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Microsoft PowerPoint
|This article's lead section may not adequately summarize key points of its contents. (December 2013)
|Stable release
|2013 (15.0.4420.1017) / October 2, 2012
|Written in
|Operating system
|Microsoft Windows
|Presentation program
Microsoft PowerPoint for Mac 2011 running on Mac OS X Snow Leopard
|Stable release
|2011 (126.96.36.199505 SP1) / June 14, 2011
|Operating system
|Mac OS X
|Presentation program
|Proprietary commercial software
Microsoft PowerPoint is a slide show presentation program developed by Microsoft. It was officially launched on May 22, 1990, as a part of the Microsoft Office suite.
Originally designed for the Macintosh computer, the initial release was called "Presenter", developed by Dennis Austin and Thomas Rudkin[2] of Forethought, Inc.[3] In 1987, it was renamed to "PowerPoint" due to problems with trademarks, the idea for the name coming from Robert Gaskins.[4] In August of the same year, Forethought was bought by Microsoft for $14 million USD ($29.1 million in present-day terms[5]), and became Microsoft's Graphics Business Unit, which continued to develop the software further. PowerPoint was officially launched on May 22, 1990, the same day that Microsoft released Windows 3.0.
PowerPoint introduced many new changes with the release of PowerPoint 97. Prior to PowerPoint 97, presentations were linear, always proceeding from one slide to the next. PowerPoint 97 incorporated the Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) language, underlying all macro generation in Office 97, which allowed users to invoke pre-defined transitions and effects in a non-linear movie-like style without having to learn programming.
PowerPoint 2000 (and the rest of the Office 2000 suite) introduced a clipboard that could hold multiple objects at once. Another change was that the Office Assistant was changed to be less intrusive.[6]
PowerPoint 2002 massively overhauled the animation engine, allowing users to create more advanced and custom animations.[7]
As of 2012[update], various versions of PowerPoint claim ~95% of the presentation software market share, with installations on at least 1 billion computers. Among presenters world-wide, this program is used at an estimated frequency of 350 times per second.[8]
PowerPoint presentations consist of a number of individual pages or "slides". The "slide" analogy is a reference to the slide projector. A better analogy would be the "foils" (or transparencies/plastic sheets) that are shown with an overhead projector, although they are in decline now. Slides may contain text, graphics, sound, movies, and other objects, which may be arranged freely. The presentation can be printed, displayed live on a computer, or navigated through at the command of the presenter. For larger audiences the computer display is often projected using a video projector. Slides can also form the basis of webcasts.
PowerPoint provides three types of movements:
- Entrance, emphasis, and exit of elements on a slide itself are controlled by what PowerPoint calls Custom Animations.
- Transitions, on the other hand, are movements between slides. These can be animated in a variety of ways.
- Custom animation can be used to create small story boards by animating pictures to enter, exit or move.
PowerPoint provides numerous features that offer flexibility and the ability to create a professional presentation. One of the features provides the ability to create a presentation that includes music which plays throughout the entire presentation or sound effects for particular slides. In addition to the ability to add sound files, the presentation can be designed to run, like a movie, on its own. PowerPoint allows the user to record the slide show with narration and a laser pointer. The user may customize slide shows to show the slides in a different order than originally designed and to have slides appear multiple times. Microsoft also offers the ability to broadcast the presentation to specific users via a link and Windows Live.
Cultural impact[edit]
Supporters say that[9][10][11] the ease of use of presentation software can save a lot of time for people who otherwise would have used other types of visual aid—hand-drawn or mechanically typeset slides, blackboards or whiteboards, or overhead projections. Ease of use also encourages those who otherwise would not have used visual aids, or would not have given a presentation at all, to make presentations. As PowerPoint's style, animation, and multimedia abilities have become more sophisticated, and as the application has generally made it easier to produce presentations (even to the point of having an "AutoContent Wizard" that was discontinued in PowerPoint 2007, suggesting a structure for a presentation), the difference in needs and desires of presenters and audiences has become more noticeable.[12] Experienced PowerPoint designers point out that the "AutoContent Wizard" caused a glitch which contributed greatly to on-screen freezing of slides. Many designers opt to use the "blank slide layout" in lieu of the other layout choices for this reason. Nevertheless, in normal business use, most presentations created using PowerPoint are based on its default layout and font choices.[13]
The benefit of PowerPoint is continually debated, though most people believe that the benefit may be to present structural presentations to business workers, such as Raytheon Elcan does.[14] Its use in classroom lectures has influenced investigations of PowerPoint's effects on student performance in comparison to lectures based on overhead projectors, traditional lectures, and online lectures. There are no compelling results to prove or disprove that PowerPoint is more effective for learner retention than traditional presentation methods.[15]
Military excess[edit]
A "PowerPoint Ranger" is a military member who relies heavily on presentation software to the point of excess. Some junior officers spend the majority of their time preparing PowerPoint slides.[16] Because of its usefulness for presenting mission briefings, it has become part of the culture of the military,[17][18] but is regarded as a poor decision-making tool.[19] As a result some generals, such as Brigadier-General Herbert McMaster, have banned the use of PowerPoint in their operations.[16] In September 2010, Colonel Lawrence Sellin was fired from his post at the ISAF for publishing a piece critical of the over-dependence of military staffs on the presentation method and bloated bureaucracy.[20]
Artistic medium[edit]
Musician David Byrne has been using PowerPoint as a medium for art for years, producing a book and DVD and showing at galleries his PowerPoint based artwork.[21] The expressions "PowerPoint Art" or "pptArt" are used to define a contemporary Italian artistic movement which believes that the corporate world can be a unique and exceptional source of inspiration for the artist.
PowerPoint Viewer[edit]
Microsoft Office PowerPoint Viewer is a program used to run presentations on computers that do not have PowerPoint installed. Office PowerPoint Viewer is added by default to the same disk or network location that contains one or more presentations packaged by using the Package for CD feature.
PowerPoint Viewer is installed by default with a Microsoft Office 2003 installation for use with the Package for CD feature. The PowerPoint Viewer file is also available for download from the Microsoft Office Online Web site.[22]
Presentations password-protected for opening or modifying can be opened by PowerPoint Viewer. The Package for CD feature allows packaging any password-protected file or setting a new password for all packaged presentations. PowerPoint Viewer prompts for a password if the file is open password-protected.
PowerPoint Viewer supports opening presentations created using PowerPoint 97 and later. In addition, it supports all file content except OLE objects and scripting. PowerPoint Viewer is currently only available for computers running on Microsoft Windows.
Versions for Microsoft Windows include:
- 1990 PowerPoint 2.0 for Windows 3.0
- 1992 PowerPoint 3.0 for Windows 3.1
- 1993 PowerPoint 4.0 (Office 4.x)
- 1995 PowerPoint for Windows 95 (version 7.0; Office 95)
- 1997 PowerPoint 97 (version 8.0; Office 97)
- 1999 PowerPoint 2000 (version 9.0; Office 2000)
- 2001 PowerPoint 2002 (version 10; Office XP)
- 2003 Office PowerPoint 2003 (version 11; Office 2003)
- 2007 Office PowerPoint 2007 (version 12; Office 2007)
- 2010 PowerPoint 2010 (version 14; Office 2010)
- 2013 PowerPoint 2013 (version 15; Office 2013)
- Note: There is no PowerPoint version 5.0 or 6.0, because the Windows 95 version was launched with Word 7.0. All Office 95 products have OLE 2 capacity—moving data automatically from various programs—and PowerPoint 7.0 shows that it was contemporary with Word 7.0.
- Note 2: Version number 13 was skipped due to superstition.
Versions for the Mac OS include:
- 1987 PowerPoint 1.0 for Mac OS classic
- 1988 PowerPoint 2.0 for Mac OS classic
- 1992 PowerPoint 3.0 for Mac OS classic
- 1994 PowerPoint 4.0 for Mac OS classic
- 1998 PowerPoint 98 (8.0) for Mac OS classic (Office 1998 for Mac)
- 2000 PowerPoint 2001 (9.0) for Mac OS classic (Office 2001 for Mac)
- 2002 PowerPoint v. X (10.0) for Mac OS X (Office:Mac v. X)
- 2004 PowerPoint 2004 (11.0) for Mac OS X Office:Mac 2004
- 2008 PowerPoint 2008 (12.0) for Mac OS X Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac
- 2010 PowerPoint 2011 (14.0) for Mac OS X Microsoft Office 2011 for Mac
Note: There is no PowerPoint 5.0, 6.0 or 7.0 for Mac. There is no version 5.0 or 6.0 because the Windows 95 version was launched with Word 7. All of the Office 95 products have OLE 2 capacity—moving data automatically from various programs—and PowerPoint 7 shows that it was contemporary with Word 7. There was no version 7.0 made for Mac to coincide with either version 7.0 for Windows or PowerPoint 97.[23][24]
Microsoft PowerPoint 2011[edit]
In PowerPoint 2011, several key features have been added. Screen Capturing allows for taking a screenshot and adding it into the document. It is now possible to remove image backgrounds, and there are additional special effects that can be used with pictures, such as 'Pencil effects'. Additional transitions are also available. However, the ability to apply certain text effects directly onto existing text, as seen in Microsoft Word is not available; a separate WordArt text box is still required.
File formats[edit]
|Filename extension
.ppt, .pptx, .pps, or .ppsx
|Internet media type
|Developed by
|Type of format
The binary format specification has been available from Microsoft on request, but since February 2008 the .ppt format specification can be freely downloaded.[25]
In Microsoft Office 2007 the binary file formats were replaced as the default format by the new XML based Office Open XML formats, which are published as an open standard.[citation needed] Nevertheless, they are not complete as there are binary blobs inside of the XML files, and several pieces of behaviour are not specified but refer to the observed behaviour of specific versions of Microsoft product.[citation needed]
Password protection[edit]
The Microsoft Office password protection is a security feature to protect Microsoft Office documents with a user provided password.
See also[edit]
- Keynote (presentation software), the iWorks presentation software used for Macintosh
- LibreOffice Impress
- OpenOffice Impress
- PowerPoint animation
- Powerpoint-Karaoke
- Prezi
- ^ Lextrait, Vincent (January 2010). "The Programming Languages Beacon, v10.0". Retrieved 5 January 2010.
- ^ Austin, Dennis. "Beginning of PowerPoint: A Personal Technical Story". Retrieved 23 August 2014.
- ^ Gaskins, Robert (14 August 1984). "Sample Product Proposal: presentation graphics for overhead projection". Retrieved 19 August 2009.
- ^ Atkinson, Max (19 August 2009). "The problem with PowerPoint". BBC News.
- ^ Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–2014. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
- ^ Swartz, Luke (12 June 2003). "Why People Hate the Paperclip".
- ^ "Timeline – The animation engine in PowerPoint".
- ^ Parks, Bob (2012-08-30), Death to PowerPoint!, Bloomberg Businessweek, businessweek.com, retrieved 6 September 2012
- ^ "PowerPoint Presentations: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly". Shkaminski.
- ^ Allan, Jones (18 August 2003). "The use and abuse of PowerPoint in Teaching and Learning in the Life Sciences: A Personal Overview". Bioscience Education. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
- ^ "The Use of PowerPoint in Teaching Comparative Politics". Technology Source.
- ^ "A quick introduction to great PowerPoint design". Pptpop. April 2014.
- ^ Themann, Tim. "Visual Logorrhea – On the Prevalence of Slideuments". Retrieved 23 August 2014.
- ^ Tufte, Edward (September 2003). "PowerPoint Is Evil – Power Corrupts. PowerPoint Corrupts Absolutely.". Wired (11.09). Condé Nast Digital. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
- ^ Savoy, April (30 January 2009). "Information retention from PowerPoint; and traditional lectures". Computers & Education. Retrieved 5 March 2009.
- ^ a b Evans, MIchael (April 28, 2010), Afghanistan: the battle for hearts and bullet points, The Times
- ^ Bumiller, Elisabeth (April 26, 2010). "We Have Met the Enemy and He Is PowerPoint". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Starbuck (July 2009). "The TX Hammes PowerPoint Challenge (Essay Contest)". Small Wars Journal. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Hammes, T.X. (July 2009). "Essay: Dumb-dumb bullets". Armed Forces Journal. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Sellin, Lawrence (September 5, 2010). "The PowerPoint rant that got a colonel fired". United Press International. Army Times. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
- ^ http://www.davidbyrne.com/art/eeei/index.php
- ^ "PowerPoint Viewer". Download Center. Microsoft. 25 November 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
- ^ "PowerPoint Tips". Bit Better.
- ^ "Do More on Your Mac". Microsoft.
- ^ "Microsoft Office Powerpoint 97 - 2007 Binary File Format Specification (*.ppt)". Microsoft Corporation. 2007.
Further reading[edit]
- Lowenthal, P. R. (2009). Improving the Design of PowerPoint Presentations . In P. R. Lowenthal, D. Thomas, A. Thai, & B. Yuhnke, B. (Eds.), The CU Online handbook. Teach differently: Create and collaborate (pp. 61–66). Raleigh, NC: Lulu Enterprises.
- Kalyuga, S., Chandler, P. & Sweller, J. (2004). When redundant on-screen text in multimedia technical instruction can interfere with learning. Human Factors, 46, 567-581.
- Pptpop (2014).3 Secret Rules to Killer PowerPoint Presentations
External links[edit]
|Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Microsoft Office/Creating and Editing a Presentation
- Microsoft
- Official website
- PowerPoint team blog at MSDN Blogs
- Office 2010 product guide
- PowerPoint Viewer
- Microsoft Mouse Mischief—a PowerPoint add-in
- Third-party
- Microsoft PowerPoint at DMOZ
- Robert Gaskins's website, one of the PowerPoint developers
- PPT Search Engine


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Note: Formula GT3 Carbon Fiber Mirrors and GTC-300 S2000 Spec Wing are not included with the S2-GT Widebody Aerodynamic Kit.
This Aerodynamic Kit Includes:- Widebody Front Bumper- Carbon Fiber Wind Splitter/Undertray- Widebody Front Fenders (45mm)- Widebody Side Skirt- Widebody Rear Fenders and Gas Door (50mm)- Widebody Rear Bumper
The S2-GT Widebody Aerodynamic Kit for the Honda S2000 brings the performance of a grand touring racecar to the street. To improve overall handling and traction, this aerodynamic kit increases +45mm per front fender and +50mm per rear fender allowing for massive front wheel sizes of 18ââ¬Âx9ââ¬Â with 265/35/18 profile tires and rear wheel sizes of 18ââ¬Âx10ââ¬Â with 285/30/18 profile tires.
To enhance stability, the S2-GT Widebody Aerodynamic Kit includes a carbon fiber front wind splitter that is designed as a front undertray. The optional 67ââ¬Â (1,700mm) GTC-300 S2000 Spec adjustable rear wing adds downforce on the rear wheels to increase rear-end stability.
APR Performance is a company that produces a wide variety of performance products for todays cars. The company has been manufacturing and designing aftermarket performance parts since 1999. Their products are tested so they can prove their strength and performance on the race track. Throughout the years, APR Performance has been designing and manufacturing durable and lightweight products that look good and improve performance.APR Performance is dedicated to producing high quality parts so they use a variety of well-made materials. For example, their adjustable wings include one of two types of airfoils made from either carbon fiber or lightweight aluminum. The side plates are made of carbon fiber, to keep the adjustable wings light, but durable. The billet aluminum base stands are made from 6061-grade aluminum. The stainless steel bolts will not rust or oxidize. The wings are polished to a superior finish. Every component that APR Performance designs and manufactures is done with the same high quality materials and to the same high standards as the adjustable wings. Along with individual parts, APR Performance offers complete aerodynamic kits for a variety of different cars like Corvettes and Mustangs. These aerodynamic kits include several body kit pieces made from carbon fiber. They include air dams and splitters, side rocker extensions, rear diffusers, rear deck spoilers, side mirrors, hood vents, as well as front fenders, rear fenders, and quarter panel vents. The company also creates wide body aerodynamic kits with other features like fuel doors and side skirts. The kits are dependent on the type of car make and model. Regardless of the products you choose for your car, you can trust that APR Performance crafts every piece to fit the specifications of each car make, model, and year.

subset: commoncrawl


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Product Details
Stührling Original Women's Diamond Chain-Bracelet Watch
- Movement type: quartz
- Case material: stainless steel
- Case diameter: 30mm–39mm
- Bezel material: stainless steel
- Band material: stainless steel
- Band dimensions: 0.55" x 7.5"
- Clasp type: jewelry-clasp
- Water resistance: 50 meters
- Full dimensions: 1.5" x 7.5"
About Stührling
In the 1800s, Switzerland experienced a renaissance of watchmaking. Word spread of a passionate horologist—one who studies the art and science of measuring time—who handcrafted the movements for expensive timepieces with obsessive precision. The legend of Max Stührling spread from his obscure village in the Vallée de Joux. Quickly, European royalty and A-list court jesters drove up the price of a Stührling watch to rival the annual salary of a working man. Stührling himself couldn't afford the pieces he produced. Plagued by money troubles and—according to rumor—a broken hand, he trained his 11-year-old son in his delicate art. But by the mid-20th century, the Stührling name was all but forgotten.
Then, at the turn of the 20th century, Max Stührling IV founded Stührling Original, determined to rekindle his ancestor's artistry. His company would start a tradition of "excellence and technological prowess" while accomplishing what the first Max Stührling never could—delivering his pieces to a broader audience. Today, the Stührling name is synonymous with a commitment to the master watchmaking tradition. Each artisan timepiece is crafted with strict Swiss supervision and precision engineering. The workshop is stocked with premium materials—316L surgical-grade stainless steel, top-grain genuine leather, custom-molded silicone rubber straps, and genuine crocodile and minotaur straps.
From quartz movement to luminous hands, we break down what makes a watch tick—and why you should get one.
For post-purchase inquiries, please contact customer support.
Sold by Groupon Goods. View the products FAQ to learn more.


