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Blood and the Circulatory System
Hello everyone, sorry for the delay in posting. My schedule has become tremendously hectic so my posts will be much less frequent. Regardless, I have been checking in on the statistics and I appreciate everyone who has continued to read, submit, and share this blog even as my posts have become less frequent. We are fast approaching 3000 views; I am hoping this post puts us over the top.
Today's question comes from Jim, who asks "I came across your blog online and I was curious: How does blood work? I know it does more than just carry oxygen and the stuff they list on my blood test, but I am not really sure how it all works beyond that."
Well Jim, this is an excellent question. Most people, I'd imagine, don't really have a very detailed understanding of what constitutes blood, what those things do, and how blood gets from place to place.
The individual cells that make up the functional parts of the blood fall into three classes, erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells of various types), and thrombocytes (platelets). These cells all originate in the bone marrow, from a common stem cell known as a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). These stem cells give rise to two classes of cells, myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells. Myeloid cells create, among other things, red blood cells, megakaryocyte (which breaks up into platelets), and a fair number of white blood cells. Lymphoid cells create a particular class of cells known as lymphocytes, which are our already familiar B cells and T cells (if you have not been reading and don't know what these are, view this search), and a new type of T cell we have yet to mention known as a natural killer (NK) cell.
Once all of these cells are made, they have to travel in a medium of some sort. If they didn't, they would be far too viscous to travel through even large blood vessels easily. This medium, as you might know, is known as plasma. What you might not know is that plasma is far more complex than just simply the watery substance that carries blood cells. Well balanced plasma is as essential as any other part of the blood.
There are a few essential characteristics of blood plasma that make it so important. Primary among these are the dissolved substances. Blood plasma carries a tremendous amount of things in it, from dissolved gasses to protein to hormones. Every piece is so incredibly important that four organs, the kidneys, lungs, pancreas, and liver, are devoted to maintaining this balance in every possible way.
One of the most important elements of what makes up blood plasma is protein concentration. Chief among these proteins is albumin, of egg white fame. Albumin is made in the liver and is the main protein we use to maintain what is known as oncotic pressure. Regulating this pressure maintains a proper fluid exchange between the blood and the tissues; too much albumin and fluid flows into the blood, too little and it flows into the tissues. People who have liver failure, for example, can suffer from severe generalized swelling as the liver is unable to make enough albumin and other proteins to maintain proper oncotic pressure. Albumin is also responsible for allowing some drugs to be able to travel in the blood by binding to them.
Another vital piece of the puzzle is blood pH, or level of acidity. Blood is maintained at a very narrow normal range between 7.35 and 7.45. Any severe disturbance of this range (above 7.45, known as alkalosis, or below 7.35, known as acidosis) can cause dramatic health issues, primarily due to altered or impaired enzyme activity among other physiological processes. The body regulates pH through a bicarbonate buffer system (buffers prevent rapid changes in pH), which has its roots in carbon dioxide. Without going into too much detail, increased carbon dioxide in the blood can shift the buffer balance and cause acidosis. People with acidosis, as with uncontrolled type one diabetics, have characteristic rapid, deep breathing as the body attempts to release more carbon dioxide and increase the pH. Likewise, alkalosis can cause a reduced breathing rate as the body tries to hold onto carbon dioxide.
And finally, there is a long list of substances within the blood that it carries around the body to maintain proper function. The following are a few of the major ones:
- Electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and so on circulate at carefully controlled levels. Even small variations to these levels can have dramatic effects on the body.
- As I mentioned before, gasses can also be dissolved directly in the blood. Importantly, most people think red blood cells are the only way oxygen is transported through the body. But, oxygen can also be directly dissolved in the blood.
- Lipoproteins, which are combinations of fat and protein, travel in the blood to bring essential elements such as cholesterol around the body. These are the elements that most people refer to as "cholesterol" on a blood test. In a future post, I will likely cover the different types of lipoproteins and their effect on health.
- Hormones: Probably the most familiar of these elements, have various sources and functions. Not important to have specifics unless you're curious. At this level, just know that the blood is their main method of travel.
Please note that this is a very basic picture of the blood. Blood is a very complex system, so complex even that there are entirely medical specialties devoted specifically to it. So I encourage you to use this as a basic primer for further, more detailed research.
Hope this helps! As always, feel free to submit questions. Thank you for reading!
Till next time,


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I've only been using the trial version of Pocomail for a couple of days now but I have already have been thoroughly impressed. Although a long time beloved user of Thunderbird, I find that Pocomail has much more useful features and options. I am especially impressed with the Focus Box and Contact Management, both highly useful, well implemented features. In fact overall, I find Pocomail to be very well thought out with a surprising amount of depth hidden behind a very clean, nice looking user interface.
After a very limited amount of use however, I would like to comment on a couple of quirks I've noticed and ask some questions. Please feel free to comment on any or all.
1. Standardized Date Format - there doesn't seem to be any sort of date standardization for both sent and received mail. Some dates are even blank for some reason as the image shows:
2. Integration of Anti-Virus - I use Nod32 which is not "integrated" with Pocomail like other clients such as Thunderbird. This is okay as you've provided command line options for which I can run the ecls scanner. Is there any future thoughts to providing seamless integration with Nod32?
3. When composing New Mail, the cursor disappears when you place it on the Subject box.
Licensing - Does purchasing a license entitle the user to future upgrades of Pocomail?
Thanks for listening and feel free to let me know your thoughts.
Windows 7 x64 user

subset: commoncrawl


text: CHICAGO (AP) Chicago Police Superintendent Garry McCarthy says shootings over the Fourth of July weekend that left at least nine people dead and more than 50 more injured included eight incidents that involved police.During a news conference Monday, McCarthy said investigations were continuing but that officers who fired their weapons all appeared to be justified. The shootings included those in which two teenagers were fatally shot and another in which police shot at a man who tried to run them over with a car.McCarthy says Chicago is still on pace to end the year with fewer homicides than last year. But he says the number of shooting incidents is up slightly over last year.


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A Washington mudslide has claimed at least eight fatalities.
An O'Hare Airport train derailment has injured at least 32 people.
Rest in peace, James Rebhorn.
Rest in peace, Oderus Urungus.
Japanese manhole covers are cool.
Do you want to build a snowman?
There was a police shooting in Los Lunas.
A man was rescued from Rio Grande quicksand.
Check out Albuquerque's future buses.
Happy birthday, Harry Houdini.


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Dear all.
I published a gallery of wide angle and some topside shots I took using the Olympus OMD EM5 (Nauticam housing).
Pictures are a mixed bag taken with the 8mm using the 4,33" Dome and 7-14mm using a 170mm Inon Dome with D&D 50mm MIL to Inon Adapter.
Comments or recommendations are welcome.
Kind regards.


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BBC News
- Sri Lanka attacks: British dad's tribute to 'amazing' family
- Brexit: Cross-party talks to resume
- Prince Louis: Catherine's pictures mark first birthday
- Lyra McKee killing: 'New IRA admits responsibility'
- Campaign to tackle 'botched' cosmetic procedures
- More than half of British firms 'report cyber-attacks in 2019'
- 'I feel refreshed': Brits embrace multiple careers
- Wigan hit-and-run: Murder arrest after mother dies
- New aircraft rises 'like a balloon'
- UK weather: Hottest Easter Monday on record
- Extinction Rebellion: Climate change protesters at Natural History Museum
- Marsden Moor fire 'started by barbecue'
- Thunberg: 'Climate fight will never stop'
- 'Dark kitchens': Are they the future of takeaways?
- Alopecia: I lost my hair aged one
- Deaf boy finds his voice after brain implant surgery
- How making bars of soap 'started my life again'
- Are plants a necessity or a luxury?
- Nottingham midwife saves best friend's life
- BBC News Channel
- Newspaper headlines: 'A nation broken' by bombings
- Extinction Rebellion: How might ministers win over the protesters?
- 'We're judged for being black'
- Autistic football fan on 'sensory overload' of match day
- Your next new car will try to stop you speeding
- Does your dinner come from a "dark kitchen"?
- Have the poorest councils had the biggest cuts?
- My lifelong obsession with 'resurrecting' classic cars
- Earth Day: How to be more eco-friendly in everyday life
- The breast cancer surgeon who got breast cancer
- 'New breed' of influencers changed the game
- An alternative way to capture childhood on your phone
- Why blend? Exploring the art and science of blending
- Military 'museum' in Suffolk man's shed includes 1,200 guns
- Millions using 123456 as password, security study finds
- Inside the school for bullied children
- Avengers Endgame: The Marvel Cinematic Universe explained
Below we are listing a number of UK job websites that have full-time and part-time job opportunities available in the SHIPBOURNE area.
Fish4 Jobs
JobSeekers (Direct.Gov.uk)
http://api.indeed.com/ads/apisearch?publisher=4773927896266615&q=&l=TN11 9PU&sort=&radius=5&st=&jt=&start=&limit=10&fromage=&filter=&latlong=1&co=gb&chnl=AVUK&userip=18.104.22.168&useragent=CCBot/2.0 (https://commoncrawl.org/faq/)&v=2
Jobs at IndeedWarning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in D:\Webvirtual\ANYWeb\www\Wordpress\wp-content\plugins\shortcode-exec-php\shortcode-exec-php-class.php(895) : eval()'d code on line 9
Looking for more jobs...
jobs by


