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In ancient times, salt (or the lack of it) could drastically affect the health of entire populations. Trade in salt was very important, and salt was valuable enough to be used as currency in some areas. The Latin phrase "salarium argentum," "salt money," referred to part of the payment made to every Roman soldier, and the word has been carried down the ages into the English word "salary". Everyone must have salt, so it has been a commodity much abused by attempts at monopoly, by individuals, corporations, cities, and nations. The city of Rome may have begun as a salt-trading center, like Venice after it. Certainly the salt traders of the Roman port of Ostia raised the price so high that the state was forced to take over the industry about 506 BC. Man-made salt-ponds along the Mediterranean shore date back to Roman times, and it is inevitable that we will find older ones. Salt was already being mined in the Alps when Rome was founded.
Salt was taxed by governments from the ancient Chinese and Romans to late medieval Burgundy, where salt was taxed at more than 100% as it came from the salt-works. Extended to the whole of France when Burgundy was absorbed, the notorious salt tax "la gabelle" became necessary to the government. Cardinal Richelieu said that it was as vital to France as American silver was to Spain. The repeal of the salt tax was a major goal of the revolutionaries of 1789, but Napoléon restored it as soon as he became Emperor, to pay for his foreign wars: and it continued until 1945. It is said that income from a salt pan in southern Spain largely financed Columbus' voyages. In the United States, the State of New York financed the Erie Canal with its salt tax!
Food storage is vital for any society. We have refrigeration, freeze-drying, and canning as our major ways of preserving food, and it's difficult to envisage life without them. Whether it is hunted, gathered, or grown and harvested, food rarely is available when it is needed, unless it is somehow stored. Today, with refrigeration and effective transportation, the problem seems rather trivial, but before the 19th century, effective storage often made the difference between life and death.
In arid climates, food can effectively be stored by drying. But in any normal humidity, fungus and bacteria can rapidly destroy stored food. Even where food can be stored in ice during a winter, it quickly rots as it thaws in the spring. Documents from northern Europe, and especially from 16th century Sweden, give some clue about the severity of the problem, and its solution.
In a medieval society, with relatively poor transportation systems, villages and counties had to be close to self-sufficient in food. If a bad harvest occurred, there had to be enough food stored to mitigate a potential disaster. Medieval Sweden provides an example of the way in which an agricultural society dealt with this. Good-quality arable land was scarce, and had to be used for crops. That meant that grazing and foraging animals, mainly cattle and pigs, were turned out into the local woodlands for the summer to forage for grass, browse, roots, and nuts. A relative shortage of winter fodder in turn meant that surplus animals would best be butchered before the weather drove them indoors. In medieval England the annual slaughter was traditionally around Martinmas, St Martin's Day (10 November), but it was earlier in Sweden. In turn, that meant that fresh meat was readily available only at that season, and that fresh protein in the form of milk and butter was only available in winter from cows kept in shelter. In addition, taxes were often paid in kind rather than money, and that meant that the landlord had to be given foodstuffs that could be stored.
The response of the Swedes was to preserve almost all their food, and to use salt to do it. Beef and pork were salted and dried as joints, hams, and sausages. Butter was salted. Typically it took a pound of salt to preserve 10 pounds of butter (housewives were taught how to remove the salt before the butter was used). Fish, whether freshwater or from the sea, were salted and dried. Bread was hung up to dry. In 1573, the servants of King Gustavus Vasa ate 102 kg (224 pounds) of beef and pork, but 99 kg of it (218 pounds) was salted and dried. They almost never had fresh meat. The King issued an order to release 3-year-old tax butter from the stores for some men hired to work at the castle, and ordered the sale of 4-year-old (barley) malt because it was starting to get weevils in it. He ordered the peasants to store their butter and meat in the fall, after the annual slaughter, but he also ordered them not to eat any of it for 12 months (they should be eating the previous year's food during that time).
There were three interesting consequences of this way of life. First, it made the country much more able to tolerate the occasional disastrous harvest, and the second was that it promoted the consumption of enormous quantities of beer, to go with the food, which even when soaked and cooked was still very salty. Prince John of Sweden wrote to his father King Gustavus saying that five and a half pints of beer a day was not enough for the soldiers, and that the prince had raised their ration to 8 pints a day and 11 on Sundays. More important, it meant that Sweden had to import large quantities of salt. In 1368, for example, 23% of the goods shipped from Lübeck to Stockholm consisted of salt, and that proportion did not change: in 1559, 25% of Sweden's imports consisted of salt (and 19% was hops, for brewing beer that lasted longer without spoiling). Salt was a strategic commodity. Especially in wartime, Sweden had to be careful to safeguard the shipping routes that delivered this vital substance to her people.
Maybe you think that the Swedish medieval diet is outrageously old-fashioned, perhaps quaint, certainly faintly repulsive. So let us move to the Old South in 1864. Each Confederate soldier was supposedly provided with starch (26 pounds of coarse meal, 7 pounds of flour or biscuit, 3 pounds of rice), protein (10 pounds of bacon), and salt (one and a half pounds). Bacon was the meat of the South, and every pound of it required salt. Horses need salt too. The historian Ella Lonn devoted an entire book to the problem of salt in the Confederacy during the Civil War. The salt supply was a problem throughout the war, and we will never know whether the salt shortage that preyed on the minds of the Southerners translated into a vital reason for their defeat.
We know that the Confederate soldiers were hungrier than the Northerners throughout the war. We shall never know whether the hogs that were not slaughtered because there was no salt to preserve them took the edge off the Confederate troops, or whether the salt that was not available for the horses took the edge off the cavalry. "What hogs we have to make our meat, we can't get salt to salt it," wrote Mrs Sarah Brown to Governor Pettus of Mississippi in December 1861. In 1862, Governor Brown of Georgia wrote that only half of the meat of the State could be saved for the 1862-1863 season.
We do know that that most intelligent and brutally efficient of the Northern Generals, Sherman, had no doubt about salt. It was as important as gunpowder, he declared. "Without salt they cannot make bacon and salt beef," and, "Salt is eminently contraband, because [of] its use in curing meats, without which armies cannot be subsisted." Sherman sent a captain for trial on a charge of aiding the enemy, because he had allowed salt through the lines to the Confederates. The Union forces were sent orders to destroy salt stores and salt works wherever they were found. In November 1863, General Burnside noted in a despatch to Grant that Lee had placed a strong defensive force in front of Saltville [Virginia]. Grant understood the significance of the deployment. In December 1863 he wrote to General Foster, "If your troops can get as far as Saltville and destroy the works there, it will be an immense loss to the enemy." In the event, the Confederates guarded the works so well that the Union Army did not take (and destroy) the salt works until December 1864. General Burbridge boasted that the loss of Saltville would be "more felt by the enemy than the loss of Richmond." Meanwhile the North, even with salt sources of its own, imported 86,208 tons of salt from England in 1864 alone.
Medieval Sweden and the Confederate South may be extreme examples, but the importance of salt in history was much greater in the past than it is today, when salt is cheap and ubiquitous. Salt was often as important for food storage as it was as a direct nutrient.
However, inland there are occasional salt springs, and natural outcrops of salt-bearing rocks. Natural salt springs often yield brines that are more concentrated than sea water, and yield purer salt (sodium chloride) than seawater brines. The difference can be crucial, because the magnesium chloride present in small quantities in sea salt can actually slow down the rate at which meat is salted and therefore prevented from decay. Sea water can be processed to extract the magnesium as the brine is boiled, but that takes skill and labor, and fuel. Natural salt from springs usually had a competitive edge over sea salt.
The relative rarity of salt springs often provided an important geological resource to an inland community or area. For example, Austria and Germany happen to have many outcrops of salt-bearing rocks, a particularly fortunate circumstance in an inland region with a generally damp climate. Names containing "salz" and "halle," such as Salzburg ("salt city"), Salzkammergut, Reichenhall, Halle, Hallein, and Hallstatt, as well as the old Austrian/Polish province of Galicia, identify some of the salt-bearing areas.
The Maya made salt at Salinas de los Nueve Cerros, Guatemala. This site lay where salt springs flowed into the river, giving easy trading access to downstream customers. This site was the only large-scale source of salt for the interior Lowland Maya. The technology included solar evaporation and firing of brine from salt springs in special ceramic bowls that are the largest ever found in Maya sites.
The highly organized salt trade of China was observed by Marco Polo, who recorded that the major item of trade on the Yangtze River was salt, shipped upstream from the coast (especially from the city of Hangchou) to the interior cities. The Chinese produced salt by many methods: they evaporated it, boiled seawater, and pumped brine from wells drilled into salt beds. Modern oil-drilling traces its technological roots back to Chinese methods originally evolved for salt production.
From about 1000 BC onward (and possibly since 2500 BC, and maybe for unrecorded millenia before that), a brisk salt-mining and salt-shipping trade was centered on the valley of the Salzkammergut, in what is now Austria. The surface deposits were worked out by 1000 BC, and the salt miners drove galleries 400 meters into the mountain side, reaching depths below the entrances of 100 m. Because salt is a good preservative, we have a good idea of the working tools and working conditions, and even the miners' diet (from preserved feces). A perfectly preserved body was found in 1735 and given a Christian burial! Some of the caverns the salt miners excavated with their bronze tools were 12 m by 12 m, a meter high, and supported by timbers. The salt was carried out in leather rucksacks, and the miners wore woollen clothes and leather slippers. They ate well: millet, barley, beans, and apples.
Thwarted in Bavaria, the Archbishop of Salzburg turned to salt springs closer by, and a new industry sprang up at Hallein, first mentioned in documents in 1232. By 1300 its production had outstripped that of Reichenhall, and as it was situated closer to the Danube, it was able to ship salt as far as Bohemia, as well as into Austria and Bavaria.
The Archbishop gradually bought up shares in Hallein, and by the early 16th century he held them all. However, the crown of Bohemia passed into the Habsburg family, and from the early 1600s, the great market of Bohemia was closed to the Archbishop. The other Austrian salt works were small at first. In the Salzkammergut, salt springs emerged from horizontal tunnels in the valley sides, which, although the locals did not know it, were the ancient galleries into the old flooded salt mines that had been worked in prehistoric times.
The salt works at Hall, in the Tyrol, provided a power base for its owners, who were the local Hapsburg Dukes from 1363. The Dukes would sell salt to the Swiss, then use the profits to pay for the Hapsburg campaigns against the Swiss!
Salt production was always limited in Austria by fuel shortage. As boiling houses used up the local timber, they had to be moved, and fuel was a problem until modern times. In 1770 there were even flumes running down the mountain sides, used not for water supply but to float down billets of timber for the boiling houses. Since fuel ran out at Hallstatt very early, the Emperor built a wooden pipeline to take the brine from the ancient mines down the valley to Ischl: it crossed the Gosau on a bridge.
Salt played a great part in the politics of the region after 1600. Salt was produced by three major players, Austria, Bavaria, and the Archbishop of Salzburg. The Austrian Empire grew to include Bohemia and Moravia, and this salt-less region became a captive market for the Austrian salt producers, with much tax revenue accruing to the Emperor. Salt was a state monopoly, the Salzmonopol, "the brightest jewel in the possession of the Hofkammer," and around 1700 provided about 10% of the total revenue of the state.
The Habsburgs would regularly use the salt income as collateral for raising money quickly in times of military emergency. They did it first when Bohemia revolted in 1618 in the Defenestration of Prague, and Protestant forces besieged Vienna. Emperor Ferdinand II mortgaged his salt revenues to pay for the Catholic army that saved Vienna and won the decisive battle of the White Mountain in 1620. The salt revenue of the salt mines of Wieliczka paid for the heroic Polish army under King John Sobieski that rescued Vienna during the Turskish siege of 1683. (In a strange-but true paradox, the Wieliczka salt revenue had passed to the Habsburgs in return for their assistance to the Poles in the Swedish invasion of 1657!) Salt was a state monopoly in Bavaria also. Both Austria and Bavaria sought to promote their own exports and protect their domestic markets from salt imports. (There was a flourishing trade in contraband salt.)
In 1611 the Archbishop of Salzburg was forced to market his salt through Bavaria, so the rivalry now had only two players. Given that Austria and Bavaria between them controlled all the major salt sources in Central Europe, it is difficult to understand why they did not cooperate to form a cartel. A brief agreement, the Rosenheimer Salt Trade Agreement, was set up in 1649, but lasted for only 40 years. The centerpiece of Bavarian foreign policy became a campaign to sell salt effectively to her western neighbors, given that Austria could sell hers throughout the growing Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is not a coincidence that Bavaria consistently fought on the French side against the Austrians in the War of the Spanish Succession in the early 1700s and during the Napoleonic Wars in the early 1800s.
Salt can be made in almost any suitable seashore locality in the Mediterranean. So although it is possible to envisage a trader's cartel, it is much more difficult to control the production of salt. It is astonishing how effectively Genoa and especially Venice managed to take control of production as well as trading. Genoa was positioned in the Western Mediterranean and Venice at the head of the Adriatic. Each used all its political and military strength to consolidate its local trade, and to encroach as far as possible on that of its rival. However, Venice was more organized politically, which translated into more ruthless and effective use of state power. And Venice made a conscious decision to concentrate on the salt trade, whereas to the Genoese it was just one of a set of potentially profitable cargoes. Where the two came into conflict over salt, the Venetians tended to win.
Venice managed to make a business out of control of the Adriatic salt trade. Venice owed some of its early wealth to the salt trade from salt works in its lagoon, and had a number of contracts with inland Italian cities in the 13th century to supply them with salt. The more that Venice came to control the salt trade in the Adriatic, the more the resulting profits were used by the city to subsidize other trading activities. Venetian traders delivering salt to the city were given bank credits, for example, allowing them to buy goods quickly. As the historian S. A. Adshead has written, "For the Venetians, salt was not a commodity among commodities... it greased the wheels of all the working parts and fuelled its motor". The salt trade allowed Venetian traders to compete very effectively with their rivals across the board. Salt was "il vero fondamento del nostro stato." Always, the Venetians were willing to exercise raw power to foster their control of salt.
The Roman salt-making center in the Adriatic was at Comacchio, a little north of Ravenna. After the fall of Rome, records of the 8th-century Lombard King Luitpold tell us that Comacchian salt was being shipped to all the major inland cities in Lombardy, through Ferrara at least as far as Parma, Lodi, and Brescia. However, Venice was producing salt by 523 AD.
The Venetians set out to dominate the salt trade. In 932 they destroyed Camacchio. They burned the citadel, massacred the inhabitants, and carried off the survivors to Venice, where they had to swear an oath of loyalty to the Doge before they were released. The Venetians began to construct salt works on their own lagoon, and around 1028, we find the Doge of Venice giving permission for Chioggia to build more salines on the Venetian lagoon. However, it turned out that it was not as easy to build salt works in the relatively exposed, storm-prone lagoon of Venice as it had been at Comacchio, and it took a long time before salt production became really successful at Chioggia. Meanwhile, the city of Cervia, south of Ravenna, filled the production vacuum left by the destruction of Comacchio. Cervia was in production at least by 965975 AD.
Around 1180, it was clear that Cervia and Chioggia were rivals for salt production, under the protection of Ravenna and Venice respectively. The Archbishop of Ravenna and the Doge of Venice now began playing hardball. Venice declared it illegal to sell Chioggia salt to be sold or shipped without a Venetian certificate, and Ravenna did the same for Cervia. The salt market was now out of the hands of merchants and in the hands of the politicians. By 1234, war between Venice and Ravenna ended with a ban on any Ravenna (Cervia) salt being shipped northward, and Venetian galleys enforced the treaty.
Now the Venetians went one logical step further: for all practical purposes they gave up trying to be salt producers, and instead concentrated on being (monopoly) salt traders. Between 1250 and 1280, they came more and more to be the dominant buyers of salt, which they then shipped and sold. By the 1350s, no salt could move on a ship in the Adriatic unless it was a Venetian ship bound to or from Venice.
A golden rule of Venetian policy was that all trade goods under their control must pass through Venice. As late as 1590 they were making an 81% mark-up on salt sold inland, but that was not always the case. Sometimes Venice sold salt at less than normal rates if it would foster trade in higher-value goods that would yield more profit. All this activity was planned and supervised by a special State body, the Collegio del Sal. The rewards were staggering, and help to justify the tenacity and ruthlessness with which the Venetians operated the salt business. Typically, Venetian merchants bought salt for 1 ducat a ton, and it cost them about 3 ducats a ton to ship it to Venice. There they received a State subsidy of 8 ducats a ton. The State collected a tax as the salt left Venice, and after shipping to the customer, the selling price was roughly 33 ducats a ton. That was a profit worth fighting for! And it was not only the merchants who profited. Some of the State profits went to the architecture, sculpture, and paintings that remain today for our admiration.
The Venetians had different methods for maintaining their trading monopoly. On the island of Pag, they would buy up all the salt that was not needed locally. It would then be shipped to Venice and sold (at very high prices) to customers. At Muggia and Capodistria, the Venetians were given a fraction (about 10%) of the salt produced (presumably as protection money), but the locals were allowed to sell the other 90% only as long as it was carried overland, effectively limiting its value and the sales area.
As late as 1578, the Venetians destroyed the salt works at Trieste, and in the following twenty years were making an 80% profit on salt sold inland on the Lombardy plain. But around 1600, paradoxically with the defeat of the Turks at sea, shipping in the Adriatic became too great for the Venetians to be able to maintain their monopoly by force. Their source of riches in the spice trade had been cut off as the trade routes to India now passed around Africa, and their shipping was declining.
Page last updated May 1999.
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Occupy Oakland was supposed to stand for Economic Injustice and to represent the 99% of the population. Why are you then further taxing the 99%? Who's interest are you really looking out for? If you really cared for us, why aren't you out there taxing Mountain View or any of the other Silicon Valley cities where the 1% of this country lives? Why doesn't Occupy Oakland focus on the real situation that's affecting America – the Economy??? What about coming up with real demands like: demanding Congress to give up their ridiculous pensions and having … Continued
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subset: commoncrawl


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chas0012 needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 100 designs submitted by 27 freelance designers.
A website that focuses on helping marketer increase website traffic or clicks and then convert the traffic into opt-ins or sales. Every website should be focused on getting good at two things; getting more clicks and conversion rate or turning those clicks into buyers.
Clicks & Conversion
I was thinking about trying to incorporate the mouse click arrowand/or the white pointing finger hand into the design, however I don't want it to look low budget or cheap and I couldn't figure out where to put the images and it still look really cool.
The words can be on one line or stacked. I'm not sure which style I like until I see them.
For example:
Clicks & Conversion
Clicks &
Also, the slogan or sub-title will be "Converting Clicks Into Customers" Adding that may make the design too busy...Not sure.
I would like to see designs using glossy, modern css style text. Similar to:
Here are a few color combination's that I like. Plus, I really want the thicker css style glossy fonts.
- Plain Text Design
- colors that don't look good together
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Employees Need Tools For Secure Inter-Company Collaboration
Secure collaboration tools have made it easier and safter to share large files and sensitive data safely. Sharepoint and file servers are just two of the many ways employees can collaborate within the company without exposing data to theft or loss.
That level of security appears to stop at the firewall, according to a recent cloud survey commissioned by IntraLinks and conducted by Harris Interactive. A significant number of employees were using email and other insecure methods to send and receive large files and sensitive information with partners outside the company, the survey found.
In a survey of more than 1,000 IT decision makers in seven countries, almost half, or 46 percent, said a key part of their job involved collaborating and sharing information with partners, suppliers, and consultants. More than half, 68 percent, used email as the primary means for sending and receiving large files and sensitive information.
FTP sites and Web-based file hosting services, such as Dropbox and Box.net, were also used.
Granted, using Dropbox and other similar tools mean there are less USB memory sticks containing corporate data floating around, waiting to be misplaced. The problem is that it's hard to keep track of what data is leaving the company or who has access to those files.
More than 70 percent of individuals in the survey said their companies had no policies controlling how employees were using third-party cloud services.
Instead of having employees rely on free accounts to share files, companies can set up business accounts. Dropbox, Box.net, and YouSendIt have rolled out business-friendly features such as access control to protect corporate data being stored on their servers for paid accounts. Dropbox also recommends users worrying about data security to use encryption technologies such as TrueCrypt to lock files before uploading to the servers.
Intralinks also recently launched its Intralinks Connect platform to help businesses extend security policies beyond the firewall.
Most of the employees in the survey were aware the risks of using email and consumer-focused cloud storage services. Nearly 70 percent were concerned about malware and a little over 60 percent worried about information being stolen by unauthorized users intercepting the data. Half of the respondents knew they had to comply with industry or government regulations over how data was protected.


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Bradford Parking Lot
Get directions to this parking facility
Parking at Bradford Parking Lot is generally available throughout the weekday.
- Total parking spaces: 303
- Accessible spaces: 9
- Type: Surface Lot
- Payment methods: Mobile App, Invoice
- Mobile app: PayByPhone #4232
- Daily fee: Mon-Fri: $2 | Sat-Sun: $2
- Monthly pass: $35
- Managed by: Republic Parking System
- Contact: MBTA Customer Support
- Contact phone: 617-222-3200
Bradford is accessible. It has the following features:
- Mini high level platform to provide level boarding to certain cars in a train set
Report an elevator, escalator, or other accessibility issue.
Learn more about accessibility
Commuter Rail Fares
Nearby MBTA fare retail sales locations
Find more retail sales locations
Please report issues with cleanliness, signage, and any other concerns you may have. We will do our best to address the issue as soon as possible.


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After editorializing its original statement and subsequently being reprimanded by the UK courts once again, Apple has complied and re-published the statement on its website saying Samsung didn't copy the iPad's design. No, really it has, you just have to look for it.
This is Apple's second try at saying sorry to Samsung, plus — as all children should be made to do — it has to say sorry about making a mess of it the first time too; but before we get to that, let's look at the statement's positioning on the site first. Visiting Apple's UK homepage shows a massive picture of the new iPad Mini and all the usual links above it, but no statement. Instead, visitors will have to scroll down to see it, where it hides out below the privacy policy and the region selector.
While this could be passed off as an idiosyncrasy of the site's design, a Reddit user says it's completely intentional, and offers up some unique-to-the-UK-page Javascript which Apple has used to manipulate the way the page is viewed, ensuring the statement is out of sight regardless of screen resolution. Cunning, Apple, very cunning.
If you think that sounds like conspiracy nonsense, have a go at resizing your browser window, and watch that iPad Mini get bigger and bigger each time.
The statement printed at the bottom of the page isn't an apology to Samsung either, but an apology to the UK courts that leads to a link to the apology to Samsung. Yes, Apple has been very naughty indeed, recently, and needs to apologize to a growing number of parties with each new statement.
It reads "On 25 October 2012, Apple Inc. published a statement on its UK website in relation to Samsung's Galaxy tablet computers. The statement was inaccurate and did not comply with the order of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales." Follow the link and you get the simple statement Apple should have published last time.
The irony of all this is that if Apple had just printed the statement properly in the first place, it would have been forgotten about by now. Instead, all the coverage about their childish attempts to get around the court order, do nothing but remind the reader that Samsung didn't copy the iPad.


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girned is a valid word in this word list. For a definition, see the external dictionary links below.
The word "girned" uses 6 letters: D E G I N R.
Direct anagrams of girned:
dinger engird reding ringed
Words formed by adding one letter before or after girned (in bold), or to deginr in any order:
a - deraign gradine grained reading c - cringed d - grinded redding e - dreeing energid reeding reigned f - fringed h - herding i - dingier n - grinned rending o - eroding groined ignored negroid redoing r - grinder regrind s - dingers engirds u - dungier w - redwing wringed
Shorter words found within girned:
de deign den deni die dig din dine diner ding dinge dire dirge dreg ed en end eng er erg ern ged gen gid gie gied gien gin gird girn grid gride grin grind id in ire ired ne nerd nide re red reg rei reign rein rend renig rid ride ridge rig rin rind ring
List shorter words within girned, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in girned, plus an optional blank or existing letter
Try a search for girned in these online resources (some words may not be found):
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Each search will normally open in a new window.
List all words starting with girned, words containing girned or words ending with girned
All words formed from girned by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: gi ir rn ne ed
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Some random words: phut ne twa jnana elain aether hektare
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The universal free vindecoder.
A vehicle identification number, commonly abbreviated to VIN, or chassis number, is a unique code including a serial number, used by the automotive industry to identify individual motor vehicles, towed vehicles, motorcycles, scooters and mopeds as defined in ISO 3833.
VINs were first used in 1954. From 1954 to 1981, there was no accepted standard for these numbers, so different manufacturers used different formats. In 1981, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the United States standardized the format. It required all over-the-road-vehicles sold to contain a 17-character VIN, which does not include the letters I (i), O (o), or Q (q) (to avoid confusion with numerals 1 and 0).
The vehicle identification number is the unique code of the vehicle consisting of 17 symbols. The code provides the information on the manufacturer and the characteristics of the vehicle and its production year. The structure of the code is based on standards ISO 3779-1983 and ISO 3780. Identification numbers are mapped on the integral body parts or the chassis and on the purpose-made number plates.
The VIN consists of the three parts:
The first three characters uniquely identify the manufacturer of the vehicle using the world manufacturer identifier or WMI code. A manufacturer who builds fewer than 500 vehicles per year uses a 9 as the third digit, and the 12th, 13th and 14th position of the VIN for a second part of the identification. Some manufacturers use the third character as a code for a vehicle category (e.g., bus or truck), a division within a manufacturer, or both. For example, within 1G (assigned to General Motors in the United States), 1G1 represents Chevrolet passenger cars; 1G2, Pontiac passenger cars; and 1GC, Chevrolet trucks.
The first character of the WMI is the region in which the manufacturer is located. In practice, each is assigned to a country of manufacture, although in Europe the country where the continental headquarters is located can assign the WMI to all vehicles produced in that region (Example: Opel/Vauxhall cars whether produced in Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom or Poland carry the W0L WMI because Adam Opel AG is based in Rüsselsheim, Germany).
The 4th to 8th positions in the VIN are the vehicle descriptor section or VDS. This is used, according to local regulations, to identify the vehicle type, and may include information on the automobile platform used, the model, and the body style. Each manufacturer has a unique system for using this field. Most manufacturers since the 1980s have used the 8th digit to identify the engine type whenever there is more than one engine choice for the vehicle. Example: for the 2007 Chevrolet Corvette U= 6.0L V8, E= 7.0L V8.
One element that is fairly consistent is the use of position 9 as a check digit, compulsory for vehicles in North America, and used fairly consistently even outside this rule.
The 10th to 17th positions are used as the 'vehicle identifier section' (VIS). This is used by the manufacturer to identify the individual vehicle in question. This may include information on options installed or engine and transmission choices, but often is a simple sequential number. In North America, the last five digits must be numeric.
One consistent element of the VIS is the 10th digit, which is required worldwide to encode the model year of the vehicle. Besides the three letters that are not allowed in the VIN itself (I, O and Q), the letters U and Z and the digit 0 are not used for the model year code. Note that the year code is the model year for the vehicle.
The year 1980 was encoded by some manufacturers, especially General Motors and Chrysler, as "A" (since the 17-digit VIN wasn't mandatory until 1981, and the "A" or zero was in the manufacturer's pre-1981 placement in the VIN), yet Ford and AMC still used a zero for 1980. Subsequent years increment through the allowed letters, so that "Y" represents the year 2000. 2001 to 2009 are encoded as the digits 1 to 9, and subsequent years are encoded as "A", "B", "C", etc.
On April 30, 2008, the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration adopted a final rule amending 49 CFR Part 565, "so that the current 17 character vehicle identification number (VIN) system, which has been in place for almost 30 years, can continue in use for at least another 30 years", in the process making several changes to the VIN requirements applicable to all motor vehicles manufactured for sale in the United States. There are three notable changes to the VIN structure that affect VIN deciphering systems:
- The make may only be identified after looking at positions 1–3 and another position, as determined by the manufacturer in the second section or 4–8 segment of the VIN.
- In order to identify exact year in passenger cars and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of 10,000 or less, one must read position 7 as well as position 10. For passenger cars, and for multipurpose passenger vehicles and trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 lb (4,500 kg) or less, if position 7 is numeric, the model year in position 10 of the VIN refers to a year in the range 1980–2009. If position 7 is alphabetic, the model year in position 10 of VIN refers to a year in the range 2010–2039.
- The model year for vehicles with a GVWR greater than 10,000 lb (4,500 kg), as well as buses, motorcycles, trailers and low speed vehicles may no longer be identified within a 30-year range. VIN characters 1–8 and 10 that were assigned from 1980–2009 can be repeated beginning with the 2010 model year.
Another consistently-used element (which is compulsory in North America) is the use of the 11th character to encode the factory of manufacture of the vehicle. Although each manufacturer has its own set of plant codes, the location in the VIN is standardized.
In the United States, the 12th to 17th digits are the vehicle's serial or production number. This is unique to each vehicle and every manufacturer uses their own sequences as there is no fixed standard for this number.


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British woman became own coach during grueling, exhilarating solo ocean trek to Alaska
ANCHORAGE, Alaska – Sarah Outen became her own psychological coach along the grueling way to becoming the first woman to row solo from Japan to Alaska.
When she would get discouraged by the relentless challenges of the North Pacific Ocean, the 28-year-old British adventurer would lie on her bed in the cabin of her small boat and gaze at the ceiling, where she had tacked up a world map. She would look at how far she had gone and tell herself it was just a bad day or week.
"I'd think, 'Come on, you can get through this,'" Outen said Wednesday. "'You just have to be really tenacious and stubborn."
The pep talks paid off. Now Outen — of Oakham, England — is taking a brief break in the small town of Adak in Alaska's Aleutian Islands. She arrived there late Monday after 150 days and 3,750 miles at sea in her boat, Happy Socks.
Outen said the journey has been the most amazing adventure of her life, full of the highest highs and the lowest lows. She's experienced unforgettable encounters with whales, sharks and the blackest nights exploding with stars. She's battled fierce storms, whiteout fog, exhaustion and a close call with a cargo ship, not to mention the challenge of living in a tiny space amid the turmoil of the ocean while all alone.
There were times deep desperation set in.
"It's a pretty relentless place," she said. "It really contrasts the feeling of just contentment. When things go right and it feels good and you're happy to be there, it's just a magical feeling to be alone in the ocean."
Another of the tricks she played to keep going was to shout out the names of friends as she rowed, contemplating 10 things about each of them. She kept motivational quotes around the cabin. She also treated herself to occasional greens by sprouting seeds that were among her cache of dried foods and power grub. For fresh water, she used a desalination unit to purify ocean water.
Her trek is part of her plan for a global excursion by boat, kayak and bike. Outen plans to fly to New York next week before heading back home to begin training for the next leg of the trip.
She plans to pick up where she left off in Adak next spring, bringing along a teammate, Justine Curgenven, to continue by kayak to Alaska's mainland. The two will then bike across Canada and North America. The last phase of the journey is planned for 2015, when Outen will attempt a solo row across the Atlantic Ocean to the United Kingdom.
The first leg took place in 2011 with a kayak-and-bike expedition from London to Japan. Her first attempt at this year's phase ended in 2012 when she and another ocean rower had to be rescued near Japan after their boats were badly damaged in a tropical storm.
Before Outen's "London2London"project, she became the youngest person and the first woman to row alone across the Indian Ocean in 2009.
The scariest moment of this year's trip occurred on a foggy day toward the end. That was when she almost hit a cargo ship after her radar failed because the batteries were struggling to charge after going without sunlight for a week. Outen figured it was too late to get out of the way, so she went into her cabin hoping for the best. Then a wave from the bow of the cargo vessel pushed her boat to safety.
Among the highlights, she got engaged to her longtime girlfriend during a satellite phone call from the sea. She also got up close to whales and birds and once watched a shark circling her boat as she rowed. It was not unusual for flying fish or jellyfish to land inside her boat. All the creatures that made it on board died except for one jellyfish that landed in the bilge locker. Outen managed to put that one alive back in the ocean.
So even though she lacked for human contact, she had plenty of company among creatures, including fish that accompanied her for long stretches.
"It was really nice to be followed by fish," she said.
Outen left Choshi, Japan, on April 27. After arriving in Adak, she celebrated with a bottle of champagne, a hot bath and clean clothes.
Follow Rachel D'Oro at — https://twitter.com/rdoro


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The Fillmore Dirigible: In Flight
The band flies west for a guest shot with Jay Leno in this top-flight Logic Puzzle.
Copyright © 2002-2019
All-Star Puzzles
All rights reserved
When the country rock group Fillmore Dirigible flew to Los Angeles last month for an appearance on "The Tonight Show," the band's seven members arranged to sit in their lucky row 13 on the flight west. The airplane on which they flew has a 2-3-2 seating arrangement, with two seats on each wing across an aisle from three seats in the middle; the seats are numbered 13A through 13G from left to right facing the cockpit. Given the flight plan below, can you decide the full name of each Fillmore Dirigible member (last names are Collins, Mercury, Petty, Rose, Springsteen, Tyler, and Van Halen), his role in the band (one plays keyboards), and in which seat he sat on the flight? (Note: "next to" and "adjacent" mean with no other seat or aisle between them; "across the aisle" means in seats immediately next to the same aisle.)
Slash and Flea, who sat next to each other on the flight, passed the time in the air by playing games on their Gameboys.
The lead and bass guitar players sat in seats next to each other.
Tyler and the saxophone player were in adjacent seats on the flight west.
Mick and Van Halen, who were making their first trips to Los Angeles, sat next to each other on the plane .
Ace and the trumpet player were seated in aisle seats directly across from each other.
Rose's seat wasn't 13A.
Mercury doesn't play lead guitar for the group.
Edge, who didn't sit next to the trumpet player during the flight, had one of the two window seats.
Mercury sat directly across the aisle from the Dirigible drummer.
Van Halen, who didn't have a window seat, isn't the band's lead singer.
Petty isn't the band's saxophone player.
The lead guitar player wasn't seated next to Ace or the trumpet player.
Van Halen isn't the trumpet player or saxophonist in the group.
Goose didn't sit next to Collins on the six-hour flight.
Slash, who isn't Springsteen, isn't the band's bass guitarist.
Edge doesn't play lead guitar for the Fillmore Dirigible.
The group's wild drummer isn't Ace.
Edge and Tyler founded the band after leaving the rock group Maose.
Petty and the lead singer sat next to each other during the flight.
Mick and the saxophonist write most of the Dirigible songs.
Axle isn't the group's trumpet player
Collins, who doesn't play lead guitar, is the only married band member.


text:
$HO Montega - #247365 [Unsigned Hype]
**HIP HOP & FITNESS TO THE NEXT LEVEL. "IM-POWER-MEANT 1.5: #WhereUrThoughts", The Mini-Mixtape*** DOWNLOAD at www.shomontega.bandcamp.com,
Music video by $HO performing #247365 (PRODUCED BY THE COLOMBIANS/@TheColombians)
For more about $HO:
twitter - @ShoMontega --- facebook.com/montegasho
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


text:
by Arianna Neromiliotis
Dark alleys, eerie stories, and shadowy figures set the scene for the Ghost Walk, an exciting, and spooky family event hosted by Teenagers Inc, on Oct. 26.
Led around by masked tour guides, following luminary-light paths on the dark streets of Chestnut Hill, participants are introduced to storytellers from far and wide. You listen as they weave their tales and try their best to scare you. If you love Halloween and listening to spooky stories from years ago, this is an event you don't want to miss!
Vernyce Dannells with her booming voice, is no stranger to Ghost Walk. She has brought her murder tales and ballads to the Chestnut Hill Ghost Walk for several years now. You may also have seen and heard her during Philadelphia's Tellabration or at New Jersey's Grounds for Sculpture. Dannells often headlined Honolulu's Talk Story Festival and, since moving to Philadelphia, happily brings her larger-than-life presence and voice to the task of entertaining spooky tale lovers whenever the occasion arises.
Annie Hart is an educator in the Philadelphia area. She is a dynamic and entertaining storyteller who has traveled all over the world and been featured on radio and television. Annie tells stories that blow the world out of proportion and writes a blog called "Stories Change the World." Annie has been with the Ghost Walk for several years and is excited to return!
Denise Valentine is a professional storyteller and former "Ghost Bus" teller for Eastern State Penitentiary's Haunted House. She tells spine-tingling tales from the Deep South, Appalachia, the Caribbean, and even some local haunts. In previous years she chilled Ghost Walkers to the Bone with Dead Aaron, the Battle of Baba Yaga and Booomangani.
Ron Carter a Philadelphia native, has appeared at Ghost Walk before. He is a dynamic artist whohas performed in many great roles, such as Frederick Douglass, Nat Turner and Louis Armstrong for the African American Museum in Philadelphia, the Philadelphia and Montgomery County school districts, and the Philadelphia Free Library. He is an active member of the Patchwork storytelling organization, and he has performed with Eastern State Penitentiary's "Terror behind the Walls."
Join us as these storytellers tell their tales of Halloween, and watch as they weave history, and folklore all through their stories. As a special guest this year, we have the Queen of Halloween joining us – Darlene Martin, a native Philadelphian and a lover of all things dress-up, is bound to give you a fright with all her Halloween trickery. After all the thrills and chills, join us for some homemade mulled cider and some fall treats. We can't wait to see you.
The Ghost Walk on Oct. 26 will have five departure times from the side of the Chestnut Hill Library, 8711 Germantown Ave., starting at 6:30 p.m. The event will run until 8:30 p.m. Tickets can be purchased in advance at the Chestnut Hill Welcome Center, 16-18 E. Highland Ave, or at Sovereign/Santander bank, 8623 Germantown Ave. Admission is $10 for Adults (12 and over) and $5 for Children.
For further information, email firstname.lastname@example.com.


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I know that you, like me, have met non-genealogists who ask, "How do you keep going? Why don't you ever give up on an ancestor who seems impossible to find? How many years can you spend looking for someone?"
Well, psychology may give us the answer. My friend, Anne Gomertz from
, who is a librarian, tech wizard and expert genealogist, used the term "intermittent reinforcement" to describe what keeps us in the genealogy game. Gastonia, NC
How I put this phenomenon in the context of genealogy is that while we go along, doing our diligent research, including: searching for documents, analyzing possible relationships, tracing migration trails, scrutinizing maps, searching for living relatives, to name just a few activities we do, we sometimes actually FIND something!
We may get reinforcement for our continuing research efforts in the form of identifying the parents of our target ancestor and even his full name from a record we never knew existed. This happened to me when a genealogical friend found Henry Kreis' baptismal record in an on-line index. I ordered the microfilm from the
Family History Center. The copy is barely legible, so I transcribed it:
Now I knew both Henry's and his parents' full German names. I could use his parents' names to search on passenger records. Before I was searching under "John Kreis" (since that was the only name I had) and found no one that seemed to match. But when he immigrated, he was probably using his German name.
Or we may finally locate our ancestor in a census under an entirely different name – either s/he started going by a middle name or the spelling of the surname was so far off that we had overlooked it all the hundreds of times that we looked at the document before or a newly found living relative tells us she heard a family story that Henry Kreis went to CA in 1929. With that information, I searched for "Kreis" in the 1930
Was this my Henry using the name "John"? The birth date is close, the birth place matches and his parents birth places match.
Or a friend and fellow genealogist, sitting by you in a Family History Library looking at the 1920 Essex County, NJ census, figures out the first married name of the head of household that John Kries is living in, and you then immediately recognize her as the character witness in Henry Kreis' first divorce trial.
Or a researcher sends us an obituary with the name of a living relative who turns out to be the grand daughter by this second wife, Henrietta, of my great grandfather!
Locating a living relative is a wonderful break for a genealogist. But, a word to the wise is important here. Genealogy is all about our relationship with our ancestors. However, a relationship with people who are no longer on this earth is quite different from a relationship with a living person.
When you meet a new person through your genealogical research, you need to follow the same rules of social interaction that govern other meetings. In our zeal to gain information from our new contact, we may be tempted to "hurry" through the initial "getting to know you" stage.
But we do the person and ourselves a disservice if we fall into this trap. Taking the time to really learn about someone can be its own reward. After all, we all yearn to "know" our ancestors. Why miss the chance to "know" our living relations?
I have just started to build a relationship with J.D. As she is the granddaughter of Henry Kreis and I am his great granddaughter, we are first cousins once removed. J.D. is in her 80s still living in
where Henry Kreis and his second wife lived in the early 1900s. J.D. was quite surprised to hear from me as she didn't know I even existed. Essex County, NJ
I first called about two weeks before Thanksgiving. It was a momentous contact for me as she is the only person I know who actually had first hand knowledge of Henry Kreis through her mother and other family members. J.D. told me several facts that I didn't know. She is the person who told me that Henry went to
in 1929. And she reported that Henrietta divorced Henry. When I later requested the divorce record from Tom Ankner, the researcher I was working with in NJ, I saw that the circumstances of the divorce -- non-support, abandonment, and abuse – were eerily similar to the ones that caused Mary Carney, Henry's first wife, to file for divorce. California
So one of my questions had been answered by J.D.'s information. I had wondered why Henry was living apart from his wife in the 1920 census even though Henrietta identified herself as his wife on that same census. Sometimes documents can't tell the whole story.
But J.D. had a surprise of her own for me. She casually mentioned that her mother had left her a trunk full of photos, including one of John Kreis, and his immigration papers!!
Now, I could hardly breathe. Other genealogists, the very lucky ones, have come across these "trunks" filled with artifacts. But my family's records seemed to have disappeared. I had often complained about this to my genealogy friends.
I had to remind myself that J.D. didn't know me and probably wouldn't want me barging in on her and grabbing that trunk! So, I just thanked her for the information and said that I would send her the documents that I had collected about our ancestors.
But this one interaction with J.D. was sufficient to keep me going for many months to come. I would make more calls to her and hope to gain her trust.
I think of these occurrences as miracles, but I know that they come from building a genealogical community and sharing information, from regularly searching for documents, from working with professional researchers, and from never giving up!
|Taken by Szani Uherkovich April 19, 2010 Crocus neapolitanus Used by permission.
Categories: genealogy professional


text:
Author Notes: My Italian friend Terry first introduced this recipe to me in Vancouver on a rainy weekend. We made it many times over the years changing it with different herbs and fresh veggies, but finding fresh lamb was always difficult. Now that I am on the Eastcoast in Nova Scotia, organic Northumberland lamb is readily available. This is melt in your mouth good and the casing is strictly for cooking not eating. Tradition is, the youngest person who can hold a hammer and an old clever, gets to break the casing and the eating begins. This is an Easter favorite in our house. —SaySchwartzAndBeSure
Serves: 6
Casing for the Lamb
5-6 cups
all purpose umbleached flour
2-3 cups
Herb Paste for the Lamb
1/2 cup
fresh Italian parsley
1/2 cup
fresh rosemary
1/2 cup
fresh basil- optional
teaspoon sea salt/ black pepper to taste
tablespoons exellent olive oil
6-8 cloves
organic garlic
lemon zest
- Preheat oven to 400
- Crush 6-8 large cloves of garlic and mix with salt to make a creamy paste, add black pepper. (Terry, "Take a sip of your favorite wine").
- Add parsley, rosemary, (basil) and olive oil. (Terry, "Take a good sip of your favorite wine"). Mix to a paste by hand or in a small processor. Add lemon zest and set aside.
- Put 6 cups of flour in a large mixing bowl and make a well in the centre. Add 2-3 cups of cold water and make a soft dough.
- Remove and knead on a floured counter until elastic. Roll the dough into a large rectangle, big enough to completely encase the leg of lamb.
- Rub the herb past all over the leg of lamb and place the leg upsidedown in the center of the rectangle. Use all the paste.
- Fold the short sides up first, then the long ones to completely encase the lamb. Brush with water where the casing meets , molding it around and making sure the edges are all pressed together to seal the casing.
- Put in a large roasting pan with the seams at the bottom, sprinkle with flour on the top. Cook for 2 hours (not much more). Terry would tell you to drink more wine now. To serve, crack the casing open with a clever and hammer and remove the lamb. It will fall from the bone. Scrape the inside of the casing if you wish.
- Serve with olives, artichokes, asparagus, potatoes, all the things you love. Enjoy. (Terry, "have more of your favorite wine").
- This recipe was entered in the contest for Your Best Spring Lamb
More Great Recipes:


text:
Vote for Babe of the Week – Amanda, Cienna, Jennifer, Melissa, Danielle R., Brit, Danielle K.
What'd yah think? Will we have another tie on our hands for this week's babe race? Probably not, but taking another look at all these smokin' hot ladies makes us think twice.
Everyone of these bombshells, from the sex-crazed kitten Amanda Duncan to the bleach-blonde babe Danielle Krivak, has her own unique — how should we say? — talent. For Melissa Anne Teixeira, it's being able to look as mouthwatering with brown hair as she does with blonde. And then we have Brit Bliss, who has the most creamy olive skin we've ever seen.
There are just so many women to choose from and there's so little time to fully "appreciate" them all.
Amanda Duncan
Cienna Broughton
Jennifer Christianson
Melissa Anne Teixeira
Danielle Rose
Brit Bliss
Danielle Krivak
Here's the deal: At the end of the week, each Babe of the Day will compete for your votes and the winner will become Babe of the Week. Each week's winner will then face off to become Babe of the Month, and those winners will then duke it out for — you guessed it — the Babe of the Year title. Only those lucky ladies will be inducted into GuySpeed's Hall of Fame, an honor reserved for the hottest of babes.


text:
By LOUISVILLE MAYOR GREG FISCHER
Your Voice Contributor
The week before this year's Kentucky Derby Festival, Louisville will be making some thunder of a different kind with our premier "Give A Day†week of community service, April 15-22.
The dream for our city is to be a place of lifelong learning and great jobs; a much healthier city and an even more compassionate city than it already is. Louisville has already grown strong roots for compassion with the Muhammad Ali Center, the Festival of Faiths, the seminaries headquartered here and other organizations and initiatives. We're also the largest city in the U.S. to sign on to the International Charter for Compassion. We may not have all the money we'd like to have – especially during this prolonged recession – but we can always use our time, energy and talents to help others.
Now, during our annual Give A Day week, we want to grab the world's attention and make a big statement by setting a record for volunteering and community service. At the end of the week, I will declare Louisville the most compassionate and caring city in the world. If other cities take issue with that, then "game on.†We're up for a spirited competition!
Our goal is for people from all walks of life to be talking this up and challenging each other: 'What are you doing for Give A Day week? How will you make Louisville an even more compassionate city?'â€
You'll be in good company — people from throughout Louisville are joining forces. You'll see Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts tackling projects around the city. Churches and neighborhood associations are joining in. Employee teams from many companies large and small will be doing service work throughout Louisville. School students will be helping with needy causes. Student-athletes from a variety of University of Louisville sports teams will be tackling service projects. Brightside will need extra volunteers for cleaning up our neighborhoods. Plus, you'll be able to give blood at dozens of American Red Cross sites, drop off cans of food for Dare to Care at local Kroger stores and donate shoes to EDGE Outreach. So, no excuse for not getting involved!
And it's easy to get involved: just go to www.mygiveaday.com. There individuals, companies and groups can sign up to help local non-profit agencies, churches and other organizations. There are projects and needs of all kinds – choose the one that appeals to you or best fits your schedule or company's number of volunteers.
You can also report your own community service. Does your church or company have a volunteer or service project happening during Give A Day week? Let us know about it so it can count toward the world's record! Any act of kindness counts. Mowing grass for an elderly neighbor, giving clothing or blankets, reading to a student who might be struggling – it all makes a difference, it all helps build a better and more caring community.
If you're an agency needing volunteer help, you can register your project or need on the website as well.
Give A Day week would not be possible without our partnership with Metro United Way and its Volunteer Connection which helps organizations find the volunteers they need and helps volunteers share their time and talent with worthy causes 365 days a year.
There's a good reason that our Give A Day week is being held as the lead-up to April's Kentucky Derby Festival. The Derby Festival, in many ways defines the fabric of Louisville. The Derby Festival proves we can be best in the world – not only in the quality of our fireworks display but in our spirit of volunteerism. It's appropriate that Give A Day be part of a festival so emblematic of our volunteerism and pride. So, it's a perfect time to put our city in the world spotlight for making a loud statement about compassion and helping others!
We can do it together. Whether you have an hour or a day, you can make a difference and be part of the Give A Day movement. Volunteer. Give blood. Donate food or help your neighbor. Use your time or your professional skills to help others. Just go to www.mygiveaday.com.
For more information about "Give A Day†week, please contact Patty Belden, Metro United Way, 502.292.6152 or firstname.lastname@example.com or Brenda Frank, Special Assistant to Mayor Fischer, 502.574.2018 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text: P. van Gaans wrote: > On 08/23/2007 12:26 PM, Sid Boyce wrote: >> Yesterday I was asked a question about DVB cards, "Are there different >> cards needed for PAL and NTSC?", my friend wanted to know if he bought >> a PC with a DVB card in the UK (PAL-I), whether the card would work in >> the USA (NTSC). >> I told him a different tuner is needed. Am I correct or is it >> dependent on the manufacturer? What about DVB-S cards, would they be >> dependent on the transponder frequencies of available satellites? >> Suggested cards and any pertinent info. >> Thanks and Regards >> Sid. > > NTSC or PAL doesn't matter. Any DVB-T/S/C card from Europe can perfectly > show PAL, NTSC, HDTV (MPEG2/h.264) or pretty much any other format as > long as an (MPEG) decoder for the given format is available. > > In case of analog TV cards, most TV cards today support PAL, NTSC and > SECAM all in one card. These can be used worldwide. > > The DVB-T/S/C cards will often not work in the USA. Not because of > PAL/NTSC, but because the USA often uses ATSC. Check up with your local > provider to find out if they use DVB or ATSC. > Thanks, I'll make further enquiries. I've learned something new, so now I can read up on ATSC. > I don't mind helping you, I only wonder why you post this to this list, > because what does this have to do with Linux.. > > Much, as I have given up on providing help on any issue to do with Windows. I only install, configure and provide help on Linux - I have quite a few people running Linux as their sole OS, even one 79 year old and one 68 year old, both new to computers and happily using Linux. Regards Sid. -- Sid Boyce ... Hamradio License G3VBV, Licensed Private Pilot Emeritus IBM/Amdahl Mainframes and Sun/Fujitsu Servers Tech Support Specialist, Cricket Coach Microsoft Windows Free Zone - Linux used for all Computing Tasks


