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Bank, an institution that deals in money and its substitutes and provides other money-related services. In its role as a financial intermediary, a bank accepts deposits and makes loans. It derives a profit from the difference between the costs (including interest payments) of attracting and servicing deposits and the income it receives through interest charged to borrowers or earned through securities. Many banks provide related services such as financial management and products such as mutual funds and credit cards. Some bank liabilities also serve as money—that is, as generally accepted means of payment and exchange.
This article describes the development of banking functions and institutions, the basic principles of modern banking practice, and the structure of a number of important national banking systems. Certain concepts not addressed here that are nonetheless fundamental to banking are treated in the articles accounting and money.
Principles of banking
The central practice of banking consists of borrowing and lending. As in other businesses, operations must be based on capital, but banks employ comparatively little of their own capital in relation to the total volume of their transactions. Instead banks use the funds obtained through deposits and, as a precaution, maintain capital and reserve accounts to protect against losses on their loans and investments and to provide for unanticipated cash withdrawals. Genuine banks are distinguished from other kinds of financial intermediaries by the readily transferable or "spendable" nature of at least some of their liabilities (also known as IOUs), which allows those liabilities to serve as means of exchange—that is, as money.
Types of banks
The principal types of banks in the modern industrial world are commercial banks, which are typically private-sector profit-oriented firms, and central banks, which are public-sector institutions. Commercial banks accept deposits from the general public and make various kinds of loans (including commercial, consumer, and real-estate loans) to individuals and businesses and, in some instances, to governments. Central banks, in contrast, deal mainly with their sponsoring national governments, with commercial banks, and with each other. Besides accepting deposits from and extending credit to these clients, central banks also issue paper currency and are responsible for regulating commercial banks and national money stocks.
The term commercial bank covers institutions ranging from small neighbourhood banks to huge metropolitan institutions or multinational organizations with hundreds of branches. Although U.S. banking regulations limited the development of nationwide bank chains through most of the 20th century, legislation in 1994 easing these limitations led American commercial banks to organize along the lines of their European counterparts, which typically operated offices and bank branches in many regions.
In the United States a distinction exists between commercial banks and so-called thrift institutions, which include savings and loan associations (S&Ls), credit unions, and savings banks. Like commercial banks, thrift institutions accept deposits and fund loans, but unlike commercial banks, thrifts have traditionally focused on residential mortgage lending rather than commercial lending. The growth of a separate thrift industry in the United States was largely fostered by regulations unique to that country; these banks therefore lack a counterpart elsewhere in the world. Moreover, their influence has waned: the pervasive deregulation of American commercial banks, which originated in the wake of S&L failures during the late 1980s, weakened the competitiveness of such banks and left the future of the U.S. thrift industry in doubt.
While these and other institutions are often called banks, they do not perform all the banking functions described above and are best classified as financial intermediaries. Institutions that fall into this category include finance companies, savings banks, investment banks (which deal primarily with large business clients and are mainly concerned with underwriting and distributing new issues of corporate bonds and equity shares), trust companies, finance companies (which specialize in making risky loans and do not accept deposits), insurance companies, mutual fund companies, and home-loan banks or savings and loan associations. One particular type of commercial bank, the merchant bank (known as an investment bank in the United States), engages in investment banking activities such as advising on mergers and acquisitions. In some countries, including Germany, Switzerland, France, and Italy, so-called universal banks supply both traditional (or "narrow") commercial banking services and various nonbank financial services such as securities underwriting and insurance. Elsewhere, regulations, long-established custom, or a combination of both have limited the extent to which commercial banks have taken part in the provision of nonbank financial services.
Bank money
The development of trade and commerce drove the need for readily exchangeable forms of money. The concept of bank money originated with the Amsterdamsche Wisselbank (the Bank of Amsterdam), which was established in 1609 during Amsterdam's ascent as the largest and most prosperous city in Europe. As an exchange bank, it permitted individuals to bring money or bullion for deposit and to withdraw the money or the worth of the bullion. The original ordinance that established the bank further required that all bills of 600 gulden or upward should be paid through the bank—in other words, by the transfer of deposits or credits at the bank. These transfers later came to be known as "bank money." The charge for making the transfers represented the bank's sole source of income.
In contrast to the earliest forms of money, which were commodity moneys based on items such as seashells, tobacco, and precious-metal coin, practically all contemporary money takes the form of bank money, which consists of checks or drafts that function as commercial or central bank IOUs. Commercial bank money consists mainly of deposit balances that can be transferred either by means of paper orders (e.g., checks) or electronically (e.g., debit cards, wire transfers, and Internet payments). Some electronic-payment systems are equipped to handle transactions in a number of currencies.
Circulating "banknotes," yet another kind of commercial bank money, are direct claims against the issuing institution (rather than claims to any specific depositor's account balance). They function as promissory notes issued by a bank and are payable to a bearer on demand without interest, which makes them roughly equivalent to money. Although their use was widespread before the 20th century, banknotes have been replaced largely by transferable bank deposits. In the early 21st century only a handful of commercial banks, including ones located in Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Hong Kong, issued banknotes. For the most part, contemporary paper currency consists of fiat money (from the medieval Latin term meaning "let it be done"), which is issued by central banks or other public monetary authorities.
All past and present forms of commercial bank money share the characteristic of being redeemable (that is, freely convertible at a fixed rate) in some underlying base money, such as fiat money (as is the case in contemporary banking) or a commodity money such as gold or silver coin. Bank customers are effectively guaranteed the right to seek unlimited redemptions of commercial bank money on demand (that is, without delay); any commercial bank refusing to honour the obligation to redeem its bank money is typically deemed insolvent. The same rule applies to the routine redemption requests that a bank makes, on behalf of its clients, upon another bank—as when a check drawn upon Bank A is presented to Bank B for collection.
While commercial banks remain the most important sources of convenient substitutes for base money, they are no longer exclusive suppliers of money substitutes. Money-market mutual funds and credit unions offer widely used money substitutes by permitting the persons who own shares in them to write checks from their accounts. (Money-market funds and credit unions differ from commercial banks in that they are owned by and lend only to their own depositors.) Another money substitute, traveler's checks, resembles old-fashioned banknotes to some degree, but they must be endorsed by their users and can be used for a single transaction only, after which they are redeemed and retired.
For all the efficiencies that bank money brings to financial transactions and the marketplace, a heavy reliance upon it—and upon spendable bank deposits in particular—can expose economies to banking crises. This is because banks hold only fractional reserves of basic money, and any concerted redemption of a bank's deposits—which could occur if the bank is suspected of insolvency—can cause it to fail. On a larger scale, any concerted redemption of a country's bank deposits (assuming the withdrawn funds are not simply redeposited in other banks) can altogether destroy an economy's banking system, depriving it of needed means of exchange as well as of business and consumer credit. Perhaps the most notorious example of this was the U.S. banking crisis of the early 1930s (see Banking panics and monetary contraction); a more recent example was the Asian currency crisis that originated in Thailand in 1997.
Bank loans
Bank loans, which are available to businesses of all types and sizes, represent one of the most important sources of commercial funding throughout the industrialized world. Key sources of funding for corporations include loans, stock and bond issues, and income. In the United States, for example, the funding that business enterprises obtain from banks is roughly twice the amount they receive by marketing their own bonds, and funding from bank loans is far greater still than what companies acquire by issuing shares of stock. In Germany and Japan bank loans represent an even larger share of total business funding. Smaller and more specialized sources of funding include venture capital firms and hedge funds.
Although all banks make loans, their lending practices differ, depending on the areas in which they specialize. Commercial loans, which can cover time frames ranging from a few weeks to a decade or more, are made to all kinds of businesses and represent a very important part of commercial banking worldwide. Some commercial banks devote an even greater share of their lending to real-estate financing (through mortgages and home-equity loans) or to direct consumer loans (such as personal and automobile loans). Others specialize in particular areas, such as agricultural loans or construction loans. As a general business practice, most banks do not restrict themselves to lending but acquire and hold other assets, such as government and corporate securities and foreign exchange (that is, cash or securities denominated in foreign currency units).
Historical development
Early banking
Some authorities, relying upon a broad definition of banking that equates it with any sort of intermediation activity, trace banking as far back as ancient Mesopotamia, where temples, royal palaces, and some private houses served as storage facilities for valuable commodities such as grain, the ownership of which could be transferred by means of written receipts. There are records of loans by the temples of Babylon as early as 2000 bce; temples were considered especially safe depositories because, as they were sacred places watched over by gods, their contents were believed to be protected from theft. Companies of traders in ancient times provided banking services that were connected with the buying and selling of goods.
Many of these early "protobanks" dealt primarily in coin and bullion, much of their business being money changing and the supplying of foreign and domestic coin of the correct weight and fineness. Full-fledged banks did not emerge until medieval times, with the formation of organizations specializing in the depositing and lending of money and the creation of generally spendable IOUs that could serve in place of coins or other commodity moneys. In Europe so-called "merchant bankers" paralleled the development of banking by offering, for a consideration, to assist merchants in making distant payments, using bills of exchange instead of actual coin. The merchant banking business arose from the fact that many merchants traded internationally, holding assets at different points along trade routes. For a certain consideration, a merchant stood prepared to accept instructions to pay money to a named party through one of his agents elsewhere; the amount of the bill of exchange would be debited by his agent to the account of the merchant banker, who would also hope to make an additional profit from exchanging one currency against another. Because there was a possibility of loss, any profit or gain was not subject to the medieval ban on usury. There were, moreover, techniques for concealing a loan by making foreign exchange available at a distance but deferring payment for it so that the interest charge could be camouflaged as a fluctuation in the exchange rate.
The earliest genuine European banks, in contrast, dealt neither in goods nor in bills of exchange but in gold and silver coins and bullion, and they emerged in response to the risks involved in storing and transporting precious metal moneys and, often, in response to the deplorable quality of available coins, which created a demand for more reliable and uniform substitutes.
In continental Europe dealers in foreign coin, or "money changers," were among the first to offer basic banking services, while in London money "scriveners" and goldsmiths played a similar role. Money scriveners were notaries who found themselves well positioned for bringing borrowers and lenders together, while goldsmiths began their transition to banking by keeping money and valuables in safe custody for their customers. Goldsmiths also dealt in bullion and foreign exchange, acquiring and sorting coin for profit. As a means of attracting coin for sorting, they were prepared to pay a rate of interest, and it was largely in this way that they eventually began to outcompete money scriveners as deposit bankers.
Banks in Europe from the 16th century onward could be divided into two classes: exchange banks and banks of deposit. The last were banks that, besides receiving deposits, made loans and thus associated themselves with the trade and industries of a country. The exchange banks included in former years institutions such as the Bank of Hamburg and the Bank of Amsterdam. These were established to deal with foreign exchange and to facilitate trade with other countries. The others—founded at very different dates—were established as, or early became, banks of deposit, such as the Bank of England, the Bank of Venice, the Bank of Sweden, the Bank of France, the Bank of Germany, and others. Important as exchange banks were in their day, the period of their activity had generally passed by the last half of the 19th century.
In one particularly notable respect, the business carried on by the exchange banks differed from banking as generally understood at the time. Exchange banks were established for the primary purpose of turning the values with which they were entrusted into bank money—that is, into a currency that merchants accepted immediately, with no need to test the value of the coin or the bullion given to them. The value the banks provided was equal to the value they received, with the only difference being the small amount charged to their customers for performing such transactions. No exchange bank had capital of its own, nor did it require any for the performance of its business.
In every case deposit banking at first involved little more than the receipt of coins for safekeeping or warehousing, for which service depositors were required to pay a fee. By early modern times this warehousing function had given way in most cases to genuine intermediation, with deposits becoming debt, as opposed to bailment (delivery in trust) contracts, and depositors sharing in bank interest earnings instead of paying fees. (See bailment.) Concurrent with this change was the development of bank money, which had begun with transfers of deposit credits by means of oral and later written instructions to bankers and also with the endorsement and assignment of written deposit receipts; each transaction presupposed legal acknowledgement of the fungible (interchangeable) status of deposited coins. Over time, deposit transfers by means of written instructions led directly to modern checks.
The development of banknotes
Although the Bank of England is usually credited with being the source of the Western world's first widely circulated banknotes, the Stockholms Banco (Bank of Stockholm, founded in 1656 and the predecessor of the contemporary Bank of Sweden) is known to have issued banknotes several decades before the Bank of England's establishment in 1694, and some authorities claim that notes issued by the Casa di San Giorgio (Bank of Genoa, established in 1407), although payable only to specific persons, were made to circulate by means of repeated endorsements. In Asia paper money has a still longer history, its first documented use having been in China during the 9th century, when "flying money," a sort of draft or bill of exchange developed by merchants, was gradually transformed into government-issued fiat money. The 12th-century Tatar war caused the government to abuse this new financial instrument, and China thereby earned credit not merely for the world's first paper money but also for the world's first known episode of hyperinflation. Several more such episodes caused the Chinese government to cease issuing paper currency, leaving the matter to private bankers. By the late 19th century, China had developed a unique and, according to many accounts, successful bank money system, consisting of paper notes issued by unregulated local banks and redeemable in copper coin. Yet the system was undermined in the early 20th century, first by demands made by the government upon the banks and ultimately by the decision to centralize and nationalize China's paper currency system.
The development of bank money increased bankers' ability to extend credit by limiting occasions when their clients would feel the need to withdraw currency. The increasingly widespread use of bank money eventually allowed bankers to exploit the law of large numbers, whereby withdrawals would be offset by new deposits. Market competition, however, prevented banks from extending credit beyond reasonable means, and each bank set aside cash reserves, not merely to cover occasional coin withdrawals but also to settle interbank accounts. Bankers generally found it to be in their interest to receive, on deposit, checks drawn upon or notes issued by rivals in good standing; it became a standard practice for such notes or checks to be cleared (that is, returned to their sources) on a routine (usually daily) basis, where the net amounts due would be settled in coin or bullion. Starting in the late 18th century, bankers found that they could further economize on cash reserves by setting up clearinghouses in major cities to manage nonlocal bank money clearings and settlements, as doing so allowed further advantage to be taken of opportunities for "netting out" offsetting items, that is, offsetting gross credits with gross debits, leaving net dues alone to be settled with specie (coin money). Clearinghouses were the precursors to contemporary institutions such as clearing banks, automated clearinghouses, and the Bank for International Settlements. Other financial innovations, such as the development of bailment and bank money, created efficiencies in transactions that complemented the process of industrialization. In fact, many economists, starting with the Scottish philosopher Adam Smith, have attributed to banks a crucial role in promoting industrialization.


