text:
Lighting The Millennium with New Technologies
Apr 1, 1999 12:00 PM, By Joseph R. Knisley, Senior Editorial Consultant
Remote source lighting and electrodeless lamps are just a few of the new technologies making their appearance as viable and practical product offerings.
With new light sources and lighting systems emerging, the future looks promising and exciting. Today, there's a newer and greater understanding about the quality of light.
Joseph Good, III, President of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), gives us a perfect example. In his editorial (March 1999 LD+A), he reflects on a Department of Energy meeting he attended entitled "The Lighting Technology Roadman Workshop." A cross section of the lighting industry, including consumers, manufacturers, designers, engineers, architects, developers, owners, and educators attended the meeting.
Here's the group's "lighting vision." For the year 2020, lighting systems in buildings and other applications will:
- Enhance the performance and well being of people.
- Adapt easily to the changing needs of the user.
- Use all sources of light efficiently and effectively.
- Function as a fully integrated system rather than a collection of independent components.
Create minimal impact on the environment during manufacturing, installation, maintenance, operation, and disposal.
As a result, people will understand, value, and use the tangible benefits provided by these lighting systems. We've already begun this process with the development of some new and exciting technologies. Let's look at a few.
Remote source lighting (RSL). Although relatively new, the use of RSL is steadily growing. Offering a number of advantages in both indoor and outdoor applications, RSL is a technique in which light travels from its source through a medium to one or more remote points.
There are four types of material used in an RSL system:
- Glass fiber: a circular light guide made of glass with a diameter between 0.002 in. and 0.006 in. (about hair thickness);
- Small plastic fiber: a circular light guide with a diameter typically between 0.005 in. and 0.08 in.;
- Large plastic fiber: a circular light guide with a diameter typically between 0.08 in. to 0.47 in.; and
- Prism light guide: a hollow structure (square or tubular in cross section) with the walls made of a transparent prismatic material.
Both a fiber-optic (FO) bundle and prism light guide system make use of total internal reflection.
Here's how this works. Because the wall of a light-carrying medium acts somewhat like a mirror, light entering the guide traps inside and continually reflects as it moves down the path (until it comes out the other end or diverts).
The two RSL methods (FO and prism) don't really compete for the same applications, although there is some overlap in architectural highlighting. Most lighting professionals use FO systems primarily in small-scale projects, which require limited light output (such as decorative applications) and where the relative high cost per lumen delivered is acceptable. On a large-scale project, where you need greater light output, lighting designers choose prism light guides, typically available in 6- to 20-ft-long segments.
How long do the various materials last? Glass fiber basically lasts forever, unless it breaks. Plastic fiber is less susceptible to breakage, but IR and UV energy from the light source can cause deterioration. (The fiber can turn yellow and brittle with age, and the light output can dim and change color.) A prism light guide has an unlimited life, providing you don't subject the materials to excessive temperature, UV, or highly concentrated solvents.
Let's look at both types of RSL systems in more detail.
FO lighting system. There are three elements in an FO lighting system: the illuminator, light guide, and fixture.
Illuminator. This device couples the light emitted by a lamp to the input end of an FO light guide. It contains a lamp, reflector, and perhaps an IR or UV filter. As an option, the illuminator accepts a dichromatic glass color filter wheel to provide a continuous or fixed change of color. A computerized programmable controller can provide special effects, such as timed light changes or strobe-like bursts of light.
You can synchronize multiple illuminators and integrate them with music on a sound system. You can also vary them by time of day. Most importantly, the light coupling efficiency of FO illuminators has improved almost fourfold in the past few years.
Light guide. The light actually passes through this medium. It usually consists of a bundle of plastic or glass fibers or a single plastic fiber. The plastic or glass core of each fiber is coated with a cladding (a very thin layer of plastic or glass) that prevents light from leaking out of the fiber. An opaque or transparent sheathing and a plastic, rubber, or metal tube (used to protect and support the fibers) cover the fiber or fiber bundle.
If you use the light guide to project light from the end, you call it an end-emitting fiber. If the guide has a special construction that delivers light along the entire length of the fiber, it's called a side-emitting fiber.
In use, the side-emitting fiber looks like neon tube lighting. As a replacement, it eliminates many of neon's headaches, such as reoccurring maintenance requirements, fragility, need for a transformer, and an electrical circuit operating at just under 1000V (in residences).
Fixture (or fitting). You can use various types of reflective or diffusing fittings at the end of the fiber. They can serve as recessed downlights, wall washers, or track lights and can create a variety of other visual effects.
Establishing FO system standards. Because of the nature of FO systems, standardization of photometrics is much more difficult than for traditional lamps and fixtures. Since the light doesn't come from a single lamp in a fixture, it's more difficult to express the photometric data. Additionally, long fiber runs, bends in the fibers, and other installation variants all affect final light output.
To deal with this, the National Electric Manufacturer's Association (NEMA) formed the Remote Illumination Systems Section, a committee to define standards and test methods for remote lighting systems (including fiber optics and tubular light pipes). The committee is now creating a standard glossary of terms and addressing safety issues. Several manufacturers now supply photometric data for FO systems.
Prism light guide system. There are four basic elements in a prism light guide:
- A light injector, which is equivalent to an illuminator. It contains a reflector, lamp, and glass or plastic window that can filter IR and UV or add color.
- A housing, which is a rigid cylinder or backing to support a transparent plastic film coating (called an optical lighting film, or OLF).
- A light guide, which is an OLF having a prismatic surface on one side and a smooth surface on the other. At each reflection, 2% of the light escapes.
- An extractor, which is a second film that diverts light from its path down the light guide so the light leaves the housing at specific locations along its length.
A prime application for prism light guides is tunnel lighting. For example, 11,880 ft of prism light guide replaces linear fluorescent luminaires in the Callahan Tunnel in Boston. The prism light guide delivers uniform, linear light along the length of the tunnel while reducing lighting maintenance costs.
Other new technologies. Utility deregulation and other factors are speeding the penetration of new lighting techniques and technologies, including unusual lamp designs and advanced optics. Let's look at some recent lighting innovations.
Electrodeless lamp. The technology behind an electrodeless discharge lamp, or simply an electrodeless lamp, is more than 100 years old. Nikola Tesla first demonstrated the concept in 1891. Because of advances in electronics and changes in electromagnetic interference (EMI) standards over the last 30 years, this lamp type is now commercially available.
Instead of using an electric current passing between electrodes to excite the gas fill (mercury and argon) in the bulb (as with a fluorescent lamp), this lamp uses high-frequency electromagnetic energy.
One type of electrodeless lamp is the induction lamp. It uses an induction coil inside the bulb to excite the gas fill. Here's the sequence of operation. First, a radio frequency (RF) power supply sends an electric current to the induction coil, which is a wire wrapped around a plastic or metal core. Then, current passing through the induction coil generates an electromagnetic field (EM) field. This field, in turn, excites the mercury in the gas fill to create ultraviolet (UV) energy. Finally, when struck by UV energy, the phosphors coating the inside of the glass bulb emit light.
The induction lamp in our example is essentially a fluorescent lamp, so the amount of light it emits is proportional to the phosphor-coated surface area of the bulb. If you increase the size of the system to gain more output, the light is harder to control physically and optically.
For purposes of circuit sizing, the manufacturer rates the lamp at 55% power factor and 130% total harmonic distortion. This lamp may cause interference with television and other electronic systems. It's also rated for reliable starting at temperatures down to 32 degrees F and will maintain about 98% of its light output at this temperature. This is a significant improvement for cold environments.
Another type of electrodeless lamp is the sulfur lamp. It operates on the microwave discharge principal. Here's how it works. First, the magnetron generates a microwave field. The energy from this field then travels through a waveguide into a cavity. In the cavity, a glass ball rotates at high speed to stabilize the fill in the ball (necessary for a uniform light distribution). Finally, the microwave excites the gas fill (in this case argon and sulfur), causing it to emit light.
The technology behind the sulfur lamp isn't entirely new. The manufacturer has a 20-yr history of making microwave discharge light sources used for ultraviolet (UV) curing in the semiconductor and printing industries.
The sulfur lamp's bulb can last indefinitely, since the sulfur and argon in its fill don't react with each other or with the glass. The longevity of the magnetron is the limiting factor in the sulfur lamp's life.
With a prism light guide, the sulfur lamp is the light source in a variety of demonstration projects at industrial plants, post offices, train stations, and similar facilities. When used without the guide, the system has the lamp enclosed in an industrial lighting fixture.
The lighting community remains hopeful about the future of electrodeless lamps, but its success depends on a number of economic factors.
LED lighting. At least two manufacturers are developing and marketing light emitting diodes (LEDs) for use as an economical alternative to compact fluorescent, halogen, and incandescent lighting. Industry sources foresee the inevitable evolutionary LED developments as having a tremendous potential forreplacing older, less efficient light sources.
John Bullough, a research associate at The Lighting Research Center, Troy, N.Y., believes the first applications for LEDs in the general lighting market will be for task and undercabinet lighting. He sees downlighting and display lighting as other potential applications. However, Bullough doesn't see anyone using LEDs for general lighting (like a 2- by 4-ft fluorescent fixture) for a number of years. The LED chip, immune to shock and vibration, is a relatively efficient converter of electrical energy directly to light. It can have a lifespan of up to 100,000 hr. Since an LED produces no UV emissions and very little heat, you can use an LED light source near clothing or sensitive artwork. You can also put it into waterproof fixtures for fountains, pools, and outdoor mounting.
For years, only the red LED was a practical light source. People primarily used it in exit signs, because it creates a very directional form of light. But since 1993, we've seen the development of bright blue and true green LEDs. The production of these efficient colored LEDs is important because red, blue, and green form the primary colors in full-color displays. In addition, combining red, blue, and green LEDs can produce white light for room illumination. Not only are LEDs much longer-lived than the 1000 hr of a standard incandescent bulb, but you can also adjust the three-color LED combination to give the best color balance to the generated light. Flat panels can provide bright light that is 100% dimmable, uses no mercury, and requires no ballast.
A two-year-old firm in Boston sells a three-color LED lighting system that provides attention-getting constant changes of color and light patterns without gels or patterns. One product is a track-mounted, MR16-looking fixture that receives both a power and data circuit. It can generate more than 16 million custom colors and lighting effects. It's retail price is about $1000.
Another manufacturer plans to bypass the need to use a trio of LEDs in achieving white light by applying the same luminescent conversion principle found in neon lamps. By combining blue emitting diodes and luminescent dyes, a single LED can produce bright light emissions at altered wavelengths. The resulting mixture of colors is visible to the human eye as white light.
Sidebar: Why Use Remote Source Lighting?
The separation of the source from the illuminated area and the ability to light multiple locations with one source leads to several benefits.
Removes infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) energy. We often call the light emitted from an RSL system "cold" because it contains no IR (heat) energy. The system filters out most of the IR as well as UV energy produced by the source. You can safely light materials such as textiles, paintings, and food products, since most of the degrading IR and UV energy isn't present in the light beam.
Solves personnel and security concerns. Because there are no electrical parts in the light guides, you can safely use RSL systems in classified locations, such as areas with explosive gases or in wet locations, like pools and fountains. The light guides also carry light instead of electricity. Thus, there's no electrical power in the vicinity of the light-emitting parts (a safety consideration), so there are no electromagnetic fields present where the light emits. This means you can use RSL systems in areas with EMI sensitive electronic equipment, such as a magnetic resonance imaging room.
Putting the light source outside of a secured enclosure, such as a display case of costly objects, means you don't have to open the display area for servicing. This prevents theft or breakage and disruption of climate control. Additionally, hiding the light source keeps it away from vandals.
Simplifies maintenance. Replacing a system using multiple lamps with one using only one lamp means you have to replace just a single lamp. You can put the light source in a convenient, safe, accessible place. This greatly simplifies maintenance. Consider a high-ceiling application, such as downlighting for an atrium or over an escalator. With an RSL system, you don't need scaffolding or lifts to reach the lamp and associated equipment/electronics because they're located at an accessible place.
Reduces energy consumption. An RSL installation, with a single, high-efficacy light source (such as HID) is more efficient than an installation using many less efficacious lamps. As such, you'll use less energy for air conditioning because RSL systems emit less heat than conventional systems.
Increases design freedom. There are no creative restrictions regarding any light design with FO or light guide lighting. That's because you're able to install "light" at almost any location and combine different light intensities and effects. An FO lighting system is completely unobtrusive, since only the end housing hardware is visible. Additionally, you can retrofit thin optical fiber cabling into the ceiling or wall of an existing structure.
Most manufacturers provide detailed instructions on how to mate an optical fiber run to a fixture or end fitting. In all cases, however, you must make sure you keep both the fixture and optical surfaces of the fiber clean and dust-free throughout the connection process. Any debris will reduce the amount of light delivered through the fixture.
Sidebar: FO Installation Concerns
Most fiber bundles attach to the fixture with a ferrule. This a tight-fitting sleeve that attaches to the free fiber end and helps to efficiently couple light to the fixture. Generally, ferrules come factory-made for a particular fixture. Manufacturers generally sell fixtures as part of an entire FO system, but they are also available as individual units for field design and installation.
Sidebar: Other Light Sources for RSL Systems
You can use any light source for remote-source lighting, although the ideal source is one with a small area of light generation and high lumen output. The key is to combine a well-designed reflector with the source to direct light efficiently into the light guide. Here are some commonly used lamp/RSL systems packages:
- A 20W to 75W low-voltage MR16 lamp and an FO system in museums and display lighting.
- A 70W to 250W metal-halide lamp in an FO or prism-light guide system for architectural and outdoor lighting.
- Tubular and compact fluorescent lamps in prism light guide light boxes, where you need a larger, diffuse source.
You can even use the sun. For example, a daylight harvesting system of mirrors or lenses transmits sunlight to FO or prism-light guide systems.


text:
www.otomodif.net Yamaha Mio Soul 2011
Yanuar Ramadhani from Pontiac that had a 2011 Yamaha Mio Soul wants skutiknya modified by apply from Thailand. Create in Jakarta or Java, he said probably not exceptional, but for the city of Equatorial so something strange.
In the remodel Mio, Yanuar not want to rewind the wheel axis low rider style. Touches conducted on both the wheel rim 17 using a small tire wrapped to prevent rubbing against the box filter.
Finished wheel, choosing variations that optimize the supporting bolt-on products. The principle of harmonization may be crowded origin is maintained. Like the rear disc brake deliberately chosen colors. Likewise dengnan brake hoses, pulleys and even different colors are also given special because it used a perforated cover CVT.
Add a sip, the body is wrapped around the LED light. Unfortunately not evidenced in the evening.
Interesting, Mio Soul is disposable engine cut-off of the car taped to the steering stem or handlebars. Its function is not lethal to turn the machine, said Yanuar, but turn on the LED light. Then, the standard swing arm has been replaced custom models.
www.otomodif.net Yamaha Mio Soul 2011
Tags: around-the-led, crowded-origin, like-the-rear, not-exceptional, prevent-rubbing, special-because, supporting, the-supporting, wants-skutiknya

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Closing ArtFire Store
Posted 17 March 2012 - 04:22 PM
I am no longer selling on Artfire so please come see us on Etsy http://www.hatz4brats.etsy.com I have been selling on Etsy for over 4 years and it's a good fit for my upper end pet apparel.
Running the 2 shops was just overwhelming and I am getting my own dot com set up so one of them had to go. From hours of customer feedback, everyone seemed to like the Etsy shop better so that's where I am now selling.
Come see us and all the Iggy models. Even Starry, my skitzy rescue girl is modeling now!!!
Thanks for your support. PLEASE use coupon code IGWHISPERS for a 10% discount in my Etsy shop.
You may also email me anytime to order firstname.lastname@example.com
Petwear: www.spoiledbratzwear.com
Rescue: www.silverhounds.org
Pet Wellness: www.holistic-hounds.com
Posted 18 March 2012 - 03:29 AM
Allie's webpage
Riley's webpage
Tara's webpage
Posted 18 March 2012 - 09:44 AM
Savage Whiskers - A Memorial Page for Twiggy
Posted 29 March 2012 - 06:47 PM
Posted 30 March 2012 - 02:29 AM
I LOVE the zebra suit with the tail!!! I can't see Neba wearing it since it is a hoodie outfit, though. Do you make tennis skirts for girls? Neba has a short sleeved polo shirt and I think she would look adorable in that with a white tennis skirt and a pair of sneakers.
Michaela, I'm not sure that Holly checks in here very often, but you can contact her via her etsy store. I'm sure she could accommodate your wishes. She always does with me.
- mathy likes this
Allie's webpage
Riley's webpage
Tara's webpage
1 user(s) are reading this topic
0 members, 1 guests, 0 anonymous users


text:
The 2.4-mile swim course is a unique, point-to-point swim set in a rolling start fashion (athlete position is first-come, first-serve). Athletes will jump off the dock adjacent to Tumbleweed Tex Mex Grill & Margarita Bar and finishes at the wharf just west of the Great Lawn. The point-to-point swim begins in the protected waters behind Towhead Island before athletes enter the Ohio River's main channel and swim downstream toward the finish at the wharf by Joe's Crab Shack, just past The Great Lawn. The swim course will close two hours and 20 minutes after the final athlete enters the water (projected to be by 8:10 AM) and water temperature will hover in the mid-60s F.
View |


text:
When can you register for classes? For Fall and Spring semesters, we will send you an email with an appointment time. Verify and/or update your email address in WebAdvisor. If you try to register prior to your appointment date and time, WebAdvisor will advise you of your appointment date and time. Assigning appointment times helps us stagger the initial rush to register for classes online so it doesn't overwhelm our system.
When using WebAdvisor, you can pay with Visa or Mastercard and there are no surcharges.
Have questions? See our registration help page.
Forgot your appointment time? Log in to WebAdvisor and try registering. If you are too early, WebAdvisor will remind you of your appointment date and time.
Caution: Don't get stuck owing us money for classes you forgot to drop! If you enroll in a class and then change your mind and decide not to attend it, you need to officially drop the class before the refund deadline. Otherwise you will owe us for the fees. WE DO NOT AUTOMATICALLY DROP YOU FROM UNPAID COURSES. An unpaid debt will prevent you from registering in the future, obtaining official transcripts and receiving your certificate/diploma.


text:
Add vehicles to compare. You can compare up to 3 vehicles at a time.
Get the Chevrolet Cruze at Lynch Chevrolet of Mukwonago. Driving this spectacular vehicle leaves a lasting impression. Not only is this compact car stylish, it also offers plenty of ways to stay entertained. The new Chevrolet Cruze, offered in Mukwonago, is equipped with standard MyLink with a 7-inch diagonal color touch-screen so your music is always within reach. Plus, the available 4G LTE Wi-Fi keeps you connected throughout your drive. Our inventory of new Chevrolet vehicles is the perfect place to find what you need. If you're looking for financing options, our specialists will assist you with them as well. Drop by to test-drive the new Chevrolet Cruze in Mukwonago today!
New Cars for Sale in Mukwonago, WI
Great Selection of New Chevy Vehicles Available for Drivers from Mukwonago, Greenfield, Waukesha, New Berlin, Pewaukee and Milwaukee!
The Chevrolet automotive brand has earned a well-deserved reputation of manufacturing a wide range of the most dependable vehicles in the industry. Whether you are interested in purchasing a high-quality car, SUV, truck or cargo van, it is always a smart decision to go with Chevy. Lynch Chevrolet of Mukwonago offers our customers throughout the state of Wisconsin the full lineup of new 2018 Chevy vehicles at competitive prices, and customer satisfaction is a guarantee!
Which Chevy is Right For You?
Our new Chevy inventory consists of practical, affordable and efficient cars like the 2018 Chevrolet Cruze, Impala, Malibu, Sonic and Spark. If fuel economy and leaving a small global footprint is your main priority, then the electric 2018 Chevy Volt is for you! If speed and horsepower under the hood are where your priorities are, we carry the 2018 Chevy Camaro and the 2018 Corvette! These performance cars are an absolute blast to drive and are sure to bring on an adrenaline rush. If you are seeking a capable and high-tech SUV or crossover, we also carry the 2018 Chevrolet Trax, Equinox, Traverse, Tahoe and the Suburban! If you need serious storage room, consider the 2018 Chevrolet Express Cargo Van. Last and certainly not least, our new inventory also includes the extremely tough and reliable 2018 Chevrolet Colorado, Silverado 1500, Silverado 2500HD and the Silverado 3500HD trucks. Make light work of any job with these pickups. Which 2018 Chevy will you choose?
Great Selection of Used Vehicles at Lynch Chevrolet of Mukwonago!
We are aware and certainly understand that purchasing a new vehicle is not an ideal option for everyone. In order for Lynch Chevrolet of Mukwonago to best-serve all types of automotive shoppers throughout the state of Wisconsin, we provide an exceptional selection of pre-owned inventory that includes a variety of auto brands, models, trim levels, years, price ranges, mileage and more. We carry an impressive amount of used automobiles, and we are confident we have one that can fit your unique preferences, budget and lifestyle. All of the used vehicles that we have for sale have been carefully inspected for quality control by our service team, to ensure they are still in pristine condition. A low price never means low quality at our dealership.
Whether you are interested in a car, SUV, truck or van, Lynch Chevrolet of Mukwonago has something perfect for you. We carry nearly all brands in the industry, including Audi, BMW, Chrysler, Dodge, Ford, Honda, Jeep, Nissan, Pontiac, Ram, Volkswagen and much more! We encourage you to explore this used inventory page to see all that is available with updated listings and prices. Of course, you can visit our dealership and talk about what you are shopping for with one of our approachable and knowledgeable sales professionals. They are well-prepared and more than happy to help in any way they can!
Certified Pre-Owned Chevrolet Vehicles Provide Amazing Value and Peace-of-Mind to Mukwonago, WI Drivers!
Lynch Chevrolet of Mukwonago is proud to offer our customers the Chevy certified advantage. These certified pre-owned Chevrolet vehicles are the best-of-the-best of our used inventory, and they sure do offer an incredible amount of value for shoppers in Mukwonago, Greenfield, Waukesha, New Berlin, Pewaukee and Milwaukee. If you are searching for a pre-owned Chevy car, SUV, crossover or truck of the absolute highest quality possible, then these automobiles are for you!
What are the Advantages of Buying a Certified Pre-Owned Chevy?
There are many included benefits of the Chevrolet certified program, as it is one of the most comprehensive used-vehicle packages in the industry. Listed below are the highlights you will enjoy when you buy a certified Chevy:
- A thorough 172-point inspection and reconditioning process was successfully completed
- Included is a 6-year/ 100,000-mile powertrain warranty as well as a 12-month/ 12,000-mile bumper-to-bumper warranty with $0 deductible for both!
- A CPO Scheduled Maintenance Program is provided along with two complimentary maintenance visits
- Free full vehicle history report from CARFAX is provided
- A complimentary 3-month trail of OnStar Guidance Plan is included
- A complimentary 3-month trial subscription to SiriusXM All Access package is also included!
We Welcome You To Visit Lynch Chevrolet of Mukwonago!
Come see for yourself all that we have to offer our customers from the Mukwonago, Greenfield, Waukesha, New Berlin, Pewaukee and Milwaukee areas of Wisconsin. In addition to our used inventory, we have a great finance center that will assist you obtain an attractive auto loan or lease! Visit Lynch Chevrolet of Mukwonago at 280 E. Wolf Run and enjoy a truly special vehicle-purchasing experience.


text:
Charitable Giving
Our vision is to inspire and empower care and kindness in our community.
We offer time, talent and treasure to local organizations that make our community a better place.
Here is a partial list of local organizations who have received grants from the Lyon Cares Foundation:
- Maryhouse
- A Community for Peace
- The Grace Foundation of Northern California
- St. Joseph Parish Charities
- Breakthrough Sacramento
- Boys & Girls Club of Placer County
- Francis House Center
- Wind Youth Services
- Turning Point Community Programs
- HomeAid
- Rebuilding Together Sacramento
- Family Promise of Sacramento
- Lighthouse Counseling & Family Resources Center
- Food Bank of El Dorado County
- Wellspring Women's Center
- Amador Community Foundation (Butte Fire Relief)
- Women of Worth
- Stand Up Placer
- My Sister's House
- The Taylor House
- Davis Schools Foundation
- Only Kindness
- Twin Lakes Food Bank
- Mother Teresa Maternity Home
- Me One
- Shriner's Hospital
- Discovery All Stars
- Next Move
- Veterans Resource Center
- New Morning Youth and Family Services
- Child Abuse Prevention Council
- Stanford Youth Solutions
- Yolo Crisis Nursery
- Fairy Tale Town
- Children's Receiving Home
- Chicks in Crisis
- CASA of El Dorado County
- Feed My Starving Children
- Wellspring Women's Center
- Mercy Multiplied


text:
|Version 14 (modified by 7 years ago) (diff),
SEAT plugin: SEarch wiki and ticket ATtachments
Notice: This plugin is unmaintained and available for adoption.
This plugin allows text integral search in wiki and ticket attachments (.pdf, .doc,.ppt,...). The SEAT plugin has the following features:
- new Attachments source to the search page
- an excerpt of the matching documents is presented in the result page
- any format is supported as long as there is a command line tool for plain text conversion (filter command)
Bugs/Feature Requests
Existing bugs and feature requests for SearchAttachmentsPlugin are here. If you have any issues, create a new ticket.
Download and Source
Download the [download:searchattachmentsplugin zipped source], check out using Subversion, or browse the source with Trac.
How to install?
- Install swish-e, http://swish-e.org/
- Install filter tools for the formats you want to index:
catppt, http://www.45.free.net/~vitus/software/catdoc/
pdftotext, http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/
- Download the code from http://trac-hacks.org/wiki/SearchAttachmentsPlugin to YOUR_SOURCE_DIR
- Install the plugin
python setup.py bdist_egg cp dist/TracSearchAttachmentsPlugin-0.1-py2.4.egg /path/to/your/env/plugins/
- Trac 10.x and 11.x source code must be manually modified for SEAT plugin to work. The file to modify is attachment.py, on a Linux Fedora system, it is located in /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/trac
Comment: This is already done for Trac 11.4
162 def insert(self, filename, fileobj, size, t=None, db=None): ... ... 184 try: 185 # Note: `path` is an unicode string because `self.path` was one. 186 # As it contains only quoted chars and numbers, we can use `ascii` 187 basename = os.path.basename(path).encode('ascii') 188 filename = unicode_unquote(basename) 189 190 cursor = db.cursor() 191 cursor.execute("INSERT INTO attachment " 192 "VALUES (%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)", 193 (self.parent_type, self.parent_id, filename, 194 self.size, self.time, self.description, self.author, 195 self.ipnr)) 196 shutil.copyfileobj(fileobj, targetfile) 197 self.filename = filename 198 199 self.env.log.info('New attachment: %s by %s', self.title, 200 self.author) 201 202 if handle_ta: 203 db.commit() 204 205 targetfile.close() # << Line to add for SEAT plugin 206 207 for listener in AttachmentModule(self.env).change_listeners: 208 listener.attachment_added(self) 209 finally: 210 targetfile.close()
- Use the trac-seat utility to index existing attachments:
cp YOUR_SOURCE_DIR/searchattachmentsplugin/0.10/trac-seat /path/to/your/env/index cd /path/to/your/env/index chmod +x trac-seat ./trac-seat /path/to/your/env meta ./trac-seat /path/to/your/env index -c cd .. chown -R apache:apache /path/to.your/env/index
Comment: On Trac 11.4 I think that should be /path/to/your/env/attachments/index
- Configure trac.ini
[components] .... searchattachments.* = enabled [attachment] ... # This is the path to the swish-e command on your system swish = /usr/local/bin/swish-e seat = /path/to/your/env/trac-seat # The first %s is the absolute path of the input file. # The second %s is the absolute path of the text file generated by the command. filter.doc = /usr/local/bin/catdoc -b "%s" > "%s" filter.ppt = /usr/local/bin/catppt "%s" > "%s" filter.pdf = /usr/bin/pdftotext "%s" "%s"
Comment: I have had better success omitting the -b flag to catdoc
Comment: Changed config section to [attachment] which is what's actually used in the sources (not [attachments]). This should also be corrected in the plugin's README.
There is no need to declare a filter command for .txt or .text. Text files are handled natively. To index a new non-text format, just add a filter.* entry using the appropriate command line tool for this format.filter.EXTENSION = path_to_EXTENSION_to_text_command -infile "%s" -outfile "%s"
- restart the trac server
Unofficial Comments
I downloaded the plugin, but it does not include a version for trac 0.11. There are also reports on the web that it in fact does not work with trac 0.11. Does anyone know of an update?
Well, this in an inofficial upddate, but as we use SEAT and are about to update from 0.10 to 0.11 we have updated the source as well. If you download the attachment, it contains the source for both Trac-versions.
See ticket:10219 for a patch with changes I had to apply to make SearchAttachmentsPlugin work for me (currently running on Trac 0.11.4).
- I did not use the patch mentioned in the comment above.
- I didn't update files in the 0.10 directory
Recent Changes


text:
The official Staines Lammas FC app
The Lucan Pavilion Recreation Ground The Broadway, Laleham Staines Surrey TW18 1RZ View with Google Maps
This website is part of the Pitchero Football network. Create your own free Football club website with Pitchero.
Digital advertising by Minute Media
© Pitch Hero Ltd 2008-2019
Pitch Hero Ltd Registered in ENGLAND | WF3 1DR | Company Number - 636 1033


text: Considerable effort has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the listings and information shown and we regret any errors or omissions. The catalogue was prepared by the International Relations and Marketing Section of Alberta Agriculture and Forestry (AF) and neither the Department nor any of its employees assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of the information. The listing of any company or product in this catalogue does not reflect an endorsement of the company or product by AF.


text:
An informational meeting is being held tonight to provide more information about the Honor Flight happening in September. Nancy Craig with Honor Flight Eastern Iowa says this meeting is open to World War II Veterans or family members who would like to learn more about the trip.
She adds the day will consist of visiting different monuments in Washington, DC, witness the changing of the Guard at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier along with visiting with elected officials.
Any area World War II Vets interested in going on the trip have until the end of the month to sign up and the informational meeting tonight begins at 6:00 in the Washington Public Library.


text:
British actor Robert Kazinsky suffered a sleepless night ahead of a "terrifying" nude scene in "True Blood" with the show's star Anna Paquin.
The former "EastEnders" star has landed his big break in the U.S. with a role in the hit vampire series, but admits he was overcome with nerves when he was told to strip off for his first nude scene ever.
Kazinsky insists he was reluctant to take his clothes off and feared he would be compared to the show's hunky star Joe Manganiello.
He tells Britain's Daily Mirror, "I have never had to be naked before. … For me it was pretty damn terrifying. No one cared apart from me. They were like, just take your clothes off, now, we are running out of time. But it was absolutely jaw dropping and terrifying. … You get given a day's notice and I was up all night stressing about it and how bad I am going to look next to Joe. I am a redhead and very pale and in a stark moonlight I do glow. I have a glowing [bleep]."
However, Kazinsky insists the friendly crew put him at ease and he was thankful to be shooting the scene with Paquin as she was so understanding.
He adds, "Everyone is so friendly and treats it as just a scene. You essentially remove your ego then your clothing and as the shame begins, the ego drops off. … It wouldn't be so easy if I wasn't working with Anna. She's so professional.
"I don't want to say she is really experienced at getting her clothes off, but on this show she is. Before the scenes she said from day one 'Shut up' and 'Do it – if I am doing it you're doing it'."


text:
The Bridge
Join us at The Bridge, our warm and welcoming lounge where everything has been designed with your comfort in mind. Try our tasty Bistro fare, hot breads from the Bakery, or a drink from the Coffee Loft.
We welcome First and Business passengers, along with selected Marco Polo Club members and oneworld frequent flyers.
Open Daily from 5.30am, closed at 00.30am
Level 5, west concourse near gate 35 and the terminal passenger train


text:
- Home
- News
- Sports
- Opinion
- Obituaries
- Features
- Special Sections
- Classifieds
- Public Notices
A Taylorsville Police officer was arrested early Saturday morning after bringing out a gun after a verbal altercation with his wife.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the The Spencer Magnet, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
|ZIP Code:


text:
For the Nuit Blanche: Bring to Light on October 1, artist Marcos Zota projected a giant eyeball onto the bottom of the Milton Street water tower in Brooklyn. Conceived as a commentary of gentrification in the neighborhood, the piece also makes for a serviceable stand-in for a Martian invader.
Explains Zota of the projection:
CCTV/Creative Control seeks to question the oppressive mechanisms and discourses implemented in the city through the temporary appropriation of public space. The intervention consists of a video projection displaying an over-sized eye onto the lower surface of the 10-storey-hight Milton Street water tower in Brooklyn, New York. Still the highest point in the area, until it is dwarfed by new gentrification plans, the water tower exists as a relic of the neighbourhood's industrial past. The intervention temporarily transforms this iconic landmark into a discernible CCTV tower, raising questions of private control over public space in the urban context.
[Marcos Zotes via Laughing Squid]


text:
Last week I showed you most of the video clips of me fucking Kaydence Skye as her brother filmed it – this week, I'll let you see me cumming all over her shaved little cunt then stuffing my cock back in her tight little cunt and finishing my orgasm – creampie style. If you want to know the entire story on how I got to fuck this tattooed teen cheerleader, you'll have to read the earlier posts but let me just say, she's as fun to watch as she is to fuck – you can even ask her brother because he was the one holding the camera only inches from his sister's little cunt as I fucked her tight little pussy. Hell – you can download the entire video on Bring Me Your Sister and enjoy more than these pissy little teasers.
In fact – there are a ton of hot "sisters" being filmed by their brothers in their very first porn video on my site – Bring Me Your Sister – no where else can you see such kinky family sex – where brothers pimp their sisters out in their very first porn video just to get a little revenge. And yes, I'm pretty sure thses brothers all go home and jerk off to their sister's videos. After all, it's the closest you can legally get to your sister's pussy – visit Bring Me Your Sister to see more hot sister porn.


text:
Device Characterization with the Keithley 4200-SCS
Audio podcast
Video podcast
Slides/Notes podcast
Licensed under
Published on
This training session is based on the Keithley 4200-SCS Semiconductor Characterization System. It is intended for beginning to intermediate users. It covers basic concepts, both of the instrument, as well as general measurement considerations.
The Keithley Model 4200-SCS Semiconductor Characterization System performs lab grade DC and pulse device characterization, real-time plotting, and analysis with high precision and sub-femtoamp resolution. The 4200-SCS offers the most advanced capabilities available in a fully integrated characterization system, including a complete, embedded PC with Windows operating system and mass storage. Its self-documenting, point-and-click interface speeds and simplifies the process of taking data, so users can begin analyzing their results sooner. Additional features enable stress-measure capabilities suitable for a variety of reliability tests.
- Model 4200-SCS Semiconductor Characterization System product webpage
- Model 4210-CVU 1kHz - 10MHz Capacitance Voltage Measurement Unit product webpage
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:
Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN


text:
The Blackburn Super Flea commuter light is the latest incarnation of the brand's small but mighty lamps, delivering an impressive 120 lumens from an hour's charge - perfect for clipping to work in the early morning gloom.
Sharp, angular styling and build quality is classic Blackburn but despite my initial excitement, I've had some reservations about the fact that you have to remove the silicone-backed Velcro strip and cart the docking station along to charge the light - minor, but irksome nonetheless. But a 'no quibble' lifetime warranty gives peace of mind if you think you might not get on with it.
The Super Flea will fit to any handlebar diameters, and it's tiny enough to please the style-conscious.
A tiny lithium polymer battery powers a single, super efficient CRE XP-G LED while the surprisingly glove friendly switch features a traffic light 'fuel gauge' system denoting battery life at a glance. Somewhat predictably, green confirms a full charge, things dip to amber between 75 and 25% whereupon it turns red, giving a short but sweet fifteen minute warning before cutting out.
Such incidents should be pretty infrequent, at least for desk-bound commuters who can charge during the day. Despite some initial reservations, the magnetic base ensures excellent connectivity with the charger from USB ports.
The lights are are better sealed from the elements than most, enduring horizontal rain without batting an eyelid and even a provocative sixty-second blast from the garden hose couldn't cause any mischief.
Broad angular lenses project an ultra crisp, road friendly beam that is just good enough for navigating the concrete jungle to around 15mph. I've tended to use mine as a back-up light though.
Peripherally it's pretty good too, although flashing is the best mode for grabbing attention, especially in slow moving traffic. Visibility averaged 300 metres.
Versatile and powerful light let down by fiddly Velcro handlebar mount.
If you're thinking of buying this product using a cashback deal why not use the road.cc Top Cashback page and get some top cashback while helping to support your favourite independent cycling website
road.cc test report
Make and model: Blackburn Super Flea front light
Size tested: Silver
Tell us what the light is for, and who it's aimed at. What do the manufacturers say about it? How does that compare to your own feelings about it?
"This light is so small but pushes more light then others many many times it size
- You used to need a battery the size of a water bottle to get this much light from a bike light
- This is one super compact, rechargeable Li-Polymer headlight
- Super-bright White CREE XPG R3 LED
- 120 Lumen output
- Magnetic USB smart charger
- Flexible and compact mounting system works for any handlebars
- 1.1 hr High, 2.5hr Std, 5hr flashing runtimes
- LED charge indicator
- Also works with the Flea helmet, head and hat mounting kit - EH2024357
- Blackburn no-quibble lifetime warranty".
Great power to size ratio means it behaves beautifully in most contexts so long as regularly charged.
Tell us some more about the technical aspects of the light?
· Super-small - 2.20" Lx1.30" W x.90" H
· Super-bright White CREE® XP-G LED
· Brilliant 120 Lumen output
· Rechargeable Li-polymer power
· Easy hookup magnetic USB smart charger, waterproof charging ports
· Versatile hook-and-loop strap mounting system
· LED fuel gauge/charge indicator
· 1 hr High, 3hr Std, 5hr flashing runtimes
· 34 grams
Trademark Blackburn,let down by a bargain basement Velcro mount.
Fiddly fitment/removal.
Very impressive-passed my hosepipe test with flying colours!
Broadly faithful to those quoted- we've consistently managed 58minutes in top, 2hrs 37 standard and 4hrs 43 in flashing.
Lovely to use, aside from the handlebar mount.
Reasonable when you consider the build quality and lifetime warranty.
Tell us how the light performed overall when used for its designed purpose
The Super flea is a small but capable contingency light that lends itself particularly well to calorie/clutter conscious best bikes but with enough presence for urban commuting. Weather-proofing is to an enviable standard too. However, run times are distinctly average-especialy in the highest setting and there's no excuse for sloppy fitting kit at this end of the spectrum.
Tell us what you particularly liked about the light
Smart angular styling, commendable output and build quality.
Tell us what you particularly disliked about the light
Low rent handlebar mount.
Did you enjoy using the light? Yes.
Would you consider buying the light? Yes but not at full RRP.
Would you recommend the light to a friend? Quite possibly but competition is pretty fierce at this end of the market.
About the tester
Age: 38 Height: 1m 81 Weight: 70 kilos
I usually ride: Rough Stuff Tourer Based around 4130 Univega mtb Frameset My best bike is: 1955 Holdsworth Road Path and several others including cross & traditional road
I've been riding for: Over 20 years I ride: Most days I would class myself as: Experienced
I regularly do the following types of riding: cyclo cross, commuting, touring, fixed/singlespeed, mtb,
Shaun Audane is a freelance writer/product tester with over twenty-eight years riding experience, the last twelve (120,000 miles) spent putting bikes and kit through their paces for a variety of publications. Previous generations of his family worked at manufacturing's sharp end, thus Shaun can weld, has a sound understanding of frame building practice and a preference for steel or titanium framesets.
Citing Richard Ballantine and an Au pair as his earliest cycling influences, he is presently writing a cycling book with particular focus upon women, families and disabled audiences (Having been a registered care manager and coached children at Herne Hill Velodrome in earlier careers)


text:
Column by Mark Gaedtke in Aug. 15 Tomahawk Leader
I'm confused. A few weeks ago I was happy for Floyd Landis, a handsome young American who despite the misfortune of being named "Floyd" rose to heights of the cycling world with an inspiring Tour de France victory. It was exciting to hear about his miraculous comeback through the mountainous portion of the race and his domination of the field, effectively taking over for the retired Lance Armstrong. Then not long after the race we had heard about a positive drug test and although we were concerned, we also knew of the French media which had habitually dogged Armstrong during his years of dominance and we trusted that things would work out for our man Floyd.
Then last week they tested Landis' "B" (backup) sample and found it to confirm the initial finding of an unusually high testosterone level in his bloodstream. This indicated that there had almost certainly been some kind of doping on the part of Landis, who even now continues to maintain his innocence. Since hearing that news, I had been peeved at Landis and disappointed that despite the overwhelming evidence to the contrary, he didn't come clean and confess.
Then yesterday, I was listening to the Sports Bash program on our local WJJQ radio and the announcer brought up some interesting points to consider. (1) At the Tour de France samples are taken from each racer after each day's run. There was no trace of artificial testosterone on either the day before or the day after the finding of the tainted sample. From what I understand about these things, unnatural levels of testosterone do not simply get flushed out of your system overnight. (2) The kind of testosterone found in the Landis sample does not make you bigger, stronger or even faster immediately, like Popeye's spinach. It must be taken on a regular basis over an extended period of time. One large shot of testosterone during one day in a competition will do you virtually no good unless you are looking to get kicked out of cycling permanently. Don't you think Landis must've known that? (3) All lab sample container were marked with the names of the competitors and up to a dozen lab personnel had access to these samples. That means no anonymity of samples and no measures against tampering. So if I needed money fast I could bet $10,000 on the man in second place and then taint the sample of the guy in first. I don't want to drape Landis in the American flag, but do you think there is anybody in France who might be sick and tired of Americans winning and might want to do something about it?
It all seems a little fishy to me. Personally, if I was going to cheat to win I would make sure to inject myself with something that would actually help me win and not simply get me busted. Also, how did all that testosterone get purged from Landis' system in 24 hours? If they put competitor's names on the drug tests, are they doing all they can to avoid tampering? After all, these are people's lives they're playing with. In a U.S. court of law all these issues would've been addressed. In the worldwide court of public opinion, however, Landis will be considered guilty until proven innocent with no way of clearing his name. Landis has been fired from his cycling team and it remains to be seen whether he will be stripped of his Tour de France title. The president of the International Association of Professional Cycling Teams has threatened to sue Landis for criticizing the testing procedure. (Landis had called the test "fatally flawed.") Maybe he should sue. He might be doing Landis a favor.
Please understand. I'm not saying Landis is innocent. What I am saying is things are never quite as black and white as some people would have you think. There's a Chinese saying that goes, "A man with a clock knows what time it is. A man with two clocks isn't sure." As we learn more and more we become less and less sure about what we know. There is a fine line between cheater and champion and with each passing day that line seems to have become less and less defined.
Stay tuned.
Fine line between cheater, champion
We encourage you to respond to our opinions. We will try to make an editorial or column available for discussion each week.
1 post • Page 1 of 1
- Administrator
- Posts: 679
- Joined: Tue Jul 31, 2001 1:01 am
- Contact:
1 post • Page 1 of 1
Who is online
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 6 guests


text:
Your list is empty.
Save musicians, entertainers, speakers, and services, and they'll appear here.
Crooners Near You
Have you ever thought "they just don't make music like they used to?" You turn on the radio now and hear the screams of rock stars, the booming bass lines of hip hop music, or that wretched thing called "auto-tune." What happened to old fashioned wholesome music? Just a sharp dressed guy in front of a microphone singing...or a better term - crooning. Lucky for you, the genre isn't completely lost. These crooners are keeping that old sound and style alive, paying tribute to the original crooners, singing all the pop standards of the 20s through 50s.
Where do you need a Crooner?
About booking Crooners
Andy Williams, Bing Crosby and Frank Sintra were all recognized crooners. This technique of singing became popular in the late 1920's through the early 1960's and is often associated with influences ranging from jazz, romantic ballads, big-band, swing, and ambient mood music, as well as popular film soundtracks. Whatever your event, a Crooner can offer music that is unique and inviting to all types of guests.
There are a few things you should do when booking a crooner. First, you should always listen to audio and watch video samples. This will ensure that you book the best for your special event. Next, be sure to get a contract. Make sure to read the Crooner's contract carefully and watch for specifications made by the singer. Last, it's a good idea to read reviews and get references. Talk to people in the area and previous clients about the Crooner you intend to hire.
Crooners around Ashburn, VA:
The Summit Tribute Group, featuring Eric Richardson…(23)
Dean Martin Impersonator / Crooner
Baltimore, MD
28 Verified Bookings
Recent review: Eric was fabulous. His performances were first rate and he stayed in character for the guests…
James Anthony's Salute To Sinatra(14)
Swing Band / Crooner
Washington, DC
8 Verified Bookings
Recent review: James was amazing, he was very professional leading up to the event. He arrived early to rehearse,…
Tune Up!(2)
A Cappella Group / Crooner
Ashburn, VA
4 Verified Bookings
Recent review: These guys came down at the last minute and worked with us on a pretty complicated television…
Nik Noel from NoVa(38)
Santa Claus / Crooner
Herndon, VA
72 Verified Bookings
Recent review: Nik is the Santa you want to hire! His appearance and professionalism exceeded our expectations.…
Crooners for hire across the U.S. and Canada:
United States:
- Alabama
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District Of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
- Alberta
- British Columbia
- New Brunswick
- Ontario
Want more Crooner gigs?
If you provide Crooner services in the United States or Canada, get more gigs by joining GigSalad.


text:
- Health
Patient Care
I Want To...
I Want To...
Find Research Faculty
Enter the last name, specialty or keyword for your search below.
School of Medicine
I Want to...
Apply for Admission
Or find a doctor at another Johns Hopkins Medicine Member Hospital:
Natalie Elliott West, M.D., M.H.S.
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Expertise: Cystic Fibrosis, General Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lung Transplant
Research Interests: Home spirometry and symptom monitoring in CF patients; Outcomes in cystic fibrosis; Treatment of pulmonary exacerbations ...read more
Request an Appointment
I live in Maryland
Request an appointment through My
I live outside of Maryland
Request Appointment
I live outside of the United States
Request Appointment
The Johns Hopkins Hospital
1830 E. Monument Street 1830 Building 5th Floor Pulmonary Baltimore, MD 21287
Phone: 410-955-3467
Dr. Natalie West is an assistant professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Her areas of clinical expertise include cystic fibrosis, general internal medicine and internal medicine.
Dr. West completed her undergraduate work at the University of Florida and attended medical school at the University of South Florida. She then moved to Vanderbilt University for an internal medicine residency, where she served as a Hugh Jackson Morgan Chief Resident. Dr. West earned a Master of Health Science at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in 2011. Dr. West joined the Johns Hopkins Cystic Fibrosis Center's adult cystic fibrosis team as a faculty member in 2012, after completing her fellowship in pulmonary and critical medicine at Johns Hopkins.
Her research interests include home spirometry and symptom monitoring in CF patients, and outcomes in cystic fibrosis.
Dr. West was awarded a prestigious Shwachman Award from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation.
- Assistant Professor of Medicine
Departments / Divisions
- Medicine - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Medicine - Pulmonary and Respiratory
- Medicine - Pulmonary Medicine
Centers & Institutes
- MD, University of South Florida College of Medicine (2004)
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine / Internal Medicine (2008)
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine / Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (2012)
Board Certifications
- American Board of Internal Medicine / Pulmonary Disease (2012)
Research & Publications
Research Summary
Dr. West and her colleague Dr. Noah Lechtzin study the emergence of resistant bacteria and their effect on the lung function of people with cystic fibrosis.
Selected PublicationsView all on Pubmed
Garg S, Anderson SG, Oldroyd K, Berry C, Emdin CA, Peters SA, West NE, Kelly D, Balachandran K, McDonald J, Singh R, Devadathan S, Redwood S, Ludman PF, Rahimi K, Woodward M; British Cardiovascular Intervention Society and the National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research. "Outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention performed at offsite versus onsite surgical centers in the united kingdom." J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Jul 28;66(4):363-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.05.052.
Costopoulos C, Brown AJ, Teng Z, Hoole SP, West NE, Samady H, Bennett MR. "Intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography imaging of coronary atherosclerosis." Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015 Jul 8. [Epub ahead of print]
Brown AJ, Obaid DR, West NE, Goddard M, Bennett MR. "Cholesterol crystals identified using optical coherence tomography and virtual histology intravascular ultrasound." EuroIntervention. 2015 Jun 22;11(2):e1. doi: 10.4244/EIJV11I2A38.
Hoole SP, Brown AJ, Jaworski C, McCormick LM, Clarke SC, West NE. "Interpretation of fractional flow reserve in ST-elevation myocardial infarction culprit lesions." Coron Artery Dis. 2015 Sep;26(6):495-502. doi: 10.1097/MCA.0000000000000278.
Rajani NK, Brown AJ, McCormick LM, Parwaiz H, Kaushal A, Hoole SP, West NE. "Institutional switch from transfemoral to transradial vascular access for percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with a reduction in bleeding events: a singlecenter experience of >10,000 consecutive cases." J Interv Cardiol. 2015 Jun;28(3):296-304. doi: 10.1111/joic.12205
Obaid DR, Calvert PA, Gopalan D, Parker RA, Hoole SP, West NE, Goddard M, Rudd JH, Bennett MR. Atherosclerotic plaque composition and classification identified by coronary computed tomography: assessment of computed tomography-generated plaque maps compared with virtual histology intravascular ultrasound and histology. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013 Sep;6(5):655-64. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.112.000250. Epub 2013 Aug 19. PMID: 23960215
Meredith IT, Verheye S, Weissman NJ, Barragan P, Scott D, Valdés Chávarri M, West NE, Kelbæk H, Whitbourn R, Walters DL, Kubica J, Thuesen L, Masotti M, Banning A, Sjögren I, Stables RH, Allocco DJ, Dawkins KD. Six-month IVUS and two-year clinical outcomes in the EVOLVE FHU trial: a randomised evaluation of a novel bioabsorbable polymer-coated, everolimus-eluting stent. EuroIntervention. 2013 Jul;9(3):308-15. doi: 10.4244/EIJV9I3A52. PMID: 23872647 [PubMed - in process]
Brown AJ, McCormick LM, Hoole SP, West NE. Coregistered intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography imaging during implantation of a bioresorbable vascular scaffold. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013 Jul;6(7):e41-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2013.03.018. No abstract available. PMID: 23866193 [PubMed - in process]
Yu E, Calvert PA, Mercer JR, Harrison J, Baker L, Figg NL, Kumar S, Wang JC, Hurst LA, Obaid DR, Logan A, West NE, Clarke MC, Vidal-Puig A, Murphy MP, Bennett MR. Mitochondrial DNA damage can promote atherosclerosis independently of reactive oxygen species through effects on smooth muscle cells and monocytes and correlates with higher-risk plaques in humans. Circulation. 2013 Aug 13;128(7):702-12. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002271. Epub 2013 Jul 10. PMID: 23841983
Davies WR, Brown AJ, Watson W, McCormick LM, West NE, Dutka DP, Hoole SP. Remote ischemic preconditioning improves outcome at 6 years after elective percutaneous coronary intervention: the CRISP stent trial long-term follow-up. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2013 Jun;6(3):246-51. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.112.000184. Epub 2013 May 21. PMID: 23696599 [PubMed - in process]
Meredith IT, Verheye S, Weissman NJ, Barragan P, Scott D, Chávarri MV, West NE, Kelbæk H, Whitbourn R, Walters DL, Kubica J, Thuesen L, Masotti M, Banning A, Sjögren I, Stables RH, Allocco DJ, Dawkins KD. Six-month IVUS and two-year clinical outcomes in the EVOLVE FHU trial: a randomised evaluation of a novel bioabsorbable polymer-coated, everolimus-eluting stent. EuroIntervention. 2013 May 22. pii: 20130416-02. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 23688934
Brown AJ, McCormick LM, Gajendragadkar PR, Hoole SP, West NE. Initial SYNTAX Score Predicts Major Adverse Cardiac Events After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Angiology. 2013 Apr 9. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 23574751
Brown AJ, Hoole SP, McCormick LM, Malone-Lee M, Cacciottolo PJ, Schofield PM, West NE. Left bundle branch block with acute thrombotic occlusion is associated with increased myocardial jeopardy score and poor clinical outcomes in primary percutaneous coronary intervention activations. Heart. 2013 Jun;99(11):774-8. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-303194. Epub 2013 Mar 20. PMID: 23514976
West NE. The Year in Cardiology 2012: acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2013 Feb;34(6):422-6. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs462. Epub 2013 Jan 2. Review. PMID: 23284095
Vassiliou V, West NE, Hoole SP.Vassiliou V, West NE, Hoole SP. Kounis syndrome: not to be sneezed at. Heart. 2013 Jan;99(1):68. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302790. No abstract available. PMID: 23250785
Activities & Honors
- Shwachman Award, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation
Patient Ratings & Comments
The Patient Rating score is an average of all responses to physician related questions on the national CG-CAHPS Medical Practice patient experience survey through Press Ganey. Responses are measured on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the best score. Comments are also gathered from our CG-CAHPS Medical Practice Survey through Press Ganey and displayed in their entirety. Patients are de-identified for confidentiality and patient privacy.
- ...Loading ratings...
- ...
- ...
- ...
- ...
- ...


text:
Late registrations are still being accepted for the Fall Recreational season. Anyone
registering after May 31st may be placed on a wait list and will be
assigned to a team if/when space is available. A $15.00 nonrefundable
late fee will be imposed for each late registration accepted.
** Deadline for registering is May 31st **


text:
secret obsessions or habits !
edited March 2011 in Non-Animal Collective Discussion
any secret obsessions or habits that you want to discuss not sure if there is already a topic for this but mine is biting fingers jumping wierdly and just some random shizzz
This is like the thread that G.O. started about Bad Things We Have Done. Few admitted to anything and the one's who did weren't all that bad. I like the smell of my dogs' feet.
I like a Japanese pop star named Utada Hikaru. She's like Japan's Brittany, but a good musician, a good singer, a half decent song writer, not an attention whore, not a regular whore, and she's done the theme songs for my favorite series of video games.
I chew my fingernails as well and have as long as I can remember. That has been discussed somewhere before. I am obsessed with certain male celebrities (in a healthy way, I swear!) such as julian casablancas and jim sturgess. i've also become obsessed with cooking shows. I love curry and vintage luggage. And i'm goign to stop there before this becomes an 'about me' paragraph.
sorry i didnt have time to write my proper obsessions or habits cos i was at work but if i chew one of my fingers i have to chew all on one hand then move onto the other than chew my thumbs and then either one of my arms its strange, im obsessed with music and i get extremelly angry if someone turns my music off and i go mental at them i also get angry if someone turns off my xbox, im not a gaming freak it just annoys me !
[quote="we tigers"]I am obsessed with certain male celebrities (in a healthy way, I swear!) such as julian casablancas [/quote] Ha! I share this answer! (Latest obsession!: Demetri Martin. : P) Obsessed: .. I couldn't really live without my ipod. I don't know if thats an obsession though. I think about this idea of a future I have for myself often.. hm, cats? Habits: .. I don't even know! >.< Fun Fact!: Apparently (I read in an eco magazine) it takes aprox 66 days for an action to become a habit! :} It becomes a subconscious action..
that is preety amazing but i heard that it takes 28 days from my mum she is a psychologist/counsellor but i shall take youtr word for it, i have been biting my nails and clicking my knuckles ever since i can remember !
I have bitten my toenails before. Normally I just use scissors. But the option is there.
lately i've had this strange habit of making old man noises
it's HARD 2 ESSPLAIN [quote]julian casablancas [/quote] i have a picture of this guy CHOKING me
does that mean that you met him? ...can I see the picture?
no more pictures! NEVER AGAIN! i regret posting any in the first place
Habits: nail biting, cigarette smoking, drumming on my steering wheel Obsession: Zooey Deschanel...mmm
oooh yeah and smoking !
[quote="G.O. [!]"]no more pictures! NEVER AGAIN! i regret posting any in the first place [/quote] It's ok, I saved all your pictures to my hard drive. Not the one of Julian Casablancas choking you, though. I'd like to see that one. Did you get any hair or beard trimmings from him?
Nope! but at the time i had a shaved head... (only time i ever tried THAT... and only time i ever SHALL!) not a good look for me! (but with how messed up my hair is now it'll probably be the only option... crap!)
will you at least share the story? I can't imagine Julian strangling anyone...he seems like such a nice guy
i have an unhealthy addiction to cityville on facebook !! i cant help it i think it taunts me in sleep it calls my name or when you are looking at the screen while playing, it injects heroin into your eyes to make you crave it, it is seriously addictive i really cant help it !!
i don't really have any habits, besides smoking which i've been doing a lot more now that i stopped singing. i used to suck on my thumb a lot when i was a little kid and i still do it sometimes..
I've bit my toenails too. AND I like Utada Hikaru. She was childhood. And Easy Breezy is the best song ever.
haha i don't really like that song but still she's the bomb! I listen to her music more in a song based way than when I usually listen to music (usually albums all the way through). She's not really consistant and her newest English album kinda blew but when she writes a good song, damn she writes a good song. Fun fact, today is her birthday. heh.
I'm honestly not that familiar with her When I was little I was kinda obsessed with Kingdom Hearts, and she did the theme song for it, and then I felt like I was a SUPA BIG FAN by extention, but I guess I really wasn't. Happy birthday Hikki.
fuck i love Kingdom Hearts. I'm playing through one of the new ones right now haha. I'm not really a big fan either, but I've been playing those games since i was like 8 and only recently decided to listen to other songs besides those theme songs. Ha a few gems but generally not that good. I was just looking at her wikipedia page the other day and said hey shit her bdays in like 2 days!
I have a butterfly fetish.
Lord, it's turned into self-dissection. I can see what you're doing, where you're coming from, Dave. But the world is going to create a multitude of opportunities to crap all over you: be kind to yourself in the meantime.
I think you're right. I also think I'm going to edit that post and make it something a little more innocuous.
what the reading wini's post about his butterfly fetish i really thought i was missing something ah ha ha?
Yes, you missed something, it was pretty brutal, as you could tell from my comment. And then he edited it, as you could tell from his comment. And then you wandered in and got this lost squinty eye look but everything is ok now, dear. Pat pat pat.
i have a butter / fly fetish! when i see a fly on a stick of better it just cuts through my heart... like butter!
I pretty much only wear Mary Jane style shoes or cowboy boots. I have about ten different black cardigan sweaters. I can't wear socks to bed. I love to smell my dogs' feet.
it is a rabbit? or a habit! no i REALLY wanna know! [duck season!] i don't know who WOULD wear sockies to bread! my aunt is named mary jane! smokin mary joe in the rec broom closet!
if i am reading my mind randomly chooses a line that i have to re-read 5 times over !! it is quite the frustarting thing to do
don't even get me frustartred! __<" title="mad" /> i like to secretly put rocks in random people's trucks
it's becoming a SERIOUS problem! i can't stop!
I like to go on hunting trips with Cub Scouts. Trouble is, they almost always end up as prey.
that sounds like a set-up for a TO CATCH A PREDATOR joke waiting to happen!
They haven't caught me yet.
[quote="Dave"]I like to go on hunting trips with Cub Scouts. Trouble is, they almost always end up as prey.[/quote] the fuck...
I thought we agreed it was going to be a secret, deadfly.
Were you a Boy Scout? Are you still one? I was a Girl Scout throughout high school. Above questions directed at Deadfly.
im obsessed wit da obession to my secret obsessions of habitual obsessive habits
I'm currently trying to flirt via facebook privacy settings.
[quote="winilula"]Were you a Boy Scout? Are you still one? I was a Girl Scout throughout high school. Above questions directed at Deadfly.[/quote] No haha, but two of my best friends are. And my brother was a cub scout when he was young. A girl scout, eh? Did you get free cookies?? Cause I would join the Girl Scouts if I got free cookies. What kinda stuff do you do in girl scouts? [quote="Dave"]I thought we agreed it was going to be a secret, deadfly.[/quote] Such an agreement never took place!! You're outta here! btw, is your name really Dave? Cause I have a fun Dave-related tidbit to share.
My name is indeed Dave.
Lol me and my grouping friends call ourselves dave... Individually we just have our regular names, but as a collective we Are called Dave. Weird?
Nah, my group of friends, we call ourselves Lester. Seriously, though, I don't think it's weird. Maybe a little flattering.
does anyone call thie group of friends harrison ?
I call it Bob Marley or Satan, depending what mood I'm in. Edit: That's what a schizophrenic guy I knew for a short time used to alternate between. Edit: You could tell he was a sweet natured person. Just heartbreaking. Poor guy.
i like to put little gloves on people while they are sleeping!


text:
Four face up cards are shown and turned face down.
The backs of each card is shown to have Red backs.
The performer asks the spectator 'Which one of the cards had a Blue back?'
The spectator responds with 'None'.
'The performer say's' That's correct, none of the cards had a Blue back.'
The performer turns the cards face down and spreads them showing each one has a DIFFERENT COLOR BACK ! ... Green, Pink, Orange, Yellow !
Complete with everything you need to perform this Mini Miracle! Resets in seconds!
Do you own this product? Write a review.


text:
Scrapbook Journaling Prompt: Feelings List
Journaling about the date, place, and time of the photos on our scrapbook pages is easy. But sometimes going beyond that to write about your feelings can be a challenge. This list of feelings can help! Use it as a resource to identify feelings you had during the memoriy about which you're scrapbooking and start writing.
Download this list in PDF format to print out as is or download this list in PNG format to modify it when making a digital or traditional scrapbook layout.We have a feeling it will make journaling a lot easier!
Appeared in:
|To comment on this article you must be logged in. Not a member?


text:
Excerpt from: Gibson, Louis H.. Convenient Houses with Fifty Plans for the Housekeeper. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., 1889. pp13-14 Google Books. 22 Feb. 2010
- Herstoryan
- We all have a story to tell. Some speak louder than others. Listen closely to hear the stories of our ancestors echoing under our footsteps. They are the authors. We are the keepers.
Thursday, February 25, 2010
Herstoryan's Hearth: Convenient Houses (1889)
Excerpt from: Gibson, Louis H.. Convenient Houses with Fifty Plans for the Housekeeper. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., 1889. pp13-14 Google Books. 22 Feb. 2010
6 comments:
Very interesting and so true!ReplyDelete
I would love to have an opportunity to visit your library--- you have such an array of interesting books. Thanks for sharing.ReplyDelete
You see, I tell myself the same thing all the time. If I two bathrooms instead of one, I would have to clean two bathrooms instead of one. Makes perfect sense to me! :)ReplyDelete
Great post! Thanks for sharing.ReplyDelete
Also, congratulations on being named one of the 2010 Family Tree Magazine 40 Best Genealogy Blogs!
Bill ;-)
Author of "13 Ways to Tell Your Ancestor Stories"
I just LOVE old newspapers and what we find in them. I did a piece when we were traveling from 1999 to 2000, it was based on 1899 to 1900, the fears, the reality. What fun that was. I have to see if I still have that buried somewhere on my computer! LOLReplyDelete
Congrats on the top 40!!
What an interesting article -- and, as you say, so accurate 100 years later. It makes me wonder what my grandparents' homes looked like. I was just rereading some letters written to me by a great-aunt about her childhood home: 11 rooms! Well, there were 13 living children, but still. Eleven! Thanks for bringing this book to our attention. And if I didn't already say it, congratulations on being in the top 40! Very well-deserved.ReplyDelete


text:
PHILADELPHIA (AP) Jrue Holiday scored 26 points to help the Philadelphia 76ers beat the Utah Jazz 99-93 on Friday night.
Jason Richardson added 20 points for Philadelphia, which snapped a three-game home losing streak. Thaddeus Young scored 14 and Nick Young finished with 12.
The Sixers (5-4) dropped the first two games of a five-game homestand to Milwaukee and previously winless Detroit before bouncing back against Utah.
On Wednesday night against the Pistons, the Sixers set a dubious mark by shooting 29.8 percent from the field, the worst showing by them or an opponent since their home arena opened in 1996.
Paul Millsap led the Jazz (4-6) with 22 points while DeMarre Carroll added a career-high 17 and Al Jefferson had 15.


text:
WWDC will bring with it the first developer's looks at new versions of OS X and iOS; Apple VP Phil Schiller said so when the company announced WWDC's dates. According to Mark Gurman of 9to5Mac, OS X 10.9 will tout features geared toward "power users," among them better Spaces management for multi-monitor systems, tabbed browsing and more.
As a power user, I'm encouraged by the idea that Apple is dedicating time and resources to helping me get more out of the OS X user experience. That's a good start, but I hope Apple doesn't lose the forest through the trees. As intuitive as it is for many of us to use, OS X can still be daunting for new users, especially the new users assimilated by the "halo effect" of iOS devices they're already using.
Macs are supposed to "just work," but as the operating system has evolved so has the complexity of the Mac's interactions with the world around it. iCloud is still subject to random outages and problems - I spent hours last week trying to figure out why my wife's calendar and e-mail weren't synching, only to find after all that that my calendar had fallen out of sync as well. I've worked with users new to the platform that have absolutely no idea how to get their iPad to synchronize with their Mac.
iTunes is a horrible, bloated beast, and while its upgrade cycle isn't implictly tied to the operating system update schedule, that seems like a good time to deconstruct things a bit. iTunes has become this massive digital cloaca through which all information flows to iOS devices, and, oh yeah, it plays music and videos too. Maybe it's time for Apple to start breaking apart these features into separate applications, or just figuring out a less unwieldy way to let iTunes manage it all. And don't even get me started on iPhoto.
Jony Ive is responsible for the direction of Apple's Human Interface teams, and is apparently putting his stamp on iOS 7. I hope he's doing the same with OS X, because his minimalist sensibility is definitely needed in areas where OS X has become anything but minimal.
Source: 9to5Mac


text:
Last updated: April 18, 2012
Passing on the Torch
Passing on the Torch
Three compelling reasons for scientists to become involved in science education.
I. Science and Technology Give Us Our High Standard of Living
Our nation depends on the quality of our scientists and engineers to maintain our place in the competitive global scientific community. It is indeed a tragedy that the number of young people selecting science and engineering careers has not increased during a generation in which science and technology pervades every aspect of our lives. A variety of reasons, such as the uninteresting curricula in grades K-12 and teachers who are inadequately trained and poorly rewarded, have been given to explain this phenomenon. Some steps to remedy these problems are being taken, but your help is needed to solve this problem before the predicted shortage impacts on our society, economy, quality of life, and survival. You, as a trained scientist, can make a difference by personally making contact with young people. You can share your values, motivation, and expertise with students who are still willing to listen. You can make a difference.
You can promote a general understanding of the importance of science and its impact on our standard of living. You can help students develop an awareness of science. You cannot do this from your lab or through comfortable, impersonal lectures. But as a scientist who would like to share a method of solving problems that results in cumulative successes, you can help capable young students choose a career in science.
II. Our National Educational System Is in Crisis: We Are No Longer Competitive Internationally
Though most Americans are not scientifically literate, international studies of educational performance indicate that U.S. students rank near the bottom in achievement in science and mathematics. A study of National Assessment of Educational Progress has found that despite some small recent gains, the average performance of 17-year-olds in 1986 remained substantially lower than in 1969. A look at our educational system reveals some of the reasons for this situation. Few elementary teachers have even a rudimentary education in science and mathematics, and many junior and senior high school teachers of science and mathematics do not meet reasonable standards of preparation in those fields. It is the system, not the teachers, that is to blame for this state of affairs. Science and mathematics teachers have not been provided the opportunities needed to keep up with recent technological developments. Textbooks and methods of instruction often impede progress toward scientific literacy. They emphasize the learning of answers more than the exploration of questions, memorization rather than critical thinking, and reading instead of experimentation. This passive exposure to science is not enough to entice students to pursue careers in science.
III. Sharing the Excitement of Scientific Discovery
You can communicate the true nature of science, the excitement of the pursuit of the "truth," the durability of knowledge, and the evolution of thought. You can convey the excitement of discovery that a scientist experiences. You can help students understand that the norm of science is to modify ideas in the light of new knowledge; that powerful constructs tend to survive, grow more precise, and become widely accepted. Only the scientist can help the students understand that experiments that do not go well are not failures, but just the next step on a new path.
The best way to communicate the characteristics of scientific inquiry is through examples from your research:
- Science demands evidence.
- Science is a blend of logic and imagination.
- Science explains and predicts.
- Scientists identify and avoid bias.
- Science is not authoritarian.
- Accepted ethical principles generally govern the scientist.
You can make a difference. Come and experience the rewards of stimulating the minds of our youth and opening the door for them to a career in science.
The most important contribution that a scientist can make in the classroom is the modeling of the real scientific research skills of investigation, critical thinking, imagination, intuition, playfulness, and thinking on your feet and using your hands. Some of the most exciting lessons are in content areas outside of the scientist's expertise, such as investigating a problem to which no one has an answer. The excitement of science can best be conveyed to students by involving them in investigation that is open-ended, inquiry-based, and student-driven.


text:
Tonight's Concert Picks: Ginger Baker's Jazz Confusion at Havana New Hope, Eubanks Brothers at Chris' Jazz Cafe, Kingsfoil at Chameleon Club and more
Lengendary drummer Ginger Baker returns with this latest project, Ginger Baker's Jazz Confusion, at Havana New Hope Tonight. Recently, he released Why?, his first album in 15 years, a fusion of jazz and rock. Though the drummer recently turned 75, he's still relentlessly touring and rocking out. Over the years, Baker has played with bands like Cream and Blind Faith as well as his own solo work. Earlier this year, he released an Anthology "A Drummer's Tale" album along with a picture book chronicling his career. He also did a very inspiring interview with BBC 2. Listen to a live recording of Ginger Baker's Jazz Confusion below. Get more information about the show at the XPN Concert Calendar.


text:
You are here
Measuring the Benefit of Federal Tax Expenditures Used by Small Business
November 2013 No. 415
Measuring the Benefit of Federal Tax Expenditures
Used by Small Business
By Quantria Stategies: John O'Hare, Mary Schmitt, Judy Xanthopoulos, Luray, VA 22835.
60 pages.Under contract number SBAHQ-12-Q-0043.
Tax expenditures are provisions in the tax law designed to benefit specific groups of taxpayers. They are similar to spending programs but generally do not involve direct federal outlays. Rather, they work through the income tax system, taking the form of special credits, exemptions, deductions, exclusions, and preferential rates. This study estimates the utilization of federal tax expenditure provisions by small and large businesses in 2013.
By design, most tax expenditures provide incentives for taxpayers to engage in, or increase their contribution to, activities in which they ordinarily would not engage in the absence of the provision. For example, some of the largest federal tax expenditures involve incentives for home ownership (e.g., the mortgage interest and property tax deductions), investment (e.g., accelerated cost recovery for equipment and structures), healthcare (e.g., exclusion for employer-provided insurance), and research (e.g., expensing of research and experimental expenditures).
Tax expenditures are typically viewed as tax loopholes or special tax breaks for limited classes of taxpayers. However, many of the provisions identified as tax expenditures are broadly available to individual or business taxpayers.
The complete picture of the use and impact of tax expenditures by small businesses requires examining the legal form of a small business and the tax advantages afforded each entity type under the tax law. About 80 percent of small businesses organize as sole proprietorships and report their income, deductions, credits, and tax liability on Form 1040 (Schedule C) (Figure 1). Another 16 percent of small businesses are pass-through entities such as partnerships and S corporations and report their taxable income on Form 1040 (Schedule E). The 3 percent of small businesses that organize as C corporations report their business income and taxes on the Corporate Income Tax Form 1120. Among larger firms, 50 percent are S corporations, 25 percent are C corporations, and 25 percent are partnerships (including LLCs).
The federal tax treatment of company profits differs for C corporations versus S corporations, partnerships and sole proprietorships (which are often called pass-through entities). The C corporation rather than the shareholders of the company pays taxes on its profits.[1] In contrast, the profits and expenses of the pass-through entities are allocated to their owner(s) and taxed at the individual's income tax rates.
This research looks at tax expenditures for each legal form and the tax advantages afforded each under the tax law. The study defines small business as: S corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships with less than $10 million in gross receipts and C corporations with less than $10 million in assets.
Overall Findings
In 2013, the largest federal tax expenditure provisions utilized by all businesses accounted for an estimated total of $161 billion.[2] This study finds that small businesses use approximately $40 billion, or 25 percent of the total. Small businesses benefit from different tax expenditures than larger businesses.
One area in which there is a difference is employer contributions to employee retirement and health benefit plans. Under current law, these contributions are tax deductible business expenses for both C corporations and certain pass-through entities. However, for the C corporation, the employer's contribution for retirement and health insurance premiums is not counted as taxable income to the employee, and therefore is not considered a tax expenditure to the firm. In contrast, because many of the owners of pass-through entities are also the firms' employees, there are significant tax expenditures for the deductions for retirement and health insurance premium contributions by these sole proprietorships, partnerships, and S corporations (Figure 2). This study finds deductions for retirement (Keogh) plans were about one-fourth (26 percent) of all of the large federal tax expenditures for small businesses in 2013. Deductions for health and long-term care premiums by the self-employed represented an additional 13 percent of federal tax expenditures in 2013.
Other tax expenditures that benefit small businesses were enacted or expanded specifically to encourage U.S. domestic manufacturing and investment. For example, the deduction for domestic production activities (also referred to as the manufacturer's deduction) was enacted under the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-357). Under this provision, companies receive a deduction for certain activities conducted in the United States (e.g., manufacture of tangible personal property, software development and production of electricity, natural gas in the United States).[3] In 2013, 10 percent of the largest tax expenditures for small business were for domestic production activities (compared with 8 percent for larger firms).
Another tax expenditure that was intended to promote investment by small businesses is Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Sec. 179, which was expanded under a number of economic stimulus laws over the past decade.[4] Sect. 179 allows small businesses to expense assets as they are purchased instead of depreciating them over several years. By its operation, this provision is available only to small businesses and cannot be utilized by larger businesses. In 2013, 9 percent of the largest tax expenditures for small businesses were for the Sect. 179 deduction (compared with 1 percent for larger firms).
The largest tax expenditure for large firms provides no benefit to small firms in the United States. More than one-third of tax expenditures for large firms are for deferral of active income of controlled foreign corporations (Figure 2). As a general rule, only large multinational corporations have controlled foreign corporation operations and therefore have foreign income for which this deferral is available.
Small business utilization of tax expenditures is dominated by the 16 percent of small businesses organized as partnerships and S corporations (Figure 3). This statistic is likely more reflective of the higher relative incomes attributable to these entities than to the nature of the tax expenditures. Conversely, the 80 percent of small businesses organized as sole proprietorships use only 12 percent of small business tax expenditures in 2013.
Policy Implications
Recent discussions of tax reform have focused on repealing most tax expenditures as part of an effort to create a simpler and fairer tax system. However, most tax expenditures remain part of the tax code for specific reasons and with particular objectives (e.g., increased investment), and removing these provisions could cause unintended economic disruption.
Moreover, the standard approach to measuring tax expenditures generally overstates the revenue associated with repealing the provision. Policymakers may suggest that repealing particular tax expenditures will increase revenue to the federal government by the sum of the individual provisions. However, these estimates based on repeal of tax expenditures differ significantly from revenue estimates by omitting the behavioral response that would likely accompany repeal of the provision. If multiple tax expenditure provisions were repealed as part of the same tax legislation, it is likely that the changes would create interaction effects. When these interactions are considered, the total revenue change is generally less than the sum of the separate provisions.
This research relies primarily on Quantria Strategies, LLC's individual income tax simulation model to calculate the utilization and value of major tax expenditure programs that affect sole proprietorships, partnerships (including LLCs) and S corporations. The basis of this model is a stratified random sample of individual income tax returns filed by U.S. taxpayers. To this dataset are added demographic, employment, and labor force information from the Current Population Survey (CPS). A fundamental component of the model is a computer program that performs detailed calculations of the tax liability of each taxpayer given the tax law and parameters (e.g. tax rates and brackets) in place for the current year of analysis.
This report was peer-reviewed consistent with Advocacy's data quality guidelines. More information on this process can be obtained by contacting the director of economic research at firstname.lastname@example.com or (202) 205-6533.
Additional Information
This report is available on the Office of Advocacy's website at www.sba.gov/advocacy/7540. To receive email notices of new Advocacy research, news releases, regulatory communications, publications, and the latest issue of The Small Business Advocate newsletter, visit www.sba.gov/updates and subscribe to the Small Business Regulation & Research Listservs.
[1]. The shareholder may pay taxes on corporate dividends.
[2]. The largest tax expenditures are defined as those tax expenditures where the sum exceeds $500 million in the most recent year.
[3]. For details on specific deductions under IRC Sect. 199 see www.irs.gov/irb/2005-07_IRB/ar08.html.
[4]. These include the 2008 Economic Stimulus Act, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act of 2010, Small Business Jobs and Credit Act of 2010, and the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, Job Creation Act of 2010.


text:
Soon after I posted the last blog, I got a call from our team member Endro. He was in high spirits, having just enjoyed a successful week in the forest. He had, however, come out early, both to escort one of the team members to a clinic for stomach ache and to address his own rather severe medical needs: he needed to have two teeth pulled out at the hospital. They had been causing him excruciating pain all week, since, he said, he had eaten the spicy fish dish mentioned in the last post. He noted that the Masohi dentist was much more gentle than the ones he had encountered at home in West Kalimantan! Given the pain he had been in all week, his enthusiasm for the trip was all the more impressive. Before heading back into the forest, he wrote:
"Finally our departure day arrived. Accompanied by two park staff (Jumrin Said and Iik Ikhwan) we left on our collecting trip, heading for 'Camp Illie' [a national park ranger campsite near a river, high in the central mountains of Seram], three hours away by bus.
The road cut through the dense Seram forest, which is intact and protected to this day [sadly, something unknown in Kalimantan], and truly beautiful. The road switchbacked endlessly [on the face of precipitous slopes] with many shortcuts (to Heaven!) to left and right. Right by the road were small Peperomia plants, and behind them stood stately rows of Duabanga moluccana and (amazingly still standing) Terminalia trees."
Duabanga moluccana is a common pioneer species throughout the wet forests of Indonesia, and a few species of Terminalia also reach west into Borneo. However, the greatest diversity of Terminalia, at least in Malesia, is east of Wallace's line, primarily in New Guinea (see e.g., these species). Terminalia gives its name to a distinctive tree architecture model, terminalia-branching: a terminal shoot grows horizontally and then bends up to form a dense 'rosette' of closely spaced leaves at its tip. The next iteration of the branch then grows not from the tip, but from a few centimeters below the tip, and grows out horizontally before bending upwards and forming a leaf rosette. The outcome is flat sprays of leaves linked by inverse arches. One of my favorite trees, from the standpoint of beauty, is Terminalia mantaly, the Madagascar almond, a common street tree in Asia.
"Also on our expedition were three locals (Sony, Peros, and Boy) from the village of Masihulan, who sometimes worked as porters for any visitors to the park. They were also capable tree climbers who used to trap parrots, but who now helped conserve them."
At the end of our Gunung Palung expedition I was concerned about finding tree climbers at other expedition sites. I needn't have worried about Seram. Endro said the climbers here were even 'crazier' than the Melayu climbers in West Kalimantan (i.e., our trusty team members Edy and WX), shimmying out to the smallest branches, where they were in the habit of coating the twigs with glue to catch the amazing parrots of the island.
"Near the camp, we slid down paths made slippery in the recent rain. Droplets clung to the leaves and the moss that blanketed the trees in this forest. It was getting dark when we finally arrived, and we quickly threw up the tents and stored the supplies. Cups of hot chocolate finished off this first day in the forest; we were indescribably happy to be here. Tomorrow we plan to follow the river upstream. In our experience in Kalimantan, riverbanks have many fruiting trees.
Then, to the soft sound of Boy's singing "from the tip of Halmahera to the far Southeast, we are all brothers" (a famous local song of reconciliation after the Maluku conflict), we drifted off to sleep."
Endro told me over the phone that they went on to get many specimens (50 plants in the first five days), most of them trees. Herbaria always contain an over-representation of species that are herbs and small shrubs and a relative under-representation of trees; this is due to the fact that there are more specialists working on small plants and because they are obviously easier to collect. I have impressed upon the team how important it is to make the effort to collect the trees, and it looks like week one of this parataxonomist-led expedition has been a success.


text:
Check back regularly here for Lawn Fertilizer and home improvement tips and tricks to make sure you get the most out of your next Lawn Fertilizer!
Studying the steps
You should be knowledgeable regarding Lawn Fertilizer in Willow, NY. We will not let you come up with ill advised decisions, because we know what we're doing, and we ensure you know exactly what to look forward to from the work. We take the unexpected surprises from the situation by offering reliable and thorough info. Start off by contacting 888-310-6631 to go over your project. We're going to talk about your concerns when you contact us and help you get set up with an appointment. We work closely with you through the entire process, and our team can arrive promptly and organized.
Real Lawn Fertilizer is going to be available for all your requirements regarding Lawn Fertilizer in Willow, Wyoming
You have got lots of great reasons to use Real Lawn Fertilizer to meet your requirements regarding Lawn Fertilizer in Willow, NY. Our supplies are of the highest quality, our money saving strategies are practical and successful, and our customer satisfaction ratings cannot be topped. We'll be available to serve you with the most practical knowledge and competence in the field. Dial 888-310-6631 to connect with Real Lawn Fertilizer and examine all your goals about Lawn Fertilizer in Willow.