text:
Auto-configure a Let's Encrypt certificate
Bitnami already includes a small tool that takes care of generating a valid certificate using Let's Encrypt and configuring the web server to use it. That tool uses lego to run the Let's Encrypt certificate generation commands. You can find the script inside the /opt/bitnami/letsencrypt/ directory.
Execute the following command to auto-configure a Let's Encrypt certificate in your stack for a domain, both with and without the www prefix. Replace the YOURMAIL and YOURDOMAIN placeholders with your current email and with the new domain name you want to set.
$ sudo /opt/bitnami/letsencrypt/scripts/generate-certificate.sh -m YOURMAIL -d YOURDOMAIN -d www.YOURDOMAIN
NOTE: You can use more than one domain by specifying the -d option as many times as domains you want to specify. When supplying multiple domains, Lego creates a SAN (Subject Alternate Names) certificate which results in only one certificate valid for all domains you entered. The first domain in your list will be added as the "CommonName" of the certificate and the rest, will be added as "DNSNames" to the SAN extension within the certificate.
This video shows you how easy it is to generate a valid certificate for your stack using the Bitnami auto-configure Let's Encrypt tool:
To add one or more domains to an existing certificate, delete the existing certificates, restore the Bitnami configuration and execute the command again to generate a new certificate, remembering to include the new domain(s) with additional -d options in the command line. The following commands illustrate the process. Replace the YOURMAIL, YOURDOMAIN and YOUROTHERDOMAIN placeholders with your current email address, the current domain name and the additional domain name to be added.
$ cd /opt/bitnami/apache2/conf/
$ rm -rf YOURDOMAIN*
$ cd bitnami
$ sudo mv bitnami.conf.back bitnami.conf
$ sudo /opt/bitnami/letsencrypt/scripts/generate-certificate.sh -m YOURMAIL -d YOURDOMAIN -d www.YOURDOMAIN -d YOUROTHERDOMAIN
NOTE: If your Bitnami image does not include the Let's Encrypt auto-configuration script, you will need to manually generate and install the Let's Encrypt certificates following this alternative approach.


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My Journey - A guide to university study
Starting your degree can be daunting for new students, so we want to help ease your transition to study and uni life with our step-by-step study guide to your first semester at UON.
This guide provides personal, social and academic tips to help you:
- Prepare for study.
- Belong to the university environment and settle in to life at UON.
- Know the best ways in which you learn and prepare for exams.
- Succeed in your exams.
Use this exercise worksheet (PDF, 1.93MB) to help step you through this first year guide. Take notes to help you discover the best ways you study and learn.
Prepare yourself personally for your studies:
- Have a sense of purpose – ask yourself why you chose to study at university.
- Know your personal strengths.
- Have realistic expectations about uni - the more realistic your expectations, the easier it will be to settle in to uni life.
- Understand the transition process as a new student - take the time to get used to your new learning environment.
- Know your campus
- Make yourself at home and explore your campus environment.
- If you're having trouble finding your way around campus during orientation, our friendly staff are here to help.
- For a detailed view of our campuses, see our campus maps:
- See below for further information about our campuses:
- Get your Student ID card and find out about travel concessions.
- Keep fit and healthy to keep you on top of your studies and help to maintain stress levels.
- Seek support when you need it.
- Prepare for uni costs.
- Organise your accommodation.
Find out more on preparing yourself for university during Orientation.
See below for some tips to get you socially prepared for uni life and meet friends:
- Get to know other new students through activities and workshops during orientation.
- Get involved with campus life and check out our campus entertainment.
- Join a club or society that interests you.
- Check out our sport and recreation facilities.
Prepare yourself academically for your studies:
- Get online and know the essential online systems you'll be using on a daily basis.
- Set up a study space and desk at home.
- Stay organised and plan ahead:
- Put together a timetable of all class and study time, as well as work and sport commitments, your social agenda and free time for yourself each week. This will help you plan ahead for assessments and exams and allow sufficient preparation time.
- Make time for study:
- Most full time students study four courses per semester. As a general guide, students should allocate 10 hours of study per week for each course. This includes your time in lectures, labs or tutorials and you will need to schedule in research and reading time to support this learning.
- Take the Uni Ready Quiz to help get you prepared for Uni study.
- Understand how you learn best.
- Develop your study skills.
- Get help from fellow students with our peer assisted study sessions (PASS).
Your attitude towards university matters and can affect how you study, your academic performance and your sense of belonging to UoN. It's normal to experience mixed emotions about starting uni - you may feel initially overwhelmed, then excited by the challenge.
Our support services are here to help you along the way:
- counselling
- support
- if you're considering postponing your studies or leaving university (PDF, 70KB) find out about your options and solutions.
- careers counselling
- chaplaincy
- Get involved with campus life at UON.
- Join a club or society and check out our sport and recreation facilities.
- Create a support network. Know your formal and informal networks at uni and at home.
- Who are these people and how do they support you?
- During your studies, you may need to work in groups for assignments or in tutorials or labs. Groupwork can be an effective way to belong academically at uni. You may find it easier to understand tasks, and you can share your ideas and listen to different perspectives.
- Get to know your lecturers, tutors in your school and faculty. Ask your lecturers for advice if you have questions about your courses.
- Get to know other students in your classes.
- Ask questions in class and participate in discussions.
- Get familiar with Blackboard in UoNline – it's how your lecturers and tutors will communicate your course information with you.
- See ways to better belong academically at uni through the University Toolbox of Academic Survival Skills (PDF, 715KB).
- During your first semester, you will hopefully feel more comfortable with your new learning environment.
- By weeks six or seven, you've most likely received feedback on your first assessment. Whether good or bad results, take this opportunity to improve your academic and study skills, and see ways of dealing with procrastination (PDF, 73.9KB) if this is getting in the way.
- Keep your work-life balance in check. If you study full time and have a part-time job of more than 12 hours per week, or you have family commitments, reassess your study load to ensure you're keeping up with your uni work.
- By mid semester you're no doubt enjoying uni life, making great new friends and finding yourself more comfortable speaking with your tutors and lecturers.
- Form a study group to share your learning experience.
- Find study strategies that best suit the way you learn.
- A successful
- is highly motivated
- views learning as their own responsibility
- uses deep processing study strategies
- is a self-regulated learner who controls and monitors their own learning.
- Give yourself enough time during the semester to prepare for your end of semester exams and final assessments. See exam preparation tips and tips on surviving first year exams.
- If required, it may be possible to withdraw from your course up until the last day of semester.
- During the exam period, your friends will most likely be studying and your social life might slow down for a few weeks.
- Keep your family in the loop of your approaching exams and ask for their support.
- Join a study group to prepare for your exams.
- Prepare for your exams or final assessments by attending a study workshop, and survive your first year exams.
- Reflect on first semester after your exams and final assessments are finished. What you have learnt so far about your degree and about yourself as a learner?
- What does university success mean to you?
- Increasing ability to navigate uni.
- Friendships and peer networks at uni.
- New or modified study skills.
- Grades.
- Personal growth.
- Getting closer to career goals.
- What study strategies have worked best for you so far? What strategies have you changed or developed since starting uni?
- Check out more tips for success (PDF, 628KB).

subset: commoncrawl


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Fees, outsourcing and procurement: the way forward?
The days of 15% gross commissions – 17.65% on cost – are long gone. Commission levels have receded to around 12% gross for full service, including media planning and buying, or, as we put it, Media Investment Management. Production commissions have largely been reduced or eliminated, although there are interesting procurement opportunities for agencies themselves in television production.
While commissions persist, fees are becoming more popular with clients, although that momentum seems to have slowed recently. They now represent at least 75% of our business. Usually time-based, with incentives, they are used almost exclusively in our marketing services business, which accounts for 56% of our revenues. In advertising, they account for well over half of our business.
Fees have a number of advantages and, on balance, we prefer them. They are not seasonal, in a business where spending tends to be concentrated in the second and fourth quarters. January, however, has generally become a more rewarding month. If clients cut or do not spend or continually re-brief us, we still get paid.
Finally, when fee-driven, we tend to plan our annual business better. Fees have also tended to dampen volatility in our operating margins. In the most recent cycle, our margins peaked at 14.5% and bottomed at 12.3%. In this cycle, they have already reached 16% ('old' UK GAAP basis). In the previous cycle in the early nineties, they peaked at 10.5% and bottomed at 5.6%.
I cannot remember a time, in the 30 or so years I have been in the industry, when clients have been so focused on cost. Given overcapacity, low inflation and lack of pricing power, and high management turnover and, most importantly, the current economic crisis, that is perhaps understandable.
However, the question remains whether the procurement process can successfully purchase creative services in the way door handles or widgets are bought. The emphasis on procurement seemed to start in the pharmaceutical industry and then moved elsewhere. It may work in media buying, where there are clearly economies of scale, but not necessarily in media planning or other creative areas.
It is true we must improve our processes and eliminate waste, but can you buy ideas or our people's creativity in such a mechanical way? Increasingly, pressure on price will drive our best creative resources to clients and categories where their services are rewarded appropriately. Many marketing clients still appreciate that great advertising ideas and copy deliver outstanding results. Reducing marketing costs indiscriminately, particularly in industries with heavy fixed production costs, will only result in having to spread those costs over fewer unit sales.
The procurement process seems to be based on the idea that what we provide is low value-added, and that, because we are dependent on significant revenues from large clients, we can be squeezed. This thinking may be flawed. First, what we do is critical. There is a limit to how far costs can be reduced; but there is almost no limit (apart from 100% market share) to how far you can grow revenues. Second, in an increasingly undifferentiated world, what we do – differentiate products and services, tangibly and intangibly – is becoming more and more important, particularly in the slower-growth markets of the US and Western Europe, where overcapacity, commoditisation and retail concentration are more pressing issues.