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Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
Notification of Rights Under FERPA
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) affords students certain rights with respect to their education records. These rights include:
(1)The right to inspect and review the student's education records within 45 days of the day the College receives a request for access.
A student should submit to the Registrar a written request that identifies the record(s) the student wishes to inspect. The request must be made in person and the student will be required to present appropriate identification. The Registrar will make arrangements for access and notify the student of the time and place where the records may be inspected.
(2) The right to request the amendment of the student's education records that the student believes are inaccurate, misleading, or otherwise in violation of the student's privacy rights under FERPA.
A student who wishes to ask the College to amend a record should write the Registrar, clearly identify the part of the record the student wants changed, and specify why it should be changed.
If the College decides not to amend the record as requested, the College will notify the student in writing of the decision and the student's right to a hearing regarding the request for amendment. Additional information regarding the hearing procedures will be provided to the student when notified of the right to a hearing.
(3) The right to provide written consent before the College discloses personally identifiable information from the student's education records, except to the extent that FERPA authorizes disclosure without consent.
The College discloses education records without a student's prior written consent under the FERPA exception for disclosure to school officials with legitimate educational interests. A school official is a person employed by the College or the University in an administrative, supervisory, academic or research, or support staff position (including law enforcement unit personnel and health staff); a person or company with whom the College has contracted as its agent to provide a service instead of using College employees or officials (such as an attorney, auditor, or collection agent); a person serving on the Board of Trustees; or a student serving on an official committee, such as a disciplinary or grievance committee, or assisting another school official in performing his or her tasks.
A school official has a legitimate educational interest if the official needs to review an education record in order to fulfill his or her professional responsibilities for the College or University.
Upon request, the College also discloses education records without consent to officials of another school in which a student seeks to enroll.
Also in accordance with FERPA, Barnard has the right to make public, at its discretion and without prior authorization from the student, the following information: name; class; home or college address and telephone number; email address; major field; date and place of birth; dates of attendance at Barnard; degrees; honors and awards received; previous school most recently attended; participation in officially recognized activities and sports; and photograph. . The law also gives students the right to place limitations on the release of this information. A student who wishes to have directory information withheld must notify the Registrar each year by September 15.
(4) The right to file a complaint with the U.S. Department of Education concerning alleged failures by the College to comply with the requirements of FERPA. The name and address of the Office that administers FERPA is:
Family Policy Compliance Office U.S. Department of Education 400 Maryland Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20202-5901
More information on FERPA is available in the College's Policy and Guidelines Regarding Student Records Under FERPA.
Effective Date: August 2011

