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We have seen some gorgeous gowns hit the runway at the spring couture shows in Paris this week but Valentino's collection is on another level. Since these breathtaking gowns were made for the red carpet, I have decided to match each look with the actress who should wear it to the Academy Awards. Let's get started!
This was the first gown to hit the runway. Am I crazy, or would this look stunning on Anne Hathaway?
Naomi Watts: Please consider this gown!
Gwyneth Paltrow isn't nominated but if she's presenting an award, she would look gorgeous in this dress.
I think this gown is very sweet and Elle Fanning would look adorable in this Valentino look.
According to WWD, when this model hit the runway in this "black, birdcagelike cape," the audience started clapping. Did you catch my cape story yesterday? Capes are here to stay!
Rooney Mara should rock this dress when she heads to the Academy Awards. I hear she will be a presenter and her pale skin will look beautiful against this gown.
Naomi Watts likes to mix it up and I could see her trying this shorter gown at the Oscars.
Amy Adams: please stop what you're doing and contact Valentino. You were born to wear this red dress!
Sienna Miller, this is the fun, colorful gown for you. Now, how will you wear your hair?
Jessica Chastain: When you're considering Oscar looks, how about this one?
WWD said that at the end of the show, Valentino Garavani rose to his feet and was visibly emotional as he embraced the designers who succeeded him at Valentino. Who could blame him: it was a ravishing collection.
__What do you think Valentino's runway show? Do you agree with my dress/actress picks? Or, do you have a better idea? Discuss!


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Difference between revisions of "Data Access Objects (DAO)"
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The first question to answer is where to put your method. You can potentially query objects in both directions of the relation - e.g. you can return an Author object with all Chapters of that author as dependent objects or you can return a Chapter object with all authors of that chapter as dependent objects.
The first question to answer is where to put your method. You can potentially query objects in both directions of the relation - e.g. you can return an Author object with all Chapters of that author as dependent objects or you can return a Chapter object with all authors of that chapter as dependent objects.
The basic rule is: You always put your method into the DAO that corresponds to the return type of your
The basic rule is
: You always put your method into the DAO that corresponds to the return type of your . In other words: If you return chapters with authors as dependent objects then you put your method in the ChapterDAO, if you return authors with chapters as dependent objects then you put your method in the AuthorDAO
== How to implement different types of relations? ==
== How to implement different types of relations? ==
Revision as of 17:01, 1 March 2011
- 1 Normalization
- 2 The DAO pattern
- 3 DAO design problems and trade-offs
- 4 Polymorphism
- 5 Mapping Relations Between Objects
- 5.1 Where to put your method?
- 5.2 How to implement different types of relations?
- 5.3 When to load dependent objects?
- 6 Common DAO Design Errors
Before anything else you should make sure that you have a good understanding of data normalization. The DAO pattern works best for normalized data which also is very good in avoiding data corruption.
Some good introductory articles are (in that order):
- http://databases.about.com/od/specificproducts/a/normalization.htm
- http://support.microsoft.com/kb/283878
- http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/intro-to-normalization.html
The DAO pattern
Typical properties of implementations of the Data Access Object (DAO) pattern in the context of a Model-View-Controller (MVC) application as ours are:
- The DAO maps the relational database model to an OO model thereby bridging the "impedance mismatch" of these two data modeling approaches. It also sometimes hides implementation details of specific storage technologies (e.g. different database vendors). The latter is often, at least partially, delegated to a special data access abstraction layer, though (i.e. ADOdb in our case or maybe PDO in the future). DAOs are designed to decouple the controller from the relational data model and from database implementation details.
- The DAO usually implements a basic "Create-Read-Update-Delete" (CRUD) pattern to handle single instances of entity objects.
- Most of the time additional use-case specific methods are required that batch-retrieve objects to improve data access performance, populate objects differently, e.g. with or without dependent objects loaded and deal with polymorphism.
- The DAO returns domain objects (DO) that represent instances of data entities (e.g. articles, users, etc.).
- DOs contain either only values or in more recent design paradigms (domain driven design, DDD) values & domain-specific behavior. In our case we mostly stick to the value-only approach but exceptions confirm the rule and there's no problem with that. We do not usually use the data transfer object (DTO) pattern in the sense of untyped objects created on the fly to represent use-case specific data. There may be exceptions to this rule but you should try to always return fully populated DOs for better re-use of DAO methods.
- DAOs usually instantiate DOs and not the other way round except when implementing lazy-load (see below). If you can choose then you should avoid dependencies from the DO to the DAO to improve encapsulation.
DAO design problems and trade-offs
DAO design is not as straightforward as it may seem. The main challenges are caused by the "impedance mismatch" between the relational and OO data models:
- How to map inheritance hierarchies (polymorphism) to database tables via DAOs?
- How to map relations between objects (composition/aggregation) to the database (one-to-many and many-to-many relations) via DAOs?
- How to trade off performance (runtime, memory) against code re-use/maintainability and complexity?
The relational data model does not implement polymorphism out-of-the-box. This means that as soon as DOs are polymorphic we'll no longer have a clean one-to-one relationship between database entities (aka "tables") and domain objects. An object-relational (O/R) mapping will be required. The three standard O/R mappings for polymorphic objects are: Single Table Inheritance, Class Table Inheritance and Concrete Table Inheritance. I won't describe these standards here - they are well documented on the web.
The standard pattern for an inheritance mapper is like this:
In the given example, the SubmissionFileDAO will often be the only DAO required to handle access to mixed lists of files. Whenever the implementation doesn't matter you'll use the methods of the domain object DAO to access objects from the whole inheritance hierarchy. The DAO will make sure that monograph files will be instantiated as MonographFile and artwork files as ArtworkFile classes. It will also transparently convert between implementations when necessary.
To achieve this, the SubmissionFileDAO will delegate to one of the two concrete DAOs when one of its methods is being invoked. It identifies the right DAO either by inspecting the type of the object (on update/insert) or by querying the base table that contains some type indicator (on read access, e.g. genre in the case of the monograph/artwork file distinction).
To avoid unnecessary database queries the SubmissionFileDAO can also prepare data via outer joins over all class tables to be passed into the concrete DAOs. The methods of the concrete DAOs do not have to correspond 1:1 to the methods of the "orchestrating" DAO. That's the reason why they are on separate inheritance hierarchies and why we distinguish between the SubmissionFileDAO and the AbstractSubmissionFileDAO in our example.
The inheritance mapper design does not prescribe a specific database design (see the three O/R mapping strategies above). We can use all common mapping techniques.
You can use one of the concrete DAOs in your handler but only if you really want to deal with that specific domain object type. If you implement a special artwork file editing form for example it may make sense to use the ArtworkFileDAO directly. Most of the time access through the domain object DAO should be preferred, though, as it will deal with most cases and is easier to extend and maintain.
Please keep in mind that not all inheritance hierarchies are as simple as this one. There are usually multiple children to one parent class. There is often not such a clear-cut design, then. You'll have to decide which parts of the inheritance hierarchy need their own "orchestrating" DAO managing "delegate" DAOs. You can also nest DAOs into each other so that what is an "orchestrating" DAO on one level appears as a "delegate" DAO from the viewpoint of a parent class.
Mapping Relations Between Objects
The problem of mapping relations between objects to the database and back also relates to the "impedance mismatch" between objects and relational tables mentioned before. Depending on the type of relation and the way in which such relations are being used there are several options to map those relations in your DAOs:
The following questions can help you to identify the right implementation:
- To which class belong(s) the object(s) you return?
- Do you implement a one-to-many relation and the related objects are only being used in the parent object? Or do you implement a one-to-many relation with an object that is (also) being used independently of the parent object or do you implement a many-to-many relationship?
- Does the relation table contain only foreign keys or also additional attributes?
- How expensive are simpler design options in terms of execution performance? What is the cost of additional complexity of different design options and what is the maintenance cost?
Where to put your method?
The first question to answer is where to put your method. You can potentially query objects in both directions of the relation - e.g. you can return an Author object with all Chapters of that author as dependent objects or you can return a Chapter object with all authors of that chapter as dependent objects.
The basic rule is:
- For methods that read and return data: You always put your method into the DAO that corresponds to the return type of your method. In other words: If you return chapters with authors as dependent objects then you put your method in the ChapterDAO, if you return authors with chapters as dependent objects then you put your method in the AuthorDAO.
- For methods that change data (update, insert, delete): You always put your method into the DAO that corresponds to the main entity being updated.
How to implement different types of relations?
You can implement a single DAO that deals with both, the parent and the related objects at once.
By default you can query both objects in a single SQL joining their tables together and instantiate the related objects in a single load operation. If loading all options at once is too expensive then you can think of using specialized DAO methods: one that loads the dependent objects and one that doesn't (see below, performance optimization).
One-to-many or many-to-many relations of independent objects
You'll need two DAOs: one for the object being queried and one for each of the associated object types. The DAO of the main queried object will keep a reference to the DAO(s) of related objects.
You have basically three options to implement such relations in DAOs. The options are ordered by increasing performance (and complexity/maintenance cost):
- If you only want to access a few related objects then you can access them one-by-one which will keep all access code (SQL and object instantiation) in the DAO of the related object. This is the most simple implementation and if it doesn't cause any performance problems then it clearly is the preferred implementation due to it's simplicity and good potential for re-use of existing code.
- If this implementation is too expensive then you can load all related objects at once by implementing a corresponding method in the DAO of the related object. This implementation still keeps all SQL and object instantiation code for the related object in it's own DAO thereby improving encapsulation and code re-use. The disadvantage is that you'll have to implement specialized accessors that cannot be re-used as frequently as the basic accessors of the DAO.
- If this implementation is still too expensive then you can create a single SQL query that draws all required data together in the parent object's DAO and only delegate to the related object's DAO for object instantiation (calling its fromRow() method). This is the most performant method as it minimized the required roundtrips to the database. But this method requires much more complex code, breaks encapsulation and reduces re-use. It therefore only makes sense when you really have a noticeable performance problem to solve.
Relations as independent domain objects
All the above cases assume that your relation table does not contain any additional attributes but only the foreign keys of the entities it relates to each other. It's a frequent error that pure relationship tables are accessed through their own DAO rather than through one of the above mapping patterns.
It does happen, though, that relation tables themselves have properties. A good example are review assignments. While they relate submissions, review rounds and users (reviewers), they also contain a lot of additional properties like several review-related dates, status information, etc. In this case the relation table itself represents a domain object which is represented by it's own class or class hierarchy and will warrant an independent DAO. The only difference to "basic" entities is then that this domain object has a combined key.
When to load dependent objects?
You may have objects that point to too many other objects for them to be loaded immediately. Sometimes linked objects will link to other objects further increasing the amount of data to be loaded if you want to load all dependencies at once. It may even happen that you encounter endless reference loops leading to stack overflows or script timeouts.
This means that most of the time we need to make a judgment where to cut off the dependency chains. This can only be done based on specific use cases. In other words: We'll have to couple the DAO implementation at least to some extend to the controller and UI, at least in PKP's case where a fully-fledged O/R mapper is not an option.
As a basic rule we should populate as many compositions/aggregates by default as can reasonably be done without unduly hurting performance (execution time, server memory/CPU load, etc.). This means that we "avoid premature optimization" for the sake of better decoupling of the data access layer from the controller and better code re-use. It is obvious that the more dependencies are populated by default the more use cases can be served by a DAO method and the less DAO methods we'll have to write. It is wrong, though, to include data for which we have no use case just because there "might" be one in the future.
If you decide that you cannot serve all use cases by the same set of dependent objects then you can use one of the following strategies to break the dependency chain in a well-defined way:
Use-case specific DAO methods
We can create two different DAO-methods, one that retrieves a fully populated object and another that only retrieves an object with basic values set. This is often the cheapest, simplest and easiest to maintain solution. Of course this means that we introduce a certain dependency between the controller and the DAO but if the methods have at least some potential for re-use then this implementation is often the best. Code duplication should be avoided by sharing re-usable SQL snippets and object population code internally between different accessors.
Example: Implement a DAO method that retrieves an Author object with it's user group populated and another one that leaves the Author's user group null. The former calls the latter and only adds the user group. We can add an assertion to the DO, i.e. in this case Author::getUserGroup() that makes sure that the accessor is never called when the field has not been populated.
Lazy Load
We can initialize (parts of) an object at runtime when needed by depending on another DAO to retrieve the linked object when needed, i.e.
class Chapter { function &getAuthors() { $chapterAuthorDao =& ... return $chapterAuthorDao->getAuthors(...); } }
This makes sense when loading dependencies is expensive and they are not very often used. The pattern introduces close coupling between the domain object and other DAOs which potentially increases maintenance cost.
DAO inheritance
The most complex solution is that we can introduce subclasses so that we can use the general concept of an entity in use cases where we require less data and only instantiate the the more complex, specialized (and expensive) concept of an entity when really needed. See the inheritance mapper design pattern above for that case.
Please make sure, though, that the entities really implement a semantic concept that makes sense in "natural language", i.e. a concept that is not only introduced for performance but immediately makes sense to those who read the code and those who use the application.
The current specializations of Submissions into "ReviewerSubmissions" or "AuthorSubmissions" with their corresponding DAOs are anti-patterns - you shouldn't reproduce those! They couple the DAO to specific controller transactions, break encapsulation and good separation of concerns, produce duplicate code, do not improve performance and not even reduce complexity. They could be implemented much more elegantly with the other design options outlined above.
Common DAO Design Errors
Data that is not normalized
None of the reasons that may justify a deviation from third normal form (3NF) or similar normalization rules (e.g. big OLAP databases, no control over the database design, etc.) apply in our case. In an application like ours the advantages of 3NF outweigh by far the disadvantages.
Still we have got several examples of tables that are not correctly normalized. One example are tables that contain both, the file id and the submission id. The file id alone already implies a submission id (via the main submission file table in Oxx). Adding a submission id and a file id to a table means introducing the potential for data corruption. Experience shows that where data corruption is possible it will sooner or later occur. We already had plenty of bugs due to insufficiently normalized data.
DOs that instantiate themselves via their corresponding DAO
We had cases where a DO instantiated itself via its own DAO and copying this code across the inheritance hierarchy. This is not the same as the above lazy-load pattern! While under some circumstances it may be ok that a domain object lazy-loads other objects via their DAOs, it's not ok that a domain object instantiates itself via its own DAO.
Compositions that are not part of the concept of an object
Sometimes you may be tempted to introduce a dependent class into an object just for a single use case. You shouldn't do that. Always pass your design by the "natural language test". Does it make sense to say "my object has-a xyz object" (composition) or "my object is-a xyz object" (inheritance). If not then you should think again and find out where the information should live from a domain object model perspective.
It is especially bad to partially copy properties of other objects into your object rather than copying the whole object as a dependency.
See this for an anti-example:
class Author { ... function getLocalizedUserGroupName() { $userGroup =& $userGroupDao->... return $userGroup->get...(); } ... }
This is wrong for two reasons:
- The user group name is a property of the user group and not of the author. It is wrong to say that "the author has-a user group name". It would only be correct to say "the user group has-a name".
- An author can be part of several (author) user groups. So copying over a single property won't work anyway.
If we allowed that then we'd also have to implement Author::getUserGroupRoleId(), Author::getUserGroupPath(), etc. all by re-instantiating the same DAO over and over again.
(This is real code by the way that was part of our code base...)
What's really the case is that the author belongs to (aka "has") user groups and not a user group name. So the correct "lazy-load" implementation would be:
class Author { ... function &getUserGroups() { $userGroups =& $userGroupDao->... return $userGroups; } ... }
See bug report 5231 for further examples and discussion of this error.
Coupling DAOs to the controller
A very frequent error is that DAOs are coupled too closely to controllers without any necessity. This happens when DAO methods are implemented for single use cases (transactions) only needed in a single controller and retrieving very specific data that could easily be retrieved by using more re-usable methods, too.
This also includes creating role-based DAOs (like AuthorSubmissionDAO) or DAOs that are fraught with concerns like transaction authorization that should be dealt with on a controller level.
Creating DAOs for relation tables
Relation tables are not entities in their own right as long as they do not carry their own properties. When a relation table contains nothing but foreign keys then it is not a candidate for a DAO. See the paragraph on many-to-many relationship mapping above for the right DAO-design in this situation.
Implementing methods in the wrong DAO
The rule that DAOs should only return objects of the entity type they are named after is very often being disregarded. Plenty of examples can be found in DAOs like the Reviewer/Author/SectionEditorSubmission DAOs that do much more than a DAO should.


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LeBron James is said to be "mulling" making a bid for the presidency of the NBA players association.
Oscar Robertson held that post longer than any NBA player in history.
To this day, Robertson remains the biggest name to have served his fellow players in that capacity. And as one of the game's true Olympian figures, Robertson cannot imagine a better candidate than James, who is on his way to similar heights.
"Yeah, he'd have to think about it — I think he would have an excellent situation," Robertson said in a phone interview Thursday evening. "I think if he was president of the players [union], he would excel like he does on the basketball court. I guess, maybe now with all the advice and the consultants and things, it would be a different situation."
Robertson, the NBA's legendary "Big O" during his Hall of Fame career in Cincinnati and Milwaukee, served as president of the National Basketball Players Association from 1965 to his retirement in 1974. Those were some of the league's, and the union's, most tumultuous years, when the two sides hammered out the makings of today's so-called "player-owner partnership" mostly by colliding repeatedly into each other.
Big O key in early labor battles
Organized by Celtics great Bob Cousy in 1954 and further established by his Boston teammate Tom Heinsohn from 1958-65, the union in 1965 still was fighting for what now would be considered bare essentials: pay for preseason games, better medical care, the concept of an All-Star "break," modest bumps in meal money and pensions, and a boost in the minimum player salary — out of FOUR figures. All of the strategies and jargon that were in play during the 2011 lockout, like cancelled games and filings with the National Labor Relations Board? Those were in play in the 1960s, too, when the NBPA's power base was a lot more tenuous.
"Actually, I was naïve when I started," Robertson said. "I didn't know anything about it. Sometimes it's fate, what happens. So I just got involved. I didn't know anything about the union whatsoever — I knew what it was because I was in it, but as far as how to run it, it was on-the-job training for me."
The American Basketball Association (ABA) sprang up in 1967, exacerbating tensions between the NBA's owners and the players. By 1970, with salaries bid ever higher and the two leagues in merger negotiations, the union filed an antitrust lawsuit to block such a move, given its impact on their employment and freedoms. The players sought to abolish the college draft and the option clause in standard contracts that bound them to their teams in perpetuity. Acrimony spiked, and a lawsuit in the matter soon became known for the union president's name attached to it: the Oscar Robertson suit.
"I'm glad that I was a star," Robertson recalled Thursday. "Because if I was a mediocre player, I wouldn't have lasted very long. Because in those days, the league hated you as a player rep and they wanted to get rid of you."
Robertson, now 74, wasn't just a star. He was the LeBron James of his day (or vice versa). Many people know of him as the master of the triple-double — in 1961-62, he famously averaged at least 10 points, 10 rebounds and 10 assists for an entire season. What too many neglect, of course, is that Robertson averaged 30.8 points along with those 12.5 rebounds and 11.4 assists.
Even fewer realize that the 6-foot-5, 205-pound guard averaged a triple-double over his first five seasons in the league: 30.2 ppg, 10.4 rpg and 10.6 apg in 384 appearances from 1960-61 through 1964-65.
Robertson's game gave him a voice, not unlike James in Houston at All-Star weekend in February. On that Saturday, at the union's membership meeting at the Hilton, James commanded the room by probing and leading the discussion of NBPA executive director Billy Hunter's job performance and ethics, outgoing president Derek Fisher's role, the members of the union's executive committee and the very future of the association.
James and veteran Jerry Stackhouse, through their comments, questions and actions that afternoon, reportedly imposed order on a group spinning out of control. Stackhouse, who recently told FoxSports.com that the union hopes to name a replacement for Hunter (and acting director Ron Klempner) sometime after Christmas, isn't expected to be active as a player this season.
But James' star power as a possible NBPA president could boost the union's credibility and impact.
Stars have tradition of taking NBPA spotlight
The star-driven NBA has had, for more than a decade, a union driven by role players. What Cousy, Heinsohn and Robertson began, others such as Bob Lanier, Isiah Thomas and Patrick Ewing continued. But since 2001, Michael Curry (2001-05), Antonio Davis (2005-06) and Fisher (2006-present) have headed the NBPA.
Through the union's first 47 years, 10 players served as president; seven wound up in the Hall of Fame and the 10 combined for 75 All-Star selections. In the past 13 years, Davis' 2001 All-Star appearance stands alone. None of the last three presidents is headed to Springfield.
That didn't preclude them from being effective — Fisher worked tirelessly and often thanklessly through the prickly lockout two years ago. But the clout that comes with star status — James has two NBA titles with the Heat, four MVPs, Olympic gold and more — can help immensely, Robertson said.
"I felt I commanded a lot of respect from a lot of different ball players, when you say something to the guys," Robertson said. "And if you're friendly with 'em, other than playing basketball, it will help also."
Finding NBA stars willing to take on the role, while sacrificing time and outside earning opportunities, has gotten more difficult. Robertson thinks it has something to do with the stakes these days.
"That's always been [an apathy] problem with some guys," he said. "But you look at it over the years, with all of the problems they've had, a lot of players because they're making money, they just don't get involved. They don't need to — it might hurt you selling a pair of shoes or a headband or something."
Robertson: NBPA prez a job of 'sacrifice'
People can debate the merits of a union president who dominates All-NBA teams vs. one who relates (and earns similarly) to the league's middle class. Either version will wind up logging long hours. "There's no doubt about it, it's a sacrifice," Robertson said. "Especially if you do a good job. If you do the job [the way] they're going to have confidence in you, sometimes it gets a little lonely. Until something happens.
"I didn't think about whether it was hard or not [to make time]. It was an opportunity. There was an awful lot going on when I was with the players association, a lot of changes that needed to be done. Some we did right, some we didn't."
Robertson is proud of the gains achieved by the NBPA during his tenure. The Robertson lawsuit triggered negotiations that led to free agency, as well as a settlement that paid more than $4 million to then-current players and another $1 million in union legal fees. Pensions improved and the minimum salary tripled on his watch.
Only a handful of his peers or players since have thanked him for his service, Robertson said ("But I didn't do it for that anyway"). He also said he paid a professional price. Robertson was dropped after one season as color analyst on the NBA's network telecasts because, legend has it, some owners bristled at such a prominent role for the player who sued them.
On the other side of the ledger, however, Robertson points to the strides they all made. "Look at the money guys are making now," he said. "Look at the [charter-jet, luxury-hotel] travel. There's an orthopedic doctor at the games. You get better meal money. You have a right to go to other teams if you don't have a valid and existing contract with your team.
"There's no doubt about it — we were there during some [pivotal] years for the NBA."
So there are some of the pros and cons, in Robertson's view, as James mulls a potential candidacy: The time commitment, the opportunities skipped, the politics involved, knowing when to delegate and so on. The Hall of Famer said he would be willing to advise James, if asked. Also, Robertson's old friend Jim Quinn — the attorney who worked on the lawsuit four decades ago and helped broker the lockout settlement 20 months ago — is again working with the NBPA in its search for Hunter's replacement.
The union's greatest challenge now? "Getting rid of personality tiffs. That kills you," Robertson said.
"Somebody gets upset … because somebody doesn't like what you're doing, and they start this current going against you. A lot of players, when they start to make millions of dollars and they get agents who also are afraid to have their little nest egg cut off, that's what happens."
James, through force of personality and basketball superiority, might be the right choice to stem that.


text:
Express. Home of the Daily and Sunday Express.
Republic win courtesy of late goals
Last-gasp goals from Robbie Keane and Kevin Doyle saved the Republic of Ireland's blushes as they came from behind to clinch a dramatic 2-1 victory over Kazakhstan.
Giovanni Trapattoni's men looked set for an embarrassing defeat when Kairat Nurdauletov glanced home after an insipid performance from the visitors.
Kazakhstan, ranked 116 places below Ireland, controlled almost all the second half until Keane scored from the penalty spot after 87 minutes and Doyle blasted home in the dying seconds to hand the beleaguered Trapattoni a much-needed three points.


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Who are you? Really. Ask yourself that. The first step to making a presence is knowing who you are. The one thing that should always be consistent throughout your brand, (yes, you are a brand), is your name. Occasional name changes aside, your name always be the same. But when upcoming rapper, let's call him "Kid Magic", releases new music and his YouTube account calls him "K.I.D. Magic", song title calls him "KidMagic", Twitter calls him "Kiidd Magic", and so on and so forth, how are his fans supposed to connect to his brand?
(Keep reading)


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KnitPro Interchangeable Circular Knitting Needle Cables - Black Plastic - 80cm - Product Description
- Resilient, flexible cables lay flat, with no kink or twist – easy to store
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Important note -
The length mentioned on the cable (60cm, 80cm, 100cm etc) is always measured from tip to tip as per standard industry practice. This length is achieved only after connecting the interchangeable needles to the cable.
40cm cables are meant to be used with the Short Interchangeable Needles only. Here again the length of 40cm is measured from tip to tip after connecting the special short interchangeable needles to the cable.


