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As for who did it .... I have found other threads where Dimitri points the finger at a man named Michael Harari and the Mossad. Please see here for those discussions:http://www.conspiracyplanet.com/channel.cfm?channelid=89&contentid=7257&page=2http://lucianarchy.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=powers&action=display&thread=9243&page=3http://skypotrol.net/2011/02/05/reality-is-stranger-than-fiction-dimitri-khalezov-discusses-911-with-george-mapp-in-bangkok/http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/esp_sociopol_911_99.htm
Mike Harari's picture is in Dimitri's ebook on pg 19: (He doesn't name him by name there, but his description of him above pic is enough to figure it out):http://www.plaguepuppy.net/public_html/dropbox/Dimitri_Khalezov_Book_Third_Truth_911_free_11chapters.pdf
Strategic lawsuit against public participationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_lawsuit_against_public_participationA strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPP) is a lawsuit that is intended to censor, intimidate and silence critics by burdening them with the cost of a legal defense until they abandon their criticism or opposition.[1]The typical SLAPP plaintiff does not normally expect to win the lawsuit. The plaintiff's goals are accomplished if the defendant succumbs to fear, intimidation, mounting legal costs or simple exhaustion and abandons the criticism. A SLAPP may also intimidate others from participating in the debate. A SLAPP is often preceded by a legal threat. The difficulty, of course, is that plaintiffs do not present themselves to the Court admitting that their intent is to censor, intimidate or silence their critics. Hence, the difficulty in drafting SLAPP legislation, and in applying it, is to craft an approach which affords an early termination to invalid abusive suits, without denying a legitimate day in court to valid good faith claims.HistoryThe acronym was coined in the 1980s by University of Denver professors Penelope Canan and George W. Pring. The term was originally defined as "a lawsuit involving communications made to influence a governmental action or outcome, which resulted in a civil complaint or counterclaim filed against nongovernment individuals or organizations on a substantive issue of some public interest or social significance."[2] It has since been defined more broadly in one state (California) to include suits about speech on any public issue.[3]The original conceptualization proffered by Canan and Pring emphasized the Right to petition as protected in the United States under the US Constitution's specific protection in the First Amendment's fifth clause. It is still definitional: SLAPPs refer to civil lawsuits filed against those who have communicated to government officialdom (in its entire constitutional apparatus). The Right to Petition [granted by Edgar the Peaceful, 10 Century] precedes the Magna Carta in terms significance in the development of democratic institutions. It claims that democracy cannot work if there are, or if interest groups can erect, barriers between the governed and the governing.According to New York Supreme Court Judge J. Nicholas Colabella, "Short of a gun to the head, a greater threat to First Amendment expression can scarcely be imagined." A number of jurisdictions have made such suits illegal, provided that the appropriate standards of journalistic responsibility have been met by the critic.Jurisdictional variationsCanadaOne of the first cases in Canada to deal with a SLAPP was Fraser v. Saanich (see [1999] B.C.J. No. 3100 (B.C. S.C.)) (QL), where the British Columbia Supreme Court struck out the claim of a hospital director against the District of Saanich, holding that it was a meritless action designed to silence or intimidate the residents who were opposed to the plaintiff's plan to redevelop the hospital facilities.The first case to discuss and apply the Protection of Public Participation Act (PPPA) was Home Equity Development v. Crow, (see [2002] B.C.J. No. 1805 (B.C. S.C.)) (QL). The defendants' application to dismiss the action against them was dismissed. The defendants failed to meet the burden of proof required by the PPPA, that the plaintiffs had no reasonable prospect of success. Many felt that the plaintiffs did not bring their action for an improper purpose, and the suit did not inhibit the defendants in their public criticism of the particular project.In Ontario, the decision in Daishowa v. Friends of the Lubicon (see [1996] O.J. No. 3855 Ont. Ct. Gen. Div.)) (QL) was also instructive on SLAPPs. A motion brought by the corporate plaintiff Daishowa to impose conditions on the defendant Friends of the Lubicon Indian Band that they would not represent Daishowa's action as a SLAPP was dismissed.Some political libel and forum shopping incidents, both common in Canada, have been called SLAPP suits, because such suits load defendants with costs of responding in unfamiliar jurisdictions or at times (typically elections) when they're extremely busy and short of funds. Both types of suits are almost unique to Canada, so there is little concern nor examination of whether political subject matter or remote forums are a clear indicator of SLAPP.Following the decision in Fraser v. Saanich, the Protection of Public Participation Act went into effect in British Columbia in April, 2001. It was repealed in August, 2001.Québec's Justice Minister, Jacques Dupuis, has proposed an anti-SLAPP bill on June 13, 2008.[4]. The bill was adopted by the National Assembly of Quebec on June 3, 2009. As of now, Quebec's amended Code of Civil Procedure is the only anti-SLAPP mechanism in force in Canada.United StatesCalifornia has a unique variant of anti SLAPP legislation which has led a significant volume of SLAPP litigation in that state. A search for reported cases on SLAPP litigation in 2009 found 1,386 cases for the State of California alone. The rest of the states combined had about 341, of which Massachusetts accounted for 176, raising the question whether California's SLAPP statute is accomplishing its primary objective of reducing costly litigation. See | Navellier v. Sletten, 52 P.3d 703 (Cal. 2002) (dissenting opinion). The U.S. state of California enacted Code of Civil Procedure § 425.16 in 1992, a statute intended to frustrate SLAPPs by providing a quick and inexpensive defense. It provides for a special motion that a defendant can file at the outset of a lawsuit to strike a complaint when it arises from conduct that falls within the rights of petition or free speech. The statute expressly applies to any writing or speech made in connection with an issue under consideration or review by a legislative, executive, or judicial proceeding, or any other official proceeding authorized by law, but there is no requirement that the writing or speech be promulgated directly to the official body. It also applies to speech in a public forum about an issue of public interest and to any other petition or speech conduct about an issue of public interest.To win an anti-SLAPP motion, the defendant must first show that the lawsuit is based on constitutionally protected activity. Then, the burden shifts to the plaintiff, to affirmatively present evidence to show that they have a reasonable probability of prevailing on the action. The filing of an anti-SLAPP motion stays all discovery. This feature acts to greatly reduce the cost of litigation to the anti-SLAPP defendant, and can make beating the motion extremely difficult for the plaintiff, because they effectively must prove their case without the benefit of discovery.If the special motion is denied, the order denying the motion is immediately appealable. Defendants prevailing on an anti-SLAPP motion (including any subsequent appeal) are entitled to a mandatory award of reasonable attorney's fees. After an anti-SLAPP motion has been filed, a plaintiff cannot escape this mandatory fee award by amending its complaint. More than 300 published court opinions have interpreted and applied California's anti-SLAPP law.California's Code of Civil Procedure § 425.17 corrects what the Legislature found to be abuse[5] of the anti-SLAPP statute (CCP § 425.16). Signed into law on September 6, 2003, this statute prohibits anti-SLAPP motions in response to certain public interest lawsuits and class actions, and actions that arise from commercial statements or conduct.[6] Section 425.18, signed into law on October 6, 2005, was enacted to facilitate SLAPP victims in recovering their damages through a SLAPPback (malicious prosecution action) against the SLAPP filers and their attorneys after the underlying SLAPP has been dismissed.At least 26 other states and one territory have also enacted statutory protections against SLAPPs. These are Arizona, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Guam, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, and Washington. In Colorado and West Virginia, the courts have adopted protections against SLAPPs. These laws vary dramatically in scope and level of protection, and the remaining states lack protections.There is no federal anti-SLAPP law. The extent to which state laws apply in federal courts is unclear, and the Circuit courts have reached different conclusions. The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit has allowed California litigants to use their state's special motion in federal district courts located in California, in cases where the court is hearing at least one California state law claim through the doctrine of supplemental jurisdiction. [2] However, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit has held that the Massachusetts anti-SLAPP law, as a mere matter of procedure, does not apply in federal courts.