subset: commoncrawl


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Vehicle Name: Porsche Panamera,Body Style: Hatchback,Drivetrain: All Wheel Drive,EPA Classification: Large Cars,Passenger Capacity: 4,Base Curb Weight: 4784,Fuel Economy Est-Combined: 23,Engine Order Code: ,Engine Type: Twin Turbo Gas/Electric V-6,Displacement: 2.9 L/177,Fuel System: Gasoline Direct Injection,SAE Net Horsepower @ RPM: 457 @ 6000,SAE Net Torque @ RPM: 516 @ 4500,Trans Order Code: G1G,Trans Type: 8,Trans Description Cont.: Auto-Shift Manual w/OD,Trans Description Cont. Again: ,First Gear Ratio (:1): 5.97,Second Gear Ratio (:1): 3.24,Third Gear Ratio (:1): 2.08,Fourth Gear Ratio (:1): 1.42,Fifth Gear Ratio (:1): 1.05,Sixth Gear Ratio (:1): 0.84,Reverse Ratio (:1): 5.22,Final Drive Axle Ratio (:1): 3.36,Suspension Type - Front: Double Wishbone,Suspension Type - Rear: Multi-Link,Suspension Type - Front (Cont.): Double Wishbone,Suspension Type - Rear (Cont.): Multi-Link,Front Tire Order Code: ,Rear Tire Order Code: ,Spare Tire Order Code: ,Front Tire Size: P265/45YR19,Rear Tire Size: P295/40YR19,Spare Tire Size: ,Front Wheel Size: 19 X 9,Rear Wheel Size: 19 X 10.5,Spare Wheel Size: ,Front Wheel Material: Aluminum,Rear Wheel Material: Aluminum,Spare Wheel Material: ,Steering Type: Rack-Pinion,Turning Diameter - Curb to Curb: 39,Brake Type: 4-Wheel Disc,Brake ABS System: 4-Wheel,Disc - Front (Yes or ): Yes,Disc - Rear (Yes or ): Yes,Front Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness: 15.4,Rear Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness: 14.4,Drum - Rear (Yes or ): ,Rear Drum Diam x Width: ,Fuel Tank Capacity, Approx: 21.1,Wheelbase: 116.1,Length, Overall: 198.8,Width, Max w/o mirrors: 76.3,Height, Overall: 56,Track Width, Front: 65.8,Track Width, Rear: 65,Cargo Volume with Rear Seat Up: 14.3,Cargo Volume with Rear Seat Down: 44,Seventh Gear Ratio (:1): 0.68,Eighth Gear Ratio (:1): 0.53,EPA MPG Equivalent - Combined: 51,Model Group: Panamera,Vehicle Segment: Luxury High,Vehicle Type: Hatchback,Engine Displacement Units: 2.9,Engine Camshaft: DOHC,Engine Block Type: aluminum,Engine Cylinder Count: 6,Engine Valve Count: 4,Country of Origin: Germany Porsche
Wheel Center Caps with Colored Porsche Crest
Volcano Grey Metallic
Steering Wheel Heating
21" 911 Turbo Design Wheels
Supply Cable for Hardwired Installation
ParkAssist (Front and Rear) incl. Surround View
Standard Interior in Black
Panamera 4 E-Hybrid
Head-Up Display
Premium Package Plus
Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price. Excludes options; taxes; title; registration; delivery, processing and handling fee; dealer charges. Dealer sets actual selling price. While great effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information on this site, errors do occur so please verify information with a customer service rep. This is easily done by calling us at (888) 893-6299 or by visiting us at the dealership.
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Our new facility paired with our expert sales staff creates a sensational Porsche buying experience for our customers. We hope to make you feel like a welcome member of our extended family circle. When you're ready to purchase your next vehicle, or when you need service on your current vehicle, we invite you to come to visit our dealership and encounter this exceptional Porsche experience for yourself.
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4006 Carver Drive • Atlanta, GA 30360Get Directions
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Phone: (888) 893-6299http://maps.google.com/?q=4006%20Carver%20Drive%2C%20Atlanta%2C%20GA%2030360


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Experience an even more intuitive touch panel technology with the PowerShot ELPH 500 HS digital camera. Do almost everything right on the LCD - like choosing an AF point, set exposure settings and record videos - all with the touch of one finger. The PowerShot ELPH 500 HS brings the art of photography at your command. It's packed with great Canon essentials like an f/2.0 lens, the HS SYSTEM, 1080p Full HD video and 24mm Wide-Angle Lens so every moment is captured in pure Canon brilliance.
Experience the Power.Canon's HS SYSTEM with a 12.1 Megapixel CMOS and DIGIC 4 Image Processor improves shooting in low-light situations without the need for a flash and lowers noise levels at higher ISO settings. The Canon HS SYSTEM takes the frustration out of low light shooting. The system delivers clear, blur-free shots with all the ambiance intact, and frees you from the sometimes unwanted effects of using the flash. Beautiful low light shots are possible at both low and high ISO speeds, and the dynamic range is expanded to retain maximum detail in highlight and shadow areas.
The system is the result of two technologies brought together in a compact PowerShot. The first is the 12.1 Megapixel CMOS Sensor, which positions the light-receiving surface for optimal light reception. More light means clearer, blur-free images with plenty of detail and nuance, even in dark areas. Working together with the CMOS sensor to deliver the HS SYSTEM is Canon's advanced DIGIC 4 Image Processor, which actively reduces noise and delivers high speed image processing.
Memorable Moments in Spectacular Full HD.Full 1080p HD Video for exceptional quality with stereo sound, plus a dedicated movie button for easy access. Zoom optically while shooting video and keep footage stabilized with Dynamic IS. Experiencing the brilliance of Full 1080p HD video in a Canon PowerShot ELPH digital camera has never been easier. With the convenient dedicated movie button, you'll be able to instantly record everyday moments in amazing life-like realism at a push of a button. You can also operate the optical zoom while shooting video so you can get in close?but don't worry about shaky footage because Dynamic IS will help keep your videos steady!
Get the Shot You Want with Just a Touch.A large 3.2-inch touch panel LCD offers easy and intuitive operation. Experience the advancement of touch screen technology with the PowerShot ELPH 500 HS digital camera. Simply touch the screen to choose and track an AF point, change camera settings, record and play videos and much, much more! Let Canon bring the art of photography to your fingertips and have fun viewing the every day moments on a big, bright screen in amazing detail.
A Big Lens for Big Ambitions.A bright f/2.0 lens, 24mm ultra Wide-Angle lens, great for shooting portrait photography in low light conditions or using a shallow depth-of-field for great images with beautiful soft backgrounds. The PowerShot ELPH 500 HS digital camera sports an f/2.0 aperture, perfect for creating enticing portraits, by drawing attention to the face and blurring the background with its impressively shallow depth-of-field. The large aperture also does more. It lets you capture more nuances in low light shooting by using more of the available light. The 24mm ultra Wide-Angle lens puts more into every frame so you can easily photograph landscapes, tall buildings and large groups of people.
A PowerShot that Keeps Up with the Action.Get high-speed shooting in a point-and-shoot camera: High-speed Burst Mode captures 8.2fps and Super Slow Motion Movie records video at high speeds to allow slow motion playback. Sometimes, the action just won't stop for you. The PowerShot ELPH 500 HS digital camera is equipped with High-Speed Burst Mode that can capture 8.2 frames per second, letting you catch every single detail in pure Canon brilliance.
You can also add a fun slow motion effect to you videos with Super Slow Motion Movie. Super Slow Motion Movie will record your clips at a high speed so that when you watch your videos, they'll be playing in slow motion.
Clarity and Stability at Your Fingertips.4.4x Optical Zoom Lens and Optical Image Stabilizer. A 4.4x Optical Zoom lens enables you to capture subjects that are close and far away. The added bonus of an Optical Image Stabilizer ensures that every moment you photograph will come out amazingly clear and focused.
Advanced Smart AUTO for Stills and Videos that Shine.Smart AUTO intelligently selects the proper settings for the camera based on 32 predefined shooting situations. The PowerShot ELPH 500 HS digital camera takes the quality of your still images and videos to a whole new level - automatically. The camera's advanced Smart AUTO system detects a wealth of information about the scene you're shooting, then automatically selects the optimal settings for you. Now with an expanded range of 32 shooting scenarios, the camera handles a wide variety of situations, freeing you up to concentrate on composing your shot and capturing the moment you're looking for. From portraits to landscapes to action scenes, the PowerShot ELPH 500 HS digital camera has you covered whether you're shooting stills or videos.
Shoot it Your Way.Aperture- and Shutter-priority modes for extra control of your images. For photography enthusiasts, the ability to control aperture and shutter speed is key. The Aperture- and Shutter-priority modes on the Canon PowerShot ELPH 500 HS digital camera make it easy for anyone to take extra control over the look and feel of images captured.
In Aperture-priority mode, you set the aperture and the camera automatically selects an appropriate shutter speed. This lets you create sharp subjects with beautifully blurred backgrounds, and landscapes with foreground, middle ground and background all in focus.
Shutter-priority mode lets you choose a shutter speed while the camera automatically selects the aperture. Higher shutter speeds are great for catching stop-action shots of moving subjects, while lower shutter.
Easily Turn Your Memories into Videos.Movie Digest Mode records a short video clip right before shooting a still image and then combines one day's worth of clips into one video. Putting together a video containing highlights from family vacations, important occasions and other special events is now easier than you might imagine. Using the Movie Digest Mode, you can have the camera automatically record a short video clip (up to approximately 4 seconds) every time you shoot a still image. The camera will then combine an entire day's worth of clips into a single video. No editing required ? Movie Digest Mode does all the work, so you can sit back and enjoy your video!
Add some Fun to Your Photos!New scene modes, Toy Camera Effect and Monochrome, add an artistic look to your photos. Add some vintage nostalgia with Toy Camera Effect. Toy Camera Effect recreates this look by darkening the edges to make them appear as if they were photographed through a pinhole lens and adding contrast.
Monochrome lets you sway away from the usual black & white combination. Now you can choose from three single-toned effects: Black & White, Sepia or Blue to really give your photos the effect you're looking for.
Dimensions: 4. in x 2.2 in x 1. in
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The legal team for George Zimmerman released a new photo from the night Zimmerman shot and killed Trayvon Martin. The photo shows Zimmerman's lip bloody. Zimmerman's claims that he shot the unarmed, 17-year-old Martin in self-defense.
Zimmerman, the former neighborhood watch volunteer, was charged with second-degree murder. Zimmerman has pleaded not guilty and says the shooting was self-defense under the Florida's "stand your ground" law. The murder trial for Zimmerman is set for June.
Lawyers from the Martin family have yet to comment on the latest photo.


