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The development of agricultural technologies and a better use of existing knowledge related to agriculture and resource management will be crucial to meet food demands and preserve ecosytems and their various services. FAO is catalyzing the exchange of information among different actors - including land users, extension officers, policy makers, and the research community - through the use of specialized networks.
The Plant Production and Protection Division is a member of several specialized networks either as their initiator, organizer, focal institution or as a contributing member providing financial and/or in-kind support.
Monitoring and early warning are key in preventing Desert Locust plagues from devastating farmers' fields in Africa and Asia. FAO's Desert Locust Information Service (DLIS) monitors the locust situation and environmental conditions every day. This is achieved by collaborating with locust-affected countries through a network that links national locust centres with FAO. Countries send results of survey and control operations to DLIS and DLIS, in turn, analyzes the data and keeps countries informed of the current situation and expected developments in the coming six weeks. When a threatening situation develops, DLIS immediately issues warnings and alerts. FAO has operated this network since 1978.
The SPUSH Network is a neutral forum to disseminate and exchange experiences on preventing salinization and managing salt-affected habitats. The main topics covered by the network include: primary and secondary salinization and sodication; management of salinity and sodicity in rainfed, irrigated and coastal areas; biosaline agriculture; as well as socio-economic aspects linked to the management of salt-affected habitats.
The mission of the global WOCAT network is to provide tools that allow Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) specialists to document and share their valuable knowledge in soil and water management. These tools assist them in their search for appropriate SWC technologies and approaches and support them in making decisions in the field and at the planning level.
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My name is Marc Charles Irish and I coordinate the Marin County pages of the CAGenWeb and the USGenWeb Projects. I hope you'll find these pages useful in your search for your Marin County ancestors. I don't live in or near Marin County so I won't be able to do lookups. Instead, I am asking for volunteers to do lookups and submit information to be posted on this website.
Neither this website, norThe USGenWeb Project, have any affiliation whatsoever with Marin County, California government.
If you are interested in adopting a county of your own you should contact the state coordinator: Elizabeth Bullard.
To Our Volunteers
Please join me in offering a huge thank you to all the volunteers who donate their time seeking out and transcribing information for this site. It is these volunteers who help make it possible to keep adding to this site. Words cannot convey my gratitude for your tremendous contributions.
Copyright Issues
For a good summary of copyright issues click here.
This web page is maintained on behalf of the California portion of The USGenWeb Project and is paid for by supporters. Although believed to be correct as presented, if you have corrections, changes, additions, or find that any links provided on this page are not functioning properly, please contact the coordinator for prompt attention to the matter.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Farmworker Sexual Violence Technical Assistance Project is spearheaded by California Rural Legal Assistance in partnership with Esperanza: The Immigrant Women's Legal Initiative of the Southern Poverty Law Center, Lideres Campesinas and the Victim Rights Law Center.
Together, we provide OVW grantees with:
One-on-one consultation on legal issues and strategies for lawyers and legal advocates on meeting the legal needs of farmworker sexual assault victims; three educational guides to assist legal service providers, criminal justice professionals and victim service providers in addressing the sexual assault of farmworkers; a farmworker safety plan in English and Spanish; a safety planning guide in English and Spanish designed for advocates to use with farmworkers; safety planning webinars; workshops for lawyers, judges and law enforcement agencies at national conferences; and regional trainings in farmworker communities in Arizona, California, Idaho, Oregon and Washington.
Specific areas of expertise include but are not limited to: * civil legal remedies for sexual assault victims including housing, education, public benefits, employment, immigration and privacy; outreach strategies that are culturally and linguistically appropriate for farmworkers; cultural considerations when working with farmworkers; safety planning particular to farmworkers, including those living in labor camps; holistic representation of the comprehensive needs of farmworker victims of sexual violence; integration of the legal needs of farmworkers sexual violence victims into a coordinated community response; basic legal rights of farmworkers; and knowledge of the agricultural industry including its structure and practices.


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RSP - Retail Selling Price
On most of our jewellery pages we quote "RSP" or "SRP".
This page is here to explain what we mean by it, how we arrive at the figures, and more.
We start out with by expanding the abbreviations we use:-
SRP = Suggested Retail Price
RSP = Retail Selling Price or Recommended Selling Price
RRP = Recommended Retail Price
MRRP = Manufacturer's Recommended Retail Price
SRRP = Supplier's Recommended Retail Price
They All Mean the Same
All the above expressions mean more or less the same thing.
Open to Abuse
Unfortunately they are all subject to possible abuse. It is not unknown for some manufacturers to quote inflated prices for their products to make them appear more valuable and to create the illusion that the consumer is getting a better deal than from a competitor's product.
How Accurate are Chard's RSP's?
When we apply them to jewellery, we apply the same standards that we apply to jewellery valuations. We try to be completely objective about the valuations we perform whether they are insurance replacement valuations for customers or for our own products. The value we arrive at is intended to be a typical retail price for the article with due regard for its quality and the type of store which would sell that type of item. If anything we tend to be slightly conservative in our valuation figures.
Chard Club Prices
The Chard Club prices we quote are our "Cash & Carry" selling prices. We explain elsewhere on our site how we manage to offer such remarkable value, but we will reiterate it briefly here.
- We are not in a prime "High Street" location paying vast rent and rates.
- We design and make our own range of diamond rings.
- We work on lower margins than most retail jewellery stores.
- We don't currently accept credit cards, and pass the saving of about 3% on to our customers.
- We don't include presentation boxes or gift wrapping in our prices, although we can supply these for an extra charge if required.
- The jewellery products we don't make ourselves are competitively sourced.
- We pay our suppliers promptly and collect settlement discounts which are passed on to our customers.
- By dealing mail order we can supply a larger customer base.
- We do not add anything to our prices to allow for cash discounts as all our prices are already calculated on a cash basis.
- We do not spend large amounts on advertising.
Although we prefer not to consider ourselves as a discount jeweller, and would prefer that our jewellery sold because of its design quality and value, the fact is that our jewellery is generally lower in price than our High Street competitors. The exact percentages vary, and we cannot guarantee every price individually, but generally our prices are lower by these amounts:
|Discount Range
|Diamond Rings
|30% to 40%
|Gold Jewellery
|25% to 40%
|Wedding Rings
|30% to 50%
|Platinum Jewellery
|20% to 50%


text: On Wed, Feb 19, 2003 at 01:30:22PM +0000, Simon Hogg wrote: > Is there a rough rule of thumb which dictates when a program (if ever) > shows superscaling with number of nodes. Of course, I would not expect > this to carry on ad infinitum, but does anyone see superscalar behaviour up > to, a certain number of nodes. > > What would be the conditions for this to occur? When splitting up a sequential problem to run on multiple processors, various conditions will determine whether the scalability is sub-linear, linear or super-linear: This works against scalability: *) Required communication between the sub-problem solvers (your nodes) *) Non-uniform breakdown of the problem (some nodes will wait for other nodes that take longer to complete their sub-problem) This works for scalability: *) By adding nodes, sub-problems are solved in parallel *) sub-problems are smaller than the full problem, and can thus be solved faster It is the last condition that can result in super-linear speedup. Since modern computers are *not* Von Neumann machines, solving two half problems may be significantly faster than solving one full problem. More specifically; executing an instruction takes some amount of time, but getting the data input required for executing the instruction is often what limits your performance. Modern machines have a hierarchial memory configuration - you have registers, L1 cache, L2 cache, sometimes L3 cache, RAM, disk cache, and disk. By splitting up your problem, you may be able to use less disk access and more RAM access. Or more L2 cache and less RAM access. L2 is many times slower than L1. RAM is many times slower than L2. Disk is many orders of magnitude slower than RAM. If, by splitting up your problem, your machines can keep the entire working set in RAM instead of 50% in RAM and 50% on disk (swap, scratch files, etc.) - you will see a *massive* speedup. Thus, solving two sub-problems may be much faster than solving the full problem in one go. Of course, splitting up a problem into sub-problems, may require more work (counted in numbers of instructions). It may require communication, it may result in non-uniform balancing of load. Many things work against you. I have parallelized a handfull of existing simulation programs, and only seen super-linear speedup once. It's not terribly uncommon I think, but you cannot assume that any problem will exhibit this behaviour. And for many problems, there is just no way that you can ever achieve this. The disk-bound problems are the easiest ones, I think. Because getting rid of the disk access will buy you several orders of magnitude in speed increase (thus, the overall problem will be forgiving, even introducing five times as much computational work in order to split up the problem, may still buy you super linear speedup). Getting things to fit in L2 is a lot harder, and I doubt that you will be able to parallelize many real-world problems to the extent where each sub-problem working set will fit in L2. L2 usage can be optimized using packages such as Atlas, for blocked linear algebra routines, for example. Still, going from 5% of the working-set in L2, to perhaps 20% of the working set in L2, may still provide you with a generous speedup. I don't think there are rules of thumb. The factors and conditions I've summarized here are cude at best, but should give you an idea about what the scalability game is all about :) Move the bulk of your working-set data up the hierarchy (from disk to RAM, from RAM to L2, ...), avoid communication where possible, adding more computational work to the overall problem may still aid the speedup, if it helps avoiding communication or memory consumption. Measure, think, experiment... Repeat as necessary. Everyone feel free to supplement, comment and correct ;) -- ................................................................ : jakob at unthought.net : And I see the elder races, : :.........................: putrid forms of man : : Jakob Østergaard : See him rise and claim the earth, : : OZ9ABN : his downfall is at hand. : :.........................:............{Konkhra}...............:


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Related links
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SAMJ: South African Medical Journal
On-line version ISSN 2078-5135
Print version ISSN 0256-9574
SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. vol.99 n.1 Cape Town Jan. 2009
Mechanisms of oedema formation: the minor role of hypoalbuminaemia
C SteylI; R Van Zyl-SmitII
I4th-year medical student, currently 2nd-year intern. University of Pretoria
IIMB BCh, FCP (SA), FRCP, MD. University of Cape Town and New Somerset Hospital, Cape Town
OBJECTIVES: Seriously ill patients often suffer from disorders of salt and water balance and present with clinical signs of either dehydration or oedema. The relationship of hypoalbuminaemia to oedema is complex and controversial and formed the central issue of this study.
DESIGN: Prospective study.
SETTING: Medical wards of New Somerset Secondary Hospital, November 2004.
SUBJECTS: 50 patients admitted consecutively to the medicalwards at New Somerset Hospital were evaluated; 26 males and 24 females participated.
OUTCOME MEASURES: An attempt was made to correlate causesof salt and water imbalance with the clinical assessment ofvolume status, oedema formation, nutritional state and serum albumin levels.
RESULTS: Hypoalbuminaemia was not related to oedema inthis study. Of 24 patients with a serum albumin level below 30 g/l, only 6 had oedema. These patients all had other abnormalities that could have resulted in the oedema, notably primary salt retention by failing kidneys, cor pulmonale and malignancy. None of the patients with serum albumin levels below 15 g/l had any signs of oedema. The combined insult of a chronic inflammatory disease and malnutrition had a marked effect on serum albumin levels.
CONCLUSION: Significant hypoalbuminaemia was present in many of our patients, yet oedema was detected infrequently and generally had an easily identifiable cause not related to low albumin levels. Most patients with hypoalbuminaemiapresented with normal or positive water balance. This study supports the notion that hypoalbuminaemia is infrequently associated with oedema and plays a minor role in its formation.
Seriously ill patients often suffer from disorders of salt and water balance and present with the clinical signs of either dehydration or oedema. The relationship of hypoalbuminaemia to oedema is complex and formed the central issue of this study. The concept that hypoalbuminaemia directly causes oedema due to fluid extravasation can be challenged, as there is insufficient intravascular fluid to cause any significant expansion of the interstitial space. Slight intravascular volume contraction as a result of hypoalbuminaemia might cause salt retention secondary to increased aldosterone secretion; however, this mechanism of oedema formation has infrequently been reported in the literature.1
Fifty patients admitted consecutively to the medical wards of New Somerset Secondary Hospital were studied. An attempt was made to correlate causes of salt and water imbalance with the clinical assessment of volume status, oedema formation, nutritional state and serum albumin levels. Total body fluid balance was assessed by two independent observers who recorded the extent of oedema formation on a scale of 0 to 4, tissue turgor on a scale of 0 to -3, and by paying attention to the jugular venous pressure and pulse rate, blood pressure and signs of pulmonary congestion on the chest radiograph. Dipstix urinalysis was done on all patients. Albumin levels were measured only as part of routine clinical management, so some patients with hypoalbuminaemia would therefore have been missed. All findings were recorded anonymously after patient consent had been obtained. Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee.
Hypoalbuminaemia was noted in 26 patients, largely in association with tuberculosis: all 13 patients with this diagnosis had serum albumin levels below 30 g/l. Despite this, only 2 patients presented with oedema. The first patient, with a serum albumin level of 16 g/l, had pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with cor pulmonale and a haemoglobin concentration of 8 g/dl. The second patient, with a serum albumin level of 28 g/l, had TB and clear signs of volume overload with an elevated jugular venous pressure and moderate hepatomegaly.
The combined insult of a chronic inflammatory disease and malnutrition appeared to have a marked effect on serum albumin levels. The average serum albumin level for the 19 wasted patients was 22 g/l, compared with an average of 20 g/l for the 11 patients with TB and malnutrition. The average serum albumin level among well-nourished patients was 26 g/l.
Patients with renal impairment and proteinuria (>1 g/l) generally had less severe hypoalbuminaemia, with an average serum albumin level of 27 g/l. Sixteen patients had impaired renal function, yet only 4 of these patients presented with oedema. This finding was surprising as the expectation would be to find salt retention and a higher prevalence of oedema in association with poor renal function.
Hypoalbuminaemia was not related to oedema in the study patients. Of the 24 patients with a serum albumin level below 30 g/l, only 6 presented with oedema (Table I). These patients all had other abnormalities that could have resulted in the oedema, notably primary salt retention by failing kidneys (creatinine levels 676 µmol/l, 1 276 µmol/l and 168 µmol/l respectively), cor pulmonale and malignant disease. None of the patients with serum albumin levels below 15 g/l had any signs of oedema.
This discrepancy between hypoalbuminaemia and oedema is clearly illustrated in the Figs 1 and 2. Fig. 1 shows a patient with marked generalised oedema and nephrotic range proteinuria (3.3 g/d), yet the serum albumin level was relatively high at 28 g/l. The patient had clinical signs of fluid overload and was being treated with furosemide 120 mg/d.
In contrast, Fig. 2 shows a patient with a serum albumin level of 13 g/l and heavy proteinuria of 5.4 g/d, yet this patient is oedema free. This patient was not taking any diuretics.
Most marked oedema was seen in patients with malignancy, cardiac failure and renal failure and was often associated with signs of volume overload.
Generalised oedema becomes clinically noticeable when the extracellular fluid space is expanded by about 2 - 3 litres of fluid.1 Excess extracellular fluid accumulates largely in the interstitial space resulting in clinically detectable swelling that is most prominent in dependent parts of the body such as the ankles and the sacral area in bed-bound patients. Fluid accumulation either results from primary 'salt-retaining' types of renal disease, resulting in expansion of both the intra- and extravascular compartments, or is due to homeostatic responses causing salt retention by normal kidneys as is found in patients with cardiac and liver disease.1,2 Factors such as changes in capillary hydrostatic pressure, capillary blockage and inflammation resulting in increased capillary permeability may also be involved, but are more commonly encountered with localised forms of oedema.1
Hypoalbuminaemia cannot directly cause oedema by fluid extravasation as there is insufficient intravascular fluid to cause any significant expansion of the interstitial space.1 The theory that fluid extravasation due to hypoalbuminaemia commonly leads to a contracted intravascular volume that results in stimulating secondary renal salt-retaining mechanisms can be refuted, as the majority of oedematous patients are normovolaemic or have signs of volume expansion.2-4 This was also noted in the current study.
The role of low intravascular oncotic pressure as a cause of outward fluid movement has been overstated, as experimental models and most patients with nephrotic syndrome do not show a decreased transcapillary osmotic gradient.3,5 The plasma oncotic pressure and interstitial oncotic pressure has in fact been shown to have a linear relationship, which protects against a fall in blood volume.3,6,7
Patients with hypoalbuminaemia secondary to heavy proteinuria (nephrotic syndrome) probably all have primary renal salt retention caused by a variety of mechanisms including both the proximal and distal tubules.2 Proteinuria itself may also be an independent factor that induces salt retention in addition to its known capacity to induce direct renal injury.8
Hypoalbuminaemia may also occur in the absence of significant proteinuria or renal disease, as often occurs in association with liver disease, inflammatory states and malnutrition. Such patients do not have a mechanism for primary salt retention and could be evaluated in relation to oedema formation independently from primary renal salt retention.
The supposed direct link between hypoalbuminaemia and oedema is proving to be too simple an explanation for an age-old enigma. Significant hypoalbuminaemia was present in a substantial portion of the patients included in this study, yet oedema was detected infrequently and when present generally had an easily identifiable cause not obviously related to low albumin levels. Most patients with hypoalbuminaemia presented with a normal or positive water balance. This study therefore supports the notion that hypoalbuminaemia is infrequently associated with oedema and plays a minor role in its formation.
1. Rose BD, Post TW. Edematous states. In: Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division, 2001: 478-534. [ Links ]
2. Hamm LL, Batuman C. Edema in the nephrotic syndrome: new aspects of an old enigma. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14(12): 3288-3289. [ Links ]
3. Deschenes G, Feraille E, Doucet A. Mechanisms of edema in nephrotic syndrome: old theories and new ideas. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18(3): 454-456. [ Links ]
4. Geers AB, Koomans HA, Boer P. Dorhout Mees AJ. Plasma and blood volumes in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. Nephron 1984; 38(3): 170-173. [ Links ]
5. Joles JA, Willekes-Koolschijn N, Braam B, Kortland W, Koomans HA, Dorhout Mees EJ. Colloid osmotic pressure in young analbuminaemic rats. Am J Physiol 1989; 257(1 Pt 2): F23-28. [ Links ]
6. Fauchald P. Transcapillary colloid osmotic pressure gradient and body fluid volumes in renal failure. Kidney Int 1986; 29(4): 895-900. [ Links ]
7. Koomans HA. Pathophysiology in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18: Suppl 6, vi30-32. [ Links ]
8. Klisic J, Zhang J, Nief V, Reyes L, Moe OW, Ambuhl PM. Albumin regulates the NA+/H+ exhanger in OKP cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14(12): 3008-3016. [ Links ]
Accepted 5 November 2008.
Corresponding author: C Steyl (email@example.com)
What this paper adds:
What is already known on the subject?
Medical teaching on oedema usually focuses on Starling's equilibrium, ascribing much significance to decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure in oedema formation. Numerous experimental models have attempted to demonstrate the mechanism of oedema formation. The two prevailing hypotheses are the so-called 'overfill' (oedema formation by primary renal salt and water retention) and 'underfill' (decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure leading to a fluid shift to the interstitium) hypotheses.
What does this study add?
This study provides clinical evidence in support of the 'overfill' hypothesis and demonstrates that hypoalbuminaemia does not cause oedema directly.


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JAV Streaming
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Camp, Cheerleaders, Cosplay, Panty, Uniform, Upskirt
New content and videos are being added frequently. Bookmark this site and check back daily ! Follow us on Twitter to get all updates at Follow @spy_sex
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Please use Chrome to visit the site for a better experience. Firefox may have compatibility problems. For a better experience consider disabling Ad Blocks.
All Models are 18 year old or plus and of Legal Age by the laws of Japan.


text:
Create a warm and cozy environment for your little one with this deep chocolate brown bedding! Featuring splashes of color and dots, this set will bring a perfect combination of style and comfort.
Please call a Design Consultant for pillow insert options.
Would you like us to help you find a similar item? Talk with our Design Consultants toll-free at1-800-927-5164.
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International Customers (including Alaska and Hawaii) please contact a Customer Service Representative if you have any questions about placing an order with PoshTots.
This item is custom made especially for you upon order.Click here for our policy on custom made items.
Promotion codes cannot be used for sale item purchases.
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Existing Client Inquiries
Biocycle – Your reliable pest control company in Hong Kong BioCycle offers a range of effective, safe and eco-friendly pest control services to domestic and corporate clients across the city. Our services include household pests, rodent, snake, and termite control and prevention, all of which are provided to the highest industry standards. The BioCycle team adheres to an integrated pest management approach and uses low impact biocides to maintain our ethical standards, care for the environment, and ensure the safety of your pets. Acquiring ISO 9001 Quality Management and ISO 140001 Environment Management certifications demonstrate our company's commitment to maintaining a high quality standards and high environmental consciousness in the industry. Although we believe we deliver an impressive service, we are fully committed to becoming the best pest management company we can be, using only safe pesticides. Hong Kong clients rely on us to provide them with excellent services and we always welcome your feedback – just contact us now to let us know what you think. So whether you need rodent control or wasp nest removal– trust us for a prompt, thorough and safe solution. For more information or to book an appointment, please don't hesitate to call us on (852) 3575 2575 today!


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2012 CSS Final Draft Rankings
Central Scouting has finalized their rankings for 2012.
Perhaps the biggest surprise is that Mikhail Grigorenko is no longer in the top 2 for North American skaters. Ryan Murray slots in at #2. Also possibly surprising is that Alex Galchenyuk is hanging in at #4 for North American skaters. This is a kid that I really, really like. I've seen some of his work, and he is an incredible player that could possibly disappear off radars because he missed nearly the whole year due to injury. The thing I like about him is he has a hell of a shot, but also is a physical player. He also plays center too. So really, this is the power forward up the middle that we might have been looking for.
I think many Oilers fans will be licking their chops at the idea of drafting Ryan Murray. Myself, I just don't know. It sounds like he's pretty good, but I also think it will take time before he's really good enough to make a difference here. I could be way off base with my thoughts though.
Anyways, here are the rankings: Continue reading '2012 CSS Final Draft Rankings'»


text:
KUKA Coaster: 6-axis robot as an amusement ride
A ride on the KUKA Coaster is an absolute adrenaline rush. The 6-axis robot spontaneously turns in all directions – the passengers never know what is going to happen next. Select the most thrilling action ride from a range of programs: pure entertainment for your passengers.
Safe 6-axis passenger-carrying robot
Safety is the top priority. The KUKA Coaster was the first industrial robot ever to be licensed to carry passengers, and certified by the German technical inspectorate TÜV as conforming to EN 13814 (DIN 4112). It thus meets all relevant safety standards.
The robot has been reliably designed for you:
- structural components and gear units are 100 percent certified
- Mechanical stops for the safety of your passengers
- Non-stop electronic monitoring
- Up-to-date safety: the latest generation of the KUKA Safe Operation technology package


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Senator John Thune Gives Jackrabbit Shout Out [VIDEO]
South Dakota Senator John Thune took the time to escape briefly from the business of lawmaking to show a little Jackrabbit Pride. Watch how he strolls to the mic and predicts that South Dakota State would make it to the college basketball Final Four.
The next question becomes is he talking about the men or the women? It's a nice dilemma to have. It probably felt especially nice with the Jacks dancing when Kentucky Senator Mitch McConnell is standing there feeling more blue than the Wildcats who cannot defend their title. Go Big, Go Blue (not Kentucky blue), Go Jacks. Although with Louisville as the overall top seed, McConnell does have a dog in the hunt.


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What Needs To Be Answered Before Determining Tostee's Fate
The Jury in the Gable Tostee case have returned from deliberations to ask Justice Byrne how to proceed after being unable to reach a unanimous verdict.
Jury returning to the courtroom for more direction from Justice Byrne in #tostee case for the second time in an hour. @GCBulletin— Alexandria Utting (@alexutting) October 18, 2016
'Judges are reluctant to discharge a jury, experience shows juries can agree if given enough time.' @tennewsqld #tostee— Jonathan Lea (@JonathanLea10) October 18, 2016
Earlier on in the second day of deliberations, the Jury in the Gable Tostee case had asked two more questions of the Judge.
The first question of the jury is "when does the act to remove a person behaving in a disorderly matter start?".
Judge tells jury doesn't matter when Wright's disorderly conduct started. Must find Tostee not guilty if he used reasonable force #Tostee— Greg Stolz (@GregStolzJourno) October 18, 2016
The second question is in regards to a homeowner's right to remove a disorderly person from their property and does 'remove to the balcony' count in that instance.
Justice Byrne confirmed that removing a disorderly person to the balcony does constitute removing a person from the home.
Second question is about homeowner's right to remove disorderly person. Does remove to balcony count? Answer: Yes. #tostee— Kate Kyriacou (@KateKyriacou) October 18, 2016
The case has spent seven days in front of the courts, with two days of deliberations from the the six men and six women jurors.
The 30 year old Tostee refused to testify in the murder trial, however a number of audio recordings from the night in question that Tostee himself recorded will influence the final ruling.
After adjourning on Monday evening, the jury returned on Tuesday morning asking the Judge to address four questions in relation to the hearing.
The questions included Tostee's age at the time of the alleged offence, if they should consider how drunk Ms Wright was and an item in Tostee's hand seen on CCTV footage after she died.
Justice Byrne told the jury on Tuesday they should not consider Tostee's conduct after the alleged offence as part of their reasoning to reach a verdict of murder or manslaughter.
He also said as Tostee's age was not part of the evidence they must not draw any conclusions from it.
However, the jury is allowed to consider if Ms Wright's state of mind was influenced by alcohol, the court heard.
Tostee is not alleged to have pushed or thrown Ms Wright from his 14th floor balcony but intimidated her so greatly she felt climbing over the railing was the only way to escape from him.
Warriena Tagpuno Wright fell to her death from the 14th floor balcony of Gable Tostee's high-rise Avalon Apartments unit in Surfers Paradise in the early hours of August 8, 2014.
The 26-year-old from Wellington was on a two-week holiday in Australia to attend a friend's wedding when she met Tostee on Tinder.
Tostee, a carpet layer, had pleaded not guilty to her murder.
With AAP


text:
The Ticket Broker Guide will teach you how to be a ticket broker and start your business from home - one step at a time.
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Please read and understand the risks associated with a being a ticket broker, and in opening your own business.
We have prepared information on risks, profit expectations and typical results – you can read it here
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If, after careful consideration you DO decide to get into the business you will be risking your own money buying and reselling tickets. Using the techniques we teach you will reduce but not completely eliminate certain risks inherent in the business.