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3. Combined digital TV, broadband and phone deals: Providers
that offer triple play broadband, phone and digital TV deals often
offer the best savings. You get a single monthly bill for all your
digital services, often with extensive savings, either from special
offers or discounts.
In the UK there is a wide variety of broadband providers to
choose from. In fact, when you run a postcode check using our free
broadband search tool, you're actually searching over 11,000
available deals from tons of providers!
The main UK broadband providers are BT, Virgin Media, TalkTalk and Sky, taking the majority of the market, with
relative newcomers like Plusnet, Primus and DirectSave Telecom offering
compelling deals to tempt you away from the big four.
Supermarkets and department stores are even becoming broadband
providers - you can get your internet service from Tesco or John
Lewis, and get clubcard points or discounts on internet-connected
It's easy to see why choosing a broadband provider in the UK is
complicated, and why it's a good idea to get a little expert advice
from independent advisors who are there to support you & ensure
you get the best possible deal.
Give Simplifydigital's friendly comparison & switching
experts a call on 0808 163 7069 and they'll help you compare
providers in your area.
1. Broadband only providers. These suppliers only offer
broadband services, without a landline or digital TV options, and
include Virgin
Media and Tooway satellite broadband, which works by
sending and receiving internet signal via satellite.
2. Broadband and home phone providers. Also known as 'double
play' providers, these suppliers offer broadband and home phone
services with a line rental requirement and include Sky, TalkTalk, BT, Virgin Media,
Plusnet, Primus and Directsave
3. Broadband, home phone and digital TV providers. Also known as
'triple play' providers, these suppliers offer all three digital
services in a combined, money-saving bundle, and include TalkTalk, Sky and Virgin
Internet service providers (ISPs) operate in different areas of
the UK. While the government and local government are working hard
with suppliers to roll out more broadband options across the UK,
we're still a few years away from having almost 100 per cent
coverage in every area from all providers.
To find out which ISPs operate in your area, use the broadband
provider availability checker tool on this page. Simply enter your
postcode and hit 'show' to see the providers that offer services
highlighted. You can then click through to that provider's page,
and see deals that are available in your area.
The easiest way to compare offes from internet services is to
call Simplifydigital's team of friendly advisors on 0808
163 7069. We'll compare all the providers with
available packages based on first year cost to show you the
cheapest deal in your area, and we can also advise you of the
fastest deal in your area, or the best value combined broadband,
phone and TV package where you live. It takes the guess work out of
picking a deal and helps you make sure you're getting the right
Some broadband suppliers specialise in cheap deals that could
save you a considerable amount on your monthly bills.
Simplifydigitial is here to help you find the best value packages
in your area, based on first year cost, so give us a call on
0808 163 7069.
The reason we measure the cost-effectiveness of a broadband deal
by its first year cost, is because this includes any setup or
installation fees, as well as the cost of broadband, line rental
and digital TV (if you've added digital TV to your package). It's
the best way to get a true understanding of how much your broadband
deal really costs.
In order to measure first year costs of broadband packages
available in your area, pop your postcode into the 'compare deals'
box at the top of our homepage or broadband deals page. You'll see
all the available packages from suppliers in your area, ranked by
first year costs, and quickly establish what the cheapest broadband
service is for your postcode.
Primus, DirectSave
telecom, Plusnet and Tesco offer compelling cheap broadband packages
with a range of discounts and special offers available.
Speaking of special offers, did you know that it's possible to
get a cheap 'triple play' phone, TV and internet package from a
best selling broadband supplier like TalkTalk, Virgin Media or Sky during a special offer event and get half
price, or even free broadband, depending on the promotion? It's
always a good idea to call Simplifydigital before you settle on a
deal, to see if there's an even cheaper option.
Some UK broadband suppliers offer superfast fibre optic
broadband, either on its own or as part of a combined package,
including Virgin
Media, Sky, TalkTalk, BT and Plusnet.
To compare fibre optic broadband suppliers quickly and easily,
give Simplifydigital's friendly, independent advisors a quick call
on 0808 163 7069.
We'll compare high speed internet plans in your area based on
the cheapest first year costs and the highest available speeds, as
well as download allowance and what you need out of your
If you have also been thinking of upgrading your digital TV
subscription, we recommend bundling all your services with a single
supplier and getting a combined fibre broadband, digital TV &
home phone deal, as it's more cost-effective.
Fibre optic broadband is a great choice for anyone who needs
more from their superfast connection. From smaller households who
often stream movies directly to their TV, to larger homes where
multiple computers could be downloading, streaming and browsing all
at the same time.
However if your online usage is mostly restricted to browsing,
emailing and shopping, then we don't advise you to invest in high
speed internet unless your needs change.
In the UK, Sky, Virgin Media,
TalkTalk and BT are the most popular
fibre optic broadband suppliers. Each supplier has its own
benefits, and not all will be available in every area, so it's
worth running a postcode check to see which suppliers you can
choose from before making up your mind on a package.
Simplifydigital helps thousands of people to switch to a better
broadband deal every year. We're a top 10 Times money saving
website, and we're here to help you choose the right ISP and
package for your family.
We help you to compare best selling internet providers and make
up your own mind about which supplier is best for you, based on
your needs, budget and location. If you give us a call, one of our
friendly advisors will run a postcode check for you and see what's
available in your area, comparing up to 11,000 deals to find the
right provider and package for you.
Best selling internet providers for October 2013 include TalkTalk, with its
incredibly popular range of Simply Broadband deals, Sky with its ongoing
half price discounts and voucher offers, and Primus with its
competitive cheap broadband & home phone deal that starts at
just a couple of pounds a month, plus line rental.
Satellite broadband is a great option for those in rural areas
without access to standard ADSL or fibre optic broadband.
To compare satellite broadband providers in your area, call
Simplifydigital's friendly, independent advisors
on 0808 163 7069.
Satellite broadband works by transmitting and receiving
satellite signals, so it doesn't require a landline, but does
require an external satellite dish to be fitted to your property,
with connecting cables to your router and modem.
If you don't want a landline at home and are able to afford the
installation costs, then satellite broadband could be an
alternative to standard broadband. It's a vital option for those in
very rural or remote areas with little to no normal broadband
Satellite broadband can be a little more pricey than normal
broadband, and doesn't offer you the option to combine broadband,
phone and TV services to save more, so we recommend running a
postcode check or calling us to make sure that it is the best
option in your area before settling for a package.
Satellite broadband providers include Astra Connect, Avonline
and BeyondDSL. Simplifydigital recommends Astra
Connect, for its variety of affordable packages. If you're
unsure which deal to opt for, our advisors are here to help every
step of the way.
Looking for affordable business broadband? Simplifydigital is
here to help you evaluate your options and find the best business
broadband package for your company. Call our independent experts on
0808 163 7069 and we'll recommend the right
provider & package based on your company's needs and
Telecom: a great value business broadband supplier that
specialises in small businesses. XLN offers a wide variety of phone
and broadband packages, including business-grade, unlimited fibre
optic itnernet, and has a friendly, efficient customer service team
that offers rapid response times if anything goes wrong.
Simplifydigital recommends XLN for its established and reliable
service, and affordable pricing.
Business: Broadband, phone lines, e-mail, web hosting, domains,
VOIP, mobile and networked IT services for small and medium sized
Please note: Fibre availability varies by property. Please call
our free switching service to confirm availability for your
address or click on the supplier link to confirm.
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Warehouse and Currys
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text:
Podcast: Transatlantic on Batteries, with Help from Drones
File Size 12.8 MB / Running Time 14:03
A new company called Flight of the Century has set a goal to fly an electric airplane from New York to Paris non-stop by 2014. To solve the problem of limited battery life, the aircraft will be recharged en route by docking with drones. AVweb's Mary Grady spoke with Flight of the Century CEO Chip Yates for more details about the plan.
This podcast is brought to you by Bose Corporation.


text:
Patented Welding Process Makes Conveyor Belt Stronger and Easy to Clean
Ashworth has manufactured Omni-Pro conveyor belts featuring Zero-Tension, 360° Buttonless Welds. The Zero-Tension, 360° Buttonless Welds are produced with an automated process that precisely positions each rod and then completely melts and fuses the rod and link together, creating strong and smooth welds. All Omni-Pro belts are capable of withstanding the highest loads in their class.
In addition to the patented welding process, Omni-Pro's link design includes a patented "wear shield leg" that prevents welds from contacting spiral cage bars and permits the belt to run smoother with less cage bar wear. Furthermore, each link is manufactured with a patented coining process to prevent break-in wear and reduce belt elongation, increasing belt life.
Ashworth now offers the all stainless steel Omni-Pro belt in ¾, 1, 1.2 and 1½-inch pitch options with turn ratios ranging from 1.6 to 2.8 and belt widths from 12 to 60 inches. Withstanding spiral/turn-curve tensions up to 400 pounds (136 kg) for 100,000 cycles vs. competing belts that publish tension ratings for only 50,000 cycles.


text:
LJ IT Solutions needed a new web page design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 92 designs submitted by 23 freelance designers.
We are a 100% webbased job portal operating in Denmark. Our concept is different from the market leaders (jobindex.dk, jobzonen.dk, stepstone.dk), since we operate with low prices and few human ressources. We want our website to appear superior to the competitor sites, based on usability, simplicity and look&feel
Job seekers and job providers in Denmark
We have described the details of what we need in the attached PDF


text: Anna Johnson-Chase Movement Learning Resources,Inc 5:30PM – 6:30PM 2018-09-18 5:30 PM - 6:30 PM Anna Johnson Chase Address: 2 US-7, Kent, CT 06757, USA Twitter Facebook Google+ [{"latlong":["41.724755","-73.476964"],"location":"2 US-7, Kent, CT 06757, USA","zoom":17,"infow":"2 US-7, Kent, CT 06757, USA<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t <\/label>\n\t\t\t\t 2018-09-18 <\/span> 5:30 PM - 6:30 PM <\/span>\n\t\t\t <\/div>","google_map_url":"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/place\/2+US-7%2C+Kent%2C+CT+06757%2C+USA\/@41.724755,-73.476964"}] Please Click Here to Contact Anna Directly… Anna Johnson-Chase studied with Dr. Moshe Feldenkrais in the first American training in San Francisco and has been a practitioner since 1977. An Assistant Trainer for over thirty years, she has taught professional trainings in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Europe, and throughout North America. In her private practice, Anna has worked with people with a wide range of abilities from music & theater professionals to people with injuries & serious difficulties. She came to this work from a background in theater and psychology and has a curiosity for how we learn and change. She currently lives and works in Connecticut and also practices in New York City.


