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Social Tutorials and Wise Advice ~ News Round-Up
Owls of the world, we love what you do.
There are so many remarkable user-created tutorials and videos out there to help spread the word and share the love of HootSuite – it makes us happy to see that others share our enthusiasm for the great things the dashboard can do.
We want to share them all and collect some of the best in our User Created Tutorials forum – be sure to check them out and add your own to get your content in fromt of more of your fellow HootSuite fans.
With an eye towards tutorials, how-tos and use cases, here are some amazing fan-generated pieces that have caught our eyes and warmed our hearts in recent days:
Owl-thusiast Tutorials
Socialmedia.biz – 10 ways to create a social media dashboard
HootSuite: Integrate all your platforms: Our personal favorite is HootSuite because of the depth of its products and services. You can update multiple social media platforms (Twitter, Facebook and more) from a computer or iPhone, Android or Blackberry. A team of users can track results of their interactions and create a dash board that will work efficiently with their preferred social streams.
Love Your Work LIFE – Can't find a job? Use your skills and make one! – The AelloLUXE Story (podcast)
It's becoming very clear that social media matters… to everything. Looking for a job? Social media. Building business? Social media. Maintaining or developing friendships (professional or personal)? Social media. And guess what – it isn't just for Gen-Y. Twitter is mostly an adult and professional network. So is LinkedIn. Facebook is becoming popular among most ages. The best part of all of this is that it is getting easier and easier to understand, use, and adopt every day thanks to tools such as Hootsuite.
Twitter has been introducing me to some incredible people around the world. I'm blown away and humbled every day by the immense talent I am fortunate enough to spend time with. Today is no different as Nicole Yeary of AelloLUXE shares her story.
Nicole's back story is incredibly inspiring. In this interview, Nicole tells us about her move to Chicago and how she lost her job only a month later (after signing an 18 month lease on a condo). She talks about her job search, her difficulties, how she found a way through all of it, and how a business that showcases her tremendously valuable talents developed as a result of the whole crazy adventure.
If you are in a similar situation, this story is incredibly inspiring and can give you some ideas on how to take control of your own situation, too. This call is also great if you are using social media but are not using a dashboard tool to keep up with all your social media profiles. Nicole gives some incredible insight into Hootsuite and how it can explode your social media experience.
Alexandra Samuel – Using HootSuite as your Twitter dashboard
The main reason I use HootSuite is that it does a great job of scheduling tweets, so that I can queue up a day or even a week's worth of tweets at a time. This feature is so valuable that I'll write a blog post focusing specifically on how to use HootSuite for scheduling tweets. Yes, Tweetdeck (my preferred Twitter client for over a year) also has a "tweet later" feature, but I found it quite erratic.
The other benefit of using HootSuite is its support for team-based tweeting. Since I share a few of my Twitter accounts with colleagues, it can be useful for us to share Hootsuite tabs so that we can monitor the same Twitter searches or collaborate in drafting tweets.
The Poor Travel Blogger – HootSuite As My Travel Companion
Let me introduce you to my travel companion, Hootsuite. Before I knew anything about Hootsuite, I had the usual issue of having multiple tabs open all the time. One for facebook, one for Twitter (and only one account at a time!), this blog and whatever else I was researching at the time. But my good friend and Internet pro Paula Seymour, saved me from my own destruction by introducing me to the wonders of Hootsuite.
Prime Concepts Group – How to Manage Multiple Social Media Sites at Once
What are the benefits of using Hootsuite? You can:
- Easily check stats and track results. For example, you can see how influential you were on Twitter in the last day, week, or month. See which of your tweets were popular so you know what type or topic to send out more of and which to avoid. You can also see what influencers have mentioned you so you can continue to build relationships with them. This feature really helps you with the Test – Track – Repeat cycle in your marketing.
- Get your team involved. If you have multiple people that help you with your social media, you can give them all unique log in information so they can access the account without sharing passwords. You can also assign tasks, such as delegating a certain team member messages you want them to respond to, etc.
- Schedule your updates. Leaving town for a week? Schedule your updates to go out at certain times and dates to make sure you are maintaining your online presence while you are gone. Or, just get them scheduled so you don't have to worry about sending out the messages, all you have to worry about is monitoring the responses
- Easily manage multiple social media accounts. Send out messages to multiple networks at one time and keep track of mentions of your brand or key terms on any of the sites you have integrated with Hootsuite. You can also look at the live feeds from people you are following on Twitter, friends with on Facebook, etc. so you can keep up to date with everything and know when your input could be helpful.
- Use your smartphone to manage your account. Not only can you log in straight from your computer, but you can download the app for your Android, iPhone, or other smartphone and update and manage your Hootsuite from wherever you are, whenever you want to.
Webtech BC – Hootsuite follow updating
I'm a twitter account administrator of several accounts. I wanted to update the list of one of the accounts I administer and unfollow twitter accounts that were not following us. I posted the question on twitter and got a response from @Richerd. Richerd is a extremely knowledgeable hootsuite programmer.
So what do you do if you want to unfollow, and you cant log directly into twitter? You could do a search for the user and then unfollow on their info tab. That however is very time consuming and you wont find all of the users.
Its a good idea to keep your following count low when people don't follow you. What you can do is add them to a list if you still want to follow them. There are tools that you can use to help determine who is still following you. I found @doesfollow really easy to use.
Just discovered something else while cleaning up my following list. You can drag and drop a user into a list on the left hand side of the contacts page. Really cool feature. Click on the image of the person or name and drag it to the list you want. That simple. You can then unfollow them if they don't follow you. Monitoring on lists is better then having people that don't follow you in your stream. It makes for less chatter in your main stream as well.
Helium – A guide to using HootSuite for Twitter
… One of the best features of HootSuite is that it allows you to open a "window" with your Twitter lists in them. This allows you to quickly identify those Twitter users that you wish to re-tweet their work. For example, if you have fellow Helium writers in a list called "Helium" you can open that list in a separate column in HootSuite for easy identification. This allows you to easily identify your favorite Twitter users without having to depend on your main Twitter stream.
Leadsomatic – 7 Reasons To Love HootSuite
Heard about HootSuite? It's a hoot to use! Twittering has progressed from a social "message burst" to a full-fledged social media tool, and more applications are being developed around its unique appeal. There's a new player in this scenario, and it's a hoot to use! The newest in social media, HootSuite, is pegged as a "social media dashboard", offering a lot of valuable Twitter resources for those of us that like to Tweet a lot or have multiple accounts.
HootSuite Integration [with Netvibes]
Media Bistro – So What Do You Do, Ryan Holmes, Founder and CEO of HootSuite? (Interview)
Q: One of the most interesting things about HootSuite is its use of the freemium model. How does it work, and why did you choose to go in that direction?
A: By the time I speak at the conference, I'll have a lot more information for people. We just launched it for new users. We're investigating how it's working for people and seeing what they're liking and what they're hating, and having success so far. We decided to go with freemium because we didn't want to cannibalize our growth, so we wanted to keep the product free. We think it's important to have a strong base of users out there who are passionate about the product, and we have very passionate users and loyal fans who use our product every day. We go to conferences and meet people there, and [I] introduce myself and it's really amazing to see people's eyes light up. They say, "Oh my god, you're with HootSuite, I use your product every day." And it's funny because I don't think anyone gets that passionate about like, "Oh, you're with Outlook, I use Outlook every day." Or "Oh, you're with Firefox, I use Firefox every day." So we have really great fans and users who ultimately evangelize for us. And then on the paid side, we have people who really need good user functionality and a solid tool, and we're able to provide that for them… We always had plans to monetize through freemium.
And there's more…
You can find all sorts of tutorials and videos on our User-Created Tutorials page. It's just one of our resources designed to help improve your HootSuite experience and knowledge.
The Help Desk is another great place to find answers to almost any question you might have, and stay tuned to @hootwatch and our Delicious social bookmarks feed for all the latest hoots on all things HootSuite.
Missing anything? If there is a great tutorial that you've seen or created that hasn't made our page yet, add it to the User-Created Tutorials page. Not only will you be helping others to discover the benefits of the dashboard, it's a great way for you to attract a wider audience.
Happy hooting!


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American Hangman - Presidents and States ver. 2.0.8
Type: Shareware
Price: 14.95
OS: Mac OS X,Mac Other,Mac PPC,Mac OS X 10.5,Mac OS X
American Hangman is a fun, colorful, soundful, educational word-guessing game based on the simple game of hangman we all played as children. American Hangman features colorful, non-violent graphics, Presidential pictures, State outlines, digitized sounds and synthesized speech. American Hangman is a terrific way to get a headstart on History, Geography and Government. Learn the Presidents, the Vice Presidents, the First Ladies, Terms of Office, Party Affiliations and more. Learn the 50 States, the State Capitals, the State Birds, the State Flowers, the State Trees, the State Nicknames and much more. American Hangman is truly fun for all ages. The game that everyone already knows how to play.
FREE Download of American Hangman - Presidents and States
Home Page of American Hangman - Presidents and States
Free download of JongPuzzle

subset: commoncrawl


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Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), system of medicine at least 23 centuries old that aims to prevent or heal disease by maintaining or restoring yinyang balance. China has one of the world's oldest medical systems. Acupuncture and Chinese herbal remedies date back at least 2,200 years, although the earliest known written record of Chinese medicine is the Huangdi neijing (The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic) from the 3rd century bce. That opus provided the theoretical concepts for TCM that remain the basis of its practice today. In essence, traditional Chinese healers seek to restore a dynamic balance between two complementary forces, yin (passive) and yang (active), which pervade the human body as they do the universe as a whole. According to TCM, a person is healthy when harmony exists between these two forces; illness, on the other hand, results from a breakdown in the equilibrium of yin and yang.
A visit to a traditional Chinese pharmacy is like a visit to a small natural history museum. The hundreds of cabinet drawers, glass cases, and jars in a typical pharmacy hold an enormous variety of desiccated plant and animal material. In 1578 Li Shizhen published his famous Bencao gangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica), which lists 1,892 drugs and some 11,000 formal prescriptions for specific ailments.
The practice of traditional medicine
To restore harmony, the Chinese healer may use any of a staggeringly large array of traditional remedies. The patient may be treated with acupuncture or acupressure, moxibustion (moxa treatment), or cupping (in which hot glass cups are placed on the patient to draw blood to the skin). The Chinese healer may prescribe a brew prepared with one (or some combination) of thousands of medicinal plants or dried animal parts (e.g., snakes, scorpions, insects, deer antlers) in the Chinese pharmaceutical armamentarium.
The role of qi and meridians
An essential aspect of TCM is an understanding of the body's qi (life force; literally, "vital breath"), which flows through invisible meridians (channels) of the body. This energy network connects organs, tissues, veins, nerves, cells, atoms, and consciousness itself. Generally speaking, there are 12 major meridians, each of which connects to one of the 12 major organs in TCM theory. Meridians are also related to a variety of phenomena, including circadian rhythms, seasons, and planetary movements, to create additional invisible networks.
In acupuncture thin needles are inserted into specific points along the meridians. The needles stimulate the meridians and readjust the flow of qi to balance the body's yin and yang. In place of needles, massage (acupressure) can also be used to stimulate the acupuncture points. Acupuncture is sometimes accompanied by moxibustion, the burning of small cones of an herb (typically Artemisia moxa) at acupuncture points. Not only can the meridian network be used to alleviate symptoms; it can also endow TCM with the ability to change consciousness in those who receive treatment.
A TCM practitioner uses smell, hearing, voice vibration, touch, and pulse diagnosis to discover the source of an unbalanced health condition, which organ it is related to, and which meridians are affected. In addition, the practitioner typically makes use of what is known as the five agents, or five phases (wuxing). By observing natural law in action, ancient healers recognized five basic elements in the world—wood (mu), fire (huo), earth (tu), metal (jin), and water (shui)—and found that these elements have myriad correspondences, both visible and invisible. This framework helps skilled TCM practitioners to identify unbalanced relationships. For instance, one key correspondence relates to time of day. If an individual always gets a headache at 4 pm, this signals that Bladder qi is unbalanced, since the Bladder (of the TCM Kidney/Bladder organ pair) is in charge of maintaining the body's functions at that time. Using the five-element theory, the practitioner can create a healing plan that might contain such components as acupuncture, herbs, lifestyle changes, and foods for healing. It might also include Chinese psychology, which shows how the energy of unbalanced emotions can affect proper organ function.
Herbal therapy
TCM makes use of herbs and herbal formulas to strengthen organ function and support good health. An understanding of the essence of various herbal components gives the TCM practitioner a way to create a healing effect that reaches beyond the chemical composition and physical properties of the herbs. The practitioner chooses the herbal formula whose essence, or signature energy vibration, correctly stimulates or adjusts the body's own energy vibration.
Chinese herbal formulas, some in use for more than 2,200 years, are composed of ingredients chosen to function in combination with each other. In Western medicine, medications are usually prescribed individually for a specific effect. In classical TCM herbal formulas, each herb has a different purpose or role to help the body achieve harmony. For a plant to have been included in the Chinese apothecary, each of its parts had to be identified for a different healing purpose. TCM also looks at the healing properties of foods in the same way. Different foods carry different energies that can go directly to specific organs to help them heal.
Modern developments
Various Western scientific disciplines have conducted studies to learn how Chinese medicine works, but it is difficult to use a Western yardstick to measure Eastern medicine. For example, many studies on acupuncture involve research that attempts to prove that this modality can eliminate or reduce pain or alleviate certain conditions. However, this elementary approach ignores the deeper insight and experience of Chinese medicine that the human body has unlimited healing power and that the complementary energies of health and disease reflect the yinyang principle within the human body.
Genetics research and drug development
The yinyang principle can be applied to a genetic disease such as inherited breast cancer and its associated genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. According to this principle of natural law, if either of these genes is activated, somewhere in another part of the genetic code there also exists a gene to fix the action of the cancer gene, because there is an opposite energy to the one that produced the disease. There must be complementary programs running—one for developing the disease and one for healing it.
Nearly 200 modern medicines have been developed either directly or indirectly from the 7,300 species of plants used as medicines in China. For example, ephedrine, an alkaloid used in treating asthma, was first isolated from the Chinese herb mahuang. Today, scientists continue to identify compounds in Chinese herbal remedies that may be useful in the development of new therapeutic agents applicable in Western medicine. For example, an alkaloid called huperzine A was isolated from the moss Huperzia serrata, which is widely used in China to make the herbal medicine qian ceng ta. Studies suggest that this agent may compare favourably with manufactured anticholinesterase drugs such as donepezil, which are used to treat Alzheimer disease.
Meditation and health
The meditation exercises tai chi (taijiquan) and qigong ("discipline of the vital breath") are examples of other integral features of traditional Chinese healing that have been incorporated into health and fitness programs to complement modern medicine. Tai chi is characterized by deliberately slow, continuous, circular, well-balanced, and rhythmic movements that were originally practiced as a martial art. Qigong, which was known in ancient China as "the method to repel illness and prolong life," contains elements of meditation, relaxation training, martial-arts techniques, and breathing exercises that are intended to cultivate qi and transmit it to all the bodily organs. Today, many people worldwide regularly perform these exercises to promote health and may indeed derive health benefits from the exercise and relaxation.
History of Chinese medicine
The four major periods
Between the 29th century bce and the 16th century ce Chinese medicine passed through four major periods. The first, from the 29th to 27th centuries bce, was the time of the three emperors, primarily an era of myth and legend with only approximate dating of events. The events of the next 2,000 years are obscure, but a slow growth of medical knowledge and gradual changes in medical practice can be assumed.
The second period was a mixture of legend and fact centred on the career of Bian Qiao (Bian Que)—about whom anecdotal material dates to the first half of the 5th century bce. The third period was that of the great practitioners, the physicians Zhang Zhongjing and Wang Shuhe and the surgeon Hua Tuo, running from about ce 150 to 300. The individuals and events were real, although legends have grown up around them. The final 1,300 years, featuring the compilation of encyclopaedic works and the writing of commentaries on earlier authors, produced little that was original. In the second half of the 16th century, tenuous communication began with medical representatives from the West, and the character of Chinese medicine began to change.
Ancient Chinese emperors and medical texts
The three emperors—Fu Xi, Shennong, and Huangdi—were medically oriented. Fu Xi discovered the bagua ("eight trigrams"), the symbolic basis for medical, philosophical, and astrological thinking. Shennong, called the founder of Chinese medicine, was also known as the Divine Husbandman. Huangdi, the famed Yellow Emperor who ruled in the 27th century bce, was at one time believed to have written the Huangdi neijing (The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic). However, the work was actually composed much later—the 3rd century bce. Despite this discrepancy, the Huangdi neijing has been revered for centuries and provides the theoretical concepts for TCM.
Fu Xi and the bagua
Fu Xi, the legendary founder of the Chinese people, reputedly showed his subjects how to fish, raise domestic animals, and cook. He taught them the rules of marriage and the use of picture symbols. He also made known the bagua, which he first saw written on the back of a "dragon-horse" as it rose from the waters of the Yellow River (Huang He). To accomplish all of these things Fu Xi had to have an unusual beginning and a long reign. The former was provided by his mother, who conceived the future emperor miraculously and carried him in her womb for 12 years.
The bagua consists of eight trigrams, or three-line symbols, composed of continuous and broken lines. The continuous lines are called yang and basically represent all things male; the broken lines are called yin and represent female aspects of life. Yang and yin are complementary rather than antagonistic. Such is the profundity of meaning contained in these symbols that the Chinese philosopher Confucius once stated that if he could study the bagua for 50 years he might be able to obtain wisdom. Confucius did study the bagua long enough to write a commentary that forms part of the Yijing (Classic of Changes), one of the books revered throughout the history of China.
The ideograms for yin and yang first appeared in an appendix to the Yijing. In diagrammatic form yin and yang appear as two fish in a circle, yin in black and yang in white. The fact that each yin contains a little yang and each yang a little yin is symbolized by the eye of each fish which is of the opposite colour. Yin also stands for earth, moon, night, cold, moist, death, and passive, among other things, while yang represents heaven, sun, day, heat, dry, life, active, and so forth.
Medically speaking, everything could be classed either as yin or yang, and to heal diseases, the ancient Chinese physician strove to bring these two qualities back into balance. The inside of the body is yin, the surface or skin is yang; the spleen, lungs, and kidneys are yin, the heart and liver are yang; a disease is yin when it results from internal causes, yang when it comes from external causes; purgatives, bitter substances, and cold infusions are yin drugs, while resolvents, pungent substances, and hot decoctions are yang drugs. Yin and yang are present throughout the macrocosm of the world just as they are present in the microcosm of the human body.
Shennong and the Shennong bencaojing
The second legendary emperor, Shennong, is said to have been born in the 28th century bce and was known as the Red Emperor because his patron element was fire. His mother was a princess and his father a heavenly dragon. Shennong reportedly invented the plow, taught his people to be farmers, and found and tested plants that had curative or poisonous qualities. He supposedly wrote down much of this information in the Shennong bencaojing (Divine Husbandsman's Classic of Medicine), where he categorized the medicines as superior (nonpoisonous and rejuvenating), medium (having some toxicity based on the dosage and exerting tonic effects), or inferior (poisonous but able quickly to reduce fever and cure indigestion). Although most authorities now agree that the Shennong bencaojing was written about the time of Christ, Shennong is generally looked upon as the father of Chinese medicine.
Huangdi and the Huangdi neijing
The third of the three ancient Chinese emperors began his rule in 2697 bce. Called the Yellow Emperor, because his patron element was earth, Huangdi is the best known of the three early rulers. He was long supposed to have written the Huangdi neijing, although the work is now believed to have been composed in the 3rd century bce. Nevertheless, the Huangdi neijing has been the highest Chinese authority on medical matters for over 2,000 years and has appeared in many editions.
The major contribution Huangdi made to medicine must certainly be the invention of the nine needles for acupuncture. Like his predecessors, Huangdi had a remarkable birth and a long life. He supposedly taught his people how to print and how to make utensils of wood, pottery, and metal. A good administrator, he delegated to his aides such assignments as building boats, making the wheel, inventing a system of currency, composing a calendar, and many other useful tasks. Huangdi himself allegedly obtained information on diagnosis, the pulse, and other medical matters from immortals and goddesses. Huangdi was given the formula for the "nine gourd powder" and the "nineteen gold and silver prescriptions." He also acquired the prescription for making the "nine tripod pills." All of these he prepared on a special stove, one of his own inventions. To keep the fire going in this busy stove, thousands of tigers and leopards came to his home to take turns helping. When the last pills had been made, a yellow dragon came down from heaven and escorted Huangdi to paradise. Seventy of his concubines and most faithful ministers accompanied him on this final flight.
The emphasis in the Huangdi neijing, and indeed throughout most of Chinese medical history, is on the preventive rather than the curative. Physicians were rated on the basis of whether they could keep well people well. The physician who could take action only after the disease had manifested itself for all to see was looked on as an inferior practitioner. The Huangdi neijing states this concept clearly with some well-drawn analogies:
To administer medicines to diseases which have already developed and to suppress revolts which have already developed is comparable to the behavior of those persons who begin to dig a well after they have become thirsty, and of those who begin to cast weapons after they have already engaged in battle. Would these actions not be too late?
The elements of anatomy in the Huangdi neijing underlie the discussion of diseases. Yin and yang are distributed throughout the body in an even balance in a healthy individual. However, a specific organ or area may have more of one than of the other. These two principles are each subdivided into three degrees: yin has a great female principle, a female principle proper, and a young female principle, while yang has the male counterparts. These subdivisions differ from each other primarily in the relative amounts of air and blood contained in them. When these principles are balanced, the individual will be healthy.
Disease can also be caused by winds, the seasons, and noxious airs. The winds, some commentators believe, played such an important part in Chinese medicine because the original Chinese people came from the Yellow River area where the winds were usually active and where changes in direction and intensity often foretold difficulties or disasters. The noxious airs were usually thought of as indicating improper living habits, especially deviations from the rules of the Dao, or Way. If an individual strayed from the right way, he could expect to suffer for it, and medical problems were one type of penalty.
The organs (liver, heart, spleen, lungs, and kidneys) were thought to store materials. The viscera (gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, bladder, and the three burning spaces—unique areas that cannot be specifically identified) were looked on as eliminators. The comprehensive correspondences between these organs, viscera, substances, seasons, winds, and many other qualities, concepts, and things played a major role in Chinese medicine. The doctrine of the five elements—metal, water, wood, fire, and earth—was also important. The physician strove for a balance among the elements and the items related to them.
Using volumes that 500 years before had belonged to Zhang Zhongjing, Wang Bing compiled the most complete edition of the Huangdi neijing in the middle of the 8th century ce during the Tang dynasty (618–907). The governmental authorities determined that the work should be classed as a medical book. The decision meant that the Huangdi neijing was delivered into the hands of craftsmen (physicians) rather than into the hands of men of higher education who could appreciate the philosophy behind the medical teachings as well as the governmental and religious aspects. This unfortunate situation was later corrected by the Emperor Renzong (reigned 1021–63) of the following Song Dynasty (960–1279).
Bian Qiao
The first outstanding physician after the three emperors was Bian Qiao, who lived more than 2,000 years after Huangdi. Bian Qiao's birth date is uncertain but is thought to be in the early years of the 5th century bce. Although some facts are known about his life, Bian Qiao is also a somewhat mythical figure. The Herodotus of China, Sima Qian (c. 145–87 bce), wrote a long biography of him, contemporary authors wrote about his cures, and several books are assumed to have been written by him.
According to one story, Bian Qiao ran an inn when he was a young man. One of the older residents of the inn, Chang Sangjun, recognized Bian Qiao's sterling qualities and decided to make the younger man his medical heir. Chang Sangjun told Bian Qiao that he could have his medical secrets if he would vow not to divulge them to others. When Bian Qiao agreed, Chang Sangjun handed over a book and some herbs. Bian Qiao was to take the herbs in a special liquid for 30 days, and he would then be able to understand all the secrets of nature. Immediately after giving his instructions, Chang Sangjun vanished. Bian Qiao followed the instructions carefully, and at the end of the 30 days he discovered that he not only understood the secrets of nature but also could see through the human body. Wisely he kept this ability to himself and publicly derived his information about the patient's inner workings by carefully attending to the pulse.
Many miraculous cures and predictions were credited to Bian Qiao. When the great Zhao Jianzi had been unconscious for five days, the officials sent for Bian Qiao, who accurately predicted that Zhao would recover within three days. When this occurred, Bian Qiao was given 6,500 acres of land as a reward. Once when he was traveling through Guo, Bian Qiao heard that the prince had died. Going immediately to the palace gate, Bian Qiao sought detailed information. What he heard led Bian Qiao to say that he could bring the prince back to life. He diagnosed him with catalepsy, had his assistant apply moxa and acupuncture to several points, and received the plaudits of the assembled throng when, indeed, the prince's life was restored.
Bian Qiao's handling of the Marquis Qi Huan of the ancient state of Qi serves as a cautionary tale. While dining with the Marquis, Bian Qiao told him that he had a latent disease that should be treated immediately. The Marquis replied that he certainly was not ill. Five days later Bian Qiao saw the Marquis again and informed him that the disease had entered the blood. The Marquis responded by saying that he was not only well but was also becoming rather annoyed. After another five days, Bian Qiao told the Marquis that the disease was in the stomach and intestines, but he received the same response. After five more days, Bian Qiao again came into the Marquis's presence, but this time the physician said nothing and backed out of the room. His action upset the Marquis, who immediately sent a messenger to get an explanation for this strange behaviour. Bian Qiao replied with devastating logic:
When a disease was only skin deep it may be reached by concoctions and applications; when in the blood system by puncturing; when in the stomach and intestines by alcoholic extracts. But when it had penetrated the bone-marrow, what could a doctor do? Now that the disease has lodged in His Excellency's bone-marrow, it is useless for me to make further comments.
The Marquis became ill five days later, as Bian Qiao had predicted, and died shortly thereafter. This story is a beautiful example of the Chinese emphasis on preventive or early treatment rather than on attempts to cure a disease in its advanced stages.
Bian Qiao wrote the popular Nanjing (Difficult Classic), from which information on diagnostic methods was later incorporated into the Huangdi neijing. He also included the measurements and weights of various organs taken from cadavers. One of Bian Qiao's major struggles was against superstition. He endeavoured to instruct medical men and laity alike wherever he went. One of his most frequently quoted aphorisms was, "A case is incurable if one believes in sorcerers instead of in doctors."
Bian Qiao was looked upon by many as the most knowledgeable user of pulse lore, although Wang Shuhe, who lived 750 years later, is generally accepted as the chief authority on this peculiarly Chinese medical subject. Whatever may be the confusion over myth and fact in this great physician's life, the highest compliment one could pay to a Chinese physician was to call him a "living Bian Qiao."
The great practitioners
Zhang Zhongjing
The Chinese Hippocrates, Zhang Zhongjing, flourished toward the end of the 2nd century ce. He wrote an important book on dietetics, but he achieved his greatest fame for a treatise on typhoid and other fevers, a work highly regarded in the East for as long a time as Galen of Pergamum's works were popular in the West. Zhang described typhoid clearly and recommended the use of only a few potent drugs in treating it. The drugs were to be used one at a time, a considerable advance from the shotgun prescriptions then common. Zhang stated that cool baths were also an important part of the treatment, an idea that remained unused for 1,700 years until Scottish physician James Currie promoted it in his famous treatise on fever therapy.
Zhang paid close attention to the physical signs, symptoms, kind, and course of a disease, and he carefully recorded the results obtained from any drugs that he prescribed. Zhang forthrightly stood for the dignity and responsibility of the medical profession, and this attitude, coupled with his close powers of observation, make it easy to understand why he has become known by the name of his Greek medical ancestor. In the 16th and 17th centuries there was a strong revival of his teachings and practices.
Hua Tuo
Huangdi's Huangdi neijing devotes only a minute amount of space to surgery. Chinese doctors in the early periods felt that surgery was a matter of last resort, and little time was spent teaching or describing surgical techniques. What surgery was done was usually carried out by a lower grade of medical worker. However, around the beginning of the 3rd century ce a surgeon named Hua Tuo began to change Chinese surgery. As a young man, Hua Tuo traveled and read widely. He probably first became interested in medicine while trying to help the countless soldiers who had been wounded in the many wars of that violent period.
As a young surgeon Hua Tuo believed in simplicity, using only a few prescriptions and a few points for acupuncture. Using a preparation of hemp and wine, he was able to make his patients insensitive to pain. Hua Tuo was thus the discoverer of anesthetics, although some say that Bian Qiao had used them. He engaged in a wide variety of surgical procedures including laparotomy (incision into the abdominal cavity), removal of diseased tissues, and even a partial splenectomy (removal of the spleen). To treat gastrointestinal diseases Hua Tuo's favourite procedure was to resect the viscera and wash the inside. He probably even performed end-to-end anastomoses (connections) of the intestines, although it is not known what substance he used for the sutures.
Of the stories told of Hua Tuo, one—possibly apocryphal—is that General Guandi, one of the great military heroes of the time who eventually became the God of War, came to Hua Tuo because of an arrow wound in his arm that had become badly infected. The surgeon prepared to give his patient the usual anesthetic drink, but General Guandi laughed scornfully and called for a board and stones for a game of go. While Hua Tuo scraped the flesh and bone free of infection and repaired the wound, Guandi and one of his military companions proceeded calmly with their game.
Surgery, although his main interest, was only one of Hua Tuo's pursuits. He pioneered in hydrotherapy, and he did innovative work in physiotherapy. His series of exercises known as the frolics of the five animals, in which the patient imitated movements of the tiger, deer, bear, ape, and bird, was well known and widely adopted.
The end of Hua Tuo's life is hidden in a mist of conflicting and doubtful stories. A likely set of these has him late in life becoming court physician to Cao Cao, king of Wei. The surgeon temporarily relieved the ruler of his giddiness by acupuncture. When the king asked him to do something to remove this annoyance permanently, Hua Tuo said he would have to cut into the royal skull. Cao Cao's wife was in favour of surgery as a desperate hope, but the king became suspicious that his enemies had bribed Hua Tuo to kill him. In a fit of rage, perhaps triggered by these very headaches, the king had the surgeon thrown into jail and executed. Hua Tuo's major book, Qingnang shu (Book of the Blue Bag) was burned, either by the jailer who wanted to remove all traces of the prisoner or by the surgeon's wife acting in accordance with Hua Tuo's wishes expressed before he was jailed.
Hua Tuo earned his place as the greatest surgeon in Chinese history. Unfortunately, the destruction of his writings and the Confucian dogma against mutilation of the human body combined to prevent the growth of surgery that might have been expected to follow the life of such a remarkable pioneer.
Wang Shuhe and the pulse
Since medicine was far more important than surgery in Chinese history, diagnosis was of considerable significance. Although the early Chinese physician examined with care the colour of the patient's skin at various key points and noted any other external signs, he drew mainly on the pulse for diagnosis. Indeed, the study of the pulse was one of the major occupations of the physician, who listened for an almost endless variety of sounds and rhythms. The classic work in the field was the Maijing (The Pulse Classics), which was written by Wang Shuhe. Wang also wrote an important commentary on the Huangdi neijing, but his labours over the pulse are what raised him to the highest rank of Chinese physician. In the Huangdi neijing itself may be found the assertion "Nothing surpasses the examination of the pulse."
Basically, the physician had three places on each wrist at which he must ascertain the quality and quantity of the pulse. The place closest to the hand was known as the cun ("inch"), the middle position was the guan ("bar"), and the one farthest from the hand was called the chi ("cubit"). Yin representing right and yang left, a woman's right pulse indicated disorder and her left pulse order; the opposite held for a man.
The physician not only read three different pulses on each wrist but also read each pulse at two levels. For example, on the left wrist, when the inch was lightly pressed the pulse indicated the state of the small intestines; when heavily pressed, the heart. The bar lightly pressed indicated the state of the gallbladder, and when heavily pressed, the liver; and the cubit lightly pressed indicated the state of the urinary bladder, heavily pressed, the kidneys. The right wrist had its own relationships to the body organs.
The actual pulses were further divided into seven biao ("superficial") and eight li ("sunken") pulses. What could these pulses indicate? To take just one example, the seven superficial pulses on the inch position could indicate, among other things: (1) pains and heat in the middle region of the body and in the head; (2) accumulation of blood in the chest; (3) belching and vomiting; (4) insufferable heat within the thorax; (5) severe thoracic pains; (6) headaches; and (7) heat in the chest. Although to Western minds these varieties and relationships may appear complex or ridiculous, the Chinese physician trained in pulse lore could achieve some remarkable diagnoses.
Final period
In addition to the three emperors, as well as physicians such as Bian Qiao, Zhang Zhongjing, Hua Tuo, and Wang Shuhe, other individuals made single contributions of substantial importance to Chinese medicine. Ge Hong (3rd century ce), in a handbook of prescriptions for emergencies, gave a clear and detailed description of smallpox. Ge Hong's achievement came almost six centuries before al-Rāzī (Rhazes), the great Persian physician generally given credit for the first description of this deadly disease. About 700 years after Ge Hong, the practice of inoculation against smallpox grew out of a rather hazy background. Supposedly, inoculation was brought to China by either a spiritual old woman or a holy physician. This individual lived on a mountain and began the practice by using scabs that had been dried, ground into a powder, and inserted into the nostrils. The method spread and cut the mortality rate substantially.
From the time of Wang Shuhe in the 3rd century to the middle of the 16th century ce, Chinese medical men devoted much of their efforts to the compilation of massive encyclopaedias and the writing of commentaries on the classical works. In 1644 official rites for worshipping the ancient physicians were instituted at the Qing Hui Palace near the College of Imperial Physicians in Peking (Beijing). These rites were celebrated in the spring and fall for many years.
When Portuguese Bishop Belchior Carneiro established Saint Raphael's Hospital in the 16th century near Guangzhou (Canton), tentative medical communication began between East and West. As Western medicine gradually made deeper inroads in the country, some Chinese people began to believe that everything in Western medicine was scientific and good, and therefore better than the traditional medicine practiced in China. Despite the appearance once again of a physician, Sun Yat-sen, as the ruler of the country, this faith in Western medicine continued to grow at the expense of native medicine. However, in the early 20th century interest in TCM was renewed, and by the late 20th and early 21st centuries, TCM was practiced not only in China but also in countries worldwide.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
history of medicine: ChinaThe Chinese system of medicine is of great antiquity and is independent of any recorded external influences. According to tradition, Huangdi (the "Yellow Emperor"), one of the legendary founders of Chinese civilization, wrote the canon of internal medicine called the
Huangdi neijing( Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic)…
medicine: ChinaThroughout China the value of traditional medicine is stressed, especially in the rural areas. All medical schools are encouraged to teach traditional medicine as part of their curriculum, and efforts are made to link colleges of Chinese medicine with Western-type medical schools. Medical education is of shorter duration than it…
anesthetic: Anesthetics through history>traditional Chinese medicine, gained interest among practitioners of Western (conventional) medicine. As applied in Western medicine, apparently painless major operations are carried out after the insertion of acupuncture needles into specified points on the skin. Often an electric current is passed through the needle used.…
tiger: Tigers and humans…used by Asians, especially the Chinese, in medicines, potions, and even wine. These products are presumed to be useful in the treatment of rheumatism, rat bites, and various other diseases, for the restoration of energy, and as aphrodisiacs; whiskers are believed to cause intestinal ulcers in one's enemies. Poaching…
rhinoceros…a highly sought commodity in traditional Chinese medicine—not as an aphrodisiac, as is often widely reported, but as an antifever agent. Substitute agents have been found, particularly pig bone and water buffalo horn, but rhinoceros horn commands tens of thousands of dollars per kilogram in Asian markets. Today poaching remains…
More About Traditional Chinese medicine7 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- anesthetics
- ginkgo
- In ginkgo: Uses
- medicine
- rhinoceros horn
- In rhinoceros
- tiger parts
- yangsheng
- In yangsheng


text:
Vol. XXXIII—No. 18 Bethel College and Seminary, St. Paul, Minn. Tuesday, May 8, 1956
Choir Sings Requiem Sunday
Emity Blake Russell Miller
the CLARION GHirgandusatutizntPslaHnosnMoraecdie,
Education Curriculum
Completed Next Year
Noted Soloists
To Be Featured
Emily Blake and Russell Miller
are the featured soloists in
Brahms "Requiem" to be present-ed
in the fieldhouse next Sunday
at 4 p.m.
Miss Blake, teacher at MacPhail
college of music, and Russell
Miller, soloist at Wesley Temple,
are both well-known in the
Twin Cities.
The "Requiem" is more an en-larged
cantata than a requiem or
oratorio. Bethel students and
choirs from Elim Baptist church
and Augustana Lutheran church
will be singing.
Mr. Bertil Anderson is director.
Miss Mildred Bisgrove is the ac-companist.
Bethel Joins
Association Of
Minn. Colleges
Bethel was admitted to the Min-nesota
Association of Colleges
Saturday, April 28 at their annual
meeting held at Carleton college.
In this association administra-tive
officials of the various mem-ber
schools meet semi-annually.
Such an association helps to stan-dardize
college programs of edu-cation.
It also makes available to
the member schools the results of
the state-wide testing program for
high school seniors.
May 8—Student Recital, Chapel,
3 p.m.
9—P o e t r y Reading Contest,
Seminary Chapel, 8 p.m.
10—Sophomore Pow Wow
11—Seminary dinner, 5:30 p.m.
12—T r a c t Teams, Seminary
Room 3, 7 p.m.
13—Oratorial Choir Concert,
Fieldhouse, 4 p.m.
14—S t u d e n t Wives, Bodien
Lounge, 8 p.m.
DVBS Class
15—Gospel Team Picnic
16—Class Day
18—B Club Pow Wow
$100 Dinner Puts
School In Black
President Carl Lundquist an-nounced
in chapel May 3 that the
school was able to close its fiscal
year ending April 29 in the black.
Largely responsible for this was
the $100-a-plate dinner which was
sponsored for interested friends
of the school in order to enable
Bethel to meet its budget. Two
hundred and fourteen people at-tended
the dinner, and approxi-mately
$18,000 was taken in.
The dinner was held at Lee's
Highland Inn, with Nels Stjern-strom
leading the program.
Pres. Lundquist and Wyman
Malmsten, assistant to the presi-dent,
spoke briefly to the group,
while Dr. Bob Smith delivered the
main address. Arnold Wicklund, a
businessman, delivered a challenge
from the layman's point of view.
The annual poetry reading and
oratory contest will be held to-morrow
evening at 7:30 in the
College chapel.
Participating in this year's con-test
are Shirley Anderson, Phil
Caldeen, Donn Goss, Marilyn Hag-strom,
Betty Mattson, Betty Oh-lin,
Chuck Paton, Harold Richard-son,
and Beverly Voldseth.
The oratory contest preliminar-ies
will be held this afternoon at
3 o'clock in the chapel.
34 Scholarships
To Be Awarded
Recipients of 34 scholarships
totaling over $1,600 will be an-nounced
on Wednesday, May 16,
in the annual Honors Convocation
in the college chapel. Miss Effie
Nelson, chairman of the Faculty
Commencement Activities com-mittee,
disclosed that the com-mittee
is now in process of con-sidering
students for the honors.
The scholarships are mostly
awarded on the basis of scholastic
standing, "B" average at least 3
full quarters of school work at
Bethel, and the vocational inter-ests
and need of the student.
Each professor suggests a list
of deserving students to the com-mittee,
composed of Mr. Dalton,
sec'y., Dr. Paul Grabill, Dr. Nel-son,
Dean Anderson, Dean Omark,
Pres. Lundquist, Mr. Reuben 0-
mark & Dr. Anton Pearson. These
names are checked in the dean's
office for scholastic records and
to them are added all those main-taining
above a B average. The
committee then makes a tentative
list of honor winners and submits
it to the faculty for approval and
Grace Jolly, Webster
Head Senior Class
Grace Jolly from Edmonton,
Alberta, is this year's college
validictorian. Tentatively plan-ning
to go to the Philippines as
a missionary, Grace came to
Bethel last fall. She is an English
literature major.
Before coming to Bethel, she
attended Teachers' college in Sas-katoon
Saskatchewan, the Uni-versity
of Alberta, and Briercrest
Bible Institute. She has taught
school near Wadina, Saskatchewan
and Edmonton, Alberta.
She is a member of the college
choir and the Foreign Missions
Salutatorian of the college sen-ior
class is David Webster from
Minneapolis. Graduating with a
major in psychology and a split
minor in sociology and anthro-pology,
Dave plans to attend the
University of Minnesota this sum-mer
and begin work on his mas-ter's
degree in psychology. His in-terest
may lead him into either
flying or personnel work.
Three Share Sem Honors
Co-validictorian of the semin-ary
senior class are Dwight Erick-son
and John Hiben, whose grades
are practically identical.
Dwight, after attending Bethel
for two years, graduated from
San Diego State College in 1952.
He plans to continue his studies
in the New Testament at the Uni-versity
of Chicago.
This past year Dwight has had
a student pastorate at Long Prai-rie,
Minn., and has taught Greek
at St. Paul Bible Institute.
John Hiben from Minneapolis
graduated from Bethel College in
1954. He will continue his gradu-ate
studies at either Northern or
Central Baptist seminaries. After
school, he plans to take up either
the ministry or teaching. While
at Bethel John has been active in
Sunday School and Gospel team
Salutatorian of the seminary
this year is Harvey Swanberg
from Minneapolis. Harvey grad-uated
from Bethel college in 1952.
In addition to attending school
and getting top grades, Harvey
has worked full time for the past
five years to support his wife
and two children. He plans to
enter the Air Force as a chaplain.
Dr. Simonson
For the first time in Bethel's
history the baccalaureate services
will be held in the fieldhouse. The
service, at 5 p.m. Sunday, May
20, 1956, will be preceded by an
organ prelude by Prof. C. Howard
Smith. The Rev. James Luckman,
missionary home on furlough from
Ethiopia, will speak.
Following the service at 5 p.m.
a reception will be held in the
dining hall of Bodien residence.
Held May 25
Commencement exercises are
scheduled for Friday, May 25,
8:00 p.m. in the fieldhouse. A com-mencement
prelude at 7:45 by
Richard Dahlquist will precede the
processional. Leading the proces-sion
of graduates and faculty will
be the marshals, Marjory Peter-son,
highest ranking junior, and
Norris Magnuson, highest ranking
seminary middle-man.
A mass choir composed of the
musical groups on campus, and
directed by Prof. C. Howard
Smith, will provide the music.
The college graduates will
be presented by Dean Anderson
and the seminary graduates by
Dean Omark. President Lundquist
will confer the degrees and pre-sent
the diplomas.
A reception for the faculty, the
graduating classes, and their rela-tives,
will follow the commence-ment
Dr. Anderson
Becomes Dean
Of Students
Dr. V. Elving Anderson, acting
dean, will be serving our school
in the capacity of Dean of students
beginning next fall. This office
will serve as a coordination of all
non-academic interests in the col-lege
and seminary.
The speficic areas which are co-ordinated
here include counseling
service, health, housing, food ser-vices,
co-curricular activities, stu-dent
aid, vocational services (in-cluding
placement), guidance in
student conduct and various re-ligious
The fourth year of the secondary teacher training program will
be inaugurated at Bethel during the coming school year, 1956-57. Stu-dents
graduating through this program will be certified by the state
to teach in secondary schools.
The program, which involves the
addition of senior courses in edu-cation,
will be subject to the re-view
of the state department of
education. Final approval will be
made by that department at the
close of the next school year.
To qualify for a teaching cer-tificate,
a student must have 27
credits in education besides the
usual credit requirements for an
academic major and minor. The
principal courses which will be
added to the curriculum are in
the areas of general methods,
aspecial methods, and observation
and practice teaching.
The plans include the beginning
of a placement service for stu-dents
for students graduating
from the course.
The beginning of the full sec-ondary
teacher training program
marks the attainment of a goal
set up several years ago. It was in
1953 that the third year of edu-cation
courses was first offered.
Poetry, Oratory
Contest Held
Tomorrow Night
Ethiopian Ambassador
To Speak At Convo Tues.
United States Ambassador to will speak at a convocation ser-
Ethiopia, Dr. Joseph Simonson, vice Tuesday, May 15, in the field-house.
Having departed from the Ethio-pian
capital April 14, he will ar-rive
in Minnesota on May 10,
where speaking engagements and
other activities will occupy his
time until the end of June, after
which there will be consultations
in Washington and New York
prior to leaving once again for
Ethiopia July 26.
Dr. Simonson was appointed am-bassador
to Ethiopia by President
Eisenhower in 1953.
He spent his college years at
St. Olaf college in Northfield,
Minnesota, and was graduated
from Luther Theological seminary
in St. Paul, in May 1931.
The degree Doctor of Laws was
conferred upon him by Concordia
college, Moorhead, Minnesota, in
June 1952.
by Dick Bibler
HERE UNTIL SOmEONE
Zetteta to de
the CLARION
ALLAN STAHNKE, co-editors
June Sparling, feature-news
Lois Larson, ass't. news editor
David Strand, sports editor
Ripley Moore, rewrite editor
Marilyn Carlson, layout editor
Phil Caldeen, business mgr.
Issued weekly during the school
year by Bethel College and
Seminary, St. Paul 1, Minn.
Subscription price: $3.00
Page 2 the CLARION Tuesday, May 8, 1956
Suppose someone on Bethel's
campus were to begin a survey
among students as to what their
plans are for the summer. The
results might easily turn out like
this: (1) I'm going to work, (2)
I'm getting married, (3) I will be
teaching Bible school, (4) I'm get-ting
married, (5) I guess I'll loaf,
(6) I'm getting married and so
on and on.
There seem to be quite a num-ber
of our students who are go-ing
to start braving the storm on
the sea of matrimony during the
coming summer months. Natural-ly,
these prospective brides and
grooms have come to this point
in their relationship in various
ways, and the beginning of these
relationships might be interesting
There is one problem which re-sults
from this situation. That is
a question of why, under the var-ious
circumstances involved in
their time of courtship, did they
choose this summer. Didn't any
of them realize that there will
probably be dozens of weddings
involving Bethel students this
summer and that it would be re-membered
much longer if they
waited until a summer when there
were only one or two of the joy-ous
occasions involving our Beth-elites.
They say love is blind, and
if our marriage prospectives have
not heard about all of these other
prospects here I am inclined to
think that it may be deaf as well.
May I now turn abruptly to the
more sensible side of this thing.
Surely we can be thankful that
marriage plans evolving on our
campus have been nourished by
Christian principles and that the
homes which they establish will
be testimonies of Christian love
and centered in Christ. Let us pray
that God will guide and bless them
in their lives together.
Gratitude Expressed
Dear editor:
I like to play tennis, but as of
yet I am not very good at it for
I am just learning how. Bethel's
new tennis courts now make ten-nis
more convenient. But this ad-dition
to our campus is serving
the school in a greater capacity
than merely being a convenience.
Many of us are starting to play
tennis for the first time. We are
learning what an exciting game
this can be and although we find
it a hard game to play we are
thoroughly enjoying it. But much
more than giving us a broader
education and making our lives
fuller because of the knowledge
and enjoyment of this game, we
are meeting new people and mak-ing
new friends. Students I have
never had the chance to meet be-fore
are now becoming my friends
because of a mutual interest in
the game of tennis. This is also
a part of my education and also
a part of my"Christian life, meet-ing
people and making friends.
The reason I write this letter
is to personally thank the school
for these things they have done
for us by way of the new tennis
P.S. Anybody for tennis ?
Dining Hall Defended
Dear editor:
The article in the last CLARION
concerning Bethel meals was un-necessary
and uncalled for. The
cleverly written article was an
insult to Bethel's reputation and
the cooks.
Does the author of the article
realize that off-campus people also
read the CLARION? What re-action
will parents and prospec-tive
students have to this article?
The author probably didn't con-sider
these factors.
Naturally the cooks are indir-ectly
"accused" of making the
meals stated in the article. Actu-ally
I doubt whether the author
of the article ever watched the
cooks prepare the meals. If the
person has gripes about the meals
why doesn't he or she talk to the
cooks instead of "sneaking" an
article into the CLARION where
everyone can see it. Anyone can
criticize the cooks but I wonder
how many Bethelites are Christ-ian
enough to pray for them at
the meal prayers. Then, too, how
does one expect the cooks to make
steaks and eggs every day when
only $1.17 is charged for the daily
meals. If the charge was raised
the same students would probably
complain about the prices of the
meals. It's simply impossible to
please 300 to 400 students, espec-ially
when some are unreasonable
in their judgments.
What about our Christian out-look
on this matter ? The Bible
says "In everything give thanks
. . ." How can anyone pray asking
the blessing on the food and then
tell others how "sloppy" it is.
What kind of Christianity is this ?
Let's have less unnecessary criti-cism
and more Christian love and
respect for the cooks and our col-lege.
A grateful student
Reply to Honiglecker
Dear Editor:
"Honiglecker", who wrote in the
CLARION of April 4, has a cor-dial
invitation to enroll in Ren-aissance
and Reformation history.
While one may agree with the idea
of the letter, the line of historical
interpretation used to substan-tiate
it was erroneous.
The sixteenth century was not
an age of toleration. Christian
humanists and Protestan reform-ers
were capable of as much in-tolerance
as Italian humanists and
Catholic reformers.
Erasmus, perhaps the greatest
Christian humanist, in a letter to
Sir Thomas Grey wrote: "I would
not have you construe this as dir-ected
against Theology itself . . .
I have only amused myself in
making game of some psudo-theo-logians
of our time, whose brains
are rotten, their language barbar-ous,
their intellects dull, their
manners rough, their life hypo-critical,
their talk full of venom,
and their hearts as black as ink."
Luther, in denouncing Henry
VIII did not demonstrate Christ-ian
love when he called him a
"damnable and rotten worm, a
snivelling, drivelling swine of a
sophist." No more deserving of
commendation was the language
of Thomas More when he retal-iated
to the foregoing by com-plaining
of the language of "this
apostate, this open incestuous
lecher, this plain limb of the devil
and manifest messenger of hell."
The CLARION is to be com-mended
for the editorial on the
right to criticize constructively.
One really should not love a sys-tem
or organization to the point
where one is unwilling to recog-nize
faults which may be a part
Roy C. Dalton
Mission Budget
by Marjory Peterson
At this point, gentle and kindly
pressure is being put on at the
Wednesday chapel services. There
are only two weeks left and we
are still $2,299 away from our
missionary budget goal of $5,500.
It is quite obvious that again this
year the goal will not be reached.
The religious council is trying to
analyze the reason for this disap-pointment.
Can it be that the ap-peals
have not been strong en-ough?
Are Bethel students losing
interest in missions ?
This concern brings to my mind
another question. Why do we have
a missionary goal? It has long
been a Baptist practice to care-fully
avoid assessing any kind of
dues to its members. Yet this is
what the religious council does, in
effect, by setting up this type of
budget. In actuality they have as-sessed
an amount of $10 as the
requested missionary giving from
each student.
Mr. Stjernstrom speaking in
chapel last Wednesday, in an at-tempt
to appeal on the personal
level stated that the question is
not "What will the Bethel stu-dents
do ?" but "What did I do ?"
This is the emphasis that I would
like to see. Most Bethel students
are members of a church where
they can give their missionary
contributions. Why not encourage
them to do so individually ("What
did I do ?") rather than have a
committee set up standards for
the student body ("What will the
Bethel students do ?").
Miss Johnson Exhibits
Ink and Pencil Art
Art work of Miss Dorothy John-son,
instructor of art, will be ex-hibited
in the student center until
the end of the year.
Miss Johnson has on exhibit pen
and ink, and pencil life drawing
and advertising illustrations.
These will remain up for a week
or so.
The works of the art classes
will be shown later. Of most in-terest
will be the works of June
Carlson and Earl Grano, art ma-jors.
These two are Bethel's first
art majors.
Miss Buckley Recovering
On the sick list, Audrey Buckley
is in the girl's infirmary recover-ing
from major surgery perform-ed
Sunday, April 9 at Mounds
hospital. According to Marian
Reimer, school nurse, Audrey has
already been taking her meals in
the dining hall, and should soon
be up and around.
Editor's note
Instead of an editorial, we are inserting a statement of the admini-strative
committee regarding the controversy involving the Commence-ment
At a special meeting last Friday the faculty of Bethel College
and Seminary recommended to the administration that the com-mencement
address scheduled to be delivered by Dr. W. A. Cris-well
be canceled because of his recent inflammatory pro-segrega-tion
remarks made before South Carolina audiences. Dr. Criswell,
pastor of the First Baptist Church of Dallas, Texas, insisted in
his public statements that segregation is the only Biblical answer
to the race problem.
The recommendation highlights Bethel's long-standing policy
on admissions. It always has welcomed to its student body young
people of other races, including Negroes. This practice was cry-stallized
in a formal resolution by the Board of Education in
VTDC when there was intense national unrest toward those of
Japanese ancestry in the United States. At that time the Board
wrote into its minutes that any applicant otherwise qualified shall
be admitted to Bethel College and Seminary regardless of his race.
The faculty recommendation constitutes an attempt to disa-vow
the racial viewpoint which so recently and so publicly has
become associated with Dr. Criswell. The feeling among many
faculty members is that the appearance of Dr. Criswell at this
time on such a ceremonial occasion as Commencement might imply
endorsement of his stand on the race issue. The classrooms and
convocation periods, however, are open to him to visit us to pre-sent
his position in the give and take of academic discussion.
On Monday morning this week the administration voted to
accept the faculty recommendation and asked the Commence-ment
Activities Committee to make other arrangements for a
Behind The Counter
by Shirley Anderson
Are you in favor of turning a situation around and getting the
other guy's point of view? If not, don't read further. In order to be
objective about this whole matter of going through line—from before
the door opens until you pour your milk—I'm going to give you the
"inside story."
It's two minutes until serving time. The crew have been pushing
down their supper for the past eight minutes, when someone outside
begins pounding on the door. Still chewing on those last three bites,
they jump up and begin dishing up a few plates in preparation for
the opening of the door. The elusive two minutes have escaped and the
door is opened, letting in a torrent of noise, gripes, chatter, requests,
and occasionally some genuine cheer.
To be really specific, here are some of the things we hear.
"Could I have more meat instead of a pickle?"
"If I don't take any meat, can I have three desserts ?"
"Can't you hide an extra piece of meat under my potatoes ?"
Then there's the fellow who comes through the line singing "Re-member
And on Friday. "It's dark in here tonight. You'd better put
two pieces of meat on so I can see it."
"I don't like liver, but I'll take it—the pieces are bigger."
And the phrase that's heard every meal. "Do you have any man-size
portions ?"
The gravy girls gets a good share of the remarks.
"Do it two times."
"I want the gravy on the potato she didn't have."
"Juice it up so it slides down!"
Familiar to all is the hearty but not too sincere "My, you girls look
nice tonight!"
It's six-thirty and time to close the door. We relax over a cup of
coffee. We laugh because it's been fun to see there's nothing more
original or trite than people.
One Moment Please
by Junette Best
Zoo'a So Sao
Bill Conrad, George Visel, and Terry Bottenfield are three of
Bethel's golf team. Notice how each player watches the ball al-though
Terry is having difficulty since there is no ball there.
Open Sunday 11:30 a.m. 'til 8:00 p.m.
Week-days 5:00 p.m. 'til 9:00 p.m.
Snelling & Larpenteur Ave.
Phillips' 66 Motor Oils
and Gasoline
1588 Como MI 6-9153
• : •
1583 Hamline Avenue North
MIdway 6-2034
Tuesday, May 8, 1956
the CLARION
Royals Power
Over Augsberg
Bethel broke a long time jinx
May 1, as they blasted the Augs-burg
nine by the score of 8-1, at
Northeast field.
Behind the six hit, five strike-out
pitching of Ed Brunzell, the
Royals broke the long tradition
of defeats which the Augsburg
crew have hung on the Bethel
The Royals got their first run
in the first frame and held the
Auggies scoreless until t h e
eighth when they got a single
Ken Albright banged out a cir-cuit
blow to add another run for
Bethel in the second inning. A free
pass, an error, and a double by
Donn Goss gave the Royals a pair
of markers in the third.
A home run by Jack Tierney and
a trio of free passes gave the
Royals single tallies in the fourth
and fifth innings.
The ninth inning saw Bethel
pick up a pair of insurance runs.
A pair of free passes and singles
by Donn Goss and Ken Albright
produced the runs.
The Auggies picked up their
lone tally in the eighth on a pair
of walks and a single by Nelson.
Brunzell picked us his third win
of the season as he gave up six
hits and struck out five. Olson
was tagged with the Augsburg
loss as he gave up five hits, three
of which were for extra bases.
Johnson and Barnes
Fairway Foods
Fruits, Vegetables
and Bakery Goods
597 N. Snelling Ave.
Mi 6-8621
Orace H. Hanson, Reg. Phar.
Lexington and Larpenteur
Tune-up — Brake Service
Tubeless Tires and Repair
N. L. Hermes
1709 N. Snelling
Mi 4-1017 Mi 4-6270
Auggies Club
Bethel Golfers
The Bethel golf squad lost a
14% to 1/2 decision to Augsburg
to give the squad a one win and
three loss record.
The only win of the season came
at the expense of Concordia as
the Royals copped a 7 1/2 to 4 1/2
The squad composed of Terry
Bottenfield, George Visel, Bill
Conrad, Bill Larson and Joe Stoke
lost to Hamline 15-0, and dropped
a 9 1/2 to 2 1/2 count to River Falls.
Bethel Racket-men
Win First Match
Bethel's tennis team defeated
Augsburg 5-2 Tuesday May 1 on
Bethel's home court for their first
win of the 1956 season.
The win gave the Royals, co-captained
by Al Mesko and Hank
Pederson, a season's record of one
win, two losses and one tie. The
team tied Luther and lost to Mac-alester
and Northwestern.
The remaining scheduled mat-ches
are with Hamline on May
10, and Luther on May 12.
Parade Stadium
Thursday, May 10
8:00 p.m.
Records - Phonographs - TV
Gulck's Records and
Open Evenings till 9 P.M.
221 No. Snelling MI 5-7744
1544 West Larpenteur
Deposits insured to $10,000 by the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Six Tracksters
Score 31 Points
Bethel's track team scored a
total of 31 points in a meet with
Hamline, Augsburg and North-western
on Thursday, May 3.
Don Bachman won the only first
place for the team as he topped
everyone in the two mile race.
Jim Reinholdt and Beryl Mun-son
took seconds in the mile and
880 respectively.
Others who placed were Dave
Morin, Dave Seaquist, and Harvey
The events in which Bethel plac-ed
were the 100, 440, and 880 yard
dashes; the mile and two mile; the
high hurdles; the shot; the broad
jump; and the mile relay.
Royals Humbled
By Concordia 3-5
The Bethel Royals lost their
fourth game of the season as Con-cordia
nine set down the Royals,
8-5, Tuesday, April 24 at Con-cordia.
The first two innings were score-less
as the Royals sent only seven
men to the plate and Concordia
The Comet nine broke into the
scoring column in their half of the
third inning. A pair of errors, a
hit batsman and a pair of singles
produced the two runs.
Bethel did their first scoring as
Don Goss was hit by a pitched
ball and Albright doubled, to
drive in one run.
Concordia again broke lose as
they scored three runs in the
fourth frame. A combination of a
double, two free passes and a hit
batsman produced the tallies.
In the seventh, the
Royals trailed 5-1. The Bethel
nine capitalized on four base hits,
two for extra bases, and a base
on balls to tie the score at 5-5.
A circuit smash by Jack Tierney
and a double by John Berg backed
the rally.
The Comets then proceeded to
tag Brunzell for three runs in the
seventh to sew up the game.
Ladies' and Men's Apparel
in Falcon Heights
1540 West Larpenteur
MIdway 5-1364
Paced by the four hit pitching
of Othess, Bemidji State Teachers
tipped Bethel 4-3 last Saturday
morning at Dunning field.
Eagles Act As Pawns
to Bethel: Lose 14-3
smothered the Northwestern dia-mondmen,
14-3, at Como Field,
April 26. The Eagles were held to
only four hits, while the Royals
connected for 10.
Bethel opened fire early as they
scored four runs in the third
frame. A pair of walks, an error,
and two base hits provided the
Northwestern posed a slight
threat in the fourth and fifth as
they picked up three runs on
some loose Royal fielding and a
pair of base knocks.
The roof fell in on the Eagles
in the seventh as the Royals com-piled
a grand total of six stolen
bases, five hits and a comedy of
Eagle errors to tally seven runs.
The Bethel nine added three
more runs to complete their scor-ing
as they rapped out three hits.
The win went to Brunzell who
allowed only four hits. Schoon was
blasted for ten hits and was tag-ged
with the Northwestern loss.
Hamline and Hoyt Mi 6-9272
Brake and Mechanical Work
Towing Service
="g.- ttcc-tmoctetetetetctetetemetcummtvx
1692 North Lexington Ave.
(in the Plaza)
, D'aiD111-2421BMAVADIA-24-W4A-DIA-Daahltio,
Bemidji picked up a run in the
first on two hits and a wild pitch.
They scored one more in the third
and two in the fourth while the
Royals failed to hit safely.
Albright singled in the fourth
for Bethel's first hit but it was
the sixth before the home team
could score, and then it was due
to shoddy fielding. In the seventh,
the Royals picked up another on
hits by Stahnke and Brunzell.
Nyberg started on the mound
and was relieved by Stahnke in
the fifth. He finished the game
with five hitless innings but the
deceisive runs had already scored.
Team Batting Averages
Player Times at bat Hits Av.
Goss 26 8 .308
Albright 34 9 .264
W. Larson 23 6 .261
Singleton 34 8 .235
Tierney 34 8 .235
Berg 30 7 .233
Kibby 32 6 .187
Stahnke 6 1 .166
Brunzell 24 2 .085
Nyberg 3 0 .000
Total 246 55 .223
Como and Snelling Ayes.
Monday-1 p.m. till 6 p.m.
Tues. - Sat.-8 a.m. till 6 p,m,
e ealotelead
eroehie, Co.
324 Kresge Bldg.
7th and Nicollet
Bemidji Stops Bethel 4-3
Dave's Strands
The intramural tennis program is to start soon. Those signed up
for participation include: Dale Larson, George Visel, Bob Swanson,
Donn Goss, Ron Polassari, Dale Nystrom, Dave Swanson, Joe Stolte,
Stan Barker, Bob Chambers and Terry Bottenfield.
The baseball schedule for the future will feature a night game.
The game is to be played at Parade Stadium, at 8:00, on May 14. The
game will renew old rivalaries, as the Royals will face Northwestern.
The track team will participate in the St. Thomas Open, on May
14. The golf team has a meet with Luther College scheduled for May
7. The tennis squad will take on Northwestern on May 7.
The Royal baseballers have been giving their batting averages
a little shot in the arm lately. Jack Tierney has two circuit blows to
his credit and Ken Albright one. If the fielding can remain consistent
with the increased hitting power, the chances for a winning season
should be good.
"Zaida't Te Zavetey 2Veddia9"
Humor, Pathos Highlight Play
by Marjory Peterson
The Junior Class presented Thornton Wilder's "Our Town" to
capacity audiences both Friday and Saturday nights, April 27 and 28.
The play, with its informal staging was well suited to Bethel's in-adequate
drama facilities. An excellent feature was the salting of
some of the action in the audience or at the stage steps. The effective
lighting further helped to overcome the stage difficulties.
The play's three acts divide the lives of the character's into youth,
love and marriage, and death. The audience was especially responsive
the second night, relaxing in the informal setting and following with
sympathy the poignant scenes of the last act.
Harold Richardson's easy handling of the stage manager's role
effectively held together the rather loosely connected scenes. Elaine
Nelson gave a sensitive performance of Emily, giving a pert live-liness
to her childhood scenes. She was particularly expressive in the
last act, performing the pensive struggle to accept death with under-standing.
Les Funk and Betty Mattson scored the biggest laughs of the
play. Les, noting the audience reaction to his drinking coffee from
an imaginary saucer, delighted them by repeating it several times.
Betty's character role was played with enthusiasm and reached its
funniest point with her running commentary during the wedding scene.
Faculty Wives Host Student Wives
To Sem Graduates Install Officers
Westlund's Food
Market, Inc.
Quick Freeze Service
For your Locker or
Home Freezer
597 N. Snelling Ave.
MIdway 6-8621
1233 W. Larpenteur
Open daily from 11:30-1 a.m.
Sundays from 12:00-1 a.m.
Winfrey's Variety
Your Neighborhood
Variety Store
1532 Larpenteur Mi 4-7849
10% Discount to Bethel Students at
7alem Dry Cleaners and ,Caunderers
1541 West Larpenteur, near Snelling
WI4e VA 764te 79, Stade/ Ve,td4
Page 4
the CLARION
Tuesday, May 8, 1956
School Picnic What Spring Means To Me
Closes Year
The school's last social function
will be the all-school picnic to be
held at Taylor's Falls Thursday
afternoon, May 24. Games have
been planned for the afternoon,
including the traditional college-seminary
"kitten ball battle."
The afternoon of sight-seeing
and games will be followed by a
supper and a short devotional mes-sage.
Christian Service
To Have Picnic
The Christian Service depart-ment
has invited all the active
participants in their activities to
a picnic May 15 at Thompson
Park by the St. Paul Waterworks.
Those going will leave the girls'
dormitory at 5:30 p.m. Volleyball
and games will be played. There
will probably be a weiner roast.
Junior Breakfast
May 9 At Como Park
The juniors will have their class
breakfast in Como Park on Wed-nesday
morning, May 9, at 6:00
a.m. A recreational program is
being planned for the occasion, in-cluding
tennis, volley ball, and
The breakfast, which will con-sist
of scrambled eggs and meat
among other things, will be pre-pared
by a group of students
headed by Reetha Creech. The
site of the breakfast will be in
the Como picnic area west of the
tennis courts. Students may meet
in front of the girls' dorm at 5:45
a.m. for rides.
Smith To Speak
At Soph Outing
A talk by Dr. Robert Smith, a
"sing", and music by the sopho-more
quartet will make up a large
part of the program at the sopho-more
pow wow, which will be held
in Como park on May 14.
The pow wow will begin at 5
p.m. with various types of games.
Later on the picnic supper will be
eaten, and a devotional time will
pickup and Mon., Wed.,
deliver and Fri.
Phil Caldeen between
Rep. 3 and 5
Open evenings
till 10:00
1556 Como Ave. MI 6-9295
Quality Hair-cutting
1546 W. Larpentuer
Lubrication and Repairs
Snelling and Larpenteur
Mi 6-9179
by Allen Hubin
Spring has been lauded by the
best of writers and poets. It is,
to quote experts, the season when
a young man's thoughts turn to
love or something, the season
when flowers bloom and birds
sing and grass grows and mort-gages
are extended, and the sea-son
when humanity wears one big
happy smile which it flashes about
with somewhat blinding brilliancy.
No, since I am neither a writer
nor a poet, I must content my-self
with pointing out the true
spring. In this sense, therefore,
this article may correctly be term-ed
an Expose!
Spring, as has been observed on
occasion, follows winter in the or-dinary
schedule with commendable
frequency, and trundles out toward
the end of June.
Spring is the season when nice
roads become muddy and bumpy,
when bad roads become impass-able,
and when birds get acute
laryngitislessness. Spring is ac-companied
by hay fever, weather
which is somewhat colder than
mid December, and a singular im-mobility
of the human race. Spring
is when it rains and snows eccen-trically,
when you put away your
snow shovels and get ten inches
the next day. It's when you plant
your garden only to have a cloud-burst
move it about a block down
the street the following day.
Spring is when trees and flow-ers
emit sickly, experimental
shoots, and that you discover that
every dog for miles has been at-tracted
to your lawn during the
winter. It's when the sidewalk as-sumes
indignant humps and bil-lows,
and what was a vertical
clothes-line post in fall has rotted
and fallen down and become a
horizontal clothes-line post.
Spring is when people who own
houses take off storm windows
the small boys have put snowballs
through, to put on screens which
small boys will put softballs
through. Spring is when the car
which ran so well all winter devel-ops
sleeping sickness, backfireitis,
and hardening of the gas line.
Spring is when the young po-liceman's
thoughts turn to tickets,
and when mankind's right food
gets alarmingly heavier. Spring
is when green signal lights blithe-ly
turn red in your face, and you
inevitably end up at the rear end
of a mile long line of cars headed
by an elderly couple pedalling a
Model T.
Spring is also, statistically
speaking, when more meteors fall,
more people get rammed by fly-ing
saucers and submarines, more
men, women, and children get
drafted and more people purchase
articles whose guarantees are
guaranteed to expire three days
before the article decomposes.
Spring is, finally, when dis-gusted,
frustrated, aspiring auth-ors
write articles disecting Spring.
Snelling and Larpenteur
Midway 6-9185
Complete Lubrication �� Towing
Brake Work
03 in
The seminary faculty's wives
and the administration's wives are
sponsoring a progressive dinner
May 9 at 6:30 p.m. in honor of
the seminary seniors.
There are about 65 planning to
attend. They will divide into two
groups to have juice, salad, and
The mose of Dr. Bass, Dr. Con-rad,
Dean Omark, Walfred Daniel-son,
Reuben Omark, Anton Pear-son,
and Dr. Virgil Olson will be
visited in the course of the meal,
but the two groups will also meet
in the dining hall for a ham din-ner.
Newly elected officers will be
installed at the meeting of the
Student Wives association May
14 at 8 p.m. in the Bodien resi-dence
lounge. A violin soloist will
also be featured.
Sophs Elect McRostie
As Next Year's Prexy
The sophomore class elected
Gordon McRostie president for the
next school year. The other class
officers elected by the class are:
John Sahlin, vice-president; Elaine
Nelson, secretary; and Tom
Young, treasurer.
A Nationally Accredited
The Mounds-Midway Unit of the Hamline University
School of Nursing, operated in connection with Mounds
Park and Midway Hospitals, offers the unusual opportunity
of studying nursing in hospitals of high standards in an
atmosphere of Christian fellowship and missionary interest.
• Our next class begins in June, 1956. Applications should
be made to
Mounds Park Hospital
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text:
NOTE: While new carpeting is being installed at the Oshtemo Branch Library, access to some materials may be unavailable. Thank you for your patience.
Log in
The following material is from the 1973 Initial Inventory of Historic Sites and Buildings in Kalamazoo and was made available for use here by the Historic Preservation Coordinator of the City of Kalamazoo. See Introduction to an Initial Inventory for details about how the survey was conducted.
The little brick cottage at 605 South Street is one of the oldest surviving homes in the city. It was one of the first to go up when Kalamazoo's "Plat # 2" was opened in the early 1840's. John Hogeboom, a farmer from New York, paid $.39 tax on his lot in 1846 and again in 1847. In 1847, however, he put up the Greek Revival cottage which remains largely unchanged in exterior details down to the present time. Hogeboom, his wife, Helen and their three daughters, lived in the home only briefly. In 1849, they affected a trade with William Tuttle, who owned one hundred and twenty acres in Oshtemo Township. The local tax assessor found the Hogebooms on the farm and Tuttle on South Street in the spring of 1850. In June of that year, the Census taker recorded Hogeboom as a "farmer" and found Tuttle a "carpenter". Tuttle, his wife, Jane, and three children occupied the house until 1852. Twins, Shelby and Ella, were born to them in that year, and perhaps the little house seemed too crowded. In any event, a plat map issued in 1853 shows Israel Kellogg's name on the property.
Israel Kellogg, born in Eastern New York in 1798, came to Kalamazoo in 1842. For the next ten years he served as landlord of the "Kalamazoo House"--the famous stopping place at the junction of East Michigan and Portage. He retired when the old building was replaced by a new and larger brick one. He owned a planing mill next, and, in the later 1850's, served as superintendent of construction at the Asylum. Kellogg held the South Street property only a year, selling it in September of 1853 to a young merchant from Richland, Frank Little, who lived there for the next fifty years.
More than forty years later, Frank Little spoke at the Kalamazoo Pioneer Society's annual picnic one summer day in 1895. In his seventies then, he recalled his first coming to Michigan. In October of 1831, just months after the land in Southwestern Michigan was first offered for sale by the government, he and his family arrived in Detroit with a party of settlers from Vermont. They traveled with horses and oxen for two weeks--stringing out across the countryside, regrouping around the campfire each night, and starting off the next morning knowing only that they were going west. Finally they arrived at one of the small prairies near Richland where they would make their home. Little remembered that "we found the interior of Michigan, prairie, oak openings and timber in the primitive undisturbed condition of nature. Not a tree cut, not a furrow plowed; not a fence, bridge, or defined traveled roadway in any direction". He was eight at the time and soon settled down to pioneer farming.
Little was twenty-one when the harvest was finished in October, 1844. He left the farm then and established himself as a merchant, hoping to make a go of it in Grand Rapids with his Uncle Lovell Moore. Another pioneer Richland farmer, Rockwell May, gave his daughter, Cornelia, in marriage to Little in 1846. The Kalamazoo Public Museum preserves a sheaf of letters written by Cornelia in the late 1840's and early 1850's which testify to the strength of that marriage. Rockwell May sold his farm and stock in 1848 and opened with Frank Little a general store in Richland. Little soon became an established village merchant, learning to speak Indian dialects well enough to carry on trade with Chief Noonday's band and others who remained after the great Indian Removal. He held various township offices as well. In 1853, however, he took a trip to the East, returning for a time to the family home in St. Johnsbury, Vermont. He was looking for another position. In the fall of that year, he bought the house on South Street.
One day in October, he and his wife and two-year old daughter, Isabel, made the journey into Kalamazoo. Francis, a second daughter, was born in 1856. Isabel married a young merchant, John Weeks, and moved in the late 1870's to Yankton, South Dakota. Francis grew up on South Street, taught school. for a time, then married Clarence Dolson, a veterinary surgeon. They left for Iowa, but returned to live with the Littles again in the 1890's.
Public records give no clear picture of Little's financial situation. In 1855, Rockwell May removed to Kalamazoo and entered into the dry goods business on West Michigan near the Burdick House. Years later, after May's death, tax records showed that Little owned the building. Census-records indicate a modest estate for Little in these early years, though he left at his death between forty and fifty thousand dollars. Whatever his economic position, however, there was no doubt that Little felt that he must participate in the responsibilities of village citizenship. Speaking at a political rally in 1880, he called it the "high privilege of every thoughtful, intelligent citizen... to do his own thinking; to follow his own conscientious convictions, and to so live, that he shall in the largest degree fulfill his obligations to God and his fellow men". Little's fifty years in Kalamazoo were a testimony to that belief.
He is best-remembered as instrumental in converting Kalamazoo from a village to a city - change which he advocated in the Gazette for some years. In 1883, he served as secretary of a citizen's committee charged with writing the city charter and was responsible for the form which the charter and the bill to enact it finally took. His public service went back much further, however. In 1856, he was made Superintendent of the public schools; and in 1859, voters installed him as a member of the school board. He held the post of secretary to the board for the next thirteen years and the Public Library preserves in a bound volume, one hundred and seventy-eight pages of his handwritten minutes. In addition, he acted as the village librarian, presiding over a collection that grew in the 1860's to some three thousand volumes under the control of the school board. He entered the Civil War period a staunch Democrat, but served in 1862-63 as draft commissioner for the county and later as secretary of the State Sanitary Fair for the relief of the troops. He served four terms as village clerk as well, and in the early 1880's, was named to a term on the prestigious Sewer Commission.
Little strongly supported the cause of "Scientific agriculture". He acted as secretary of the Kalamazoo Agricultural Society for thirty years; for eleven years he served as first assistant secretary to the Michigan State Agricultural Society; he was instrumental in organizing a state-wide association of agricultural societies and served for seven years as secretary of that organization. He spent three decades as statistical crop reporter to Washington from the County, and presented among other things, a special report on celery-growing which became part of the Agriculture Departments annual report in 1886. Always active in Kalamazoo's annual county fairs, he opposed the midway atmosphere which marked many such fairs in the period after the Civil War, and steadily advocated the widest possible involvement of county farmers. He also participated in the establishment of the National Association of Grain Millers in 1874, and served for five years as secretary of that body, gaining recognition in that capacity even in England.
Little wrote logically and fluently on public subjects for most of his life. A close friend of editor Volney Haskel in the 1860's, he found ready acceptance in the Gazette, and during Haskell's absences from the city, Little filled in as editor. The Gazette backed the Democratic party, as did Little, and often reprinted his political speeches and general observations. He wrote for agricultural journals and other periodicals as well. The editors of Representative Men of Michigan declared in 1878 that "more clearly than most men, he sees things as they are". They went on to say, "he regards every subject with exactitude and precision. His logic is irresistible; his observation, minute and accurate; his methods are conscientious and exhaustive... His word passes unquestioned among all; and, in his business habits and social relations, his absolute rectitude is proverbial".
Along with his father, Henry Little, who retired to the village, Frank Little had a keen taste for local history. Both Frank and Cornelia Little prepared papers for the Pioneer Society which subsequently appeared in the Gazette or in the Michigan Pioneer Collection. Little was credited with authorship of one of the country histories so popular in the late nineteenth century in conjunction with David Fisher.
When Little passed away in November of 1903, the Gazette gave him a feature story suggesting that he was "one of the oldest, best-known and most highly respected citizens of Kalamazoo". His wife and his two daughters survived him, as did three grandchildren. City Directories continued to list his wife and younger daughter, Francis, at the same address until 1907, when Cornelia passed away at the age of eighty-two.
1853 shows I. Kellog
1861 shows F. Little
1873 shows F. Little
Israel Kellogg sold to Frank Little, September, 1853
1860-1907 have listings for Little family. Frank Little occupies house from Sept., 1853, to death, November 2, 1903, at age 80. Wife, Cornelia, lives on to death in 1907. The directories do not give occupation for Little.
1850--Oshtemo Twnshp--John Hogeboom, John, 40, b. NY; Maria, 18, b. NY; Pamela, 14, b. NY;
1860--Oshtemo Twnship--John Hogeboom, 50, Farmer, 2400 real, 840 pers., b. NY; Helen, 57, b NY: Maria, 26, b NY; NY; Helen, 40, Elizabeth., 10, b NY, Catherine, 88, b NY
1860--Wm. Tuttle, 43, Master Carpenter & Joiner, 2500 real, 1000 pers. b. Penn. James Tuttle, 43, b. NY; DeWitt, 19; Oscar, 17; Hosmer (girl), 14; Shelby & Ella, 8,twins
1860--did not discover Frank Little
1870--Frank Little, 47, City clerk, 6000 real, b Vermont, Cornelia, 44 b Mass; Isabella, 19; Francis, 14. (Cornelia bro. listed as Dwight May, State Attorney General; Rockwell May, Retired. March)
1880--Frank Little, 57, Sec. of State Agric. Soc., b. Vt., Cornelia 44, wife, b. Mass; Francis, daughter, 22, teacher, b. Mich., Isabel, 29, daughter, visiting, John R., 4, grandson, at home b. Michigan, Fleta, 2, granddaughter, at home, b. Dacotah 6
1850--Frank Little (Richland Twnshp), 27, Merchant, $500. b. Vt.; Cornelia 25, b. NY. Rockwell May (Cornelia's father, next door), 52, farmer, $1000, Celestia, 50, B. NY; Charles 19, b. NY
This report was converted from a typewritten document to a digital text document in September 2004. Other than punctuation and spelling corrections, and the addition of BOLD type site address and names, no changes were made. Minor formatting changes were made for use on this website, but the text was not altered. Original survey dated 1973.
Houses - Kalamazoo - South, W., 605