text:
Source Via Toxel
Imagine you came back home after a day of hard working, wasn't it nice to take a nice and hot shower using a creative shower? Here are some creative and stylish showers that you can actually purchase online or store may be. Check out more description and detail information in Modern Showers and Creative Shower Heads


text:
New religious movement (NRM), the generally accepted term for what is sometimes called, often with pejorative connotations, a "cult." The term new religious movement has been applied to all new faiths that have arisen worldwide over the past several centuries.
NRMs are characterized by a number of shared traits. These religions are, by definition, "new"; they offer innovative religious responses to the conditions of the modern world, despite the fact that most NRMs represent themselves as rooted in ancient traditions. NRMs are also usually regarded as "countercultural"; that is, they are perceived (by others and by themselves) to be alternatives to the mainstream religions of Western society, especially Christianity in its normative forms. These movements are often highly eclectic, pluralistic, and syncretistic; they freely combine doctrines and practices from diverse sources within their belief systems. The new movement is usually founded by a charismatic and sometimes highly authoritarian leader who is thought to have extraordinary powers or insights. Many NRMs are tightly organized. In light of their often self-proclaimed "alternative" or "outsider" status, these groups often make great demands on the loyalty and commitment of their followers and sometimes establish themselves as substitutes for the family and other conventional social groupings. NRMs have arisen to address specific needs that many people cannot satisfy through more traditional religious organizations or through modern secularism. They are also products of and responses to modernity, pluralism, and the scientific worldview.
The West
The historical roots, doctrines, and practices of the NRMs in the West are extremely diverse. The following overview organizes this diversity into certain categories, but many NRMs could be classified under more than one of these rubrics.
Apocalyptic and millenarian movements
Some NRMs are characterized by an apocalyptic or millenarian dimension—the belief that the end of the world is imminent and that a new heaven or new earth will replace the old one. There are apocalyptic strains in many world religions, but it is Christian millenarianism—the belief that Jesus Christ will establish a 1,000-year reign of peace on earth before the Last Judgment—that has formed the backdrop for the development of many of the NRMs in the West.
Among the first new religions in the United States were the Seventh-day Adventists and the Jehovah's Witnesses, both the products of millenarian fervour set off in the mid-19th century by William Miller (1782–1849). Miller predicted that Christ would return to earth sometime in 1843 or 1844. The failure of Miller's prophecy, the so-called "Great Disappointment," did not deter many of his followers, who still believed in the prediction but felt that only Miller's calculations were faulty. The Seventh-day Adventists, formed under the leadership of one of Miller's followers, the prophet and visionary Ellen G. White (1827–1915), and the Jehovah's Witnesses (a successor of the International Bible Students Association), led from 1917 by Joseph Franklin Rutherford (1869–1942), continue to believe in the imminent return of Christ and the end of time.
Millenarianism also underlies the New Age movement that arose in the 1970s and '80s. The New Age movement is an extremely eclectic conglomeration of beliefs and practices that includes channeling, crystal healing, new versions of shamanism, and a variety of therapies and techniques designed to "transform" the individual into a "higher consciousness." The movement as a whole optimistically presumes that the world has entered, or is on the verge of entering, a "New Age" (sometimes referred to as the "Age of Aquarius") of unprecedented spiritual possibilities.
A darker side of apocalyptic expectations has resulted in mass suicides and tragic conflict with governmental agencies. In the 1970s an ordained Methodist minister named Jim Jones (1931–78) moved his congregation (called the Peoples Temple) from the United States to the jungles of Guyana, where he attempted to create a utopian, interracial community based on his idea of "apostolic socialism," a version of Christianity that was influenced by contemporary Marxist liberation theology. Jones, an increasingly authoritative and paranoid personality, warned his followers that a devastating thermonuclear war was impending. In 1978, after a group of concerned family members (led by a U.S. congressman) visited the group's commune, Jones and his followers (913 persons in all) committed what Jones called "revolutionary suicide" rather than submit to what they thought would be an attempt to compromise their community. "Death is a million times preferable to 10 more days of this life," Jones told his group, and, "If you knew what was ahead of you, you'd be glad to be stepping over tonight."
A similar tragedy befell the Branch Davidians near Waco, Texas, on April 19, 1993. The group, an offshoot of the Seventh-day Adventist church, first settled near Waco in 1935. After a succession of leaders and internal power struggles, Vernon Howell, who later assumed the name David Koresh, took control of the group in 1987. Koresh taught a highly apocalyptic Christianity and identified himself with the Lamb of Revelation 5, which is traditionally associated with Christ. Allegations of child abuse and the launching of a retail gun business attracted the attention of the authorities, which led to a long standoff with the FBI and a tragic fire that killed Koresh and some 80 members of the group.
The influence of the East
The religions of India have intrigued the West for millennia, but it was only in the 19th century that accurate and relatively comprehensive information regarding the teachings and practices of Hinduism and Buddhism appeared in Europe and the United States. Indian philosophical doctrines began to influence Western thinkers such as Arthur Schopenhauer, Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Friedrich Nietzsche. The most influential of these doctrines were Hindu monistic beliefs, which maintain that the cosmos is wholly sacred or participates in a single divine principle (brahman, or Being itself). Esoteric groups—such as the Theosophical Society, founded by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, and its many offshoots—integrated Indian philosophical and religious concepts into a synthesis that also drew on Western mysticism, Neoplatonism, Kabbala, religious monism, and communication with the spirit world.
By the end of the 19th century, the first religious group to be imported from India took root in the United States, when Vivekananda attended the 1893 World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago and then founded the Vedanta Society in New York City. Based on the monistic teachings of one of Hinduism's philosophical schools and on its interpretation of the teachings and mystical experiences of Vivekananda's teacher, Ramakrishna (1836–86), the Vedanta Society attracted the attention of many prominent members of the artistic community: the French actress Sarah Bernhardt, the American author and publisher Paul Carus, the English novelist Aldous Huxley, and the Anglo-American novelist and playwright Christopher Isherwood, among others. With centres in India and throughout the world, the Vedanta Society (also known as the Ramakrishna Mission) promotes a highly eclectic and tolerant form of religious unity. It claims that all world religions teach fundamentally the same truth but nevertheless maintains that Vedanta is uniquely capable of articulating this unified doctrine.
Some 40 years after Vivekananda's journey to the United States, another teacher from India, Paramahansa Yogananda (1893–1952), founded the Self-Realization Fellowship in Los Angeles and introduced the practice and philosophy of Yoga to Americans. Drawing on traditional Hindu teachings of spiritual, mental, and physical discipline, Yogananda represented Yoga in quasi-scientific terms that appealed to his audience, maintaining that other religious teachers (including Jesus and Paul) had also preached much the same message.
It was not until the 1960s and '70s, however, that NRMs based on Eastern religions became attractive to large numbers of Americans and Europeans. In 1959 Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (1911–2008) founded the Spiritual Regeneration Movement and popularized the technique known as Transcendental Meditation or TM. Transcendental Meditation was also represented as a "scientific" method for obtaining both personal and social peace and harmony; it centred on the repetition of and concentration on an individualized mantra imparted to the initiate by the guru. The Maharishi and his teachings gained great fame and attracted celebrities such as the American film star Mia Farrow, the American engineer and architect R. Buckminster Fuller, and the English rock group the Beatles.
Another group to come out of this period of cultural turmoil and change was the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), founded by A.C. Bhaktivedanta (1896–1977) and popularly known as the Hare Krishna movement. ISKCON is fundamentally a continuation of a Hindu sect, originating in India's precolonial period, that emphasizes ecstatic devotion to the god Krishna. Conversion to ISKCON entails not only a shift in religious belief and practice but an entire break with Western culture, symbolized by the adoption of Indian dress and diet and by the shaving of male followers' heads. Such radical signs of alienation from Western culture and values, together with the group's active proselytizing dimension and its internal crises and leadership struggles, engendered much controversy about the Hare Krishnas.
The Rajneesh International Foundation is another highly controversial NRM that originated in India. The group was led by the flamboyant Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh (1931–90), who taught a heavily revised form of Indian spirituality called Tantrism. Rajneesh urged his Western followers to overcome their repressions through a technique he dubbed "dynamic meditation," entailing shouting, screaming, and dancing. Rajneesh thus adapted and repackaged ancient Tantric techniques for a Western audience more familiar with psychotherapy.
ISKCON and other imports from the East, such as movements representing Zen Buddhism and the various schools of Tibetan Buddhism, have been introduced into the United States and Europe with little or no alterations to their traditional forms. Their appeal to Westerners may very well lie in their exotic nature and their clear-cut differences from Western religions. Many other Asian traditions, however, have been highly modified by their new contexts or have provided the foundation for the beliefs and practices of Western groups such as ECKANKAR. Especially noteworthy is the emphasis many Eastern-based NRMs place on religious Universalism (a response to pluralism) and on the "scientific" nature of the spiritual teachings and techniques put forward.
"Scientific" NRMs: UFO groups and Scientology
Many NRMs claim to be not religions at all but rather "scientific truth" that has not yet been acknowledged or discovered by the official scientific community. In the search for authority for new teachings, certain NRMs have thus tapped into what is arguably the most powerful form of legitimizing discourse in the modern world: science. Some groups have claimed scientific "proof" for Yoga and meditation, and other NRMs have developed in the West under the umbrella of self-proclaimed scientific validity.
UFO groups, sometimes called collectively the "contact movement," represent one manifestation of a "scientific" NRM. Drawing on time-honoured religious stories of the descent of supernatural beings from the heavens, UFO groups developed what has been called a "technological myth" of the arrival—whether imminent or actual and ongoing—on Earth of space aliens, who will bring advanced knowledge and spiritual wisdom. By the 1950s, groups such as Understanding, Inc., founded by Daniel Fry (who claimed to be a contactee), argued that UFOs carried beings who had come to Earth to promote world peace and personal development. The Amalgamated Flying Saucer Clubs of America, led by Gabriel Green, and the Aetherius Society, organized by George King, maintained that space aliens held the key to the salvation both of the planet as a whole and of every individual on Earth.
A more recent and highly publicized UFO group was Heaven's Gate, the creation of Marshall Applewhite, who preferred to call himself "Do." Applewhite declared that he and his female partner ("Ti") were really representatives from another world, which he referred to as "the evolutionary level above human." Claiming to have come to Earth once before in the figure of Jesus, Applewhite asserted that the "kingdom of heaven" taught by Applewhite/Christ was a real, physical place inhabited by highly evolved beings. Earth was a "garden" in which human beings had been "planted" by these superior space beings; some such "plants" could hope to mature and further evolve into "members of the level above human," but only if they systematically shed all vestiges of their humanity, including sexuality (some members of the group castrated themselves to further this end). Formed originally in the mid-1970s, the group settled in the San Diego, Calif., area in 1996, where it supported itself by creating World Wide Web sites for Internet users. In March 1997 Applewhite declared that the appearance of the Comet Hale-Bopp signaled the arrival of a spaceship sent to gather up the "mature plants" before the impending "spading over" of the garden (i.e., end of the world), and the remaining 39 members of the group committed suicide in order to join the alien community in outer space.
UFO groups sometimes couch traditional religious themes such as apocalypticism and heavenly intervention in the language of modern technology and biological evolutionary theory. Other groups, including the Church of Scientology, fashion spiritual teachings and mythology in the language of modern psychology. Founded by science fiction writer L. Ron Hubbard (1911–86), Scientology began as Dianetics, which was Hubbard's term for a kind of therapy that claimed to eliminate destructive imprints of past experiences, called "engrams," that had accumulated in one's unconscious. Hubbard devised a method—employing both discussion with an "auditor" and the use of an electrical device called an "E-meter"—to dissipate such engrams and produce (over a long period of treatment in which one attains and passes through a variety of hierarchical levels) a state of liberation he termed "being Clear." Over time Hubbard also developed a whole cosmology in which human beings were said to be originally divine beings, called "thetans," who had fallen into and been entrapped by material existence. The freedom of "being Clear" was equated with regaining one's status as an eternal, omniscient, omnipotent thetan.
Nature religions: Neo-Paganism and Wicca
Neo-Paganism and Wicca represent a different, even opposite, response to the dominance and pervasive influence of science in modern culture. Rather than integrate scientific claims into new religious teachings, these groups tend to oppose the materialism, technological excess, and alienation from nature that science is seen to foster, offering modern people a way to return to and participate in the rhythms of the natural world. The embracing of magic and the use of spells to help further personal goals in everyday life seems to fly in the face of some of the basic tenets of modern science and secular "common sense."
Some Neo-Pagan groups, which claim to retrieve and revitalize the pre-Christian pagan traditions of northern Europe and the Middle East, may be understood as a reaction against cultural and religious pluralism and an attempt to reclaim their "roots." Other groups, especially those that collectively go under the name Wicca, are in large part religious articulations of sentiments derived from the modern ecology movement and feminism. Wiccan NRMs, mostly but not exclusively composed of women, tend to centre on the figure of a goddess and the "female principle" manifest in nature, and, like other Neo-Pagan organizations, they attempt to re-enchant and personalize a natural world they believe science has objectified.
The East
NRMs have appeared in South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia since the mid-19th century. While some of these religious movements have remained small and limited in influence, others have grown quite large and have played important roles in the socioeconomic and political development of their respective nations or regions.
While new religions have appeared frequently throughout Asian history, there are important differences between those that developed before and after the mid-19th century. Religious movements that emerged after 1850 reflect the impact of the West and of Western forms of political, economic, and cultural imperialism. From the 19th century onward the newly industrialized and expansionist West advanced into Asia for God, glory, and gold. Western nations, secure in their sense of political, military, economic, and cultural superiority and armed with either an expansionist Protestant or Roman Catholic faith, frequently sent missionaries as the vanguard of later imperialist ventures. Some areas in South and Southeast Asia—India, Vietnam (along with Laos and Cambodia), Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines—were taken outright and made to fit into larger European and American colonial networks. Even those areas that were not controlled directly by the West (such as China, Japan, and Korea) felt its influence in the form of imposed unequal treaties or carefully applied military pressure. The NRMs that evolved in this sociopolitical and cultural environment were either direct reactions against Western imperialism, taking the form of reinvention of an older tradition, or spiritual syntheses of Western and Asian belief systems. These new religions were thus designed to serve both as an answer and as an alternative to the spreading Westernization, secularization, individualism, and materialism occurring within Asian cultures.
The rise of the Arya Samaj and the Brahmo Samaj movements in India in the 19th century was a response to the growing British presence in India and the British challenge to Hindu traditions. These movements paved the way for other NRMs, including Ramakrishna's Vedanta movement, which sought to make Vedanta philosophy and practice accessible to a Western audience. A second such movement was the Transcendental Meditation movement of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. A third new religion, with strong ties to the 12th-century Bhakti movement, was the Hare Krishna movement. Yet another was the cult founded by Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, who was also known as Acharya Rajneesh and, later, as Osho.
China and Taiwan
NRMs in China emerged after the first Opium War (1839–42) and were the result of Western imperialism, difficult economic conditions in southern China owing in part to the opium trade and the war over opium, and the arrival of the first generation of Anglo-American Protestant missionaries. The first and foremost of these new religions was the Taiping Tianguo (the Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Peace), a mixture of Evangelical Christianity, classical quasi-Confucian methods, and various popular traditions. Under its charismatic leader, Hong Xiuquan, the movement developed into a religious state that controlled key provinces in southern and central China. Taiping Tianguo threatened the stability of the Qing state until the movement was finally put down in 1865.
After the signing of the treaties of Tianjin (1858), the Western Christian missionary enterprise was legalized in China, and many forms of Christian denominational messages spread throughout the country. One effect of this cultural and spiritual influence was the development of indigenous Protestant sects and denominations. One of these Christian new religions, the Zhen Yesu Jiaohui (True Jesus Church), evolved as a result of the Pentecostal charismatic revivals (1900–20) in the United States. A second independent church was the Difang Hui (Local Church), founded in the 1930s by Watchman Nee, whose followers later spread the church to the United States.
Some of China's later new religions grew out of forms of sectarian and popular faith that predated the Opium Wars. One such major new body, which evolved out of the White Lotus millenarian tradition and the related tradition of moralistic spirit-writing (bailuan/fuji), or shamanistic sects, is the highly syncretistic Yiguan Dao (I-Kuan Tao; "the Unity Sect"). Another fuji group, the Zhihui Tang (Compassion Sect), began in Taiwan in 1949, and, as in Yiguan Dao, Wangmu Niangniang is its major deity.
The constitution adopted by the People's Republic of China in 1982 contains religious tolerance clauses, and both traditional and newer forms of religiosity are flourishing. House churches—small Evangelical and charismatic Christian bodies reminiscent of the True Jesus Church—have appeared, and the number of those who call themselves Christian has risen markedly. Minjian (popular) traditions have also made a comeback, with older temples being restored and new ones being built. The revival of the minjian traditions is due in part to renewed contact with Taiwan and to the moral and financial support of followers in Taiwan of such mainland cults as those of Mazu, the goddess of the sea; Baosheng Dadi, the god of medicine; Guanyin, the popular goddess of mercy; and Guangong, the martial and judicial god.
The most important NRM to appear in China is the faith in the semimystical powers of qigong (Chinese: "discipline of the vital breath"), the classical tradition of spiritual and physical exercise that is often seen as the basis for the martial arts. In the 1980s and '90s, qigong masters developed followings throughout China by demonstrating their powers. The movement spread to Taiwan, where qigong teachings were integrated into the teachings of syncretistic sects. The most controversial and best-known qigong group is Falun Gong, which was founded by Li Hongzhi in 1992. Li taught meditation techniques and ritual exercises designed to provide a means of obtaining spiritual and mental renewal. In 1999 the group staged a dramatic demonstration in Beijing against the Chinese government, which had denounced Falun Gong as a xiejiao ("heretical cult") and has continued to suppress the group in the 21st century.
Taiwan's postwar political and religious experience differs from that of the mainland. Taiwan was taken over by Chinese Nationalists in 1945 and became the refuge for and a bastion of the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) after 1949. With considerable American help and a reformed Nationalist regime, it developed into an economic success. Its leaders opened the nation to Christian missionaries and to independent Chinese churches, such as the True Jesus Church. The government of Taiwan also supported mainstream traditions such as Buddhism and Daoism and did little, if anything, to stifle the development of the major popular cults (many from Fujian province) that had evolved on the island after 1600. Numerous syncretistic new religions have blossomed in this climate, including socially active, salvationistic Buddhist organizations; charismatic Christian churches, such as the True Jesus Church and the New Testament Church; the moralistic, syncretistic sect Yiguan Dao (I-Kuan Tao); and a postmodern and highly eclectic millenarian sect, the Zhen Dao (True Way).
The traumatic political, economic, social, and cultural changes that took place during the final years of the Tokugawa shogunate and the first two decades of the Meiji Restoration contributed to the formation of a large number of new religious entities that scholars of Japan have termed "new religions." Such religions had their roots in Shintō and Buddhism, the two dominant traditions in Japan, as well as in Tokugawa neo-Confucianism. The basic causes of the dynamic growth of these religions are rooted in the extreme lack of vitality and formalism of the older traditions and the enthusiasm and sense of renewal of the NRMs. Like those of China, Taiwan, Korea, and Southeast Asia, the NRMs of Japan are characterized by high levels of popular participation and volunteerism, with followers running day-to-day operations and converting new adherents.
The earliest of the Japanese new religions include Tenri-kyō and Konkō-kyō. The years between World Wars I and II saw the development of Gedatsu-kai (a sect that is a syncretistic blend of Shintō, Buddhism, and Confucianism), Ōmoto-kyō, and Hito-no-michi (another Shintō-related sect). The postwar period saw further development of some of these earlier groups—Hito-no-michi, for example, became PL Kyōdan (Perfect Liberty Church). New sects also appeared, such as Tenshō Kōtai Jingō-kyō, also known as Odoru Shu-kyō (the Dancing Religion); and Jōhrei, a Christian-based self-help movement. The most notorious of the Japanese NRMs, the radical doomsday religion AUM Shinrikyo, was founded in 1987 by Matsumoto Chizuo (known as Asahara Shoko), whose teachings were a mixture of Asian traditions and Christian apocalypticism. The group fell into disgrace after it launched a nerve gas attack on a Tokyo subway. The group later changed its name to Aleph and tried to rehabilitate itself without its founder.
The most successful of the Japanese NRMs, however, is Sōka-gakkai (Value Creation Society), a lay Buddhist group that claimed more than six million members at the end of the 20th century. Founded originally in 1930, the group was repressed and disbanded during World War II, but it was refounded in 1946. It experienced dramatic growth in the 1950s due to a controversial policy of conversion, and in 1964 it founded the political party Kōmeitō (Clean Government Party). Its teachings are rooted in the tradition of Nichiren, a 13th-century Japanese Buddhist. Sōka-gakkai stresses the values of beauty and goodness (Zen) and the benefits of chanting an invocation to its chief scripture, the Lotus Sutra.
The history of modern Korea has been one of war and division. Long influenced by both the Chinese and the Japanese, Korea became a battleground in the age of imperialism. In the late 19th century Japan entered the ranks of modern militarized and expansionist states, first taking over Taiwan in 1895 and then, in 1910, Korea. Japan ruled Korea with a strong and sometimes brutal hand until 1945. Korea was then divided into two states. In 1950 South Korea was invaded by the communist regime of North Korea. Intervention by the United Nations (largely the United States) saved the two-state system and allowed for a truce that redefined the borders of the two Koreas, one a communist state and the other a Westernized, quasi-military state. Only from the mid-1980s did South Korea move toward democracy, while North Korea remained a poverty-stricken, family-run dictatorship.
This painful and traumatic history created a fertile environment for the development of Korean NRMs. Meanwhile, since the mid-19th century, Korea had been heavily influenced by Christian missionaries, both Catholic and Protestant. In the late 19th century the millenarian Tajong-gyo, or the Tangun Cult, was formulated by Na Chul. The postwar period sparked not only Christian churches—almost 50 percent of Koreans are Christian—but the development of radical forms of Christianity and quasi-Christianity. David Yonggi Cho's Yoido Full Gospel Church in Seoul is the world's largest congregation, with more than 700,000 parishioners. It belongs to the Assemblies of God, the major Pentecostal denomination in the United States. The largest quasi-Christian new religion is Sun-Myung Moon's Unification Church.
Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia
The nations of Southeast Asia also went through periods of dramatic change during the 19th and 20th centuries, experiencing imperialistic conquest, Japanese aggression, and imperial divestiture followed by civil war and sociopolitical turmoil. One result of these dramatic and painful changes was the development of a number of NRMs.
In Vietnam, for example, two major NRMs formed, both of which contributed to the nation's political and cultural turmoil. Cao Dai, a syncretistic religion that blended Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, and Christianity, became a military and political force with considerable power during the final years of World War II and over the course of the First Indochina War (1945–54). A second major new religion, Hoa Hao, was founded by a Buddhist reformer, Huynh Phu So. Blending Confucianism, animism, and indigenous Vietnamese religious practices, the movement became a political and military presence that, like Cao Dai, was involved in the violent political universe of Vietnam in the years following World War II.
The Philippines produced its own new religions. These were the Rizalist cults, named after José Rizal, a martyr in the struggle against the Spanish in the years immediately preceding the Spanish-American War. The Rizalist cults were syncretistic and combined Catholic elements with pre-Spanish Malay and Filipino elements, presenting millenarian messages that gave hope to the poor and oppressed.
In Indonesia in 1933, the Sufi Muhammad Subuh, also known as Bapak, founded Subud, a movement that spread to the West in the 1950s. Its followers believe they can open themselves to the power of God through singing, dancing, shouting, laughter, and feelings of rapture and release. Thus, in form, at least, Subud parallels the traditional Sufi mystical experience and the charismatic Christian experience that is seen in the True Jesus Church and the New Testament Church of Taiwan.
NRMs, in all their diversity, represent various responses to the challenges of modernity: religious and cultural pluralism, the influence of science and technology, and the secularization of much of modern life. They are also attempts to find new spiritual alternatives to the mainstream religious traditions. While some NRMs have led their adherents to tragic ends and others faded away as quickly as they had arisen, many have provided religious solace to those who feel they cannot obtain it elsewhere, and some show signs of enduring and becoming institutionalized. Some of them will undoubtedly become, over time, part of tomorrow's "mainstream religions."
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There's still 10 weeks to go before a strong gust of autumnal wind slams the transfer window shut, but we've already seen some mega-money deals.
Radamel Falcao has finally completed his move away from Atletico Madrid - but not to where you'd think - while another fine Colombian export has joined him on the French south coast.
When you can't beat them, join them - so Neymar's teamed up with Lionel Messi to form a super South American strike force at the Nou Camp.
Roberto Mancini spent most of last season telling everyone Manchester City were too slow in the transfer market last summer.
So his bosses took note, fired him, and spent a ton of money in the first few weeks of this window. Poor Roberto.
Anyway, in what hopefully will be the first of a monthly round-up, GMS counts down the top 10 transfer deals of this summer's window so far.
There's plenty of time for new additions to this top 10 though, so who do you think will be next to crack it - Edinson Cavani?
Maybe Wayne Rooney, or even Gareth Bale?
All valuations courtesy of transfermarkt.co.uk
Have your say by leaving a comment below...


