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Edward III, byname Edward of Windsor, (born November 13, 1312, Windsor, Berkshire, England—died June 21, 1377, Sheen, Surrey), king of England from 1327 to 1377, who led England into the Hundred Years' War with France. The descendants of his seven sons and five daughters contested the throne for generations, climaxing in the Wars of the Roses (1455–85).
Early years
The eldest son of Edward II and Isabella of France, Edward III was summoned to Parliament as earl of Chester (1320) and was made duke of Aquitaine (1325), but, contrary to tradition, he never received the title of prince of Wales.
Edward III grew up amid struggles between his father and a number of barons who were attempting to limit the king's power and to strengthen their own role in governing England. His mother, repelled by her husband's treatment of the nobles and disaffected by the confiscation of her English estates by his supporters, played an important role in this conflict. In 1325 she left England to return to France to intervene in the dispute between her brother, Charles IV of France, and her husband over the latter's French possessions, Guyenne, Gascony, and Ponthieu. She was successful; the land was secured for England on condition that the English king pay homage to Charles. This was performed on the king's behalf by his young son.
The heir apparent was secure at his mother's side. With Roger Mortimer, an influential baron who had escaped to France in 1323 and had become her lover, Isabella now began preparations to invade England to depose her husband. To raise funds for this enterprise, Edward III was betrothed to Philippa, daughter of William, count of Hainaut and Holland.
Within five months of their invasion of England, the queen and the nobles, who had much popular support, overpowered the king's forces. Edward II, charged with incompetence and breaking his coronation oath, was forced to resign, and on January 29, 1327, Edward III, aged 14, was crowned king of England.
During the next four years Isabella and Mortimer governed in his name, though nominally his guardian was Henry, earl of Lancaster. In the summer of 1327 he took part in an abortive campaign against the Scots, which resulted in the Treaty of Northampton (1328), making Scotland an independent realm. Edward was deeply troubled by the settlement and signed it only after much persuasion by Isabella and Mortimer. He married Philippa at York on January 24, 1328. Soon afterward Edward made a successful effort to throw off his degrading dependence on his mother and Mortimer. While a council was being held at Nottingham, he entered the castle by night, through a subterranean passage, took Mortimer prisoner, and had him executed (November 1330). Edward had discreetly ignored his mother's liaison with Mortimer and treated her with every respect, but her political influence was at an end.
Edward III now began to rule as well as to reign. Young, ardent, and active, he sought to remake England into the powerful nation it had been under Edward I. He still resented the concession of independence made to Scotland by the Treaty of Northampton. The death of Robert I, the Bruce, king of Scotland, in 1329 gave him a chance of retrieving his position. The new king of Scots, his brother-in-law, David II, was a mere boy, and Edward took advantage of his weakness to aid the Scottish barons who had been exiled by Bruce to place their leader, Edward Balliol, on the Scottish throne. David II fled to France, but Balliol was despised as a puppet of the English king, and David returned in 1341.
Hundred Years' War
During the 1330s England gradually drifted into a state of hostility with France, for which the most obvious reason was the dispute over English rule in Gascony. Contributory causes were France's new king Philip VI's support of the Scots, Edward's alliance with the Flemish cities—then on bad terms with their French overlord—and the revival in 1337 of Edward's claim, first made in 1328, to the French crown. Edward twice attempted to invade France from the north (1339, 1340), but the only result of his campaigns was to reduce him to bankruptcy. In January 1340 he assumed the title of king of France. At first he may have done this to gratify the Flemings, whose scruples in fighting the French king disappeared when they persuaded themselves that Edward was the rightful king of France. But his pretensions to the French crown gradually became more important, and the persistence with which he and his successors urged them made stable peace impossible for more than a century. This was the struggle famous in history as the Hundred Years' War. Until 1801 every English king also called himself king of France.
Edward was present in person at the great naval battle off the Flemish city of Sluis in June 1340, in which he all but destroyed the French navy. Despite this victory his resources were exhausted by his land campaign, and he was forced to make a truce (which was broken two years later) and return to England. During the years after 1342 he spent much time and money in rebuilding Windsor Castle and instituting the Order of the Garter, which became Britain's highest order of knighthood. A new phase of the French war began when Edward landed in Normandy in July 1346, accompanied by his eldest son, Prince Edward, later known as the Black Prince (born 1330). At first the king showed some lack of strategic purpose, engaging in little more than a large-scale plundering raid to the gates of Paris. The campaign was made memorable by his decisive victory over the French at Crécy in Ponthieu (August 26), where he scattered the army with which Philip VI sought to cut off his retreat to the northeast. Edward laid siege to the French port of Calais in September 1346 and received its surrender in August 1347. Other victories in Gascony and Brittany, and the defeat and capture of David II at Neville's Cross near Durham (October 1346), gave further proof of Edward's power, but Calais was to be his only lasting conquest. He ejected most of its French inhabitants, colonizing the town with Englishmen and establishing there a base from which to conduct further invasions of France. Nevertheless, in the midst of his successes, want of money forced him to make a new truce in September 1347.
Edward returned to England in October 1347. He celebrated his triumph by a series of splendid tournaments. In 1348 he rejected an offer to become Holy Roman emperor. In the same year the bubonic plague known as the Black Death first appeared in England and raged until the end of 1349. Its horrors hardly checked the magnificent revels of Edward's court, and neither the plague nor the truce stayed the slow course of the French war, though the fighting was indecisive and on a small scale. Edward's martial exploits during the next years were those of a gallant knight rather than of a responsible general. Although the English House of Commons was now weary of the war, efforts to make peace came to nothing, and large-scale operations began again in 1355, when Edward led an unsuccessful raid out of Calais. He harried the Lothians, part of southeastern Scotland, in the expedition famous as the Burned Candlemas (January and February 1356), and in the same year he received a formal surrender of the kingdom of Scotland from Balliol. His exploits were, however, eclipsed by those of his son Edward, whose victory at Poitiers (September 19, 1356), resulting in the capture of the French king, John II (who had succeeded Philip VI in 1350), forced the French to accept a new truce. Edward entertained his captive magnificently but forced him by the Treaty of London (1359) to surrender so much territory that the agreement was repudiated in France. In an effort to compel acceptance, Edward landed at Calais (October 28) and besieged Reims, where he planned to be crowned king of France. The strenuous resistance of the citizens frustrated this scheme, and Edward marched into Burgundy, eventually returning toward Paris. After this unsuccessful campaign, he was glad to conclude preliminaries of peace at Brittany (May 8, 1360). This treaty, less onerous to France than that of London, took its final form in the Treaty of Calais, ratified by both kings (October 1360). By it Edward renounced his claim to the French crown in return for the whole of Aquitaine, a rich area in southwestern France.
The years of decline: 1360–77
The Treaty of Calais did not bring rest or prosperity to either England or France. Fresh visitations of the Black Death in England in 1361 and 1369 intensified social and economic disturbances, and desperate but not very successful efforts were made to enforce the Statute of Labourers (1351), which was intended to maintain prices and wages as they had been before the pestilence. Other famous laws enacted during the 1350s had been the Statutes of Provisors (1351) and Praemunire (1353), which reflected popular hostility against foreign clergy. These measures were frequently reenacted, and Edward formally repudiated (1366) the feudal supremacy over England still claimed by the papacy.
When the French king Charles V, son of John II, repudiated the Treaty of Calais, Edward resumed the title of king of France, but he showed little of his former vigour in meeting this new trouble, leaving most of the fighting and the administration of his foreign territories to his sons Edward and John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster. While they were struggling with little success against the rising tide of French national feeling, Edward's want of money made him a willing participant in the attack on the wealth and privileges of the church. Meanwhile, Aquitaine was gradually lost, Prince Edward returned to England in broken health (1371), and John of Gaunt's march through France from Calais to Bordeaux (1373) achieved nothing. Edward's final attempt to lead an army abroad himself (1372) was frustrated when contrary winds prevented his landing his troops in France. In 1375 he was glad to make a truce, which lasted until his death. By it, the only important possessions remaining in English hands were Calais, Bordeaux, Bayonne, and Brest.
Edward was now sinking into his dotage. After the death of Queen Philippa in 1369 he fell entirely under the influence of his greedy mistress, Alice Perrers, while Prince Edward and John of Gaunt became the leaders of sharply divided parties in the royal court and council. John of Gaunt returned to England in April 1374 and with the help of Alice Perrers obtained the chief influence with his father, but his administration was neither honourable nor successful. At the famous so-called Good Parliament of 1376 popular indignation against John of Gaunt's ruling party came at last to a head. Alice Perrers was removed and some of Gaunt's followers were impeached. Before the Parliament had concluded its business, however, the death of Prince Edward (June 8, 1376) robbed the Commons of its strongest support. John of Gaunt regained power, and the acts of the Good Parliament had been reversed when Edward III died.
Edward's character
Edward III possessed extraordinary vigour and energy of temperament; he was an admirable tactician and a consummate knight. His court was the most brilliant in contemporary Europe, and he was himself well fitted to be the head of the gallant knights who obtained fame in the French wars. Though his main ambition was military glory, he was not a bad ruler of England, being liberal, kindly, good-tempered, and easy of access. His need to obtain supplies for carrying on the French wars made him favourable to his subjects' petitions and contributed to the growing strength of Parliament. His weak points were his wanton breaches of good faith, his extravagance, his frivolity, and his self-indulgence. His ambition ultimately transcended his resources, and, before he died, even his subjects sensed his failure.Thomas Frederick Tout J.R.L. Highfield
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
United Kingdom: Edward III (1327–77)Edward III achieved personal power when he overthrew his mother's and Mortimer's dominance in 1330 at the age of 17. Their regime had been just as corrupt as that of the Despensers but less constructive. The…
France: Philip VI…together with the circumstance that Edward III of England, grandson of Philip the Fair, was under the influence of his disreputable mother, Isabella of France, that probably disposed the council at Vincennes to recognize Philip as king (April 1328).…
coin: Gold coinageIn 1344 Edward III issued his fine gold series—florin, leopard, and helm (
and 1 2 florin)—but his attempt to introduce a gold currency failed. A gold coinage was finally established in currency in 1351 with a noble of 120 grains of gold and its subdivisions, the half-… 1 4
dress: Sumptuary lawsThus, in England in 1337 Edward III ruled that no one below the rank of knight could wear fur. The same law also decreed that only English-made cloth could be worn in England. This dual role of ensuring class distinctions and banning imported goods was common in sumptuary law. In…
heraldry: Quarterings and marshaling…case is that of King Edward III of England, who in 1340 claimed the throne of France in right of his mother, daughter and eventual heiress of King Philip IV. He then quartered the lilies of France (the fleurs-de-lis) with the lions (leopards) of England. England might have been placed…
More About Edward III30 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- major reference
association with
- Artevelde
- Charles V
- In Charles V
- Charles of Blois
- In Charles
- Chaucer
- Grailly
- John II
- In John II
- John IV
- Lancaster
- Louis IV


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Measuring Cable Loss
Measuring Cable Loss
Improving measurement accuracy when low-power analyzers are used.
Hits: 670 | Votes: 2 | Rating: 7.50
About Measuring Cable LossThe resource is currently listed in dxzone.com in 2 categories. The main category is Antenna and feed lines that is about Antenna feed lines and coax cables. This link is listed in our web site directory since Thursday Dec 28 2006, and till today "Measuring Cable Loss" has been followed for a total of 670 times. So far received 2 votes for a total score of 7.50/10
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As news of his death spread Monday evening, local fans of actor and comedian Robin Williams gathered at the Boulder house that served as the launching pad for his career to pay their respects.
Williams played Mork, an alien from the planet Ork, in the sitcom "Mork and Mindy," which aired from 1978 to 1982, and helped kickstart his illustrious show business career.
Mork and Mindy made their earthbound home at the Queen Anne style house located at 1619 Pine St. in Boulder.
A steady stream of supporters stopped by the old house Monday evening to leave flowers, hang signs with message of remembrance or simply sit quietly as the news sunk in that Williams had unexpectedly died at age 63.
"It's sad, especially considering how many people he made happy and made smile," Boulder's Liz Mac said, adding she particularly loved his stand-up comedy specials "He was so talented. He could become any character. He will be truly missed."
Mac and her daughter, Calli Kreloff, 19, were among several multigenerational groups of mourners at the house. Though Kreloff was mostly familiar with Williams through satirical portrayals of him, such as in episodes of the animated series "Family Guy," Mac said she once took her daughter and son to see a screening of some "Mork and Mindy" episodes at the Boulder Theater. She said she was a fan of the show when it was on the air.
Boulder resident Amanda Mahaffey brought her 8-month old daughter, Rosie, with her to the house. Mahaffey said she used to love the show and put on an episode for her young daughter after hearing the sad news.
"It amazed me how strongly I felt about it actually. I just couldn't stop crying," Mahaffey said. "He was really an unparalleled talent as a comedian."
Even U.S. Representative Jared Polis stopped by, tweeting out a photo of himself in full Mork costume in front of 1619 Pine St. Monday evening.
The opening of "Mork and Mindy" featured Williams and co-star Pam Dawber driving through portions of Boulder. And while most of the show was shot in a California studio, a few scenes were shot locally.
One of them involved Mork roller skating down Flagstaff and the Pearl Street Mall. The New York Deli, now the site of Hapa Sushi, was a regular hang-out on the show.
Local real estate broker John McElveen worked as a stand-in and body double for Williams on the show back when the two men had "the same build, same nose, same coloring, same hair," McElveen remembered.
"He was a really kind, sensitive guy on a personal level, and when you got to know him he was a really quiet guy, actually," McElveen said. "But he could flip that switch."
The two crossed paths about 10 years ago in a San Francisco restaurant owned by Williams, McElveen said, and Williams spent 15 minutes at his table laughing, joking and entertaining the group he was with.
"Every time I drive down Pine Street I look over at that house. Those were fun times. Some great times," McElveen said. "But it will certainly take on a different flavor now."
Contact Camera Staff Writer Joe Rubino at 303-473-1328 or email@example.com


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Rated as the top hospital in Kansas and Kansas City, we provide world-class patient care and are a destination center for complex care and diagnosis.
Through world-class research and exceptional patient care, our NCI-designated cancer center is working toward a world without cancer.
Serving Kansas through excellence in education, research and community engagement; KU Medical Center operates the Schools of Medicine, Nursing and Health Professions.
A complete online guide to information about the hospital and our services.
The University of Kansas Health System strives to protect your medical information and keep it private.
Resources and information for physicians and healthcare professionals.
Make an appointment, submit a comment, contact a patient or staff member.
(913) 588-1227
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Request an Appointment
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Rubber plant
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Exposure to juice or sap from these plants or a puncture wound from the thorns (if present) may produce a skin rash or irritation.
The list of poisonous plants on this web site does not necessarily include every poisonous plant that is known or that might be found in a home or yard. The University of Kansas Hospital does not advise eating any of the plants on this web site. We discourage the use of any of these plants for self medication. The information on this site is taken from the literature, and the degree of reliability is unknown. In case of accidental exposure or ingestion, contact the Poison Center 1-800-222-1222.
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Serves: Makes 1 serving
- 1 serving angel hair pasta
- 7 shrimp, peeled and deveined
- 2 tbsp. fresh squeezed lemon juice
- 1 tbsp. olive oil
- Salt
- Pepper
- Grated Parmesan
- Dried parsley
Procedures:Cooking time in microwave: 7 minutes.
The Lékué Pasta Cooker is much faster than making pasta on the stove-top because you don't have to wait for the water to boil, plus, it's a 3-in-1 pot, strainer and mixing bowl.
* Testing conducted on 800W microwave. Follow the packaging instructions and adjust to your microwave and tastes.
Place the pasta in the Lékué Pasta Cooker. Add enough water to cover the pasta. Place the lid on and cook in microwave for 4 minutes.
Remove lid and add the shrimp to the container. Replace lid and cook for for an additional 6 minutes.
Remove from microwave, flip the lid and drain the water.
Add the olive oil and lemon juice directly to the container, then add the Parmesan cheese.
Gently mix around to coat the pasta and shrimp. Season with salt and pepper.
Sprinkle with a little dried parsley and parmesan cheese before eating.


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Earlier this year we published an in-depth description of the design, construction, and performance on a novel new air valve introduced by Bosch Rexroth Pneumatics. Click here to view the article.
Recently, Wolf Gerecke and Christophe Champouillon, two members of the development team at Bosch Rexroth, provided an even closer look at their AV03 valve.
Click here to learn more, including how they fit so much into such a small space, the high-strength plastic used for constructing the valve, how they increased flow rate by 40% over conventional valves, and the built-in features that enable it to fit into many different configurations..
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Okay, so what if summer isn't "official" til after Memorial Day. There should be no reason why you can't be checking out all the awesome boardshorts trending right now. Consider it a great thing that you're being 'prepared' for fun, sun and FINALLY getting to jump into that lake, pool, ocean or whatever you've been imaging while submerging yourself in the bathtub this winter.
You all know who Hurley is right? Hope so, because they're pretty popular and if you haven't noticed yet, Hurley is rocking the boardshort universe right now with their Phantom Boardshorts line.
4X Winner of the SIMA (Surf Industry Manufacturers Association) boardshort of the year award!
To give you an idea of just who all thinks the Phantom boardshorts are cool…
Oh My GOSH! Is that Justin Bieber reppin a pair of Hurley Phantom 4D boardshorts? Sing its praise Biebs!
What a catch Tom Brady! No, we aren't referring to Gisele, sorry. It's the touchdown he made when he chose to wear the Hurley Phantom plaid Puerto Rico boardshorts.
Why is the Hurley Phantom Boardshort so cool?
Aside from the Phantom's awesome graphics and vibrant coloring, this boardshort is constructed like a European sports car; top of the line performance, speed and slick style.
Phantom 4-Way Stretch
Almost all of the Phantom boardshorts are 60% stretch or more. The great thing about this is that it proves the Phantom is more durable in the water because it will flex and move with you, but it will not stretch out; loosing its shape. You feel protected while in the water, but you're not inhibited by the boardshort.
Performance Water Repellency (PWR)
Hurley uses Nike Performance Water Repellency (PWR) technology for the Phantom boardshort. If you visit hurley.com this is explained really well. PWR is best-explained using umbrellas, no really; tons and tons of tiny umbrellas represent the water repellency of your Phantom boardshorts. The more of those super tiny umbrellas you have the better the water repellency of your boardshorts and the softer the fabric is. Voila! Less chaffing, meaning no uncomfortable rashes for you Mr. Water enthusiast.
Optimum Weight
This cool feature ties in with the PWR really well. Imagine carrying a full bucket of water. Now, imagine if you were wearing that full bucket of water. Get the idea? Back to the umbrellas again. Those little guys are really doing their job when you get in the water by shedding that water away, so that the Phantom maintains its "optimum weight" even when your in the water providing a flexible, quicker, more agile boardshort.
The Phantom Boardshort is made of recycled material
Got to give them props for going green. Hurley Phantom boardshorts are made from recycled PET bottles; exactly 12 water bottles go into making each pair of Phantom boardshorts. Kudos to Hurley for making an impact by doing something sustainable.
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Maybe the horizontal stripes featured on the Hurley Phantom Horizon boardshort is more of your taste.
But, whatever your flavor is, summer is quickly approaching and the Hurley Phantom boardshort as well as Glik's has all your style needs. Visit gliks.com or any Glik's store location nearest to you!


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DETROIT (Reuters) - Mitsubishi Motors Corp is recalling 6,496 Outlander Sport crossover vehicles in the United States and Puerto Rico for three different issues related to brake lights, fuel gauges and shifting the vehicles out of park, federal regulators said on Wednesday.
Model year 2013 Outlander Sport vehicles made from June 11 to September 11 last year may have brake lamps that either work intermittently or illuminate continuously without the pressing of the brake pedal, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration said on its website.
The same vehicles may also allow drivers to shift out of park without depressing the brake pedal, NHTSA said.
There are 4,539 vehicles affected in the United States and Puerto Rico, the company told NHTSA.
Also, model year 2013 Outlander Sport AWD (all-wheel drive) vehicles made from June 11, 2012 to December 11, 2012 may have fuel gauges that register the incorrect level of gasoline remaining in the fuel tank, NHTSA said.
Mitsubishi said it expects that only 14 of the 3,724 recalled in the United States have the defect, which was caused by an issue with the wiring that registers fuel tank levels.
Some of the affected vehicles could have both the brake lamp problem and the fuel gauge issue, making the total number of recalls 6,496 vehicles, Mitsubishi Motors spokeswoman Namie Koketsu told Reuters.
Mitsubishi told regulators it will notify owners of the affected vehicles to repair the problems.
(Reporting by Bernie Woodall in Detroit and Yoko Kubota in Tokyo; Editing by Gerald E. McCormick)
(This story was refiled to show that the total number of recalled vehicles was 6,496, not 8,263 in the first paragraph; vehicle name corrected to "Outlander Sport" not "Outlander"; and adds a seventh paragraph to explain that some vehicles are target of recall for two problems)


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God N in his ShellVisit FAMSI to query the Maya Vase Database to
find more examples of God N, both in and out of his shell.
Count by Muhammad Muquit
Dynamic DNS by TZO.com
Searches by Google
I run on Fedora
I'm Valid HTML
I use valid CSS
Robots, Obey!
Member since 2007
Batteries Included!
Pages: 27; Rows: 9


text: On Fri, 14 Dec 2007, Mark Hahn wrote: > (it also depends on whether your glibc contains a malloc that > switches to mmap for large allocations rather than sbrk, etc.) I was looking at that the other day wondering why the maximum RAM & data segment size limits set by Torque with -l mem=2g were not being enforced. After a bit of head scratching I tracked it down to the fact that between somewhere around glibc 2.3 the old malloc() implementation using brk() was ripped out and replaced with one that uses mmap() for allocations of 128KB or more. Unfortunately the kernel implementation of mmap() doesn't check the maximum memory size (RLIMIT_RSS) or maximum data size (RLIMIT_DATA) limits which were being set, but only the maximum virtual RAM size (RLIMIT_AS) - this is documented in the setrlimit(2) man page: > RLIMIT_AS > The maximum size of the process's virtual memory > (address space) in bytes. This limit affects calls > to brk(2), mmap(2) and mremap(2), which fail with > the error ENOMEM upon exceeding this limit. (it also says that RLIMIT_RSS hasn't worked since 2.4.29, which seems to be born out by a quick grep of 2.6.24-rc3 I have to hand) In other words you can set a low memory limit of say 10MB with: $ ulimit -m $((10*1024) and then run a program that allocates 2GB RAM in large chunks successfully and only fails when it tries to request a trivial amount of RAM. :-( I've submitted a patch for Torque to set RLIMIT_AS as well as RLIMIT_RSS & RLIMIT_DATA. cheers, Chris -- Christopher Samuel - (03) 9925 4751 - Systems Manager The Victorian Partnership for Advanced Computing P.O. Box 201, Carlton South, VIC 3053, Australia VPAC is a not-for-profit Registered Research Agency -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: signature.asc Type: application/pgp-signature Size: 189 bytes Desc: This is a digitally signed message part. URL: <http://www.beowulf.org/pipermail/beowulf/attachments/20071214/9a1aab49/attachment.sig>


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Last updated: July 10, 2013
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Location. Secret Bay is located on the beach in Portsmouth, close to Fort Shirley and Cabrits National Park. Another point of interest is Morne… more »
Price (US$):
$299 - $450 / night
Location. Rosalie Bay Resort is located on the beach in Rosalie and local attractions include Boiling Lake, Morne Trois Pitons National Park, and… more »
Price (US$):
$134 - $149 / night
Location. Calibishie Lodges is located near the beach in Calibishie and attractions in the region include Morne Diablotin National Park, Cabrits… more »
Atlantique View Resort & Spa, an Ascend Collection hotel
Price (US$):
$305 - $306 / night
Location. Atlantique View Resort & Spa, an Ascend Collection hotel is located in Anse de Mai and local attractions include Cabrits National Park… more »
Price (US$):
$150 - $151 / night
Location. Silks Hotel is located in Marigot and near the airport. Morne Diablotin National Park, Mero Beach, and Morne Trois Pitons National Park… more »
Dominica is a part of the region of Central America and is a Caribbean island country between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago. It is often known as "The Nature Island of the Caribbean" due to its spectacular, lush, and varied flora and fauna, which are protected by an extensive natural park system. The most mountainous island of the Lesser Antilles, its volcanic peaks are cones of lava craters and include Boiling Lake, the second-largest, thermally active lake in the world. Should not be confused with the Caribbean nation of the Dominican Republic.
Tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall. Flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months.
Rugged mountains of volcanic origin.
Dominica was the last of the Caribbean islands to be colonized by Europeans, due chiefly to the fierce resistance of the native Caribs. France ceded possession to Great Britain in 1763, which made the island a colony in 1805. In 1980, two years after independence, Dominica's fortunes improved when a corrupt and tyrannical administration was replaced by that of Mary Eugenia Charles, the first female prime minister in the Caribbean, who remained in office for 15 years. Some 3,000 Carib Indians still living on Dominica are the only pre-Columbian population remaining in the eastern Caribbean.
Administrative divisions. 10 parishes: Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter
Visitors from the United States, Canada, Singapore and European Union nations are granted automatic visas on entry for up to 21 days (with extensions available). Other nations should check with Dominica immigration before traveling.
There are two airports in Dominica, Melville Hall (DOM) and Canefield (DCF). Most commercial flights land at Melville Hall. However, the airport is not able to accommodate jet aircraft. Night Landing has been approved starting at the beginning of October 2010; however, many airlines have not yet adjusted their itineraries to accommodate the added landing hours. The island can be accessed through San Juan, Antigua, Barbados, St. Maarten, Martinique, Guadeloupe and other Caribbean hubs.
From Martinique and Guadeloupe ferries on most days of the week. Arrival in Roseau.
Cruise ships increasingly visit. A large pier serves many directly in front of the downtown area. If already occupied, ships dock at the industrial port about 1.5 miles away.
As far as freedom of movement and exploration a car can be invaluable. Though small the island's tightly turning mountain roads make for relatively long journeys and a hair-raising experience. Driving is on the left hand side of the road and there are various car rental agencies at both airports. Road Runner Car Rental is an excellent choice, offering a variety of 4x4 vehicles at bargain rates.
See One week in Dominica for a sample one-week itinerary around the island.
Languages : English (official), French patois
Hiking trip, biking, ATV tours, or zip lining- Enjoy nature and experiencing the greenery and wildlife in their own habitat. Dominica offers a trek through the rainforest on some of the best biking or hiking trails. The ATV tours are exhilarating. They are a great way to cover a large area of the island. And, zip lining gets you right in the middle of the forest with an amazing view and a thrilling ride!
Scuba Diving, waterskiing, jet skiing, kayaking or other water sports- Scuba Diving or snorkeling in Dominica allows you to see ocean life from a whole new perspective. Waterskiing and jet skiing are a challenging, fast-paced ride. And kayaking or canoeing provide an alternative to the ocean and let you experience the rivers and inland bodies of water throughout Dominica.
Whale watching, dolphin watching, or boat tours- See beautiful sea creatures swim the open waters on a Dominica whale or dolphin watching trip. And, take a boat tour around the island to photograph Dominica's exotic scenery and historic site seeing spots.
Canyoning or rock climbing- Dominica rock climbing and canyoning is an encouraging and motivating experience. It tests strength and agility while experiencing some of the most breathtaking views of Dominica.
Festivals or special events- Dominica is known for their many island events. The Caribbean Islands love food, music, and celebration. Whether it's a cultural gathering or a music festival Dominica offers it.
Spa treatments and relaxation- Many of Dominica's resorts offer spa vacation services on the premise for a convenient way to get rejuvenated for the next day of activities.
The best local handicrafts are Carib made baskets. The earth tone colors come from burying the fibers in the ground for different lengths of time. U.S. citizens (likely others) need to ensure that the materials from which they are made allow them to be taken back home.
Dominica is also well known for its music, so be sure to buy some local music while you are on the island. Genres range from jazz, reggae-dancehall, calypso & soca, to Cadence-lypso and Bouyon and which are popular Dominican genres. Visit during the last weekend in October and be treated to the World Creole Music Festival or if you can't make it, ask for the best local artistes, and be aware of pirated copies!
Many kiosks and vendors line the shore at the main cruise ship dock. One excellent leather store faces the dock on the other side of the road. Just a short block inland lies a packed, open-air market with perhaps the island's best selection of souvenirs.
Look out for cacao sticks to make cocoa tea as a nice souvenir to take back home.
Freshly squeezed grapefruit is ubiquitous and is perfect with every meal. Coconut water is cheap and readily available by the side of the road. Another local specialty is sorrel. This red refreshing drink is brewed from the flowers of an hibiscus specie common also in Jamaica. The popular locally brewed beer is Kubuli. Ask your hotel to set up a tour of the brewery.
There are many vendors of fruit juice in Roseau. Almost without exception this is non-pasturised fruit juice with water and sugar added. The added water is usually chlorinated tap water. A juice vendor known as Pal sells his juice by the area where one can find a bus to Portsmouth. Pal is one of the most enthusiastic and knowledgeable fruit vendors on the island. He sometimes has juice from rare fruits.
Quenchi is a local soft drink which comes in many different flavors. It can be found in every village (with diet varieties at the IGA in Roseau).
Sorrel, known as the christmas drink for its red colour (and because it only flowers around christmas) is made from boiled flowers. It tastes heavenly.
Avocado pear juice can be purchased in some small cafes and is certainly worth a try. Other flavours include soursop, passionfruit, grapefruit, orange, lime, beetroot.
Many accommodations on the island are outside of the towns. For in-city accommodations, see the respective city articles.
All work permits are valid for one-year duration and can be renewed. An application involves the submission of two completed copies of the relevant form together with the following supporting documents;
Work Exchange at Nature Island Eco-village Tourist permits do not permit work for money, however, work trade is not forbidden.
Tap water is safe to drink, but since it is sometimes drawn straight from Dominica's many rivers, it has a tendency to turn brown after heavy rainfall. It's better to drink the bottled water available almost anywhere.
Basic healthcare is available at Princess Margaret Hospital in Roseau.
North Americans moving to Dominica often experience boils for the first time and fingernail and toenail fungi. Stomach problems are rare among travellers.
Towns are sprayed with insecticides periodically to control the mosquitoes responsible for spreading Dengue fever. However, the spraying may not be done at the scheduled time and pesticides may drift into your home if the windows are open.
In the high lands and uninhabited central regions water is gathered at roadside springs. Sometimes the bus will stop and passengers will fill their water bottles. Locals prefer the taste of this water to bottled water. Public water is bacterially safe to drink due to heavy chlorination and has the expected chlorine flavor.
Area code is 767, on the North American exchange.
Digicel is a local cellular company which provides prepaid plans for those visiting for short periods. Cable & Wireless and Orange also provide cell service.


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World AIDS Day in Swaziland has a particularly profound meaning, as Swaziland has the highest HIV prevalence rate in the world. The recent PEPFAR-supported Swaziland Health Incidence Measurement Survey (SHIMS) -- the first such comprehensive survey of its kind on the impact of key HIV prevention programs -- indicates that 31 percent of the adult population is living with HIV. It is a staggering number and one that all persons working in the health field in Swaziland has at the forefront of their minds each and every day as they participate in the national fight against the disease. Without a doubt, achieving an AIDS-free generation represents a serious challenge in the Kingdom of Swaziland, but one that we are committed to addressing with our many partners in the country.
The United States government is working together with the Swazi government, the people of Swaziland, and numerous health and development organizations to face that challenge through our PEPFAR Partnership Framework. A recent event I attended demonstrates how the Swazi government, through our PEPFAR support, is using science to ensure that the interventions to address the AIDS pandemic represent the most strategic approach to preventing new infections and mitigating the impact of HIV/AIDS on the people of Swaziland.
On November 7-9, 2012, the Ministry of Health of the Kingdom of Swaziland hosted its second National Health Research Conference, supported by PEPFAR. This event brought together both Swazi and international decision-makers, health practitioners, researchers, and academics to examine HIV in Swaziland, to share the latest findings and to ask the important question, "Is our current approach to fighting HIV the most effective based on science?"
This conference was not an academic exercise carried out by distant scientists. Everyone participating at the conference has been touched by AIDS. There was no one present in the conference hall who didn't want to succeed in this fight and everyone recognized the value of research in helping us get there. Research will help ensure that Swaziland is making smart decisions in shaping programs to meet the health needs of its people, while also making maximum use of limited health resources. The Swazi Ministry of Health is taking a leadership role in using science and research to create a stronger response to the pandemic. Our PEPFAR program is supporting the Ministry of Health by investing in building Swaziland's research capacity. It was very clear during the National Health Research Conference that this is an investment that will have a lasting and positive impact on the health of the Swazi people.
It was inspiring to witness the conference itself, but also exciting to imagine the potential impact of a more science-based approach. This new emphasis on implementation of local research findings into the creation of more effective interventions could bring us that much closer to the AIDS-free generation for which we are aiming.
All of us working on this huge challenge in Swaziland are inspired every day by the increasing engagement of young people, students, community leaders, average citizens, civil society organizations, and government officials, to help attain the goal of an AIDS-free generation. Every time I visit a school in which the children present their hopes for a healthier future, challenge government to provide the care and treatment for their communities, and accept responsibility for protecting their bodies to prevent new infections I am moved by what is indeed possible. As the country commemorates World AIDS Day, the prospect of more effective, science-based interventions to save lives of the people of Swaziland and greater ownership for addressing the problem by all is truly something to celebrate.
Related Content: World AIDS Day 2012 -- PEPFAR's Blueprint for an AIDS-Free Generation


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March 30, 2005
CAMBRIDGE, MASS. - The MIT softball team recorded a 6-2 win over Regis College in its home-opener on Wednesday. Originally scheduled as away game, the rain from earlier in the week resulted in a change in venue. Carly Saylor almost hit for the cycle, tallying a single, double, and a triple. The Engineers improve to 3-6 on the year while the Pride drops to 4-6.
Tech's Adrianne Hee led off with a walk and then advanced to second on a passed ball. Amanda Poteet hit a sacrifice bunt which moved Hee to third. Cheryl Texin blasted a triple to right field, bringing Hee home. A RBI single by Saylor was followed by a single from Leah Bogsted. MIT posted two consecutive outs, ending the inning with a 2-0 advantage.
Both sides had 1-2-3 innings in their next at-bats. In the bottom of the second, Melissa O'Donnell hit a lead-off single for Regis. Blair Benander reached on an error as O'Donnell advanced to third. Benander then stole second base. Courtney Coles tallied a single which scored O'Donnell. After a foul-out and a strikeout, Nicole Mesurri kept the pressure on by reaching on an error that scored Benander. The Pride loaded the bases as a result of another MIT error. The Engineers got out of the inning with a force-out at home.
The game remained tied at 2-2 until the top of the fifth, when MIT took a three-run lead. Poteet got the rally going with a triple to center field. Texin was walked and then stole second. Saylor cleared the bases with a triple. Batya Fellman's ground out to first base allowed Saylor to score.
The Engineers tacked on one more run in the top of the seventh inning. Saylor reached on an error and then scored on Bogsted's double. Fellman contributed a single, but the rest of the side went down in order.
Hurler Leah Bogsted earned the win for MIT, as she fanned 11 batters. Veronica Coles totaled seven strikeouts for the Pride.
The next game for MIT will be on Friday, April 1 when it travels to NEWMAC foe Wheaton College.


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Mehndi Artists London Biographysource(google.com.pk)
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Bally Total Fitness Holding Corp. has called in The Blackstone Group to help it in its turnaround, said Bally Chairman and CEO Paul Toback. The Blackstone Group, a financial advisor and investment bank, will work with Bally on evaluating and refining its business plan and developing a long-term financial strategy to improve the company's capital structure and maximize free cash flow, enabling Bally to focus its financial resources on its operations. Actions taken by the company may also include the possible divestiture of non-core assets.
"Our commitment to financial strength is a key element of the company's turnaround plan. We recently closed a $275 million credit facility, including a $100 million revolving credit facility that is currently undrawn, and we have no debt maturities until 2007, making this the right time to proactively and strategically position the company for long-term financial strength and success," said Toback. "Blackstone has unparalleled expertise in this area, and their addition to our team will be an asset to both me and the board of directors as we continue to review and consider all strategic opportunities for improving the company's performance and enhancing shareholder value."
As previously announced, Bally is in the process of implementing several financial and operational initiatives as part of management's turnaround plan. Key elements of the plan include improving top-line sales growth, aggressive cost management, infusing a strong customer-service culture, and improving the overall capital structure of the business.


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$ 79.95
An updated flat with flare! The Lilyana2.0 will give you a cute yet classic style with leather origami detailing at the toe. The 2.0 feature is our new ribbed insole with comfort memory foam insole cookie allowing for unbelievable comfort that will make you want to wear this shoe all day, every day. Fit: Typically runs a half size larger than normal.


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Smooth faux suede upper in a platform mid calf boots style with a round closed toe, side fringe detail, size zipper closure for easy slip on. Smooth lining and footbed. 1 1/4 low wedge heels.
You're reviewing: TAN FAUX SUEDE SIDE FRINGE MID CALF LOW WEDGE BOOTS
© 2017 Lollicouture.com. All Rights Reserved.


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NOTICE: The page below has been permenently FROZEN as of January 2000. Due to resource limitations, this section of our website is no longer maintained, so some links may not work and some information may be out of date. We have retained this page for archive reference only, and we cannot vouch for its accuracy. Broken links will not be repaired, and minor errors will not be corrected. You are responsible for independently verifying any information you may find here.
Area 51, also known as Groom Lake, is a secret military facility about 90 miles north of Las Vegas. The number refers to a 6-by-10-mile block of land, at the center of which is a large air base the government will not discuss. The site was selected in the mid-1950s for testing of the U-2 spyplane, due to its remoteness, proximity to existing facilities and presence of a dry lake bed for landings. Groom Lake is America's traditional testing ground for "black budget" aircraft before they are publicly acknowledged. The facility and surrounding areas are also associated -- with varying levels of credibility -- with UFO and conspiracy stories. In 1989, Bob Lazar claimed on a Las Vegas television station that he had worked with alien spacecraft at Papoose Lake, south of Area 51. Since then, "Area 51" has become a popular symbol for the alleged U.S. Government UFO cover-up. [GC 8/96]
The page below is an entry point into the largest public database of information on the base and surrounding areas, assembled by the [old] Area 51 Research Center. Much about Area 51 remains a mystery, but here's what we do know.
|Recent information (2002):
|Web Search
| People & Organizations
|Selected in People File
David Adair, AFFTC, U.S. Air Force, Ali, John Andrews, Jim Goodall, Grays, John Lear, Ralph McCarron, Sean Morton, David Solomon, William Steinman, Pat & Joe Travis, Gene Huff·(1), Anthony Hilder·(2), V.L. Custer·(3), Kathleen Ford·(4), Tom Mahood·($), Aurora·(presumed·testing·location|$), George Knapp·(5), U.S. Air Force·(6), Mark Farmer·($), NRO·(7), Billy Goodman·(8), Glenn Campbell·($), Norio Hayakawa·(*), Gary Schultz·(9), Robert Bigelow·(10), Groom Lake Interceptors·(Research·interest), Bill Hamilton·(Author), Bob Lazar·(11), Richard Boylan·(*)
Footnotes for Above: (1) Active supporter of Lazar's S-4 claims.[gc] (2) Hilder claims there are genetic engineering programs at Area 51 involving missing children.[gc]-$p116 (3) ?#1-While at NTS, claims to have seen unusual craft operating from Area 51. (4) Photographer of mystery objects at the "Black Mailbox" (5) Prominet investigator of Area 51 & claims of Bob Lazar. (6) Operates base through AFFTC. (7) Vaguely implicated as base tenant. (8) Goodman led early viewing expeditions to Black Mailbox. (9) Organized early skywatches and conferences at the Little A'Le'Inn --GC. (10) Bigelow funded Lazar research following Lazar's "S-4" UFO claims. --gc. (11) Lazar's claims made Area 51 a public phenomenon.
| General Links
+indicates documents stored on this server. @indicates an index page in a different section.


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European Commission
Brussels, 8 May 2013
Proposal for a Directive on Payment Accounts - Frequently Asked Questions
See also IP/13/415
1. What does the proposal for a Directive on Payment Accounts1 include?
The legislative proposal on Payment Accounts concerns three areas:
The three areas are closely related. The measures on comparability of payment account fees allow consumers to have a complete overview of the offers on the market, and the measures on switching make it easy for them to change their account if a better offer is available. All these elements aim to reinforce competition in the financial services market to the benefit of consumers. However, to guarantee that as many consumers as possible can really enjoy the benefits of these improvements, it is essential to ensure that every EU citizen has the right of access to basic payment account services.
2. Why do we need legislation on payment accounts?
The existing rules on payment accounts are not sufficient to protect consumers. At present, there are no measures addressing the issue of fee comparability. Certain rules exist in the Payment Services Directive2 to increase transparency of payment accounts, but they do not help consumers compare the offers of different banks [more information in answer 3].
With respect to switching between bank accounts, self-regulatory measures adopted by the banking industry in 2008 have not been followed consistently and as a result consumers often face problems and delays when trying to change accounts. It is therefore necessary to establish legally binding rules which can be effectively enforced when issues in the switching process arise.
Finally, even though the Commission adopted a Recommendation in 2011 on basic payment accounts (see IP/11/897 and MEMO/11/514), very few Member States followed it up by adopting adequate measures. Given the importance of guaranteeing access to basic payment account services to consumers, the Commission considers it necessary to adopt measures of a legislative nature.
Transparency and comparability of payment account fees
1. Is there really a problem with the transparency and comparability of payment account fees?
The Commission has carried out a number of studies3 and surveys to identify if and why consumers find it difficult to understand and compare fee information. The evidence indicates that consumers are not familiar with fees associated with their payment account. When questioned about specific items of expense on their account, many consumers were unaware of the amount of fees on their account for varying reasons, including the fact that they were too complex. Most consumers surveyed indicated that they never compare the fees on their account with other payment accounts.
Generally respondents to the Commission's public consultation on bank accounts agreed that action was needed to improve fee transparency.
2. Which measures are proposed to improve the transparency and comparability of payment account fees?
The proposed Directive creates the fee information document which is a standard form document that must be given to consumers before they enter into a contract for a payment account. It must also be made available by banks and other payment services providers at all times. It lists the services most commonly offered on an account and the relevant fee. It will make use of standard terms to facilitate comparison between payment accounts offered by different providers. As a result, a consumer who would like to purchase or change accounts can easily identify the services they are most interested in and evaluate which provider charges the lowest fees. A glossary explaining the features of the services listed in the fee information document will also be made available to consumers.
Moreover, consumers must be provided with another document, called statement of fees. The statement of fees must be provided to consumers who have an account and contains information on the fees they actually paid on that account in the previous year. Banks may decide, however, to provide consumers with this information even more than once a year. The statement of fees will make use of standard terminology.
Finally, the proposed Directive foresees that there should be at least one comparison website for payment accounts available in each Member State. In addition it establishes essential quality criteria for comparison websites via a voluntary accreditation scheme, such as a requirement to be operationally independent of any payment service provider and to ensure that the information provided to consumers is up-to-date and accurate. This will help consumers to compare payment account offers quickly, at low cost and be confident that the information provided is reliable and free from bias.
3. The Payment Services Directive already introduced a set of rules to improve the level of transparency of fees for payment services. Against this background, was there a need for an EU initiative that introduces further measures to ensure comparability of payment account fees?
The Payment Services Directive addresses fee transparency by ensuring that a consumer receives the full terms and conditions linked to payment services. In practice, this information is often far too complex and long to be used by consumers. The proposals in the Payment Accounts Directive targets related but separate aspects of payment services and fees, such as the way this information is provided to consumers and the terminology used to define the core services linked to a payment account. Moreover, the proposed Directive on Payment Accounts tackles additional issues, such as the procedure for switching accounts and the question of ensuring access to a basic account for all consumers.
4. What will change for consumers?
Payment service providers will make available a standard form fee information document detailing the fees for the most representative services linked to the account at all times such as withdrawals, wire transfers and overdrafts. Consumers will then be able to compare the prices of different payment accounts easily. Consumers will also receive information about the fees actually incurred on their payment account in a standard format and on a regular basis.
In addition, the proposed Directive also promotes the use of comparison websites to provide easily accessible and inexpensive information about different payment account offers for consumers. The proposal establishes a number of safeguards, including a requirement for websites that choose to sign up to the voluntary accreditation scheme to be operationally independent of any payment service provider and provide complete and up-to-date information in order to ensure that the results are reliable and of good quality.
5. What impact will the new provisions have on payment service providers? Will all banks be required to use the same terminology? Will they be obliged to make their products uniform?
Increased fee transparency will help consumers to make more informed choices and create dynamism in the market for payment accounts.
Payment service providers will be required to make use of standard terminology in the standard form documents established by the Directive. Standard terms will only be developed for a set of most representative services. As a result, for all other services, payment service providers will continue to use non-standard terminology in contractual or commercial documentation. Where relevant, payment service providers would need to refer to terms corresponding to standard terminology in contractual and commercial documentation.
These proposals do not prevent payment service providers from providing new services or from making changes to their prices for payment accounts in any way. It is not the aim of the proposed Directive to render products uniform; rather it seeks to set up the desired degree of harmonisation in the way fee information is provided to consumers without being too prescriptive.
6. Why regulate comparison websites?
Comparison websites are increasingly available to consumers who seek to obtain information about several payment accounts in the same place and with little effort. The proposed Directive seeks to promote the use of comparison websites by ensuring that they are available in each Member State.
In addition, via a voluntary accreditation scheme, it introduces a number of quality standards comparison websites will need to comply with to ensure that consumers receive information that is relevant to their needs, reliable and of good quality. These standards include operational independence of the website, the use of plain language in describing the products on offer and the provision of complete and up-to-date information.
Payment account switching
1. What is the problem with switching payment accounts?
Consumers often find it difficult to change their payment accounts. In particular, they face complications when trying to transfer recurring payments from one account to another (such as standing orders or direct debits). Many consumers use permanent payment orders to pay utility bills (telephone, gas, electricity) so they don't have to make a specific transfer every month. Salaries are generally paid by means of permanent orders to a payment account indicated by the employee. If a consumer wants to change his account, these payments have to be transferred to the new account.
This process can be lengthy and difficult. The Commission's research showed that consumers face a number of problems when trying to switch their payments to a different account, including: delays (the process can take up to 30 days), misdirection of payments or, in some cases, insufficient information from the bank on how the switching process works, how much time it may take or whether there are fees to pay. These complications often discourage consumers from changing their payment accounts, even where other banks offer a better product. The proposed Directive aims to solve these problems.
2. Which accounts and services will be covered by the rules on switching? What are the key steps of the switching procedure?
The proposed Directive applies to all types of payment accounts opened in banks or other payment service providers located in the EU. It provides a mechanism for the switching of recurring standing orders and direct debits from one payment account to another.
The key steps of the switching procedure are the following:
3. The European Banking Industry Committee established in 2008 a set of principles to facilitate payment account switching.4 Are these principles not sufficient to guarantee an effective procedure for payment account switching?
Common Principles were adopted by the European Banking Industry in 2008. However, they were implemented in different ways by the national banking associations and banks. The result is that not all payment service providers comply with the Common Principles. As a result, many consumers still face problems when they try to switch their accounts. A mystery shopping exercise undertaken by the European Commission in 2010 to monitor the effectiveness of the Common Principles across the EU demonstrated that consumers face a number of problems when trying to switch to a different account, including: a lack of information provided by banks (14% of consumers received no information; 32% of bank websites checked had no information on switching); switching a bank account including a standing order remains difficult (only 19% of switches with standing orders were successful); unclear information relating to timescales (no information given 79% of the time); as to compliance with deadlines, national studies showed that the 14-day timescale was not systematically complied with.
In light of these shortcomings, the European Commission has decided to take action and propose legislative measures to facilitate payment account switching both domestically and cross-border.
The main difference between the scope of the Common Principles and the proposed Directive concerns the introduction of the switching procedures for cross-border payment account switching. Consumers will be able to benefit from the mechanism established in the draft Directive when they switch between accounts held with providers located in different countries.
4. What will change for consumers? Will there be any additional costs?
All consumers who want to switch payment accounts will be offered a simple, smooth and quick switching service.
The Commission proposal aims to keep the switching service as cheap as possible for consumers. If banks decide to charge a fee for certain services, such as closing the old account, the fees applied should be reasonable. The proposed Directive provides criteria to define what constitutes a reasonable charge.
Moreover, if payment service providers do not meet deadlines or make mistakes in the procedure, consumers should not bear the economic consequences of these mistakes. The same happens in case of mistakes by third parties (such as a misdirection of payment).
5. What impact will the new provisions have on payment service providers?
Payment service providers would have to provide the switching service to consumers who request it and make information on the switching service available on their websites and in their branches.
If the consumer incurs costs because the provider failed to meet any of the deadlines established in the switching process, the service provider will have to refund those costs. In addition, consumers would be provided with an out-of-court dispute resolution scheme in case of a dispute with the service provider.
6. Does the draft Directive impose the use of specific technical means for switching payment accounts?
The draft Directive does not specify which technical means need to be introduced in order to carry out the switching process. It only lays down the principles and divides the tasks of the parties involved in the switching process. Banks are free to choose the technical means that will best serve the purpose, e.g. payment re-routing.
7. How does the Commission proposal facilitate cross-border payment account switching?
The European Commission's goal is that consumers should be able to operate in the European market as easily as in their domestic market.
The introduction of a cross-border switching service will reduce the complexity and uncertainty of the switching process, make it less costly for consumers and thereby facilitate their mobility. Consumers will have the opportunity to shop around and switch to a payment account in another Member State. This will improve competition and widen the range of products offered on the market, and in turn will lead to lower prices and better products for consumers.
Access to a basic payment account
1. What is the problem with access to payment accounts? Why is the Commission intervening?
More than 58 million EU citizens currently have no bank account. In certain countries, like Bulgaria and Romania, around half of the population does not have a payment account. According to Commission estimates, around 25 million citizens without a payment account would like one5. Some of them have been refused an account because of, for example, their financial situation. Others find the accounts currently offered on the market too expensive or too complex to understand.
Citizens without a payment account are excluded from important aspects of life in their country. They may encounter substantial difficulties with receiving their salary or social security payments. They cannot transfer money or execute transactions other than cash-based ones and are excluded from any type of online transaction or purchase, which can be cheaper. As a result, they often face higher costs and larger risks as they can only use cash. The proposed Directive aims to solve these issues.
2. What is a payment account with basic features?
Payment accounts with basic features enable consumers to carry out all the core transactions that are normally offered with a payment account, including: making payment account deposits, withdrawing cash, receiving payments (e.g. salary, benefits, pension including by means of credit transfers) and executing payment orders (e.g. paying bills, purchasing goods and services, transferring money to third parties including by means of direct debits). A payment card should be included, enabling the withdrawal of money from ATM machines and the purchase of goods and services from either physical providers (e.g. grocery store, petrol station) or online merchants (e.g. books, hotel bookings) who accept debit payment cards. Access to online banking services should also be provided.
Unlike ordinary payment accounts, payment accounts with basic features do not include overdraft facilities, and do not allow for a negative balance on the account.
Member States will determine whether payment accounts with basic features should be offered to consumers for free or at a reasonable fee. A reasonable fee should be identified at national level on the basis of a set of criteria, such as national income levels, average fees paid for an account in that Member State and the cost associated with the provision of payment accounts.
3. What will change for consumers? Will everybody, including those people who are bankrupt, or with a poor credit history, be entitled to open a payment account with basic features?
The proposed Directive will create a right for all consumers to access basic payment account services irrespective of their financial situation. Banks will not be allowed to refuse to open a payment account guaranteeing the minimum essential payment services to a consumer with poor credit history or any other type of financial difficulty.
However, banks will still be entitled to refuse access to a basic payment account to consumers if they do not comply with the rules on money laundering and terrorism financing or if they already have an account guaranteeing the basic payment services with a bank located in the same country.
4. How does the proposal address the fact that many consumers choose not to have a payment account?
There is no obligation to open an account if a consumer does not wish to do so. The proposed Directive creates an incentive for citizens who currently do not have an account, either because they have been refused one or because they are not satisfied with the products currently on offer on the market, to open a basic payment account.
Moreover, the proposed Directive targets problems of insufficient knowledge about payment accounts and payment service providers, which is often the cause for not having an account. It requires information to be given to the public about the availability of basic payment accounts, their main characteristics and how to obtain such an account.
5. Will the proposed Directive oblige all payment service providers to offer payment accounts with basic features to all consumers?
The proposed Directive will not oblige all banks to provide basic payment accounts to all consumers. Instead, the Directive will ensure that Member States identify at least one bank that will be required to offer these accounts to consumers.
6. Will people have access to payment accounts with basic features in any EU country or only their country of residence?
The aim of this draft Directive is to enable consumers who want to open and use a payment account to access basic payment services anywhere in the EU for their everyday payment transactions.
Residency should not be used as a barrier to accessing payment services for those who need them. For many years, the Commission has received letters from citizens who are refused a payment account because they are not resident in the country concerned. Such consumers are often, but not exclusively, temporary workers, students, and trainees temporarily or partially residing in the host Member State. Consumers are unlikely to open a basic payment account in a Member State if there isn't any genuine rationale for them to enter a banking relationship in that country. As far as the risk for criminal exploitation of the financial system is concerned, these practices are covered under the Directive on the prevention of anti-money laundering and terrorism financing.
7. Granting access to or closing a payment account is a commercial decision. Why is the Commission willing to interfere in the contractual freedom of payment service providers?
The proposed Directive does not state that payment service providers will have to offer all types of accounts to every individual: it focuses on what is strictly necessary to enable consumers to use the most essential payment services.
Evidence shows that consumers are denied access to ordinary payment accounts due to industry practices concerning their financial situation and place of residence in the EU. Such denials lead to a high level of consumer damage, and have a negative impact on the internal market and broader society.
'Payment account' means an account held in the name of one or more customers which is used for the execution of payment transactions. The concept is wider than that of bank account, as payment accounts can be offered by payment service providers other than banks, such as post office giro institutions. In practice however, most payment accounts are provided by banks. Bank accounts that can only be used as deposit accounts (without the possibility to do payment transactions) are not considered as payment accounts.
Commission calculations based on data from Measuring Financial Inclusion, The Global Findex Database, World Bank, April 2012, Special Eurobarometer on Retail Financial Services, European Commission, February 2012, and Eurostat.
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text: Hi Beowulf experts I've got old computer that have 32MB RAM some with 1GB hard disk and 512MB hard disk and some with 16MB RAM. How best to build a beowulf? I've looked into OSCAR but that requires large about of disk & memory. SCE & SMA also require min 256MB RAM. Have anyone built a beowulf with low spec PCs? Thanks in advance Dan


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Thanksgiving 2008 is over. We ate turkey at Mom's house. It was a traditional Thanksgiving with the turkey, stuffing and pumpkin pie and more. Nobody asked if they had Mayflower ancestry. Mom would have had little time to eat telling them about their ancestors and naming off all that came within a few years after the landing of the Mayflower.
While the Friday after was Black Friday for some, it is traditionally the Nebraska football game for us. And what a game it was this year when they won over Colorado. I can remember going to the stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska the day after Thanksgiving to attend the game. I would go with my Dad, my Grandpa and my brother. Earlier games my parents would take my brother and me to the game. Mom would longingly look at the Nebraska State Historical Society which is on campus and wish she could have a few minutes there. As the game became more interesting, she soon forgot about her genealogy.
In September 1995 Mom was in Salt Lake City doing research. Dad called her about his tickets to the Nebraska football game that weekend in Lincoln. Mom dropped everything and came home. She got off the plane, went home and repacked her luggage and they hopped in the car for the game. I would say at times Husker football is almost as high on her list as genealogy!
Mom is trying to figure out how many shoes she can pack and how many research notes and books she can cram into her carry on and big suitcases for holiday trip to Virginia. She will be leaving in a little more than two weeks to spend Christmas in Virginia with my brother. I am sure she'll find libraries, bookstores and cemeteries. They will be spending Christmas week in a mountain cabin in Virginia. I am not sure how Mom will survive without e-mail and Internet. That's why she needs to take fewer clothes (can always wash) and more books.
She also hopes to meet up with a genealogy friend in Washington, DC before coming home. They will talk non-stop genealogy (that's a strange language in case you have never heard it). I am sure she'll return with new information and also great memories of how Christmas 2008 was spent in the mountains.
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text:
June 13, 2013 10:00 ET
CALGARY, ALBERTA--(Marketwired - June 13, 2013) - Cortex Business Solutions Inc. (TSX VENTURE:CBX) reports the following network statistic updates for the month of May 2013. This report is issued by the second Thursday of each month.
Network Statistics
For a full version of this press release, including the graphs and charts, please visit: http://www.cortex.net/s/NetworkStats.asp
About Cortex Business Solutions
Cortex Business Solutions Inc. is an Enterprise eProcurement solutions company that improves efficiencies, reduces costs and streamlines procurement and supply chain processes for its customers. Accessing the Cortex Network enhances the exchange of business critical documents, such as purchase orders, receipts and invoices resulting in improved cash flow management and business controls, while reducing day's outstanding and administrative costs. Cortex is a low cost, low risk solution that can be implemented quickly by leveraging clients' existing business environment.
For more information please visit our website at www.cortex.net.
Forward-Looking Statements
Statements in this release that are forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties concerning the specific factors disclosed under the heading "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in the Company's periodic filings with Canadian securities regulators. Such information contained herein represents management's best judgment as of the date hereof based on information currently available. The Company does not assume the obligation to update any forward-looking statement.
The TSX Venture Exchange has not reviewed and does not accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of the content of this news release.
Brisco Capital PartnersScott Koyich(403) email@example.com
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text:
This weekend, Treasure Coast Doggy Days will be held at the Dog Planet facility on US 1 North in Stuart, FL.
Saturday 9am-8pm and Sunday 9am-6pm
There is an open OB contest -- 2 levels, all breeds welcome. Entry fee = $20.
There will also be:
- french ring demo
- private k9 protection demo
- police k9 unit demo
And, a silent auction for "high quality equipment".
There will also be fun contests and junior handler competitions.
I've talked to the owner of Dog Planet and, from what I understand, there will be several vendors as well as trainers.
If anyone is interested you can reach Dog Planet at (772)209-0111.
If you would like to enter your dog in any of the events send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Just thought I would let everyone know.
I'd love to see some BDB faces at the show.
Dylan and I will be there all weekend (except when I have to slip away to take care of the boarders at work).
I'm really really REALLY hoping that we can find a trainer that is right for us at this event.
I'm superpsyched about this, is anyone else??


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text:
Photos & Words: E-Stone
Last Thursday at the Canyon Inn in SLC was the season opener for Fresh Tracks Thursday Hosted by MFM and DJ Finale. Its also snow Industry night where they offer no cover to anyone who works at a ski resort or who is holding a day pass to any resort in the area.
The night went off with a good showing of snowboarders. Everyone was ready to celebrate the upcoming season and all of the powder days to come. Make sure you come down the Thursday after Thanksgiving as the crew always throws a good party and has all sorts of giveaways. Last Thursday MFM was buying almost everyone at the bar EMV and Vodka shots, they also tossed out giveaways from DVS, Technine, Skull Candy, Neff, Brighton and I even saw a few 1-year subscriptions to SNOWBOARDER mag going out to the crowd.
The highlight of my night was seeing old friend and shredder Erik Christensen. E.C. is a dope homie I used to shoot with all the time. He has graced us with some illness in more then a couple of the FODT videos as well as countless photos in Snowboarder Magazine. EC had disappeared for a while but now is back on the scene. Turns out he got into a bad situation and had to spend some time in the clink. It was nothing too serious but sometimes you have no choice but to serve a couple months in county rather then fork up the loot for bail. EC told me that when he went in he was pretty freaked out as it is a crazy place. Luckily they had some old issues of Snowboarder Magazine in the Library and word got out that EC had some photos in one of the issues. Erik said he was an instant celebrity and now had status among the inmates. They all left him alone and just commented on how he was the crazy snowboarder dude. It made his time fly by and made his sentence way easier. Thank god for snowboarding and the amazing stories and situations that come along with the lifestyle.
EC also told me he picked up a copy of the new SNOWBOARDER Photo annual and is claiming it is the best photo annual ever. Coming from him this is pretty dope. Make sure you go get one and find out for yourselves. Now lets just hope EC gets back on the snow and graces the pages of future issues of SNOWBOARDER.