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Kardinal Offishall (Feat. Akon) Behind The Scenes Video Shoot For "Dangerous"
Behind the scenes by Jordan Tower. CanadianKush.com coming out on July 18
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


text:
CPSC Announces Kolkraft Play Yard Recall
Following the death of a 10 month-old child, Kolkraft has issued a recall that involves twelve different models of their play yard system. Included in this recall are the Travelin' Tot (LTD, 3-in-1 and 4-in-1 as well), Carter's Lennon Travelin' Tot, "Sesame Beginnings" Traveling Play Yard, Jeep Sahara (SE, Limited, XT, Limited SE, Limited XT) Play Yard, and the Contours 3-in-1 Play Yard. Reports of children being injured while rolling over as well as strangulation from the changing table strap have been reported. Please refer to the link provided for more information on the products involved and the course of action if you own one of these products.


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Property Laws
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Your Legal Matter
- What is Property Law?
- What are the Applicable Laws in Relation to Property?
- Is Registration Compulsory while buying a property?
Property and resources govern the events of humanity. As per Montesquieu, 'one would forget sooner the murderer of his father than the man who robbed him of his property'. Hence, there are well defined statutes governing interactions involving properties. The major legislation in this regard is Transfer of Property Act. For the scope of this article; Partition, Will, Intangible Property, Succession, etc. shall not be discussed as they are covered under specialised statutes and/or recognised legal practises.
What is Property Law?
Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership and tenancy in real property (land as distinct from personal or movable possessions) and in personal property, within the common law legal system. In the civil law system, there is a division between movable and immovable property. Movable property roughly corresponds to personal property, while immovable property corresponds to real estate or real property, and the associated rights, and obligations thereon.
Laws applicable to Property related Matters?
- Transfer of Property Act, 1882
- Indian Easement Act, 1882
- Registration Act, 1908
- Stamp Act, 1988
- Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (at instances of land acquisition)
- Indian Contract Act, 1872
- Specific Relief Act, 1963 –Part II
What does Constitution of India Reveal about Property?
Initially, Right to Property was a fundamental right under the Constitution in the form of- Article 19(f) which spoke about the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property, subject to reasonable restrictions & Article 31 which, as originally enacted, said that no person shall be deprived of his property except by authority of law. Forty Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of India, deleted Article 19(1)(f) and Article 31[Article 300-A is now the provision regarding right to property]. The current position of the Supreme Court on interpretation on the right to property can be gleaned from one of the few direct judgements on property after the 44th Amendment, particularly the case of 'Jilubhai Nanbhai Khachar Etc. v. State of Gujrat And Anr. Etc.'. This case dealt with mines taken by the State under legislated laws from erstwhile revenue farmers and upheld the right of the State to do so under Article 300-A, not entertaining any discussion on adequacy of compensation. Among other things, it is unequivocally held that the right to property under Article 300-A is not a "basic feature or structure of the Constitution" and that the Legislature has power to acquire the property of private person exercising the power of eminent domain by a law for public purpose.
What are the Basic Principal of Property Law?
- Immovable property does not include standing timber, growing crops or grass as per Section 3 of the Act.
- Suresh Chand v. Kundan, 2001 – a portion of land with saplings in it was sold. The seller later argues that the objection was to sell land without trees, and asked for a type of compensation for the extra gain which the other party is getting. Court held that in absence of any express/implied intention in the agreement, it would be taken that the land along with saplings standing on the land which subsequently grown into trees were sold.
- At instances of conflict between Muslim Law & Transfer of Property Act, it is the Muslim Law which shall have prominence.
- Future properties cannot be transferred, for example, Spes Successionis is a void transfer
- K. Muniswamy v. K. Venkataswamy – on grounds of sound public policy, total restraint on the right of alienation in respect of immovable property which prevents free circulation is to be held void.
- Section 108 of the TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT, 1882 enumerates the rights & liabilities of lessor & lessee.
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text:
North Carolina's T.J. Thorpe is a finalist for a new college football award named after Nebraska Heisman Trophy winner Johnny "The Jet" Rodgers. The award will be given to the nation's top return specialist.
Rodgers won the Heisman in 1972 and is regarded as one of the top punt and kick returners in college football history.
The winner for the 2011 award will be selected by Rodgers and announced Thursday. He said national media members will be enlisted to select future winners.
Joining Thorpe as 2011 finalists are Arkansas' Joe Adams, Texas A&M's Dustin Harris and Louisiana State's Tyrann Mathieu.


text:
Interesting to see someone talking about all the research Google is spending money on, which aren't directly related to their core business. The piece is a bit of a complaint, and it's a valid one for shareholders.
Personally I like what Google is doing. They're experimenting, they're trying to see if there are things that might work. Things that might impact their business. Or perhaps, give them a new business to get into.
I hate that Google is getting so concerned about money in many ways. To me, that's a sign they are losing their way a bit, focusing more on the money of their business, than the money. I like seeing them doing things other than just making money. To me, once a company gets too caught up in their stock price, and what it is doing, they start to go downhill.
However they can go too far, and waste too much money. It's good that people are keeping an eye on them. Reign in things that are wasting too much money, or going on without producing anything, but let them do some research.


text:
Reviewed by Kasi S. (age 10)
I have never read a book like this one before. I like this book because of the many things that happen. His dad helped the family by making money. My favorite character was the dad because in the beginning he took a chance to help the family. I liked it when Tony?s girlfriend started to kiss one of his friends; when his family moved; and when he did other things with his friends.
I recommend this book because it is good because of all the things that happen. I also recommend this book to people who like a basketball, mysteries, and who likes to read Judy Blume books.


text:
Buccaneers linebacker Quincy Black had surgery to repair nerve damage in his left shoulder last month, an operation he needed after suffering a scary-looking injury while hitting Chargers running back Ryan Mathews during a November game.
Black missed the rest of the season and General Manager Mark Dominik said before the surgery that Black was still in the early stages of his recovery. Dominik took up the issue of Black's status again on Thursday and he didn't have much more to report this time. Black's surgery was said to go well, but the team still doesn't have any idea about what that means for Black's chances of resuming his football career.
"You generally like to walk out of any surgery and say that it was a successful surgery, but the reality is, that because of the nerve damage and the nerve grafting and everything, you won't know if it's successful or not for several months," Dominik said, via Roy Cummings of the Tampa Tribune. "It's a tough injury and a unique injury and, at the same point, it's hard for us to have any timetable or feel for it."
That raises the possibility that the Bucs will be saying goodbye to Black soon. He's due $5.5 million in 2013 and that's a lot of money to set aside for someone who might not even be able to play next season or ever again.


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Luxola.com – My Online Shopping Experience & Haul Unless you've been living under a rock, you'd know about the most talked about online shopping destination for International Makeup brands. Yes, you are right. I am talking about Luxola! They have recently started shipping to India and I am so excited to share my haul & shopping experience with you guys!Read More »
Home / Tag Archives: Best Brands On Luxola


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Our Story
Both Jane and Jenny are active moms, devoted wives, and very, very busy. Jane was frazzled over trying to pull off dinner for the family week after week. Her meal plans were scribbled on napkins and lost in her purse. So she went to work creating a better way to make meals happen. Along the way, Jane recruited Jenny, who is not only a fabulous cook, but also happens to be her sister.
Working with a talented team of professional meal planners, experienced home cooks and technical gurus, they developed eMeals to feed their families and preserve their sanity. Hundreds of thousands of relationships later, Jane and Jenny built a way to make moms' lives easier — and to bring families together at mealtime.


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3/4-Ton up to 2-Ton Reversing Valve Solenoid Operated R22, R502 Refrigerant Suction: 5/8" Discharge:
Code: RVV12683
Price: $206.78
Quantity in Basket: None
3/4-Ton up to 2-Ton Reversing Valve Solenoid Operated R22, R502 Refrigerant Suction: 5/8" Discharge: 3/8"
Designed for unitary split systems and heat pump package units.
Instantaneous reversing.
Brass body construction with copper tubes
Operates on pressure differential high and low sides of refrigerant systems.
,br> The way the reversing valve works is the solenoid valve opens pressure ports to operate a nylon slider in the cylinder. This sleeve can jam or bind half way (called "wind milling") and will over heat the compressor in a few minutes.
Once this happens there is little chance that the valve will work again. If the valve is over heated when being installed it will be worthless.
If the system is very contaminated after a Burn Out it may stop the valve form working but there is the possibility of getting it to work again after several cycles.
It is possible for the valve to stick in the cooling mode but it is more likely to stick in the heat mode.
Suction Diameter 5/8 Inch,
Discharge Diameter: 3/8 inch.
R 22 Capacity 0.75 to 2.0 Tons,
R 502 Capacity 0.75 to 1.6 Tons
4 Way, Coil Operated, Slide Type
Solenoid Included: NO
Reversing Valve Coils Optional per voltage:
Order Reversing Valve Solenoid Coil per operating Voltage:
Order 24 Volt Coils Part # RVVC32672
Order 120 Volts Coil Part # RVVC32673
Order 208/240 Volts Coil Part # RVVC32674
Replaces Part Numbers: V2-179, V2150, CARB14267.
Used in Equipment Models:


