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Even More on Barth and Analogy: Option I
From a Catholic point of view, it seems that Barth is mistaken in one of either of two ways. He is either 1) diagnostically mistaken about the incompatibility between his analogia relationis/fidei and the analogia entis, seeing a dichotomy where there is none; or 2) he is doctrinally mistaken: he correctly judges the incompatibility, but his mature version of analogy reflects a doctrinal position that Catholics are bound to find dissatisfying and even in tension with some of the more positive statements Barth makes about the goodness of created nature.
Johnson argues strongly that Barth was correct in his diagnosis of the incompatibility. The gist, I take it, is that Barth's analogical thought does not represent a change in the substance of his earlier position, let alone a concession to his Catholic interlocutors. Rather, Barth's analogia relationis/fidei confirms and even fulfills his earlier reasons for rejecting the Catholic analogia entis. As Johnson puts it:
He [Barth] does not adopt a version of the analogy that Przywara originally offered, but rather, he adopts the strongest possible rejection of such an analogy, because the structure of Przywara's analogy is reversed in order to account for the problem that initially prompted Barth to reject Przywara's analogy: the problem of human sin. Barth's mature account of divine-human continuity thus stands as the fulfillment of his early rejection of Przywara's analogia entis rather than a retreat from it. (Johnson, p.645)
Johnson's argument poses a challenge to Balthasar's interpretation, which understandably tries to emphasize points of compatibility between Barth and Catholic dogmatics. According to Balthasar, Barth was able to understand and speak to Catholic concerns about analogy. And some of the things he's written certainly seem like the kinds of things Catholics are prone to write, including some lines that appear to chasten the more dialectical rhetoric of man's alienation from God. As Balthasar puts it: "he finally admits that creation vis-à-vis God is thoroughly good and positive in itself, that is, in its very being as not-God."
By the power of faith and its profession, the Word of God becomes a human thought and a human word, certainly in infinite dissimilarity and inadequacy, but not in total human strangeness with its model. The human copy is a real copy of its divine counterpart. (KD I, 254)(TKB, 108)
Such total dissimilarity would then mean that we could not in fact recognize God. For if we recognize God, this must mean that we see God using our prior views, concepts and words; thus we see God not as something totally Other. (KD 3, 253-54) (TKB, 109).
There can be a real world that is not threatened or extinguished by God's absoluteness. On the contrary, the world has been established by virtue of his absoluteness. Far from being self-contradictory with the concept of God or shameful to it, the world is his confirmation, set up to give glory to his name. (KD 3, 347-48) (TKB, 111).
He can leave room and time for the existence of another. And he can exercise his will over this other in such a way that the other is not absorbed or destroyed but accompanied, borne and protected. (KD 3, 461) (TKB, 111).
Creator and creature both exist, and exist together; but this does not imply there is any parity between them but rather a strictest superordination and subordination. Even so, they do coexist. (Credo, 33) (TKB, 111).
In the Credo, when we profess that God is the Creator, we admit not only God's transcendence but also the immanence of this so utterly transcending God. As counterpart to the world, God is present to this world he has created, not only far but also near, not only free in his relations to it but also closely tied to his creation. He sustains the creature in its relative self-subsistence and uniqueness, ruling it without suspending the freedom of the human will, either partially or totally. (Credo, 33-34) (TKB, 111).
God sustains his creature in a reality different from his own: relative and dependent. But in its relativity and dependency, creation is autonomous vis-à-vis God, truly there on its own, precisely because it owes its being-there to God alone…Because it has not emanated directly from God's own essence but was freely created by God, the creature cannot dissolve back into God or abandon its own relational autonomy. (KD 7, 98-99) (TKB, 112).
God's revelation presupposes that there exists a world distinct from him in which he can reveal himself and that there is someone to whom he can disclose himself…The fact of revelation already tells us that God and man exist together; it is the witness of the reality of God's creation…The fact of revelation already says that there is a human person to whom God has turned in his revelation, affirming his existence and taking seriously his fate, addressed as God's real partner and thus honored in his autonomy.(Gotteserkenntnis, 69) (TKB, 112-113).
In other words, "the existence of a reality distinct from God cannot be a source of embarrassment solely because of its distinctness from God" (TKB, 111). Balthasar argues that in the Church Dogmatics Barth is forced to take "the concept of the creature" seriously, in a way quite different from his approach in The Epistle to the Romans. Far from claiming that creation is alien to God, "Barth increasingly came to sing the praises of the goodness of creatureliness as such" (TKB, 112).
More specifically, Barth acknowledges that "Sin presupposes freedom and selfhood, but it is not to be equated with them. This clearly implies that the sinful creature does not plunge into nothingness or chaos, becoming a mere shadow of a shadow, as would be the case if creatureliness coincided with sin" (TKB, 111) (Note here Balthasar is expressing- more eloquently- the same concern I had in the first post about the tendency of dialectical theology to equate human nature with sin). Barth appears to speak of sin and its relation to human nature in ways that both account for traditional Catholic concerns and at the same time thoroughly qualify his earlier rhetoric of alienation:
Human relationships are all affected by sin, but they are not altered [Barth's emphasis] in their basic structure. And the inner essence of these relations is the created nature of man. Thus it is quite correct to say that the contrasts of sin, reconciliation and redemption do not affect human being. (KD 6, 46) (TKB, 116).
And so we have not followed the usual practice in theology of first denigrating human nature as much as possible in order then to make God's grace working in man all the more effective. (KD 6, 330-331) (TKB, 116).
[Speaking of humanitarianism and Christian love] "Indeed, what good would it be for Christians to have all knowledge of God's forgiveness,…what benefit would they get from the holiness and justification of their new-found life or from their praise of God in worship or their zeal in his service if they lacked this basic humanity?" (KD 6, 339) (TKB, 117).
And perhaps most strikingly:
It is not by nature that man is hostile and opposed to God. He is of course in fact so opposed, but only by acts of rejection, by an abuse of nature. But all man's perversity cannot make wrong what God has wrought as good by nature…Sin indeed wreaks inconceivable havoc, but precisely because human nature is so good…But sin never becomes, as it were, a second nature for which man need not be held accountable. Man has not become a stranger to God in his sin. His position vis-à-vis God remains what it was when God created him…To dispute this would be to deny the continuity of the human subject as a creature, sinner and redeemed sinner." (KD 6, 330-31) (TKB, 117).
This last passage from the Church Dogmatics is particularly helpful because Barth makes exactly the kinds of distinctions I think are crucial to understanding the reality of sin. When I claimed in my first post that Catholics have traditionally held that sin does not go "all the way down" (a statement that worried Travis a bit), I meant nothing more than what Barth means here: sin cannot go so far down as to blur the distinction between man's nature and the sin that wreaks havoc in it. This is not to define human nature apart from God's revelation in Christ; it is only to uphold that in one very important sense, sin does not make humanity some other kind of thing. To deny such a distinction would be, as Barth realizes, to deny that a prelapsarian, fallen, and redeemed human being is, in each case, still a prelapsarian, fallen, or redeemed human being. That is why I claimed too close an identification of sin and human nature ultimately makes nonsense of the act of salvation: when that ontological continuity of humanity across its different states is rejected, there can only be the annihilation of human nature and a creation of something else in its place. No matter what language one uses to describe that, it no longer makes sense to call that an act of salvation.
Anyway, back on point. This collection of passages, drawn from different parts of different works, and largely separated from their contexts, gives the impression of proof texts. But my point is minimal and I think discernable in the passages regardless. It is only that Barth is entirely aware of some of the concerns that Catholic dogmaticians have had about creation, sin, and relation to God. And further, he seems to acknowledge that even a Protestant dogmatics needs to address these issues. The interesting thing is that what Barth seems to affirm in these passages is precisely what the analogia entis supplies for Catholic thought. There are at least two points here: 1) the claim that creation is not opposed to God in virtue of being other than God; or to rephrase it, creation is positively related to God qua created; 2) and that this positive relation to God is, in one important sense, unaffected by sin: it is the relation that sin presupposes in order to be sin at all. In other words, to acknowledge that creation bears a positive relation to God as created (as not-God), and to acknowledge that this relation subsists in spite of the warping effects of sin, is in principle to affirm the analogia entis.
Balthasar claims that "all of these statements" are "Catholic in the fullest sense of that word" only because Barth saw Jesus Christ as the "real ground of creation" (TKB, 118; cf. KD 6, 580). For Barth, Christ's positive relation to the Father eternally foregrounds the act of creation, and it is only in virtue of this relation that creation is positively related to God:
Just as he is the guarantee of the Creator's fidelity, so too is he the guarantee of the continuity of his creation, the guarantee of its being maintained and preserved. (KD 6, 627) (TKB, 118).
In view of his Son, who was to become man and bear the sin of the world, God loved the human race and with it his whole creation even before he created them…He created the world because he loved it in his own Son, who stood before him as an outcast and a dead man, all on account of our sins. (KD 5, 53-54).
Christ, as both God and man, is "the true prototype upon whom and in view of whom the world was created" (TKB, 118-19). This foregrounding is, as it were, the fundamental presupposition of any analogical relation between God and his creatures.Yet if Barth wants to hold both to the two points mentioned above (drawn from his statements about created goodness) and the Christological presupposition of analogy, it seems reasonable that, at least initially, an affirmation of the analogia entis and Christ's prototypicality are entirely compatible. Indeed, for Catholics like Balthasar and Przywara, the formal priority of Christology and the analogia entis are not only compatible, but the former fulfills the latter. As Balthasar writes:
But Christ is not simply man, he is God. And so the idea of what it means to be human as such cannot be derived or deduced from the Incarnation of Christ but can only be presupposed in it. Because God has become one of us, there must already be the possibility for humanity at the start, not just theoretically but in a true sense, to be capable of God, a capability that does not adversely affect Christ's prototypicality… (TKB, 119).
Following this option, therefore, leads one to conclude that there is no reason to reject the analogia entis in adopting an analogia relationis/fidei. This would mean that Barth is only incorrect in his judgment that such a dichotomy exists.
In fact, however, the evidence against this option is pretty substantial. As Johnson emphasizes, and even Balthasar admits, Barth's understanding of analogy gives expression to a doctrine of justification that inflects his account of created goodness in a very particular way; a way that actually inverts the reasoning of the analogia entis. Everything turns on how Christ's prototypicality is conceived. If this interpretation (option 2) is correct- and I find it convincing- then my suspicion is that Barth's analogy ultimately fails to do justice to the affirmations of created goodness cited above. In short, without the analogia entis, he can't have his analogical cake and eat it too. And this is precisely what we should expect Catholics to think if Johnson's interpretation hits the mark. Whether or not my suspicion that a serious tension results in Barth will be convincing to Barthians is another question (I suspect it won't). But I will have to show this in greater detail in another post.
Pax Christi,
Keith L.Johnson,"Reconsidering Barth's Rejection of Przywara's Analogia Entis," Modern Theology 26:4, Oct. 2010, pp.632-650
Hans Urs von Balthasar, The Theology of Karl Barth: Exposition and Interpretation (TKB), trans. Edward T. Oakes, S.J. (San Francisco: Communio Books/Ignatius Press, 1992).
Karl Barth, Credo (Munich: Chr. Kaiser Verlag, 1935). English trans.: Credo (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1962).
Karl Barth, Gotteserkenntnis und Gottesdienst (Zurich: Evangelischer Verlag, 1938). English trans.: The Knowledge of God and the Service of God (London: Hodder and Stoughten, 1938).
The references to the Church Dogmatics (Karl Barth, Die Kirchliche Dogmatik; KD) are taken from Balthasar, who was using the German editions and citing the volume number followed by page number. If anyone wants a corresponding citation in the English translation, let me know and I can hunt it down using the appendix Oakes provides in the TKB.
Bold indicates my emphases; italics indicates emphases original either to Barth or to Balthasar.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text: I don't pretend to know what I'm talking about :-) but I think you'll find the the RME Hammerfall cards will do everything that you want and they are well supported under linux. (but not cheap!) Home page... http://www.rme-audio.de/english/index.htm Some clock sysnc stuff ... http://www.rme-audio.de/english/hammer/allfeat.htm They have nifty things like "Input 3 x optical (TOSLINK), 1 x coaxial (Cinch), internal (CD-ROM/Sync-In), word clock (BNC)" and " Output 3 x optical (TOSLINK), coaxial (Cinch), internal (Sync-Out), word clock (BNC)" Hope this helps. (and if you buy a bunch of them and have more than you need I would be happy to accept one as a donation to my fledgling home studio :-) Best regards to all -Don


text:
Shea Beauchamp of Wabash and Ryan Keaffaber of Northfield have been selected by the Indiana High School Baseball Coaches Association(IHSBCA) to play for the North All Star team. The three game series will be played July 12-14 at Wabash College in Crawfordsville.
Northfield assistant coach Troy Miller has been selected to be an assistant coach at the All Star series. Miller has been an assistant coach at Northfield since 2002.


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We\'re live blogging all the action in the stock market on Tuesday. For a concise rundown of the day\'s trading activity, see Market Snapshot.
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- 9:38 am
- Green out of the gate
- by Victor Reklaitis
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Good morning.
The main indexes are all gaining ground in the early going.
Dow +0.1% and back above 17,000
Nasdaq +0.2%
- 9:43 am
- Telecoms jump
- by Victor Reklaitis
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AT&T /quotes/zigman/398198/delayed /quotes/nls/t T and Verizon /quotes/zigman/262341/delayed /quotes/nls/vz VZ are the biggest winners in the Dow, rising 4% and 2%, respectively.
Rural telecom Windstream has said it plans to spin off some of it assets into an independent REIT, and that's getting credit for the move higher by telecom stocks.
Windstream /quotes/zigman/21375738/delayed /quotes/nls/win WIN is surging 22%.
- 9:54 am
- LOCO drops on Day 3
- by Victor Reklaitis
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After flying higher on its first two days of trading, El Pollo Loco /quotes/zigman/35578923/delayed /quotes/nls/loco LOCO is down 15%.
The IPO priced at $15, and the stock is currently about double that level… around $30.
Read more about today's jumpiest stocks in the Movers & Shakers column.
Photo credit: El Pollo Loco
- 9:59 am
- Today's econ data
- by Victor Reklaitis
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Today's main U.S. economic reports are on home prices (via the Case-Shiller index) and consumer confidence (via the Conference Board).
U.S. house prices rose in May, according to the Case-Shiller 20-city composite index released before the open.
But on a seasonally adjusted basis prices fell 0.3%.
The confidence data will come out in less than a minute.
- 10:04 am
- Holding gains
- by Victor Reklaitis
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That consumer-confidence figure came in better than expected (90.9 vs. forecasts for 85.0), and the main indexes briefly added to their gains as it hit, then gave up that ground.
They're showing modest gains at this point.
Dow +0.3% to 17,030
Nasdaq +0.4%
Photo credit: Bloomberg
- 10:24 am
- Earnings movers
- by Victor Reklaitis
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Stocks moving after their quarterly releases include:
Pfizer /quotes/zigman/238207/delayed /quotes/nls/pfe PFE up 0.3% after results topped forecasts.
Merck /quotes/zigman/574389/delayed /quotes/nls/mrk MRK up 1.4% — the company hiked its full-year profit outlook.
Herbalifeh /quotes/zigman/361145/delayed /quotes/nls/hlf HLF down 12% after profit and revenue missed expectations.
Our Movers & Shakers column has more.
Photo credit: Bloomberg
- 10:32 am
- Best level since Oct. 2007
- by Victor Reklaitis
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Believe it or not, that figure for consumer confidence represents the best reading since October 2007.
MarketWatch's Jeff Bartash has more here.
Andrew Wilkinson, chief market analyst at Interactive Brokers, highlights what the confidence report has to say about employment.
He writes:
"There was also further encouraging news for the labor market as the so-called labor differential became less negative indicating better prospects for unemployment readings. Those saying jobs were plentiful rose, while those claiming jobs were hard to get remained static in July."
- 10:38 am
- Paranoia understandable
- by Victor Reklaitis
- Add a Comment
Michael Batnick, research director at Ritholtz Wealth Management, makes good points in a post over at Yahoo Finance titled "Have a Plan."
It's "perfectly understandable for market participants to grow a bit paranoid" at this point in the bull market, he writes.
But he also says: "For the serious investor, you'd be hard pressed to find a strategy that can endure better than a diversified portfolio."
Plus: "Rather than guess which asset class is going to perform best (raise your hand if you thought long dated treasuries was the answer for 2014), you own them all."
Read the full post here.
- 11:07 am
- Analyst: earnings are driving markets higher
- by Anora Mahmudova
- Add a Comment
Anthony Valeri, Investment Strategist at LPL Financial:
"Earnings have been supporting current stock prices and we expect the market to continue a slow grind higher by the year-end.
While consumer confidence data was better than expected, it's the GDP, ISM and the jobs data that everyone is focused on.
The FOMC statement is unlikely to change from the previous one and there will be no press conference."
- 11:08 am
- Investors await Fed meeting
- by Anora Mahmudova
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Multiple bounced-check fees are more likely to occur at smaller banks. MarketWatch's Ann Cates reports.
- 11:15 am
- Herbalife pays steep price for earnings miss
- by Sue Chang
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Is this the beginning of the end of Herbalife? Whitney Tilson of Kase Capital seems to think so.
In an lengthy report, Tilson notes that Herbalife /quotes/zigman/361145/delayed /quotes/nls/hlf HLF could fall apart quickly, even without regulatory action, given its lack of financial flexibility.
The value investor, who unabashedly calls Herbalife a "pyramid scheme," also pointed out that much of its revenue growth was fueled by expansion in China.
"We may look back on this earnings report as the beginning of the end of HLF, even if regulators don't act, because when these pyramid schemes start to collapse, they can really implode fast…"
Shares of Herbalife skidded 11% after it reported second-quarter results which fell short of Wall Street's expectations.
- 11:50 am
- Stocks slip on new Russia sactions
- by Sue Chang
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The broader stock market slipped into negative territory on reports that the European Union will slap more sanctions on Russia for its role in the civil strife in Ukraine.
The Wall Street Journal reports:
The measures will target four economic sectors; finance, militarily sensitive equipment, arms and oil production equipment. They will sharply restrict the ability of Russia's state-owned banks from raising financing on European markets.
The S&P 500 /quotes/zigman/3870025/realtime SPX is off 0.2% to 1,975.31
The Dow /quotes/zigman/627449/realtime DJIA is down 0.1% to 16,975.53.
The Nasdaq /quotes/zigman/12633936/realtime COMP bucked the trend to edge up 0.1% to 4,448.45.
- 12:02 pm
- Plug Power rallies on Wal Mart order
- by Sue Chang
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Plug Power /quotes/zigman/5142101/delayed /quotes/nls/plug PLUG rallied following an announcement that it received an additional order from Wal-Mart Stores to add a seventh GenKey site to its original contract.
The new site will have 286 GenDrive fuel cell units and is likely to be operational in the third quarter of 2014. Plug Power did not provide financial terms of the latest order.
Shares of Plug Power rose 6.1% to $5.85. The stock is up 277% for the year.
- 12:45 pm
- Economy & Consumer
- by SitalS. Patel
- Add a Comment
Credit Union National Association chief economist Mike Schenk in an interview with MarketWatch said he's upbeat about the economic outlook, but a little "leary" of the consumer confidence numbers out this morning.
"Wage growth has been basically flat for the last seven years," said Schenk.
Consumers are probably feeling good about the improvement in the employment picture, but it's not all rosy for American households, says the chief economist.
In a recent survey by the Credit Union, less than half of households say they are better off now than they were a year ago. Schenk points to waeker job growth in certain sectors.
"The economy is still down 3 million jobs in manufacturing and construction," said Schenk.
- 12:51 pm
- Up from day's lows
- by Victor Reklaitis
- Add a Comment
The main indexes have lifted up from their session lows, and they're all slightly to moderately positive at last check.
The Dow has been wobbling around the 17,000 mark, and right now it's back above that level.
Dow +0.2% to 17015
Nasdaq +0.3%
Russell 2000 +0.6%
- 1:14 pm
- Twitter stock up ahead of earnings
- by Joseph Adinolfi
- Add a Comment
Twitter is up 1.35% ahead of its earnings report set for after the close. MarketWatch reporter Ben Pimentel reports that Twitter's market cap has fallen below its IPO level.
Read: Twitter sheds $14 billion in value this year as market cap dips below IPO level
In other social media stocks news, Facebook is down 1.4%, LinkedIn is up 0.60% and Groupon is down 1.2%.
- 1:48 pm
- Dow retreats from session high
- by Joseph Adinolfi
- Add a Comment
The Dow has retreated from session highs, falling to 16,935.
The S&P is up .04% at 1,979.
The Russell is up 0.09% at 1,102.6.
The Nasdaq is at 4,460.3, up 0.35%.
- 1:58 pm
- Add a Comment
- 2:01 pm
- MarketWatch Radio newscast
- by Anora Mahmudova
- Add a Comment
Wall Street awaits word on interest rates. All eyes are on the Fed, according to Brian Amidei of HighTower Advisors.
- 2:05 pm
- Maybe you should listen to Janet Yellen
- by Joseph Adinolfi
- Add a Comment
While the market continues to climb higher on the back of heightened consumer sentiment and positive earnings reports, investors would do well to take a step back and listen to the warnings coming out of the Fed, said Douglas Cote, of Voya Investment Management, in a note.
Specifically Fed Chairwoman Janet Yellen's statement that valuation metrics for some sectors appear "substantially stretched."
In this low volatility market it's easy "to ignore any excesses that are potentially building," Cote said.
Photo credit: Reuters
- 2:27 pm
- Make money from the Fed
- by Ben Eisen
- Add a Comment
Though most don't expect the Fed to cause much market volatility this time around, you may still be able to make money. The occasion of the central bank meeting is a good chance to call attention to a story by The Wall Street Journal's Justin Lahart earlier this month, which cites a study by two economists, Anna Cieslak of Northwestern University and Adair Morse and Annette Vissing-Jørgensen of the University of California Berkeley. The story recently resurfaced on Twitter. Here's the highlight:
"Consider the following investing strategy: On the day before a Fed policy announcement, buy the stocks in the S&P 500 index. Sell them a week later, and buy them again the following week. Stick with that pattern until the Fed next meets.
"Sound ridiculous? A portfolio run this way since early 1994, when the Fed's policy-setting committee began publicly announcing interest rate decisions, would have returned about 650%. That is significantly better than the S&P 500′s total return over the entire period of about 505%."
- 2:37 pm
- Stocks turn negative in choppy trading
- by Anora Mahmudova
- Add a Comment
The S&P 500 and the Dow industrials dipped into the red again. The Nasdaq Composite is still hanging onto modest gains.
S&P 500 -2.7 points
Dow -17.3 points
Nasdaq +8.1 points
- 2:38 pm
- Checking in on the markets
- by Ben Eisen
- Add a Comment
The price of gold continues to waver around $1,300 an ounce. Gold for August delivery /quotes/zigman/11829489/delayed GCQ4 settled $5 lower on the day, dropping back to $1,298.30 amid speculation about tighter monetary policy.
In other news, Treasurys are climbing and oil futures were mixed. With stock indexes now mixed as well, these markets are all marching to the beat of their own drummers.
(Photo credit: Bloomberg)
- 2:47 pm
- S&P's downers
- by Ben Eisen
- Add a Comment
So what's weighing on the S&P 500 index? Here's are the three stocks leading the decline:
Corning Inc. /quotes/zigman/223221/delayed /quotes/nls/glw GLW posted some downbeat earnings results. -9.9%
Eastman Chemical Co. /quotes/zigman/134438/delayed /quotes/nls/emn EMN missed expectations on its revenue figures, though it beat on profit. -7.4%
GameStop Corp. /quotes/zigman/389699/delayed /quotes/nls/gme GME is down after news that EA and Microsoft are teaming up on an Xbox One subscription service. – 7%
- 2:58 pm
- Industrial sector heads lower
- by Ben Eisen
- Add a Comment
And the sector taking the biggest toll on the S&P 500 is the industrial category, down 0.78%. Among the decliners in that category:
United Parcel Service Inc. /quotes/zigman/251269/delayed /quotes/nls/ups UPS had some rough earnings this morning. -4.3%
Eaton Corp. /quotes/zigman/13017293/delayed /quotes/nls/etn ETN : Also some sagging earnings. -8%
- 3:03 pm
- Sharknado
- by Sital S. Patel
- Add a Comment
Markets tank while waiting for Sharknado 2 to air on Syfy channel on July 30. Owned by Comcast /quotes/zigman/89307/delayed /quotes/nls/cmcsa CMCSA . Just kidding. Here's its star Ian Zeiring stopping by in our building.
- 3:07 pm
- A Party in telecommunications
- by Ben Eisen
- Add a Comment
But don't forget about the telecommunications sector of the S&P, which is up 2.6%, despite the broader losses for the index. That grouping of stocks has only five companies in it, three of which are on a tear. Here's why:
Windstream Holdings Inc. /quotes/zigman/21375738/delayed /quotes/nls/win WIN said it is spinning some assets into a newly created REIT, sending it to 12% gains. If it is successful in those efforts, it could spur serious gains for other network communications companies. CenturyLink Inc. /quotes/zigman/203112/delayed /quotes/nls/ctl CTL was up 7% and Frontier Communications Corp. /quotes/zigman/7729100/delayed /quotes/nls/ftr FTR was up 16% on such hopes.
MarketWatch's Tomi Kilgore reports:
"Analyst Timothy Horan of Oppenheimer said if Windstream's plans are successful, it will be a 'game changer' for the shares of similar network communications companies, which he believes are now "20% or so undervalued across the board."
(Photo credit NOAA via Getty)
- 3:18 pm
- Argentina turns up in mutual funds
- by Ben Eisen
- Add a Comment
Here's a story that you may find interesting as we count down to the Wednesday deadline for Argentina to either reach a deal with its holdout hedge fund creditors, or default on its debt of the second time in 13 years. While you may know the hedge funds are making big bets in Argentine government bonds, mutual funds aren't immune to exposure. Many household name asset managers have exposure to Argentine bonds in one form or another.
In one particularly large exposure, Highland Capital Management's Global Allocation Fund /quotes/zigman/4149253/realtime HCOAX , has built up a stake in the bonds totaling $95.9 million, or 17% of the fund's net assets. The fund began accumulating the position in June.
Take a look too at Argentina's Merval stock index /quotes/zigman/1467195/delayed AR:MERV , which has been particularly volatile. It's up 2.5% on Tuesday.
- 3:27 pm
- Support and resistance
- by Ben Eisen
- Add a Comment
Here's some stuff technical analysis from Stephen Suttmeier over at Bank of America Merrill Lynch on where the support and resistance levels are for the S&P and Nasdaq
"Key supports at 1,955-1,944 on the S&P 500 and 4371-4341 on the NASDAQ Comp are holding. It would take a loss of these levels to confirm a corrective phase for US equities and deeper downside risk to 1900-1853 on the S&P 500 and 4,284-4,185 on the NASDAQ. Until then, the S&P 500 uptrend from the April low and the NASDAQ upside breakout are intact. Resistances are 2,000-2,025 on the S&P 500 and 4,485 and 4,620-4,700 on the NASDAQ."
For some backdrop, the S&P is at 1,975 and the Nasdaq is at 4,452.
- 3:32 pm
- New intraday lows
- by Ben Eisen
- Add a Comment
The Dow just plumbed a new intraday low, trading down 30 points at 16,946.83.
The S&P is at 1,973.73, near its intraday low of 1,973.46.
The market has been weak this afternoon following an agreement among Western nations on new sanctions against Russia.
- 3:35 pm
- S&P hits new low too
- by Ben Eisen
- Add a Comment
The S&P 500 marked a new intraday low as well, dropping below the 1,973 threshold.
- 3:41 pm
- Obama speaking
- by Victor Reklaitis
- Add a Comment
President Obama is speaking right now outside the White House.
Let's see how the market reacts to his comments.
- 3:48 pm
- Reaction to Obama
- by Victor Reklaitis
- Add a Comment
Obama is still speaking, but so far he's talked about new wider sanctions against Russia due to the developments in Ukraine.
The S&P 500 and Dow have slumped to new session lows, and the Nasdaq has erased mild gains to turn roughly flat.
Dow -0.3%
Nasdaq +0.04%
Credit for file photo: Reuters
- 3:53 pm
- Up slightly from session lows
- by Victor Reklaitis
- Add a Comment
Obama has finished speaking, and the main indexes have lifted up a bit from their session lows.
He discussed targeting Russia's energy, arms and finance sectors.
Dow -0.3%
Nasdaq +0.05%
Russell 2000 +0.3%
- 4:03 pm
- The close!
- by Victor Reklaitis
- Add a Comment
The S&P 500, Dow and Nasdaq sold off into the close to end right around their session lows.
S&P 500 -0.45%, according to early FactSet data
Dow -0.4% to 16,912 after spending time above 17,000 intraday
Nasdaq -0.05%
Russell 2000 +0.2%, bucking the negative trend. Interesting since it's mostly underperformed this year.
- 4:08 pm
- More on the sanctions news
- by Victor Reklaitis
- Add a Comment
MarketWatch's Greg Robb has a short story on the sanctions developments that got the blame for today's selloff:
"In a brief statement at the White House hours after the European Union set new sanctions, Obama said that Russia has continued to undermine efforts to solve the crisis in eastern Ukraine diplomatically. Obama said the sanctions would have a 'bigger bite' now that Europe has also moved. The expanded sanctions will target the Russian energy, defense, and finance sectors, Obama said."
Read more here.
That's a wrap for today's live blog.
Check out our After Hours columnby Sue Chang for details on late movers on earnings… Twitter /quotes/zigman/23556538/delayed /quotes/nls/twtr TWTR , AmEx /quotes/zigman/217470/delayed /quotes/nls/axp AXP and more. It will be updated shortly.


