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Browse by Medical Category
Research at Mass General
Ask us about our clinical research study about early signs of Autism. View our infant sibling study flyer.
OverviewAutism Spectrum Disorders are rapidly reaching epidemic proportions in the United States and throughout the world. While there is evidence that some of those on the autism spectrum show abnormalities in their genetic make-up, it is becoming clear that other factors are involved in the burgeoning number of cases we see each year.
By providing an integrated stream of brain and body laboratory studies, TRANSCEND aims to systematically turn clinical assessment and treatment into data for research that will maximize the help we can give to each patient.
We believe that every individual with autism experiences social, emotional and medical challenges that deserve assessment and study to uncover every possible avenue of assistance, both for that individual and for those with similar difficulties. At the same time, each individual with autism is unique, and deserves personalized care.
Our Collaborators
With our growing network of collaborators we "transcend" the separation between isolated silos of knowledge and integrate together the many levels of autism into a coherent and synergistic framework.
Integration of brain and body with genetic biomarkers to allow an individualized understanding of autism is a totally unique approach to diagnosis, research and treatment. When we place this model into a clinical setting it allows us to treat each facet of autism in its own terms, and at the same time learn how these interventions impact the whole person. This approach goes straight to the "biological ground zero" of the everyday reality of autism. It represents a model for truly effective 21st century systems clinical science for ASD.
TRANSCEND is approaching the diagnosis and treatment of ASD and developmental disabilities with the intent to:
About Us
The TRANSCEND program is based at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, the Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging in Charlestown, and in Lexington. The path-breaking Lurie Center for Autism—part of the MassGeneral Hospital for Children—has an office in the same building.Established under the leadership of Dr. Martha Herbert, the TRANSCEND program was initiated to explore possible abnormalities in the brains and bodies of children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).
TRANSCEND is unique because:
Our program includes:
TRANSCEND's partners work from a model of autism that describes a complex whole body condition with many treatable facets.
Brain as part of the body
Brain and body problems in autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders and how they develop
TRANSCEND partners believe that while genes, brain and behavior are important in autism, if we want to help people now we need a more complete model.
TRANSCEND focuses on the the relationships of brain and body because we believe that this will help us move more quickly to finding more ways to help people have better quality of life. Observant clinicians know that if we can make our "body machine" work better, behavior and cognition often improve along the way.
What we measure:
Where we measure it:
The TRANSCEND trademark is to integrate these measures and root them in a practical approach to the whole person.
Updated 5/21/2011
Ask us about our clinical research study about early signs of Autism. Open our infant sibling study flier.
Partnership in Research
TRANSCEND is a network of like-minded researchers and clinicians devoted to pooling and integrating brain and body knowledge and research to help people with autism and related neurodevelopmental disorders. Partnering in all research and treatment efforts will speed our progress toward understanding how best to help and support each person with ASD and everyone in their lives.
Doctors, Scientists and Staff
TRANSCEND key personnel, who span multiple disciplines, are united by a commitment to addressing the biological features of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). By pursuing multiple dimensions of measurement in a coordinated fashion, and by drawing upon biological as well as psychological clinical observation in formulating hypotheses, we believe that we will be able to
Professional Staff
MARTHA HERBERT, Ph.D., M.D. (Program Director; MRI and Biomarkers)Dr. Martha Herbert, is an Assistant Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School, a Pediatric Neurologist with subspecialty certification in Neurodevelopmental Disabilities at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, a Principal Investigator and a member of the MGH Center for Morphometric Analysis, and an affiliate of the Harvard-MIT-MGH Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging. She earned her medical degree at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. She trained in Pediatrics at Cornell University Medical Center and in Neurology and Child Neurology at the Massachusetts General Hospital, where she has remained. Prior to her medical training she obtained a doctoral degree at the University of California, Santa Cruz, studying evolution and development of learning processes in biology and culture in the History of Consciousness program, and then did postdoctoral work in the philosophy and history of science. This work has influenced her current orientation toward systems biology, brain connectivity and brain-body interrelationships. In 2004 she received the first Cure Autism Now Innovator Award; she directs the Cure Autism Now Foundation's Brain Development Initiative. She is the Co-Chair of the Environmental Health Advisory Board of the Autism Society of America. Her research program includes studying what makes some autistic brains unusually large, how the parts of the brain are connected and coordinated with each other, and how we can develop measure sensitive to changes in brain and body function that could result from treatment interventions.
TAL KENET, Ph.D. (MEG, Scientific Director)Dr. Tal Kenet is an Instructor at Harvard Medical School and a Principal Investigator in the Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Neurology. She is also affiliated with the Harvard-MGH Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging at MGH-Charlestown. Dr. Kenet obtained her HMS/MGH faculty appointment in September 2005, following her post doctoral training with Dr. Michael Merzenich at UCSF. She has extensive training and knowledge in systems neuroscience, with particular expertise in sensory processing. Dr. Kenet's PhD work has become seminal in the field, as she was the first to show, using electrophysiological techniques, that the visual cortex rehearses functionally significant patterns in the absence of external inputs. During her post doctoral training, Dr. Kenet extended her expertise on sensory processing by studying the auditory cortex, and in particular the processes that may lead to abnormal development of auditory cortex in the rat model. Subsequently she became interested in autism and in the merits of MEG, and successfully applied for a Young Investigator Award from the Cure Autism Now foundation and from the MIND Institute at UC Davis. These awards enabled her to pursue a study of auditory processing in children with autism at the MEG lab at UCSF, where she has successfully used the technique in over 20 children with autism and 20 age matched controls (ages 7-12). Since moving to MGH she has used MEG successfully with both visual and auditory stimulation on several children and adults, both with and without autism. Dr. Kenet also has extensive experience with designing and implementing experimental protocols focusing primarily on sensory processing.
KATHERINE MARTIEN, M.D. (EEG, Clinical Research Director)Dr. Katherine Martien is a Principal Investigator and a Neurodevelopmental Pediatrician with subspecialty certification in Neurodevelopmental Disabilities with the Lurie Center for Autism (formerly the Learning and Developmental Disabilities Evaluation and Rehabilitation Services Clinic), an outpatient clinic of the Massachusetts General Hospital located in Wellesley. Educated at Mount Holyoke College and the Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Martien did her internship and residency at Boston Children's Hospital. After practicing primary care pediatrics at the M.I.T. Health Service for 10 years, she spent the next five years at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto where she did further fellowship training in Developmental Pediatrics, Neurology and Epilepsy and began clinical research on autism and on the relationship between autism and epilepsy.
JEROME KAGAN Ph.D. (EEG, Developmental Psychology)Dr. Jerome Kagan is Emeritus Professor of Psychology at Harvard University. His research has addressed the maturation of cognitive competences, temperamental factors in personality development, and moral development. He is a member of the Institute of Medicine and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and has been honored as making a distinguished contribution to science by the American Psychological Association and The Society for Research in Child Development. He is the author of 12 books and over 250 empirical papers.
MATTHEW ANDERSON, M.D., Ph.D. (Translational Research)Dr. Matthew P. Anderson is an Assistant Professor at Harvard Medical School, a Principal Investigator and Associate Neuropathologist at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and a Visiting Scientist in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a former Neuroscience Fellow of Dr. Susumu Tonegawa, Nobel Laureate, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences. He received his degrees at Cornell University and the University of Iowa, and his medical specialty training was obtained at Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA. He is board certified in Neuropathology and Anatomic Pathology. Dr. Anderson is a past recipient of an Independent Scientists Award from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Strokes, a Career Development Award from the National Institutes of Mental Health, a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award in the Biomedical Sciences, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Fellowship for Physicians Award and the International Distinguished Dissertation Award, Council of Graduate Schools.
MATTHEW BEMONTE, Ph.D. (EEG, MRI and Informatics)Dr. Matthew Belmonte is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Human Development at Cornell University. His work for the past decade and a half has addressed autism using techniques of quantitative EEG and fMRI, and has cut across subdisciplines and ideologies in the neuroscience of autism. His education and experience are wide-ranging and integrative: his postgraduate training took place in the laboratories of Eric Courchesne at UCSD, focusing on EEG, MRI morphometric and behavioral studies of attention in autism, and Deborah Yurgelun-Todd at McLean Hospital, focusing on cognitive fMRI studies. His postdoctoral work took place with Simon Baron-Cohen at Cambridge, combining his past experience in low-level studies of attention and perception with a new focus on methods of investigating high-level social cognition. Initially educated as a computer scientist, Dr. Belmonte spent two years programming visual neuroscience experiments at the New York University Center for Neural Science and a year on computational psychoacoustics in private industry, and developed nonparametric statistical methods for fMRI and EEG data analysis in time and frequency domains. Much of Dr. Bemonte's attention has been devoted to combining expertise and unifying subdisciplines. He has authored several collaborative papers on abnormal neural connectivity as a biological theme around which to unify disparate psychological theories, physiological results, and genetic findings, and on how to overcome technical and social obstacles to data sharing. Dr. Belmonte is the brother and uncle of two people with autism, and has served on the Scientific Review Council of Cure Autism Now.
PHILIP GRIEVE, Ph.D. (EEG Eoherence Analyses) Dr. Philip Grieve is an Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Pediatrics in the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. Dr. Grieve's laboratory pursues studies of infant brain development through measurements of brain electrical activity with the electroencephalogram (EEG). The laboratory has two portable 128 lead EEG recording machines that are used in bedside studies. Dr. Grieve's focus is the perinatal period and utilizes recordings from fetal primates, premature and full term infants, and young children. With custom data processing, he is able to deduce the brain's functional connectivity and relate its alterations to medical risk factors for adverse outcome. Dr. Grieve has over 8 publications in this area of research.
JOSEPH ISLER, Ph.D. (ERP Coherence Analyses) Joseph Isler is a geophysicist and software engineer who is now an Associate Research Scientist in the Department of Pediatrics at Columbia University where he is working on a career development award in quantitative EEG analysis. Hs work focuses on analysis of pediatric EEG and ERP data.
ROSALIND PICARD, Ph.D. (Miniaturized autonomic nervous system monitoring equipment; Affective computing) Dr. Rosalind W. Picard is founder and director of the Affective Computing Research Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Laboratory and co-director of the Things That Think Consortium, the largest industrial sponsorship organization at the lab. Prior to completing her doctorate at MIT, she was a Member of the Technical Staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories where she designed VLSI chips for digital signal processing and developed new methods of image compression and analysis. She was honored as a Fellow of the IEEE in 2005. The author of over a hundred peer-reviewed scientific articles in multidimensional signal modeling, computer vision, pattern recognition, machine learning, and human-computer interaction, Picard is known internationally for pioneering research in affective computing and, prior to that, for pioneering research in content-based image and video retrieval. She is recipient (with Tom Minka) of a best paper prize for work on machine learning with multiple models (1998) and is recipient (with Barry Kort and Rob Reilly) of a "best theory paper" prize for their work on affect in human learning (2001). Her award-winning book, Affective Computing, (MIT Press, 1997) lays the groundwork for giving machines the skills of emotional intelligence. She and her students have designed and developed a variety of new sensors, algorithms, and systems for sensing, recognizing, and responding respectfully to human affective information, with applications in human and machine learning, health, and human-computer interaction.
MATTHEW GOODWIN, Ph.D. (Intensive monitoring study design and data analysis methodologies)Matthew Goodwin has over a decade of experience working with individuals with ASD, their teachers, and parents at the Groden Center, a non-profit educational and treatment center for persons with autism spectrum disorders and other developmental disabilities located in Providence, Rhode Island. He has an exemplary track record successfully gathering physiological data via controlled experiments with both adults and children on the autism spectrum. His doctoral dissertation includes a discussion of the importance of intensive multidisciplinary characterization of individuals on the autism spectrum, and explicates the distinction between nomothetic and idiographic research methodologies and rationales. He and the Groden Center have developed an ongoing collaboration with Dr. Rosalind Picard at the MIT Media Lab, since their autism and psychology research methodology expertise complements the technology expertise of the MIT Media Lab, and will help the combined team to shape the technologies in ways that truly make a significant difference for advancing understanding of affective and stress related components of autism, and hopefully lead to better basic scientific understanding as well as practical interventions.
DAVID HOLTZMAN, MD, PHD. (Mitochondrial metabolism and magnetic spectroscopy imaging). David Holtzman is a an Associate Professor of Neurology and a pediatric neurologist at the Massachusetts General Hospital who specializes in metabolic diseases and mitochondrial diseases. He received his degrees from the University of Chicago, where he trained in medicine and as a biochemist. His research has included investigations of energetics in neurological disorders and recently of functional mitochondrial abnormalities in autism.
LORIN WILDE, Ph.D. (Electrical engineering, speech and language technologies)|Lorin Wilde has been a Research Affiliate at the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics since completing a doctorate there in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) in 1995.She has applied a multi-disciplinary background in Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Speech and Hearing Sciences, and Psychology to designing speech user interfaces and building assistive devices for the communicatively impaired. She is Chief Technology Officer of Wilder Communications, Inc., which was founded in 1999 to develop novel uses of speech technology. Dr. Wilde is a nationally certified Clinical Audiologist who served as Assistant Editor of the Handbook of Clinical Audiology (1981-1985) and initiated clinical research, while providing direct diagnostic and habilitative services at The Children's Hospital in Boston. She has continued to consult on collaborative research projects in the area of speech and language disorders. She has also been a lecturer at the MIT Media Laboratory, Northeastern University, and Boston University.
ALICE ARMSTRONG, PhD. (Neuropsychology) Alice Armstrong is a Clinical Neuropsychologist with experience as a School Psychologist and clinical work in the Psychiatry and Occupational Health departments of Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center. She earned her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Wayne State University in Detroit, and has experience working in both urban and rural environments. Her post-doctoral experience included work with the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Center in the Toxicology department at the University of Rochester, where her duties included the Coordinator of Community Outreach. Her research publications and interests include functional assessment and the evaluation of environmental toxins on human learning and behavior. A former Toastmaster, she also has experience teaching and training. She has managerial experience providing services to students of all ages (The Tutor Center and The Career Center) for a major academic publisher. She is an active volunteer in local arts organizations, and also has served on disaster response teams.
JUNG SUH, MPH, Ph.D. (Metabolomics) Jung Suh is a post-doctoral fellow in the laboratory of Bruce Ames at the Children's Hospital of Oakland Research Institute. He received his MPH from Boston University and received his PhD for work performed in the Linus Pauling Institute in Oregon, with a Ph.D. thesis entitled "Antioxidant mechanisms of ascorbate and (R)-alpha-lipoic acid: aging and transition metal ion-mediated oxidative stress." Dr. Suh's collaboration with TRANSCEND involves performing metabolomic assays of sulfur amino acid metabolism and oxidative stress.
Annette Robichaud, MSW M.Ed., senior research coordinator, comes to the TRANSCEND team with many years of experience in senior administration, grants management, budget, and human resources, as well as training in education and experience with autistic children.
Nandita Shetty, MS, is a magnetic resonance neuroimaging engineer with academic and corporate experience in scanning, sequence optimization and imaging analysis. Ms. Shetty coordinates the implementation of multimodal imaging acquisition and analysis.
Emily Israeli, MS, is a graduate of MIT with a Masters in engineering who works on analysis of MEG and EEG data. With her considerable expertise in complex signal processing, she helps to implement many of our intricate analyses of the EEG and MEG data.
Alyssa Orinstein, BA, is a research coordinator and psychometrician involved with cognitive and behavioral data collection and support of our subjects for our MRI and MEG imaging studies.
Nikki Mirabella, BA, is an EEG technologist and psychometrician involved with cognitive and behavioral data collection and EEG/ERP data acquisition.
The goal of TRANSCEND is to give every patient the opportunity to teach us important things about their ASD. We
offer each patient the opportunity to participate in clinical research and will make every effort to offer patients who come through the Lurie Center for Autism an opportunity for available assessments that are appropriate for them.
For More Information
If you would like to learn more about our studies, please call our Study Intake Coordinator at 617-966-9766 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Location of Studies
MRI, and MEG studies take place at the Charlestown Navy Yard (Massachusetts General Hospital's research campus). The EEG studies take place at our Lexington site, which also houses the Lurie Center for Autism and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital programs. Screening visits usually take place at our Charlestown Site but sometimes take place in Lexington.
Charlestown site:
149 13th StreetCharlestown, MA 02129
Lexington site:
1 Maguire RoadLexington, MA 02421
Study Descriptions
To take part in our studies you need to be screened to see if you or your child qualifies. Here are the Steps in our research studies:
These methods are considered entirely safe technologies. Risks may include boredom or restlessness. People who experience claustrophobia should not volunteer for the MRI study. There are no known side effects of the MRI, MEG, or EEG.
We also have a BIOMARKERS study, to measure metabolism, immune function and other systemic biology. We have received funding to do a multisystem (behavior, medical, nervous system) study of infants at high risk for autism (if they have an older sibling with autism). Please stay tuned for further information. We hope to start around the beginning of 2009.
Eligibility Screening
The purpose of the screening visit is to determine which of our studies may be appropriate for your child. Your child will be evaluated by an examiner with special experience with children. There will also be questionnaires for the parent or legal guardians. The results of the screening will allow us to tell you what studies might be appropriate for your child.
MRI study
MEG study
EEG study
Neurobehavioral Evaluation
Once your child is found to be eligible to be in one or more of our studies we will perform more evaluations, depending on the needs of the specific study. These further evaluations will be in order to get to know your child better, which will help us answer our research questions. The results will tell us about your child's reasoning, language, motor, and play skills. The visit may last about 2 hours (or more for some studies). If your child needs more time to finish, you can come back for an extra visit.
MRI Study
For this study, we will be using an MRI scanner to take pictures of the brain. An MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is a safe, non-invasive method that uses the strength of a magnetic field to obtain pictures from the inside of body. People who take part in this study need to be able to stay still for about half an hour to an hour (with some breaks if necessary).
We will help prepare you or your child for the MRI by some combination of listening to the sounds it produces, practicing being in a model of a scanner, and playing games that are about being in the scanner.
MEG Study
For this study, we will use the MEG machine (MagnetoEncephaloGram) to measure the magnetic brain waves your child's brain creates as it works. We will present your child with sounds through earphones, with things to look at on a screen, or with taps on the fingers. We will learn a lot by seeing how your child's brain responds to these kinds of stimulations.
An MEG is a safe, non-invasive method used to measure brain waves. It does not emit any magnetic fields, it only measures them.
EEG Study
An EEG (ElectroEncephaloGram) helps us learn about how your child's brain works by measuring the tiny electrical signals that come through the scalp to the outside of the head. EEG is safe and very commonly used in small children and even newborn babies. We use an EEG net because it is easy to put on. This makes it more comfortable, greatly reduces the time we need to to place the electrodes and enhances localization of brainwave activity.
During the EEG, your child will watch a muted video, and then look at other things on a computer screen, such as light flashes and images. Your child will also hear various sounds from speakers. While this is going on, your child needs to sit still as much as possible. We will ask them to be still if they are old enough to understand and able to try to cooperate. If they are small they can sit in the parent's lap.
Biomarker Study
TRANSCEND is starting a biomarker program to measure metabolic and immune markers in blood and urine, in order to learn about the relationship between body changes and the brain changes we are studying. Participants in some of our brain studies will have the opportunity to contribute to this innovative and integrative line of research.
Martha Herbert, MD, PhD: Selected Publications
TRANSCEND Research Lab
Building 149, Charlestown Navy Yard
Mailing Address
Martha R. Herbert, PhD, MD Massachusetts General Hospital TRANSCEND Research Program MGH-CMA-Martinos Center 149 13th Street, Room 10.018 Charlestown, MA 02129
Research Studies
Research Study Intake Coordinator617-966-9766E-mail: email@example.com
Patient Appointments & Clinical Office
Lurie Center for AutismMass General Hospital for Children1 Maguire RoadLexington, MA 02142
Phone: 781-860-1700Fax: 781-860-1766
Web Site:Lurie Center for Autism
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Untangle Not a Tangle At All
One of the best uses for Linux is special-purpose, tightly managed distributions for a single purpose, and Untangle has created one of the most impressive applications of this principle. The Untangle Gateway bundles together a list of applications that even seasoned sysadmins couldn't install and effectively manage in a timely manner. We've been playing with the Untangle Network Gateway for a few months, and we must say: "well done."
As the official name indicates, The Open Source Network Gateway, is open source. As with most commercial open source offerings, you must buy the Professional Package to get some features, but surprisingly few. All of the core functionality is included in the OSS version; enterprise management goodies augment the product for the Professional Package offering.
The excellent list of bundled software (features) includes:
- Web Filter and Phishing Blocker
- Spam/Virus Blocking
- OpenVPN
- Firewall/Router
- Reporting
The interesting thing about the Untangle Gateway is that it doesn't require anything but itself. Let's say you'd like to implement spam filtering. This generally involves installing and maintaining many applications on every mail server. The Untangle Gateway sits at your border and transparently scans incoming e-mail for spam, intervening as it's configured to. Most of Untangle's applications work this way, and since Untangle is routing all your traffic, it can pull off some neat tricks.
E-mail, for example, is scanned by SpamAssassin, which includes the use of real-time blacklists. Spam may be marked as such by modifying the subject line, and it can also be returned, dropped, or even quarantined based on specific thresholds. SpamAssassin itself is very powerful, but running it effectively requires specific technical knowledge. Untangle, ahem, untangles the mess people often find themselves in when configuring such software.
Web filtering, phish blocking, and virus scanning are all similar. ClamAV is used to detect viruses (via user downloads or e-mail) and phishing e-mails, while the Web filters rely on URL blocklists of known-evil sites. Again, Untangle is uniquely poised to protect more than just e-mail: it can be configured to scan all HTTP traffic for malicious downloads.
On the networking front, Untangle provides an excellent GUI configuration tool for IPtables. You don't really know you're messing with firewall rules, as the configuration tool (in Basic mode) presents you with intuitive and easy-to-use settings. If you deem P2P bad for your company, you can simply tell Untangle to disallow it. Protocol Control, as it's called, uses L7-Filter Netfilters to classify network traffic; very effectively, we might add. Untangle also uses Snort for IPS with a nice configuration frontend.
Untangle is not just a well-done bundled Linux distro, however: there's plenty of proprietary technology in there. Most importantly, the DoS Attack Blocker. Untangle has created a system for classifying network traffic, and subsequently blocking evildoers. It can sanitize network traffic and filter well-known attacks, as well as keep track of who sent them. After a certain threshold is reached, an attacker is denied further access to the network. It doesn't really stop a DoS as advertised, since a UDP flood could saturate one's Internet link regardless of how fast Untangle discards packets, but that's just being nitpicky. One thing we'd really like to see is a more fully-integrated solution based around this reputation-based system. The network attack blocker would ideally take input from other components, especially the spam filters, and automatically deny access to anyone that repeatedly sends spam. The URL and spam blacklists just don't update as quickly as the gateway itself could react.
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- 1. Features
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subset: commoncrawl


