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10-Day America+Canada: Niagara Falls, Capitol Hill+ Library of Congress (Inside visit), Thousand Islands, New York+Metropolitan Museum of Art, Toronto, Quebec, Boston, Princeton+Harvard Campus TourNY10-9861
- Earn Points
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- Buy 2 Get 1 Free
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incl. Tax
- Departure: New York
- Leave: Boston / New York
- Duration: 10 Day(s)
Dates & Prices
- Professional tour guide to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and guaranteed 2 hours of visiting time.
- Free Tour of Princeton University
- Thousand Islands boat takes you to visit castles and to roam the secluded fantasy world
- Washington DC in Depth Tour Including the Capitol Hill (Inside visit) library of congress (Inside visit), Supreme Court (Photo stop)
- Niagara Falls In Depth tour: visit the old fort, enjoy the historical legend, overlooking Niagara Falls and tour the Whirlpool Park.
- Stay at Niagara surrounding hotel, 8 minutes on foot to reach fall scene platform, enjoy the waterfall night and fireworks show
- Provide upgrade service at Niagara Fall surrounding hotel if extended stay is needed
- Special arrangement: Guided by Harvard students to learn about Harvard campus Landscape and the daily life of Harvard students
- Transit travel in Canada, there will be a Skylon Tower Revolving restaurant!! You can also enjoy the charming view of Niagara Falls in Skylon Tower 360 View with Lunch.
- Toronto Gourmet trip, feel the delicious food from French, Hong Kong and Taiwan
- Details
- Brief
|Day 1
|Hometown →New York →Night Tour
|New York
|Day 2
|New York Free Time (Optional Activities at your choice)
|Fifth Avenue / Central Park
|Day 3
|New York City Tour
|New York / Wall Street / Charging Bull / New York Holy Trinity Church / Statue of Liberty / Metropolitan Museum of Art / The Intrepit Sea Air Space Museum
|Day 4
|New York→ Princeton University → Philadelphia→Lancaster →Washington DC
|Princeton University / Philadelphia / Independence Hall / Liberty Bell / Amish Village
|Day 5
|Washington DC City Tour
|Washington DC / White House / Thomas Jefferson Memorial / Lincoln Memorial / Vietnam Veterans Memorial / Korean War Veterans Memorial / Smithsonian Museums / Library Of Congress / US Capitol / International Spy Museum
|Day 6
|Washington DC →Corning Museum of Glass→Niagara Falls
|Corning Glass Center / Niagara Falls / American Falls / Horseshoe Falls / Old Fort Niagara
|Day 7
|Niagara Falls→Hornblower Cruise→ Toronto
|Niagara IMAX Legend Film / Toronto / CN Tower / Lake Ontario / Skylon Tower
|Day 8
|Toronto→ Thousand Islands →Ottawa → Montreal
|Thousand Islands / Ottawa / Parliament Hill / Montreal / Old Montreal / Saint Lawrence River
|Day 9
|Montreal→ Quebec→Montreal
|Quebec / Old Quebec / Thousand / Chateau Frontenac / Boston
|Day 10
|Boston → Hometown
|Harvard University / Massachusetts Institute of Technology / Trinity Church Boston / Quincy Market
Day 1
Hometown →New York →Night Tour
Meet Point
Please see detailed pickup and starting point information
New York
Ramada Plaza Newark Airport or similar
Upon arrival at New York, the Big Apple City of the United States, transfer to the hotel. Afterward you may join the optional night tour of the New York City tonight,enjoy the charming night views. Optional: New York Night Tour
Day 2
New York Free Time (Optional Activities at your choice)
Meet Point
Assemble at designed point
Fifth Avenue
Central Park
Country Inn & Suites Newark/ Crowne Plaza Newark or similar
Choose one option from following list:
1. Jersey Garden Mall Shopping (included transfer): Departure Time 9:30am, Return Time 6:00pm.
2. Free day at Fifth Ave & Central Park (included transfer): Departure Time 10:15am, Return Time: 6:00pm at 138 Lafayette St. New York
Day 3
New York City Tour
Meet Point
On the designated pick-up area
New York
Wall Street
Charging Bull
New York Holy Trinity Church
Statue of Liberty
Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Intrepit Sea Air Space Museum
Ramada Plaza Hotel Newark Airport / or similar
Our sightseeing starts with visits the world's famous Wall Street, Federal Hall, Trinity Church, World Trade Center. At the top of the One World Trade Center, observe the unmatched view of New York City. A harbor cruise ride offers an opportunity to view the Statue of Liberty, a universal symbol of freedom; Visit the Intrepid Sea, air and space museum; visit the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bus pass by the Fifth Avenue, St. Patrick Cathedral, and Rockefeller Center.
Day 4
New York→ Princeton University → Philadelphia→Lancaster →Washington DC
Meet Point
On the designated pick-up area
Princeton University
Independence Hall
Liberty Bell
Amish Village
Hilton Gaithersburg or similar
We leave New York to Philadelphia with a stop by Princeton University. The "City of Brotherly Love" Philadelphia is the largest city of Pennsylvania. Our sightseeing tour includes visits to the Liberty Bell, Independence Hall, and Continue to Lancaster, home to the oldest Amish settlement in the U.S. The Amish lifestyle and culture insulates them from many of the worldly influences of our modern society. In Amish Village, you will get to see Amish market, farms, houses, and the interesting buggy rides. Later in the afternoon, we arrive at Washington DC, the vibrant US capital district. Optional: Amish Villag
Day 5
Washington DC City Tour
Meet Point
On the designated pick-up area
Washington DC
White House
Thomas Jefferson Memorial
Lincoln Memorial
Vietnam Veterans Memorial
Korean War Veterans Memorial
Smithsonian Museums
Library Of Congress
US Capitol
International Spy Museum
Hilton Gaithersburg or similar
Our full day DC sightseeing begins with a visit to the White House, Jefferson Memorial, Lincoln Memorial, Washington Monument, Vietnam War Memorial, Korean War Memorial, and the Smithsonian. Visit the President Museum, Washington DC in Depth Tour Including the Capitol Hill (Inside visit) library of congress (Inside visit), Supreme Court (Photo stop). Or free time.
Day 6
Washington DC →Corning Museum of Glass→Niagara Falls
Meet Point
On the designated pick-up area
Corning Glass Center
Niagara Falls
American Falls
Horseshoe Falls
Old Fort Niagara
Quality Hotel & Suites Niagara Falls or similar
Corning Museum of glass, which currently has a collection of more than 40,000 glasses, objects, some over 3,000 years old; enjoy the hot glass making show. Visit the magnificent Niagara Falls, consists the American Falls, Horse Shoe Falls, and the Bridal Veil Falls. Later Niagara In-Depth Tour: The Whirl Pool, and the Old Fort of Niagara. Take the thrilling ride of Niagara Jet Boat before dinner. You will also enjoy the charming night view of Niagara Falls.
Day 7
Niagara Falls→Hornblower Cruise→ Toronto
Meet Point
On the designated pick-up area
Niagara IMAX Legend Film
CN Tower
Lake Ontario
Skylon Tower
Delta Toronto East or similar
Cross the border to Canada via Rainbow Bridge. Enjoy the close-up view of Niagara Falls, experience a fantastic cruise ride of the "Hornblower" into the fall. Watch an IMAX movie called The Legends of The Falls, which cost $15 million to make. Visit the Skylon Tower that offers the best view of Niagara Falls! Later, arrive in Toronto. Sightseeing features Ontario Parliament Building, University of Toronto, City Hall, and CN Tower.
Day 8
Toronto→ Thousand Islands →Ottawa → Montreal
Meet Point
On the designated pick-up area
Thousand Islands
Parliament Hill
Old Montreal
Saint Lawrence River
Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites Saint – Hyacinthe or similar
Journey from Toronto to Montreal with stops at Thousand Islands; take the cruise to experience the beauty of the scenic wonders. After lunch, towards Ottawa, the Parliament Building will be visited. Sitting in the center of Parliament Building, the Peace Tower is a focal bell and clock tower serving as a Canadian icon today. Leave for Montreal, a charming UNESCO city of design, Stops will be made at the St. Joseph Oratory and the Old Town Montreal.
Day 9
Montreal→ Quebec→Montreal
Meet Point
On the designated pick-up area
Old Quebec
Chateau Frontenac
Holiday Inn Montreal Airport or similar
Day 10
Boston → Hometown
Meet Point
On the designated pick-up area
Harvard University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Trinity Church Boston
Quincy Market
Begin our sightseeing by visiting the Harvard University, in-depth tour guided by the Harvard Student. Then followed by the "Duck Tour", points of interest including: Copley Square, Trinity Church, the Boston Common and the State House of Massachusetts etc., Continue proceed to the Quincy Market, the most popular destination in Boston. After lunch, you may choose to depart Boston for your hometown or return to New York by motor coach.
The End
Departure & Return
Pickup Locations
|JFK airport
|New York, NY 11430,USA
|For those arriving outside the above hours, first person $160, additional person $11 per person(driver tips included)
|LGA airport
|New York, Queens, NY 11371,USA
|For those arriving outside the above hours, first person $160, additional person $11 per person(driver tips included)
|EWR airport
|3 Brewster Rd, Newark, NJ 07114,USA
|For those arriving outside the above hours, first person $160, additional person $11 per person(driver tips included)
|Chinatown, Manhattan
|138 Lafayette St. New York, NY 10013
|please contact tour guide 1-2 days prior the tour departure date to confirm the pick up time
|Flushing,Jade Asian Restaurant
|136-28 39th Ave, Flushing NY 11354
|please contact tour guide 1-2 days prior the tour departure date to confirm the pick up time
Dropoff Locations
|BOS Airport
|Including the drop-off service, please book the flight after 13:30
|JFK Airport
|Including the drop-off service, please book the United States domestic flights after 19:00 , or international flight after 20:30
|LGA Airport
|Including the drop-off service, please book the United States domestic flights after 19:00 , or international flight after 20:30
|EWR Airport
|Including the drop-off service, please book the United States domestic flights after 20:30 , or international flight after 21:30
Includes & Excludes
- Air-conditioned tour coach
- Professional bilingual tour guide
- 9 Nights Hotel Accommodation
- Meals
- Any private costs (such as hotel telephone charges, laundry etc.) and personal travel and medical insurance
- Gratuities for Tour Guide and Driver: $10 per day
- One World Trade Center: $34 for adult, $32 for senior(65+), $28 for child(6~12)
- Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum: $33 for adult, $31 for senior(65+), $24 for child(3~12)
- Statue of Liberty Cruise: $29 for adult, $26 for senior(65+), $21 for child(3~12)
- Metropolitan Museum of Art: $25 for adult, $17 for senior(65+), no charge for child(under 12)
- Amish Village Farm House: $23 for adult, $22 for senior(65+), $16 for child(0~11)
- Niagara In-Depth tour (included Old Fort of Niagara): $25 for adult, $22 for senior(65+), $15 for child(0~11)
- Corning Museum of Glass with Hot Glass Show: $19.5 for age beyond 17, no charge for age under 17
- Niagara Falls "Hornblower" boat ride (CA side): $25 for adult, $25 for senior(65+), $15.5 for child(6~12)
- Boston Lobster Dinner: $32
- Harvard University Campus Tour: $16 for adult, $12 for senior(65+), $8 for child(6~12)
- New York Night Tour: $25 for adult, $25 for senior(65+), $15 for child(3~12)
- Thousand Islands Cruise(summer only): $27 for adult, $27 for senior(65+), $19 for child(5~12)
- Niagara Falls Skylon Tower: $15 for adult, $15 for senior(65+), $9 for child(3~12)
- Canada National Tower: $38 for adult, $34 for senior(65+), $28 for child(4~12)
- IMAX Movie: $14.5 for adult, $14.5 for senior(65+), $10.5 for child(0~11)
- Ripley's Aquarium of Canada:$38 for adult, $27 for senior(65+), $13.5 for child(0~11)
- Quebec City Tour: $25 for adult, $25 for senior(65+), $20 for child(0~11)
- Washington DC In Depth tour: $25 for adult, $22 for senior(65+), $15 for child(0~11)
- International Spy Museum: $22 for adult, $216 for senior(65+), $15 for child(3~12)
The above out-of-pocket project price is for reference only. Admission prices in Optional Activities section may not be up-to-date, and the price is subject to your guide.
- Price and schedule are subject to seasonal change without notice
- Itinerary will be subject to traffic and weather. The sequence of the attractions might be changed according to actual and practical situation for better service
- A customer who travels alone and request to find a roommate required to make reservation at least 7 days prior the tour departure date.
- Based on local fire safety regulations, each room cannot contain more than 2 beds. 4 people(including infant).
- Children between 2~11 years old must share room with adult.
- For the child under 8 years old, please prepare car seat at your own arrangement.
- For the sake of fairness and general comfort of the group, rules will be set for daily seat rotation. (except VIP bus seats)
- If the traveler changes schedule for any reasons, the additional cost will be assessed. Any unused tour features either transportation, air or hotel is not refundable or exchangeable.
- Any attraction or activity admission tickets during the tour are required to be purchased through tour guide. City pass or attraction tickets purchased by tour participants may not be used; if passengers insist to use, please arrange your own transportation
- If entering Canada is the part of the tour itinerary, passengers must be responsible for their personal documents for entering Canada (e.g.: Alien card, passport, visa, reentry permit). Top USA Tours is not responsible when customers are denied for entrance at USA or Canada for any reasons. When such incident happens, the tour fare is non-refundable.
- Cancellation of free-fare passenger must be made at least 3 days before departure. No-show or late cancellation incurs an penalty fee($200.00)for the reserved bus seat
- Entry to Canada is subject to hold a valid U.S. passport and a non-US passport holder must also carry a green card or a valid Canadian visa.
- Canada visa matters please refer to http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/visit/index.asp.
- Each order only provides one pickup service. If the participants arrive at different airports, please book or pay extra pick-up fee separately
How to Book
Reserve and Pay OnlineImmediately after submitting your reservation you will receive a Receipt of Reservation via email.
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This website offers phenomenal rates on all activities, tours, and vacation packages. In fact, within 48 hours of booking, if you find a lower online rate for an identical booking, we'll pay you the difference. The lower rate must be available to the general public and in the same currency as your original reservation.
Price Protection
Within 72 hours of booking, if you find this site lowers the price of the same tour you booked, we'll refund the price difference with equal value credits. Those credits can be applied in your next purchase.
Reservation ProcessingThough in most cases, your reservation is confirmed quickly, it may take at most 3 days to fully arrange the trip.
Booking Confirmation
Once confirmed, we will send you E-voucher via email. Please double check and make sure the booking information in the E-voucher is correct.
In case the booking cannot be confirmed subject to availability of seats, customer service will contact you to reschedule or cancel without charge. In case the tour price varies after booking, customer service will inform the price difference and you can choose to compensate the price difference or cancel the booking.
Related Arrangements
If you need to arrange or book other related trips, for example arrival/departure flights, ferry, bus transportation, and etc., please do this after the current booking is fully confirmed.
No part or full refund / compensation would be offered for reservations made before the tour is fully confirmed.
Enjoy Your TripThis site cooperates with top local tour operators and ensures the best quality of services to all travelers.
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We recommend all our passengers to avail travel insurance to protect themselves against personal, natural, or manmade exigencies of all kind (including medical & family emergencies, accidents, flight delays, traffic delays, theft or loss of personal property & life, acts of terrorism, natural calamities etc.) that may affect you from participating in our tours or arise while on tour.
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We do not recommend baby under two years old, people over seventy years old, pregnant woman, people in a low state of health to participate the tour. Our tour guide are not trained or licensed to work in specific scenarios and you need to independently bear risks and obligations on your own. Please take care of your personal belongings during the tour. This site assumes no responsibility for any loss or damages of your personal belongings.
Print Your E-voucher
Once E-voucher is received, please double check and ensure that the booking information is correct. You need to print out the voucher or show the E-voucher to tour guide when participating the tour.
In case of any possible delays, please contact tour operator or customer service immediately. We will cooperate with different parties to catch you up with the tour. You may need to pay the transportation expense to the next meet point. No part or full refund/compensation will be offered for unnoticed delays or no show.
|Cancellation Period
|Service Charge
|7 days prior to tour departure date
|8 - 14 days prior to tour departure date
|50% of tour cost paid will be refunded
|15 - 29 days prior to tour departure date
|75% of tour cost paid will be refunded
|30 or more days prior to tour departure date
|90% of tour cost paid will be refunded
- Cancel the entire order.
- Reschedule tour departure date. Subject to availability of seats, modification service fee will be applicable over & above the cancellation charges. This request will not be accepted if the tour start date is less than 7 days from the date of change request being made.
- Change to a different tour. Possible only 31 days prior to the tour departure date. Modification service fee will be applicable over & above the cancellation charges applicable.
- Reduce the number of travelers.
- $25 modification service fee will apply each time you modify the order. No modification request will be accepted 7 days period before the tour departure date.
- Acceptable modification includes changing pickup location, adding more number of travelers (subject to availability of seats), changing contact information and/or flight information.
- Except $25 modification fee, cancellation rules apply to the price difference when the total tour cost is reduced after modification.
- Lowest online price
- 48hr price protection
- Extra award credits
- Secure transaction


text:
Marie Lindley Roush passed away July 6, 2010 in Collin County, Texas.
Marie was born September 10, 1920 to Joe and Myrtle Tillman Lindley. She grew up in the Prairie Grove Community of Franklin, attended Prairie Grove School, and graduated from Mount Vernon High School in 1938. In 1945 Marie married Kenneth Richard Roush at Barksdale Air Force Base in Shreveport, Louisiana. They had one daughter Yvonne Marie. Marie was preceded in death by her parents, her husband, and two brothers Harold and Haskell.
She is survived by her daughter Yvonne and her husband Jay Hankamer, a granddaughter Heather Jean Hankamer, a grandson Hunter Jay Hankamer and his wife Heather, all of the Dallas area, a brother Pat Lindley of Mount Vernon, a sister-in-law Dorothy Lindley, three nephews, Todd, Joe, and Jim Lindley; two nieces, Kim Lindley and Vicki Beaty, as well as numerous great-nieces, great-nephews, and cousins. She is also survived by her extended family,members of St. Andrew Christain Church of Carrollton, Texas.
Marie will be remembered for having written numerous articles about life in early Franklin County for the Franklin County Genealogical Society. At her request her cremated remains have been mingled with those of her husband

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I was downright excited to be seeing The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn: Part 1 (two colons!) when I walked into my screening. This series is a completely unique sort of awful – they're damn near impossible to defend, and yet they've made enough gajillions of dollars to ensure movies will be made until we run out of books, and the studio has little reason to change a formula that's worked out pretty well for them.
So in essence, we keep getting movies with hysterical relationships and conflicts, and no one profits more than the masochistic lovers of Shitty Cinema like your's truly. And my brothers, while tTS:BD:P1 might not reach heights of stupidity like of the first two chapters, we've got a lot to be thankful for here.
{ Comments on this entry are closed }


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Onward Transfer
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Data Integrity
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10. Your California Privacy Rights and "Do Not Track"
Pursuant to California Civil Code Section 1798.83, this policy sets forth that we only share personal information (as defined in California Civil Code Section 1798.83) with third parties for direct marketing purposes if you either specifically opt-in, or are offered the opportunity to opt-out and elect not to opt-out of such sharing at the time you provide personal information or when you choose to participate in a feature on the Service. If you do not opt-in or if you opt-out at that time, we will not share your personal information with that identified third party for direct marketing purposes.
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12. Changes to our Privacy Policy
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text:
People do it too.
There are many reports of people that "drown" in freezing water, and appear
dead, but "come back to life" after they warm up. In fact, one of the
exclusions in brain death determinations is low body temperature. You can't
declare someone dead by brain criteria until you warm them up.
There are also some neurosurgical procedures that use freezing as part of
the anesthesia. The heart and brain function cease during this time, but
all is restored when the patient is warmed up again.
----- Original Message -----
From: "Terry M. Gray" <email@example.com>
To: "AmericanScientificAffiliation" <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Sent: Friday, December 18, 2009 10:32 PM
Subject: Re: The First (was: Refuting Aristotle et al (was Re: [asa] Dawkins
on the fossil record))
> Bernie,
> I have no problem saying that there is a gray area with respect to the
> definition of life for a whole organism. That's a key issue in human
> bioethics. However, the cells in this frog are not dead, just as many
> cells in a "dead" human being are still alive for some period of time. But
> there is not a single cell that is alive today that did not derive from a
> living parent cell.
> The frog in the video may well be dead in some clinically defined
> organismic sense, but enough cells are still alive and in a suspended
> state while frozen to allow for a resuscitation. I would confidently say
> that if the heart stopped, brain function stopped and you delayed the
> freezing process to allow significant cellular death to occur that you
> could not resuscitate the frog upon thawing. You'll notice that in the
> video he said "they're still alive". There is also a rather loose use of
> the word "miraculous" in that video, I'd suggest. It seems like a
> marvelous adaptation to winter living.
> On Dec 18, 2009, at 2:22 PM, Dehler, Bernie wrote:
>> Terry said:
>> "Frozen embryos are either dead or alive. They may well be in a suspended
>> state, but a frozen embryo or a frozen frog that dies during the freezing
>> step cannot be resuscitated."
>> Just a quick clarification- are you not aware that there is a frog that
>> can freeze, and it's heart and brain functions will stop; then thaw and
>> it's heart will re-start? Was it dead when it was frozen? Did it come
>> back to life after being dead? Please answer. How can you define "life"
>> and then make it apply to a frozen frog with no heart or brain wave
>> activity?
>> http://videos.howstuffworks.com/tlc/28588-understanding-frozen-wood-frogs-video.htm
>> See the video- it is only 2 min.
>> ...Bernie
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: firstname.lastname@example.com [mailto:email@example.com] On
>> Behalf Of Terry M. Gray
>> Sent: Friday, December 18, 2009 1:04 PM
>> To: AmericanScientificAffiliation
>> Subject: Re: The First (was: Refuting Aristotle et al (was Re: [asa]
>> Dawkins on the fossil record))
>> Bernie,
>> You're just proving the point in your previous post that engineers don't
>> know much biology.
>> Life comes from life--there are no known exceptions (other than the
>> miraculous and the original origin of life as I told you yesterday). What
>> you think about "life" doesn't matter. There are well recognized
>> characteristics in the biology world. Check any high school or college
>> textbook.
>> Frozen embryos are either dead or alive. They may well be in a suspended
>> state, but a frozen embryo or a frozen frog that dies during the freezing
>> step cannot be resuscitated.
>> You're also confusing "soul" with "living". Cells don't have souls. Sperm
>> don't have souls. In my theology, dogs don't even have souls. Humans have
>> souls. Conception is a convenient marking point for deciding when God
>> gives the soul, but even there it's debatable (for example, twinning
>> happens later than conception, so if both individuals are ensoulated, it
>> must occur later).
>> Your example of proto-life is also irrelevant. That transition happened
>> once on earth. There's no evidence that it keeps happening. I.e. all of
>> life seems to be derived from the same primordial
>> cell/proto-cell/pre-biotic bush.
>> On Dec 18, 2009, at 10:28 AM, Dehler, Bernie wrote:
>>> Terry and Moorad,
>>> Suppose a sperm cell is alive. Where did it come from? Was it created
>>> 'de novo?' Of course not. Wasn't it built by using non-living parts?
>>> Basically I'm saying look at the mechanics of how a cell comes to be.
>>> See, part of the issue is determining 'what is life.' And I don't think
>>> there's a clear and crisp definition of what life is... consider
>>> "proto-life":
>>> http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n4_v146/ai_15657614/
>>> (If you can find a clear and crisp scientific definition of 'life' on
>>> the web, please provide a link... then see if it applies to sperm.)
>>> I think 'life' is also grey-scale. A sperm cell doesn't reproduce, as
>>> we think living creatures usually do in their life-cycle. I think sperm
>>> is more a 'component' of life than a 'creature' that is alive. It
>>> becomes a creature when joined with an egg. So then you can ask "when
>>> does the thing first become a "creature?" One could say as soon as the
>>> egg and sperm unite. But that is not a human as we know it. It emerges
>>> into a human. It will always emerge into a human as long as things go
>>> right, but it is not a human at the moment of conception... just like it
>>> is not a human when just a sperm. You can say at the point of egg/sperm
>>> joining all the DNA is there. True. That's one step on the continuum.
>>> But there are many more steps yet to be made, such as making vital
>>> organs and turning them on (brain, heart, etc.).
>>> Consider also the frog that can be frozen and it's heart will stop. It
>>> will then thaw and its heart will restart. Was it dead when the heart
>>> was stopped? Did it come back from death to life?
>>> Consider also the frozen embryos. Are they dead or alive? Not alive,
>>> since they aren't changing at al. Not dead, because how could they be
>>> brought back to life?
>>> RE: http://www.sharedjourney.com/ivf/fet.html
>>> If a sperm is alive, is it then murder or death of a bunch of souls when
>>> the innumerable multitude are released and never used (likely daily for
>>> a man, voluntary or otherwise)? At the last ASA conference, a Catholic
>>> Priest in the audience even said it was NOT a Catholic position to say
>>> that a soul is granted at conception. They are pro-life for other
>>> reasons, not because a soul is imparted at that point theologically.
>>> ...Bernie
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: Terry M. Gray [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com] On Behalf Of Terry M. Gray
>>> Sent: Thursday, December 17, 2009 12:39 PM
>>> To: Dehler, Bernie
>>> Subject: Re: The First (was: Refuting Aristotle et al (was Re: [asa]
>>> Dawkins on the fossil record))
>>> Bernie,
>>> Sperm and egg cells are already alive in the cell biological sense. The
>>> embryo may not be a viable separate organism, but all of the pieces are
>>> living cells that derived from other living cells.
>>> There are no known instances of life from non-life other than miraculous
>>> resurrections or the original origin of life itself.
>>> On Dec 17, 2009, at 1:27 PM, Dehler, Bernie wrote:
>>>> Moorad said:
>>>> "Needless to say, the same would also apply to life itself. How do you
>>>> go from dead matter to a living being continuously?"
>>>> Can you tell me when a baby becomes 'alive' (heartbeat, brain waves,
>>>> both, other criteria, etc.). Is there a specific dividing line between
>>>> where one second it is not viable on its own, and a second later it is
>>>> viable on it's own?
>>>> Let's answer your question with embryology. It starts with a sperm and
>>>> egg. Where do they come from? The body manufactures it from energy
>>>> and nutrients of things eaten (dead things). So these dead things
>>>> bring forth life. First making sperm/egg, then when joined, activated
>>>> for cell division and growth. Sooner or later you get heart beat,
>>>> brain waves, etc... it's alive! But it doesn't just 'become alive' at
>>>> one point. As for the first heart beat or brain wave, I don't think
>>>> science knows yet. Does it just turn on and stay on, or have a
>>>> sputtering start? It would be really hard to measure and monitor, I
>>>> suppose.
>>>> ...Bernie
>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>> From: Alexanian, Moorad [mailto:email@example.com]
>>>> Sent: Wednesday, December 16, 2009 11:35 AM
>>>> To: Dehler, Bernie; ASA
>>>> Subject: RE: Refuting Aristotle et al (was Re: [asa] Dawkins on the
>>>> fossil record)
>>>> Bernie,
>>>> In thermodynamics, the transition from a gas to a liquid can be
>>>> accomplished by means of continuous changes in temperature and density
>>>> owing to the existence of a critical point, viz. a critical
>>>> temperature. For this reason, liquid and gases are referred by a single
>>>> term, fluids. However, to go from a fluid phase to the crystal phase,
>>>> one has to go though a phase transition, viz. there is no critical
>>>> point. There is a broken symmetry in the crystal as contrasted to a
>>>> continuous symmetry in the fluid. I find it hard to understand how
>>>> consciousness can arise continuously. Needless to say, the same would
>>>> also apply to life itself. How do you go from dead matter to a living
>>>> being continuously?
>>>> Moorad
>>>> ________________________________
>>>> From: email@example.com [firstname.lastname@example.com] On Behalf
>>>> Of Dehler, Bernie [email@example.com]
>>>> Sent: Wednesday, December 16, 2009 12:27 PM
>>>> To: ASA
>>>> Subject: RE: Refuting Aristotle et al (was Re: [asa] Dawkins on the
>>>> fossil record)
>>>> Gregory said:
>>>> "Are you seriously suggesting that a 'first' is unnecessary?"
>>>> Try looking at a baby as it develops, and then try to tell me exactly
>>>> when the nose "first" appears. It happens so gradual that you can't
>>>> tell. Same with human evolution. There is no biological 'first man'
>>>> as it is so gradual. In both cases, you start from something very
>>>> simple and build piecewise until you have a very complex product. The
>>>> embryo analogy is classic and very illustrative; I may have first heard
>>>> it from Lamoureux.
>>>> ...Bernie
>>>> ________________________________
>>>> From: firstname.lastname@example.com [mailto:email@example.com] On
>>>> Behalf Of Gregory Arago
>>>> Sent: Tuesday, December 15, 2009 3:05 PM
>>>> To: Murray Hogg; ASA
>>>> Subject: Re: Refuting Aristotle et al (was Re: [asa] Dawkins on the
>>>> fossil record)
>>>> Murray,
>>>> Time is not at issue. 10,000 or a million years could pass. Neverthess,
>>>> Deal with this directly please for what it is.
>>>> You are not, it seems, arguing with me or with Schwarzwald. You are
>>>> arguing with someone else or with a straw man. You are arguing against
>>>> the history of philosophy.
>>>> You have already said you agree with the logic of Aristotle (and I
>>>> prefer not to have to dig this up in archives). I am not asking you to
>>>> agree with his or with Descartes' or with Darwin's science. But with
>>>> LOGIC, Murray!
>>>> Who said the main issue here was in 'difference of scientific
>>>> perspective'? It is not.
>>>> I said the problem is with Dennis' philosophy. Do you disagree?
>>>> There is no problem at all, and I would be surprised if you said
>>>> otherwise, in appealing to the LOGIC of the Church Fathers.
>>>> Some post-modern geneticists (i.e. there really aren't *any* modern
>>>> geneticists) MAY (e.g. human rights) seek to try to 'refute' ancient
>>>> logic. But that is their problem, which most scholars around the world
>>>> of various religions reject. It sounds like you are debating with
>>>> 'primatives' that 'A' might not equal 'A'. Some social constructivists
>>>> and relativists in our time actually believe this. But I don't imagine
>>>> this is your position!
>>>> No, let's get serious Murray. Do you seek to refute Aristotle or not?
>>>> Have you/we 'evolved' beyond Aristotle's philosophy? Are you seriously
>>>> suggesting that a 'first' is unnecessary?
>>>> Gregory
>>>> ________________________________
>>>> From: Murray Hogg <firstname.lastname@example.com>
>>>> To: ASA <email@example.com>
>>>> Sent: Wed, December 16, 2009 1:32:28 AM
>>>> Subject: Re: Refuting Aristotle et al (was Re: [asa] Dawkins on the
>>>> fossil record)
>>>> Schwarzwald wrote:
>>>>> Not nearly enough, Murray. And I'll bluntly say that the tactic of
>>>>> refutation by referring to the date is the stuff of glaring
>>>>> intellectual weakness. It can be deployed for just about any position,
>>>>> even contrary ones.
>>>> The difference in scientific perspective between the ancient world and
>>>> today makes any appeal to Aristotle and the Church Fathers problematic
>>>> in the extreme - particularly when their opinion (as it is on the
>>>> question of the "first" human) is so markedly a product of their
>>>> particular view of the created order.
>>>> Simply citing those authorities as if they can be considered
>>>> determinative in any theological debate is PRECISELY to attempt to do
>>>> theology in a pre-modern intellectual context.
>>>> Let me note, further, that I purposefully used quote marks on
>>>> "refutation." I am aware that simply pointing to a calendar doesn't
>>>> disprove Greg's argument - but it DOES introduce a major consideration
>>>> that has to be addressed.
>>>> So the fundamental point is that our conceptual world is fundamentally
>>>> different from that of Aristotle and the Fathers. The only "glaring
>>>> intellectual weakness" is on the part of those who pretend otherwise.
>>>> In that respect, pointing out that there's been 2000 years of
>>>> intervening scientific progress since Aristotle (and 1500 years of same
>>>> since the Church Fathers) is not quite irrelevant.
>>>> Blessings,
>>>> Murray
>>>> To unsubscribe, send a message to
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>>> ________________
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>>> Computer Support Scientist
>>> Chemistry Department
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>> ________________
>> Terry M. Gray, Ph.D.
>> Computer Support Scientist
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>> Fort Collins, CO 80523
>> (o) 970-491-7003 (f) 970-491-1801
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> ________________
> Terry M. Gray, Ph.D.
> Computer Support Scientist
> Chemistry Department
> Colorado State University
> Fort Collins, CO 80523
> (o) 970-491-7003 (f) 970-491-1801
> To unsubscribe, send a message to email@example.com with
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Ligue 1: PSG celebrate title win with victory over Lille, while St Etienne capitalise
Paris Saint-Germain celebrated their title triumph with a win over Lille, while St Etienne capitalised with a victory.
Last Updated: 11/05/14 7:16am
Laurent Blanc's PSG retained the French championship in midweek despite losing at home to Rennes and atoned for the muted festivities by producing a winning performance at Stade Pierre-Mauroy.
After Marvin Martin saw red for the hosts following his crunching challenge on Yohan Cabaye, Marquinhos opened the scoring shortly before half-time.
Lucas Moura and Blaise Matuidi put the champions out of sight with second-half goals but Jonathan Delaplace would pull a goal back for Lille at the death.
Yet when the dust had settled, Lille found their grip on third place had slipped as rivals St Etienne had closed to within two points of snatching their Champions League berth by beating Nantes 3-1.
Guingamp assured themselves of Ligue 1 football for another season as they beat Toulouse 2-0.
With Sochaux and Evian playing each other next week there is no way Guingamp can be caught by the two sides below them who remain in trouble, and they can now revel in staying up after only being promoted a year ago.
Any nerves they may have had were put to bed with five minutes gone as Claudio Beauvue scored and then Mustapha Yatabare put away a 14th-minute penalty.
Sochaux's great run of form continued with a 2-1 victory at Rennes but they remain in the relegation zone with one more match to go.
Herve Renard's men took the lead in the 34th minute through Jordan Ayew and, after Paul-Georges N'Tep equalised in the 73rd, fellow substitute Emmanuel Mayuka restored the advantage five minutes later.
Their final-day opponents Evian remain just on the right side of the danger line after a 2-0 win over Nice.
Kevin Berigaud and Nicolas Benezet scored the goals for the home side, who face Sochaux in a winner-takes-all battle next week.
Relegated Ajaccio sent their home fans away for the summer with at least something to cheer about after beating Reims 2-1 on their final appointment at the Stade Francois-Coty.
Elsewhere, Bastia moved into the top half with a 2-0 win at Montpellier, while St Etienne kept their hopes of Champions League football alive with a comfortable 3-1 win at Nantes.
Three men were sent off as Lyon lost 1-0 to Lorient and lost their grip on fifth place, although rivals Marseille themselves stuttered to draw 1-1 at Bordeaux, while Nabil Dirar's late strike saw Monaco scrape a 2-1 victory at relegated Valenciennes.


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Annual Editions: Multicultural Education 04/05
Fred Schultz
McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Dec 1, 2003 - Education - 221 pages
This eleventh volume of articles have been selected from the best of the public press. The readings offer samples from the most recent journal literature. The articles include topics on teacher education in multicultural perspective; the social contexts of multicultural education and curriculum and instruction in multicultural perspective. Visit our student web site, www.dushkin.com/online for additional support of Annual Editions titles.
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Pascale Champagne
Waste is Not a Dirty Word
The phrase "valorization of waste" is central to much of the research undertaken by Dr. Pascale Champagne, associate professor of civil engineering at Queen's University and Canada Research Chair in Bioresources Engineering. Waste valorization is all about asking if waste from any given source is really waste, or if it can be considered a renewable asset.
It is a seemingly simple idea that is complex in its execution. Champagne illustrates the idea with a description of a project that involves growing algae on waste CO2, waste heat, and waste water generated by the local municipality as well as a cement company, which is an important contributor to atmospheric CO2. On an immediate level the objective of the cement company is to sequester its CO2 emissions in the algae and make use of its lower-grade energy, while the municipality wants to treat its effluent.
Yet the process goes deeper still. The algae not only help reduce the environmental footprint of existing industrial activities, but they give the cement company another source of feedstock to combust in their manufacturing activities. Yet, as to wring every last ounce of energy from the process, Champagne introduces another twist: "The other aspect that we're looking at − and I work on this with Dr. Philip Jessop in Chemistry − is that rather than burn the algae right away, you can first extract some of its bio-oils and then burn whatever is left over, because the oils extracted can be converted to biodiesel." For this, they apply novel and greener CO2-tunable extraction techniques that can further employ the waste CO2 from the cement industry.
This is an example of the "systems thinking" that Champagne employs in her research, finding the connections between streams of waste in one part of a community, and then implementing technologies to turn that waste into something of value for another part. Analogous are the closed-loop systems in the natural world where the waste of one species helps sustain the life of another.
Of course, implementing such systems among disparate human activities is a huge challenge, and the devil is in the details: "I think that's what people don't appreciate about environmental systems. You can't put all those interactions into one equation. I mean, we have biogeochemical models that try to model everything that might happen, but innumerous factors − biological, ecological and chemical − must be considered. Every waste valorization has its own specific context that must be attended to." For instance, Canada's particular climate impacts the species of algae that will grow, and thus determines the algae's viability as a source of biofuel. Or in a remote Northern community with a small population where a conventional waste water treatment plant doesn't make sense, a passive system, such as a waste water stabilization pond, might be the best solution.
The multiplicity of contexts and connections might be the reason that Champagne is involved with a staggering number of research projects. From the extraction of useable chemicals from residual biomass, to treating municipal and industrial waste water using eco-engineered passive treatment systems, to helping develop kitchen waste digesters to produce cooking fuel in developing countries, she is exploring opportunities that exist all around us. And as diverse as the projects seem, they all share the goal of identifying waste in one aspect of society and inventing techniques to make it useful in another. "Not only does waste get used again so it's not immediately discarded and going to landfill, but then there's the whole aspect of closing the loop in terms of nutrient cycles, water usage, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. And that becomes important, too, in reducing our environmental footprint."
So the vision that drives Champagne's work goes beyond waste valorization towards systems that approach a closed loop of waste use. The goals are intimately connected in the pursuit of new systems that move society towards a more sustainable ecosystem of human waste, and perhaps to where waste is no longer a dirty word.
Profile by Lowell Cochrane
(e)AFFECT Issue 4, Fall 2013
Learn more about:
Dr. Champagne's


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Home > Desktop User > Sabayon 6.0 Available For Download
Sabayon 6.0 Available For Download
June 23, 2011 Leave a comment Go to comments
Sabayon has come with another release. Sabayon 6.0 is now available for download at Sabayon.org. I downloaded the KDE version and am pretty excited about the live, install and first hour of use. After all Sabayon is known for putting out some beautiful stable releases.
Some of the top features you can expect to run into in Sabayon 6.0 include:
- Linux Kernel 18.104.22.168
- New Artwork and Intro Music
- Natively Supports btrfs Filesystem
- Better Widescreen Support
- XBMC Integration Improved
- Installer Improvements
- UFW Firewall Added
- Updated to GRUB 1.99
- X.Org Server Updated to 1.10
- Updated to GNOME 2.32.2 and KDE 4.6.4
- And Many More…
For a full list of features visit the Sabayon 6.0 release announcement. You can also Download Sabayon 6.0 or buy the Sabayon DVD online.
Categories: Desktop User
June 23, 2011 at 8:15 pm
June 23, 2011 at 8:15 pm
June 23, 2011 at 8:15 pm


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Description:HP NC522SFP Dual Port 10GbE Server AdapterPart Number(s)
Option Part# 468332-B21
Spare Part# 468349-001
Overview:The NC522SFP is an eight lane (x8) PCI Express (PCIe) 10 Gigabit network solution offering the highest bandwidth available in a ProLiant Ethernet adapter. This PCI Express Gen 2 adapter ships with two SFP+ (Small Form-factor Pluggable) cages suitable for connecting to Direct Attach Cable (DAC) or fiber modules supporting SR LR and LRM fiber optic cabling. The NC522SFP allows customers both flexibility and the ability to provision their ProLiant servers with bandwidth for every need.The NC522SFP ships with advanced server features that ProLiant customers have come to expect such as support for TCP checksum and segmentation (LSO) offload capability VLAN tagging jumbo frames IPv6 and more. Flexible to order and install the NC522SFP can be used in either standard or low profile slots.


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But she did more than speak and promote her Pentecostal message. Sister Aimee fed more than a million people in Los Angeles during the Great Depression and some credit her with keeping the city's Mexican population alive at that time. She welcomed black and Hispanic worshipers in an unusually diverse ministry. And she sometimes risked her reputation, with many failed marriages, rumored affairs and charges she had staged her own kidnapping.
Public radio program On Being has done a fascinating hourlong look at Sister Aimee, with a detailed site full of reference material, multimedia and transcripts. It's from host Krista Tippett's notes on the program that this famous speech comes. Contrary to her loudspeaker image, this is a quiet and legendary speech. It was summarized in The New Yorker by author John Updike in 2007, writing about a biography of the preacher:
What can you learn from this famous speech?In 1927, a month after the charges against her were dismissed in Los Angeles, she arrived in New York in furs and a yellow suit, and was taken to a prime watering spot of the Roaring Twenties, Texas Guinan's speakeasy, on Fifty-fourth Street. A reporter called out, with whatever sardonic intent, that she should be invited to speak. Guinan agreed, and, as Epstein tells it, 'Aimee, demure, dignified, stone sober … left her table and stood in the center of the dance floor, smiling until everyone was quiet.' Then she said: 'Behind all these beautiful clothes, behind these good times, in the midst of your lovely buildings and shops and pleasures, there is another life. There is something on the other side. "What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?" With all your getting and playing and good times, do not forget you have a Lord. Take Him into your hearts.' And that was all — a miniature masterpiece of the evangelist's art, silencing a boozy crowd in no mood to hear it. Epstein writes, 'All at once they applauded, and Tex put her arm around Aimee. The clapping went on for much longer than her speech had taken.'
- Surprise your critics with the unexpected: Like many women speakers, Sister Aimee's critics took a "how dare she?" tone about her promotion and prominence. This quiet and simple talk proved she was equally impressive with a small crowd and an intimate tone.
- Don't be afraid to broadcast your words: McPherson used every tech tool available, and created a lasting legacy as a result. Unlike many famous woman speakers, we have an ample record of her speeches and sermons, including this one.
- Preach beyond the choir: Talking to gambling drinkers in a speakeasy was not her regular approach, but Sister Aimee was reaching an important if unlikely audience--and so should you if you want to influence more than the groups that agree with you. The key: Speak to them with as much respect as the people who are already your fans.
- Keep it brief and direct: There's no question this is a persuasive speech. Don't confuse length with effectiveness.
Here's video of Sister Aimee from a newsreel on Prohibition, to give you a sample of her speaking style. What do you think about her speaking?
Use the Evernote clip button, above, to save this post in an Evernote notebook. Go here to subscribe to Step Up Your Speaking, my free email newsletter that looks at a different speaking topic in depth each month...then become a fan of The Eloquent Woman on Facebook and join the conversation with thousands of other women (and men) about public speaking skills and confidence.


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Click Here To Download The Toolbar
Big Rapids, Mich. - Ferris State University Athletics fans can now track the Bulldogs right from their browser by downloading the free "Bulldog Toolbar".
The toolbar is available as a free add-on for various supported browsers, including Microsoft Internet Explorer and Firefox, by visiting the download link found on this page.
Powered by Conduit, the "Bulldog Toolbar" includes the traditional search feature within the browser toolbar along with special links and images pertaining to Bulldog Athletics.
The innovative toolbar includes a direct link to the official FSU Athletics Website (www.ferrisstatebulldogs.com) along with a scrolling ticker featuring the most current headlines from the school website.
Additionally, the toolbar features a "latest news" drop-down menu with the most recent RSS headlines from the FSU, GLIAC and CCHA websites in addition to a Twitter link with the most recent posts from the official FSU Athletics Twitter page and other pertinent links.
Other features found within the toolbar include a radio button function offering a Ferris Athletics podcast or the ability to tune into stations from around the country. Also, a "FSU Links" menu provides accessible links to various sites including the Ferris State University homepage along with the GLIAC and CCHA homepages, local blog sites and more.
Toolbar users are also given the option of receiving local weather and supported email clients within the browser along with a facebook button for registered users.
Browser users also receive updates as new toolbar features are added or changed and a marketplace link allows fans to add their own innovative items.
Conduit's robust, intuitive platform has enabled the company to power one of the largest networks in the world, granting more than 220,000 publishers constant engagement with over 100 million active users. At present, 12 new users install the Conduit Engine EVERY second.
The Conduit platform allows publishers of all sizes to easily create powerful applications using their brand and content. This enables them to extend their core offering to the desktop and browser, while increasing brand awareness and user engagement.
Please visit this link below to download and install the "Bulldog Toolbar":
Download The Bulldog Browser Toolbar!
Click Here To Download The Toolbar


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Welcome to Our Practice
Welcome to the Sneinton Family Dental Centre. The purpose of this practice and its staff is to help you keep your teeth and mouth healthy for life. Our practice is dedicated to providing highly professional & friendly service using modern techniques, and quality materials. We are also actively involved in the training of prospective Dental staff that may be present at consultations.
Our practice employs very high standards of cross infection control, and we are happy to give full explanations of any of our sterilizing procedures. Our practice sees all patients NHS and Private. For adults, both fee paying and exempt, dental care is provided on the NHS and/or privately and we provide for the dental needs of your child (U18) patients under the NHS.
To visit our practice, simply make an appointment for you and your family at the Snienton Family Dental Centre, much the same as you would do with your Doctor and enjoy the benefits.
Our Practice Ethos
The practice team at Sneinton Family Dental Centre all share the same values which are aimed at ultimately setting the Gold Standard in dental care provision. Our practice team are focused on ensuring that patients visiting the practice are treated in an environment that is welcoming, friendly and delightfully relaxing. Our patients are treated by a team of smiling, happy, caring and courteous healthcare professionals, whom treat them with dignity and respect and always with their very best interests at heart. The practice runs efficiently and smoothly with excellent communication skills between team members and patients.
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The Sneinton Family Dental Centre has been awarded with membership of the British Dental Association Good Practice Scheme, and this demonstrates that the Sneinton Family Dental Centre communicates to patients their ongoing commitment to working to standards of good practice.
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Our practice sees all patients under NHS and Private. For adults, both fee paying and exempt, dental care is provided on the NHS and/or privately and we provide for the dental needs of your child (U18) patients under the NHS.
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The Sneinton Family Dental Centre has achieved the incredibly highly regarded Investors in People Gold Award. We regard our staff as being brilliant, and so invest deeply in their development. You will find our staff to be kind, caring, conscientious, friendly, happy and always willing to help.


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Democratic Women meet
Marion County Democratic Women heard reports from the district meeting and the reception for Jill Docking on April 26 at their monthly meeting on May 23.
Those who attended the district meeting were Eileen Sieger, Connie Fisher, and Janet Bryant.
Sue Clough conducted the business meeting.
Sieger sent filing forms to present and previous committee members.
Fisher closed the meeting with a selection from "Wonder of the Cross."


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Xbox 720 and PlayStation 4 Secrets Allegedly Leaked to Nvidia by Former AMD Executives
AMD files suit against four former employees.
Over the last year, AMD executives have been abandoning ship for rival Nvidia, and according to a new lawsuit, they took confidential information about the Xbox 720 and PlayStation 4 with them. Engadget reports that AMD has filed suit against four ex-employees, claiming that the executives absconded with thousands of confidential documents, including sensitive information about technologies at use in next-gen consoles. As our well-placed sources told us last year, custom silicon based on AMD's A8-series APU and HD 7670 GPU will be used in the PlayStation 4, while the Xbox 720 will combine an IBM PowerPC CPU and a custom version of AMD's 6670 GPU.
The lawsuit targets the former VP of AMD's Strategic Division, Robert Feldstein, who played a key role in developing custom hardware for game consoles like the Xbox 360, Wii, and Wii U. AMD claims that he and others transfered 100,000 files that contain trade secrets related to development, based on "forensically-recovered data" that indicates the executive used external storage devices on his company computer before his departure. What's more, Feldstein and Richard Hagen, another AMD executive, lured two other employees to Nvidia.
With Nvidia seemingly edged out of the upcoming console generation, Feldstein could be the key to regaining a role in future console hardware. Whether or not he has or will use proprietary data stolen from AMD to help achieve that goal remains to be seen.http://ca.ign.com/articles/2013/01/16/next-gen-secrets-allegedly-leaked-to-nvidia-by-former-amd-executives
" Rebellion Against Tyrants Is Obedience To God"


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Part of a continuing series — A reader from Mount Pleasant, Texas, writes in to suggest that all state agencies take a 7 percent budget cut to balance the budget.
It's important to consider how a seven percent across the board budget cut would work; it would mandate that all programs, with no exceptions, take a seven percent budget cut.
Texas currently receives more funding from the federal government in terms of program matches than any other single source of revenue; much of that funding is tied to the state maintaining a certain level of matching funding for those programs.
For instance, more than 60 percent of general funding for the state's public healthcare programs (like Medicaid) comes from the federal government. So, if the state were to cut funding to Medicaid by 7 percent, it would lose another 10 percent of its funding because of the loss of federal money. So that 7 percent cut would amount to an almost 17 percent cut in total dollars available to the program.
As an example, assume that you cut funding to the State Health and Human Services Commission by 7 percent — from 14 billion to about 13 billion. That loss of $1 billion in state spending would mean that the state would also lose access to about $1.4 billion in federal money — bringing the total amount of money lost to $2.4 billion.
However, that doesn't address the root problem of the situation — without finding additional revenue, there is no way to balance the state's books with only a seven percent spending cut.
While the Senate's cuts total spending by 6 percent, it was able to ease the cuts with billions in new 'non-tax' revenue increases and by spending an additional $3 billion out of the Rainy Day Fund. The House's budget for 2012-13 does neither and cuts more than 12 percent of total spending.
It's important to note that both the House and Senate budget's anticipate using $3 billion from the Rainy Day Fund to fill in the gap between expected revenue and expense for the 2010-2011 budget cycle. If that comes to fruition, the state's budget shortfall will shrink to $12-$23 billion.
Still, to provide the same level of services to Texas' growing population, the state would have to increase spending from about $82 billion to about $99 billion over the next two year budgeting period.
If Texas weren't to increase spending, the shortfall in revenue would consume about 14 percent of the state's budget. If the state were to increase spending to keep up with the growth in population, the shortfall would consume more than 23 percent of the budget.
A 7 percent across the board spending cut would save about $5.8 billion per year.