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Analysis of naturally occurring mutations in the human lipodystrophy protein seipin reveals multiple potential pathogenic mechanisms
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In humans, disruption of the gene BSCL2, encoding the protein seipin, causes congenital generalised lipodystrophy (CGL) with severe insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. While the causative gene has been known for over a decade, the molecular functions of seipin are only now being uncovered. Most pathogenic mutations in BSCL2 represent substantial disruptions including significant deletions and frameshifts. However, several more subtle mutations have been reported that cause premature stop codons or single amino acid substitutions. Here we have examined these mutant forms of seipin to gain insight into how they may cause CGL.
We generated constructs expressing mutant seipin proteins and determined their expression and localisation. We also assessed their capacity to recruit the key adipogenic phosphatidic acid phosphatase lipin 1, a recently identified molecular role of seipin in developing adipocytes. Finally, we used atomic force microscopy to define the oligomeric structure of seipin and to determine whether this is affected by the mutations.
We show that the R275X mutant of seipin is not expressed in pre-adipocytes. While the other premature stop mutant forms fail to bind lipin 1 appropriately, the point mutants T78A, L91P and A212P all retain this capacity. We demonstrate that wild-type human seipin forms oligomers of 12 subunits in a circular configuration but that the L91P and A212P mutants of seipin do not.
Our study represents the most comprehensive analysis so far of mutants of seipin causing lipodystrophy and reveals several different molecular mechanisms by which these mutations may cause disease.
KeywordsAdipogenesis Adipose tissue BSCL2 Lipin Lipodystrophy Seipin
Atomic force microscopy
Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy
Congenital generalised lipodystrophy
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lipid droplet
Phosphatidic acid
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
Mutations in the gene BSCL2 cause Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2), the most severe form of lipodystrophy. Affected individuals almost completely lack adipose tissue [1, 2] and typically suffer from severe insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and muscular hypertrophy [2, 3, 4]. BSCL2 encodes the protein seipin, which can be either 398 or 462 amino acids long as a result of an alternative start codon that leads to the addition of a 64 amino acid extension to the N-terminus, thereby generating the longer form. The seipin protein has two transmembrane domains and resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, with both termini in the cytoplasm [5, 6].
Studies in yeast and non-adipose cells have suggested that seipin may affect lipid droplet (LD) size, morphology and inheritance, although the molecular mechanism underlying these phenomena remains unclear. Yeast cells lacking fld1p (fldΔ1), the orthologue of seipin, form irregular LDs with proliferation of the ER and impaired lipolysis [7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. The fldΔ1 cells also show alterations in phospholipid composition and in levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) [8, 9]. Failure to identify any seipin-interacting proteins in yeast has led to speculation about a structural role for seipin in the budding of LDs from the ER membrane [7].
Seipin has been shown to play an essential cell-autonomous role in adipogenesis [12, 13]. A lack of seipin causes failure to sustain the expression of key adipogenic factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), which may explain the significantly reduced expression of adipogenic genes [12, 13]. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking seipin undergo unrestrained lipolysis at a relatively early stage of adipogenesis, causing the loss of lipid initially stored in these cells and loss of adipogenic gene expression [14]. This observation provided the first indications as to how the lack of seipin may contribute to failure of adipogenesis; however, the molecular details of this phenomenon remain uncertain. Recently, we demonstrated that seipin can bind the PA phosphatase lipin 1, which itself is required for adipogenesis and adipose tissue development in mice [15, 16, 17, 18]. Seipin knockdown increases levels of the lipin 1 substrate PA and decreases the association of lipin 1 with the ER membrane in differentiating adipocytes [17]. Lipin 1 binding requires the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of seipin [17], which Yang and colleagues have shown is critical for the adipogenic function of the protein [19]. In contrast, the LD modifying function of seipin appears to be mediated by a conserved core seipin sequence present in the yeast orthologue, which lacks this cytoplasmic domain [8, 10, 19].
Previously published studies regarding mutations in seipin that cause congenital generalised lipodystrophy (CGL) have focused mainly on the A212P mutant form of seipin [13, 20]. Here, we perform a more comprehensive analysis of the effects of several mutations in seipin that cause lipodystrophy. We have examined four point mutations that result in premature truncation of the seipin protein when translated (E113X, R138X, R275X, Q391X) and three point mutations that cause single amino acid substitutions (T78A, L91P, A212P) [2, 3, 21]. Our data indicate that several pathogenic mechanisms may underlie the failure of adipocyte development in BSCL2 patients carrying these mutations.
Constructs to express haemagglutinin (HA)-tagged lipin 1β, Myc- and FLAG-tagged long forms of seipin were as previously described [5, 13, 17, 22]. All Myc- and FLAG-tagged seipin mutants were generated from wild-type constructs using the QuikChange II Site-Directed Mutagenesis kit (Agilent Technologies, Wokingham, UK) and appropriate changes were confirmed by sequencing.
Cell culture
Human HEK293 and murine C3H10T1/2 cells were routinely cultured, and C3H10T1/2 cells were differentiated, as previously described [13, 17]. Confluent C3H10T1/2 cells were transiently transfected using Lipofectamine LTX (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK) and immediately induced to differentiate. Cells were lysed 48 h later. HEK293 cells were cultured in DMEM (Sigma, Dorset, UK) containing 10% (vol./vol.) FBS and transiently transfected using Fugene6 Transfection Reagent (Promega, Southampton, UK). HEK293 cells were harvested 48 h after transfection. For atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments tsA 201 cells, a sub-clone of HEK293 cells stably expressing the SV40 large T antigen, were grown in DMEM supplemented with 10% (vol./vol.) FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin in an atmosphere of 5% CO2/air. Transfection was carried out using calcium phosphate precipitation. A total of 250 μg of DNA was used to transfect cells in 5 × 162 cm2 culture flasks and cells were harvested 48 h later.
Immunoprecipitations and immunoblotting
Cells were lysed in 50 mmol/l Tris, pH 7.4, 150 mmol/l NaCl, 1 mmol/l EDTA containing 50 mmol/l n-octyl-β-d-glucopyranoside and protease inhibitors (Complete EDTA free; Roche, Burgess Hill, UK). Samples were sonicated, and centrifuged at 16,000 g for 10 min at 4°C. Supernatant fractions containing 1 mg of protein were incubated with anti-FLAG antibody conjugated to agarose beads (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA) for 2 h at 4°C. Immunoprecipitated samples were eluted using triple-FLAG peptide (Sigma). Samples were separated by SDS-PAGE, and immunoblotted using antibodies to Myc (clone 4A6; Millipore, Watford, UK), FLAG (Sigma), HA (Y-11, Santa Cruz), lipin 1 (generously provided by Symeon Siniossoglou, CIMR, Cambridge, UK) or calnexin (Abcam, Cambridge, UK). Following incubation with horseradish peroxidase-linked secondary antibodies, bands were visualised by enhanced chemi-luminescence (ECL). All immunoblots are representative of at least three independent experiments. Blots were quantified using ImageJ 1.45 s (http://imagej.nih.gov/ij).
Cells were grown and transfected on glass coverslips and then fixed, permeabilised, blocked and probed with antibodies as previously described [17, 23]. Antibodies used were as described for immunoblotting. Highly cross-adsorbed Alexa Fluor anti-mouse 488 or anti-rabbit 594 secondary antibodies were used for detection (Invitrogen). Coverslips were mounted with Prolong Gold antifade reagent with DAPI (Invitrogen) and analysed on a Carl Zeiss LSM510 META Confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss, Cambridge, UK). Fluorescence from 405 nm excitation of DAPI was collected through a 420–480 nm bandpass filter; 488 nm excitation emission was collected through a 505–575 nm bandpass filter, and emission from 594 nm through a long-pass 615 nm filter. Images were recorded and analysed using Zeiss ZEN software with a 63x objective.
RNA extraction and real-time quantitative PCR
Total RNA was extracted using RNeasy kits (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), following the manufacturer's instructions. cDNA was synthesised, and real-time PCR was performed with Taqman or Sybr Green reagents (ABI, Paisley, UK) as previously described [23].
AFM imaging
Wild-type and mutant seipin constructs were expressed in tsA 201 cells. Transfected cells were solubilised in 1% Triton X-100 for 1 h, centrifuged at 61,740 g to remove insoluble material and then incubated with anti-FLAG-agarose beads for 3 h. Proteins were eluted with triple-FLAG peptide (0.15 mg/ml). All purification steps were carried out at 4°C.
Isolated proteins were imaged either alone or following overnight incubation with anti-Myc, anti-HA or anti-V5 antibodies. Various dilutions of each protein sample were made, and 45 μl of each sample was allowed to adsorb onto freshly cleaved mica disks. After a 5 min incubation, the sample was washed with Biotechnology Performance Certified-grade water (Sigma) and dried in a stream of nitrogen gas. Imaging was performed with a Veeco Digital Instruments Multimode atomic force microscope controlled by a Nanoscope IIIa controller (Veeco, Cambridge, UK). Samples were imaged in air, using tapping mode. The silicon cantilevers used had a drive frequency of ∼300 kHz and a specified spring constant of 40 N/m (Olympus, Southend, UK). The applied imaging force was kept as low as possible (AS/A0 ∼0.85). Disks with approximately equal protein densities for the various constructs were chosen for subsequent analysis.
Data were separated into appropriate bin widths and histograms plotted. Gaussian curves were fitted and the mean value of the peaks calculated.
The R275X mutation in seipin, but not other premature stop mutations, leads to a lack of protein expression in pre-adipocytes
To examine expression in a more relevant pre-adipocyte cell line the above constructs were expressed in C3H10T1/2 cells. Consistent with our previous studies using an artificially truncated version of the short form of human seipin [13], we were unable to detect the R275X mutant seipin protein (Fig. 1b). However, the other three premature stop seipin mutants tested were robustly expressed. Quantified data are shown in Fig. 1c. We observed a doublet for E113X when expressed in C3H10T1/2 cells and suspect that the lower band represents the monomer and the upper a partially denatured form of the protein as the samples were not heated before separation on SDS-PAGE. Real-time PCR analysis revealed equivalent expression of mRNA encoding wild-type or mutant forms of seipin, confirming that the inability to detect the R275X seipin did not result from altered levels of mRNA expression (Fig. 1d). Despite the high sequence similarity between murine and human seipin we observed no signal in mock-transfected cells (m, Fig. 1d), demonstrating that this assay did not detect endogenous murine Bscl2 mRNA.