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A Venue for All Events
The 25-acre property along the banks of the Potomac River includes landscaped lawns and gardens for your guests to explore, and indoor meeting spaces enhanced by these landscapes to create a very special environment. Situated just off of George Washington Parkway, River Farm is easily accessible from the metro-DC area with choice area accommodations conveniently located nearby.
Take a moment to read through the rental information and view the photos below. When you are ready to schedule a tour call (703) 768-5700 ext. 114 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Door leaf Marti with Black Glass
Color: Oak pearly
Cover : Ecoveneer
Ecoveneer is a high-tech decor made by CPL technology (abb., "Continious Pressure Laminates"). The main raw material for it is the smallest wood particles (waste wood production), connected by a silicone binder under pressure. The material is painted in the initial stages of production, before mixing. Therefore, all coatings in one decor are monochrome, which excludes the differences between same door leaves.
Ecoveneer coating TM "New Style" is produced in Europe and meets the national standards of Germany for chemical safety and ecology DIN EN 68861-1c and DIN EN 71-3, as well as the chemical safety certificate for coatings for children's furniture IOS-MAT-0066.
Advantages of Ecoveneer TM "New Style":
- Detailed imitation of natural veneer at a more affordable price. The difference cannot be determined not only on the first sight, but also on touch.
- Increased resistance to water and steam for at least 24 hours. It can safely be subjected to wet cleaning and installed in the bathroom.
- Certified in accordance with international environmental and safety standards.
- Same colors for one type of decor.


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Abstract: Belted Ladies and Dagger Men: Technology Brings European Iron Age Back to Life
It is a little known fact that archaeologists spend three to five years on analysis, conservation and write-up for every year of fieldwork. Public perception tends to view this follow-up activity as less exciting than the fieldwork itself. Nothing could be further from the truth. Thanks to new technology, many elements of dress and ornament can be reconstructed. The human body in many prehistoric societies was a kind of walking billboard. You could tell whether someone was male, female, a child, was married, occupied a certain role in society and much more from what they were wearing. Iron Age Celtic populations in central Europe are described by Greek and Roman authors as being especially fond of flashy ornament and brightly striped and checked fabrics. Unfortunately, until recently archaeological confirmation of this claim was hard to come by because the evidence consists mainly of perishable material like cloth or leather. The "Landscape of Ancestors" excavation project focuses on mound burials of the early Iron Age in an area of southwest Germany known as Swabia. Two burial mounds containing 23 burials included six women wearing elaborate bronze decorated leather belts and head ornament and three men with daggers, swords and spears. Material that was too fragile to be excavated was removed encased in plaster and subjected to CT-scans, resulting in some of the first images ever seen of some astonishingly complex decorations on these belt ensembles. Since fieldwork ended in 2002, conservation of finds and costume reconstruction has been the main focus of the project. A major museum exhibit opening in Stuttgart in 2012 on the Celts in Baden-Württemberg will feature one of our Iron Age belted ladies and one of our warriors in all their finery, a demonstration of how technology really can bring even the very ancient dead back to life.
Short bibliography and/or website on lecture topic:
Bettina Arnold (forthcoming) The embodiment of social structure: dress and identity in early Iron Age Europe. In Dusan Boric and John Robb (eds) Body Histories. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
AIA Tours