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South African Journal of Science
versión On-line ISSN 1996-7489
versión impresa ISSN 0038-2353
S. Afr. j. sci. vol.108 no.5-6 Pretoria ene. 2012
Detection and eradication of Spongospora subterranea in mini-tuber production tunnels
Jessica WrightI; Alison K. LeesII; Jacquie E. van der WaalsI
IDepartment of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
IIThe James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom
Powdery scab, a root and tuber disease caused by the pathogen Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea (Sss), poses a major problem to potato producers worldwide because it affects potato quality. Inoculum can be seed-borne or originate from contaminated growing media or contaminated equipment. During 2006, a potato mini-tuber production facility in Ceres in the Western Cape Province of South Africa had an outbreak of powdery scab. The purpose of this study was to detect Sss in the production facility and identify the source or sources of contamination so that corrective measures could be taken to eradicate the pathogen. Swab samples were taken from numerous points in the facility in 2009 and Sss-specific primers (Spsl and Sps2) were used in a polymerase chain reaction to detect Sss. Of 11 surfaces tested, 6 were positive for Sss. A second set of swab samples was taken after efforts were made to eradicate the pathogen through improved facility hygiene measures to determine whether these corrective measures were efficient. Corrective measures resulted in a disease-free harvest from 2009 onwards. This novel study has value for the mini-tuber industry as production tunnels can be tested for the presence of Sss and other pathogens before planting to ensure that, where suitable control measures are available, disease-free mini-tubers are produced.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food crops, both in developed and developing countries. Over the past two decades, potato production has more than doubled in developing countries.1,2,3 Thus, there is an increasing demand for seed tubers that are true-to-type, disease-free and high yielding.4,5,6 In potato seed-tuber production, each cycle of newly produced tubers are progeny of plants that developed from previously planted seed-tubers. These are commonly known as potato seed-tuber generations. As potato seed-tubers are commercially produced in the field, each generation accumulates, and further transmits viral, fungal or bacteriological disease-causing agents to the next generation. Hence, as the age of the generations increases, the plant's production potential tends to decline.1 To reduce this problem growers use tissue culture multiplication, also known as mini-tuber technology.3,7 In this system, potato seed tubers are first multiplied in vitro via nodal cuttings in tissue culture and then in the field giving rise to true-to-type and disease-free plant materials.3,7
A disease of major concern to potato producers globally, including in South Africa, is powdery scab. This disease is caused by the obligate, plasmodiophorid pathogen Spongospora subterranea (Wallroth) Lagerheim f.sp. subterranea Tomlinson (Sss).8 The most common visible symptoms of powdery scab on tubers include purple-brown pimple-like swellings or necrotic spots, usually first observed at the rose end of the tubers, and the development of root galls.9,10,11 As the swellings increase in size, the epidermis ruptures.12 Mature lesions become hollow and filled with a powdery mass of sporosori (aggregates of resting spores), which can survive in growing media and soil for many years.11,13 When conditions are favourable,14 that is, when temperature is between 12 °C and 17 °C and free water is present, the resting spores (within the sporosori) release zoospores, which infect new host tissues.11 Powdery scab diminishes potato quality and marketability, which results in significant economic losses to growers.14,15,16,17
Infected seed tubers play an important role in the dissemination of Sss to areas where the disease was not previously present.18 Sporosori of the scab pathogen can, however, also be transmitted in infested growing media and/or on contaminated farm equipment.19,20,21 Thus, the most reliable management strategy for controlling powdery scab is to ensure the use of only pathogen-free seed tubers, the use of pathogen-free growing media and strict farm and production area hygiene.11
A number of techniques are currently used for the detection and quantification of Sss, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems, bioassays, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques and real-time PCR techniques.22,23 PCR can be used to detect Sss in infected potato roots and tubers, in infected symptomless host plant roots and in infested field soils as this technique is highly specific, relatively fast and reliable.15,16,24,25 PCR is of immense value in powdery scab disease management because it can be used to identify sources of powdery scab contamination.
Starting in 2006, a potato mini-tuber production facility in Ceres (Western Cape Province, South Africa) experienced a series of outbreaks of powdery scab. These outbreaks were the first report of powdery scab in this facility and no other diseases had previously been recorded from this facility. Several possible sources of inoculum were considered at the time, including contamination from the surrounding environment, the source of plant material used, water, workers and the growing media. Potatoes or other potential Sss hosts are not produced near the mini-tuber facility, nor have they been produced in the area in the past. The only agriculture that occurs within the surrounding area is fruit production. The fruit is predominantly citrus and fertilised with organic fertiliser and not compost. No animal farms are located in the immediate vicinity of the mini-tuber production facility.
Despite attempts at removing possible sources of pathogen contamination, by changing the growth medium, using chemically treated borehole water, placing copper sulphate foot baths at the entrance to the tunnels, installing new drippers and using new crates, powdery scab outbreaks continued in the following 2 years. Before planting in 2009, the management personnel of the tunnels requested help in determining the source or sources of powdery scab inoculum. The aim of this study was thus to trace the presence of Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea in the mini-tuber production tunnel and identify potential sources of contamination, so that corrective measures could be taken to eradicate the pathogen.
Materials and methods
Two sets of swab samples were taken from the potato production facility in Ceres. The first set of sampling was done in August 2009 and the second set in October 2009, after various measures were taken to eradicate the pathogen, based on the findings of the first sampling.
A number of swab samples (Transwab©, Medical Wire and Equipment, Corsham, Wiltshire, England) were taken from various surfaces throughout the production facility in Ceres. These surfaces included the concrete floor of the tunnels, the wooden bridge over the run-off channel, the run-off channel, water troughs, drain pipes, shade net, wet wall, the tunnel frame, the entrance floor to the tunnel, the outside wash bath and cleaned crates. Swab samples were transported in a cooler box and processed the following day.
Sample analysis
DNA was extracted from each of the swab samples using the ZR Soil Microbe DNA kitTM (Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA). PCR was carried out in a final volume of 25 μ containing 0.5 μ of dNTPs (250 μl of each dATP, dTTP, dGTP and dCTP) (Bioline, London, UK), 2.5 μ PCR reaction buffer (16 mM (NH4)2SO4, 67 mM Tris-HCE at pH 8.8) (Bioline), 0.25 μ Taq polymerase (1 U) (Bioline), 1.25 μ MgCl2 (2.5 mM) (Bioline) and 0.25 μ (0.5 ìM) Spongospora subterranea specific primers, Sps1 (5'-CCT GGG TGC GAT TGT CTG TT-3') and Sps2 (5'-CAC GCC AAT GGT TAG AGA CG-3'),15 which were designed to yield an amplification product of 391 base pairs. DNA template (5 μ) was added to each reaction.
A thermocycler and 200-μ thin-walled PCR tubes were used in the PCR process. The thermal profiles were initial denaturation at 95 °C for 2 min, followed by 35 cycles of melting (95 °C for 20 s), annealing (64 °C for 25 s) and extension (72 °C for 50 s) with a final cycle at 72 °C for 10 min. Amplified DNA, as well as positive and negative controls, were subjected to electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide and run alongside standard size markers (HyperLadder II, Bioline). The results were viewed under ultraviolet illumination. PCR reactions were repeated twice.
A total of 40 swab samples were taken during August 2009. After various measures were taken to eradicate the pathogen, a second set of 40 swab samples were taken during October 2009. Both sets of samples were collected from the same sites (Table 1).
Sample analysis
Of the 11 surfaces sampled in August, 2009, 6 tested positive for Sss. These six were the tunnel floor, the run-off channel, water troughs, drain pipes, the entrance floor and cleaned crates (Table 1).
Based on our findings from the first sampling, corrective measures were taken prior to the 2009 production period to eradicate the inoculum. These measures included the laying of a new concrete floor, new drippers, new pipes, use of new growing medium, new crates and sterilisation of all equipment and surfaces, including the outside water bath.
PCR analysis of the swab samples taken after the corrective measures were carried out indicated that Sss inoculum had been eradicated from the production tunnel.
The occurrence of powdery scab in this South African mini-tuber production facility was of great concern as the planting material used in this mini-tuber production facility was from a certified laboratory and good phytosanitary measures were followed, indicating that the Sss contamination was most likely introduced through the imported coconut peat. Coconut peat is organic in origin, which increases the possibility that it may harbour pathogens.6 Hanafi26 recently found that the sanitary quality of coconut peat is lower than previously presumed, because of its organic origin. Rolot and Seutin6 and Hanafi26 observed common scab (Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter) Lambert & Loria), powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) and even soft rots (Pectobacterium and Dickeya spp.) in mini-tuber production facilities as a result of contaminated organic growing media. Supporting the hypothesis that Sss contamination was most likely introduced through the imported coconut peat is the fact that no previous outbreaks of powdery scab had ever been reported at this facility until the use of coconut peat. However, after the outbreak of powdery scab in 2006, the mini-tuber facility destroyed the coconut peat, so PCR tests could not be conducted on the peat to conclusively prove that it was infested with Sss sporosori.
Ideal conditions for powdery scab development include high moisture and low temperature (12 °C - 17 °C).4,11,23 During the production of mini-tubers the temperature in the tunnels is maintained at 15 °C - 18 °C,2 thus favouring the development of powdery scab. As a result of the polycyclic nature of powdery scab,27,28,29 zoospores continue infecting roots and new zoosporangia develop in roots until the environmental conditions are no longer favourable.11,29
The results of this study confirm that the sporosori of Sss were able to survive in the tunnel in the absence of a host, from one season to the next.14 The sporosori that remained in the run-off channels, water troughs and the drain pipes were thus the most likely sources of primary inoculum that led to the re-occurrence of disease in the 2007 and 2008 seasons following the use of coconut peat as a growing medium. Corrective measures taken to eliminate the pathogen from the mini-tuber production tunnel resulted in a disease-free harvest from 2009 onwards.
This is a novel study that has significant potential for the potato industry, particularly the mini-tuber industry, as surfaces and equipment in production tunnels can be tested for the presence of Sss before planting, allowing ample time for the application of corrective measures if and where necessary. Producers should nonetheless ensure that growing material is pathogen free to prevent introduction of the powdery scab pathogen into tunnels. This study is the first in which swabs have been used for the detection of Sss; this method can be adapted and used to detect other potato pathogens in tunnels before planting to ensure that disease-free mini-tubers are produced and sold to specialist growers for later generation of high-quality seed tubers in the field.
We acknowledge the management of the production tunnels for allowing us to conduct this study, as well as the National Research Foundation, South Africa and Potatoes South Africa for financial support.
Competing interests
We declare that we have no financial or personal relationships which may have inappropriately influenced us in writing this paper.
Authors' contributions
J.E.v.d.W. was the project leader; J.W. was the student and performed the experiments; and A.K.L. cosupervised the research and made conceptual contributions.
1. Schulz S, Wells GJ, Baniya BK, et al. Decentralized on-farm seed potato production from pre-basic minitubers: A case study from Nepal. Exp Agr. 1998;34:487-495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0014479798004104 [ Links ]
2. Donnelly DJ, Coleman K, Coleman SE. Potato microtuber production and performance: A review. Am J Potato Res. 2003;80:103-115. http://dx.doi. org/10.1007/BF02870209 [ Links ]
3. Badoni A, Chauhan JS. A note on micro tuber seed production of potato: Necessitate steps for Uttarakhand Hills. Report and Opinion. 2009;1(5):9-11. [ Links ]
4. Ebbels DL. Incidence of tuber diseases in classified seed potatoes harvested in England and Wales, 1974-77. Plant Pathol. 1983;32:145-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1983.tb01313.x [ Links ]
5. Kotkas K, Rosenberg V. Disease eradication and propagation of the initial seed potato materials in Estonia. Potato Res. 1999;42:577-583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358174 [ Links ]
6. Rolot JL, Seutin H. Soilless production of potato minitubers using a hydroponic technique. Potato Res. 1999;42:457-469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358162 [ Links ]
7. Struik PC. The canon of potato science: 25. Minitubers. Potato Res. 2007;50:305-308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11540-008-9051-z [ Links ]
8. Braselton JP. Current status of the Plasmodiophorids. Crit Rev Microbiol. 1995;21:263-275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408419509113543, PMid:8688155 [ Links ]
9. Cook WRI. The parasitic slime moulds. The Hong Kong Naturalist. 1932;1:29-39. [ Links ]
10. Christ BJ, Weidner RJ. Incidence and severity of powdery scab on potatoes in Pennsylvania. Am Potato J. 1988;65:583-588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02908339 [ Links ]
11. Harrison JG, Searle RJ, Williams NA. Powdery scab disease of potato -A review. Plant Pathol. 1997;46:1-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-214.x [ Links ]
12. Genet RA, Falloon RE, Braam WR, et al. Resistance to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) in potatoes - A key component of integrated disease management. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Root and Tuber Crops: Food Down Under. Acta Hort. 2005;670:57-62. [ Links ]
13. Merz U, Walsh JA, Bouchek-Mechiche K, Oberhansli T, Bitterlin W. Improved immunological detection of Spongospora subterranea. Eur J Plant Pathol. 2005;111:371-379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-004-6330-7 [ Links ]
14. Van de Graaf P, Lees AK, Wale SJ, Duncan JM. Effect of soil inoculum level and environmental factors on potato powdery scab caused by Spongospora subterranea. Plant Pathol. 2005;54:22-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01111.x [ Links ]
15. Bulman SR, Marshall JW. Detection of Spongospora subterranea in potato tuber lesions using the polymerase chain reaction. Plant Pathol. 1998;47:759766. [ Links ]
16. Nakayama T, Horita M, Shimanuki T. Spongospora subterranea soil contamination and its relationship to severity of powdery scab on potatoes. J Gen Plant Pathol. 2007;73:229234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10327- 007-0008-x [ Links ]
17. Jeger MJ, Hide GA, Van den Boogert PHJF, Termorshuizen AJ, Van Baarlen P. Pathology and control of soil-borne fungal pathogens of potato. Potato Res. 1996;39:437469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357949 [ Links ]
18. Tsror L, Aharon M, Erlich O. Survey of bacterial and fungal seedborne diseases in imported and domestic potato seed tubers. Phytoparasitica. 1999;27(3):215226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02981461 [ Links ]
19. Muro J, Diaz V, Goni JL, Lamsfus C. Comparison of hydroponic culture and culture in a peat/sand mixture and the influence of nutrient solution and plant density on seed potato yields. Potato Res. 1997;40:431438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358003 [ Links ]
20. Merz U. Epidemiological aspects of powdery scab of potatoes caused by Spongospora subterranea. Paper presented at: Second Symposium of the International Working Group on Plant Viruses with Fungal Vectors; 1993 July 2527; Montreal, Canada. Denver, CO: American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists; 1993. p. 103106. [ Links ]
21. Iftikhar S, Ahmad I, Rattu A. Presence of Spongospora subterranea in soils of potato production areas in Gilgit and Hunza valley of Pakistan. Pak J Biol Sci. 2000;3:848849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2000.848.849 [ Links ]
22. Falloon RE. Control of powdery scab of potato: Towards integrated disease management. Am J Potato Res. 2008;85:253-260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12230-008-9022-6 [ Links ]
23. Van de Graaf P, Lees AK, Cullen DW, Duncan JM. Detection and quantification of Spongospora subterranea in soil, water and plant tissue samples using real-time PCR. Eur J Plant Pathol. 2003;109:589-597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024764432164 [ Links ]
24. McCartney HA, Foster SJ, Fraaije BA, Ward E. Molecular diagnostics for fungal plant pathogens. Pest Manag Sci. 2003;59:129-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.575, PMid:12587866 [ Links ]
25. Qu X, Kavanagh JA, Egan D, Christ BJ. Detection and quantification of Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea by PCR in host tissue and naturally infested soils. Am J Potato Res. 2006;83:21-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02869606 [ Links ]
26. Hanafi A. The sanitary quality of substrates: A key component in IPP and its potential role in the spread of invasive species of pests and diseases of greenhouse crops. Acta Hort. 2003;608:21-24. [ Links ]
27. Merz U, Martinez V, Schwarzel R. The potential for the rapid screening of potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) for resistance to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) using a laboratory bioassay. Eur J Plant Pathol. 2004;110:71-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EJPP.0000010123.21255.d1 [ Links ]
28. Merz U. Powdery scab of potato - Occurrence, life cycle and epidemiology. Am J Potato Res. 2008;85:241-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12230-008-9019-1 [ Links ]
29. Nitzan N, Boydston R, Batchelor D, et al. Hairy nightshade is an alternative host of Spongospora subterranea, the potato powdery scab pathogen. Am J Potato Res. 2009;86:297-303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12230-009-9083-1 [ Links ]
Correspondence to:
Jacquie van der Waals
Postal address: Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology
University of Pretoria
Pretoria 0002, South Africa
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Received: 01 Feb. 2011
Accepted: 18 Jan. 2012
Published: 16 May 2012