text:
Pol Bury
The Printed HeadVolume III, Number 6
Entirely serious explorations of what is possible in painting using media of surprising provenance. Pol Bury was an associate of COBRA and the founder of Daily Bul.
Pol Bury - painter, sculptor and writer - was born in Haine-Saint-Pierre (Belgium) on 26th April 1922. In 1938 he attended the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Mons and shortly afterwards began to frequent the Surrealists in Belgium. During the 1920s and '30s, the influence of Surrealism was spreading throughout the world and in 1935 La Louvičre had hosted a major exhibition. However, although Bury participated in the Exposition internationale du Surréalism held in Brussels in 1945, he was already beginning to distance himself from the Surrealist movement as he came under the spell of abstraction. Between 1949 and 1951 he participated, in a small way, in the activities of the COBRA group. Bury was so impressed by Calder's exhibition in 1950 in Paris that he completely changed course and by 1953 had abandoned painting to make mobile plans. The exploration of movement would prove to be one of his major preoccupations and in 1957, he invented his Multi-Plans, which make use of slow arhythmically moving slats. A number of his objects and sculptures feature similar barely perceptible movement "whose erotic and oneiric fascination" - as one critic has noted - "is reinforced by the abstract simplicity of the forms." During the course of the 1960s and '70s, Pol Bury's work continued to evolve. In 1968 he erected his first large-sclae public work (a fountain at the University of Iowa) and in 1976 a ceiling of 75 mobile elements for the Brussels métro. Despite numerous exhibitions (Caracas, Hanover, Houston, Paris, Toronto, and three in New York in 1971 alone), Pol Bury has continued to write throughout his career.
The present book consists of all but 4 pages of two separate books: L'Art inopiné dans les Collections publiques (1982) and Guide des Musées de l'Art inopiné (1988). Both were published by Daily-Bul, the publishing house Pol Bury co-founded in 1954 with André Balthazar.
Site contents Copyright © Atlas Press 1999-2019
BCM Atlas Press, 27 Old Gloucester Street, London WC1N 3XX, UK


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There is now an 'organic' yeast developed from a biodynamic vineyard in Champagne. I met the news with eyebrows raised and lip curled. The whole idea smacked of commercialism in a way that first outraged and then saddened me. This stupid idea was going to stand in the way of school-trained winemakers from getting the feel of native yeast fermentation and will give them an excuse, "but now there's an organic yeast!"
Big deal.
Because the whole idea seems opposed to the spirit and purpose of bioD and organic, I was compelled to take a meeting at the Champagne lab, Śnotechnique, the one that took ten years to develop Quartz--The Yeast--before placing it on the market for the 2007 vintage.
The consultant I met with, James Darsonville, had a print of Van Gogh and an African violet plant on his desk and a little pin, like the Italian's wear. I can't help it, I always associate the decoration with black shirts. But Mr. Darsonville was very friendly, excited, clearly not used to requests from the press.
He explained everyone who makes champagne must yeast, though he did admit some few don't for the first fermentation (many but not all of our guys, Pierre Larmandier, David Leclapart, Lassaigne, Vouette Sorbe, to name a few.). But, they run great risk, especially in developing volatile acidity which can be identified by the aroma of nail polish or apple cider vinegar.
The second fermentation, however, is more difficult because it's a total manipulation anyway. (For another blog, just trust me).
M. Darsonville was happy to explain that winemakers all over the world were enthused about this yeast. It has shown up in wines from Chile and Down Under. VinQuiry sells it in California. Requests are coming from wineries that want to make organic wines, which is just the kind of 'legitimacy' for yeasting I don't want to see. (Oy.) Given how big GREEN is at the moment, they stand to make pots of dough off of this.
"And as far as using the yeast? Is it good?" I asked.
He smiled and said, "C'est bio, C'est bon."
No doubt the lab intends to wink, wink all the way to the bank, they might even put the moto on their deposit slips.
The next morning I was at Fleury in Courteron to see the vineyards that are now immortalized in packets from the lab.
Did you ever see such gorgeous vineyards? Truly.
The village of Courteron has 25 hectares in biodynamic. Who says they can't farm biodynamically in Champagne? Fleury, who was the first, said two other neighbors seeing his success followed suit. "We are like Les Trois Mousquetaires . I'm d'Artagnan."
Jean-Sebastien Fleury says they will get no royalties from the yeast sales but will receive free yeast every year.
Nevertheless, yeast or no yeast, some of his champers are delicious. I particularly loved the Cuve Robert Fleury (blend of all three grapes. Round and creamy with bits of mandarin) and the honeysuckle-ish 1996 Fleury and his wife's pure and delicious gougres.
During that visit, I saw that Jean-Sebastien was innocent about the potential misuse of his yeast. He is an enthused astronomer, and as he gazes at Orion's Belt he will have no idea how his little (but I hear fast fermenting yeast) will be used by winemakers and companies hoping to capitalize on the current sex appeal of organic.


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As the nation's largest physician-owned and managed occupational health care company, WorkCare has provided occupational healthcare services to some of the world's most prominent organizations since 1984.
At WorkCare, we believe health care that harmonizes with your company's environment and business objective is better care. Our clients benefit from an extensive selection of wellness resources suitable to their individual needs with more than 3,500 clinic providers nationwide and a growing international clinic provider network. Through our comprehensive medical services, we maximize the health and safety of more than 1,000,000 workers per year on a worldwide basis. Our board-certified occupational health physicians are passionate about delivering our mission to improve employee health, productivity and safety through physician managed consulting services, technology-based information systems and customer-focused business models. From preventative programs to primary care, medical surveillance and health management, we have created a standard of excellence that improves quality of life, generates cost-effective care and improves the health care of the workforce.
As an integrated health provider, WorkCare is at the forefront of helping employers meet the challenges of managing today's workforce. WorkCare is owned by a physician who, along with a team of allied credentialed health professionals, provide strategic and tactical consulting services and programs to:
We encourage employee growth and professional development and believe in the value of life-long learning. Employee input into our business is valued as we believe that everyone has a unique role and is a valued contributor.
We are currently looking for a Part Time Occupational Health Physician to join our client site in Waynesboro, VA.
Flexible Schedule: 2 days a month (8 hour days)
Software Powered by iCIMS


text:
Bank holiday
A bank holiday is a public holiday in the United Kingdom, some Commonwealth countries, Hong Kong and the Republic of Ireland. There is no automatic right to time off on these days,[1] but banks close and the majority of the working population is granted time off work or extra pay for working on these days, depending on their contract. The first official bank holidays were the four days named in the Bank Holidays Act 1871, but today the term is also commonly used for Good Friday and Christmas Day, which were already public holidays under common law and therefore not official bank holidays in England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland.[2]
Until 1834, the Bank of England observed about 33 saints' days and religious festivals as holidays, but in that year this was reduced to four: 1 May (May Day), 1 November (All Saints' Day), Good Friday and Christmas Day. In 1871, the first legislation relating to bank holidays was passed when Liberal politician and banker Sir John Lubbock introduced the Bank Holidays Act 1871, which specified the days in the table below.[3] Under the Act, no person was compelled to make any payment or to do any act upon a bank holiday which he would not be compelled to do or make on Christmas Day or Good Friday, and the making of a payment or the doing of an act on the following day was equivalent to doing it on the holiday.[4] People were so grateful that some called the first Bank Holidays St Lubbock's Days for a while.[5] Scotland was treated separately because of its separate traditions: for example, New Year is a more important holiday there.[citation needed]
|England, Wales and Ireland
|1st and 2nd January
|Easter Monday
|Good Friday
|Whit Monday
|First Monday in May
|First Monday in August
|First Monday in August
|Boxing Day/St Stephen's Day
The Act did not include Good Friday and Christmas Day as bank holidays in England, Wales, or Ireland because they were already recognised as common law holidays: they had been customary holidays since time immemorial.[3]
In 1903, the Bank Holiday (Ireland) Act added 17 March, Saint Patrick's Day, as a bank holiday for Ireland only.[6] Christmas Day did not become a Bank Holiday in Scotland until 1958. New Year's Day did not become a bank holiday in England until 1 January 1974. Boxing Day did not become a Bank Holiday in Scotland until 1974.
In the United KingdomEdit
Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971Edit
Commencing in 1965, experimentally, the August Bank Holiday weekend was observed at the end of August "to give a lead in extending British holidays over a longer summer period".[7] Each year's date was announced in Parliament on an ad-hoc basis, to the despair of the calendar and diary publishing trade.[8] The rule seems to have been to select the weekend of the last Saturday in August, so that in 1968[9] and 1969[10] Bank Holiday Monday actually fell in September.
A century after the 1871 Act, the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971, which currently regulates bank holidays in the UK, was passed.[11] The majority of the current bank holidays were specified in the 1971 Act: however New Year's Day and May Day were not introduced throughout the whole of the UK until 1974 and 1978 respectively.[12] The date of the August bank holiday was changed from the first Monday in August to the last Monday in August, and the Whitsun bank holiday (Whit Monday) was replaced by the Late Spring Bank Holiday, fixed as the last Monday in May.[13] In 1978 the first Monday in May in the rest of the UK, and the final Monday of May in Scotland, were designated as bank holidays.[14]
In January 2007, the St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007 was given royal assent, making 30 November (or the nearest Monday if a weekend) a bank holiday in Scotland.[15]
Royal proclamationEdit
Under the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971, bank holidays are proclaimed each year by the legal device of a royal proclamation. Royal proclamation is also used to move bank holidays that would otherwise fall on a weekend. In this way, public holidays are not 'lost' in years when they coincide with weekends. These deferred bank holiday days are termed a 'bank holiday in lieu' of the typical anniversary date. In the legislation they are known as 'substitute days'. The movement of the St Andrew's Day Scottish holiday to the nearest Monday when 30 November is a weekend day is statutory and does not require a proclamation.
In ScotlandEdit
A number of differences apply in Scotland relative to the rest of the United Kingdom. For example, Easter Monday is not a bank holiday. Also, although they share the same name, the Summer Bank Holiday falls on the first Monday of August in Scotland, as opposed to the last Monday in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Despite this, it is custom and practice to follow the rest of the UK and banks close on the last Monday and not the first.
Bank holidays do not, however, assume the same importance in Scotland as they do elsewhere. Whereas they have effectively become public holidays elsewhere in the United Kingdom, in Scotland there remains a tradition of public holidays based on local tradition and determined by local authorities (for example, the Glasgow Fair and the Dundee Fortnight). In 1996, Scottish banks made the business decision to harmonise their own holidays with the rest of the United Kingdom, with the result that 'bank holidays' in Scotland are neither public holidays nor the days on which banks are closed.
Campaigns for extra bank holidaysEdit
The number of holidays in the UK is relatively small compared to many other European countries. However, direct comparison is inaccurate since the 'substitute day' scheme of deferment does not apply in most European countries, where holidays that coincide with a weekend (29% of fixed-date holidays) are 'lost'. In fact, the average number of non-weekend holidays in such countries is only marginally higher (and in some cases lower) than the UK. Worth mentioning is that public holidays in Europe which fall on Thursday or Tuesday typically become "puente" or "bridge" four-day or even six-day extended holiday weekends as people tend to use one or two days from their holiday entitlement to take off Monday and/or Friday.
There have been calls for more bank holidays.[16] Among the most notable dates absent from the existing list are the feast days of patron saints; 23 April (St George's Day and widely regarded[17] as the birthday of William Shakespeare) in England and 1 March (St David's Day) in Wales are not currently recognised. 17 March (St Patrick's Day) is a public holiday in Northern Ireland and, since 2008, 30 November (St Andrew's Day) is a bank holiday in Scotland. In 2009, it was reported that St Piran's Day (patron saint of the county of Cornwall) on 5 March is already given as an unofficial day off to many government and other workers in the county, and there are renewed calls for the government to recognise this as an official bank holiday there.[18][19]
Proposed move of May Day Bank Holiday (England and Wales)Edit
After the election of the Coalition Government in May 2010, the Department of Culture, Media and Sport launched a pre-consultation in 2011 which included the suggestion of moving the May Day Bank Holiday to October, to be a "UK Day" or "Trafalgar Day" (21 October) or to St David's Day and St George's Day.[20]
It is suggested that a move from the May bank holiday to a St Piran's Day bank holiday in Cornwall, on 5 March, would benefit the Cornish economy by £20–35 million.[21]
1968 Emergency Bank HolidayEdit
During the sterling crisis of 1968, Prime Minister Harold Wilson convened a meeting of the privy council in the early hours of 14 March to declare 15 March a non-statutory bank holiday. This allowed the UK government to close the London gold market to stem the losses being suffered by the British pound.[22] It was this meeting that triggered the resignation of Foreign Secretary George Brown.
UK Bank Holiday salesEdit
In the UK, every bank holiday retailers offer large discounts to entice people to shop, particularly for large domestic purchases such as electrical goods and furniture.[citation needed] In particular, Argos, Currys and Amazon typically have large discounts and high revenues on these days.[citation needed]
Boxing DayEdit
Boxing Day is a holiday celebrated in Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and other Commonwealth countries. Boxing Day originated in England in the middle of the nineteenth century under Queen Victoria. For years in which the holiday falls on a weekend, the celebration is moved to make sure workers still get a day off (except in Canada, where it remains 26 Dec.) In the UK December 26 is Bank Holiday unless it falls on a Saturday - in which case December 28 is a Bank Holiday-or a Sunday, in which case both December 27th and 28th are Bank Holidays - the former in lieu of Christmas Day. The legislation does not use the term 'Boxing Day'.
List of current holidays in the United Kingdom, Ireland and the Isle of ManEdit
|England and Wales[23] (8)
|Scotland[23] (9)
|Northern Ireland[24](10)
|Republic of Ireland[25] (9)
|Isle of Man[26] (10)
|1 January[1]
|New Year's Day
|2 January[1]
|2 January
|17 March[1]
|St Patrick's Day
|The Friday before Easter Sunday
|Good Friday
|The Monday after Easter Sunday
|Easter Monday
|First Monday in May[2][3]
|Early May Bank Holiday
|Last Monday in May[4][5]
|Spring Bank Holiday / Late May Bank Holiday
|First Monday in June
|June Bank Holiday
|First Friday in June
|TT Bank Holiday
|5 July
|Tynwald Day
|12 July[1]
|The Twelfth (Battle of the Boyne)
|First Monday in August
|Summer Bank Holiday
|Last Monday in August
|Late Summer Bank Holiday / August Bank Holiday
|Last Monday in October
|October Bank Holiday
|30 November[1]
|St Andrew's Day
|25 December[1]
|Christmas Day
|26 December[1]
|Boxing Day / St Stephen's Day
In the past, additional one-off bank holidays have included: (i) Wednesday 14 November 1973, to celebrate the Wedding of Princess Anne and Captain Mark Phillips at Westminster Abbey; (ii) Tuesday 7 June 1977, to celebrate The Queen's Silver Jubilee; (iii) Wednesday 29 July 1981, to celebrate the Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer at St. Paul's Cathedral; [27] (iv) Friday 31 December 1999, to enable people to prepare for the festivities to mark the arrival of the new millennium;[6] (v) Monday 3 June 2002 to celebrate The Queen's Golden Jubilee (Spring Bank Holiday was moved to Tuesday 4 June 2002);[28] (vi) Friday 29 April 2011, to celebrate the Wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton; (vii) Tuesday 5 June 2012, to celebrate The Queen's Diamond Jubilee
- Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g When the stated date falls on a Saturday or Sunday, the following Monday is normally designated a public holiday instead. When Christmas Day falls on a Saturday (and thus 26 December on a Sunday), Monday 27 December and Tuesday 28 December are the designated substitute public holidays.
- ^ In 1995 this holiday was moved to 8 May – to commemorate the 50th anniversary of VE Day.
- ^ In 2011 an additional public holiday was declared to ensure that most people would have a chance to celebrate the Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, making a four-day weekend as May day was on the following Monday.
"Royal Wedding: Prince William and Kate set date". BBC. 23 November 2010. Archived from the original on 24 November 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- ^ In 2002 this holiday was moved to 4 June. This caused it to follow an extra bank holiday on 3 June, making a four-day weekend to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.
- ^ In 2012 this holiday was moved to 4 June. It was then followed by an extra holiday on 5 June, making a four-day weekend to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.
- ^ House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 3 June 1998, Hansard, 3 June 1998, retrieved 28 January 2012.
In AustraliaEdit
Public holidays are not generally known as "bank holidays" in Australia, although in the state of Victoria, all statutory holidays, their substitutes, and Saturdays are legally defined as "bank holidays".[29]
In two other states there are two particular public holidays, for specific occupations only, which are officially known as "Bank Holiday":
- in New South Wales has a "Bank Holiday" on the first Monday in August – for bank employees only.
- in Tasmania, Easter Tuesday is a holiday for bank and government employees only.
In GibraltarEdit
The public holidays in Gibraltar are a mix of "bank holidays" and "public holidays" and are often used interchangeably, although strictly and legally there is a difference.
In Hong KongEdit
In Hong Kong, the term "bank holiday" is used colloquially to refer to public holidays.
In IndiaEdit
In India, 15 of the public holidays are bank holidays.
In IrelandEdit
In Ireland, "bank holiday" is a colloquial term, sometimes used incorrectly for what are officially "public holidays". A bank holiday in Ireland are only days in which Bank employees are off, e.g. Good Friday is a Bank Holiday, but not a Public Holiday.
See alsoEdit
- ^ "UK Bank Holidays". GOV.uk. 14 August 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "UK bank holidays – GOV.UK". gov.uk. 17 March 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
- ^ a b Anon (22 May 2007). "Bank Holiday Fact File" (PDF). TUC press release. TUC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
- ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 320.
- ^ Olmert, Michael (1996). Milton's Teeth and Ovid's Umbrella: Curiouser & Curiouser Adventures in History, p.170. Simon & Schuster, New York. ISBN 0-684-80164-7.
- ^ "Bank Holidays (Ireland) Bill". Hansard, the Official Report of debates in Parliament. UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 24 February 2010. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
- ^ "Bank Holiday on the Last Monday in August". The Times Digital Archive. 5 March 1964. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
- ^ "1969 Dilemma on Diary Dates". The Times Digital Archive. 27 January 1967. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
- ^ "Bank Holiday Dates For 1967 And 1968". The Times Digital Archive. 4 June 1965. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
- ^ "1969 Bank Holidays". The Times Digital Archive. 22 March 1967. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
- ^ Ready, Nigel P.; Brooke, Richard (2002), Brooke's notary (12 ed.), Sweet & Maxwell, p. 479, ISBN 978-0-421-67280-2
- ^ Scrope, Henry; Barnett, Daniel (2008), Employment Law Handbook (4 ed.), Henry Scrope, p. 135, ISBN 978-1-85328-674-2
- ^ McWhirter, Norris; Stowe, Moira F. (1980), The Guinness book of answers: a handbook of general knowledge (3 ed.), Guinness Superlatives, p. 7, ISBN 978-0-85112-202-1
- ^ Morrow, Thomas. "Bank Holidays a history". Bank Holidays a history by Thomas Morrow. Archived from the original on 31 October 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
- ^ Great Britain Parliament House of Lords European Union Committee (2007), Modernising European Union labour law: has the UK anything to gain?, report with evidence, 22nd report of session 2006–07, The Stationery Office, p. 100, ISBN 978-0-10-485171-5
- ^ Union leaders are campaigning for an extra bank holiday BBC News 27 October 2004
- ^ Schoenbaum, S. (1987). William Shakespeare: A Compact Documentary Life. Oxford University Press. pp. 24–26..
- ^ "Renewed call for St Piran holiday". BBC News. 5 March 2009. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
- ^ Gledhill, Ruth (5 March 2009). "Cornwall workers given an unofficial day off for St Pirans Day". The Times. London. Retrieved 31 March 2010.[dead link]
- ^ "Pre-Consultation on moving the May Day Bank Holiday". GOV.uk. 12 May 2011.
- ^ "Cornish National Holiday worth £35m". Western Morning News. 23 November 2011. Archived from the original on 24 November 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
- ^ "Statesman who bottled out: 'Tired and Emotional: The Life of Lord George Brown'". The Independent. 9 May 1993.
- ^ a b Bank holidays and British Summer Time, Directgov, 8 February 2012, retrieved 15 April 2012
- ^ Bank holidays, NIDirect, 6 April 2012, retrieved 15 April 2012
- ^ Public holidays, Citizens Information Board, retrieved 15 April 2012
- ^ "Bank Holidays". Government of the Isle of Man. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^ http://touchstoneblog.org.uk/2010/11/royal-wedding-give-workers-a-day-off-to-toast-will-and-kate/
- ^ https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/uk/2002
- ^ "Public Holidays Act 1993 (Vic) s. 9" (PDF). Victorian Legislation and Parliamentary Documents. Parliament of Victoria. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
External linksEdit
- Text of the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.
- Annual leave and public holidays (Ireland)
- Calendar of all legal Public and Bank Holidays worldwide, until 2050
- FirstCaribbean International Bank: Bank Holidays in the Caribbean region
- Bank Holidays 2016 in India
- List of Bank Holidays and other significant days for the UK
- Bank Holiday dates for the UK, Scotland and Northern Ireland


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And the Babe of the Week Is… Bethanie Badertscher!
There's no stopping Bethanie Badertscher — she was crowned Playboy's Cyber Girl of the Month back in June 2010, Cyber Girl of the Year in 2011, then our Babe of the Day, and now she's taken home the Babe of the Week title.
We're just impressed that she was able to beat out the overtly sexy Zina Figgiani and Hybrid Hunny Jasmin Pacheco, who took home the second and third place spots.
We would've asked Badertscher to pose nude for us, but we know she's "INCREDIBLY selective" about that particular area of modeling. (Rats!) It's all good though 'cause her body of work is all we really need to keep us warm at night. Check it out.
Here's the deal: At the end of the week, each Babe of the Day will compete for your votes and the winner will become Babe of the Week. Each week's winner will then face off to become Babe of the Month, and those winners will then duke it out for – you guessed it – the Babe of the Year title. Only those lucky ladies will be inducted into GuySpeed's Hall of Fame, an honor reserved for the hottest of babes.


text:
by Beth L. Savage and Marilyn Harper
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service
PDF of: My Property is Important to America's Heritage What Does that Mean? (5 MB)
Why Should We Preserve Historic Places?
If we wish to have a future with greater meaning, we must concern ourselves...with the total heritage of the nation and all that is worth preserving from our past as a living part of the present.
-- With Heritage So Rich, 1966
There are a variety of programs to identify and assist in preserving historic properties as living parts of communities, States, and the Nation. In 1992, the U.S. Congress reaffirmed the reasons for enacting these programs:
Established under the Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, the national historic preservation program is a partnership between the Federal, State, and local governments; private, non-profit organizations; and the public. The Act and its provisions establish the framework within which citizens plan, identify, evaluate, register, and protect significant historic and archeological properties throughout the Nation.
How Does the Federal Government Designate Properties as Historic?
Listing in the National Register of Historic Places
The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 assigns the National Register of Historic Places a central role in recognizing buildings, sites, districts, structures, and objects significant in American history, archeology, architecture, engineering, or culture, and identifying them as worthy of preservation. Anyone can prepare a nomination to the National Register, working with the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) in their State. State and Federal Historic Preservation Officers (FPOs) also survey and evaluate properties in their jurisdictions, determine which of these properties are eligible for listing, and prepare nominations to the Register. Nominations submitted through the States must first be approved by a Review Board appointed by the Governor before being reviewed by the National Register staff. If the professional staff at the National Register concludes that the property meets the criteria for evaluation, it is recommended for listing to the Keeper of the National Register.
Determinations of Eligibility for Listing in the National Register of Historic Places
The National Historic Preservation Act also gives the Keeper of the National Register authority to determine that historic properties are eligible for listing in the National Register, without formally listing them. This occurs when:
Designation as a National Historic Landmark
To recognize the national significance of properties that possess exceptional values or qualities in illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the United States, the Secretary of the Interior designates some historic places as National Historic Landmarks. National Park Service historians and archeologists study and evaluate these properties within the context of major themes of American history. Properties judged to be nationally significant are nominated by the National Park Service and forwarded to the National Park System Advisory Board, which may recommend to the Secretary of the Interior that the property be designated a National Historic Landmark. When designated, National Historic Landmarks are listed in the National Register.
What Can I Do If I Don't Agree With A Federal Designation?
By law, a property cannot be formally listed in the National Register of Historic Places or designated as a National Historic Landmark if the private owner of the property, or a majority of private owners, has filed a notarized objection prior to its listing or designation.
In addition, if you believe that any State and Federal decision regarding historic properties
you may appeal the decision by contacting the appropriate State or Federal Historic Preservation Officer.
Appeals of National Historic Landmark decisions should be made to the Director of the National Park Service.
What Happens When A Federal Agency Is Planning A Project That May Affect My Property?
There are no Federal designations that place Federal restrictions on private property owners.
Federal agencies, however, must consider the effects of their activities (construction, licensing, or permits) on historic properties. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 directs Federal agencies to take into account the effects of projects on historic or archeological properties that are listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Agencies must consult with the State Historic Preservation Officer and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, an independent Federal agency that advises the President and the Congress on matters pertaining to preservation of historic architectural, archeological, and cultural properties. The Advisory Council comments on how the project affects significant properties. In most cases, agreement on how a project will be carried out with the least harm to important properties is written into a Memorandum of Agreement which is signed by the agency, the SHPO, and the Advisory Council.
My State Or Community Says My Property Is Historic. What Does That Mean?
Many States and localities have laws to encourage the preservation of their historic places. Some have enacted their own identification procedures, but many use listing in the National Register as an indicator of historic significance.
State and local historic preservation programs often provide some protection against the possible harmful effects of State funded, licensed, or assisted projects. Some provide limited financial assistance to owners in the form of grants, loans, or tax benefits. They may establish other protections for preservation purposes. Programs differ from State to State, and within States; your State Historic Preservation Officer or local planning department can give you more information.
What Can I Do To Help Protect My Historic Property?
I. Use These Tools When Available In Your Community:
II. Use These Tools When Available at the State Level:
III. Use Applicable Federal Tools:
Where Can I Get More Information?
National Register of Historic Places
This office maintains the National Register and can provide information on the National Register program, including computerized lists of properties, copies of National Register documentation, and information on preparing nominations. The office can also provide names, addresses, and telephone numbers of State Historic Preservation Officers, Federal Historic Preservation Officers and Tribal Preservation Officers.
National Historic Landmarks
Through the combined efforts of the National Historic Landmarks Survey and the National Historic Landmarks Initiative, the National Park Service conducts the National Historic Landmarks program for the Secretary of the Interior. It is a cooperative endeavor of government agencies, professionals, and independent organizations sharing knowledge with the Service and working jointly to identify and preserve National Historic Landmarks.
Council on Historic Preservation
The Council can provide further information on Section 106 review.
List of National Register Bulletins
State Historic Preservation Officers
The Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation: Regulations of the National Register of Historic Places (36 CFR 60) under authority of the national Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended; Regulations regarding Federal agency Determinations of Eligibility (36 CFR 63) under authority of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, and Executive Order 11593; Regulations for historic preservation certifications pursuant to section 48(g) and section 170(h) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (36 CFR 67); Regulations of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (36 CFR 800) under authority of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 470 et seq. and Executive Order 11593; Regulations of the National Historic Landmarks Program (36 CFR 65) under the authority of the Historic Sites Act of 1935.
Copies of these documents are available from the National Register of Historic Places.
This brochure was developed by Beth L. Savage and Marilyn Harper of the National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. Assistance was provided by Rama Ramakrisha. Lawrence E. Aten, G. Bernard Callan, Lars Hanslin, Antoinette J. Lee, Ben Levy, Carol D. Shull, and David W. Lowe offered valuable comments.
|National Register Home | Publications Home | Owner Information | Listing a Property | Results of Listing


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ISLAMABAD, April 22 (KUNA) -- Pakistan on Monday conducted a successful training launch of Short Range Surface to Surface Ballistic Missile Hatf III (Ghaznavi), which can carry nuclear and conventional warheads to a range of 290 kilometers, said an official press release.
According to a press release by media wing of Pakistan military Inter Service Public Relations (ISPR), the successful launch concluded the Field Training Exercise of Strategic Missile Group of Army Strategic Forces Command.
The Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC), General Rashad Mahmood and other senior military officials and scientists witnessed the Training Launch.
The CJCSC while addressing the troops in the area commended the troops on achieving technical and operational excellence in operating the state of the art weapon system.
He expressed his satisfaction over the training goals achieved during the exercise and expected that the officers and men entrusted with the task of deterring aggression would continue to maintain professional excellence.
General Mahmood also congratulated all the Scientists and Engineers for the successful launch of Ghaznavi Missile, as another mile stone which has further strengthened the defense potential of Pakistan besides assuring peace in the region, said ISPR release.
President of Pakistan, Mamnoon Hussain and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif warmly appreciated the achievement and congratulated the participating troops, scientists and engineers on their outstanding performance.


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photo 1 of 10
TUF Nations: Episode 12 Octagon Photos
April 03, 2014
10 Photos
Photos from the 12th episode of TUF Nations, featuring the welterweight semifinal fight between Olivier Aubin-Mercier and Richard Walsh.
Getty Images reserves the right to pursue unauthorized users of this image or clip. If you violate our intellectual property you may be liable for: actual damages, loss of income, and profits you derive from the use of this image or clip, and, where appropriate, the costs of collection and/or statutory damages up to $150,000 (USD).


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IMAGE QUALITY: The thumbnails here are deliberately low quality but give you details of the shot content. These images have not been checked individually and if you are unsure about an individual image please ask me to check it before ordering. The image files or prints that I send you will be corrected for colour, contrast and cropped to give you the best possible result. If you do not want the image cropped or want it cropped in a particular way, please tell me.
WATERMARKS: Purchased images have no watermarking, so you know what to do if you don't like the watermarks!
IMAGE FILES: In the list of products to the right of each image you can find different sizes of JPG IMAGE FILES:
SMS CONFIRMATION OF DESPATCH: Please include your mobile phone number on the order and I will send you a text message to confirm when the order is sent. Your number will not be used for any other purpose nor disclosed to any third party.
PURCHASING COMPLETE SET OF IMAGE FILES: If you would like the full set of images for a competitor from this page, use the fixed price option here. For large numbers of images, this option is cheaper than ordering files individually. Just choose the image size required, and add that option to your cart. We will do the rest!
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These samples are the size of the smallest, phone size photos which cost just £2 each, and have no watermarking on! Why bother copying the watermarked thumbnails when you can have an image more than twice the size, better quality and without all the writing for just £2?
In case of any dificulty viewing this page, please contact Ray


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World Bulletin/News Desk
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry told a senior South Sudan official on Thursday that the Juba government needed to end the fighting in the African country, as the State Department brandished the threat of sanctions.
In a meeting with South Sudan's minister of the office of president, Awan Riak, Kerry said: "We will not stand by while the hopes of a nation are held hostage to short-sighted and destructive actors."
In a statement about the meeting, the State Department pointedly noted that President Barack Obama last week authorized possible targeted sanctions against those committing human rights abuses in South Sudan or undermining democracy and obstructing the peace process.
A civil war in South Sudan between the government and rebels has created a humanitarian crisis in the country, which declared independence from Sudan in 2011 but has since been plagued by disorder.
Thousands of people have been killed and more than 1 million people have been displaced since fighting erupted in mid-December, triggered by a power struggle between the government of President Salva Kiir and rebels led by former Vice President Riek Machar. The conflict has also disrupted oil output, which provides a hefty portion of the government's revenue.
The failure of peace talks so far has frustrated Western backers of the world's youngest country, who are pressing both sides to lay down their weapons.
Relief agencies have expressed concern about access to aid because of the warring parties' suspicions of U.N. relief efforts.
The State Department said Kerry noted "his grave concern" about the situation and urged the government "immediately to stop the fighting, provide full humanitarian access, and cease harassment and threats against the U.N. mission."
Kerry called on the country's leaders "to prioritize the interests of the South Sudanese people over their own personal or ethnic interests."Last Mod: 11 Nisan 2014, 11:47


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Dune-like structures in graupel covering the ice surface.
Orientation of dunes a function of wind direction.
Image ID: arct0829, NOAA At The Ends of the Earth Collection
Location: Alaska, Beaufort Sea
Photo Date: 2008 September 24
Credit: Collection of Dr. Pablo Clemente-Colon, Chief Scientist National Ice Center
Category: Arctic Ice/
• High Resolution Photo Available
of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic & Atmospheric
Adminstration (NOAA),
NOAA Central Library
NOAA Privacy Policy
| NOAA Disclaimer
Last Updated:
November 10, 2017


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Do you feel that your PC does not work as it used to? The reason may be one or more problems acting together. The problem nowadays is that it is very difficult and time consuming to monitor and take care of your PC. Even experienced users find it hard to perform such tasks on regular basis.
PC Speed Up will scan your PC and search for settings, processes and files that are slowing down your performance before it uses number of effective tools to optimise your computer. Using one-click, PC Speed Up will make your network settings, hard disc, memory and CPU optimised and will improve the overall performance. Fast and easy to use PC Speed Up will clean your PC and will make it run faster.
"This program is awesome, its fast and works well. Whenever I see junk piling up and computer slowing down, I start the program with selected settings and computer comes to life again." (*)


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There are many jobs available in Germany, but also in some other countries. Here you can find a short overview over some other eurpean and international countries:
Hotel Jobs in Berlin, Hamburg, Frankfurt or Munich - get to work in one of these interesting and trendy cities. Many well know hotels and hotel chains are looking for qualified and highly motivated employees - they are looking for you! Here are some of the most important cities in Germany:
Just browse through our job offers and get further informations on the jobs. If you are interested, you can apply directly online by using our online application form. This is a fast and easy way to get to your new job!
You are looking for a front office job or a job within the housekeeping department of well known hotels? Find job offers as Receptionist or Housekeeper right here online. If you want to know more about a job, then take a look at our job descriptions. We are offering further information on jobs within the Administration, F&B and Rooms department.


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Sybase has used its appearance at the SAP TechEd conference to cohost its own TechWave developer/DBA symposium. During this week's event in Las Vegas, Sybase announced PowerBuilder 12.5, the second .NET release of its rapid application development tool.
Built for creating "visually appealing" business applications on Windows 32 and .NET Frameworks, PowerBuilder 12.5 is now said to include WCF Services to create web services using the WCF model. There is also support for CVUOs in .NET assemblies, an enhancement designed to enable PowerBuilder users to share the productivity of the DataWindow with .NET developer peers. There is also PowerBuilder .NET assembly — used to create a PowerBuilder .NET target, then reference it in another PowerBuilder .NET project, without exposing the source code behind it.
According to Sybase, the new iteration of PowerBuilder 12.5 comes with multithreading support implemented through Shared Objects in PowerBuilder .NET. There is Batch Command Processing, which enables customers to run a batch file to build applications without any user intervention. Also present here is REST Client in PowerBuilder .NET, so that targets can be clients that consume RESTful (Representational State Transfer) web services.
Sybase PowerDesigner 16 has also been launched this week. This collaborative enterprise-modeling tool is, according to Sybase, "Enabling forward-thinking companies to achieve a clear and consistent Information Architecture throughout their enterprise." In more detail perhaps, we learn that PowerDesigner 16 now includes support for over 80 RDBMSs, more than any other modeling tool in the industry; a modernized, role-based user interface based on Windows 7 standards for improved usability and management; and an enterprise glossary to ensure business terms and definitions are established and consistently managed throughout all models to ensure everyone is speaking the same language. There is also improved Link & Sync technology with impact analysis in the repository to ensure users are gathering all the connections throughout the entire enterprise to provide mission-critical decision support.
Last but not least in this batch of news updates is SQL Anywhere OnDemand Edition — a new product launched to fulfill the demand from Independent Software Vendors (ISVs) for easier data management and deployment of multi-tenant, hosted applications. It provides cloud-specific tooling and features that allow ISVs to manage data for cloud applications that meet both their business needs and those of their customers.
The features of SQL Anywhere OnDemand Edition include:
- Elastic Database Provisioning — scale up and scale down computing resources on demand; ability to share computing resources among tenants to achieve economies of scale; tenant data is isolated from all other tenants at the file level
- Tenant Scalability — designed to power "web scale" applications that grow to thousands of tenants
- Atomic Tenant Databases — each database treated individually, allowing for customer-specific customizations, backup solutions, and direct customer access; databases stored in known locations and can be restricted from moving to another
- Cloud Management Tools — designed to meet the needs of ISVs who are managing thousands of databases, hundreds of servers, and multiple versions of software and schemas.
Sybase products will continue to evolve on all levels under SAP, insisted SAP CTO Vishal Sikka during his September 13 keynote speech this week. Although Sybase board executives did not make an appearance on stage, the post-acquisition joint entities of both vendors appear to be sitting very comfortably together. Although criticized on some levels by industry analysts and commentators over the last 18 months, the greater weight of comment over this time has arguably been on the positive side of the spectrum. How SAP now invests in and helps further support the development of the technologies discussed here and others throughout the Sybase stack still remains to be seen.


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The 1985 kids classic The Goonies will apparently never have a cinematic sequel- but plans are under way to bring it to Broadway. Click here for details
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Product Highlights
This item is noncancelable and nonreturnable.
The Formatt 3 x 3" Soft White Mist 3 Filter is a softening and mist effect filter. This filter imparts softening to the subject matter of the scene at a medium distance focal point while leaving the background unaffected by the effects of the filter. Unlike a traditional softening filter, the Soft White Mist does not impart diffusion or color splitting to the image. The 3 density provides the greatest amount of softening.
This filter measures 3 x 3" / 76.2 x 76.2mm and is constructed from specially formulated CR-39 resin sandwiched between two layers of high-quality Schott glass.
|3 x 3" / 76.2 x 76.2 mm
|3 density
|Filter Factor
|Softens image and adds a mist-like effect
|CR-39 resin sandwiched between 2 layers of Schott-Desag B270 Superwite glass
|Packaging Info
|Package Weight
|0.4 lb
|Box Dimensions (LxWxH)
|2.0 x 2.0 x 2.0"


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Text Size: Small Text Medium Text Large Text
Absence Management
The conversion to the Absence Management module in CMS HR will be taking place over Summer 2011. Absence Management is a powerful module within the CMS application that gives the campus control over tracking and processes employee absences. It provides employee and manager self service features allowing Fullerton to streamline its existing business processes.
For additional information on Absence Management, please visit the CMS HR website.
User Guides
Hourly Intermittent Employee User Guide
Teaching Associate/Graduate Assistant User Guide
Absence Management for Employees (20 min online class; requires campus login and may have to choose Fullerton campus)
Time Reporting and Absence Management for Intermittent Employees (20 min online class; requires campus login and may have to choose Fullerton campus)
**Classes are available for timekeepers and managers. Email email@example.com if you need to attend timekeeper or manager training.


text: We are the students of FCE/ ECCE class (B2 level) in Maria Markaki school. We are 15 years old and we live in Iraklion, Greece. We created this blog to practise English in creative ways. We used to blog as E' Class students, but we are now older and better at English!


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Peer-Reviewed Publications
Found 510 resultsTitle
Pediatric psychotropic polypharmacy." Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2005;2(8):14-9."
Performance Evaluation of Various High Back Booster Seats Tested at 56 Kph using a 6-Year-Old Hybrid III Dummy. Washington, DC; 2005.
Predictors and Patterns of Pediatric Head Injury in Motor Vehicle Crashes. Prague, Czech Republic; 2005.
Teen drivers and the risk of injury to child passengers in motor vehicle crashes." Inj. Prev.. 2005;11(1):12-7."
Trends in operative management of pediatric splenic injury in a regional trauma system." Pediatrics. 2005;115(1):89-94."
Trip characteristics of vehicle crashes involving child passengers." Inj. Prev.. 2005;11(4):219-24."
The Acute Stress Checklist for Children (ASC-Kids): development of a child self-report measure." J Trauma Stress. 2006;19(1):129-39."
Can novice drivers be trained to scan for information that will reduce their likelihood of a crash?" Inj. Prev.. 2006;12 Suppl 1:i25-9."
Competent independent driving as an archetypal task of adolescence." Inj. Prev.. 2006;12 Suppl 1:i1-3."
A conceptual framework for reducing risky teen driving behaviors among minority youth." Inj. Prev.. 2006;12 Suppl 1:i49-55."
Delta V as a predictor of significant injury for children involved in frontal motor vehicle crashes." Ann. Surg.. 2006;243(1):121-5."
Effectiveness of child safety seats vs seat belts in reducing risk for death in children in passenger vehicle crashes." Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160(6):617-21."
Exploring Pediatric Lower Extremity Injuries in Lateral Collisions with EDSMAC4 and GATB in HVE. Detroit, Michigan; 2006.
Influences on youthful driving behavior and their potential for guiding interventions to reduce crashes." Inj. Prev.. 2006;12 Suppl 1:i9-14."
Injuries to Child Pedestrians Admitted to an Urban Pediatric Trauma Center. Hannover, Germany; 2006.
An integrative model of pediatric medical traumatic stress." J Pediatr Psychol. 2006;31(4):343-55."
Introduction to the special issue: Posttraumatic stress related to pediatric illness and injury." J Pediatr Psychol. 2006;31(4):337-42."
A latent class analysis of injury patterns among rear-seated, seat-belted children." J Trauma. 2006;61(5):1244-8."
Legislative advocacy is key to addressing teen driving deaths." Inj. Prev.. 2006;12 Suppl 1:i44-8."
Parent driver characteristics associated with sub-optimal restraint of child passengers." Traffic Inj Prev. 2006;7(4):373-80."
Parent involvement in novice teen driving: a review of the literature." Inj. Prev.. 2006;12 Suppl 1:i30-7."
Parent-child agreement regarding children's acute stress: the role of parent acute stress reactions." J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;45(12):1485-93."
Reducing crashes and injuries among young drivers: what kind of prevention should we be focusing on?" Inj. Prev.. 2006;12 Suppl 1:i15-8."
Reducing young driver road trauma: guidance and optimism for the future." Inj. Prev.. 2006;12 Suppl 1:i56-60."


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Rossi deposition exposes bitter gubernatorial campaign
While Republican gubernatorial candidate Dino Rossi protested a "phony complaint by political operatives" Wednesday, Democrats claimed they had evidence that he had encouraged a powerful political group to raise money for him months before he officially declared his candidacy.
In a highly charged, often contentious four-hour deposition behind closed doors, Rossi repeatedly said he couldn't recall details of his meetings with members of the Building Industry Association of Washington, denied that he was involved in anything illegal and called the entire effort "a political stunt."
More than anything, the deposition stemming from a campaign financing lawsuit exposed how bitter the gubernatorial race has become as lawyers on both sides spent most of the time tussling and threatening each other.
The building association is under investigation by the state attorney general for allegedly breaking campaign finance laws, especially in connection with the Rossi election effort. Rossi critics complain that the builders violated campaign finance laws in raising millions of dollars to help defeat Democratic Gov. Chris Gregoire.
The lawsuit was filed by two former Supreme Court justices, Faith Ireland and Robert Utter. Both have donated money to Gregoire.
There are connections between the lawsuit and Gregoire's political allies.
Fuse Washington, a nonprofit group acting as press agent for the plaintiffs, recently received a $35,000 political action committee donation from Evergreen Progress, the major pro-Gregoire independent spending group.
Evergreen Progress, in turn, is headed by a Gregoire donor, Rick Desimone, and bankrolled mostly by the national Democratic Governors Association and labor unions. The group has spent more than $6 million to support Gregoire and oppose Rossi.
Rossi was required by King County Superior Court Judge Paris Kallas to testify under oath about his personal involvement in the building association's fundraising campaign.
Rossi is not a party to the lawsuit, and no complaint has been filed against him.
He complained bitterly about the campaign time lost in the final week before Election Day. He said he was forced to cancel a speaking engagement at the Rotary club and appearances on radio and television stations.
"This is nothing more than a phony complaint by Christine Gregoire's operatives," Rossi said after the deposition. "She is desperate, it is really sad."
On the other side, lawyers for the judges who filed the lawsuit, claimed victory. They pointed to meetings Rossi had with the builders association months before he announced his candidacy.
"If a committee is raising money on your behalf with your knowledge, then you are a candidate, whether you have declared or not, otherwise it makes a mockery of the Public Disclosure Law," said Mike Withey, representing the justices along with attorney Knoll Lowney.
Lowney said the deposition was urgent to get "all the facts out and reducing the harm of what we see as a violation."
Lowney said a key element of the deposition was a transcript of a lunch Rossi had with the building association's board of directors in late June 2007.
"You can be a candidate before you officially declare, if you consent to letting someone raise money for you," Lowney said.
According to minutes of the meeting, President Daimon Doyle announced that he was encouraged by 11 member associations already donating money to the 2008 governor's fund. He said he hoped the contributions would help elect a pro-housing, pro-business governor in 2008.
The builders group then heard from guest speaker Rossi, who gave a presentation on Forward Washington Foundation. At the end of the speech, Doyle presented statewide polling results showing support for Gregoire and Rossi and whether Gregoire should be re-elected.
Rossi said he gave the presentation to groups all over the state and made thousands of speeches in the past couple of years. When pressed, he denied that that he asked anyone at the luncheon to contribute to his candidacy for governor.
"No, because there was no candidacy for governor in 2007," Rossi answered. "At that point I was more likely not to run than to run."
Rossi denied repeatedly in the deposition that he was planning a campaign during the several meetings he had with the builder's groups in 2007.
He said he was "about 75 percent sure" he wasn't going to be a candidate for any office ever again.
But mainly, Rossi responded to questions with a simple "I don't recall that," according to transcripts of the deposition.
Lowney was frustrated. "All he said was I don't know, I know, you would think that you would remember if you were asking for $2 million."
The 170-page transcript is loaded with bitter, testy and sometimes childish exchanges between the lawyers.
"You don't need to stare me down, Mr. Withey," Patterson said. "This is supposed to be an honorable profession."
Withey denied he was staring at Patterson.
"This has been the most obstructive deposition I've ever participated in," Withey said, noting his 36 years as a lawyer. "It's made a mockery of the four hours that we've arranged for. We're going to move the court to impose sanctions on Mr. Patterson."
"I probably participated in more depositions than you ever thought of participating in and I've certainly tried more cases than you ever have, OK?" Patterson responded. "I'm not here to see lawyers that are being paid by Christine Gregoire use this (as a) political campaign and to ask questions that are geared to the press."
And later:
"Don't lean across the table please, Mr. Lowney," Patterson said.
"This table is 6 feet wide," Lowney said. " I don't think I am threatening you."
Rossi complained about the subpoenas delivered by someone pounding on the door of his home at 9:30 p.m., and a subpoena being handed to his teenage daughter. "This is why there are a lot of good people out there who will never run for public office, because of the kind of nonsense that I went through," Rossi said.


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Message Board
Jerome K. Jerome Message Board
Talk about the novels, new and used books that Jerome has written!
Author Jerome's Book Reviews
Three Men in a Boat - To Say Nothing of the Dog!
This is a somewhat fictionalized account of Jerome K. Jerome's trip down the Thames with his friends George, Harris, and Montmorency (Montmorency being the dog). As the Jerome recounts the trip, he tells stories of the past and occasionally waxes philosophical. There's even a certain amount of history related. If you like this book, you should also read Connie Willis' To Say Nothing of the Dog....


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Fact Sheet
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention: Promoting Safe and Effective Use in the United States
February 2011
New Tool to Reduce the Risk of HIV Infection Among Gay and Bisexual Men
In November 2010, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced the results of the iPrEx trial, a large research study examining whether a pill containing drugs used to treat HIV can also help prevent HIV infection -- an approach called pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP. These findings represent a major advance in HIV prevention research, providing the first evidence that PrEP, when combined with other prevention strategies, can reduce HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) (see Key Findings box).
The iPrEx results have immediate implications for the U.S., because tenofovir-emtricitabine pills are already FDA-approved and available with a prescription for the treatment of HIV infection. As the agency responsible for protecting public health, CDC is taking steps to promote the safe and effective use of PrEP in the United States.
HIV among MSM in the U.S.: The HIV epidemic among MSM in the U.S. is severe, and additional risk reduction strategies for this population are urgently needed. MSM represent more than half of new HIV infections and nearly half of all people living with HIV in the U.S., and the rate of new HIV diagnoses among MSM is more than 44 times that of other men. Moreover, data suggest that HIV infections have been steadily increasing in this group since the mid-1990s.
Implications of findings for other PrEP trials: While we don't yet know if PrEP will work for preventing HIV transmission in other populations, these findings among MSM give us hope that this approach might also prove effective among heterosexuals at high-risk for HIV and injection drug users. CDC, NIH, and other institutions are conducting trials around the world to determine the safety and effectiveness of PrEP for these populations; those results are expected within the next few years. The iPrEx results may also be the first step toward other effective and potentially more feasible options for PrEP, as other regimens and dosing strategies are also being evaluated.
CDC next steps: CDC is pursuing two primary goals in the wake of the iPrEx trial findings: developing guidance on the safe and effective use of PrEP and determining how to most effectively use PrEP in combination with other prevention strategies to reduce new infections in the U.S. The following pages describe these goals in greater detail, and discuss key remaining questions about PrEP as an HIV prevention tool.
Working Toward Safe and Effective Use in the U.S.
CDC is currently leading national efforts to develop formal U.S. Public Health Service guidelines on PrEP among MSM.
However, given the commercial availability of Truvada® and the possibility of immediate interest in PrEP among some high risk gay and bisexual men and their physicians, CDC has already provided initial cautions on PrEP use (see below), as well as interim guidance for physicians electing to provide PrEP for HIV prevention among high risk MSM (see box).
Initial Cautions for Gay and Bisexual Men
For MSM at high risk for HIV infection, PrEP may represent a much-needed additional prevention tool. However, PrEP should be used only in combination with other HIV prevention strategies, requires strict adherence, and is an intensive approach that won't be right for everyone.
Anyone considering using PrEP should know:
Interim Guidance for Physicians
CDC recently published interim guidance for physicians to help inform clinical practice as formal U.S. Public Health Service guidelines are being developed.
This article was provided by U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Visit the CDC's website to find out more about their activities, publications and services.
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