text:
Writing Resources by Topic
Academic Essays
- Essays
- The Writing Process
- Prewriting Strategies
- Abstract
- Research Papers
- Revising Content
- Revising Organization
- Editing and Proofreading
Thesis Statements
Related Links
- Writing Classification/Division Essays »
Mt. San Antonio College
- Writing Tips: Essay Builder »
actden (Digital Education Network)
- Writing a Basic Essay »
Kathy Livingston
- Rhetoric and Composition »
- Argumentative Essays »
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Avoiding Plagiarism
Related Links
- Plagiarism Resource Site »
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Resource Site
- How to Recognize Plagiarism »
Indiana University Bloomington
- Plagiarisma »
- Advanced Plagiarism Checker »
- The Plagiarism Checker »
- Plagiarism Checker »
Citing/Documenting Your Sources
- Why are There Different Citation Styles?
- Quick Guide: Citation Chart
- Incorporating References
- Annotated Bibliographies
MLA (Modern Language Association)
Important Notice: The MLA released the 8th edition of its handbook, thus we will update this page with the new guidelines soon. Meanwhile, you may go to Purdue Owl or the MLA Style Center to check the 8th edition new guidelines. Thank you.
APA (American Psychological Association)
- APA Format References Page
- Using APA Format »
- APA Style Blog: help online »
- APA Style: It's the Little Things... »
- Citing a website in APA
- Citing a website with missing elements in APA
- APA Overview Power Point (ppt)
Chicago/Turabian Style
- Chicago Manual of Style References Page
- Chicago Manual of Style Citation Online »
- Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition
Other Citation Styles
- AAA Citation Style »
AAA - American Anthropological Association
- ACS Citation Style »
ACS - American Chemical Society
- AIP Citation Style »
AIP - American Institute of Physics
- AMA Citation Style »
AMA - American Medical Association
- APS Citation Style »
APS - American Physical Society
- APSA Citation Style »
APSA - American Political Science Association
- ASA Citation Style »
ASA - American Sociological Association
- CSE Citation Style »
CSE - Council of Science Editors
- CBE Citation Style »
CSE - Council of Biology Editors
- CBE Citation Style »
CSE - Council of Biology Editors
- I-EEE Citation Style Manual »
I-EEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- I-EEE Complete Citation Style Guide »
I-EEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- LSA Style »
Linguistic Society of America
- Medicine (Vancouver) Citation Style »
Vancouver Style
Helpful Guides
- Ultimate Guide to Citation Style »
Buisness Training Schools
- List of Style Manuals »
Bedford St.Martins
- Endnote »
available to download from KU, and KU also holds workshops on how to use it
- Zotero »
useful research tool to quickly save online data into your personal library, also able to obtain reference information (for citations) from some webpages
- Evernote webclipper »
easily save webpages in various formats, but unlike Zotero, it cannot generate reference information
Critical Thinking, Reading, and Study Strategies
Related Links
- The Annotated Bibliography »
Cornell University
- How to Read a Primary Source »
Bowdoin College
- Taking Notes from Lectures »
University of Minnesota, Duluth
- The Learning Toolbox: Notetaking »
James Madison University Special Education Program
- Dictionary and Reverse Dictionary »
Could be used as a Dictionary or to help with finding a word you are looking for.
- Improving College Reading Comprehension Skills
KU Writing Center Resources
Related Links
- How To Write A Dissertation »
Purdue University
- Thoughts on Dissertation Proposal Writing »
- The Holy Grail: In Pursuit of the Dissertation Proposal
- Sample Dissertation Proposals »
- Demystifying the Dissertation Proposal »
- Writing Your Dissertation »
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Dissertation Calculator »
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
- Writing A Thesis or Dissertation
- Choosing a dissertation topic »
Academic Coaching & Writing
- Dissertation Research Blog from the Regents Center Library at KU Edwards »
- The Thesis Whisperer (with tips for students working on theses or dissertations) »
ESL Learners
Suggested Resources
Oxford University Press
Oxford Advanced Learners' Dictionary »
Oxford's Learner's Dictionary allows you to type any word and learn about its definition, the different parts of speech in which it can be used, and how it is commonly used in speech and writing. It also shows idioms, and includes a list of synonyms.
Dave's ESL Cafe
Dave's ESL Cafe for Students and Teachers »
Dave's ESL Cafe has a variety of resources both for ESL learners and teachers. There are links to grammar help and practice quizzes, language instruction jobs, places to upload a resume, teacher and student forums, a bookstore, and even podcasts.
Purdue University OWL
Key Concepts for Writing in North American Colleges »
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Transitions for ESL »
Suzy McAnsh & Ken Pennington, Finnish Virtual University
Learn English effectively »
How to Learn English Effectively is a website that offers advice and encouragement as well as methods for mastering English through everything from dictionaries to pronunciation. The site includes links to discussion forums and articles and resources. Language learners can also read Tom's Blog, which answers questions about English language learning and other languages.
Academic Writing in English
Academic Writing in English »
Academic Writing in English covers various aspects of paper writing including cohesion, grammar, punctuation, and style. Each link includes links to other elements of paper writing such as topic sentences or contrastive connectors. The site opens up with a discussion of the definition of academic writing.
Grammar and Usage
Suggested Resources
Grammar by Topics »
This guide will help you answer grammar questions you have. It is well ogranized by topics for easier search.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Writing Techniques Handbook »
This handbook offers guidance for comma use, thesis statements, resumes, abstracts, and more.
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Writer's Handbook »
The Writer's Handbook helps in getting started with assignments like research papers, reviews, and literary analysis papers. There is also information about writing style, citations, grammar, and punctuation.
Rutgers University
Resources for Writers and Writing Instructors »
This page provides a list of websites and other resources for writers, most resources are annotated.
Interactive Grammar Review
Grammar Bytes! »
Grammar Bytes offers definitions of grammar terms, practice exercises, presentations, and quick grammar tips. This site is helpful for teachers and students.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Grammar Handbook »
This Handbook explains basic grammatical rules on parts of speech, clauses, sentences, and other common usage questions.
Capital Community College
Guide to Grammar & Writing »
This Guide answers common writing questions at many stages of writing. There are essay examples to complement discussions on thesis statements, tone, and conclusions.
Oxford Online Punctuation Guide
Guide to Grammar & Writing »
This Guide will help you with punctuation rules.
Literature Reviews
Related Links
The Writing Process
KU Writing Center Resources
- The Writing Process
- Prewriting Strategies
- Outlines
- Essays
- Revising Content
- Revising Organization
- Editing and Proofreading
- Paraphrase and Summary
- Setting Writing Goals
Related Links
Mind Mapping/Brainstorming
- Mohiomap »
visualizes what's in your Evernote and Dropbox, can create dynamic maps that visualize the connections between documents in your Dropbox and in your Evernote
- FreeMind »
a highly customizable, free mind mapping software
- Coggle »
online mind mapping tool, free to use, can collaborate with others in creating mind map, can track changes, supports Markdown input
- XMind »
mind mapping software, a free version and a pro version
- Mindjet »
said to be the best mind mapping tool, but not free
Focus Writing
- FocusWriter »
Free open source writer app, goes into full screen when writing, can customize background and typing sounds, etc.
- ZenWriter »
similar function, not free
- Ommwriter »
similar function, supports Markdown input, not free
- Writer »
online focus writing tool, cloud saving, texts can be exported into different document formats
- StayFocusd »
Google Chrome app, limits time you spend on time-wasting sites like Twitter
University of North Carolina
"Reverse Outline" »
This video demonstrates how to do a reverse outline.
George Mason University
Writing Resources »
George Mason University
Editing and Proofreading Checklist »
Michigan State University
Transition Words »
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Twelve Common Errors to Watch Out For »
This list includes brief examples and explanations for common editing problems.
University of Wisconsin–Madison
How to Proof Read »
This resource provides a list of proofreading tips.
KU Writing Center Resources
Related Links
Personal and Professional Writing
Academic Job Search Materials
Applications for both tenure-track and non-tenure-track academic jobs call for certain materials, such as cover letters, teaching statements, writing statements, and writing samples. Find resources, advice, and explanations related to these genres below.
KU Writing Center Resources
Suggested Resources
Purdue University Owl
Academic Cover Letters »
This page outlines the academic cover letter.
Columbia University
Academic Cover Letters »
Specific guidelines and a generic template for the academic cover letter.
The Professor Is In Blog
Academic Cover Letters »
A former tenured professors gives advice to academic job applicants
The Professor Is In Blog
Research Statement »
A former tenured professor gives advice to academic job applicants.
The Professor Is In Blog
Teaching Statement »
A former tenured professor gives advice to academic job applicants.
The Professor Is In Blog
Teaching Statement »
A former tenured professor gives advice on how best to organize and structure the teaching statement.
University of Michigan
Teaching Statement »
In-depth advice, guidelines, FAQs, and a rubric for evaluating teaching statements.
The Professor Is In Blog
Postdoc Applications »
A former tenured professor gives advice on how to create application materials for a postdoc position.
Chronicle of Higher Education
Writing Sample »
Advice on how to choose and edit the writing sample as well as the Teaching Statement.
Conference Presentations
Suggested Resources
Colin Purrington
Designing conference posters »
This is a great guide on how to design your poster and make it stand out.
Claremont Graduate University
Presenting Conference Papers »
This page outlines some concerns specific to students presenting papers in the Humanities.
This site contains links and blog posts about creating better academic posters.
Funding Applications
KU Writing Center Resources
Journal Publications
What to Expect
Submitting an article for publication in a journal is often an exhausting but rewarding process. It is important to target a particular journal and tailor your work to it. If you submit to a peer reviewed journal, one or more people in your field will evaluate your article. This can add credibility to your work once it is published and provide you with valuable feedback. Peer review can be blind (the author remains unaware of the reviewer's identity) or double blind (author and reviewer are unaware of the other's identity). For many journals, a 40-60% rejection rate is standard, so do not be afraid to try several journals. A decision of "revise and resubmit" is even more common; try not to see that as a rejection, but as an invitation to improve your writing. (Acceptance rates are much higher after revision, so do revise in response to reviewers' feedback and resubmit your article.) Finally, expect the entire writing, submission, and revision process to be lengthy; it can sometimes take 2-3 years to be published.
KU Writing Center Resources
Suggested Resources
Higher Education Network
Writing for an academic journal: 10 tips »
10 extremely practical tips for writing journal articles (organizing, targeting, goal setting, etc.)
Roger Hiemstra
Writing Journal Articles »
General tips to guide writers who are submitting articles for publication (style, organization, etc.)
The Professor is In Blog
Journal Cover Letters »
A quick explanation of when and how to submit a cover letter with a journal publication
Résumés & CVs
Suggested Resources
University of Kansas Career Center
Resumes and Cover Letters
Comprehensive resources and examples for writing professional résumés and cover letters
Purdue University OWL
Workplace Writing »
This guide provides links to resources for workplace writers and people writing during the job search process.
Dartmouth Graduate Studies
Writing Your Curriculum Vitae »
This page outlines everything you need for your CV.
University of South Florida
This page gives advice on alternative academic careers and transforming CVs into resumes.
Scholarship & Admissions Essays
Suggested Resources
University of Michigan
Sample Scholarship Essays
This page has examples of winning personal essays.
University of Kansas
Writing Scholarship Application Essays
This handout provides a sample outline for a scholarship essay.
Colgate University
Personal Essays for Grad School »
This page gives a list of questions for brainstorming and editing your first draft of personal statements.
Purdue University
The Personal Statement »
This page suggests questions for the pre-writing process to help you start writing a personal statement.
Writing in Your Courses
Related Links
- Business Writing Revision »
Purdue University OWL
- Scientific Reports »
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- How to Write a Project Proposal »
This guide offers a detailed outline for a project proposal, as well as explanations for each step in the process.
- Tips for Writing History Papers »
Boston College
- Reading, Writing, and Researching for History »
Bowdoin College
- Writing the History Paper »
Dartmouth Writing Program
- Writing a good history paper »
Hamilton College
- Writing a history paper »
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Sciences »
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Writing Guidelines for Engineering and Science Students »
Virginia Tech
- Writing Technical Articles »
Colombia University
- Scientific Posters »
Eastern Kentucky University
- Creating Effective Poster Presentations »
North Carolina State University
- History: Writing about History »
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
- History Writing Guide »
Boston University
- Scientific Reports »
University of Wisconsin, Madison
- Psychology with Style »
University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point
- KU Medical Center »
Writing Your Research
- Abstract
- Annotated Bibliographies
- Original Research
- Primary vs. Secondary Sources
- Research Papers
- Incorporating References
Group Writing Projects
- DropBox »
synch, upload and share your documents easily
- Google Drive »
similar to Dropbox, can edit documents in google drive (only the Google document formats)
- Penflip »
a very simple web service to write group projects, easy to track changes of each document
- Evernote »
note taking software, can create notebooks and collaborate with other authors
- Trello »
organize projects into boards, members can collaborate, assign tasks, track progress via different functions provided by Trello
- Kona »
file sharing, online scheduling, task management in one space
- Zoho projects »
powerful online project management service


text:
The recent article �CCC library offers Islamic, Christian books� should have a subtitle: �Lesson One in Political Correctness�... or better still �Cultural Jihad.�
To the editor:
The recent article �CCC library offers Islamic, Christian books� should have a subtitle: �Lesson One in Political Correctness�... or better still �Cultural Jihad.�
The college president�s statement: �Understanding cultural nuances is really important ...help explore ideas� respect that our mission is to expand people�s minds and exposure�� is a perfect example of the academia elitists� na�vet� to accept Muslim propaganda under the guise of knowing more about each other so we can get along with each other.
The problem with that flawed academic drivel is that Islam does not want to exchange ideas and knowledge to get along and assimilate. Islam�s goal is to conquer in compliance with numerous dictates found throughout the pages of the Quran � especially that written after Muhammad moved from Mecca to Medina.
Indeed, students need to learn about Islam, but not only from Islamic scholars who write books loaded with distortions of history, taquiyya and abrogation but also from those who have experienced it and scholars who have studied it.
They should have access to books like: �Why We Left Islam� by 23 former Muslims and �Muhammad, Founder of the World�s Most Violent Religion� by Robert Spencer, one of America�s foremost authorities on the Quran.
Christian books obviously promote Christianity but do not expose the dangers of Islam. The following illustrates the Muslim trap � camouflaged cultural jihad.
Imam Zaid Shakir is an American-born Muslim, educated at Rutgers and American University, converted to Islam in 1977. He is now a scholar of Islam and considered to be the voice of the conscience of Muslims in America. He explains my point very well:
�Respect democracy insofar as it can be exploited to help the Brotherhood one day to assume power here. What a great victory it will be for Islam to have this country in the ranks of the Muslims. For now, Muslims must create a state within a state. I am a Muslim first and I hold Sharia Law before the Constitution of the United States�. Islam isn�t in America to be equal to any other faith but to become dominant. The Quran should be the highest authority in the United States.�
Exploit democracy! Create a state within a state! Does that sound like they want to assimilate, to exchange knowledge and learn about our different cultures?
Jihad is Islamic lingo for �holy war,� and we see it in its bloody form in many parts of the world where Muslims dominate. Cultural jihad has the same objective as bloody jihad, which is to conquer. Unlike bloody jihad, cultural jihad is a gradual process and if you don�t see bloodshed, you don�t know it�s happening, but it is.
England, Belgium, Australia and the Netherlands are examples to lesser or greater degree. There are many areas of London that the Muslims have completely taken over and the police fear to enter. Sharia law has completely replaced English Common Law there.
The operatives of cultural jihad are just like termites. You don�t know they have been eating away at your house until it collapses.
An instance of local cultural Jihad occurred to me personally, two years ago. I tried to rent Joslyn Hall at Carteret Community College to produce a patriotic show which I have produced for 23 years on many stages in America and for which I received the George Washington Honor Medal from the Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge in 1989 for �promoting Americanism and patriotism.�
I was denied the use of the theater because it contained scenes of the flaming World Trade Center and pictures of Muslims holding �Death to America� signs.
The reason for the denial: They didn�t want to hurt anybody�s feelings.
That, dear reader is cultural jihad and these books are aiding in that cause. Use some of that grant money and offer books that tell all sides of the Islamic story, not just what they want you to know. Otherwise, it�s a disservice to the students and taxpayers should demand it.
Chris Parr

subset: commoncrawl


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National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
Description: The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was one of the first laws ever written that establishes the broad national framework for protecting our environment. NEPA's basic policy is to assure that all branches of government give proper consideration to the environment prior to undertaking any major federal action that significantly affects the environment. NEPA requirements are invoked when airports, buildings, military complexes, highways, parkland purchases, and other federal activities are proposed. Environmental Assessments (EAs) and Environmental Impact Statements (EISs), which are assessments of the likelihood of impacts from alternative courses of action, are required from all Federal agencies and are the most visible NEPA requirements.
Date: January 1, 1970
Creator: United States. Congress.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Text
Partner: UNT Libraries


text:
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text:
Hundreds of volunteers will get on and around local waterways Saturday in various cleanup projects.
Hundreds of volunteers will get on and around local waterways Saturday in various cleanup projects.
They range from the Neuse Riverkeeper Foundation Cleanup Day to one sponsored by the Oriental Parks and Recreation to work on the Pamlico County town�s beach.
Lower Neuse Riverkeeper Mitch Blake said that volunteer applications for Saturday�s cleanup have closed since the river advocacy group has to organize groups and station sites for the event in advance.
But, he said anyone who wants can clean up an area of his or her choice. They are asked to call the Riverkeeper Foundation afterwards with the site name and the estimated amount and weight of items collected.
Creekkeeper Bill Hines in Oriental invites volunteers to come to the parking lot next to town hall Saturday morning at 9 a.m.
Volunteers are needed in kayaks and canoes, with larger support boats nearby to pick up the litter in the water.
He said volunteers can help without going out on the water, too. They�ll be cleaning up the ditches at roadside as well, to keep the litter there from migrating down creeks and in to the river. Tall boots are recommended for that task.
For more details on how to take part, contact Hines at 571-0264 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Also at 9 a.m. in Oriental, volunteers are welcome to help at the town beach on Neuse Drive. Organizer Sue Magnuson said a main goal is to remove prickly weeds.
Gloves, buckets and rakes are welcome for the cleanup, which is scheduled to continue until 1 p.m. Call Magnuson at 249-2096.
In 2012, the 10th annual Neuse Spring Cleanup attracted more than 350 volunteers along the river. They collected nearly 14,000 pounds of trash, including 3,440 pounds of recycle material and 53 automobile tires.
On the web: neuseriver.org
Call 637-7972.


text:
In recent months, of course, we have all been subject to the emphasis on the Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ, and a fitting emphasis it is. We are grateful for those who have turned their attention toward the suffering and the death of the Lord Jesus Christ, as the One who bore in His own body our sins on the cross. But it seems to me a...a somewhat obvious reality that consideration for the resurrection is not even a footnote in all of these discussions. At least in the public sector. Even in the film, The Passion of the Christ, the resurrection came and went in just a matter of moments. It was there, and I was glad for that, but it certainly was but a footnote after and agonizingly long time of focus upon His suffering.
And I think for many people the resurrection is something of a footnote, something to be considered, perhaps, as what Christians believe, but, perhaps, not noteworthy. Certainly not apparently as fascinating or interesting as the horrific and agonizing suffering of Jesus Christ. But the resurrection is no footnote. The resurrection is, in fact, the main issue. The resurrection is the high point. Everything in the Gospel of Jesus Christ, everything connected to our salvation, every promise that we hold in time and eternity is linked inextricably to the resurrection. What happened to Jesus before His death is not nearly as important as what happened to Jesus after His death. That He was scourged is a fact. That He suffered rejection and mockery and scorn and indignity and pain and insult and slander and then died is a fact.
But what is far more important than what happened before He died is what happened after. In fact, the world seems, to me, a little more open to looking at the cross than they are the open tomb. Because perhaps they do understand the implications of resurrection. And so while few, apart from perhaps, collectively, the Muslims, would deny that Jesus actually died, most would probably question that He actually rose.
The resurrection has massive implications. Everybody dies. But only One had the power to raise Himself from the dead. It is obvious to the enemy of our souls that the resurrection is critical. It is the linchpin that holds everything together. It is the cornerstone without which the building collapses. And that is why I think the resurrection is often mocked, scorned, denied, and sometimes just ignored, as if it were not of such importance to warrant a deep consideration. But the resurrection of Jesus Christ is absolutely critical. I want you to open your Bible for a moment to 1 Corinthians chapter 15. This is the chapter in the Bible that is known as the resurrection chapter, more than any other single chapter. This embraces the great realities of Christ's resurrection and our resurrection because of His. It is a lengthy chapter of 58 verses and gives to us the theology of resurrection.
But I wanna approach it the way that the Apostle Paul, who wrote this chapter under the Holy Spirit's inspiration did, in a somewhat backward fashion. There are, always are people who deny the resurrection or doubt the resurrection or mock the resurrection or are indifferent to the resurrection, as if it did not matter. And, apparently, some of these people were in Corinth, the city to which Paul wrote this letter. Because in verse 12 of 1 Corinthians 15, he says, "How do some among you say there is not resurrection of the dead?" It had come to Paul's attention that there were people who denied the resurrection. In fact, they denied resurrection as a reality.
Perhaps they were influenced by the sort of current Greek philosophy, that basically was dualistic. The idea was that anything physical or material was evil. Anything spiritual was good. And...and so here we were, these good, spiritual creatures incarcerated in this evil, material, physical world and body and, if we were ever gonna be truly good and reach our great potential, we had to be divested of our physicality. And so the next life promised to be a netherworld of free-floating spirits without anything material. Couldn't have material existence in the next world, because to have material existence in the next world would be to have evil in the next world. And we wanted a next world that was free of evil. Maybe they had imbibed that, and so they concluded that we're gonna exist in the future as floating spirits, as spirits that are not in a body, and, therefore, they denied or doubted resurrection.
Whatever it was that they were buying into, they were saying that the resurrection was not to be believed. Well, the implications of this are absolutely staggering. You know, it's amazing how you can come up with an idea that seems to you reasonable at some point in time, but if you're not careful, you...you've just pulled the rug out from under everything. You've chopped the legs out from under everything that you believe. And that had happened to these people, who, in the Corinthian church, may have concluded that the resurrection was not a fact and not a reality.
Notice verse 12, 1 Corinthians 15, "Now if Christ is preached, that He has been raised from the dead, how do some among you say that there is no resurrection of the dead? But if there is no resurrection of the dead, not even Christ has been raised; and if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is vain, your faith also is vain. Moreover, we are even found to be false witnesses of God, because we witnessed concerning God, that He raised Christ, whom He did not raise, in fact, if the dead are not raised. For if the dead are not raised, not even Christ has been raised; and if Christ has not been raised, your faith is worthless; you are still in your sins. Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished. If we have hoped in Christ in this life only, we are of all men most to be pitied."
This is a somewhat strange approach. This is coming at the resurrection backwards. This is coming at it from a skeptical viewpoint. This is simply looking at the resurrection and saying it didn't happen, and then having to deal with all of the implications of that denial. And I...I will say to you that this is not an easy approach for me to take, because the resurrection is true, because the resurrection is glorious, because the resurrection is so critical and essential to our faith, because the resurrection is the high point of the Gospel, because everything we believe and everything we hope is bound up in the resurrection, to come at this from the skeptics' viewpoint is somewhat painful. I would rather be glorifying the resurrection than playing the devil's advocate. But this is what Paul does, and I think it's instructive for us. Because it emphasizes how critical it is for us to hold to the resurrection.
If there is no resurrection, and we simply float away in some ethereal form, if there is no resurrection, and we get recycled as a cow or as somebody else in this endless reincarnation, if there is no resurrection in the future, if people are not physically, bodily, literally raised from the dead, then we have a huge problem. And it's this: if there is no resurrection, then Christ wasn't raised. Then Christ was not raised. If men and women do not rise, if human beings do not rise from the dead, physically, bodily, and literally coming back from the grave in physical form, as well as eternal life, if there is not a resurrection, then Christ did not rise...
This, again, is an affirmation of His humanity. If men don't rise, Christ doesn't rise, which affirms that He is fully human, as well as fully divine. And if Christ does not rise, we have the end of everything. Lemme show you how that flows. Back to verse 13. "If there is no resurrection of the dead, not even Christ has been raised." Implication number one, verse 14, "And if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is vain."
First of all, Gospel preaching is useless. Gospel preaching is useless. And what is Gospel preaching? Well, Gospel means Good News. Preaching the Good News is useless. Well, what is the Good News? The Good News...let's go back to chapter 15 verse 1. Let's pick it up. "I make known to you, brethren, the Gospel, the Good News. It's the Good News which I preach to you, which you received, in which you stand, by which you are saved from sin and death and hell. It's that Good News that you hold fast to, which I preach to you. And here it is. That Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures. That He was buried, and He was raised on the third day, according to the Scriptures." The Good News is Christ died for our sins, and the satisfaction for our sins was made in full, and God was pleased, and, therefore, God raised Him from the dead to show that He had sufficiently provided the atonement for sin. That's the Good News.
He is alive, and the evidence for that reality: "He appeared to Cephas, or Peter. Then He appeared to the twelve. Then He appeared to more than five hundred brethren at one time. Then He appeared to James, then to all the apostles. And last of all, as it were, to one untimely born." Another apostle who came later, namely Paul. "He appeared to me, also."
And then verse 11, "Whether then it was I or they, so we preach and so you believed." And if Jesus did not come back from the grave, then this preaching is useless. The whole Gospel is subverted. If Jesus did not rise, then our message is pointless. Silence all the preachers. Shut down all the churches. End all Gospel proclamation, 'cause it's all pointless. Jesus said, "Destroy this body, this temple, and in three days, I'll raise it up." Jesus said, "I...I'm gonna suffer and die and rise again." He said it on numbers of occasions. The apostles heard Him. They saw Him dead. They knew He was buried. They went to the tomb. He wasn't there. He appeared to them that evening. He appeared again a week later. He appeared to them and spent time with them in Galilee. He ate with them, walked with them, talked with them, taught them. They heard Him. They touched Him.
And so they preached that Jesus died, was buried, and rose again. It is what the Scripture said, and it is what happened. But if He didn't rise, then there is no Good News. Then God did not validate His atoning work. Then He did not provide a satisfaction for sin. There is no Good News. The news is bad.
"He was declared to be the Son of God...Romans 1:4 says...by the resurrection from the dead." He Himself, in Revelation chapter 1 says, "I am the living One who was dead and am alive forevermore." In Romans 14:9, it says, "He died and rose that He might be the Lord of the living and the dead." That is to say that He had the power of life extended even over death. Of course. His Lordship was secured by the resurrection. His atonement was secured by the resurrection.
If He didn't rise, then we have no Good News. He's not Lord. He didn't provide a sufficient sacrifice for sin. All Gospel preaching is a sham. We are the worst charlatans. We're no different than all the rest of the false teachers in the world. If He didn't conquer death, then He didn't conquer sin, and He didn't conquer hell, and the angels who said, "Behold, I bring you Good News of great joy, which shall be to all people," lied. There is no Good News. The news is all bad. Another good man failed. Another good man died.
So if there's no resurrection, then Christ didn't rise. And if Christ didn't rise, then all Gospel preaching is useless. Secondly, back to verse 14, "Your faith also is vain or useless or void. Your faith is empty." Go down to verse 17, "If Christ has not been raised, your faith is worthless. You are trusting in a lie. You have put your trust in a delusion, in an empty, vain hope. You have reached out to grasp nothing." This is an inevitable consequence. Because the apostles preached a risen Lord. They preached a living Savior. And they said that, to be saved, you must confess Jesus as Lord, and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the dead.
The Gospel is the Gospel of believing in a risen Christ. But if Christ did not rise, then you're believing is pointless, empty, useless, worthless. And you could say what it says in Psalm 73:13. "Truly I have cleansed my heart for nothing." All this repentance and all this faith is absolutely meaningless. Or you could feel like Isaiah, who said in Isaiah 49:4, "I have labored in vain. I have spent my strength for nothing. It's all a waste." In fact, not only is your faith in vain, but the faith of every person who's ever lived and trusted in God. Even the people before Christ who were trusting in God to provide a sacrifice yet in the future. Who were looking ahead to a...a real sacrifice that would finally take away sin depicted and pictured in the sacrificial system of the Old Testament. All who ever believed God, that He would provide a sufficient atonement, all who ever believed God to provide a lamb, to provide a sacrifice, as He did in the case of Abraham. All of them were fools also.
Abel was a fool to believe God. Enoch was a fool to believe God. Noah was a fool to, a real fool, to spend 120 years building a boat. All he did was get saved from a watery death, not from eternal judgment. If Christ is not raised, they're all fools. Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, you name it. Moses, David, all the prophets, Gideon, Sampson, the judges, Barak, Jephthah, Samuel, Elijah, Elisha, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, and on we go. And you can go to the 11th chapter of the book of Hebrews. You can read all the heroes of faith yourself. All those who stopped the mouths of lions, all those who were slain by the sword, or those who were sawn in half for their faith. That great, heroic chapter of the faithful. Those who died as martyrs for the faith. They lived by faith. It goes through that chapter by faith, by faith, by faith, by faith, by faith, by faith. They all, because they believed in God, because they believed in God, and they trusted God to provide a sacrifice for their sins, they gave their lives.
But if Christ has not been raised, then He was not a sufficient sacrifice, and all their faith is absolutely useless. Absolutely useless. They are heroes of folly. They are a fool's parade. You see, you can't just tamper with the resurrection. If you tamper with the resurrection, you start to see the crumbling of everything.
Lemme take to a third point that the apostle makes in this inverted look at the resurrection. First of all, if Christ has not been raised, verse 14, our preaching is useless. Secondly, your faith is useless. Then look at verse 15. "Moreover, in addition, following the flow, we are even found to be false witnesses of God, because we witnessed concerning God about God that He raised Christ, whom He did not raise, if in fact the dead are not raised."
So here's the third conclusion. The Gospel is useless. Faith is empty. And the apostles are liars. False witnesses. "We, all of us who have affirmed this, have been found false witnesses." The word found is taken out of the legal vocabulary. "We've been drawn into court. We've given testimony, and we have been found out to have perjured ourselves. We have lied. We said we saw the risen Christ. We didn't see Him." If the preaching is a lie, then the preachers are liars. Is that not true? You can't really come up with any sort of patronizing stuff about, "Well, they were well-intentioned, honest guys. You know, they wanted Jesus to come out of the grave so strongly that they actually sort of materialized Him in their imagination, and it was so vivid that it seemed as if it was real." They just were well-intentioned, really sincere people. Paul understand that's bunk.
If you say you've seen a risen Christ, then you haven't seen Him. You're a liar. They're false witnesses. They are saying something that is not true. Now this has immense implications, folks. Because the apostles...the apostles and those associated with apostles, who were the preachers of the resurrection, if they are liars, they are also the writers of the New Testament. So now the New Testament is written by liars. I don't feel real comfortable about that idea.
If I can't believe them about the resurrection, which is the key to everything, why would I believe them about anything else? And now, all of a sudden, now all is lost. And not only that, they say that the Old Testament Scriptures prophesied the resurrection, verse 4, "He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures." Where is that in the Old Testament? Psalm 16. "God would not allow His holy One to see corruption, but would show Him the path of life. He go right through the grave and out the other side." And if Jesus didn't rise from the dead, then not only are the writers of the New Testament liars, but the writers of the Old Testament are liars.
And now we have some profound implications. The whole of the Bible is starting to disintegrate before our very eyes. We have an untrustworthy book. And we could conclude then that, since God cannot lie, if the Bible is written by liars, it is not the book of God at all. See, you just can't pull out the resurrection. Everything collapses.
Paul says, "Admittedly, if the dead don't rise, Christ didn't rise. If the Christ didn't rise, our preaching is useless. Your faith is useless, and we are found to have perjured ourselves. We are liars." This whole thing is a unit, the resurrection, the resurrection of Christ, the preaching of the apostles, the faith of the people who believe, and the testimony of the apostles, that all forms a unit. It either stands or falls together. You can't just say, "Well, they were good-intentioned, spiritual men who had a lot of spiritual insight. We oughta follow their ethical standards." That's what the liberals all say. "Well, you know, we don't believe the Bible's really the Word of God. We...we don't know that Jesus really rose from the dead. But these are good, spiritual men who show us a certain way to live an ethical life." No, they're not. They're absolute, outright liars. They said they saw a risen Christ, and they didn't see Him, and they're telling you a lie.
Furthermore, the Old Testament said He would rise, and, therefore, it's written by liars. Here's one. Jesus said He would rise, therefore, He's a liar. Everything comes down. Everything. Jesus said He would come out of the grave. If He didn't, He lied. They said they saw Him. If they didn't, they lied. They wrote down their testimony that He had appeared to Peter and to the twelve and to five hundred brethren, and then to James, and then to the apostles, and then to Paul. And they're all liars. It's one massive collection of fabricators. The whole thing is a big hoax. And everything from the beginning to the end of the Bible is untrustworthy.
You see, that's what John was saying when he said, "If we believe not, we make Him a liar." As soon as you impose upon anything in the Bible, your unbelief, you've just turned God into a liar. Understand the seriousness of that? To deny resurrection is to deny the authenticity and the integrity and the authority of the Bible. And to impugn God. So if you're gonna tamper with the resurrection, everything comes crashing down. Paul anchors that point in verse 16 by repeating, essentially, what he said in verse 13. "For if the dead are not raised, then not even Christ has been raised." You have to understand, you can't deny bodily, physical resurrection without, therefore, denying Christ. And once you've denied Christ, everything comes down.
There are more disastrous results. I want you to look at verse 17. "And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is worthless; you are still in your sins." It's not just that you've been believing the wrong thing. Too bad. You kinda set your course in the wrong direction. As one person said to me, "I spent my whole life climbing a ladder, only to find out at the end it was leaning against the wrong building." It's not just that. It's not just, "Oops, too bad. I wish I could do that again." It's you are still in your sins. You are still in your sins. Engulfed in, plunged in, captive to, incarcerated within the sphere, the deadly sphere where sin rules and sin dominates. You're surrounded by your sins, which accuse you before God like so many wolves about to tear you to shreds.
You see, you need a Savior. You need a sacrifice. You need somebody to pay your penalty. You need somebody to be your substitute, to die in your place. And there's only One who can. And if He didn't succeed, there isn't anywhere else to go. There is neither any salvation in any other name than the name of Jesus. There's only one mediator between God and man. Christ and Christ alone, and if He went to the cross and did not rise, then that means God did not authenticate His satisfaction. God did not affirm His atonement. God did not commend His work. God was not satisfied. If there's no resurrection, then there's no satisfaction. God's still holding the sinners guilty. There is no forgiveness. There is no penalty paid. No reconciliation. No justification. No salvation, and no eternal life, and you are still in your sins.
If Christ is still dead, then every person who has been believing in God and in God's provision in Christ is still dead. And Moses is in hell, and David's in hell, and all those people we mentioned are in hell. Abel and Enoch and Noah and all the righteous of the past are in hell. All the prophets are in hell, and almost unthinkable to say it, but Peter, James, and John are in hell, and Paul's in hell, and Philip's in hell, and they're all in hell. Luther's in hell, and Calvin's there, and Spurgeon's there, and your parents and grandparents who brought you up to believe in Christ, they're in hell, too, because they were part of the same big delusion. If there is no resurrection, all those who put their trust in Christ...are without an appropriate redemption.
Only when He conquers death, only when He comes out of the grave, can He be to us wisdom and sanctification and righteousness and redemption. It is only when we are united in His death, burial, and resurrection...as Romans 6 puts it...only when we are buried with Him and rise to walk in newness of life, is sin conquered." If Christ does not rise, Satan wins, sin wins, and hell takes everybody.
And that leads to one more really staggering fact, and it is this. Look at verse 18. "Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished." That's what I was just saying. They're all in hell. They...they made the worst possible mistake. They trusted in a Savior who couldn't save them, and they're all in hell. Just an absolutely unthinkable reality. They're all gone, perished forever under the fury and the wrath of God.
You see, if you start tampering with resurrection, Christ doesn't rise. If Christ doesn't rise, Gospel preaching is useless, faith is empty, apostles are liars, sin is unforgiven, and all those who have died, trusting that God would provide a sacrifice, or on this side of the cross, knowing that He had provided One in Christ, all those are perishing forever in eternal damnation. Satan wins, God loses.
And that leads the Apostle Paul down to what is the climactic point in verse 19. This is a verse with which many are familiar. Verse 19, he sums it up, the implications. "If we have hoped in Christ in this life only, we are of all men most to be pitied. If we have hoped in Christ in this life only." If this is it, folks, if we have put all our eggs in this one Easter basket, if we have put all our hope in Christ, and it's only gonna work in this life, it's only for this life, of all the people in the world, we are the most pitiful. That is...that is pitiful. We should be pitied above everybody. We put all our hope in Christ, thinking that it secured our eternal future when, in fact, it's only for this life, that's all.
So when we were repenting of our sin and going through the heart wrenching conviction of the Holy Spirit and feeling guilty and feeling hammered and beaten by our own iniquities, and we came crawling, as it were, to Calvary, and we put our faith in Jesus Christ, and we denied ourselves, and we took up our cross, and we followed Christ, and all these years, we've been battling temptation and fighting against sin and disciplining ourselves and reading the Bible and praying and fellowshipping and...and sitting under the teaching of the Word of God and endeavoring to live lives that...that honor the Lord, and we have made sacrifice after sacrifice. We've waged war against temptation. Struggled against sin. Sought to please Christ. Obeyed the Scripture. Borne the cross. Suffered reproach. Taken the Gospel. Been rejected by the Gospel. Made sacrifices for the sake of evangelism. We've done all this, and this life, we find out, this is it. That is pitiful.
I mean, look, if all I am as a Christian ends with this life, I don't know if I can carry this thing off...I live my Christian life under the promise that there's a life to come in which all the sacrifices, all the endeavors, all the disciplines, all the work that Christ has done in my life, all the effort that's been made is gonna reap an eternal reward, right? If that's not there, I...I don't know if I can do this.
I could understand the man who said, "Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we"...What?...Hey, if it's over tomorrow, you gotta reevaluate whether you wanna do it this way, right? Certainly, you don't wanna sit very much longer and hear any more boring sermons about a future that isn't gonna exist. You don't wanna make anymore unnecessary sacrifices. You want your money back from the mission field. From the church plate. You've been a fool. You've played the fool from start to finish.
If Christ didn't rise, then this Christian life is only for here. It's all been pointless. If you think that's a stretch, just think of this. Every other religion in the world is living out that very reality. Every other one, 'cause they all believe a lie. But we would be, of all people, most to be pitied, because we think someone has atoned for our sins when He hasn't if He didn't rise.
Jesus said in John 8:21 to the Jewish leaders, "You'll die in your sins. You'll die in your sins." That would be true of us. We are a miserable group. That takes me to verse 20, but...we always welcome the but in the flow, huh? "But now Christ has been raised from the dead. He has been raised from the dead." The Old Testament said it, and it's trustworthy. The New Testament said it, and it's trustworthy. Jesus promised it, and He can be believed. The apostles preached it, and they told the truth. The empty tomb proves it. The grave clothes lying there, not thrown into a corner by somebody who unwrapped His body, but lying exactly where they were when the body was in them. He just went through them without moving them. The angels, the stone rolled away, the Jewish leaders trying to cover up. The disciples who were scattered and fearful and panicked, all of a sudden transformed into world changers. The existence of the church, all of our transformed lives, all speak of a risen living Christ.
So Paul says in verse 20, "But now Christ has been raised from the dead. And He is but the first fruits. The primary one for all those who are asleep." In other words, He guarantees our resurrection. He did pay the penalty for sin. God was satisfied. God did raise Him from the dead. Because He lives, we shall live also who put our trust in Him. That's why in Act 5, He is called a Prince and a Savior. A Prince and a Savior. It's interesting, the word prince. Archegas. A number of ways to interpret that word. Forerunner, frontrunner.
In the seafaring world of Biblical times, ships had one of their sailors, who was designated as the archegas. He had to be a very strong swimmer, because he had a very formidable task should the ship have run aground somewhere, on a reef or on rocks, offshore. As ships would then be battered and breaking up such as the occasion in Acts 27 where Paul and 276 people were in that circumstance. There needed to be somebody who could save everybody. And this is the way it was done. The strongest swimmer would have a rope attached to his waist. And he would dive into the troubled, churning waters, and swim with all his might to shore. If he could make it to shore, he could then pull a larger rope and anchor it. Tie it to a tree or to a rock. And once that line was tied to the shore, all the people could come down the rope to safety.
And Acts 5 says that Jesus is our archegas. He dove into the depths of the waters of death. If He had drowned, we'd have no way to shore. But He didn't. He made it through the dark waters of death, and He anchored the line in Heaven. He anchored it around the throne of God. Hebrews says that. We have an anchor there, and we all make it safely to the heavenly haven on the rope that Jesus secured for us...while the world is being broken to bits underneath us.
There is no Christianity without the resurrection. There is no Bible without the resurrection. There is no hope without the resurrection. I wanna show you one other passage as we conclude, Acts 17. This was a day in Paul's life when he was preaching in Athens. I have preached on the very spot where he preached that day several times. And he was preaching about what the apostles always preached about. The resurrection. And verse 32 of Acts 17 says, "Now when they heard of the resurrection of the dead...this was the message...When they heard of the resurrection of the dead, some began to sneer. Others said, 'We shall hear you again concerning this.' So Paul went out of their midst. But some men joined him and believed, among whom also was Dionysius the Areopagite and a woman named Damaris and others with them."
Just this in conclusion, those are the only possible three responses. You either mock, postpone, or believe. You either sneer at the resurrection, or you delay your response, and that always reminds me of that old poem by Edgar Guest, which I remember from years ago. Goes like this. "He was going to be all that a mortal should be, tomorrow. No one should kinder or braver than he, tomorrow. Each morning he stacked up the letters he'd write, tomorrow. The greatest of workers this man would have been, tomorrow. The world would've known him had he ever seen tomorrow. But the fact is he died, and he faded from view, and all that he left here when living was through was a mountain of things he intended to do, tomorrow."
Or you could believe in the glory of the resurrection. And if you confessed Jesus as Lord and believed that God raised Him from the dead, you shall be saved from sin and death and hell.
Going to close in a word of prayer followed by time of silence in which you can search your own heart as to your relationship to the risen Christ. Father, we thank You for Your Word. We thank You even for this inside out, backwards approach, which shows us how important the resurrection is by telling us what would happen if it is denied. We affirm it. Now Christ has been raised from the dead, and He lives. And because He lives, our hope is secure. The Gospel is true. Our faith is purposeful. The apostles tell the truth. Those who have died in hope of salvation through Christ are in Heaven, and we are, of all people, most to be envied, because we have eternal life. I pray, Lord, today that any who do not have that life would open their hearts, confess Jesus as Lord. Give them the faith to believe in His resurrection, as the satisfaction that He had indeed paid in full the penalty for their sins. May we rejoice in the life that is granted us by grace through the risen Christ. We pray in His name.
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Anti-Cancer Benefits of Shark Liver OilAugust 2005
By Dale Kiefer
With their toothsome maws and machine-like killing efficiency, the primitive creatures known as sharks have long inspired fear and commanded respect. But does this ancient family of boneless fish harbor a secret weapon against some of the most dreaded cancers afflicting humans?
Centuries ago, Scandinavian practitioners of folk medicine adopted the habit of consuming shark liver oil as a general health tonic. In recent decades, scientists have observed that tumors are remarkably rare in sharks, and that these predatory fish are notoriously resistant to infections.1 This amazing imperviousness to disease doubtless inspired the folk remedy.
Admittedly, fighting disease with shark oil sounds far-fetched. The very notion evokes unsavory images of cure-all tonics and unscrupulous charlatans from centuries past. But in 1952, Dr. Astrid Brohult stumbled upon remarkable proof that shark oil actually works. The fascinating story of her discovery, related by some of her colleagues in the book Shark Liver Oil: Nature's Amazing Healer,2 provides a glimpse at the happy serendipity that occasionally results when science and intuition mix.
A Hunch Pays Off
Dr. Brohult was a young Swedish oncologist working with leukemia patients in a children's hospital. Leukemia is a potentially deadly cancer that affects white blood cells, or leukocytes, which are the immune system's front-line defensive players, manufactured in the bone marrow. When leukemia strikes, leukocyte production runs amok.
To stop the disease, patients are exposed to enough radiation to kill the cells in the bone marrow that give rise to both red and white blood cells. This drastic treatment is usually effective, but occasionally may be worse than the disease itself. With fewer red blood cells to carry oxygen and remove wastes, and few leukocytes left to fight infection and marshal other defenses, patients are rendered weak, deathly ill, and prone to infection.
In an effort to stimulate her patients' bone marrow to resume normal function, Dr. Brohult administered calve's marrow to the children in her care. She was operating on little more than a hunch. Parents in Scandinavia have long served bone marrow soup to their children in winter, in the belief that it builds strength. Dr. Brohult reasoned that healthy bone marrow from calves might trigger a resumption of healthy function in humans.
Her hope—and desperation—paid off. Although the results were inconsistent, some of her patients quickly experienced remarkable improvements, including a normalization of white blood cell counts and a striking return of energy.2,3 While exhilarated, Dr. Brohult immediately faced the problem of isolating the active component in the marrow in order to devise a more palatable source of the wondrous substance.
Getting to the Source
It took another decade before a team led by Dr. Brohult's husband, a research biochemist, isolated the active ingredient in calve's marrow that normalizes white blood cell production. The chemical was actually a group of compounds, now known as alkylglycerols, or AKGs. Chemically speaking, AKGs are glyceryl ether lipids. Principal alkylglycerols are chimyl, batyl, and selachyl alcohols.1 Ironically, two Japanese scientists, who evidently did not appreciate the importance of their discovery, had discovered AKGs in deep-water sharks as early as 1922.
AKGs occur naturally in various mammalian tissues, including most organs responsible for producing blood cells, such as the bone marrow and spleen. Interestingly enough, AKGs are also found in human breast milk, and are now thought to contribute significantly to an infant's immunity, especially while the immature immune system is at its most vulnerable. In fact, human breast milk contains up to 10 times more AKGs than does cow's milk.4
Coming full circle, Dr. Brohult's team eventually determined that none other than the Greenland shark—found off the shores of their native Sweden—is a perfect source of concentrated AKGs. We now know that AKGs occur naturally in the human body, albeit in far smaller amounts than are found in shark liver. The reason for sharks' abundant supply has to do with an ancient evolutionary adaptation to a literally crushing problem: how to maintain buoyancy at extreme depths of 5,000 feet or more.
Primitive sharks evolved an ingenious ballast system: a specialized liver that allows them to maintain neutral buoyancy at a range of crushing depths. Sharks' livers are unusually large, bulging with a carefully orchestrated mixture of complex lipids. Known collectively as shark liver oil, this cocktail of compounds allows the shark to rise and fall throughout the depths with relative ease.
A Potent Antioxidant
Dr. Brohult and other scientists continued to study AKGs and quickly discovered that they inhibit cancer proliferation1 and prevent radiation sickness.5 The latter finding is especially significant. Radiation slices through cells like hot knives through butter, damaging the cells at the molecular level and generating free radicals that propagate destruction in a kind of chain reaction. Most antioxidants do a good job of neutralizing free radicals in the bloodstream and within the tissues, but few are capable of penetrating the cell membrane to enter individual cells. AKGs appear to act within individual cells, as suggested by clinical studies of patients receiving AKGs in combination with ionizing radiation.5-8
The ability of AKGs to protect people against the harmful effects of ionizing radiation was discovered more or less by accident. At about the time Dr. Brohult first began experimenting with AKGs on the children's cancer ward, a nurse in Stockholm was accidentally exposed to radium, receiving a dangerously high dose of radiation. Her white blood cell count plummeted to unhealthy levels, and for more than a year she struggled with numerous infections. After receiving supplemental AKGs, her white blood cell count returned to normal and remained stable thereafter.9
In subsequent research, doctors found that administering shark liver oil orally before, during, and after radiation treatment for cervical cancer reduced the incidence of radiation-induced injuries by about 50% compared to control patients who received radiation alone.5,6,8 While such injuries are an often-unavoidable consequence of aggressive radiation treatment, most do not affect survival. So-called complex injuries due to the combination of tumor growth and radiation, however, are another story. Mortality for these patients ranges from 90% to 100% at five years, depending on tumor stage. Compared to control patients, the incidence of these complex injuries in patients supplementing with shark liver oil was significantly reduced, by about one third.5,6,8
Powerful Anti-Tumor Effects
Dr. Brohult's team was surprised to discover that when AKGs were given to cervical cancer patients, tumors regressed even before radiation treatment began, a finding that was soon replicated by others.10,11 More recently, scientists have determined that AKGs probably accomplish this feat by directly interfering with cancer cell sig-naling, which is crucial to tumor growth and metastasis.12-14
In a 1986 Swedish study, re-searchers divided women with cancer of the uterine cervix into two groups. One group of 284 women received shark liver oil before, during, and up to six months after high-voltage radiation treatment. A second group of 525 women with the same disease-stage profile received only radiation treatment.15
One-year survival among patients in the AKG group was 88%, versus 82% among radiation-only patients. While this difference is small, survival rates at the five-year milestone were dramatically higher among AKG patients. Sixty-five percent of women who had taken shark liver oil were still alive after five years, versus just 51% of women in the control group. Researchers concluded that treatment with AKG-rich shark liver oil reduced mortality significantly compared to control patients, an effect especially pronounced among patients younger than 60.15
While the mechanism by which AKGs reduce radiation side effects is not exactly clear, they appear to penetrate cell membranes and mop up free radicals.2 AKGs also amplify platelet-activating factor synthesis, which might help reduce radiation-induced bleeding by promoting platelet aggregation.2,16 But their benefits do not end there. Recent research indicates that AKGs inhibit activation of protein kinase C, which is essential for the runaway cell proliferation that is a hallmark of cancer.17,18 AKGs also directly boost the immune system by stimulating production of white blood cells called neutrophils and by activating macrophages.1,19 Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that plays a pivotal role in protecting against bacterial and fungal invaders. Thus, AKGs may help boost the immune system and help fight infections.2
Laboratory research on several types of colon cancer cells indicates that AKGs inhibit tumor growth and render existing cancer cells less likely to invade new tissue.20 In 2003, Swedish researchers published a report detailing the effects of shark liver oil on five types of human tumor cells, including ovarian, breast, and prostate cancer cells. They concluded that a commercially available form of shark liver oil from Norway, containing a standardized concentration of AKGs and their methoxy derivates, prompted all types of cancer cells to commit cellular suicide or to be halted in their tracks, thus dying without reproducing. As noted in their report, "the prostate cells . . . showed a dramatic reduction in the colony number even after relatively small doses . . ."1
The vascular networks supplying vital nutrients that help fuel tumor growth have long been a target of anti-cancer research. Shark oil has been reported to starve tumors by interfering with the development of this blood supply. Recently, researchers reported that this effect is likely mediated by the presence of AKGs in shark liver oil.21,22
Squalene Also Counters Cancer
Squalene is another major component of shark liver oil. Common in nature, squalene is a hydrocarbon that makes up a significant portion of the oily secretions that preserve the integrity of our outer layers of skin. It is also found in olive oil, and is believed to be responsible for some of the benefits of the Mediterranean diet, which, according to epidemiological studies, include a significantly lower incidence of cancer and heart disease.23,24
In Greece, for instance, women with a high olive oil intake have a breast cancer rate that is only one third that of American women. It is estimated that some individuals may consume up to 400 mg of squalene per day in countries where olives and olive oil play an indispensable role in the diet.24,25 Laboratory research on animals and human cancer cells confirms squalene's cancer-fighting effects.26-31


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Parties vie for Asian-American vote
FAIRFAX, Va. — Four years ago, Barack Obama captured 62 percent of the Asian-American vote. But in the 2012 cycle, Mitt Romney's campaign may have found the formula to chip away at that margin, and in swing states with booming Asian populations like Virginia, Nevada and Florida, that could make all the difference.
Though a majority of Asian-Americans are expected to back Obama again this year, the Romney campaign has made aggressive efforts to reach out to Asian business owners, who they say might warm to Romney's jobs-focused message.
Story Continued Below
( Also on POLITICO: Romney eyes gains among Jewish voters)
Romney himself has met privately with Asian-American small business owners here in Northern Virginia, as has Lanhee Chen, the campaign's chief policy adviser. And aides say the campaign will soon roll out a coalition that will include "high ranking" Asian-American surrogates to "provide the face and voice of our efforts."
"We're not ceding one inch of ground to the Obama campaign," one Romney aide said when asked about their outreach to Asian-American voters. "We're reaching out to every community and every group."
The Obama campaign, meanwhile, says they don't plan to take the Asian-American vote for granted, particularly in the most fiercely contested states this election cycle. One focal point of their outreach has been a broad-based appeal rooted in the narrative about Obama's heritage and childhood spent in Hawaii and Indonesia.
"I remember thinking [on Inauguration Day] about how Barack's story is our story," Rep. Mike Honda (D-Calif) said at a recent town hall here in Virginia focused on the Asian-American vote. "The Asian American and Pacific Islander community helped make our president the man — the leader — that he is today."
The campaigns' disparate strategies for courting Asian-American voters collided last week here in the hotly contested state of Virginia — where in 2008 Obama was the first Democrat to win since 1964 — and where the Asian-American population has skyrocketed, just one factor changing the racial dynamics that make up the state's political landscape.
Virginia's Asian-American population boomed in the past decade, growing 68 percent in the past three years. Much of that increase was focused in rapidly growing Northern Virginia. In 2000, Asians and Pacific Islanders made up 6.6 percent of the population of the Virginia counties closest to Washington. A decade later, the 2010 census showed that number had roughly doubled, to 13.6 percent.
The Romney and Obama campaigns converged on Fairfax County — where 17.5 percent of residents are Asian — last weekend for an Asian Festival held at George Mason University.
It was hard to miss the Romney campaign's presence, stocked with supplies and campaign literature and with a bold "Virginia for Romney" sign. Volunteers, like Audrey Lee, of Arlington, Va., passed out bumper stickers with the message: "I Stand with Romney" in Vietnamese, Korean and Chinese languages.
( Also on POLITICO: New GDP numbers add to old worries for Obama)
"Mitt Romney is one of the most reachable candidates that I've ever had the honor of knowing," Lee told POLITICO last Saturday afternoon as she stood outside the campaign's tent. "I never was involved in politics before, but Romney has been very proactive in reaching out to the Asian community in particular. We base our whole lives on relationships, building relationships and trust. Therefore, when a candidate does reach out and is proactive to our community, we also feel the trust and it builds both ways."
Other volunteers for the Romney campaign — some who were barely old enough to vote themselves — were deputized to collect contact information from would-be supporters.


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The life of Christina Aguilera has been taking a downward spiral since last year, when she and her then husband Jason Bratman decided to end their marriage. It seems that her life hasn't improved as she and her boyfriend, Matthew Rutler got arrested on early Tuesday, March 1, 2011. The news that Christina Aguilera and boyfriend got arrested caught everyone by surprise especially due to the reason of the arrest. Apparently the couple was booked over drinking. Rutler was spotted drinking and then getting behind the wheel with his gal, Christin... Read More


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Muse, the CMA's bi-monthly, bilingual magazine, provides in-depth coverage of current issues, practical solutions to the challenges facing museums today, information on current projects, and industry best-practices. Each issue also includes book reviews, Canadian and international news, people news, opinion pieces, and current events.
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Is this possible?
It seems that I have more options to set permissions in Windows than Linux.
Let's say I want to give a user full access to a top-level directory but limit their access to certain subdirectories.
Going one step further, how would I do this for multiple users?


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Cassidy rode the radio air waves from 1950 to 1952. His
popularity grew and grew, every time his show was heard.
These radio shows, together with his movies and
television shows helped make him one of the all-time most
popular heroes of western fiction and cinema. His
popularity continues to grow each year, as generations
new and old delight in the classic tales of this American
Here you will find a radio log based on a list of Hopalong Cassidy radio shows.
|This radio log gives away
solutions in its descriptions of plots. Each show is
numbered and also provides a date which is taken to
indicate the day the program was taped. It's likely dates
for Shows 7 and 29 are off by a year.
To view a show description, click on a Title below.
|A Jailer Named Satan (1950)
A Shot In The Dark (1950)
An Old Spanish Custom (1949)
Apaches Don't Need Guns (1950)
Bad Medicine At Rimrock (1950)
Bandit of Blackton Bend (1950)
Bandits of Ridge Creek (1948)
Bayou Drums Mean Death (1950)
Black Grass Fever (1950)
Blood Money (1949)
Border of Nowhere (1948)
Boss of Vinegar Bend (1950)
Buckshot Badman (1950)
Bullets for Ballots (1948)
Bullfight (1951)
California or Bust (1951)
Case of The Last Word (1950)
Cleanup of Caribou Mesa (1951)
Coltsville Territory (1948)
Coming Attraction Murder (1950)
Cowtown Troubleshooters (1951)
Coyote's Creed (1948)
Danger Wears Two Faces (1951)
Dead Man's Hand (1948)
Dead or Alive (1949)
Death Comes Invited (1951)
Death Crosses the River (1950)
Death Paints A Picture (1948)
Death Runs Dry (1949)
Devil and El Diablo (1951)
Empty Saddle (1948)
Flying Outlaw (1948)
Four to Go (1949)
Gambler's Luck (1951)
Green Valley Payoff (1948)
|Gunfighter in Short Pants (1950)
Gunhawk Convention (1950)
Gunsmoke Rides The Stagecoach Trail (1949)
Hook, Line & Murder (1950)
Hoppy and the Iron Horse (1949)
Hoppy and the Schoolmarm (1949)
Hoppy Elects A Sheriff (1950)
Hoppy Meets His Match (1950)
Hoppy Plays A Hunch (1950)
Hoppy Sees Red (1949)
Hoppy Settles A Debt (1949)
Hoppy Takes A Chance (1948)
Hoppy Takes The Bull By The Horns (1949)
Hoppy Turns On The Heat (1949)
Junior Badman (1951)
Kidnapper's Trail (1950)
Killers of Lion Canyon (1951)
Killers of Sandy Gulch (1948)
Land of the Gunhawks (1950)
Lawyer of Laredo (1951)
Letter From The Grave (1948)
Man In The Yellow Mask (1950)
Man Who Made Willy Whirl (1948)
Melody of Murder (1949)
Memory of Mace Melot (1951)
Murder on the Trail (1948)
Mystery at the Diamond Z (1949)
Mystery at Three Oaks (1949)
Mystery of Skull Valley (1948)
Peril at Pier 19 (1950)
Phantom Bandido (1948)
Plague of Parson's Folly (1949)
Rainmaker of Eagle Nest Mountain (1948)
Range War (1948)
Red Death (1948)
|Red Rock Mesa (1948)
Renegades of San Rafael (1948)
Right Rope - Wrong Neck (1951)
Run, Sheep, Run (1950)
Santa Claus Rustlers (1950)
Secret in the Hill (1951)
Secret of Martin Dune (1949)
Six Little Men Who Were Green (1950)
Songbird of Santa Fe (1950)
Spider Woman (1951)
Stagecoach West (1950)
Stampede at Semple Crossing (1951)
Sundown Kid (1949)
Ten Strike Gold (1948)
The Cold Country (1950)
The Devil's Drum (1950)
The Disappearing Deputy (1949)
The Failure (1948)
The Frightened Town (1950)
The Golden Lure (1949)
The Killer in Black (1950)
The King of Cinnabar (1949)
The King of Spades (1949)
The Medicine Man (1948)
The Phantom Panther (1950)
The Red Terror (1949)
The Shell Game (1949)
The Unwilling Outlaw (1950)
The Wastrels of Juarez (1951)
The Whistling Ghost (1949)
Tinker's Dam (1949)
Voice of the Dead (1948)
Wet Beef & Dry Bones (1950)
Women of Windy Ridge (1951)
|IN BRIEF: On their way back to the Bar-20 from the high plains, Hoppy and California come upon two Conestoga wagons driven by feisty Mrs. Oates and her daughter Judy. They're heading for ranch land her late husband paid banker Caldwell Scaggs, the Boss of Vinegar Bend, $11,000 cash plus $5,000 mortgage for. Hoppy says it's no good, it's in the Badlands, and they've been swindled. Hoppy talks with Scaggs, who scoffs at returning the money. Hoppy recognizes his assistant, Nick Toler, as a hired killer. Hoppy hatches a plot. He and California round up enough maverick cattle to sell to pay off the mortgage. But someone fires shots and drives them over a cliff. Hoppy then decides to use Scaggs' greed against him. He has California salt a canyon wall, then pretend gold has been found. Scaggs falls for it, and trades his bank to the widow for the ranch. Hoppy then shows up the killer. Mrs. Oates, he declares, is the new Boss of Vinegar Bend. [Perdham]
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20 Trading Post] [Events] [FAQ]
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Last modified: February 02, 2010


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Boards & Commissions
Urban Design Committee Agenda
Urban Design Committee
Notice is hereby given that the Urban Design Committee will hold a meeting on Wednesday, July 10, 2013 at 3:00 p.m. in the County-City Building, 555 S. 10th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska, in Room 214 on the 2nd Floor. For more information, please contact the Lincoln City/Lancaster County Planning Department at 402-441-7491.
Wednesday, July 10, 2013
- Adoption of meeting records from the UDC meeting of June 12, 2013.
- Street art application, intersection of L St. and Lyncrest
- Bison Witches sidewalk/Civic Plaza cafe, 1320 P St. (Parks, Urban Development)
- Panda Express sidewalk cafe, 1317 Q Street
- Hiro 88 sidewalk cafe, 601 R Street, Suite 100 (Canopy St. opposite Railyard)
- Jimmy John's sidewalk cafe, 601 R Street, Suite 120 (R St. opposite Arena)
- Jack & Jane's sidewalk cafe, 300 Canopy St. (SW corner of Railyard, at Q Street)
- Staff report/miscellaneous: Request for joint meeting with Historic Preservation Commission July 18th, 1:30 p.m., to review Arena Drive Parking Deck enhancements, etc.


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Topic: Postfix not delivering to user mailboxes
==== Required information ====
- iRedMail version: 0.8.3
- Store mail accounts in which backend (LDAP/MySQL/PGSQL): MySQL
- Linux/BSD distribution name and version: Ubuntu LTS 12.04
- Related log if you're reporting an issue: ?
I was attempting to fix a different issue and tried to update to the latest versions (without reading the upgrade instructions, of course).
I have roundcube working and accessing the original database and I can send email out from a user account. iRedAdmin sees the domains and users.
Postfix however has all the incoming mail in queue and will not deliver to the user boxes. I am certain it something small but my eyes are starting to cross and I'm not seeing it.
Help appreciated.


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Found 2 results[ Author] Title Type Year
Filters: First Letter Of Last Name is V [Clear All Filters]
Using the NIH Toolbox in special populations: considerations for assessment of pediatric, geriatric, culturally diverse, non-English-speaking, and disabled individuals." Neurology. 2013;80(11 Suppl 3):S13-9."
Disparities in Needs and Inequities of Services and Programs for People with Multiple Sclerosis.. Poster Presentation at the American Public Health Association (APHA) Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA; 2012.


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DeKALB – Fire officials complimented the quick thinking of a DeKalb woman who awoke around 5:30 a.m. Monday to a fire in her spare bedroom.
The woman closed the bedroom door, which likely kept the blaze contained to that one room at 1707 Earl Court, DeKalb, fire investigator Drew Wells said. The woman escaped without assistance; firefighters rescued her cat.
No one was injured; the home sustained about $30,000 in damages, fire officials said. Smoke damage was present throughout the home.
Crews spent about 20 minutes getting the fire under control and about 90 more minutes cleaning up the scene and investigating, according to the news release. The fire was accidental, officials said.
All off-duty DeKalb firefighters were recalled to help with the scene and to help with other calls. Assisting DeKalb Fire were firefighters from Sycamore, Cortland and Malta.
DeKalb code enfrocement officials, DeKalb fire prevention officers and the DeKalb County Red Cross are helping the residents, the news release states.


text: The Laura is your new favorite go to for those cooler days while keeping you warm and in-style! Please specify which item you would like in the notes section upon checkout =] Imagine this with your favorite outfit! If the pictured item does not have a button, one can be added! You can also purchase additional buttons to further customize your newest favorite! Looking for something you don't see? Head on over to the custom collection to get your one of a kind piece now! Feel free to PM too. =] I strive to make each piece 100% unique with button and color combinations. If there are pieces that you would love multiples of, please message me. If you need specific measurements for your gift please message. Most are an average of 28 to 40 inches for cowls, and 40-60 for infinity and others. Each scarf is as unique and original as you are! Celebrate you!! Please follow on IG at @s.price15 for sales and behind the scenes. * I try to capture the scarf in the best light as possible, but depending on your screen colors may vary


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World's Largest Cruise Agency
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Language: Italian Currency: Euro (EUR)
Driving Directions and Parking Information
Port of Civitavecchia
The Port of Civitavecchia is located approximately 31 miles from Rome's International Airports. Travel time between the airport and the pier is approximately 50 minutes.
Taxi fare is approximately 160 EUR. Rates are subject to change.
From Fiumicino International Airport (also known as Leonardo Da Vinci Airport) – Take the Autostada E80/A 12 – Roma-Civitavecchia. Exit at Civitavecchia Sud. Follow the signs to the "Sardinia Ferries." Entrance personnel will provide further details. Once inside the port, signage throughout will direct guests to their assigned terminal.


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Orange County Rep. Loretta Sanchez's campaign for the U.S. Senate lobbed a new attack at front-runner Kamala Harris on Wednesday, this time criticizing the landmark $25-billion national settlement Harris helped wrestle from the nation's five largest mortgage firms.
The settlement is one of the California attorney general's biggest victories: A recent ad from Harris' campaign featured President Obama praising the settlement. Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) has too.
Sanchez, as she has done before, held a news conference outside a state building in downtown Los Angeles, joined by members of an activist group called Occupy Fights Foreclosures, a spinoff of the Occupy LA protest group.
Former Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa on Monday became the latest high-profile politician to endorse an initiative on next week's ballot that would legalize the recreational use of marijuana in California.
Villaraigosa is considering whether to run for governor in 2018 amid a field that already includes Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom, a leading proponent of Proposition 64.
"I took my time on this measure because I wanted to make sure it included protections for children and public safety," Villaraigosa said in a statement. "In evaluating the measure in its entirety, I am convinced there are enough safeguards to make it a workable proposition."
In a rare show of unanimity, every member of the California Senate signed a letter on Monday asking Congress to permanently waive any repayment of bonuses offered to the state's National Guard members for Iraq war reenlistment.
Most of the soldiers that accepted the money "acted on good faith, relying on bad information from recruiters and others in positions of authority," said the letter signed by all 39 sitting members of the state Senate.
The letter comes more than a week after a Los Angeles Times investigation into efforts to require nearly 10,000 of the state's National Guard soldiers to repay the money.
The Congressional Leadership Fund is pouring another $1.5 million into the race between Rep. Jeff Denham and Democrat farmer Michael Eggman.
The group, which is endorsed by House Republican leaders, and works with the American Action Network, has now spent $3.5 million in the race. The race was initially viewed as an easy win for Denham (R-Turlock), but has become increasingly uncertain in recent weeks.
The district is being closely watched as an indicator of how Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump might affect down-ballot candidates. Democrats have spent more than $6 million in the district.
The Rev. Al Sharpton and other civil rights leaders gathered at a rally Monday morning to support Proposition 61, the ballot measure that seeks to lower the price state agencies pay for prescription drugs.
Sharpton appeared alongside black community leaders, including Marc Morial, former New Orleans mayor and head of the National Urban League, and Kevin Sauls, pastor of a South L.A. church.
"This issue is very simple," Sharpton said to a crowd of about 40 supporters. "It's about the right of people to afford what they need, and they need to have accessibility that is affordable with prescription drugs."
U.S. Senate candidate Loretta Sanchez earned a total of $156,674 in 2015 and paid $36,306 in federal and state income taxes, according to the Orange County congresswoman's 2015 tax returns.
Sanchez declined to release the tax returns of her husband, attorney John "Jack" Einwechter, saying they filed separate returns and that she felt no obligation to disclose his tax information.
"He has no financial conflict," Sanchez said. "My husband is a lawyer. He has four or five clients. They have nothing to do with anything."
Voters casting a ballot for Proposition 53 on election day are, in effect, choosing more voting on more propositions in future elections.
The ballot measure, bankrolled by a wealthy Stockton agribusiness owner, seeks to force voter approval of a particular type of borrowing for large public works projects. Its most likely impact, in the near future, would be ballot measures on a landmark water project and on California's high-speed rail effort.
The proposition's backer, Dean Cortopassi, argues it's all about more transparency when it comes to government debt.
U.S. Senate candidate and California Atty. Gen. Kamala Harris launched a 10-day campaign bus tour in Santa Clarita on Sunday, holding a rally with down-ballot Democrats who hope she'll bring out the party faithful in the November election.
The rally, which was jam-packed inside the tiny, local Democrat Party headquarters, will be the first of many Harris will hold this week in congressional districts where Democrats threaten to nab seats from Republican incumbents.
Harris' rival in the race, Democratic Rep. Loretta Sanchez of Orange, was campaigning in the Inland Empire over the weekend, touting her record on water issues and taking a few swipes at Harris. Sanchez said she's the only candidate in the race talking about the issues and that all she's seen from Harris are "commercials on TV."


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Here you will be able to select the server for the game counter-strike: Global Offensive. This will help you search by country, igraemym cards, and the number of players on the server.
In our list servers CS: GO is guaranteed to only display production servers, eliminating the nonexistent or disconnected (offline).
We would also like to draw your attention to the fact that at the top of the list are marked with servers on promotion (marked as BOOST). These servers are usually the most visited.
Selecting your favorite server, you can open the page and add it to your Favorites on our site. So you no longer have to search for your favorite servers. Now a list of favorite servers CS th will be visible on your profile page on our website.
On the server page, you can leave a comment in the personal chat server, as well as share a server with friends via social networking button.
To join a game via Steam enough on the page in our monitoring server, click on the "connect" link.


text:
Dylan's Candy Bar Silver Personalized Stack-a-Round
Why You Want This
Stack 'em short, stack 'em tall, fill 'em with whatever flavor or color you want! Build a custom Dylan's Candy Bar stack-a-round gift set anyway you like. Choose from any of our 10 signature colors, and fill each one with up to 2 sweets to mix and match in our signature Dylan's Candy Bar Stack A-Rounds container and then follow the easy-to-use editor feature to customize a label with anything you want. Color your world today!
Start your design and pick your own custom candy mix now by Clicking Here to visit our exclusive new Design Shoppe!
PLEASE NOTE: There is a 7-10 business day lead time for ALL Design Shoppe custom orders. While we strive to deliver your custom order faster, we cannot guarantee it. Expedited processing may be available, but you must contact us once your order is placed to inquire about faster processing.
Shipping Info
This item typically ships within 1-2 business days. This processing time is in addition to time in transit via your chosen shipping method.


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veji11 wrote:Singer01 wrote:does anybody think the Netherlands are just as suspicious as the UK? 2G 2S 1B from a country with about 1/4 of the population of the UK?
Third the main issue here is that one country managed to crush everybody else. No single talent from any other country could compete. In swimming for example numbers (talent pool) and quality of training, infrastructure, etc do speak and mean that countries like the US get lots of medals. But individual great talents from other countries still have their chance : a great hungarian or aussie or french or welsh swimmer can win, and the usual ebb and flow of great generational talent applies : give a country 2 or 3 great athletes and they get many medals on one olympic games or 2 but once that specific generation falters, that peak fades.
If you look across many of the sports at the Olympics there is one dominant country. South Korea took all four archery golds. China have taken 5 of the 6 diving golds and have won all of the table tennis events so far. USA took 16 golds in swimming (the next highest took 3!). Why shouldn't a country be dominant at cycling?
I think there were really disappointing performances from Australia and France on the track. I also think that the Netherlands did pretty well. Will the British continue to dominate? With the current Olympic track program and the age of the British cyclists, I don't see why not.


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For those of you that either live under a rock or have a very limited reading repatoire David Mihm's annual Local Search Ranking Factors Volume 5 is out. In it you will see the compiled opinions of a large number of local search practioners, new and old.
If you read only one blog post this month, read David's compilation of opinions.David Mihm's Local Search Ranking Factors Volume 5 is Out by Mike Blumenthal


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The new One Direction album sounds like it was designed to win over (or perhaps further irritate) people likely to scoff at the idea that this British outfit is the biggest band on the planet.
The scale of its success seems beyond dispute, with 16 million Twitter followers, 35 million albums sold worldwide and well over 1 billion views of its videos on YouTube — all in the two years since the group released its debut in 2011. Coldplay and Foo Fighters can't even get in the same room to compete.
Yet One Direction's origin story, as five super-cute solo contestants thrown together on the U.K. version of "The X Factor," triggers skepticism among believers in bands as vehicles for certain creative traditions: writing your own songs, say, or jamming with guys you've known since childhood.
None of that could possibly matter less on "Midnight Memories," easily the year's most convincing rock album and one that suggests that the genre has, like all other genres in 2013, broken free of its own foundations.
Here there are spirited, pitch-perfect replicas of the Who's power-chord bombast ("Best Song Ever"), Van Halen's louche boogie ("Little Black Dress") and Def Leppard's stadium-sized glam ("Midnight Memories").
In "Does He Know?," a bonus track from the album's deluxe edition, the band helps itself to the instantly recognizable riff from "Jessie's Girl" by Rick Springfield, while "You & I" could be a cover of Bryan Adams' early-'80s ballad "Heaven."
Overall, the record presents a rowdier, more guitar-oriented sound than One Direction's previous efforts, which made greater use of synthetic club beats and R&B-style singing and featured songwriting and production input from Top 40 wizards such as Dr. Luke, RedOne and Shellback. (This time the group's collaborators include Snow Patrol frontman Gary Lightbody and Ryan Tedder of OneRepublic — not exactly a Mt. Rushmore of rock, but a telling lineup for an act of talent-show veterans.)
The group has been affecting a studied looseness onstage, as well: Roaming around in front of a capacity crowd at Staples Center, where One Direction played four sold-out concerts in August, the choreography-averse quintet came across more like the Rolling Stones in 1965 than the Backstreet Boys in 1997 — especially Harry Styles, the band's de facto frontman, who'd even adopted Keith Richards' debauched-pirate head-scarf look.
Styles went further on Sunday's American Music Awards, pushing his voice during the new album's "Story of My Life" beyond the usual boy-band precision into a kind of tortured man-bellow. By established One Direction standards, this was basically Eddie Vedder doing Pearl Jam's "Jeremy."
So having fully conquered the moms-and-daughters set that propelled them to stardom, are Styles and his bandmates now gunning for the dads who've begrudgingly chaperoned their girls at One Direction gigs across the land?
Maybe. Even if they're hitting all kinds of dad-rock pleasure centers on "Midnight Memories," though, the lyrics are sure to alarm parents on the lookout for teenage dirtbags, to borrow the title of the Wheatus song One Direction covered on its most recent tour.
"Your eyes keep saying things," "She kissed me like she meant it," "I wanna see the way you move for me" — you get the picture.
Then again, the One Direction machine has grown too large (and too lucrative) to risk truly alienating anyone, which is why "Midnight Memories" offsets the lively bad-boy stuff with a handful of swooning folk-pop numbers seemingly inspired by the good-guy likes of Travis and Mumford & Sons.
The band and its enablers are no less expert at reproducing this more genteel style; "Through the Dark," for instance, is a shuffling acoustic ditty complete with overblown words about fighting through fire and water for someone's love. It could be, rather tragically, by the Lumineers.
But One Direction in pure thirsting-for-respect mode is nobody's idea of a good time.
What makes songs like "Diana" and "Little White Lies" so much fun is that you can hear a bit of the laughing contempt the band holds for those unwilling to take it seriously — the same contempt, it should be noted, that the Who and Van Halen once oozed before they became Hall of Famers.
These sounds are ours to use now, the music seems to say. You really think you can stop us?
One Direction
"Midnight Memories"
21/2 stars