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Originally published in The Examiner:
Part One....THE PROPHET WHO RAISES THE DEAD
Part Two....'HEALING' PROPHET HAILED AS GOD AT S.F. REVIVAL
Part Three....D.A. AIDE OFFICIATES FOR MINOR BRIDE
Part Four....PROBE ASKED OF PEOPLE'S TEMPLE
Previously Unpublished:
Part Five....THE PEOPLE'S TEMPLE AND MAXINE HARPE
Part Six....THE REINCARNATION OF JESUS CHRIST -- IN UKIAH
Part Seven....JIM JONES DEFAMES A BLACK PASTOR
Part eight/Final....SEX, SOCIALISM, AND CHILD TORTURE WITH REV. JIM JONES
Jonestown Apologist's Alert
Care To "Clown Around" For A Few Minutes?
6 years ago


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Thursday, August 29, 2013
What Comes Next(?) - The Starting Rotation
As the season concluded last year, there was significant discussion about the "crisis of consumer confidence", and the impending doom for the franchise unless something dramatic occurred to provide the fans with something resembling hope for the future. And then it all happened within the space of a few weeks, and there was tangible excitement and newfound aspirations. And ticket sales. And press conferences.
Proven players and veteran presence and spending to be contending. Everything you could want and more.
But as we'd soon find out, it doesn't take much time for plans to go wrong. And we're chasing another ghost of a chance.*
The dilemma we as fans now face is understanding how you take a dramatically remodeled franchise with designs on perpetual contention that has been an abject failure, and tweak around the edges to regain that footing.
Without question, the biggest disappointment this year has been the starting pitching. Injuries and ineffectiveness have essentially led to two of the top three starters - Josh Johnson and Brandon Morrow - being below replacement level and required much support from understudies who were on no one's radar before the season.
(If you figured that Todd Redmond would provide significantly more value than Morrow, then I'd like to borrow your crystal ball.)
Moreover, R.A. Dickey has looked like a back of the rotation starter for much of the season, and given his age and nagging injuries that have seeming affected his ability to throw the knuckleball as he did in his 2012 career year, one can hardly pencil him in as a number one or two starter for 2014.
The Jays' 2014 rotation will likely include Dickey, Morrow and Mark Buerhle, who has had a season which was as good as you could expect. But to seriously contend in 2014 or 2015, one would imagine that you'd be looking for at least one if not two pitchers who would slot ahead of them in the pecking order.
There's precious little frontline help for hire among free agent starting pitching. The top options among pitchers under the age of 32 would be Matt Garza, Tim Lincecum, Ricky Nolasco, or Edinson Volquez, and while none of them scream out "staff ace", it is likely they'll look to be paid as such. Which means that the Jays would likely have to overpay wildly in order to land a pitcher who might be a number two starter if all goes well, or possibly a three or four in most scenarios. Which doesn't really address the crux of the problem.
We can cast our nets out into an ocean of dreams filled with unlikely trade scenarios, but considering the number of prospects that were sent out the door in order to land the mid-to-back-of-rotation starters that we now have, it's hard to imagine the package that could be constructed to tempt a team into trading Cliff Lee, or someone like him. (Note to file: There's no one "like" Cliff Lee.)
We can also hope that Marcus Stroman and Sean Nolin are ready to step into a prime time role next season, but that's a lot to ask of any rookie pitcher. While both of them have shown promise in the minors this season, we're not exactly talking about the next Dwight Gooden or Steve Carlton stepping into the big leagues.
Beyond them, Aaron Sanchez is probably still a year away, and Roberto Osuna might be two years away, given his recent injuries.
There are two starters returning from a year of injuries in Kyle Drabek and Drew Hutchison, but if you presume a certain level of ineffectiveness coming off a UCL replacement surgery and rehab, they might slot in at the back of the rotation if not the bullpen or in Buffalo.
And what about one-time staff ace Ricky Romero? I'd be surprised to see him in a Jays uniform next year.
So what does that leave in terms of options? There are some older free agents who will be on the market, including former Jays Roy Halladay, Chris Carpenter and A.J. Burnett. (And how odd is it that the last guy on that list would seem to be the more desirable option?) Maybe it's overly cynical or self-critical to say this, but I would imagine that none of those three would be clamouring to return to Toronto.
Another intriguing option would be Johan Santana, who hasn't pitched since August 17th of 2012, but who is still just 34 years old and has the pitching smarts to be a top starter if his body can keep up its side of the bargain.
I'm also a bit intrigued by the impressive performances of the Rockies' Jorge De La Rosa and Jhoulys Chacin in what are typically inhospitable conditions for pitchers, but again, we're talking about players who would need to be acquired and who might not be much better than a number three.
Beyond the personnel on the mound next year, there are two other essential pieces worth considering: The pitching coach and the starting catcher.
It's hard to know how much of this season's poor outcomes can be pinned on Pete Walker, especially when it would seem that none of the issues with Dickey or Morrow could be coached away. While I'm not advocating it, firing the pitching coach might not be out of the question after this season, especially after this week's announcement that manager John Gibbons will be back for 2014. It seems unlikely that the entirety of the coaching staff would return intact after a season like this.
And while I'll admit to be a bit dim and unclear on where Walker's responsibilities end and where those of Pat Hentgen begin, the success of some unheralded bullpen arms at least raises the notion that maybe there's a qualified and popular successor on the staff now.
It's also unfair and a bit presumptuous to say that the starting catcher had a negative impact on the rotation this year, even as unpopular as the incumbent in that position has become. But J.P. Arencibia's bat might not be good enough to keep him in that role going forward.
We could dream on bringing José Molina back to Toronto to frame pitches and steal strikes like a masked bandit, though at 38 years of age with that body, it seems hard to imagine getting 100 starts from him in 2014.
On the younger side of the equation, we're all anxious to see what A.J. Jimenez can bring to the table, and seeing him up close might be a highlight of the final weeks of the season. But can we presume that he can be an above-average game-caller in his first year in the bigs, supposing he even makes the team out of spring training? Seems like a tall order.
There are no simple answers when it comes to improving the Jays' rotation for 2014. But it's hard to conceive of a 90-win team in Toronto unless something notable happens to change the makeup of those five roster spots.
*That's a paraphrased lyric from Calexico's "Service and Repair". I've listened to that song a lot lately.
5 comments:
- Bryan Duffett said...
Nice, Tao. I wish for two things: more Jays blog posts from you and more jays wins.
- August 29, 2013 at 1:50 PM
- Tim Falls said...
I think Buerhle and Dickey have found their stride, but I am hoping that the Jays shop for reliability on the mound. I don't want someone who is injury prone (Johnson). That said, Brandon Morrow is a huge risk next year if you are relying on him to be the #2 starter. He is a bonus.
So really, the Jays are shopping for a #2 starter again and hope that Morrow steps up. Romero, Happ, Drabek, Hutchinson, Redmond, Rogers are all #4 / #5 starters right now at best. That's about $15M in salary.
And no, you can't count on Ryan Goins to be the starting 2B next year but I don't see why you would not take a risk on Cabrera again in LF next year with Rajai and Gose as backups.
And Arencibia needs some serious catching coaching help to improve defensively. I can absolutely live with him batting 8th in the lineup with 20+ bombs a year.
Reyes 6 / Cabrera 7/ Bautista 9/ Edwin 3 / Lind 0 / Lawrie 5 / Rasmus 6 / Arencibia 2 / and xxx 4 still is an awesome productive lineup. Keep Rajai for speed. Keep Izturis as your UI. Keep Thole. Keep Derosa. Improve the fundamentals.
- August 29, 2013 at 2:25 PM
- Steve Mayer said...
Great. Hard to be optimistic over next year then. Alex sure has his work cut out for him. And pray for health. At least Buffalo might have a half-decent year if Hutch/Drabek/Nolin/Stroman/Romero are their 5.
Wondered if you figured Happ would be a contributor or not. I'd say I've seen enough promising starts from him to say he fits.
- August 29, 2013 at 3:27 PM
- sporkless said...
Yep, definitely slim pickings in free agency, and hard to see what trade(s) could be made.
If either of the NPB's Masahiro Tanaka or Kenta Maeda gets posted this winter, I wonder if the Jays would take a shot... Of course, that may just be another PR disaster in the waiting.
- August 29, 2013 at 4:21 PM
- NoisyFlowers said...
I think the Jays are pretty much stuck with what they have rotation wise. They can add depth but they are unlikely to improve. What they need to do (and frankly what they should have done last off-season), is approach run-prevention more holistically and field a better defense. The team has three excellent offensive players (Reyes, Bautista, Encarnacion) and one excellent defender with tremendous offensive potential (Lawrie) and a solid all around player (Rasmus). That's enough of a an offensive core to allow the team to stress defense at the three remaining positions. There's only one DH so one of Lind or Melky has to go and a real LF has to be brought in with CF occupied by Rasmus (or possibly Gose but you would need a killer return in a Rasmus trade to justify the offensive downgrade of going with Gose). Izturis, at the very most, should have a greatly reduced role backing up a good defensive 2B (Goins looks solid but he should be held behind as extra depth in AAA). The money that was set aside for Josh Johnson's qualifying offer is more than enough to double Carlos Ruiz' salary so he's actually a realistic target and a huge overall upgrade from JPA. He could have the biggest impact on run prevention of any free agent so wooing him should be priority #1 even if it means a public falling out with JPA.
- August 30, 2013 at 10:50 AM


text:
What exactly is a "liberal arts" education?
In the United States, the opportunity to study in many academic areas forms the core of a liberal arts and sciences education. Students select courses from many disciplines, including: literature, the arts, philosophical and religious studies, historical studies, physical and life sciences, deductive reasoning and analytical processes, social analysis, foreign language, writing, and the study of various, divergent cultures.
By the end of their third semesters (midway through sophomore year), students pick a major, and that becomes their primary academic focus for the next two years of college work. Some students concentrate on a single field; others link subjects to form a combined major.
"The purpose of liberal education is much higher than the concerns of our daily life ... a reflection on what we as human beings are, what we were, and what we can and will become." -- Irakly Areshidze '00, Republic of Georgia
What are the annual fees to attend?
Comprehensive Fee Information
Additional Expenses
Travel: All students must pay for their transportation to the United States and to Middlebury, Vermont. Funds are needed to cover living expenses during vacations when Middlebury is on break: Thanksgiving in November; winter vacation in December; spring vacation; and the long summer vacation, June through August. Some students return home at their own expense during summer vacation. It is possible for students to remain on campus during breaks, but services are limited during those periods.
Taxes: You may be required to pay taxes on income earned in the U.S., including income from on-campus jobs and any grants or scholarships you receive from Middlebury. This can amount to several hundred dollars per year.
Health Insurance: International students are required to purchase a U.S.-based health insurance policy, which will cover medical expenses that may arise from illnesses or conditions above and beyond those normally handled at the College Health Center.
What are the living accommodations?
More than 95 percent of Middlebury students live on campus in coeducational houses or residence halls. Housing is guaranteed for all four years. Some houses are small, holding as few as three students; others are larger, accommodating as many as 240. Sometimes students who share a common interest, such as speaking a particular foreign language, also share a house. Almost all first-year students have a roommate.
Meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) are provided in the College dining centers. They are prepared by professional chefs and are normally served buffet-style, with a variety of dishes and à la carte items. Snacks can be purchased in a number of locations on campus. Special dietary needs are handled on a case-by-case basis, but vegetarian choices are always available.
How international is Middlebury's student body?
About 10 percent of Middlebury's 2,350 undergraduates are citizens of countries other than the U.S., representing about 80 nations. In addition, many Middlebury students who are U.S. citizens have lived abroad before arriving at college.
Nearly two-thirds of Middlebury's students study abroad during their undergraduate years in about 90 different programs located in 40 or more countries.
Is the TOEFL required?
Applicants for whom English is not the first language are required to demonstrate their proficiency in English. Middlebury will consider either the TOEFL or the results from a number of other standardized assessments, including the SAT I, ACT, IELTS, CPE, MELAB and the Pearson Test of English Academic. Predicted grades in IB A1 or A2 English or in A-level English will also be considered. Middlebury has no minimum or "cut-off" score that would automatically eliminate an application. We do not "superscore" English proficiency tests (i.e., use the best scores in each section from multiple testings to create the highest possible aggregate) but instead will consider your highest aggregate score and the subscores from that particular test administration which make up that aggregate score.
What is Middlebury's commitment to international education?
As the College catalog says, "Middlebury is an institution with a long-standing international focus. Middlebury's education reflects a sense of looking outward, a realization that the traditional insularity of America is indeed something of the past, a habit that we can no longer afford. We seek to bring to Middlebury those who wish not only to learn about themselves and their own traditions, but to see beyond the bounds of class, culture, region or nation."
Middlebury is committed to "maintaining conspicuous excellence in the areas of its traditional strengths such as language, literature, and an international perspective, including study abroad."
What is Middlebury's policy regarding the International Baccalaureate?
Middlebury welcomes applicants from IB schools, and has found them to be very well prepared for our liberal arts curriculum. Students who have completed the full IB Diploma and earned grades of 6 or 7 on higher-level examinations are eligible for a maximum of two Middlebury course credits. No credit is awarded for standard level exams.
How does this broad philosophy translate into Middlebury's curricular offerings?
Among other things, Middlebury offers:
- Study in nine modern and three classical languages
- Intensive summer programs in nine languages
- Study centers operated by Middlebury, located around the world
- Overseas study opportunities in nearly every country
- Double and joint majors that combine language study with another academic discipline such as art, history or political science
- Programs that encompass the language and society of a particular region including East Asian Studies, Eastern European Studies, European Studies, and Latin American Studies
- Programs and majors that focus on critical issues from a cross-disciplinary perspective and across national boundaries, including International Politics and Economics and International Studies
- The opportunity to complete international studies programs in fewer than four years and to take advantage of internships combining language and career interests.
Does Middlebury offer English as a Second Language or other intensive English programs?
No, it does not. Students are expected to have the necessary English language skills to comprehend lectures, read substantial amounts of written materials, and communicate their thoughts effectively in speech and in writing. No intensive instruction in the English language is offered.
Will I be able to study at an American medical school after graduating from Middlebury?
International students (those who are not US citizens or permanent residents) often find that admission to American medical schools is extremely difficult. Many institutions, especially medical schools at state-run universities, do not consider applications from international students. Private institutions may consider international students for admission, but are extremely competitive and often require applicants to place a significant portion of their four year tuition in escrow prior to medical school enrollment, an amount that may exceed $250,000. Because international students are not eligible for the government or non-government loans that most U.S. citizens and permanent residents use to finance their medical education, affording a medical education in the U.S. is a formidable barrier.
While Middlebury welcomes international students to campus regardless of their post-college goals, it is important for international students considering attendance at Middlebury or other American colleges and universities to think carefully about the barriers to attending an American medical school after graduation. Prospective students interested in this career path should speak with Middlebury's Director of Health Professions & STEM Advising early on to better understand the challenges they might encounter. You can contact Mary Lothrop at 802.443.5077 or firstname.lastname@example.com with any questions regarding the medical school admissions process.
How large are the classes?
Most classes are small, averaging 16 students, and professors teach their own classes; graduate teaching assistants are not used at Middlebury. Students enjoy personal attention from faculty members, who take the time to work with students on a one-to-one basis. Of the 265 faculty members, 95 percent hold the most advanced degrees in their fields.
Can international students apply to Middlebury through the Early Decision programs?
Yes. International students apply and are admitted through Middlebury's Early Decision program each year.
How do I decide whether to apply Early Decision to Middlebury?
Any student who, if admitted, is committed to attending Middlebury may wish to consider to making an Early Decision application. If an applicant also applies for financial aid and completes the aid application on schedule, Middlebury will send the financial aid decision at the same that it sends the letter of admission. Middlebury's financial aid packages are designed to meet students' full assessed need. Because of the binding nature of Early Decision, however, any student seeking to compare financial aid decisions from several colleges and universities should apply through the regular decision process.
What forms does Middlebury require of international applicants for admission and financial aid and how can they be obtained?
For admission, Middlebury uses the Common Application or the Coalition Application for all applicants in conjunction with our institutional supplementary form. Students who are not U.S. citizens and who wish to apply for financial aid must submit the CSS International Profile, which can be found on the website for the office of Student Financial Services.
Families must also send a statement from each employer, listing income and other benefits for the most recent calendar year. We suggest that you request a copy of any statements which are sent on your behalf, such as employer's statements, and that you provide any additional information if you believe that the information submitted on your behalf is misleading or difficult for us to understand. We also recommend that you keep a personal copy of everything you send to Middlebury College.
What if I have questions about my financial aid decision when I receive it?
Middlebury makes the most appropriate offer possible based on the information you provide to our office of financial aid. You should feel free to ask questions and our financial aid staff will be happy to clarify any part of your aid decision that is confusing to you. You are also welcome to provide any additional information or changes to your family's finances that have occurred since you completed the financial aid application. This is true even after you receive our initial aid decision.
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There are more than 150 clubs and organizations that students may join. Participating in these is a great way to make friends, develop leadership skills, and have fun at the same time. An organization exists for nearly every social, religious, cultural, literary, volunteer, artistic, or athletic interest.
There are 31 varsity sports. Club sports include: crew, cycling, horseback riding, martial arts, sailing, ultimate Frisbee, volleyball, and water polo. In addition, there are frequent guest lectures, films, music performances, and concerts.
Middlebury students have no shortage of options for outdoor recreation—hiking, biking, nordic and alpine skiing, ice skating, rowing, and sailing, to name a few. The College owns its own ski facilities, with downhill and wooded cross-country trails. Students may also play (for a modest fee) at the College's 18-hole golf course, play tennis on campus courts, play squash and racquetball in the gymnasium, swim in the new Olympic-size pool, and exercise in the fitness and weight-training center.
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Middlebury College is located in the northeastern United States in the town of Middlebury, Vermont (population 8,000). It is one of the United States' most beautiful spots—nestled in a green valley with views of nearby mountains. The rolling landscape is dotted with farms and open land with abundant wildlife.
Lake Champlain, a 120-mile long lake that forms part of the border between Vermont and New York, is 20 minutes from campus. Burlington, Vermont's largest city, is 35 miles away, and is served by an international airport. Boston is four hours away by car; New York City, five hours; and Montreal, two and a half.
What's the weather like?
Vermont enjoys four distinct seasons:
-- Fall (September – November)
Average highs: 6 to 20 °C (44/69° F)
Average lows:-1 to -9° C (30/49° F)
Warm days are often followed by cold nights. October brings foliage season; people travel from all over the world each fall to see the leaves of Vermont's trees change from green to bright red, orange and yellow.
-- Winter (December – February)
Average highs:-4 to -1° C (25/30° F)
Average lows:-13 to -9° C (8/15° F)
Below-freezing temperatures are the norm, with dry, cold weather interspersed with regular snowstorms. It's not unusual to have snow on the ground from mid-December to mid-March. Coats, heavy jackets, gloves, and warm boots are essential.
-- Spring (March – May)
Average highs: 3 to 19° C (38/66° F)
Average lows:-6 to 7° C (21/44° F)
The cold and snow gradually give way to warmer days by mid-April, but spring can bring wet weather, too.
-- Summer (June – August)
Average highs: 24 to 26° C (76/80° F)
Average lows: 12 to 15° C (54/59° F)
Long, warm days are the rule, with cool nights. Summer in Vermont is hard to beat.
Clothing: Many students prefer to purchase appropriate clothing and outerwear after they arrive in the U.S., in preparation for winter weather that may be colder than in their home countries.
Is financial aid available for transfer students?
Concern about the cost of a Middlebury education should not prevent you from applying for admission. The College provides financial aid through grants, which do not need to be repaid; loans, which do need to be repaid; and work-study programs. Financial assistance is based entirely upon established need, and over 40 percent of our students receive such assistance. Financial aid for transfer students may be awarded on a need-blind or a need-aware basis, depending on available resources at the time.
Each student is currently expected to contribute a minimum of $1,800 toward first-year expenses and $2,200 for each of the subsequent years.
Does Middlebury enroll transfer students?
Middlebury admits a limited number of transfer students annually, depending upon the number of available places.


text: Ok now mind you, we're just talking a few seconds here... But I want to get rid of it! The ssh daemon on the other side responds /immediately/ with its pub key to let me know who it is (if I ssh to it after deleting its known_hosts entry, it responds immediately with the key to add for it). Problem is that once the key is added, and for subsequent logins, there is a delay of a few seconds before it asks for password (or allows me on, if I'm authenticating with a key). For the purposes of what I need to do with something, the delay is bad. Anyone know how to get rid of it? "nodelay" as an option on the auth lines of /etc/pam.d/sshd didn't change anything. So, just curious if anyone knows off-hand how to deal with this.


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- Year
- 1957
Soviet Union launches Sputnik I
The successful launch of the unmanned satellite Sputnik I by the Soviet Union in October 1957 shocks and frightens many Americans. As the tiny satellite orbited the earth, Americans reacted with dismay that the Soviets could have gotten so far ahead of the supposedly technologically superior United States. There was also fear that with their new invention, the Soviets had gained the upper hand in the arms race. In addition, such a show of technological prowess could only help the USSR in its efforts to achieve closer economic and political relations with third world nations in Africa and Asia.
Democrats scorched the Republican administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower for allowing the United States to fall so far behind the communists. Eisenhower responded by speeding up the U.S. space program, which resulted in the launching of the satellite Explorer I on January 31, 1958. The "space race" had begun.


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Juelz Santana Says Cam'Ron Took Advantage + Wants To Challenge Nelly & Polow Da Don In A Bowling Match
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