When analysed by confocal microscopy, wild-type seipin showed the typical reticular distribution and co-localisation with calnexin, consistent with the previously reported ER localisation (Fig. 1e) [5, 13, 20]. Although very few cells transfected with the R275X mutant seipin showed any staining for the protein, in occasional cells showing weak expression the R275X seipin co-localised with the ER marker calnexin, as did the other premature stop mutants examined.
The T78A, L91P and A212P mutations do not dramatically affect seipin protein expression, but L91P and A212P seipin show altered localisation
We and others have previously observed that A212P seipin can display an altered localisation, giving a characteristic ring of fluorescence around the nucleus [13, 20]. As shown in Fig. 2e, we again observed this partial mislocalisation of A212P seipin. A similar effect was observed with L91P seipin. This partial redistribution of L91P and A212P seipin was observed in all cells expressing these constructs whether subconfluent pre-adipocytes (Fig. 2e) or post-confluent cells induced to differentiate for 48 h (electronic supplementary material [ESM] Fig. 1). In contrast, the subcellular distribution of T78A seipin appeared to be identical to that of wild-type seipin.
The T78A, L91P and A212P mutations do not affect the capacity of seipin to bind lipin 1
L91P and A212P forms of seipin display altered complex formation
When isolated from transfected tsA 201 cells, the epitope-tagged wild-type seipin and the T78A, A212P and L91P mutants all migrated on polyacrylamide gels at an apparent molecular mass of 80 kDa (data not shown). According to Equation 2, the expected molecular volume for a protein of this size is 152 nm3. It has been shown previously that after solubilisation in Triton X-100, as here, the apparent molecular mass of the seipin complex increases by about 28% because of the presence of bound detergent; this would increase the expected monomer size to 194 nm3. Dividing the observed molecular volume (2,394 nm3 for wild-type seipin) by 194 nm3 gives a value of ∼12, suggesting that wild-type seipin assembles as a dodecamer. According to this analysis, the T78A mutant would also be dodecameric, whereas the A212P and L91P mutants are on average about one-third of this size.
Wild-type seipin and T78A seipin form ordered dodecamers
We measured the angles between the anti-Myc antibodies bound to the seipin complexes. This was done by joining the highest point on the central particle (the seipin complex) to the highest points on the peripheral particles (the antibodies) by lines and then determining the angle between the two lines. A frequency distribution of the angles between pairs of antibodies bound to wild-type seipin had several peaks at multiples of 30° (Fig. 5e), consistent with the above suggestion, based on molecular volume, that seipin assembles as a dodecamer. The observed angle profile also suggests that the dodecamer has a circular structure, which becomes decorated around the rim. The repeating 30° separation between bound antibodies excludes a spherical subunit arrangement, which would give a much more confused angle distribution. The same profile of angle peaks was seen with the T78A seipin mutant (Fig. 5f), indicating that it too assembles as a circular dodecamer.
Pathogenic mutations in BSCL2, causing severe generalised lipodystrophy, were first reported by Magre and colleagues in 2001 [2]. However, information about the molecular functions of its protein product seipin is only now emerging. In the absence of information regarding its defined functions or structure it has been difficult to uncover how pathogenic mutations in the protein might disrupt the normal function of seipin and cause disease.
We have confirmed that the R275X mutant of seipin appears to be very unstable, in this case using the long translation of the protein bearing the mutation as a single base pair change in the full coding sequence. Once again our data imply that individuals carrying this mutation will be unable to generate even a truncated seipin protein. Our data indicate that this dramatic instability does not occur with any of the other premature stop mutations or missense mutations examined in this study. However, we did observe modest decreases in the expression of the L91P and A212P seipin and acknowledge that such subtle alterations in the stability of these or other mutant seipin proteins might yet prove relevant in vivo. All of the premature stop mutants of seipin examined localise appropriately to the ER membrane in pre-adipocytes. Overall, the current data suggest that the failure to bind lipin 1 appropriately, which we reported in our previous study, offers a plausible pathogenic mechanism for these more stable truncated forms of seipin [17]. In contrast, the missense point mutations of seipin tested here all retain the capacity to bind lipin 1, which we observed for wild-type seipin, suggesting that in itself this is unlikely to explain the inability of these mutants to support adipocyte development in vivo.
Our experiments using AFM reveal that human seipin forms homo-oligomers reminiscent of those reported for the yeast Fld1p. However, instead of the nine subunits seen with the yeast seipin orthologue we find that the human protein assembles into 12-subunit structures. Binns et al postulated that yeast seipin might be structurally involved in the budding or organisation of LDs at the ER [7]. Our work identifying the interaction of seipin with lipin 1 and ongoing studies of other seipin-interacting proteins suggest to us that this oligomeric structure could also be essential for the correct juxtaposition of seipin-associated proteins with each other and/or their substrates. The failure of L91P and A212P seipin to oligomerise evidently could affect either of these potential functions. Hence, the failure to assemble appropriately appears likely to represent a key pathogenic mechanism for L91P and A212P seipin. Fei and colleagues recently demonstrated that A212P seipin does not inhibit triacylglycerol accumulation in oleate-loaded cells as efficiently as wild-type seipin [20]. They also showed that wild-type seipin can co-precipitate other seipin molecules including A212P seipin. These results are consistent with our AFM data showing that human seipin forms oligomers, although it is not clear whether these hybrid complexes of wild-type and A212P seipin form dodecameric structures as does the wild-type seipin alone. If so, this could partly explain why heterozygous carriers of the A212P mutation exhibit no discernible phenotype [2, 4]. A recent study has also reported that A212P might act as a dominant negative inhibitor of adipogenesis if overexpressed [27]. We speculate that this could result from the failure to appropriately form dodecamers when the stoichiometry is shifted to a higher ratio of A212P to wild-type seipin. Evidently AFM offers a means to investigate these possibilities further.
It has been suggested that the G228P mutant of yeast seipin is unstable and that this may result from altered oligomerisation [7]. In our study A212P seipin was expressed robustly although we did observe modestly reduced expression of this and the L91P mutant compared with wild-type seipin [13]. In addition L91P seipin displayed altered mobility on SDS-PAGE. While the reason for this is not clear this could reflect altered glycosylation given the proximity to the known glycosylation site at N88. Overall the data imply that altered oligomerisation could be associated with modestly reduced stability and partially altered localisation for both these mutants.
Finally, it is notable that the T78A seipin protein was indistinguishable from wild-type in any of the aspects of seipin stability, structure or function tested. This observation implies that at least one further molecular mechanism exists that accounts for the inability of individuals carrying this mutation to develop functional adipose tissue. Further information regarding the molecular functions of seipin, perhaps including its interaction with additional binding proteins, may shed light on the specific defect caused by the T78A mutation.
Overall, the results of this study suggest at least four potential mechanisms by which different pathogenic mutations in seipin may lead to a loss of functional protein resulting in failed adipogenesis and ultimately lipodystrophy in affected individuals: (1) decreased protein stability and consequent lack of functional protein (R275X); (2) reduced ability to bind lipin 1 and target this key adipogenic enzyme appropriately to the ER (E113X, R138X, Q391X); (3) failure to oligomerise appropriately and localise exclusively to the ER membrane (L91P and A212P); (4) an as-yet undetermined additional mechanism (T78A). The existence of multiple molecular mechanisms underlying the development of disease due to mutations in only one protein is not unusual. In this regard we note the parallel with partial lipodystrophies caused by mutations in PPARγ, where different mutations can render PPARγ unable to bind DNA appropriately, to become activated by ligands and to associate with co-activators or dissociate from co-repressors [28].
We believe that this study represents the most comprehensive analysis of pathogenic mutations in seipin performed so far and reveals significant new information regarding both the oligomeric structure of wild-type human seipin and the potential molecular mechanisms by which different pathogenic mutations may cause severe lipodystrophy.
This work was supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC) (New Investigator Research Grant number GO800203 [to JJR], Program Grant number G09000554 [to SOR]), the Wellcome Trust (grant number 078986/Z/06/Z [to SOR] and grant number 089125/Z/09/Z [to JME]), the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR) (to MFMS), the MRC Centre for Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders (MRC-CORD) (grant number GO600717) and the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre (grant number CG50826), and a Merit Scholarship from the Islamic Development Bank (to MMUT).
Access to research materials
Where possible, reagents such as novel constructs or cell lines used in this study will be made available by the corresponding author on request. Where reagents originate from other laboratories, details of appropriate contacts will be provided to obtain these materials directly or for consent to be requested so that they may be supplied by us.
Duality of interest
The authors declare that there is no duality of interest associated with the manuscript.
Contribution statement
MFMS, MMUT and RJD performed experiments, analysed data and aided in drafting the manuscript. SOR contributed to data interpretation and manuscript drafting. JME was involved in study design, data interpretation and preparing the manuscript. JJR was responsible for the conception of the study, experimental design, interpretation and preparing the manuscript. All authors approved the submitted version of the manuscript.
Supplementary material
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Further reading edit De La Torre, Miguel., Doing Christian Ethics from the Margins, Orbis Books, 2004.
Reports differ with one claiming that 60 of the abuse against street prostitutes is perpetrated by clients, 20 by police, and 20 occurs in domestic relationships.With virtually one voice the churches have declared that the Bible is an authority for moral discernment and judgment.We are too afraid of sex, too tolerant of guns and violence.Create an account to enable off-campus access through your institution's proxy server."Pharmacogenomics, Ethics, and Public Policy.
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Further, not all members of a denomination necessarily support their church's views on homosexuality.


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Located in NW Arkansas, we breed only quality European German Shepherds. Hillside Haus German Shepherds are bred for their reliable temperaments and intelligence. We produce a dog that is beautiful , yet serves as a strong companion, protector, and working dog. We Specialize in German Shepherds that work for families providing companionship and protection.
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Building a Community of Advocates By Showing Your Humanity: How Being a Gamer Helps Developers
Each of us got into or wants to make video games because we love them. We don't stop playing them once we start making them, yet why don't we always show that to our communities? This talk will show how Obsidian Entertainment has built a community of advocates for their games around being human and forthcoming with their communities about what they're doing with their current projects, as well as how they engage their community on a personal level. Featuring Mikey Dowling, the PR manager for Obsidian


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When Rick Thomas steps onto the Suncoast showroom's stage this weekend, longtime fans of the veteran Las Vegas magician will see much of what they'd expect to see at a Rick Thomas show.
Well-performed illusions. Graceful moves informed by Thomas' background as a competitive ballroom dancer. Thomas' own amiable personality.
But it might take audiences a bit of time to realize what they're not seeing.
Namely: tigers, which have been part of Thomas' magic shows for about two decades.
Thomas' tigers – he has six – are doing just fine, enjoying a carefree retirement at an Arizona animal preserve.
And, tigers or not, Thomas is looking forward to a homecoming show of sorts in Las Vegas, where his resume over the past 15 years includes headlining stints at resorts such as the Tropicana Las Vegas and the Stardust.
Not that Thomas hasn't been keeping busy. "I just finished an extensive tour of Asia," he says. "It was seven months long, and in Asia my popularity is pretty big."
He laughs. "In Japan, I walk the streets and they know me. In the U.S., they go, 'Who? Show me some ID. Rick Thomas, who?' "
Now, Thomas is taking the opportunity to move his show into a different, and tigerless, direction, or what he jokingly refers to as "Rick Thomas 2.0, or Rick Thomas: Chapter 2."
The reason: Thomas says he simply felt it was time for a change, not only for himself but for the tigers, too.
"I spent a lifetime working with them, raising them, spending my life taking care of them," Thomas says. But "tigers are a challenge. They are an exotic animal. They are trained, never tamed.
"There is a lot of daily activity working with tigers, and I just felt that I could not give my tigers enough of my time and continue with my show in the direction I wanted to take the show."
Also, Thomas says, "I wanted to give the tigers what I feel is a better life."
So, Thomas' tigers now reside at Keepers of the Wild, a nonprofit animal preserve off of Route 66 in Arizona.
"I still actually care for the tigers," Thomas says. "I visit them. They live in a valley where they have the freedom to roam."
As it turns out, changing the show to accommodate the absence of tigers wasn't difficult.
"Tigers were always part of my show, but they never were my show," Thomas explains. "I don't think people came to my show just to see the tigers."
Besides, the tigers will be at this weekend's show in spirit: Thomas last week was working on a video about his life with the cats that he plans to premiere during this weekend's performances.
Meanwhile, what audiences still will see at this weekend's shows will be the illusions Thomas has spent his life perfecting, meshed with the grace of the ballroom dance moves Thomas began honing at age 5.
Thomas and his sister competed in ballroom dance competitions during their youth, and even won a national title in their teens. Earlier this week, Thomas was scheduled to be a guest on Marie Osmond's TV talk show to speak with Marie about her "Dancing with the Stars" experience, dance a bit and, Thomas jokes, ask her to "put in a good word for me" with the show's producers.
This weekend's engagement at the Suncoast also will allow Southern Nevadans to check out Thomas' show in a more easily accessible and more affordable (tickets start at $17.50) venue than on the Strip.
"Locals have always been huge supporters of my show," Thomas says, and his Strip audiences tended to include a hefty contingent of out-of-towners referred by locals.
While Thomas' show is family-friendly, don't let the description mislead you. He says it's designed to appeal to both kids and adults.
"In fact," Thomas says, "two minutes into the show, adults forget their children are even there because they, too, will be enthralled."
Contact reporter John Przybys at firstname.lastname@example.com or 702-383-0280.PREVIEW
What: The Magic of Rick Thomas
When: 7:30 p.m. Saturday and Sunday
Where: Suncoast Showroom, 9090 Alta Drive
Tickets: $17.50-$44 (636-7075)


