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History of Ohio Northern University
In March 1866 a slight, 28-year-old man detrained at the Ada depot. A casual observer could easily have overlooked Henry Solomon Lehr, a recently discharged Union veteran. He had come to northwestern Ohio in search of a site for his projected university. That same observer might well have smiled if he knew of Lehr's ambition since neither he nor the rough village of Ada showed obvious promise.
Lehr's Select School
The members of the Ada school board were, however, sufficiently impressed to hire him as their schoolmaster. This was with the understanding that he would be able to use the facilities after classes to teach a "select school" for those wishing education beyond that offered during the day. As his reputation grew throughout the area, the number of select school students increased, and in 1870, Lehr felt sufficiently well established to approach the citizens of Ada for funds to purchase land for a campus and an academic building. In August of 1871, the Northwestern Ohio Normal School, later Ohio Northern University, was launched.
The period after the Civil War saw dramatic changes in American higher education as a re-united nation was transformed by industrialization and urbanization. A more educated populace was needed, and the sciences and modern languages rose in importance in college curricula to equal footing with the humanities, religion, and classical languages. Lehr was receptive to the needs of the new era, and he crafted an institution with those needs in mind. He also bore in mind his own educational experiences, both as a student and teacher, and this, in turn, shaped his philosophy.
Educational Philosophy
Coming from a poor family, young Henry's schooling was formed by his need to support himself. He strove to keep tuition at Northern as low as possible, and as a country schoolmaster, realized that in order to be accessible to most Americans, his institution's calendar and curriculum would require considerable flexibility. The curriculum offered was clearly and unabashedly practical. As the schools first catalog noted:
It is the design of the Institution to provide ... an education that will fit the rising generation to discharge life's duties with credit to themselves, honor to their parents, and benefit to humanity.
While a student at Mount Union College, Lehr absorbed the concept of education as a democratizing force. Side-stepping the debate over whether women should be admitted as students, Northern, from its inception, was co-educational in both its student body and faculty. It is also worth noting that, although Lehr was a man of strong religious convictions, the school was not established with a specific religious affiliation, nor has it subsequently sought to limit admission according to church membership.
Need for Change
Lehr realized that to succeed, Northern would have to adapt its curriculum to society's needs. Although founded as a normal school, an institution for training teachers, Ohio Northern had, by the mid-1880s, added programs in pharmacy, engineering, law and business. The early curriculum was also distinguished by a willingness to experiment, although some efforts, like the College of Agriculture, failed to take root. This experimental approach and a willingness to adapt the curriculum to contemporary needs has long been a hallmark of Ohio Northern.
Northern in the 1870s
Northern's earliest years were a trial for both the institution and its founder. Classes began at the new institution on Monday, Aug. 14, 1871, though not without difficulties. Due to delays in finishing the Normal School Building, the 147 students enrolled found themselves temporarily relegated to downtown stores and local churches. Not until Oct. 16 were the first classes taught in the building, and even then the interior was incomplete. Lehr had recently rushed to finish his own degree at Mt. Union prior to the start of classes. He also had to pressure the contractor to fulfill his obligations, recruit a faculty, and see to the furnishing of the classrooms and to the printing of the school's catalog. Lehr was, in short, creating an educational institution literally from the ground up. In these early years, Lehr taught beginning at 5 a.m., and several weeks into the first fall term, he collapsed while conducting classes, possibly under the strain of the ordeal. After a brief recovery, he resumed his duties.
The 1880s
By the 1880s, with the problems attending its founding largely behind it, Ohio Northern entered a period of growth and curricular diversification, which gave permanence to Lehr's original vision. This happy situation was reflected by the trustees' decision in the spring of 1885 to change the institution's name from the Northwestern Ohio Normal School to Ohio Normal University. The catalog for that year cited the growth of the curriculum as the first reason for the change, and it was also true that student recruitment was no longer limited to the northwestern corner of the state. Likewise, there was pressure from the students themselves to change the school's name. They wished their alma mater to join the ranks of more prestigious institutions and felt that the addition of the term university would elevate the status of Northern.
The 1880s also saw the creation of several major programs. During this period the commercial course of the 1870s emerged as a separate college. The title page of the 1881-82 catalog cited a "Business College" at the normal. The Civil Engineering Department, first of the institution's professional programs, appeared in the 1881-82 catalog. The existence of a law department was noted in the catalog of 1884-85, and the following year the Annual Catalog listed for the first time a "School of Pharmacy." Along with medical classes, courses in chemistry and botany were offered. The decision to expand these classes into an actual college was prompted by the passage of Ohio's first pharmacy licensure act in 1884.
Change in the 1890s
In the following decade it became increasingly apparent that major changes were demanded in the way in which the institution was administered. Outside funding continued to elude Lehr and the other trustees, due, in part, to their continued control of the institution. Then too, Lehr's policy of keeping tuition low, commendable as that may have been, left the institution chronically under-funded. At the same time, larger enrollments and an expanding curriculum made finding funds for additional buildings all the more pressing. Also worth noting, President Lehr, the guiding force behind the university, was 52 years old at the beginning of the 1890s and was likely concerned about his personal longevity. Although a dedicated teaching staff assisted him, he was beginning to have concerns for the future of the institution. What would become of the university if illness removed him?
In trying to secure greater permanence for Northern, Dr. Lehr tried two approaches. In 1897, he first sought state support for the institution. When this tack failed, he agreed to sell the university to the Methodist Church. The sale was plausible given the heavy representation of Methodists among the student body. Dr. Lehr also apparently believed that he would be allowed to continue in some managerial capacity though this proved unfeasible. The actual transfer of assets was completed in 1899. He was succeeded by Dr. Leroy Belt, 1900-05 and Dr. A.E. Smith, 1905-30.
Transformation, 1900-30
The period between 1900-30 saw the institution transformed administratively, physically, and pedagogically. As rapidly as their contracts expired, faculty members were organized in a more standard departmental fashion. Under Lehr, a number of programs such as law, art, pharmacy, stenography, music, and oratory, were conducted on a semi-autonomous basis. Tuition collected in these courses was divided among the faculty with only a percent being remitted to the University. Under President Belt, all funds were sent directly to the ONU treasurer, who then paid individual professors a stipulated salary. The practice of faculty members renting books and equipment to students was also curtailed. Finally, individual professors were placed under the supervision of department chairmen.
Meanwhile, at the July 28, 1903, trustee meeting, the university's name was changed from Ohio Normal University, a name which it had borne since 1885, to Ohio Northern University. Tradition recounts that President Belt was petitioned to make the change by a group of engineering students headed by Thomas J. Smull. As participants in a professional program, they felt that the value of their degrees was lessened by their being granted from a mere "normal school." This move also reflected major academic changes underway.
The curriculum was extensively revamped during this period, again with an eye toward contemporary needs and trends. In 1904, an attempt was made to establish a joint medical program with the Fort Wayne College of Medicine in Indiana. Although this concept had potential, it proved to be very short-lived. Another innovation was the creation of a College of Agriculture in early 1911. By the fall term, nearly 300 students had enrolled in the college, and the college's farm eventually consisted of 90 acres. Although the Agriculture College failed to thrive and was disbanded in 1923, the university wisely retained ownership of the former farm. Later it formed the core of Northern's west campus.
Curriculum Changes
The curriculum adapted to contemporary developments by removing as well as adding programs. In 1925, the university's preparatory department was abolished. Since President Lehr's day, the department had served as a bridge between high school and the university. This practice had merit as long as there were few high schools, but by the 1920s, they were common in Ohio. Moreover, the practice of admitting high-school-age students to the university now detracted from the institution's academic reputation. Today, however, remedial courses and the post-secondary option mirror this earlier approach. Four years earlier, the Military Department, established under Dr. Lehr, was discontinued thus freeing resources for the rising star of varsity athletics.
Smith Administration, 1905-30
President Smith was a fund-raiser of considerable ability and stamina. During his long administration, the local newspapers were peppered with articles announcing his departure on trips to visit potential benefactors. The student body, which found itself occasionally at odds with Smith over his regulations, may well have breathed a collective sigh of relief each time his train pulled out of the Ada depot. There is, however, little doubt that his frequent journeys benefited the university. He was, for example, instrumental in creating the university's first endowment fund and raising roughly $500,000 for it.
President Smith was less successful in dealing with his exuberant and irreverent students. Although fraternities were first introduced under President Belt, Smith viewed these organizations with considerable suspicion, seeing them as a challenge to his authority, especially where the university ban on dancing was concerned. The use of alcohol and tobacco by students, both on and off campus, was also forbidden. President Smith apparently visited the Ada train station to catch intoxicated students returning from the fleshpots of Lima. The students were, at least in some cases, able to bribe the conductor to stop outside town for a hasty departure.
Great Depression
Had the university's economic situation remained stable, the next change would have been to further strengthen its academic program. The desirability of doing so had been noted in 1920s, especially in terms of gaining recognition from regional accrediting bodies. It was unfortunately necessary to delay this step for almost two decades as the Great Depression and the Second World War buffeted Ohio Northern.
Like many institutions, Northern was heavily dependent on tuition income, and the arrival of economic hard times slashed enrollments. The number of students attending dropped from a pre-depression high of 1,056 in 1928-29 to 529 in 1935. From that point, enrollments grew until, immediately prior to the Second World War, they were approaching pre-Depression levels.
President Williams, 1930-43, and the trustees enacted several measures to improve the university's finances, perhaps the most significant of which was to reduce the number of staff employed. In 1928-29, for example, Ohio Northern had 60 faculty members, but by 1934-35 this number had been reduced to 32. By the latter date, many of the administrative staff was also listed with the faculty, suggesting that the administrators were pressed into the thinned faculty ranks.
The curriculum was revised with an eye towards greater efficiency. The overall effect was to consolidate various independent academic programs in the College of Liberal Arts. One of the first units to be abolished was the College of Music. It had been formed at the very end of President Smith's administration, and, given the modest size of the program, demoting it to a department in the College of Liberal Arts was a sensible step. In 1930, the College of Education was similarly reduced to the division of teacher training. Both the School of Fine Arts and School of Oratory met a similar fate. Indeed, even the School of Commerce, a product of the Lehr era, became the department of economics and business administration within the College of Liberal Arts.
World War II
As American entry into the war became more likely, the university sought to minimize its impact by participating in several government programs. In early 1940 students began flight training under an Army Air Corps program. As the international situation grew more threatening, a ground school was added to teach non-pilots the rudiments of various aviation-related subjects. By April 1942, the Navy had approved Northern for officer training. As during the First World War, the federal government turned to schools such as Northern to provide engineering expertise. Anticipating wartime needs, the Federal Security Agency created a program to train non-students in war-related industries. Later in the war, this program was consolidated under the Engineering, Science, and Management War Training program (ESMWT). By mid-1943, the university was conducting ESMWT classes in 15 cities in the region. Between the program's beginning in January 1941 and its end on June 30, 1945, more than 5,400 individuals were enrolled in classes taught by Northern. Despite these efforts, the size of the student body dropped below the worst levels of the Depression. It appears that during the fall of 1943 only 156 students were enrolled.
Various emergency measures were enacted to deal with the crisis. The school's yearbook, the Northern, ceased publication with the 1942 issue. Next year, the student newspaper, the Northern Review, closed. The last full-sized university catalog was printed for the 1942-43 academic year. Thereafter, 30-page pamphlets were issued. At least one building, Presser Hall, was closed for most of the war. A sure indication of the seriousness of the situation was the decision, in 1943, to cancel intercollegiate sports for the balance of the war. Several changes were made to the university's calendar to accommodate wartime requirements. Restrictions were lifted regarding when students could enter Northern to permit incoming students to begin during any quarter. Course offerings were increased for the summer session, thus making the university effectively a year-round institution.
Post-war Recovery
The following year brought the first good news that been heard on the Ada campus for several years. The Serviceman's Readjustment Act of 1944, dubbed the "GI Bill of Rights" was enacted. Under Title II of the act, qualifying veterans enrolled at a college or university could receive tuition assistance. This promise of future income would be invaluable if, and this was a very big if, Northern could survive into 1945 when the returning servicemen arrived.
The university was also fortunate to have a core of faculty and administrators who were dedicated to the university. For his part, President McClure, 1943-49, served his first year in office without pay. His example was followed by others on the faculty, some of whom served either without pay or at considerably reduced salaries.
The opening of fall quarter 1945 found the university trying to cope with a sudden flood influx of students. With peace only one month old, an initial group of 30 veterans had enrolled. By the beginning of spring quarter, an estimated 325 servicemen were on campus, and overall the enrollment for the following fall was projected to be 750. By winter quarter 1946, more than 900 students were enrolled, and the fall 1948 class numbered 1,209. This influx strained the local housing market, and Northern, which at that time had no dormitories, acquired, courtesy of the federal government, an assortment of trailers and prefabricated dwellings. By the beginning of fall quarter 1946, the university had in place 114 trailers and five barrack-style dormitories for single men.
McIntosh Administration
By start of McIntosh administration in 1949, enrollment had stabilized to the extent that the institution's efforts could shift from survival to long-discussed improvements in academic programs. For the past two decades, the university had labored under the handicap of not being accredited by any regional or national agencies, but by 1958 this problem had been corrected. The professional programs first won recognition with College of Law American Bar Association accreditation in 1948, followed by the College of Pharmacy's accreditation by the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education in 1951 and the College of Engineering's approval of its programs by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology three years later. The process was completed when, in 1958, the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools accredited the undergraduate program. When the news reached campus, a joyous crowd gathered at McIntosh's home to celebrate. For his part, President McIntosh declared a free day for the campus and went out of his way to recognize the efforts of the faculty, administration, and students in securing accreditation.
It would be comforting to believe that, with its obvious crises past, Ohio Northern University entered a period of unruffled calm. In the ensuing years, however, the university has been a changing part of a vibrant and changing society. While the core liberal arts and professional programs have remained strong, new disciplines such as biochemistry and computer engineering have grown along side them. Recruiting an increasingly competent faculty for those programs and providing appropriate facilities has been a major challenge. Numerous academic buildings have been added including the science complex, chapel, library, field house and performing arts center. The new classrooms and laboratories also required increasingly sophisticated and expensive equipment, and the advent of computers and networking has emphasized this trend. Literally all of the earlier structures have been renovated. A total of eight residence halls were constructed to house a student body that grew from ca. 850 in 1951 to more than 3,000 in 1998. Room for further expansion was acquired in 1989 when an additional 120 acres south of the main campus were purchased. Whatever else Ohio Northern University may run short of, challenges are not among them.
By the time Ohio Northern University's founder retired, many of the defining characteristics of the institution were already in place. The university was committed to providing a diverse curriculum, one that combined a strong foundation in the liberal arts with a professional orientation. At the same time, efforts were made to keep the institution ecumenical in nature and to offer a student-centered educational program. The goal of these developments was and remains to graduate educated, competent, and employable practitioners in its areas of specialization. Today's university has grown within this framework.
Meyer, 1966-78, and Freed, 1979-99, Administrations
The course of Ohio Northern University's development is perhaps best summarized by the administrations of two of her two most recently retired presidents. At his inauguration, President Samuel Meyer spoke of the institution's bequest to its students of "roots and wings." His vision for Ohio Northern was that of a university capable of providing its graduates with the educational "roots" necessary for them to make their way in the world. However, he also saw the need to offer the spiritual "wings" which Northern, as a church-related institution, was able to contribute and strove to provide both to Ohio Northern's students.
Under President Meyer a long list of badly needed buildings were completed. These included the Heterick Memorial Library, Tilton College of Law, Taggart Law Library, Wesley Center, Young Building for Philosophy and Religion, Biggs Engineering Building, King-Horn Convocation Center, Park Hall, McIntosh extensions (White Bear and Wishing Well), the refurbished Taft Building, the Wilson Art Center, and the later-renamed Meyer Hall of Science. By the end of the Meyer administration in 1977, all of the private residences lying between the original campus on Main Street and the new west campus had been removed, and the intervening space completely landscaped.
As President Meyer noted in his comments at retirement, the extensive building program constituted a visible manifestation of the intangible improvements to the university's educational program. The size of the faculty was increased by over two-thirds, and the curriculum was modernized. In addition, chapters of five national honorary societies were established to recognize academic achievement and leadership, a number of student life living groups and social groups were formed and intercollegiate athletic teams were expanded.
This work of strengthening the academic program and the physical facilities of the campus was continued under President Freed who, along with his wife Catherine, quietly exemplified a spirit of Christian care and concern. His low-keyed and civil approach to campus leadership was much appreciated, as was his concern for Northern's students.
Changes in the curriculum and the continued growth of the student body required improved academic facilities. In 1982 an addition to the law library was dedicated. Three years later, the music building, Presser Hall, was renovated and enlarged; a second addition to house student practice rooms and faculty offices was added in 1998.
Due to the purchase of 120 acres south of the campus, space was available for the Freed Center for the Performing Arts. This facility included two theaters, their support facilities, broadcasting studios, and a classroom wing. It was opened in 1991. Even before the Freed Center was completed, work commenced in a 62,000 square-foot field house with an additional fitness center and improved exercise equipment.
In the 1990s additions were made to Dukes Memorial, the pharmacy building and the Wilson Art Building and the university gained the use of the Metzger Nature Center in Tuscarawas County for student and faculty environmental and biological study. A senior citizen complex where seniors and students live as neighbors in small housing was acquired in the 1990s. In 1996, ground was broken for an annex between the Biggs Engineering Building and Meyer Hall of Science. The groundbreaking, in summer 1998, for the Heterick Memorial Library expansion and a new president's home on campus marked Dr. Freed's final building projects in this extensive list.
These improvements were underwritten by two ambitious fund-raising campaigns. In the mid-1980s, an $18 million campaign was announced. At its conclusion, more than $23.5 million had been committed. Only five years later an even more ambitious enterprise, the $30 million "Campaign for the 21st Century" was launched and successfully completed.
The major improvements to the university's physical plant were joined by another development in the 1980s. It was subtle and easily overlooked but arguably as significant as the erection of any building. The use of computers, once the province of a small circle of faculty and students, began to spread throughout the institution. This change was driven by the advent of personal computers in the early 1980s, which provided an alternative to Northern's centralized mainframe machines. This was followed, in 1990-91 by the installation of a fiber-optic network on campus. Over the next four years, most buildings, residence halls included, were connected. This local network was, in turn, linked to the Internet in 1992. The university joined OhioLINK, the Internet consortium of public and private college and university libraries in Ohio, in 1995.
As networked computers became more common, they gradually began to affect the academic program. In some activities, such as the preparation of written assignments, the basic task remained unchanged, but it was greatly simplified by using computers. In disciplines such as engineering, traditional drafting tools were supplanted by computer aided design software. Finally, the university's Internet connection made the institution's rural location irrelevant by providing immediate and inexpensive communication with persons and organizations worldwide. In 1998, the first distance learning courses were offered in pharmacy.
Baker Administration, 1999-2011
On July 10, 1999, Ohio Northern's Board of Trustees announced the selection of Dr. Kendall L. Baker as the University's 10th president. At the time, Dr. Kenneth Elshoff, chair of the Presidential Search Committee, stated, "Dr. Baker's reputation as a student-centered president, his leadership capabilities, and his strong academic experience as both a teacher and administrator in higher education made him a standout candidate." Baker's first day on the job was Sept. 1, 1999. Within months, the Bakers became a well-known and oft-seen presence on campus. They attended sporting events, they went to weekly chapel services, and they witnessed performances in the Freed Center. They began eating in McIntosh's dining hall.
Perhaps it was his participation in that fall's Founders Hall Mud Volleyball Tournament that made the largest impression, showing the entire community that Ken was willing to get down and dirty to get the job done. He was officially inaugurated during a ceremony in the Sports Center on Dec. 2, 1999. During his address that day, Baker discussed the core values that define Ohio Northern: quality and excellence, student-centered programs and initiatives, Christian and values-based, and innovation and persistence.
In 1999, when the Bakers first arrived on campus, you could stand near the Freed Center for the Performing Arts in the evening, look west, and see nothing but darkness. There was open space from the Freed Center all the way back to Klinger Road. The Dicke House was not there. Dial-Roberson Stadium was not there. Neither were the University Terrace and Lakeview apartments, the new ponds, or the Remington Walk. Even the lights that line the Green Monster were installed during the Baker years. In the central campus area, the Mathile Center, Dicke Hall, and The Inn at Ohio Northern University are all new. Such is the inevitable transformation of a growing university.


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The students preformed "Katastrophe Kate" a musical by Stephen Murray. The cast includes Sabrina Nelson, Keevin Bellison, Kelly Whitehair, Jami Harvey, Sam Capitan, Quaton James, Kat Benally, Sarah McCarl, Jaz Jemmott, Tilton Dennison, Latifa Oliver, Brandon Palmer, Kathy Edaakie, Tyler Jones, Jan McCarl, Monae Primeaux, Nizhoni Spencer, Kayla Atcitty, Kadesha Holly, Ty Charley, Tsoii Hascon, Edgar Haskan, Edwin Juan, Tityona Charley, Terrill Benally, Alyssa Stash, Jonathan McCarl and Marty Sanchez.
The performance wouldn't have been a success without the help of volunteers, including Paul McCarl, Robert Hall, Carol Reynolds, Kim Schaefer and Mr. Singer.

subset: commoncrawl


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Find Our Latest Video Reviews on YouTube!
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Sunday September 16, 2012 8:05 pm
iPhone 5 GeekBench results: A6 chip is a screamer
Posted by Jason Diaz Categories: Apple, Smartphones, Handhelds
It appears that MacRumors has received word from PrimateLabs about the GeekBench scores for the iPhone 5. Apple's new smartphones will be available to the public when it launches on September 21st. In the words of late Steve Jobs, "It's a screamer!"
Clearly, iPhone 5 has more than doubled expected performance when compared to the iPhone 4S. It blows the doors off previous marks set by all previous iOS devices before it. Also, it remains at the top of the pack even when you include all current Android devices; that includes tablets like Google's Nexus 7, the quad-core ASUS Transformer Prime, and Samsung's new smartphone iteration, the Samsung Galaxy S III (also quad-core.)
Apple's efforts, with its custom designed silicon and iOS 6 performance, are clearly paying off. They are kicking ass and taking names. In simple terms, the iPhone 5 is the fastest and smoothest performing smartphone, period. All this while offering great battery life. In addition, the A6 is still technically an ARMV7 dual-core processor. We honestly can't fathom the potential results when Apple does a custom job on a quad-core A7, because we all know better than to doubt that that's currently in a Cupertino lab.
To be perfectly clear, these GeekBench results could possibly be spoofed, but John Poole of PrimateLabs believes that they are legitimate scores. Stats freaks can follow the above links to ogle over score charts and comparison results. Be sure to share your results when you get your new Precious this Friday here at Gear Live.
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The Universe: A (Brief) Owner's Manual main content.
by AMNH on
No space ship? No problem. A trip around our galaxy and beyond just takes a computer with a two-button mouse, and six easy steps. Download the Hayden Planetarium's Digital Universe—the most complete and scientifically accurate 3D atlas of our universe and you'll be on your way.
Set Up Mission Control
Your all-access pass to the universe requires at least a two-button mouse. (If you are using a Macintosh computer or laptop, be sure to enable the secondary mouse button [in System Preferences] or use the control key along with the mouse button.)
Choose the Right Universe
Head to the Museum's Digital Universe website, choose the Download tab on the left, and accept the standard license agreements. (Unless you are a data visualizer or an educator, you'll want to install just the Digital Universe.) Choose the option for your operating system, then wait for the download to complete. It may take a minute—it's only the entire observable universe!
Start Local
Once you open the Digital Universe folder, locate the Milky Way launch file. A couple of windows will open. Find the one called Partiview. You'll be able to see stars that make up our galaxy.
When the DU atlas opens, you'll get the view of someone sitting on the surface of the Sun (!), without having to suffer the 9,900-degree (Fahrenheit) temperatures. You'll start out facing Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky, and Procyon, the eighth brightest. To get a 360-degree look, move the mouse across the screen while holding down the left mouse button.
Turn Up the View
You can select up to 45 elements to add to your sky by pressing navigation buttons at the top of the screen. These include:
G1: Stars — All of the nearby stars we see in the night sky
G4: Constel — Constellations such as Orion's Belt and the Big Dipper
G7: Expl — Extrasolar planet systems—the locations of planets outside of our solar system
G8: OC — Open star clusters, loose groups of young stars within the Milky Way
G10: GC — Globular star clusters, which are just outside the Milky Way and are older and more sense than open star clusters.
Change the brightness of stars by moving the slider at the very top of the widow labeled "slum" (for star luminosity).
Steer Away from the Sun
Before you hop off the Sun to find your way around our solar neighborhood, turn off all of the groups except for G1—the stars. Just above the G1 button, you'll see a down-arrow button with (o) for orbit. Click it to see the four types of flight modes available to you in the Digital Universe.
Choose the "fly" mode, and, with the right mouse button pressed, move the mouse towards the left to reverse and fly away from the Sun. Once you're gotten some distance, go back to the flight-modes menu and select "orbit" or (o). Now you can use the left mouse button to orbit the Sun and the right button to move forward and backward.
Get Out of the Galaxy
Once you've mastered these basics, you're ready to test your skills outside of the Milky Way. Go back to the Digital Universe folder and select the ExtraGalactic command for your operating system. This opens a view with the Milky Way at the center. Now you're free to fly around and explore the outer edges of the cosmos.
Want ever more about how to master the universe? Start with the Digital Universe Guide e-book, which you'll find in the downloaded Digital Universe folder.
Download the Digital Universe here and read an interview with Hayden Planetarium Assistant Director Brian Abbott about the making of the Digital Universe. Don't forget to check out the Museum's new Space Show Dark Universe opening on Saturday, November 2, 2013.
See the Digital Universe in action at the Hayden Planetarium Tuesday, October 29. Buy tickets.


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- Knobby swollen black growths called galls grow parallel along the length of stems and branches.
- In early summer, young galls or new areas of growth on the edges of older galls are covered with velvety olive green spores.
- These galls mature by the end of the summer; turning black and hard.
- Black knots are most noticeable during winter because all the leaves are gone and the black knots stand out against the blue sky or white snow.
- Infected branches may distort and bend due to the one-sided growth happening within the gall.
- When galls completely girdle a branch, leaves on infected branches do not emerge or wilt and die in early summer.
- A few galls to hundreds of galls can be within the canopy.
- Large rough black galls that are often cracked can occur on the main trunk of the tree and may ooze sticky liquid.
M. Grabowski, UMN Extension
Dead leaves and wilting caused by a black knot gall that has girdled the branch
The fungus overwinters in the galls. During wet periods in the spring, spores are expelled and windblown to infect young green shoots or wounded branches.
Once spores germinate, the fungus grows between the plant cells with no outward signs visible on the plant for several months. During this time the parasite starts growing within the tree and releases chemicals that cause the plant to initiate excessive cell growth and enlargement that results in swollen black galls. Galls are made up of both plant and fungal tissue.
It is not uncommon for the gall to completely encircle and girdle a branch. When this happens the leaves beyond the gall wilt and die. In some cases, the branch and the gall die after spores are released in early spring. If the branch lives, the knot becomes perennial and continues to enlarge, producing new spores every spring. Although the black knot fungus will not cause trunk decay itself, the cracks formed by a trunk infection can provide an entry point for other wood rotting fungi.
M. Grabowski, UMN Extension
Large black knot gall on the main trunk of a Prunus tree.
Site and tree selection
- In areas where there are many wild Prunus sp. infected with black knot, avoid planting landscape and edible Prunus sp.
- If only a few infected wild Prunus sp. are present, prune out existing galls or completely remove infected plants to reduce the amount of fungal spores present before planting landscape and edible Prunus sp.
- Choose Prunus spp. that have some tolerance to black knot (Table 1).
- Thoroughly inspect ornamental as well as edible trees and shrubs to ensure they are disease free before purchasing them from the garden center.
Pruning out galls
The black knot fungus does not systemically infect the tree, but rather only infects the branch at and around the galls. Black knot galls can be removed from infected trees through pruning. This will improve the look of ornamental plants and reduce the amount of fungal spores produced within the tree canopy each spring. Unfortunately, black knot is a common disease of wild and landscape Prunus species in Minnesota. Even with diligent pruning, spores can be blown from infected plants far away and result in new infections. In addition, galls remain very small until a full year after infection. Therefore it may take 2 years of pruning to completely remove all existing infections as young galls are often overlooked.
- Because black knot is common throughout Minnesota, galls in landscape trees can be tolerated if the disease does not result in wilt and death of leaves and branches.
- In late winter remove all branches with swellings, cracks in the bark or black knots.
- Remove at least 4 inches of healthy wood beyond the black knot.
- Bury, burn or dispose of all branches from a site as spores can still be produced on pruned branches and spread to new areas.
- Cracked and oozing galls on trunks or large branches should be inspected by a certified arborist to determine the structural stability of the tree. Black knot itself will not rot wood but secondary fungi can enter through cracks and result in wood rot and structural instability.
Fungicides can be used to protect young or highly susceptible Prunus trees from infection. Sprays must be applied in early spring to protect young green shoots. Begin fungicide treatment when flower buds are just beginning to open. Repeat sprays according to label instructions (typically every 7-10 days) until shoots mature or weather is consistently warm and dry. Sprays are most effective when applied before a rain event when temperatures are warmer than 60°F. In order to greatly improve the efficacy of the fungicide application it is important to prune out any existing galls in late winter before applying fungicides in spring.
Before application make sure to read the label carefully! The plant to be treated MUST BE listed on the label or the fungicide cannot be used on that plant. Not all fungicides registered for use ornamental Prunus spp. can be used on edible Prunus spp. For large trees, high-pressure spraying equipment is needed in order to get complete coverage; therefore hire a professional arborist who can safely operate all necessary equipment.
Chemical treatments effective against black knot include fungicides with one of the following active ingredients:
- Captan
- Chlorothalonil
- Thiophanate- methyl
- Lime sulfur


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Roast Session: Meek Mill Vs Kevin Hart!
"The Untouchable Maybach Empire Presents : @Meekmill vs @KevinHart4real Backstage at the Dreams & Nightmares Tour. Watch as Meek Mill & Kevin Hart go back & forth cracking jokes backstage at the House Of Blues in Los Angeles!:
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


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|COMING SOON: Entry Portal to the newest section of the NAWCC website, The NAWCC Community!
The NAWCC Community is an online interactive social network for the use of the NAWCC members.
Members will be able to log in using their NAWCC user id (email address) and member password to gain access to a number of special interactive features.
User Directory
Each NAWCC Member will be able to maintain a user profile listing their personal interests and contact information. Profiles can be as detailed (or as private) as one likes. Using these profiles, members can create personal friend lists, join email discussion groups, view private content, or exchange files with one another.
Members will be able to subscribe to discussion groups, based either upon chapter affiliation or horological interest. Subscribe to as many groups as you want-- the sky's the limit. These groups are similar to Yahoo Groups, and interaction can be customised... either as individual emails, email digests, or web-based message-board style viewing.
Don't see a group based on your particular area of interest? Contact us to suggest one. It's easy!
Resource Libraries
Upload files to your chapter's file library or to other file collections based on your horological interests. Share pictures, documents, and media files with friends and fellow members, either privately or via public resource libraries.
Add terms and information by contributing to an ever-expanding encyclopedic glossary of horological terminology and knowledge.
Keep track of NAWCC events via our new universal calendar, which is searchable by event name or category.
Web Hosting
NAWCC sponsored web sites for individual chapters, which can be easily maintained by chapter representatives (with no need for special web design software), and which can be as simple or complex as desired. Special web sites for Regional and National Events, horological events, etc., can be quickly and efficiently set up and hosted via the NAWCC website. All the web support and member interactivity you will ever need for your interaction in the association, all in one place.
The NAWCC Community site is currently in final beta testing, and will officially open in August.


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Time to fix that!
Explosionade is our next game, and it features lots of grenades and plenty of explosions. We'll have the official announcement shortly, but I wanted to pull some physics-y code from it for your use!
Here's my game-ready grenade velocity function. It's simple parabolic motion, straight out of wikipedia, but for some reason, sometimes, I'm too lazy too even look that up and rework the equation! So I reworked it for you (and my lazy future-self, when I need it again).
Here's some C# code for the equation.
// targetPos is what you want to hit
// throwPos is where the grenade starts
// Tweak flyTime to make the grenade take longer or shorter to get there
// This simple returns the velocity at which to throw the grenade, and your target is toast!
static float flyTime= 2.0f;
protected Vector2 ThrowGrenadeVel(Vector2 targetPos, Vector2 throwPos)
Vector2 diff = (targetPos - throwPos);
Vector2 grenadeVel;
startVel.X = (diff.X) / travelTime; // we don't factor in gravity for X
|The player mech on the left anticipates a grenade hit from the enemy Horronyms on the right. Horronyms conveniently have three arms, two for holding their gun, one for throwing grenades, natch.
Simple enough, it uses s = s0 + v0t + 1/2at^2 but reworks it for the initial velocity (v0) here. You just need to have your Grenade.gravityY specified as static public float in your Grenadeclass (or whatever you're using there). I used a gravityY of about 500.0f. Two seconds felt pretty good, giving the player some time to dodge it or shoot it in Explosionade. But you can tweak the flyTime to take longer or shorter. Be aware this does no checking for ceilings, or walls. You'll have to do line of sight tests for those.
If you use the equation and have any problems just leave a comment. Good luck throwing!


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Carport Empire supplies the highest quality barns and durable metal livestock covers to protect your livestock, farm equipment, feed and other valuable investments. Our metal barns are engineered for strength and efficiency, and can protect your goods from the harshest of weather conditions. We can help you choose from our wide array of storage barns or provide a quality custom-built solution to meet your specific requirements.
Single, Double and Triple Section Storage Barns with Flexible Design
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- Sidewall heights from 5 feet to 12 feet
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- Durable 14-gauge framing and 29-gauge standard roof and side panels to for excellent weather proofing
- Drive-thru center bay for convenient access or optional closed ends / side panels
- Completely enclosed doors with roll-up or standard walk-in doors
- Windows placed to allow for sunlight to enter or framed ventilation for horse barns
- Thirteen color options to customize your barn to blend with your environment
Our steel barns and pole barns are designed to add value to any farm or ranch. They can protect your equipment and livestock as well as provide excellent cover for your guests at outdoor barbeques, weddings, birthday parties and family reunions.
Use our online estimator to help determine the size and price of a model of your choice. Our experienced building consultants are ready to assist you with modifications to an existing barn's length, width or height.
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As a leading dealer in steel buildings, motor home covers, carports, steel garages, metal storage buildings and livestock sale barns, Carport Empire offers competitive financing plans with $0 money down to qualified customers.
Our aim is to provide you with a quality metal cover or storage shed at affordable cost. For more information on our well planned barns and pricing, call 1-800-985-7678 or use the e-mail form on ourContact page.
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Doors and 3 windows with roll up doors
42′ x 26′ x 12′ Enclosed Barn


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Visit Pat Sloan's Radio Show page at Creative Talk Network to listen to previous podcasts. You may also use the above BUTTON on your blog to link to the program.
I was just thinking that this is a great excuse for a GIVEAWAY. . .
Would you like to win a fun prize?
Well, go ahead and enter. It's easy!!!
You have (4) Chances to enter your name in the Giveaway and the prize is. . .
The Summer 2012 Issue of QUILTS & MORE Magazine and I'm going to give away (1) copy to (2) separate winners.
Here's what you need to do to be entered in the Giveaway:
- Leave (1) comment telling me your favorite kind of quilts to make. Do you like Reproduction Quilts, Modern Quilts, or are your tastes more Traditional? I'd love to know.
- Leave another (1) comment telling me you listened to my portion of the podcast (I'm 2nd on the program).
- Leave another (1) comment if you mention the podcast on your blog, facebook, or twitter.
- Leave another (1) comment if you become a new follower or if you're currently a follower.
- I will randomly pick 2 winners before the end of the day by using RANDOM.org Depending on when I get the copies of the magazine I will then mail it to the winner.
- Please make sure you are NOT a NO-REPLY Blogger. Just make sure there's a way to contact you. If I am unable to contact you I will have to pick another winner.


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- Home
- News
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- Special Sections
- Classifieds
- Public Notices
The Shallotte Lions Club recently visited the Lions Cottage at the Boys and Girls Homes of North Carolina at Lake Waccamaw.
The home is dedicated to providing a comprehensive array of residential and community-based services to meet the needs of vulnerable children by addressing their physical, emotional, social, educational and spiritual development.
Their vision is to be a leading human services provider, addressing the ever-changing needs of children and families, led by people of excellence and compassion.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the The Brunswick Beacon, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
|ZIP Code:


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Moisturize Your Skin From the Inside Out
By Michael A. Smith, MDAt some point in life, we wake up and notice a few creases that just won't go away. Over time, these creases become deeper and deeper, until they reach the full-on wrinkle stage. And, of course, this is despite our best efforts to keep our skin moist and healthy.
But this doesn't have to be the case. Dry and wrinkled skin is not an inevitable part of growing older.
According to new research, the best approach may be to moisturize from the outside in and from the inside out. You see, most of us only apply moisturizing creams on the outside. Although this can help a little to diminish the appearance of surface wrinkles, the real issue is actually much deeper.
Dry Skin Lacks CeramidesWater is in a sense trapped within the layers of our skin with specialized fats called ceramides. These fats act like a water barricade and prevent the loss of moisture from the deeper layers of our skin. In fact, they make up 35%-40% of the binding matrix that maintains moisture balance and protects the skin's surface.1 The problem is that your body's production of ceramides declines with age.2
This means that the water deep in the skin escapes, leaving the deeper layers dry and structurally fragile. If the deeper layers of skin lose their integrity and separate, you'll eventually see this as wrinkles. 3,4,5 Now here's the cool part: Ceramides aren't replenished topically — they're replenished orally.
Ceramides Improve Dry Rough SkinHere's some of the proof of the powerful moisturizing effects of ceramides. A double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted at Osaka City University to evaluate the effects of six weeks of treatment with oral ceramides in 33 patients suffering from chronically dry, rough skin.
The participants were given 40 mg per day of a ceramides extract. The study investigators concluded that oral-based ceramides are delivered directly to the deep layers of skin and are a safe and effective way to improve deep skin hydration.6
In another clinical study, a proprietary ceramide — a rich lipid blend made from non-GMO wheat — showed exceptional promise in rehydrating even dry, thin, itchy skin. At the end of this four-week placebo-controlled pilot study, 65% of participants treated with 80 mg per day of a proprietary wheat lipid complex containing ceramides experienced an increase in skin moisture compared with only 45% of the placebo group.7
Don't Let Winter Ruin Your SkinCeramides are a family of lipid molecules naturally occurring in your skin and they represent a new class of functional lipids. As a traditional component of the Asian diet, plant-derived ceramides have long been recognized for their ability to promote healthy, youthful skin. As a result of their hydrating power, ceramides are becoming very popular in the industry and are being formulated in many new skin care products.
The ceramides that young skin naturally produces to retain its supple appearance are similar to those present in wheat, which is why wheat-derived oils have been used topically for centuries as a natural moisturizer. But you can't get enough ceramides from topically-applied wheat germ oil to have a long-term impact on your skin's appearance. And since ceramides don't appear in sufficient concentrations in your diet, you're going to have to supplement with them to reap their rewards.
- Int J Cosmet Sci. 2010 Jul 14. [Epub ahead of print]
- Robert Baran, Howard I. Maibach. Textbook of cosmetic dermatology. Third Ed. Taylor & Francis. 2005:177.
- Leveque JL, Corcuff P, de Rigal J, Agache P. In vivo studies of the evolution of physical properties of the human skin with age. Int J Dermatol. 1984 Jun;23(5):322-9.
- Potts RO, Buras EM, Chrisman DA Jr. Changes with age in the moisture content of human skin. J Invest Dermatol. 1984 Jan;82(1):97-100.
- Long CC, Marks R. Stratum corneum changes in patients with senile pruritus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992 Oct;27(4):560-4.
- Available at: www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/95s0316/95s-0316-rpt0275-04-Udell-vol211.pdf.
- Boisnic S, Branchet M-C. Interet clinique d'un ingredient alimentaire a visee hydratante: Lipowheat™. Etude randomisee en double aveugle versus placebo. J Med Esth et Chir Derm. 2007 Dec;34(136):239-42.


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Lilian May Golesworthy was my husband's mother. She was born on 5 April 1909, in Holborn, London, UK, and died in Ringwood, Hampshire on 4 February 1976 aged only 66 years.
Her parents were Walter Frederick Golesworthy and Lilian St John. In 1935 she married Charles Leonard Reuby in Hackney, London, UK.
They had two sons, my husband Peter Leonard, and his late brother, Terence Bramley Charles. Bramley is apparently a family name, but I haven't been able to trace it to another family member yet.


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What's $27, the perfect stocking stuffer for your favorite makeup lover this holiday and comes in all new matte shades?? The new Urban Decay Naked Basics palette! It's compact but packs a punch with 6 new shades that include:
- Venus
- Foxy
- Naked 2
- Faint
- Crave
If you missed out on the first Naked palette or even the Naked 2 palette (really? how did you manage to do that? ;)), here's a more wallet friendly way to get in on the fun. Being a matte eyeshadow lover, this is exactly what I wanted more of from the previous palettes and now it is here.
You can find this palette online and in Sephora stores now. Are you snapping this palette up? The size alone makes it a great makeup bag staple and perfect for traveling.


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Find us on:
Describes what Type 2 diabetes is, its signs and symptoms, risk factors, tests, and what to do to prevent it and control it.
Review Date: Wednesday, December 09, 2015
NIH National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse - NDICNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Asian Americans are almost twice as likely to develop diabetes as the general population in the United States, and of those who develop the disease, more than 95% are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
Review Date: Thursday, October 01, 2015
Joslin Diabetes Center
Blood glucose monitoring is one of the best tools for keeping diabetes in control. Learn more about it.
Review Date: Tuesday, February 05, 2013
American Diabetes Association
An overview of financial resources that may be helpful in diabetes care: Medicaid, Medicare, and private health insurance. Includes suggestions for obtaining help from local resources.
Review Date: Tuesday, December 08, 2015
NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases - NIDDK
Find an AACE member endocrinologist in your area who treats diseases relating to the endocrine system, such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, osteoporosis, obesity, and conditions related to the reproductive system.
Review Date: Wednesday, December 05, 2012
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
Learn how you can prevent pregnancy complications by following your doctor's advice regarding blood glucose (blood sugar) levels while you're planning your pregnancy.
Review Date: Friday, December 21, 2012
Describes how diabetes can damage feet and skin, plus tips on how to care for feet and skin to prevent these complications.
This article describes the damage that diabetes can do to kidneys, and outlines steps that people with diabetes can take to prevent or minimize kidney complications.
Diabetes and high blood pressure can damage the kidneys and lead to kidney disease. African Americans have a higher rate of kidney failure than any other group of people. Learn how you can take preventive measures to guard against kidney disease.
Review Date: Monday, November 30, 2015
NIH National Kidney Disease Education Program
Note: Documents in PDF format require the Adobe Acrobat Reader®. If you experience problems with PDF documents, please download the latest version of the Reader®.
Language Assistance Available


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Words by Mr Peter Henderson
Endlessly versatile, casual yet elegant, hardwearing and laid-back - it's easy to make the case for chinos. That's why, this spring, we're looking forward to reaching for them again. Their great appeal has always been that they can be, and are, worn with everything from T-shirts to tweed jackets, which is how we justify updating them on an annual basis. Click through the gallery above to see how to wear them this season - easy and relaxed are the watchwords here - and to read about the history that's taken them from colonial military uniform to preppy classic via Hollywood and 1950s-era hipsters.


text: I was just wondering if we have an official logo for geocachingmaine? And if we do where is it and can we get a url so we can link to it if we need to? The reason I asked is ,I answered a question in the Groundspeak forums as to organizations of geocachers and I mentioned our loosely knit group of cachers here in Maine and would have liked to have put up our logo as well. I did put the link to our website but wanted to include the logo as well. Thanks.


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phase 2 501st
Hello everyone! I'm here to report that 501st have now received the full phase 2 treatment! More on the way!
New home map suggestions
Hello there! Be sure to check out the New Home suggestions and planning thread on the forums.
Here's a direct link: Thread
Brawlhalla Tournament TBD
Hello, members of the Prominent! We will be hosting the 2019 Winter Brawlhalla Tournament Stay on the lookout for the thread that will go over the prizes (big boy prizes incoming), along with how the tournament will be running. Thank you :)
Edit: The tournament is going to be rescheduled so we may accommodate more members joining in on the fun!
Prominent Gaming News
Hello everyone, and welcome to our slider feature that is brand new to the Prominent forums! I will be using this to feature upcoming news and announcements for the community, including updates or additions! Generally, if it's up here, it's important.
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Pineapple on Pizza!
yoshikoh replied to Romeo's topic in General DiscussionI had it yesterday


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Philips + Viridis = Zelda
>> Tuesday, February 6, 2007
Once in a while the nostalgia of CD-i brings back lots of memories, especially when you read stories about the famous Nintendo link with Philips. Enjoy some words of Jim, who was responsible for the video blue screen, motion capture, and model animation, as well as the audio recording, mixing, and sound design for Zelda's Adventure. He also worked on other titles, for both Viridis and Philips. "I originally worked in the film industry back in the 80's but also knew my way around computers and digital technology. I also used to teach animation production at a local university. As a teenager I used to write my own computer games on the ancient TRS-80. My first CD-i title I worked on was Caesar's World of Gambling where I was hired to direct all the voice over for that title. You see at the time (early days of CD-i) most of the people I met at Philips were good at the technology part of the equation, but absolutely clueless when it came to other tasks like dealing with actors, scheduling productions, doing creative direction in a way that got the best out of people, etc.
Anyway, much later, I was hired at Viridis by the owners (Christopher and Lee) to help them with this title called "Zelda" that had just gotten green light for production at Philips. (In fact, the name "Viridis" was a play on the Latin word for "green" ) So after going through the production design, and realizing that they had absolutely no budget at all, we had to get pretty creative. This first big problem was the top-down motion capture of all the human characters to turn them into game sprites. Viridis had no money to rent a studio to shoot this properly; all they had was a 12x15 foot office with an 8 foot ceiling that I tried to turn into a studio. It was basically impossible to shoot anything from the perspective needed for top-down sprites, so I had to get creative to make it work.
What I did was mount a large mirror on the 8 foot ceiling and place the camera on the floor shooting up into the mirror and back down to human actor. For the walk cycles I put the actors on a black motorized treadmill with registration marks and shot video of them as they attempted not to fall off the treadmill and break their heads. (We took the hand rails off The background was extracted by our artists and sprites were created. If we didn't like the way a sprite looked or was animated, we would shoot it again. I painted one wall of the studio Ultimatte Blue so I could shoot all the blue screen FMV sequences. This was a total pain because we basically had no room, and for the longest time Chris and Lee were too cheap to install extra power lines for the lights. (One day I tripped all the breakers for the office lighting a scene, and it crashed all the development stations and servers. I got my extra power lines soon after that. Once the bluescreen video was shot, then we had to laboriously digitize every frame (no realtime capture at that point). I would let the capture run over night. The next day I would start the background (bluescreen) removal. This would sometimes take 4 or 5 workstations several days to complete a sequence. Very primitive, but we were working with Mac Quadra 700s.
One of the good things about working on Zelda was that I worked with Randy Casey, who was the lead engineer. This was one of Randy's first projects, and we got along well together. Randy eventually went on to Novalgic and was lead on a whole bunch of successful flight sim games from them. Viridis always seemed to have budget problems; eventually when the Zelda was pretty much done, they laid me off. (I also worked on other game titles for them at the time, most of them never released.) Anyway, I went on to Philips as a game producer where I managed their top selling CD-ROM game Fighter Duel, plus other less successful titles such as Voyeur II and a bunch more. Viridis, like a white dwarf that swells to a red giant, eventually had scores of people working there after I left (when I was there it was maybe 15- 20 people). Eventually Viridis couldn't make payroll, and many of their employees quit. The end came not long after that for Viridis.


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Benefits to You:
Benefits to You:The gift of a trust provides an immediate tax deduction for a portion of the trust's principal value. This value is based on trust provisions and the age of the beneficiaries, the avoidance of capital gains taxes, and the opportunity to increase income by converting low income assets into high income assets. The gift of a trust also provides an income stream for you and/or named beneficiaries.
Benefits to YouA gift annuity provides you with an immediate charitable tax deduction and an increase in your disposable income; a fixed payout that offers the security of a guaranteed income for life; and the opportunity to provide income for yourself or other named beneficiaries.
Benefits to You:This gift provides you with an immediate charitable tax deduction, the avoidance of capital gains taxes and the opportunity to make a larger gift to the Ridgewater College Foundation than otherwise might have been possible.
Benefits to You:This gift yields an immediate charitable tax deduction and at the same time provides a significant donation to Ridgewater College Foundation.
Giving/Contribution FormNon-Cash Donation FormVehicle Donation Brochure


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SKY REPORTER: April 2012
by Steve Beyer on
Sky Data
Sunday April 1st, sunrise is at 6:39 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time. That evening the sun, located in the constellation Pisces, sets at 7:21 p.m.
On Sunday April 15th sunrise is at 6:16 a.m., and sunset occurs that day at 7:36 p.m.
The last day of the month, Monday April 30th, the sun is in Aries, rising at 5:55 a.m. and setting at 7:51 that evening. During April the length of time the sun is above the horizon each day increases by one hour 14 minutes. The altitude of the sun at noon, its maximum daily elevation, ascends during April from 54 degrees of arc on the first to 64 degrees on the 30th.
During this month average overnight temperatures recorded in Central Park near Belvedere Castle rise from 37 degrees Fahrenheit on the first to 46 degrees on the 30th.
Principal Phases of the Moon are:
|April 6
|Full Moon
|April 13
|Last Quarter
|April 21
|New Moon
|April 29
|First Quarter
Sky Cast
On Sunday April 1st, Mercury rises in the predawn sky at 5:55 a.m., just 33 minutes before the sun. The following evening Venus is a magnificent sight in the western sky, above bright Jupiter. Mars is also above the horizon at the end of civil twilight, high in the southeast. Saturn rises at 8:22 p.m. That night the waxing gibbous moon is in between Mars and the bright zero magnitude star Procyon in Canis Minor.
During evenings from April first through Wednesday the 4th, Venus passes the tiny dipper shaped asterism in the midst of the Pleiades open star cluster in Taurus. Binoculars or a low power telescope will show these beautiful objects as Venus nightly moves eastward through the zodiac. Its passages relative to "fixed stars" such as the Pleiades reinforce our understanding of why planets were known as "wandering stars." During April Venus' crescent phase narrows and appears to lengthen as the planet's distance from Earth diminishes preceding its much anticipated June conjunction and transit of the Sun's disk.
Monday and Tuesday April 2nd and 3rd, the waxing gibbous moon may be seen eight degrees from Regulus, brightest star in the constellation Leo.
By the night of Friday April 6th the moon will have moved to a position just west of Saturn and first magnitude star Spica in Virgo.
During the early morning of Tuesday April 10th the waning gibbous moon is four degrees north of first magnitude red supergiant Antares in Scorpius. The next night the moon is not far from the direction of the supermassive black hole 26,000 light years from us at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy.
April 14th Saturn is in opposition, rising at sunset and remaining in the sky through the night.
Wednesday April 18th Mercury is at its greatest western elongation, in the early morning sky 27 degrees of arc west of the sun measured along the ecliptic. However it is only three degrees above the eastern horizon when civil twilight begins on the morning of the 18th. Locating Mercury this month is as usual a difficult task.
During evening twilight on April 22nd a thin crescent moon is low in the western sky, three degrees above Jupiter. On the evenings of the 24th and 25th, the moon is within 12 degrees of Venus.
The night of Saturday April 28th the moon is seven degrees of arc southwest of the Beehive open star cluster in the constellation of the Crab. The cluster, also known as the Praesepe (Latin for "manger") and as Messier 44, extends across an area of the sky about four times that covered by the moon's disk. At a distance of about 800 light years this represents an actual diameter of 20 light years. Although visible to unaided eyes on very clear dark nights, looking like a "little mist", binoculars easily show this cluster. The Beehive is estimated to be 580 light years from the Solar System, with an age of about 800 million years. Look a half fist length above the moon on April 28th to view the celestial Beehive.
Sky Lore
During April the Big Dipper and Leo anchor center stage in the early evening sky, with the Dipper high in the north near the zenith. Although having fainter stars than many we saw on winter evenings, the Big Dipper joins Regulus in Leo, Arcturus in Bootes, and Spica in Virgo, marking special places in our celestial view this season. Seven Big Dipper stars comprise a significant part of Ursa Major, the Great Bear and it is an unmistakable pattern. Its delicate esthetic is remarkable and unforgettable.
The Big Dipper contains the fine stellar pair Mizar and Alcor, marking a bend in the asterism's handle. They and four other Dipper stars belong to the Ursa Major moving cluster, traveling together through the Milky Way Galaxy. Known in sky lore as the "horse and rider" Mizar and Alcor are separated by 12 arcminutes, about one-third the diameter of the moon's disk. The respective distances from Earth of Mizar and Alcor are 78 and 81 light years. Observers with excellent vision may see Alcor, at visual magnitude 4, and Mizar at magnitude 2.2 as separate points of light. If vision is not quite 20/20, binoculars show the pair's separation. Focusing our attention on Mizar, using a telescope with magnification of at least 50 times, this star can be seen as double, its components separated by 14 arcseconds (equivalent to about 500 times the distance from Earth to the Sun). Although an orbital connection between Alcor and Mizar may exist, components of Mizar are definitely linked by gravity and revolve around their common center of mass over a period of more than 5,000 years. Furthermore, each is a very close double star, with separations revealed by spectroscopic analysis.
When you have located the Big Dipper, use it as a guide to other features of April's sky. For example, with a bit of imagination we can think of the Dipper's bowl filled with water that suddenly spills down onto Leo, the celestial Lion. Regulus is Leo's brightest star and it is 77 light years from us. It is the first magnitude star closest to the ecliptic, the sun's apparent annual path through our sky. Regulus means "little king", a name said to have been provided by Copernicus.
Referring again to the Big Dipper, we can trace a curve along its handle to the star Alkaid. Extend an imagined arc about 30 degrees (three fist lengths) to the zero magnitude star Arcturus in the constellation Bootes, the herdsman. In our night sky Arcturus is second only in stellar brilliance to Sirius and is a highlight of springtime nights. Arcturus is 37 light years from us and has a slightly orange color. It has a relatively fast southward motion quite different from other stars in the neighborhood of the Sun and is described as a "high velocity" star. Arcturus may have been a member of a small galaxy that collided with and was absorbed by the Milky Way Galaxy about five billion years ago.
Continuing the imaginary curve southward past Arcturus brings our attention to first magnitude Spica, brightest star in Virgo. It and Arcturus were known in Arabian mythology as representing posts supporting the canopy of the sky.


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Do you have a good Food Safety and Quality Team?
They'll be even better with foodindustrycompliance.com... accessible through haccp.com!
We built foodindustrycompliance.com to improve the Skills, Knowledge and Competency of Food Industry Professionals around the globe!
Based on the requirements of GFSI Requirements and Key Customer Standards, the Information, Resources and Food Safety Program Templates available through our 'world first' technology at foodindustrycompliance.com will benefit Food Safety and Quality experts and novices alike!
For one low annual fee of $875 your business will have full access to Information, Resources, Templates and Flexible Training Courses covering the following elements:
- Allergen Management
- Approved Supplier Management
- Business Continuity and Crisis Management
- Calibration of Measuring and Testing Equipment
- Certification Standards
- Chemical Control
- Cleaning and Sanitation
- Commercial Sterility Processing
- Continuous Improvement
- Contract Review
- Corrective Action and Preventative Action
- Customer Focus and Customer Complaint Management
- Document and Data Control
- Ethical Sourcing Standards
- FDA Food Safety Modernization Act
- Food Borne Illness Prevention
- Food Defense
- Food Microbiology Management
- Food Safety Management
- Food Security Management
- Good Housekeeping Practices
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A troublesome piece of heating and ventilating equipment pushed out enough smoke to cause the evacuation Thursday of the four-story Chase Bank building in downtown Loveland.
Bank employees reported smoke in the vault about 11:30 a.m., and Loveland Fire and Rescue Authority firefighters responded and cleared the building at Lincoln Avenue and Seventh Street.
The building's owner, among those evacuated, said a heating, air-conditioning and ventilation contractor had been working in the building.
The smoke likely was caused by an overheated piece of equipment on an upper floor, with smoke taken to the vault through vents.
Employees at the bank and other businesses in the building returned to work shortly after 12:30 p.m.


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We're only the 19th least honest!
Posted by Charles II on December 5, 2012
Via CNBC
From Transparency International, US ranks behind Denmark, Finland, New Zealand, Sweden, Singapore, Switzerland, Australia, Norway, Canada, Netherlands, Iceland, Luxembourg, Hong Kong, Germany, Barbados, Belgium, Japan and the UK in terms of perceived corruption. We edged out Chile, Uruguay, the Bahamas, and France.
I guess the good news is that we don't seem to have fallen too much since 2001.
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Results and Outcomes
A Jesuit university, Saint Joseph's educates men and women who use their education to make the world better. A student in Saint Joseph's first class of 1851 became a justice of the United State Supreme Court. Today there are approximately 50,000 living Saint Joseph's alumni in law, medicine, business, finance, communications and education -- strengthening their professions and their communities in every part of the world.
An entrepreneurial spirit typifies the Saint Joseph's business graduate, resulting in uncommon energy and focus in the workplace. Whether it be at a Fortune 500 company or in an impressive array of smaller, highly successful firms, SJU alumni have a clear edge with respect to personal ethics, critical thinking and interpersonal communications. "Excellence with a conscience" might be an apt description for the chief executive officer of a financial services provider and employer in over 50 countries; or the president of the leading African-American public relations firm in Philadelphia; or a cutting-edge market research professional who doubles as a best-selling author.
Careers And Mentoring
Students looking for guidance in planning their careers or finding internships and jobs after graduation have an invaluable resource at their disposal: approximately 50,000 living Saint Joseph's alumni in business and other professions. Each year, hundreds of locally-based SJU graduates volunteer as mentors for recent alums, helping to ease the transition from college to professional life. They also meet individually with students to help them define career goals, learn first-hand about professional opportunities and challenges, as well as land that critical "first job." Other alumni return to campus frequently to teach or provide specialized mentoring opportunities.


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Minister Teo and some MPs told me it was a good speech, so I guess I did OK. In all honesty, when I'm up there reading off my speech, I'm so caught up in doing it and making sure I deliver it the way I want to, that I really don't know how it's going. But it's a good feeling for your fellow MPs to tell you that you did well.
It was 7pm by the time my turn came, 7.30pm when the sitting finished. I'm too tired now to give my usual commentary, plus I've got to start writing another speech for Wednesday (on the Spam Control Bill). So here's the speech for now, and I'll post more about it another time.
Mr Deputy Speaker Sir, thank you for allowing me to participate in this debate. I know that the hour is late, and I beg the indulgence of the House while I make my speech.
I will start by stating my support for the principle of paying ministers and top civil servants fairly. But I would draw a distinction between ministers and Administrative Officers. I will first discuss Administrative Officers, or AOs.
Administrative Officers
Sir, the Administrative Service is a career. It is a job for AOs, albeit one in public service and hence expected to have a greater sense of purpose and an accompanying element of self-sacrifice.
Seen from that perspective, we cannot fault AOs if they view the public service and the private sector as alternative career paths, between which they have to weigh the relative merits. It is a choice between two competing jobs, each with their own attractions, and we must be realistic and accept that remuneration plays a big part in the decision-making process.
I therefore agree with the benchmarking of Administrative Service salaries with the private sector salaries, with two caveats.
Firstly, the benchmarks should be adjusted for the fact that AOs are entitled to pensions if they serve long enough. Pensions have gone the way of the dinosaur in the private sector. It is therefore inconsistent to benchmark Administrative Service pay to private sector salaries on the one hand, and to retain a pension scheme on the other. We should either do away with pensions completely, or adjust pensionable officers' salaries to take into account their potential pensions.
Secondly, and more importantly, the officers in question must really be that talented and must actually contribute that much.
Sir, I spoke to a lot of people over the past few weeks about this issue. And curiously enough, I have found that those who argue against high salaries for AOs are frequently serving or former civil servants. They question whether the AOs are all that talented. They believe that AOs are almost never asked to leave, that they receive private sector salaries while retaining an iron rice-bowl and with the prospect of a pension to boot, and that they would not command such salaries if they enter the private sector.
So either those in the civil service know something the rest of us do not, or there is a serious perception gap. Perhaps what is needed is to increase awareness about the contributions of AOs and to have greater transparency in how they are held accountable for their performance.
Paying ministers fairly
Sir, I think that the considerations are very different when it comes to ministers. I agree that people should not have to make "unreasonable financial sacrifices" to enter, or to stay in, public service.
But that simply begs the question of what is unreasonable. What level of salaries would be fair? What sacrifices would be considered unreasonable?
Sir, I agree that ministerial salaries need to be high enough, that worthy candidates will not be deterred from public service by financial considerations. In fact, I do not think that the current MR4 benchmark of $1.2 million per year is too high in today's world.
I know that many Singaporeans will disagree with me. But we have to be realistic. In a globalised economy where there is massive demand chasing a limited pool of top talent, $1.2 million per year is very possibly at the lower-end of the scale for the very best of top talent.
And I agree that ministers should be entitled to a comfortable lifestyle. I think that we would be demanding an unreasonable financial sacrifice, if we were to ask potential ministers to downgrade their standards of living upon entering public service.
Top talent will expect a nice house, a nice car, or maybe even two or three nice cars, including for the wife and children. Overseas universities for their children, good medical care for their family and parents, luxurious holidays, adequate insurance and sufficient investments for a decent retirement.
Sir, how much does it really take to provide for all that? $1.2 million per year seems enough to me. Still, I am willing to accept that it may not be enough – I make nothing near those levels, and I would hardly know what expectations such top-earners would have. So I am prepared to agree that the number may need to be higher, and may even need to be $1.6, $1.8, or $2.2 million.
But the present benchmarking system is flawed in its mechanics. Many have pointed out these flaws, and I will not repeat them. The only suggestion I would make is to introduce a cap which can be revised from time to time if the Government feels that it is not sufficient for a fair standard of living for ministers. There should also be an adjustment when a minister or top civil servant becomes entitled to a pension.
What it means to be a minister
But the present benchmark is not being changed, and there is no cap. There is no linkage between the benchmark and what it can buy. There is only a linkage with the top earners, whom I think we can all agree will earn more and more as globalization gains pace.
Beyond what is needed to sustain a fair standard of living, what does more and more salary go towards? The salary becomes about the opportunity cost of public service, losing out on the millions waiting in the private sector. It becomes about envy of one's peers, those raking in the big bucks at the top of the corporate ladder. It becomes about valuing our ministers by their salaries, and not their contributions, both tangible and intangible.
Sir, all that sends the wrong message about our political leaders. It equates political leadership with management. We often hear the phrase "running a country". I think our ministers do more than just run Singapore. They lead Singapore.
Government is more than just management. Competency and ability at leading and managing an organisation, at problem-solving and policy-making, are in and of themselves not enough to make a great leader. They might be necessary, but they are never sufficient. It might make for an excellent civil servant, but it is not enough for a political leader.
Sir, ministers cannot be just good managers or able technocrats. They must be more than that. They must be leaders of men and women, leaders of Singapore and Singaporeans. A minister must inspire respect and confidence. A minister can be appointed to the office, but he or she will command respect and confidence only because of the measure of the person that he or she is.
But what is the message sent to society when we focus so much on salaries and money, when we equate government so closely with CEOs and COOs and CFOs, lawyers and accountants and engineers? The message is that our ministers are really just managing the country, and not so much leading the people.
Sir, I do not think that that is right or healthy. We rely on the civil service, including the Administrative Service, to manage the country. We look to our ministers to lead us.
I think it is safe to say that every one of us in this House are honoured and privileged to be here. It was a great honour for me to be appointed as a Nominated Member, and I am sure it was the same for my fellow Nominated Members. I imagine that it was an even greater honour for all of the elected Members who won the trust of their constituents, and for Ms Sylvia Lim who won over enough voters to qualify as an NCMP.
But the honour and privilege is greatest for the office holders. We Singaporeans have reposed our trust in our ministers, to lead us into this ever more uncertain future that we call a post-9/11 globalised world. That is, I think, the greatest honour that any Singaporean can have, to be so trusted by his or her fellow Singaporeans.
This honour and privilege cannot be measured in monetary terms. It is unquantifiable. And I would argue that it means far more than any amount that a company can ever pay to an executive. I would even go so far as to say that any person who disagrees, who cares so much about what he or she is paid, someone to whom this honour and privilege is not enough, is not a suitable leader and is not fit for political office.
Being a minister involves a lot of sacrifices. Most of them, such as demands on one's time and the loss of privacy, are non-financial. And I am sure that many, if not most, who have been asked to serve but declined, did so because of these non-financial sacrifices. So for these people, increasing ministerial salaries would not make a difference.
As for the others, for whom the decision against public service turned on the financial consideration, I would argue that we should not have them in government anyway. They are not suitable for political leadership at all. Their priorities are skewed against public service. And yet, increasing ministerial salaries would pave the way for precisely this group of people to take up public office.
Sir, Singaporeans have been asked to put some perspective around the current $45.5 million for the political appointees, being 0.13% of government expenditure and 0.022% of our GDP. I think there are some other perspectives that can be put around these numbers.
At the revised MR4 benchmark of $1.6 million per year, a minister who serves a full five-year term would have made $8 million. Serve two terms, and that becomes $16 million plus a pension. Even if the minister spends a million dollars a year, there would still be $6 million left over for a retirement in style.
Meanwhile, Workfare will cost the Government $400 million a year. But it is intended to benefit the bottom 15% of the workforce. In 2005, we had 2.36 million workers. The bottom 15% means 354,000 workers. Workfare will cost over 7 times of the aggregate revised salaries of political appointees, but benefits 10,000 times the number of political appointees we have.
Or let's take Public Assistance. MCYS recently announced a revision to the amounts that Public Assistance recipients will get. Some Members felt that the amounts are still not enough, especially for one-member households. Dr Lily Neo has calculated that a minimum of $400 per month was needed by such households, yet the revised rate for them is $290 per month.
With 3,000 households on Public Assistance, an across-the-board increase of $110 per month would mean an additional expenditure of $3.96 million a year – 7% of the amounts that we will pay political appointees every year after the revisions. Yet, we decline to do so, fearing an erosion of Singaporeans' work ethic, never mind that one must be unable to work to qualify for Public Assistance.
Sir, there are a lot of different perspectives that can be put around ministerial salaries. My fear is that the singular perspective being applied, of what our ministers could potentially be earning in the private sector, ignores other perspectives that are equally valid and equally important.
We place so much emphasis on using public funds wisely, on sending the right message to society, on not inadvertently creating new problems when we address existing ones. These same considerations must apply when we consider ministerial salaries. It is not just a question of the number, whether we can afford it or its size relative to the stakes involved. There are other considerations involved, and other potential repercussions.
And my greatest worry is that an open-ended linkage between ministerial salaries and top earners, which is how the benchmarks work in their current form, could in the long run undermine the moral authority that a government needs to lead the people.
Moral authority
As our leaders, ministers wield a great deal of authority. They have legal authority due to their positions. They also have moral authority, by virtue of being our elected leaders to whom we have entrusted the reins of government.
Sir, our leaders must maintain that moral authority, so that Singaporeans will instinctively trust that whatever is done by the Government is done for the good of the country. Government is more, much more than mere management. There is an intangible, moral dimension to government and political leadership that civil servants are not equipped to deal with, that have to be addressed by duly-elected ministers.
Our leaders need to have this moral authority to lead the nation, so that whenever we have to ask Singaporeans to make sacrifices for the good of the nation, whether it be workers bearing the brunt of CPF cuts or NSmen putting their lives on the line to defend Singapore, they will respond without question, willingly and courageously, because they trust and believe in our leaders.
I daresay that our NSmen will risk their lives if ordered to by the Prime Minister or the Defence Minister, but not if it is the Permanent Secretary. It is this moral authority that makes all the difference between a minister and a civil servant, a leader and a manager.
Sir, the track record of the ruling party has been almost impeccable. With the benefit of 20/20 hindsight, many an unpopular policy has proved to be the right choice. So, by and large, Singaporeans remain trusting of the PAP, and that shows at each General Election since independence. This present government is no different. It won last year's election by a landslide, and it has the requisite degree of moral authority.
But we need to ensure that future governments will continue to have that same level of moral authority. The benchmarking system puts that at risk. When we focus on salaries to the exclusion of the moral imperative and considerations of public duty and service, we endanger the moral authority of the government to lead. Because then, cynicism creeps in, and it taints, weakens and may ultimately destroy the bond between the government and the people.
This is exacerbated by the surrounding context of a widening income gap. During the Budget debates, this House heard so much about the income gap, about how it is inevitable, and about what we are doing to address it. The MR4 benchmark is such that ministerial salaries are tied to the very narrow tip at the top of the pyramid, but are decoupled from the stagnant broad base at the bottom. The benchmark itself becomes part of the problem.
Also, a large part of ministers' bonuses are tied to Singapore's economic growth. This growth represents the sum total of the efforts of all Singaporean citizens, permanent residents and foreign talents. But thanks to globalization, many Singaporeans are not reaping the fruits of their labours, and are instead struggling to stay afloat. Ministers benefit from this economic growth through the GDP bonuses, even as many Singaporeans do not. There seems to be a certain degree of inequity here.
Sir, we are told that it is an admirable sentiment to want our ministers to be people with that sense of self-sacrifice, who are prepared to make a financial sacrifice -- a reasonable one – to serve the country, but that the real world is different and that this view is unrealistic.
But to me, this way of thinking is not unrealistic. Instead, it is actually an important sieve that filters out the types of people that we should not have in government, people whose desire to serve would be outweighed by a few million dollars, even if their standard of living is not compromised.
I believe that our ministers did not make the decision to enter public service lightly, and they have made great sacrifices in doing so. And because of that, Singaporeans respect and salute them, and give them the moral authority to lead. We have to ensure that future governments are able to enjoy the same degree of moral authority.
Sir, I think we are all idealists in this House. We all believe in this great social enterprise that we call Singapore. We have to, otherwise we would not have sacrificed our time to be here, we would not have heeded the call of duty and served.
We must believe that we are not the only ones with this idealism and sense of purpose. We must believe that there are many other Singaporeans who feel strongly enough about our nation, that they would be willing to make the necessary sacrifices to serve the country.
If we have reached the stage where money is necessary to draw able Singaporeans into public office, then I think we might as well pack up now, because we would have failed, because Singaporeans obviously do not see Singapore as a nation worth fighting and sacrificing for.
Sir, I do not believe that to be the case. To believe otherwise, is to admit failure in our nation-building efforts. I am not prepared to do so. And I hope that the Government is not prepared to do so either, and will show that in future revisions.
Thank you, Sir.


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Pengumuman Terbaru
EPS TOPIK Test Results
Working VISA
Lihat Daftar SLC
|Preliminary Training Periode 2014
source: BNP2TKI.GO.ID
|Preliminary Training Periode 2013
source: BNP2TKI.GO.ID
EPS TOPIK Reading and Listening Questions
Employment Permit System allows employers who have failed to hire local workforce, to legally employ foreign workers. (the Korean government or public institution administer the management of the foreign workers).
The Korean Language Proficiency Test, (세계한국말인증시험) or KLPT, tests people who are not native speakers of Korean on their grasp of the language. The goal is to determine whether the test-taker is proficient enough to live in Korea, work as an employee at a Korean company, etc. The Basic-KLPT, or B-KLPT, is also offered; this version of the test simply "assesses whether or not examinees have basic communication ability."
The New EPS-TOPIK TextBooks 2013
Listening questions:
1-50 | 51-100 | 101-150 | 151-200 | 201-250
Reading questions:
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source: www.seoulina.com:


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Trademark Savor seemed to belong to a Jam or jam-jar supplier E. Hebert of Paris.
Support the Glass Message Board by finding a book via book-seek.com
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The Folembray site does not include it with insulators but on it's own as a trademark... but seemingly not of the glassworks who also did disks with their tm/names etc.
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January 22, 2007
By JOHN FLOWERS
MIDDLEBURY — More than 30 employers from throughout the state converged upon Middlebury on Thursday hoping to recruit some of the 175 people who lost their jobs when Specialty Filaments closed its doors earlier this month.
Husky of Milton, Vermont Teddy Bear of Shelburne and Johnson Filaments of Williston joined Addison County companies like Goodrich Corp., Autumn Harp, Middlebury College and Carrara & Sons Inc. at a special job fair held at the Middlebury American Legion Hall on Boardman Street.
Fifteen minutes before the fair opened, an estimated 50 people were waiting to enter the hall and one observer said it was busy all day.
By ANDY KIRKALDY
ADDISON — The town of Addison on Dec. 8 again won in court against farmers Mark and Paul Boivin, who for more than a decade have battled with Addison unsuccessfully — at one point all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court — about the town's property tax assessments on their 467-acre No-Mon-Ne dairy farm.
In addition to winning the 2003 tax case in last month's ruling, the town of Addison also prevailed in two earlier court cases in which the Boivins challenged the 1996 and 2000 valuations of their Goodrich Corners Road farm.
And the Boivins aren't done in court yet. Before the Dec. 8 rule, they appealed the town's 2006 assessment on the largest of the three parts of their farm despite their past losses in court; that latest Addison Superior Court tax case is now in the discovery phase, Mark Boivin said on Thursday. The Boivins are not appealing the value of one 80-acre part of their farm, and last year successfully had the town reduce the value on another 98-acre portion of their farm.
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