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Subject Matter Competence Requirement
The State of California requires that anyone pursuing a Multiple Subject, Single Subject Teaching Credential or a Preliminary Education Specialist Credential, to verify subject matter competence as a part of their teaching qualifications. This means that you have to prove to the state that you know the subject area that you will be teaching. Depending on the type of credential you want to pursue, you can meet subject matter competence by either taking the appropriate exam (CSET) OR by completing a subject matter preparation program through your bachelor's degree. For information about specific program requirements please see the program description for your program of interest. If requirement is met via passage of the CSET, scores must be reported to Sonoma State University by Evaluation Systems and a copy of the results must also be submitted with the program application
Teacher candidates must fulfill this requirement to gain full admission to the specific credential program. For candidates who completed their teacher preparation program in another state, the subject matter competence requirement may also be met through other options; please contact the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC) for more information regarding these options.
Basic Skills Requirement
The Basic Skills exam is required of anyone who is pursuing a teaching credential. California Education Code Sections 44252 and 44252.6 specify that candidates must demonstrate, in English, proficiency in basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills. Please review the "program descriptions" found under the "Admissions" link at www.sonoma.edu/education for information on how this requirement can be met. You need to demonstrate you are in progress of passing the Basic Skills requirement to be considered for admission. Scores must be reported to Sonoma State University by Evaluation Systems and a copy of the results must also be submitted with the program application. Requirement must be met in order to start a credential program.
RICA Requirement
Through the California Reading Initiative, California has made a major commitment to improving students' reading skills and performance. An important element of the California Reading Initiative is Educational Code Section 44283, which is foremost among the efforts to improve the preservice preparation of teacher candidates. The law requires the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC) to "develop, adopt, and administer a reading instruction competence assessment . . . to measure an individual's knowledge, skill, and ability relative to effective reading instruction." The goal of reading instruction is to develop competent, thoughtful readers who are able to use, interpret, and appreciate all types of text. Beginning teachers need to be able to deliver effective reading instruction that
- is based on the results of ongoing assessment;
- reflects knowledge of state and local reading standards for different grade levels;
- represents a balanced, comprehensive reading curriculum;
- is sensitive to the needs of all students.
The purpose of the RICA is to ensure that California-trained candidates for Multiple Subject TeachingCredentials and Education Specialist Instruction Credentials (special education) possess the knowledge and skills important for the provision of effective reading instruction to students.
Scores must be reported to Sonoma State University by Evaluation Systems and a copy of the results must also be submitted with the program application


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Meditation Class Feb/March 2018
Tuesday 12.30 - 1.00 pm £2.50
Tuesday 7.30 - 9.00 pm £5.00
Wednesday 10.00 - 11.30 am £5.00
Thursday 12.30 - 1.00 pm £2.50
Don't forget - your first class is FREE
All our classes and events are suitable for beginners and teach how to meditate and reduce stress, anxiety and other negative states of mind. Learn how to become peaceful, relaxed and happy through simple meditation and mindfulness techniques.
Each class is self-contained so you can drop-in at any time. No need to book, just come along, relax and enjoy. There is no physical exercise involved - we sit on chairs unless you wish to sit cross-legged on the floor.
Learn how to be happy and free from problems by developing and maintaining a peaceful mind.
16 January -15 February
Week 1 Meditate to Relax
Week 2 Peace of Mind
Week 3 Fulfilling our Wishes
Week 4 Overcoming Frustration
Week 5 Why do things go wrong?
27 February – 22 March
Week 6 Keep calm whatever happens
Week 7 Freedom from Problems
Week 8 Confidence to Change
Week 9 How to Live Lightly

subset: commoncrawl


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Have you ever wandered around a quilt shop and fallen in love with a gorgeous large-scale print that you absolutely, positively, cannot begin to imagine how you would use, but you still wanted it? This Spring Splash wall quilt pattern designed by Shelby Morris just might be the answer!
When a large-scale print is cut apart and sewn back together, a sparkling effect is created. This pattern is great for building your speed-cutting and piecing skills, too. Click here to watch our free video lesson that shows you helpful tips on how to sew with accurate 1/4″ seam allowances so all your pieces fit together well.
Spring Splash is a super-fun quilt to make, and requires only 2 fabrics. So grab that must-have large-scale print you adore, pick a coordinating fabric and go for it! Click here to download your FREE Spring Splash wall quilt pattern.
Does a certain fabric come to mind for you? Please share your ideas in the comments below.
Click here if you've missed any of our previous Friday Freebies.


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In 2000, the Lakewood Ranch Community Fund was developed to serve the people and interests of the Lakewood Ranch community, and allow donor-allocated funds to stay in our region, serving a variety of charitable interests. The Fund is set up under the umbrella of the larger Manatee Community Foundation to reduce management costs and allow more assets to remain in the community. A Board of Advisors is responsible for seeking out donations, reviewing grant proposals and distributing funding.
All requests from qualified 501(c)(3) organizations that pertain to this region can be considered. Primary attention is given to programs that promote a hometown lifestyle and provide community enhancement, including education, youth, sports, elderly, health, environment, libraries, arts and culture.
Grant applications are available on line each summer. Proposals are reviewed in early fall and grants are announced in September.


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With the large number of options for exhibition display stands for product displays, you can create a massive impact on your clients during an exhibition. Exhibition display stands offers highlighted space for your products. There are a range of exhibition displays for your products and can be used for exhibition, trade show, conferences, seminars or events. Bring your product to the forefront by showcasing them on display stands.
Another form of exhibition displays is AV displays that have a strong impact on how you present your brand during an exhibition, trade show or event. The audio-visuals add an extra impact on your exhibition stall. You can run you company promo or product launches or even the demo of the launched products on the AV display stands. Make sure exhibition stand interesting with AV exhibit displays and engage maximum visitors on the exhibition day.
The literature exhibition display stands are a great pick for displaying leaflets, brochures, books or magazines. Having your brochures and leaflets on a display stand comes across as a perfect way of offering a welcoming environment. It also helps you save a lot of time searching a particular book, leaflet or brochure from the pile of leaflets. You can also easily pack the entire literature exhibition display into a case and transport it wherever you want, without any hassle.
Kiosks display stands act as a multi-purpose exhibit display for your event, seminar, conference or even a trade show. The kiosks offer a display stand to showcase your brand or product and can also act as an accessory for displaying your brand name, logo or the brand message. You can also hang an LCD screen on a kiosk display stand and make it more useful during a show.
The portable counter displays have a curved contour worktop that can be used for product displays or portable desks for taking leads during an exhibition or trade show. Some of the portable counter display stands also have added features like internal shelves, lockable doors, to name a few. Choose from the wide range of portable counter exhibit displays and give your exhibition stand a new dimension.
Roll up exhibition display stands are effectively made to fit in a smaller space and can be easily assembled by rolling the graphic out of the base unit of the displays stand. This also makes sure that the roll ups are easy to install and can be hassle-freely transported from one place to another. So, if you are promoting your brand across locations then this is the right choice for you. The roll up display stands are available in a series of sizes and offer you the flexibility of changing the graphics. On the other hand, banner display stands come across as a cost-effective solution for your promoting your brand. These display stands can be easily seen from a distance and are portable too. Insta Exhibition Solutions have a wide and comprehensive range of exhibition display stands to suit all your specific needs. Our series of exhibition displays offer effective look and feel thereby providing an effective communication space during an exhibition, trade show or event.
Grey adidas Sneakers Ultraboost by McCartney White Women's White Uncaged Stella Stone Global Company with Networks in 4 Continents
5 Design Studios
Manufacturing facilities across continents
Turn-key projects execution in over 40 countries
360° Integrated solutions
"Thank you so much for your diligent and ardent support as always...... Without you guys help it would have been really impossible for me to finish this colossal task......"
"Our setup was erected before the time frame efficiently by Insta's I&D team. We were pleased with the staff's response and their after sale support.We are obliged with Insta's service, quality & support and would like to build up and recommend Insta's service offerings to other exhibitors"
"Just wanted to express my thanks and gratitude over a great job done over a very short period of time. The work was neat and the project management was extremely professional, and the interactions always pleasant"
"Would like to extend my thanks for excellent custom booth design , booth and above all excellent onsite support by your partners and yourself."
"I am happy with the way the project was done for us. Particularly like the friendly approach, explaining the process and outlook presentation. Way to go…"
"Quality of material and local office were reasons to choose Insta Exhibitions. It was a good experience with Insta because of the quick response given by your team when needed by our management. Project was executed well."
How May I help you?


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Opel Frontera Mass Air Flow Meters (MAF Sensor)
Opel Frontera Mass Air Flow Meters (MAF Sensor)
A Opel Frontera Mass Air Flow Sensor (MAF) is used to find out what the mass flowrate of air entering a fuel injected internal combustion engine. This MAF sensor is required for the engine control unit (ECU) to balance and delivery the right fuel mass to the engine.
This Opel Frontera MAF meter measures the volume of air that is drawn in to the engine. The way it measures this is by the deflection of the flap located in the Air flow sensor. This flap is connected to the potentiometer which then sends a signal directly to the ECU.
MKL Motors offers brand new Opel Frontera MAF Sensors for sale. All the brand new Opel Frontera Mass Air Flow Meters for sale are supplied with 1 years warranty and can be posted nationwide.


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Relax: China's First Aircraft Carrier is a Piece of Junk
- By David Axe
- June 1, 2011 |
Her new guns are installed. Her light-gray paint job has dried. Her airplanes are flying and her engines are turning. Thirteen years after she was purchased from Ukraine half-complete and lacking engines, the Chinese navy's very first aircraft carrier is ready to set sail from Dalian shipyard in northeast China. The former Soviet carrier Varyag, renamed Shi Lang in Chinese service, could begin sea trials this summer.