[7]It has been argued that the lack of uniform protection against SLAPPs has encouraged forum shopping, proponents of federal legislation have argued that the uncertainty about one's level of protection has likely magnified the chill of SLAPPs.In December 2009, Rep. Steve Cohen introduced the Citizen Participation Act, H.R. 4364, in the U.S. House. This marks the first time the Congress has considered federal anti-SLAPP legislation (though the Congress is currently considering the closely related issue of libel tourism.) Like many state anti-SLAPP laws, H.R. 4364 would allow the defendant of a SLAPP to have the suit quickly dismissed and to recover fees and costs.Balancing the Right of Access to the CourtsThe SLAPP penalty stands as a barrier to access to the Courts by providing an early penalty to claimants who seek judicial redress. In recent years, the courts in some states have recognized that enforcement of SLAPP legislation must recognize and balance the constitutional rights of both litigants. It has been said:Since the Magna Carta, the world has recognized the importance of justice in a free society. "To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay, right or justice." (Magna Carta, 1215.) This nation's founding fathers knew people would never consent to be governed and surrender their right to decide disputes by force, unless government offered a just forum for resolving those disputes. Coucher & Kelly, The Social Contract from Hobbes to Rawls (1994).The right to bring grievances to the courts, in good faith, is protected by state and federal constitutions in a variety of ways. In most states, the right to trial by jury in civil cases is recognized. The right to cross examine witnesses is fundamental to our judicial system. Moreover, the first amendment protects the right to petition the judiciary for grievances. The "right to petition extends to all departments of the Government. The right of access to the courts is indeed but one aspect of the right of petition." California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited, 404 U.S. 508, 510 (1972) Because "the right to petition is 'among the most precious of the liberties safeguarded by the Bill of Rights,' ... the right of access to the courts shares this 'preferred place' in our hierarchy of constitutional freedoms and values. Harrison v. Springdale Water & Sewer Comm., 780 F.2d 1422, 1427 (8th Cir. 1986)." This balancing question is resolved differently in different states, often with substantial difficulty. See Denton v. Browns Mill Development Co, 561 S.E.2d 431 (Ga. 2002) and Browns Mill Development Co v. Denton, 543 S.E.2d 65 (Ga. App. 2000); EarthResources, LLC v. Morgan County, 638 S.E.2d 325 (Ga App. 2006); Alves v. Hometown Newspapers, Inc, 857 A.2d 743 (R.I.,2004) .In Palazzo v. Ives, 944 A.2d 144 (R.I. 2008) the Court wrote:By the nature of their subject matter, anti-SLAPP statutes require meticulous drafting. On the one hand, it is desirable to seek to shield citizens from improper intimidation when exercising their constitutional right to be heard with respect to issues of public concern. On the other hand, it is important that such statutes be limited in scope lest the constitutional right of access to the courts (whether by private figures, public figures, or public officials) be improperly thwarted. There is a genuine double-edged challenge to those who legislate in this area.The most challenging balancing problem arises in application to SLAPP claims which do not sound in tort. The common law and constitutional law has developed in the United States to create a high substantive burden to tort and tort-like claims which seek redress for public speech, especially public speech which addresses matters of public concern. The common law in many states requires the pleader to state accurately the content of libelous words. Constitutional law has provided substantive protection which bars recovery against a first amendment defense except upon clear and convincing evidence that there has been deliberate or reckless falsehood. For this reason, ferreting out the bad faith SLAPP claim at an early stage of litigation should be accomplished with relative ease. Extension of the SLAPP penalties to factually complex cases, where the substantive standard of proof at common law is lower presents special challenges.Notable SLAPPsEuropeIn February 2005 the European Court of Human Rights found that Helen Steel and David Morris did not receive a fair trial while defending a libel action brought by McDonald's in the United Kingdom. In what became known as the McLibel case, the two had been found guilty in 1994 of libelling the company in a leaflet. The court ruled that, because legal aid is not available to libel defendants, their right to freedom of expression under the European Convention on Human Rights had been violated. They were awarded £24,000 damages, plus costs.United StatesBarbra Streisand, as plaintiff, lost a SLAPP motion after she sued an aerial photographer involved in the California Coastal Records Project. Streisand v. Adelman et al., in California Superior Court; Case SC077257 [8][9] See Streisand effectNationally syndicated talk radio host Tom Martino prevailed in an anti-SLAPP motion after he was sued for libel by a watercraft retailer. The case received national attention for its suggestion that no one reasonably expects objective facts from a typical talk show host.[10][11] Gardner v. MartinoKim Shewalter and other neighborhood activists, as defendants, won an anti-SLAPP motion against apartment building owners. The owners had filed a SLAPP suit because of the defendants' protest activities. Coltrain v. ShewalterBarry King and another Internet poster, as defendants, won an anti-SLAPP motion against corporate plaintiffs based on critical posts on an Internet financial message board. Global Telemedia v. DoesKathi Mills won an anti-SLAPP motion against the Atlanta Humane Society, Atlanta Humane Society v. Mills, in Gwinnett County (Georgia) Superior Court; case 01-A-13269-1 [12]Karen Winner, the author of "Divorced From Justice," published in 1996 by ReganBooks/Harper Collins, is recognized as "[the] catalyst for the changes that we adopted," said Leo Milonas, a retired justice with the Appellate Division of the New York state courts who chaired a special commission that recommended the changes adopted by Chief Judge Judith Kaye.[13] But in 1999, Winner, along with a psychologist/whistleblower, and several citizens were SLAPPed for criticizing the guardian ad litem system and a former judge in South Carolina. Winner's report, "Findings on Judicial Practices & Court-appointed Personnel In The Family Courts In Dorchester, Charleston & Berkeley Counties, South Carolina" and citizen demonstrations led to the very first laws in South Carolina to establish minimum standards and licensing requirements for guardians ad litem — who represent the interests of children in court cases.[14] The retaliatory SLAPPs have been dragging on for nearly 10 years, with judgments totaling more than $11 million against the co-defendants collectively. Reflecting the retaliatory nature of these suits, at least one of the co-defendants is still waiting to find out from the judges, which particular statements if any he made were actually false.[15]From 1981 to 1986, Pacific Legal Foundation and San Luis Obispo filed a suit attempting to obtain the mailing list of the Abalone Alliance to get the group to pay for the police costs of the largest anti-nuclear civil-disobedience act in U.S. history at the Diablo Canyon Power Plant. Pacific Legal Foundation lost at every court level and withdrew the suit the day before it was due to be heard by the U.S. Supreme Court. San Luis Obispo County v. Abalone AllianceIn March 2009, MagicJack (company who promotes a USB VOIP device) filed a defamation suit against Boing Boing for exposing their unfair and deceptive business tactics regarding their EULA, visitor counter, and 30 day trial period. This was dismissed as a SLAPP by a California judge in late 2009. In the resulting ruling, MagicJack was made responsible for most of Boing Boing's legal cost. MagicJack Legal DocumentsIn the case Comins vs. VanVoorhis a Florida man named Christopher Comins filed a defamation suit against a University of Florida grad student after the student blogged about a video of Comins repeatedly shooting someone's pet dogs. This was cited as an example of a SLAPP suit by the radio show "On the Media". [16]STEPHENS IS PTECH!!!!!!!!!!Jackson Stephenshttp://www.nationalcorruptionindex.org/pages/profile.php?profile_id=283Last Updated: December 05, 2008Jackson Stephens exemplified the requisites for an unstoppable self-made billionaire. Visionary, charismatic, and intrepid pathfinder for those in power seeking, like himself, greater wealth and influence as sole moral imperatives. He reached the status of global-power broker nearly a half century before his death in 2005 at the age of 83. His impact, however lives on, in the government insider firms run by his son Warren, and in weakened US security from the covert deals he arranged between US Presidents and foreign despots. As head of the largest investment bank off Wall Street, he increased the personal wealth of three eagerly compromised Presidents, in exchange for nuclear and information control technologies.From a small farm in Little Rock, Arkansas, Stephens joined his brother's investment company in 1947, after graduating the Naval Academy with classmates Jimmy Carter and future CIA Director Stansfield Turner.Successful ventures in energy, finance and media parlayed into mega scores, when he arranged the underwriting of Wal-Mart in 1970, then funded Tyson Food's takeover of Holly Farms.Along the way he covered his bets, as a financial problem solver for national politicians of both parties. In the '80s, he was Arkansas Governor Clinton's go-to fundraiser. In return, Stephens' firm handle 70% of all Arkansas public-works bond issues.He teamed up with China-born billionaire Mochtar Riady, who, along with his son James, would later be convicted of secretly funding Bill Clinton's presidential campaigns with $ millions from the Chinese government.During those same years, equal opportunist Stephens also arranged Mideast bankers' multi $million bailouts for George W. Bush's failing oil ventures.Stephens' firm, Systematics, secured a US beach-head for the infamous Bank of Commerce and Credit International. Before its $20 billion collapse in 1991, BCCI laundered money for dictators, terrorists, drug lords and illicit operations of intelligence agencies, including the CIA (most notably the Iran-Contra guns/cash/drugs transactions). The effort started in the late '70s. Stephens brought Bert Lance, President Jimmy Carter's soon indicted former budget director, together with BCCI principals including Agha Hasan Abedi, Ghaith Pharoan and Khalid Mahfouz (all later criminally charged as well). After 9/11, they and many of their Arabian banking colleagues were directly linked to, or themselves named Specifically Designated Global Terror financiers After years of complex scheming to circumvent regulatory hurdles, Stephens' and Lance's labors paid off. BCCI gained entry into the US banking system and its safeguard systems, through clandestine control of Financial General Bankshares (FGB), a major DC-based banking institution.At the same time, the BCCI tycoons bought Lance's interest in FGB subsidiary National Bank of Georgia, from which he had loaned himself and Jimmy Carter several $million. BCCI set up "consultant " contracts and new terms for the loans' repayment, along with millions more donated to Carter's chosen charities.Stephens' BCCI incursion, and his other ventures were represented by Hillary Clinton and her Arkansas law firm partners Vince Foster (later White House Counsel before death by reported suicide), and Webster Hubbell (later #3 in the US Justice Department before serving 20 months on multiple fraud convictions). While Clinton was Arkansas Governor, Stephens' billionaire buddies, the Riadys, bonded with Bill and Hillary through their global conglomerate (and Chinese government partner), the Lippo Group. James Riady moved to Little Rock to be closer to his new friends. In 1983, the Riadys launched their first business venture in Arkansas: The Lippo Finance & Investment Inc. The following year, Lippo ,and everyone's friend Jackson Stephens partnered to buy control of Arkansas' Worthen Bank Corp. In 1991, a $2.5 million Worthen loan (never repaid), would rescue Clinton's Presidential campaign. Hillary and her law partners naturally handled Worthen, and other China-partnered Lippo matters as well. In 1985, Worthen Bank was indicted for extending several million dollars' worth of illegal, preferential loans to companies owned by the Riadys and Stephens.A fire of "unknown causes" broke out in the bank at 3am, destroying all the records sought by the prosecutors. Worthen and another Lippo-China bank were given "cease and desist" orders from making such "dangerous loans" in the future. The criminal case was settled, and the loans to Stephens and the Riadys were never repaid. In 1987, Stephens' ecumenical spirit helped arrange a $25 million bailout of George W. Bush's floundering oil venture, Harken Energy, through his very same BCCI buddies, in partnership with the Union Bank of Switzerland. Stephens gave $100,000 to the Reagan-Bush campaign in 1980, another $100,000 to the Bush dinner committee in 1990, and was a Bush Ranger (minimum $200, 000) for Bush in 2000 and 2004. But through the first half of the '90s, Stephens, and his China-tied Lippo partners' favorite recipient was Bill Clinton. Stephens was Clinton's 2nd biggest contributor over his political career.Toward the end of his first term, over fierce Congressional and Defense Department objections, Clinton ended major restrictions against military technology transfers to China. The US-China trade imbalance grew enormously, and Chinese nuclear weapon espionage, as documented in Congressional reports, grew rampant. This while Clinton's re-election campaign received $ millions, which were later traced back to foreign sources, mainly China. In 1993, Clinton appointed Lippo Sr.VP John Huang as Assistant Deputy Secretary of the US Commerce Department. With only a perfunctory background check, Huang was given Top Security clearance, actually approved five months before he took office. Congressional probes later revealed that while installed at Commerce, Assistant Deputy Secretary Huang spent most afternoons at Stephens' corporate offices, and was in constant contact with the Lippo Group, as well as with Chinese government officials. Stephens' Systematics, meanwhile, reportedly utilized a cutting edge computer program named PROMIS, secretly equipped with "back door control" ability, in IT management contracts with banks across the country. Systematics merged with telecom giant Alltel just before Clinton's Presidency. Stephens data mining company, Acxiom, continued rolling in "sensitive" government contracts through the Clinton and George W administrations. Acxiom was the aggregator of US citizens' private information for the Bush Defense Department's Total Information Awareness (TIA) program, headed by John Poindexter, convicted of conspiracy in the '80s Iran/Contra scheme. In a 2005 government contract, Acxiom, along with Alltel/Systematics' major vendor Qsent, and Choicepoint (which falsely disqualified tens of thousands of Florida Democrats in the 2000 Presidential election), merged extensive private information about 100 million US citizens. They illegally gave the data to the TSA, which then transferred it to IBM. The TSA explained it all as an unfortunate series of mistakes. *** Note – In 1997, IBM joined with a small new firm named Ptech, to create the "Unified Modeling Language" UML as the common parlance for integrated software coding. Ptech, though known by FBI Bin Laden Unit Chief (later whistleblower) Robert Wright to be headed by a major Al Qaeda financier, and funded by Stephens' former BCCI colleagues, was placed in charge of software management at every critical US Government agency- Defense, State, Justice, Energy, Transportation, the White House itself.Ptech and a quasi government entity named MITRE, utilized PROMIS software to create the FAA's National Airspace System, in control of operations on 911. Stephens' Acxiom Board of Directors reflected his cultivated Democratic Party dealings. The Board included former Clinton Chief of Staff "Mack" McClarty, former NATO Commander(and one time Democratic candidate) Wesley Clark and former Lippo Sr Exec Stephen Patterson. When the Democrats gained control of Congress in 2006, both Alltel and Acxiom joined in formation to unfurl their primary team colors.Within the same week in '07, each was acquired by TPG/Newbridge Capital, co-chaired by US Senator Diane Feinstein's husband, Richard Blum.Senator Feinstein (D-Ca) is in perfect position to be of service. She is Chair of the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology and Homeland Security, and member of the Appropriations Subcommittees for Defense and Intelligence. The awful legacy of Jackson Stephens' spectral empire, now controlled by his son Warren, seems secure.Sourcesbiz.yahoo.com/ap/070524/alltel_buyout_stephens.html?.v=1 Alltel, Axicom deals: www.famoustexans.com/georgewbush.htmBush campaign contributions: www.motherjones.com/news/outfront/1997/01/davis.html?welcome=trueConnections to Clinton, Huang, Riady: www.aci.net/kalliste/lippo.htm Systematics: www.freerepublic.com/forum/a37d95a0809ce.htmRiady, Clinton, Bush, BCCI: www.politicalfriendster.com/showConnection.php?id1=128&id2=2474< /a>Political contributions, Harken: www.motherjones.com/news/feature/1992/09/bushboys.htmlH arken, BCCI: www.arkansasnews.com/archive/2005/07/24/News/324873.html
Acxiomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AcxiomAcxiom is a global interactive marketing services company that uses consumer data, analytics, information technology, data integration, and consulting solutions to help companies conduct direct marketing programs. Acxiom's interactive capabilities allow marketers to have direct interaction and response with consumers, and these services include direct-mail, e-mail, mobile advertising, display advertising, social media, and Web-site personalization.[1] It has been described as "one of the biggest companies you've never heard of."[2] In addition to collecting detailed information about people, the company helps marketers anticipate the future needs of consumers, according to the documentary "The Persuaders." As the world's largest processor of consumer data,[3] Acxiom has identified 70 types of consumers with its segmentation product PersonicX.Acxiom is first and foremost a multi-channel marketing-services company powered by data. Forrester Research, the technology research company, considers Acxiom "a technology powerhouse" with deep industry expertise across a multitude of industries. Acxiom has traditionally been known for helping many of the world's largest financial services companies conduct direct marketing campaigns, but now more than 75 percent of its revenue is derived from non-financial services clients. Today, Acxiom is a $1.38 billion-a-year company, representing more than 12 percent of the direct-marketing-services sector's $11 billion in estimated annual sales.HistoryFounded as Demographics in 1969 by Charles D. Ward in Conway, Arkansas, Acxiom is headquartered in Little Rock, Arkansas.[10]The company has additional U.S. offices in Chicago, Illinois; New York, New York; Foster City, California; and Nashville, Tennessee. International offices are located in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Netherlands, Portugal, Poland, Australia, and China. Services are also available to companies in scores of other countries.[1]In early 2004, Acxiom acquired part of Claritas, a major European data provider.[11]In 2005, Acxiom acquired Digital Impact and integrated its digital and online services into its business.In early 2006, EMC Corporation acquired Acxiom's information grid software in a $30 million deal.[12]On May 16, 2007, Acxiom agreed to be bought by leading investment firms Silver Lake Partners and ValueAct Capital in an all-cash deal valued at $3 billion, including the assumption of about $756 million of debt.[13] However on October 1, 2007, a press release announced that the takeover agreement was to be terminated and Charles Morgan would retire as Acxiom's Company Leader upon the selection of a successor.On January 17, 2008, Acxiom named John Meyer (from Alcatel-Lucent) as new CEO and President, effective February 4, 2008.[14]On July 11, 2008, Acxiom acquired ChoicePoint's database marketing solutions division, adding seven clients from industries including banking, insurance, and media.[15]On October 9, 2008, Acxiom announced it had entered into a long-term exclusive contract with XSellNet[1] to deliver and manage the distribution of real-time customer data and analytics to the retail auto dealer industry throughout the United States. The collaboration is co-branded as X12 powered by Acxiom.ControversyIn 2003, the Electronic Privacy Information Center filed a complaint before the Federal Trade Commission against Acxiom and JetBlue Airways, alleging the companies provided consumer information to Torch Concepts, a company hired by the United States Army "to determine how information from public and private records might be analyzed to help defend military bases from attack by terrorists and other adversaries."[16]According to the complaint, Acxiom's activities constituted unfair and deceptive trade practices, as "Acxiom has publicly represented its belief that individuals should have notice about how information about them is used and have choices about that dissemination, and has stated that it does not permit clients to make non-public information available to individuals," and Acxiom proceeded to sell information to Torch Concepts without obtaining consent, an ability to opt-out, or furnishing notice to the affected consumers.The FTC took no action against Acxiom, which had responded that it had followed its privacy principles and was not deceptive in its business practices. "Torch Concepts was acting under contract to the Department of Defense in their efforts to research ways to improve military base security," a company spokesman said. "Our policy clearly states that we 'provide information products which include financial information, Social Security number and other related information where permitted by law,' and that this information is 'provided to government agencies for the purposes of verifying information, employment screening and assisting law enforcement.'"[17]In 2005 Acxiom was a nominee for the Big Brother Awards for Worst Corporate Invader for a tradition of data brokering.[18]Security BreachesIn 2003, over 1.6 billion customer records were stolen during the transmission of information to and from Acxiom's clients; the information included names, addresses, and email addresses. Acxiom's firewall was not breached, and no databases were accessed by the hackers.[19] Prosecutors described the 2006 case against the hacker accused of stealing the data as the "largest ever invasion and theft of personal data" ever tried.[20] The stolen data only came to light during an investigation of a separate data theft incident.[21]Based on their investigation, prosecutors said there was no risk of identity theft or harm to individuals based on the breaches. They also praised Acxiom for being aggressive in pursuing the hackers and cooperating with authorities. "The positive outcome of this investigation is testament to the strong partnerships we have established with our counterparts at the headquarters and field offices of various organizations, from the FBI and Department of Justice to the Internal Revenue Service and U.S. Attorneys' Office in Little Rock," said K.C. Crowley, Special Agent in Charge of Secret Service's Little Rock Field Office. "Furthermore, I commend Acxiom Corporation for their cooperation and responsible approach to the situation. Acxiom's quick response in contacting federal investigators after determining there had been a network intrusion should serve as a model for others in similar circumstances."[22] The two primary hackers were sentenced to lengthy prison terms.
Stephens is connected to the FEDERAL RESERVE via their FAIRNESS OPINIONS for the largest mergers in the country. They also are connected to BCCI and to PROMIS/PTECH.PTECH controlled the FAA, PROMIS exposed all the assholes before 9/11. Nuke or no nuke, the Harari/Stephens connection via Chip Tatum is insane.
John Perkins alleges in his book Confessions of an Economic Hit Man, that Torrijos was assassinated by American interests, who had a bomb planted aboard his aircraft. The alleged motive is that some American business leaders and politicians strongly opposed the negotiations between Torrijos and a group of Japanese businessmen who were promoting the idea of a new, larger, sea-level canal. Just three months after Ecuadorian president Jaime Roldós died in strikingly similar circumstances. Tatum said that when Pegasus kills someone they use "compound poisons and so forth that imitate heart attacks and don't show up… Neutralizations and assassinations aren't blatant, but sometimes they are. Pegasus will use a South African to kill a leader in Sweden. OSG-1 was the arms-trading arm. The arms-business is what is what caused the death of the prime minister of Sweden."There was a connection between George Bush, North, Don Gregg and Olof Palme. Olof Palme was a prime minister of Sweden. One of the things that needed to be done was to get, for all the weapons that were being purchased for the Contras and built-in without serial numbers End-user certificates for all these weapons needed to be obtained, so that it could be stated the weapons came from a different country than the United States, for example Sweden, because the Boland Amendment didn't allow the Reagan administration to provide weaponry into Honduras and El Salvador. Olof Palme chose not to participate and he was dead within weeks, assassinated in 1986. Tatum claims that in 1989, Vice President Bush gave the order to President Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua, so he agreed to have elections. Members of an alignment subgroup went in, told Ortega what date they would assassinate his second cousin, who was a very good friend of his (intimidated and coerced). They told him to put as many armies around that man that he wanted, but that man was going to die. That man died on that date. Two weeks later, President Ortega announced that there would be free elections. Tatum is aware of 18 of these types of missions involving national leaders of other countries but did not say whether people were murdered or how. [...]In addition to flying rotary-wing aircraft, Tatum was also competent flying smaller fixed-wing craft. He had access to both at Fort Drum.http://www.voxfux.com/features/cia_bush_drug_trafficking_murder_pt1.htmlhttp://www.whale.to/b/guyatt.htmlhttp://www.deepblacklies.co.uk/the_pegasus_file-part2.htm
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Lotus Biscoff Peach Crumble
Review Recipe3 stars based on 1882 votes
Caramelized peaches, butter and of course Lotus Biscoff! Try this quick and delicious crumble recipe, you will love it!
- Preheat oven to 350˚ F. Butter an 8×8 pan, set aside.
- Drain peaches, in a large bowl mix peaches, lemon juice, white sugar, corn starch.
- Pour into prepared pan.
- In a small bowl add melted butter, brown sugar, cinnamon, flour, Biscoff Crumbles. Mix well. Sprinkle over peaches.
- Bake for 30 – 40 minutes.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Christmas played out like this
I hope Santa was good to my six regular readers. I forgot to ask him to extend their subscriptions to the Peabody Gazette-Bulletin, but he probably did that anyway. I'm always grateful when he helps me with their subscriptions because I count on them to read the newspaper from cover to cover and be honest in their assessment. And they do tell me what they think!
I got a Christmas Day e-mail from one who said that she always enjoys my "Letter to Santa" column, but this year she thought the little boy who asked for duct tape wrote a far better letter than I. See what I mean? They cut right to the issue at hand and soon I know precisely how the cow ate the cabbage. I appreciate all six of them.
I have heard that quite a few people were sick on Christmas Day and during the weekend leading up to it. At our house the Youngest Daughter and the New Guy were miserable in an upper-respiratory way. They tried to put on their game faces and enjoy themselves, but eventually gave it up and headed home. I sent Kleenex and orange juice. Sometimes there is not much a mother can do except let nature take its course.
The young man in the Marion County Record office who saves my neck every week by putting together a decent paper for our community had stomach flu the day he was supposed to be with his family for their celebration. Now he is back at work and hasn't yet had Christmas. Bummer! But thanks, Adam, for hanging in there and helping me out one more time!
I put together a good-sized group of old photographs of The Mister's ancestors and mine in their younger years. I was going to have copies made to give to the Daughters as part of their Christmas gifts. Back in the old days when I did this, I just handed them off to my pal Janet Post who is quite a photography guru, and she handed them back a few days later, exactly as I wanted them.
Now I find that it is a do-it-yourself project and "all you have to do is go to Walmart." My shopping excursions into that world of commerce never turn out the way I expect them to. However, several people said "oh, it is really easy to make prints on their machines" so I decided I would try it and off I went with photos in hand. Of course, I waited until Dec. 24 and I was one of about 30 people milling around half a dozen machines — all of us with shopping carts, getting in one another's way, like a game of musical chairs with attitude. I finally snagged a machine, wedged my cart in next to me, and looked at the screen.
There wasn't one icon or acronym on the screen that looked like anything I had ever seen before. Nothing resembled a photo, nothing said "Slide photo here," followed by an arrow or a slot. I sat with my packet of pictures in my hands and looked again. I was in over my head. Two or three people circling behind me established a pattern of slowing down and clearing their throats as they passed behind my chair. Vultures! I sat there a bit longer, and then decided that maybe I should just go. And that is what I did. I let them battle it out for my chair and screen. Happy holidays!
On Christmas day I explained to the Daughters that I had good intentions. They understood. They even said "all we have to do is go to Walmart" during the dead calm of February and they will show me how to work that particular technology. So they will eventually get a great picture of my mom as a high school junior on the 1932 Jonesboro, Ark., girls' basketball team as well as photos of their great-grandmother and her sisters as teenagers. And I will perhaps conquer another issue of the millennium. After all, I am kind of handy with my debit card these days. Who knows what other horizons I can master?
And that is pretty much what I gleaned during the 2012 Christmas holidays. Oh wait, I did find out one other thing. Apparently, there are — once again — some kind and generous Secret Santas at work in Peabody. I have it on good authority that several families and groups have benefited from local people with big hearts.
We all thank you, hope your New Year is the best, and appreciate the fact that you have chosen to live in our community!
Last modified Dec. 28, 2012


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Larry the Cable Guy here. It's always important to stay protected on game days, whether you're on the field with the pigskin, or in the lot roasting that oinker to perfection, and I don't just mean potholders. My buddies and I have an epic tailgating story – a tale of teamwork, pride and the ultimate benefit of wearing a two-can helmet.
When you're committing to a full day of hard tailgating work, you gotta stay hydrated for crucial grilling and chilling activity. A two-beverage helmet accessory is key to both your performance and physical appearance.
Now, one cold November day, my boys and I were circling the lot, looking for the perfect spot to set up shop, when we pulled into a space just as another group was too. Trucks facing head on, we got out to figure things out and claim our spot. Now, tailgaters are friendly folks and they like to have a little fun; so we decided to settle things with a little parking lot football scrimmage – winner got the primo lot spot.
After one hour of sweating it out for the prize, the score was neck and neck, and I was ready to finish this game and replenish the missing calories I had just burned with some beef, because I gotta keep my figure. I put it in high gear and sprinted with the ball to the end-zone to score the game winning touchdown. Only problem was, it's tough to stop this body's momentum, and I kept on going head first into the 10 foot tow-zone sign. Lucky for me, I had my two-can helmet on, which suffered a pole-shaped dent and the loss of about half a beverage. But that's why you've got the second can, right?
Want to hear more about my tailgating style? I have full intentions on spreading this bit of wisdom and more as I visit football stadiums across the country with Prilosec OTC to search for the best of the best in "A Better Way to Tailgate" challenge. Enter HERE to win in one of three categories: 1). Food Served, 2). Tailgate Set-Up and 3). Team Spirit. All entries must include a tailgate photo. Note the "Food Served" category also requires a recipe submission. In addition to game day tickets, other prizes include the ultimate tailgate gear. To view the official contest rules, click here www.tailgatefanchallenge.com. So enter now, and I'll check out how great your pigskin party really is!
This content has been provided by Prilosec OTC
Related Stories
- Tailgate Turf Wars: Pros and Cons of Location
- Larry The Cable Guy's Tailgating Tip #2
- Larry The Cable Guy's Tip #1
- [Photos] The Best of the Iron Bowl Tailgate
- Grill Grrrl: Grilled Mini Caprese Pizzas


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Recipe Summary
A warm balsamic reduction adds brightness to this delicious salad.
Recipe Servings: 6 portions
Recipe Preparation Time: 10 minutes
Recipe Cook Time: 10 minutes
1/2 cup Lucini® Savory Fig Balsamico
1/2 cup Lucini® Extra Virgin Olive Oil
3 tbsp Lucini® Pinot Grigio Italian Wine Vinegar
6 cups arugula
2 cups chopped endive
2 Fuji apples, unpeeled, cored, thinly sliced
6 ounces Spanish Manchego cheese, shaved
1 1/2 cups pitted dates, sliced
1 cup roasted walnuts
4 large shallots, minced
Pour the balsamic vinegar in a small sauce pot over high heat. Whisk briskly, even prior to boiling. Once it starts boiling, keep whisking constantly to prevent burning. Continue until the sauce reduces by half and is of a syrupy consistency. Remove from heat and set aside.
Whisk oil and Pinot Grigio vinegar in bowl. Season with salt and pepper.
Toss arugula, endive, apples, half of cheese, dates, walnuts, and shallots in large bowl with enough vinaigrette to coat. Season salad with salt and pepper.
Mound salad in center of each plate. Drizzle balsamic reduction around salads. Sprinkle remaining cheese atop salads.


text:
Environmental Health Perspectives: Supplements
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Human body
WikiMD is a free medical encyclopedia moderated by medical professionals and is a reliable source of information on a wide range of health, weight loss and wellness related topics. Who wants to trust their health with amateurs?
- 1 Let Food Be Medicine, Medicine Be Food - Hippocrates
- 2 Structure
- 3 Society and culture
- 4 See also
- 5 Further reading
- 6 External links
Let Food Be Medicine, Medicine Be Food - Hippocrates
Template:Infobox anatomy The human body is the entire structure of a human being and comprises a head, neck, trunk (which includes the thorax and abdomen), two arms and hands and two legs and feet. Every part of the body is composed of various types of cell.[1] At maturity, the estimated number of cells in the body is given as 37.2 trillion. This number is stated to be of partial data and to be used as a starting point for further calculations. The number given is arrived at by totalling the cell numbers of all the organs of the body and cell types.[2] The composition of the human body shows it to be composed of a number of certain elements in different proportions.
The study of the human body involves anatomy and physiology. The human body can show anatomical non-pathological anomalies which need to be able to be recognised. Physiology focuses on the systems and their organs of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to maintain homeostasis.
Skeletal structure frames the overall shape of the body and does not alter much over a lifetime. General body shape (and female body shape) is influenced by the distribution of muscle and fat tissue and also affected by various hormones. The average height of an adult male human (in developed countries) is about 1.7–1.8 m (5'7" to 5'11") and the adult female is about 1.6–1.7 m (5'2" to 5'7") .[3] Height is largely determined by genes and diet. Body type and composition are influenced by factors such as genetics, diet, and exercise.
The average adult body contains between 5 and 5½ litres of blood. The composition of the human body can be referred to in terms of its water content, elements content, tissue types or material types. The adult human body contains approximately 60% water, and so makes up a significant proportion of the body, both in terms of weight and volume. Water content can vary from a high 75% in a newborn infant to a lower 45% in an obese person. (These figures are necessarily statistical averages).
Composition by tissue type can refer to the cells of the human body where the vast majority of cells are not human but bacterial cells and also archaea cells, particularly methanogens such as Methanobrevibacter smithii. The whole population of microbiota include microorganisms of the skin and other body parts and these in total are also termed the human microbiome the largest proportion of these form the gut flora.
The proportions of the elements of the body can be referred to in terms of the main elements, minor ones and trace elements. Material type may also be referred to as including water, protein, connective tissue, fats, carbohydrates and bone.
Human anatomy
Human anatomy (gr. ἀνατομία, "dissection", from ἀνά, "up", and τέμνειν, "cut") is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the human body.[4] Anatomy is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy (histology)[4] Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy, regional anatomy, or anthropotomy) is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by the naked eye.[4] Microscopic anatomy involves the use of microscopes to study minute anatomical structures, and is the field of histology which studies the organization of tissues at all levels, from cell biology (previously called cytology), to organs.[4] Anatomy, human physiology (the study of function), and biochemistry (the study of the chemistry of living structures) are complementary basic medical sciences that are generally taught together (or in tandem) to students studying medical sciences.
In some of its facets human anatomy is closely related to embryology, comparative anatomy and comparative embryology,[4] through common roots in evolution; for example, much of the human body maintains the ancient segmental pattern that is present in all vertebrates with basic units being repeated, which is particularly obvious in the vertebral column and in the ribcage, and which can be traced from the somitogenesis stage in very early embryos.
Generally, physicians, dentists, physiotherapists, nurses, paramedics, radiographers, and students of certain biological sciences, learn gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy from anatomical models, skeletons, textbooks, diagrams, photographs, lectures, and tutorials. The study of microscopic anatomy (or histology) can be aided by practical experience in examining histological preparations (or slides) under a microscope; and in addition, medical and dental students generally also learn anatomy with practical experience of dissection and inspection of cadavers (corpses). A thorough working knowledge of anatomy is required for all medical doctors, especially surgeons, and doctors working in some diagnostic specialities, such as histopathology and radiology.
Human anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry are basic medical sciences, which are generally taught to medical students in their first year at medical school. Human anatomy can be taught regionally or systemically;[4] that is, respectively, studying anatomy by bodily regions such as the head and chest, or studying by specific systems, such as the nervous or respiratory systems. The major anatomy textbook, Gray's Anatomy, has recently been reorganized from a systems format to a regional format, in line with modern teaching.[5][6]
Anatomical variations
Template:Further Template:Unreferenced section In human anatomy, the term anatomical variation refers to a non-pathologic anatomic structure that is different from the norm. The possible anatomic variations in each organ and its arterial and venous supply must be known by physicians, such as surgeons or radiologists, in order to identify them. Unlike congenital anomalies, anatomic variations are typically inconsequential and do not constitute a disorder. Accessory muscles are rare anatomical duplicates of muscle that can occur and only require treatment where function is impaired. The accessory soleus muscle in the ankle, is one such variation and one which does not need to be rectified.[7][8]
Human physiology
Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, bioelectrical, and biochemical functions of humans in good health, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. Physiology focuses principally at the level of organs and systems. Most aspects of human physiology are closely homologous to corresponding aspects of animal physiology, and animal experimentation has provided much of the foundation of physiological knowledge. Anatomy and physiology are closely related fields of study: anatomy, the study of form, and physiology, the study of function, are intrinsically related and are studied in tandem as part of a medical curriculum.
The study of how physiology is altered in disease is pathophysiology.
The human body consists of many interacting systems. Each system contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis, of itself, other systems, and the entire body. A system consists of two or more organs, which are functional collections of tissue. Systems do not work in isolation, and the well-being of the person depends upon the well-being of all the interacting body systems. Some combining systems are referred to by their joint names such as the nervous system and the endocrine system known together as the neuroendocrine system.
|Clinical study
|The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The brain is the organ of thought, emotion, memory, and sensory processing, and serves many aspects of communication and controls various systems and functions. The special senses consist of vision, hearing, taste, and smell. The eyes, ears, tongue, and nose gather information about the body's environment.
|neuroscience, neurology (disease), psychiatry (behavioral), ophthalmology (vision), otolaryngology (hearing, taste, smell)
|The musculoskeletal system consists of the human skeleton (which includes bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage) and attached muscles. It gives the body basic structure and the ability for movement. In addition to their structural role, the larger bones in the body contain bone marrow, the site of production of blood cells. Also, all bones are major storage sites for calcium and phosphate. This system can be split up into the muscular system and the skeletal system.
|orthopedics (bone and muscle disorders and injuries)
|cell physiology, musculoskeletal physiology, osteology (skeleton), arthrology (articular system), myology (muscular system)[9]
|The circulatory system or cardiovascular system comprises the heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries). The heart propels the circulation of the blood, which serves as a "transportation system" to transfer oxygen, fuel, nutrients, waste products, immune cells, and signalling molecules (i.e., hormones) from one part of the body to another. The blood consists of fluid that carries cells in the circulation, including some that move from tissue to blood vessels and back, as well as the spleen and bone marrow.
|cardiology (heart), hematology (blood)
|cardiovascular physiology[10][11] The heart itself is divided into three layers called the endocardium, myocardium and epicardium, which vary in thickness and function.[12]
|The respiratory system consists of the nose, nasopharynx, trachea, and lungs. It brings oxygen from the air and excretes carbon dioxide and water back into the air.
|respiratory physiology
|The digestive system consists of the mouth including the tongue and teeth, esophagus, stomach, gut (gastrointestinal tract, small and large intestines, and rectum), as well as the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and salivary glands. It converts food into small, nutritional, non-toxic molecules for distribution by the circulation to all tissues of the body, and excretes the unused residue.
|gastrointestinal physiology
|The integumentary system consists of the covering of the body (the skin), including hair and nails as well as other functionally important structures such as the sweat glands and sebaceous glands. The skin provides containment, structure, and protection for other organs, but it also serves as a major sensory interface with the outside world.
|cell physiology, skin physiology
|The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It removes water from the blood to produce urine, which carries a variety of waste molecules and excess ions and water out of the body.
|nephrology (function), urology (structural disease)
|renal physiology
|The reproductive system consists of the gonads and the internal and external sex organs. The reproductive system produces gametes in each sex, a mechanism for their combination, and a nurturing environment for the first 9 months of development of the infant.
|gynecology (women), andrology (men), sexology (behavioral aspects) embryology (developmental aspects), obstetrics (partition)
|reproductive physiology
|The immune system consists of the white blood cells, the thymus, lymph nodes and lymph channels, which are also part of the lymphatic system. The immune system provides a mechanism for the body to distinguish its own cells and tissues from alien cells and substances and to neutralize or destroy the latter by using specialized proteins such as antibodies, cytokines, and toll-like receptors, among many others.
|The main function of the lymphatic system is to extract, transport and metabolize lymph, the fluid found in between cells. The lymphatic system is very similar to the circulatory system in terms of both its structure and its most basic function (to carry a body fluid).
|oncology, immunology
|oncology, immunology
|The endocrine system consists of the principal endocrine glands: the pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, pancreas, parathyroids, and gonads, but nearly all organs and tissues produce specific endocrine hormones as well. The endocrine hormones serve as signals from one body system to another regarding an enormous array of conditions, and resulting in variety of changes of function. There is also the exocrine system.
The term homeostasis refers to a system that regulates its internal environment and maintains a stable, relatively constant condition; such as maintaining an equal temperature or pH. This is required for the body to function sufficiently. Without a relatively constant pH, temperature, blood flow, and position, it would be impossible for the human to survive.
Many interacting systems and mechanisms act to maintain the human's internal environment. The nervous system receives information from the body and transmits this to the brain via neurotransmitters. The endocrine system may release hormones to help regular blood pressure and volume. Cell metabolism may help to maintain the blood's pH.
Society and culture
Anatomy has become a key part of the visual arts. Basic concepts of how muscles and bones function and change with movement are vital in drawing, painting or animating a human figure. Many books (such as "Human Anatomy for Artists: The Elements of Form") have been written as guides to drawing the human body anatomically correctly.[13] Leonardo da Vinci sought to improve his art through a better understanding of human anatomy. In the process he advanced both human anatomy and its representation in art.
Because the structure of living organisms is complex, anatomy is organized by levels, from the smallest components of cells to the largest organs and their relationship to others.
History of anatomy
The history of anatomy has been characterized, over a long period of time, by an ongoing, developing understanding of the functions of organs and structures in the human body. Methods have advanced dramatically, from the simple examination by dissection of animals and cadavers (corpses), to the development and use of the microscope, to the far more technological advances of the electron microscope and other complex techniques developed since the beginning of the 20th century. During the 19th and early 20th centuries it was the most prominent biological field of scientific study. [14]
History of physiology
The study of human physiology dates back to at least 420 B.C. and the time of Hippocrates, the father of western medicine.[15] The critical thinking of Aristotle and his emphasis on the relationship between structure and function marked the beginning of physiology in Ancient Greece, while Claudius Galenus (c. 126–199 A.D.), known as Galen, was the first to use experiments to probe the function of the body. Galen was the founder of experimental physiology.[16] The medical world moved on from Galenism only with the appearance of Andreas Vesalius and William Harvey.[17]
During the Middle Ages, the ancient Greek and Indian medical traditions were further developed in Islamic medicine. Notable work in this period was done by Avicenna (980–1037), author of the The Canon of Medicine, and Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), among others.
Following from the Middle Ages, the Renaissance brought an increase of physiological research in the Western world that triggered the modern study of anatomy and physiology. Andreas Vesalius was an author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica.[18] Vesalius is often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy.[19] Anatomist William Harvey described the circulatory system in the 17th century,[20] demonstrating the fruitful combination of close observations and careful experiments to learn about the functions of the body, which was fundamental to the development of experimental physiology. Herman Boerhaave is sometimes referred to as a father of physiology due to his exemplary teaching in Leiden and textbook Institutiones medicae (1708).
In the 18th century, important works in this field were by Pierre Cabanis, a French doctor and physiologist.
In the 19th century, physiological knowledge began to accumulate at a rapid rate, in particular with the 1838 appearance of the Cell theory of Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann. It radically stated that organisms are made up of units called cells. Claude Bernard's (1813–1878) further discoveries ultimately led to his concept of milieu interieur (internal environment), which would later be taken up and championed as "homeostasis" by American physiologist Walter Cannon (1871–1945).Template:Clarify
In the 20th century, biologists also became interested in how organisms other than human beings function, eventually spawning the fields of comparative physiology and ecophysiology.[21] Major figures in these fields include Knut Schmidt-Nielsen and George Bartholomew. Most recently, evolutionary physiology has become a distinct subdiscipline.[22]
The biological basis of the study of physiology, integration refers to the overlap of many functions of the systems of the human body, as well as its accompanied form. It is achieved through communication that occurs in a variety of ways, both electrical and chemical.
In terms of the human body, the endocrine and nervous systems play major roles in the reception and transmission of signals that integrate function. Homeostasis is a major aspect with regard to the interactions in the body.
See also
Further reading
Featured disease
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of the most dangerous heart attack risk factors: diabetes and prediabetes, abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol and high blood pressure.
Affects one in three adults
Affecting about 35 percent of all adults in the United States according to the CDC, metabolic syndrome contributes to weight gain, by causing a state of internal starvation called metabolic starvation. This in turn leads to increases hunger, sugar cravings and increased portions leading to overeating and weight gain.
Cause and effect misunderstood
Since we traditionally thought that the portion control (which in turn was attributed wrongly to poor will power)is the cause of weight gain, rather than the effect of this metabolic starvation, all our traditional ideas about cause and effect of obesity were not only wrong but lead to the "blame the victim" attitude when it comes to obesity.
Secret of weight gain revealed
Secret of weight gain, and metabolic syndrome revealed - it has been recently proven that metabolic syndrome, and the weight gain itself are caused by a process called insulin resistance. Check your metabolic syndrome risk using the free Metabolic syndrome meter. Watch this amazing Ted Med video that reveals the secret of weight loss - Stop blaming the victim for obesity
Featured disease
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of the most dangerous heart attack risk factors: diabetes and prediabetes, abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol and high blood pressure.
Affects one in three adults
Affecting about 35 percent of all adults in the United States according to the CDC, metabolic syndrome contributes to weight gain, by causing a state of internal starvation called metabolic starvation. This in turn leads to increases hunger, sugar cravings and increased portions leading to overeating and weight gain.
Cause and effect misunderstood
Since we traditionally thought that the portion control (which in turn was attributed wrongly to poor will power)is the cause of weight gain, rather than the effect of this metabolic starvation, all our traditional ideas about cause and effect of obesity were not only wrong but lead to the "blame the victim" attitude when it comes to obesity.
Secret of weight gain revealed
Secret of weight gain, and metabolic syndrome revealed - it has been recently proven that metabolic syndrome, and the weight gain itself are caused by a process called insulin resistance. Check your metabolic syndrome risk using the free Metabolic syndrome meter. Watch this amazing Ted Med video that reveals the secret of weight loss - Stop blaming the victim for obesity
External links
Template:Sister project Template:Sister project
- Human Physiology textbook at Wikibooks
- Template:En icon Template:Ar icon The Book of Humans from the early 18th century
- Referencing site and detailed pictures showing information on the human body anatomy and structure
Template:Human system and organs
Template:Physiology types
|Health science - Medicine
|Anesthesiology - Dermatology - Emergency Medicine - General practice - Intensive care medicine - Internal medicine - Neurology - Obstetrics & Gynecology - Pediatrics - Podiatry - Public Health & Occupational Medicine - Psychiatry - Radiology - Surgery
|Branches of Internal medicine
|Cardiology - Endocrinology - Gastroenterology - Hematology - Infectious diseases - Nephrology - Oncology - Pulmonology - Rheumatology
|Branches of Surgery
|General surgery - Cardiothoracic surgery - Neurosurgery - Ophthalmology - Orthopedic surgery - Otolaryngology (ENT) - Plastic surgery - Podiatric surgery - Urology - Vascular surgery
|A-Z health topics | Popular health topics
Glossary of medical terms | Dictionary of medicine | Drugs A-Z | Topics in Medicine | Dictionary of drugs
- ↑ Cell Movements and the Shaping of the Vertebrate Body in Chapter 21 of Molecular Biology of the Cell fourth edition, edited by Bruce Alberts (2002) published by Garland Science.
The Alberts text discusses how the "cellular building blocks" move to shape developing embryos. It is also common to describe small molecules such as amino acids as "molecular building blocks".
- ↑ Bianconi, E. Piovesin, A. et al. Annals of Human Biology 2013 Nov–Dec;40(6) 463-71 PMID 23829164
- ↑ http://www.human-body.org/ (dead link)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 "Introduction page, "Anatomy of the Human Body". Henry Gray. 20th edition. 1918". Retrieved 27 March 2007.
- ↑ "Publisher's page for Gray's Anatomy. 39th edition (UK). 2004. ISBN 0-443-07168-3". Archived from the original on 20 February 2007. Retrieved 27 March 2007.
- ↑ "Publisher's page for Gray's Anatomy. 39th edition (US). 2004. ISBN 0-443-07168-3". Archived from the original on 9 February 2007. Retrieved 27 March 2007.
- ↑ "accessory muscle". Farlex. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑ "Cardiovascular System". U.S. National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 2008-09-16. ----
- ↑
- ↑ "The Cardiovascular System". SUNY Downstate Medical Center. 2008-03-08. Retrieved 2008-09-16.
- ↑
- ↑ Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman. Tarikh llm Tashrih [An extensive Book in Urdu on History of anatomy] (1967), Tibbi Academy, Delhi, Second revised edition 2009 (ISBN 978-81-906070-), Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences, Aligarh
- ↑ "Physiology – History of physiology, Branches of physiology". www.Scienceclarified.com. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
- ↑
- ↑ "Galen". Discoveriesinmedicine.com. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
- ↑ "Page through a virtual copy of Vesalius's De Humanis Corporis Fabrica". Archive.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
- ↑ "Andreas Vesalius (1514–1567)". Ingentaconnect.com. 1999-05-01. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑
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text:
Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research
The Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research (CAHDR) at Meharry Medical College conducts research and other scholarly activities designed to identify, understand, and eliminate factors responsible for the profoundly disproportionate burden of AIDS and HIV infection among minority populations in the United States. The Center is reducing the burden of AIDS in local minority communities through basic, clinical, and translational research.
The CAHDR has three major areas of focus: biology, behavioral, and community outreach. Researchers at the CAHDR study new mechanisms of HIV infections, pathogenesis, immunity, and development of novel means for intervention.


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CIA Director David Petraeus resigns
CIA Director David Petraeus has submitted his resignation to President Obama, citing an extramarital affair.
In a statement sent to the CIA workforce today, Petraeus said he went to the White House Thursday to ask the president to accept his resignation. The president accepted his resignation today.
"After being married for over 37 years, I showed extremely poor judgment by engaging in an extramarital affair," Petraeus said in the letter to the CIA workforce. "Such behavior is unacceptable, both as a husband and as the leader of an organization such as ours."
Petraeus took over as director of the CIA in September 2011. An extramarital affair could have serious implications in the intelligence agency, given that it could potentially lead to security leaks.}
A White House official told CBS News' Nancy Cordes that the White House did not know before the election that Petraeus would resign and that the news comes as a surprise to everyone.
In a statement, Mr. Obama said he is "completely confident that the CIA will continue to thrive and carry out its essential mission," adding that he has the "utmost confidence" in Acting Director Michael Morell and the CIA workforce. The White House has had high praise for Morell, who may be in line to replace Petraeus.
The president said his "thoughts and prayers" are with Petraeus and his wife Holly Petraeus, and he praised Petraeus for his long history of serving the nation.
"By any measure, he was one of the outstanding General officers of his generation, helping our military adapt to new challenges, and leading our men and women in uniform through a remarkable period of service in Iraq and Afghanistan, where he helped our nation put those wars on a path to a responsible end," Mr. Obama said. "As Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, he has continued to serve with characteristic intellectual rigor, dedication, and patriotism. By any measure, through his lifetime of service David Petraeus has made our country safer and stronger."
Director of National Intelligence James Clapper similarly said in a statement that the CIA director's decision "represents the loss of one of our nation's most respected public servants."
"From his long, illustrious Army career to his leadership at the helm of CIA, Dave has redefined what it means to serve and sacrifice for one's country," he said.
Petraeus was scheduled to testify next week at a closed hearing of the Senate Intelligence Committee on the terrorist attack on the U.S. consulate in Benghazi, Libya, as well as intelligence and security in the region. The Senate Intelligence Committee says Morrell will testify in Patraeus' place. Petraeus gave the orders that sent a CIA team flying into Benghazi in a vain attempt to rescue Americans. Two members of that team were killed on that mission.
Before heading the CIA, the 60-year-old Petraeus served for more than 37 years in the U.S. Army, most recently as commander of the International Security Assistance Force and as the commander of U.S. forces in Afghanistan. Petraeus' high profile career has made him one of the most well known generals of his generation, winning him widespread praise and spurring speculation that he would run for political office.}
In his opening statement during his confirmation hearings for the position of CIA director, Petraeus praised his wife, who now serves as assistant director of the new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. "Holly was recently described as being bright, nice, small, and a pit bull - someone you want in your corner," he said. "I have been blessed to have had her in my corner for some 37 years and 23 moves."
He also discussed "appropriate behavior" during his confirmation hearing.
"The leader of any organization is responsible for establishing the necessary climate and processes for ensuring appropriate performance and behavior by the organizations' members," Petraeus said. "I am confident that the CIA has a culture of high standards and the necessary regulatory processes for managing wrongdoing or misconduct."
In a feature in the latest issue of Newsweek called "Petraeus's Rules for Living," rule No. 5 was, "We all will make mistakes. The key is to recognize them and admit them, to learn from them, and to take off the rearview mirrors -- drive on and avoid making them again." The article was penned by Paula Broadwell, who wrote Petraeus' biography, entitled, "All In: The Education of General David Petraeus."


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Deepcrush wrote:Well I have time in my life now so it would be cool to get the RPs up and going again.
Tsukiyumi wrote:Well, that's two (three, counting me). C'mon people! These cosmic horrors aren't going to kill themselves!
Tsukiyumi wrote:Okay, PMs sent to Colm and Lighthawk; I'll call Uzume, and maybe we can get this rolling again.
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Mamie Van Doren In Xanadu is a radioshow curated by Dj No Breakfast, dedicated to cool & strange music, with special affection for amateurish masterpieces, misunderstood stars, obscure geniuses. Broadcast every wednesday 7pm - 8pm on radio FMR 89.1 (Toulouse, Fr.) streaming & podcast.
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The crazy, zany, world of Katamari is back and better than ever before, complete with new stages, new visual effects, new strategies, and full 1080p HD resolution! The gameplay has generated millions of fans worldwide and the loveable characters are ready to roll again. The King of All Cosmos has bumped his head and lost all his memory. The Prince and his cousins created RoboKing to replace the King, but it went out of control and destroyed all the stars in the Cosmos. To clean up the mess made by RoboKing and bring back the King's memory, the Prince and his Cousins must roll their Katamaris and bring color back to the world. So get ready to roll that Katamari once more!
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NAGOYA, Japan (Reuters) - Toyota Motor Corp (7203.T) executives have sometimes seemed to share the personality of the automaker's best-selling cars - dependable and efficient, but also a bit boring and bland.
That's changing. In recent months, Toyota founding family scion and President Akio Toyoda has emerged from the bureaucratic shadows to present himself as the company's car-loving, fashion-forward salesman-in-chief.
The marketing campaign aides have built around Toyoda is an unconventional move for a Japanese corporate icon where team play is prized above outsized personalities.
In recent weeks, Toyoda has donned a race suit to drive the Lexus LFA super car at the 24-hour race in Germany's Nuerburgring circuit and turned up at a Lexus party in New York with a hipster bow-tie and retro glasses.
Meanwhile his assistants have kept a steady newsfeed on the "Toyota President's Office" Facebook page, which Toyoda was inspired to set up by the popularity of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's page.
"I am at the top of Toyota and drive cars myself," Toyoda told reporters at an event in May when discussing the role he can play in to promote and develop the Lexus brand, which he has been directly overseeing since April. "I was also born with this name."
Toyota, which marked its 75th anniversary last year, for decades let its product speak for itself by building value-priced cars with bulletproof quality.
In an industry with more than its fair share of celebrity CEOs comfortable with the limelight, such as Chrysler's Lee Iacocca and Nissan Motor Co (7201.T) and Renault SA's (RENA.PA) Carlos Ghosn, at Toyota the real star has always been the "Toyota Way" — the production and management philosophy passed down from one generation to next from founder Kiichiro Toyoda.
But as rivals from General Motors Co (GM.N) to Hyundai Motor Co (005380.KS) to Volkswagen AG (VOWG_p.DE) have narrowed the quality gap, the Japanese automaker has been forced to respond.
In a J.D. Power & Associates survey of initial quality released in June — the benchmark for the industry — General Motors finished ahead of Toyota, highlighting the increased challenge for the one-time quality king.
To push back, Toyota has been trying to make its cars more stylish. To shake up its slow decision-making process, it has split the carmaker's operations into four business teams and named non-Japanese to head regional operations in some areas.
It is also trying to bring a new edginess to its brand image and design. That strategy has put the spotlight on the 57-year-old Toyoda, according to people involved in the effort.
It marks an unlikely, mid-career emergence for Toyoda, the grandson of the company's founder, who just a few years ago was blogging under a pseudonym.
"One of the main things he is doing is giving Toyota, the company, a personality," said Julie Hamp, Toyota Motor North America's Group Vice President in charge of communications.
"He knows that Toyota needs a story and products to fire the emotions and to ground our identity in new realities today, which is a more competitive environment."
Toyota declined to make Toyoda available for an interview. He and six executive vice presidents are set to speak to the media on Monday.
What pushed Toyoda to embrace a radical corporate image makeover was a series of recall crises that hit the automaker in 2009, a senior Toyota executive said. Toyota recalled millions of vehicles globally because of problems including a glitch in the accelerator and floormat design.
The company's response to the crisis was slow and, most damagingly, Toyoda failed to speak up for the company. After weeks out of the spotlight, Toyoda, who had only been in the top job for eight months, called a news conference in Nagoya to apologize, but struggled to provide an English soundbite.
When Toyoda was grilled by a U.S. congressional committee in February 2010, the experience was scarring, people knowledgeable about his thinking have said. It left him convinced the company had to change its approach to communication.
Until then, Toyoda had seemed uncomfortable with reporters, only lighting up when talking about his great grandfather's loom design or the principles of Toyota's quality control, and he remained reluctant to put himself in the spotlight.
To give him a nudge, the senior Toyota executive said, Toyota designers prepared a kind of mock fashion magazine for their boss, featuring scenes with stylishly dressed male models all with Toyoda's head superimposed on the image.
The idea was that Toyoda could be the star salesman if he could represent the brand and improve its image with edgy fashion at certain events.
Toyoda first balked at the idea, but has since warmed to the role. In April, he took stage with a new look — retro glasses, hip bowtie — at the design-themed event for the luxury Lexus brand held in New York.
"The image of Toyota might have been that it is massive and hard to approach, especially those executives at the top who run the company - they are out of reach, above the clouds," the senior executive said. "That might have been the case in the past, but now that's no longer true."
Additional reporting by Kentaro Sugiyama; Editing by Norihiko Shirouzu, Kevin Krolicki and Alex Richardson


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Notice is given that the Articles of incorporation that will incorporate Subsurface Alliance, Inc. have been delivered to the Secretary of State for filing in accordance with the Georgia Business Corporation Code. The initial registered office of the corporation is 52 Industrial Drive Baxley, GA 31513 and its initial registered agent is Terry R. Holland.
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Many in California and elsewhere are looking for inspiration in creating a gorgeous, low-water landscape, and the traditional Mediterranean garden provides ample ideas for those with a sunny garden and good drainage.
If you've seen the bold, lavender-lined gardens of Tuscany in books and magazines, you may have wondered how to get the look in your own space.
A Mediterranean garden design incorporates a number of iconic elements, such as the terra-cotta hue of the hardscaping and paint, the grayish-green foliage of so many Mediterranean plants, and the vase-shaped pots with bold flowers spilling from them.
One of the strongest elements, however, is a reliance on traditional Mediterranean garden plants. Olives, lavender and other herbs, and Italian cypress mix with other boldly colored garden plants to create the feeling of warmth in Tuscan gardens.
If you're interested in creating a Mediterranean-inspired garden, here are some traditional plants to choose from, as well as some other waterwise plants that harmonize well with this style.
Mediterranean herbs for fragrance, color
Lavender, wormwood (Artemisia), sage, lavender cotton (Santolina), rosemary, oregano, and thyme all make excellent additions to a Tuscan-style garden. Because their foliage releases scent when they are brushed against, they can make an excellent planting for along a pathway or near a seating area.
The grayish-green foliage of many of these herbs harmonizes well with olive trees, and the cool purple-blue tones of many of the flowers contrasts nicely with the warm hues used in so many Tuscan garden designs.
When using Mediterranean herbs, don't be afraid to go bold or formal in your design. It takes courage to plant 50 lavender plants along a pathway, but the effect will be well worth it. Likewise, formally flanking an entry with matching rosemary plants takes a bit of forethought, but strong design statements like these make the rest of your garden seem like part of a larger theme.
Italian cypress spires punctuate the garden
The tall spires of Italian cypress provide a sense of order and formality to a tumbling, exuberant garden.
Dwarf varieties such as 'Tiny Towers' can be placed in pots to highlight a patio or entry, or they can line a pathway and lead your eye toward the next view. Large varieties of Italian cypress can make excellent screens toward the periphery of the landscape.
However, the drawback to using Italian cypress is they are suited only to climates with summer heat (and realtively low humidity). In my cool, rainy climate, they last just a few years before turning brown and sad.
If you live in a cool-summer climate, try these substitutes, which will provide a tall, slender spire in the garden:
Juniperus scopulorum 'Skyrocket'
Thuja occidentalis 'Emerald'
Buxus sempervirens 'Graham Blandy'
Ilex crenata 'Sky Pencil'
Liriodendron tulipfera 'Fastigiatum'
Podocarpus gracilior
Bold flowers add interest
Strong flower color is another integral part of a Mediterranean garden design. Orange and apricot hues are an excellent foil to the blue-purple flowers of lavender, rosemary, sage, and other Mediterranean herbs.
Sun rose (Helianthemum) is a cheerful low-water ground cover for Mediterranean-type gardens. Even when not in bloom, the foliage -- in gray to green -- looks great with other Tuscan plants. 'Cheviot', 'Henfield Brilliant', and 'Orange Surprise' are all in the right color range and are prolific bloomers in summer.
Spurge (Euphorbia) varieties are another excellent addition to a Mediterranean theme. Because their foliage colors range from blue-green to medium green, and their flowers add dashes of lime green or fiery orange-red, they harmonize beautifully with the cooler tones of so many Mediterranean plants. Try 'Red Wing', 'Fireglow', and the ground cover variety E. cyparissias for bold color and a billowing form.
Wallflower (Erysimum) is a fragrant flowering plant for the Mediterranean garden. While wallflower can be short-lived (lasting around four years in most gardens), they grow quickly to two to three feet around and bloom prolifically even in their first season. Try 'Fire King', 'Orange Bedder', 'Apricot Twist', and 'Poem Mirabelle' for a rich orange addition to the garden.
Native plants can also be a waterwise addition to a Mediterranean garden theme. The key is in selecting natives that are well-adapted to your area and can naturalize easily in your garden. For my area, the cheery orange flowers of California poppy, monkeyflower (Mimulus), and leopard lily (Lilium pardalinum) shine with this garden theme.
You can see how choosing just a few bold colors of plants can help you keep to a Mediterranean theme without feeling constrained to just a few types of plants.
When you refine your color palette to a few shades, you'll be surprised to find how many different types of plants can fit seamlessly into your garden theme. This allows endless room for creativity and making your garden your own.
Genevieve Schmidt is a landscape designer and garden writer in the redwoods of northern California. She shares her professional tips for gardening in the Pacific Northwest at North Coast Gardening and on Twitter. To read more by Genevieve here at Diggin' It, click here.


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Getting in the Card Game
Monday, September 3, 2012
People who visit Hess Brewing can enjoy a fresh beverage whose origins go way, way, way back in human history.
When it comes time to pay for a beer, however, owner Mike Hess opts for a 21st century twist on the credit card machine. Hess records the transactions from the tasting room at his microbrewery using an Apple Inc. iPad with a specialized attachment and software. The iPad serves "more or less as a cash register," the brewer said.
San Francisco-based Square Inc. produces the system that Hess uses. Thousands of other merchants in the region use it too, according to a company spokeswoman.
Square offers a free card reader that attaches to an iPhone or iPad. The merchant swipes a credit card through the reader, then has people sign for the transaction on the iPad, iPhone or Android device.
Square charges 2.75 percent per transaction.
The device helped Hess quickly switch from a cash-only operation to one that accepts credit cards. "We probably do close to 70 percent of our business in credit cards," he said.
Software Now Tracks Inventory
Hess said during the two years he's been in business, Square's software has evolved so that it now helps him keep track of inventory.
Another business that uses Square in conjunction with iPads is Refresh Coffee, a 2-year-old outfit that has coffee carts outside Alvarado Hospital Medical Center and in the Sabre Springs neighborhood.
Patrick Neal, a 26-year-old entrepreneur, runs the carts with a staff of five people. "I'm 100 percent pleased with Square," said Neal.
Neal has also used credit card terminals supplied by his bank, but the banks charged account fees and maintenance fees on top of taking a percentage of each transaction. What's more, the equipment he received had a tendency to break. "I went through three or four card readers," Neal said.
Square's pricing system is simpler than the banks'. "If you don't swipe anything, you don't pay money," he said.
Neal uses a second variation of Square's services, called Pay With Square, where a person uses his mobile phone to pay for a coffee drink.
When it's time to pay, a customer's name and photo appear on the cash register. The clerk confirms the customer's identity, presses a button and puts the charge on the customer's card.
Starbucks Is Investing
"You don't even have to take out your wallet," said Square spokeswoman Lindsay Wiese.
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