text:
Lucynova / School days
Age: 25
Height: 5.46
Country: CZECH REPUBLIC
City: Prague
Lucynova is a very talented little blond model already quite famous in Europe. She already posed for several photographers from Czech Republic, France and Holland. Her shiny blond hair and he splendid blue eyes opened the doors of the fashion world even before she begun posing nude.


text: On Fri, 4 Apr 2008, Jim Lux wrote: > And, having an NDA with someone who has something to lose doesn't mean that > they won't do a risk benefit analysis and decide that the outside selling > price or intrinsic value is greater than the risk of losing the lawsuit. > Happens all the time in the entertainment industry, where lawsuits are just > another negotiating tactic. If you ever see me in person, buy me a beer and > ask me about Reel EFX v. Universal. > > It's not just IP here that's the issue (personal records and customer > information usually isn't referred to as IP) Agreed on both fronts. Identity theft, simple violation of privacy (reading people's email etc) -- lots of bad things a person can do and is more likely to do when they have nothing to lose and no professional mentoring to teach them ethics and so on along with the skills (and identify and quietly eliminate those without the ethical base required as they reveal themselves). And with "real" IP -- where I'm in the process right now of cofounding my second company to which I'm contributing little else -- it is less about NDA than "if I tell you I have to kill you." There is that lovely koan from the Tao of Programming (see my website) about the thief at the trade show, all too apropos. > e.g. toy clusters for learning in schools, etc. And small research clusters in universities, or even small clusters for startups for kids that are on the high side of things and who you trust by virtue of being related to them or some such. But I reiterate -- they invariably need mentorship OR they cost more than $10/hour, period. $10/hour is a rate you pay a trainee, not a rate you pay somebody who's been trained, even badly trained. Computing is a profession, not a wage slave job, for any but the most menial of tasks, and the menials require professional oversight. > ditch diggers make more than $10/hr, although, generally, one doesn't have to > pay benefits, etc. Ditch diggers who use power tools (backhoes and the like) > make a LOT more than $10/hr > $10/hr is more like entry level customer service clerk wages in a call > center. "would you like fries with that" is in that category. And the > employers have to spend money on training folks with things like "no, you > cannot wear THAT to work". Precisely. Not realistic at $10/hour for pretty much anything except having an excuse to pay your son to change tapes while he learns (maybe) how to do something more. rgb -- Robert G. Brown Phone(cell): 1-919-280-8443 Duke University Physics Dept, Box 90305 Durham, N.C. 27708-0305 Web: http://www.phy.duke.edu/~rgb Book of Lilith Website: http://www.phy.duke.edu/~rgb/Lilith/Lilith.php Lulu Bookstore: http://stores.lulu.com/store.php?fAcctID=877977


text:
The Tenders & Business section has been developed by the Greater Manchester Police (GMP) Procurement Section. The purpose is to assist suppliers and contractors who wish to trade with GMP.
- It provides contact information
- It outlines the rules that GMP must follow.
- It alerts companies to where opportunities to supply GMP are advertised and explains how to bid for work
- It shows a list of contracts GMP is currently using (together with their expiry dates) and signposts to reports that reveal what has been spent over £500
Contact Information
GMP Procurement are based at:
Greater Manchester Police
Procurement Unit
Northampton Rd
A telephone helpdesk is operated 8.30am to 4pm, Monday to Friday on 0161 856 1140.
We can also be contacted by email: email@example.com
Procurement Rules
As a public body, Greater Manchester Police are subject to rules and regulations imposed by EU legislation and by the Police and Crime Commissioner for Greater Manchester to promote fair and open competition for Greater Manchester Police's business while minimizing exposure to fraud and collusion.
The Contractual Standing Orders are those of the Police and Crime Commissioner for Greater Manchester. Their purpose is to set clear rules for the procurement of goods, works and services. They ensure a system of openness, integrity and accountability where the probity and transparency of the process will be beyond reproach. This leads to better value for money and give confidence to all concerned that the Authority is fulfilling its fiduciary responsibilities.
Opportunities and How to do Business
Police Forces in the northwest region utilise a common electronic tendering tool (branded "Bluelight") to advertise and conduct quotation and tender exercises.
The following website provides a portal for prospective suppliers to view upcoming tender opportunities and register on our e-Tendering system: https://bluelight.eu-supply.com/
Please use the following link to access a list of contracts GMP currently uses:
Bluelight Police Database
Please use the following link to access reports revealing expenditure over £500:
Expenditure over £500


text:
Need help keeping track of your department's finances? Check out the next four weeks of FMS training classes available to the campus community:
Class locations will be verified at the time of registration. A class schedule, detailed descriptions and a registration form can be found online at http://www.cwu.edu/~pmits/fms_safaritraining/FMSTrainingSchedule.htm
Please note that registrations for all FMS classes close two days prior to the date of the class. Classes with no registrations will be canceled two days prior to the date of the class.
If you are new to your position, please ensure that you have requested the appropriate FMS access at least a week prior to the date of the desired class.
The FMS access form may be found online at


text:
Free Entry
Feel like a swim, just need to cool down? Challenge yourself in the City of Logan's only 50 metre Olympic pool. If you're looking for a more relaxing experience, there's always the heated 23 metre fitness pool, or the 25 metre learn-to-swim pool. Out of the water, you can work up a sweat in the fitness centre and health club, or cook a barbie and chill out beside the shaded family leisure pool.


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Our state pages show results from a 300-mile radius from the middle of the state. If you don't find the results you expected, then try using a zip-code radius search here. >
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Interbike: New helmets coming for 2009
Giro debuts new lids; Bell; Lazer; Spiuk; LAS; Louis Garneau
Giro will retire a couple of long-standing favourites in its helmet lineup for 2009. The new Saros road model will push aside the popular Pneumos while the nearly identical Athlon will replace the venerable E2.
Both feature multi-piece in-mold microshell construction with Roll Cage internal reinforcement, 23 large and well-channeled vents, and Giro's excellent Roc Loc 4 retention system. While Giro pegs the US$120 Saros as a road helmet, the Athlon's included tilt-adjustable visor apparently turns it into an off-road race lid and tacks on another US$10 in the process.
The top-end Ionos and Advantage 2 road and aero helmets carry over unchanged from last year in terms of function but new colour 'lockups' mean that racers, club teams and the like can now switch between road and time trial events and still maintain the same look.
Giro will also jump into the cycling glove market with ten all-new men's and women's models that cover the range from road racing to downhill. Common features include an interesting three-panel 'Super Fit' palm construction that Giro claims is better tailored than most and minimised bunching for a more comfort and better grip.
The top-end Lusso road model features a real Cabretta leather back, a Pittards leather palm and strategically placed Technogel padding that is supposedly better able to disperse shock and pressure than most gels. All the way at the other end is the downhill/freeride-specific Remedy with its armored mesh back, padding-free Pittards leather palm, microfiber thumb, and high-tech d3o crash pad.
All of Giro's new gloves are slated for market release around January 2009.
Bell challenges the excuses
Bell's new Array
Ultra-premium high-end helmets are still the hottest-looking end of the segment but it's arguably the mid-range where we're seeing the most advancement for the general consumer. Bell's new Array carries a modest US$100 price tag but also high-end features such as well-channeled ventilation, an internal reinforcement cage and the company's latest height-adjustable TAG (Twin Axis Gear) retention system.
Almost more importantly, the Array looks more expensive than it is with its slick shape and six available colours. We'll work on nabbing one of these for official review to see just how close Bell's latest model performs to top-end lids but already suspect this to be a strong value leader for 2009.
Lazer rolls with it for 2009
Lazer's Tardis, designed to get you to the finish before you started
Lazer will expand use of its exceptionally easy-to-use Rollsys circumferential retention system to four additional models for 2009.
Save for the external 'white carbon' reinforcements, the new Helium road helmet looks virtually identical to the existing Genesis but its target weight is nearly 100g lighter at 220g. The Helium's dual-density foam liner deserves most of the credit for the weight loss but more aggressive internal channeling shaves a few grams as well while also improving airflow, too.
Rollsys will also be included in the new Tardis aero helmet which was still in early prototype form as of this year's Interbike show. Though wind tunnel testing is still pending, Lazer plans to borrow some aero know-how from its Belgian neighbor, Ridley. Leading edges on the Tardis will feature drag-reducing surface textures similar to what was introduced on Ridley's latest Noah and Dean frames and Lazer also plans to employ dimples on the tail section.
The Tardis will also use a unique 'aqua vent' right up top. Even the best aero helmets aren't nearly as well ventilated as road models and Lazer envisions that riders can dump water directly on to their melons during a ride through this port to cool themselves down. Special padding and channels will then apparently distribute water throughout the interior in a somewhat controlled manner.
Off-road riders will get the new Nirvana with its increased rear coverage and venting that is tuned for the slower speeds typically encountered on the trail. A removable visor will come standard and Lazer has even specifically shaped the Nirvana's front surface to make it easier to mount lights.
Finally, BMX and urban riders might find interest in the new Crux. Lazer isn't exactly sure how the lightweight microshell model will be received what with its expensive-for-the-segment US$80 projected price tag but feels the Crux's substantially lighter weight and better fit will make up for it. One thing is for sure: the planned overlapping two-layer shell certainly offers a unique look so we'll have to wait and see whether or not it'll be accepted.
Spiuk elbows its way in
Spiuk Daggon
Spiuk showed off its latest Daggon helmet atop the heads of the Agritubel squad at this year's Tour de France and now that we've gotten a better firsthand look at it, we like what we see even more.
The Daggon includes some of the latest tech trends in this sharp-looking lid such as carbon external reinforcements in its multi-piece in-mold shell and we expect the deeper internal channeling to deliver better ventilation than before.
Spiuk's usual CompactFix retention system will also be used along with its full-coverage insect netting. The latter can be replaced with the included conventional padding, though, for those who want maximum ventilation instead or are lucky enough to live where bugs aren't much of an issue.
Suggested retail price is US$199.99 and Spiuk will offer the Daggon in at least five different colours.
Also new for 2009 is the MTB-specific Input. Carbon reinforcements are used here as well and the 21 vents include larger exhaust ports to help evacuate hot air. Naturally, Spiuk's CompactFix retention system is also included along with a detachable visor.
Spiuk will introduce the Input in seven colours with a retail price of US$169.99.
LAS lid offers Euro style
LAS's Haxial, with its top mounted aluminium ventilator
Italian helmet maker LAS brings its Euro style to its latest Victory model for 2009. While equipped with fewer vents than the existing Haxial, the Victory's vents are bigger and presumably move more air as a result.
The one-piece internal padding includes protective netting to keep out insects and an anti-bacterial treatment wards off odour. Claimed weight for a small sample is 230g.
Speaking of the Haxial, one of that helmet's most distinctive features is its unique top-mounted aluminum 'ventilator' that supposedly helps suck in cooling air. One can debate the scoop's functionality but its continuous surface also provides a convenient canvas for customisation. Simply submit a photo to LAS and the company can apply the image for your very own one-off lid.
New lids from Louis Garneau
Louis Garneau's very ventilated Diamond
Louis Garneau's new Diamond road helmet boasts a whopping 40 vents in its in-molded microshell yet it's not so much the number of vents, but rather the type, that makes it so interesting.
Several of the Diamond's vents are of the so-called Venturi style whereby incoming air is supposedly accelerated as it moves through the port. If they work as claimed, the vents should move far more air than their small size would suggest. Even if they don't work, though, the other vents are sizeable and seem well-placed so it might not even matter.
Riders competing against the clock will get the new Superleggera which is roughly 80g lighter than the existing Rocket Air and also better balanced to reduce neck strain. A dimpled front half is designed to reduce drag and an optional polycarbonate windscreen can also be added.


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paxpelus needed a new web page design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 63 designs submitted by 13 freelance designers.
Pharmazac is a pharmaceutical company. The products of the company includes, vitamins, sprays, pills etc for various diseases of the human. The company creates this products but it also has a delivery system in order to deliver them in various pharmacies.
Our audience is people interested in Pharmazac's products. Usually these are people searching for a pharmaceutical product that the company provides.
The audience sometimes as well might be doctors or pharmacies interested on the products.
Or requirements are clear and simple.
We do not want anything fancy. We need a simple, elegant and easy to follow webpage.
The colors will possibly include Blue and Green as in the logo uploaded.
We are open to any suggestion but the result must not be fancy, but professional.
We need the users to feel cosy and comfortable when entering the website and at the same time we need it to look elegant and clear.
Of course as you understand we don't want to use dark colors but simple tones of white.
1) Users must be able to select the language (English - Greek)
2) We need a clear header area similar to the Example Website below.
But we are open on any inspiring idea.
3) Besides the 1st level menu we need the page to have a 2nd level menu, in similar way as the Example Website
4) We would love a nicely designed footer
5) The 1st level menu will include - Company - Activities - Products - Contact
6) The 2nd level menu must not be fixed as on some page it might include 2 items and on some others it might include 5-6 items.
7) On the top right (or any other place you find appropriate) we want to include the following Links. Jobs, Links, Company News.
8) A search textbox is welcome but not required.
Not available
We really like the header and the way the photo of the header continues to the left and right of the page. We also like the menu but we are open to any suggestions that include more color.


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Who is the Most Popular Athlete in Maine?
Who is the most popular athlete in the state of Maine?
Based on the average number of monthly Google search queries, it is none other than Tom Terrific, himself.
Tom Brady was the most popular athlete in three other states, as well: New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Vermont, though, likes Tiger Woods. Huh? And Connecticut? LeBron James. Oh, please.
Okay, it probably didn't take a rocket scientist to figure that out the Patriots quarterback would fare well in New England, but some of the other names on the list, released Tuesday by Best Tickets, are intriguing.
For instance, Texas A&M quarterback and Heisman winner Johnny Manziel is the most popular athlete in Texas, and University of Kansas freshman Andrew Wiggins tops the list in Kansas and, inexplicably, Kentucky.
Denver Broncos quarterback Peyton Manning was the most popular in four mountain states (Montana, Colorado, Wyoming and New Mexico) as well as his former stomping grounds of Tennessee and Indiana.
LeBron James was the most popular athlete in 23 of the 50 states.
Also of note: There are no baseball players on the list.


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I'm not one for these matte dusting powder thingies because I think they feel so weird – they're like powdered silicone so they feel soft of cold, then a bit sticky, then like glue and a bit like gel…yes, quite odd.
Having said that someone suggested to me to treat it like a dry shampoo – I hate dry shampoo although I'll tolerate it in desperate times such as when;
1. There's no water left in the world
2. There's no shampoo or soap left in the world
3. You're being a dirty stop out.
So with that in mind, here is the Schwarzkopf Osis Dust It 24 Hour Volume Effect Powder:
They say:
Osis Dust It Mattifying Powder has a lightweight texture to assist the natural movement of your hair and help add texture for a matt finish. Dust It has Osis control level 1 (light) for natural movement and style.
Hmm…Actually I don't mind this stuff. I used this when I had the greasy times, and it did totally take away that horrible oil slick on my head.
Now the thing is – it is supposed to add volume – I didn't really want the volume but it did totally add lift at the roots and made my hair poof – like how these young 'uns like to have their hair these days. I can't moan about that because that's what the product is SUPPOSED to do.
The other thing is it adds a matte effect to your hair. I see how that's on trend but I like shiny hair so I kept this to roots only.
Actually, I have no use for this in normal hair circumstances (unless I was doing a up do and wanted some grip – my hair is very slippy and this creates some resistance).
However I have been using it to touch up the roots if I feel they are a little bit skanky and it works well and is far more invisible than a dry shampoo that leaves a greyish cast.
Check it out here for £9.75.


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Aromatherapy Soy Vegepure candles are an eco-friendly blend of food grade soy and vegetables waxes with 100% essential oils. They are renewable, sustainable and melt clean and cool.
Romance - Ylang Ylang and Jasmine Small Tin
The powerful aroma of luxurious Jasmine combined with euphoric Ylang Ylang are blended to enhance a romantic atmosphere.
Approximately 15 hour burn time.


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Terje, Jamie, and Bjorn … a photo essay.
Photographyby Chris Owen, Introduction by Billy Anderson
What would you do if you won the lottery? I always dreamed of riding endless powder runs with my best friends and snowboarding heroes.
Last summer I did win the lottery. I didn't really win the "Lotto," but I had the opportunity to put together the trip of a lifetime. Once Volcom committed to making a snowboard film for the 2004/2005 season, I wanted to get it started on the right foot. So what do you do? Grab a legend or two and head south for the summer to New Zealand. I invited Terje Haakonsen, Jamie Lynn, and Bjorn Leines. The next ten days were filled with endless powder runs, helicopters, chocolate cake, and many memories.
-Billy Anderson New Zealand Club Fields
By Ste'en Webster
Club Fields, as they're referred to, are the perfect way to get a unique experience in New Zealand. They're anything but commercial and corporate-they bring your mountain experience back to the pure basics: snow, food, and bed. Some of New Zealand's sickest terrain can be found in the various Canterbury Club Fields just a few hours' drive from the international airport in Christchurch.
The origin of "Clubbies" comes from a time when ski fields were first developed in New Zealand, which started as early as the mid 1900s. Back then, it took the concentrated efforts of a group, or club, to develop a chosen area for skiing. It took five years alone to build an access road and another five before a donated tractor engine could be installed to run a modest rope tow. Huts were run communally by members with worker bees or donations. Guests were always welcome but were encouraged to become members and pitch in their fair share.These days, surprisingly little has changed at the Club Fields in New Zealand, except that they're open to all comers, with standardized rates that usually include food, accommodations, and lift fees. Facilities have improved, but only on par with Club finances-which means surface tows are still the norm. No club can really afford a chair, and once it can, the status seems to elevate to something other than a club field. Chairlifts are the domain of corporate cash-nutcrackers are the only way to go!
They seem to serve a dual purpose: not only do they efficiently give you vertical elevation (if you survive the ride), but they are an excellent means of crowd control. Once you make it to the top, you'll be amazed at the available terrain-most or all of it ungroomed. And then you'll start to notice even sicker lines within easy hiking distance.
One way or another, the club fields are guaranteed to stoke. Don't visit New Zealand without checking them out!
Mount Olympus
A giant steep basin of cliffs, chutes, and backcountry lines-it can take weeks to track out the place.
Lifts: 4 rope tows
Ticket: $45
Lodging: Top Hut, $50 with meals. Bottom Hut, a more rugged self-catered option, $20
Web site: mtolympus.co.nz
Mount Cheeseman
Rolling steep pistes surrounded by a solid ridgeline with accessible backcountry hiking for the gnar.
Lifts: 2 T-bar, 1 grip-tow
Tickets: $45
Lodging: Snowline Lodge with meals and lift tickets: $124, or the Forest Lodge
Backpackers six kilometers down the access road, $22
Web site: mtcheeseman.com
Temple Basin
A load of epic "inbound backcountry" terrain spread out over four basins. The high-Alpine environment is a giant natural terrain park with awesome variety-dream snowboard terrain.
Lifts: 3 rope tows, 1 fixed grip
Tickets: $38 (including night skiing)
Lodging: $48 with breakfast ($35 without)Web site: templebasin.co.nz
Craigieburn The terrain is steep and deep and almost entirely advanced. It's uncrowded, with good access to plenty of backcountry riding-as if the inbounds wasn't enough …
Lifts: 3 rope tows
Tickets: $44
Lodging: Koroheke Lodge $65, and Matuhi Lodge $80, including dinner and breakfast
Web Sitee: Craigieburn.co.nz
*All prices in New Zealand dollars for club field adult non-members. Reserve all lodging ahead of time!


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Isuzu UTE Genuine Accessories are the perfect way to enhance and personalise your Isuzu.
All accessories in our extensive range are precision engineered to ensure you receive the highest quality and correct fit, every time.
NOTE: Not all accessories are compatible with all D‑MAX models. Specifications, features and availability may vary dealer to dealer and may change without notice. Please contact us prior to placing an order to obtain current information on prices, features, specifications and availability. Isuzu UTE Australia Pty Ltd will not be liable for any loss whatsoever arising from reliance on this information.
Warranty for Isuzu UTE Genuine Accessories fitted by an authorised Isuzu UTE Dealer at the point of sale of a new Isuzu UTE vehicle are covered for three (3) years or 100,000 kilometres, whichever occurs first; Isuzu UTE Genuine Accessories fitted by an authorised Isuzu UTE Dealer after the delivery of a new Isuzu UTE vehicle are covered for one (1) year or 40,000 kilometres from the date of accessory purchase, whichever occurs first; Isuzu UTE Genuine Accessories not fitted by an authorised Isuzu UTE Dealer are warranted from the date of purchase for one (1) year or 20,000 kilometres, whichever occurs first. Further details on warranties and associated disclaimers are available from Isuzu UTE Australia Pty Ltd upon request.
§The maximum capacity of the Roof Rails is 60 kilograms; however, capacity varies depending on the Cross Bars, load dimensions and weight distribution. ~D-MAX models with an existing 5-star ANCAP rating retain this rating when fitted with an Isuzu UTE genuine bull bar. ‡Rear bumper not included on SX models. †In-Mirror Reversing Camera is compatible from 12MY D-MAX models fitted without an audio display system, please check your vehicle's compatibility with us. #Central locking mechanism is also compatible with some 15.5MY D-MAX models. Fitment cost may be higher, please check costs and compatibility with us.
*Fitted RRP (including GST) for Isuzu UTE Genuine Accessories fitted at authorised Isuzu UTE Dealers. Based on RRP for accessory, standard labour time and recommended hourly labour rate. Please consult with us for details.


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White Anchovies
These are so great, delicate and delicious
Thank you for looking at our web site! We are excited being able to show you what we do and all of the products that we cook ourselves or the items that we carry. Our fresh counters have many food items, lunch meat, cheeses, salads, etc. that you can enjoy without any preparation and we have the traditional and modern ingredients for your cooking. We buy our supplies with our customers in mind so they are authentic, high quality and priced for value. The traditional delicatessen, that we are, strives to supply you with, provisions, so you can create authentic meals which make up Italian home life.
We've enjoyed the diverse clientele that have come to our store, from near and far and for many different reasons. Our staff can assist you with finding the right ingredient for your recipes. We often can describe a dish and how it is prepared. Customers who love to cook and try out new recipes from cooking shows, the internet or in print find all their authentic or unusual ingredients in our store plus tips on how to use them
Thank you for your patience while we work on our web site. Please come in or call us for information on what you are looking for. Our goal is to have this web site enhance our customer service as we continue to be traditional and be connected to the contemporary life. While we hope to have a complete site that covers many aspects there is nothing that can beat the personal touch so please contact us.
Individual pages of the web site will serve to show you what the page is showing. On specific pages we will also show you how it is typically cooked and served. Some items we will show you the best cooking methods. We hope to have a set of interesting variations of how people use it. An example is with our spinach vegetarian ravioli that is served with our marinara sauce but they also make a great deep fried appetizer. We will also review recipes and ideas from our customers and when we find something that catches our attention we will add it to the site. We are always interested in how our customers use our food in different ways.
We have some great prices on key items as well as good value in the store. Our specials page and our sale items will list the best deals. Our buying power enables us to pass on low prices to our customers on key items on a continuous bases.We have selected a unique high quality lunch meat selection, especially the prociutti and imported cuts, that are well priced. The dry pasta variety is outstanding for those looking for the exact shape. We are a leader in Parmigiano Reggiano from Italy always cut fresh and on sale. Every area in the store has it's specialty.


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Arnold, Nicole
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Segars, Kristi
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Smith, Carla
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HANG TIME SOUTHWEST — No team in NBA playoff history has ever lost a best-of-seven series after surging ahead 3-0. So the odds of one team choking it away are worse than a freak Midwest snow storm in the heart of spring.
Suddenly we have two teams trying to make it rain on their opponents' parade.
The Boston Celtics and Houston Rockets return to their respective home arenas Friday night with the objective of extending their first-round series to the wire after losing the first three games. Trying to avoid postseason infamy and outright humiliation is the second-seeded New York Knicks, the clever characters who dressed in black on Wednesday for a Game 5 "funeral" at Madison Square Garden. However, as Knicks Sixth Man of the Year J.R. Smith dutifully pointed out afterward, they were the ones that got buried by the resilient Celtics.
Over in the Western Conference, the eighth-seeded Rockets in Game 5 dominated a discombobulated Oklahoma City team without their heart-and-soul point guard Russsell Westbrook. Former Thunder guard James Harden splashed seven 3s for Houston and scored 31 points.
So what are the odds that either the Celtics or Rockets can at least get their respective series to a Game 7? Cloudy, at best.
Only three teams down 3-0 have ever won the next three to go the distance: The Knicks did it against Rochester in the 1951 Finals; the Denver Nuggets against the Utah Jazz in the 1994 West semifinals; and the Portland Trail Blazers in the 2003 West first round. The latter two were double-digit victories for the home team.
"Mainly because the other team is a lot better," Los Angeles Lakers coach Mike D'Antoni said when asked why teams down 3-0 typically bow out in Game 4 as his injury-depleted club did against the San Antonio Spurs.
And truth be told, if Westbrook doesn't tear the meniscus in his right knee, the Thunder are likely sitting back waiting to see if the Memphis Grizzlies close out the Los Angeles Clippers in Game 6 or if those two are headed back to L.A. for one final bludgeoning.
But Westbrook's absence has changed everything. The Rockets, the youngest team in the playoffs as the Thunder once were, are feeling confident. They have to believe that if they continue to run-and-gun and don't allow anyone not named Kevin Durant to go crazy that they have a great chance to force a Game 7 back at Oklahoma City on Sunday.
The Celtics, logic insists, don't have as good a chance as Houston because they don't have a built-in opening like the Rockets with the catastrophic injury to the all-important Westbrook. The Knicks aren't missing a star player. They possess the league's scoring champion in Carmelo Anthony (18-for-59 from the field in Games 4 and 5), the Sixth Man in Smith (suspended for Game 4, 3-for-14 in Game 5), last season's Defensive Player of the Year in Tyson Chandler, a more threatening offense and they're deeper at just about every position, if not at every position.
But, as long as Paul Pierce and Kevin Garnett are wearing green — and add cold-blooded Jason Terry, a champ himself in 2011 with Dallas — the Celtics just don't die. A raucous TD Garden on Friday will put the Knicks' veteran poise to the test.
The Knicks must dig down to avoid the No. 1 derogatory label in all of sports — chokers. And the Thunder must figure out how to pick themselves up without Westbrook.
The odds remain steep for the Celtics and Rockets. Then again, as Jason Collins proved this week, there's always a first for everything.