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Recursion: Solving problems the recursive way
In this article, I will introduce the concept of recursion, one of the most amazing programming constructs, as you will see. Recursion is quite counter-intuitive, and you will certainly find it weird at first, but once grasped, it becomes a seriously powerful weapon in your programming arsenal. Let's start with the definition.
What is Recursion?
Recursion is a totally different method of solving problems. Conventional problem solving methods consists of decomposing the solution into steps, and executing each step in turn. Well…enter recursion. The recursive way of solving a problem is to reduce the problem into another problem that is exactly of the same type, and solving the new one instead. And how do you solve the new one? Guess what? You just reduce it into another problem of exactly the same type, and so on, and so on, and so on…
Ok, before it gets too weird, let's see an example of a real-life problem, and how we can use recursion to solve it.
Real Life Example
Let's assume you have moved to a new apartment. You are exploring the neighborhood, and you suddenly discover that you don't know your house number. You looked at the building, didn't find a number there. You knocked on a random apartment, and asked, "what is the number of this building," and the guy who opened the door smiled and said, "I don't know the number of this building, but if you look at the number of the building next to us and add 1, you will know our building number."
Now, let's pause for a moment. The problem you are trying to solve is "knowing the number of your house." Let's look at the proposed solution to this problem. What was the suggestion? You were asked to look at the number of the building next to you and add 1. Your problem was thus reduced into a problem of exactly the same nature! At first your problem was "to find the number of a house," and your problem now became "finding the number of a house."
Fig 1. You never knew knowing your house number could get you into so much trouble, did you?
{mospagebreak title=The Plot Thickens}
To confuse things even more, let's say you visited the house next to you, but you still found no number. You knocked on the door, and asked about the house number. Guess what they said to you? "We don't know, but look at the house next to us, add 1, and you will know our house number."
Déjà vu anyone? This game could take a while. You should repeat this again and again, till you find a house with a number you know. You add 1, and know the number of the one next to it, and so on, until you reach your house.
Notice that in every step, your problem was always reduced to exactly the same kind of problem (knowing a house number). This is the heart of recursion. We have just made our first recursive solution to a problem.
Before we go any further, I want to make two very important notes. These notes are going to be extremely useful when we start dealing with recursion in programming.
Note 1: In every step of solving a recursive problem, the problem always reduces to a problem of exactly the same nature.
This one is obvious, but now look at number 2.
Note 2: At a certain point, you should just solve the problem you have immediately rather than reducing it any further.
This note is extremely important. Let's return back to our house numbers problem. If you just keep asking and you are always asked to see the next house, you will spend your entire lifetime looking at buildings! At a certain point, you have to find a house with a number that you know. At this point, the recursion stops, and you start to solve all the problems you left open.
Let me stress this again: you can't keep reducing your problem into a similar problem forever, or else you are never going to stop. At a certain point, you have to just stop and solve the problem at hand. This point is sometimes called the stopping condition.
Now, I can already hear you screaming, "What does this have to do with programming?!" Well, a lot, actually. When you are writing a program, you are solving a problem (or a set of problems). If you write your solution to the problem in a recursive way, what will it look like? Basically the function you write to solve the problem is going to eventually call itself. What for? This comes from our definition of recursion. We reduce a problem to a problem of exactly the same nature. This is why the function calls itself to solve the new instance of the problem…
Sounds complicated? Don't worry. Let's look at our first programming example, a really simple one.
{mospagebreak title=First Programming Example}
As promised, this one is going to be easy. We will take a well known problem, and see how we can solve it recursively. The problem is searching an array. You are given an array, and you want to search for a certain value inside the array. The non-recursive approach to this problem would be to iterate through the array looking for the value we search for. When it is found, we stop and report success, and if not, we report failure.
Now, let's think recursively. We want to reduce the problem of searching an array into a problem of…well…searching an array. After all, this is how recursion works.
Think of this approach. To search an array whose length is n for the value of v, do the following.
If the element is in the very last position, report as success
If not, search the whole array (except for the last position), for the element we are looking for.
You see, we actually managed to reduce the problem from searching an array into searching an array. Are we forgetting anything? Of course we are: the stopping condition! When should this stop? Luckily this is simple–when you are faced with an empty array, report failure.
Now look at the code to actually implement this…
class List
int[] data=new int[100];
public boolean search(int v, int n)
{//v is the value we search for, n is length of array to search
if(n==0) return false;
if(data[n-1]==v) return true;
return search(v,n-1);
Take a closer look at this code. I have removed everything, except for the relevant parts. Did you notice that there aren't any loops at all? That's right, we made a search over all the elements of the array without having any kind of loops in the code. Just a couple of if statements, and a return statement! How does it work?
It is a little tricky. First you call search(v,100). This function checks the last element of the array, and if that's the one we want, it returns true. If not, it calls search(v,99). The newly called function checks the position before the last one, and if the element is not found there it calls search(v,98), and so on. If the element is not in the array, the function search() will keep calling itself till it reaches search(v,0), which will return false. If the element is found, the function that finds it will return true.
If you think this is complicated, don't worry. Recursion looks complicated the first time you see it. I mentioned that recursion is quite counter-intuitive. The human brain can never solve problems recursively. Our brains can only solve problems by thinking of the steps necessary, and doing them one by one. Only computers are comfortable with recursion. Anyway, let's get back to our discussion.
I can hear the skeptics complaining, "I can't see any benefits from using recursion. We solved a simple problem by writing a really tricky piece of code. We could have just lived with a small loop to do the search, and ignore recursion completely." Patience people; I can't say everything at the same time! Let's head into our second example.
{mospagebreak title=The Flood Fill Algorithm}
Now, let's turn our attention to a totally different problem. We are working on a 2D drawing package, and we want to make a bucket fill tool similar to that found in Microsoft Paint. The user selects a color, clicks on a point, and the color spreads to fill the area with this color. Have a look at this figure.
Fig 2. We need to write a program to flood fill a shape
We want to write a function to implement this feature. We are given a 2 dimensional array of colors, a point to start painting from, and a color. We should fill the fill area with the color as mentioned above.
There is no easy non-recursive solution to this problem, but we can solve this recursively in just 8 lines of code. How? The idea is simply to make a flood fill from a point do the following:
- If the point we want to color is already filled, don't do anything and stop, else color it.
- If the point above it is not colored, call flood fill from that point (recursive step).
- If the point to the right is not colored, call flood fill from that point (recursive step).
- If the point to the left is not colored, call flood fill from that point (recursive step).
- If the point below it is not colored, call flood fill from that point (recursive step).
Now, you see, the whole solution is just 5 steps, and 4 of them are recursive calls. It is important to understand how this actually works.
class Canvas
byte board[][]=new byte[100][100];
public void Fill(int x,int y,byte c)
if(board[x][y]==c) return;
I have tried to make the code simpler by fixing width and height. But, of course, it is easy to generalize the code to different sizes and color formats.
{mospagebreak title=How it Works}
How does this code work? Looks too small to be true? Well, it isn't. It works like this: you start at a point, if it is already colored you do nothing. This condition prevents color from flowing out.
Next, you turn your attention to the 4 neighboring pixels. If any one of them is not colored, start a flood fill from that point too. And guess what, when you start a flood fill from each of those points, they will start to fill the neighboring pixels, and so on, and so on… This is the magic of recursion.
Take a look at this figure. It shows the first 3 steps of how flood fill works. This figure is not actually 100% accurate in terms of the sequence of pixels being filled, but I hope it illustrates the idea.
Fig 3. Starting at the red point, the program fills the point, and then calls itself to fill the 4 surrounding points, and then from each of the surrounding point, calls itself to fill the 4 surrounding each one of them and so on (Note: the function calls will not occur concurrently as shown here. This is just for illustration purpose. In reality. They will be called one after the other. The sequence of coloring pixels will be different)
Now you see how it works. We have created a really nice flood fill algorithm that can fill really complicated shapes with a minimum amount of effort.
I'll let you in on a little secret. The code we have just written is bad in its memory usage. Really bad. Why? The same function is called again for every pixel. Each function call takes a specified amount of memory that is released when the function is finished. And so, by the time we reach the last pixel to fill, there are lots of instances of the flood fill function all in the memory, taking lots of space. For a large shape, this memory could be in the megabytes range. Not something to be ignored if you are working on a machine with limited memory (such as a mobile phone).
The moral is to be careful when dealing with recursion. There is a secret overhead because of the function calls, which should never be ignored.
Coming up next is a major example, and one of the best uses of recursion. It is harder than the previous examples, but it's such a good example that I feel obligated to include it. Grab a cup of coffee; it should help. I'd treat you if I could…but let's not digress. Instead, let's go directly to our final example.
{mospagebreak title=Connect 4 AI program}
Our last example is creating an AI routine for a connect 4 program. Let's assume you are creating a connect 4 game, and you want to write the routine for the computer player. How do you make the computer think? This is our example.
By the way, the same idea can be used to make an AI routine for nearly any turn based game, be it Tic-Tac-Toe, Connect 4, or even Chess. We will see in a moment what changes need to be made, and why the harder games require more work.
First, for those people who don't know what Connect 4 is, it involves dropping pieces into a board to form a line of of 4 in a row, column or a diagonal. You can find an applet that plays Connect 4 at http://www.bodo.com/Applets/Connect4. I hope this gives you an idea of the game.
What is a good way to make the computer play this game? Here's an idea. Computers are good at enumerating choices, so let's make them do just that. Here is how we will make it work.
First, let's consider this solution. The computer will try to put one of its pieces in each different location. Whatever makes the computer win, it will take it. What do you think of this solution? It is not very good. Why? Because the computer is not planning anything ahead. If the computer is only looking one move ahead, it is just like a man fighting in the dark, a man who can only see his footsteps. He will never be able to beat his opponent. Especially if his opponent can see and plan his moves very carefully.
Here is a better alternative. The computer will try to play a piece in each possible location. For each location, it will also try to put a piece for the opponent in each possible location, and then evaluate the position. It will choose the best position. Now, this is a bit better. The computer is now looking one move ahead.
But why stop here? We can extend this idea like this. The computer will try to place a piece in each possible location. For each location, it will try to put a piece for the opponent, and for each location it will try to place a piece for itself, and so on.
In other words the computer is trying all possible combinations for several moves ahead, and then it chooses the best move.
How should the computer decide the best move? It should assume that both sides are playing their best moves. So, when it tries its own moves, it should take the best move for itself, and when it considers the opponent's move, it should take the worst move for itself. In other words, the best move for the opponent.
Getting complicated? Don't worry, let me explain it in more detail. When I am trying my moves, if I find a really good move, then I certainly will take it. When I am enumerating my opponent's moves, what if I find a really good move for him? He will certainly take it. It is that simple. When you are considering moves, you should take the best move for the side you are trying moves for.
{mospagebreak title=The Minimax Method}
What we have just created is called the minimax method. Let's see roughly how our code should look. I will try to keep things as simple as possible, so as not to distract you from the main idea. I will explain how to improve on it later.
class MoveValue
{//holds a score, column pair.
int Score;
int col;
MoveValue(int s,int c)
class Connect4
byte board[][]=new byte[8][7];
//the connect 4 board. 0 means empty, 1 means player 1 piece
//2 means player 2 piece
MoveValue bestMove(byte sideToMove,int depth,int maxDepth)
{//Finsd the best move for the side. Returns column and score pair
//depth specifies current level of depth (should be passed as 0)
//maxDepth specifies the maximum depth to search
//holds the best score
MoveValue best_score = new MoveValue(-100000,0);
MoveValue mv=new MoveValue();
for (int i=0;i<7;i++)
{ //try putting a piece at each of 7 columns.
continue; //if column is full ignore it.
//find the row to put this piece. x is the row
int x=0;
//find if it is a game over, don't search further if it is
//a score of 100 or -100 means a game over
MoveValue cur=new MoveValue();
else //search further (this one is the recursive call)
//3-sideToMove, gives you the number of the opponent. If sideToMove is 1
//3-sideToMove will be 2. If sideToMove is 2, 3-sideToMove is 1
//if this move is better, use it instead
else if(mv.Score<best_score.Score&&depth%2==1)
//undo the move. Remove the piece you just put
return best_score;
This is the most complex piece of code we have written today. What does it do? Let me explain.
The code starts be defining a new class MoveValue, just to hold the value of a move, plus the column to play at. For example, if we discover that the best move is at column 3, which will give you a benefit of 90, the pair should hold the value (90,3).
Now, let's turn our attention to the code itself.
The basic idea is simple. Each move is assigned a score based on how good this move is for the player. We choose the best move for the player by choosing the move with the highest score.
The code first declares a MoveValue variable called best_score to hold the best move it can find.
If depth is odd it initializes the score to a very small negative number, or else it initializes it to a big positive number. Huh? Why? Remember when we said the computer, when it tries its moves, should take the best move for itself, and when it considers the opponent's move, it should take the worst move for itself. In other words, the best move for its opponent.
This is the reason behind those initial values. When depth is even, we are considering a move for the computer, so we initialize the score to a very small value so that the first possible move will be better than it. And when depth is odd, we initialize it to a very big number, so that any possible move will be worse than it.
{mospagebreak title=Placing Pieces}
Now what? We make a loop over all 7 columns and try to put a piece in each place. We try to put a piece in column #i if it has an empty slot.
After trying to put a piece we call a function called value() to tell us about the value of this position. The function value(), which we are going to cover in a moment, is given the current situation, and gives us a score that tells us how well this position is for the computer–higher is better, of course.
We call this function first to check for a game over. If it returns +100 the computer has won, or if it returns -100 the human player has won (this is how we are going to program it). In both cases, we don't need to continue trying further moves. The game is over.
So, we check if the return from this function was +100 or -100 or if we have reached the end of our analysis (depth is equal to maxDepth) and we just take the value returned from the value() function.
If not, we recursively call the bestMove() function to continue digging deeper into the tree of possibilities.
In both cases, we check the return from the function against the best score found so far. If the new score is better than the best score found so far (i.e. it is larger than the best score if it is the computer's turn, or smaller than the best score if it is the human's turn), we replace the best score with the new score.
Finally, we return the board to what it was by removing the piece we just put. We repeat again for the next column and so on…
The Value Function
Now, what about that value function? This function should tell us how good a position is from the point of view of the computer player. For the sake of simplicity, we will make a simple value function that just checks who is winning. Here it is…
int value()
{//get the value of a position
//check for 4 in a row
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
for(int j=0;j<7;j++)
return 100;
else return -100;
//check for 4 in a column
for(int i=0;i<8;i++)
for(int j=0;j<4;j++)
return 100;
else return -100;
//check for 4 in a diagonal
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
for(int j=0;j<4;j++)
return 100;
else return -100;
//check for 4 in the reverse diagonal
for(int i=3;i<8;i++)
for(int j=0;j<4;j++)
return 100;
else return -100;
return 0;
As you see, the function just checks if there are 4 pieces in a row, column or diagonal, and if it is the computer's pieces, it returns +100, and if it's the human's pieces it returns -100.
{mospagebreak title=Trying it Out}
Whew, and that's it. Now we have a nice Connect 4 AI engine that can actually look several moves ahead, thanks to recursion. For example, if we try the engine on this position:
Fig 4. The AI (red player), will know how to win in this situation
If the program is called to play for the red player with a depth of only 3, it will correctly find that the best move is to put a piece in column 2 to force the human to block at column 5 and then the computer wins by putting a piece at column 5.
In another situation:
Fig 5. If the computer (yellow player) could only see one step ahead, he would be unable to see the threat of playing at column 3 or 6 and winning. Now, it can detect and prevent it.
The computer correctly decides to play at column 3 to block the human from winning by putting at column 3 or 6.
Pretty impressive, huh? And it is all less than 30 lines of code.
{mospagebreak title=Two More Tips}
So, is this the end of story? Certainly not! There is room for improvement, but that's really beyond the scope of this article. I will just give you 2 pointers. First, the value() function could be greatly enhanced, so that it gives a better scoring system. For example it should give some score for 3 in a row (because that's close to getting 4 in a row). If further studies are made about the game, we can even create a much better value function that takes into account the position of pieces relative to each other, and to the edges and so on…
On the other hand, we can also improve on the bestMove() function itself, by using the alpha beta pruning technique. This technique makes minimax run a lot faster, and I mean a lot. Sadly, this is also outside the scope of this article, but you will find references to alpha beta pruning at the end. Maybe this should be the topic of a future article. Drop me an email if you are interested.
One last comment. The routine we made ignores the case when the board gets full and the game ends in a draw. I didn't want to complicate things, but I am sure you can easily add it to the current code without much trouble.
So, that was it. Our last example for recursion. But this not the end of the journey. The journey has just started. Hopefully you are ready to start writing your own recursive code now.
When to Use (or Avoid) Recursion
As we saw with the flood fill program, sometimes recursion wastes a lot of memory space (or execution time). Other times, recursion is just the way to go. How do you decide?
- If the problem definition fits well with a recursive solution, this is a good sign to use recursion, but see number 2.
- Before writing a recursive solution, think of memory and processing time. If you can find a non-recursive solution the does the job faster, or by using less memory, don't use recursion (unless you know what you're doing).
- Recursion can be overused, resulting in some very clumsy code. Don't overuse recursion, or your code will be unreadable.
- If the recursive solution is really small and elegant, this is a good sign you should go for recursion.
- Tail recursion (a recursive function whose last line is a recursive call) is optimized well by the compiler. It will not waste memory as you would think.
Finally a bit of theory, for theory fans. Every recursive program can be re-written in a non-recursive way. Period. But this simple statement doesn't indicate how complicated the non-recursive code can be. Sometimes a 3 liner recursive code can become truly monstrous code when you switch into the non-recursive version. It is always your decision.
Your feedback is always welcome. Send me an email (email@example.com), and tell me what you think. I certainly would love to hear from you.
Further Reading
- Stendahl's Programming Links
Contains a C source code to do the non-recursive version of flood fill. It certainly uses less memory, but look how long the code became. (Just for the sake of comparison).
- McGill University School of Science: Data Structures and Algorithms
Contains an explanation of Alpha Beta pruning, for those of you who want to pursue the topic.


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5.0 Mustang & Super FordsEvents
2014 NPD Ford and Mustang Roundup - Silver Metal
National Parts Depot starts the 2014 show season with style at Silver Springs
Horse Sense: John Macolino, our Editor's Choice winner at the '13 NPD Ford and Mustang RoundUp, was back again in 2014. Jay Meagher at Real Street Performance swapped out the stick for an automatic, which John reports has calmed the car down a bit, but made it faster at the same time.
For those of us in the South, we're ready for a car show by January. Christmas and New Year's are in the rearview mirror, which means we're able to get back to some normalcy, and back to concentrating on our Mustangs.
Thankfully, National Parts Depot's Ford and Mustang Roundup is held annually after the new year, so we can get out of the office for a couple days and check out some Mustangs at Silver Springs State Park outside Ocala, Florida. The area around Silver Springs is horse country, so it only makes sense to have one of the South's largest Ford and Mustang shows there.
NPD's Ford and Mustang Roundup kicks off the season, and it brings out the finest Mustangs from not just Florida, but throughout the Southeast as well. For people that live north of Florida, the show gives them an opportunity to head south for a break from the brutal cold.
Unfortunately, this year's show had the weather putting a damper on attendance. Rain in the forecast kept many show attendees at home. It was their loss as rain didn't enter the area until 6 p.m. on Saturday. There were 70 new show attendees on Sunday, which enjoyed sunny but cooler weather.


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Germany signalled on Wednesday it was ready to back plans to give the European Central Bank new powers to supervise banks across the bloc, raising the prospect of a breakthrough on the European Union's most ambitious financial reform.
Last week France and Germany had clashed openly over parts of the plan, but with little time left for the EU to meet a commitment to complete the framework for a common bank supervisor by the end of the year, both countries redoubled efforts to settle their differences.
Continue Reading Below
"We think that we have a good chance to reach a deal today," Germany's Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble told journalists ahead of a meeting with his European Union peers to agree a plan. "My intention is that we find a solution to the banking union on time before Christmas."
His French counterpart Pierre Moscovici told his colleagues in the meeting that "all the parameters" for an agreement were in place.
After three years of piecemeal crisis-fighting measures, governments are inching towards the creation of a so-called "banking union" that would prevent troubled banks from dragging down sovereign states, as they have in Ireland and Spain.
A single banking supervisor for the euro zone and most other EU states would be a crucial step towards that goal. But even if the bloc agrees to that, other difficult issues will remain, including setting up a resolution authority to close down failed banks and a scheme to protect deposits.
Among the outstanding questions ministers are trying to settle on Wednesday are how many banks the ECB should directly supervise and whether the central bank gets longer than one year, as planned, to take on its role.
A compromise document, obtained by Reuters, won broad backing at the meeting from the ECB and countries including Spain and France.
It recommends that banks with assets of 30 billion euros or larger than one fifth of their country's economic output be supervised directly by the ECB rather than national supervisors.
Critically, it also gives the ECB authority to widen its remit to problem banks even if they are smaller.
At a briefing in Berlin before the meeting started, aides to Chancellor Angela Merkel said Germany would not stand in the way of an agreement if certain questions were cleared up.
"We hope for major progress and perhaps a breakthrough," one aide said, requesting anonymity.
Berlin has dragged its feet for months due to concerns that it will be left to foot the bill for European banks too weak to survive when, as is planned at a later stage, a central resolution scheme is set up to close troubled banks.
It remains worried about a potential conflict of interest between the ECB's roles as supervisor and as guardian of monetary policy. Such a conflict could arise if, for example, the ECB were to keep interest rates low to prop up banks.
The tone of Wednesday's gathering, however, was a far cry from a meeting last week intended to finalise the plan when Schaeuble clashed with France's Moscovici. France wanted a broad ECB remit, while Germany had reservations.
Schaeuble had objected to the ECB's Governing Council having the final say over monitoring banks, but said at the meeting on Wednesday that he thought a compromise could be found.
Still, reaching a deal, which EU leaders hope to sign off at a summit on Thursday and Friday, will also require the backing of others with vested interests such as Britain, Sweden, Poland, Hungary and the Netherlands.
Sweden's Finance Minister Anders Borg spelled out his objections to peers, saying there was no way for non-euro countries to participate in the ECB-led scheme on an equal footing with countries in the currency.
He said that Sweden was unlikely to join but could allow the banking union go ahead for others, although he warned it could create "substantial division" in the European union.
"There is a move now towards eurobanks, eurotaxes, euro transfers, euro commission," Borg told journalists ahead of the meeting. "It might be very popular among the eurocrats but I think there are very few Europeans actually wanting these developments."
Britain has similar worries. In particular, London wants to change the system of voting when regulators from across the European Union meet to flesh out EU law, such as defining in detail the type of capital reserves that qualify as a cushion against banks' risky assets.
The regulators meet under the umbrella of the European Banking Authority, but Britain is concerned that euro zone states -- united under the supervision of the ECB -- would vote as a bloc to force through rules that work in their favour.
London has demanded that countries outside the single currency be able jointly to block certain decisions taken by the ECB, a veto that is opposed within the euro zone.
The compromise proposal, put forward by Cyprus which holds the rotating EU presidency says each country in the banking union will have at least two banks supervised by the ECB.
The central bank's Governing Council would keep the final say in supervision, according to the document. It lays emphasis on the need for a clear operational separation between monetary policy and supervision.
Ministers will also consider allowing the ECB more time than until Jan. 1, 2014 to fully take on its role.
All 27 EU states must give approval for the project to go ahead, even if only those countries in the euro zone will fall under the banking union to begin with.


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Gainful Employment Information
The Gainful Employment Program requires career college programs to prepare students for gainful employment in a recognized occupation. In accordance with the program, Central Oregon Community College is providing the required disclosure information for each certificate program that leads to gainful employment.
In compliance with federal financial aid regulations, COCC is collecting and preparing to provide Gainful Employment information for the following Wildland Fire Certificate programs:
More information about Gainful Employment.


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We are a group of guys that love to Fish, Hunt, Snow Ski, Scuba, Surf, Ride Motorcycles, 4 wheeling. We see life as a gift and we love to play hard!
Here is our website...
Please don't just copy the artwork from the website and add to you design we want it to be original.
We are a members only club and here are the styles we like...
Look for inspiration in these helmets designs...
Look for inspiration in these T-shirt designs
TapOut - http://shop.tapout.com/index.cfm?fa…ductId=289
Billabong - http://www.hanger94.com/productinfo…_dc-52.htm
1. The main artwork should be in the back and a small piece in the front of the T
2. The word Mangz should be pretty prominent in the design
3. Hogan's Run 2010 should be somewhere small in the design
5. If possible incoperate a crown in the with an " M " M for mangz if you look at our logo on the website there are two m's in it for MyMangz. This is not a requirement.
6. Feel free to be creative with the design it doesnt have to be super elaborate simple is cool too as long as it looks professional and original . We don't want a t-shirt with a bunch of clip-art.


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Jose Mourinho is widely speculated to be heading to Stamford Bridge to take over the reins of Chelsea FC again. This would be a fantastic proposition for all.
It would be interesting to see whether he will be given complete control of his team, which the Blues' owner is notoriously shy of. But a return would surely enhance their chances of lifting the Premier League title, which has eluded them for some time now.
Yes, Mourinho's image has been tarnished after his recent turmoil at Madrid with the players and staff of his team as well as others. Widely regarded as one of the best managers of this era, he has successfully alienated supporters of opposite teams as well as his current teams.
But that wouldn't change the fact that he is much loved at Chelsea and at Inter Milan where he has had immense success.
Customary to a Mourinho reign, one can expect Chelsea to splash the cash this summer to bring in players to bolster the squad that has looked shaky more often than not this season.
The over-reliance on Juan Mata and Eden Hazard was there to be seen for all. Chelsea's midfield lacks the strength that it boasted during Mourinho's first stint here.
Mikel is no comparison to the likes of Claude Makelele or the ageing Michael Essien who spent the current season on-loan with him. Marouane Fellaini might well answer the answer to their midfield problem.
The Everton midfielder has been in his best form this season and would be an asset. But with David Moyes heading to Manchester United, it would be interesting to see whether he follows the manager or goes for a new beginning at the Bridge.
However, the rise to prominence of David Luiz in midfield may have shown Mourinho enough to convince him that he deserves his place in the centre of the park.
Luiz moving to midfield would open up a spot in the heart of the defence for the Blues. With John Terry out injured for the most of this season, a new signing in the form of Greece and Schalke teen sensation, Kyriakos Papadopoulos, seems highly likely.
They are also in the market for Southampton left-back Luke Shaw. The fact that he is 17-years old makes him a valuable asset.
But one position that has been giving nightmares to the last couple of managers is that of the centre forward.
Fernando Torres was signed from Liverpool with much fanfare for £50 million but the returns were unsatisfactory to say the least. He has shown glimpses of his old self this season, but that wouldn't guarantee him a place in Mourinho's squad, who relies a lot on a big, strong striker.
Edinson Cavani seems to fit the bill perfectly. But with Manchester City also interested in him, the move seems unlikely as Napoli would want Torres in exchange and Roman Abramovich doesn't seem inclined to see the back of a player that brings in a lot of revenue via shirt sales.
Robert Lewandowski seems to be the hottest property in the footballing world at present. The £25 million rated striker seems to be budget friendly for the Blues. But the fact they will have to fight it out with Champions League finalists (and favourites) Bayern Munich and English champions Manchester United for his signature is a dampener.
This leaves the door open for out of favour Bayern and German star Mario Gomez to find his way into the Chelsea line-up. If Lewandowski does move to Bayern, Gomez would find it difficult to find a place in the team after having already fallen behind top scorer and namesake Mario Mandzukic. If it does happen, Chelsea could snap him up for a cut-price deal, as Bayern would be all but eager to off-load the striker.
With the onset of financial fair play in the Champions League and the Barclays Premier League, Chelsea would have to make certain "smart" signings, which wouldn't jeopardise its chances in these competitions.
With all their targets falling under the £20-50 million ponds category, Chelsea would have to pick the finest and best suited players for their next campaign. They must also try hard to integrate their wealth of young talent, in the likes of Thibaut Courtois, Romelu Lukaku and Kevin de Bruyne into the team and not let them leave for greener pastures.
It would be interesting to see whether they stick with their plan of buying proven talent or whether they would fall back upon their reserves. But one thing is for certain, with the arrival of Jose Mourinho, Chelsea could easily be on its way up.
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New DVD/Blu-ray Releases — January 2013
What better way to ring in the new year than with some new DVDs and Blu-rays? Check out our breakdown of what's coming to DVD and Blu-ray in January and get your wallets ready.
January 1
'Cosmopolis' -- Directed by David Cronenberg. Starring Robert Pattinson, Sarah Gadon, and Paul Giamatti. While riding across Manhattan in his limo to get a haircut, a billionaire encounters various characters who complicate his day.
'The Trouble with Bliss' -- Directed by Michael Knowles. Starring Michael C. Hall, Brie Larson, and Lucy Liu. A man in his 30s finds his life unraveling when he hooks up with the daughter of a former high school classmate.
January 8
'House at the End of the Street' -- Directed by Mark Tonderai. Starring Jennifer Lawrence and Elisabeth Shue. When a mother and daughter move to a new town, they find themselves living next door to a house where a young girl murdered her family.
'Frankenweenie' -- Directed by Tim Burton. Starring Catherine O'Hara, Winona Ryder, and Martin Short. When his dog is hit by a car, a young boy uses electricity to bring him back from the dead, but then his classmates try to bring their own deceased pets back from the dead to disastrous results.
'Hit and Run' -- Directed by David Palmer and Dax Shepard . Starring Dax Shepard, Kristen Bell, and Bradley Cooper. A former getaway driver threatens to break his Witness Protection deal when he drives his girlfriend to LA.
'Dredd' -- Directed by Pete Travis. Starring Karl Urban, Olivia Thirlby, and Lena Headey. In the near future law enforcement officials called "judges" act as judge, jury, and executioner. An expert judge is partnered with a rookie to bring down a drug syndicate.
'Samsara' -- Directed by Ron Fricke. Spanning five years, five continents, and 26 countries, this film examines various disaster zones, sacred places, and natural wonders.
'Compliance' -- Directed by Craig Zobel. Starring Ann Dowd, Pat Healy, and Dreama Walker. Based on a shockingly true series of events, this film follows the manager at a fast food joint as she receives a phone call from a man pretending to be a police officer.
'Touchback' -- Directed by Don Handfield. Starring Brian Presley, Kurt Russell, and Melanie Lynskey. 15 years after the injury that ruined his football career, a man reflects on his past.
'Stolen' -- Directed by Simon West. Starring Nicolas Cage and Malin Akerman. When his daughter is stolen and stuffed in the trunk of a taxi, a former thief frantically searches for her.
'Jack and Diane' -- Directed by Bradley Rust Gray. Starring Juno Temple and Riley Keough. Diane falls for a girl named Jack, but her feelings grow too quickly, manifesting in monstrous ways once the two are faced with their possible separation.
'That's What She Said' -- Directed by Carrie Preston. Starring Anne Heche and Alia Shawkat. Two best friends struggling with their own relationship problems go on an adventure in New York with their new acquaintance.
January 15
'Taken 2' -- Directed by Olivier Megaton. Starring Liam Neeson and Famke Janssen. When former CIA agent Brian Mills was rescuing his daughter, he killed one of her kidnappers, and now the man's father has taken Mills and his wife hostage for revenge.
'The Possession' -- Directed by Ole Bornedal. Starring Jeffrey Dean Morgan and Kyra Sedgwick. A young girl buys an antique box at a garage sale only to find an evil spirit living inside.
'To Rome with Love' -- Directed by Woody Allen. Starring Woody Allen, Penelope Cruz, Jesse Eisenberg, and Alec Baldwin. Lives and romances intertwine among a group of residents and visitors in Rome.
'Won't Back Down' -- Directed by Daniel Barnz. Starring Maggie Gyllenhaal and Viola Davis. Two mothers try to change a broken inner city school system to give their children a brighter future.
'Branded' -- Directed by Jamie Bradshaw and Aleksandr Dulerayn. Starring Ed Stoppard and Leelee Sobieski. In a dystopian future, corporate branding has changed the world and one man is out to uncover the conspiracy.
'About Cherry' -- Directed by Stephen Elliott. Starring Ashley Hinshaw and James Franco. A young woman moves to San Francisco and enters the world of pornography with the help of a drug-addled lawyer.
January 22
'End of Watch' -- Directed by David Ayer. Starring Jake Gyllenhaal, Michael Pena, and Anna Kendrick. Two cops are targeted by a gang after raiding their stash of money and weapons during a routine traffic stop.
'Searching for Sugar Man' -- Directed by Malik Bendjelloul. Two South Africans set out to find their musical hero from the 70s in this touching documentary.
'For a Good Time, Call...' -- Directed by Jamie Travis. Starring Lauren Miller and Ari Graynor. Former college enemies become roommates and start a phone sex hotline for extra money.
'The Paperboy' -- Directed by Lee Daniels. Starring Zac Efron, Nicole Kidman, and John Cusack. A reporter goes to his hometown in Florida to investigate a death row inmate.
'Keep the Lights On' -- Directed by Ira Sachs. Starring Thure Lindhardt and Zachary Booth. A filmmaker bonds with a closeted lawyer in Manhattan and struggles to maintain his sense of identity as their relationship intensifies.
'Nobody Walks' -- Directed by Ry Russo-Young. Starring Olivia Thirlby, John Krasinski, and Rosemarie DeWitt. A young filmmaker goes to stay with the family of a sound designer who's helping her complete her film, setting off a ripple effect that tests the relationships of all involved.
'Nature Calls' -- Directed by Todd Rohal. Starring Patton Oswalt and Johnny Knoxville. Brothers Randy and Kirk have always been opposites, but things get stickier when Randy takes over Kirk's son's sleepover, taking the boys on a trip they won't soon forget.
'Fat Kid Rules the World' -- Directed by Matthew Lillard. Starring Jacob Wysocki, Matt O'Leary, and Billy Campbell. A high school dropout looks kindly upon an overweight and suicidal kid, inviting him to be the drummer in his punk band.
January 29
'Hotel Transylvania' -- Directed by Genndy Tartakovsky. Starring Adam Sandler, Andy Samberg, and Steve Buscemi. Trouble comes to Transylvania when the first human comes to visit a hotel run by vampires and falls for the innkeeper's daughter.
'Paranormal Activity 4' -- Directed by Henry Joost and Ariel Schulman. Starring Katie Featherston and Kathryn Newton. A woman and her child move in to a new neighborhood, causing mysterious events to occur for one family next door.
'Seven Psychopaths' -- Directed by Martin McDonagh. Starring Sam Rockwell, Colin Farrell, and Woody Harrelson. A screenwriter finds himself unwittingly mixed up with criminals when his dog-napping pals take the wrong man's dog.
'Hello I Must Be Going' -- Directed by Todd Louiso. Starring Melanie Lynskey and Christopher Abbott. When a young divorcee moves back in with her parents, she falls for a much younger man.


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Late last week in Geneva, Martin Dinham, a former Director General in the United Kingdom's Department for International Development, and Dr. Mphu Ramatlapeng, Health Minister of the Kingdom of Lesotho, were elected Chair and Vice-Chair of the Board of Directors of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. They were voted in as the Board passed a comprehensive package of reforms to ensure that the Fund can continue to fulfill its mission to combat these three devastating diseases. As part of its multi-year pledge in support of the Fund, the United States called for strong reforms to improve the Fund's transparency, accountability, and fiduciary controls. I am pleased that my fellow Board members took the United States' call to action seriously.
Through the Global Fund Board, we have achieved agreement on key reforms and have insisted upon rapid and aggressive implementation of these reforms, including reaffirmation that the Inspector General has full independence; adoption of comprehensive reform measures to strengthen accountability, transparency, and performance; and more strategic allocation of resources to ensure they get to those with the greatest need.
The Fund plays an essential role in allowing implementing countries to develop effective and sustainable responses to the devastation wrought by AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. Transparency and accountability are vital to this effort. The Fund must now build on the positive steps forward the Board has taken at this meeting and implement its comprehensive action plan that includes specific targets and timelines. In the meantime, we will continue to hold the Fund accountable for securing these needed reforms.
We also look forward to the report from the High-Level Independent Review Panel on Financial Oversight, co-chaired by former Botswana President Festus Mogae and former HHS Secretary Michael Leavitt, who briefed the Global Fund Board on the progress of their study. We expect that the recommendations of these distinguished global leaders in health will further solidify actions required to make the Fund the strong, accountable and transparent organization that it must be.


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Dennis "Mike" McCord may not have known it, but he, or more so his wrestling alter ego Austin Idol, was considered a recluse by those in the wrestling business. Having pretty much retired in 1990, he came back every few years for a few shots in Memphis into the mid-'90s (and even promoted a territory in Alabama for a few months in 1993). After an appearance on Memphis Power Pro Wrestling's first show on WMC TV in 1998 where he looked surprisingly old, he fell off the wrestling radar.
This wasn't a case like Perry Saturn or Mark Lewin going missing and being feared dead. He was just highly sought after for conventions and shoot interviews and unaware of this fact as he devoted himself to his career as a real estate buyer/investor. A few months ago, he reappeared as Austin Idol with an official website showing pictures of him in incredible shape at 60 years old. He then went on to announce that he was running for mayor of Tampa, Florida, and made a convention appearance where Highspots shot a shoot interview with him.
I'll get my complaints out of the way first. As often happens on DVDs of this type, Idol leaves plenty of openings for follow-up questions that aren't asked, which is a shame, because when he had a story to tell, he was very engaging. Though it's unfortunate, it's to be expected. His attempts at promoting (a big show in 1986 and the aforementioned territory in Alabama in 1993) go unmentioned, but they're pretty obscure, so it's understandable. What was surprising was how the plane crash that Idol survived was handled.
In 1975, while working for Eddie Graham's Championship Wrestling from Florida promotion as Mike McCord, Idol, Gary Hart, and Bobby Shane were flown home from a show by fellow wrestler Buddy Colt on his small airplane. Due to bad instructions from the air traffic controllers regarding weather conditions, Colt crashed the plane into the bay. Shane died on impact, Colt and Hart (who had survived another plane crash in the '60s) were thrown from the plane, and Idol escaped after the crash. Hart pulled Idol and Colt to shore, saving their lives.
As a bonus clip on WWE's The Triumph and Tragedy of World Class Championship Wrestling DVD, in addition to a chapter in his posthumously released autobiography, Hart discussed the crash in remarkable detail. On this shoot interview, his first opportunity to discuss the crash in a similar fashion, Idol ... didn't. The interviewer prefaced his question about the crash by explaining that he wasn't going to ask Idol go in depth because it was going to be a central part of the book that Idol is writing. I was expecting him to maybe say something about it being a sore spot after certain comments of that nature that Hart made in his book. It's one thing to handle the crash the way they did, but why do it on camera and not edit it out?
It's insulting to those who paid for the DVD. The crash is one of the few specific stories plugged on the official DVD description, and then the viewers are given a quick summary while being told that they have to wait some undetermined amount of time to get the full story, which they also have to pay for. Wrestling books and shoot interview DVDs are two very different products and there would've been no harm towards the potential sales of the book.
That said, this is a pretty solid shoot interview DVD. Idol is a good storyteller and has a good sense of humor about the bad decisions he's made at times in his career. He's very self-deprecating as he relays the story of how he went to the WWWF, was promised an extended run in the well-paying territory by Vincent James McMahon ("Vince Senior"), only to leave because there was a snowstorm, which he was not used to as a native Floridian. His time in Georgia (where he had his most visible run thanks to the cable penetration of Superstation WTBS) and Memphis (the territory that he's most closely associated with thanks to his runs as a rival and partner of Jerry Lawler) get discussed the most.
The Georgia portion features the highlight of the DVD, which, aside from discussion of the plane crash, was probably the post anticipated subject. Throughout wrestling folklore, the story of Idol cashing a $5,000 check presented to him in the ring after winning a battle royal was legendary. Idol confirms it and tells the whole story in great detail. His most memorable moments in Memphis (disguising himself as a masked Mexican wrestler, his feud with Rick Rude, and shaving Jerry Lawler's head among others) are all well covered. The discussion of Idol's time in Alabama is interesting as he ponders his complacency in the territory being a negative.
If you're a fan of Idol, you'll definitely enjoy this DVD. It could have been more thorough, but it's still entertaining and easy to watch. For those who buy as many shoot interviews as they can, the lack of road stories may be a negative. Mildly recommended as long as you know what you're getting into.


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by Michael Caruso
The Presbyterian Church of Chestnut Hill was the site Sunday afternoon of a remarkable reprise. Piffaro, the Renaissance Band and The Crossing came back together to perform Kile Smith's "Epiphany Vespers." In 2008 Piffaro commissioned the local composer to revive the musical traditions of the Vespers Services of the 16th and 17th century German Lutheran churches with new music using old instruments. The result was a masterpiece of composition within the context of religious devotion. The revival drew an audience Sunday that literally packed Chestnut Hill Presbyterian Church.
From my perspective, the most impressive aspect of "Epiphany Vespers" was and is Smith's commitment to the powerful traditions of German Lutheran piety as expressed in music. Martin Luther, the great reformer of the 16th century, considered music to be an irreplaceable enhancement of religious worship, and he even composed countless German-language chorales to replace the Latin-language hymns of the Church of Rome, from which he was soon to depart.
But it was never Luther's intention to jettison all aspects of Catholicism's liturgies. Whereas the Anglican reformers in England replaced Roman Vespers with their own Choral Evensong, 16th century Lutherans continued Vespers with their mainly plainsong-based settings of the Latin Vulgate of the Psalms alongside newly composed German chorales.
The marvel of Smith's music is found in its ability to sound both old and new at the same time. The timbres of Piffaro's Renaissance instruments and the straight-tone singing of The Crossing recall the music of centuries ago, as does Smith's sophisticated use of contrapuntal techniques.
Donald Nally, The Crossing's music director and the interim music director at Chestnut Hill Presbyterian, conducted the Vespers superbly Sunday afternoon. The West Mt. Airy resident elicited flawless singing and exuberant playing from his musicians.
The Delaware-based period instruments ensemble Melomanie will pay a visit to Chestnut Hill to perform local composer Kile Smith's "The Nobility of Women." The concert is scheduled for 3 p.m., Sunday, Jan. 15, in the Presbyterian Church of Chestnut Hill, 8855 Germantown Ave.
"I'm thrilled to be working with Melomanie on my new work, 'The Nobility of Women,'" Smith explained. "This 20-minute dance suite takes its name from the 16th century dance instruction manual, 'Nobilita di Dame,' by Fabrito Caroso. The name alone captivated me. Although there is no other significant connection between my music and the book, I imagined a piece that would grow out of a work with that name."
The program will also include music by Couperin, Hagerty, Boismortier and Telemann. Tickets are $20 for adults, $15 for students and seniors, and is free for those 15 and under. Tickets are available at the door or by calling 302-764-6338 or visiting www.melomanie.org.
The Philadelphia Orchestra welcomed David Zinman to its podium Friday, Saturday and Sunday, Jan. 6 to 8, in the Kimmel Center's Verizon Hall. Formerly the music director of the Baltimore Symphony and now the director of the Zurich Tonhalle Orchestra, Zinman led a program comprised of the ensemble's first performance of Michael Torke's "Ash," William Walton's "Viola Concerto" with the orchestra's principal violist Choong-Jin Chang as eloquent soloist, and Beethoven's "Symphony No. 5 in C minor."
It is almost impossible for Beethoven's Fifth Symphony not to dominate any program on which it appears. It is the greatest of all symphonic warhorses and virtually guarantees an ovation at its conclusion as long as it's given even a decent rendition because Beethoven's genius is apparent in every measure. His mastery of form and structure, motivic development, rhythmic propulsion and stirring orchestration simply cannot be bettered.
Fortunately for the packed house in attendance Saturday evening, Zinman and the Philadelphians offered far better than a decent rendition. One might suggest that they presented a paradigm of how to interpret and perform a score that is well known to just about everyone in the concert hall.
The Philadelphians responded to Zinman's baton with exceptional playing. One didn't just "hear" the performance; one felt it.


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Practice gratitude daily, use your powers for good, don't be a schmuck
I started taking pictures in 1996. I've never been the same since. Thanks Mike.
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Sheokjuk Oqutaq
Canadian, 1920–1982
Mother and Child, 1952
stone, ivory, black colouring
19.5 x 10.8 x 8.5 cm
Collection of the Winnipeg Art Gallery; The Ian Lindsay Collection; Acquired with funds from the Volunteer Committee to the Winnipeg Art Gallery
Sheokjuk Oqutaq was well known for his realistic style and elegant compositions. In later years his favoured subjects were birds, intricately carved in green serpentinite. However, in his early years his work was mainly figurative. He began carving ivory miniatures in about 1946 when he lived near Kimmirut. When stone carving was encouraged in the Cape Dorset area in the early 1950s, Sheokjuk continued his use of ivory with black incised details for human heads to give realism to his figures. Before the discovery of a stone deposit at Tatsiitag at Markham Bay on South Baffin Island in the mid-1950s, carvers from Cape Dorset often used hard granite or other stones found on the ground. Sheokjuk has made good use of this material in the contrast between the delicate ivory faces and the less expressive dark stone.
Gallery Hours
- Tuesday 11am-5pm
- Wednesday 11am-5pm
- Thursday 11am-5pm
- Friday 11am-9pm
- Saturday 11am-5pm
- Sunday 11am-5pm
- Closed Monday


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I'm looking to get back into it. Haven't played in 2 years. I use to be around 3.5-4.0. I can't promise anything now because I haven't picked up my racket in so long! But I'm looking for a hitting partner and getting back into form.
Live in Marpole area and I can travel to different areas of Vancouver to play. I'm typically free Sunday mornings/afternoon, mondays and thursdays after work (6pm ish or so). Give me a holler.
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Angie Tibbs is Senior Editor of Dissident Voice and Editor of Poetry on Sunday. She can be reached at: firstname.lastname@example.com. Read other articles by Angie.
This article was posted on Sunday, October 14th, 2018 at 11:15pm and is filed under .
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…and Forgive Them Their Debts: Lending, Foreclosure and Redemption from Bronze Age Finance to the Jubilee Year Michael Hudson
Ongoing Genocide caused by Judicial Suppression of the "Existing" Aboriginal Rights Bruce Clark
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Voices from Syria Mark Taliano
The Russian Peace Threat: Pentagon on Alert Ron Ridenour
America: The Farewell Tour Chris Hedges
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Chris Brown Releases 'Fortune' Tracks 'Oh yeah!' + 'See Through'
Chris Brown has been on a tear lately dropping songs and videos from his upcoming LP 'Fortune.' On April 1, Breezy hit us with a double-whammy: two more singles from the album. The ballads 'Oh Yeah!" and 'See Through' were posted online and produced by hit-maker Drumma Boy.
The mid-tempo 'Oh Yeah!' is a joint that you could play while you're cruising in your car on the streets of Miami. On the track, Brown boasts about his bedroom prowess and promises to take any girl to the heights of ecstasy. "Two bad ones with me / It's three something in the morning, get it / Jump hump into the morning, I get it / Her mouth open she yawning, get it," raps Brown.
The second tune, 'See Through,' is suitable for both the club and the bedroom. On the song, Brown is yearning for a woman that catches his eye but, unfortunately, she doesn't know that he exists. "She's like a diamond in the rough / She's my passion, supernova the brightest star, the main attraction," he croons, adding, "But I wonder if she will ever notice me / She's treating me like I'm see through."
Chris Brown's new album 'Fortune' will drop on May 8.
Listen to Chris Brown, 'Oh Yeah'
Listen to Chris Brown, 'See Through'


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XGrabServer(3X11) XLIB FUNCTIONS XGrabServer(3X11)
XGrabServer, XUngrabServer - grab the server
int XGrabServer(Display *display); int XUngrabServer(Display *display);
display Specifies the connection to the X server.
The XGrabServer function disables processing of requests and close downs on all other connections than the one this request arrived on. You should not grab the X server any more than is absolutely necessary. The XUngrabServer function restarts processing of requests and close downs on other connections. You should avoid grab- bing the X server as much as possible.
XGrabButton(3X11), XGrabKey(3X11), XGrabKeyboard(3X11), XGrabPointer(3X11) Xlib - C Language X Interface XFree86 Version 4.5.0 1
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Would you like to explore new markets for your products or services? Exporting is one way to increase sales and grow your business. While the rewards of exporting can be great, it is not without risks.
Learn the basics, do your research, and stay informed. These are the best ways to improve your chances of success in exporting.
- Starting to export
Find information to help you get started if you are thinking of growing your business beyond our borders.
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Learn about the many financing programs that can help your export venture.
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Find foreign countries with customers who need your products or services.
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Get customers in export markets and deliver your goods or services to them.
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There are many opportunities for Canadian businesses to enter markets outside of Canada, but you need to be aware of the laws and regulations that apply to international trade.
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Just a quick reminder that a special preshow for TNA Bound for Glory airs tonight on Spike TV beginning at 7:00 p.m. Eastern (6:00 CT) one hour before the PPV live in San Diego.
The one hour preshow will feature a special Gauntlet Match to determine who will face James Storm and Gunner for the TNA Tag Team Championships on the PPV later that night. Teams scheduled for the match includes Christopher Daniels and Kazarian, Joseph Park and Eric Young, The BroMans and Chavo Guerrero and Hernandez.


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CG (Feat. Shawnna) - NFL Remix (PLTGNG) [Unsigned Artist]
Track #7 off of CG's Latest Mixtape [The Reign: Chronicles Of A King] available on Livemixtapes.com. Shawnna shouts out Cam Newton, Ray Rice and Ben Rothlisberger. Directed By Alvin Elmore. For booking/features Contact CG's manager Big V (firstname.lastname@example.com). CG's Official Website: Wix.com/Cadillacg2007/kingcg815 FOLLOW THE PILOT GANG ON TWITTER @BIGVROCTOWN @KINGCG @PILOT_JAYO @MERCEHIM
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