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The great irony in reviewing Iceage's latest album is these Danish nihilists don't care what anyone thinks about them. You are either with them or you are against them. Whatever the case, You're Nothing.
After making international waves in 2011 with their irrepressibly furious debut New Brigade, this four piece have ploughed blithely on towards oblivion. Where once they fearlessly cavorted between silence and post-punk extremity, their focus is now on pure and visceral noise. 'Ecstasy' is the template for You're Nothing: a cataclysmic meld of everything all at once, its chaos both exhilarating and exhausting.
If you expected any concessions to conformity from Iceage's second record, then you will be proved sorely mistaken. Given only 500 copies of New Brigade were printed before demand skyrocketed, frontman Elias Bender Rønnenfelt and his comrades are scarcely inclined to alter their creative instincts. Their affection for fascist imagery and flick knives seems to have dissipated but more than enough obstinance remains.
You're Nothing is a provocatively loud album which barely pauses for breath. When it does, the ambient hum of 'Interlude' lasts a full minute and 44 seconds before leading into 'Burning Hand'. This clattering juggernaut of intense savagery ends in Rønnenfelt screaming, "Do you hear me? Do you hear me?" It's impossible not to.
Anyone who's half-familiar with Black Flag or Minor Threat won't find this schtick particularly new. In many ways it's a regression from the taut dissonance of New Brigade. Only 'Morals' and 'Rodfæstet' stand out as noticeably different. The former judders along to a bleak piano-lead tune, while the latter is sung purely in Danish. Hardly revolutionary stuff, especially since Iceage have toured extensively with the genre-bending Fucked Up.
Despite its abrasiveness, You're Nothing is resolutely conservative in its insular aim of pleasing the only audience that matters: Iceage themselves. Of course, they don't care what you think about their latest album. Once the rabid whirlwind of hype subsides, you have to wonder if they might do... just a little bit.
6Robert Leedham's Score
7User Score


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It's almost Halloween, which means it's time to break out our ironic re-cuts of famous horror films and make them seem different than they actually were! I enjoyed this recut by Film School Rejects, though, mostly because it doesn't just use happy images; it also uses some disturbing ones.
And hey, while we're here, let's watch the king of goofy recuts, the Shining one. Heh. I used to really dislike Kubrick's The Shining (I was always partial to King's novel), but I've softened on it. It's a pretty cool horror flick.
Got any good horror movie plans for this weekend? Have you seen The Exorcist lately, and do you agree that it is definitely one of the scariest movies ever made? And more broadly, hey, let's do it: What's your favorite horror movie?
Feel free to discuss freaky stuff, Halloween, or whatever else, here or over in the Talk Amongst Yourselves forum. Have good chatting, and please: I need a young priest and an old priest. Can someone help me out with that?
(Via Laughing Squid)