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Hello, visitor! Welcome to my website. I am Koshiro Yamaguchi, and I am working towards my Ph.D. at the University of Washington, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Prior to joining the graduate school, I received my Bachelor's degree in Aerospace Engineering from Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan in March 2018.
Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
University of Washington, Seattle, USA (Fall 2018 – Current)
Ph.D. student in Aeronautics and Astronautics
I am working towards my doctoral degree at the Laboratory for Engineered Materials and Structures with Dr. Jinkyu Yang.
Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan (April 2014 – March 2018)
Bachelor of Engineering in Aerospace Engineering, GPA 3.74/4.00 (2nd-class honor)
I conducted my undergraduate research project under the guidance of Dr. Yasuyuki Miyazaki at Space Structure Systems Lab.
Areas of interest: origami structures, machine learning, nonlinear dynamics, mechanical metamaterials, finite element methods
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- Funai Overseas Scholarship (2018), This scholarship will cover the full amount of tuition, the full amount of medical insurance, living cost of USD 2,500/month for two years. Also, round-trip airfare from Japan to the U.S., and preparation expense of JPY 500,000 (USD 5,000) will be funded.
- Award from the dean of the College of Science and Technology, Nihon University (2018)
- Award from the governor of Chiba Prefecture, Japan (2018)
- Graduation from Nihon University with 2nd-class honor (2018)
- Merit-based Scholarship from Nihon University (2015-2018)
- F-tech Scholarship (2017)
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- 2nd-place awardee, International Gemini Mars Design Competition (2016), Held at the 19th annual International Mars Society Convention, Washington D.C., USA
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Aspirant real estate investors: the clocking is ticking.
If you're keen on an opportunity to rub elbows with industry experts and network with savvy fellow investors, then you should click over to the Toronto Real Estate Investor Forum website as soon as possible.
The early bird discount for the two day event ends on Friday, February 15th so time is of the essence. As BuzzBuzzHome News readers already may know, you can use the special BuzzBuzzHome promo code (IFBUZZ) to receive 20 per cent of the ticket price. This, coupled with the early bird savings, makes for some financially prudent ticket-buying.
The Investor Forum is also offering a limited time Valentine's Day promotion that allows you to book a single pass using the BuzzBuzzHome promo code and bring five people for free. Not a tough sell… Check out the registration page for more details on tickets and pricing!
The Investor Forum, organized by Canadian Real Estate Wealth, is arriving in Toronto for the weekend of March 9th. The event takes place at Toronto Congress Centre, at Dixon Road and Highway 27.
Have a look at some of the highlights from the speaker's list here and watch the Investor Forum promo video here!


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Primesouth is home to a full-service network of international OEM approved facilities, offering operators and owners one resource for new power plant supply. Strong relationships and contracts with numerous OEM approved facilities allow Primesouth to deliver purchasing, supply and installation services for new power plants all around the world.
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Special episode of Barking and Dagenham CCTV Appeal goes live
Repeat offenders caught on camera fly-tipping are the focus of the latest CCTV video appeal from Barking and Dagenham Council.
Serial lawbreakers take centre stage in the latest episode of the web-series, which is aimed at preventing fly-tipping and identifying perpetrators caught dumping rubbish, which costs the council thousands of pounds each year.
Familiar faces from previous episodes include a man captured on camera four times already in the mini-series, as well as a renewed effort to catch two men spotted discarding more than three car boot loads of rubbish in just a week.
Fly-tipping is not acceptable
Councillor Margaret Mullane, Cabinet Member for Enforcement and Community Safety, said the council was committed to cutting out fly-tipping for good.
Cllr Mullane said: "It isn't a problem that we will be able to resolve overnight or tackle on our own – it is something we need the community's help with.
"We are determined to send a strong message to offenders that fly-tipping is not acceptable in our borough and that those spotted doing it will be caught and action taken against them."
The latest video is the sixth episode of the CCTV Appeal and features the 99th incident of fly-tipping captured by the council's CCTV cameras since the series began in July.
Counting the cost of fly-tipping
The short clips have already helped the council identify a number of culprits.
The Cabinet Member for Public Realm, Syed Ghani, said: "Simply put, fly-tipping cost this council upwards of £380,000 last year.
"We need to get tough on those flouting the law and I hope anyone watching the CCTV appeal, who recognises someone featured, will get in touch immediately and help us catch the culprits."
The YouTube series is a key tool in the council's campaign to tackle fly-tipping in the borough and has proved popular with residents, receiving over 8000 views in total.
To watch all the episodes from the series so far, visit the Wall of Shame page.


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Newbie here
Welcome and a few helpful hints:
Please check our Forums at www.everjane.com under News Announcements for the most recent, and previous, patch notes. Includes in-game new character info.
To find out more about our quest system or if you get stuck on a quest please go to our knowledge base 3turnproductionshelp.zendesk.com/hc/en-us and you will find walk throughs and helpful hints on all the quests and in game assistance.
Posted : 27/10/2018 11:13 am


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March 19, 2018
No More Maybe
Gish Jen
A Chinese woman and her husband have immigrated to the United States. They are hosting the husband's parents and awaiting the birth of their first child. When her father-in-law was younger and a literature professor he liked to protect people. But now he is older he stirs things up instead of calming things down. One day he decides to wash his son's silver-colored car. When he accidentally cleans a neighbor's silver-colored car he sets things in motion.


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Is there anything more hilarious than donning a sumo suit and trying to take down your mates in the most extravagant way possible?
Well, if you head to the Big, Fat Brunch at our current Bar of the Year – at Lock, Stock & Barrel JBR – The Walk – you can don a massive suit, hop into the inflatable ring, let the spotlight hit you and do your best to knock your buddy off their feet.
And the best bit is that we've got a brunch for four to give away as part of this week's episode of Time Out Dubai Vlogs. The team went along to the JBR bar and had a mini tournament to find out who would be crowned king of the ring.
All you've got to do to enter this week's competition is comment on the below video and subscribe to the Time Out Dubai YouTube channel, and you'll be in with a chance of winning.
Check out the video below:
Every week we get out and about into this awesome city and find out the best stuff there is going on. Whether it's jumping out of planes, jumping off of mountains, swimming with sharks, failing to surf, taking on the city's craziest food challenges, getting a kiss from a seal, falling out of supercars or anything in between, if it's happening in your city, the Time Out Dubai crew are on it.


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Posted by Chuck on December 29, 1999 at 01:22:54:
In Reply to: Re: Re: Annealing -- can it be 'undone'? posted by Joe Baker on December 28, 1999 at 23:15:03:
It's called Akvavit, good for whatever doesn't ail ya; and it isn't just Norwegians that drink it; Danes and Swedes also do. I believe that the ritual involves crossing the equator, but I'm not sure. Klaus, you want to give an expert Danish opinion on the matter?
Follow Ups:


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text: Hello again, so I've been playing some constructed at a local shop, and I'm not sure a couple of the guys there are using Johnny Storm correctly. When they have Johnny Storm active and field another character, both of them have been doing 1 damage to one of my characters AND one damage to one of their own. I can't see in the wording of the ability, or anywhere on any rules forum saying it damages a character for both players.


text:
A new, stable artificial photosynthesis device doubles the efficiency of harnessing sunlight to break apart both fresh and salt water, generating hydrogen that can then be used in fuel cells.
The device could also be reconfigured to turn carbon dioxide back into fuel.
Hydrogen is the cleanest-burning fuel, with water as its only emission. But hydrogen production is not always environmentally friendly. Conventional methods require natural gas or electrical power. The method advanced by the new device, called direct solar water splitting, only uses water and light from the sun.
"If we can directly store solar energy as a chemical fuel, like what nature does with photosynthesis, we could solve a fundamental challenge of renewable energy," said Zetian Mi, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Michigan who led the research while at McGill University in Montreal.
Faqrul Alam Chowdhury, a doctoral student in electrical and computer engineering at McGill, said the problem with solar cells is that they cannot store electricity without batteries, which have a high overall cost and limited life.
The device is made from the same widely used materials as solar cells and other electronics, including silicon and gallium nitride (often found in LEDs). With an industry-ready design that operates with just sunlight and seawater, the device paves the way for large-scale production of clean hydrogen fuel.
Previous direct solar water splitters have achieved a little more than 1 percent stable solar-to-hydrogen efficiency in fresh or saltwater. Other approaches suffer from the use of costly, inefficient or unstable materials, such as titanium dioxide, that also might involve adding highly acidic solutions to reach higher efficiencies.
Mi and his team, however, achieved more than 3 percent solar-to-hydrogen efficiency. To reach this stable efficiency, the team built a nano-sized cityscape of gallium nitride towers that generated an electric field. The gallium nitride turns light, or photons, into mobile electrons and positively charged vacancies called holes. These free charges split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.
"When this specially engineered wafer is hit by photons, the electric field helps separate photogenerated electrons and holes to drive the production of hydrogen and oxygen molecules efficiently," Chowdhury said.
At present, the silicon backing of the chip does not contribute to its function, but it could be doing more. The next step may be to use the silicon to help capture light and funnel charge carriers to the gallium nitride towers.
"Although the 3 percent efficiency might seem low, when put in the context of the 40 years of research on this process, it's actually a big breakthrough," Mi said. "Natural photosynthesis, depending how you calculate it, has an efficiency of about 0.6 percent."
He adds that 5 percent efficiency is the threshold for commercialization, but his team is aiming for 20 or 30 percent efficiency.
Mi conducts similar research to strip carbon dioxide of its oxygen to turn the resulting carbon into hydrocarbons, such as methanol and syngas. This research path could potentially remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, like plants do.
"That's the truly exciting part," Mi said.
Learn more: Harvesting clean hydrogen fuel through artificial photosynthesis
The Latest on: Artificial photosynthesis
via Google News
The Latest on: Artificial photosynthesis
- Artificial Photosynthesis Faraday Discussion on March 26, 2019 at 5:00 pm
Join us in Cambridge, UK in March 2019 for this addition to our Faraday Discussion series. For over 100 years and 300 meetings, Faraday Discussions have been the forefront of physical chemistry. Many ... […]
- Fake trees could help us fight climate change on January 28, 2019 at 8:00 am
New research from a team of German scientists suggests that artificial photosynthesis could help. Scientists are urging the world to invest in the technology, which remains too costly to be practical. ... […]
- Artificial Photosynthesis Could Help Limit Carbon Emissions on January 22, 2019 at 5:14 am
If CO 2 emissions do not fall fast enough, then CO 2 will have to be removed from the atmosphere to limit global warming. New technologies for artificial photosynthesis could contribute to negative ... […]
- Climate change: How could artificial photosynthesis contribute to limiting global warming? on January 17, 2019 at 5:29 am
If CO 2 emissions do not fall fast enough, then CO 2 will have to be removed from the atmosphere to limit global warming. Not only could planting new forests and biomass contribute to this, but new ... […]
- Climate change: How could artificial photosynthesis contribute to limiting global warming? on January 16, 2019 at 11:59 am
If CO2 emissions do not fall fast enough, then CO2 will have to be removed from the atmosphere to limit global warming. Not only could planting new forests and biomass contribute to this, but new ... […]
- Climate change: How could artificial photosynthesis contribute to limiting global warming? on January 16, 2019 at 7:28 am
After several years during which global emissions at least stagnated, they rose again somewhat in 2017 and 2018. Germany has also clearly missed its climate targets. In order to keep global warming ... […]
- Artificial Photosynthesis Market Segmentation, Parameters and Prospects 2018 to 2030 Market Research Report on December 23, 2018 at 4:34 pm
Dec 24, 2018 (Heraldkeeper via COMTEX) -- Global Artificial Photosynthesis Industry New Study On "2018-2030 Artificial Photosynthesis Market Global Key Player, Demand, Growth, Opportunities and ... […]
- Hybrid cell turns sunlight and water into hydrogen and electricity on October 29, 2018 at 10:58 pm
One of the main methods of producing hydrogen for fuel cells is to use artificial photosynthesis to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, but these devices still suffer from some efficiency issues. ... […]
- Scientists awaken dormant enzymes to give artificial photosynthesis a boost on September 3, 2018 at 7:57 pm
An ability to recreate and scale up the process of photosynthesis, where plants convert sunlight into usable fuels, would mean huge things for our pursuit of renewable energy. Researchers around the ... […]
via Bing News


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PVC plastic decking is a faux wood decking material complete with . Short-term cost is higher than PT lumber, cedar, redwood and composite, though the.
Jun 6, 2017 . In California, for instance, a B-grade redwood 2 x 6 costs about $2.35 per . Composite decking and its cousin, plastic lumber, represent the.
Nov 2, 2016 . . differences between PVC vs. Capped Composite Decking and find out which is right for you. . PVC Decking: Costs & Benefits. PVC Decking.
The $1.1 billion composite and PVC decking and railing industry still is in its .. says that while wood flour can cost 10 cents a pound and virgin PVC a dollar a.
Read our expert side by side comparison of wood and composite decks and find out which is the best choice for . A cedar wood deck will cost $30 or more per square foot. . It is manufactured using a combination of wood fiber and plastic.
China Anti-uv Wood Plastic Composite Deck Cheapest Price Wpc Flooring Panel Outdoor Furniture Wpc Decki price wpc flooring is supplied by ☆ Anti-uv Wood.
Aug 10, 2014 . Composite decking is made from recycled materials (plastic and . that the cost for maintaining a wood deck over a 10 year period could cost in.
Before that, the only option available for most folks was wood, which was . While PVC decking is the most expensive upfront cost out of all the material we have.
Discover the benefits of both wood and composite decking options for your home. . The cost and upkeep associated with each type of decking. . Composite decking typically consists of some type of plastic material, such as polyethylene.
Apr 16, 2015 . BENEFITS VS WOOD . but many customers now prefer to offset the higher cost of a Composite or PVC Deck – over the lifespan of the material.
Jan 3, 2018 . Found on fewer decks (but only due to the high cost) are exotic . Also, manufacturers of wood-composite and PVC deck materials like to point.
fireproof waterproof Anti-UV WPC Wood Plastic Composite Price Decking . Factory price water&fire resistant solid wood plastic composite WPC decking.
Composite decking is created by mixing polyethyle with wood fiber, rice hulls or other fillers as well . created new products that encapsulate the composite material with a thin layer of PVC capstock for . Composite Decking Price Comparison.
Nov 10, 2017 . If you're considering the pros and cons of ipe wood vs. composite decking, . Ipe Wood Vs Composite Decking: Comparing Cost and Performance . treated lumber, which helps them to resist moisture better, and the plastic in.
At GR Mitchell, we have PVC, wood, and composite decking supplies from . PVC decking is about half the price of composite decking but cost is added if you.
Feb 6, 2017 . Capped Wood/Plastic Composite Material; Periodic Cleaning of dirt & . in composite and PVC, the bottom line is their makeup and price.
Mar 20, 2013 . Manmade deck material products include composites, PVC and vinyl . The main reason people choose wood is for the initial cost savings.


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Rising scribe Mike Van Waes has been hired to pen the script for a live-action remake of Disney Animation's 2002 film "Lilo and Stitch".
The Hawaii-centric story told of the bond formed between a lonely human girl named Lilo and a blue dog-like alien named Stitch, who is engineered to be a force of destruction. Pursuing aliens, social workers, themes of family bonds figure into the proceedings.
Dan Lin and Jonathan Eirich, who worked on the upcoming live-action remake of "Aladdin," are producing the 'Lilo' film which will blend live-action and CG. It's not clear as yet if this will go theatrical or directly to Disney's streaming service which launches in 2019.
Source: THR


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There is a new $1 Chloraseptic Coupon that just rolled out. There are also som reports that some Walgreens locations currently have the Chloraseptic Spray on clearance for $1.99. If you are able to find it for this price, would can score the spray for only .99!
Here is your scenario:
Chloraspetic Spray $1.99
–$1 Chloraseptic Coupon
We would love to hear if you are able to find the Chloraseptic Spray on Clearance at your local Walgreens!
(Thanks Passion for Savings!)


text: Investor-Connect, the most popular and successful investor-investee connect is back again. As a regular part of the annual TiE-ISB Connect, "Investor Connect" brings together top Indian PE/VC/Seed/Angel funds and promising entrepreneurs in any industry (for seed, early stage and Series-A funding) for a well orchestrated face to face interaction on the day 0 of TiE-ISB Connect. Funding range: $100,000 to $5M. Please register your application for funding here.


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UK Corporate Reports: a governance, accounting and audit perspective
Title: UK Corporate Reports: a governance, accounting and audit perspective
It will cover:
Financial reporting and narrative reporting (otherwise known as non-financial reporting)
The benefits of an effective corporate report
International Financial Reporting Standards
The Strategic Report
Statement of Corporate Governance Arrangements
Sustainability Reporting
Integrated Reporting
Proposed changes to Audit Firms and the Financial Reporting Council
The presentation will particularly review the many governance changes that have been introduced in the last 6 months.
About the speaker:
Dr Chris Pierce is the Chief Executive Officer of Global Governance Services and is a Visiting Professor of International Corporate Governance at the University of Lincoln. He works with policy makers, directors and boards in Asia, the Middle East, Europe, Africa, the US and South America and has been involved in developing directors and boards in some of the largest listed companies, family-controlled businesses, State Owned Enterprises, National Investment Authorities, Sovereign Wealth Funds around the World. He is an international thought leader and has written many books on corporate governance. In 2014, he was awarded the Bertin Medal in Sweden by the International Academy of Quality for his contribution to corporate governance globally over the last decade. He is the author of the Corporate Governance Code for Mauritius that became operational in July 2017 that uses the new "apply and explain" approach.
Room: DCB1102


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Love to dance? - Embodied Mindfulness through dance
02 Apr 2017
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Love to dance? - Embodied Mindfulness through dance with Helen Bohan.
Open Floor Movement is a physical meditation practice that supports us to be at home in our bodies. It is designed to cultivate well being on a physical, emotional and psychological level.
It's a practice that is accessible to everyone, There are no steps to follow, nothing to learn and you cant get it wrong. We use movement and dance to explore who we are.
No matter what age you are, your level of fitness. You are welcome.
Introduction session 2-245pm.
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In Zaporozhye found a junkyard with one and a half tons of biological waste, including human remains. The situation is fraught with outbreaks of epidemics that modern Ukraine is especially dangerous: after breaking off ties with Russia, the country turns into a hotbed of rare infections. And it is possible that one reason for this is the use of Ukrainians for biomedical experiments.
The rapid development of Microbiology in XIX–XX centuries led to the cycle of historical victories on the infectious disease front has gone massive epidemics of typhus, cholera, plague, anthrax, centuries collecting their sad harvest. At the beginning of the XXI century the uncontrolled epidemic continue to happen, but it's either episodic outbreaks of new viruses (such as H1N1) in major cities, or the intensification of exotic infections in the poorest States of Africa (like Ebola).
A significant role in the victory over the world's epidemics played by domestic scientists, the benefit to the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union entered the territory with very different epidemic situation. Internal migration, natural circulation of pathogens, the tumultuous events of the XIX–XX centuries put before the Russian microbiologists not only scientific, but also national importance. And decided they were at a very high level.
Nobel laureate Ilya Mechnikov laid the foundations of modern immunology. Nicholas, Gamal organized the first Russian station of vaccination against rabies and became the founder of the national medical Microbiology. Sergey Vinogradsky not only solved practical problems in the St. Petersburg Institute of experimental medicine, but also became one of the founders of soil Microbiology, and Dmitry Ivanovo – Virology. To enumerate all of the names and achievements would require a separate article, but that's enough anti-epidemic system of the USSR was recognized as one of the best in the world, and given the scale of the country it can be called the best. Developed network of medical monitoring infectious processes, well-functioning immunization schedule million people, specialized research institutes and University centers – all this allows to control known infection and to explore new, proactively create methods of diagnostics and protection.
After 1991, microbiological research schools and the system of anti-epidemic protection received a strong blow: once United, she began to break the new States respectively, and losing in quantity and in quality. However, the scientific unity in the post-Soviet space in some part managed to keep (just look at scientific publications in specialized journals), and for the subsequent quarter of a century to rectify and epidemiological work, again pushing the raging infection.
On the whole, a satisfactory background of a very dysfunctional area is Ukraine, where we have a paradoxical situation: the Republic, inherited a powerful part of the once unified system rapidly falls in the area epidemicas fragile States and becomes a source of infection for neighbouring countries. This is despite the fact that Ukraine continues to operate both fundamental and applied science and in research institutes and universities conducted a rather interesting study.
Why is the situation continuing to deteriorate? The reasons for at least three sharp drop in the level of healthcare after 2014, artificial rupture of relations with Russia, and – attention! – medical experiments on people.
Hospital map of the third world
Last year alone, Ukraine has suffered outbreaks of a number of infectious diseases. Right now its population is struggling with measles. According to Ministry of health of the country, for the first ten days of 2018 identified 200 cases of this disease are recorded every day and new. Dynamics speaks for itself: in 2016 measles in Ukraine had 78 people in 2017- about three thousand. The European Agency for health reports third-place Ukraine on the incidence of measles in Europe.
In 2017 in the nine regions of the country was marked by an outbreak of botulism, and with deaths. The situation had not yet reached critical levels, but doctors are sounding the alarm: botulism is simply nothing to treat, because the serum until 2014 bought in Russia, but more is not purchased "for political reasons". Patients can buy it illegally (the price at the dealers – about 10 thousand rubles). There are proposals to request it in as humanitarian aid from the EU.
Also, there is a rising incidence of pertussis. And the situation with epidemic of a dangerous polio is that calling for Poroshenko to start doing at least something made even the who and UNICEF.
In parallel, the expected outbreak of diphtheria. Once defeated and it was already almost forgotten disease reminded him of himself in 1991-1998 years and now back again. Ukrainian infectious disease in autumn it was noted that to stop diphtheria is simply nothing, since the Russian vaccine Kiev refused, and a sufficient number of other producers was not. In the end, the Ukrainians, without advertising, buy the same Russian, extracting it from the overpayment on personal channels. Life is more political ambitions.
This list could go on, but the General reason is clear – the failure of state policy in the field of vaccination of the population after 2014. Those who and UNICEF in 2017 diagnosed that Ukraine along with Syria, Guinea, Nigeria and Somalia have been included in the list of countries with the lowest vaccination rates of children. According working in Ukraine British Professor-immunologist David Salisbury, in 2016, the level of vaccination from the most dangerous infectious diseases among the citizens of the country was 50%, with TB, slightly more than 10%, polio – 39%, against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis – only 2%. It was the lowest immunization rates in the world. In fact, the current measles epidemic British expert predicted back then.
Thus, the main result of the victory of the euromaidan became not only rising prices, the de-industrialization of the country and the massive emigration of able-bodied population, but also a sharp increase in the incidence among those who remained.
Not to say that in this critical situation the regime Poroshenko does nothing. In the country delivered vaccine against diphtheria, procured by UNICEF as humanitarian aid, and in late February by the UN arrived 220 thousand doses of the Belgian vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. In parallel, the introduction of cheap Indian vaccines DTP set is checked Russian, but ordinary citizens treat them warily.
Many remember that the Indian vaccine from UNICEF in 2008 to import to Ukraine is forbidden, under arrest because she got even the chief sanitary doctor of the country. Now the same Indian product Ukraine as would fit – the important thing is that he's not Russian.
People for medical experiments
The overall picture with new producers, the degree of purity of the drugs and conditions of their delivery is of the population of many questions, leading to growth antiprivivochnaya sentiment. The factor of years of propaganda of harm from vaccination have played a role in the current epidemic disaster. The campaign is in Ukraine since 2008, strangely coinciding with the redistribution of the market of immunobiological preparations. And since 2009, as zavilevskiy Deputy head of the State sanitary-epidemiological service of Sviatoslav Protas, "under the slogans of European integration, deregulation, the fight against corruption destroyed the surveillance system". According to him, in 2015 there is no state programme of immunoprophylaxis.
In turn, head of the Department of infectious diseases of National medical University named after O. O. Bogomolets Olga Golubovska emphasizes that up to 2014 the country bought the drugs tested and the level of public confidence in vaccination was acceptable.
On this subject
- The Ukrainian epidemic lurks American source
- How real is today, the threat of "biological terrorism"
- Public health England is in critical condition
The main Savior of Ukraine and other neighboring countries of Europe are now an international organization. In their case, it is not only about humanism – the Europeans accept the Ukrainian labor migrants and do not want to get the infection complete with cheap labor. In Poland already there was a precedent of a forced vaccination 700 employees of a meat processing plant after a measles outbreak from the two Ukrainian workers, and the countries of Central Europe quickly concluded.
There is another side of the coin, even more impartial, and to confirm a number of facts – the citizens of Ukraine can be used as an extensive experimental samples for biomedical research. The logic of such actions is obvious: elimination of inherited from the USSR system of epidemic surveillance and algorithms to fight infections, the rejection of decades of tried and tested scientific and professional ties, and after reaching a critical situation – replacement of experimental methods and drugs, the use of which the Ukrainian society will be forced to agree. And if you suddenly do not want to, it will persuade competent in this sense, the people. Citizen of the United States and the Minister of health of Ukraine Ulyana Suprun example.
Previously, her Ministry has officially approved the conduct of clinical trials of imported drugs on the Ukrainians. In the order № 835 openly says the 96 names of the studied drugs.
Earlier, in 2016, the press reported that officials allowed us to test the drug on patients with rheumatoid arthritis in hospitals in Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhya region, Poltava and others. "The tests also permitted us cure for schizophrenia, which will be held in Cherkasy, Kyiv, Kherson, Vinnytsia mental hospitals. Drugs from US will be tested and Ukrainians, pneumonia patients – for example, in Kiev and Kharkov hospitals. The American company Pfizer also intends to test his medicine on cancer patients on the basis of the Krivoy Rog, Lviv, Chernivtsi dispensaries. In addition, the patients who are treated for cancer, will test the effectiveness of their products and the French company AB Science (Krivoy Rog, Sumy, Kharkiv and other cancer centres). Swedish pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca AB will test a new drug for the treatment of pulmonary diseases", – says the publication.
How the situation will develop in the field of infectious diseases? Probably for the same scheme. Suprun has reported on changes in the procurement system of immunological products, developed by Western experts.
And this is just the tip of the iceberg. In addition to the officially recognized 11 closed microbiological centers in the USA (by the way, one of them is located near the border with Russia), Ukraine operates a landfill that operates under a U.S. military program DTRA. In accordance thereof, under the control of Washington the States are closed microbiological centres, uncontrolled by the local authorities and having access to state secrets. There is a theory that biologists of the United States, is covered by diplomatic immunity, there are studies that go beyond international constraints on biological weapons.
Here it would be possible to talk in detail about the career of the company Metabiota, executing the orders of the Pentagon in areas affected by the Ebola virus in Africa and in areas of epidemics in the Ukrainian territory. On the outbreak of swine flu in the Ukrainian army, which caused the death of soldiers. About the studies, cholera a bacteriologist from the United States, which coincided with her return to Ukraine and the emergence of a similar strain in Moscow. Or about a new wave of hepatitis. But a detailed analysis can be easily found in earlier publications.
After all this, it is difficult to wonder that in the Odessa region circulates aggressive genotype B3 of measles virus (Kabul), while in other regions of Ukraine – European virus samples D8. Is it a coincidence the presence in Odessa closed the microbiological center of the United States and the emergence of the Asian specific region of the virus, the name of which coincides with the location of the Afghan BioLAB Americans? It is an open question.
With this same virus on its territory faced the other scientists revealing in this respect, country – Iran, and also quite loyal to America of Pakistan. Do not want to draw here the analogy with Russia and Ukraine, but that Tehran will actively fight the epidemic on its territory, no doubt. But the Washington-controlled Kiev – is not the fact.
Especially sad on this background is a reminder that in times of tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union Odessa was one of the leading centers in the fight against infectious diseases. That's where together with Nicholas Gamaliel Professor of Novorossiysk (now Odessa) University, Ilya Mechnikov, he organized and headed the first in the country and second in the world (after Pasteur Institute) bacteriological station. During most of the twentieth century Odessa research Institute of Virology and epidemiology was the southern Outpost of defense against epidemics. Now "South Palmira", as well as Ukraine in General, is gradually emerging in the area of epidemiological disasters, whether in a landfill biological testing.
Russia, in any case, it is necessary to closely monitor what is happening. Infections do not respect national borders, and the genetic commonality of Russian and Ukrainian makes our people ravnovesiye before unscrupulous biomedical research in the modern world of global competition.


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Boston Dynamics' SpotMini robot will be attending Disrupt
In an age dominated by short attention spans, Boston Dynamics has managed to capture our imaginations time and again through sometimes frightening, sometimes adorable and always fascinating robots. But the company's creations are far more than viral video machines. And now the founder and CEO Marc Raibert will join me for a fireside chat at Disrupt SF.Formed in 1992 by former Carnegie Mellon and MIT professor Marc Raibert, Boston Dynamics creates nature-inspired quadruped and bipedal robots capable of climbing walls, jumping high, running fast, and all manner of other impressive feats.The company's most high-profile creation was unveiled in 2005. The four-legged robot BigDog captured the internet's attention by way of a video that showed the robotic pack mule moving large payloads over rugged terrain and up hills, all while stubbornly refusing to be knocked over.A series of equally impressive 'bots, including the record-breaking Cheetah and the bipedal Petman continued to put the company on the public's radar, while helping to attract the attention of Google, which purchased the company at the end of 2013, as part of its Google X research lab.
Source: Boston Dynamics Founder Marc Raibert and the SpotMini robot will be joining us at Disrupt | TechCrunch


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Large cream crackle ceramic lamp
Large cream crackle ceramic lamp
Large & elegant off white crackle glaze lamp on aged brass greek key base, 1950's. Before the lamp was re-wired, it was controlled by a push button on the front of the brass base, which is now replaced with a stationary small brass cap. All hardware is brass.
ACD lamp standards:
- fully re-wired with 6 feet of cord
- all metal dimmer socket, harp & finial
- low profile plug
- oval drum rolled edge silk shade included at no additional cost
- new felt on bottom
Ceramic is 8.5" w x 8.5" d
Top of ceramic is 20" h
Top of socket is 25" h
Top of shade is 34" h
Shade is 20" w x 14" d x 12" h
The ceramic is in very good to excellent condition. There is a slight discoloration area at the top, which is not noticeable until very close inspection. The base has some pitting and wear, as appropriate for the age.
This item will be taken to our local mail center for packing and shipping. Once you have purchased online and the item is dropped off, the mail center will contact you directly for a shipping quote. You will pay the mail center directly for shipping. Any damage claims should be made directly with the shipper.
Shipping lamp shades is very costly because of the size, even though the weight is minimal. If you prefer to use your own shades, please advise when you place your order.


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Just like any other medical service out there, there is a need for you to be very careful any time you are looking for the best chiropractic care services. It goes without saying that you want the best chiropractic care and with this in mind, you have to be a very savvy customer so as to choose the one which suits you best. This piece guides you through various tips that you can use to select the best chiropractic care out there. Take note that there are various leads and if you don't have the right knowledge, you may end up choosing the wrong chiropractor. You should not worry anyway because this savvy guide highlights all these tips in the most detailed way possible. Take note that chiropractor promotes healing without the use of normal medications or surgery and the main focus of the right chiropractic care is your health issue. In nutshell, here is a quick scan of factors that you should consider any time you are looking for the best chiropractor.
You can start by checking how well the chiropractor is rated by checking the online reviews from his or her site. This is the goodness of the current digital era because you can get all this information online using your simple gadgets such as a phone or a pc. With the online reviews, you will get a clear picture of the quality of services offered by the chiropractor by analyzing what other customers say about his or services. You will be confident of the skills and expertise of the chiropractor who you will be entrusted with your health and your welfare. Get more info here!
On top of this, it is also very important to consider the qualifications of the Solution Chiropractic. This means that you should make sure that he or she has all the licenses. This is a clear indication that the chiropractor has the right training, skills and experience to offer reliable chiropractic care. Besides this, make sure that the chiropractor has a clean history, that is with zero malpractice actions. Dig even deeper and know the number of years which the chiropractor has been in the field. Most importantly, make sure that the chiropractor has the best skills and experience in handling a certain condition that you are experiencing.
Ultimately, it is essential to factor in the cost charged for the chiropractic care. Go for the doctor with the best services at a friendly price. For further information about chiropractic, go to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiropractic.