OUYA. We are thrilled to share that Kellee Santiago, co-founder of thatgamecompany (the maker of Journey) and partner at Indie Fund, will be joining us to lead developer relations. We're calling her OUYA's DBF (Developer's Best Friend). In her own words: "OUYA gets it. This is the first console company that really understands how important it is to remove the barriers to development. By freeing up the development process, OUYA is opening up new doors in console gaming."
Brian Hardin II on
Just a note; there IS an update on their main site: http://www.ouya.tv/shippin/ They have started shipping.
Brian Hardin II on
I too came here looking for an update on shipping day. hmm.
Jeffrey Vollmer on
I too am wondering why there have been no updates for Team OUYA. I'm hoping everything is still going on as planned. It would be nice to hear an update however.
gerardo bonilla on
Hey guys.... still no news from my ouya getting ready to ship and the day's almost over.. oh well. I hope nothing bad has happened :D
Mythric Studios on
Where are the shipping updates? Hello?
Shawn Hayes on
today is shipping day... why no updates? where's the hoopla and fanfare? is shipping delayed?
Emiel Roumen on
Can't wait for my Ouya to arrive!
Cromax on
Marking as a gift isn't enough. Every electronic device must have a CE mark in germany. Also there have to be the recipe outside of the package. If there is no CE mark, the Ouya will be sent back or destroyed (just happnd to some Pebbles). If there is no recipe outside of the package, the recipient will have to pay extra taxes and storage costs or the ouya will be sent back. I have some (not really good) experience with the german custom duty ...
Kory Calvert on
Ouya shipping tomorrow can't wait to get it next week
Hendrik Osula on
Also worried about importing Ouya to EU. CE or even better - gift would be really appreciated!
Pogopuschel on
I second Cromax here. Recipe outside of the package for germany. Or marking it as a gift so that we avoid customs duty :-)
Cromax on
Do you have a CE mark for the Ouya? Because without a CE mark the Ouya can't be shipped in the EU. Also there need to be a recipe outside of the package otherwise the custom duty offices will hold all the Ouya packages to Germany. I don't want the same desaster the Pebble makers made with there delivery ;)
Jakub Bandola on
I dont want to change my addres but I want only information about shipping.
- approximate date of delivery
- tracking code of package
sorry if I explained something wrong in English.
English is not my native language
Ninjabear on
About CHANGING ADDRESSES
Normally you would login to the developer website but now it gives you this message:
"Shipping address editing is DISABLED
As we're getting close to shipping your OUYA, please email email@example.com to update your shipping address."
I hope this clears up any address issues people have.
Jakub Bandola on
If I am from the Czech Repubublic (Central Europe) when I recive my console? I recive some shiping iformation as tracking number, or not?
Thanks for answer.
Joseph Bird on
As well I am trying to find a way to change my mailing address. (sorry for the spam) Anyone know how?
Diego Vasquez2 on
Hello, can you please tell me where can I write to, to change my address ?
Ninjabear on
Quick comment: Will there be games at all price ranges? I worried that if the games tend to only cost $1-2 then the console will be limited to mini games or low budget titles. What I'd like to see would be some games with $20-$30 price tags but with the first 1-2 levels free. That way we could have developers investing themselves full time in the titles.
Obviously we don't want a big console situation where we only get FPS games but I would like to see some cinematic PSX-style games like the Resident Evils, Tom Raider (but something unique that we haven't seen before).
Jonathan Lane on
Don't forget about one of the first video game comsole, the NES aka the Famicom (Family Computer) form NINTENDO. It was released in japan in 1983 as a computer/video game console.
The Dreamcast was a good video game console that just didn't have enough support from 3rd party publishers and couldn't survive the hype behind the Sony PlayStation 2 launch. Although it did have many features that all the current consoles have now like internet multiplayer games and a web browser from the launch of the system.
Florian Rathcke on
Sorry for double posting. The iPhone app was choking.
Florian Rathcke on
28th of march! I am excited! One question concerning intl. customers crossed my mind: Will you do a proper customs declaration with an attached invoice and stuff, so people do not have to wait a month or more for customs to write them a letter, that they can pick up their Ouya at the customs office? And anyhow, we have not really bought the Ouya, we just supported the project with a donation. And as a 'Thank You' we are getting an Ouya... do we have to pay customs in that case?
Anyhow, it would be great if shipments would be ready to roll through customs without the waiting time, if that is possible.
Florian Rathcke on
28th of march! I am excited! One question concerning intl. customers crossed my mind: Will you do a proper customs declaration with an attached invoice and stuff, so people do not have to wait a month or more for customs to write them a letter, that they can pick up their Ouya at the customs office? And anyhow, we have not really bought the Ouya, we just supported the project with a donation. And as a 'Thank You' we are getting an Ouya... do we have to pay customs in that case?
Anyhow, it would be great if shipments would be ready to roll through customs without the waiting time, if that is possible.
Drachenherz on
@Smackdownfletch: I'll surely look into Phoenix Revival, as it surely will be "free to play". :-)
Smackdownfletch on
Drachenherz, I just spent a good amount of time sampling a game called Phoenix Revival by Synaca Studios while I was at the SXSW Gaming Expo, and being a schmup nut, I walked away very impressed. Think Geometry Wars without vector graphics, and ships with rpg class variants. The demo they had up and running had co-op tank and healer ships, with slowly regenerating "mana" to govern how often you could use your specials. I spent more time playing the demo at their booth than I did wandering the rest of the expo. They're trying to have it ready in time for the first batch of consoles, so hopefully here in a few weeks.
Drachenherz on
Now, talking about games... Has any good shmup been anounced for the ouya? Aren't there android versions of classical bullet hell games like Espgaluda II and DoDonPachi Resurrection from CAVE or indie developers like the creators of Danmaku unlimited 1 + 2?
Shouldn't the OUYA be a shmuppers dream come true, as really good shmups have become such a niche themselves...
Ian Hawley on
I think they've done really well to hit March and, I guess people might have been expecting them a bit earlier, I think the timeline was always tight - so long as I have mine by say April 20th I'll be happy tbh, after then I'll start wondering where it is, but not until. And hey, I have a game to bring to it!
I'm keen to see it launch well when it 'really' lauches and I'd like to hear that it's outsold the Wii U at launch, which would bode well and be a real achievement for an unknown.
Check our working title #Darkwurm on our Facebook page.
John McCormick on
Reading comprehension seems to be a big problem here on Kickstarter. The post is unambiguous and tells you what you need to know in precise terms yet comments appear to be written by people who don't realize the information is on the very same page they are posting on (or complaining on).
Looking forward to receiving the product. This is one of the more timely kickstarter campaigns I have ever backed.
David Honsinger on
Yep, it's right here on their page. But according to everything BEFORE this, which means everything up to 28 February, I expected to GET my OUYA in March. Meaning shipping should be no later than the 15th. Heck, I was hoping (not particularly reasonably) for shipping to have started by 28 Feb, so the first backers could have theirs in EARLY March. But in any case, the ouya.tv website (when I posted my comment, at least) said "Backers will receive their OUYA in March." No way they're going to get it to me before April, because they aren't likely to overnight it to me, are they? As you see, even Lucas, whom you said, *come on* to just below, was expecting it to have SHIPPED by now so it could be here... in March. As promised.
Martin Kaardal on
Sorry i misread, i see now March 28...
Lucas Borelli on
Did anyone else not receive an e-mail informing a tracking number or even if the Ouya was shipped?
I need information! D:
Robert Dietrich on
Maybe it was mentioned before or I totally forgot it: what was the shipping method? How long could I expect to wait until my Ouya arrives? I live in Germany, so I guess a few days after Easter :D
Haven Luckenbill on
We've just uploaded a new episode of OUYA Radar over at http://www.OUYAGamingSource.com and it's all about the CREATE game jam entries! If you want to see some OUYA games in action, head over and check it out:
The next episode will be out in a week, covering the rest of our CREATE favorites. We love feedback, so tell us what you liked, and what still needs work. Enjoy!
Aureliano Fazio Baiz on
I hope you don't plan on using DHL for shipping to Argentina.
It just won't work.
Martin Kaardal on
So are the consoles sent out now to backers worldwide ?
Adriaan Maes on
You can change your shipping address on: https://devs.ouya.tv/gamers
Kevin Berger on
I'm impressed that you are actually shipping "on" your estimated date! all the other projects i have backed are full months late! like ship in November... its March, still nada... or ship September, barely make Christmas... or even ship in September... still waiting on ship date...


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Whither the Coffee House?
Saul Kaplan has set up an online book club on innovation. The first book we are reading and discussing is Steven Johnson's "The Invention of Air," which describes the coffee house culture of England and the U.S. in the late 1700's. Here are some of my thoughts about these places that were so crucial to innovation in that era.
Think about the coffee house - people flowing in and out with the frequent running into others and the chance to exchange and cross-fertilize one's latest spontaneous thinking, places for twosies to sit down and move the sparks that have been created into action, and groups coalescing around trending topics so larger stuff can emerge.
But the impact of traditional coffee house innovation is limited by class and geography. Little headway was made on issues such as poverty because no poor people ever made it in the door (except as unseen help). Social media is just now providing examples of how the web can overcome some of the coffee house limitations. One of the delights of Twitter is that you can create a coffee house peopled by quite diverse individuals from all over the world (I follow people from many countries and political persuasions) and, because you are overhearing all their comments and conversations, you can often find some opportunity to strike up a conversation and start to build a relationship with people you would never run into in this way in your ordinary life.
The difficulty, though, is reconceptualizing the physical place - a coffee house - as a set of innovation flows. Once you have a great provocative conversation with one or two people on Twitter, how and where do you move it so the energy and innovation continues to flow into action? I've now had a number of instances where the Twitter banter flowed into Skype calls/chats/document exchanges and then into face-to-face meetings or directly into some collaborative arrangement. The next missing piece is more support for small collaborations online. How do we keep track of all the small projects and what we are supposed to do for each?s


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If you didn't make World Trekkers: Egypt last Friday, we hate to break it to you, but you missed out.
There were belly dancers, a whirling dervish and TWO congenial camels, named Gunther (above) and Teddy (not pictured). Even our own Director of Social Media and Assistant Director of Public Relations & Marketing tapped into their Arab roots and delighted our younger guests as Cleopatra and King Tut.
Gunther was quite the hit with the kiddies.
Face painters kept it festive.
Belly dancers got hips swiveling.
Damien and Ernesto from Cat Eyes Makeup Artistry made everyone look like Egyptian royalty.
And our brilliant volunteers designed crafts to take home AND teach you something.
So if you're feeling a twinge of regret, file that away for now. Just don't miss our next World Trekkers event Aug. 9, when we indulge our inner Francophile in France!


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Mariah Carey and Justin Bieber Play Lovers in Life-Ruining New Music Video
[There was a video here]
Tonight, NBC aired its annual Rockefeller Center Christmas tree lighting special. It was boring! Well, except for the part where Justin Bieber debuted the music video for his duet with Mariah Carey of "All I Want for Christmas Is You (Superfestive!)." Because what the hell?
OK, so first of all, can we please discuss the fact that Carey spent the majority of the video dressed in a slutty Santa costume, dancing seductively in front of a green screen that was made to look like an artificial stone wall panel? Because what was that? Oh, and what was with Bieber spending its entirety standing atop some tacky riser in the middle of an abandoned Macy's, singing emphatically to... nobody?
What does it all mean? If your guess was, "The 17-year-old seemingly still prepubescent boy, singing all emphatically atop his riser, was doing so to woo the object of his affection, that being the 41-year-old slutty Santa green screen dancing lady, and vice versa," then congratulations/you're just as weird as the people who thought up the concept for this music video.


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Inspection and repair or refurbishment of Vernonscope and Questar Brandon eyepieces. We will inspect your eyepieces, whether new or vintage, and make recommendations. Examples are replacement of scratched or broken lenses, replacement of barrels, repairing eccentricity. If needed, we will recommend repairs or parts' replacements to optimize your Brandon optics. Estimates will be provided after insppecting the eyepeices, before proceeding with the repairs.


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Skagit Bay
Exif: F Number: 18, Exposure Bias Value: 0.00, ExposureTime: 1/13 seconds, Flash: did not fire, compulsory flash mode, ISO: 320, White balance: Auto white balance, FocalLength: 17.00 mm, Model: Canon EOS 50D
Uploaded on 9/16/2012 2:45:44 PM
Camera: Canon EOS 50D Digital SLR Camera
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