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Make a transverse cut through the testis and examine its internal architecture . Just deep to the visceral tunica vaginalis, which covers the anterolateral surface of the testis, identify the thick fibrous white capsule, called the tunica albuginea, which encircles the testis.
Identify the fibrous bands called septae that radiate from the posterior aspect of the testis, called the mediastinum testis. These septae divide the testis into the lobules. The spermatozoa-forming seminiferous tubules are contained within these lobules.
Links and References:


text: This may be an MPI problem, but I'm not sure so I'm posting it here and comp.parallel.mpi We are developing an application on a four node Beowulf while we wait for the remaining nodes to arrive. Speed-up has been close to predicted with -np 3 and 4 in a master/slave mode. But when I run at -np 2 the speed drops to approximately 1/4 of the original serial application. (On 4 nodes - that is 1 master and 3 slaves, we get about 2.5 times speed-up relative to the original application.) All runs produce the same answer. In the MPI code we have basic SEND, RECV, BCAST and REDUCE - nothing fancy. Does anyone know if any of these or other MPI functions run into problems with one to one master slave ration? Any other enlightenment would be welcome. Cheers, John Harrop


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I see. Does the USA have a fixed amount of years a patent is valid? (with or without the ability to extent it?) Because the patent is already 12yo (1998).
No announcement yet.
The VDrift Racing Game Continues Speeding Up
new posts
It's more like 14 years from the grant date for a design patent and 20 years for a utility or plant one.
There may be an offset to the drop-dead date given to Pharma based patents that Congress gives per statute where they offset the time spent in government testing so that they effectively have protection during the testing phases and then have the 14-20 years from the moment it's approved forward.
Patents are not renewable at the end of the term or under any of the other expiry situations that are present with them. As alluded to in the previous paragraph, they can be extended in some selected special cases. There is a maintenance feel that is owed during the duration of the life of the patent on a regular basis (about every 3 years...)- if you don't pay up, the patent expires. It's presumed that if you're not paying the maintenance fee, you're no longer interested in maintaining the monopoly it grants you for whatever reasons.
For most things, the story is 20 years from the date that it is granted. You can't use patented or patent pending on things that don't have a patent application pending or granted on a given thing. You have no protections in the normal sense of things if you don't have the patent granted- "patent pending" is truthfully of limited use, other than warning people that they may get cut off (if you can't prove proof of prior art preceding the patent application, you can be deemed to be infringing the moment the patent is granted...).
Now, this doesn't get into obviousness, patentability of software, prior art, etc. Each of these can invalidate a patent out of the gate. The big problem is how expensive it is litigating anything in the patent space- on either side of that courtroom. A patent is only worth the amount of money you can litigate it over. Trying to bust patents is only going to go as far as you've got deep pockets to fund that endeavor.
Does it need to change? YES. Not in terms, but in more what IS and ISN'T acceptable and lower the bar to entry to invalidate obviously incorrectly granted patents.
I understand what you're getting at and I agree if it involves a magic cancer cure, the GUI, etc... but this patent solely patents using floating points in devices that do 3D computations and have framebuffers. That is like patenting integers! Absolutely rediculous! This does not took more than literaly 3 seconds of 'research' whatsoever.