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Various Artists King Jammy's The Rhythm King: 18 Dancehall Classics
King Jammy emerged from King Tubby's tutelage to become the most popular (and prolific) producer of the '80s in Jamaica, largely due to his innovative Casio-fueled style. This compilation brings together eighteen of his hottest hiccupping digital rhythms covered in honey-voiced singing. The grooves on this compilation are more laidback than modern ragga, with performances by Johnny Osbourne, Sugar Minott, Eek-A-Mouse and Horace Andy among others. Though most of the music is strictly based on digi-riddims, Jammy is tops at making electronic beats sound soulful. Modern electronic producers could learn a thing or two from these creations.


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Software Delivers Mobile Supply Chain and Logistics Operations
Airclic launched Food Perform, a SaaS-based product for improved delivery and payment processing in the food distribution industry.
Food Perform is the industry-leading product formerly known as 20/20 Delivery for Food Distribution being used by many leading food distribution companies. Food Perform can improve visibility in the mobile supply chain, eliminate paperwork and remove manual data entry processes. Food Perform also allows users to manage over, short and damaged (OSD) items as well as process payments in the field, a key requirement for the food distribution industry.
Airclic's Food Perform offers
- 360-degree insight into the entire food distribution process
- Real-time operational reports
- Graphical dashboards with maps views of business operations
- Ability to process payments and invoice in the field
- Perform "load confirmation"
- Advanced ability to track SLA performance measures


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As we walk through the Shelby American Collection in Boulder, every Cobra in this museum of racing cars and racing memorabilia tells us an amazing story. It might seem like the story happened a very long time ago, but when we walk out into the sunlight and find a new Shelby American Cobra waiting for us, we understand why the Cobra never goes out of date.
The Shelby Cobra is a tuner car, the kind of car that every American has in his imagination, a personal expression of speed that's been kludged together from whatever bits and pieces might be lying around. A tuner car is strong on imagination and maybe a little weak on thinking things through, but that's how we do it here in America.
Shelby American built this car alongside a range of Cobra and Ford Mustang models in its own facility in
Las Vegas. The Shelby Cobra is the most copied car on the planet, but this 50th Anniversary edition is the most unusual one we've ever driven. It very faithfully reproduces the simple body-on-frame chassis of the AC Ace and adds a cooking version of a small-block Ford V-8, just like the car that Carroll Shelby first hammered together overnight in the workshop of hot-rodder Dean Moon in 1962.
As we drive into the Rocky Mountains along Boulder Creek, the cool, dry air whips around the Cobra's cockpit, and we feel like we're more outside the car than in. The big steering wheel's vibration-absorbing wooden rim is pretty easy to deal with, although the numb brake pedal feels as if it were connected to drums instead of discs. With buggy-style transverse leaf springs in its suspension, the Cobra will get to hopping if you lean on it too hard, yet as Shelby American's Vince LaViolette (a former NASCAR Winston West racer) tells us, you just brake in a straight line, roll easily into the corner, and then hammer the gas when the car is pointed straight.
The Flyin' Miata Habu V-8 feels as if it's from a different century than the Shelby Cobra as it breezes through the corners of the Peak to Peak Scenic and Historic Byway. But really, this is a Cobra, too, only it's the kind of Cobra you'd put together if you had a late-model Mazda MX-5 Miata, a 430-hp Chevrolet LS3 V-8, a Tremec T-56 six-speed manual transmission, and a Ford 8.8-inch limited-slip differential.
Just like the Cobra itself (and any tuner car, for that matter), the Habu sounds like a crime against physics. Yet, not only is the weight distribution in this Miata hardtop convertible balanced at 52/48 percent front/rear, but overall weight has gone up only 240 pounds, to 2831 pounds. Even better, the Habu doesn't scare you the way any Cobra does, giving you a composed ride as well as crisp handling. Colorado tuner Flyin' Miata has been doing this conversion thing for some time. It shows in this utterly modern automobile that has the friendly personality of a Miata, only with the dark soul of a V-8.
If you've got your wallet out, see if you have the $69,995 it will take to get a rolling chassis of this Cobra with fiberglass bodywork from Shelby American ($134,995 for an aluminum body) and then look under the couch cushions to find the $10,000 to $20,000 or more it'll take to buy a Ford V-8 crate engine and get it installed. If you have $42,995, you can fly into Grand Junction, Colorado, go out to the Flyin' Miata shop in the middle of the peach orchard outside of town, and pick up your turnkey Habu V-8 from Keith Tanner, but only after you send him a used, third-generation Miata (Flyin' will also convert your first- or second-gen model).
Either way, you'll be celebrating the Shelby Cobra, which defines the whole tuner-car thing, now as then.


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Roundup: Best Rooftop Escapes
In the city, it's hard to find a quiet space outside unless you go up. Rooftops are the urban version of an open meadow—vast and calm. On top of a high-rise, the traffic below is distant and dim, and the sky seems much larger. We've rounded up a few examples of rooftop nests, from outdoor dining rooms to fully equipped cottages...
• 1 Jordan Ferney's Rooftop Dinner Party
• 2 Loftcube: Camping on the Rooftop
• 3 350 Square Foot Rooftop Cottage in NYC from the NY Times
• 4 Rooftop Hut by Hut Architecture
• 5 Nolita Penthouse and Rooftop Garden from New York Magazine
• 6 Roof Garden by mabarchitects
• 7 Neutra VDL House in Silverlake
• 8 Shawn Connell's Bushwick Roof
• 9 Rich People Rooftops
• 10 Marc and Lana's Big Dig House
Photos: Studio Aisslinger, Piotr Redlinski, Hut Architecture, Gregory Goode, Franky Antimisiari, Jordan Ferney, 7D7 Studio (Omar), Shawn Connell, Justin Williams, Jeannine Brennan