Just how worried should the world be?
The answer depends on who you ask. To China's closest neighbors, the prospect of a carrier speeding heavily-armed Chinese jet fighters across the world's oceans is an alarming one. But the U.S. Navy, the world's leading carrier power and arguably the Chinese navy's biggest rival, seems oddly unaffected.
There are good reasons for the Pentagon's calm. For starters, Shi Lang, pictured above, could be strictly a training carrier, meant to pave the way for bigger, more capable carriers years or decades in the future.
But even if she is meant for combat, there's probably little reason to fear Shi Lang. A close study of the 990-foot-long vessel — plus the warships and airplanes she'll sail with — reveals a modestly-sized carrier lacking many of the elements that make U.S. flattops so powerful.
When Shi Lang finally gets underway in coming months, she will boost the ability of the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) to patrol airspace over contested sea zones, provided they're not too far from the Chinese mainland. And more to the point, she'll look good doing it. "I think the change in perception by the region will be significant," Adm. Robert Willard, commander of U.S. Pacific forces, told the Senate in April.
Willard said he is "not concerned" about the ship's military impact.
Carrier Census
Shi Lang will sail into a Pacific Ocean teeming with carriers. First, there are the American carriers: five nuclear-powered supercarriers home-ported in California, Washington and Japan, plus six assault ships in California and Japan. Between them, the American carriers displace no less than 700,000 tons and can carry 600 aircraft. "Our Navy can carry twice as many aircraft at sea as all the rest of the world combined," outgoing U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates pointed out last year.
(In comparison, the Chinese flattop displaces just 60,000 tons and carries no more than 40 planes and choppers.)
Japan's got two 18,000-ton assault ships, plus another on the way. Today they carry just a few helicopters, but it's possible the ships will eventually embark vertical-landing F-35B stealth fighters. The same applies to South Korea's four planned 14,000-ton carriers and the two 30,000-ton Australian flattops still under construction.
Thailand's 12,000-ton Chari Naruebet is an outlier: too small for more than a handful of aircraft, but nevertheless capable of carrying the country's ancient, vertical-landing Harrier jets.
India and Russia both operate full-fledged carriers with jet fighters aboard. Russia's Admiral Kuznetsov is actually Shi Lang's older sister. Her dozen Su-33 fighters are just rustier versions of the Chinese J-15. Lately, Kuznetsov has spent most of her time in the Mediterranean. India's 30,000-ton Viraat and her 30 Harriers and choppers tend to stick to the Indian Ocean.
Of the 22 flattops already plying the Pacific or coming soon, none belongs to a country that China can consider a close ally. Today it's not uncommon to see American carriers sailing in mixed formations with carriers from Japan, South Korea, Thailand and India. Beijing can only dream of assembling that kind of international sea power, with or without Shi Lang.
Empty Nest
A carrier is only as potent as her air wing, a fact the Pentagon appreciates. That's why the U.S. Navy spends an average of $15 billion a year on new airplanes — about the same as the Air Force. Today, a Navy supercarrier sails with a 70-strong air wing. F/A-18 fighters, EA-6B or EA-18G radar-jamming planes, E-2 radar planes, C-2 cargo-haulers and H-60 helicopters are all part of the mix. The aircraft work as a team, patrolling, tracking and attacking targets below, on and above the surface and moving people and supplies to and from the carrier.
Shi Lang will not possess anything close to that mix of aircraft and capabilities. China's J-15 naval fighter, pictured above, is a rough analogue of the F-18, but with a shorter range, less sophisticated sensors and fewer weapons options. The Ka-28 helicopter hunts submarines like the H-60 does.
But that's it. The PLAN doesn't have radar-jamming jets, carrier-based airlifters or fixed-wing radar planes. Rumors of a Chinese copy of the E-2 seem unfounded, for an E-2 would require a steam-powered catapult to boost it into the air, and Shi Lang lacks even that basic equipment. To fill that huge gap in Shi Lang's air wing, China is testing a Z-8 helicopter fitted with a radar. But such a set-up offers only a fraction of the E-2's range and endurance.
The disparity will only increase in the next decade, as the U.S. Navy finally deploys jet-powered killer drones, early versions of which are already undergoing testing in the California desert.
The same limitations apply to Shi Lang's escorts.
To protect its $10 billion carriers and their air wings from aerial attack, the U.S. Navy assigns several of its 83 destroyers and cruisers to sail alongside each flattop. The escorting warships boast super-sophisticated Aegis radars and carry 100 or more Surface-to-Air Missiles per ship. An American carrier battle group possesses more high-powered radars and at-sea missiles than most other countries' entire naval fleets.
The Chinese navy has just two destroyers that come close to matching America's Aegis warships, although more are under construction. The Type 052C destroyer, pictured above, carries half as many missiles as a U.S. destroyer, and its radar is unlikely to match the Aegis' ability to closely track scores of targets simultaneously. On the surface, Shi Lang will be all but defenseless, by U.S. standards.
Underwater, the situation is even worse. American carriers travel with an unseen companion: at least one nuclear-powered attack submarine. The sub's job is to patrol ahead of the carrier, screening for hostile warships — especially other submarines. After all, submarines are the world's most lethal ship-killers.
The PLAN has two Type 093 submarines capable of long-range patrols. Again, that's too few for carrier-escort duty in addition to the other missions likely assigned to the Chinese attack-submarine force. But the bigger problem is communications. To coordinate surface ships and submarines, the Americans and other advanced navies rely on a mix of Very Low Frequency radios installed aboard special aircraft, plus higher-frequency radios for talking from ship to sub.
China hasn't perfected that system. "Due to the limitations of submarine communications technology, the PLAN currently can only exercise relatively limited tactical control over its submarines," Garth Heckler, Ed Francis and James Mulvenon wrote in the 2007 book China's Future Nuclear Submarine Force.
For that reason, Shi Lang probably cannot rely on Chinese submarines for protection from other submarines. That realization evoked a rather pointed comment from National War College professor Bernard Cole. "As a former Navy man, I'd love to see them [the Chinese] build a fleet of aircraft carriers which, increasingly, are just good sub targets," Cole said.
Potemkin Carrier
Leaving aside her modest size compared to American carriers, her incomplete air wing and escort force and the fact that she'll sail without the company of allied flattops, Shi Lang could be even less of a threat than her striking appearance implies. Shi Lang's greatest potential weakness could be under her skin, in her Ukrainian-supplied engines.
Powerplants — that is, jet engines for airplanes, turbines for ships — are some of the most complex, expensive and potentially troublesome components of any weapon system. Just ask the designers of the Pentagon's F-35 stealth fighter and the U.S. Navy's San Antonio-class amphibious ships. Both have been nearly sidelined by engine woes.
China has struggled for years to design and build adequate powerplants for its ships and aircraft. Although Chinese aerospace firms are increasingly adept at manufacturing airframes, they still have not mastered motors. That's why the new WZ-10 attack helicopter was delayed nearly a decade, and why there appear to be two different prototypes for the J-20 stealth fighter. One flies with reliable Russian-made AL-31F engines; the other apparently uses a less trustworthy Chinese design, the WS-10A.
For Shi Lang, China reportedly purchased turbines from Ukraine. Though surely superior to any ship engines China could have produced on its own, the Ukrainian models might still be unreliable by Western standards. Russia's Kuznetsov, also fitted with Ukrainian turbines, has long suffered propulsion problems that have forced her to spend most of her 30-year career tied to a pier for maintenance. When she does sail, a large tugboat usually tags along, just in case the carrier breaks down.
If Shi Lang is anything like her sister, she could turn out to be a naval version of the mythical "Potemkin village" — an impressive facade over a rickety interior.
"As China's interests expand globally, the Chinese navy needs to go further outbound, and an aircraft carrier is needed," said Arthur Ding, from National Chengchi University in Taiwan. If so, China might have to wait for the carrier after the potentially hollow Shi Lang.
Photos: PLAN, Chinese Internet, U.S. Navy
See Also:
- Don't Panic: China's New Stealth Jet Takes to the Air [Updated …
- China Is Loving America's Stealth Jet Freakout
- Team of Rivals: U.S., China Come to Japan's Quake Aid
- Hey China: U.S. is Prepping New Ship-Killing Missiles, Too …
- Mullen to China: We're Staying in Your Backyard
- Where are China's Killer Drones?


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Program options specified on the command line follow these rules:
Options are given after the command name.
An option argument begins with one dash or two dashes,
depending on whether it is a short form or long form of the
option name. Many options have both short and long forms. For
-? and
--help are
the short and long forms of the option that instructs a MySQL
program to display its help message.
Option names are case sensitive.
-v and
-V are both legal and have different
meanings. (They are the corresponding short forms of the
--verbose and
Some options take a value following the option name. For
-h localhost or
--host=localhost indicate the
MySQL server host to a client program. The option value tells
the program the name of the host where the MySQL server is
For a long option that takes a value, separate the option name
and the value by an "
=" sign.
For a short option that takes a value, the option value can
immediately follow the option letter, or there can be a space
-hlocalhost and
localhost are equivalent. An exception to this rule
is the option for specifying your MySQL password. This option
can be given in long form as
or as
--password. In the
latter case (with no password value given), the program
prompts you for the password. The password option also may be
given in short form as
-p or as
-p. However, for the short form, if the
password value is given, it must follow the option letter with
no intervening space. The reason for this
is that if a space follows the option letter, the program has
no way to tell whether a following argument is supposed to be
the password value or some other kind of argument.
Consequently, the following two commands have two completely
different meanings:
mysql -ptestshell>
mysql -p test
The first command instructs mysql to use a
password value of
test, but specifies no
default database. The second instructs
mysql to prompt for the password value and
to use
test as the default database.
Within option names, dash
-") and underscore
_") may be used
interchangeably. For example,
--skip-grant-tables and
are equivalent. (However, the leading dashes cannot be given
as underscores.)
For options that take a numeric value, the value can be given
with a suffix of
G (either uppercase or lowercase) to
indicate a multiplier of 1024,
10242 or
10243. For example, the following
command tells mysqladmin to ping the server
1024 times, sleeping 10 seconds between each ping:
mysqladmin --count=1K --sleep=10 ping
Option values that contain spaces must be quoted when given on the
command line. For example, the
--execute (or
option can be used with mysql to pass SQL
statements to the server. When this option is used,
mysql executes the statements in the option
value and exits. The statements must be enclosed by quotation
marks. For example, you can use the following command to obtain a
list of user accounts:
mysql -u root -p --execute="SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user"Enter password:
******+------+-----------+ | User | Host | +------+-----------+ | | gigan | | root | gigan | | | localhost | | jon | localhost | | root | localhost | +------+-----------+ shell>
The long form (
--execute) is
followed by an equals sign (
If you wish to use quoted values within a statement, you will either need to escape the inner quotation marks, or use a different type of quotation marks within the statement from those used to quote the statement itself. The capabilities of your command processor dictate your choices for whether you can use single or double quotation marks and the syntax for escaping quote characters. For example, if your command processor supports quoting with single or double quotation marks, you can use double quotation marks around the statement, and single quotation marks for any quoted values within the statement.
Multiple SQL statements may be passed in the option value on the command line, separated by semicolons:
mysql -u root -p -e "SELECT VERSION();SELECT NOW()"Enter password:
******+------------------+ | VERSION() | +------------------+ | 5.1.74-debug-log | +------------------+ +---------------------+ | NOW() | +---------------------+ | 2015-11-05 20:03:22 | +---------------------+
--execute or
-e option may
also be used to pass commands in an analogous fashion to the
ndb_mgm management client for MySQL Cluster.
See Section 17.2.6, "Safe Shutdown and Restart of MySQL Cluster", for
an example.


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We return tonight to our study of the epistle of Jude. We are unable to move through this book as rapidly as we did 2 John and 3 John, if for no other reason than the fact that it's about twice as long as both of those. But more than that, this is one of those books that is condensed. And when you look into it, it expands by its own nature. And so we are digging in deeply and finding ourselves broadened in our understanding of the truths which are here mentioned rather briefly, but open to us all kinds of vistas of understanding.
Jude wrote this little epistle on the subject of apostasy. Apostasy is to defect from the faith, to know the faith, that is the gospel of Jesus Christ, to affirm it to one degree or another, to understand it and to abandon it, to reject it. More than that, Jude is not dealing necessarily with apostasy in general but with one particular form of apostasy, and that is that kind of apostasy that rejects the faith and then stays inside the church and deceives and propagates lies. There are those who having heard the faith and understood the faith and even made profession of the faith, abandoned the faith and disappear, never to darken the door of the church again, making no pretense of religion, no pretense of Christianity. They, of course, have brought upon themselves eternal condemnation but they are not a threat to the life of the church.
There are, however, other apostates who having rejected the faith become the agents of Satan inside the church who profess some adherence to Christianity, to Christian truth, and even some adherence to Scripture. But they are perverse and perverted and they exist inside the church in order to do the deadly work of undermining the truth from the inside. Jude is addressing those particularly, those who are described in verse 4 as certain persons who have crept in unnoticed. Or in verse 12, "Those men who are hidden reefs in your love feasts." They're still in the church, they still call themselves Christians, they still talk about the Lord Jesus, but they are dangerous. And they are set to destroy the truth. And so in verse 3 you have the major issue of this book, "I felt the necessity to write to you appealing that you contend earnestly for the faith." This is a call to war, a call to battle, to fight for the truth against the error that is basically disseminated inside the church to pervert and corrupt.
Two weeks ago as we approached verses 8 through 11 in our study of this epistle, I told you about spiritual terrorists who are hidden in the church, who do battle against the truth and the souls of men and women. And we are all very aware of terrorism in our world, if we're aware of anything, we're aware of that. It is to some degree a new phenomenon in the world. There are rabid killers who are especially dangerous for two reasons. One, they're unknown, secrecy is critical to them. They operate hidden. And secondly, they are willing to kill themselves for their cause. Their extreme devotion makes it impossible for us to threaten them with anything that will stop their enterprise because they're actually willing to blow themselves up in the process of blowing up others. For those two reasons that they are hidden and that they are extremely devoted to the degree of suicide, they are a new threat to the world's society. And the only way to stop them is to find out who they are and stop them before they can do their damage. It is essential to discern who they are and disarm them and the whole world is aware of that now. And this is a very frightened world in which we live, a world trying to unmask the terrorists before they strike, unmask them and disarm them before they do their destructive work.
And while the world is very aware of this and the world has racheted up its defenses and its pursuit in order to protect against these terrorists, the church seems very indifferent to spiritual terrorists, to Satan's Al Qaeda. And they basically operate in great danger because of the same two things. They are hidden inside, quote/unquote, Christianity, and they don't mind blowing themselves into hell. So they have no compunctions about the horrors of what they teach. They are subtle. And obviously the primary responsibility of those who lead the church is to proclaim the truth and to defend it. In Titus chapter 1, if someone is to be a pastor or an elder, chapter 1 verse 9, "They must hold fast the faithful Word in accordance with the teaching and be able to exhort in sound doctrine and refute those who contradict." This is standard, basic bottom line qualification for leadership in the church. You have to be able to explain the truth and to defend the truth and to unmask those who counterfeit it. This is an essential function of shepherding because not only do we feed the flock, but we protect the flock from the wolves who would destroy them.
We are then and have always been in a relentless war against spiritual terrorists. False teachers and those particularly who are in the church who pose a far greater threat than those outside. And this is exactly what Jude addresses.
Now we find ourselves in the main body of the letter, which starts in verse 5 and runs down to verse 16. That is really the main substance of the letter. Everything before that flows into it. Everything after that flows out of it. And in this main section, if we're going to be able to battle for the truth, if we're going to be able to defend the truth, unmask the traitors and disarm them before they do their damage, we have to have an unmistakable photo of them. We have to know what they look like so we can see them and discover them. And so, in verses 5 through 16 you have essentially a spiritual photo of apostates, a description, a description that basically unmasks them which is, as I said, absolutely critical. We are equally granted the task of protecting the truth as proclaiming the truth.
Now particularly we are looking at verses 5 through 11. And in verses 5 through 11 over the last couple of sessions, I told you there are three threes here. Jude is very structured. There are three threes in those verses which describe apostates who claim to represent the truth but actually represent the lie. There are three cases of apostate judgment in verses 5 through 7. There are three characteristics of apostate nature in verses 8 through 10. And there are three comparisons of apostate influence in verse 11. Three threes. And this becomes the composite photo to look at to see who the terrorists really are.
Now just by way of reminder. In verses 5 through 7 we saw three cases of apostate activity and judgment. I'll just read it to you. "I desire to remind you though you know all things once for all, that the Lord after saving a people out of the land of Egypt, subsequently destroyed those who did not believe." And there's the first case of apostate judgment, the first apostates that he mentions that were revealed and judged and it's referring to Israel. God delivered them out of Egypt. They became apostate and unbelieving, defecting from their faith in God and they were all destroyed in the wilderness.
The second case of apostates who were judged is in verse 6, "They are angels who didn't keep their own domain but abandoned their proper abode. He has kept them in eternal bonds under darkness for the judgment of that great day." He here is referring to angels, not only angels that fell from heaven, but angels that sinned in Genesis chapter 6 in a horrific act of demon-possession involving the quote/unquote sons of God with the daughters of men. And they who came from those unions were, of course, drowned in the Flood. Angels who had all the glories of heaven at their disposal, who apostatized and defected and turned against God and were judged.
The third illustration is Sodom and Gomorrah. Israel, angels and Gentiles, in particular verse 7 says Sodom and Gomorrah and the cities around them, in the same way as the angels, indulged in gross immorality, went after strange flesh, as we know from Genesis 19, it is homosexuality they were involved in, and they are exhibited as an example in undergoing the punishment of eternal fire.
Each of those illustrations features judgment. Israel, destroyed in the wilderness. Angels kept in eternal bonds under darkness for the judgment of the great day. Sodom and Gomorrah, undergoing the punishment of hell, eternal fire. Three cases of apostate judgment. Just to give you a picture of what apostasy looks like, it is a defection from God and whether Israel or angels or even Sodom and Gomorrah, they were exposed to the truth of God, exposed to the true God, and turned against Him.
Secondly, we saw three characteristics of apostate nature. Looking a little bit closer, moving in a little bit, magnifying the picture, we zero in not to the cases of apostasy that were judged, but to the characteristic that marks these apostates. And that's in verses 8 through 10. And there it says, yet in the same manner, just like Israel who apostatized, just like angels who apostatized, just like Sodom and Gomorrah who defected from the knowledge of God given to them, in the same manner, in the same way, these men, that is to say current apostates, these men also by dreaming, and here are the three characteristics, defile the flesh, reject authority and revile angelic majesties. Here are the three characteristics of apostate nature. They are motivated in these three ways, to defile the flesh, reject authority and revile angelic majesties. And we looked at this particularly last time that they basically do what they do by dreaming, literally it says, "These men, these dreamers...dreamers." It identifies them as dreamers because they basically reject the Word of God and they base their teachings on their own experiences, on their own intuition, on their own deluded minds, on their own esoteric insights. They come up with their own truth. They come up with their own concoctions based upon their imaginary visions and their imaginary revelations and even their dreams, and we talked about that at length. They have to have some substantial base upon which to convince people the things they say are true, when, of course, they're not. And so they claim some transcendental experience, some mystical insight, some dream, revelation or some vision. But they are, whatever they may parade themselves to be, in truth immoral, insubordinate and irreverent...immoral, insubordinate and irreverent. That is, they defile the flesh, reject authority and revile angelic majesty.
So when you look a little closer at the picture of these who have defected from the true faith, you're going to see their character revealed. They are not driven by superior insight. They are not driven by superior intellect. They are not driven by superior intuition. They do not have the secret knowledge of God. The Mormons don't have it. The Mary Baker Eddy didn't have it. Annie Besant didn't have it. Judge Rutherford didn't have it. The people who authored Jehovah's Witnesses didn't have it. The mystics in the Catholic system didn't have it. It's false, their dreams are nothing but the musings of their own distorted minds. They do not have elevated intuition. The Gnostics didn't have it, don't have it. They do not know the secrets of the ages. They are driven rather by the basest kind of things, love for sin, disdain for authority and irreverence toward angelic majesties. The last time we actually pointed out that they defile the flesh and reject lordship.
Now tonight we come to the third one of those three elements of the nature of these apostates. Very interesting statement. They revile angelic majesties. And different translators translate that differently, it is a very unique indictment. It seems to us strange because it's such an unusual thing to say, that they revile angelic majesties. What in the world does that mean? Well the word revile means to blaspheme, it's blasphemeo, present tense, to speak evil of. They are not only immoral, they are not only insubordinate, they are irreverent. They are blasphemers, these apostates. When you look more closely at them, no matter what they claim, they claim to have the secret knowledge of God, the elevated knowledge of God whether...whatever kind of apostate you're talking about, whether they're in priestly garb, or whether they're painted as the prophets of the Mormon church, or whether they're theological liberals who believe they have some more educated insight, or whether they are Gnostics who think that they have the secret knowledge. Whatever they are, the fact of the matter is they do not have the secret knowledge of God, they rather are blasphemers. And in particular, he says, they blaspheme doxas...doxas, that's the word translated by the NAS "angelic majesties." And it seems a rather bizarre way to translate the word doxasfrom which we get the word doxology. Doxasmeans glories. And it could refer to the glories of God and the glory of Christ. We could interpret it, they revile or they blaspheme glories, namely the glory of God and the glory of Christ. Why then are angels introduced into this? Well certainly angels are glorious, Scripture indicates that. Why does the translator here take the liberty to insert angelic majesties? The answer is, turn back to 2 Peter chapter 2. I told you at the beginning and we will reiterate it as we go along, that Jude and 2 Peter are very, very closely related. Some of the language is almost identical, some of it is identical. Second Peter, Peter was writing about false teachers to come. Jude writes they're here. But in 2 Peter chapter 2 verse 10, as Peter describes apostates, he says they indulge the flesh in its corrupt desires. And they despise authority. Daring, self-willed they do not tremble when they revile angelic majesties whereas angels who are greater in might and power do not bring a reviling judgment against them before the Lord. Peter clearly here refers to angels, clearly he refers to angels. They will blaspheme angels when even angels who are greater in might and power than men do not blaspheme other angels. That's what Peter is saying. They take the liberty to blaspheme angels.
Well, that's certainly what Sodom and Gomorrah did, didn't they? Sodom and Gomorrah did that. Blasphemed holy angels. Evil angels do that. They blaspheme holy angels, fight against holy angels, as we see in Daniel 10 when demons fight against the purposes of God, the work of His holy angels. They try to stop that work. But if we ask the question here, "How...how do false teachers, how do false teachers blaspheme angels?" It might not come immediately into mind what the answer is, but actually, it's pretty simple, pretty clear because there is a very particular ministry that angels have had for a long time that is outlined in Scripture. It's really unmistakable.
Go back to Deuteronomy chapter 33 and let me see if I can't help you to see this. In Deuteronomy 33, Moses is reiterating something of the history of Israel. He, of course, is about ready to die and he calls the sons of Israel together before his death and he says to them in verse 2 of Deuteronomy 33, he reminds them of history, he reminds them of God coming down at Sinai. "The Lord came from Sinai and dawned on them from Seir; He shown forth from Mount Paran...notice this...and He came from the midst of ten thousand holy ones; at His right hand there was flashing lightning for them. Indeed He loves the people, all Thy holy ones are in Thy hand." Here God is pictured coming down at Sinai with literally ten thousand angels, myriads of angels.
Now what do we remember that happened at Mount Sinai? What was given at Mount Sinai? The Law. And here for the first time, the angels are associated with the giving of the Law. Psalm 68 and verse 17, following a little bit further in this, Psalm 68 verse 17 says this, "The chariots of God are myriads," that's ten thousand times ten thousand, "The chariots of God," referring to the angels, "are ten thousand times ten thousand and thousands upon thousands." Where else do you read that in the Bible? The book of Revelation, all the angels around the throne. The Lord is among them as at Sinai in holiness. When God came down at Sinai to give the Law, the angels were there and they were t here in massive force, ten thousand times ten thousand and thousands of thousands. It is if the whole of heaven's holy angels came down at Sinai in this monumental event of giving the Law. The numbers are the same as the numbers used to describe how many angels surround the throne of God in heaven.
Now in the New Testament in the seventh chapter of Acts, we are given even greater insight into this in the sermon preached by Stephen. And if you drop down to verse 53, Stephen says, "You who received the Law as ordained by angels and yet did not keep it." Now what we learn from all these passages is that in some fashion, in some way, the angels played a very special role in the dispensing of the Law of God at Sinai.
Turn over to Galatians chapter 3 and verse 19. In Galatians chapter 3 and verse 19, "Why the Law then? It was added because of transgressions, having been ordained through angels." I don't know if you ever thought about the Law that way, but the angels played a very, very particular role in the giving and ordaining of the Law of God and again. And finally in Hebrews chapter 2 verse 1, here's a warning against apostasy. "Play close attention to what we've heard, lest we drift away from it," Hebrews 2:1. Then verse 2, "For if the Word spoken through angels proved unalterable and every transgression and disobedience received a just recompense, how shall we escape if we neglect so great a salvation?" And he's referring there to the Law. And again he says the Law was spoken through angels. Angels then have a very special role in the moral order in the world. And we see in Isaiah 6 the angels saying, "Holy, holy, holy." Immoral people then who rebel against divine lordship, immoral people who defile the flesh by their corruption also then blaspheme the holy angels who had a special guardianship over the Law of God. And so whether they recognize it or not, apostates in their immorality and in their insubordination blaspheme not only God, blaspheme not only Christ, blaspheme not only the Holy Spirit, but they blaspheme holy angels as well as the one the angels serve.
Now go back to Jude chapter 1. When the Lord comes to judge these apostates, the end of verse 14, Jude 1, "Behold, the Lord came with many thousands of His holy ones." When He comes back to judge, the prophecy, when He comes back to judge with many thousands of His holy ones, verse 15, to execute judgment upon all and to convict all the ungodly of all their ungodly deeds which they have done in an ungodly way and of all the harsh things which ungodly sinners have spoken against Him.
The point is, when the Lord comes back to judge all the ungodly of the world, He is going to come with the holy angels who have also been blasphemed by the violations of the Law which they have been given a guardianship of. It is an amazing irony then, really an amazing irony that many apostate false teachers claim special insight and special association and special relationship with angels. You study the cults and the isms and chisms and spasms of false religion and you will find that they inevitably claim some connection with angels. You go down by the Mormon tabernacle down in the Santa Monica area and you will see one massive golden angel on the top of that temple, his name is Moroni. It is purported that Joseph Smith had a special relationship with that angle. The truth is, he blasphemed angelic majesties, just as he blasphemed God by denying that He is a Trinity, just as he blasphemed Christ by denying that He is God, so he blasphemes angels, the true guardians of God's holy Law and His holy Word. They really do deal with demons and blaspheme holy angels because demons are all...are always the supernatural authors of false doctrine, right? First Timothy 4, "doctrines of demons." All error is demonic as to its source, satanic as to its source. And so, it is a rather amazing irony that these false religions very often and these mystics and these Gnostics and these who have the elevated knowledge and these who get the visions and the revelations and the dreams are talking about the fact that this stuff is coming from angels when in fact they are blaspheming the holy angels who are the guardians of the sacred Word of God and they are really in connection with demons.
Because the point is so unusual, Jude gives a further consideration by way of contrast into the seriousness of this sin. Look at verse 9. And as I said, it's a very unusual point to make, but Jude is helping us to get a sort of a consummate perspective on the horror of apostasy. It defiles the flesh. It is corrupt morally. It denies authority. It therefore denies lordship and it even blasphemes not just God and Christ, but the holy angels who are the guardians of God's holy Law. And to make the point, you come to verse 9. And this is a common sort of style to make a point, severe contrast in order to seal the idea. Verse 9, "But Michael the archangel when he disputed with the devil and argued about the body of Moses did not dare pronounce against him a railing judgment but said, 'The Lord rebuke you...The Lord rebuke you.' But these men revile the things which they do not understand and the things they know by instinct like unreasoning animals. By these things they are destroyed."
False teachers do not hesitate to indulge their flesh, reject lordship and revile holy angels. Reviling holy angels is something you better be careful about. Blaspheming holy angels by rejecting the Law of which they are the guardians is serious. It is a serious thing to revile holy angels. And the point that Jude makes here is very powerful because he says Michael who is himself a holy angel would not even revile Satan who was a fallen angel. That's an amazing contrast, isn't it? Michael who is himself a holy angel would not himself blaspheme a fallen angel and yet these false teachers will blaspheme holy angels. But...is the first word, it opens the contrast...Michael the archangel...his name means who is like God, of course the answer is no one, his very name is a reminder that no one is like God...as an archangel, he is a chief leader among the angelic spirits. So now we're coming to the highest level of angelic order. He is mentioned in Daniel 10 and again in Daniel 12. And Michael was God's particularly powerful angel for the purpose of protecting Israel and defeating Satan's purposes against Israel, against the people of God. That's why he's called Michael, your prince, the prince of Israel, the protector of Israel.
He is also mentioned in Revelation chapter 12 verses 7 through 9. He is seen with very important responsibility as a protector. In Revelation 12:7 Michael and his angels are waging war with Satan and his angels. And, of course, Michael and his angels defeat Satan and his angels and throw them out of heaven and throw them down to earth. He is then a powerful heavenly holy angel. He knew Lucifer. He knew him when he was the son of the morning, when he was the anointed cherub, when he was around the throne, when he was the heavenly choir director. He knew the other demons, all of them being created together at once. And when they fell, he knew they fell and he did battle with them and was part of the force that threw them out of heaven. He knows he has power over Satan then, he knows Satan is fallen. And yet he has respect for those angelic enemies of God and even though he is a powerful holy angel, he knows that there are limits to his power and there are limits to his knowledge. He is not omniscient, or is he omnipotent. His power as a holy angel is delegated and his function is to do whatever God tells him to do and not act independently on his own. He will not usurp divine authority. He will not exercise his own will over Satan. He will not on his own blaspheme even Satan. God has His plans for Satan and God knows what they are and Michael will carry them out but he will not act independently. He will not intrude. He will not do things on his own. And one of the things he will not do is he will not bring against the devil a railing judgment but rather he will say to the devil, "The Lord rebuke you." He knows that there even limits to his own power. For Michael on his own to rebuke the devil would just to be engaged in a battle, such as we see in the tenth chapter of Daniel where God sends him to answer Daniel's prayer and the demon spirit holds him up and engages him in battle. Even Michael is not omniscient, nor is he omnipotent.
As I said, with this insight, Jude reverses the reader's expectation to prove the point of verse 8. Apostates blaspheme holy angels by their disregard of God's holy Law which the angels ordained and protect and guard. Apostates have the gall to blaspheme holy angels by their disregard of God's Law. Holy angels don't even blaspheme demons. Michael, in a sense, does what Jesus did. Jesus said He only did what the Father commanded Him to do, right? He only said what the Father told Him to say in His incarnation. Jesus did that only as part of His humiliation for the time He was on earth. But the holy angels only do that and do it eternally. They only do what God tells them to do. Since they are not omniscient and they are not omnipotent, they are under divine authority and the demonstration of their holiness is their utter commitment to do only that which God tells them to do.
Just a footnote here. I am always profoundly disturbed, especially in the Charismatic Movement, when I hear people pronouncing judgment on Satan, when I hear people telling Satan what to do and where to go and binding him and binding demons. This is not for us to do. We don't have the authority to do it. We don't have the insight to do it. They don't respond to us. They will battle Michael, who do you think you are? It's like the demon said to the sons of Sceva, "Jesus we know, and Paul we know, but who are you?" Why should we do what you tell us to do? God sent Satan to Job, the best guess would have been to chase the devil away, except that God had sent him. God turned Peter over to Satan, the best guess would be to send Satan away. But God sent Satan. God sent a messenger from Satan to put a thorn through Paul's flesh. The best guess would have been to send that messenger away, except that God had sent him. You don't know what God is doing with Satan who is his servant. You don't know what He is doing with demons who do His will and accomplish His purposes.
Apostate false teachers are defiled in the flesh. They reject lordship. And they want to operate on their own. They blaspheme God not only by rejecting His holy Law in their immorality, not only by denying His divine authority, but being so irreverent as to, listen to this, usurp prerogatives that belong only to God, they don't even belong to Michael. People running around telling Satan what to do. Michael doesn't even do that. You have way overstepped your bounds. You have assumed for yourself a knowledge you do not have and a power you do not have. The demonstration of the holiness of Michael is that he knew his place. Yes he was the protector of God's people, but all judgments as to how he protected God's people were made by God.
And so, go back to verse 9, "Michael the archangel, when he disputed with the devil and argued about the body of Moses, did not dare pronounce against him a railing judgment but said, 'The Lord rebuke you.'" Pretty different than what we hear today, isn't it? All these people running around telling the devil what to do. You can't even blaspheme a fallen angelic majesty, you wouldn't think to tell holy angels what to do, I hope. I would hope you're not in some illusion that you can command the holy angels. I don't hear any of that. I don't hear these people saying, "Michael, go do this." Why would they say, "Satan, stop doing that?" Who do these people think they are? Maybe that's next.
Michael's response in this conflict, a very interesting conflict about the body of Moses, was to say, "The Lord rebuke you." You know, Michael knew the Bible. Go back to Zechariah chapter 3. Michael knew the Bible. Zechariah chapter 3 verse 1, Zechariah's next to Malachi, that's the second to the last book in the Old Testament, in case you're in Numbers or something. All right, Zechariah 3:1, Zechariah is shown Joshua the high priest and this is a vision of Joshua the high priest, he was the son of Jehozadak and along with a man named Zerubbabel led the first group of Jews back from Babylonian captivity. And Joshua was a real man and a real high priest. But he really represents Israel in this vision. He sort of stands there as the representative of the nation. And so Zechariah sees in this vision Joshua the high priest and he's standing before the Angel of the Lord, this is the preincarnate Christ, this is God the Son before His incarnation, often designated the Angel of the Lord.
Now listen to this. And Satan is standing at his right hand to accuse him. This is the age old scene that goes on in heaven all the time, it's sort of a repeat of Job, right? Satan goes into heaven, he comes to God, he starts accusing. In this case, Satan is standing at the right hand of Christ, accusing Joshua, or better, accusing the nation he represents, namely Israel, and what's he trying to do? He's trying to get God to break His covenant with Israel. He's trying to get God to deny His promises to sinful Israel. And the Angel of the Lord, who in verse 2 is called the Lord because it is the Lord Himself, listen to what He says. "And the Lord said to Satan...what?...The Lord rebuke you." How interesting is that? Here in almost a preview of how Jesus would act when He was on earth, He defers to His Father and the Lord, the Angel of the Lord, the preincarnate Christ in a picture of what He would be like in His incarnation, instead of rebuking Satan, says to Satan, "The Lord rebuke you, Satan." And as it were, the Son calls on the Father to rebuke Satan. Indeed, the Lord who has chosen Jerusalem rebuke you. Is this not a bran plucked from the fire, language which Jude also uses? And then Joshua was clothed with filthy garments, standing before the Angel and he spoke and said to those who were standing before Him saying, "Remove the filthy garments from him." And He said to him, "See, I've taken your iniquity away from you and will clothe you with festal robes. Put a clean turban on his head." And they put a clean turban on his head and clothed him with garments while the Angel of the Lord was standing by. Instead of God breaking His promise, God gave a picture of justification, a picture of the day when He would clothe Israel with His own righteousness.
Michael was there. Michael knows that story, knows that text, knew that scene. Michael did just what the pre-incarnate Son did. He didn't say, "I rebuke you, Satan." He said, "That's up to the Lord to do."
And that's what he did, back to Jude 9, on a very strange occasion. The occasion was when Michael was disputing with the devil and arguing about the body of Moses, do you ever read anywhere about God arguing about anything with anybody trying to get His point across? No. This is another indication of the powers of Michael being limited. These have an argument with the devil. And they're arguing about the body of Moses. Now if it was just simple for him to say, "I bind you, Satan, I condemn you, I damn you, I curse you, chase him away," he would have done it, I suppose, he wouldn't have stood there and argued with him. But the only way to end an argument was basically to say the Lord rebuke you. Michael struggled with the demon in Daniel for many days to finally overcome him. And here, however, the debate seems to end very quickly with an appeal to the Lord.
Now what is this arguing about the body of Moses? Very quickly, if you're reading with us through Scripture, we just finished Deuteronomy and you remember in the thirty-fourth chapter of Deuteronomy Moses died. And nothing in Deuteronomy is said about this, this is the only place this is ever said in the whole Bible. If you read Deuteronomy, you don't know this happened. You don't know there was an argument about his body. But you do know that Moses went away and died and nobody knew where He was buried, remember? Deuteronomy, nobody knew where he was buried. Why? Because he didn't want him digging up the body and making an idol out of him. You know what they do in the Catholic Church these days, you know, with Mary's milk and Peter's bones, supposedly, and all those kinds of things that pass down as some kind of religious artifacts. And so God wanted the body of Moses buried in an unknown place in an unmarked grave and no one would ever know and no one would ever venerate it.
Well Satan wanted that body. What did he want to do with it? I don't know, I have the same Bible you have. I don't know what he wanted to do with it. I can guess. Maybe he wanted to parade it around to somehow desecrate it. Or maybe he wanted to turn it into something to be worshiped. But Michael was given the responsibility to bury that body and the way Michael dealt with Satan was the only way you can deal with him, he said, "The Lord rebuke you." That is the way you deal with him.
This is really an interesting point. Apostates not only rebuke Satan with amazing presumption, but they teach other immature believers to do it as well. And in addition, they also blaspheme holy angels by their sinful lives which show disdain for the holy Law of God which is so precious and so sacred to the angels. They are, in a true sense, the guardians of God's holy Law. And wherever these false teachers are characterized by materialism, wherever they're characterized by pride, wherever they're characterized by insubordination to the Word of God, wherever they're characterized by anger or power-hunger, whatever it is, they are violating the holy Law of God, they are then in the truest sense blaspheming angelic majesties.
One further comment is made on this very unusual matter of blaspheming angelic majesties and it's in verse 10 and we'll stop at that point. But these men...what men?...verse 12, these men; verse 14, these also; verse 16, these; verse 19, these. It's these, the same ones, these men. What men? These apostates, these persons, verse 4, who crept in unnoticed who were long beforehand marked out for condemnation. These ungodly persons who turn the grace of our God into licentiousness and deny our only Master and Lord Jesus Christ, these who undermine the faith, these men, verse 8, these dreamers, these are those, verse 10, who revile the things which they do not understand. Boy, it's just a very simple thing, isn't it? They do this stuff because they are spiritually ignorant. Second Peter 2 says they blaspheme where they have no knowledge. They do not understand the Word of God cause their minds are darkened since they're not converted, they're in spiritual death. They blaspheme because they are spiritually ignorant. They can't get it. And that's right back to that very definitive passage in 1 Corinthians chapters 1 and 2 where the Apostle Paul says, "Where is the wise man? Where is the scribe? Where is the debater of this age? God has made the wisdom of the world into foolishness. In the wisdom of God the world through its wisdom didn't come to know God." It goes on to say they are in a natural condition, cannot understand the things of God. All these apostates, all these liberals, all these cultists, all these false preachers and false teachers operate out of abysmal ignorance. They blaspheme out of ignorance.
And even a more amazing statement in verse 10, "And the things which they know by instinct, like unreasoning animals, by these things they are destroyed." They do not listen, they do not function on true knowledge. Again, 2 Peter 2 says they blaspheme where they have no knowledge. They're always learning but never able to come to the knowledge of the truth. They function on the things which they know by instinct, like unreasoning animals. They operate out of their own intuition. They operate out of their own musings. They operate out of their own instinct, phusikos, is the Greek word, it means without the benefit of reason or without the benefit of revelation. When you see on your television the program on ABC called "Jesus and Paul," and I watched it for three hours, you are watching people who are blaspheming out of absolute ignorance. They have no knowledge of the truth and so they function like irrational unreasoning animals on pure instinct. And where does instinct come from? It comes from inside of them. They are void of the truth. No matter how academic, or how philosophical, or how highly educated they are, no matter how many visions and dreams and insights and intuitions they have claimed, they are not profound, they are not wise, they know nothing and they operate like dumb animals. Romans 1:22 says, "Professing themselves to be wise they have become...what?...fools." That's the word in the Greek, moron.
Now, back in verse 10 again, the things that they know they know by instinct, alogia, without the Word, loga, logia, logos,the Word, truth, knowledge. They are a, alpha privative, negates it. They are without the Word, without the knowledge. They are driven by sinful interests. They are driven by insubordinate rebellion. They are driven by irreverence toward God's Law and toward God's character. And they are dead in trespasses and sins. They are natural men who cannot understand the things of God. They can no more be educated than an animal can go to a university. They claim to be transcendent. They claim to have reached the divine realm. They claim to have the true knowledge. They claim to have received revelation, visions, dreams. They think they are the highest. In reality, they're as ignorant as a donkey. And their ignorance is so deep, so in their nature that they can only instinctively go for the food in the trap without reason or revelation and the end of verse 10 says, "They will be killed by the very things they follow by instinct." They blow themselves up with their own lying, deceiving bombs.
Perhaps the greatest and most powerful force, new force in this regard is the DaVinci Code Book which is blasphemy upon blasphemy upon blasphemy upon blasphemy. It is a new run at old Gnosticism. It purports to have profound esoteric mystical insights into the real Jesus and it is without reason, without truth, without knowledge, as ignorant as a dumb animal. And by the very things that they do instinctively, they're destroyed. Like a stupid animal caught in a trap because he follows his desire for food, so they follow the lusts of their flesh, the insubordination of their hearts, the irreverence of their minds and ignorance kills them like the suicide bombers, they blow themselves up in representing Satan by following their own instincts. The judgment of God gets them in the end. Verse 3, it says you have to earnestly contend for the faith, once for all delivered to the saints against those people who have crept in unnoticed...here it is...who were long beforehand marked out for this condemnation. Verse 5, apostates in Israel were subsequently destroyed. Verse 6, apostates in heaven received the judgment of that great day, until then kept in eternal bonds under darkness. Verse 7, in Sodom and Gomorrah, they undergo punishment of eternal fire. And then in verse 10, the end, they are destroyed.
And so we see the first and the second of the threes. Three cases of apostate action in past history and its judgment and three characteristics of apostate nature. Now verse 11, three comparisons of apostate influence. Woe to them, for they have gone the way of Cain and for pay they have rushed headlong into the error of Balaam and perished in the rebellion of Korah. There's the third three. Cain, Balaam, and Korah. That's for next time. We'll spend all of next Sunday night in verse 11, I promise you.
Lord, we thank You again for the consistency of Your truth. We just never cease to be astounded at its power, passage after passage. And we thank You for equipping us to battle for the truth and for giving us insight by the Spirit through the Word to be faithful defenders of Your glorious and holy Word. Amen.
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Thank you for your interest and request for information regarding the NABC Reading and Math Program. On this page are the models for each program targeted towards elementary aged children. Please use this as your model program and modify where necessary according to your needs.
This program targets first, second, and third graders. To maximize your team's effort and time we have created this typical scenario for you to consider and/or follow.
note: Math program guidelines are contained in this PDF file.
- 1. Arrange to visit one or two schools.
- 2. Divide your team into two groups. (12 players= 2 groups of 6 players)
- 3. Pair each group of players to three groups of two players.
- 4. At school A, each group would visit two classrooms apiece for approximately 45-minutes each.
- 5. At school B, each group would visit two classrooms apiece for approximately 45-minutes each. In this short period of time, players and coaches will have the opportunity to influence approximately 250-300 elementary aged school children.
You can now download the "Reading with the NABC" packet for your use when organizing your reading event. This packet contains the following: Introduction letter; sample agendas; sample reading list; sample press release and a copy of the certificate that can be copied and distributed to participating elementary students.
NABC Reading Program in PDF Format
NABC Reading Program Certificate in PDF Format
This Packet Contains: 1. A sample letter to use to communicate with the principals of the elementary schools you target for your visit. 2. The activities that should take place while in the classroom. 3. A sample schedule of what your athletes should be doing while in the classrooms. 4. A sample certificate that could be signed by each player and coaching staff prior to making copies (please make extra copies to ensure that each student receives a certificate). Note: Show certificates to the class prior to leaving and then give them to the teacher who will insert names and distribute to the students. 5. A sample reading list. Note: Teachers will usually supply you with a reading list if requested. 6. A sample news release for the use of your sports information department.
The NABC would like to thank you in advance for participating. Please email any photos of your visits to Rick Leddy in JPEG format to email@example.com. Please label all photos with the information concerning the school visited, your institutions name, names of players and coaches involved, and dates. Also, please make note if you would like materials returned.
For further information we may be found on the web at www.NABC.com. If you have questions or concerns please contact Rick Leddy at (203) 239-4253.
In-Classroom Agenda
1. Athlete/ Reader Introductions - Name, Hometown, High School, Major and favorite book.
2. Icebreaker Conversation - Discuss favorite activities as a child, importance of reading, items/books they currently enjoy reading, everyday ways to improve reading skills - newspapers, magazines, Internet.
3. Read Aloud to Class - Teacher selects book to be read.
4. Reading Related Activity - Teacher selects activity.
5. Question and Answer Period - Students can ask questions of readers.
6. Closing Words of Encouragement - Importance of reading and reading for pleasure, importance of education and work ethic, importance of listening, and importance of good health and staying away from drugs.
7. Distribute Collateral - Certificates of participation, posters, bookmarks, reading lists, etc.
Suggested Schedule
12:30-12:40 pm - Athlete/ Reader Introductions and Icebreaker Conversation
12:40-12:55 pm - Read Aloud to Class
12:55-1:10 pm - Reading Activity
1:10-1:15 pm - Closing Words of Encouragement
1:15 pm - Distribute Collateral
Change Classrooms
1:30-1:40 pm - Athlete/ Reader Introductions and Icebreaker Conversation
1:40-1:55 pm - Read Aloud to Class
1:55- 2:10 pm - Reading Activity
2:10-2:15 pm - Closing Words of Encouragement
2:15 pm - Distribute Collateral


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Swanston Street & St Kilda Road
You will find much of Melbourne's most notable architectural sites along its main thoroughfare. Take a gentle stroll – or better still a bicycle tour – to get to know these buildings.
Melbourne Museum
Architects: Denton Corker Marshall
Completed: 2000
Location: Carlton Gardens, Carlton
In designing the Melbourne Museum, architects Denton Corker Marshall were faced with the challenge of complementing the old building with an uncompromisingly contemporary structure. Its cantilevered east-west roof, with a further plane jutting out toward Canning Street, is visible for miles. Denton Corker Marshall are often called Australia's greatest iconoclasts and are known for their angled structures and cantilevered planes, as well as their use of colour, which is evident in the cubic Children's Museum at its western end.
Royal Exhibition Building
Architect: Joseph Reed
Completed: 1880
Location: Carlton Gardens, Carlton
Designed by the architect of the State Library and the Melbourne Town Hall the Royal Exhibition Building, with its wooden frame, was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004 as one of the last remaining buildings of its kind. Conceived at the height of the mid-19th century International Exhibitions movement, which demonstrated the confidence and achievements of the Industrial Age, the building has survived many incarnations, ranging from housing the inaugural Australian Federal Parliament to an influenza hospital.
The dome was modeled on that of the Florence Cathedral.
RMIT University Building 8
Architects: Edmond and Corrigan
Completed: 1993
Location: 368 Swanston Street, Melbourne
Edmond and Corrigan's RMIT Building 8 is home to the School of Architecture and Design. Corrigan designed a colourful, patterned mask for the façade, which veils and extends an existing building that once consisted of pragmatic concrete and glass blocks. The architecture program is housed on the top floor, and from the street below you can see – jauntily cantilevered – a bright tiled protrusion that accommodates the meeting room. Each floor is fondly tiled in colours inspired by Victorian football teams.
Storey Hall
Architects: Tappin Gilbert and Dennehy (original building),
Ashton Raggatt McDougall (ARM) (redevelopment)
Completed: 1887 (original building), 1995 (redevelopment)
Location: 342 Swanston Street, Melbourne
Legend has it that idiosyncratic Storey Hall, designed by ARM architects, was kept carefully veiled during construction because it was going to be a controversial building (needless to say, it was). The building was originally conceived in a neoclassical style and has accommodated the Hibernian Australasian Catholic Benefit Society and passed through the hands of the Women's Political Association in the past. The colours of the new façade, green and purple, make reference to these earlier inhabitants. In the interior, a further reference is made to the so-called Yellow Peril sculpture, which is now located on the forecourt of ACCA.
State Library of Victoria
Architects: Joseph Reed (original building), Ancher Mortlock & Woolley
in association with Geyer (redevelopment)
Completed: 1856 (original building), 1990–2005 (redevelopment)
Location: 328 Swanston Street, Melbourne
The recently refurbished State Library of Victoria with its terraced lawns in front of the neo-classical portico offers the most successful public platform along Swanston Street. A visit to the famous domed reading room is a must.
Newly inscribed on the interior walls that support what was once one of the largest domes in the Southern Hemisphere are the words of writers reflecting on words, literature and libraries: 'One reads in order to ask questions', writes Kafka. 'Books are the threads from which our culture and civilisation are woven', suggests Richard W. Clement.
Melbourne Central
Architects: Kisho Kurokawa, Bates Smart + McCutcheon and Hassell
(original building), Ashton Raggatt McDougall (refurbishment)
Completed: 1988 (original), 2005 (refurbishment)
Location: Corner Swanston and LaTrobe streets, Melbourne
The Melbourne Central Shopping Complex is a reminder of the influx of foreign architects in the 1980s, who were commissioned with large-scale construction projects in the city. The fact that the original mall was infamous for its disconnection from the urban fabric of the city was often attributed to the fact that the architects weren't familiar with the character of this city. Local firm ARM was invited to alleviate the problem in 2005. They did so by creating new openings to the street and streamlining its interiors, replicating Melbourne's laneway system to enable shoppers to traverse several city blocks while remaining undercover.
Republic Tower
Architect: Nonda Katsalidis | Completed: 1999
Location: Corner La Trobe and Queen streets, Melbourne
Taking a detour toward the south-western end of La Trobe Street, and the last remaining block of the Hoddle Grid, you'll catch a glimpse of the sculptural Republic Tower. The 36- level tower was one of the first residential high-rises built in the city and contributed to a strategy aiming to encourage an influx of private dwellings in inner Melbourne. Its architect later designed the 92-storey Eureka Tower at Southbank. The Republic Tower's prominent billboard features works by different artists, making evident the strong connections between the city's artists and its architects.
Architects: Denton Corker Marshall, Lyons Architects, Kerstin Thompson Architects, John Wardle Architects, McBride Charles Ryan
Completed: 2005
Location: Corner of Swanston and Lonsdale streets, Melbourne
Adjacent to the State Library is the Queen Victoria Village (QV) development, the design of which saw a diverse cross section of this city's most renowned architecture practices interpret the character of contemporary Melbourne. This
montage of buildings spans an entire city block, incorporating laneways and a small square, though what masquerades as a series of public spaces is actually a commercial shopping mall. In addition there are around 600 apartments, car parks and the 29-level headquarters of BHP Billiton.
Urban Workshop
Architects: John Wardle Architects, Hassell + NHArchitecture
Completed: 2005
Location: 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne
Toward the perimeter of the Hoddle Grid at Spring Street you'l discover an office block named Urban Workshop, which towers above a collection of small-scale historical buildings. This building has received much praise – and many awards – for its new interpretation of public and private space. By making this space available for anyone to enjoy, the planning permit of the building was extended from 10 to 32 storeys. Again, the use of the laneway is employed as an urban characteristic for Melbourne. Its foyer is strung with sturdy, custom-designed furniture, reminiscent of oversized wooden building blocks.
RMIT Capitol Theatre
Architects: Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin
Completed: 1924
Location: 113 Swanston Street, Melbourne
Capitol Theatre was designed by Chicago architect Walter Burley Griffin and his wife Marion Mahony Griffin, the first licensed female architect in the US. The pair had won the competition to plan Canberra in 1912 and subsequently moved their practice to Australia. Opened in 1924, this remarkable theatre was more recently repurposed as a lecture hall for RMIT University. The cavernous interior is strung with elegant, geometrical stalactites that form the receptive surface to a magic lantern array of 4000 coloured lights, as the walls of the theatre threaten to become both immaterial and all-engulfing. Robyn Boyd, one of Melbourne's most renowned architectural personalities and an ardent campaigner for modernism in the 1950s, '60s and '70s, was cited in The Age in 1965 saying that the Capitol Theatre was 'the best cinema that was ever built or is ever likely to be built'. Guided tours take place on
Flinders Street Station
Architects: JW Fawcett and HPC Ashworth
Completed: 1910
Location: Corner of Swanston and Flinders streets, Melbourne
This endlessly busy, large Edwardian structure is riddled with urban myths around its design. The most outlandish theory proclaims that the station was originally intended for Bombay, but that a jumble in a London mailhouse resulted in the plans being sent to Melbourne instead. Commuters disappear into and spill out of Flinders Street train station, while others huddle on the stairs beneath a line of clocks (it's a notorious meeting spot). Preserved in dusty neglect, a ballroom – which many Melbourne residents would love to see restored – is hidden somewhere above all the commuter traffic.
Federation Square
Architects: Lab Architecture Studio in association with Bates Smart
Completed: 2002/2003
Location: Flinders Street, Melbourne
Across from Flinders Street Station, Federation Square stands as a plateau distinct from the city proper. The clusters of shard-like buildings are the architectural debut of Lab Architecture and was designed it in association with Bates Smart Architects. Fed Square's most distinctive design feature is the façade system applied on most of its buildings, which utilises a new understanding of surface geometries. The architects devised a modular system of three cladding materials – zinc, glass and sandstone – which are fashioned into the form of five different triangular shapes of the same size and proportion. Since the Square's inception, the Melbourne public – from taxi drivers to architectural historians – has been engaged in a continuous debate on what constitutes good architecture.
State Theatre and Hamer Hall
Architects: Roy Grounds, Peter McIntyre and Bob Sturrock (Spire)
Completed: 1984 (Arts Centre), 1982 (Hamer Hall), 1996 (Spire redevelopment)
Location: 100 St Kilda Road, Melbourne
Once you cross the Yarra via Princes Bridge, you enter Melbourne city's arts precinct. The squat, bunker-like architecture of the theatre and concert complex creates a sharp contrast to its distant European neo-classical cousins. The Spire that rises above it, a Melbourne landmark, including the gold-coloured webbing around its lower section, simulates the folds of a ballerina's tutu. Current and future development of the arts precinct will eventually link the State Theatre, Hamer Hall and National Gallery of Victoria (NGV) along a redefined axis towards the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art (ACCA) on Sturt Street.
The National Gallery of Victoria
Architects: Roy Grounds, Mario Bellini & Metier3 (redevelopment)
Completed: 1968 (original building), 2003 (redevelopment)
Location: 180 St Kilda Road, Melbourne
The National Gallery of Victoria (NGV) was also originally designed by architect Roy Grounds who – upon splitting with his partners – retained the commission that the firm had won in 1959. The building – with renovations by Mario Bellini in association with Metier3 – is a bluestone box with a canted lid with a arched entry. An outline of the façade could be sketched with just a few lines, and its austere block-work recalls the (nearby) Shrine of Remembrance's monumental distribution of stone. Hidden inside, beyond the foyer the great hall features a ceiling of stained glass in kaleidoscopic abstract patterns conceived by the Australian artist Leonard French.
The Melbourne Theatre Company (MTC) and Recital Centre
Architects: Ashton Raggatt McDougall
Completed: 2009
Location: Corner Southbank Boulevard and Sturt Street, Southbank
This complex is described by its architects as 'non-identical Siamese twins' because they are co-located but each expresses a different architectural identity. What the two venues share is a love of the nighttime, when theatre-goers and music appreciators venture out. The twins, in particular the glowing white lines that trace their network of parallax optical effects across the MTC, are therefore best viewed at night. Each venue has its own discrete foyer within which nooks and crannies offer several opportunities for a pre-event rendezvous.
Victorian College of the Arts and Music (VCAM) School of Drama
Architects: Edmond and Corrigan
Completed: 2002
Location: 28 Dodds Street, Southbank
Suitably adjacent to the new MTC stands the Victorian College of the Arts and Music (VCAM) School of Drama. Wedged into a street frontage that is increasingly dedicating itself to the performing arts, the School hides behind a façade that acts like a layered mask. In the 1970s Corrigan studied in the US and was influenced by the work of Robert Venturi. An interest in the Australian variety of the ugly and the ordinary, a celebration of the suburban vernacular, together with the elevation of the decorated shed, are all at play here.
Centre for Ideas
Architects: Minifie Nixon
Completed: 2004
Location: VCAM Campus, 234 St Kilda Rd, Southbank
Somewhat off the beaten track, the Centre for Ideas emerges unexpectedly like a remarkable backyard folly. Architect Paul Minifie suggests that the inspiration for the generation of the Centre for Ideas project was derived from a chance encounter with an article examining Jonathan Kellen's dust diagrams. This became the point of formal departure, combined with an algorithmic process derived from a Voronoi tessellation. The dimpled reflectivity of the cladding covers shallow cone sections that culminate towards the interior of the building as window orifices or chrome hub-caps.
Australian Centre for Contemporary Art (ACCA)
Architects: Wood Marsh Architecture
Completed: 2002
Location: 111 Sturt Street, Southbank
A further detour from the axis of St Kilda Road leads you to the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art (ACCA). The ACCA complex stands like the great red rock of Uluru in the midst of its own desert, where the infamous sculpture Vault – better known as the 'Yellow Peril' – has also found its final resting place. The building is covered with massive panels dusted with a patina of rubicund rust and is – unbeknownst to many – suspended over a freeway bridge. At first it appears that the rusted hull is impervious, but discreet openings fold out of the rough skin allowing entry.
The Shrine of Remembrance
Architects: Phillip Hudson and James Wardrop (original building), Ashton Raggatt McDougall (visitor centre)
Completed: 1934, 1954 (forecourt), 2003 (visitor centre)
Location: Domain, St Kilda Rd, Melbourne
Looming paternally across the city, stands the monumental Shrine of Remembrance. Each year on Remembrance Day on 11 November at exactly 11am, the word 'love', etched in marble, begins to glow as the sunrays fall through an opening in the Shrine's apex, which is modelled on an Aztec-inspired stepped pyramid. The Shrine was designed by two returned soldier architects to commemorate the First World War, with the forecourt added after the Second World War. Recently, a purpose-built Visitors Centre was added. Known as 'the undercroft', it is visible from the forecourt as two stone pavilions flanking the mound to the Shrine's east-facing side. The 2003 winner of the highest architectural prize in Victoria, the development was commended for its successful intervention with heritage architecture.
Content: The Melbourne Design Guide
Swanston Street & St Kilda Road
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Lourdes is more than a great place to work...
Come be a part of our tradition of caring!
We have been fortunate in attracting talented, dedicated, and caring employees at all levels of our organization. Lourdes strives to afford employees the opportunity for creativity, continued education, and incentives to innovate.
In this service, we truly believe that the medical staff is a valued partner and that each employee's contribution plays a valuable and important role in achieving the quality care provided by our organization.
When you join us at Lourdes you'll become part of a team that prizes not only your professional talents, but your personal compassion as well. There is something unique in how we go about what we do. And, we hope that it may inspire you to join our team.
Take a few moments to browse our current job openings, learn about opportunities for young people at Lourdes, and why Lourdes is a great place to work. To join our talent network, CLICK HERE.
PLEASE NOTE: there may be compatibility issues with certain mobile devices, such as Smart Phones and Apple Products. For improved usability, we recommend utilizing a personal computer with Windows Internet Explorer 8 to search and apply for career opportunities. We apologize for any inconvenience and appreciate your patience as we work to improve our system compatibility with mobile devices.
Windows 8 or Internet Explorer 10: For applicants accessing our Career Website through Windows 8 or Internet Explorer 10, please update your Compatibility View by taking the following steps:
- Locate the Compatibility View button that appears next to the Address bar. (If you do not see the button, there is no need to turn on Compatibility View).
- Click the Compatibility View button to display the site in Compatibility View.
Once you turn on Compatibility View, Internet Explorer will automatically show this site in compatibility View each time you visit. You can turn if off by clicking the Compatibility View button.


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Wednesday, 7 April 2010
Rhubarb, Apple, Ginger and Oatmeal crumble
Another recipe from Percy's, by Tina Bricknell Webb. But adapted by me. This is an excellent crumble. I used rhubarb and apple for this, even though the recipe just called for rhubarb because I had some cooking apples around - and it worked as well as rhubarb and apple crumble tends to.
This is the recipe as I did it, not as it is in the book, because I didn't want to make a crumble for 6-8 people. Giles doesn't eat puddings - and I shouldn't be, so making a giant one was really out of the question.
I usually take practice puddings round to my mum's house, because there are always so many people there, but it's got to a point where she's asked me not to because she's worried it's going to give my father diabetes.
So here we go - makes enough for 4. I'm sorry about the inexact measurements but, really, it's quite hard to get wrong. Just trust your instincts. The exact and original recipe can be found on p.162 of Percy's.
About three sticks of rhubarb, diced
1 large cooking apple, diced
some caster sugar
some soft brown sugar
a thumb-sized knob of ginger, grated
2 large handfuls of oats
about 50g flour
75g butter
1 Turn the oven on to 180 and butter your crumble dish
2 Put the diced rhubarb, apple and ginger into a mixing bowl and sprinkle over some sugar - about one heaped tablespoon. You don't want this oversweet, just to take the sting out of the rhubarb. Mix round with your hands
3 Put the butter, a large handful of soft brown sugar (about 3-4 oz), 50g flour and some salt if you fancy it, into a food processor and whizz until the mixture is a fine crumb. Add the handfuls of oats and pulse the processor just so the oats are smashed up a bit, not totally obliterated.
4 Put the fruit in the bottom of the crumble dish and then pack the crumble topping in really well. If you've got a bit too much, just press harder and ram it all in - the rammed-ness really makes it crisp up and go yummy and the topping is a bit like flapjack.
5 Put it in the oven for 1 hour. I know that sounds like a long time but that's how long it takes.
So divine that in the end even Giles ate a bit and said it was nice.
p.s. In light of Christy's comment about the crumble ending up too dry, I feel I ought to add Tina BW's exact proportions for the crumble topping, which are, for a base of 900g of rhubarb:
160g soft brown sugar
120g self-raising flour
5g ground ginger
100g oats
150g butter, chilled
5g ground cardamom
5 comments:
ok..done all of that. how long do i cook it for? See I follow recipes completely slavishly so there is no real room for improvisation or guesswork, else I start to panic! ThanksReplyDelete
Thanks so much for pointing that out, Christy -I've changed it. xxxxReplyDelete
delicious bottom, so to speak. I think I maybe put too much of the "crumble" on the top and it rather soaked everything up. What was doubly annoying was that this proved my wife right who was tutting over my shoulder(helpfully...) the whole while saying things like 'that won't work".ReplyDelete
When you say "soaked everything up" - could you expand? Was the crumble actually dry?ReplyDelete
yes it was - a bit crusty. The fruit was great but I think I should have made more fruit and less crumble. The oats/crumble mixture seemed to form a relatively weatherproof topping.ReplyDelete


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Pansy Cocktail.
2 Dashes Angostura Bitters.
6 Dashes Grenadine. (2 barspoons homemade Grenadine)
1 Liqueur Glass Absinthe. (1 1/2 oz Kubler Absinthe)
Shake well and strain into cocktail glass.
Wow, is that not a menacing, muddy, brown-ish red color?
"Oh yeah, if you can't drink this, you're a pansy!" is about all I can think regarding the name, as there is a sort of disconnect between a shot of slightly sweetened and chilled Absinthe and the word, "Pansy".
With a good, long, hard shake, this isn't, strictly speaking, awful. In the end, probably not all that dissimilar to a shot of Jägermeister. Still, there are probably better ways to use all of the ingredients here, at least if quality cocktails is your goal, and not simply getting drunk.
This post is one in a series documenting my ongoing effort to make all of the cocktails in the Savoy Cocktail Book, starting at the first, Abbey, and ending at the last, Zed.


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Cosmetic Surgery Continues to Grow in 2013
March 15th, 2014 Miguel A. Delgado Jr, MD
San Francisco, California-The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) has reported their statistics for cosmetic and reconstructive surgery for 2013. Each year the report comes out around the end of February after the numbers have been tabulated from the Board Certified Members. It is interesting to see which procedures are the most popular and how they compare to previous years.
ASPS reported that breast augmentation is once again the number one cosmetic plastic surgery procedure; it even increased over 2012. It is interesting to note that there has been a 37% increase for breast augmentation surgery since the year 2000, and the number one procedure since 2006 when it surpassed liposuction. It is not known why there was an increase for 2013, but it is believed that it may be due to new technology and approval by the FDA of form stable breast implants. Form stable implants are teardrop shaped silicone implants, also known as the "gummy bear" implant.
Taking a look at surgery trends over the last seven years (after breast augmentation), the number two procedure has been nose reshaping every year, except 2007 when it was liposuction. The third and fourth positions are fairly equal between liposuction and eyelid surgery. Fifth position had been tummy tuck surgery for six years and then for the last two years facelift surgery surpassed tummy tuck surgery taking the number five spot.
Patients have an increasing desire to look and feel their best, many come to their plastic surgeons complaining how they appear on Skype and Face Time on their phone. It is believed that competition in the work force is also a factor that has lead to an increase in all facial procedures.
In addition to cosmetic surgical procedures, the minimally invasive procedures have seen quite an increase for 2013. Botox remains in the number one position with an increase of 3% over 2012, with an amazing overall increase of 700% since 2000. The soft tissue fillers have seen an increase of 13% over 2012.
ASPS predicts that cosmetic surgical procedures will continue to see steady growth in the coming years, and especially the newer non-invasive body sculpting, (such as CoolSculpting), will see a dramatic increase.
Dr. Delgado is an expert in his field of cosmetic plastic surgery and has been since 1988, serving the greater San Francisco Bay Area, including San Jose and Sacramento.
Call(415) 898-4161 or email today, for a consultation for facial and/or body rejuvenation.


text:
Word or phrase
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