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The number of S corporationscorporations with no more than 100 shareholders that meet certain other requirementshas grown steadily in recent years, reaching around 4 million with over $400 billion in total net income. S corporation status provides liability protection to shareholders.
S corporations' income gains and losses "pass through" to shareholders who are to report these passed-through amounts on their individual income tax returns. Shareholders are allowed to claim S corporation pass-through losses up to the amount of their basis in an S corporation (value of their investment). Shareholders are to track basis changes, which can arise from their actions, like new investments in the corporation, or S corporation actions, like reinvesting profits.
S corporations can pay shareholders wages and make nonwage distributions, like dividends, but employment taxation only applies to the wages. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) requires S corporations to pay reasonable wages to shareholders who perform services, and if they do not, employment taxes can be improperly avoided.
According to IRS's most recent research, for tax years 2003 and 2004, 68 percent of S corporation returns misreported net income. As a result, S corporations passed through an estimated $85 billion less taxable income to their shareholders than should have occurred. IRS's research did not cover how the shareholders treated this misreported S corporation income on their individual tax returns. However, applying the lowest individual income tax rate of 10 percent to this S corporation misreported amount suggests that S corporation shareholders could have underpaid their income taxes by $8.5 billion over those 2 years. IRS does not know the reasons for this misreporting, which could be intentional attempts to improperly lower tax liability for individual shareholders or unintentional errors due to confusion over what to report.
Shareholders of S corporations are required to track their basis, but have made mistakes in that area. For fiscal years 2006 through 2008, IRS examiners found that shareholders, on average, claimed about $21,600 in losses that exceeded their basis in the S corporation. These overclaimed losses could reduce taxes on the taxpayers' other income. IRS views basis as a common issue on shareholder returns. In particular, shareholders of new S corporations are less likely to understand the requirement to track and calculate basis. One factor contributing to basis noncompliance is that S corporations are not required to calculate shareholder basis and report it to shareholders and IRS, even though S corporations have information that shareholders could use to calculate basis. In addition, IRS does not send new S corporations and their shareholders information alerting them to the necessary record-keeping requirements
Unlike other businesses, S corporations can improperly lower employment tax liabilities by paying shareholders who perform services less in wages and more through other means, like profit distributions. For tax years 2003 and 2004, IRS estimated that 13 percent of S corporations underpaid a net of $23.6 billion in wages. To illustrate the potential loss of revenue to the government, applying the maximum Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax rate of 15.3 percent to the net underpayment amount roughly equates to $3 billion in employment tax losses. The vagueness of federal tax law as well as IRS and Department of the Treasury guidance on determining adequate shareholder wages make employment tax evasion difficult to control. Nearly all of the stakeholder representatives GAO interviewed indicated that having clear and specific IRS guidance would be helpful for taxpayers and preparers. IRS has some training materials for its examiners that go beyond published guidance, but those materials are not available for S corporations.
IRS examinations of S corporations' wage payments could be more effective. In the sample that GAO reviewed, when IRS examiners used tools like Bureau of Labor Statistics data on compensation, they tended to more frequently identify underpayment of wage income. IRS does not require use of such tools nor does IRS require its examiners to document the analysis done to support their compensation determinations or why an analysis was not done.
Paid preparers had little impact on S corporation compliance as the overall misreporting rate was about the same whether or not an S corporation used a paid preparer. Some stakeholders GAO interviewed thought some preparers lacked the expertise needed to address S corporation tax issues. IRS has begun regulating all paid tax return preparers and could begin requiring preparers to pass competency examinations. This may be a way to improve preparers' ability to adequately handle S corporation returns.
As GAO reported in December 2009, to improve basis compliance, Congress could require S corporations to use information already available to them to calculate shareholders' basis as completely as possible and report it to shareholders and IRS.
Furthermore, GAO recommended in December 2009 that IRS require examiners to document their compensation analyses and their use of comparable salary data when determining adequate shareholder compensation. IRS took steps by publishing an article in August 2010 reminding examiners of the importance of addressing adequate shareholder compensation and the need to document such analysis.
As of December 2010, IRS is considering or taking action on other recommendations included in GAO's December 2009 report, but none of them have been implemented. GAO recommended that IRS should evaluate options for improving paid tax return preparer performance, send additional guidance on S corporation requirements such as on basis calculations and adequate wage determinations to new S corporations, and provide more guidance to shareholders and tax preparers on determining adequate shareholder compensation. The effect of implementations should be improved tax compliance by S corporations and their shareholders. Although an estimate of potential revenue increases from improved compliance is not available, a small decrease in the billions of dollars of income and wage underreporting could increase tax revenues by hundreds of millions of dollars each year.
The information contained in this analysis is based on the related GAO product listed under the "Related GAO Products" tab.
For additional information about this area, contact James R. White at (202) 512-9110 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
S corporations are one of the fastest growing business types, accounting for nearly 4 million businesses in 2006. However, long-standing problems with S corporation compliance produce revenue losses in individual income taxes and employment taxes. GAO was asked to (1) describe the reasons businesses choose to become S corporations, (2) analyze types of S corporation noncompliance, what IRS has don...


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Castlegregory Christmas Evening
Read about what is happening in our vibrant community - visitors are welcome to join in our local activities and events!
Our Information Booklet is packed with interesting facts and information about the local area. Get your copy in the information centre today
We found the Castlegregory Booklet invaluable for our recent visit to the area. There is so much to do and see and the booklet gave us some great ideas... Mr H.Roberts, North Wales.

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viva la ben wrote:bigkam wrote:WTH happened to Stan Savran's head? Where have I been???
It looks like zombie makeup WTF?!
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Do I hurt juju if I take the under?
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Vicki loves the laid back lifestyle that comes with living in the North Georgia mountains. She is an avid reader, enjoys writing, travel, music, concerts, and photography. She spends her free time hanging out with her adventurous 13 year old son, book writing husband, and high maintenance black lab, Gracie Lou Who!
Writing, photography, marketing
Vicki holds the position of writer for a National Jimmy Buffett column for an online news organization. This national column features articles on music, charity events, interviews with bands, and activities in the Parrot Head World.
Vicki is an experienced travel writer and currently maintains 25 vacation/visitor websites for the resort town of Hilton Head Island, SC. She also maintains 5 travel related Facebook pages for Charleston, SC, Outer Banks, NC, Savannah, GA, Virginia Beach, and Daytona Beach, FL. She is proficient in producing web content,taking photos, writing articles, designing newsletters, and writing press releases for the travel/vacation industry.
Vicki is proficient at writing product descriptions, web site content for a variety of different types of businesses, press releases, and marketing statements for a wide variety of consumer goods and services.
Vicki is an avid traveler and island explorer. She has traveled to the Caribbean for photos shoots and to write about these islands. In addition, she maintains a photography web site of photos and 25 websites for the travel and tourism industry for vacation destinations in the US and Caribbean.
Vicki has written web site content for various types of doctors and the healthcare field in general. Much experience in writing description of services offered, products, "About Us"pages and more for a variety of marketing materials, websites, and ads.
Vicki has written various product descriptions for new websites that feature clothing for sale including item description, marketing statement and clothing features. She is also familiar with merchant statements and descriptions for websites.
Vicki is experienced in writing about the charity and non profit events hosted by the nation's 200+ Parrot Head Clubs including Relay for Life, Children's Miracle Network, and many, many more.
Vicki writes the National Chef Robert Irvine column for an online new website. The column shines a spotlight on Food Network Chef Robert Irvine and his many televisions shows, appearances, and restaurants that he has. Chef Irvine is aware of the column, has made contact with Vicki, and is a contributor for the column.
Vicki has produced media events in NYC for companies to pitch their green products to the media for consideration of publication in consumer magazines. She has extensive experience writing copy, product descriptions, and press releases for green products and businesses.
Vicki maintains a blog featuring the articles/writing of her columns for a national online news website.She also currently maintains travel blogs for 25 websites for the vacation and tourism industry and is experienced with a light, easy, conversational tone for appealing to the masses.
Vicki is experienced in writing various types of articles including promotional, journalistic, lifestyle, travel, healthcare, and more. She has a flexible writing style and can adapt to any tone needed for articles. She also brings much experience in conversational tone for websites, articles, and marketing pieces.
Vicki has experience writing copy for websites and magazines on a variety of subjects. She also has extensive experience in writing for the travel and tourism industry via marketing pieces, web content, blogs, advertorials, articles, social media posts, and more.
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Monday, 20 September 2010
Buzzard 61 Spotted in Sutherland!
If you do spot any birds with wing tags or rings then please do let us know, this helps us to keep track of all the birds that were born and fledged in the Aberfoyle area.
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While exploring Common LISP, and Scheme, I became curious about the original MIT Lisp machines and their Symbolics, Lisp Machines Inc. and TI progeny. I would like to run a virtual machine of their original OS/environment or any of it's progeny. I suspect I will continue to use SBCL and Emacs/SLIME as my main tools but would like to explore their grandfather, so to speak. I know some folks have attempted to run these LISP OSes as a VM within a Linux VM, but the setup seems very convoluted, and often relies on a very old and very specific Linux distro.
Has anybody managed to package any of the LISP machines (I am OK with any of them), in a relatively painless VMWare or VirtualBox VM? In other words, is there an "off the shelf" Lisp Machine VM somewhere out there?