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September 24, 2017
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Alexis is founder of the Parentpreneur Accelerator and Making Greatness Ltd. He is a serial entrepreneur, with experience creating start-ups in a variety of areas, particularly in SaaS and EdTech. He is also a lucky husband and proud dad, and now helps other 'parentpreneurs' like him to achieve their dreams of having successful businesses, making a difference in the world, and spending time with the people they love.
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[Produced by Wes P with guitars by Drew Mantia]
[Verse 1: Action Bronson]
Bam Bam, yo
Sabathia money
Twist it in a bath with your honey
Don't have to ask her she do everything for me
Shine up the balls, keep 'em looking pristine
Take a chisel to the word scope a dime for a fiend
Her dream, intoxication, beaver warmer than the socks of Satan
Pasta waitin' on the table with the lobster bacon
Herb butter that was crab that made the word clutter
Maravilloso, toast it to the new summer
Rock a shirt with Secretariat on it
Seabiscuit on the dress, stay guarded like the eagle's nest
Lethal stress hand-crafted by the saucier
Carpaccio with that meat, right under horse's mane
Man of the land, there's many fish in the sea
My man D ? the V I tried to christen with tree
But still, there's nothing better than smokin' weed in a Cadillac
Closest runner-up is probably hearin' Daddy rap
[Verse 2: ProbCause]
Probable pick up the pieces, perfect pair with what you eatin'
Cleanin' that plate that we serve you
Wait 'til dessert you'll be cheesin'
Na, it ain't seasonal, prices are reasonable
They regional, Chi-town to N-Y is feedin' you
Breeding crew with the best cuts and I really wanna make that next cut
Made somethin' out of nothin' what's next up?
Let me cool that down for a sec, yup
Chillin' on that window-sill, patience for that slow-burn
Over-cooked and over-looked they chokin' on they own words
Cravin' my flavor, savor the taste to marinatin'
For ten days, Action Bronson got the lobster bakin'
How 'bout a feast, table with an extra seat
Always feed a hungry homie, happy to share the recipe, word up
I'm thinkin' about it a little longer these days
Takin' it in and I'm makin' it trend to melt the problems away
Still with my crew, thick, pass the bread
Spread the love, ash a cig
Pour the drink, lick this shit, do that shit all over again
[Verse 3: Chance the Rapper]
French Inhaling blow
An inch away from almost being unintentional
Attention all kids in the hall
You need extensive detentions and intervention
A two-week suspension and a bunch of whippins with extension cords
Chanoooo, trips to continents constant
Mix consonants and vowels and mispronounce it
Throw pronouns so profound I sound pompous
Sounds like hit records, shouts out Stef' Ponce
So protect your neck or it's all chances
Whatcha gon' do when them gold medals get to bronzin'
Double en-namedrop, threesome-themed dancers
Couple named Sandra, three of 'em flame ganja
Concerts complete carnage, what can't he conjure?
Chance'll make a zan, but you need bands ask Contra
Feel good Paris, my France smokin' on bonjour
Oops I mean hey, oops upside your noggin'
Who's outside your window? Chano smokin' a menthol
Painted caddie, a rental, ice-pick pad and a pencil
Master Roshi my master rollin' off of a Sensu
Since you were just a bastard they said the holy had sent you
[Outro: Action Bronson]
But still there's nothing better than smoking weed in a Cadillac
But still there's nothing better than smoking weed in a Cadillac
ProbCause Ft. Action Bronson and Chance the Rapper
"3 Course Meal" is the first single off ProbCause's upcoming project "The Recipe Volume 2." The project is scheduled to drop in early 2013.


text:
The Story: Aurora's hubby has always had a dirty fantasy to watch her getting fucked by a well hung black man. We hooked her up with a black stud and let him hold the camera. She was a little nervous at first, but more excited than anything. Once she got her hands wrapped around that giant cock she turned into a total nympho. She was talking dirty to her husband while he fucked her in more ways than one. You are going to love watching this dirty girl get nasty.
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18 U.S.C 2257 Compliance Statement Record-Keeping Requirements