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Possible factory unlocked Apple iPhone 5 prices show up on Apple website
posted by Alan F. / Nov 05, 2012, 12:09 AM
The 16GB, 32GB and 64GB prices work out to $649, $749 and $849 respectively. While there is a chance that this is just a placeholder, Apple must have considered this a breach of some sorts since it has taken down the original images, replacing it with prices for unlocked Apple iPhone 4S and Apple iPhone 4 models. Once the Apple iPhone 5's global rollout is over, and the supply-demand equation is more in balance, Apple is expected to offer the factory unlocked variant of its latest smartphone in the United States.
While Apple currently doesn't sell an unlocked version of the Apple iPhone 5 in the states, the CDMA model sold by Verizon was found to work on the GSM networks of AT&T and T-Mobile. In addition, the AT&T model can be unlocked, and with an iTunes reset and a new nano-SIM card, can work over T-Mobile's pipeline where over 1 million unlocked iPhone units already run.
source: AppleInsider
$104.96 Apple iPhone 5 on Amazon
$90.00 Apple iPhone 5 on eBay
Related phones
PhoneArena Rating:
User Rating:
- Display 4.0" 640 x 1136 pixels
- Camera 8 MP / 1.2 MP front
- Processor Apple A6, Dual-core, 1300 MHz
- Memory
- Storage 64 GB
- Battery 1440 mAh(8h 3G talk time)
26 Comments
1. brandonrana
Posts: 57; Member since: Nov 04, 2012
Nobody cares!!! Except for sheeps! LUMIA 920 is what we r looking for ;)
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 12:18 AM 10
7. brandonrana
Posts: 57; Member since: Nov 04, 2012
Sorry forgot the nexus 4 too.. Best buy
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 1:15 AM 3
2. chronopc
Posts: 97; Member since: Oct 18, 2012
$649 for iPhone 5 vs. $349 for Nexus 4. Sure is expensive having that Apple logo on your phone.
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 12:23 AM 11
9. MeoCao unregistered
And I love that big beautiful screen, notification center, google now... ... Oh I forget that revolutionary PhotoSphere, sorry there are so many exciting features. Who cares about that apple partially ate by somebody else.
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 2:00 AM 2
23. khanrehan99
Posts: 13; Member since: Jul 30, 2012
Totally agree with you man. Android is always revolutionary and offers something with each new update as opposed to apple keep fixing "bugs". GO TEAM ANDROID!!
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 8:53 AM 0
Posts: 2610; Member since: Jan 25, 2009
Don't pretty much all high-end smartphones (except for the Nexus) have high price tags, not just the iPhone? Seems like every logo makes your phone more expensive. And the Nexus 4 is only a deal if you buy it retail. If it's true that companies like T-mobile will sell it for $200 w/o LTE then that would be a major rip-off. And aren't there 101 apps in both the Play Store and the App Store that have the same functions as Photo Sphere? Let's hold off on calling everything Google does revolutionary.
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 2:24 AM 1
3. KazEmpire
Posts: 39; Member since: Nov 07, 2011
649$ for 16GB Model? FTW! its the double of Nexus 4 Give me 1 good reason why i shouldnt pay less and get alot more?
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 12:23 AM 8
24. khanrehan99
Posts: 13; Member since: Jul 30, 2012
There is no reasons except if you are a sheep haha,,,NEXUS ALL THE WAY!!
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 8:55 AM 1
4. nak1017
Posts: 328; Member since: Jan 08, 2010
What's an "Unlockled"?
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 12:30 AM 4
6. KazEmpire
Posts: 39; Member since: Nov 07, 2011
it means you can use on any carrier in the world.
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 1:09 AM 0
5. Savage unregistered
This is daylight robbery. Making this phone costs no more than $200. Ain't paying thrice the price just for "quality"
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 12:32 AM 3
10. Nikolas.Oliver
Posts: 1574; Member since: Jul 01, 2012
That is not expensive enough, in my country the 16gb iPhone 5 sells for $1000...
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 2:22 AM 1
16. thelegend6657 unregistered
It's probably because of taxes . Here in Malaysia we have no tax for phones and tabs . But our automotive tax is crazy ! It cost USD 106K just to buy the Mercedes e200 base model with no options ticked
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 4:28 AM 0
20. Nikolas.Oliver
Posts: 1574; Member since: Jul 01, 2012
no no...because the iPhone 5 hasn't been sold in my country yet, maybe january 2013, it's a "black-market" version so the seller can ask any amount they want, "THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO PAY FOR AN IPHONE 5, DEAL WITH IT OR YOU WON'T GET YOUR HANDS ON IPHONE 5" i live in indonesia Apple products are usually pricier in developing countries, and cheaper in developed countries, in the meantime. the nexus 4 will be sell for 550 bucks in my country, yeah im not kidding, because my country has no google play store, you all who was born in the states are very lucky :( take me there right f**kin now
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 6:23 AM 2
22. Nikolas.Oliver
Posts: 1574; Member since: Jul 01, 2012
it is ! 1000000000000% lucky ! i wanna move to us !
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 8:16 AM 0
25. khanrehan99
Posts: 13; Member since: Jul 30, 2012
Dude, dont make a phone that much of a serious deal. There are many other things you can focus on. I mean i know its nice to have high end new electronics to play with but paying over $1K is ridiculous and a complete waste of your hard earned money.
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 8:58 AM 1
12. fistigons
Posts: 368; Member since: Feb 11, 2012
Noob question: If you buy an unlocked phone and then put it on a network does it then become locked? If so how easy is it to unlock? I know if you buy a phone from a carrier they can unlock it for you after your contract is up, but since you aren't on a contract with an unlocked phone it seems like it shouldn't lock.
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 3:02 AM 0
18. Berzerk000
Posts: 4275; Member since: Jun 26, 2011
If you buy a factory unlocked phone your carrier can't lock it if you put it on their network, at least to my knowledge
posted on Nov 05, 2012, 4:38 AM 0
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Special Events
Robert Archambeau Drawings and Vessels
Friday, May 3, 2013 to Thursday, May 30, 2013
Meet Robert Archambeau at the opening reception: Friday, May 3, 6-9pm
If you admired the sublte wood-fired glazes and meticulous finishes of Robert Archambeau's ceramic vessels featured in the exhibition Drawn and Fired, here is your chance to own one yourself. The Gallery Shop is presenting a show and sale of the work of this influential artist who has been a leading force in Canadian ceramics for over fifty years.
In 2003 Robert Archambeau became the first Manitoba artist to be recognized with the prestigious Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts.
Gallery Hours
- Tuesday 11am-5pm
- Wednesday 11am-5pm
- Thursday 11am-5pm
- Friday 11am-9pm
- Saturday 11am-5pm
- Sunday 11am-5pm
- Closed Monday


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Natural Magic
|Magic 101
|Natural Magic, Caster, Caster link, Juice, Scroll, Magic Item, Spell, Grandiocosmic Strings, H-strings, Channels, Nodes, Dictums
Caster proficiency: Novice – Adept – Master
|Oh dear, it seems this article isn't up to scratch and could use some improvement. You can help Erfwiki by improving it.
Article still missing many different types of natural magic.
Proposed Canon
Whereas in the Real World magic can roughly be defined as some non-natural means to alter the environment, people or things within it, Erfworld defines Magic a bit differently.
In Erfworld, pretty much all abilities to effect the environment, people, or things is thought of as some form of magic. Thus, any unit which is not a Caster but is able to do things to alter its environment without "casting spells" is using "natural magic."
In short, natural magic is the innate "magical" ability that some animals, people, etc, have to create effects related to that type of magic.
A real world stock broker then, would be using some sort of natural Moneymancy and so on.
There is debate, both in the fandom and within the canon itself, as to what types of "natural magic" exist, and what area of magic a certain thing falls under. For instance, Jack and Wanda have discussed the question of whether or not love is a form of natural magic. Jack believes that it is not.
List of Natural Magic
- Natural Lookamancy:
- Units spot others with their eyes as in Page 107{{Erf|1|107}
- Natural Dirtamancy:
- Natural Dollamancy:
- Natural Shockmancy
- Some weather effects and even falls have been described as Natural Shockamancy.
- Falling[1]
- Natural Foolamancy
- Per the character Vinny Erf-b1.5-p037, Signamancers claim that all Stuff is Foolamancy and thus it is Natural Foolamancy used by non-casters and casters alike. Bodies and all the things seen and touched are only Signs: symbols of their true nature, aka what they *are*. Hence a person's appearance is a Sign and it tells how the person thinks about themselves and how others see them.
- Natural Flower Power:
- Love (debated) LIAB Text 10
- Whether Love is a form of Natural Magic was debated by Jack and Wanda. Per the Proposed Canon (above), Natural magic is defined as all/any abilities for a thing or person to affect the environment, people, or things. Wanda has asserted that she sees Love as a form of Natural Magic ergo she views Love as a Magic which eminates from one being and affects another being's feelings of Love for a subject. Jack has asserted that Love is not Magic ergo he views Love as something else and a question is what is that other that Jack sees Love as.
- It is easy to see why Wanda would make this statement from her past actions. She has used a combination of physical appearance (Foolamancy) to make herself perceived to be something other than she *is* and a Suggestion Spell (Thinkamancy) to affect the feelings of another, Jillian, and heighten those feelings. When this failed, she treated its subject as someone who had jilted her 'love' as opposed to overcome her spell. Wanda appears to confuse and hold greater care for her personal desires of how she wants others to *feel* above what the other beings actually do feel themselves. Hence she confuses her attempts to control others' feelings, as a reciprocal or mirror image of Love felt for another being and ergo thinks that Love is something that one being can in essence inflict on another (which may play into her BDSM appearance...Natural Foolamancy being a reflection of what she actually *is*) presumably for the purpose of controlling them.
- Both from Erfworld and Earth, it is easy to see examples where Love eminates entirely from within a being without the subject that the Love is for, or any other being, having any awareness the Love exists. Hence Love, as a force, appears to emanate purely from within a being, and affects how that being feels independent of the subject of that Love or another third party and thus isn't a mirror image or reciprocate of anything external. It appears probable that Jack, the foolamancer has a clearer vision than Wanda on this subject because Jack experiences keenly the difference between appearance designed to make an object/viewer feel or react in a specific way (Foolamancy) versus care of another as they actually *are* (Love). As a final note: it is possible for an object (self) to Love a subject (also the same self) for what that self really *is* and this too need not be confused in anyway with appearance, Foolamancy or Thinkamancy created to control oneself to feel a specific way, aka Narcissism.
- Natural Healomancy:
- Altruist and Lofty elves' healing abilities
- Units healing all hits at dawn.
- Natural Moneymancy:
- Conversion of Gems into Shmuckers
- Purchasing of units by Natural Allies and possibly Barbarians (which then pop into existence the next Turn.)
- Natural Predictamancy:
- Intuition LIAB Text 38
- Battlespace determination IPTSF Text 27
- Natural Rhyme-o-mancy
- Natural Signamancy:
- Love (debated) LIAB Text 10
- presumably where a unit's natural form evokes a sign, such as a graceful bird or a spooky bat.
- Natural Stuffamancy:
- Natural Thinkamancy
- Duty
- Loyalty
- Obedience
- Love (debated) LIAB Text 10
- Natural Allies knowledge of their Chief/s will LIAB Text 4
- Natural Changemancy:
- Natural Date-a-mancy:
- Natural Dirtamancy:
- Natural Foolamancy:
- Seeing unit stats
- Natural Rhyme-o-mancy
- Natural Signamancy:
- Natural Turnamancy:
- Natural Weirdomancy:


text:
My former colleagues attorneys David Rivkin and Darin Bartrum have a lengthy and scholarly article in yesterday's National Review Online arguing that both the U.N. Security Council and the U.S. Congress have already authorized the use of force to effect a regime change in Iraq. In 1990, the Security Council adopted resolutions authorizing the use of military force to drive Saddam from Kuwait and "to restore international peace and security in the area." Rivkin and Bartram argue that, because peace and security have not been restored, the U.N. resolutions remain in place. For its part, Congress authorized the use of force to effectuate the Security Council resolutions against Iraq. Since those resolutions remain in effect, so too does the Congressional authorization. Indeed, both President Clinton and the current President Bush launched smalll-scale attacks on Iraqi targetrs under this law.
Rivkin and Bartram also contend that, even without authorization from the Security Council and the Congress, the U.S. has the right to attack Iraq. As a matter of international law, they rely on the doctrine of "anticipatory self-defense." Perhaps the most interesting part of the article is the discussion of the historical precedents for this doctrine. They range from attacks by English warships on ports in Spain to forestall the Spanish Armada to President Kennedy's actions during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Finally, Rivkin and Bartram refute the notion that the president can't initiate the use of force without authorization from Congress.
Rivkin and Bartram may well be correct on the law. Politically, though, the fact remains that Congress has never endorsed a large-scale military action against Iraq under the present circumstances, as opposed to those that existed more than ten years ago. And the true justification for war has changed. Then it was Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait; now it is anticipatory self-defense. Other things being roughly equal, it is a good idea to put this matter to a vote in Congress before going to war, as the first President Bush did.
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"Arise and take our stand for freedom as in the olden time." Winston Churchill
"Proclaim Liberty throughout All the land unto All the Inhabitants Thereof." Inscription on the Liberty Bell


text:
yi-0.6.5.0: The Haskell-Scriptable Editor
A simple text mode; it does very little besides define a comment syntax.
We have it as a separate mode so users can bind the commands to this mode specifically.
abstract :: forall syntax. Mode syntaxSource
ireaderMode :: Mode syntaxSource
ireadMode :: YiM ()Source
Produced by Haddock version 2.10.0


text:
Golfers are still being sought for Butch & Jan's 12th annual Labor Day Charity Golf Scramble, which will take place at Alden Pines Country Club.
Jan Green said 12 years ago she asked Butch (Waring) what he wanted to do on Labor Day, which he replied, "Let's get a few people together and play golf."
That first year attracted 24 players.
They decided to turn the get-together into a charity event the second year in conjunction with the Kiwanis Club. The event was called the Steve Dunlap Memorial Tournament, which raised $1,000 for a Kiwanis scholarship. Green said they also started donating $1,000 to the Pine Island Moose Lodge in his name for the scholarship as well.
She believes the golf scramble benefited the Kiwanis Club and Moose Lodge for five years before the organizations stopped awarding the scholarship.
Green said they decided to turn the tournament into a Pine Island charity scramble, with the winning team choosing which charity on the island would receive the proceeds. She said in years past the teams have decided to give money to F.I.S.H., Beacon of H.O.P.E. and an individual who was experiencing medical problems.
Fact Box
If You Go:
What: Butch & Jan's 12th annual Labor Day Charity Golf Scramble
When: Monday, Sept. 3 with shotgun start at 8:30 a.m.
Where: Alden Pines Country Club, 14261 Clubhouse Drive in Bokeelia
Fee: $30 per person
"Helped her through a tough time there," Green said.
She said they have given away more than $15,000 to island charities.
The biggest scramble they have held since its inception included 123 players and the smallest occurred last year with 84 players.
"Come out and play," Green said.
The event will be held Labor Day, Sept. 3, with a shotgun start at 8:30 a.m. at Alden Pines Country Club, 14261 Clubhouse Drive, in Bokeelia. Players are encouraged to have their team at the country club by 8 a.m. for check-in.
The registration fee is $30 per person. That fee includes $5 that goes towards the prize money, $5 that goes towards a Pine Island charity and the remaining $20 goes towards the fees of playing golf.
A team of four can play in the tournament. If an individual does not have a team, he/she will be paired up with others.
Players will be playing for first and second place. A drawing will be held for the third and fourth place winners.
"The winner usually gets around $1,000," Green said.
The scramble, she said, will include eight special events, which includes longest drive, closest to the pin and closest to the line.
A 50/50, raffle drawings and door prizes will be included in the event.
The organizers of the event are also seeking gently used items for the door prizes. Those who wish to donate an item can call Green or Waring at 239-283-3669.


text:
kitchenremodelingorangecountygurus.com to Your Remodeling Rescue
Prior to any work begins, the standard kitchen remodel in Highlands-baywood Park, California takes many factors into consideration. With kitchen remodeling near me, the layout of the room is the first design element. Each one of these elements are essential aspects of operating a successful kitchen.
The solution to all those failures will allow for the creation of a new kitchen plan that is successful. Your original configuration might have been the traditional double sink using a faucet that was standard. Your kitchenremodelingorangecountygurus.com designer suggests an extra deep ceramic farmhouse sink using a pot filler faucet. This new look will accommodate extra tall containers and large pots. She or he might also include a pullout or pull down a touch less one faucet, a side spray or a wall.
The following issue in your kitchen the designer attempts to correct may be the configuration that is cooking. The home owner may have one oven. A double oven may be preferable should they love to bake for large groups. The challenge could be with the cook top, especially in the event gas is preferred by the homeowner and is stuck with an electric stovetop. Subsequent to this change is incorporated by the designer into the design, the type of gas cook top is chosen. The home owner may desire a stove that is separate or stand alone. They may end up.
You may not have drawers that are adequate or cabinetry for storage. Deeper cabinets and drawers could be incorporated into the new cabinet layout after explaining this problem to the kitchenremodelingorangecountygurus.com designer. Your wall cabinets could be increased from 12 inches allowing you to store a lot more items in overhead cabinetry.
The lighting improvements for your home will probably be based on the work station changes you make. Every work station needs lighting that is appropriate. Pendant lighting may be needed by an island, while a countertop could possibly be lit using an individual overhead fluorescent light. You may desire a more modern look with ceiling pocket lamps and focused pendant or track lighting. Inside or under cabinet lighting cabinet lighting are the other options you may decide to exercise.
Flooring and wall treatments are the final changes you are going to want to institute. Kitchen floors might be very important to cover. Bamboo flooring is an eco- . It comes with 50 year warranties that are residential. These floors are resistant; they're friendly and safe, or so the average kitchen floor in Highlands-baywood Park, California will look beautiful for decades. Vinyl tiles and ceramic tiles are the most common kitchen floor. The kitchen flooring options include laminate stone, concrete, flooring and rubber floors.
kitchenremodelingorangecountygurus.com LAYOUT PLANNING
Kitchen layouts will begin together with the work triangle, the refrigerator, sink and stove placement. If several people operate at the same time in your kitchen, you can need a space. You may require an area for cleaning, cooking along with a section for eating. A galley or corridor style kitchen has a single aisle down the middle of a space that is limited. With cabinets on both sides of the aisle, needed storage can be added by adding an island. The L-shaped, U- G and shaped -shaped kitchens are. There's a way. Explain your needs that are unique and allow the kitchenremodelingorangecountygurus.com designer to create suggestions about the improvements.
kitchenremodelingorangecountygurus.com USE OF THE NEW DRAWER
Kitchens are become more and more organized with the advent of a drawer for each need.
USE NEW TECHNOLOGY IN YOUR kitchenremodelingorangecountygurus.com RENOVATION
The latest advances in technology include the Sweepovac that's installed in kitchens in Highlands-baywood Park, California. It sucks the dirt up and eliminates the need for a dustpan by sucking up the dirt for disposal. Innovation in refrigerator technology allow for adding Wi-Fi so while in the kitchen, families can order take out as well as connect to social media. Horizontal cabinets with top hinges are becoming the alternative to the rectangular cabinet with doors. Engineered stone looks realistic enough to replace the real thing. Texture is from backsplash tiles to countertops and cabinet fronts.
THE FINALIZED kitchenremodelingorangecountygurus.com PROJECT
When you do your final walk-through, it's important that you use all the equipment and test each appliance. Turn every one of the lights off and on. Look closely at every detail. Sign off on the contract when you're satisfied that everything has been completed correctly and make your final payment.
kitchenremodelingorangecountygurus.com is an all-in-one kitchen rehab center. Our staff completes everything from the initial planning of your kitchen rehab through to the finished project. We put together the most desirable and functional advanced kitchens after deciding upon a new kitchen layout. We remodel homes expertly while following the general guidelines of tastes and client preferences. And, most importantly we create strikingly beautiful kitchens which are completed within our clienta??s budgeting constraints.


text:
Nah...I"M not 40!
Just been married that long!
Pete and I were sorta high school sweethearts.
I met him when I was 16 and just going into my junior year.
He had just graduated that June and was off to the local community college.
We got married the September after I graduated, and our 1st born, Giselle, was born 18 months later.
Gina, our 2nd, was born 2 1/2 years later.
Quite honestly, we were a train wreck.
A divorce waiting to happen.
Stupid, selfish, immature, and ungodly.
Pretty much says it all.
Long story short...
I got saved, born again, in February of 1978.
The conviction of the Holy Spirit was SO real.
Pete followed shortly thereafter, in May that same year.
There was no turning back.
Forever changed.
I ALWAYS testify that the ONLY reason we are still married is His mercy and grace.
I can still hardly believe He saved a wretch like me.
The worst of all sinners.
For truly, I once was lost, but now I'm found.
I was blind, but now I see.
After we got saved we had 3 more children.
Krystal, now 28.
Sam, now 21.
Avery, now 18.
Ignore the silly dates in the corners of some of these....
I didn't know how to change the date thingy on my digital camera!
Oh, if only I knew way back then what I know now.
What I would do differently.
Love more.
Laugh more.
Worry less.
Fear not.
Discipline differently.
Repent more often.
Say "I'm sorry", and mean it.
Love more.
Oh, yeah...I already said that one.
Bears repeating.
But...you know what?
His grace is sufficient and His mercy is everlasting.
I love you, Farmboy.
And I'd do it all over again.
In Christ alone,
PS...And, lest you think everything is hunky dunky after 40 years, let me assure you, it is not!
And we put our trust in Him.


text:
For best printing results turn on "Print background colors and images" in your browser settings.
The photos and videos shown here may be of a different model, model year or body type from the one selected. The ratings of one vehicle often apply to other models if they are built on the same platform. In addition, a test of a vehicle from one model year may apply to earlier or later model years if the vehicle hasn't been significantly redesigned.
The Hyundai Accent was redesigned for the 2012 model year.
The driver's space was seriously compromised by intruding structure. Lower interior intrusion measured as much as 28 cm at the lower hinge pillar. Upper interior intrusion measured 19-22 cm at the hinge pillar and instrument panel. The steering column was pushed back 9 cm toward the driver.
Measures from the dummy indicate that injuries to the left hip, left knee, and left lower leg would be possible in a crash of this severity. Head acceleration from the instrument panel hit was low.
The dummy's head barely contacted the frontal airbag before sliding off the left side as the steering column moved 16 cm to the right, resulting in little airbag cushioning for the chest. Additionally, the seat belt allowed excessive forward excursion of the dummy's head and torso, contributing to the head hitting the instrument panel. The side curtain airbag deployed but does not have sufficient forward coverage to protect the head from contact with forward side structure and outside objects. The side torso airbag deployed.
How this test is conducted
Measures taken from the dummy indicate a low risk of any significant injuries in a crash of this severity. Head acceleration from the A-pillar hit was low.
Dummy movement was well controlled. The driver side curtain and side torso airbags deployed during the crash. During rebound, the dummy's head contacted the side curtain airbag and the top of the A-pillar.
Driver — Measures taken from the dummy indicate that rib fractures and/or internal organ injuries plus a left femur fracture would be possible in a crash of this severity.
Passenger — Measures taken from the dummy indicate that rib fractures and a left femur fracture would be possible in a crash of this severity.
Driver — The dummy's head was protected from being hit by any hard structures, including the intruding barrier, by a side curtain airbag that deployed from the roof.
Passenger — The dummy's head was protected from being hit by any hard structures, including the intruding barrier, by a side curtain airbag that deployed from the roof.
In the test, the strength of the roof is determined by pushing a metal plate against one side of it at a slow but constant speed. The force applied relative to the vehicle's weight is known as the strength-to-weight ratio. This graph shows how the ratio varied as the test of this vehicle progressed. The peak strength-to-weight ratio recorded at any time before the roof is crushed 5 inches is the key measurement of roof strength.
A good rating requires a strength-to-weight ratio of at least 4. In other words, the roof must withstand a force of at least 4 times the vehicle's weight before the plate crushes the roof by 5 inches. For an acceptable rating, the minimum required strength-to-weight ratio is 3.25. For a marginal rating, it is 2.5. Anything lower than that is poor.
Manual cloth seats (AHR)
How this rating is determined
IIHS doesn't track or investigate vehicle defects. Use this link to search the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's database for recalls on this or any other vehicle.
©1996-2018, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Highway Loss Data Institute | www.iihs.org
IIHS-HLDI in the Classroom
An educational resource for students and teachers


text:
When Tim Berners-Lee arrived at CERN, Geneva's celebrated European Particle Physics Laboratory in 1980, the enterprise had hired him to upgrade the control systems for several of the lab's particle accelerators. But almost immediately, the inventor of the modern webpage noticed a problem: thousands of people were floating in and out of the famous research institute, many of them temporary hires.
"The big challenge for contract programmers was to try to understand the systems, both human and computer, that ran this fantastic playground," Berners-Lee later wrote. "Much of the crucial information existed only in people's heads."
So in his spare time, he wrote up some software to address this shortfall: a little program he named Enquire. It allowed users to create "nodes"—information-packed index card-style pages that linked to other pages. Unfortunately, the PASCAL application ran on CERN's proprietary operating system. "The few people who saw it thought it was a nice idea, but no one used it. Eventually, the disk was lost, and with it, the original Enquire."
Some years later Berners-Lee returned to CERN. This time he relaunched his "World Wide Web" project in a way that would more likely secure its success. On August 6, 1991, he published an explanation of WWW on the alt.hypertext usegroup. He also released a code library, libWWW, which he wrote with his assistant Jean-François Groff. The library allowed participants to create their own Web browsers.
"Their efforts—over half a dozen browsers within 18 months—saved the poorly funded Web project and kicked off the Web development community," notes a commemoration of this project by the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California. The best known early browser was Mosaic, produced by Marc Andreesen and Eric Bina at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA).
Mosaic was soon spun into Netscape, but it was not the first browser. A map assembled by the Museum offers a sense of the global scope of the early project. What's striking about these early applications is that they had already worked out many of the features we associate with later browsers. Here is a tour of World Wide Web viewing applications, before they became famous.
The CERN browsers
Tim Berners-Lee's original 1990 WorldWideWeb browser was both a browser and an editor. That was the direction he hoped future browser projects would go. CERN has put together a reproduction of its formative content. As you can see in the screenshot below, by 1993 it offered many of the characteristics of modern browsers.
The software's biggest limitation was that it ran on the NeXTStep operating system. But shortly after WorldWideWeb, CERN mathematics intern Nicola Pellow wrote a line mode browser that could function elsewhere, including on UNIX and MS-DOS networks. Thus "anyone could access the web," explains Internet historian Bill Stewart, "at that point consisting primarily of the CERN phone book."
Erwise came next. It was written by four Finnish college students in 1991 and released in 1992. Erwise is credited as the first browser that offered a graphical interface. It could also search for words on pages.
Berners-Lee wrote a review of Erwise in 1992. He noted its ability to handle various fonts, underline hyperlinks, let users double-click them to jump to other pages, and to host multiple windows.
"Erwise looks very smart," he declared, albeit puzzling over a "strange box which is around one word in the document, a little like a selection box or a button. It is neither of these—perhaps a handle for something to come."
So why didn't the application take off? In a later interview, one of Erwise's creators noted that Finland was mired in a deep recession at the time. The country was devoid of angel investors.
"We could not have created a business around Erwise in Finland then," he explained. "The only way we could have made money would have been to continue our developing it so that Netscape might have finally bought us. Still, the big thing is, we could have reached the initial Mosaic level with relatively small extra work. We should have just finalized Erwise and published it on several platforms."
ViolaWWW was released in April of 1992. Developer Pei-Yuan Wei wrote it at the University of California at Berkeley via his UNIX-based Viola programming/scripting language. No, Pei Wei didn't play the viola, "it just happened to make a snappy abbreviation" of Visually Interactive Object-oriented Language and Application, write James Gillies and Robert Cailliau in their history of the World Wide Web.
Wei appears to have gotten his inspiration from the early Mac program HyperCard, which allowed users to build matrices of formatted hyper-linked documents. "HyperCard was very compelling back then, you know graphically, this hyperlink thing," he later recalled. But the program was "not very global and it only worked on Mac. And I didn't even have a Mac."
But he did have access to UNIX X-terminals at UC Berkeley's Experimental Computing Facility. "I got a HyperCard manual and looked at it and just basically took the concepts and implemented them in X-windows." Except, most impressively, he created them via his Viola language.
One of the most significant and innovative features of ViolaWWW was that it allowed a developer to embed scripts and "applets" in the browser page. This anticipated the huge wave of Java-based applet features that appeared on websites in the later 1990s.
In his documentation, Wei also noted various "misfeatures" of ViolaWWW, most notably its inaccessibility to PCs.
- Not ported to PC platform.
- HTML Printing is not supported.
- HTTP is not interruptable, and not multi-threaded.
- Proxy is still not supported.
- Language interpreter is not multi-threaded.
"The author is working on these problems... etc," Wei acknowledged at the time. Still, "a very neat browser useable by anyone: very intuitive and straightforward," Berners-Lee concluded in his review of ViolaWWW. "The extra features are probably more than 90% of 'real' users will actually use, but just the things which an experienced user will want."
Midas and Samba
In September of 1991, Stanford Linear Accelerator physicist Paul Kunz visited CERN. He returned with the code necessary to set up the first North American Web server at SLAC. "I've just been to CERN," Kunz told SLAC's head librarian Louise Addis, "and I found this wonderful thing that a guy named Tim Berners-Lee is developing. It's just the ticket for what you guys need for your database."
Addis agreed. The site's head librarian put the research center's key database over the Web. Fermilab physicists set up a server shortly after.
Then over the summer of 1992 SLAC physicist Tony Johnson wrote Midas, a graphical browser for the Stanford physics community. The big draw for Midas users was that it could display postscript documents, favored by physicists because of their ability to accurately reproduce paper-scribbled scientific formulas.
"With these key advances, Web use surged in the high energy physics community," concluded a 2001 Department of Energy assessment of SLAC's progress.
Meanwhile, CERN associates Pellow and Robert Cailliau released the first Web browser for the Macintosh computer. Gillies and Cailliau narrate Samba's development.
For Pellow, progress in getting Samba up and running was slow, because after every few links it would crash and nobody could work out why. "The Mac browser was still in a buggy form,' lamented Tim [Berners-Lee] in a September '92 newsletter. 'A W3 T-shirt to the first one to bring it up and running!" he announced. The T shirt duly went to Fermilab's John Streets, who tracked down the bug, allowing Nicola Pellow to get on with producing a usable version of Samba.
Samba "was an attempt to port the design of the original WWW browser, which I wrote on the NeXT machine, onto the Mac platform," Berners-Lee adds, "but was not ready before NCSA [National Center for Supercomputing Applications] brought out the Mac version of Mosaic, which eclipsed it."
Mosaic was "the spark that lit the Web's explosive growth in 1993," historians Gillies and Cailliau explain. But it could not have been developed without forerunners and the NCSA's University of Illinois offices, which were equipped with the best UNIX machines. NCSA also had Dr. Ping Fu, a PhD computer graphics wizard who had worked on morphing effects for Terminator 2. She had recently hired an assistant named Marc Andreesen.
"How about you write a graphical interface for a browser?" Fu suggested to her new helper. "What's a browser?" Andreesen asked. But several days later NCSA staff member Dave Thompson gave a demonstration of Nicola Pellow's early line browser and Pei Wei's ViolaWWW. And just before this demo, Tony Johnson posted the first public release of Midas.
The latter software set Andreesen back on his heels. "Superb! Fantastic! Stunning! Impressive as hell!" he wrote to Johnson. Then Andreesen got NCSA Unix expert Eric Bina to help him write their own X-browser.
Mosaic offered many new web features, including support for video clips, sound, forms, bookmarks, and history files. "The striking thing about it was that unlike all the earlier X-browsers, it was all contained in a single file," Gillies and Cailliau explain:
Installing it was as simple as pulling it across the network and running it. Later on Mosaic would rise to fame because of the <IMG> tag that allowed you to put images inline for the first time, rather than having them pop up in a different window like Tim's original NeXT browser did. That made it easier for people to make Web pages look more like the familiar print media they were use to; not everyone's idea of a brave new world, but it certainly got Mosaic noticed.
"What I think Marc did really well," Tim Berners-Lee later wrote, "is make it very easy to install, and he supported it by fixing bugs via e-mail any time night or day. You'd send him a bug report and then two hours later he'd mail you a fix."
Perhaps Mosaic's biggest breakthrough, in retrospect, was that it was a cross-platform browser. "By the power vested in me by nobody in particular, X-Mosaic is hereby released," Andreeson proudly declared on the www-talk group on January 23, 1993. Aleks Totic unveiled his Mac version a few months later. A PC version came from the hands of Chris Wilson and Jon Mittelhauser.
The Mosaic browser was based on Viola and Midas, the Computer History museum's exhibit notes. And it used the CERN code library. "But unlike others, it was reliable, could be installed by amateurs, and soon added colorful graphics within Web pages instead of as separate windows."
A guy from Japan
But Mosaic wasn't the only innovation to show up on the scene around that same time. University of Kansas student Lou Montulli adapted a campus information hypertext browser for the Internet and Web. It launched in March, 1993. "Lynx quickly became the preferred web browser for character mode terminals without graphics, and remains in use today," historian Stewart explains.
And at Cornell University's Law School, Tom Bruce was writing a Web application for PCs, "since those were the computers that lawyers tended to use," Gillies and Cailliau observe. Bruce unveiled his browser Cello on June 8, 1993, "which was soon being downloaded at a rate of 500 copies a day."
Six months later, Andreesen was in Mountain View, California, his team poised to release Mosaic Netscape on October 13, 1994. He, Totic, and Mittelhauser nervously put the application up on an FTP server. The latter developer later recalled the moment. "And it was five minutes and we're sitting there. Nothing has happened. And all of a sudden the first download happened. It was a guy from Japan. We swore we'd send him a T shirt!"
But what this complex story reminds is that is that no innovation is created by one person. The Web browser was propelled into our lives by visionaries around the world, people who often didn't quite understand what they were doing, but were motivated by curiosity, practical concerns, or even playfulness. Their separate sparks of genius kept the process going. So did Tim Berners-Lee's insistence that the project stay collaborative and, most importantly, open.
"The early days of the web were very hand-to-mouth," he writes. "So many things to do, such a delicate flame to keep alive."
Further reading
- Tim Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web
- James Gillies and R. Cailliau, How the web was born
- Bill Stewart, Living Internet (www.livinginternet.com)


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The Whole World in Their Hands
Laura Clay-Ballard 5/18/2005 5:55:18 AMIncredible! Simply incredible!
Tammy Scott 5/18/2005 6:10:32 AMAwesome shot, Lisa! And a perfect description about having children! You defintely look at life in a different light once you have them! #1364425
Tammy L. Odell 5/18/2005 6:35:27 AMWonderful shot Lisa!!!!!!Great pose with the baby!! #1364543
Michelle Lea Guinn 5/18/2005 6:39:13 AMbeautiful portrait,Lisa!!! mlg #1364559
S J 5/18/2005 7:09:18 AMExceptionally beautiful portrait, Lisa!! So cute!! #1364655
Dale Ann Cubbage 5/18/2005 7:22:19 AMVery beautiful and sweet, Lisa! I love shots like this!
da #1364705
Lori Ditlefsen 5/18/2005 7:47:16 AMVery sweet, Lisa! #1364818
Shelly A. Van Camp 5/18/2005 8:11:55 AMReally cute, Lisa! Shelly #1364965
Alisha L. Ekstrom 5/18/2005 8:39:51 AMFabulous capture. I love both the mom & dad's hands there sharing the moment! Great pose!!!:) #1365034
Paul Michko 5/18/2005 8:55:16 AMVery cool capture, Lisa. #1365068
Carla Metzler 5/18/2005 9:00:28 AMWonderful image, Lisa! #1365082
Lisa Deaton 5/18/2005 9:49:34 AMThank you all so much for looking and commenting. I must say, newborns is just about my favorite thing to photograph!!! #1365196
Photographer 5/18/2005 2:07:59 PMAbsolutely beautiful Lisa, I just love it! #1365886
Diane Addonizio 5/18/2005 5:26:56 PMWonderful image, Lisa! #1366436
Colette M. Metcalf 5/18/2005 5:46:14 PMJust beautiful, Lisa!!! #1366490
Kara L. Hendricks 5/18/2005 6:44:11 PMOh my goodness Lisa.. This is outstanding.. Wonderful newborn image.. I LOVE THIS!!!! #1366695
cj patterson 5/19/2005 3:48:52 AMbeautiful! #1367576
Lisa Deaton 5/19/2005 7:07:05 AMThanks Reine, Diane, Colette, Kara and CJ for your comments. I appreciate you taking the time to look!!! #1368280
Lori S. Aschbrenner 6/21/2005 4:30:08 PMCongratulations, again, Lisa!! #1499155
Tammy Scott 6/21/2005 5:14:00 PMAnother great finalist! Congratulations, Lisa! #1499708
Laura E. OConnor 6/21/2005 6:02:24 PMBeautiful, Lisa! CONGRATULATIONS! #1500247
S J 6/21/2005 7:11:56 PMCongratulations on this outstanding Finalist, Lisa!! So very cute!! #1500934
Kara L. Hendricks 6/21/2005 8:48:53 PMThis is wonderful Lisa.. Best of luck and congrats!!!!!!! #1501605
Debra Curran 6/21/2005 8:50:09 PMVery nice work! Congratulations!
What's the VP ambiance filter? #1501612
Evy Johansen 6/22/2005 4:34:38 AMOMG.... what a wonderful image, Lisa! Many congratulations on your well deserved finalist! #1503359
cj patterson 6/22/2005 6:49:09 AMCongratulations on this well deserved finalist!!! #1504366
Lisa Deaton 6/22/2005 1:41:17 PMThank you all so much for your wonderful comments. I loved this photo and the little girl who posed was so precious. :) #1506812
Virginia L. Allison 7/6/2005 5:40:48 PMBeautiful shot and beautiful written word. They do become your whole life...and the stay your whole life. Brought a huge smile to my face and lots of memories. Thanks. #1563123
Lisa Deaton 7/9/2005 9:39:32 AMThanks Virginia, I feel so lucky to have had the oportunity to take this photograph. Thanks for your comments. :) #1573658
Luis Louro 8/6/2005 4:09:55 AMWOW!!!! Lisa... this is awesome!!! #1683748
Lisa Deaton 8/6/2005 6:41:47 AMThanks Luis, I really appreciate your comment! :) #1684347
Stan J. Bendkowski 9/14/2005 6:45:20 AMCongratulation, Lisa. Beautiful photo! #1835784
Lisa Deaton 9/15/2005 1:59:19 PMThanks Stan. :) #1841895
When you have a child, they become your whole world. Your whole world changes, never to be the same, and thankfully so. Studio lights, camera 1/125th sec at F8. Changed to B&W in PS7, Ambience filter in VP.
Uploaded on 5/18/2005 5:45:23 AM
Copyright for this gallery photo belongs solely to Lisa Deaton. Images may not be copied, downloaded, or used in any way without the expressed, written permission of the photographer.
Log in to follow or message this photographer or report this photo.


text:
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text:
MIAMI SHORES, Fla. – When Sr. Jeanne O'Laughlin asked Dr. Eileen McDonough to serve as Barry University's Faculty Athletics Representative over 31 years ago, the one-time chemistry professor had one question for the school president at the time.
"I said, 'What is that?'" McDonough asked.
"Sr. Jeanne never wanted to go into details. She said, 'Oh honey, call the NCAA.' I called, and they said, 'Oh, we'll send you a little book.'"
Some 30 years later, McDonough has her handle on the appointment O'Laughlin gave her over three decades ago for a school that began as Barry College for Women.
"Actually, it's been 31 years," McDonough was certain to clarify. "I started a year earlier in the fall of 1983."
In the 30-year anniversary of Barry University athletics, McDonough is the only Faculty Athletics Representative Barry has ever appointed. She began her career at the school as a chemistry professor in August of 1970. Still going strong, McDonough, who works out during her lunch periods, has helped carry Barry athletics and its eligibility requirements into the new millennium and beyond.
"In the beginning, I did everything, but we had fewer athletes than we do today," she said. "My job changes as coaches change. Each new coach goes through a training period dealing with paperwork. Today the NCAA Eligibility Center is much more complex."
As the Faculty Athletics Representative, McDonough is responsible for making sure all of Barry's student-athletes meet academic certification requirements. She works with the NCAA Eligibility Center to facilitate the necessary paperwork to get Barry athletes cleared so they can perform on the playing surface.
In 1992, when Hurricane Andrew hit the Miami area, with McDonough responsible for all of the eligibility requirements – she since has received assistance at Barry – a volleyball player from Coral Gables High School needed clearance in a hurry. Problem was, most of Miami-Dade County was without electricity.
The NCAA informed her it needed to receive something in writing from Coral Gables High that the student-athlete had completed all of the requirements. With nobody in the office at the high school, McDonough helped coordinate a plan to have the coach and the high school's administrator meet at the school – in the dark, mind you – to get a signed letter, stating the student-athlete in question had completed the requirements.
The NCAA accepted the hand written letter on Coral Gables High letterhead, and the student-athlete was cleared to play after McDonough sent it on to the NCAA office in Indianapolis. It was until late October that year that Barry finally received the student-athlete's transcripts.
Today, that student-athlete would never be cleared as quickly and easily.
"That's just an example of how things have evolved," McDonough said, sitting atop her third floor office in the university's student affairs suite in the Landon Student Union building as part of the School of Human Performance & Leisure Sciences.
"I think values and ethics enter into it. You have to follow the certification rules."
The NCAA abides by a good standing policy, where freshmen must have a 1.8 cumulative grade point average. Sophomores must have a 1.9. Barry's standards are a tad more stringent. Students at Barry must have a 2.0 and must complete a minimum of 24 hours during the fall and spring semesters in order to compete.
"I give my best opinion to the coach whether a transcript is going to cut it," McDonough said, adding she will make recommendations and advise the student-athletes and coaches on which courses to take to meet requirements. "I don't personally turn away anyone."
An NCAA study revealed the greater number of credits a student-athlete has the more they are retained by the institution. That has always been Barry's intent.
"I'm happy when students get awards, they're successful and they graduate," McDonough said. "I, personally, think they have to go out of their way to not be successful."
Barry has never exempted a student-athlete, although there are certain exceptions when McDonough assists the student-athletes acquire waivers through the application process. When McDonough, then-Athletic Director Ed Coletti and then-women's soccer coach and current Director of Athletics Michael L. Covone sat down to devise policies for Barry's student-athlete academic standards, they didn't want to give any free passes.
"Sr. Jeanne said, 'We're in Division II, we're a Catholic university. The press would love to get something on us. I want to make sure the students you bring in are good students, and will get their degree,'" McDonough recalled.
Hence the reason Barry has always maintained a policy of mandating students to carry a 2.0 cumulative GPA to remain in good standing in order to compete.
"The toughest part of my job is telling a kid and a coach that the kid is not eligible. That's No. 1," McDonough said. "No. 2 is trying to get the Eligibility Center to hurry up and get the kids eligible because they have competition coming up."
McDonough works with roughly 60 new student-athletes each year. Barry signs roughly 25 of them on a yearly basis, not because they're not eligible, but because they sometimes decide on other schools.
"What I like to happen is the coach brings the prospect to me because I like to talk to them," McDonough explained. "I just explain the process to them. If they have their high school transcripts with them, I can talk to them about what they might be missing. The high schools had a five-year transition where they were going from 14-core courses to 16, so sometimes they get lost in the shuffle."
Couple that with the international policies and regulations, and McDonough has her share to keep up with for each new student trying to get admitted to Barry University.
"A lot of my time is communication between the coach, the prospect and what is missing," she said.
McDonough, who earned a bachelor's of science in chemistry from Chestnut Hill College, a master's of science from Marquette, a master's of business administration from Barry and a doctoral degree in higher education administration from Nova Southeastern, still teaches in the school of education. She instructs courses for master's and doctoral students in higher education administration.
"I just believe Barry is a good place that a marginal student coming in can be successful," McDonough said. "I think Barry was balanced before the NCAA talked about the balance."
Maybe that's the best way to describe the chore McDonough oversees in steering a student-athlete in the right direction.
"When prospects and parents come in, I show them this," McDonough said, holding up a photo of a group of student-athletes at Barry's graduation ceremony, decked out in cap and gown. "It's just as important to us as it is to them that they graduate."


text:
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- Length:4.75"
- Diameter:0.50"
- Material:Brass
- Weight:2.66 oz.
- Ink Color:Black
- Ink Cartridge:Fisher Space Pen
- Designer:Matthew Martin
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- Mechanism:Cap
- Model:500
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This fine handcrafted Matthew Martin Tactical Cap Pen is made from brass with a titanium pen tip, glass breaker and pocketclip. It features a well balanced design with a fine thread pitch cap that can be threaded on either end of the pen. The reverse side has an effective point for striking and compliance techniques. Includes a pocket clip made from 6Al4V Titanium.Features:
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The Metropolitan Transportation Authority had declared the ATO "ready to go" as early as fall 2006, but L trains have been operating in ATP-Manual mode (similar to cab signals) since January of that year on segments of the line where CBTC had been cut in. Motormen remain on board to initiate train starts. They respond to an alerter that starts beeping after 20 seconds; if the signal is not acknowledged, the train goes into penalty braking after 10 seconds. The alerter feature, which replaces the traditional "deadman's" function, had been a sticking point between NYCT and the Transport Worker's Union. NYCT had also initially wanted to operate trains with one person (motorman only, no conductor), but the TWU fought against that also, arguing that both practices would be unsafe. Canarsie Line trains continue to operate with two-person crews, whether in ATP-Manual or ATO.
MTA hopes the $326 million project will allow tighter headways and increased train frequency. The L line was chosen in part due to its relative operational isolation as a self-contained subway line, making installation and testing procedures easier to monitor and evaluate.
MTA New York City Transit and its prime consultant, Parsons-led ATSG (Advanced Technology Signals Group), devised an innovative method of securing interoperability. It involved awarding a "Leader" contract and one or more "Follower" contracts, the intent of which is to have Followers ensure that their systems are interoperable with that of the Leader.