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Jose Perez's visit to his homeland this holiday season will carry extra meaning.
Perez, a Lancaster resident, had planned to leave for Tabasco, Mexico, on Saturday night to provide assistance to people there affected by the massive flooding in late October and early November.
Heavy rains hit Tabasco and Chiapas, leading to the widespread flooding that has affected more than a million people.
Tabasco and Chiapas are two Mexican states in the southern part of the country.
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Displaying: 1 to 10 of 14 Meetings
The Neurocognitive and Psychosocial Impacts of Violence: A Workshop
Date: July 31, 2017 - August 1, 2017 (8:30 AM Eastern)
The Forum on Global Violence Prevention will hold a two-day public workshop on the science surrounding the impacts of exposure to violence and trauma on both neurocognitive and psychosocial outcomes with a strong focus on exposure in childhood, and other aspects such as refugee health and/or PTSD in returning combatants.
Effective Public Policy Solutions for Global Violence Prevention: A Workshop
Date: December 1, 2016 - December 2, 2016 (8:30 AM Eastern)
On December 1-2, 2016, the Forum on Global Violence Prevention will hold a two-day workshop to illuminate and explore the ways in which violence prevention practitioners can best share their findings and evidence-base with policymakers for the production of effective and impactful policy approaches to violence prevention. This will include an exploration of policymakers' goals and needs and the ways in which violence prevention experts can best communicate their findings to policymakers, as well as an exploration of lessons learned from around the world in this context. The workshop will explore crosscutting approaches to violence prevention and will cover multiple forms of violence across the life-course (such as child maltreatment and violence against children, violence against women, self-directed violence, interpersonal violence, youth violence, and the relationship between alcohol and violence, etc.).
Workshop to Support the Development of a United States Department of Labor Research Strategy on Child Labor and Forced Labor in International Settings
Date: October 18, 2016 (8:30 AM Eastern)
A 1-day public workshop will be held in Washington D.C. to explore the issues of child labor and forced labor in an international context. The International Labor Oto child labor, there is still much to learn about the relative importance of these various risk factors.
Identifying the Role of Violence Prevention in the Post-2015 Global Agenda
Date: May 12, 2016 - May 13, 2016 (8:30 AM Eastern)
The Role of Violence Prevention in the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals
Addressing the Social and Cultural Norms that Underlie the Acceptance of Violence: A Workshop
Date: October 29, 2015 - October 30, 2015 (9:00 AM Eastern)
The Forum on Global Violence Prevention will host its 10th workshop on October 29-30, 2015 exploring the social and cultural norms that underlie the acceptance of violence.
Means of Violence - A Workshop
Date: December 18, 2014 - December 19, 2014 (8:30 AM Eastern)
The Institute of Medicine will convene a 2-day workshop to explore the means or methods used to commit certain types of violence that result in life-threatening events or death.
Workshop on Preventing Intimate Partner Violence in Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania
Date: August 11, 2014 - August 12, 2014 (2:00 AM Eastern)
This 2-day workshop will focus on intimate partner violence (IPV) in Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania and will address the intersection with HIV/AIDS, the role of power dynamics within relationships, social perceptions within communities, and societal level policies and implications.
Mental Health and Violence: Opportunities for Prevention and Early Intervention - A Workshop
Date: February 26, 2014 - February 27, 2014 (9:00 AM Eastern)
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) will convene a 2-day workshop to explore the relationship between mental health and violence, and the opportunities for prevention and early intervention.
Elder Abuse and its Prevention - A Workshop
Date: April 17, 2013 - April 18, 2013 (8:00 AM Eastern)
Violence and related forms of abuse against elders is a global public health and human rights problem with far-reaching consequences. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) will convene a 2-day workshop to on global elder abuse and its prevention.
Evidence for Violence Prevention Across the Lifespan and Around the World-A Workshop
Date: January 23, 2013 - January 24, 2013 (8:00 AM Eastern)
Evidence-based approaches reveal that violence is a challenging, yet preventable global phenomenon. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) will convene a 2-day workshop to explore evidence for violence prevention across the lifespan and throughout the world.


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Keep me informed as to CALLAGHAN Family online & offline events
Infant Bodysuit
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My Grandfathers family lived in the Glen of Aherlo in Tipperary before migrating to Australia.
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When Dr. Bruce Ascough pulls up to a Red Cross hospital in Mexico, there usually are dozens of people with deformities and other ailments lined up to see him and other doctors, hoping they can change their lives for the better and emerge from a life of being treated like outcasts.
Ascough, a plastic surgeon at Verdugo Hills Hospital, has been going to Mexico for nearly 30 years, three times a year, volunteering to help repair cleft palates, cleft lips and other deformities in children and adults.
Working through Interface, a large medical volunteer team, Ascough and other doctors perform 60 to 80 surgeries over two days.
And his work truly changes lives.
He recalled one heart-warming moment following a surgery on a woman in her early 20s who had a cleft lip.
"The nurses gave her her first tube of lipstick in the recovery room," he said.
While almost all parents of children born with deformities in Mexico stand by them unwaveringly, Ascough did treat a young boy whose mother abandoned him when she saw his cleft palate.
His father, a field worker, would carry his infant son in a papoose across his chest while he worked, and fed him with an eyedropper.
When the boy was about 4 years old, he and his father traveled about 10 hours by bus to see Ascough and his team for a surgery that would allow the boy to speak properly and smile with confidence.
Children with cleft palates cannot pronounce "K" or some "G" sounds because the roof of their mouth never closed while developing inside their mother's womb, so it opens up into the nasal cavity, Ascough said. People with cleft lips cannot make "B" or "P" sounds, he added.
Ascough also helps children with other deformities, such as a 5-year-old girl whose left hand was about a third the size of her right one, its fingers webbed together.
"We went ahead and separated her fingers," Ascough said. "We thought she'd like to wear a ring some day."
The team of doctors, nurses and anesthesiologists are somewhat like nomads in that as they travel back and forth to Red Cross hospitals, they must bring everything with them — from gloves to surgical equipment. Dentists, speech pathologists and a psychologist also join the group.
Ascough recalled when he first joined the group in the mid-1980s, the Red Cross hospital where he worked had no air conditioning, just fans by open windows.
"The bugs could fly in and buzz around while we operated," he recalled.
Ascough said it's rewarding to help those in need and he likes using skills he learned many years ago.
During his medical training, Ascough learned how to operate on cleft palates and lips. However, doctors rarely see those medical conditions at regular hospitals because most kids are taken to children's hospitals for cleft palate and lip operations.
"It gives me a chance to use what I've been trained to do," he said.
Even adults have benefited from Ascough's work. He once repaired a cleft lip on a man who was about 50 years old.
"When we returned, he'd gotten married," Ascough said.
Follow Mark Kellam on Twitter


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Day 2 draft thoughts..
The 2012 NHL Entry draft is complete. What have the Oilers got to show for it?
Here's the rundown of the Edmonton Oilers' picks on Day 2 of the 2012 NHL Entry Draft.
Round 2
In the 2nd round, the Oilers selected Mitch Moroz, a left winger for the Edmonton Oil Kings of the WHL. I had the pleasure of watching a good handful of Oil Kings games this year, and got to see a bit of Moroz. I will say that there wasn't a lot that stood out to me, but the Oilers brass were pretty keen on him. One of the media mentioned on Twitter that the Oilers felt that he would not have been available for them to pick in the 3rd round. They really wanted to nab him, especially after seeing fellow Oil King Henrik Samuelsson go in the 1st round. TSN had him ranked at 56th overall (i.e. late 2nd round), so you'd have to think that the Oilers were right.. Moroz probably wouldn't have been there for their 3rd round selection.
Moroz is a BIG kid (6'2″, 208 lbs). He actually looked like Continue reading 'Day 2 draft thoughts..'»


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With tech companies the scapegoat for rising real-estate prices and blamed for the growing cost of living in San Francisco, company shuttle buses that sweep through the city have become the symbol of a new class warfare.
In an interesting twist, one of the leading proponents of the company shuttle, Google /quotes/zigman/93888/delayed /quotes/nls/goog GOOG , is now offering yet another transport option. Google, one of the earliest to offer employees free bus rides — in its case to the "GooglePlex" in Mountain View, Calif. — is now adding a twice-daily ferry service from San Francisco to Redwood City, Calif., for workers who need to be able to guarantee arrival times at the office.
After landing at the port of Redwood City, employees get on a shuttle bus to Mountain View. The trip from San Francisco to Google headquarters takes about 90 minutes, each way, but at least the 67-minute ferry-boat ride won't be affected by traffic and can help employees be assured of being on time for scheduled meetings. The ferry service experiment, for which Google engaged a a catamaran operation, started Monday. Capacity is 149 passengers.
"We certainly don't want to inconvenience S.F. residents and are testing alternatives to get Googlers to work," a Google spokesman said in a statement.
Last month, protesters attracted attention to the plight of longtime San Franciscans who are being increasingly displaced as landlords capitalize on the sky-high prices being paid by tech-sector employees for apartments in a city with limited supply. Even though the protest was marred by the appearance of a fake Google employee with effecting obnoxious attitude, the protesters succeeded in drawing focus to one point they were making.
The tech companies weren't paying San Francisco Municipal Transportation anything to use its bus stops. Last week, the city announced a pilot program in which companies including Google, Apple /quotes/zigman/68270/delayed /quotes/nls/aapl AAPL , Genentech /quotes/zigman/7129906/delayed /quotes/nls/gne GNE and Facebook /quotes/zigman/9962609/delayed /quotes/nls/fb FB are to pay a daily fee to use 200 of the Muni bus stops.
The deal won't result in a windfall for cash-strapped Muni. Because of a 1996 state proposition, the city can't charge fees that go "beyond the cost to provide such a service or policy." The companies will pay $1 per day per bus stop used.
— Therese Poletti
— Follow @tpoletti on Twitter


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Reviewed By Kristofer K (Boston, MA) Reviewed for a 2005 GMC Envoy —2/8/2008 6:22 AM
The grill looks great and was easy to install. Once you learn how to detach the stock grill by popping the clips holding it in place. Start from one side of the stock grill releasing he clips then pull up from the bottom to release the two bottom attachments. I just used the clips that came with the new grill to hold it in place. I didn't need to use the screws that came with the new grill.


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Play Baby Hazel Games!
Puzzles » Strategy & RPG » Latest Games
Strategy & RPG, Create your own fantasy character for these incredible mythic stories! Sometimes other action adventure games will give you a nasty, brutish character to control. That's why at GirlGames, we give you the chance to make your own character in our role-playing games. Adopt a winning strategy for every occasion and play to succeed in all of our exciting adventure and strategy games. All of the characters are special here because they were made by you, for you!
Welcome to Girl Games, the largest free game site made just for girl gamers! This is the place to play free Puzzles games in popular categories such as Searching games, Word games, Quiz games, Drawing games, Misc Puzzles games, Matching games, Quest games, Mahjong games, Chain Reaction games, Strategy & RPG games, Memory games, Board games, Jigsaw games, Cards games and much more!
You'll always find the cool games at Girl Games, we have all the best games from game developers like i-dressup, girlsgogames and cartoon doll emporium so you will never get bored! This month we have some amazing games like Dream Fields , Papa's Pancakeria and Yoopy Room Escape. New games are added every Thursday, so check back for all the latest free games online!
Check out these other great sites:
By continuing past this page, and by your continued use of this site, you agree to be bound by and abide by the Terms of Service and our Privacy Policy.
Copyright ©2012 MindJolt Inc.


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Gloucester City is located in Camden County, New Jersey and is 2.8 squares miles in area. The City is home to over 11,400 residents and is located in the 1st Congressional District and is part of the 5th Legislative District of New Jersey.
Gloucester City was first settled in 1623 by the Dutch and was original named Fort Nassau.
The City is centrally located next to the Walt Whitman Bridge which permits Interstate 76 through the northern end, also Route 130 extends through the eastern side and the western edge travels along the Delaware River Waterfront. The southern end of the City has access to several highways such as Route 295, Route 47 and Route 45 via two circles interchanges in neighboring Brooklawn. The municipality borders Brooklawn, Bellmawr, Camden, Haddon Township and Mount Ephraim in addition to bordering Gloucester County.


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Si o Vello Sinbad Volvese a Illas
Si o Vello Sinbad Volvese a Illas or "If the old Sinbad returned to the islands" was written by Alvaro Cunqueiro and it is a narrative novel written in Galician language. It was published in 1961 by Galaxy. This work … Continue reading
Posted in History Tagged Alvaro Cunqueiro, Antonio Doba, Arabic, Galaxy, Galicia, Galician book, Galician language, Galician Literature, Galician poet, Galician translator, Galician writer, Galician. Portueguese book, garden of literature, history, If the old Sinbad returned to the islands, Italian, literary works, literature, movie, narrative novel, Netherlands, plaza of letters, praza das letras., Prazadasletras, Quico Cadaval, Si o Vello Sinbad Volvese a Illas, Sinbad, Spain, Spanish, Spanish adaptations, Spanish to Galician literature writer, theater presentation, When he Viejo Sinbad Vuelva the Islas, writers Leave a comment


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Frequently Asked Questions
What is a Birds of a Feather event (BOF)? A Birds of a Feather event is an attendee-organized meeting for individuals with shared interests, goals, technologies, environments, and backgrounds. It provides a casual atmosphere for people to meet, exchange ideas, and share information on a wide variety of topics.
What are the criteria for a Birds of a Feather event? Birds of a Feather events must be free of charge, related to computer graphics or interactive techniques, open to all SIGGRAPH 2008 attendees, and non-commercial in nature (topics specific to one commercial product or company are discouraged). All Birds of a Feather requests will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to make sure they conform to the spirit of a Birds of a Feather.
What space is available? SIGGRAPH 2008 has made arrangements with its hotels and the Los Angeles Convention Center to provide meeting space to approved Birds of a Feather events on a first-come, first-served basis. A list of available venues is included on the Birds of a Feather Meeting Space Request form.
Is there a room rental fee associated with organizing a Birds of a Feather event? Space in the convention center is complimentary, but limited. Some hotels may charge a rental fee for space. SIGGRAPH 2008 Conference Management will tell you if there is a fee prior to confirming your space request.
How do I request space for a Birds of a Feather event? Simply submit a Birds of a Feather Meeting Space Request no later than 18 July 2008. Mandatory fields are clearly marked for your convenience. Please make sure all the information on your form is accurate and up to date. Clarifications may delay processing of your request.
Will I receive a confirmation? After you complete the online form, you will receive an email acknowledgement for receipt of your form. If your request is accepted, you will receive email confirmation within two weeks. Assignments will be made based on the date and time order in which correctly completed forms are received. Your confirmation will include the location and contact information for set up, food and beverage, and audio/visual needs. Payment for any extra services (for example, food and beverage, audio/visual, etc.) is the responsibility of the Birds of a Feather organizer and is not covered by SIGGRAPH 2008. Please do not contact the hotels or convention center prior to receiving official confirmation from SIGGRAPH 2008 Conference Management. All venues have been instructed that Conference Management must first approve all requests.
What if I want to organize more than one Birds of a Feather? No problem. But you must fill out a separate online request form for each event.
Will information about my Birds of a Feather event be published anywhere?
Information about your Birds of a Feather event may be published in the Program and Buyer's Guide, on a hotel reader announcement board, in the Conference Locator, on the kiosk at the Los Angeles Convention Center, and/or on the SIGGRAPH 2008 web site at your request. Make your choices on the Meeting Space Request form and observe applicable deadlines. No changes will be accepted after the deadlines have passed.
Birds of a Feather Meeting Space Request forms must be received by:
13 June to be published in the Program & Buyer's Guide.
13 June to be published in the Conference Locator.
10 July to be published on a hotel reader announcement board.
10 July to be published on the kiosk in the Los Angeles Convention Center.
18 July to be published on the SIGGRAPH 2008 web site.
What are the ASCAP/BMI licensing fees mentioned on the Birds of a Feather Meeting Space Request? ASCAP and BMI are membership associations of US composers, songwriters, and publishers of every kind of music. Whenever music (recorded or live) is played at an event, a license must be purchased from these associations. The license purchase is the responsibility of the organizer and not the venue where the event is to be held.
Is there a time restriction on a Birds of a Feather session? Birds a Feather sessions can be no longer than three hours including set up and teardown. Organizers of longer events, or those who submit multiple requests for the same day for more than three hours should consider becoming a co-located conference.
I am an exhibitor requesting meeting space. Should I use the Birds of a Feather form? No. As an exhibitor, you are required to complete an exhibitor meeting space form provided by Exhibition Management.
Other Questions? Please send them to SIGGRAPH 2008 Birds of a Feather.


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This Frank Solich GHB/DUI story? Honestly, it's a gift that keeps on giving.
Local newspaper The Athens News did a little research on Solich's claim that he was dosed with GHB, and apparently toxicologists don't buy Solich's story.
"It is absolutely not possible to find such an amount of GHB in hair after a single exposure (nor chronic exposure)," wrote Dr. Pascal Kintz by e-mail. "Something is wrong."
What's the implication here? Another toxicologists writes "the lab finding is suggestive of external contamination as a result of physical application. Although, I can't be absolutely sure that the test was conducted properly with washing prior to the test, or if the coach doped his own hair." That's right: Scientists suspect that Solich might have doped himself.
Ohio. Seriously.
Scientists Cast Doubt On Coach's Hair Samples [Athens News]
Do Not Give Frank Solich, The Date Rape Drug [Deadspin]
(So it's clear, this is not video of Solich's arrest. Pity.)


text: Treat your feet to UGG slippers for the ultimate in cozy downtime dressing. The famous suede and shearling combination is reworked in neat moccasins and slippers in the original chestnut, sand and brown hues or wow brights. The luxe shearling lining features on flip-flops and cable-knit slip-ons too 'the perfect indulgent gift.


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williamgibbs needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 83 designs submitted by 33 freelance designers.
Assist At Home Senior Care
This is for a senior care service which assists the aging elderly population stay at home as long as possible without having to enter an assisted living facility or nusing home.
It provides various services from assisting the elderly with everyday chores, to medication reminders, escorting them to doctors appointments, etc.
Senior market and family members of seniors are the primary people who will be marketed to.
Looking for something clean and professional. It needs to have a warm feeling, but not in such a way that it detracts from the professionalism of the company.
Color scheme is open to designer, as we do not have a preference on colors at this point.
Assist At Home will be the primary focus of the logo and the name, then Senior Services can be more of a tagline or smaller element of the logo.
I have attached a PDF of several homecare companies that provide this service so you can view various websites and see the styles of other logos of other companies in this profession as reference so you can better understand the service.
My favorite out of the ones listed on this sheet would be Home Instead and Homecare Assistance.
Please ask any questions you may have.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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As a leading and deeply respected scientist
I couldn't give two hoots about who thinks they own science or not.
Who owns science could be an interesting question: who should own science even more so. Sadly, the latest attempt at asking exactly these is less than interesting in its answers. The Manchester Manifesto (pdf) is a report from the Great and the Good over how we should change the intellectual property system so as to make it …
One thing that occurred to me when the whole software patents argument was at it's height a few years ago, was that what we really need is to create an entirely new middle ground innovation protection for software - and this could potentially go for other scientific work as well - that affords patent-like protections but for a relatively short time, so that from the time of first exploitation a soft-patented idea loses it's value after two years or so. That is plenty of time for a product utilising it to get to the market and make considerable profit but not long enough to have a stultifying effect on the rest of the market - in a fast moving industry a lot of software that was cutting edge a few years ago is either abandonware or has been open-sourced. An approach like this could offer vitality to the market and bring value to innovators without stifling everyone else indefinitely.
... the rest of the camel will soon follow: as soon as it is introduced large corrupt corporation will, ahem, persuade politicians to extend it to 5, 10, 25, 75 years. It's just the slow road to software patents (and I'd bet it wouldn't be that slow).
You certainly have a point.
Any legislation for software patents should be part of a *reduction* of patent lifespans.
The point of patents is to encourage innovation and invention by allowing the inventor/innovator to recoup the cost of research (and hopefully profit on the deal). Any revision to patent law for computer software has to be part of a wider patent reform that notes that computer simulations have drastically cut the cost of research and the time taken in research.
From this it follows that the exclusivity period should be equally cut.
This leads to a conclusion that will be uncomfortable for some:
"Proper" invention -- devices -- can be simulated easily, whereas the effects of drugs need lots of genuine physical trials. This means that medical research would need the current limit, and it's "proper invention" that would need reduced.
"The point of patents is to encourage innovation and invention by allowing the inventor/innovator to recoup the cost of research (and hopefully profit on the deal)."
This is the common myth about patents, and certainly, people with patents can profit on the exploitation of their discoveries, but from day one patents have been suboptimal (as has been documented with regard to the early industrial revolution, steam engine development, and so on). Now, centuries on, the amount of readily available knowledge is greater than ever, and the threshold lower than ever for combining such knowledge in order to produce new insights.
The problem with most discussions about the patent system is that they focus on fiddling with the details under the assumption that the system is a well implemented idea: raise this limit, lower this other one, perhaps the curves cross at the right place and value is created (or whatever the economists would say when trying to reduce the whole thing to a single dimension). But in fact, once people understand that government, governance, laws and regulations are not mere lubricants to a privately owned and run machine, it becomes possible to consider other approaches to funding basic research.
Perversely, advocates of overbearing "intellectual property" regimes need their regulations and laws even as they ridicule a government or public sector role in creating opportunities around knowledge accumulation and, as the economists might say, the "exploitation" of those opportunities.
You can't patent a particle, there is nobody even implying that. You can patent a method for manufacturing the particle though. I think patents are useful if they are properly targeted. These targets should be set by industry panels, then voted on by the public directly. Software patents should be short. Copyrights should not be nearly as long as they are now.
20 years max monopoly. If you can't make money on it by then, you were never going to make money. Any longer than that and you're preventing innovation. I'm not saying that should be the standard for anything, just that it's the max. Software patents should last like 5 years, copyright and other patents maybe 10. It's hard to think of a case where you would need longer to make some money on a useful innovation.
Into the insanity that whirls inside the mids of those much vaunted pseudo-science punters, economists.
We will get nowhere until we accept that any money-based system is fundamentally flawed. We need to look towards a time when money becomes obsolete. Only then can we become free. Free I tell you!! Mwahahaha
"Our problem is that such public goods are terribly hard to make money out of. If we can't stop someone else from using them how can we charge for them? And therein lies that problem: if we can't charge for the use then how do we raise the money to find out all this wonderful new knowledge?"
How short sighted does one have to be to not see that any kind of profit making is actually holding humanity back? For example, contrast our connected nature ( http://realityinfo.org/main.htm#Slide=10 ) with our antagonistic production system ( http://realityinfo.org/main.htm#Slide=20 )and you will realise that we are holding ourselves back by looking for a "way to make money" ( profit ) from any technological idea. And to be fair, that spreads to all commodities.
And I'd have thought that elReg would have been into logic too?
As it happens, not only have we and our ape antecendents been innovating for a very long time, so have our earlier antecendents over several million years (albeit implicitly).
That's two points :
1) innovation happens naturally through evolution, implicitly
2) there's plenty of research showing that apes and humans *both like to solve puzzles and innovate*. It's part of our natural urge.
Plenty of social systems have tried to suppress, and even halt innovation. They have failed due to this inbuilt urge and the enormous advantages innovation brings society.
One of the burning issues of our time, however, is whether or not over innovation (and particularly over capitalisation of innovation) is driving our society mad - by over consuming natural resources by using marketing to send our primitive urges to gain social status through possession into overdrive. I think there's something in that.
The conclusion is that there's nothing wrong with stepping away from the completely rampant innovation culture and economy which constantly spurs it on... it would be healthier for us all.. and in doing so, we will not STOP innovating because it remains part of our nature.
I'm with the AC @ 16:42 GMT, at least for the first four paragraphs. The best programmers program for the thrill, the glory, and the money - in that order. Ditto most of the scientists I've known. You don't need to pay us to innovate: just make sure we have a roof over our head and a well stocked wine cellar. That's why we only get 3% of the wealth. We don't need to be encouraged; but barriers discourage us.
"The sweet spot of such a system would be when the amount of new creation encouraged was greater than the derivative work banned: something which it is hard to argue the current system does when, say, Wodehouse's first novel, The Pothunters, released in 1902 will be in copyright until 2045. Patents with their 17 year life (and of course their extremely important corollary, the full release of methods at patent time) might be closer to what a desirable system would have."
The big differences between copyright and patents are that the latter affects entire *classes* of works when one person or organisation files for such a monopoly, and that anyone unfortunate enough to have developed such a work independently and without knowledge of the granting of such a monopoly can be punished for their honest efforts. It is arguable whether the man in the street "respects copyright" but he can surely understand what plagiarism is. In contrast, a patent claim and its effects would be baffling and cruel to anyone but the most blatant apologist for the patent system.
Fiddling with term limits ignores the fundamental injustice of patents, especially in fields such as software where advances occur frequently and ubiquitously as the wealth of existing knowledge is combined and enhanced.
US patents were revised about 10 years ago to follow the European norm of 20 year term from application. Previously the term was 17 years from grant which was occasionally abused by questionable filings being appealed and revised for years and decades until something was finally issued. And then they would demand royalties from the past, and for the next 17 years.
The "Software Patent" opposition totally miss the point in that there is not any difference between an invention implemented in software vs one implemented in hardware. Those opposed to software patents simply want to profit and clone the work of others right now rather than wait 20 years for the patent to expire and become public domain.
"Those opposed to software patents simply want to profit and clone the work of others right now rather than wait 20 years for the patent to expire and become public domain."
Nope. Those opposed to software patents don't want to have to license a zillion patents for stuff that is taught at universities, described in freely available literature, included in countless systems, and built using numerous freely usable and openly described concepts and mechanisms. Stuff that purely by applying the knowledge and expertise they have gained through learning and experience they will inadvertently reproduce, just through the proper practice of their discipline, without ever reading the vague, opportunistic text of a single patent claim.
Those in favour of software patents just want yet another discipline to plod along at a restrained pace while monopolists and the legal profession extract every last dollar from practitioners of the discipline, burdening those willing to tolerate operating an organisation under such a regime with obscene administrative and legal overheads that would effectively turn such an organisation into more of a client of the patent system than a participant in the realm of science, engineering and technology.
Both genuinely competitive proprietary software vendors *and* Free Software developers reject software patents and yet embrace copyright since it is the only fair instrument which protects developers from plagiarism and unfair exploitation of their work. Your suggestion that such parties don't respect genuine innovation is a despicable misrepresentation of their position - yet another untruth projected by the software patent lobby as it seeks to position itself as a solution to a problem that simply doesn't exist.
The authors of the Manifesto in page 1 claim "Science is a rapidly growing industry." This very sentence implies that in the present century it is very hard to draw clear cut lines between knowledge and know-how, pure science, applied science, technology, industry and economics. Therefore, the question "who owns science" is in fact at least 7 overlapping questions, and this is reflected in the reader's comments. Idealists are usually biased towards pure science 'for the advancement of knowledge', while liberals or neo-cons may view science as a more competitive endeavor, aiming at providing more jobs or better life conditions.
Unfortunately, "public goods" as defined by Mr Warstall are nowadays just byproducts and or "left-overs" of scientific activity (unless he had the iPhone in mind, created to effectively fight cancer). An innovation becomes a public good if and only if there is enough commercial incentive for companies/manufacturers to implement it in a massive scale. Evidence to this claim are for example the electric car, fission reactors, cheap vaccines and food for the third world: invented decades ago but still held back because the profits are not high enough.
Discriminating between inventions and innovations is rather irrelevant. The latest fashionable "inventions" seem to be focusing to the development of the Science and Industry of Fear (producing whatever is necessary for the establishment of a State of Fear). Yes, the issue now has become political and the Manchester "critical mass of research expertise" may be massive but not critical anymore. Reviewing this year's El Reg popular topics, one can easily see that technology is more and more focusing on orwellian or googlian themes. All indications seem to point to the same direction: "Science" (in all 7 flavours mentioned above) will in the end belong to either the State or the Monopolies. "Public goods" like clean water, electricity, health or communication are becoming either harder to purchase (filling the Money Banks) or being exchanged with precious personal information needed to fill the new banks, the Data Banks.
Yes, I'm paranoid and delusional when it comes to "Science" and Knowledge. For those that will compassionately advise me to "get a life", thanks, but I can't afford it any more. Big props to El Reg editors for the great articles like this one, managing to really strike a chord in me.
it has been mentioned above that any monetary system is flawed and for some types of work, for some people, they might do that work purely for the joy of it. Now my question is how many of the people who have really hard, physical, demanding jobs are going to do those jobs simply to provide a service?
I know some of these people will love their work and would continue to do that work, but many, perhaps the majority, would not. This would be the same for most occupations, I would guess, so then who does what? how do we decide?
Human nature I think; must have a need to do something, otherwise, I'll have some beers, oh, has anyone made any?


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On Friday of last week, I had the joy of visiting the Boston Shaker in Somerville, Mass., a semi-new store-within-a-store that specializes in bar- and glassware, cocktail makings (everything but the booze, that is), and other fun stuff. I had a fun visit with proprietor Adam Lantheaume, and enjoyed a cameo appearance by Fred Yarm, of Cocktail Virgin Slut. Here's a bit of a photo tour, for those who've never see the place. Forgive the blurriness of some of these photos. Also, if you're a regular viewer of my Flickr stream, forgive the fact that you've already seen all these damn pics.
Proud, happy proprietor Adam. Say, "Hi Adam!"
Lovely pewter julep cups, made by a company in Connecticut. Support almost-local business! I'm hoping to add a couple of these to my home bar fairly soon.
Sterling-silver cocktail picks. At nearly a Benjy a pair, these ain't coming home with me anytime soon.
Books 'n' more.
Bitters, and a lot of them.
Paraphernalia, muddlers, syrups, etc.