text:
- Home /
- Christine Stevens
Christine Stevens
As director of Music Therapy and Wellness Programs at Remo Drum Company and through her own company UpBeat Drum Circles, Christine has led music and wellness seminars internationally in places including Japan, Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan, England, and the USA. For more about Christine, visit her website at www.ubdrumcircles.com.
Author photo ® Daniel Cartamil 2012
Listen to Tami Simon's interview with Christine Stevens: Being Music
Related Products
Music Medicine
The Science and Spirit of Healing Yourself with Sound
Starting at: $10.17
The Healing Drum Learning Program
Play Your Way to Creative Expression, Energy, and Well-Being
Starting at: $10.50


text:
Stun as Alternate Telepathy Power?
Discuss the second edition rules of the World's Greatest Superhero Roleplaying Game. Check here before posting in the Official Rules Forum, someone might just know the answer already!
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Stun as Alternate Telepathy Power?
Hi, I had designed a character (for a one-shot con game) with Telepathy and also taken Stun as an alternate power (as suggested for Telepathy). But now I see that Stun requires a melee attack, which doesn't make sense for use with telepathy. I had sort of assumed that the Stun power used the same range and power level (like a power attack/check) as the ranks in telepathy. Could anyone please clarify how I might make this work without deviating from the allotted points I've spent on this otherwise complete character?
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text: Mark Hahn wrote: >>> Thanks Peter, >>> But do you mean that SATA is not a suitable choice for a beowulf >>> cluster? >> SATA is fine. You just have to be choosy about the SATA/SAS controller, > > it's interesting that SAS advertising has obscured the fact that SAS is > just a further development of SCSI, and not interchangable > with SATA. for instance, no SATA controller will support any SAS disk, > and any SAS setup uses a form of encapsulation to communicate with > the foreign SATA protocol. SAS disks follow the traditional price > formula of SCSI disks (at least 4x more than non-boutique disks), > and I suspect the rest of SAS infrastructure will be in line with that. Yes, SAS encapsulates SATA, but not vice-versa. The ability to use a hardware raid SAS controller with large numbers of inexpensive SATA drives is very attractive. I was also trying to be thorough. >> and be mindful of reliability issues with desktop drives. > > I would claim that this is basically irrelevant for beowulf. > for small clusters (say, < 100 nodes), you'll be hitting a negligable > number of failures per year. for larger clusters, you can't afford > any non-ephemeral install on the disks anyway - reboot-with-reimage > should only take a couple minutes more than a "normal" reboot. > and if you take the no-install (NFS root) approach (which I strongly > recommend) the status of a node-local disks can be just a minor node > property to be handled by the scheduler. PXE/NFS is absolutely the slickest way to go, but any service nodes should have some guarantee of reliability. In my experience, disks (along with power supplies) are two of the most common points of failure. -- Geoffrey D. Jacobs Go to the Chinese Restaurant, Order the Special


text:
Merna L. Nobile 5/4/2012 1:54:22 PMWell here we are, through thick and thin. It is a joy to be able to be supportive and to congratulate each other for another month of magnificent photographs during May, 2012. I send all of you my very best, Merna Nobile #1460822
Vaden R. Anderson 5/4/2012 9:07:46 PMThank you Merna! #10123559
Exif: F Number: 9, Exposure Bias Value: 0.00, ExposureTime: 1/125 seconds, Flash: did not fire., ISO: 100, White balance: Manual white balance, FocalLength: 62.00 mm, Model: NIKON D300S
Uploaded on 3/30/2012 8:17:14 PM
Camera: Nikon D300s Digital SLR Camera
Copyright for this gallery photo belongs solely to Vaden R. Anderson. Images may not be copied, downloaded, or used in any way without the expressed, written permission of the photographer.
Contact photographer via gallery.
Log in to follow or message this photographer or report this photo.


text:
Services and Context Values
This section will describe which elements are guaranteed to be available for injection through the IEclipseContext. The most common of these will be the 'standard' services but will also reference some other 'value' elements (i.e. the injected value is *not* an interface itself but some discreet value such as a preference or model event).
Basic Services
This service presents API appropriate for working with the UI Model. If contains methods to search for model elements via a variety of search parameters a well as operations that can be used to manipulate the model to achieve changes in the UI.
This service provides API that deals with the runtime aspects of managin the current workbench UI such as opening new parts or getting / setting the 'active' part...
Can currently NOT used to open new parts as you cannot define the container, see https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=390971 email@example.com
This service allows manipulation of the key binding structures.
- This services is used by the model to push key bindings into the runtime. It needs polish and I don't think it should be API for Kepler. Pwebster.ca.ibm.com
Provides API to control the active 'chain' within a context structure.
- The EContextService is important to programmatic clients, for activating contexts in their @PostConstruct or managing context activations based on the state of their controls (which widgets have focus, etc). Pwebster.ca.ibm.com
- Except for deferUpdates(*), that should be marked as @noreference Pwebster.ca.ibm.com
Provides API to construct Commands.
Why is there no 'Execute' ?
This provides API to manage Handlers.
Why do the Execute methods take in Parameterized Commands (perhaps Execute should be in the CommandService and take a Handler?)
What's 'getContext' for ?
Provides a single API to register context menus.
In the UI Model a MPart can have any number of menus, each with a unique id. Do we need this or should we have a 'showMenu(id)' method ?<span style="font-style: italic;" />
This allows for registration of listeners regarding the current selection. Note that this has more functionality in it than the @Inject approach since it provides 'post selection' (i.e. deferred) listeners as well as regular listeners.
Allows access to the OSGI event broker and can be used to register / unregister listeners on the UIModel.


text:
April 30, 1863
April 28, 1926
This Week in Alabama History
April 26-30
Featured Event:
The Battle of Day's Gap is fought between the cavalry forces of Union Col. Abel Streight and Confederate Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest. The engagement was the first in a series of skirmishes between Streight and Forrest during Streight's Raid across north Alabama. The raid ended with Streight's surrender to Forrest just short of Streight's intended destination of Rome, Georgia.
Other Events this Week
Harper Lee is born in Monroeville. Her famous novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, was published on July 11, 1960, and sold more than two-and-one-half million copies in the first year. On May 1, 1961, To Kill A Mockingbird was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in Letters.
Listen: Click the play button below to hear Archives Staff discuss this event on Alabama Public Radio.


text:
The journey from being a refugee to a volunteer in Brussels
Hadi Abdul Hadi was on his 3rd year of Law studies at the University of Aleppo when the war broke out in Syria. He was 22 years old and was forced to leave behind his job, studies and family. "I took the decision of coming to Europe in 2015, it was a long way through Turkey" remembers Hadi. "We had a lot of barriers, to cross borders from country to country through a smuggler" recalls this young Syrian that now lives in Brussels.
Natalie Kontoulis is the Advocacy officer of 'End Female Genital Mutilation' a European Network, based in Brussels. Female Genital Mutilation is a practise that can affect certain asylum seekers communities in Europe, so they were organising a conference aimed at the refugee population. A friend of Natalie told her about the Tandem Project, an initiative that matches NGOs with refugees that want to volunteer for a 2-week period. Tandem matched Natalie with Hadi, who had registered days before. The legal background and refugee experience of Hadi proved very helpful in the organisation of the conference. For Hadi, even if 2 weeks felt "too short", it was a valuable experience; as he puts it "I had the opportunity to take a look into how a European office works and how they organise meetings".
Hadi is now 26 years old and lives in the Belgium capital with his father, where he has refugee status and a residence permit for 5 years in Belgium. "When you escape from war you will catch any hand that is given to you, they destroyed everything at my home" remembers. He is following French courses and plans to end his Law studies in Belgium, "I hope to graduate, became a lawyer and start a new live" he states confidently.
Help the refugees and asylum seekers start a new live in Brussels is the aim of the Tandem initiative, launched 20 June 2016, on the World Refugee day. Since then, 36 host organisations have registered and 34 refugees have volunteered in this initiative organised by staff of European NGO's.
Host organisations provide a daily allowance of 25eur per day and insurance. Tandem collaborates with the Flemish Agency for Volunteering in Brussels to ensure all legal issues are clarified and that the volunteering cannot be done for commercial businesses or private individuals.
Nadzeya Laurentsyeva and Wali Ahmad Yar at CEPS offices.
Usually the interview to achieve the status of refugee lasts 4 hours. For Wali Ahmad Yar 15 minutes were enough. The 23 years old afghan journalist had published a report exposing corruption in the Afghan government. "I had never thought of fleeing Afghanistan, but once I published the report, things were controversial with the government and the Taliban and I had to flee". He got a visa and left his city, Ghaznī, for Brussels, where he arrived in 2015.
Two years later, now age 25, he is finishing a Master in Political Science at the University Libre de Bruxelles and doing the 2-weeks volunteer experience through Tandem in the Centre for European Policy Studies. The Research Fellow of CEPS, Nadzeya Laurentsyeva, decided to take part in Tandem because they were making an evaluation of a NGO in Munich that helps put in contact asylum seekers with possible employers. The role of Wali has been very "helpful interviewing people from Afghanistan and Pakistan in their native language by phone to fill in the survey".
The young Afghan is regularly in contact with other refugees, not only in Belgium but other EU countries, "we are always talking about our problems, so this could be really helpful for my work here" declares Wali. For him, Tandem has been key in helping him "find a way within international institutions", because he had no contacts and all his application for internships had been rejected.
Nadzeya outlines that "the goal of Tandem is to let people meet, it is not so difficult to employ a refugee". In fact, the insights of Hadi have proved so valuable, that she is confident that "there might be an opportunity for Wali to stay longer as an intern, it seems possible".
Published: Thu, 04/05/2017 - 14:43
Related links
Info for young people in the western balkans


text: I'm currently running some benchmarks on my cluster, one of special interest to me being High Performance Linpack, implemented for parallel installations. I've gotten a hang of the variables (Ns, NBs, etc.) from information available online, however would be really interested to hear back on whether my results are far under par and if compilation optimizations (or different fortran compilers) will increase my performance vastly. Currently I get these kind of numbers from tested computers using the same environment (gentoo, fortran in gcc, hpl, all same compilation options): 1 x Core2Duo (2.1ghz/core, 2gigs ram) - 2.3Gflops 1 x Athlon 64 3500+ (2.2ghz, 1gig ram) - 1.0Glops 4 x Core2Duo (2.1ghz/core for a total of 8 cores, 2gigs ram/node, 100mbit Ethernet interconnect) - 6.7Gflops I'm finding numbers online that are well below, at, and well above my own. Are these numbers low and if so, how could I improve the situation (or should I attempt to optimize at all, this seems a bit backwards since it's making the benchmark akin to my application)? Thanks in advance, Ellis ____________________________________________________________________________________ You rock. That's why Blockbuster's offering you one month of Blockbuster Total Access, No Cost. http://tc.deals.yahoo.com/tc/blockbuster/text5.com


text:
Houston voters strike down $69.5M high school football stadium
It was a bad night for stadium financing in the Houston area, with one suburban district voting down a bond issue that would have built a deluxe high school football stadium.
Voters in the Katy school district on Tuesday voted down a bond package that would have provided $69.5 million for a new, 14,000-seat football stadium.
The rejection came the same day as voters in Harris County at large rejected a plan to turn the Astrodome into a convention center.
Some local tea party members opposed the Katy bond program, saying the district shouldn't take on more debt.
It went on the ballot one year after the Dallas suburb of Allen opened a $60 million stadium.


text:
|Summary of 4 reviews :
|Room :
|Facilities :
|Service :
|Location :
|Hotel room status:
Superior Double
Room Size: 21-30 sq.m.
Most of our superior rooms have an area of approximately 22 sqm and has a balcony. We also have some superior rooms of approximately 30 sqm without balcony. But these rooms have large windows that can be opened for an "airy" feel. Be aware that we cannot guarantee balcony room unless it has been confirmed in writing from the hotel.
Deluxe Double
Room Size: 38 sq.m.
Cozy and Spacious with Mountain or Pond View. All 6 rooms are located at the front building 1, 2 and 3. All rooms are tastefully furnished. A Queen Size bed is fitted to the room with one large full.
Studio Suite
Room Size: 37 sq.m.
Our Studio Suites comes with a small kitchenette, comfortable sofa in the sitting area and other amenities. They all have balconies overlooking our small swimming pool.
Bungalow 1 bedroom
Room Size: 23 sq.m.
Our bungalows are decorated in a style that lends itself to a tropical setting, all with ample deck space outside. Please be aware that even though many guests love to stay in our bungalows, they do not have the same interior standard as our hotel rooms. So if that is of your concern, please book a room in the hotel building.
Bungalow 2 Bedrooms
Room Size: 80 sq.m. | King Size Bed and Twin bed | Garden view and pond view
Our bungalows are decorated in a style that lends itself to a tropical setting, all with ample deck space outside. Suits perfect for a family of 4.
Chaba Restaurant
Chaba Restaurant is open daily between 06.30 am. - 10.00 pm. Dining is available in spacious dining room or on our newly added deck connected to the restaurant. The menu includes both International and Thai food. Beverage includes cocktails, beer, and wine.
Internet Corner
Chaba Hotel offers 4 computer terminals for guests , adjacent to reception area. All room equipped with Lan Line Cable and Wireless connection. Wireless is also available in common areas including the Chaba Pool "OASIS".
Chaba Oasis
The Chaba Oasis was designed for our guests to provide them with a place to relax, to swim, and to lounge in comfort within our 2,000 sqm. "OASIS" Chaba Hotel is pleased to provide our guests with a large swimming pool with waterfall, adjacent children's pool, comfortable lounge chairs, umbrellas for shade, all in a lovely tropical setting.
Sala Chaba
Sala in Thai means Pavilion. Our Chaba "Sala" is adjacent to reception and is available to guests for meeting and a place to relax, and use your personal computer and devices . Out of the windows is a view of a pond and tropical vegetation.
Chaba Laundry Service
Chaba Laundry Service is available at the reception desk. Drop off laundry by 6 p.m. and receive by 6 p.m. the following day.
|Swimming Pool
|Chaba Oasis
|Internet Cafe
|Sala Thai
|Hotel Lobby
|Beside the lake


text:
If you're shrewd fox, a web developer or just a sweeping tech enthusiast that wants to run many Firefox versions – here's how you do it [these directions were tested on Windows 7, but should work for other versions of Windows as well]:
1) Go to our Firefox page and download your favorite version.
2) Open the setup file and when the installation prompts you, select "Custom." You are after all, an experienced user – right?
3) Change the destination folder to reflect the version of Firefox you are installing. For example, if you're installing 3.01 have it install to C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox 3.01 — the goal here is to install each version of Firefox in its own standalone directory.
4) Check the box that asks you if you want to have a shortcut on your desktop and don't run the program when it's done installing.
5) Next, we want to set up a separate user profile for this version of Firefox that you just installed. To do this, go into the Start-Run prompt (hit Windows key +R ) and type in the following jibber-jabber:
"C:\\Program Files\\PUTDIRECTORYOFTHEINSTALLATION HERE\\firefox" -profilemanager -no-remote
Make sure you actually put the directory of the installation in the above notice. For instance, if you installed Firefox 4.01 in C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox 4.01 the above notice will be:
"C:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox 4.01\\firefox" -profilemanager -no-remote
So, modify it accordingly. You should see a box like this:
Except, yours probably only has the default profile at the moment. What we want to do now is create a profile for every version of Firefox you're going to run. Let's start with the version you just installed.
1) Simply click "Create Profile" and follow the simple steps. I suggest calling the profile the same as the version you just installed.
2) You're almost finished. What we want to do now is modify the shortcut to let Windows know that you want to use that specific Firefox profile with that version, so right click on the shortcut on your desktop (or wherever it is) and in target, input the following:
""C:\Program Files\Change2Dir\firefox.exe" -P ProfileName -no-remote"
3) That's it – repeat all these steps for all the different versions of Firefox you plan to install J!
Generally, for our lay-audience we recommend uninstalling the new version before installing the older version. In fact, for most of the more 'evil' companies (yes, I judge a company as evil based on the version-control it wants to have), it won't even let you install the older versions over a newer one (Skype). Luckily for you, the reader – Mozilla isn't an evil company and allows you to have multiple installations at once.
If you want to debate with me on what makes a company evil or have any general comments or feedback, please feel free to leave a comment below.


text:
by Steven Kraan
by James Albon
Written by Steve Nedvidek, Ed Crowell, & Jack Lowe. Illustrated by Moses Nester, with colors by S. J. Miller.
by Carolyn Nowak
Background by Jeremy Tinder. Top Shelf Productions® and the Top Shelf logo are registered trademarks of Top Shelf Productions, Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
Windows Speech Recognition lets you control your PC with your voice alone, without needing a keyboard or mouse. There's a wizard to help you get started. Just plug in your microphone, and then, in the search box on the taskbar, type Speech Recognition, and select Windows Speech Recognition.
You can also convert spoken words into text anywhere on your PC with dictation.
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ED HYMAN & BILL MILLER – PART 2 – INVESTMENT LEGENDS' PREDICTIONS FOR 2014 – Transcript 1/17/2014 #1030
CONSUELO MACK: This week on WealthTrack, part two of our exclusive interview with two financial champions. After last year's winning performance, what are they doing for an encore in 2014? Wall Street's recognized king of economists Ed Hyman joins investment superstar Bill Miller to discuss their game plan next on Consuelo Mack WealthTrack. Hello and welcome to this edition of WealthTrack, I'm Consuelo Mack. This week we are continuing our conversation with two Wall Street legends. Ed Hyman, chairman of independent institutional research and money management firm, ISI Group, joins us exclusively every year with his


text: Sijun Forums :: View topic - Scout ship Log in to check your private messages Sijun Forums Forum Index >> Work in Progress View previous topic :: View next topic Author Topic : "Scout ship" LordAriochmemberMember #Joined: 14 Nov 2000Posts: 173Location: San Jose, CA USA Posted: Fri Jan 19, 2001 9:14 pm Ship design for a comic I'm working on. ------------------ -Arioch well-of-souls.com Back to top ZosomemberMember #Joined: 23 Dec 2000Posts: 132Location: Stuttgart, Germany Posted: Fri Jan 19, 2001 10:03 pm Cool design dude. Back to top CuddlymemberMember #Joined: 02 Jan 2001Posts: 161Location: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Posted: Fri Jan 19, 2001 10:19 pm Very nice look to the craft. It looks a bit majestic for a scout ship, though? More like a destroyer or carrier? Just my thoughts. Other than that, great work. Love the crossbeams on the engine nacelles. Gives it a very industrial "heavy" look. Looking forward to seeing the finished work! Back to top TheMilkManmemberMember #Joined: 04 Nov 2000Posts: 797Location: St.Louis Posted: Sat Jan 20, 2001 12:32 am cool man...hmm I dont think you are getting many replys to your work...I bet you do a lot better on anime community boards!! Since you are like one of the anime internet god fathers..LOL...anyways cool ship man Back to top LordAriochmemberMember #Joined: 14 Nov 2000Posts: 173Location: San Jose, CA USA Posted: Sat Jan 20, 2001 12:40 am That's okay, Milky... I'm here to learn, not to have my ego stroked. Back to top ::Dino::memberMember #Joined: 09 Sep 2000Posts: 250Location: Toronto, ON, Canada Posted: Sat Jan 20, 2001 10:41 am Nice design Is this comic going to be published or web based? Thought I'd ask ------------------ -Dino TMM Back to top S4SbmemberMember #Joined: 13 Jan 2001Posts: 803Location: near Hamburg (Germany) | Registered: Mar 2000 Posted: Sat Jan 20, 2001 1:35 pm Great! May I use it to practise lightning on it? I won't show anybody if you want. Stored ------------------ Formerly known as El Caseron. And my name is nothing like Sp3zi4liz7 or SuP3r DrAwa *g* ... it has a special meaning ... to me. :) ICQ:26482363 Back to top LordAriochmemberMember #Joined: 14 Nov 2000Posts: 173Location: San Jose, CA USA Posted: Sat Jan 20, 2001 1:56 pm Dino: It'll be web based. The first section should be up by this summer. Sergenth: The dorsal projections just aft of the top turret are intended to be maneuvering thrusters (as are the circular p[projections on the tips of the winglets). Although I'd imagine that most attitude changes could be done just by varying the thrust of the four main engines. But to tell you the truth, this is a "space opera" sort of design, more for looks than realism (spaceships don't need to be streamlined, obviously). S4Sb: sure, be my guest. I'd like to see what you come up with. Back to top SergenthmemberMember #Joined: 06 Apr 2000Posts: 437Location: Milford NJ USA Posted: Sun Jan 21, 2001 12:32 am If there is only one thing you did right with this ship, it was to give it big engines. Scout ship indeed, with all of that thrust power! Woo! Of course, I like many other things about it - the airplane shaped head, the exposed engine components near the middle of the ship and the overall curvature (very hard to do My only crit in the design is... where are the thrusters for controlling movement in the other axises? Does the "dorsal fin" in the middle contain some lateral thrusters for side to side movement (the top would need a "dorsal" fin engine assembly as well to achieve rotary motion along the axis of the ships length). A ship this size needs something bigger than the space shuttles little vector rockets Oh wait, here's an idea -- instead of 4 extra rockets or so for controlling direction... how about thousands of smaller rockets all over the front surface of the ship and some on the engine cels that can act as a few large rockets! We can just assume they are there... no need to draw 3000 little dots all over :P Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Sijun Forums Forum Index -> Work in Progress All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Digital Art----------------Digital Art DiscussionWork in ProgressGallery/Finished Work Miscellaneous----------------Random MusingsArchive : Sep99 - Dec00 You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Powered by phpBB © 2005 phpBB Group


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Horticultura Brasileira
Print version ISSN 0102-0536
Hortic. Bras. vol.30 no.1 Vitoria da Conquista Jan./Mar. 2012
Asexual propagation of peach palm by division of the clump and extraction of the off-shoots
Propagação assexuada em pupunheira por divisão da touceira variando o tempo de cicatrização dos perfilhos
Wanders BC FloresI; Kaoru YuyamaII; Raimundo G da SilvaII
IUFAM-CNPq; email@example.com
IIINPA, Coord. Pesquisas em Ciências Agronômicas, Av André Araujo 2936, 69083-001 Manaus-AM; firstname.lastname@example.com
The peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) is a native Amazonian palm tree that produces fruits and palm hearts, and is now attracting the interest of the farmers in other parts of Brazil given the economical potential of palm heart production. Traditionally the peach palm is propagated by seeds, which yield segregating progenies due to cross-pollination. To guarantee the uniformity and quality of elite selections, the alternative is the propagation of superior genotypes from off-shoots (tillers), because an efficient in vitro cultivation protocol does not exist. The objective of the present study was the development of a more appropriate technique of vegetative propagation by division of the clump, in order to multiply plants selected in the improvement program. A peach palm clump contains between 2 and 20 off-shoots after cutting for palm heart; these can be separated one from the other with iron wedges, and extracted immediately or left for recovery for subsequent extraction. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications, using a 3x5 factorial, where the factors were: height of the off-shoots (<30, 30-60, >60 cm) and recovery time after the separation of the off-shoots from the clump (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days). The off-shoots between 30 and 60 cm and left around a month of recovery in the field after separation from the clump presented 65% of survival, while those left around four months presented 80% of survival.
Keywords: Bactris gasipaes, vegetative propagation, clump division, off-shoot height, field recovery time.
A pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes) é uma palmeira nativa da Amazônia que produz frutos e palmitos e, atualmente está despertando o interesse dos produtores rurais em outras partes do Brasil por seu potencial econômico para produção de palmito. O método de propagação tradicionalmente utilizado na pupunheira é por sementes, a qual apresenta segregação importante devido à polinização cruzada. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma técnica mais apropriada de propagação da pupunheira por divisão de touceiras, para fins de multiplicação de plantas selecionadas no programa de melhoramento. Uma touceira de pupunha contem entre 2 e 20 perfilhos após manejo para palmito, que podem ser separados um do outro com o ferro de cova e extraídos imediatamente ou deixados para recuperação e posterior extração. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com três repetições, seguindo esquema fatorial 3x5, onde os fatores foram altura dos perfilhos (<30, 30-60 e >60 cm) e tempo de retirada dos perfilhos após a separação da touceira (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias). Os perfilhos com altura entre 30 e 60 cm deixados por um mês de cicatrização no campo após a separação da touceira apresentaram sobrevivência de 65% e quando deixados por quatro meses apresentaram sobrevivência de 80%.
Palavras-chave: Bactris gasipaes, propagação vegetativa, dissecação de touceira, altura de perfilhos, tempo de permanência no campo.
The peach palm Bactris gasipaes is an Amazonian tropical palm tree. The economic potential of the species lies in the fruit and palm heart (Mora Urpi, 1984; Mora Urpi et al., 1997).
The interest in cultivating peach palm for palm heart production is constantly increasing in Brazil, especially in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espirito Santo, Bahia, Paraná, and in the northern region (Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia and Roraima). One of the limiting factors in palm heart production is the genetic material used, that in all the established plantations has been by seed, occurring a great genetic variability because of cross pollination. This reflects directly in the palm heart length (7 to 65 cm) but not in the palm heart diameter that interferes directly in yield of industrial palm heart (Yuyama, personal communication).
Breeding of species that can be propagated asexually is, apparently, less complicated than those with sexual reproduction, because at any stage of the program the individual that presents desirable attributes can be perpetuated as a clone. To date, the use of micro-propagation in the peach palm to establish a protocol has not been successful.
Its hybrid origin and allogamy explain the wide genetic variation in the peach palm (Mora Urpi, 1981). Because of this, propagation by seed in the first generations does not widely reproduce desirable agronomic traits and generates plants genetically different among each other with great variation in production. This fact is a great economic disadvantage for the producer and limits fruit industrialization (Pinedo, 1987).
According to Mora Urpi (1982), the propagation method used in the peach palm is by seed, that because of its heterozygote condition presents very great genetic segregation. Guaranteed seed quality requires plant selection and controlled pollination.
There are few references on palm tree vegetative propagation using off-shoots. The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), a palm tree similar to the peach palm because it has base off-shoots, was not successfully propagated through off-shoots (Eeuwens, 1978; Sharma et al., 1980; Choo, 1984). The first attempt to use peach palm off-shoot clone propagation was carried out in 1775 (Patiño, 1960). Popenoe & Jimenez (1921) separated off-shoots from the peach palm with 7 cm diameter and 1.22 to 2.0 m height, but did not inform the survival results. Other authors did not inform the survival rates, but emphasized the importance of the initial 7.5 to 15 cm clump diameter, to remove the off-shoots (Fournier, 1965). Off-shoot height up to 100 cm resulted in 23% survival 45 days after transplant (Gonzales & Dominguez, 1977); 18-month-old off-shoots, presented 65% survival 70 days after transplant (Sattler, 1986). Chumbimune (1996), after extracting the palm heart, used the commercial peach palm clump leaving the soil piled up around the off-shoot base for two months; later, 30 and 60 cm long off-shoots were transplanted to the definitive field in the wet season with 90% survival, although they did not present experimental information.
Pinedo (1987) reported that cloning from off-shoots was not greater than 25%. Pinedo & Tanchiva (1989) reported 78.5% survival 45 days after separating the off-shoots that varied according to the genetic factor (with and without thorns) and AIB application, and the combination without thorns/without AIB gave the best response; after 3.5 months the survival mean decreased to 5.37%.
Quinteiro & Lopez (1993) used ANA auxine at 60 mg L -1 to promote root sprouting in the off-shoots. Tracz (2005) in a study on peach palm vegetative propagation from off-shoots obtained survival means ranging from 16.6 to 26.6% for rooting and from 10 and 16.6% depending on the genetic material used.
According to Mora Urpi (1999) none of the experiments on propagation by off-shoot separation in peach palm have been successful, with low off-shoot rooting percentages and survival and very slow growth. Yuyama et al. (2002) quoted the study by Garcia (1988) on vegetative propagation using off-shoots where at first 25% took but only 10% survived and the survivors did not tiller or flower.
The objective of the present study was to propagate the peach palm asexually by dividing the clump and separating the off-shoots after different periods of time in the field, before transplanting to the nursery to form populations of genetically superior matrices.
The experiment was set up in February 2007, in the area of the Tropical Fruit Culture Experimental Station from INPA, located at km 40 on the highway BR 174, Manaus-Boa Vista, in Brazil. The climate is the "Af" type in the Köppen classification, with drought from June to October, 28ºC mean annual temperature, 2350 mm mean annual rainfall and 80% relative air humidity (Ribeiro, 1976).
A compete randomized experimental design was used with three replications and the treatments were placed in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme. The factors were: off-shoot height (<30, 30-60 and >60 cm); and the time the off-shoots remained in the field (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 days) after dividing the clump.
Each experimental plot consisted of 10 pots containing soil substrate (Yellow Latosoil) mixed with sawdust. Clumps were used of plants from the "trial on the peach palm half sib progeny test of the Pampa Hermosa population, Yurimaguas-Peru" for palm heart selection that were over 10 years old (Yuyama et al., 2002). The experiment consisted of two phases, field and nursery. The first started with plant selection (clump) by the total number of off-shoots (over three). A total of 150 plants was selected and each off-shoot was measured and identified by size (height <30 cm, 30-60, and >60 cm from the off-shoot or culm to the fork). An iron wedge was used to cut the clump dividing or separating the off-shoots that were then left in the same place according to the times considered in the trial (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days) before transplanting to the pots. The 20 L plastic pots were filled with a mixture of agricultural surface soil collected from 20 cm of the surface layer and sawdust in a 2:1 ratio. After filling the pots, the leaf area was reduced by 50% and the subterranean part (roots) was disinfected by submersion in Bordeaux mixture solution for 1 minute and then planted in the pots. Before transplanting to the pot each off-shoot was assessed for height, stem diameter and leaf number.
In the second phase, "sombrite" was placed on the nursery cover with 50% light passage and shortly afterwards the treatments were installed and distributed according to the experimental design.
The assessments were monthly, from installation in the nursery until 12 months (February 2008) observing height (from the base to the fork), stem diameter and leaf number.
The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability (Gomes, 1987).
The off-shoot height performed differently during the eight months after transplant to the pot in the nursery. Plants lower than 30 cm had gradual and constant death until the sixth month and then they tended to stabilize. The shoots between 30 and 60 cm height performed best, with more than 60% survival at eight months and showed a tendency to stability in the fifth month. Survival continued to increase in the shoots over 60 cm tall until the eighth month without sign of stabilization (Figure 1).
Assessment of the time of off-shoot removal from the clump after cutting showed difference in the survival of the transplanted off-shoots. A greater percentage of the plants that were removed after one and four months survived, over 65%, followed by those removed after two months (60%) and those removed after three months (51%), eight months after transplant. The treatment where the clump was divided and the off-shoots separated, immediately followed by transplant to pots and removal to the nursery, had the lowest survival, 30% (Figure 2).
Partitioning of the treatments showed that there was interaction between the two factors assessed for off-shoot survival after transplant (Figure 3). A similar result was reported by Chunbimune et al. (1996). Therefore, the asexual propagation technique, by separating the off-shoots from the clump, can be used to increase the number of promising plants in peach palm genetic breeding programs. The principal difference between the technique used by Chunbimune et al. (1996) and that of the present study was the use of off-shoots less than 60 cm in height that were left for at least one month in the field after separation from the clump, without removing them from the location, for their recovery and healing.
These results showed that it is possible to propagate the peach palm from the clump, selecting off-shoots between 30 and 60 cm in height. After dissection the off-shoots should be left in the field for at least 30 days, to recover and heal the split before being replicated to pots.
CHOO KW. 1984. Plant tissue culture. In FAO/Norway Symposium on Plant Tissue, Technology and Utilization, 1984. Micropropagation of selected rootcrops, palms, Citrus and ornamental species; Proceedings. Plant Production Paper and Protection Paper Noruega, FAO. 59:88-112. [ Links ]
CHUMBIMUNE ZR. 1996. Aislamiento de hijuelos de pijuayo. Iquitos, Peru. Noviembre, INIA, EE. San Roque. 10 p. (Serie Folleto, 1). [ Links ]
EEUWENS CJ. 1978. Effects of organic nutrients and hormons on growth development of tissue explants from coconut (Cocos nucifera) and date (Phoenix dactylifera) palms cultured in vitro. Physiologia Plantarum (Dinamarca), 42:177-178. [ Links ]
FOURNIER OLA. 1965. El Pejibaye. O'Bios 1:11-15. [ Links ]
GONZALES G; DOMINGUEZ R. 1977. Sistemas de propagación del chontaduro (Guilielma gasipaesHBK). Univ. Nac. Colombia. Palmira. 60p. (Monografía de graduação). [ Links ]
GARCIA T. 1988. Efeito do àcido indol 3-butílico no enraizamento de diferentes tamanhos de perfilhos de pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes (HBK). Viçosa: UFV, 36p. (Tese mestrado). [ Links ]
GOMES FP. 1987. Curso de estatística experimental. 12 ed. Piracicaba: USP, 467p. [ Links ]
MORA URPI J. 1981. El ciclo de floración en pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes HBK) y su posible manejo agronómico. Agronomia Costarricense 5:15-119. [ Links ]
MORA URPI J. 1982. Polinización en Bactris gasipaes HBK (Palmae): Nota adicional. Rev. Biol. Trop. 30:174-176. [ Links ]
MORA URPI J. 1984. El pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes HBK). Origen, biologia floral y Manejo Agronómico. In: Palmeiras poco utilizadas de América Tropical. FAO/CATIE. San José, Turrialba, p.118-160. [ Links ]
MORA URPI J; WEBER JC; CLEMENT CR. 1997. Peach palm, Bactris gasipaes Kunth: Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 20. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research - IPK, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute - IPGRI, Rome. 83p. [ Links ]
MORA URPI J. 1999. Nota: sobre la reproducción asexual del pejibaye. In: Mora Urpi J; Gainza JE (eds). Palmito de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth): Su cultivo e industrilización. San José, CR: Univ. de Costa Rica. p. 74-76. [ Links ]
PATIÑO VM. 1960. Historia Colonial y nombres indígenas de la palma pejibaye (Guilielma gasipaes (HBK) Bayley). Revista Colombiana de Antropología 9:25-72. [ Links ]
PINEDO PM. 1987. Organogenesis directa en ápices caulinares de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes HBK). Turrialba CR, Universidad de Costa Rica/CATIE. 112p. (Tese mestrado). [ Links ]
PINEDO PM; TANCHIVA FE. 1989. Aislamiento de hijuelos basales de pijuay (Bactris gasipaes HBK). Estación Experimental "San Roque". Informe de Experimento. INIA, Iquitos, Peru. [ Links ]
POPENOE W; JIMENEZ O. 1921. The Pejibaye, a neglected food plant of Tropical America. Journal of Heredity 12:154-166. [ Links ]
QUINTERO RCA; LOPEZ VJE. 1993. Propagación asexual del chontaduro (Bactris gasipaes HBK). In: CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL DE BIOLOGIA, AGRONOMIA E INDUSTRIALIZACIÓN DEL PIJUAYO, 4., 1991, Iquitos. 4. Resumen. San José: Universidad de Costa Rica. p.291-292. [ Links ]
RIBEIRO MNG. 1976. Aspectos climatológicos de Manaus. Acta Amazônica 6:229-233. [ Links ]
SATTLER ZR. 1986. Propagación vegetativa del pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes HBK): propagación por hijuelos. In: Reconocimiento de nuevas fuentes de aceite y grasa a partir de palmas oleaginosas nativas del trópico húmedo Americano. CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. p. 3-9. [ Links ]
SHARMA DC; KUMASI R; CHOWDHURY JB. 1980. In vitro culture of female date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Tissuies Euphytica 29:169-174. [ Links ]
TRACZ ALA. 2005. Propagação vegetativa de pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes HBK) a partir de perfilhos. Curitiba: UFPR, 61p. (Tese mestrado). [ Links ]
YUYAMA K; CHÁVEZ FLORES WB; CLEMENT CR. 2002. Pupunheira In: Bruckner CH. (ed) Melhoramento de Frutíferas Tropicais. UFV. 422p. [ Links ]
(Received on January 5, 2011; accepted on February 7, 2012)


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