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On Monday March 22, Manuel Márquez-Sterling will deliver a talk in Orlando Florida on his book, Cuba 1952-1959: The True Story of Castro's Rise to Power. The talk will be followed by a question and answer session and book signing.
The book presentation is sponsored by Herencia/Cuban Cultural Heritage and the University of Central Florida's Office of Internationalization. It will be held on 22-March 2010 at the University of Central Florida's Ying Academy Center, 36 W Pine St. Suite 106, Orlando, FL. 32801-2612. The program runs 6:00 to 8:00 pm.
For reservations and other event information please contact Herencia/Cuban Cultural Heritage at: (305) 443-1522.
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Cuba 1952-1959 Book Presentation in Orlando (3/22)
Posted by RR Aranda at 3/10/2010 0 comments
Labels: Book events, Cuba history, xmms
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What is Wah Dojo?
The Kyokushin Wah School of Karate was founded in 1992 by Sensei Wah. Long before that, and for over more than 20 years sensei Wah has dedicated himself to teaching countless students. It is because of this dedication that the school has flourished and became a community for people of all ages to meet and learn about the Karate way. The Karate Way is not a myth, and its questions are answered, and path unfolds on a daily basis within the walls of the Kyokushin Wah Dojo, to whoever has made the effort and has had the interest in taking that first step.
Like Mas Oyama said: "One becomes a beginner after one thousand days of training, and an expert after ten thousand days of training".
Where do I go from here?
Please feel free to explore our site. You can use the navigation bar at the top, or click on one of the links below and begin your discovery of the kyokushin style of karate. Have fun, stay in shape, and PRACTICE!


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Where is the Lounge?
Where is the Lounge? 6 College Street Sydney NSW 2010 - Late night openings at the Australian Museum, Tuesday 5:30pm - 9:30pm.
Last Tuesday we had the Opening Night of the museums special summer event "Jurassic Lounge".
The night was a huge success with a massive crowd scattered over every floor of the museum. Talking with one of the staff last week the best question of the night was "Where is the Jurassic Lounge?" Maybe for this week's event we need to invest in a lounge made entirely of bones. Would make for a great nights sitting...
This week we have another massive line-up of acts and activities, I am particularly excited for the silent disco with DJ CUNNINGPANTS (SNATCH & GRAB DJS).
So if you and your people want in on the action doors open Tuesday 5:30pm & close 9:30pm, plenty of time to get your grove, culture and inner-nerd on. Also, last week I touched a snake it was a memorable experience.
Getting to the event is easy, more info Location & Transport page, tickets are available at the door!
UPDATE: Visit www.jurassiclounge.com for the latest information on these spectacular nights.


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Music Website Templates
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Music your passion? In charge of your band's website? Are you Country, Hip-Hop, Rap, Rock, Metal, Blues, Jazz, R&B, or an entirely new genre looking to break out? Keep making awesome music and stop toying around with your website, put one of these Music website templates on your team! Even if you just want to show off your instruments, or share your knowledge of music with the world, there's website templates here for you.
Our Music Website templates are premade web designs that can be used as a starting point for an internet website. The majority of these music templates consist of HTML and static images. Some of these music templates may use Adobe Flash in the headers, but all of the templates will have a non-Flash version included. The templates are completely customizable and ready for immediate download once purchased.


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Achieve with us.®
Home ... Find a Chapter ... Chapters in Washington DC
The Arc of the District of Columbia, Inc.1825 K Street NW Suite 1200 Washington, D.C. 20006Website: www.arcdc.netPhone: (202) 636-2950Email: email@example.com #: 50
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Looking for a motor.
Hey guys, I'm wondering if anybody has any info on what type of motor will fit my 82 cb650. I would like something with a little power that could be easily fit onto my frame? Is there a place that I can buy a crate motor for this bike? Thanks for the help, I really appreciate it.
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All you need to run your pharmacy dispensing business efficiently
Help provide the best service for your patients with our range of support materials.
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County students sweep competition at engineering expo
At the University of Kansas Engineering Expo Thursday in Lawrence, area students competed and earned recognition for their skills.
Friday, elementary students competed in the Mindstorms robot challenge. The Goessel elementary team of Logan Sterk, Logan Webster, and Caiden Duerksen placed first, followed by Macy Sigel of Marion in second. The Goessel team of Alyssa Boden and Annalise Miller placed third.
The Marion Middle School team of Colin Williams, Christian Becker, and Kylie Dixon also competed in the robot challenge.
Laura Savage from Marion won the egg-drop competition, and students from Marion and Peabody-Burns competed in the water rocket competition.
Marion chess club
Wildcat Chess Club at Marion Middle School will compete at a tournament in Hillsboro Saturday. Drew Helmer, Devin Hamm, Christian Becker, and Larry Ziemmermann have all qualified for state competition March 8 at KU.
Emporia State regional science fair
Goessel High School freshman Lanna Wagner placed first Saturday in the bio-medical/health category of Emporia State University's regional science fair.
Her experiment, called "So you think you can wash?" also placed second overall in her division. She will take her experiment to state competition April 4 and April 5 at Century II in Wichita.


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Missouri Target Industry Competency Model
Life Science
Access to skilled workers is one of the foremost criteria that companies and site selectors consider when locating and expanding business in Missouri. The ability to show companies an available and sustainable pipeline of skilled workers continues to be the difference in Missouri's ability to turn economic development assets into family supporting job opportunities. To support these efforts the research arm of the Department of Economic Development, the Missouri Economic Research and Information Center (MERIC), has embarked on a project to bring together the appropriate state and local individuals to align education and workforce programs with the future talent development needs of companies.
Missouri Target Industry Life Science Competency Model
Full PDF (3.9 MB)
Part 1 - Executive Summary (286 KB)
Part 2 - Competency Model (366 KB)
Part 3 - Competency (TIERS) (621 KB)
Part 4 - Policy Recommendations (297)


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Atherosclerosis is hardening of the arteries, a common disease of the major blood vessels characterized by fatty streaks along the vessel walls and by deposits of cholesterol and calcium.
Atherosclerosis of arteries supplying the heart is called coronary artery disease. It can restrict the flow of blood to the heart, which often triggers heart attacks—the leading cause of death in Americans and Europeans. Atherosclerosis of arteries supplying the legs causes a condition called intermittent claudication, which is characterized by pain in the legs after walking short distances.
People with elevated cholesterol levels are much more likely to have atherosclerosis than people with low cholesterol levels. Many important nutritional approaches to protecting against atherosclerosis are aimed at lowering serum cholesterol levels.
People with diabetes are also at very high risk for atherosclerosis, as are people with elevated triglycerides and high homocysteine.
What are the symptoms of atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is typically a silent disease until one of the many late-stage vascular manifestations intervenes. Some people with atherosclerosis may experience angina (chest pain) or intermittent claudication (leg cramps and pain) on exertion. Symptoms such as these develop gradually as the disease progresses.
Dietary changes that may be helpful for atherosclerosis
The most important dietary changes in protecting arteries from atherosclerosis include avoiding meat and dairy fat and avoiding foods that contain trans fatty acids (margarine, some vegetable oils, and many processed foods containing vegetable oils). Increasingly, the importance of avoiding trans fatty acids is being accepted by the scientific community.1 Leading researchers have recently begun to view the evidence linking trans fatty acids to markers for heart disease as "unequivocal."2
People who eat diets high in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is found in canola and flaxseed oils, have higher blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids than those consuming lower amounts,3 4 which may confer some protection against atherosclerosis. In 1994, researchers conducted a study in people with a history of heart disease, using what they called the "Mediterranean" diet.5 The diet differed significantly from what people from Mediterranean countries actually eat, in that it contained little olive oil. Instead, the diet included a special margarine high in ALA. Those people assigned to the Mediterranean diet had a remarkable 70% reduced risk of dying from heart disease compared with the control group during the first 27 months. Similar results were also confirmed after almost four years.6 The diet was high in beans and peas, fish, fruit, vegetables, bread, and cereals, and low in meat, dairy fat, and eggs. Although the authors believe that the high ALA content of the diet was partly responsible for the surprising outcome, other aspects of the diet may have been partly or even totally responsible for decreased death rates. Therefore, the success of the Mediterranean diet does not prove that ALA protects against heart disease.7
A systematic review of 20 years of research evaluated the association between dietary fiber and coronary heart disease.8 The meta-analysis portion of this review showed that regular whole grain foods are associated with a coronary heart disease risk reduction of about 26%. In general, the fibers most linked to the reduction of cholesterol levels are found in oats, psyllium seeds, fruit (pectin) and beans (guar gum).9 An analysis of many soluble fiber trials proves that a cholesterol lowering effect exists, but the amount the cholesterol falls is quite modest.10 For unknown reasons, however, diets higher in insoluble fiber (found in whole grains and vegetables and mostly unrelated to cholesterol levels) have been reported to correlate better with protection against heart disease in both men and women.11 12 Some trials have used 20 grams of additional fiber per day for several months to successfully lower cholesterol.13
Independent of their action on serum cholesterol, foods that contain high amounts of cholesterol—mostly egg yolks—can induce atherosclerosis.14 It makes sense to reduce the intake of egg yolks. However, eating eggs does not increase serum cholesterol as much as eating saturated fat, and eggs may not increase serum cholesterol at all if the overall diet is low in fat. A decrease in atherosclerosis resulting from a pure vegetarian diet (no meat, poultry, dairy or eggs), combined with exercise and stress reduction, has been proven by controlled medical research.15
Preliminary evidence has suggested that excessive salt consumption is a risk factor for heart disease and death from heart disease in overweight people.16 Controlled trials are needed to confirm these observations.
Eating a diet high in refined carbohydrates (e.g., white flour, white rice, simple sugars) appears to increase the risk of coronary heart disease, and thus of heart attacks, especially in overweight women.17 However, controlled trials of reducing refined carbohydrate intake to prevent heart disease have not been attempted to confirm these preliminary findings.
Lifestyle changes that may be helpful for atherosclerosis
Virtually all doctors acknowledge the abundant evidence that smoking is directly linked to atherosclerosis and heart disease.18 Quitting smoking protects many people from atherosclerosis and heart disease, and is a critical step in the process of disease prevention.19 20
Obesity,21 type A behavior (time conscious, impatient, and aggressive), stress,22 and sedentary lifestyle23 are all associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis; interventions designed to change these risk factors are linked to protection from this condition.24
Aggressive verbal or physical responses when angry have been consistently related to coronary atherosclerosis in numerous preliminary studies.25 26 27 A low level of social support, especially when combined with a high level of outwardly expressed anger has also been associated with accelerated progression of coronary atherosclerosis.28
Nutritional supplements that may be helpful for atherosclerosis
Tocotrienols may offer protection against atherosclerosis by preventing oxidative damage to LDL cholesterol.29 In a double-blind trial in people with severe atherosclerosis of the carotid artery—the main artery supplying blood to the head—tocotrienol administration (200 mg per day) reduced the level of lipid peroxides in the blood. Moreover, people receiving tocotrienols for 12 months had significantly more protection against atherosclerosis progression, and in some cases reductions in the size of their atherosclerotic plaques, compared with those taking a placebo.30
Supplementation with fish oil, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, has been associated with favorable changes in various risk factors for atherosclerosis and heart disease in some,31 32 33 34 35 36 but not all, studies.37 38 39 A double-blind trial showed that people with atherosclerosis who took fish oil (6 grams per day for 3 months and then 3 grams a day for 21 months) had significant regression of atherosclerotic plaques and a decrease in cardiovascular events (e.g., heart attack and stroke) compared with those who did not take fish oil.40 These results contradict the findings of an earlier controlled trial in which fish oil supplementation for two years (6 grams per day) did not promote major favorable changes in the diameter of atherosclerotic coronary arteries.41
In some studies, people who consumed more selenium in their diet had a lower risk of heart disease.42 43 In one double-blind report, people who had already had one heart attack were given 100 mcg of selenium per day or placebo for six months.44 At the end of the trial, there were four deaths from heart disease in the placebo group but none in the selenium group; however, the number of people was too small for this difference to be statistically significant. Some doctors recommend that people with atherosclerosis supplement with 100–200 mcg of selenium per day.
Experimentally increasing homocysteine levels in humans has led to temporary dysfunction of the cells lining blood vessels. Researchers are concerned this dysfunction may be linked to atherosclerosis and heart disease. Vitamin C has been reported in one controlled study to reverse the dysfunction caused by increases in homocysteine.45 Vitamin C also protects LDL.46
Despite the protective mechanisms attributed to vitamin C, some research has been unable to link vitamin C intake to protection against heart disease. These negative trials have mostly been conducted using people who consume 90 mg of vitamin C per day or more—a level beyond which further protection of LDL may not occur. Studies of people who eat foods containing lower amounts of vitamin C have been able to show a link between dietary vitamin C and protection from heart disease. Therefore, leading vitamin C researchers have begun to suggest that vitamin C may be important in preventing heart disease, but only up to 100–200 mg of intake per day.47 In a double-blind trial,48 supplementation with 250 mg of timed-release vitamin C twice daily for three years resulted in a 15% reduction in the progression of atherosclerosis, compared with placebo. Many doctors suggest that people take vitamin C—often 1 gram per day—despite the fact that research does not yet support levels higher than 500 mg per day.
Vitamin E is an antioxidant that serves to protect LDL from oxidative damage49 and has been linked to prevention of heart disease in double-blind research.50 Many doctors recommend 400–800 IU of vitamin E per day to lower the risk of atherosclerosis and heart attacks. However, some leading researchers suggest taking only 100–200 IU per day, as studies that have explored the long-term effects of different supplemental levels suggest no further benefit beyond that amount, and research reporting positive effects with 400–800 IU per day have not investigated the effects of lower intakes.51 In a double-blind trial, people with high cholesterol who took 136 IU of natural vitamin E per day for three years had 10% less progression of atherosclerosis compared with those taking placebo.52
Blood levels of an amino acid called homocysteine have been linked to atherosclerosis and heart disease in most research,53 54 though uncertainty remains about whether elevated homocysteine actually causes heart disease.55 56 Although some reports have found associations between homocysteine levels and dietary factors, such as coffee and protein intakes,57 evidence linking specific foods to homocysteine remains preliminary. Higher blood levels of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folic acid are associated with low levels of homocysteine58 and supplementing with these vitamins lowers homocysteine levels.59 60
While several trials have consistently shown that B6, B12, and folic acid lower homocysteine, the amounts used vary from study to study. Many doctors recommend 50 mg of vitamin B6, 100–300 mcg of vitamin B12, and 500–800 mcg of folic acid. Even researchers finding only inconsistent links between homocysteine and heart disease have acknowledged that a B vitamin might offer protection against heart disease independent of the homocysteine-lowering effect.61 In one trial, people with normal homocysteine levels had demonstrable reversal of atherosclerosis when supplementing B vitamins (2.5 mg folic acid, 25 mg vitamin B6, and 250 mcg of vitamin B12 per day).62
For the few cases in which vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folic acid fail to normalize homocysteine, adding 6 grams per day of betaine (trimethylglycine) may be effective.63 Of these four supplements, folic acid appears to be the most important.64 Attempts to lower homocysteine by simply changing the diet rather than by using vitamin supplements have not been successful.65
Quercetin, a flavonoid, protects LDL cholesterol from damage.66 While several preliminary studies have found that eating foods high in quercetin lowers the risk of heart disease,67 68 69 the research on this subject is not always consistent,70 and some research finds no protective link.71 Quercetin is found in apples, onions, black tea, and as a supplement. In some studies, dietary amounts linked to protection from heart disease are as low as 35 mg per day.
Though low levels (2 grams per day) of evening primrose oil appear to be without action,72 3–4 grams per day have lowered cholesterol in double-blind research.73 Lowering cholesterol levels should in turn reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.
Preliminary research shows that chondroitin sulfate may prevent atherosclerosis in animals and humans and may also prevent heart attacks in people who already have atherosclerosis.74 75 However, further research is needed to determine the value of chondroitin sulfate supplements for preventing or treating atherosclerosis.
Preliminary studies have found that people who drink red wine, which contains resveratrol, are at lower risk of death from heart disease. Because of its antioxidant activity and its effect on platelets, some researchers believe that resveratrol is the protective agent in red wine.76 77 78 Resveratrol research remains very preliminary, however, and as yet there is no evidence that the amounts found in supplements help prevent atherosclerosis in humans.
In 1992, a Finnish study found a strong link between unnecessary exposure to iron and increased risk for heart disease.79 Since then many studies have not found that link,80 81 82 though perhaps an equal number have been able to confirm the outcome of the original report.83 84 One 1999 analysis of 12 studies looking at iron status and heart disease found no overall relationship,85 though another 1999 analysis of published studies came to a different conclusion.86 While the effect of unnecessary exposure to iron, including iron supplements, on the risk of heart disease remains unclear, there is no benefit in supplementing iron in the absence of a diagnosed deficiency.
The carotenoid, lycopene, has been found to be low in the blood of people with atherosclerosis, particularly if they are smokers.87 Although no association between atherosclerosis and blood level of any other carotenoid (e.g., beta-carotene) was found, the results of this study suggested a protective role for lycopene. Lycopene is present in high amounts in tomatoes.
Are there any side effects or interactions with atherosclerosis?
Refer to the individual supplement for information about any side effects or interactions.
Herbs that may be helpful for atherosclerosis
Many actions associated with herbal supplements may help prevent or potentially alleviate atherosclerosis. Herbs such as garlic and ginkgo appear to directly affect the hardened arteries by multiple mechanisms. Herbs such as psyllium, guggul, and fenugreek reduce cholesterol and other lipid levels in the blood—known risk factors for hardened arteries. A related group are herbs, including green tea, prevents the oxidation of cholesterol, an important step in protecting against atherosclerosis. Finally, there are herbs such as ginger and turmeric that reduce excessive stickiness of platelets, thereby reducing atherosclerosis.
Garlic has been shown to prevent atherosclerosis in a four-year double-blind trial.88 The preparation used, standardized for 0.6% allicin content, provided 900 mg of standardized garlic powder per day. The people in this trial were 50 to 80 years old, and the benefits were most notable in women. This trial points to the long-term benefits of garlic to both prevent and possibly slow the progression of atherosclerosis in people at risk.
Garlic has also lowered cholesterol levels in double-blind research,89 though more recently, some double-blind trials have not found garlic to be effective.90 91 92 Some of the negative trials have flaws in their design.93 Nonetheless, the relationship between garlic and cholesterol-lowering is somewhat unclear.94
Garlic has also been shown to prevent excessive platelet adhesion in humans.95 Allicin, often considered the main active component of garlic, is not alone in this action. The constituent known as ajoene has also shown beneficial effects on platelets.96 Aged garlic extract, but not raw garlic, has been shown, to prevent oxidation of LDL cholesterol in humans,97 an event believed to be a significant factor in the development of atherosclerosis.
Ginkgo may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis by interfering with a chemical the body sometimes makes in excess, called platelet activating factor (PAF).98 PAF stimulates platelets to stick together too much; ginkgo stops this from happening. Ginkgo also increases blood circulation to the brain, arms, and legs.99
Garlic and ginkgo also decrease excessive blood coagulation. Both have been shown in double-blind100 and other controlled101 trials to decrease the overactive coagulation of blood that may contribute to atherosclerosis.
Guggul has been less extensively studied, but double-blind evidence suggests it can significantly improve cholesterol and triglyceride levels in people.102 Numerous medicinal plants and plant compounds have demonstrated an ability to protect LDL cholesterol from being damaged by free radicals. Garlic,103 ginkgo,104 and guggul105 are of particular note in this regard. Garlic and ginkgo have been most convincingly shown to protect LDL cholesterol in humans.
Several other herbs have been shown in research to lower lipid levels. Of these, psyllium has the most consistent backing from multiple double-blind trials showing lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels.106 The evidence supporting the ability of fenugreek to lower lipid levels is not as convincing, coming from preliminary studies only.107
Since oxidation of LDL cholesterol is thought to be important in causing or accelerating atherosclerosis, and green tea protects against oxidation, this herb may have a role in preventing atherosclerosis. However, while some studies show that green tea is an antioxidant in humans,108 others have not been able to confirm that it protects LDL cholesterol from damage.109 Much of the research documenting the health benefits of green tea is based on the amount of green tea typically drunk in Asian countries—about three cups per day (providing 240–320 mg of polyphenols).
The research on ginger's ability to reduce platelet stickiness indicates that 10 grams (approximately 1 heaping teaspoon) per day is the minimum necessary amount to be effective.110 Lower amounts of dry ginger,111 as well as various levels of fresh ginger,112 have not been shown to affect platelets.
Turmeric's active compound curcumin has shown potent anti-platelet activity in animal studies.113 It has also demonstrated this effect in preliminary human studies.114 In a similar vein, bilberry has been shown to prevent platelet aggregation115 as has peony.116 However, none of these three herbs has been documented to help atherosclerosis in human trials.
Butcher's broom and rosemary are not well studied as being circulatory stimulants but are traditionally reputed to have such an action that might impact atherosclerosis. While butcher's broom is useful for various diseases of veins, it also exerts effects that are protective for arteries.117
Are there any side effects or interactions with atherosclerosis?
Refer to the individual herb for information about any side effects or interactions.


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Gtmhub's Optimizely integration can automatically update the progress of your KPIs and OKRs feeding from Optimizely, which means you can view progress in real-time, every time.Get started here
We take the data from Optimizely and create beatiful insights based on it. Additionally Based on this data you can develop your own Insights
The insights are available on dashboards and each insight that contains a KPI can be attached to your Key results.
You set a target and the Key results gets updated automatically every day by the insight.


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An article by recent Hope graduate Shirley Bradley highlights the significance of her experience participating in undergraduate research at the college.
Her article "My Passion for Research" is featured in the September 2010 edition of "Enzymatic," the newsletter of the Undergraduate Affiliates Network of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Bradley, who notes that she was drawn to the college because of its strong reputation in the sciences and undergraduate research, calls undergraduate research "one of the most rewarding experiences of my life."
She reflects on her four years working in the laboratory of Dr. Maria Burnatowska-Hledin, who is the Frederich Garrett and Helen Floor Dekker Professor of Biology and Chemistry at Hope. She highlights her growth across her time with the research group, and concludes by describing the feeling of accomplishment that accompanies answering research questions; the benefits in attending regional and national scientific meetings; and the important guidance provided by her research mentor. She also discusses opportunities that she enjoyed beyond her academic and research experiences, and her commitment to giving back by sharing her experiences, such as through science demonstrations for students at her former middle and high school.
A member of the college's Class of 2010 who majored in biology and chemistry and minored in mathematics and political science, Bradley is now pursuing a doctorate in biochemistry and molecular biology at the Mayo Clinic. Her career goal is to become a research scientist investigating the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer.
The September 2010 newsletter featuring Bradley's article is available online as a pdf at http://www.asbmb.org/CareersAndEducation.aspx?id=1706. The article is on pages 4-6.


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Student performance in each course is reported using symbols and quality points.
Please click on a topic below to find additional information.
Student performance in each course is reported using symbols and quality points.
Only courses comparable to those given at Bucknell, which can be counted toward requirements for graduation, will be evaluated for transfer consideration.
Information about CLEP, FERPA, the Final Examination Policy, and academic scheduling for the current semester.
In addition to the general undergraduate degree requirements, departments have specific requirements for each major.
Diplomas are presented at commencement in May, and they are mailed to fall and summer graduates.
The Graduate Studies Office maintains information about general graduate degree requirements.
For information regarding graduation requirements, contact the Registrar's Office at 570.577.1201. If you want to know about Commencement events, please click the link above.
Provided by the Center for Career Development, the annual Postgraduate Report of Activity provides a snapshot of what our most recent Bucknell graduates are doing within their first year after graduation.
The following links are virtual breadcrumbs marking the 27 most recent pages you have visited in Bucknell.edu. If you want to remember a specific page forever click the pin in the top right corner and we will be sure not to replace it. Close this message.


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If you overdo adding vintage pieces to your decor, you'll look like the House of Kitsch.
Going retro has never been easier.
Whether you love 1950s space-age style, 1920s art deco or design from any bygone era, vintage furniture and home accessories are everywhere today.
Flea markets and antique shops are stocked with vintage treasures or trash, depending on your perspective. Yard sale season is in full swing, bringing
Naugahyde recliners and vintage Tupperware into the daylight after decades of slumber in attics and garages. And at a slew of websites, you can find real vintage pieces and endless reproductions.
But while it's simple to get your hands on decor from the past, it's more complicated to use it well.
"Doing retro right is all about balance," says designer Brian Patrick Flynn, founder of decordemon.com. "If you do everything from the same period, your space can become cliche or kitsch. What you mix retro with is what makes the space unique and updated."
We asked Flynn, L.A.-based interior designer Betsy Burnham and HGTV "Design Star" judge Genevieve Gorder for their favorite retro decorating techniques.
Less really is more
"If you're really into the '50s, don't do the Formica table, and the jukebox, and an old radio, and five other things," Burnham says. Instead, choose just one or two evocative pieces. "Not only is it more tasteful, but I think it's more effective."
For a client who collects toys and action figures from the '80s, Burnham designed built-in shelves and suggested displaying only part of the collection at one time. "We found a way to have it enhance the space, and not have the space dictated by it," she says.
Treasured retro pieces of furniture or art will be ignored if they're displayed with too many items from the same era. "You won't notice it until you have something to give it contrast," Gorder says, so mix favorite vintage items with contemporary pieces. "The juxtaposition between new and old is a beautiful conversation."
And don't be misled by books about retro design, Flynn says. "If you look in any design book, you're going to see a room that's all packed with things from a certain era," he says. "But it's meant as a reference," not as a template to be replicated.
Light the way
Beyond buying furniture from a given era, you can infuse your home with vintage flair or temper retro furnishings with contemporary style through strategic use of light, pattern, color and texture.
"George Nelson pendants are probably the most iconic form of mid-century pendant lighting, and they mix well with virtually anything," Flynn says. "Table lamps, especially chrome and ball 1970s style, add a nice element of postmodern sexiness to any room."
Burnham agrees: "Vintage lighting is fantastic," she says, but old lampshades should be replaced with fresh ones to "enhance your vintage stuff, make it beautiful again."
Like lighting, patterns and colors "can act as a bridge between yesterday and today," Flynn says. "Start off slow with accent pillows or draperies. If you get comfortable with that, move on to wallcovering. A great designer to turn to for geometrics is David Hicks. His prints are still in production today and just as popular now as they were in the 1970s."
In his own home, Flynn highlighted the house's mid-century architecture by using 1970s diamond-patterned wallpaper and Nelson pendent lights above the side tables, contrasted with a traditional bed. "The room has a definite retro appeal," he says, "but it doesn't feel forced or out-of-the-box."
He's also a fan of grasscloth, which can give walls a 1950s or 1970s vibe, and using contemporary color combinations in retro rooms (try black, gray and blue "with pops of Kelly green" for a "swanky, masculine and entertaining-savvy" look, Flynn says).
Respect the architecture
These designers agree that while your home's interior design doesn't have to evoke the same era as the exterior, there should be some connection.
"One of my rules is to really understand the architecture and give that value, and take it inside with the interior design," Burnham says. "But you don't have to be literal. My house was built in 1927, and obviously I don't want to have a Victorian interior. I keep it classic, with a twist."
With a mid-century home, the defining characteristics are a low-slung shape and clean lines. "It's about the lack of detail," Gorder says, "so I wouldn't go all Rococo with my interior pieces." But, she says, she might use bold vertical stripes to give the illusion that the rooms have more height.
Also consider the size of rooms and the practical uses of the space. For a living-room conversation area, a cluster of 1960s orb chairs might look cool, Gorder says, but what about the acoustics? Seating, whether it be a contemporary sofa or a pair of antique barber chairs, should help guests talk and connect.
Retro or repro?
Whether original or a reproduction, quality is what matters. Shopping online, it can be hard to determine whether a reproduction is well made or whether a vintage piece is in good condition. Be sure to ask questions.
Shopping for vintage originals can be tough. "It helps to educate yourself," Burnham says. "Do a little research ... (and) your shopping will be so much more effective."
The final tip? Have fun. These designers says retro decorating is about celebrating styles you love, even if that means just a bit too much kitsch.
Whatever era you prefer, Gorder says, "it's important that you please yourself, because it is the one environment you control."


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Car Video Interfaces, Video in Motion Adapters for NetworkNetwork:
You've got a splendid car with OEM monitor. However, you want to make it more comfortable by connecting DVD player, rear view camera or fully functional navigation, don't you?
Then our car video interfaces are exactly what you need.
|Car video interfaces allow you to connect external video devices (DVD player, navigation box, rear view camera) to OEM monitor.
Quickly pick a video interface.
|Adapters for connecting aftermarket rear and front view cameras to OEM car monitors. Some adapters also allow connecting additional video sources, such as DVD players or or Android TV boxes.
|Video in motion interfaces allow you to watch video on OEM monitor when the car is in motion.
|The category of accessories for video interfaces offers various connection cables and also spare parts for car video interfaces.
|Video signal converters transform video signals of various standards and formats. Can be used in the cars.
|Spare Parts for Video Interfaces. Cables, sub boards, remote controllers and other spare parts for video interfaces.


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Biological Safety Cabinet Class II LBSC-202
Labocon Biological Safety Cabinet Class II Type A2 LBSC-200 Series is designed with inward air flow velocity (0.55m/s) for personnel protection, HEPA- filtered laminar airflow for product protection and HEPA-filtered exhausted air for environmental protection. It is suitable for microbiological research in the absence of volatile or toxic chemicals and radionuclide, since air is recirculated within the work area.
|Class II, Type A2
|Chamber Material
|Cold-rolled steel coated with anti-bacteria powder coating
|HEPA Filter
|HEPA Filter Efficiency
|99.999% efficiency at 0.3 µm
|Air Flow System
|70% Air Recirculation, 30% Air Exhaust
|Inflow Air Velocity
|0.53 ± 0.025 m/s (105 lfpm)
|Down Flow Air Velocity
|0.33 ± 0.025 m/s (70 lfpm)
|Inflow Air Flow Volume
|420 m3/h
|Down Flow Air Flow Volume
|772 m3/h
|Exhaust Air Flow Volume
|420 m3/h
|Minimum Face Velocity
|75 linear feet per minute (lfpm)
|Clean Level
|Class 100
|Tested Opening
|Safety Height ≤ 200 mm
|Max Opening
|400 mm
|Noise Level
|≤ 58dB(A) - ≤65dB(A)
|800 Lux
|UV Lamp
|Fluorescent Lamp
|Control System
|Work Surface Height
|750 mm
|Front Window
|Water & Gas Tap
|Water Tapx1, Gas Tapx1 (Optional)
|Filter Guard Type
|Aluminium Alloy Frame
|Ground Resistance
|Universal Wheel with brake and levelling feet
|Standard Accessory
|Fluorescent Lamp, UV Lampx2, Remote Control, Foot Switch, Drain Valve, Waterproof Sockets, Base Stand
|Inner Dimension
|1100×600×660 mm
|Overall Dimension
|1300×850×2200 mm
|Power Supply
|240 V, 60 Hz
|305 kg
|Catalog No.
Labocon Biological Safety Cabinet Class II isdesigned to meet diverse applications in life science, clinical, microbiology, genetics, plant and animal cell culture, molecular biology, pharmaceutical and industrial laboratory.
• Two-layered marinated toughened glass (≥5mm) motorized front window
• Negative air pressure provides personnel protection by constant movement of air in working area
• Remote control operation including front sash movement and fan speed control
• Motored front window with timer function
• Digital VFD display for easy monitoring of all parameters
• Emission of 253.7 nm for highly efficient decontamination
• Foot switch to adjust the height of the front window
• 2 waterproof sockets located in side panel
• Air speed adjustable by control panel
• Collecting tank (4000 ml) collects spatters of working area without any leakage
• Intrinsic sterilization is achieved after activating cabinet for 30 min via UV timing
• Air drawn into the cabinet through air grill
• Filter Life Indicator: Pressure value displayed to show life utility of main filter
• Stainless Steel 304 table for operation
• Low noise and high energy efficiency for operational cost savings
• Interlock function: UV lamp and front window, UV lamp and blower, fluorescent lamp, blower and front window
• Audio and visual alarm for filter replacement, front window over height and abnormal airflow
• Airflow Tester
• Infrared Sterilizer
• Formalin Fumigation Sterilizer
• Armrest


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I believe you stated earlier that you only shape for yourself? Or do you make boards for others? I like the sound of some of your ideas to build a board strong enough, yet still remaining conscious of weight, flex and performance.
Curious Was the rusty a tufflite or no?
I believe it was, but I brought it to the repair guy, so do not have access to it. This board did seem to stand up well to my riding style, I am just having some trouble getting the repair to hold up.
Looking at your board selection you're primarily riding SURF surfboards. Which aren't designed for impact AT ALL.
(excluding the SS board)
Most kite surfboards are WAY more reinforced for impact but are often times heavier than sin.
I agree and accept breaking boards is the price for light weight and flex.
As for the SS celeritas, it is a poorly designed board. They put a reinforcement square under the front foot under the bamboo, and naturally it broke along the front edge of the reinforced area. This board was ridden lightly and has no other mark or dent, other than the failure of the top deck and bamboo.
There is a local shaper I am working with on a board, but my board is his first attempt at a strapless kiteboard. Both of us are aware that there might be a brutal learning curve as we try different things, but your info will definitely be applied towards the next construction. I am picking up my new board next week, and will try your suggestion of a front stomp pad. Fortunately, the shaper and repair guy I use work together so they have a good idea of the stress I put on a board.
I will start taking pictures of the failures. I do have photos of the SS if you are interested.
Thanks again for your thoughtful reply.


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Lawmakers Pass a Drug Bill
Read the original story. Click the "LISTEN" button at the bottom of the page to hear the story. When you are done, click the "NEXT" button.
Original Title: Lawmakers Approve High School Steroid Bill
A bill aimed at strengthening programs to decrease the use of steroids by high school athletes moved to the governor's desk Thursday after receiving final approval by the state Senate.
Senate Bill 37, introduced last year by Senator Jackie Speier, D-San Francisco, would require student athletes to sign a pledge not to use anabolic steroids and other supplements banned by the NCAA and the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency. Advertisements for drugs like ephendrine alkaloids, DHEA and synephrine would also be prohibited from being shown at school-related events.
In addition, the bill would establish mandatory training programs for high school coaches to educate them about the dangers of performance-enhancing drugs and dietary supplements.
A similar bill was vetoed last year by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger.
Many high schools aren't waiting for state-imposed regulations. The California Interscholastic Federation, California's regulatory agency for high school sports, has ordered its 1,400 state campuses to adopt many of the bill's provisions by 2008.
Sheldon High School in Sacramento is one of the many California schools which began implementing increased steroid awareness programs this school year, including signed pledges from players.
"It's sad that the emphasis on performance above health has taken over our society," said Sheldon High football coach Ed Lombardi. "Our athletic administration adopted the attitude that this is good for kids, so why wait three years?"
A recent CIF study estimates 20,000 student athletes, or about 3.5 percent of those involved in competitive sports, use steroids.
(This story was provided by News10 KXTV Sacramento.)


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Torremilanos Crianza awarded bronze medal
Sun 15 Aug 2004
Spanish wine magazine Vinos de Espana has awarded Torremilanos Crianza 2001 from Bodegas Peñalba López a bronze medal. This wine has just been released by the bodegas so is not yet available from our web site. Vinos de Espana suggest that it will be ready for drinking in 2-3 years time. Watch this space for when it arrives in our warehouse.


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Neliswa Fente, Mandela Washington Fellow 2015, interviewed by Mark Turpin
Mark Turpin interviewing Neliswa Fente , 2015 Mandela Washington Fellow, about her experience in the United States, some key learnings, and lessons for young professionals in South Africa.
The Mandela Washington Fellowship for Young African Leaders, begun in 2014, is the flagship program of President Obama's Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI) that empowers young people through academic coursework, leadership training, and networking. The Fellowship provides 500 outstanding young leaders from Sub-Saharan Africa with the opportunity to hone their skills at a U.S. higher education institution with support for professional development after they return home.


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#70 – Amber: Journey's Beyond
In 1996, a little independent company called Hue Forest Entertainment released an unassuming adventure game called Amber: Journeys Beyond, which remains their only published title. Amber casts players in the first-person role of an unnamed protagonist who, by means of various ghost-hunting equipment scattered throughout a haunted house in North Carolina – including the hi-tech device called the Astral Mobility By Electromagnetic Resonance – must enter the minds of three restless spirits who inhabit the mansion and help them move on. Inspired by Myst, the game was not a commercial success, unfortunately, and it took several years to garner the attention and praise it deserves, and even then its popularity was short-lived, undermined by serious compatibility issues as the years passed. But that takes nothing away from the quality of the game, which set the early standard for the many indie horror developers today.
Each story is told through a different graphic style that instantly conveys the mood related to its particular ghost, from the faded photographs that make up the memory of a woman who died during World War II to the strangely distorted perceptions of a gardener obsessed by UFOs, or the watery images that form a child's sad reminiscences of a distant, snowy winter. Despite an ending that is perhaps a bit too abrupt, Amber's crisp graphics, polished interface and streamlined but elegant gameplay created a memorable cult classic, capable of capturing the gloomy, sorrowful ambience of the best Victorian ghost stories with rare sophistication. Years before the ghost-hunting adventure became the popular sub-genre it is now, this game showed what a small indie team could achieve in a solitary first-person horror, and to this day it remains perhaps the best of them all.
You might also like: Barrow Hill, Scratches
#69 – I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream
You can use up a lot of appendages counting the number of adventure games classified in some branch of the "horror" genre, including many that are too timid to be genuinely frightening, and others that try so hard with stereotypical "scare" clichés that they wind up as unintentional comedies. However, the number of truly scary psychological horror games can be counted on very few fingers, and one of the greatest is the uncompromising and horrifying 1995 Dreamers Guild adventure I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream. Based on a short story by Harlan Ellison (who wrote all dialogue for the game despite not owning a personal computer), the game follows the post-apocalyptic quest of five humans, imprisoned and tortured in their own private hell by a sentient super-computer named AM, as they seek to escape and defeat their captor.
If alternating between five characters described as a suicidal loner, a distorted brute, a hysterical phobic, a secretive sadist, and a cynical paranoid doesn't sound intriguing enough, than perhaps the disturbing imagery of people impaled on meat hooks, or mutilated children in Nazi camps will do the trick. This is an unapologetically twisted game, but one that is well-constructed with an involving and complex narrative, never resorting to cheap scares or contrived horror. While gameplay is traditional, the game features a spiritual barometer that measures good and evil acts, and factors into which of the multiple endings you'll receive. The game is also visually detailed (in all the worst ways for those with weak hearts) and has outstanding voice acting. It may not be a game that anyone would consider "fun", but if you can handle this type of relentless psychological horror, you will be hard-pressed to find many adventure games that do it as well.
You might also like: Dark Seed series, Downfall
#68 – Shadow of Destiny (aka Shadow of Memories)
Konami's Shadow of Destiny opens with a violent death: your own. No, it's not the shortest adventure game in history, but it's surely one of the most unusual. Playing as hapless murder target Eike Kusch and armed with a pocket-sized time-travel device, you must stave off successive murder attempts by repeatedly turning back the clock – sometimes by a few minutes, sometimes by a few centuries – with the goal of changing the past in ways that impact the present and thwart the killer. Though it's a relatively short game in a single playthrough, few adventures offer Shadow of Destiny's replayability, due to its branching story threads and eight different endings. And even fewer games will leave you mulling over the story's implications and questioning its true meaning long after you've finished, as this one surely does. With each replay you learn more about what's going on and only after seeing all of the endings will you truly understand this intriguing narrative puzzle.
One of the very few adventures being developed and published by a mainstream game company at the time, Shadow of Destiny (or Shadow of Memories in Europe) is a multi-platform game first released in 2001 for PlayStation 2, then ported to PC, Xbox (only in Europe), and nearly a decade later to PSP. The PC version was poorly marketed and hard to find even when it first came out, which is likely the reason this game is such a little-known gem even among adventure game fans. The blocky 3D graphics are dated now and the awkward keyboard controls can make it challenging to play, but Shadow of Destiny's unique storyline and clever time-travel gameplay more than make up for any technical shortcomings, earning it a spot on the list and hopefully some long-overdue public attention.
You might also like: Time Hollow, To the Moon
#67 – Pepper's Adventures in Time
The balance between entertainment and eduboredom has always been an extremely fine line. Among the few adventure games to successfully strike the perfect balance between learning and fun is Sierra's 1993 classic Pepper's Adventures in Time. It seems crazy Uncle Fred used his time machine to send a little dose of the 1970s to colonial times, and the result is the Liberty Bell being transported around by Hare Krishnas, and a pre-Revolution Ben Franklin telling people to "chill out" while the British governor taxes the people silly. In making sense of all this absurdity, the game features one of the most brilliant devices in modern educational gaming. History has been twisted by the mellowness, but clicking the "Truth bubble" on something tells you whether it really existed in that era. The amount of information contained in those responses is phenomenal, and will appeal to anyone with even a remote interest in American history.
All the while the game is teaching, however, it never stops being an engaging adventure with consistent story development as you attempt to restore the period to the way things were meant to be. It's certainly not difficult by any stretch of the imagination, but there are plenty of puzzles. The colonists all have a great deal of humorous dialogue brilliantly written by Lorelei Shannon, bringing plenty of local flavour to the landscape. And of course, how can you not laugh at the spectacle of a laid-back Ben Franklin? (Until you manage to send lightning through his body, that is.) A promised sequel never materialized, but Pepper's Adventures in Time proved that when done right, there may be no better way to teach foundational concepts of history than a delightfully simple adventure game.
You might also like: EcoQuest series
#66 – Callahan's Crosstime Saloon
In the eternal LucasArts vs. Sierra debates, Legend Entertainment is often unfairly overlooked, as their games were consistently smart, entertaining, and superbly produced. One of the best examples is 1997's excellent Callahan's Crosstime Saloon. In this adaptation of Spider Robinson's sci-fi stories about Jake Stonebender and his friends at Callahan's bar, the universe is about to be wiped out unless something can be found that proves it deserves to survive. Naturally, only a down-and-out folk singer who can't pay off his tab is the one to discover what that is. Before he can do so, however, he'll need to stop an alien race from sapping the world of testosterone, save an endangered strain of orgasmic Brazilian chocolate from extinction, and rescue a lovesick Transylvanian vampire, among other tasks. They're as daunting as they are diverse, but for Jake it's all in a night's work. And hey, no pressure or anything.
Between quests you return to the cozy confines of the pub to solve word riddles and chat with the witty, pun-loving locals, which adds a delightful sense of camaraderie to the game. The real delight here is the script, including constantly hilarious commentary on absolutely everything, with plenty of interactive opportunities to experience it, much of it simply for fun and flavour. And yet beneath the bizarre objectives and clever comedy, there's a real underlying depth to Jake's own life story that perfectly complements the otherwise whimsical tone. So forget Cheers. Callahan's is the place to be for good friends, flowing drinks, plenty of laughs, and a whole lot of heart. Plus a darn fun adventure to boot!
You might also like: Companions of Xanth
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Next up: #65-61...
Great idea, i loved the Top 20 list. Though, I'm already sad to see Toonstruck go this high, but oh well.. that's the thing with the lists.
This would also be a good reminder for the games still to play, i've already got my eye on Faust from Day 1.
I Already Hate[TM] this list…
Seriously, I have mixed feelings about this. On the one hand, I can't help but see how inherently silly it is to try to rank things as wildly different as Faust and Toonstruck on the same scale—- and no amount of handwaving in the introduction is going to change that. But on the other hand, I'm already getting caught up in the horse race, glad to see that the Runaway series ended up with the dregs where it belongs, hoping that Day of the Tentacle will join it soon (rather than being at the very top of the list as it was last time), hating that The Dig is at such a low spot, wondering what I would put on the top spot (I guess Monkey Island 1 is, for better or worse, the quintessential adventure game), etc.
In any case, this list has already given me ideas for good games I haven't played yet and that I should give a chance to, and I'm sure there will be many more in the coming days, and for that I am grateful.
Awesome, this'll be something to look forward to each day! :-) Nice to see that Gold Rush! made the list.
Why don't you review some of these games, like Space Bar and Gold Rush? I would love to read your take on them, but they're conspiciously absent from the review boards.
We reviewed Gold Rush, but yes, there are some we haven't, and revisiting these older games for the list has motivated us to get those covered. Really it's as much a matter of availability and compatibility at this point. We don't all still have 20-year old games on hand anymore, or have success getting them to run. But we'll try! Kurufinwe, that's the spirit!
Finally, the TOP 100! Every thematic website should have one of those) I remember earlier TOP 20s on AG, but they weren't that fulfilling, and they were really only one man's point of view.
So far I've only got one big complaint - The Dig. It is not only a great adventure game on its own, but it is also one of the best sci-fi games, with an original, developed story and universe. It is one of the earliest and most organic adventure/puzzle mixes that overshadow Myst. And I'm not even talking about the music, which is arguably one of the best scores in gaming history. The game is at least TOP 50 material.
And I'm also with Kurufinwe with hopes for DoTT. It has seen enough first places already
Won't there be a vote for top 2011 adventure games?
That's the Aggie Awards Totally different animal. And yes, that'll happen in February, as usual, including the reader vote.
I think the last Top 20 list was in April 2004, so this Top 100 list is long overdue. There have been some great games in the last 7 years so it's natural to expand the list. Plus, it helps people like me who like to organize lists of games they've played, plan to play, etc.
already have to disagree, strongly. Toonstruck is far better than The Dig, for starters, yet precedes it. Runaway is just tripe not worth revisiting.. not sure I will bother with the rest to be honest.
Bugger the fact you allready went through the ***1/2 section probably means no BS3, SF: Tunguska or Lost Horizon on the list. I never expected them to end up very high but not at all? Shame. Also imo: Runaway 2 wipes the floor with Runaway 3 whom I consider to be the least good of all installments.
I'm not looking at the rankings at all. Already half the games posted are ones I haven't played, and that's why I read these lists. I don't really care whether my favorite game is at #1 or #100 if it's on the list.
Looks good so far. Iv played half of these first 10 games and i agree with their positions. Iv never been a big fan of the dig, despite its nice production values. The puzzles are boring and tedious and the story goes real flat imo. The atmosphere is nice though and its certainly worth a look for anyone who considers themself an adventure-gamer.
The first snow fell yesterday and now THIS! I cant believe that 2 of my wishes became true on the same day! I have to quote the great Homer on this because I am at a loss for words. "Tramampoline! Trampopoline!"
I have to put this list on my Top 100 things that happened this year
Woot, this is so much fun! I can't wait to see how many of the games in the list I have played! And it's a perfect opportunity to find out what games I missed but really must play. And yes, of course I already hate this list but of course when composing a list like this you are like a politician in the sense that you never do it right. One request: when everything is published, can you then make a list of links to the descriptions of all the games?
Oh yes, there will be a complete list of all the games at the end, with links to their respective article pages, if that's what you mean.
Kudos for giving respect to The Dark Eye! That said, I will very disappointed if there are no Legend Entertainment titles featured.
It would be nice to have the year of release next to each title.
But nice work! , i love these lists although you can never agree 100% with them.
Some great choices on Day 2! Good to see Laura Bow. Also, very pleased to see Dark Fall 1 - a classic I only recently played. The 7th Guest absolutely had to be included on this list. It's hard to overstate how exciting it was when my brother and I got a CD-ROM drive and loaded up this game. It was so different and exciting.
Sordy-wordy, the release year is listed in each and every write-up. Have to give people some incentive to actually read them.
So far I can't agree or disagree with any selection. When it gets closer to the top ten or twenty is where my hackles might rise.
It's nice to see Spycraft and The Dark Eye made it to the top. While not mainstream or well-known, they fully deserve it.
What a fun feature! Several of these games bring back fond memories. I also see quite a few classics I haven't played, some of which I had completely forgotten. I'm enjoying those informative write-ups as well.
I'm very excited to discover the remaining 80!
List continues to look very good. Quest for glory 2 is a favorite of mine and would definitely rank better on my list (especially if you count the drastic improvement by the agd remake), but still a solid write-up of the game.
I already love AG's top hundred! I'm surprised and delighted to see The Space Bar and Spycraft included. So what if nobody agrees with the ranking. I bet not even the staff members themselves agree with it. And this is undoubtedly the most interesting part. When we've reached 35-40, the territory will become all-too familiar: Syberia, Still Life, MI, more LucasArts, the Gabriel Knights, more Sierra, TLE, TLJ, etcetera
Awesome list, I'll save it for future reference!
Should the Quest for Glory series even be nominated for the TOP100 Adventure game?
These games are clearly RPG's in essence. If these are featured on the list, then also "The Elder Scrolls" series (and maybe others) should be featured aswel…
In our books, they should. QFG is a breed all its own, but clearly as much adventures as RPG, unlike Elder Scrolls or any other RPG series.
QFG is definitely "adventure" with "RPG" elements more than the other way around. It also helps they come from Sierra.
I just hope Day of the Tentacle does not retain its #1. =)
Yay SH: The Awakened made it to the list! You might wanna review that review though considering you placed right in the middle of 4 star territory. Plus I think it deserves that extra star.
Oops, actually that's not correct. The further I get the more the ratings drop. That can't be right, can it?
Review scores have nothing to do with this list. Obviously most will be highly rated in both, but not all. For one thing, a review is ultimately just one person's opinion, and this is a full staff effort, and a review is also frozen in time. It doesn't factor in legacy, subsequent enhancements, etc. The Awakened, for example, was considered at least in part because of its remastered version, which did something no other game has ever done.
Steam just now has an excellent offer of the Frogware Sherlock series including Awakened. Bargain prices.
I'm really enjoying this list, too. I know the greatest game of all time probably won't make the pinnacle but I can live with that…I guess. It's entertaining to read what seem to be well considered opinions about so many games I haven't played and might like to one day.
@Jackal: I see, that makes sense. Thanks for clarifying that.
Maniac Mansion should be in the top 20 the least…
IMHO it's very dangerous to make all-time lists. But i think this list is very successful and useful so far. or was until #64, The Book of Unwritten Tales. it musn't be in top 100 (imho again.)
Loom is No. 61??? It would be a sin to not include it in the top 25.
Agreed, Loom is one of the most unique and wonderful adventure experiences, way ahead of its time. And BoUT, Drawn, The Awakened might belong to the "Top decent adventure games of the last 5 years", but Top 100… Well, at least Shadow of the Comet made it. Now my soul can rest in peace.
I like Black Dahlia's inclusion. It's a great game, apart from some extremely difficult puzzles and a silly ending. The first 2/3 or so of the game are fantastic AG storytelling.
It's funny that this site's review is 2/5 stars, but the game made it onto this list. Huzzah!
I would have liked to see Toonstruck and Loom a little higher. They're both very charming. I'm hoping to see The Curse of Monkey Island near the top.
from other comments here too, i see that the Loom is the first miss in this nonetheless great list..keep on giving them!as you may say the list depends on the staffs views on each game but still the readers show otherwise. i didnt expect it to reach #1 as it is in my own list (And yes im playing adventure games for 20+ years now) but it should be among t he 25 best titles based on story, MUSIC, interface ,g raphics (For its age)...
I just recently started playing Black Dahlia again so I'm really happy to see that it made it into the top 100. It's a wonderful game!
I found an installer that extracts all 8 cd's into one neat bundle on your HD so you can play if from there with no cd swapping. Also had an option to remove those lines from the FMV sequences and to slow it down on dual core machines so it runs really well on XP.
So it's like playing for the first time…all over again :-)
Nice idea I can't wait to see top games. My favorite games so far are not on the list )) Also this list is going to help me find out about games I missed to play.
Syberia II: you might also like: "A New Beginning" *tries to clean up coffee that slpashed around the screen*
You guys did tremendous work here so one really shouldn't complain but…Dreamfall on #51? I mean in terms of gameplay it might not be perfect but storywise it's by far the best game ever made! Imo it deserves a place in the top 20 but then again it's not my call. Still I think not even in the top50 is very harsh on such a magnificent and awe inspiring game.
Hand me that rag, moonbird. My monitor's dripping, too.
Sharing one's lack of motor control doesn't tell us anything contructive. I stand by the Syberia 2/ANB recommendation 100%.
The only linking thing between the two is that they are 3rd person adventures. Even if I think my brain to breakpoint, I can't see anything else in common. Even the gameplay is totally different. Syberia is uninteractive, ascetic and includes a lot of running, while on the other hand ANB is a crystal clear oppisite: Rich in hotspots, detailed and no running at all. I really would like to hear an explanation for this recommendation. I'm not trying to brag, i'm really just curious, because I can't find the point there.


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Shoulda, Coulda, Woulda: 10 Celebs We Thought Would Blow Up
It's always sad to see a die-hard fan who clearly needs a reality check to see that their beloved celebrity has had their full 15 minutes of fame. We completely understand, there are certain actors, singers and even comedians that we thought would blow up–no question. Well, unfortunately the general masses did question, so much that they stopped paying attention. So below is a rundown of celebrities we thought would reach Beyonce-levels of success, but unfortunately only reached the LaTavia Roberson level:


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Check this one! A Huge Tiny House Fair in Texas, with tons of speakers n' demos!
And the list of speakers is pretty killer too! Lloyd Kahn, Jay Shafer, Dan Louche, Lina Menard, Abel Zimmerman, and more! A veritable tiny house "who's who" festival!
See you there!
www.TinyHouseFair.com to sign up!


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The city is looking for volunteers to join its Community Emergency Response Team.
CERT training teaches residents basic emergency skills, then integrates them into the emergency response capability for their area, according to a city news release.
If an emergency event overwhelms or delays the city's first responders, CERT members can assist their neighbors by applying the skills they learned in training. These skills can help save and sustain lives until help arrives, the release stated.
The classes are held twice a year, in the spring and fall, for seven weeks, at no cost for Newport News residents.
All students must be at least 18 years old and complete a...


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Earlier today, I wrote a post outlining my reasoning for why I think BGT is not a suitable audiogame development environment, trying to write as objectively as possible and proposing an alternative. There has been a lot of unfounded bashing of BGT lately, and I don't think that is fair without propper factual backing. Here is my take on the matter:
https://guilevi.wordpress.com/2018/01/1 … new-tools/
Thank you for reading, and please leave your thoughts here or in the comments!
An enemy we cannot defeat.
A destiny we cannot escape.
Follow me on twitter @guilevi2000


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Sectional sofas might be covered in a selection of products. One of the most preferred treatments is leather. Natural leather is commonly taken into consideration to be one of one of the most inviting of the materials utilized to cover the sectional. On the other hand, one must bear in mind the have to care consistently for the leather to maintain it from breaking as well as to preserve the gentleness of the material. Your salesperson will be able to suggest the ideal cleaning, care products for your usage.
The modern-day sectional sofa is readily available in range of gorgeous styles that are special in nature. There is a significant range in designs, which could vary from artsy, unsymmetrical, blocky, curved, and even ordinary modern styles and also lines. A few of the sofas have a little curved ends, a comfortable chaise, or extra arm extra padding. There are some high-end couches who have integrated storage room, end tables, adjustable head as well as footrests, and also mug owners. Some contemporary sectional sofa contains numerous different pieces like two corner sections or centre angled section or different seat sections. When you wish, having such kind of sofas provide you whole lot of scope of changing your design as and. You could allow go your imagination and also create new styles and preference, depending upon your state of mind. If you feel you could additionally choose a sofa that has a built-in sleeper sofa in it. You can choose any of the style that fits your style and makes you feel comfy.
Every component in your house have to tie in together to create a natural whole. You could find various kinds of style components to satisfy every kind of style requirements. Some of the components that you should think about while getting sectional couches are the back-rest, the couch skirt, style of arm remainder, different sections and also so on.


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The controversy stemming from fans' reaction to the ending of Mass Effect 3 has penetrated virtually every nook and cranny of this industry. From critics to developers to the general gaming public, nearly everyone has a strong opinion on the matter, and Gearbox's Mike Newman is no exception.
Newman, who is currently working on Aliens: Colonial Marines, recently shared his thoughts on the matter, saying that gamers "have no right to petition artists to change their art."
While Newman didn't directly reference BioWare's title, it's safe to assume that his comments were made in response to the outcry from fans to have the ending changed. In an interview with OPM, Newman explained that while gamers are more than welcome to voice their complaints about a particular game, they in now way have the right to petition them to change it.
You have no right to petition people in art. You don't, I don't give a shit. That's on me, that's not Gearbox, that's totally me. You have no right to petition artists to change their art.
You can not like it, you can not buy it, you can not enjoy it, that's fine. Bitch all you want, [but] you can not petition them.
Earlier today, BioWare announced that they'll be releasing an extended cut version of Mass Effect 3's ending to appease fans who were displeased with how the game originally concluded.


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Documents Available in Other Languages
Below is a listing of languages in which FNS has publications and program materials available. Click on the language to view the dropdown of documents available.
The "I Speak" document can assist in identifying the primary language of limited-English speakers. Local agencies and advocates may choose to use this document to help ensure effective interaction with customers who have limited English proficiency.


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This Date In Royals History – October 15, 1985
Postseason games that do not decide a series are often forgotten and taken for granted once the ultimate outcome is finally determined. The rare exception is when a momentum switch can be distilled down to a single key play or spectacular performance like George Brett's in Game 3 of the 1985 ALCS. Otherwise they fade to the background like 1985 ALCS Game 6 in Toronto, but that game was really a brilliant chess move by Royals Manager Dick Howser.
It's Tuesday, October 15, 1985 and the Royals are trying to save off a second match point- this time they had to get it done on the road. Dick Howser's postseason rotation would have had Buddy Black going to the mound, but Black had warmed-up in the bullpen three times that Sunday afternoon behind Danny Jackson and might not have been full strength (though he never entered the game as Jackson went all nine innings). To start Black or not to start Black was the question…
The 1985 Blue Jays were more susceptible to left handed pitching, but Howser thought it would be even more important to have a lefty in the bullpen – just in case. So as insurance he put Buddy back in the pen for Game 6 and gave the starting assignment to Mark Gubicza. Mark had not started a game since the waning days of the regular season – a key 4-2 win vs Oakland the night before the Royals clinched the AL West (he did pitch three scoreless relief innings in the Royals 6-1 ALCS Game 1 loss). The Kansas City Star Sports headline that day summed it up this way – 'Flickering pennant hopes ride on Gubicza'
Well the candle didn't go out – Gubicza did exactly what Howser needed and wanted him to do. The future Royals Hall of Famer giving up three runs in five and a third innings. When he got into a bit of trouble in the sixth Howser called on Buddy Black – but by that time Kansas City had a 5-3 lead. Black shut-out the Jays the rest of the way with Dan Quisenberry coming in to get the game's final out with the tying runs on-base. Howser's plan had worked like a charm and it was on to match point #3.
Just A Bit More: When the Royals faced the Cardinals in the 1985 World Series they saw a couple of familiar faces including St. Louis catcher Darrell Porter. Porter left Kansas City as a free-agent following the Royals 1980 American League Championship to sign with the Redbirds. As compensation they received the Cards second round pick in the 1981 June Draft which Kansas City used to select Penn Charter HS (Philadelphia, PA) pitcher Mark Gubicza.
Though Gubicza would not get a chance to take the mound against St. Louis in the World Series don't let anyone say he didn't play a part in the championship. You only have to look at ALCS Game 6 for proof.
(Curt Nelson, Director – Royals Hall of Fame)
1 Comment
A big game for sure. I was hoping for October 15, 1968 which was the day of expansion draft. That?s cool, maybe next year!


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On the fundamental business of fifteen domestic [japanese] chemical companies Noriyuki Yonezawa | added on Aug 13, 2011 | Japan Lecture of chemists or related persons who work for domestic chemical companies will be held for the young chemists and students in the Meeting of Kanto Branch of Chemical Society of Japan. The contents of lectures are focused to the fundamental business of each company.
|conferences, educational materials, seminars
|students, professional chemists, general public, educators, universities, industrial chemists


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Jim Lobe points us to the thoughts of Andrew McCarthy, a fellow at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, on Barack Obama's reticence to urge other people to spill their blood in Iran. A few choice bits below:
- "The fact is that, as a man of the hard Left, Obama is more comfortable with a totalitarian Islamic regime than he would be with a free Iranian society."
- "The divergences between radical Islam and radical Leftism are much overrated — 'equal rights' and 'social justice' are always more rally-cry propaganda than real goals for totalitarians, and hatred of certain groups is always a feature of their societies."
- "It would have been political suicide to issue a statement supportive of the mullahs, so Obama's instinct was to do the next best thing: to say nothing supportive of the freedom fighters."
- "It's a mistake to perceive this as 'weakness' in Obama. It would have been weakness for him to flit over to the freedom fighters' side the minute it seemed politically expedient. He hasn't done that, and he won't. Obama has a preferred outcome here, one that is more in line with his worldview, and it is not victory for the freedom fighters. He is hanging as tough as political pragmatism allows, and by doing so he is making his preferred outcome more likely. That's not weakness, it's strength — and strength of the sort that ought to frighten us."
As Lobe notes, this prompted a rare "that's over the line" type response from National Review editor Rich Lowry, but McCarthy is having none of it. Instead, McCarthy says that by no means were his earlier remarks out of bounds, and argues that Obama is going to transform the United States into the sort of country that the Islamic Republic will be fond of.
That's the sort of calm, reasoned debate we've come to expect from the establishment Right. I'm trying to think, which conservative thinker does this sort of thing finds its lineage in? Burke? Kirk? Carl Schmitt? It's tough to say.


text: .\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1991, 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" From: $OpenBSD: mktemp.1,v 1.8 1998/03/19 06:13:37 millert Exp $ .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/mktemp/mktemp.1,v 126.96.36.199 2001/07/22 12:40:27 dd Exp $ .\" .Dd November 20, 1996 .Dt MKTEMP 1 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm mktemp .Nd make temporary file name (unique) .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl d .Op Fl q .Op Fl t Ar prefix .Op Fl u .Ar template ... .Nm .Op Fl d .Op Fl q .Op Fl u .Fl t Ar prefix .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm utility takes each of the given file name templates and overwrites a portion of it to create a file name. This file name is unique and suitable for use by the application. The template may be any file name with some number of .Ql X Ns s appended to it, for example .Pa /tmp/temp.XXXX . The trailing .Ql X Ns s are replaced with the current process number and/or a unique letter combination. The number of unique file names .Nm can return depends on the number of .Ql X Ns s provided; six .Ql X Ns s will result in .Nm testing roughly 26 ** 6 combinations. .Pp If .Nm can successfully generate a unique file name, the file is created with mode 0600 (unless the .Fl u flag is given) and the filename is printed to standard output. .Pp If the .Fl t Ar prefix option is given, .Nm will generate an template string based on the .Ar prefix and the .Ev TMPDIR environment variable if set. The default location if .Ev TMPDIR is not set is .Pa /tmp . Care should be taken to ensure that it is appropriate to use an environment variable potentially supplied by the user. .Pp Any number of temporary files may be created in a single invocation, including one based on the internal template resulting from the .Fl t flag. .Pp .Nm Mktemp is provided to allow shell scripts to safely use temporary files. Traditionally, many shell scripts take the name of the program with the pid as a suffix and use that as a temporary file name. This kind of naming scheme is predictable and the race condition it creates is easy for an attacker to win. A safer, though still inferior, approach is to make a temporary directory using the same naming scheme. While this does allow one to guarantee that a temporary file will not be subverted, it still allows a simple denial of service attack. For these reasons it is suggested that .Nm be used instead. .Sh OPTIONS The available options are as follows: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl d Make a directory instead of a file. .It Fl q Fail silently if an error occurs. This is useful if a script does not want error output to go to standard error. .It Fl t Ar prefix Generate a template (using the supplied .Ar prefix and .Ev TMPDIR if set) to create a filename template. .It Fl u Operate in .Dq unsafe mode. The temp file will be unlinked before .Nm exits. This is slightly better than .Xr mktemp 3 but still introduces a race condition. Use of this option is not encouraged. .El .Sh DIAGNOSTICS The .Nm utility exits 0 on success, and 1 if an error occurs. .Sh EXAMPLES The following .Xr sh 1 fragment illustrates a simple use of .Nm where the script should quit if it cannot get a safe temporary file. .Bd -literal -offset indent tempfoo=`basename $0` TMPFILE=`mktemp /tmp/${tempfoo}.XXXXXX` || exit 1 echo "program output" >> $TMPFILE .Ed .Pp To allow the use of $TMPDIR: .Bd -literal -offset indent tempfoo=`basename $0` TMPFILE=`mktemp -t ${tempfoo}` || exit 1 echo "program output" >> $TMPFILE .Ed .Pp In this case, we want the script to catch the error itself. .Bd -literal -offset indent tempfoo=`basename $0` TMPFILE=`mktemp -q /tmp/${tempfoo}.XXXXXX` if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then echo "$0: Can't create temp file, exiting..." exit 1 fi .Ed .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr mkdtemp 3 , .Xr mkstemp 3 , .Xr mktemp 3 , .Xr environ 7 .Sh HISTORY A .Nm utility appeared in .Ox 2.1 . This implementation was written independently based on the .Ox man page, and first appeared in .Fx 2.2.7 . This man page is taken from .Ox


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Lower-Calorie Coffee Shop Holiday Drinks
It's that time of year again when Starbucks breaks out their festive red cups to hold their fancy (and fun) holiday beverages, which taste decadent and can totally wreck your diet if you're not careful. Sure, a grande Cappuccino with nonfat milk has 80 calories, but that's no fun. Here are four seasonal drinks, all grande (medium) size, which won't destroy your healthy habits.
Instead of a Creme Brulee Latte with whipped cream (430 calories), try a Creme Brulee Americano (180 calories). A Creme Brulee Americano is espresso mixed with hot water and caramel Brulee sauce, so nixing the whipped cream and 2% milk from this drink cuts calories and fat without reducing holiday cheer. This drink recipe works with other seasonal favorites, so try a Pumpkin Spice Americano or Gingerbread Americano for fewer calories, but all the fun!
Instead of a Caramel Macchiato (240 calories), try a Skinny Caramel Macchiato (140 calories). The "skinny" version has the same rich and creamy taste as the original, but with fewer calories. It uses sugar-free vanilla syrup, steamed nonfat milk, espresso, and topped with foam and a buttery caramel drizzle.
Instead of an Eggnog Latte (460 calories), try an Eggnog Misto (220 calories). A misto is made with no-calorie coffee and steamed milk, so an Eggnog Misto is just coffee with steamed eggnog. Using less eggnog in this drink reduces calories and fat, but the rich, full-bodied flavor stays the same.
Instead of a Peppermint Mocha (410 calories), try a Skinny Peppermint Mocha (130 calories). A Peppermint Mocha sure is a decadent holiday treat, but the "skinny" version slashes calories, fat, and sugar by using sugar-free bittersweet mocha sauce and sugar-free peppermint syrup.
Read more: Check out my daily food and fitness blog, Carrots 'N' Cake.
- Sip This, Skip That: What to Drink When You're Out
- Easy Holiday Drinks and Appetizers
- 25 Ways to Cut 500 Calories a Day