text:
Browsing Ph.D. theses (ICM/IKL) by Title
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Now showing items 13-32 of 32
The case of travel guidebook productionAlačovska, Ana (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This thesis focuses on the production of travel guidebooks. Its aim is to explore the mutual coconstruction and entanglement of genres, producers and institutions in cultural production and cultural work. It also examines how authorial and institutional, professional and industrial selfreflexivity exists in and through ambiguous and shifting interrelations with genres and their poetics. To this end, it develops a preliminary theoretical framework for a comprehensive exploration of the complex dynamics of cultural production that is attentive to the cultural objects themselves: here, a down-market, 'uninventive' and 'heteronomous' genre known as the travel guide(book). The thesis argues that the specificity of the genre is continually contextualized and re-contextualized, qualified and re-qualified, commodified and rendered autonomous, in the daily, local, and intimate practices of guide-making. The argument presented is that the genre is not merely a backdrop for creative agency or a predetermined set of rules, but a complex entity – spatially and temporally dispersed – that affords autonomous opportunities for various modes of action, self-definition, and self-interpretation. Thus, genres are active elements or animating forces of cultural production, rather than merely outcomes of industrial dynamics. What arises from the empirical material is that cultural producers experience 'autonomy' in and through the notion of genre which itself is fuzzy, vague, tacit, implicit and often non-formalized. Nonetheless, it is obdurately present in a spectrum of strategies, rhetoric, a sense of responsibility, expertise and professionalism applied by such producers in order to explain, define and justify their practical decisions and evaluations. The first three chapters explore perceived limitations of sociological, anthropological and sociocultural paradigms of cultural production. They also indicate some potential areas for crossfertilization with genre theory, which has conceptualized the notion of genre as social action, cognitive action-schemata, and institutions that mediate between industry, producers, and audiences. The last four chapters follow and trace interpenetrating and interlocking relations between genres and institutions firstly, as they mutually and historically co-produce each other in industrial practice; secondly, as entangled in individual and professional auto-biographies with reference to the genre and its adjacent markets; and third, as embedded in actual production practices - how guidebook producers make use of and interact with the editorial brief (or institutionalized and contractually binding genre specificity) and independent genre trajectories (autonomous logic), while making daily evaluations of their work and their own professional selfreflexivity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8703
Files in this item: 1Ana_Alacovska.pdf (2.311Mb)
Krogh Petersen, Morten (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: 'Good' Outcomes – Handling Multiplicity in Government Communication This thesis examines how five Danish government organizations produce and assess communicative solutions in practice, and argues that government communication may be understood as a case of multiplicity. In the practices of producing and assessing communicative solutions it is uncertain what constitutes a 'good' outcome of government communication. This uncertainty is grasped by drawing upon analytical resources from the field of multiplicity-oriented ANT analyses. Empirically, the thesis is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted at the five government organizations. Combining empirical observations, theoretical insights, and political programmes, four 'modes of ordering' are developed and these are utilized in exploring how the multiplicity of government communication unfurls and how it is handled in practice. The thesis shows how the ordering attempts described by the four modes of ordering coexist and interfere, and it suggests the notions of 'sequencing' and 'singularizing' for understanding how the multiplicity of government communication is handled in the production and assessment of communicative solutions. The study upon which the thesis reports has been carried out in connection with a larger Industrial PhD project, entitled Measurements you can learn from, that aimed at developing, testing, and implementing new and better communication measurements. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8306
Files in this item: 1Morten_Krogh_Petersen.pdf (10.91Mb)
Strand, Robert Gavin (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this dissertation I examine the establishment of corporate social responsibility (CSR) bureaucracies at corporations and I come to consider the CSR bureaucracy as a space for reflection within the corporation. In the face of charges that bureaucracies are inherently unethical and devoid of consideration for humanistic concerns, I argue that within the large bureaucracy that is the corporation, the CSR bureaucracy can create a space in which tensions that arise from conflicting values and purposes can be identified, negotiated, and actions coordinated. I position this dissertation within the field of CSR, to which I introduce the Weberian distinction between formal and substantive rationality as means through which to identify and describe tensions that become apparent with the CSR agenda. This dissertation contains four articles, two of which draw from the engaged scholarship approach. One includes findings from a study I conducted as an action/intervention researcher with a U.S. corporation during the period in which a CSR bureaucracy was established. The other includes findings from a study of CSR focused MBA courses I instruct in which reflection is a primary learning objective. The other two articles include findings from studies I conducted to explore the establishment of a CSR position to the top management teams of U.S. and Scandinavian corporations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8462
Files in this item: 1Robert_Strand.pdf (3.503Mb)
Differentiated internationalization strategies of emerging market state-owned enterprisesLi, Ming Hua (Frederiksberg, 2014)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The rise of globalization over the past several decades has witnessed a surge of cross-border activities by emerging market firms. To a large extent, such acceleration in their overseas venturing has been precipitated by the liberalization of domestic and foreign trade regimes governing foreign direct investment. In order to compete with advanced country multinationals, emerging economy firms have increasingly leveraged a broad array of resources and organizational strategies to springboard abroad. Simultaneously, such firms are subject to dynamic shifts in their institutional terrains triggered by a plethora of heterogeneous reform treatments as their governments endeavor to modernize their economies. The initiation of these potent large-scale reforms associated with transition such as economic decentralization, market liberalization, industrial restructuring and corporate ownership reform undoubtedly exert cross-cutting and transformational impacts on the resource endowments, adaptive capabilities and strategic behaviors of emerging market firms. Given this critical phenomenon, this dissertation is motivated by the primary research question – how does institutional transition and its related change processes operate to reconfigure and alter firm resources and capabilities for internationalization? Since a significant proportion of emerging market firms are owned by governments, this thesis investigates how reforms have transformed state-owned firms' strategic characteristics for internationalization. The dissertation comprises of three research papers utilizing extensive primary fieldwork and a manually compiled panel dataset of Chinese firms to examine emerging market state-owned firms' overseas activities. The first paper is a conceptual piece which develops an overarching framework to delineate the reconfigured orchestration of multiple institutional reforms in the emerging economy context can spawn organizational diversity among state-owned firms leading to their differing outward FDI strategies. The second paper builds on this notion of organizational diversity and investigates how corporate ownership reform confers varying levels of institutional competitive advantages to marketized and non-marketized state owned firms to support their overseas venturing. It further examines how the relationship between firm ownership and outward FDI propensity is moderated by state-owned business group affiliation. The final paper studies how hybrid organizational forms arising from institutional transition such as university-run firms can evolve novel organizational features including 'incubating platforms' to launch overseas entrepreneurial spin-offs. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9113
Files in this item: 1Ming_Hua_Li.pdf (2.466Mb)
Evidence from VietnamPham, Ha Thi Van (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The thesis revolves around the internationalization of Vietnamese firms - that is, how the international competitiveness of these firms is enhanced in terms of both upstream and downstream value chain activities and the export performance implications hereof. For Vietnamese firms, as well as for other firms from emerging markets, internationalization trajectories may differ considerably from the internationalization patterns portrayed in classical theories (such as the Uppsala Model) based on observations of the internationalization of firms from Western, developed market economies. Classical theories have primarily focused on firms' marketing & sales and networking capabilities as levers of internationalization – and less on upstream capabilities, such as manufacturing and auxiliary service competencies. Likewise the situation in other emerging markets many Vietnamese firms are inserted in global value chains (GVCs) governed by multinational buyers. For these firms, manufacturing skills may be of equal - or greater - importance to export performance than the mastering of marketing & sales and networking in foreign markets. The thesis presents various theoretical perspectives on firms' internationalization – perspectives that vary in terms of their focus on either upstream or downstream activities (or, the interrelationship of these two types of activities). The thesis tries to fill out the knowledge gap as to which of these theoretical perspectives fit best the trajectories of Vietnamese manufacturing firms involved in exports. In doing so, the thesis also draws on GVC models, entrepreneurial literature, and studies of economic as well as strategic export performance. Unique survey data covering 226 Vietnamese manufacturers involved in exporting was collected through face-to-face interviews conducted in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. On the basis of these data a set of hypotheses is tested using structural equation modelling as a statistical tool. The empirical study suggests that Vietnamese firms create international competitiveness in relation to both upstream and downstream activities. Furthermore, the study suggests that upstream competitiveness of the sample firms is significantly more attractive in terms of economic export performance (export sales, profitability and growth) than downstream competitiveness. However, when export performance is measured in more far-sighted, strategic terms, there are no significant differences between the two dimensions of competitiveness. The study also reveals some interesting industry differences: for firms in the "low-tech" textiles & garments industry, upstream competitiveness has greater impact on economic export performance than downstream competitiveness. Conversely, downstream competitiveness results in a higher economic return than upstream competitiveness for firms from the "high-tech" industries of electronics and mechanical manufactures In the last part of the thesis, theoretical, empirical, and managerial implications are discussed along with conclusions and suggestions for future research. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7934
Files in this item: 1Ha_Thi_Van_Pham.pdf (3.762Mb)
Un estudio sobre emigrantes norteamericanos en un pueblo mexicanoBalslev Clausen, Helene (Frederiksberg, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Den traditionelle migrationsforskning betragter Mexico, som et typisk faktor eller transit land, samt har sit fokus på migrationsflowet fra Syd (Latinamerika) til Nord(USA). Dette case studie derimod bidrager empirisk med identifikationen af en ny type immigranter, angelsaksiske noramerikanere, som i stadigt større omfang emigrerer fra Nord(USA) til Syg(Mexico), hvilket som noget nyt også gør Mexico til et pull faktor land..... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7733
Files in this item: 1helena_balslev_clausen.pdf (5.975Mb)
Dirt, aesthetics and inclusion in public service workDahl, Dorte Boesby (Frederiksberg, 2016)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This dissertation investigates how changing management strategies in the public sector contribute to shaping and developing the 'parking attendant' as a certain sort of person in a municipal centre responsible for parking attendance. The job as parking attendant is – just as many other jobs in the public sector – the object of changing management strategies according to changing political agendas. Meanwhile, the job is also a psychologically demanding and stigmatized unskilled job in the public sector. The dissertation analyzes how parking attendants, whose job is increasingly professionalized, interact with changing management strategies by for instance resisting or avoiding them. The dissertation relies on sociological fieldwork among parking attendants and their managers. The fieldwork included shadowings of daily work, interviews, gathering of documents and participant observation at job-interviews. The analytical point of departure for the dissertation is Ian Hacking and Paul du Gay's theories of how identities are 'made up'. This sort of analysis is coupled in three articles in the dissertation to other perspectives on the relation between work and identity. These are about how employees handle stigma, which is considered in research on "Dirty Work", about how managers and employees draw upon "aesthetic labour" to meet the public's scepticism and as a means to bring down the number of assaults and finally how managememt strategies aiming at creating inclusion and diversity contribute to the making up of the parking attendant. All three analysis contribute to expand our understanding of work and identity in the public sector. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9265
Files in this item: 1Dorthe Boesby Dahl.pdf (4.542Mb)
On Second-hand Valuation PracticesLarsen, Frederik (Frederiksberg, 2015)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this thesis I address the question of how value is created in second-hand markets. Focusing on the role of charity thrift stores I present an ethnographic account of fieldwork I undertook in the Tavern Guild Community Thrift Store in San Francisco. I analyse my ethnographic findings in light of contemporary literature on values and valuations in material culture and reaching back through the anthropological literature on commodities and gift economies I build a framework around David Graeber's formulation of a concept of social, relational value. In order to structure the analysis I take Mary Douglas's seminal work on classification as a starting point and argue that the practices of valuation constitute a process of transformation form discard to commodity. To support the analysis I introduce theoretical concepts from the ethnographic literature on values, secondhand markets and valuations. Practices of categorization enable the employees to create value, but disorder is a condition of the process, which hinders the flow as well as provides opportunity for value. I describe thrift, a considered use of resources, as the main 'infravalue' that drives the valuations and allows the organization to create economic, social and emotional value. Next I zoom in on the interaction between people and objects on a micro-level. The theoretical framework here brings anthropological theory into play with actor-network theory (ANT) approaches to nonhuman actors, and I introduce the term withdrawal from object-oriented philosophy to address the agency of objects in valuations. By dividing the analysis into two parts I demonstrate in greater detail how objects as part of valuations are given agency through social entanglements, but also how the objects by their mere existence influence valuations beyond this entanglement. Their presence as more than the sum of their social relations has a profound impact on the valuations by resisting as much as partaking in the process of transformation. In the last section of the thesis I present an explorative study of the extended trajectory the objects take through markets and wholesale companies in Thailand. I discuss the role of the thrift store in the global context of second-hand exchanges and offer a critical reflection on the consequences of the proliferation of second-hand markets. The thesis provides a situated approach to the study of human-objects interactions and demonstrates that an understanding of the different forms of value that are at play reveal charity thrift organizations as important players in second-hand markets. Thrift enables the organization to salvage as many objects as possible while providing services to the community. In doing so they are vital in transforming discards into commodities for the other actors in the market. This study highlights the importance of considering materiality, and especially objecthood, in the context of second-hand markets, and suggests a situated framework for understanding the relationship between objects and practices in the broader context of material culture studies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9182
Files in this item: 1Frederik Larsen.pdf (4.499Mb)
Antecedents, processes dynamics and firm-level impactØrberg Jensen, Peter (Frederiksberg, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This PhD thesis addresses one of the most intensely debated phenomena over the past decade within the realm of international business: Firms' relocation of value chain activities to other parts in the network of multinational corporation (MNC) or to external suppliers/services providers in foreign countries (hereinafter referred to as offshoring), often to destination countries with lower cost structures. Whereas the offshoring of manufacturing tasks has existed for several decades, and has been analyzed in the international business literature, the offshoring of advanced services tasks from developed country firms to destination countries such as India, which offer an attractive cocktail of low costs and highly skilled labour, is a more recent phenomenon. The offshoring of this type of services tasks forms the subject of this PhD thesis... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7741
Files in this item: 1Peter_d_orberg_jensen.pdf (674.8Kb)
The politics of corporate responsibility: CSR and the governance of child labor and core labor rights in the 1990sNielsen, Michael E. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: 'No amount of preparation could have lessened the shock and revulsion I felt on entering a sporting-goods factory in the town of Sialkot, seventy miles from Lahore, where scores of children, most of them aged five to ten, produce soccer balls by hand for forty rupees, or about $1.20, a day. The children work eighty hours a week in near-total darkness and total silence. According to the foreman, the darkness is both an economy and a precautionary measure; child-rights activists have difficulty taking photographs and gathering evidence of wrongdoing if the lighting is poor. The silence is to ensure product quality: "If the children speak, they are not giving their complete attention to the product and are liable to make errors." The children are permitted one thirty-minute meal break each day; they are punished if they take longer. They are also punished if they fall asleep, if their workbenches are sloppy, if they waste material or miscut a pattern, if they complain of mistreatment to their parents or speak to strangers outside the factory. A partial list of "infractions" for which they may be punished is tacked to a wall near the entrance. It's a document of dubious utility: the children are illiterate. Punishments are doled out in a storage closet at the rear of the factory. There, amid bales of wadding and leather, children are hung upside down by their knees, starved, caned, or lashed.' URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7730
Files in this item: 1michael_e_nielsen.pdf (1.355Mb)
India's national Oil Company and International Activism in SudanPatey, Luke (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8166
Files in this item: 1Luke_Patey_abstract.pdf (1.045Mb)
Weller, Angeli Elizabeth (Frederiksberg, 2016)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this dissertation, I explore the practices created to manage business ethics and corporate social responsibility in multinational corporations and the relationship between them across three separate but interrelated articles. The first article suggests that these practices are resident in distinct communities of practice, and therefore there are boundaries in both meaning and identity that make alignment between them problematic. The second article looks at the boundaries between these communities by exploring the history of the professional associations in the business ethics and corporate social responsibility field in the United States, as well as their current articulations of knowledge and competence in their respective fields. The third article is a single case study of a company that purposefully aligned ethics, compliance, corporate social responsibility and sustainability practices and managers, and it explores both the enablers of alignment and the learning stages that transformed them into a single community of practice. Theoretically, this work applies communities of practice, an organizational learning theory, within the business and society field, thereby contributing a helpful lens through which to explore responsible business practices and the practitioners that create and implement them. Leveraging this perspective, this research offers a theoretical explanation about why practices are not currently aligned and illuminates both the barriers and enablers to future alignment. Practically, this work shows that boundaries exist between business ethics and corporate social responsibility practices, and calls on scholars and managers who seek alignment to both build intentional bridges between these communities and consider alternate trajectories for the evolution of these practices. Done well, learning across the boundaries between these communities of practice could in turn catalyze managers' understanding of ethics and responsibility in business. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9352
Files in this item: 1Angeli Wellern.pdf (2.001Mb)
A Case Study of Branding and Identity Struggles in a Low-Prestige OrganizationFrandsen, Sanne (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This dissertation examines the relationship between corporate branding and identity work at organizational and individual levels in the context of a lowprestige corporation. It is based on 17 months of research undertaken as an inhouse ethnographer at MGP, a European based national telecommunication corporation. The study seeks to contribute to integrated corporate branding theory by adopting a critical perspective on the intra-organizational affects of brands and branding. The dissertation contains three papers, each of which contributes to discussions within corporate branding, organizational identity and identification, as well as to literature on management control and employee resistance. The findings demonstrate that the management adopts integrated corporate branding in a hypocritical manner, while employees in response develop a cynical distance to their work. While this may be interpreted as negative consequences, the dissertation argues that these are productive and have certain advantages for the management in the given context. Thus, the findings challenge the integrated corporate branding ideal of coherence between the external and internal dimensions of corporate branding as the only productive way to create a successful corporate brand. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8366
Files in this item: 1Sanne_Frandsen.pdf (690.4Kb)
A critical political economy perspectiveBuch-Hansen, Hubert (København, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The focus of this thesis is one "component" of EC competition regulation, namely that of merger control. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7729
Files in this item: 1hubert_buch-hansen.pdf (2.956Mb)
The Semi-automatic expansion of existing terminological ontologies using knowledge patterns discovered on the WWWAn implementation and evaluationHalskov, Jakob (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The research object of this thesis is the so-called knowledge patterns and their usefulness in automatically extracting specic semantic relations from unannotated and uncategorized text on the WWW so as to facilitate semi-automatic updating and extension of existing ontological and terminological resources. The main contribution of the thesis is the implementation of a com- plete ontology extension framework called WWW2REL which is 100% based on a knowledge-poor, domain-independent processing of WWW text snippets and includes the three stages of pattern discovery, pattern ltering and relation instance ranking. Unlike most comparable systems WWW2REL is special in that it is both highly portable, can be applied to any semantic relation type and operates directly on uncategorized WWW text snippets. The system is tested on the biomedical UMLS Metathesaurus for four dierent relation types and manually evaluated by four domain experts. It is demonstrated that high precision in the task of knowledge discovery from a noisy text source can be achieved using a very simple instance relevance measure and two ranking heuristics. In contrast, many comparable systems operate on richly annotated academic text and tend to apply heuristics which are custom-tailored to a specic domain and/or relation type. When selecting the overall best ranking scheme, average system performance across all four relation types ranges between 70% to 65% of the maximum possible F-score by top 10 and top 50 relation instances, respectively. Finally, the thesis experiments also examine the portability of individ- ual knowledge patterns and of the ranking heuristics. It is concluded that synonymy KPs are the most domain independent closely followed by ISA KPs, whereas patterns for "may_prevent" and especially "induces" are more dependent on the domain. Empirical experiments also suggest that a ranking heuristic which penalizes relation instances whose arguments occur frequently in a general language corpus can be highly eective, but may need to be adapted to the domain in question. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7731
Files in this item: 1jacob_halskov.pdf (1.810Mb)
Enhancing Social Entrepreneurship and Stakeholder TheoryDacanay, Marie Lisa (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This thesis develops a framework for understanding how social enterprises engage the poor and address poverty, a pressing global problem of the 21st century. Using casebased theory building, it studies a theoretical sample of three pairs of Philippine-based social enterprises, where the poor were suppliers, workers, and customers. In half of the cases, the poor were also owners. The research studies the roles and role changes of the poor in these social enterprises, how and why these roles changed, or did not change, and the impact of the roles and role changes, if any, on the social enterprises and the poor. Data for the research was gathered mainly from key informant interviews, published and unpublished organizational documents as well as previous studies done by external consultants on the case subjects. Based on a cross case analysis of the data from the theoretical sample, the thesis develops three models of stakeholder engagement among social enterprises with the poor as primary stakeholders or SEPPS, namely: control, collaboration and empowerment. This thesis provides insights and develops propositions about the importance of stakeholder engagement and the power and limitations of these three models in bringing about social inclusion and poverty reduction. These propositions are suggested to be applicable in countries in the South other than the Philippines where systemic poverty and inequality are exacerbated by the failure of state and market institutions to address the needs of the poor. This thesis makes a contribution to social entrepreneurship and stakeholder theory. It does so by sharing a perspective from the South and giving a voice to the poor as stakeholders. The researcher notes that overall, the poor and the South are under-represented in these discourses. On the whole, social entrepreneurship theorizing has been characterized as embryonic as a topic of academic inquiry. Stakeholder engagement is considered an under-theorized area in stakeholder theory. In developing a framework for understanding stakeholder engagement models involving the poor, this thesis makes a first step towards applying and extending stakeholder theory in SEPPS. The thesis likewise enriches social entrepreneurship theory by conceiving of SEPPS as a global social enterprise model that catalyzes South-North cooperation to address poverty and inequality. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8513
Files in this item: 1Marie_Lisa_Dacanay.pdf (2.477Mb)
In the Textile and Fashion IndustryAndersen, Kirsti Reitan (Frederiksberg, 2017)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The publication of the Brundtland Report in 1987 put the topic of sustainable development on the political and corporate agenda. Defining sustainable development as "a development that meets the needs of the future without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (WCED, 1987, p. 43), the Report also put a positive spin on the issue of sustainability by upholding capitalist beliefs in the possibility of infinite growth in a world of finite resources. While growth has delivered benefits, however, it has done so unequally and unsustainably. This thesis focuses on the textile and fashion industry, one of the world's most polluting industries and an industry to some degree notorious for leading the 'race to the bottom' in global labour standards. Despite being faced with increasing demands to practise sustainability, most textile and fashion companies continue to fail undertake the changes that are necessary to achieve greater sustainability—or at best continue to struggle in a globalized and highly interconnected industry to implement the necessary changes. In light of this failure, this thesis investigates how organizations can change towards practising sustainability, focusing on the potential of taking a design approach to bringing about processes of organizational change. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9444
Files in this item: 1Kirsti Reitan Andersen.pdf (3.488Mb)
A Performative ApproachAlbu, Oana Brindusa (Frederiksberg, 2014)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This dissertation provides a critical analysis of transparency in the context of organizing. The empirical material is based on qualitative studies of international cooperative organizations. The dissertation seeks to contribute to transparency and organizing scholarship by adopting a communication centred approach to explore the implications of pursuing ideals of transparency in organizational relationships. The dissertation is comprised of four papers each contributing to extant debates in organizational studies and transparency literature. The findings indicate that transparency, in contrast to being a solution for efficiency and democratic organizing, is a communicatively contested process which may lead to unintended consequences. The dissertation shows that transparency is performative: it can impact authority by de/legitimating action, shape the processes of organizational identity co-construction, and its intersection with new media technologies can create tensions. Thus, the dissertation questions instrumental tendencies which regard transparency as full disclosure, the opposite of secrecy, and a way to achieve a consistent organizational identity. The dissertation provides a framework of organizational transparency which underlines its negotiated, power-infused and paradoxical nature. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8916
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An Ethnographic Study of Trust, Distance, Control, Culture and Boundary Spanning within Offshore Outsourcing of IT ServicesTøth, Thomas (Frederiksberg, 2015)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This PhD dissertation is an ethnographic field study of the collaboration between Berlingske Media, one of the leading media companies in Denmark, and their Indian IT service provider, HCL – one of the largest IT service providers worldwide. The dissertation studies the day-to-day operational collaboration between actors from the client organization and the vendor organization in order to understand how vendor-side actors, as individuals and as a collective, can be constructed as trustworthy collaborators in the eyes of the client-side actors. While trust is the theoretical epicenter of this thesis it is, in acknowledgement of the contextual and dynamic nature of trust, subjected to an interdisciplinary analytical framework. Thus, the four analytical chapters in Part II introduce four different factors that influence the client-side actors' perceptions of vendor-side actors' trustworthiness: distance, control, culture and boundary spanning. The analytical conclusions are summarized in Part III of the dissertation. Based on these analytical conclusions a number of practice-oriented suggestions on how the client-side actors' perceptions of the vendor-side's trustworthiness can be improved are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the theoretical implications are presented and discussed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9115
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Exploring Fashion Industry Business Models and the Circular EconomyHvass, Kerli Kant (Frederiksberg, 2016)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This dissertation examines post-consumer textile waste from the fashion industry's perspective, and addresses how business model innovation can facilitate reuse and recycling of garments and a transition towards a circular economy of fashion. Focusing on the emerging reuse and recycling practices of fashion brands the study builds upon one explorative and two in-depth case studies of industry pioneers and their endeavors of integrating reuse and recycling activities in their business models. Theoretically the study rests on business models, business model innovation for sustainability and circular economy. The study seeks to provide a unique contribution as it synthesizes the theoretical and empirical insights from the field of business model innovation and circular economy in the context of post-consumer textile waste. By highlighting and extending the idea of business model innovation for circular economy it makes a justification that product end-of-life phases require attention and can include new value propositions that companies can create, deliver and capture. This dissertation contains three articles, each of which contributes to an improved understanding of post-consumer textile waste management in the context of the fashion industry and its related opportunities and challenges. The findings cover both broad industry-level and more specific company-level discoveries. The industry-level findings provide a general understanding of existing practices among fashion companies while the company specific findings identify key issues and challenges of integrating a product's end-of-life aspects in an existing business model. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that end-of-life management of products is an emerging field among fashion companies and used garments can provide new value propositions for fashion brands. The findings also illustrate that the field is in its infancy and lacks best practices within business models, supply chain infrastructure, technological solutions and consumer engagement. Transition towards a circular economy implies full systemic change, and innovation not only in business models, but also in technologies, society, policies and finance methods as well as consumer behavior. None of these aspects can work in isolation and require that different stakeholders work in tandem. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9282
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One Journey Ends & Another Begins
21 June 2011 11:21:20 | Comments (1)
There are a few moments in my life that are seared into memory with a jumble of mixed emotion. Today is one of those days. After months of prayerful consideration, this morning I announced my resignation from Sleeping Giant Studios, LLC. June 30th will be my last day of full-time employment.
The past six years have been an amazing time of learning, growing and working toward better websites and better web applications for our many fantastic clients. We've learned so much together and we've built many amazing things together. I'm confident that Sleeping Giant will continue to provide the absolute best quality and service for many years to come. It just isn't in their character to do otherwise.
My season at Sleeping Giant has also been a time of growing intimacy and community with a group of guys—and their families—that I'll never forget. Everyone at Sleeping Giant has become family to Erica and me. We will miss you all dearly. I'm most thankful for the opportunity I had to work for "the world's best boss." I've said before and I'll say it again, if I were ever to have employees working for me I hope I could run my shop half as well as Jon Hage has run his. Thank you, Jon, for being incredible.
With the sadness of leaving comes the excitement of starting something new. I'm pleased to announce that I'm going out on my own as a freelance web craftsman. I'll be focusing my services toward front end design and development, WordPress consulting and a bit of server administration here and there. Of course, there are countless details to square away during this transition. Keep watching this space for more news about the new venture. I'm sure it will be interesting to say the least.


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So it occurred to me I was assigning the full error on the segment time, but assuming the lap time was correct.
Back when I was making suffer score test files, I used a 3 second sampling time, the same as is used by my Android phone. Since each sample represents 3 seconds of ride data and since there are 3600 seconds in an hour, I generated 1200 samples. I figured I was calculating the suffer score associated with exactly a one-hour (3600 second) ride.
But to my surprise, the rides reported a duration of only 1197 seconds. Strava was taking the difference between the first and last point, not included the time included in the first point.
So with this experience, I went into the FIT file itself (using fitdump) and checked what the lap time was. The result: 18:14.55. Ah! So it turned out the difference between the segment time and the actual time I recorded with my lap timer wasn't quite ten seconds after all: it was only 7.45 seconds. That's still a big error, and the conclusion still applies you should use your lap timer, but you can't trust strava to report the proper lap time.
Suppose I have ten data points taken at 3 second intervals. Here's the points along with the lap numbers.
3 1
6 1
9 1
12 1
15 1
18 2
21 2
24 3
27 3
30 3
With Strava's apparent approach, the first lap was 15 - 3 seconds = 12 seconds, the second lap was 21 - 18 = 3 seconds, and the third lap is 30 - 24 seconds = 6 seconds. If I add these up I get 12 + 3 + 6 seconds = 21 seconds. Strava would then calculate the ride time as 30 seconds - 3 seconds = 27 seconds. So I've lost 6 seconds: one sampling time for each time I've hit the lap button.
Back to my ride: lap 1 = 56:13, lap 2 = 18:12, lap 3 = 68:54. That's, 2:23:19. But my ride time is reported as 2:23:28. So I lost 9 seconds there.
I checked and my Garmin was on "smart sampling". Whoops. That means while it typically samples at one-second intervals, if nothing interesting is happening according to its assessment then it goes to a longer sampling interval.
Here's the sample intervals found in my file:
Honestly I though I'd shut smart sampling off. One thing it's important to remember is Strava doesn't like smart sampling. So why have I been so stupid to use smart sampling?
Honestly I didn't try. I'n running version 2.60 of the Edge 500 firmware. At that time, sampling time wasn't an option: if you used a power meter you got one second sampling, but if no power meter was detected you got "smart" sampling. Garmin figured the only remotely sophisticated data analysis was being done to power data.
But that was pre-Strava: now position data is also very important. So it's time I upgrade my firmware... the option to force one-second sampling was put in in version 2.70, and they're already up to 2.80, so I'm upgrading my firmware as I type this.
So basically Strava is makes a lower-bound assumption on each lap time, and this will result in the sum of lap times being less than total ride time (assuming multiple laps). This is especially an issue if using a smart phone with a long sampling interval, or if you're using a Garmin Edge 500 with firmare version 2.60 or older. In either case the precise lap time is stored in the FIT file as a lap record. But Strava doesn't pay attention to this number, instead calculating lap times based on the difference between the first and last sample in the interval.


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Dr. Steve says: Dogs love to forage for their food...and the Molecuball provides a realistic foraging experience. No more "free lunches"...dogs have to work for their food and, in the process, gain healthy mental/physical stimulation and slower feeding, which results in better digestion and absorption of food nutrients.
Molecuball interactive toys have been designed with a fundamental understanding of your dog's biological behavior, preying instincts, unique senses and physical capabilities and needs. Molecuball interactive toys stimulate and reward positive mental and physical activity through tactile feel, aroma, movement and treat rewards.
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Topic: For anyone who is into comic books--Michael Turner's passing
My wife just told me that Michael Turner passed away yesterday. Very sad. I didn't even know he had cancer at all. She was telling me that's why the comic book Fathom was always so late coming out, because of all the stuff he had to deal with, with the cancer treatments and all. I was checking out his wikipedia entry and I didn't realize how much stuff they had cut out of his body during the first surgery to get rid of it.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Tu … 8comics%29
It sounds really, really painful. You'd think that with all the tech we have in the world today, that we would've found a cure for something that has been around for hundreds of years. For anyone who has lost anyone to cancer, then you'll understand, it's just a very sad thing to watch. I wish his family all the best through this.
"I'm just a simple Fan, trying to make my way in the universe."


text: Tubal Reversal Surgery Tubal surgery is sometimes performed to reverse a previous tubal ligation (tied tubes). Tubal reanastomosis (surgically "reconnecting" the tubes") is a reversal of tubal sterilization performed using either microsurgical tubal surgery techniques (laparoscopy) or laparotomy. Dr. Halina Wyczyk and Dr. Cynthia Sites, at Baystate Reproductive Medicine, are the only reproductive surgeons in western Massachusetts offering microsurgical tubal reversal. In the state of Massachusetts, health insurance will not cover tubal reversal surgery, which presently costs approximately ten thousand dollars. Tubal surgery to reconnect the tubes is more complex than tubal ligation. Tubal ligation involves tying, clipping, banding, or burning of the fallopian tubes. Tubal reanastomosis involves the use of very thin micro sutures to carefully reconnect the tubes. This type of tubal surgery requires the use of an operating microscope, or another magnifying source, to visualize the fallopian tubes, so it may take from two to three hours to perform. Tubal surgery can be performed through a small incision (mini-laparotomy); however, due to the length of operating time, patients need to spend one night in the hospital to recover. Tubal surgery via mini-laparotomy requires that patients be restricted from lifting and exercising for at least two weeks after surgery. Patients usually require pain medication after surgery for a few days. The success of tubal reversal surgery is dependent upon several factors. One is the amount of fallopian tube remaining after the sterilization. If at least 4 centimeters of healthy tube is present after Fallopian tubes are put back together, then pregnancy is more likely to occur. The amount of tube remaining can usually be determined by reviewing the operative report from the tubal ligation operation. If the tubal ligation surgery involved the use of cautery or burning of the fallopian tube, then the pregnancy rates after tubal reversal surgery may be lower. Many patients are more likely to achieve pregnancy by undergoing In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). Patients who are older than 38 may be encouraged to undergo IVF rather than tubal surgery. Additional tests such as a hysterosalpingogram to evaluate the uterine cavity, hormonal tests and sperm evaluation will also be needed. Age is a significant factor for successful tubal reversal surgery. Younger women can attempt multiple natural intercourse cycles after tubal reversal surgery whereas older women may be limited by declining egg quality. Tubal surgery may present a higher risk of ectopic pregnancy (i.e. tubal pregnancy) compared to IVF. An early pregnancy test and ultrasound evaluation can help make the diagnosis. Frequently, early therapy (with either surgery or medication) can save the involved fallopian tube.


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" Oddly here, and this speaks to how silly the economic discussion has become, founder Mark
Zuckerberg is being lionized for the presumed $ 1 billion in capital gains taxes he'll pay the feds.
Saverin's avoidance plan means more capital for business growth while Zuckerberg's non-
avoidance ensures more feeding of the beast, yet Saverin's the bad guy? Yes, very odd. "
Good for Eduardo , good for us all .
TAX AVOIDANCE : It's everyone's responsibility .


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I never regretted making the move for that job.
Kristina Murphy Leslie '86 (economics) didn't set out to be CFO of a high-profile company such as DreamWorks. And the thought of working in the entertainment business never crossed her mind.
Leslie grew up in Short Hills, N.J., a short drive from New York City, where her father was a partner in the private banking firm Brown Brothers Harriman. Undecided in her career direction, she pursued economics at Bucknell because it would give her fundamental business training while allowing her to take courses in other areas of interest. Ultimately, she followed her father to Wall Street, working as a financial analyst for Shearson Lehman Brothers. After earning a master's from Columbia University, she married another New Jersey-born Bucknell economics major, Reid Leslie '86, and began looking for treasury jobs in New York.
She found one at Paramount Communications, the parent company of Paramount Pictures, Simon & Schuster, Madison Square Garden and other sports and entertainment properties.
"I never ever thought about working in entertainment because I grew up on the East Coast, and I don't think you think of that generally," Leslie says. "But when I got there, it dawned on me that a treasury job is a treasury job. Wouldn't it be more interesting doing it in an entertainment company?"
Within a few years, her former boss at Paramount, Ronald Nelson, was pushing for her to join DreamWorks, which was then in its infancy. After politely rebuffing a few offers, Kris and Reid relented. They uprooted their young family — their sons were ages 3 and 1 at the time; a third son would be born two years later — and left New York City for the unknown environs of the West Coast.
Starting as head of corporate finance and strategic planning, Leslie became CFO in 2003 and oversaw the reorganization of the company and the $840 million initial public offering of its biggest piece, DreamWorks Animation (DWA). As CFO of DWA she negotiated the sale of DreamWorks Studios to Viacom and helped steer the company through a series of very public lawsuits and an SEC inquiry, all of which were resolved in DWA's favor. She retired in 2007.
"It was the most amazing period in my life," she says. "The opportunities, what I learned, the people I met, the incredible challenges, those were experiences I'll never forget. There were great high points and terrible low points, but I felt good when I left.
"I never regretted making the move for that job."
Posted March 2013


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Putting the garden to bed for the winter is a matter of cleaning up and covering up. Horticulturists with Iowa State University Extension and Outreach have recommendations on cutting foliage as part of fall cleanup. To have other fall garden questions answered, contact the Iowa Hortline at firstname.lastname@example.com or call 515-294-3108.
When should I cut back my ornamental grasses?
Many ornamental grasses provide color, sound and movement to the winter landscape. Because of these winter features, cut back ornamental grasses in April in Iowa. Cut back the grasses to within 2 to 4 inches of the ground with hand shears, lopping shears or hedge trimmers.
When can I cut back peony foliage?
Cut back peony foliage after it has been destroyed by a hard freeze. In Iowa, late October or early November is generally a good time to cut back peonies. Cut off the stems near ground level. If the peonies experienced foliar disease problems, remove the plant debris from the area and destroy it.
Plants cut back in August or early September may have fewer blooms that those cut back in fall.
When can I cut back my asparagus foliage?
The asparagus foliage can be cut back to the ground after it has been destroyed by cold temperatures in fall. However, it is generally recommended that the dead foliage be allowed to stand over winter. The dead debris will catch and hold snow. Snow cover helps protect the asparagus crowns from freeze damage. Asparagus foliage allowed to remain in the garden over winter should be removed in late March or early April before spears begin to emerge.
Should I cut back my mums in fall?
Garden mums have shallow, fibrous roots. Repeated freezing and thawing of the soil during the winter months can heave plants out of the ground and cause severe damage or even death. Research has found that garden mums are more likely to survive the winter when plants are left standing over winter. For additional winter protection, cover garden mums with several inches of straw or pine needles in late November or early December. Remove the mulch in early spring (April). Also remove the dead mum debris at this time.


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Catalog Details
AN3500 - Illness, Wellness, and Healing
Credits: 3
Concepts of illness, wellness, and healing reflect the societies and cultures in which they are found. Compares ways in which a variety of Western (e.g., France, Germany, United States) and non-Western (South American, African) societies and cultures think about and institutionalize health and illness. Selected topics include: changing health and nutritional status from human prehistory to the present, social and cultural definitions of health and illness, ritual healing practices, ethnomedicine, the relationships of social organization and stratification to health and illness; and the social and personal construction of medical knowledge. Not open to students who have taken Medical Anthropology. Fall of odd years. Prerequisite(s): AN 2210 or SO 2220. (WECO)


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Brandin Brosh
- 'Married at First Sight' star Elizabeth Bice gushes about being in love with Jamie Thompson
- 'Big Brother' recap: Kathryn Dunn wins Power of Veto, Nicole Anthony goes up on the block
- 'Married at First Sight' recap: Amber overreacts to Matt wanting space, Iris finds empty condoms box, Greg hopes for more intimacy
- Hannah Brown teases 'The Bachelorette' finale: It won't disappoint, there's a reason it needs two nights!
- 'The Bachelorette' spoilers: Hannah Brown's winner pick, bachelor runner-up, and shocking new engagement status spoilers revealed!
- 'Married at First Sight' star Keith Manley talks marriage expectations and Iris Caldwell's virginity (Exclusive)
- 'The Bachelorette' alum Wells Adams and actress Sarah Hyland are engaged!
- 'Married at First Sight' Couples Now: What couples are still together? Where are they now? (PHOTOS)
- 'The Bachelorette' two-night finale event formally announced by ABC


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RenoSys Corp. fixes old pools with a full range of swimming pool renovation products for club pools. RenoSys features the RenoSys PVC Pool Shell, a reinforced 60-mil thick commercial PVC pool membrane system that is melted together and upholstered inside the pool making the pool watertight and safer, and lowering swimming pool maintenance costs.
The Summit Series of above-grade stainless steel spas and pools offers club owners a turnkey pool for new construction or retrofit of existing facilities.
For leaking or slippery pool or locker room decks, RenoSys offers the 85 mil thick RecDeck PVC Leisure Flooring System, which provides a highly slip-resistant watertight surface. It is available in several attractive colors. RecDeck is also perfect for locker rooms and, with the addition of foam, aerobic floor areas.
RenoSys also offers stainless and PVC gutters, aquatic equipment, grating, aquatic safety padding and offers club owners free design assistance.
About RenoSys Corp.: RenoSys Corp. is a renovator and builder of club pools.
Booth No. 1334