text:
Express. Home of the Daily and Sunday Express.
Saints' wait for Adkins is over
Southampton have confirmed the appointment of Nigel Adkins as their new manager.
Saints and Scunthorpe had spent the last few days discussing a compensation package for the 45-year-old, who will replace Alan Pardew at St Mary's.
Adkins, a former physio at Glanford Park before he became manager - twice leading them to promotion to the Championship - was always Southampton's first choice and he has now penned a three-year deal to work alongside trusted assistant Andy Crosby.
He said: "I am delighted to be the manager of Southampton. It's a very proud honour for myself, and Andy Crosby who is joining me as assistant manager, to join a club with such a big tradition.
"I'm very proud to have been given the opportunity by the chairman, Nicola Cortese, and look forward to taking the football club forward.
"I'm really looking forward to this fresh new challenge, and I'm very optimistic of where we can take this football club.
"We want to excite the supporters, because when this stadium is full I am sure there is a fantastic buzz around the place, so I hope the supporters are looking forward to watching their team go out and winning games of football in the right style."
Cortese said: "I am delighted to have been able to appoint Nigel as our new first team manager.
"We were inundated with applications from an impressive range of managers - a far cry from the position we found ourselves in when we last appointed a manager - and Nigel stood out from the start.
"He was at the forefront of my mind throughout the interview process, and the only manager that we offered the job to, so I am extremely happy that both Nigel and Andy have agreed to join us."


text:
In Reply to: My name in Chinese posted by kp on October 02, 2002 at 01:52:34:
: Anybody know what my name PHAM means in Chinese? Or at least the correct Chinese translation? I've been told it is Fan, but there seems to be 2 Fan's. One is for PHAM the other for PHAN. Thank you much.
Does anybody know how to spell Rhylee in chinese?
Follow Ups:
Post a Followup

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Brooks will join the retailer as senior marketing manager for social media in the New Year. She will oversee a team of about 10 specialists looking after Tesco's Facebook, Twitter and YouTube social channels, and report to digital and social director Tom Daniell.
Brooks' appointment comes as Tesco looks to increase its investment in social media. It recently relaunched its YouTube channel, working with digital agency Zone to simplify its presence on the video site.
At Coca-Cola, Brooks has led activity across the brand portfolio, including a King of the Park social game for Fanta and a digital campaign for Relentless Energy. She previously held senior marketing roles at Bauer Consumer Media.


text: Hello, I have installed ISPConfig 22.214.171.124 on Debian Squeeze. Emails are working creating also. I can't figure it out why maildrop isn't creating mailfilter directory and files. When I create .vacation.msg and .autoresponder manually it's working. Here are few informations about my configuration: Code: drwxrwx--- 3 vmail vmail 4096 10-13 13:35 mailfilters in /var/log/ispconfig/cron.log i keep getting following error: Code: Use of uninitialized value $_[1] in join or string at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/DbDriver/Stack.pm$ Also when i'm adding subdomain folder isn't autocreated. Thanks in advance. Best Regards, Black EDIT: I forgot to mention. I'm using Courier.


text:
|| Perl Tutorial, Part 1 ||
By Ch4r/Niels | email@example.com
- Binary Universe - http://binaryuniverse.net | irc.binaryshadow.org #binaryuniverse
- DI-Security - http://di-security.tk | irc.binaryshadow.org #damageinc
- st0rage - http://st0rage.org | irc.anomalous-security.org #st0rage
-Reflections - http://reflections.binaryshadow.org
| Copy Info |
This tutorial may be redistributed as long as it remains completely unchanged and full credit is given to me, Ch4r/Niels.
| Shouts |
Shouts to mu, dlab, Cryptic, Oropix, deep, CreepyNodque, Sintigan, ScM, Tele, Ic3D4ne, Ee77, ponyboy, Inviz, and everyone that I forgot.
| Introduction |
If you bothered to read the title, you'd know that this is a Perl tutorial. This tutorial doesn't aim to teach you every function in the Perl scripting language - it's meant to be a simple introduction to the language that teaches you the basics and should provide with enough for you to take your first step down the path of Perl coding. If you're looking for some more material on Perl after reading this, I'd recommend O'Reilly's Perl books, Google,
http://programmingtutorials.com (look in the Perl section), and http://freewebs.com/okidan (Okidan's site, which has several tutorials and ebooks related to Perl as well as Cryptography, Security, etc).
So what is Perl? Perl, short for Practical Extraction and Report Language, is a scripting language that was originally invented by Larry Wall for working with text files. It's not a compiled language like C/++ or Java in that programs are first compiled into executables; it's an interpreted language, meaning that you simply tell the interpreter to parse the file containing the Perl script and it executes it line by line. This makes programs quicker in the sense that there is no compile time to wait through, but it also means that the programs may run a bit slower than the equivalent in a compiled language.
If you have any comments on this tutorial, please feel welcome to contact me in whatever way you please with your feedback. Also note that I'm far from mastering Perl, so if you see something that looks messed up please contact me. Enjoy...
| What You Need |
You will need a few things to get started with Perl programming. First, you will need an interpreter to interpret and run the scripts you write. If you're using some form of *nix (Linux, BSD, Mac OS, Solaris, etc) you probably already have a Perl interpreter installed - you can check by opening a shell and entering the command 'perl'. If you get a 'command not found' error, you probably don't have Perl installed.
If you're running Windows (yuck) or for some other reason don't have Perl installed, you can download Perl from http://perl.org. While we're on the topic of operating systems, I should also say this: I use Linux in this tutorial, but this should also work on other operating systems.
| Hello, World! |
Similar to many other programming texts, we're going to begin by creating a simple program that
prints "Hello, World!" to standard output. Open up a text editor such as pico, vim, Notepad, etc
and enter the following code (the ----- is just to show where the code is, don't enter that):
print "Hello, world!\n";
Save the file as hello.pl (or anything else with a .pl extension) and then open a command line interface. Change directories to the directory you saved the hello.pl script in and type 'perl hello.pl'. The output should be "Hello, world!":
bash-2.05$ perl hello.pl
Hello, world!
Let's go over the source... the first line, "#!/usr/bin/perl", tells the interpreter the path to where Perl is installed on your computer. If you use Windows you don't really need this line, but if you use *nix you must have it at the first line of your script and replace /usr/bin/perl with
wherever Perl is installed. If you're having problems and are on *nix that could be why, but note that Perl is usually installed to /usr/bin/perl. The line that reads 'print "Hello, world!\n";' tells the interpreter to print the text 'Hello, world!' followed by a newline. The print function is used to print the text between quotes, the text 'Hello, world!' is the text to be printed to standard output by the print function, and the '\n' character tells Perl to print a newline. The semicolon is required at the end of a line in Perl, similar to several other languages.
| Strings |
Strings are simply several characters put together, usually forming something meaningful. For example, the word "perl" is a string as is the sentence "Binary Universe pwns all" or the progression of random characters "vre896q7cdrnhfqy7r8_@09". In Perl, strings are printed to standard output (usually the screen) using the print function. For example, we saw the line
print "Hello, world!\n";
in the hello.pl script. As we already saw, this prints the string "Hello, world!" followed by a newline. The \n (newline) character is what is called an escape sequence. There are many escape sequences that perform various tasks such as \t, which prints a tab, and \a, which is a beep. Note that \n is by far the most commonly used escape sequence.
So what if we wanted to print the progression of characters "\" and "n" instead of printing a newline? In that case, we would execute one of two possibilities. The first is to replace the double quoted string "blah blah blah\n" with 'blah blah blah\n'. The single quotes tell the interpreter that the string should be interpreted literally, meaning that whatever is typed will be printed whether or not it is an escape sequence. Replacing the print statement in the hello.pl script with a single quoted string would print "Hello, world!\n" instead of "Hello, world!" and a newline.
The second possibility is to replace "\n" with "\\n". This works because \\ in a double quoted string means that the character \ is printed, leaving the character "n" unaffedted by the previous backslash. Thus, the "n" is printed as well, making the output "Hello, world!\n".
Now let's make things a tad more complex - look at the following example:
print "Hello, " . "world" . "!\n";
If you substitute the print statement in the hello.pl script with the above one, the same result
is achieved. This is because the dot is used for concatenation, meaning that it is used for
joining several strings together. In the above example it joins the strings "Hello, ", "world",
and "!\n" together to be printed.
The same effect could be achieved by using commas instead of dots:
print "Hello, ", "world", "!\n";
This works the way it does because the print function takes a list of strings to print separated by commas (although normally only one string is printed and there is no need for commas).
| Numbers and Numeric Expressions |
Mathematical expressions (eg 2+2, 6-5, 2+2+6-5, etc) can be evaluated in Perl. The following are some commonly used operators:
+ - addition
- - subtraction
* - multiplication
/ - division
% - modulus/remainder
print 20+3; #Prints 23
print 20-3; #Prints 17
print 20*3; #Prints 60
print 20/3; #Prints 6.66666666666667
print 20%3; #Prints 2
This should be fairly straightforward with the exception of one thing - wtf does the "#" mean? In Perl, # denotes a comment, meaning that everything following the # until the end of the line is to be ignored by the interpreter. So when we enter "#Prints 23" the interpreter doesn't care because it simply ignores that part of the line seeing as it is commented out.
One very important concept to remember when writing code with mathematical statements in it is operator precedence. For example, 5+5*5 returns 30 because the interpreter first evaluates 5*5,
which yields 25, and then adds five to it. The same concept holds true in basic arithmetic. If we wanted the interpreter to evaluate 5+5 first and then multiply the result by five, we would simply enclose the statement 5+5 in parenthesis: (5+5)*5. This returns 50, not 30.
| Variables |
A variable is simply a series of characters used to represent a string or number. For example, if I assign the variable "$variable" the string value "I am a variable", wherever we use $variable we are actually using the string "I am a variable" (with a few exceptions such as if it is used in a single quoted string). So if we print "$variable" we are actually printing "I am a variable".
Scalar variables in Perl always begin with the $ character followed by the name of the variable (a scalar variable is one variable that is assigned one value; we'll see examples of non-scalar variables later). In addition to starting with the $ character, the character following the $ character must be either an underscore or a letter and all the characters after that may be underscores, letters, or numbers. Following are what would be valid variable names:
And now, what are invalid variable names that generate errors:
Values are assigned to variables using the = operator and can be printed using the print statement. Here's another modification to the hello.pl program:
#hello.pl - using variables
$hello_var = "Hello, world!\n";
print $hello_var;
In this example first the string "Hello, world!\n" (with \n being a newline) is assigned to the variable $hello_var and $hello_var is printed to standard output. Since $hello_var is a variable containing the string "Hello, world!\n", "Hello, world!\n" is printed. Variables can also be printed as part of a double quoted string, or concatenated together with other strings in the print statement.
To print the string "$hello_var" to standard output literally instead of the contents of the variable $hello_var we have the same possibilities that arose when we wanted to print the string "\n" literally instead of a newline: using a single quoted string instead, or placing a backslash before the value we want to print literally:
print "\$hello_var is $hello_var";
print '$hello_var is' . " $hello_var";
The first prints "$hello_var is Hello, world!" and then a newline (we didn't need to add the \n escape sequence at the end because the variable $hello_var already contained a newline) and the second example prints the same thing using a single quoted string concatenated with a double quoted string.
| Boolean Tests & Control Structures |
Most useful programs usually execute different code based on whether a given test returns true or false. The concept of having a script act differently based on whether something is true or false is a very important one in your future as a coder as you will find yourself implementing boolean tests into your programs with frequency of you pursue much of a future in coding at all.
One of the most commonly used features of the Perl language (and many other programming languages for that matter) is the concept of the 'if' control structure. The if control structure receives an expression, and if the expression is true it executes the block of code enclosed in {} braces directly after it. If the previous sentence seems confusing, don't worry -- after seeing some examples you'll find the if control structure easy to understand. Here is the basic syntax of the if control structure:
if (boolean_test) {
statements to execute
if boolean test is true
go here
For example, the following code tests to see if 5 > 3 (five is greater than three) and if it is prints the message "It's true...5 is greater than 3!", and then a newline:
if (5 > 3) {
print "It's true...5 is greater than 3!\n";
If we switched the 5 and the 3 so that it read "if (3>5) {...}", the print statement would _not_ be executed because 3 is _not_ greater than 5. The if control structure can be read in English simply as "if [test_here] then [code_to_execute_if_test_returns_true]". In this case, "if five is greater than three then print 'It's true...5 is greater than 3!'".
We aren't limited to using > in if conditional. We can test whether a number is less than, equal to, or not equal to another as well as performing other tests. In addition, we can specify multiple tests that must return true for the body of the control structure to execute. Some of the operators we could use are as follows:
== - equal to
> - greater than
< - less than
>= - greater than or equal to
<= - less than or equal to
!= - not equal to
|| - logical or
&& - logical and
These are fairly straightforward and can be implemented in the same fashion as > was in our example with the exception of the last two, which require an explanation.
||, logical or, is used when multiple tests are implemented in the if control structure. If any one of the tests joined together with the || operator(s) is true, then the expression as a whole returns true and the body of the if structure is executed. For example, the following executes the print statement if any of the tests 5 < 3, 4 < 7, or 10 < 9 is true:
if (5 < 3 || 4 < 7 || 10 < 9) {
print "One of the conditions was true\n";
&&, logical and, works the same way except all of the conditions must be true for the expression as a whole to return true. If you substitute all of the || operators in the previous example with && operators, the print function is _not_ executed as not all of the conditions were true (namely, 5 is not less than three and 10 is not less than 9). However, if we use the following the print statement _is_ executed:
if (3 < 5 && 4!=9 && 6>= 5 && 8 == 8) {
print "All of the conditions were true\n";
A useful variation of the if control structure is the if-else control structure. The if-else control structure functions in the same way as the if control structure but in addition to executing a block of code if the given condition is true, it executes an alternate block of code if the given condition is false. Example:
if (3 > 5) {
print "Three seems to be greater than five.\n";
else {
print "Well, three is not greater than five.\n";
In this example, the Perl interpreter first checks whether 3 > 5. As three is not greater than five, the interpreter skips over the rest of the if control structure. It then arrives at the else structure and seeing as 'else' specifies an alternate block of code to execute when the condition is false, the print statement declaring that three is not greater than five is executed.
So far we've seen two conditional control structures, if and if-else. There is, however, another widely used type of control structure that is used as a method of repitition - a loop. The first type of loop covered here is the while loop. This loop is given a test, similar to the if control structure, and while the test is true it continues to execute the block of code enclosed in braces. Here's an example:
$i = 0;
while ($i <= 10) {
print "$i is not more than 10\n";
$i = $i + 1;
This loop prints the following to standard output:
0 is not more than 10
1 is not more than 10
2 is not more than 10
3 is not more than 10
4 is not more than 10
5 is not more than 10
6 is not more than 10
7 is not more than 10
8 is not more than 10
9 is not more than 10
10 is not more than 10
How does this work? The while loop is given a condition -- $i <= 10. $i is set to 0 and zero is less than or equal to ten, so the body of loop is executed. The body of the loop consists of a print statement, and then assigns the variable $i a value of itself plus one. $i is now 1. As one is less than or equal to ten, the process repeats. This continues until the final iteration of the loop, when $i is 10. Ten is less than or equal to ten, so the block is again executed. Now $i is again assigned the value of itself plus one, which equals 11. As eleven is not less than or equal to ten, the body of the while loop is not executed and execution of the script continues past the while loop.
Note that Perl offers us a couple of commonly used shortcuts to rewrite the expression "$i = $i + 1". The first of these allows us to replace "$i = $i + n" with "$i += n" (where n is a number). This is not simply limited to adding a given amount to a variable though -- the same notation can be implemented for subtracting, multiplying, or dividing.
The following chart lists some expressions that can be rewritten with this shorter notation, and then shows the equivalent using Perl's +=/-=/*=//= shortcut.
Shorter Equivalent
$i = $i + 17
$i += 17
$j = $j * 12
$j *= 12
$a = $a / 27
$a /= 27
$k = $k + 3
$k += 3
$v = $v - 7
$v -= 7
Perl also offers a second shortcut that is used to add one or subtract one from a specific variable. The syntax for this shortcut is simply:
$variable++; #increments $variable
$variable--; #decrements $variable
Thus, we could rewrite the while loop used previous with "$i++" instead of "$i = $i + 1" and achieve the same result:
$i = 0;
while ($i <= 10) {
print "$i is not more than 10\n";
$i++; #we could also use $i += 1
The for/foreach loop is a bit trickier to understand than the while loop. The following is the same as our previous while loop that prints "$i is not more than 10\n" and then adds one to $i, but it is implemented with a for loop instead:
for ($i = 0; $i <= 10; $i++) {
print "$i is not more than 10\n";
The most confusing area is the line directly after the keyword "for", which in the while, if, and if/else control structures held a value that needed to return true for the body of the structure to be executed. In the for (and foreach, as we'll discuss in a moment) control structure, this area is broken down into three sections which are separated by semicolons.
The first section is where the counter variable is assigned a value. As the for loop is used primarily to repeat something a specific number of times, it usually uses a variable to keep track of how many times the body of the loop has been executed. In the while loop, we executed the body of the loop 11 times (0 -- 10) and used the $i variable to keep track of how many times we had iterated (gone through) the loop. The variable used for this purpose is referred to as the counter, as it counts the number of times we have iterated through the loop. In this case, the counter is $i and here it is assigned a value of 0:
for ($i = 0; $i <= 10; $i++) {
The second section of the above line, which begins immediately after the first semicolon and is terminated with the second semicolon, supplies the condition that must be met for the body of the loop to be executed. In this case, the variable $i must be less than or equal to ten ($i <= 10) for another iteration of the loop to take place.
The last of the three sections between the parentheses, which begins directly after the second (and final) semicolon, is the action that must be performed on the counter variable at the end of each iteration of the loop. In this case, 1 is added to the current value of $i ($i++).
Note that the variables used in the three different sections of the first line do not have to be the same; we could have used completely different variables such as:
for ($i = 0; $j <= 10; $k++)
However, this doesn't make much sense and defeats the purpose of the for loop, which is to have a cleaner and more organized way of iterating through a loop a specific number of times.
Also note that the foreach loop works exactly the same way as the for loop. The following accomplishes the same thing as the for and while loops we used before:
foreach($i = 0; $i <= 10; $i++) {
print "$i is not more than 10\n";
There are alternate uses for the for/foreach loop and we will cover them in upcoming sections.
Note that these are not the only control structures that Perl provides. You may also hear about or see the until and unless control structures. The until control structure is the exact opposite of a while loop: it executes its body as long as the condition it is given is false. The unless control structure is the opposite of the if control structure: it executes its body if the condition it is given is false. Finally, we'll also cover the if/elsif/else control structure later in this tutorial.
| Arrays |
We discussed scalar variables earlier -- scalar variables were one variable assigned one value. Now we'll discuss arrays, which are one variable assigned multiple values. Arrays will prove quite useful for organizing data, and although the idea of one variable with several values may sound like a confusing idea as well as one that isn't necessary, you'll soon see that it is actually quite easy to understand and quite useful. Following is a diagram that charts scalar variables and array variables, and how they are organized:
$variable ->
name ->
@array ->
"value 1"
"another value"
name ->
The first diagram shows the anatomy of a scalar variable. A variable, in this case one named $variable, is assigned a value, in this case the string "value". Simple enough; we've been doing that since almost the beginning of this tutorial.
The second diagram shows the anatomy of an array. A variable, in this case one named @array, is assigned multiple values, in this case "value 1", 27, "another value", and 34565. If you take a look at the bottom row, you'll notice that each value has an index number: the first value has an index of 0, the second value has an index of 1, the third an index of 2, and the fourth an index of 3. As an array variable can hold many values, we need a way to define which value we are referring to when we use the name of the array in our program. The index numbers assist us in this -- when we want to refer to an element of an array variable, we use the name of the array and the index number of the element. For example, we could refer to the string "another value", which is an element of the array @array, as "@array, index 2" (as that string has an index number of 2 in @array).
You may have noticed by now that the variable name is "@array" and not "$array". Array variables are prefixed with the @ symbol, while scalar variables are prefixed with the $ symbol. To confuse things even more, when we refer to an individual element of an array, we prefix the array name with $ and not @. This is because an individual element of an array is scalar data by itself, and when a variable holds one piece of data, scalar data, it is prefixed with $. When we are referring to the array as a whole, however, it holds several pieces of data, so we prefix it with @.
All this discussion is useless if we do not know how to implement it within our Perl scripts though. The following code is used to declare an array that holds the values "value one", "another value - value two", 39, and 908.
@new_array = ("value one", "another value - value two", 39, 908);
It was previously mentioned that a specific element of an array is accessed by using the name of the array and the index number of the element. How is that implemented in our Perl code though? Take a look at the following example:
print $new_array[0] . "\n";
This line prints the element at index 0 in @new_array concatenated with a newline (note that we used $new_array as opposed to @new_array, as a specific element of an array is by itself scalar data -- one piece of data). Thus, the above is the same as the line:
print "value one\n";
If you study the first example you'll be able to tell that to access an individual element of an array, we use the name of the array followed the index number, which is enclosed in square brackets. Once we've specified it's location, we can treat it similar to other scalar variables (if you're saying 'huh? But it's in an array, so it isn't a scalar variable!', the answer is that while it's in an array, it is a scalar variable by itself. This is an important concept to grasp, which is why I've repeated it several times :P)...perform mathematical expressions on it, assign it a value, print it, and perform a variety of other operations on it.
I mentioned earlier in this tutorial that the for/foreach loop had other uses and that I would cover them later on. "Later on" has arrived. It turns out that the for/foreach loop can be used to iterate through the elements of an array. The foreach loop is in this way close to English in that is says "foreach @array", which translates to "foreach element of @array". As an example, the following code is used to print each element of the array we used previously, @new_array:
foreach (@new_array) {
print $_;
There is one question concerning the above code that will probably arise, and it is worth an explanation -- you, the reader, are probably sitting there going "Wtf does '$_' mean?!" The answer is that in the above example, the current element of @new_array for each iteration is stored in $_.
If we wanted to change the variable name that this value was stored in, we would simply add the variable to store the value in immediately before the part of the first line that reads "(@new_array)". For example, the following code does the same thing as the last bit of code used to demonstrate the foreach loop but it stores the current element of the array in $a_var as opposed to $_:
foreach $a_var (@new_array) {
print $a_var;
| Input |
So far we've seen how to send data to standard output, but receiving input from users is often a requirement for a useful script. This is actually a fairly easy task in Perl. The following example receives some input from a user and stores it in the variable $teh_inputz0r:
chomp($teh_inputz0r = <STDIN>
<STDIN> is the main component here. The less than and greater than symbols denote a file handle to be used and "STDIN" is the name of the file handle (in this case, standard input; yes, standard input is represented as a file). An understanding of how file handles work is not needed to understand standard input though, and file handles will not be covered in this tutorial. In other words, <STDIN> represents standard input, which is usually input received from the keyboard. In this case, we're assigning the input to a variable, $teh_inputz0r ($teh_inputz0r = <STDIN>.
The chomp function simply removes the ending newline of a string. When the user enters text that is assigned to $teh_inputz0r, it is terminated with a newline. The chomp function removes that trailing newline from the string.
| Wrapping It Up |
I've decided to release my Perl tutorial in several parts. This is part one, and part two, along with a possible part three, will introduce more concepts such as hashes, functions, regular expressions, sockets, and more. This tutorial should have provided a very basic, although not quite complete, introduction to Perl and my future tutorials will build upon that. Expect them to be out in not too long.
I've decided to add an extra feature to this tutorial to demonstrate some very basic ways the information presented in this tutorial can be used. This is a simple script that covers most of the topics introduced in this text. It receives several numbers as input from the user and finds the average of them. Note that before it does this, it asks the user to enter how many numbers they will be entering. This is a (somewhat simple) example example of what arrays can do that simple scalar variables can not. Here's the script:
# Finds the average of numbers entered by the users
print "This script allows you to enter however many numbers you choose and then finds the mean of those numbers. How many numbers will you be entering? ";
chomp ($count = <STDIN>
for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
print "Enter number: ";
chomp ($num = <STDIN>
push @num_array, $num
foreach (@num_array) {
$average += $_;
$average /= $count;
print "The average is $average.\n";
# The end.
I hope you enjoyed this tutorial and learned something from it. Won't be long until part two's here!
/* Edit: it appears that the formatting got a little messed up. I'll try to fix that. */


text:
The Insidious Effects of Trauma and PTSD
Summer 2012
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often thought about in the setting of war and the military, but there are numerous other high-risk groups and types of traumatic experiences that may precipitate PTSD. In fact, studies suggest 20-40% of HIV-positive people meet criteria for PTSD, which is two to four times higher than in the general population.1-3
Larry's Case
Larry is a 43-year-old, successful accountant who has been living with HIV for the past 10 years. He has had a stably suppressed viral load since starting antiretroviral treatment seven years ago. He comes to the clinic for a routine care visit. Before his exam, I review his chart and am surprised to see his viral load is now 1,750 copies/mL. Larry is unshaven and seems distant when I greet him. He appears unsettled and fidgety, which is highly uncharacteristic.
What Is PTSD?
PTSD is a severe anxiety disorder that can occur in people who have experienced major psychological distress, or trauma, as a result of a serious adverse life event. These events typically involve concern for serious injury or death, or a threat to physical safety. They invoke a response of horror, intense fear, and a sense of helplessness.
PTSD Symptoms
These psychological, emotional, and physical symptoms are normal responses after experiencing a traumatic event. When symptoms last for longer than one month and interfere with social and/or occupational functioning, however, a diagnosis of PTSD is considered. Not everyone who experiences traumatic events will go on to develop PTSD, which occurs in roughly one out of five people following trauma.
Symptoms are further classified as "acute" if present for less than three months, and "chronic" if they last longer than three months. PTSD is described as "with delayed onset" if symptoms begin six months or longer after the traumatic event occurs. This is less common, as most people diagnosed with PTSD experience symptom onset shortly after the traumatic event.
Trauma, PTSD and HIV
The lifetime occurrence of traumatic events is incredibly common among HIV-positive people -- greater than 90% of individuals have experienced at least one in a range of events (see sidebar). The diagnosis of HIV itself may serve as a traumatic event. Other traumatic events include physical and sexual abuse, experienced by roughly 50% of people living with HIV, or other childhood and adult events involving the individual and/or family and loved ones, especially parents, children, and spouses or partners.
In one larger study, the average number of different traumatic events experienced by people living with HIV was three, with some having experienced as many as 12 distinct types of events.4 Individuals who have experienced traumatic events are at increased risk of future traumatic events -- commonly referred to as "re-victimization."
Despite the high frequency of childhood physical and sexual abuse and other traumatic life events in their HIV-positive patients, most clinicians do not routinely screen for PTSD.
Larry's Diagnosis
When I initially probe as to what's going on, Larry gives a dismissive response and assures me everything is okay. Upon further questioning, he breaks down and explains that a new boss at work reminds him of an uncle who abused him as a child. He's been feeling angry, agitated, and has had difficulty concentrating at work. He's not sleeping well and is plagued by intrusive thoughts about the abuse he experienced as a child. He feels distant from his partner and out of touch with his emotions. Larry needs help.
Effects of Trauma and Stress on HIV-Positive People
Traumatic life events have important implications for health behaviors and outcomes in people living with HIV. A number of studies have shown the damaging impact of PTSD on medication adherence, sexual risk behaviors, and HIV disease progression.1-4
A robust collection of literature has linked traumatic life events, even in the absence of PTSD, with a range of unhealthy behaviors and outcomes. It shows that people who experience a higher number of distinct traumatic life events are more likely to engage in unprotected sex, be non-adherent to their antiretroviral medications, go to an emergency room or become hospitalized, and report lower overall health and well being, with greater risk for HIV disease progression.
Stressful life events are also incredibly common among HIV-positive people, especially those who have experienced past traumatic events. Day-to-day stress -- like that related to finances, relationships, employment, safety, life transitions, and legal issues -- has a major impact on health and behaviors.5 That includes things such as foreclosure, not having money to pay bills, separation from a spouse or partner, being burglarized, or being arrested and put in jail or prison.
As seen with lifetime trauma and PTSD, people living with HIV that experience stressful life events are more likely to engage in unprotected sex, not take antiretroviral medications as prescribed, and experience viral load failure. This is magnified in the setting of past traumatic events, leading many to advocate for routine trauma and PTSD screening as a normal component of HIV clinical care -- particularly because several brief tools are available to conduct such assessments.3
Mental Illness, Substance Abuse, Trauma and PTSD
It is widely recognized that mental illness, especially depression and substance abuse, are common conditions in people living with HIV. Similarly, the relationships between depression, substance abuse, and adverse health-related behaviors and outcomes are equally well known.
Perhaps less commonly discussed is the overlap between trauma, PTSD, mental illness, and substance abuse, which is extremely common and of concern on numerous levels. Namely, each of these conditions is linked to unhealthy behaviors and unfavorable outcomes on their own. When combined, the impact is even further exacerbated. Moreover, as observed in those with PTSD, difficulty in establishing trust and utilizing social support may interfere with care-seeking and management of mental illness and substance abuse.1
To date, studies have shown that these relationships are incredibly complex and that it is not easy to untangle the roles of trauma, PTSD, mental illness, and substance abuse in terms of how they interact and lead to negative health effects.1-4 Research has tried to better understand the relationships between these common co-occurring conditions. Do childhood traumatic events predispose someone to depression and substance abuse? Do past traumatic events and PTSD negatively impact health behaviors and outcomes by way of increased risk for new stressful life events and re-victimization? Or is reoccurrence of trauma and PTSD perhaps due to a higher frequency of mental illness and substance abuse? While there may not be definitive answers, it is clear that these conditions commonly co-occur and when they do, their adverse impact on health and well being are increased.
This article was provided by Positively Aware. It is a part of the publication Positively Aware. Visit Positively Aware's website to find out more about the publication.
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PROHIBITION-ERA EUPHEMISMS FOR ALCOHOL Here are some of the more famous. . .Romulan ale
That's insane, I say. I can't masturbate to a picture of myself.
Quote from: Bill Cosby on January 3, 2006, 01:11 AMThat's insane, I say. I can't masturbate to a picture of myself. If I had a dollar for everytime I thought that...
WTF is this thread about?
I am surprised to learn that they have never heard of Fruit Brute, which featured a werewolf. They have never heard of Yummy Mummy, who was a mummy who was fruit flavored. I wonder if they really have any business running a "cereal adventure" cafe at all.
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University of Ottawa: Desmarais Building
55 Laurier Ave. E.
Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5
Bring your kids! Fill your ancient passport; activities for all ages! Learn to write in ancient Greek or Egyptian Hieroglyphics, learn to tie a proper Roman toga, participate in a Greek mythology scavenger hunt and a mini excavation! A small reception will be offered to fuel your quest for knowledge!
Beginning at eleven o'clock in the morning on Saturday, October 5, 2013, the AIA Ottawa Chapter, the Ontario Archaeological Society and the Museum of Classical Antiquities will be hosting various activities, student lectures and a special keynote lecture by André Miller in celebration of International Archaeology Day. Activity participants will be issued an 'ancient passport' to collect stamps following each activity. Some activities include: artefact washing, writing in Greek and Hieroglyphics, ceramics reconstruction, miniature excavations, a scavenger hunt and pictures taken in properly wrappped togas! All activities will take place on the ground floor of the Desmarais building at the University of Ottawa (55 Laurier Ave. E.) Activities will run until one o'clock.
From one o'clock until two o'clock, the AIA Ottawa Chapter will be hosting the annual 'From the Ground Up' lecture series in Desmarais 1120. Presentations will be given by students from Carleton University and the University of Ottawa concerning their summer excavation experiences. Following student lectures, a fifteen-minute reception will be hosted in the Desmarais lobby by the Ontario Archaeological Society. At two-fifteen, the keynote lecture will be given by André Miller entitled 'Where the Past Meets the Present: Overview of Local and Regional Archaeology".
There are no costs associated with these events and we look forward to seeing everyone there!
AIA Tours


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Take the mess out of managing your candidate pipeline with everything you need to build an efficient and scalable recruiting process, all in one place.
Build a world-class team with leading tools for proactively finding, engaging, and hiring top passive candidates.
Move into the speed of modern recruiting with intuitive workflows, smart automation, and five-click scheduling.
Our customers achieve extraordinary results.
Since implementing Lever, Medallia has seen a 2x increase in coordinator productivity, increased sourced hires by 43 percent and made 2 hires through Nurture Recommendations. Finally, they have increased their candidate NPS® by a whopping 33 percent.Read more about Medallia in our case study >
Since investing in Lever, BPM has saved $900,000 in agency fees and proactively sourced 40% of their hires. They've also doubled their rate of feedback form completion, allowing the team to make more holistic hiring decisions and improve their quality of hire—leading to 80% less turnover within employees' first year.Read more about BPM in our case study >
From 2014 to 2017, Shopify grew from 550 to more than 2,000 employees. In the last two years, they have made 387 hires through proactive sourcing, including 110 hard-to-fill roles. Finally, Shopify has doubled their candidate response rate to cold outreach from 21% to 42% since rolling out Lever Nurture.Read more about Shopify in our case study >
Since implementing Lever, Nortal has reduced their average time to fill from 87 days to 30 while decreasing agency spend by 50%. They also screened 1500 university students in 3 weeks, making 43 hires.Read more about Nortal in our case study >
A great candidate experience often begins with an intuitive application process. "Now that we use Lever, we receive numerous comments to our inbox saying 'Hey, I've just applied for X role. I wanted to let you know that was one of the best application experiences I've ever had,'" says Adam. After using other clunky systems in the market, candidates find the ease of Lever refreshing.Read more about KPMG in our case study >
The SHYFT Analytics team has hired 50% of all employees through referrals, and 76% of SHYFT employees are active Lever users. In total, the team has grown by 5x since in investing in Lever—hiring 110 new employees to date.Read more about Shyft in our case study >
Building out templates in conjunction with their Easy Book links allows me to schedule 50 interviews in a few clicks of the mouse. It's absolutely brilliant.
Ease of use, intuitive navigation, easy to train new hires on.
Nice default reports, easy to customize to get exactly what you're looking for.
Great product. We're hiring faster than ever.
From the very beginning, Lever was high-touch and hands-on with their implementation. This made what I thought would be the hardest part of the process very easy.
Great UI, very intuitive. Far easier to get hiring managers to use a product that operates so easily.
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Rest easy with advanced access controls and analytics, self-service configurability, compliance support, 99.99% historical uptime, and more.


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Arsenal vs Tech 9 [Full 30 Min Rap Battle Footage]
*Lions Den Exclusive*
Heres the full 30 minute battle. Edited by 1st Ave Productions
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Australian Government gazettes
This page provides information about the current series of Australian Government gazettes.
- Government Notices Gazette
- Public Service Gazette
- Government purchasing
- Business Gazette
- Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) Gazette
- Tariff Concessions Gazette
- Chemical Gazette
- APVMA Gazette
- Food Standards Gazette
- Finding older Commonwealth of Australia Gazettes
Government Notices Gazette
Government Notices Gazette
The Government Notices Gazette is solely published electronically on Federal Register of Legislation (ComLaw) as individual notices and are available immediately on publication. Gazette notices contain a range of information about legislation, including proclamations and notices of Commonwealth government departments and Courts, and other notices required under Commonwealth law.
Contact us: Federal Register of Legislation (ComLaw)
Phone: (02) 6272 1350
Calling from overseas: +61 2 6272 1350
Public Service Gazette
The APSjobs website incorporates the electronic APS Employment Gazette. Some sections of the APSjobs website do not form part of the gazette.
Public Service Gazette
Published daily by the Australian Public Service Commission. The Gazette includes notices of examination, APS employment opportunities, APS staff movements, promotions and terminations of employment, as well as employment opportunities and staff movements in the Parliamentary Service.
Email: email@example.com
Phone: 02 6202 3559
Government purchasing
The Australian Government's procurement information system, AusTender, provides centralised publication of Australian Government business opportunities, annual procurement plans, multi-use lists and contracts awarded.
Business opportunities
For all Commonwealth Government Non-corporate Commonwealth entities (agencies) under the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 (PGPA Act), AusTender is the central point for mandatory publication of all publicly available Commonwealth Government business opportunities. Some Corporate Commonwealth entities (agencies) also have publishing obligations. Links to state and territory government business opportunities are also available on the AusTender website.
Contract notices and standing offer notices
For all Commonwealth Government Non-corporate Commonwealth entities (agencies) under the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 (PGPA Act), notices of procurement contracts with a value of $10,000 or above the reporting threshold must be reported on AusTender. Some Corporate Commonwealth entities (agencies) are required to publish on AusTender standing offer arrangements as well as contracts over $400,000 for procurements other than construction services or $7.5 million for construction services.
The Department of Finance provides information about Australian Government procurement on the Finance website.
For further information contact:
Email: email@example.com
Phone: AusTender Help Desk on 1300 651 698
Business Gazette
Business Gazette
The Business Gazette is published each Tuesday, except for the first and last weeks of the year, by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). It contains private company notices advertised by companies under the Corporations Act 2001 and the Copyright Act 1968
For further information contact:
Email: email@example.com
Fax: 03 5177 3890
Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) Gazette
ASIC Gazette
The ASIC Gazette is published each Tuesday and Friday by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). It contains instruments, notices of variation, changes of company type, company reinstatements and company deregistrations.
For further information contact:
Email: email@example.com
Fax: 03 9280 3337
Tariff Concessions Gazette
Tariff Concessions Gazette
The Tariff Concessions Gazette is published each Wednesday by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection. It gives legal effect to the creation of a number of legislative instruments such as a By-Law, Tariff Concession Order (TCO), TCO Revocation or a Determination. It also provides an avenue to identify, advise and provide information on a number of tariff concession issues.
For further information contact:
Phone: 02 6198 7289
Fax: 02 6198 7203
Chemical Gazette
Chemical Gazette
The Chemical Gazette is published on the first Tuesday of each month by the National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS). It contains information regarding changes to NICNAS legislation, newly assessed chemicals and the Register of Industrial Chemical Introducers.
For further information contact:
Phone: 02 8577 8800
APVMA Gazette
APVMA Gazette
The APVMA Gazette is published fortnightly, in electronic form only, by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA). It contains details of the registration of agricultural and veterinary chemical products and other approvals granted by the APVMA, notices and related legislation as required by the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Code (the Agvet Code) and a range of regulatory material issued by the APVMA.
For further information contact:
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: 02 6210 4988
Food Standards Gazette
Food Standards Gazette
The Food Standards Gazette is published throughout the year by Food Standards Australia New Zealand. Each gazette is sequentially numbered and includes all amendments to the Food Standards Code since the last such gazette. It is accessible online only.
For further information contact:
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Address: Information Officer, Food Standards Australia New Zealand, PO Box 7186, Canberra BC ACT 2610
Finding older Commonwealth of Australia gazettes
If the gazette you are looking for is older and not listed on one of the current gazette websites, you can find libraries where you can access older issues.
GovPubs: the Australian Government Publications Guide's Gazettes page lists the various series of gazettes published since 1901. Choosing the relevant series will allow you to locate a copy in your nearest library. Alternately, the National Library of Australia (NLA) holds copies of all gazettes and operates a Copies Direct Service where you can order copies of articles, documents, photographs, maps, etc.


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The 30 Rock actor wasn't cracking jokes during a two-hour trip to see the Occupy Wall Street protesters in Zuccotti Park Tuesday night. Instead, Alec Baldwin got into debates over the Federal Reserve with protestors who wanted to school him on the bank (and why they thought it should be closed).
"I'm aware of what the Fed is," he defended at the 2:57 mark.
Baldwin considered the crowd's demands, but said he's afraid ending the Federal Reserve, as some protesters are calling for, could hurt capital markets in the U.S. and make the state of the country worse. He declined to endorse Ron Paul.
He did criticize the Securities and Exchange Commission, saying the SEC "doesn't do anything. They're in the pockets of the banks."
Banks like Capitol One, for instance, which Baldwin appeared in commercials for? Though the protesters criticized him for his big banking ties, Baldwin said on Twitter, "I donated all of my fee from Capital One 2 arts charities. They have been gr8 partners in my support of the arts."
Brother Billy Baldwin also turned up to support the Occupy Wall Street Protesters.
(H/T The Atlantic Wire)


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Investor demand, large and small, put a floor on home prices after the housing crash and ignited a recovery. While institutional investors made up a small percentage of those home buyers, they have garnered the most attention because of the bulk purchases they made and because they are a new entrant to the housing market. The concern now is what will happen if and when they decide to pull out?
Investor demand really started in Phoenix, Las Vegas and the hardest hit parts of California. Blackstone's Invitation Homes, American Homes 4 Rent, Colony Capital and American Residential Properties, to name a few, came in armed with billions of dollars in cash.
They bought thousands of distressed properties, and when the bargains began to dry up, they moved east to Atlanta, Charlotte, N.C., and Chicago. While there are no exact numbers available, institutional investors have purchased well over 100,000 homes, which is still a very small percentage of investor-owned homes in the United States.
Despite that share, economists and housing experts are concerned. In a survey of these experts, Zillow found that 79 percent believe that if investors pulled out of the housing market this year, then there would be a "significant" or "somewhat significant" impact on the markets where that demand had been highest.


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Coping with a double closure
Wick's World
According to my wife, I've closed down more bars in my youth as I have cupboard doors after cooking in the kitchen. The most exciting and draining closings in my life occurred last Wednesday. At 11 a.m. my wife and I closed on selling our house in Eagan. By 3 p.m. that same day we began closing on our new house in, you guessed it, Eagan. We held the largest check we ever received in our hands for less than four hours.
We had to have the home we were selling totally empty and clean by 10 a.m. We could not unload so much as a suitcase at our newest home until 5 p.m. For a few hours, we were stuck in a situation called homeless. Well, technically we still have our home in Moose Lake where I spent part of my week, but for a short time we were in Eagan caught in between two houses. You see the dilemma — what to do with our possessions?
The solution was rather simple. For a mere $80 a day and $1 per mile we could rent a 26-foot long Penske truck. With the help of our friend Butch, his son Shawn, and son-in law Jason, we began loading up the van Monday afternoon. By the way, the three men I was fortunate to have as help were big enough and strong enough to qualify for the NFL, NBA or mud wrestling — the 6'4", 230-pound type.
My wife and I were certain the entire house would be loaded in a matter of hours. I would order pizza and beer and pay the guys with as many $50 bills as I felt each deserved. By Tuesday evening, we planned to load only one last mattress and go to a movie, anxiously awaiting the move to our new home.
In reality, this is what happened: Monday was muggy, the temperature was hovering near 90 degrees and the 26-foot truck turned out to be 26 feet too short. By the time we had the truck filled, Butch sat down to his pizza and beer and said, "Wick, this is heart attack stuff!"
How we ever accumulated so much crap in the four years we spent in that house is beyond me. The fact that we still have our large four-bedroom home in Moose Lake fully furnished and full of stuff is beyond comprehension.
The Penske guy let out a loud belly laugh over the phone when I asked if they had another 26-footer available.
"How much stuff do you guys have?" he asked. "We have a 22-footer available if you're willing to set out your extra junk on the curb," he joked.
On Tuesday morning I called my friends, Bart and Julie, in South Dakota. They had planned to help us set up our new house that weekend. I left a message on Bart's cell phone, "S.O.S. Bart. I need you guys now. I still have another truck to load!"
The extra help arrived; we filled the 22-footer, missed the movie and departed with our curbside clean.
Although we did everything possible to avoid two closures on the same day, it turned out to be a blessing in disguise. Without that huge check available to apply directly to our new purchase, we would have suffered a larger interest rate, bigger fees, extra paperwork, and most importantly a much larger monthly payment.
We moved less than five miles east on Cliff Road to our new home on Fritz Lake and about as rural as one can get in the metropolitan area. My neighbor greeted me with, "Hi, I'm Jeff. See that water line by the curb? That's the property line and you're standing on my property."
We looked at each other and both laughed as loud as if we were two old friends. I think someday we will be.
"Yep, you guys are going to fit right in the neighborhood," Jeff said.
"I think you guys are, too," I replied.


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Can "How to Survive a Plague" Reinvigorate Youth AIDS Activism?
October 4, 2012
On September 21st, the documentary "How to Survive a Plague" was released to universal acclaim, with activists and reviews calling it one of the most powerful documentaries in history. The film, directed by David France, chronicles the creation of ACT-UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power), the country's first AIDS activist group, and the country's response -- or the lack thereof -- to the disease during the beginning of the AIDS pandemic in the 80s and 90s.
A number of reviews have drawn parallels between ACT-UP and Occupy Wall Street, citing both movements' composite mixture of college grads and college-aged individuals already steeped in social justice politics; for ACT-UP, the burgeoning gay civil rights movement (the acronym "LGBT" would not be born for nearly another two decades), and for Occupy, the equally nascent movement calling for the dismantling of (unilateral) capital flows that strangle the middle and lower classes.
And surprisingly or not, director David France has welcomed these comparisons, crediting Occupy for its ACT-UP-esque protests and refusing to write-off Occupy as a diminishing one-trick pony.
"Occupy, at its first anniversary, is not too different than ACT UP was at its first anniversary. We see at the beginning of How to Survive a Plague a movement that began as just an opposition movement. We see them pour out into the streets at City Hall and just flop down in the road ... I know that a lot has been said about Occupy's lack of demands, its inability to focus on a message beyond this 99 percent idea, and I think if we look at the history of ACT UP, it would caution us to be more patient with Occupy and to allow the people on the ground to develop an idea of, not just what they don't want, but what they do want."
These comparisons have led many to wonder: can Occupy and the reinvigoration of youth-led activism can help spark youth involvement in AIDS activism? While there are a number of youth-based organizations involved in AIDS activism, such as C2EA (Campaign to End AIDS), it appears that a reinvigoration is needed. There has been counterintuitive rise in HIV among youth and a lessened vigilance to safe-sex, and in one especially eye-opening NPR story, one respondent wrote on Facebook that having sex with someone who is HIV-positive is analogous to having sex with someone with a cold. Similarly, while HIV testing among youth is actually rising, condom use is simultaneously declining, with young MSM of color engaging in riskier behaviors.
Instead of standardized curricula, perhaps schools should schedule a field trip for students to learn more about the global pandemic of HIV/AIDS, and how a collective of determined and dedicated individuals helped change the discussion and ultimately, the course of AIDS in the United States and the world. It may just be the spark that leads us toward an AIDS free generation.
Want to get involved with Housing Works' youth programs? Great! Find us on Twitter at @HWYouth to learn about programs, events, and activities.
This article was provided by Housing Works. It is a part of the publication Housing Works AIDS Issues Update. Visit Housing Works' website to find out more about their activities, publications and services.
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Free-agent tight end Martellus Bennett came to the conclusion last month that he was nothing more than a "temporary investment" to the New York Giants, but the team reportedly wants him around.
|Take a look at the top players who will be available when free agency opens on March 12.
Ralph Vacchiano of the New York Daily News cited a team source Friday to report the Giants do, in fact, hope to re-sign Bennett before NFL free agency opens Tuesday afternoon. Bennett was correct to note that he was never the front office's top priority -- locking down left tackle Will Beatty for another five years was item No. 1 -- but Vacchiano reported the Giants want to keep their core together.
Kevin Boothe also is a target for re-signing, according to the newspaper, but if deals can't be reached, the Giants are prepared to seek out affordable backups. New York is roughly $9 million under the salary cap, but Vacchiano reported $6 million to $7 million likely will be tied up in restricted free agent tenders to running back Andre Brown, safety Stevie Brown and receiver Victor Cruz.
The Giants are coming off a disappointing season, but everything we've heard from coach Tom Coughlin to general manager Jerry Reese suggests the "R" word is being shunned. The Giants aren't rebuilding, but they aren't about to overpay for their supporting cast.
UPDATE: The Daily News reported Saturday the Giants are making a "late push" to sign Bennett, which is one of their top goals this offseason. The sides have talked several times in the past few days and plan to keep negotiating leading up to the start of free agency on Tuesday.
Follow Marc Sessler on Twitter @MarcSesslerNFL.


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Plane makes emergency landing on highway after engine failure
The aircraft lost power and experienced engine failure
The aircraft lost power and experienced engine failure
A plane crashed Saturday afternoon after making an emergency landing on a highway in Muskogee, Oklahoma.
The pilot said First Alert Storm Chaser Chase Rutledge, who responded to the crash while flying for the National Guard, that he was over Oklahoma from out of state when his plane lost power and experienced engine failure. He contacted several people and tried to fly to the Muskogee Airfield.
When the pilot realized the plane wouldn't make it to the airfield, he decided to attempt an emergency landing on Highway 64 in Muskogee. As he made an emergency landing on the highway, a wing hit a road sign, causing the plane to crash.
The pilot and a passenger are OK, Rutledge said.


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Zero Motorcycles has submitted a recall with the NHTSA that includes units from its entire line-up, built for the 2011 & 2012 model years. The issue stems from a faulty brake light switch, which may not illuminate the rear brake light when the front brake lever is pressed without strong force.
The recall affects 450 units of Zero Motorcycles' on-road units, which includes the following machines: 2011-2012 Zero DS, 2011 Zero MXD, 2011-2012 Zero S, 2012 Zero X, 2011 Zero XD, 2011-2012 Zero XU. Because the brake light may not illuminate while the motorcycles are under braking, Zero Motorcycles will recall the affected units starting around July 16th.


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Moderator: Tech Team
KEYOGI wrote:http://www.conquerclub.com/mapmaker/
Test the coordinates by putting in the image url and selecting the xml from a location on your computer/network.
Or if you need the xml online, just use some free file hosting site.
and it hasn't for many, many months.thenobodies80 wrote:Doesn't work
Users browsing this forum: No registered users


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A Rigorous Study of Deep Copy in PHP
In this post, we will go through the process of deep copying a PHP variable in user land (i.e., in pure PHP) step by step, describing the challenges facing every step, resolving them and going forward.
(TL;DR: check this Github gist for the final solution)
The Challenges
There are three particular challenges for solving the deep copy problem in PHP:
- Some things simply can not be copied (e.g., resources like file handles, and objects like MySQLi instances)
- References are invisible in PHP. They can only be set in PHP, and accessing them will automatically dereference them.
- Everything is deep copied by default in PHP, except objects. They are shallow copied.
Now we will tackle these challenges one by one. Let's start with the one liner solution:
function deep_copy(&$variable) { return unserialize(serialize($variable)); }
This one-liner, is the best easy deep copy solution we can find. It deep copies objects, handles references and even circular references (as long as all referenced targets are available in $variable, otherwise their value will be used), and is pretty fast and straightforward.
The only problem with this method will be visible when one takes a look at the internal PHP code:


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The candidates for each ward in the upcoming local elections have been declared.
Twenty of all council seats are up, with the seat in 19 of the borough's 20 wards which won the lowest amount of votes a the all-out elections under threat.
The only ward without a seat available is Ridgeway.
The poll will take place on Thursday, May 22 between 7am and 10pm.
The candidates, in alphabetical order, are as follows:
- Phil Beaumont, Labour
- Andrew Day, Green Party
- Clive Hooper, Liberal Democrats
- Ross Shugar, UK Independence Party
- Steve Weisinger, Conservatives (incumbent)
- Tim French, Conservatives
- Junab Ali, Labour (incumbent)
- Nick Kearns, Independent
- Imtiyaz Shaikh, Liberal Democrats
- Brian Stone, UKIP
Chisledon & Lawn (Mike Bawden steps down)
- Irene Cooke, Labour
- Raymond James, Liberal Democrats
- Jenny Jefferies, UKIP
- Eric Shaw, Conservatives
- Paul Sunners, Green Party
Covingham & Dorcan
- Brian Osbourn, UKIP
- Kevin Parry, Conservatives
- Julian Price, Labour (incumbent)
- Chantelle Smith, Green Party
- David Bell, Conservatives
- Emma Bushell, Labour
- Terry Davis, UKIP
- Bull Hughes, Green Party
- Dave Wood, Liberal Democrat (incumbent)
Gorse Hill & Pinehurst (Rochelle Russell steps down)
- Ed Gillams, Conservative
- Ian Robertson, UKIP
- Carol Shelley, Labour
- Steve Thompson, Green Party
- Maura Clarke, Labour
- Ed Gerrard, UKIP
- Garry Perkins, Conservatives
- Garry Porter, Liberal Democrats
- Graham Cherry, Conservatives
- David Miles, Green Party
- Derique Montaut, Labour (incumbent)
- Hannah Pajak McCance, Liberal Democrat
- Bob Sheppard, UKIP
Lydiard & Freshbrook (Michael Dickinson steps down)
- John Lenton, UKIP
- Jamal Miah, Labour
- Livio Pavone, Green Party
- Christopher Shepherd, Liberal Democrat
- Tim Swinyard, Conservatives
Mannington & Western
- Geoffrey King, Liberal Democrat
- James Robbins, Labour (incumbent)
- Caryl Ann Sydney-Smith, Conservatives
- Lincoln Williams, UKIP
- Claire Ellis, Sonservatives
- Deborah King, Liberal Democrat
- John Short, UKIP
- Nadine Watts, Labour (incumbent)
- Bob Herbitage, Green Party
- Harriet Maltby, Conservatives
- David Rowland, UKIP
- Joseph Tray, Labour (incumbent)
- Michelle Agostino, Labour
- Emma Faramarzi, Conservatives (incumbent)
- Margaret Hooper, Liberal Democrat
- Balbir Singh, UKIP
Rodbourne Cheney
- Simon Fairbourn, Green Party
- Di Rodgers, Conservatives
- Peter Thompson-Watt, UKIP
- Peter Watts, Labour (incumbent)
- Steph Excell, Labour
- James Farr, Liberal Democrat
- Ken Kimber, Green Party
- Mary Martin, Conservatives
- Richard Symonds, independent
- Chris Tyler, UKIP
St Andrews (two seats)
- Gary Belben, UKIP
- Mary Friend, Conservatives (incumbent)
- Tony Garrett, UKIP
- John Keepin, Labour
- Gemma McCracken, Conservatives
- Jason Mills, Labour
- Margaret Mistry, Liberal Democrats
St Margaret & South Marston
- James Faulkner, UKIP
- Colin Lovell, Conservatives (incumbent)
- Clive Puckey, Liberal Democrat
- Christopher Watts, Labour
- Abdul Amin, Labour (incumbent)
- Pavlos Chatzinopoulos, Social Democratic Party
- Kathleen McCarthy, Liberal Democrat
- Jennifer Miles, Green Party
- Emily Pryor, Conservatives
- Melanie Stanbury, UKIP
Wroughton & Wichelstowe
- Georgina Akers, Liberal Democrat
- Wayne Crabbe, Conservatives (incumbent)
- Paul Dixon, Labour
- Talis Kimberly, Green Party
- John Francis, independent
- Susan Short, UKIP


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OK, here we go !
Firefox extensions !
First off let's start with the basics.
What is FireFox ?
Firefox is a browser. An open-source browser actually, which you can use with Windows, Linux and Mac OS. It is better then most current browsers out there, such as IE, MyIE2 or others because it provides more features to secure your online surfing and allows you to do more while surfing online. It also allows you to use so called "Extensions", very small files you install to enhance your FireFox. Right now there are 195 extensions out there, i will cover the ones that benefit you the most.
The main reason why Firefox is better then Microsoft's Internet Explorer (currently most used out there) is because firefox is more secure. It is not integrated windows, that prevents viruses and crackers to do damage to Windows directly like over IE. It has also more less vulenrabilities than IE.
More reasons to use Firefox are:
Built in pop-up blocker: (Who likes those pop-ups anyways)
Download Manager: No 3rd party software needed to pause/resume downloads.
Tab Browsing: Who likes many IE widnows open ? I know i don't, i'd rather have one window open and a lot fo tabs in there. Uses less resources too.
Privacy/Options: Easy to navigate Options to clear password, history, cache etc. Themes also available (For those who like to customize their browser.)
Copied text: When copying text from firefox and pasting it into notepad, it keeps the same format as on the website.'
Security: IE is the most targeted browser for malicious programs, plu-ins etc, using Firefox can save you a headache.
One more thing included in Firefox is Talkback. It is a client application and server which asks you to send information to mozilla if your FireFox crashes, with that you can help them to improve the next update of Firefox.
Now to extensions !
What is an extension.
As i said before, it is a small file downloaded and added to firefox to enhance your firefox. The best thing is, that you can only download the ones you need so Firefox stays small and fast.
How to install extensions?
Click on the link to the extension and let it download! After it finishes, just close FireFox and open it again ! Now click on the toobar and click Customize, find the icon that co-responds to the extension you installed and drag it onto the toolbar !
Cookie Culler
It's a add-on that allows you to protect the cookies you want to keep and delete the rest. It's kind of an extended and better version of the Cookie Manager that comes with FireFox. It adds a protection system to it.
You can download the Cookie Culler here: http://mozdev.sweetooth.org/cookiecu...eculler1.02.xp
After downloading and installing it: Click on the Cookie Culler icon you added on your toolbar: It will list all cookies you have, if you want to protect a cookie, just click on it and click protect, a YES should appear under the "Protected" category. Why protect cookies, simple: It may contain private data. You may wanna keep a cookie that is for AO but delete all the rest, simply protect the one you want and delete the rest with cookie culler !
SwitchProxy Tool 0.9
It's an add-on that allows you to switch through multiple proxy configurations while surfing the net in time intervals, and with that protect yourself and your PC from eyes looking for easy victims. What a proxy does is it sends your request for a webpage through the proxy server and asks the proxy server to get the website for you, that way your IP and privacy stay better protected. If you're working with multiple proxies this is perfect for you, it allows you to swtich between them with a mouse click, it also helps you organize them easily. You can add/edit/remove a proxy from the master list.
Download here: http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.o...witchproxy.xpi
After installing a toolbar should appear on your firefox browser. The rest is easy !
X is a toolbar that allows you to remove private and sensitive data such as stored passwords, cookies, history, saved form info, history and cache (both HDD and memory).
Download here: http://downloads.us-east3.mozdev.org/cdn/x/x.xpi
SecurePassword Generator
Who doesn't want a secure password for their account right? With this, creating a secure password i easy, you can select if it should contain lower/upper case letter, the lenghts of the password or if it should be alpha-numeric. If it's hard for you to remember passwords, this add-on can create something called Mnemonic Passwords, Mnemonic Passwords are passwords easy to remember beceause with the use of vowels they look like real words.
Download Here: http://jgillick.nettripper.com/secur...d.xpi?rand=169
Nuke Anything & Nuke Image
Also two very nice ones to have, you can remove any object from a page's layout with Nuke Anything, or you could remove an image from the layout via the context menu !
Nuke Anything: http://ted.mielczarek.org/code/mozilla/nukeanything.xpi
Nuke Image: http://ted.mielczarek.org/code/mozilla/nukeimage.xpi
A List of all extensions can be found here: http://texturizer.net/firefox/extensions/
I listed those that benefit you to secure your online life and privacy.


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As hockey equipment has evolved, the ability for players to swap out gear for special events has been a growing trend. Goaltenders are the easiest to pick out as they sport different helmets and pads for events like the Winter Classic each season.
The Olympics are not immune to this change as skaters need to switch over to gloves and pants that align with their country's colors and some goaltenders choose to wear new equipment as well to match their nation's colors.
It will be pretty easy to notice which goaltenders have made changes as their new gear will certainly stand out as opposed to what they wear on a nightly basis in the NHL. Most players will likely wear a shell over their team-issued pants to remain as comfortable as possible and skaters have likely had a chance to break in their Olympic gloves for at least a week.
There will be some other changes that may or may not stand out to fans as they're watching the games aside from the simple color change that a player's gear will undergo. Like the NHL, the IIHF has specific equipment standards and those standards must be followed by all players.
In the crease, some equipment manufacturers choose not to pay the fee to the IIHF so their company logos can be shown during play. Vaughn is a company that has long been logo-less in international play and that trend will likely continue this year as Tuukka Rask and Jimmy Howard are both heading to Sochi without the Vaughn branding on their equipment.
Ryan Miller's gear was changed over to red, white and blue using a special aftermarket product that will keep him from breaking in new equipment for the short tournament. As you'll notice, Miller's pads (and gloves) still have the Vaughn logos showing but he'll likely need to have those covered up.
As the games continue small things like that will probably become more obvious and one feature of the 2010 games in Vancouver seems to have carried over to Sochi. Forwards, who will have small Sochi logos on the front and back of their helmets, will have an interesting change made to their gloves.
An interesting rule was created heading into the 2010 Olympics which limited the size of manufacturer logos on the cuff of player gloves. This meant that the size of the font needed to be reduced from the relatively large font found on the ice in NHL games and on the shelves in stores.
It also made for some confusing visuals as the smaller logos looked out of place on the ice (check out Brian Rafalski's gloves in the bottom portion of this picture). Easton decided against putting their logo in the smaller font and swapped out the Easton font for each country's name with a smaller Easton logo on a different part of the cuff. Warrior and Bauer followed suit with the rule and based on action from the women's games early on, it appears that the rule is back for 2014.
One other big change will be the handful of players using Bauer's OD1N equipment. Patrick Kane, Jonathan Towes, Alexander Ovechkin, Nicklas Backstrom and Henrik Lundqvist were all tabbed to test the revolutionary gear that Bauer is comparing to a concept care. The player skates will stand out most as their peculiar design is like nothing that's ever been worn before.
The OD1N line is designed to save massive amounts of weight that will ultimately give players more boost and stamina on a game-to-game basis. While it's unexpected to be seen in stores anytime soon, keep an eye on those players to see if their game receives a noticeable boost.
If you notice any other distinct differences in something a player is wearing, leave a comment here or on the Great Skate Facebook page. It's interesting to see some of the new and exciting products that companies will release around this time.


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UWInfo | 19th Century Immigration | Sessional Papers | Genealogy | Local History
When the topic of child immigrants to Canada is raised many people first think of Barnardo's. Some may know about Annie Macpherson, Maria Rye, Fegan Homes, Dr. Stephenson and the National Children's Home or even some of the Roman Catholic organizations. I am researching ALL of the organizations which brought children and young women to Canada between 1833 and 1939.The database at the Library and Archives of Canada (LAC) for the children is online. The database is almost complete. Our friends in the British Isles Family History Society of Greater Ottawa are still working on it. Other databases of interest at the NAC are for immigration from 1925-1935, First World War Soldiers and Western Land Grants It should also be noted that there are many immigration and census databases at Ancestry.com or Ancestry.ca and findmypast.co.uk which might help in your research.
Plaque dedicated to Home Children at 51 Avon Street, Stratford, Ontario, August 19, 2001.
UWInfo | 19th Century Immigration | Sessional Papers | Genealogy | Local History
© Marjorie P. Kohli, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 1996-2010
Last updated January 13, 2010, and maintained by Marj Kohli


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A raptor flies over a wind turbine. Photo by Gretchen Albrecht/Woodland Park Zoo.
As part of our wildlife conservation efforts in the Pacific Northwest, Woodland Park Zoo collaborates with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife on the Raptor Ecology of the Shrub-Steppe conservation program. This spring, zookeepers Gretchen Albrecht, Ros Bass-Fournier, Jean Ragland and I returned to eastern Oregon for three weeks to continue research begun last year. We recorded data on how nesting hawks interact with wind turbines. Hours of observation gives us important insight into how raptors are adapting to this new change to the shrub-steppe habitat.
Lupine in a field of turbines. Photo by Gretchen Albrecht/Woodland Park Zoo.
Shrub-steppe is a grassland habitat that occurs in western North America. Grasses and shrubs make up the shrub-steppe landscape. The most common shrub, or woody plant, is sage brush. There are many birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians that are unique to the shrub-steppe eco-region. Expanded human development has greatly altered this fragile ecosystem through much of its historic range, and as a result, many animal habitats have been reduced or eliminated.
Red-tailed hawk in flight. Photo by Gretchen Albrecht/Woodland Park Zoo.
This year, we observed a pair of red-tailed hawks with a large chick about to fledge and two pairs of Swainson's hawks, both with eggs in the nest. The females spend most of their time on the nest, tending the eggs, while the males perch nearby or venture further afield in search of prey. The red-tailed hawks in particular were in a hurry to find lots of food for their ravenous, almost full-grown chick. Sometimes they would soar up high, above the 400-ft tall turbines, and sometimes they would hug the ground, coursing low to the sage and blooming lupines.
Meadowlark. Photo by Gretchen Albrecht/Woodland Park Zoo.
Besides the hawks, which we watched in four-hour intervals, we also got to see some other birds, like the abundant horned larks and western meadowlarks, and a large colony of long-billed curlews nesting nearby. It was always fun to see a bird soaring by and realize it had such a long, curved beak in the lead.
Long-billed curlew flies over turbines. Photo by Gretchen Albrecht/Woodland Park Zoo.
On the drive from the motel to the wind project, we were able to see a nesting pair of golden eagles.
Eagle with chick in a nest. Photo by Gretchen Albrecht/Woodland Park Zoo.
We also saw some mammals, including pronghorn antelope and many cattle.
Pronghorn antelope. Photo by Gretchen Albrecht/Woodland Park Zoo.
You'll have the opportunity to help out the raptors yourself on your next visit to the zoo. Just stop by our Quarters for Conservation kiosk and look for the photograph of Ranger, our golden eagle, on the kiosk to cast your vote to support the Raptor Ecology of the Shrub-Steppe Project!
Find our Quarters for Conservation voting kiosk in the West and South Entrances. Photo by Sarah Lovrien/Woodland Park Zoo.
With Quarters for Conservation, 25 cents from your zoo admission goes directly to wildlife conservation, so you can make your day and a difference!


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Curt winch mount
Reviewed By Frank R (Dansville, NY) Reviewed for a 2016 Jeep Renegade —11/28/2017 9:39 AM
Excellent winch mount for the money. Exact fit for my Warn Zeon 12-S winch. Mounted it on my tractor and it was able to move a 10,000 pound bulldozer without any problem.


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T.K (Angela Simmon's Ex Boyfriend) Responds Back To Her Comments About Him On Her Reality Show! "It Didn't Come Down To The s3x Part"
Terry Kennedy from FLY SOCIETY addresses Angela's comment about there relationship
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Martin Kube needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 196 designs submitted by 35 freelance designers.
Raptor-Scooter.de, RaptorScooter.de
There should be a Logo developed for my new shop, that will open soon.
In my shop I will sell ATV´s, Quat´s in a racing style (lower, wider, only for the street) and maybe Scooters later.
The Logo will be used for my Homepage, Letterheads and Business cards.
and as a marking on the items .
All ATV drivers that like to stand out, and like to move in style.
My idea, maybe a Raptor in the front and a Scooter smaller under it.
And then maybe something with claws.
Maybe something like this:
With or without – it doesn't matter, because I own both domain.
I let you surprise me with the color, but not to colorful.
It has to still be visual in front of a light or dark colored background.
Maybe my ideas are leading me the wrong way, that is why I'm open to many suggestions.
The Logo should be modern, fresh, serious, and should have that special something.
I am excited to get your suggestions!
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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We love those "how-to at every age" articles in women's magazines: what to wear in your 20s, 30s, 40s and 50s, how to decorate your house, which haircut, lipstick, nail polish, etc. is the most appropriate. What's great about them is that some fashion/decor/beauty expert has boiled down what you need to know into a super-short list of recommendations that you'll (hopefully!) remember.
Our nutrition experts have done just that with their list of must-eat foods for every woman at every age.
Our disclaimer: these are just the highlights. Get more details on whether you're getting enough of the nutrients your
body needs here.
—Brierley Wright, M.S., R.D., Nutrition Editor
Lean beef is rich in iron—3 ounces contains about 3 milligrams, or about 15 percent of your daily needs. (Clams, oysters and poultry are also good sources containing 24, 5 and 2 mg per 3 ounces, respectively.) You need iron to transport oxygen from your lungs to the cells in your body. During your childbearing years, your recommended intake is highest at 18 mg/day because you need to replace what's lost each month through menstruation—the only other time you need more is during pregnancy at 27 mg/day.
Other ways to get iron: It's in beans (up to 13 mg per 3/4 cup), dark leafy greens (1/2 cup cooked spinach = 3 mg) and dried fruit, but in these foods it's in a form that your body can't absorb as easily. You can boost your iron absorption by pairing them with a vitamin C-rich food, such as oranges and sweet potatoes. Fortified products, such as breads, cereals and breakfast bars, also contribute significant amounts of iron (some fortified cereals can contain up to 24 mg of iron per 1-cup serving), but again in a form that's not as easily absorbed alone.
Beans are brimming with folate—a vitamin that women need before and during pregnancy to prevent birth defects. One cup boasts about 200 to 300 micrograms, depending on the variety. Folate (and folic acid, the form used in dietary supplements and fortified foods) is so important for mothers-to-be because it helps produce DNA and form healthy new cells. As with iron, the daily recommendation for folate is highest during your childbearing years (400 mcg/day). The only other times it's higher is during pregnancy (600 mcg/day) and lactation (500 mcg/day). Nutrition experts advise pregnant women, and those planning to get pregnant, to get 400 micrograms of folic acid from supplements and fortified foods—in addition to eating folate-rich foods.
Other ways to get folate: Green leafy vegetables like spinach (1/2 cup cooked = 121 mcg) and citrus fruits (a cup of OJ = 110 mcg) are also rich in folate. Fortified foods, such as bread, pasta, flour, breakfast cereal and rice, can contain as much as 700 micrograms per serving, although most fall in the 300 to 400 mcg range.
Whole grains will help you combat two things that you might be battling as you enter your 40s: 1. Increasing blood pressure (thanks to heart and artery walls thickening and stiffening over the years) and 2. A slowing metabolism (it slows by 1 to 2 percent each decade after age 30). Swapping refined grains, such as white bread and rice, for whole grains (whole wheat bread, brown rice, oats, quinoa, etc.) will help you get more fiber and research suggests that adding fiber to your diet will help you prevent weight gain—or even encourage weight loss. Other studies suggest that whole grains help the body hang on to potassium, a mineral that helps maintain normal blood pressure.
Other ways to get fiber: salad! Maximize your nutrient intake by building a vibrantly colored salad—think spinach, cucumbers, tomatoes or even fruits like raisins, oranges or strawberries. All these salad toppings offer fiber, potassium, vitamin C (which may help to keep skin firm and protect against UV rays) and antioxidants.
Low-fat, or nonfat, yogurt is a great source of calcium at about 400 milligrams per cup. (Low-fat and nonfat yogurt and other dairy foods are usually no different in calcium content than full-fat versions.) Bone-strengthening calcium becomes increasingly important in your 50s. So much so that the recommended level increases from 1,000 to 1,200 mg/day. Why? From age 30 on, cells that build bone become less active while those that dismantle bone keep working. And then that loss is accelerated during menopause due to decreasing estrogen.
Other ways to get calcium: Milk (1 cup skim, 306 mg), cheese (1.5 ounces, about 300 mg), kale (1 cup cooked, 179 mg), spinach (1/2 cup frozen then cooked, 99 mg) and calcium-set tofu (tofu prepared with calcium salts; check the label) are all good sources. Also, remember that calcium and iron compete with one another for absorption so it's best not to eat them together at the same meal. That said, your iron needs actually decrease in your 50s (from 18 to 8 milligrams/day) because of menopause.
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Moderators: BestOfBreed, dungeonjoe
19TERRIER19 wrote:My largest concern going into this season is first and foremost health going into the season. And secondly, how our kick game and special teams look. I am not worried about the young guys at this point. We are stacked in the 2 deep with seasoned veteran talent, we won't be asking too many young guys to jump into the fire right off the bat. Which is a great thing. Redshirt as many as possible continue building that depth. There will be spots where injuries and fatigue will play in where some young guys can plug in, especially special teams.
But can we find an efficient kick game to replace what was a SPECIAL kick game last season that was so instrumental in so many games.
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text: > Will have a listen for it over the weekend > Bob while I clean up after the mid-winter > storms that hit the whole country this week. Actually, I was wrong. PCSAT passes are not all in the dark in the northern hemisphere, and I should have no problem listening here... so don't sweat it. Good luck with the Storm damage... Bob > water in the garage to deal with tomorrow.... > 73 > Geoff ZL3GA > Christchurch New Zealand RE66ho > ---------------------------------------------------------------- -- > Message: 6 > Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2008 10:26:31 -0400 > From: "Robert Bruninga" <bruninga at usna.edu> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Vanishing PCSAT? > To: "'Robert Smith'" <dukenuke at pixi.com> > Cc: 'AMSAT-BB' <amsat-bb at amsat.org> > Message-ID: <87F3E4F76CCC497BB4FEA3697A899391 at ewlab.usna.edu> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" > > > I've probably missed the "answer" on AMSAT > > but where is PCSAT? > > Good question! I was going to send you the standard response > saying she is napping in the dark, but just did a quick check > myself and PCSAT (W3ADO-1) has not been heard since 2 July at > 11:52:39 and the last station to digipeat through it was SP9UX > on the 5th at 04:09:14 and the last USA station was W4AEJ on the > 1st at 14:04:28... > > But I also notice that PCSAT passes are at night over the > Northern Hemisphere where everyone lives. Maybe we can wake up > someone down-under to see if they can listen for PCSAT (W3ADO-1) > NO-44 on 145.825 MHz... May not decode it, but should be able > to hear it attempting to send a packet once a minute.. Only in > the sun, of course... > > So Robert, thanks for bringinig this to our attention... PCSAT > was launched on 30 Sept 2001. > > Bob, Wb4APR > > > > _______________________________________________ > Sent via AMSAT-BB at amsat.org. Opinions expressed are those of > the author. > Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur > satellite program! > Subscription settings: http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb >