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Wireless Attacks and Defense. By: Dan Schade. April 9, 2006
- Melanie McCarthy
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1 Wireless Attacks and Defense By: Dan Schade April 9, 2006
2 Schade - 2 As more and more home and business users adapt wireless technologies because of their ease of use and affordability, these devices are coming under attack by the malicious who are after your data and by the casual user looking for free bandwidth. In this paper, I will explain how wireless attacks are done on Wired Equivalency Privacy (WEP) networks, other common network attacks and then present several options to defend wireless networks. History of Wireless Security Since the summer of 2001, WEP cracking has been a trivial but time consuming process. Scott Fluhrer, Itsik Mantin, and Adi Shamir identified a key scheduling attack, known as FMS attack, against therc4 algorithm that, when used with certain keys, renders the cipher vulnerable to key recovery. (Branch) A few tools that implement the Fluhrer-Mantin-Shamir (FMS) attack were released to the security community -- who until then were aware of the problems with WEP but did not have practical penetration testing tools. Although simple to use, these tools required a very large number of packets to be gathered before being able to crack a WEP key. On August 8th, 2004, a hacker named KoreK posted new WEP statistical cryptanalysis attack code to the NetStumbler forums. While it is still functional, it is not currently maintained, and the attacks have since seen better implementations in Aircrack and WepLab just to name a few. The KoreK attacks changed everything. No longer were millions of packets required to crack a WEP key. With the new attacks, the critical
3 Schade - 3 ingredient is the total number of unique IVs captured, and a key can often be cracked with hundreds of thousands of packets, rather than millions. So even though there is widespread deployment of wireless, why does it attract so much criticism? Arbaugh stated it best when he said First, there was the exponential adoption rate of the technology. Further, the security architecture did not define a threat model or security goals and was developed by a relatively closed standards body without public review or involvement of a security professional. (Arbaugh). Probing and Network Discovery Transmitting data through the air makes them susceptible to being captured and read by anyone with a receiver capable of listening in on the same frequency that the data is being transmitted. Wi-fi signals are easy to intercept and WEP security is fairly simple to crack given the right tools. Unfortunately, these tools are readily available and can be downloaded from numerous sites. WPA can be cracked using a brute force dictionary attack if the user uses a simple word or phrase as his key. Simply creating a 20+ word pass phrase interspersed with number or symbols will secure your network (at least for today). To demonstrate how easy it is for someone to break a WEP code, I did some research on the internet and downloaded a Linux Live CD. After playing with the software to become familiar with it for an hour or two, I was able to crack a WEP secured network in approx 40 minutes. For hardware I used a Hawkins Technology PCI wireless G card in my desktop. All of the software I used came from the User Edition of the Linux Live CD Backtrack
4 Schade - 4 beta version ( The first step in any attack is to gain information about the network that you want to access. I used the Airodump software to get a feel for what I had to work with. Using the command airodump ra0 out 0 yielded the result seen in Figure 1. Figure 1 Airodump Results As seen in Figure 1, I was able to pick up some level of signal from 16 networks. The ENC column shows the encryption for the various networks.
5 Schade - 5 I created a Pareto analysis of the data in Chart 1 which shows that 14.3% of the networks used WPA, 64.3% used WEP and the remaining 21% were completely open. Pareto Chart of Encryption Type Count Percent Encryption Type WEP Open WPA Count Percent Cum % Chart 1 Pareto Analysis of Encryption Types The Pegasus network, my network, was configured as WPA when I ran the scan, but after running the scan, I changed it to WEP so that I could run the attack on my own network rather than intruding on my neighbors. Airodump also gives you some other useful information and we will take note of it. The BSSID is the MAC address of the Access Point (AP) which we will need later on in our attack. Down towards the bottom there is a subsection that shows active user MAC addresses on the networks. This could be important if we find that the AP is using MAC filtering and have to spoof them.
6 Schade - 6 Surveillance After changing my router to 128-bit WEP and creating a key composed of random characters, I issued the following command, airodump ra0 out 6 to capture traffic from available networks that were on channel six. This just helps keep your file size to a minimum and you could leave it to option 0, all channels if you were so inclined. Since I had very little traffic on my network, most of it is hard wired, it would have taken a long time to capture enough data to successfully figure out what the key is using Aircrack. In Humphrey s article the feds stated that, the number of packets required for success with Aircrack varies greatly. As a rule of thumb, shoot for a minimum of 200,000 for a 64 bit key and 500,000 for a 128 bit key. (Humphrey) The packets to look for are called WEP Initialization Vectors (IV). So I dipped into the bag of tricks provided with the Backtrack distribution. This time I pull out Aireplay. This piece of software will inject data into the network which forces the AP to respond with encrypted packets. First you have to authenticate to the IP as seen below in Figure 2: # aireplay e Pegasus -a 00:14:BF:CF:C0:12 -h 0:1:2:3:4:5 ra0 11:14:06 Sending Authentication Request 11:14:06 Authentication successful 11:14:06 Sending Association Request 11:14:07 Association successful :-) Figure 2 Aireplay Authentication If MAC addressing filter is being used, you will not be able to authenticate to the AP using the bogus MAC ID of 0:1:2:3:4:5 that I used, but instead would have to monitor the network and capture a station MAC address and use that in lieu of the bogus MAC address. Not a huge hurdle to overcome, but this still helps you keep the casual wardriver off of your network.
7 Schade - 7 Once associated, you can use Aireplay to inject packets. Figure 3 shows what it looks like. Figure 3 Aireplay Packet Injection I let my system capture information for approximately 40 minutes. This was probably overkill on my part as you don t need as many IVs as I collected. In the 40 minute time I was injecting and capturing packets, I captured 1.4 million IVs. Next, I pulled out my last trick, the application Aircrack. Using the command aircrack -x -0 out-02.cap I received the results shown in Figure 4 after the program ran for 10 seconds. You can actually run Aircrack at the same time you are capturing packets, but I did them separately. Figure 4 Key Found! Once you have the key, you can authenticate either manually in Linux or using the wireless connection wizard in Windows.
8 Schade - 8 So a little bit of research, some free software, and a couple of hours of time and I was ready and able to crack a WEP secured network. You can use some of the same tools to attempt to find a WPA passphrase because it is not immune to being cracked, but all the tools out there currently require the use of a dictionary attack. Randomizing your pass phrase will significantly reduce the risks that your WPA network can be successfully cracked. Open networks or even WEP encrypted networks are much easier to gain access to. Using the tools contained on the Backtrack distribution and some time we could access fourteen of the sixteen networks within range of my wireless card fairly easily. Your best defense is to upgrade to WPA or WPA2 which uses AES. Just about all g routers, and some b, can be upgraded to support WPA by merely updating their firmware. Only two of the wireless networks that I picked up from my house were b so more than likely, all of these could have been upgraded at no cost to the user. For those that are stuck using WEP, it is still better than nothing. To defeat the casual wardriver, just having WEP is good because as we saw in my case, some people leave their networks wide open. So, enable WEP with a 128-bit key. Change the key every month or 90 days. Enabling MAC filtering is another step you can take, although it is easy to defeat. The next best thing you can do is to just shut it off when you are not using it. You can buy a cheap lamp timer from the store for $5 or so and set it to turn off every night. You can t be hacked if there is no signal. Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks Denial of service attacks can take place at the physical, data-link and network layer of the OSI model. For the physical layer, An adversary can simply disregard the medium access protocol and continually transmit on a wireless channel. By doing so, he
9 Schade - 9 either prevents users from being able to commence with legitimate MAC operations, or introduces packet collisions that force repeated backoffs, or even jams transmissions. (Xu) For people using 2.4Ghz routers, they are warned not to use cordless phones operating on the same frequency because the phone can cause interference on the router and vice versa. Unfortunately, many 2.4 GHz cordless phones that can be purchased in electronics stores have the capability to take an b network offline. While not a refined electronic weapon, these phones can interfere or completely disable a WLAN. (Anonymous). More elaborate forms would include creating a radio or using an amplifier that outputs significantly more wattage than a telephone transmitter and could effectively shut down a wireless network. Attacks on layer 2 can target either a host or network. Data link attacks disable the ability of hosts to access the local network. Most data link attacks are typically in the form of packet injection. In this type of attack the attacker will flood wireless clients who are already attached to the network with disassociate or de-authenticate packets. There are several tools available to send out de-authentication packets to include one called Void 11. A network layer DoS is accomplished my sending copious amounts of data to a network and attempts to overwhelm the capacity of the network. For example, if you are running a 10Mb/s network, an attacker could use multiple computers and send 100Mb/s of data. Since the network is not designed to carry this much traffic it will be forced to drop packets, both from legitimate users and from the attacker. The excessive traffic will also serve to cause a high load on the processors of the wireless access points. An
10 Schade - 10 example of such an attack would be for an attacker to send an ICMP flood (ping) to the gateway. Impersonation Impersonation attacks in a wireless network typically involve an attacker taking on the address of a valid client or AP and trying to obtain access or services typically reserved for those valid clients or APs. In a worst-case scenario, an impersonating AP could fool a client into connecting with it, and then obtain that client s authentication credentials. A defense against impersonation for wireless clients that have been authenticated and associated is by using software that monitors the sequence number field within the IEEE header. Usually when impersonation attacks are underway, the attacker will take on the MAC / IP address of the victim, but it will not be able to continue with the sequence number used previously by the victim, thus by monitoring the sequence number in these client generated packets, impersonators could potentially be identified. For business users, WPA/WPA2 deployment and encryption at higher levels in the protocol stack are necessary for critical applications. Business users should also deploy network sniffers in conjunction with an intrusion detection system which looks for various types of attacks to include the ones mentioned in this paper and have processes in place to deal with the attacks. In conclusion, wireless technologies have continued to evolve to the point that they are common place. These networks are susceptible to various types of attacks merely because they are transmitted through the air and cannot be physically secured. WEP attacks are easy to defeat by merely upgrading firmware in your router and using a
11 Schade - 11 strong pass phrase, although many users don t have the knowledge or desire to take these easy steps.
12 Schade - 12 Works Cited *Branch, Joel W. "Autonomic Wireless LAN Security Auditing." IEEE Security & Privacy. May/June 2004: *Arbaugh, William. "Wireless Security is Different." Computer. Volume 36, Issue 8, Aug. 2003: Humphrey, Cheaung. The Feds can own your WLAN too Tom s Networking. 3 April < o/>. *Xu, Wenyuan. The Feasibility of Launching and Detecting JammingAttacks in Wireless Networks 4 April < Anonymous Wireless Networks Risk Assessment Form 3 April < C>
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The Xerox Iridesse is taking the print world by storm. By combining revolutionary technologies, speed, and ease-of use, it's an incredible tool for designers and print professionals. Here are three ways you can use this digital press to enhance your prints.
Efficient productivity relies on effective document management, and this increasingly means making the jump from paper to digital. This entails more than just the medium on which data is recorded, though: digitizing your documents and paper trails encompasses everything from storage and sharing to printing and security and uses the latest in mobile and cloud technology.
When looking for a new digital press for your business, the market has a wide variety of options to choose from. Speed, image and color quality, stability, uptime, maintenance costs and more are important factors in printing, and emerging technologies can be hard to keep up with. As a small printing business owner, it helps to know what to expect from digital printing technology and what advantages it offers.
Predictions concerning the demise of the print industry have been floating around for the last several decades. Ongoing comments like "print is dead," and the utopian idea of the "paperless office" served to help solidify the notion that printers and copiers faced extinction in the minds of many of the Millennial Generation. While experience shows that the printed page is still irreplaceable for many business purposes, the following assumptions seem to persist.
All companies should care about sustainability, and a great way to achieve that is to invest in Energy Star-approved multifunction printers and other devices. When you see an Energy Star label, you know that product has blazed past industry standards.
Energy Star is a program started by the United States' Environment Protection Agency. The program is designed to help businesses reduce the amount of waste produced. To aid in this effort, some products carry an Energy Star label. The standards for earning the label vary by appliance.
Cybersecurity is one of the most critical issues facing organizations today. Some threats come from abroad when international hackers attempt to disable networks and disrupt service. Others are found closer to home, as local devices commonly plugged into the network become systemwide vulnerabilities. To stay in front of security threats, many companies now place a greater emphasis in copier, document and printer security.
Printers are essential for when documents actually need to be printed out. However, they are capable of much more in today's age. Without multifunction printers, business owners may fall behind the competition because they cannot take advantage of the following benefits.
Some smart printers can translate documents into whatever language you desire. This means if you need half of your pamphlets to be in English and half to be in Spanish, you can accomplish that.
Secure documents aren't particularly secure when they're left sitting in a printer tray in an open space, accessible by anyone. Not only do unsecured printing practices lead to potential breaches in internal and customer data, but they contribute to waste paper. So what is print on demand, and how can it increase your data security?
Print Only When Authorized
Technology is giving businesses the opportunity to save money, improve efficiency, and monitor more data. Managed print services allows you to integrate your printers and copiers into your network of smart devices. No longer just receivers, these devices let you examine your productivity whenever your employees scan, copy, and print documents.
Intelligent Tools
Digital packaging is soaring. It is expected that it will experience double-digit growth, making up almost half of retail print by 2018. Quality is a priority as packaging is a big part of the online consumer experience.

subset: commoncrawl


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Get your copy here today for only £3.99!
(You can also click on the image above)
I wish you every success in breeding your girl and helping her to whelp a beautiful, healthy litter of puppies. I hope the information in this book will help you along the way. Further to this, soon I will be publishing another book on how to care for and raise your perfect litter. The book will be set out day by day, from birth to the puppies leaving to their new homes, along with a daily checklist so it is easy to reference to the age of your puppies. The book will cover everything from health, feeding and toileting to stimulating your puppies minds, helping them to cope with stressful situations, socialisation and training them to offer good behaviours, plus so much more.


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Here at StuffLife, we welcome expansion. There's nothing wrong with making a happy family larger. In that vein, please welcome the newest members of my family.
Clearly my bearded dragons are fans of Escher.
I purchased these two beauties in San Jose over the weekend. Turns out that Debbie and Ron (Happy Birthday again) rescued a mated pair recently. Over the course of this summer, dad Rex and mom Pele had 146 children. My two came from batch four of six, hatched on July 20.
So, without further ado...
His name is Eisenhower. Of the Dwight D. variety. I had tossed around many ideas for naming my new pets. I decided against naming them as a duo in case something happened to one of them. However, I'll share with you some of the possibilities that had come to mind. Derek and Hansel (think Zoolander), Eddie and Alex Van Lizard (NOT Van Hagar), and Brady and Newton (the Wayne brothers).
I can't take all the credit for Ike's name, though. Thanks are in order for San Jose State University, their graduate program, and J.
Oh, and he's playing in the water because he is currently shedding.
His name is Liberace. Yes, THAT Liberace. Part of the reason that I got away from name duos is that I couldn't find a partner [sic] for Liberace. I couldn't use "Elvis" because then I would have to start wearing sequinned jumpsuits. I couldn't use "Elton John" because I was pretty sure I'd face too many questions about my sexuality. I couldn't use "Piano" because, well, that's just not a name for an exotic pet.
Anyways, Liberace is a great name. It's fun. It's memorable. Most of all, it's unique - like Sigourney or Charlize or Cher.
I need help.


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Space, Comfort and Safety. The ATY30 is the ideal boat for all types of rides by day at the sea, rivers and lakes, and short night rides.
The ATY30 is the boat with the best use of the internal space on its category. Passengers have all the comfort and convenience onboard this boat.
The ATY30 follows all the rules of design and construction of ABNT (Brazil), ABYC (USA) and CE (Europe); everything for your safety.
The hull of the ATY30 has been specially designed to achieve high speeds and face the most adverse sea conditions, while maintaining passenger comfort and low fuel consumption.
Length (LOA): 9,2 m (30 ft)
Beam: 2,8 m (9 ft 2 in)
Max Persons: 12 people
Fresh water tank: 90L (23.8 US gallons)
Fuel tank: 375L (99 US gallons)


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As an alumna of the School of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston ("Museum School"), I'm offering for sale some pieces in their annual Art Sale, which benefits students and programs. Sale open to the public this Thurs--Sat 11AM-7PM, Sun 11AM-5PM, with a reception Thursday night 5:30-8 PM (I'll be there).
Sales on all art are 50%--100% donated to the Museum School. You can browse the offered pieces on the SMFA Art Sale Artist Directory, including my own at https://tufts.force.com/ArtSaleVF/ArtistProfile?Id=003o00000100y70AAA


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Brown Chess Set On Wood Board
Chess is a game of war between two armies, one of sixteen white or brown pieces and one of sixteen black pieces, at the start arranged in two rows at opposite ends of the chessboard standing face to face. One chess piece can occupy only one space. In the front row of each side are the eight Pawns, followed in the back row by two Rooks at the ends; next to them the two Knights; then come the Bishops; and at the center the King and Queen, with the Queen on her own color. The chessboard consists of 64 squares, alternating in black and white, with a white square, by international standard, on the far right of the first row for both sides. The player who controls the white or brown pieces moves first.
This time we show you the brown chess set amount 16 pieces. Made from best quality of Teak wood and polish well in glossy brown. Those pieces are stand on wooden board that made from Teak wood also. Perfect for your chess collection because this set can used for outdoor game and very durable.
For more info, please visit www.giantchess.com
Diposkan oleh Outdoor Wooden Chess Sets di 2:54 PM
Label: Indoor amp; Outdoor Games
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This page uses content from Wikipedia and is licensed under CC BY-SA.
|Battle of Limonest
|Part of War of the Sixth Coalition
Austrian Empire
|Imperial France
|Commanders and leaders
|Prince Frederick of Hessen-Homburg
|Pierre Augereau
|Units involved
I Corps
II Corps
VI German Corps
|Army of the Rhône
|53,000, 112 guns
|23,000, 36 guns
|Casualties and losses
The Battle of Limonest (20 March 1814) saw 53,000 Austrian and Hessian troops led by Prince Frederick of Hessen-Homburg attack 23,000 French troops under Marshal Pierre Augereau. After some stiff fighting, the Allies forced the outnumbered French defenders to withdraw from a line of hills north of Lyon in this War of the Sixth Coalition action. Lyon, in 1814 the second largest city in France, was abandoned to the Allies as a direct result of the defeat.
While Napoleon faced the main Allied armies of Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher to the east of Paris, a secondary campaign was conducted near Lyon to the south. In January 1814 the Austrians easily captured large swaths of territory, but failed to seize Lyon. By mid-February, a reinforced Augereau managed to recapture some towns, posing a threat. Anxious for his supply line back to Germany, Schwarzenberg sent Prince Hessen-Homburg large forces to protect his southern flank. With greatly superior forces, Hessen-Homburg pressed the French back in a series of battles and captured Lyon.
Edgar, Rob (2010). "Battle of Limonest, 20th March 1814". The Napoleonic Wargamer.


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You should have checked with your Basis team for any performance issue
Did you take any of these steps?
Without knowing your system setup (i.e. custom indexes on tables), all we can do is to suggest you the basic steps you already should have done.
Also I trust you have not cloned MB5S ?


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Autumn Wreath
- Category:
- Decorations, Home, Homewares, Knitting
- Designer:
- Nicola Valiji
These hanging decorations aren't just for Christmas, you know! They work for all seasons and are a great way to showcase some of your favourite autumnal things, from colourful toadstools to adorable animals. The individual elements could also be used as stand-alone mini knits or embellishments for other projects.


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10 Amazing Things Your Android Phone Can Do
When it comes to buying a new smartphone with all new features in an affordable budget, the first option alwaysRead more
When it comes to buying a new smartphone with all new features in an affordable budget, the first option alwaysRead more
Android has always been an important part of our life since the day their launch. The importance of Android isRead more
Programming, or coding, is a vital skill that many people are learning today. With the expansion of technology and the increasingRead more
Is there anything trickier than choosing a great domain for your website? Domains can be worth a lot of money,Read more
You must have seen flooding pictures of people on Internet called selfies. Selfies has caught the trend recently. Everyone prefersRead more
20 years ago, the Internet hardly existed. 10 years ago, the idea of making money sounded ridiculous to most people.Read more
There are a lot of jerks around whose only job is to annoy and irritate other people. They want toRead more
Going out for further studies or for a job is becoming very common nowadays. Generally, at least one member ofRead more
The mobile app industry is a huge global entity, with the European sector alone expected to be worth in excessRead more
New devices of Microsoft include the new Surface Pro 4 and Surface Book, challenging Apple's dominance at the top endRead more


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In fact, rather than messing with coordinating band members that are flaky, I play all the instruments on my demo. A biography tells a story, so the details you include should be fascinating and give the reader a complete view of the history, background and musical life of the artist.
Simple and readable will always trump jargon and flowery language when it comes to your biography. John Chamberlain is best known for his twisting sculptures made from scrap metal and banged up, discarded automobile parts and other industrial detritus.
Bios also drive search engine optimization SEO.
Keep your limitations in mind to help choose the right information to include in your bio. Most of the people I knew and grew up with have yet to leave. These are relevant biographical facts to end the biography with.
Information about your educational background, work experience, broken marriage, prison term or dysfunctional childhood should be referenced only as it relates to the music. A finely crafted, knowledgeable bio will compel people to buy. Decide on a length for your biography.
When writing, some best practices are: Art-Historical Why is this artist important? Invert your pyramid Put the important facts first. Write Biography Write the first sentence outlining who you are, the name of the company or organization you currently work for, or your business name, and your area or areas of expertise.
Discuss any shifts in the artist's musical direction and include the reasons for this shift. End strong with any upcoming exhibitions, residencies, or projects. I have quite an education in music.
This will give you the best starting point as you begin to truly draft and write out your dance biography. Remember to keep your dance bio short. For more information, a copy of the new Doombuggy demo, their debut CD, or merely to chew the fat, contact: This is the best blend of melody, power, lyrics, and simple guitar punch I've heard in awhile.
This means you are evolving and maturing as an artist. It is only a cousin to the Rock music streaming out of my car windows and up and down the dirt roads of my teenage years. Do something like this instead: But, be sure not to overwhelm the reader with too much self-promotion - choose the best nuggets.
What are your goals for your dance career? I played it four times in the first two days after I received it. This CD gives one the sense of what music used to be: Despite this, clear prose remains a powerful sales and branding tool within the art world, and beyond.
But if you're an artist, you probably know how difficult it is to be objective about your music and career. We suggest taking your drafts to a friend with an excellent grasp of grammar and blessed with writing brilliance. Tip Always use your full name in the first sentence unless informal speech is acceptable for your work situation.
Use a serif font e. How much should I pay a professional to write my bio?An artist biography (bio) is a short paragraph about the artist, their artistic accomplishments and career achievements and it often contains a line about the key themes of the artist work.
Artists bios are not a replacement for an artist CV or an artist statement. I will write you a brilliant band or artist biography (I can write for non-music artists too). I will send you a questionnaire and with the answers I will produce something that is true to who you are as an artist and that will capture the imagination of whoever reads it.
My bio: Alexandra Franzen wants to live in a world where emails are short, love letters are brave and every "thank you" note is scribbled by hand.
Since you have not provided any details about how short is too short, I am going to assume that you need to write a simple one page introductional biography.
So, we have established how much we want to write, or in other words, how long the content is going to be.
Knowing how to write an autobiography of myself is the requirement for proficient biography composing has turned out to be more mainstream when contrasted with a few years back. A proficient biography that can be made to speak to you as an expert. He was the first Western artist whose biography was published while he was Michelangelo was not entirely pleased and arranged for his assistant Ascanio Condivi to write a brief separate book (); probably based on the artist's own spoken comments, this account shows him as he wished to appear.
After Michelangelo's death, Vasari in a.Download


text: en Factors affecting the quality of rice seeds produced in selected seed farms in Talavera, Nueva Ecija in the Philippines Ecology Original Research The study was conducted to describe the agricultural practices and determine the different factors that contribute to high-quality seeds of rice farmers in Talavera, Nueva Ecija. Five seed farms in the different barangays of Talavera with the corresponding seed producers were selected for the study. Laboratory analyses were conducted to determine the quality attributes of rice seeds. Collection of seed samples from each seed producer weighing a kilo were collected for the laboratory analysis. The data from the collected seed samples were analyzed in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and further analyzed using the STAR: Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research and International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Results of the study showed that the seed quality components of rice seed producers such as varietal purity, weed seed, inert matter, and other seed variety were found to be of high quality. The percentage germination and moisture content were found varied from one cultivator to another. However, such quality variations were within the seed standards set by the Bureau of Plant Industry. It is recommended that seed producers keep up the standard of rice seed quality for agricultural production towards profitability and sustainability Seed farms, Agriculture, Rice production, Seed quality, Seed producers 1384 1399 http://ecologyresearch.info/documents/EC0524.pdf Virginia Leandro No Agriculturist II, Local Government Unit of Talavera, Office of the Municipal Agriculturist Eric Claudio No Faculty, Environmental Science Department, Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, Cabanatuan City, Philippines Arneil Gabriel firstname.lastname@example.com Yes Faculty, Environmental Science and Public Administration Department, Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, Cabanatuan City, Philippines


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Leadership's Edge
Welcome to Leadership's Edge!
Right out of the gate, here's a serious question: Are you ready to become a change lover? We here at TruEdge are thrilled to introduce you to Leadership's Edge, our very first leadership and change blog. In the coming months we look forward to sharing and discussing a...read more


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Check out shop owner Betty Hoop!
Meet our sponsored troupe, Vibrant Visions Entertainment
Meet the Apogee Flow Toys founder and sponsored artists! Our sponsee's are people who are involved in the flow arts community, people who have turned their passion into a career, and people who inspire us to continue pushing ourselves to be better. Each of our sponsored hoopers has a unique discount code for our store and by using their codes you will not only be saving 10% on your purchase, but you will be helping them earn more gear.
Apogee Flow Toys
Copyright © Apogee Flow Toys. All rights reserved.


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Secret Agents Star Nine & Kendra James decompress after a mission. They sip water on the couch as Star teases Kendra with details regarding their next assignment. Kendra tells Star that she has something on her lip & offers to help get it off. They quickly slip into a playful game of spy vs. spy, removing their ties & unbuttoning their blouses to expose their lacy white bras & cleavage. The two spies secretly enjoy kissing each other's breasts as part of their little game.
Send your custom video request to star at starbondmedia dot com
You may also enjoy:
Undercover Peril
Ambien Dreams
16 minutesDOWNLOAD NOW
2019-03-01Exploited Maid
Star examines & instructs her new maid before settling down on the couch to keep an eye on her. She's not particularly pleased with Nyssa's uniform . . . too many pockets. Star's husband enters the room & she notices how Nyssa catches his eye. She decides to make a present of her. This is their thing.
Star creeps up behind Nyssa as she is fluffing the pillows. She clamps her hand over the maid's nose and mouth, knocking her out with chloroform. Nyssa's eyes flutter and roll back. Star strips the maid, playing with her large breasts & dressing her up in a proper french maid uniform. Nyssa wakes up halfway through, terrified, but Star quickly puts her right back out.
She leads her husband in to the living room, her hands over his eyes. Surprise! She knows exactly what he likes. He plays with the limp maid as she watches. The maid wakes with him over her but Star knocks her out once again. She spreads her legs and masturbates as he strips the maid, kneading her enormous tits. They lock eyes & she cums as he rubs the maid's cleanly shaved pussy.
Send your custom video request to star @ starbondmedia dot com
Includes sleep fetish, french maid uniform, limp fetish, double domination, masturbation
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Nurse Dixie
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2018-08-15Undercover Peril
Star Nine plays a sexy detective who goes undercover as a pilot to investigate notorious arms dealer, Lance Hart.
Unfortunately her intel was incorrect and the villain doesn't buy her cover story. She finds herself without backup and unable to escape as Lance gropes and interrogates her. Whenever she struggles she just gets knocked back out.
Send your custom video request to star @ starbondmedia dot com
Includes throat chops, chloroform, sleepy-spray, cradle carry, over shoulder carry, m/f groping, limp fetish, sleep fetish, lift & carry, damsel in distress
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Limp Physical
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2018-05-02Vasovagal Response
Star rushes into the living room calling out for her roommate Eve. She's accidentally cut her hand badly and needs assistance. Eve passes out at the sight of Star's wound. Star is shocked. She slaps Eve awake and convinces her to go get more towels for her to wrap her hand with. Eve manages to complete this task, but faints again while trying to help Star apply pressure. Obviously Eve is going to be no help at all, so Star calls for a paramedic.
When the medic arrives he rushes to Eve, figuring her for the patient. Star explains what's going on and he quickly fixes her hand with some surgical glue. Then he takes in the situation and decides to have a little fun, it's almost the end of his shift after all. With one roommate already unconscious it's easy for him to inject Star with a sedative while she stares in fascination at her hand. Star's eyes cross and flutter as she passes out. Eve begins to awaken and he tests out her Vasovagal response by waving the bloody paper towel in her face. As advertised, she faints yet again. This is going to be fun.
Send your custom video request to star at starbondmedia dot com
3x Medical KOs, Multiple Faintings, Lift & Carry, Limp Fetish, Creepy Villainous Molestation, Sleep Fetish
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2014-11-12Viewing The Voyeur
Spy on Star in her hotel room as she gets herself off to internet porn.
Send your custom video request to star at starbondmedia dot com
Voyeur, Solo Maturbation, Solo Female, Spying, Orgasms, Voyeurism
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Well, in two specific places at least! Within the span of only a few weeks in earlyStephanie experienced three embarrassing wardrobe malfunctions. Even the billion dollar princess was susceptible to such an incident, twice for that matter. That issue was the best-selling Playboy in over five years. The WWE was a weird place in the early s. If you already have an account please sign inotherwise register an account for free then sign the petition filling the fields below. In MayStephanie addressed the subject while speaking to world-renowned strength and conditioning coach Joe DeFranco on the Industrial Strength Show.
He then threw his soon-to-be ex-wife into the ring.
I would say let the boobies hit the floor! Along with that, she was flirtatious with the Superstars while rocking some edgy outfits that either were very short looking or featured some serious cleavage. Ironic that Stephanie would eventually step down and be written off television to marry Paul and later, give birth to three daughters. As we stated, Stephanie would go on to win the match. Website for moms seeking advice, community, and entertainment.


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Markus Asraelius
January 20th, 2007
This was a name given to me in High School. :)
It's purposely mis-spelled.
I know how great I am
And how much better I could be.
I've got a sexy body
With the most beautiful blue eyes.
I'm an incredibly complex being
With an I.Q. of 138.
I have a craving for intellectualism
And I despise narrow-minded people.
And, most of all I have a big heart,
That runs deep in most of my decisions.
My heart is what separates me from most
And my mind is what puts me above the rest.
I know how great I am
And I'll decide how much better I'll be.
I have finally realized my true potential
And now, no one is going to stop me.
I won't look down on myself
When I think about my circumstances.
I won't live in fear and
Let it control everything I do.
I won't let the hate preserve
And allow it come between our relationship again.
I won't stop to take a break
Because there's just too much to do today.
Oh when I go into work,
They can always count on me
To get the job done on time.
I always show up and
Work my ass off
Until the task is complete
And or until my hands are bleeding.
My heart is what separates me from most
But my mind is what puts me ahead of the best.
Finally, I know how great I am
And how far I will go.
I have finally realized my true potential
And now, no one can stop me.
I am great, I am powerful.
I am complex, I am driven.
But, most of all,
I'm Markus Asraelius.


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The route to DevOps simplicity
The greatest piece of engineering man has ever achieved is the humble bicycle. A controversial statement, perhaps. But bear with me…
As simple as possible
The greatest piece of engineering man has ever achieved is the humble bicycle. A controversial statement, perhaps. But bear with me…
This week I'd been fighting with a Chef install to do something relatively simple. Bogged down in a rats nest of complexity (extra Ruby scripts referencing Chef environment files, etc etc), I decided to see if there was a easier way.
I've spent my entire IT career automating. To me, the point of technology is to make life easier, so I tend to look for any way I can to make computers do 'the heavy lifting'.
Here's how to get Amazon S3 bucket logs into Splunk, and then pull out the useful fields.
Many articles have been written about this topic, yet none of them seem to fulfill the basic premise I wanted: get it working.
I've tended to use Perl::Critic for keeping my Perl in some semblence of a readable state for a while now. And since I started using newer Perls, I've also used Modern::Perl instead of 'use strict; use warnings; use feature..'
I recommend Splunk a lot. I've been using it since about 2007, in varying degrees of complexity.
I wrote a short while ago about using iPXE with a URL to help booting multiple versions of Linux. In that post I mentioned that I used a simple CGI to feed back the required kernel and initrd, plus a template kickstart file. As rough as it stands today, a question prompted me to publish the helper I use. So here you go, my Perl Mojolicious helper, Bacio.
Although kickstarting Linux is pretty simple, it can be frustrating if you're trying to build different versions.
Lots and lots of solutions for this one out there in Google land, but it turned out to be much simpler…


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The Psychology of the Fireplace
Why do we love the sights and sounds of a fireplace? I'm an educated person, so what do I do when I have a question? Google it, of course! It turns out, there might be some evolutionary reasons why we enjoy sitting around a crackling fire. Fire in addition to shelter and food is one of the basic needs that early people needed for survival.
I read a great article on Huffpost that explained the psychology behind why we like fireplaces. There was actually a research study that revealed that it actually lowered peoples' blood pressure. Amazing! Not just that it lowers your blood pressure, but that there was an actual scientific study on it.
First Cold Front of the Season
Our first cool breeze that gets us down in the 50's made me miss our fireplace in our sticks and bricks home. I'm not one that discourages easily, much to my husband's annoyance. I think my husband would love to cut me off from having internet access. When I get an idea and start Googling, he knows it probably means work for him. My favorite Google terms are "how to" and "diy". I started by informing him how efficient it would be to have a fireplace and how much it would save on propane costs. Then I showed him a picture I found online and he was sold!
Fireplace Mod Phase One
The first thing I read online was in a forum thread that was informative and funny. You guys got to go check it out! Obviously, the people on the forum know each other and the conversation gets really funny about this fireplace mod. Of course, I had to go to Amazon and search "fireplace inserts" and get my trusty measuring tape out to measure my space and compare it to the specifications listed online. When the measuring tape comes out, my dear hubby knows he is in trouble. I used my favorite search term, "how to", and found a wonderful article that walks you through the process of installing a fireplace.
Fireplace Mod Phase Two
Now I'm on the search for the perfect fireplace. Things I want in a fireplace: heater, remote, and the sounds of a crackling fire. I don't ask for much. It makes me laugh to think about if prehistoric people had Amazon and the items that would be listed: "T-Rex Terminator Gun" and Prime shipping of course! LOL! Needless to say, I feel fortunate to live in this era!
Fireplace Mod Phase Three
To be continued . . . .
Rest assured, I will have a fireplace before winter is over. I will post before and after pics! I already have visions of drinking hot cocoa while watching the beautiful fireplace flickering, feeling the warmth, and hearing the snap, crackle, and pop of the electric fire. My blood pressure just dropped as I was typing that!


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Tales from `The Grubby End': It took four attempts to start the town of Newberg
A series of individuals attempted to literally put Newberg on the map
Parts of this column have appeared before. This time, lets add some new elements to the previous ones and answer the following question: How did we evolve from a collection of farmsteads to a town?
The evidence suggests there were four attempts, with the final one serving as the impetus to produce the Newberg we see today.
Our story begins at nearby Rogers Landing on the Willamette River, named for Joseph Berry Rogers, who came to the Grubby End in 1845.
An earlier version of a landing was already operating, owned by a French-Canadian known as Michel Placide (later Laferte). This was Placides Landing.
Placide sold his holdings to Rogers sometime around 1847. The new owner soon became interested in platting a town. He asked his neighbor, an Englishman named Sam Snowden, to do the work.
Rogers and Snowden chose the name Chehalem. Informally, some called it Chehalem City.
The plat was finished on Feb. 19, 1848. It was filed at Oregon City on June 13.
In addition to operating a ferry, Rogers added a store. Together, they gave the place a more permanent feel. The store was Newbergs first business.
Rogers death in 1855 put an end to his dream, but wife Letitia kept things going until her passing in 1857. The idea of a town also died.
In 1869, another event took place which didnt result in a town, but did offer a new name for this section of east Yamhill County.
At his farm where Providence Newberg Medical Center is today, Sebastian Brutscher operated a post office. He chose Newberg for the location, in honor of his hometown in Neuburg, Bavaria.
Hold on to this name because it will show up again in about a dozen years.
We now go a few miles west.
At the location which now sports a Walgreens, where Villa Road intersects with Highway 99W, there seems to have been another attempt to start something.
By 1878, Jacob Haynes Jr. and his wife Sarah were operating a small store in the vicinity. A blacksmith shop operated next door and there were several homesteads. The first Quaker church or meeting house in Newberg was just southwest of the store.
A church, a store, a blacksmith shop, homesteads: the beginnings of a town?
The first attempt to plat a town called Newberg came in 1881. Responsible were two enterprising young Quaker couples: William and Sarah Ruddick and David and Maggie Wood.
The four purchased five acres from Elijah Hutchens for $125, property which had been part of the J.H. Hess Donation Land Claim.
They hired county surveyor H.S. Maloney to do the map. On Feb. 24, 1881, he did so, calling the new community by the name Sebastian Brutscher had given his post office in 1869.
Maloneys vision was bounded by Illinois Street (now West Illinois) on the north, the railroad tracks on the south, Morton Street to the west and Main (now North Main) to the east.
So what happened?
A railroad connecting Dundee to Portland, scheduled for completion in the early 1880s, didnt materialize until 1887.
By this time, interest among investors had vanished, including one of the most historic figures in Newbergs history, Jesse Edwards, who had bought several lots from Ruddick-Wood.
Edwards was a man of action. Even before letting go of his property, he was busy putting in motion his own idea for a town.
In 1883, Edwards and his wife Mary hired J.C. Cooper to plat a town site, the first of three they would devise to eventually encompass everything all the way south to the river.
Of these, the 1883 plat is the most important because it is the one that would eventually become the heart of our First Street business district. It is also the one that gives Edwards his moniker, Father of Newberg.
The plat was officially registered with the county on Sept. 15, 1883.
It was located several blocks east, west and south of the Center Street we know today.
A photo of Newberg taken in the 1887, housed in the George Fox University Archives, shows a concentration of wooden buildings along both sides of this early and important street, right square in the center of an emerging town.
Also here, Edwards helped establish The Bank of Newberg in 1886, the towns first, on the east side of Center Street between First and Second streets.
With the arrival of the trains in 1887, the neighborhood along Main Street finally saw a surge of growth that would eventually spawn two hotels, a train depot, drug and furniture stores, a tobacco shop and other small businesses.
However, it was all to the south of the railroad tracks, not north, where the Ruddick-Wood team had dreamed of a town.
Now there were two Newbergs.
During the decade of the 1890s, a rivalry developed, with Main Street holding an early lead, only to be surpassed by First Street at the turn of the century to a position it never relinquished.
In a very real sense, Newberg came about as a result of the growth between the two rivals welding together to form a single town.
But Jesse Edwards made it happen.