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- Building trustworthy relations with all.
- Value addition for all stakeholders.
- Making R.E.D. a 'Learners' Organization' through relentless awareness, reflection and analysis of the current reality.
- Creating role models of character, competence & commitment.
- Creating an environment where all REDians understand, believe-in and work for the collective mission.
"The primary aim of education is the manifestation of perfection already present in man and woman"
-Swami Vivekanand
We become what we dream with faith-filled action. We at R.E.D., believe that education should foster independent thinking, creativity, exploration and experimentation as a life-long process – All without compromising moral and ethical values. The purpose is to bring out and optimize the hidden potential of every child in the physical, intellectual, emotional and spiritual planes. We nurture young men and women of character, competence, attitude and passion and prepare them for a balanced, healthy, happy, ever-growing, international-minded, out-of-box thinkers living to make a contribution for making the society and the planet-earth a better place to live.


text:
Christmas Tree
by Serhiy Grabarchuk Jr.
The Christmas Tree shown in the illustration
contains exactly three equilateral triangles.
The object is to move three matches so that to get four equilateral
Move the matches dragging them, rotate the matches clicking them.
Overlapping of the matches is not allowed.
Step Through:


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For those of you who, like me, read Chaucer, Shakespeare and Thoreau, dabbled in differential calculus and English history, studied Plato or dissected a fetal pig, the news is upsetting but not surprising.
The value of a liberal arts education, long considered the solid foundation for an educated person, has been re-examined by some self-styled experts and downgraded.
Fewer collegians are choosing liberal arts majors, and the outlook is ominous for those who do.
Graduates with that traditional background are not attractive candidates for jobs in an age when the emphasis is on science, technology, engineering and math.
One gloomy analyst made this observation:
"Would-be liberal arts majors must face the reality that one of their few hopes for a future job is to teach their subject to the next generation and that competition for the few such specialized positions is going to be very intense."
I was an English major, in a program that stressed reading the great poets, novelists and playwrights, as well as writing essays and reports. I learned many things I haven't forgotten, but while it may have prepared me for adulthood, it didn't stress any marketable skills.
I learned my craft on the job and was fortunate to have that first opportunity, hired by an editor who must have detected something and was willing to take a chance.
English majors? Does any human resources specialist want them today?
My favorite comment about English majors was in the classic 1973 movie "Bang the Drum Slowly." Dutch Schnell, manager of the New York Mammoths, played by Vincent Gardenia, has suddenly learned that his catcher, Bruce Pearson, played by Robert DeNiro, is seriously ill. In the midst of a close pennant race, Dutch phones his former catcher, Red Traphagen, who is retired and teaching at a small college in the Midwest. He pleads with Traphagen to come back and "steady the catching."
Traphagen says he cannot because he has classes to teach.
"Teach?" says Dutch. "Whaddaya teach?"
"English," replies Traphagen.
"English?" answers Dutch. "What English? Everybody already speaks English."
I opened my college yearbook to see what were some of the major studies of my classmates. Here is a brief list of the favorites: history, economics, English, biology, French, art history, psychology and philosophy. Some went to graduate school while others were hired in various jobs.
One fraternity brother majored in Greek, and I always wondered how he would use that. He ended up owning a major manufacturer of fishing tackle.
Things are far different today, and that fact is reflected in a survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Education on degrees conferred in 2009-10. The study reported on 1,650,014 degrees in various areas, but there was no reference to the number of those who were successful in finding jobs. As has been widely reported, job opportunities for recent graduates are considered scarce in today's economy.
By far the largest category for new degrees was business, management, marketing and related services, with 357,354 graduates. That number dwarfed all other classifications, probably because each of those graduates dreams of a career as a corporate kingpin. The only other areas that had totals in six figures were social sciences, 137,582; health professions and related clinical sciences, 129,634; and education, 101,265.
We can conclude that the education category was primarily teachers and that health professions represented nurses and various technicians, as well as those destined to attend graduate schools. Social sciences is more difficult to define.
There were 53,231 English majors, twice as many women as men. It was gratifying to observe that English-the language that Dutch Schnell rightly noted everyone already speaks-still outranked foreign languages, literatures and linguistics, which totaled 21,516.
There is a separate grouping of 45,953 for liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities, which, when combined with English and foreign languages, presents a respectable total. If you tack on history, philosophy, physics and a few other classic disciplines, you can attain a somewhat formidable number.
Recent graduates are now in the job market, and if you are looking to interview and hire some promising talent to add to your staff, take a moment to consider the liberal arts majors. They could be described as generalists in an era when the emphasis is on specialists. But "general" and "liberal" aren't naughty words. Those are the people who, among various abilities, know how to construct a proper paragraph.
That sounds like a basic skill, but not everyone can do it.
Dick Hirsch is a longtime contributor to the Opinion page.


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I cranked up Tweetdeck early on Friday night to do my weekly check in. Unless I have a plan to implement I only check the feed about once a week.
I'm not really a user of Twitter, more a pusher. I mostly work with a bunch of other accounts than my main one.
But, when I heard that Pampers have a "follow me" request on every packet of nappies something clicked.
Don't get me wrong, Twitter was great when it first started, noise to signal ratio was very low and the exclusivity factor was attractive.
But the Pampers thing seemed to whiff a little.
I would still advise clients to cut traditional advertising and put it into new media, Twitter being one of those. Although you really need to know the landscape to truly use it to increase your ROI
Which is the point, right.
And you can use it effectively to promote your brand and develop a following.
Although I don't take on many clients these days I still have a healthy bunch to whom I can share cutting edge techniques with and the point about cutting edge techniques is that few people are actually doing them.
"Only dead fish go with the flow."
There are incredibly profitable techniques out there right now. And no I'm not going to give them away on a blog, even when I do tell people the process they don't quite get it. Some of it is extremely counter intuitive.
The point is if you are feeding where the rest of the herd are, you are going to be drinking muddy water, with the odd floater sailing by.
Twitter is one big, muddy trough. Most people don't mind that, and to be honest it's all they need.
Some need to be where the herd hangs out, nothing wrong with that. If you have thousands of followers and you can sell to them, it makes perfect sense.
Observing the social media scene as someone who uses it as a business tool, rather than the social aspect I see there are certain reasons that some platforms succeed and some fail, making gentle hissing noise as they go.
Most don't realise you can actually break most rules of social media and benefit from it. Too many "How to Tweet" books out there, which I find very useful when I need to nod off.
So, I thought I would break a few rules and throw something out there, just to see. Something that was a bit of nonsense.
I had the germ of an idea and probably in about 1 hour had bought a domain name, set up the web page, created a mailing list. I hadn't done this for years, I usually get someone else to do it and the speed surprised me.
I called it Slagster.com I will invent a juicy tale of how I came up with the domain later.
After a few jokes about Angel investors and a failed IPO and a lot of nonsense Tweeting from me – I'm sure some people thought that Charlie Sheen had hacked into my account – I noticed someone else had already signed up a Twitter account for Splagster (good luck with that) and a bunch of people signed up to the email, without knowing what the hell what it was about.
Until now.
I do have the germ of an idea, something simple, something tasty, something counter intuitive. Not something for the IM crowd, but something designed to make a lot of noise and be disruptive.
It's a challenge, and it's exciting.
And it probably wont happen.
But that's not the point. The point is to do something that sometimes does not make sense, even at the expense of attracting a few WTFs. It refills the reservoir and girds your loins. Not sure I want my loins girded, but anyway.
Splagster.com, it definitely will not be what you think, but sign up anyway.


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Wow, it's been a long time1 since I posted anything here. I never meant for that to happen.
Anyhow, the always amazing Natalie Metzger is hosting Month of Monsters, where people challenge themselves to create a monster a day for the month of October. Entries can take the form of a story, or a drawing, or whatever. I thought it might be a fun thing to try. My first post, Fnark in the Dark, is up now.2
Be sure to check out the rest of the posts as well!


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Download Universal printer driver PCL6 for Samsung
You can start downloading the Universal printer driver PCL6 for Samsung ver. 2.03.09.00:41 for Samsung SCX-4521F Printer. To start download file, click green «download» button on page below. We advise you to use a variety of download managers like «FlashGet» or «Download Master». Also, you can go back to the list of drivers and choose a different driver for Samsung SCX-4521F Printer.
To start the download, select one of the servers and click "download"
Version, Date:
2.03.09.00:41, 05.11.2012
Operation Systems:
Windows 8 x64, Windows 8 x32, Windows 7 x64, Windows 7 x32, Windows Vista x64, Windows Vista x32, Windows XP x64, Windows XP x32, Windows 2000
Other drivers:


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Club One's virtual weight-loss pilot program has helped participants lose weight and has increased memberships for the club company.
Club One, San Francisco, revealed the results of its program, Club One Island, in May at the Games for Health Conference in Boston. The conference explored the potential of video games and virtual reality as a means to improve health education and health care.
All 20 of the participants who completed Club One Island's 12-week program lost weight. The group's collective average weight loss of 8.08 pounds per participant outperformed the control group, which lost 5.98 pounds per participant. Eighty percent of the participants said that the pilot program worked better for them than any other program they had tried in the past.
Developed by Club One in 2008, Club One Island explores the possibilities of fitness in the virtual realm. The program incorporates avatar association, cognitive behavioral theory, gaming, social networking and community as a way to change behavior and improve lives. The program's 35 activities are divided into four segments: nutrition, movement, support and behavior change.
Participants log onto a computer, watch the avatars they've created as they perform various exercises and are guided by the program's online trainers about how to make healthier lifestyle choices.
Celeste DeVaneaux, creative director for Club One Island, says the program emphasizes social aspects, allowing participants to go online and discuss their struggles and successes in the virtual world, which translates to feeling more empowered outside of it
"Club One Island is often confused with a game, but the virtual world is different than a game because there's no real finish," DeVaneaux says.
Although sitting in front of a monitor may not sound like an effective way to lose weight, the idea behind Club One Island is to virtually experience activity before doing it physically. The program's nutrition and exercise classes reinforce healthy lifestyle choices. The program's positive reinforcement system helps change the way participants feel about becoming active, DeVaneaux says.
Club One Island is offered to members and nonmembers. At least two program participants have joined or reinstated their memberships at Club One.


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- Home /
- Peter Kater
Peter Kater
Peter Kater is a multi-platinum-selling pianist/composer and 9-time Grammy® Award nominee. He has scored the music for 11 Broadway and Off Broadway dramatic plays and more than 100 television programs and films including Civil War: The Untold Story, Sirius, 10 Questions for the Dalai Lama, and How The West Was Lost. Peter received the Environmental Leadership Award from the United Nations for his commitment to environmental stability.
Author photo © James R McCrea
Related Products
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SOURCE: TASER International
September 23, 2010 07:30 ET
TASER to Provide Digital Evidence Capture and Management System
SCOTTSDALE, AZ--(Marketwire - September 23, 2010) - TASER International, Inc. (NASDAQ: TASR), today announced the first sale of its revolutionary new evidence capture and management platform in the state of Minnesota. The AXON™ on-officer tactical computer records audio and visual evidence from the perspective of the officer, which is then transferred to EVIDENCE.COM™ where it is stored and managed.
"The AXON system provides the police officers view of what is occurring," said Burnsville Police Chief Bob Hawkins. "It is cutting edge technology that will bolster our case preparation, reduce court costs and eliminate false accusations against our officers. This is revolutionary technology that we are extremely excited about."
TASER will deliver AXON tactical computers and a SYNAPSE™ Evidence Transfer Manager (ETM) to Burnsville during the third quarter of 2010.
"This has been a cooperative effort with a very progressive law enforcement agency throughout an extensive test and evaluation program," said Tom Smith, Chairman and founder of TASER International. "A core mission of our company is to protect truth and this product reflects our commitment to provide innovative technologies that ensure accountability through the collection and protection of digital evidence. We know that AXON™ and EVIDENCE.COM™ will serve as powerful tools to protect truth at the Burnsville Police Department, the first law enforcement agency in the state of Minnesota to deploy this end to end digital evidence solution. Our technology will act as a force-multiplier by providing quick access to key evidence, reducing the review time of false complaints, and providing the community enhanced transparency. We anticipate that these efficiencies will ultimately save taxpayer dollars in the city of Burnsville."
The AXON™ is an integrated audiovisual recording system comprised of a headcam, communications hub, and tactical computer worn by the officer. Audiovisual evidence acquired by AXON is then transferred to EVIDENCE.COM, a cloud-based data repository, using SYNAPSE ETM. Together these technologies provide a seamless, highly secure, and efficient process for gathering and managing high-quality evidence. This system allows public safety and legal professionals to access data quickly and easily without compromising its integrity. Learn more at www.EVIDENCE.COM.
About TASER International, Inc.
TASER International, Inc., is the global leader in the development of technologies that Protect Life and Protect Truth. More than 15,500 public safety agencies in 40 countries rely on TASER electronic control devices (ECDs) to help protect and serve. TASER innovations benefit individuals and families too; providing personal protection and accountability while maintaining regard for life. TASER is committed to bringing advanced solutions to market, like TASER AXON and EVIDENCE.com -- powerful evidence capturing and management platforms. Learn more about TASER International and its products at www.TASER.com or by calling (800) 978-2737.
Note to Investors
To review the TASER International Safe Harbor Statement, please visit our Investor Relations Safe Harbor Statement at www.TASER.com/safeharbor.
CONTACT: Steve Tuttle Vice President of Communications TASER International, Inc. Media ONLY Hotline: (480) 444-4000
CONTACT: Steve Tuttle Vice President of Communications TASER International, Inc. Media ONLY Hotline: (480) 444-4000
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text:
I picked up this vintage time only JLC a couple months ago and would like some help in dating it.
It is a stainless steel, 31mm and has a manual Calibre P469A movement.
Thanks for the help.
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text:
Tributes for Oct. 26
Shane Alan Madsen
Nov. 27, 1970-Oct. 22, 2013
Age: 42
Residence: Greeley
Shane Alan Madsen was born Nov. 27, 1970, in Fort Morgan, Colo., to Gerald and Marilyn (Brandner) Madsen. He departed this life Oct. 22, 2013, at the age of 42 years, 10 months and 25 days.
Shane grew up on the eastern plains of Colorado in the town of Yuma, a community in which he made many lifelong friendships. Among the most cherished of friendships, was the one he shared with his older brother, Shawn. Shane often said his brother was his best friend.
He attended school in Yuma, graduating in May of 1989. He then moved to Greeley, where he attended Aims Community College and studied computer programming. Shane worked in the automotive sales industry for several years, until he switched careers when he began working as a service technician at Quality Well and Pump. He had found his calling in this profession.
Shane loved sports and was an avid participant in the sport of wrestling. He was a fan of football and loved the Raiders, even while living in Broncos country. Shane had an incredible sense of humor, appreciated the well crafted prank and had a contagious laugh that infected all around him.
The last few years of Shane's life were his most satisfying. He had a wonderful relationship with his adoring daughter, Ariana; and had found the love of a lifetime in his partner, Shelley. He made the absolute most of each day and approached every one of them with a positive attitude and a willingness to "pay it forward." He was the kind of man who brought out the best in those around him. His kind, generous, and accepting heart was an inspiration to all. He will truly be missed.
Shane is survived by his life partner, Shelley Bode of Greeley; daughter, Ariana Valdez of Westminster; his mother, Marilyn Madsen of Greeley; brother, Shawn Madsen of Greeley; nieces, Chandler and Kaenzie Marintzer of Greeley; grandfather, Lloyd Madsen of Windsor; and stepsister, Kim Sass Longworth of Hudson. Shane also leaves to mourn many more aunts, uncles, cousins, friends and coworkers.
He was preceded in death by grandparents, Rufus and Helen Brandner, Leona Madsen; and uncle, Jim Brandner.
A gathering of friends and family for Shane's celebration of life followed cremation.
Condolences may be sent to the family at http://www.adamsonchapels.com.
Bruce Wayne Moser
April 27, 1952-Oct. 24, 2013
Age: 61
Residence: Pueblo, Colo.
Bruce Wayne Moser, 61, of Pueblo, formerly of Hudson, passed away Oct. 24, 2013, in Pueblo. He was born April 27, 1952 to Norman Aulber and Marguerite Elizabeth (Heinze) Moser in Greeley.
Bruce graduated from Fort Lupton High School, Fort Lupton, Colo., in 1970. He farmed with his father and brothers in the Fort Lupton, Hudson and Briggsdale areas, most of his life, which he enjoyed the most.
Bruce is survived by his brother, Rick Moser, Hudson, Colo.; sister, Kathleen (Billy) Peake, Hudson, Colo.; nieces, Artina (Mike) Campbell, Kristina (Greg) Grabrian, Audrey (DJ) Dowdy, Michelle (Gary) Goodwin, and Stacy (Tim Chambers) Moser; nephew, Kevin (Lindsay) Moser; 11 great-nieces and nephews; one great-great-niece; and by several cousins, aunts and uncles.
He was preceded in death by his parents; brother, Gale Moser; grandparents, Ernest and Kathleen Heinze; and grandparents, Christ and Mary Moser.
Services will be held at 10:30 a.m. Tuesday, Oct. 29, 2013, at the Allnutt Macy Chapel, with interment at Linn Grove Cemetery.
Friends may view the online obituary and send condolences at http://www.allnutt.com.
Gregory "Greg" M. Stieber
Feb. 25, 1956-Oct. 4, 2013
Age: 57
Residence: Aurora, Colo., formerly of Weld County
At age 57, his family at his side, Greg Stieber died Oct. 4, 2013, following a decade long affliction with Scleroderma and accompanying Myositis.
Born in February 1956, to Rich and Marlene Stieber, Greg grew up with his sister and brothers in rural Fort Lupton, and attended grade and middle schools there.
Greg graduated from Weld Central High in 1974, and worked at the family John Deere business in Keenesburg, until he joined the state highway department in 1987. It was while he was working there that he was disabled by Scleroderma. Being sick gradually kept Greg from many of the sports and activities he enjoyed, but whenever he could, he'd return to playing with tractors and farms.
Family and friends knew Greg's wry sense of humor was at play when he and wife, Shawna (Thornton) chose April Fool's day, 1999, to be married in Las Vegas, in a renaissance-themed wedding. They lived, loved, and laughed in Hudson, Fort Lupton, and most recently, Aurora. Greg really enjoyed being with his kids, and spending time with his grandchildren, Tate, Bailee, and Burke, which made the last few years the best reward.
Greg is survived by his wife and friend, Shawna; son, Travis (Jessica); daughter, Miranda Forbes; parents, Rich and Marlene; sister, Zo (George) Hubbard; and three brothers, Ed (Dianne), Chris (Liz), and Jack (Lisa). Other survivors include cousins, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews, scores of friends, and a few soreheads.
Never a traditionalist, Greg's journey to the great unknown will be marked by a Bon Voyage Wake, with specifics to be named later.
A celebration of life will be held at 2 p.m. Tuesday, Oct. 29, 2013, at the Pepper Pod in Hudson.
Memorial contributions can be made to the Gregory M. Stieber Memorial Fund, in care of Tabor-Rice Funeral Home, 75 S. 13th Ave., Brighton, CO, 80601.
Tabor-Rice Funeral Home is handling the arrangements.


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Fall Loans will be disbursed on August 17th for Chicago-Kent students with completed financial aid files for the 2012-2013 academic year. Funds will be disbursed electronically to the student's tuition account. For refund estimation times please contact the Student Account's Office (formerly Bursar's Office).
All loan funds, federal, and private, are posted directly to the student's account according to the scheduled disbursement date.
If you have any questions regarding the status of your refund check or charges on your account, please contact the Student Account's Office at 312-906-5161 or in room 290.
If you have any questions regarding the financial aid funds that have been credited to your account, please contact the Office of Financial Aid at 312-906-5180 or in suite 230.
Please be aware that the university allows students the option of having their financial aid refunds direct deposited into their checking or savings account. The university encourages all students to sign up for direct deposit. Click here for more information on the new TouchNet service.
Kent Scholarships have been posted to the accounts of all eligible students. If you received a scholarship it may have changed the amount of your Federal Plus or Stafford Loan. For this reason, please use your myIIT account to view your financial aid award.
Scholarships for day division students enrolled in less than 12 credits for the fall semester will be posted after the Office of Financial Aid receives approval of your scholarship from the Admissions Office.
Full tuition scholarships are based on 12 credits. Revisions to scholarship amounts for increased/decreased credits will occur after the add/drop period for the fall semester. You will receive a revised award notification email when it is finalized.
If you have question about your scholarship eligibility or if there seems to be a problem with your scholarship award amount please contact the Office of Admissions at 312-906-5020.
Due to a federal regulation change, all students that have been selected for citizenship confirmation, or are submitting citizenship documentation to satisfy any other requirement must submit the original document in person for the student's file for the academic year. Continuing students are also required to bring in their documentation even it is already on file from last year. Please note this is only for students that have been selected for citizenship confirmation on their FAFSA.
If you are planning to graduate in the December 2012 semester or will be less than half time in the spring 2013 semester, please notify our office as soon as possible of your enrollment intentions and credit hours, if you have not done so already. Your award will need to be revised for the fall semester only. Please send us an email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
If you still have not accepted or declined your loans, please do so as soon as possible. You must use your myIIT account to accept/decline your loans. If you do not accept your loans, we cannot process them. That is why we urge you to accept them now to avoid delays with disbursement. If you do not wish to wish to receive any of the funds, you may decline the loan(s) using the myIIT portal.
Please select one of the options below on the myIIT portal at:https://my.iit.edu/cp/home/displaylogin.
Accept: If you wish to receive any portion of the loans still listed as offered, you must accept the funds. Also, please be aware that you may be required to complete a Promissory Note and Loan Entrance Counseling with Direct Loans atwww.studentloans.gov before the funds can be disbursed. Please refer to your 'Requirements' section on the myIIT portal.
Decline: If you do not wish to receive any of the funds still listed as offered please decline the loan(s) using your myIIT portal.
Has it been 3 weeks since you completed your FAFSA and you have not received a financial aid award for the 201-2013 academic year? If so, follow these instructions to make sure your FAFSA information is sent to the DTC Office of Financial Aid.
Go to www.fafsa.ed.gov and view your Student Aid Report (SAR).Make sure the Downtown Campus school code is listed on your FAFSA. The DTC school code is E00773 (Listed as Chicago Kent). Once you correct the school code it will take 1 to 2 weeks to receive a Financial Aid award notification.
If you have the correct school code listed on your FAFSA, check your SAR comments. Your SAR comments will let you know if the data that you entered on your FAFSA has caused an error that prevents your FAFSA information from being transmitted to the school. If there is a problem with the data that you entered on your FAFSA, please update the data elements requested. Once you update the information, it will take 1 to 2 weeks to receive a Financial Aid award notification.
If your comment codes are showing no problems and you have E00773 listed as your school code please contact the Office of Financial Aid so that we can find out why you have not received an award.
In order to qualify for financial aid for the 2012-2013 academic year, you must complete the 2012-2013 Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).
You can complete your FAFSA online at http://www.fafsa.ed.gov. In order to apply you will need your Personal Identification Number (PIN). Please remember to include our school code, E00773, when completing your FAFSA and keep in mind that the school name will be listed as Chicago-Kent College of Law.
If you will not be attending Illinois Institute of Technology Downtown Campus for the 2012-2013 academic year, or you are not interested in applying for federal financial aid, please disregard this reminder.
If you have any questions please call the Office of Financial Aid at (312) 906-5180, or send an email to email@example.com.
To avoid delays, please submit any requested documentation as soon as possible.
Please follow the steps below to see if you still have missing requirements:
Please note that completing the Financial Aid Awareness Couseling does not satisfy the Loan Entrance Counseling Requirement. It is an optional couseling session that covers the basics of financial literacy. The required counseling session is called Loan Entrance Counseling. Please see our website for more information: Financial Aid Required Documents
Once you complete your Master Promissory Notes (not loan application) and Loan Entrance Counseling via the Department of Education's website, it may take up to 2 weeks for your required document status on the myIIT portal to reflect this. If it has been over 2 weeks since your completion of a Promissory Note or Loan Entrance Counseling and your documents status on myIIT is still showing not received, please contact our office.
If you were awarded the Perkins Loan this academic year 2012-2013, please check your Kent email (or your IIT e-mail address on the welcome screen of your myIIT portal, as communications could be sent there), for information from the IIT Perkins Loan servicer, ECSI, on completing the Promissory Note and Entrance Counseling. Students that competed this requirement last academic year (2011-2012) are not required to complete this requirement again. This maybe marked as spam in your mailbox, but it is not. You will not be able to complete the promissory note online if ECSI does not have your information on file that is why we ask that you wait until you receive an email notification. However, if mid-August has passed and you have not completed this requirement, please contact ECSI directly at 1-888-549-3274 and state that you are attending the IIT Downtown Campus. Also, for more information see the Student Account's (formerly Bursar's Office) website at:
Did you know that you are now able to
receive a free credit report once every 12 months?
We encourage students to review their credit reports
annually to check for inaccuracies and identify any
suspicious activity.
To receive your free credit report,
please visit the following link: http://www.annualcreditreport.com.
This central site allows you to request a free credit
file disclosure, commonly called a credit report,
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Michigan State University College of Law: Animal Legal & Historical Web Center
Professor David Favre - Editor-in-Chief.
Rebecca Wisch - Assistant Editor
This site is approaching its fifth year since creation and we are pleased with our growth. There are over 800 full text cases (US, Historical and UK) and over 1000 U.S. statutes fully available on the site, with Michigan and California being very comprehensive. More importantly, we have over 46 topics that give the viewer directions and comprehensive explanations on some of the more interesting issues of the animal area. We also have a number of legal articles addressing a wide variety of animal topics. This is the best way for non-lawyers to access the information. The international collection continues to expand. The navigation bar to the left allows access to all of our content; please review the categories available to click into the site
It is now apparent that this will be an endless process, requiring the efforts of many individuals. A tax-deductible donation will help us expand and support the collection on this site. Your comments and suggestions are welcome.


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"Judelson, Giordano & Siegel, CPA, PC are more responsive, accessible and easier to deal with than other firms. They did some outstanding work in redesigning reports for our partners."
Client since 1997
"JGS is very good, and very responsive. They promptly return phone calls and offer a quality level of service and tax expertise. I've found that I've been making more money and paying less in taxes legally. To me that's exceptional."
Client since 2001
"They know monthly what is going on. They know everything about the business, my personal finances, and my relationships with employees. There is nothing that I hide from them. They are helping with full estate planning and business acquisition. They helped me leverage the numbers in the acquisition and helped in negotiating the cost of the business. They have enabled me to get the financing ...
Client since 1976
Every phone call is important to Bill. I think of him as more of a friend than an accountant. The personal touch is important. I've been able to call Bill at any time, at home, and he has responded to me. He's made multiple visits, and he has always been very professional. He's been very astute to whatever arises and deals with it immediately. And he's always made me feel c ...
Client since 1986
We wanted experience in construction, a clear and accurate ability to communicate the financial condition of the company. We have Gary look at each deal to give us the tax implications and advice on negotiations. We've been audited by the IRS and NYS sales tax department and as difficult and arduous as the process can be Gary Cassiello and Judelson, Giordano & Siegel, CPA, PC have preva ...
Client since 1974
I definitely give them a 10 – they are super!
Client since 1986
As a young three year old company in 2006, we needed the expertise of a CPA firm that could communicate openly and respect our uniqueness to help us structure our organization and financial recording processes to make American Petroleum one of the fastest growing environmental construction companies in the Mid Hudson Valley. Judelson, Giordano and Siegel proved their worth to us (now in our fifth ...
Client since 2006
Funeral Homes
"Judelson, Giordano and Siegel are far superior to the accountants I have had in the past. The cost, their ability and the direction they offer you, places them above the competition. Their expertise regarding my business and my retirement needs was amazing! They are incredible negotiators and helped me tremendously with the sale of my business."
Client since 1990
"The estate planning JGS did was outstanding. They work well with the attorney to get it done. I recommend clients to them."
Client since 1964
"JGS is beyond comparison to other firms. They are very proactive and knowledgeable. We have a real comfort level working with them. They made the transfer of ownership in our family business seamless, and they have all the information, pros & cons on the tax issues."
Client since 1984
"JGS is superior because of the personalized service they provide. Bonnie Orr is wonderful; she does everything for us. With other accountants we would leave a message and it would take a long time to get a response. Bonnie calls back very promptly."
Client since 2002
"There's a certain personal touch from JGS that other firms lack. JGS doesn't forget who we are. They were extremely helpful when I detected some embezzlement by one of my employees. They helped me work through everything including filling out the timeline I was going to present to the police. JGS has set a new standard for what an accountant should be. They are like part of the ...
Dr. A.L.
Client since 1974
Not for Profit
"They take the time to do the procedures – they don't take any shortcuts. They are a very thorough accounting firm."
Client since 1950
Professional Services
"I expected them to be great and they have been. It's not only their competency, but the relationship. They really know their stuff, and I enjoy meeting with them. They are not your typical boring accountants. They are like a business partner. They open your eyes to more strategies. I recommend them on a regular basis."
Client since 2002
Real Estate
"Bonnie is a consummate professional. She dots every "i" and crosses every "t". She never allows me to fall into a place where I am vulnerable. I sleep very well at night because of Bonnie. She saves me money on taxes; prevents me from pitfalls. She is on the top of her game. She never lets the ball drop."
Client since 1981
"The level of service JGS provides is outstanding. I give them a 10! I don't give out big marks that easily, but they are good and save me taxes."
Client since 1944 (3rd Generation)
"100% better – They are thorough & they follow up."
Client since 2001
JGS orchestrated a buy-out deal between my father and I that was both brilliant and creative. We couldn't have done it without them. My father and I had other accountants look at our situation, but they just didn't have the expertise of the JGS team. When it comes to buy outs, acquisitions and mergers Judelson, Giordano and Siegel is the firm I would recommend to anyone.
Client since 2006
"JGS is very good, and very responsive. They promptly return phone calls and offer a quality level of service and tax expertise. I've found that I've been making more money and paying less in taxes legally. To me that's exceptional."
Client since 2001
"JGS have been our accountants for 42 years…..actually they are much more than accountants we consider JGS extremely valuable business consultants. JGS knows our business model, our business processes, and go that extra step by learning about and staying on top of our industry. Because of their intimate knowledge of our business, our industry and our family dynamics, their advice regar ...
Client since 1970
"Bonnie, I can't thank you enough for your help in handling all of this so quickly and professionally. Managing the various aspects of this estate from such a distance has been terribly difficult, but working with you has taken one large part of the burden off my shoulders."
Mary Scarvalone
"I've known Bonnie Orr since the middle 1990s … that would be 22+ years. She has managed every aspect of my small business planning through multiple corporations, LLC's, marital dissolutions and tax jurisdictions. It never ceases to amaze me how she always knows what to do and can answer a question, without even hesitating, on the most complex of business tax issues. Never have I felt vulner ...
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Narrow the list of events by deselecting event categories below.
Feb 21st, 2018
Better Homes Build Better Lives
A research team from Auburn University's College of Architecture, Design and Construction (CADC) has been awarded a major HUD grant for the development of housing solutions for people with disabilities and those seeking to age in place. CADC facu (...)
Feb 6th, 2018
More Top Rankings for Architecture and Industrial Design
CADC's architecture and industrial design programs are included among the top in the nation according to The Art Career Project website. The Art Career Project, a nationally recognized resource for (...)
Feb 6th, 2018
Auburn INDD Alum Named IDSA Interim Executive Director
Stephanie Bond
Congratulations to Chris Livaudais, 2002 industrial design graduate and good friend and supporter of the program, on his appointment as the new interim executive director of the Industrial Designers Society of America. Livaudais has been an active memb (...)
Jan 31st, 2018
Moore Receives Auburn Alumni Association's 2018 Undergraduate Teaching Excellence Award
Stephanie Bond
Kevin Moore, Associate Professor and interior architecture program chair, was honored with a 2018 Auburn Alumni Association Teaching Excellence Award at its Faculty Awards Luncheon in November. This award is given to teachers who are exceptional in the (...)
Jan 30th, 2018
Steve Jernigan '81 Appointed to Florida's Board of Architecture and Interior Design
Stephanie Bond
CADC alum Steve Jernigan, FAIA (B.S. Env. Design '80, B. Arch. '81) was appointed to the Florida Board of Architecture and Interior Design by Gov. Rick Scott for a four-year term beginning January 2018. A former president of AIA Florida and (...)
Jan 25th, 2018
Hinson+ Dagg Architects Honored
Stephanie Bond
CADC's own David Hinson and Christian Dagg (aka Hinson + Dagg Architects) have been recognized again for the Browning residence. They received a Gold Award in the "One-of A-Kind Custom of Spec Home 1,501-2,500 sq. ft." category at the (...)
Jan 22nd, 2018
Renovation Brings Cutting-Edge Technology
Morgan Smothers
Spaces in the Miller Gorrie Center, home of the McWhorter School of Building Science, are getting upgrades that will completely change the way students learn about the construction industry. Thanks to the generous support of our donors, students will h (...)
Jan 16th, 2018
Architecture Program Ranked among Top in U.S.
CEOWORLD Magazine has ranked the Auburn University's School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape Architecture among the top undergraduate programs in the United States. APLA was ranked #15 in the list of 25 "Best Universit (...)
Jan 16th, 2018
Graphic Design for Healthcare in Haiti
Morgan Smothers
In Fall 2017, a group of Auburn University graphic design students were faced with the challenge of providing basic information about healthcare to the clients of the Hope Center clinic in Thoman, an isolated mountain village in Haiti. Because the majo (...)
Dec 14th, 2017
Dean Nathan named Design Futures Council Senior Fellow
Karen Rogers
Vini Nathan, dean and McWhorter Endowed Chair of the College of Architecture, Design and Construction at Auburn University, has been named 2017 Senior Fellow of the Design Futures Council. Only four people are awarded this distinction annually. This ye (...)
Dec 6th, 2017
Xavier Vendrell Receives Prestigious FAD Award
Natalie Butts-Ball
Professor and Acting Director of Auburn University Rural Studio Xavier Vendrell has been awarded the FAD Award (el Fomento de las Artes Decorativas) in the category of City and Landscape for the project, "Rehabilitació del Parc de Joan Oli (...)
Dec 4th, 2017
Celebrating the Women of the Auburn CADC
Stephanie Bond
Please join us and be part of "The Women of Auburn CADC."
The College of Architecture, Design and Construction joined Auburn's celebration of 125 Years of Women at Auburn University with this special video creat (...)
Dec 4th, 2017
Grad Marshal Cameron Westbrook Represents CADC
Morgan Smothers
On December 16, 2017, our next group of graduates will take their places at Auburn's Fall commencement ceremony. Representing the CADC as Graduation Marshal for Fall 2017 will be Environmental Design student Cameron Westbrook. Cameron has been an (...)
Dec 1st, 2017
CADC Interdisciplinary Team Awarded Largest HUD Grant in Auburn University History
Karen Rogers
Auburn University's College of Architecture, Design and Construction has been awarded a $635,000 grant by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, or HUD, to develop housing solutions for people with disabilities and with aging in pl (...)
Nov 14th, 2017
Honoring a Veteran: Buck Marsh
Latha Bhavnani
Movies, documentaries, and history books recount the saga of World War II, giving us a glimpse of a soldier's life in the trenches. One of the decisive battles fought in the European theater during World War II was the Battle of the Bulge, which (...)
Nov 12th, 2017
Farrow Selected for SEC Academic Leadership Development Program
Stephanie Bond
Ben Farrow, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and International Programs, has been named a 2017–2018 SEC Academic Leadership Development Program Fellow. As an Auburn Fellow, he is one of four faculty members who will represent Auburn University (...)
Nov 9th, 2017
Auburn University's NOMA Student Team Wins Second Place
Stephanie Bond
Auburn's National Organization of Minority Architects student team won second place in the 2017 Barbara G. Laurie Student Design Competition. The design competition was part of the NOMA's Annual Conference in Houston, Texas on October 11-14 (...)
Nov 7th, 2017
CADC Celebrates with 2017 Awards Banquet
Stephanie Bond
The College of Architecture, Design and Construction held its 2017 Awards Banquet on Thursday, October 19 at the Marriott Grand National in Opelika, AL. Dr. Vini Nathan, Dean and McWhorter Endowed Chair in the College of Architecture, welcomed CADC fac (...)
Oct 29th, 2017
Bryant's Work Featured in UPPERCASE
Kelly Bryant, Auburn University graphic design professor, is one of the featured designers in the most recent issue of UPPERCASE (Issue 35), a quarterly publication that is inspired by craft, design, and illustration. UPPERCASE is an award-winning, int (...)
Oct 26th, 2017
Academic Research Culminates with International Magazine Publication
Nicole Truitt
Prof. Matt Hall first encountered the work of Swedish Architect, Bernt Nyberg, on a study abroad trip in 2010 when he took a group of University of Tennessee architecture students on a grand tour of Sweden to study the work of Sigurd Lewerentz and his (...)


text: Nicolas Will wrote: > Guys, > > The HVR4000 looks good on paper, but activity in not heavy, and it has > that design flow that prevents it from being real useful (cannot do T > and S at the same time). > > So I am looking for a dedicated DVB-S2 only solution in order to expand > my HTPC. > > So what about the Hauppauge WinTV NOVA-HD-S2 card? The wiki if empty > about this one, so I guess it is not the best choice... > > What would yo propose? > > Darron Broad, another member of this ML is currently reviewing my hvr3000 and hvr4000 patches to achieve the same goals. I'm personally very happy with the hvr4000 support, and the hvr3000 approach to multiple frontends on a single bus, but no single tree contains both, and it would likely be a large cumbersome patch to submit for review for Mauro - so I'm reluctant to do that. My goal is to get basic hvr4000 DVB-S/S2 support merged first (after multiproto is merged), then follow that with the 'multiple frontend on a single bus' HVR3000 patches, thereby enabling DVB-T/S and S2 all in one go. ... But were a way off, perhaps months from seeing multiproto accept in v4l-dvb hg. If you want to take a shot at merging HVR3000 and 4000 for your own use then atleast ping Darron via this ML, you're working on the same thing. - Steve


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shadow sticks are one of the quickest ways to do your eye makeup because you don't need applicators or brushes. just swipe onto your lids using the light shade in the brow bone and deeper shade on your lids, then blend quickly with fingertips before the shadow sets. almay intense i-color™ shadow sticks can be layered on for more intensity if desired. you can even use shadow sticks underneath powder shadows for that extra pop of color.
First choose the correct shade palette for your eye color then apply the shadows exactly how you see them in the compact. It's that easy! The key to perfect smokey eyes is to blend, blend, blend! Blending creates that perfect gradation so shadows never look streaky. Start with the deepest shade at the lash line and blend upwards, then use the medium accent shade just above the crease and finally use the lightest shade at the brow bone and in corners of eyes to highlight.
Follow with the appropriate Almay intense i-color defining liner™ and Almay intense i-color volumizing mascara™ for your eye color.
Easily correct makeup mistakes with new Almay® Oil-Free MakeUp Eraser Sticks. These convenient swabs are filled with Almay's #1 selling oil-free makeup remover formula and are perfect for spot correcting smudges or smears around the eye area without disturbing the rest of your make up. So don't fret, mistakes happen.
To make eyes pop, choose shades that either complement or contrast your eye color. For example, if you have blue eyes, you should choose soft blues or coppers and browns. The Almay Intense i-color™ collection takes the guess work out of choosing the perfect shadow shades for your eye color.
Typically with shadows, you apply the midtone shade on the lid as a base, then add the darkest shade in the crease to contour and add the lightest shade on the browbone to highlight.
Gently remove eye makeup with Almay® Oil-Free Eye Makeup Remover pads. These single use pads gently remove eye make up with no greasy residue and without irritation. Smooth pad over lids and lashes to completely remove all traces of eye makeup.
The key to applying mascara is to start at the roots and wiggle the brush through to the tips.
Use the tip of the mascara brush to apply to lower lashes and to reach corner lashes if needed.
Gently and effectively remove waterproof mascara with Almay® Moisturizing Eye Makeup Remover pads. These single use pads condition the eye area while removing waterproof mascara without irritation. Gently place pad on lashes for a few seconds to break down dried mascara. Then smooth over lids and lashes to completely remove all traces of makeup.
Apply closest to the lashline working from inner to outer corners. Try small feathering strokes until you get a steady hand. Try extending the line beyond the corners of eyes slightly to get a flirty cat eye look.
Get a smokey line by blending liner out with a brush or smudger tip. You can also apply a similar shade of shadow over eye liner to soften the line.
Easily correct makeup mistakes with new Almay® Oil-Free Makeup Eraser Sticks. These convenient swabs are filled with Almay's #1 oil-free makeup remover formula and are perfect for spot correcting smudges or smears around the eye area without disturbing the rest of your make up. So don't fret, mistakes happen.
First prime skin with Smart Shade Perfect & Correct Primer to create a smooth, even base for your foundation. Using a foundation brush or finger tips, apply liquid foundation to forehead, center of cheeks and chin. Begin to blend outward towards the edges of face.
Try a few shades on your face in between the jaw line and cheekbone, and then blend. The shade that virtually disappears is the shade for you. Also consider a foundation wardrobe for the seasons: one for fall/winter (when you may be paler) and a different shade for spring/summer (since you may have a tan) go for a shade slightly deeper than your skin tone.
A loose powder makeup applies very easily and smoothly like any loose powder. Swirl brush into powder and tap off excess. Then blend powder evenly all over face in short, sweeping strokes for a natural beautiful complexion.
It's very important to clean your brush frequently. Wash it once a month with water and a mild shampoo. Allow to air-dry.
Dry, dull skin: use hydrating foundations, stay away from powders & mattifying formulas
Oily skin: use an oil absorbing foundation; look for buzz words like oil-free, mattifying, or shine- reducing.
Combination skin: use a formula that has silica beads & lecithin or a foundation that talks to attributes that have both oil absorbing qualities with moisturizing benefits. the oil absorbing ingredients will soak up your t-zone oil, while the moisturizing ingredients hydrates dry areas such as cheeks.
Remove make up gently and easily with Almay® Oil-Free Makeup Remover towelettes. These soft, thick towelettes instantly lift away even the most stubborn makeup in one easy step. Gently smooth towelette over face and eyes to remove all make up. Leaves no greasy residue so there is no need to rinse!
Always moisturize before applying concealer. If using an eye cream, choose a light one that will absorb quickly. Then apply with either a concealer brush or ring finger (least amount of pressure) for optimal blending. Pat in gentle motions, rather than rubbing. To lock concealer into place use a powder.
For under eyes, it's best to choose a shade lighter and yellow in tone to brighten any undereye circles. The yellow undertone will counteract the blue-ish dark circles. For face choose a shade closest to skin tone, similar to choosing a foundation shade, pick the shade that after blending virtually disappears on skin.
Tap puff into powder, tap off excess and blend into skin for a flawless, shine free complexion. Powder is a great tool to help set and extend wear of liquid makeup.
Apply blush or bronzer starting at the apples of the cheeks and blend upwards and towards your temple. Apply bronzer where the sun rays touch the face (forehead, cheeks, nose & chin) for the most natural look.


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Convento y Hospital de Refugio, Lima, Peru
Manuscript Account Book, 85 leaves. September 1723 - June 1793
This 18th-century account book contains monthly totals of accounts payable and receivable for the convent and hospital, plus details of monies received from rents and benefactions (donations). Also included are records of patients (often indigent, among them present and former enslaved persons), the length of their stays, and the cost of their treatment and maintenance. Two audits from the Padre Prefecto also appear in the folio.
Officially known as the Convento y Hospital de Santa Toribio de Refugio de Incurables de la Religión Bethlehemitica de la Ciudad de Lima, "Incurables" was run by the Bethlemite order. The order was founded in the mid-seventeenth century by Pedro Betancourt, and eventually operated small hospitals in present-day Mexico and a number of Latin American countries, including Peru. Incurables served as a convalescent hospital for patients to whom other hospitals would not provide care, though Spaniards were also treated there. The brothers collected rents from land on the island of Callao, as well as rent from a house on Trinidad Street and a store (pulperia). The Sisters of Mercy took over the hospital in the mid-nineteenth century, a product of the appropriation of Church property during the independence period.


text: Propane Perk: Irrigation Engine Users Sought January 21, 2013 11:00 PM Tweet Farmers using propane-powered irrigation engines can get financial assistance and help with the development of future products. © Propane Education & Research Council TAGS: Marketing, Overseas December 18, 2014 By Nate Birt Top Producer Managing Editor Email Farmers can earn more than $4,000 toward the purchase of a new propane-fueled irrigation engine as part of an incentive program offered by the Propane Education & Research Council (PERC). Participants in PERC's Propane Farm Incentive Program get a $400 incentive per liter of engine displacement up to 10.3 liters. In exchange, they provide feedback and performance data for a year that will be used to develop future products. Eligible equipment is listed at www.agpropane.com, where interested farmers can submit an online application and get additional details. The equipment must be new and must be certified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and/or California Air Resources Board. Nearly 40% of U.S. farms use propane to run engines and perform other functions, the council says. Click here to read more about the propane program or to register. Back to news


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Spiral Galaxy NGC 4639
This Hubble Space Telescope image shows NGC 4639, a spiral galaxy located 78 million light-years away in the Virgo cluster of galaxies. The blue dots in the galaxy's outlying regions indicate the presence of young stars. Among them are older, bright stars called Cepheids, which are used as reliable milepost markers to obtain accurate distances to nearby galaxies. Astronomers measure the brightness of Cepheids to calculate the distance to a galaxy. Allan Sandage's team used Cepheids to measure the distance to NGC 4639, the farthest galaxy to which Cepheid distance has been calculated. After using Cepheids to calculate the distance to NGC 4639, the team compared the results to the peak brightness measurements of SN 1990N, a type Ia supernova located in the galaxy. Then they compared those numbers with the peak brightness of supernovae similarly calibrated in nearby galaxies. The team then determined that type Ia supernovae are reliable secondary distance markers, and can be used to determine distances to galaxies several hundred times farther away than Cepheids. An accurate value for the Hubble Constant depends on Cepheids and secondary distance methods. The color image was made from separate exposures taken in the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2.
Credit: A. Sandage (Carnegie Observatories), A. Saha (Space Telescope Science Institute), G.A. Tammann, and L. Labhardt (Astronomical Institute, University of Basel), F.D. Macchetto and N. Panagia (Space Telescope Science Institute and European Space Agency) and NASA


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April 24, 2014
The Greco-Roman feast celebrated Saturday at Goodrich Ballpark might have seemed an unlikely intermission between the two Little Giant baseball games, but it turned out to be a big crowd pleaser.
Associate Professor of Classics Jeremy Hartnett was not surprised. His department had invited the Wabash community to "Wabash's first ever Suovetaurilia," a tasty re-enactment of an ancient Greco-Roman ritual involving the consumption of a pig, sheep, and bull. Students and professors from five Classics courses produced the event, along with Eta Sigma Phi, the Classics club.
"You'll learn about Greco-Roman religion through all of your senses," Hartnett had promised in his invitation. "You'll hear Greek prayers. Watch a re-enactment of a traditional sacrifice. Taste the grilled pork, lamb, and beef, as well as a number of other dishes cooked by Wabash students from ancient Greek and Roman recipes.
"In other words, there will be a short program, then we all dig into the tasty grub."
And so they did—nearly 250 guests attended Saturday's feast!
Wabash Classics professors and their students had envisioned the event after realizing that many of the Classics courses being taught spring semester focused on ancient food, drink, religion, and epic.
"We wanted to find a way to draw the classes together in a joint project," Hartnett said. "Although we are separated from the classical world by many centuries and miles, we take every opportunity in Wabash Classics to shrink that gap by experiencing the past with as many of our senses as possible. Creating a project like the suovetaurilia gave us the chance to experience the ancient world directly in watching a sacrifice and eating the food, yes, but also in having a hand in the work that went into such a production. And it was our pleasure to share this experience with the whole Wabash community."
"In fact, one of the most enjoyable parts was including the students in our department meetings for about a month as they helped plan and pull off the event. Jim Blaich '14, as president of Eta Sigma Phi, was instrumental in getting funding, helping the planning, securing the lamb, doing the other shopping, butchering the meat at our house on Friday night, and cooking it over the course of Saturday. He and I had been in class together before, and I even took him on an immersion trip, but this felt like a real partnership, and I'm so pleased to have that kind of relationship with our students: with him, with Matt Binder, and now also with Dylan Mayer, who was a stalwart in the butchering and cooking."
But what did any of this have to do with baseball?
"Though the combination of a baseball game and a religious event might seem strange to us today, we must remember that at the original Olympics, athletics and worship of the gods were inseparable," Hartnett said. "Not only was there a stadium at Olympia, but there were also 212 altars.
"We hope that everyone at Saturday's event learned something about Greco-Roman religion, and we also hope they went home with full stomachs, smoky clothes, and also some lingering questions about how different the ancient world is from our own."
Read more about preparations for the event at sophomore Matthew Binder's Classics blog: http://blogs.wabash.edu/accents/
And here's a video of the event produced by Luke Walker '15 and the College's Media Center: