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|April 2011
|OKLAHOMA'S eGOV NEWS REPORT
Welcome to Oklahoma's eGovernment News Report. We hope you enjoy the monthly report providing you with up-to-date information on Oklahoma's eGovernment achievements.
Oklahoma City Bombing 'Day of Remembrance' and 'Memorial Marathon'
Each year on April 19, visitors gather at the Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum in downtown Oklahoma City to remember those who were killed, those who survived and those changed forever by the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. State and local dignitaries, family members, survivors and rescue workers gathered for a ceremony at the Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum to remember those lost with music and a reading of the 168 names of those who lost their lives. The public was invited to this event, which was held on the grounds of the Outdoor Symbolic Memorial.
The Oklahoma City Memorial Marathon was conceptualized 11 years ago by Thomas Hill and Chet Collier, two Oklahoma businessmen. From its inaugural race in 2001 with just shy of 5,000 participants, the 2011 event will host 25,000 runners and walkers. The mission of the Oklahoma City Memorial Marathon is to celebrate life, reach for the future, honor the memories of those who were killed and unite the world in hope. The Oklahoma City National Memorial Foundation is the sole beneficiary of Oklahoma City Memorial Marathon event proceeds. The Oklahoma City Memorial Marathon has contributed $2.2 million dollars to the Memorial since its inception.
Watch footage from 'Day of Remembrance'
Learn more about the Memorial Marathon
US to Use Facebook, Twitter to Issue Terror Alerts
WASHINGTON – Terror alerts from the government will soon have just two levels of warnings — elevated and imminent — and those will be relayed to the public only under certain circumstances. Color codes are out; Facebook and Twitter will sometimes be in, according to a Homeland Security draft obtained by The Associated Press.
Some terror warnings could be withheld from the public if announcing a threat would risk exposing an intelligence operation or an ongoing investigation, according to the government's confidential plan.
Like a gallon of milk, the new terror warnings will each come with a stamped expiration date.
The new system, replacing the five color-coded levels, is expected to be in place by April 27.
A 19-page document, marked "for official use only" and dated April 1, describes the step-by-step process that would occur behind the scenes when the government believes terrorists might be threatening Americans. It describes the sequence of notifying members of Congress, then counterterrorism officials in states and cities, then governors and mayors and, ultimately, the public.
It even specifies details about how many minutes U.S. officials can wait before organizing urgent conference calls to discuss pending threats. It places the Homeland Security secretary, currently Janet Napolitano, in charge of the National Terrorism Advisory System.
The new terror alerts would also be published online using Facebook and Twitter "when appropriate," the plan said, but only after federal, state and local leaders have been notified.
The government has struggled with how much information to share with the public about specific threats, sometimes over concern about revealing classified intelligence or law enforcement efforts to disrupt an unfolding plot. But the color warnings that became one of the government's most visible anti-terrorism programs since the September 2001 attacks were criticized as too vague to be useful and were sometimes mocked by TV comedians.
The new advisory system is designed to be easier to understand and more specific, but it's unclear how often the public will receive warnings. The message will always depend on the threat and the intelligence behind it.
For example, if there is a specific threat that terrorists are looking to hide explosives in backpacks around U.S. airports, the government might issue a public warning that would be announced in airports telling travelers to be extra vigilant and report any unattended backpacks or other suspicious activity.
If the intelligence community believes a terror threat is so serious that an alert should be issued, the warning would offer specific information for specific audiences. The Homeland Security secretary would make the final decision on whether to issue an alert and to whom — sometimes just to law enforcement and other times to the public.
According to the draft plan, an "elevated" alert would warn of a credible threat against the U.S. It probably would not specify timing or targets, but it could reveal terrorist trends that intelligence officials believe should be shared in order to prevent an attack. That alert would expire after no more than 30 days but could be extended.
An "imminent" alert would warn about a credible, specific and impending terrorist threat or an on-going attack against the U.S. That alert would expire after no more than seven days, though it, too, could be extended.
There hasn't been a change in the color warnings since 2006, despite an uptick in attempted attacks and terror plots against the U.S. That's because the counter terrorism community has found other ways to notify relevant people about a particular threat. In December 2010, intelligence officials learned that a terrorist organization was looking to use insulated beverage containers to hide explosives. That information was relayed to the aviation industry to be watchful. Less formal warnings like that will continue under the new system.
In the past, there was no established system for determining whether to raise or lower the threat level, said James Carafano, a national security expert at the Heritage Foundation, a Washington think tank. In part because of this, travelers have heard about nonspecific "orange" level threats in airports since August 2006 when the government responded to an al-Qaida plot to detonate liquid explosive bombs hidden in soft drink bottles on aircraft bound for the United States and Canada.
While there was coordination among U.S. counter terrorism officials about the threat, "it was pretty much kind of a gut call," said Carafano, who was on a 2009 advisory committee to review the color alerts and suggest ways to improve them.
According to the draft plan, before an official alert is issued, there is a multi-step process that must be followed, starting with intelligence sharing among multiple federal, state and local agencies, including the FBI, the National Counter terrorism Center and the White House. If the threat is considered serious enough, a Homeland Security official will call for a meeting of a special counter terrorism advisory board. That board would be expected to meet within 30 minutes of being called. If it's decided an alert is necessary, it would need to be issued within two hours.
"The plan is not yet final, as we will continue to meet and exercise with our partners to finalize a plan that meets everyone's needs," Homeland Security spokeswoman Amy Kudwa said.
What's Inside
Oklahoma Board of Examiners: Optometry Online License System
Oklahoma Board of Nursing: Online License/Certificate Renewal System Phase 2
OCAST: Collaborative Assistance System
Oklahoma State Board of Cosmetology: License Renewal application
Ok State Board of Licensed Social Workers: Licensee Search Application
How Do I Sign up for Governor Mary Fallin's email notifications?
Visit Governor Mary Fallin's Email Notifications Site
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Visit the OuickTax System on the Oklahoma Tax Commission Website
Monday, May 30, 2011
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Isaac Higgins
- Details
- Category: Obituaries
- Published on 13 October 2010
- Written by Mount Vernon Optic-Herald
- Hits: 4684
Graveside services for Isaac Ramsay Higgins of Grandbury were at 3 p.m. Sunday, Oct. 3, 2010 at the Mount Vernon City Cemetery with Rev. Pepper Puryear officiating.
The infant was born Friday, Oct. 1 to Ryan and Allison Higgins. He died Friday, Oct. 1 in Granbury.
He was survived by his parents, his grandparents, Tom and Laurie Ramsay of Mount Vernon and Mike and Sandy Higgins of Granbury; a brother, Andrew Higgins of Granbury; and a sister, Rebekah Higgins of Granbury.


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Discussions about eggcorns and related topics
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The forum administrator reserves the right to request users to plausibly demonstrate that they are real people with an interest in the topic of eggcorns. Otherwise they may be removed with no further justification. Likewise, accounts that have not been used for posting may be removed.
Thanks for your understanding.
Chris -- 2018-04-11
A week ago, at the 11th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference in Xi'an, China, I gave a presentation entitled 'Towards a definition for the category "Eggcorn"', by Pat Schweiterman and yours truly. (But truly, if there's anything there that you don't like, it's pretty surely my doing, not Pat's.)
Anyhow, the power-point (.pptx) is available here (it's the second one listed on the page). They only gave 20 minutes for the presentation, so it's short; the presentation was very well-attended (several of my friends said they couldn't even get in the room, and it was crowded in there for sure) and people responded positively, including some whose good opinion I highly value. Discussion was brisk and you could tell people were interested in the topic.
You'll notice that a couple of the examples I gave popped up only in the last week or two ("scissorian section" and "pawnsie scheme").
Be interested in any comments. I'd hoped to have this notice up sooner, but was having problems with ftp and my website.
Last edited by DavidTuggy (2011-07-22 18:06:10)
*If the human mind were simple enough for us to understand,
we would be too simple-minded to understand it* .
Encouraging to hear that we are getting some attention (even if we have to be our own publicists!). A well-crafted presentation.
Some random thoughts…
(1) I like the way you divide up field, trying to organize the various language tropes. In a longer presentation it might be useful to bring blends and portmanteux into the picture.
(2) The issue of the idiomatic embedding of eggcorns was probably another casualty of the short time you had. Understandable—it is a minefield.
(3) I continue to be confused about folk etymologies. The older term is at once wider and narrow than what we mean by "eggcorn."
(4) At the end you say "such that the restructured word or phrase makes good sense in most contexts of usage." Should the end of this phrase be changed to "many contexts of usage" or "some contexts" or "certain contexts?" "Most" feels a little strong to me, especially given the multiple meanings of words and the number of etymologically distinct words with identical spellings.
By the by, have you noticed that the has received a major reworking (shortening) since we last discussed it?
Last edited by kem (2011-07-22 22:46:45)
Hatching new language, one eggcorn at a time.
No, I hadn't noticed the Wikipedia article. Better go look at it.
Issues (2) and (4) actually go together. If you take the eggcorn to be constituted by only the morpheme(s) that change(s), then, yes, "most contexts" will be too strong. If, however, the eggcorn is constituted by the changing part plus its necessary context (the idiomatic context in which it is embedded), then I think it works. E.g. due < do will probably not work in "most" contexts, but make due < make do will. But, as you say, plenty of complexity is glossed over pretty fast there.
*If the human mind were simple enough for us to understand,
we would be too simple-minded to understand it* .
Thanks, David, an interesting and entertaining presentation. It was nice to see some of the classics again; I was struck once again with the perfection of a nominal egg.
I wondered about the idea that eggcorns can be used without comment from the hearers. It seems to me that this was true before the age of the WWW. Now they stick out like sore thumbs, and that explains the existence of the Eggcorn Forum. Now errors and evolution of the language will be different. Now teh is possible.
I can't really say much about your schema for describing eggcorn genesis, beyond thinking it's pretty accurate. But I do have a question that has been at the back of my mind from the beginning. Are eggcorns representative of the way languages evolve, or are they just quirky misunderstandings? I mean, can anything nontrivial be learned from eggcorns? Does anyone know how words change in meaning? Perhaps they do it in a thousand ways and it's difficult to generalize. Or maybe languages evolve by losing obsolete words and gaining newly relevant ones. I suppose this stuff is known to lexicographers, or better, that lexicographers devote their lives to this question. Still, I do wonder.
Last edited by burred (2011-07-24 21:12:36)
Are eggcorns representative of the way languages evolve, or are they just quirky misunderstandings? I mean, can anything nontrivial be learned from eggcorns?
You really swing for the fence when you ask questions, David. It would be fun to be one of your students.
My own response – short form – would be that eggcorn behavior is at the heart of language. Lacking, however, a unified field theory that could pull together the syntactic, semantic, historical, and neurological components of language, we are not in a position to divine the role that eggcorns play the grand scheme of things (How's that for waffling?).
The whiff of triviality that you detect is partly our own fault. On this forum we've found it convenient to treat eggcorns as a subspecies of malapropisms. Eggcorns, we say, are malapropisms that make an odd kind of sense by virtue of the audial and semantic space they share with their acorns. But if they make some sense, however odd, they're not really malaprops, are they? Malaprops are, by definition, slips that signal their existence by breaking sense.
To avoid this paradox, we might start out by positioning eggcorns, not as rescued malaprops, but as special kinds of metaphor – metaphors that have walked on the malapropic wild side. By doing this we would underline the fact that eggcorns, like metaphors, are fundamental tropes for building language.
Metaphors, most agree, are first round draft players in the game of language. Some even posit that metaphors and their underlying neural machinery are the fons et origo of language. (See, for example, on metaphors, synesthetic and otherwise, as the source of language.)
Hatching new language, one eggcorn at a time.
Ramalamachandran's essay raises a number of interesting points, some of which touch on topics that have come up before on this site. First off, he appears to be building a case for a tactile theory of language: words are things, whose physical form resonates and can be felt at some level in the brain. He even proposes a test for this idea, in the form of a "kiki-booba" synesthesia, which you have to admit is an embarassing name for a hypothesis. Would the same associations occur in all languages? I don't know, but I suppose this could be tested.
The idea that metaphors are a psychological manifestation of a physical relation, related to the phenomenon of synesthesia, is interesting,
blue, E major, sticky and thought-provoking. I'm not entirely convinced by it. However, there is the evidence of Captain Beefheart, who said that the harmonica playing of Little Walter was like an olive dipped in blue honey.
Kem wrote:
The whiff of triviality that you detect is partly our own fault. On this forum we've found it convenient to treat eggcorns as a subspecies of malapropisms. Eggcorns, we say, are malapropisms that make an odd kind of sense by virtue of the audial and semantic space they share with their acorns. But if they make some sense, however odd, they're not really malaprops, are they?
The problem of defining eggcorns as malapropisms has been bothering me, too. In the last month and a half or so, I've read Arnold Zwicky's paper on classical malapropisms, the Fay/Cutler article that inspired it, and a few other articles that cited one or the other of those two. And I've only become a little more confused about Zwicky's insistence that eggcorns are a type of classical malapropism. I thought my own sense that there was something paradoxical in that definition of eggcorn was probably just based on not knowing the linguistic definitions of "malapropism." But "malaprop(ism)" tends to be pretty vaguely defined even in those (admittedly few) linguistics discussions I've read that were addressing it as a main topic. If you define "malapropism" as the use of the wrong word E for a standard target word T—as Zwicky seems to— then eggcorns are malapropisms. But if you define malapropisms as words that don't make sense in context—as plenty of people, including linguists seem to—then eggcorns are borderline cases as malapropisms. And the latter case seems to me closer to a "classical sense" of malapropism as embodied by, say, Mrs. Malaprop. Both those categories are useful, and our technical vocabulary for substitutions is small, so they get lumped together, maybe even by the experts.
I think there are ways out of this. Eggcorns tend to involve the susbtitution of a word whose standard definition is known to the speaker (like "egg" in "acorn") while what I myself would call "classical malapropisms" involve the substitution of a word whose standard definition appears to be unknown to the speaker (like "allegory" for "alligator"). I think that distinction—and the "making sense" criterion—are the most useful ones in drawing a line between malapropisms and eggcorns. So what I'm wondering right now is this: Are there things that 1) are regularly called "malapropism" by people who seem to know how the word is used in discussions of semantics, that 2) DO make some sense in their contexts, and (3) that wouldn't be called "eggcorns" by people like us? If the answer's yes, then it might be hard to separate out eggcorns and malapropisms neatly. But if there isn't anything out there that satisfies all three of those conditions, then I don't see why we shouldn't define malapropisms and eggcorns as being separate terms: "Eggcorns are words or phrases that are substituted in a non-standard way for a standard target word or phrase that is quite similar in sound; the substitution makes some sense in context to people who know the target word/phrase, and the speakers seem to know the standard meaning of the substituted word/phrase." This just doesn't sound like the typical definition of a malapropism to me. I think nothing Mrs. Malaprop said would fit—so I'd say that if you're going to call eggcorns "malapropisms," you shouldn't at any rate call them a type of "classical malapropism." They just don't fit well with that description.
That said, I'm not at all sure that Zwicky's definition of eggcorns has had all that much influence on how we treat eggcorns here on the forum. In fact, Kem's claim that we treat eggcorns as a species of classical malapropism surprised me. While some of us (including me) have paid some lipservice to Zwicky's definition, it's hardly been a big part of forum discussions, and it's hard for me to see that that conception has had much influence on how we've "treated" eggcorns. I think we've been largely schizophrenic—accepting the Zwicky definition in theory while almost completely ignoring it in practice.
Also, I think I interpreted David Bird's comments on triviality somewhat differently from Kem. I assumed DB was asking just what the study of eggcorns (however defined) can tell us that's of any import beyond our weird little hobby. Of course, the usual problem of what's of "value/import" comes up here, and as far as society as a whole goes, the answer may be "nothing." But I think linguistically eggcorns/folk etymologies have already made people realize in the last ten years or so that when English speakers confront a new multisyllabic word in English, their first impulse is to try to analyze it as a compound word or an "affixation"—a stem plus a prefix or suffix. That in itself is to me is an interesting and valuable insight into the processing of vocabulary by the brain. And while I'm obviously not a linguist, I can imagine that the study of eggcorns can help identify just what kinds of things speakers identify as being semantically equivalent and in what ways—the conclusions at the end of Sravana Reddy's paper on eggcorns (which used examples drawn from the Database) pointed in that direction, even if the application of the computer models themselves really seemed to be the focus of the paper for her. I'll be interested to see what David T has to say on this head if he has the time to comment.
Last edited by patschwieterman (2011-07-25 17:02:30)
Kem's claim that we treat eggcorns as a species of classical malapropism surprised me.
The road to this assumption has been a gradual one. If you look at on this board, circa 2006/2007, the emphasis is on differentiating eggcorns and malapropisms (You can't make a difference between two items unless they share something, of course, but that is not the same as saying an eggcorn is a malapropism.). In our later discussions, however, starting perhaps in 2008, David and Pat codified this perspective in their recent paper:
Yet eggcorns are, loosely defined, a sub-class of malapropisms.
I wouldn't necessarily argue against this way of looking at eggcorns. For some who first encounter eggcorns, a connection to malapropisms might make the penny drop. Like all definitions, though, it hides as well as reveals. And, as Pat points out, we can't assume that all of our listeners have a shared view of what constitutes a malapropism.
Hatching new language, one eggcorn at a time.
The road to this assumption has been a gradual one. If you look at earlier discussions on this board, circa 2006/2007, the emphasis is on differentiating eggcorns and malapropisms [...] In our later discussions, however, starting perhaps in 2008, we seem to be heading in the direction of making eggcorns a subset of malapropisms.
I can't speak for anyone else, but I feel I've been gradually moving in precisely the opposite direction from the one you've sketched out. I'd read Zwicky's first eggcorns-are-malaprops post by late 2005, and I think I more or less accepted it as the judgment of the experts; it took me a long time to start wondering whether I really agreed with his definition of malapropism.
Last edited by patschwieterman (2011-07-26 00:17:34)


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Game 32370 - Turn 3. Pass travels right over a stationary player. All simulations showed passes in that region would've been caught. It's not like it's even close to the edge of the intercept region, it's directly over the player.
Very frustrating!
Pass travelling over intercepting player
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The UFC's biggest card of the year unsurprisingly drew the biggest box office take of any of the promotion's events in the United States. UFC 148 officially drew a 15,104 attendance figure and a $6,901,655 live gate.
Nevada State Athletic Commission Executive Director Keith Kizer on Tuesday emailed the figures to MMAjunkie.com (www.mmajunkie.com).
UFC 148 took place July 7 at MGM Grand Garden Arena and aired live on pay-per-view and preliminary-card fights aired on FX and Facebook.
The event's main card featured a middleweight title rematch between champ Anderson Silva and challenger Chael Sonnen. Silva won by second-round TKO and defended his title a 10th time to improve to 15-0 inside the octagon.
Initial box office estimates from the UFC were reported at $7 million on an attendance of 15,016. The revised figures represent an average paid ticket price of $507.25. According to the NSAC, a total of 13,606 tickets were sold. Only 64 tickets went unsold, and a total of 1,498 "comps" were issued.
The gate figure remains a box office record for the MGM Grand Garden Arena, eclipsing the mark set at UFC 66 in December 2006. That card, featuring a main event light heavyweight title fight between then-champion Chuck Liddell and rival Tito Ortiz, did nearly $5.4 million with an attendance of 13,761.
The MGM Grand Garden Arena's all-time top UFC gates as compiled by MMAjunkie.com include:
- UFC 148 (Silva vs. Sonnen II): $6,901,655 gate (15,104 attendance)
- UFC 66 (Liddell vs. Ortiz II): $5,397,300 (13,761 attendance)
- UFC 91 (Couture vs. Lesnar): $4,815,675 (14,272)
- UFC 71 (Liddell vs. Jackson): $4,304,000 (14,728)
- UFC 94 (St. Pierre vs. Penn II): $4,290,000 (14,885)
- UFC 116 (Lesnar vs. Carwin): $4,053,990 (12,740)
For complete coverage of UFC 148, check out the UFC Events section of the site.


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The 'sexting' story on today's front page boggles the imagination of most of us over 40. Heck, I can't figure out how to make my phone stop ringing when I don't want to answer, let alone send a photo of myself to others — dressed or undressed!
More pertinent, of course, is the question of why anyone, of any age, would want to send a photo of themselves in a compromised pose to someone else they knew. Back in the 1960s, the term 'generation gap' meant that our parents didn't understand the sexual revolution and the anti-war sentiments of our generation. It was a new era with new values for the changing times.
If 'sexting' is somehow setting new social values in this rapidly changing digital era, I have to admit I don't get it.
I do understand the digital revolution is ushering in a new era of communication, and with it comes a wide range of access to many things in the online world. That pornography is among them is one of the ills of this expanded world, not just because of the prevalence of hard-core material, but also because its very prevalence loosens the moral standards by which societies judge themselves and establish mutually acceptable boundaries.
It's the age-old consequence of progress: Along with the good, comes a little bad.
The House's attempt to draft compromise legislation that clearly states 'sexting' crosses a boundary of decent behavior and can be dangerous to teens, but falls short of criminal behavior, is to be applauded. As the Senate rightly suggested, it would be a mistake to brand teens with criminal records for life for an immature act made in high school — but exempting any punishment for teens may have sent the message that it was somehow permissible.
The compromise proposal (see story Page 1A) seems to strike the right balance between upholding a moral standard and gently protecting teens from themselves.
Angelo S. Lynn


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Videos | September 15, 2010
A 'Tail' to Tell
Two high school students have a cosmic story to share about their summer internship at JPL.
Dillon Elsbury: We were working with the WISE team. WISE is the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, which, like, surveys the sky in four infrared bands.
Tommy Gautier: It's looking for everything. It's looking for ultra-luminous galaxies, comets, asteroids, brown dwarfs, close stars, dim stars. I was doing regular routine quality assurance with these 800 to 2000 objects we go through every day. We look at the images and we look at the data on them. We kind of just look at them, get a feel for it and then decide whether it's real or something that's not actually there that WISE is observing.
Well, so then we saw this one, and when I saw it, it looked almost like anything else except I just kinda got this weird vibe from it that it had something on it. So I went to check to see if it was previously known in this thing called the Minor Planet Checker, and it didn't come up with anything, which is kind of exciting because it means that we've discovered something new. And then I went back and to me, it looked like a comet but I couldn't really tell, I mean I was kind of the new guy. So I sent an email out to everyone.
Elsbury: We're both in different corners of the room and I remember Tommy said, he was, "Dillon, Dillon, check your email." I'm like, why are you making me check my email, just tell me what's up. And I checked my email and it said "new comet" like with 50 exclamation points. So I looked at it, I saw a tail on that object. I was like, little grin happened. I looked at Tommy, he had a bigger grin.
Gautier: And then we got an email back saying this is a new comet. It's previously unknown so find all the data you can on it. We spent the next 20 minutes looking for more images of this comet and then when we got through sending maybe 20 of them in, we had the entire observed data set for this comet.
Elsbury: From this internship I've learned tons about comets. I've had like a rough idea of comets. I thought, you know, fuzzy ball in the sky, has a tail. But I never really knew a lot about them. Like, okay, let's say their orbits. Their orbits, they're tremendously different. They vary a lot. Comets come from the Oort cloud. The Oort cloud is a spherical shape around our solar system.
Gautier: And I think it's been really awesome to be able to be hands-on with astronomy and be out there working on a flight project mission.
Elsbury: Oh, my friends, they were like... I was actually surprised that they thought it was pretty cool. Like, I was, like, wow. They're just gonna tease me. I'm doing astronomy. But they actually thought it was pretty cool to find a comet.
Title - NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology


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In his evil plot to take over the Mushroom Kingdom, Fawful tricks Bowser into eating a magic mushroom. The mushroom causes Bowser to begin inhaling everything around him, including Mario, Luigi and Princess Peach! Do the Mario Bros. have the guts to rescue Peach and escape?
If you are a fan of Mario and the Mario Bros franchise, check out the latest New Super Mario Bros U game available for the Nintendo Wii U.
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Klein, Peter G.; Barney, Jay B.; Foss, Nicolai J. (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Strategic entrepreneurship is a newly recognized field that draws, not surprisingly, from the fields of strategic management and entrepreneurship. The field emerged officially with the 2001 special issue of the Strategic Management Journal on "strategic entrepreneurship"; the first dedicated periodical, the Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, appeared in 2007. Strategic entrepreneurship is built around two core ideas. (1) Strategy formulation and execution involves attributes that are fundamentally entrepreneurial, such as alertness, creativity, and judgment, and entrepreneurs try to create and capture value through resource acquisition and competitive posi-tioning. (2) Opportunity-seeking and advantage-seeking—the former the central subject of the entrepreneurship field, the latter the central subject of the strategic management field—are pro-cesses that should be considered jointly. This entry explains the specific links between strategy and entrepreneurship, reviews the emergence and development of the strategic entrepreneurship field, and discusses key implications and applications. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8514
Files in this item: 1Klein_Barney_Foss_SMGWP2012_3.pdf (457.4Kb)
A dynamic perspectiveNielsen, Bo Bernhard (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper focuses specifically on interfirm strategic collaboration as a vehicle for knowledge management across firm boundaries. Drawing on the widely accepted exploitation/exploration dichotomy, this article contributes to research concerning alliance dynamics by combining elements related to alliance formation, negotiation and outcomes. By integrating the exploitation/exploration arguments into a set of knowledge-related strategic motives for alliance formation, the main arguments focus on the influence of governance mechanisms on the relationship between strategic fit and outcome in terms of knowledge. This paper integrates the emergent knowledge-based theories of alliance formation (and outcome) with existing theories related to governance and coordination in an attempt to explain how the knowledge outcome of collaborative relationships may be determined by the strategic fit of partner motives, influenced by the mix of contractual and procedural governance. A series of testable propositions are derived in order to answer the following question: Do combinations of contractual and procedural coordination, given specific strategic fit, explain performance differentials? URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7479
Files in this item: 1smg wp 2008-09.pdf (437.4Kb)
Strategic Orientations of Internationalizing Firms: A Comparative Analysis of Firms Operating in Technology Intensive and Common Goods IndustriesAndersen, Torben J.; Joshi, Mahesh P. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The strategic orientations of global integration and local responsiveness (the I-R framework) continue to dominate analyses of internationalization strategies and identify the basic strategy typologies of multinational enterprise. Much effort has been devoted to verify the generic strategies established within the original I-R framework but few studies have investigated their implied performance effects. In conformity with the foundations of the I-R framework we characterize the strategic orientations by their implied corporate decision structures and strategy processes and analyze their performance associations in two distinct industrial environments. The evidence from this analysis contradicts predictions in the conventional I-R framework. We explain this conundrum from a resource-based perspective as firms operating in technology intensive environments outperform when they have access to diverse multinational resources whereas firms in common goods businesses gain economies from global product standards. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7428
Files in this item: 1smg wp 2008-11.pdf (370.4Kb)
Analyzing Antecedents and Contingencies for Value CreationSax, Johanna (Frederiksberg, 2015)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the literature with an investigation into strategic risk management practices from a strategic management and management accounting perspective. Previous research in strategic risk management has not provided sufficient evidence on the mechanisms behind firm practices, processes and tools for managing strategic risks, and their contingencies for value creation. In particular, the purpose of the thesis has been to fill the gaps in the literature by asking the question of: How does strategic risk management influence firms' ability to deal with risks that may affect long-term competitive advantage and corporate longevity? To answer this question, the literature in strategic management and management accounting has been synthesized in order to identify management practices, processes and systems that take an active stance in making better decisions about risk-taking by preparing for the inherent uncertainty of strategic decisions. The thesis comprises four chapters that individually address the blind spots in the literature and in combination answer the overall research question. It suggests that proactive management practices such as strategic planning, interactive control systems and enterprise risk management processes, can be effective means in dealing with strategic risk. It further emphasizes the role of participative decision-making, a participative leadership style and the employees' psychological safety for raising voice as important factors in order to benefit from these management practices most advantageously. Besides from enhancing our theoretical understanding of these mechanisms the thesis further provides empirical evidence on the interplay between the identified managerial practices and contextual factors as well as their ability on managing risks and create value for the firm. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9209
Files in this item: 1Johanna Sax.pdf (1.483Mb)
Andersen, Torben Juul; Roggi, Oliviero (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Major corporate failures, periodic recessions, regional debt crises and volatile markets have intensified the focus on corporate risk management as the means to deal better with turbulent business conditions. Hence, the ability to respond effectively to the often dramatic environmental changes is considered an important source of competitive advantage. However, surprisingly little research has analyzed if the presumed advantages of effective risk management lead to superior performance or assessed important antecedents of effective risk management capabilities. Here we present a comprehensive study of risk management effectiveness and the relationship to corporate performance based on panel data for more than 3,400 firms accounting for over 33,500 annual observations during the turbulent period 1991- 2010. Determining effective risk management as the ability to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility, we find that it has significant positive relationships to lagged performance measures after controlling for industry effects and company size. We also find that availability of slack resources and investment commitments affect the risk management capabilities and their relationship to performance. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8696
Files in this item: 1Torben Andersen.pdf (170.6Kb)
Juul Andersen, Torben (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Liberalizations of international trade and improvements in communication and information technologies allow companies to organize around extensive multinational structures of cross-border sourcing networks. In a freely interacting market setting multinational enterprise is exposed to financial and economic risks that can be monitored within conventional reporting systems and managed through use of various derivative instruments. All the while, a dispersed multinational structure can be vulnerable to disruptions caused by changing economic conditions, competitive moves, and geopolitical developments as well as natural disasters and terrorist events that are difficult to forecast. Consequently, current risk management techniques span from conventional gap analyses and quantitative value-at-risk measures of market-related exposures to more qualitative assessments of competitive exposures and low-frequency high-impact disaster events based on scenario analyses. Hence, there is a need to consider risk management approaches that integrate relatively transparent financial exposures with the consequences of uncertain and hard-to-quantify event risks. This paper outlines the contours of such a strategic risk management framework incorporating conventional exposure measures and simulation techniques to assess vulnerability and responsiveness in a turbulent global setting. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7426
Files in this item: 1smg wp 2005-003.pdf (526.7Kb)
Juul Andersen, Torben; Fredens, Kjeld (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Corporate entrepreneurship is deemed essential to uncover opportunities that shape the future strategic path and adapt the firm to environmental change (e.g., Covin and Miles, 1999; Wolcott and Lippitz, 2007). At the same time, rational central processes are important to execute strategic actions in a coordinated manner (e.g., Baum and Wally, 2003; Brews and Hunt, 1999; Goll and Rasheed, 1997). That is, the organization's adaptive responses and dynamic capabilities are embedded in integrative structures that accommodate dispersed business initiatives. The dual concerns for integration and entrepreneurial behavior are reflected in the conjoint need for effective routines and exploratory search in adaptive systems (e.g., Pfeifer and Bongard, 2007; Sutton and Barto, 1998). It has also been expressed as a need to balance exploitation and exploration (March, 2001) and configure ambidextrous organizational forms (e.g., O'Reilly and Tushman, 2008; Tushman and O'Reilly, 2004). In strategy research, optimization and rejuvenation perspectives have variously been described as intended and emergent strategies (Mintzberg, 1978; Mintzberg and Waters, 1985), top‐down and bottom‐up strategies (Nonaka, 1987), induced and autonomous strategy processes (Burgelman, 2005; Burgelman and Grove, 1996, 2007), central planning and decentralized initiatives (Andersen, 2000, 2004, Andersen and Nielsen, 2009). Burgelman and Grove (2007) outline such a combined strategy process and observe how central direction and dispersed exploration can change over time influenced by strategic leadership. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8552
Files in this item: 1Andersen_Fredens_SMG.pdf (286.1Kb)
Foss, Nicolai J. (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: A concern with teams was central to early attempts to grasp the nature of the firm, but fell out of favor in later work. We encourage a return to the emphasis on teams, but argue that the idea of teams as central to the nature of the firm needs to be grounded in an appreciation of the importance of We frames and group agency. We use converging insights from evolutionary anthropology, cognitive social psychology and work on team agency to develop such a grounding, and link it to the issues of the existence and boundaries of firms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8362
Files in this item: 1Nicolai_J_Foss_SMG_2011.pdf (345.3Kb)
Debates and a Novel ViewFoss, Nikolai J. (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Arguments derived from the theory of science have been present in strategic management discourse since at least the beginning of the 1970s. The field's topjournal,the Strategic Management Journal, has printed several theory of sciencebased papers. Most positions in the theory of science (falsificationism, instrumentalism, realism, constructivism, etc.) have been present in the methodological discourse in the field. This chapter briefly reviews theory science applications to strategic management, before a distinctive perspective on the evolution of the strategic management field is developed. According to this perspective, science progresses when deeper level mechanisms are identified and theorized. Theoretical reduction may therefore be an independent criterion of scientific progress. Application to the strategic management field of this perspective, which in the social sciences is closely connected to the notion of methodological individualism, reveals that the field has evolved in a manner akin to a swinging pendulum, oscillating between micro and macro perspectives. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7441
Files in this item: 1cbs forskningsindberetning smg 7.pdf (211.0Kb)
Zarzecka, Olga (Frederiksberg, 2016)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Professional networks of senior managers have indisputable value for them as well as for their organizations. In recent years, much attention has been given to the structure of these networks as it reflects senior managers' opportunity to access valuable resources. Surprisingly, the actual resources that senior managers acquire through their network ties, i.e. the tie content, remain heavily understudied. Hence, the purpose of this dissertation is to answer the following question: What resources flow through informal ties in senior managers' professional networks, and why? The first chapter introduces the topic of this dissertation as well as the overall research question. The three next chapters are empirical studies of informal ties in professional networks of Danish senior managers, that together attempt to answer the overall research question. Chapter 2 looks into gender differences in resource exchanges and the effect of these differences on the number of, and extent to which, resources are provided by a network tie. Chapter 3 explores how firm underperfomance and social identity with corporate elite alter types of resources a network tie provides. Chapter 4 focuses on a tie's internal dynamics and studies the effect of friendship on the extent and novelty of professional advice a tie provides. The fifth and final chapter of this dissertation summarizes the findings of the research papers in the light of the overall research question. Essentially, this dissertation suggests that the strategic value of professional informal network ties is contingent on the actual combination of resources these ties provide. Furthermore, this combination depends on micro-level mechanisms that affect three dimensions of tie content: the number of resources, the type of resources and the extent to which these resources are provided by informal network ties. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9357
Files in this item: 1Olga Zarzecka.pdf (2.112Mb)
Foss, Nicolai Juul; Ishikawa, Ibuki (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The dominant view in the strategic management field is the resource-based view ("RBV"). It has often been observed that the RBV is lacking in the dynamic dimension. For example, processes of building competitive advantages by means of combining existing complementary resources in novel ways are not inquired into. We argue that the RBV may profitably draw on Austrian (Misesian) and Knightian insights in entrepreneurship and capital theory, particularly in its Lachmannian manifestation, in order to strengthen its dynamic components. We link the RBV and Austrian ideas in the context of the theory of complex systems pioneered by Herbert Simon. We draw a number of implications for strategic management from this synthesis, notably into resource value and sustainability of competitive advantage. JEL Code: B53, D21, L23, M1 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7458
Files in this item: 1cbs forskningsindberetning smg 46.pdf (330.1Kb)
Foss, Nicolai Juul (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The notion of "capability" has long been influential in management research as an approach to address firm-level heterogeneity and heterogeneity in competitive outcomes. I discuss how recent advances in economics may allow for a more rigorous understanding and measurement of capability that take organizational practices into account. However, economists may also learn from work on capabilities in management research. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8756
Files in this item: 1Nicolai_Foss_SMGWP2013_9.pdf (416.7Kb)
Aesthetics' Organizing Work and Employment in Creative IndustriesStjerne, Iben Sandal (Frederiksberg, 2016)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Because of their temporary nature, work and employment in project based organizations are different from what we used to see in traditional organizational forms. Temporary employment, entailing less stability within the organization changes how employment and work are organized. Temporary systems are organized by transcending organization that go beyond the individual firm and replaces what used to be organized inside the firm. Following several calls for further research on these topics, this dissertation is a small step along the way as it investigates how work and employment are organized in temporary systems that lack stability and formal order. It advances our understanding of transcending organization in creative industries by adopting a practice based perspective. Empirically, the dissertation presents an in-depth study of the Danish film industry, which is an extreme case of a project based industry wherein temporary organizing dominates and challenges people to organize employment and work in new ways. The study draws on both ethnographic work and interviews conducted in the period from 2009-2015. The data set consist of 40 in-depth interviews of career trajectories with successful film workers with different functional roles and six months of ethnographic study of film projects in the Danish film industry, in particular delving into the film project Antboy and its sequels. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9395
Files in this item: 1Iben Stjerne.pdf (5.666Mb)
A study of Swedish biotech firms' international expansionLindstrand, Angelika; Melen, Sara; Rovira, Emilia (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The effects of using personal networks have in recent years become a topic of interest in the research area that focuses on the internationalization process of the firm. Few studies have, however, used the concept of social capital when studying the internationalization process of high-tech SMEs. In this explorative case study, ten Swedish SMEs in the biotech business have been examined in order to see how they use social capital for accessing the critical resources that they need in their internationalization process. The results of the study indicate that the usefulness of social capital changes during this process and that the wrong perception of social capital's usefulness can lead to unsuccessful internationalization. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7432
Files in this item: 1smg 2006-50.pdf (350.3Kb)
Understanding Opportunity Discovery and Sustainable Advantage : The Role of Transaction Costs and Property RightsFoss, Kirsten; Foss, Nicolai (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: On November 24, 1874, United States Patent No. 157,124 was granted to Joseph Glidden of DeKalb, Ill., for improved barbed wire fencing. Glidden's patent was the culmination of a series of nine patents for improvements to wire fencing that were granted by the U.S. Patent Offi ce to American inventors, beginning with Michael Kelly in November 1868 and ending with Glidden's patent (McCallum and McCallum, 1965), which quickly became dominant. To be sure, wire fencing had been used for a very long time. However, property rights over livestock were less secure, as wire fencing would often break under the impact of heavy livestock pressing against the fencing. This would not happen with barbed wire, so the costs at which property rights to livestock could be protected fell dramatically (Dennen, 1976; Anderson and Hill, 2004). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7448
Files in this item: 1smg wp 2008-26.pdf (294.3Kb)
Understanding Opportunity Discovery and Sustainable Advantage: The Role of Transaction Costs and Property RightsFoss, Kirsten; Foss, Nicolai J. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: To add insight in new value creation, opportunity discovery should be integrated with strategic management theory. Based on the resource-based view and the economics of property rights we build a framework that accomplishes this. Our key argument is that property rights and transaction costs are important antecedents of opportunity discovery. We identify two mechanisms that establish this influence, and examine alternative ways in knowledge, transaction costs, and property rights influence opportunity discovery and sustainable advantage URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7482
Files in this item: 1smg wp 2008-18.pdf (407.9Kb)
Pedersen, Carsten Lund (Frederiksberg, 2016)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The field of strategic management has long alluded to the idea that lower-level employees immersed in the day-to-day business have experiential insights of potential strategic value. This line of thought has predominantly been supported by anecdotal evidence and explored in meticulous case studies to uncover the evolutionary traits of autonomous ventures. In a related vein, studies of 'strategic issue management' (SIM) tried to uncover organizational processes to identify emerging issues in volatile environments and devise proper strategic responses. These conceptual models were introduced in the very first volume of 'Strategic Management Journal', but little empirical research has since tried to develop the conception of SIM. An underlying research aim of this dissertation is to address and bridge these two literature streams, honing the idea of utilizing the collective wisdom possessed by frontline employees about ongoing changes in the internal and external environments as a unique information source to extend and advance SIM. In view of this, the dissertation tries to answer the following research question: "To what extent can frontline employees and customers predict firm performance – and how can it be utilized in SIM?" In order to answer this question, the dissertation was divided into three different papers, each with a distinct research focus. The first paper is a conceptual study that reviews and builds theory, by arguing that the collective wisdom of frontline employees and customers can be utilized to predict firm performance and identify emerging issues in SIM. The second paper is a qualitative study that looks into how intended and emergent strategy processes interact over time in a particularly hostile industry context. The third paper is a quantitative study that seeks to measure the predictive accuracy, or collective wisdom, of frontline employees and customers in predicting firm performance. The study includes more than 150,000 individual forecasts based on 13,531 survey responses which is subsequently compared to measures of actual firm performance. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9687
Files in this item: 1Carsten Lund Pedersen.pdf (3.042Mb)
Exploiting Global R&D SynergiesPedersen, Torben (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Much had happened since the CEO of Vestas Wind Systems A/S, Ditlev Engel, broadcast the company's new corporate strategy – The Will to Win 2005-2008 – from headquarters in Randers, Denmark to all Vestas employees worldwide in 2005. Vestas, the market-leading producer of high-tech wind turbines, had since a merger the year before with a Danish turbine producer experienced financial difficulties, and management was therefore replaced with fresh leadership that could bring the Danish company to new heights. With the new management came a radical reorganization and the announcement of several new strategic initiatives. As Engel stated, "These initiatives are aimed at increasing effectiveness in all areas of Vestas's business. We will professionalize our dialogue with the customers, we will improve the quality of our products and we will be much more effective in all that we do." 1 The charismatic CEO also argued that "by the implementation of The Will to Win, we create a new global Vestas. This work will, no doubt, be exciting and very hard. At the same time, it will require the will to change in all of us and I am confident that we at Vestas can meet this challenge." URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7825
Files in this item: 1SMG WP 2009-05.pdf (401.3Kb)
Ørberg Jensen, Peter D.; Pedersen, Torben (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this article, we explore the idea that offshoring of services and technical work should be regarded as a dynamic process that evolves over time. Firms gradually move from offshoring of simple, standardized activities towards offshoring of advanced activities when they accumulate experience with offshoring, and this type of offshoring comes with an entirely different set of characteristics compared to traditional, cost-seeking offshoring. Based on a unique survey among the total population of firms in the eastern region of Denmark, we analyze some of the dynamics of this process through a model that incorporates two different aspects of the process of offshoring. First, we approach the question of whether to offshore and establish a baseline that investigates the determinants of firms' participation—or lack thereof—in offshoring. Secondly, we approach the question of what to offshore and the subsequent process of offshoring, as we analyze the determinants of the offshoring of advanced, highend technical, and service activities. The findings are consistent with the notion of offshoring as a dynamic process as they show how some (cost-related) determinants play a role when firms first engage in offshoring, while rather different determinants matter for the subsequent process of offshoring of advanced activities. Although the model portrays a simplified expression of the offshoring process with two stages, the findings underpin our view that a process perspective on offshoring is a useful analytical framework. Keywords: Offshoring dynamics, and service offshoring URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7419
Files in this item: 1
Why Do Firms Employ Foreigners on Their Top Management Teams? A Multilevel Exploration of Individual and Firm Level AntecedentsNielsen, Sabina; Nielsen, Bo Bernhard (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In Europe, in particular, the number of foreigners appointed to top management teams has increased significantly over the past decade. However, the question of why some firms elect to employ foreign nationals on their top management teams remains unclear. This study utilizes a multi-level methodology to test the degree to which employment of a foreigner on the top management team is driven by individual level human capital characteristics versus firm level strategic considerations. Results from empirical tests on a sample of Swiss publicly listed companies suggest that degree of international diversification is positively associated with the likelihood of having a foreign executive, whereas human capital characteristics do not explain the propensity to employ a foreigner on the top management team. Further analyses indicate that nationality diversity at the board level, as well as the international experience of the top management team, are possible predictors of the probability of having a foreigner on the top management team. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7469
Files in this item: 1smg wp 2008-21.pdf (294.6Kb)
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From MeritBadgeDotOrg
- Have a knowledge of the theory of aeroplanes, balloons, and dirigibles.
- Have made a working model of an {27} aeroplane or dirigible that will fly at least twenty-five yards; and have built a box kite that will fly.
- Have a knowledge of the engines used for aeroplanes and dirigibles, and be able to describe the various types of aeroplanes and their records.
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Boy Scout Handbook, 1911 Edition


text:
The Osceola Mill
Fine Dining
Lexington Virginia Area
Shenandoah Valley
Restaurant Open Fridays & Saturdays
Reserved dining for our overnight guests is always available.
Reservations highly suggested
5pm until 10pm
The Mill Stone Dining Room
"Continental in the Country"
The Osceola Mill is a premier fine dining restaurant, striving to deliver the quality of cuisine usually found in the metro areas. Our menu has a continental flair that includes South African lobster tails, fresh seafood, veal, and a world class steak.
Our menu varies each week according to seasonal fare. The atmosphere is elegant but casual. The Mill Stone dining room is structurally original, with massive hand hewn chestnut beams, original mill works, and a view of the waterwheel.
All cuisine is prepared from the finest fresh ingredients. Special dietary requests are welcome. Kevin & Kim have received excellent critical reviews from food critics and guests.
Outside dining next to the waterwheel and cascading Marl Creek is available, weather permitting. The mill lends itself to small private gatherings, family reunions, and small weddings. Owners Kevin & Kim Daly will help plan your special event. The Mill is available for private parties any time by reservation.


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You spend hours perfecting your pumpkin pie, don't let it become a dangerous projectile during your trip over the river and through the woods. Follow these tips to make sure your holiday dishes –and your family -- arrive in one piece.
Casserole Dishes
Keeping a food container -- or any item -- loose in the car is dangerous. The safest place is for them is in the trunk or cargo area. Make sure your casserole dish comes with a cover and place it in a towel-lined laundry basket. The towels will absorb any leaks, and the laundry basket makes it easy to use bungee cords to secure it to cargo hooks. If you don't have a spare laundry basket, try the same thing with your cooler instead.
Pies and Cakes
Use a pie or cake carrier, like this one[GJ1] , to get that pumpkin pie safely to Granny's house. If the back seat is empty, place the carrier on the floor behind the seat, to keep it from sliding. If you want to make sure your flaky piecrust doesn't end up in pieces, consider an insulated, padded carrier to protect your masterpiece.
Slow Cookers
Keep your candied yams in your slow cooker by investing in one with a lockable lid[GJ2] , which keeps leaks at bay and your food secure. Again, use the cargo area's hooks to keep it from sliding around.
Few things are better than turkey and stuffing two days in a row. When it's time to head home, bust out your zip lock bags to save the leftovers. They're leak-resistant, easy to transport in your purse or bag and your host will appreciate that you're not "adopting" a piece of her Tupperware.


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Overview of the programme
The Public Finance and Trade Programme originates from the Training Programme in the Legal Aspects of Debt and Financial Management, which commenced after a high-level expert meeting held in Geneva, Switzerland in 1987.
With the broad array of governance issues, public finance emerges as a high-priority area, particularly in light of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs) Initiative and the trend towards programmatic lending. Not only is efficient and effective public spending critical to poverty reduction, but strong public finance and expenditure management in countries helps ensure that development assistance is utilized as intended.
The increasing economic and financial globalization puts international trade and intellectual property policy high on the agenda of developing countries and economies in transition. While the potential benefits of trade and intellectual property are now widely recognized, countries still face the challenge to effectively use trade and intellectual property policy to achieve sustainable development goals.
The Public Finance and Trade Programme supports developing countries, including LDCs, and economies in transition through developing the capacities of senior and middle level official, networking and fostering of best practices among government and private sector officials, and strengthening the capacity of selected local and regional institutions to provide training to their stakeholders.
While traditional training and networking activities continue, the Public Finance and Trade Programme has progressively introduced new ICT-based methodologies, such as e-Learning (online training), to offer its training to a wider audience of senior and middle level officials. To further enhance training outreach and effectiveness, the Programme has established strategic partnerships with several institutions working in relevant thematic areas, including other UN Agencies and Programmes.


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San Antonio is a cosmopolitan city that has a diverse population with changing mental health needs. TherapyTribe is an online community of the top therapists all over the country, including San Antonio. Review therapist's blogs in your area and profile pages to find details about their life, education, and expertise. Find a therapist today that has the abilities you need from a health care provider.
Many San Antonio residents struggle with drug abuse and addiction. Alcohol is the most abused substance in San Antonio according to Gulf Coast Addiction Technology Center. Addiction is a disease that affects all people no matter their age or ethnicity. With the right counseling and support, a person can take the first step to sober living.
San Antonio also has a large Veteran population; the city is a leader in the treatment of Trauma and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). San Antonio is home to the South Texas Veterans Health Care System (STVHCS) which can help veterans with a number of health issues, both physical and mental. This includes complications that are associated with Trauma and PTSD, brain injuries, and conditions that might contribute to legal troubles as well. The STVHCS is a very well-established place of health care services, and was named a top performer by the Joint Commission.
Children's health is also a top priority among mental health providers in San Antonio. San Antonio is home to the Children's Hospital of San Antonio, which specializes in providing children with the best possible health care. Children may face any number of challenges when growing up, including Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), Social Anxiety, and Personality Disorders, and it is important to remember that this can be improved with Child Counseling. Finding the right counselor for a child is the first step in helping parents gain insight to their child's specific health care needs.
There are also many faith-based therapy groups and Christian Counseling available in San Antonio. These programs seek to heal both the body, mind, and soul by integrating modern medicine and the teachings of Jesus Christ. San Antonio is predominantly Christian city, with 63 percent of people being Catholic and 13 percent belonging to Southern Baptist Convention according to the United States Census, but people from all faiths are welcome to attend counseling.
Therapists in San Antonio put their patients needs' first by raising awareness of health insurance plans that also include mental health coverage. TherapyTribe promotes the idea that mental health care should be available to people of all backgrounds, regardless of economic status. TherapyTribe does its best to help you find and build your mental health network in your area quickly and effectively.
Everyone should have a life of comfort and good mental, social, physical, and spiritual health. San Antonio is well equipped with a mental health system for those looking to overcome everything from PTSD to social anxiety to substance abuse and addiction. Reaching outside of your circle is the first step to living a healthier life. Learn about mental health issues and the services available to you in your area and start living a healthier, happier life.


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Chris McGinn
For The Lancaster News
When Nathan Powell was just a toddler, his mother, Cristy, tried to gave him a peanut butter cracker for a snack. He wasn't interested in eating it, but where it touched his skin, he immediately developed hives.
At the doctor's office later, Cristy learned how close she came to losing her son. If he had ingested it, he likely would have died, she said.
Nathan is one of nine Indian Land Elementary School students with a potentially fatal peanut allergy.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the The Lancaster News, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
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Elpicx 2.0 – Dual-Boot LPI Training For Ubuntu/Fedora
Now you can use the recently released Elpicx 2.0 live DVD to dual-boot Ubuntu 8.04 and Fedora 9 KDE with LPI (Linux Professional Institute) training materials like test emulators, reference cards, study notes and exercises for the LPI certification exam. Elpicx 2.0 is available as a 1.6 GB download in German and English. The Elpicx homepage states that "Ubuntu-Documentation and LPIC-Documentation were added together with software to prepare for the LPI exams." It seems the combination of the Ubuntu 8.04 LTS and Fedora 9 desktops along with the LPI training in one package may be the key. Newbies often show symptoms of frustration when left to sort through Linux lingo in the forums. Combining training with the distribution may be what we've all eben waiting for. Buy Elpicx 2.0 on DVD


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26th May 2017
Crystal Yang gets to grips with the language of enterprise tech, and what can be learned from the successful giants of the sector.
My colleague, Elliott Suthers recently published a blog on the need for less jargon in enterprise tech communications, and how as communicators we need to be clearer about what exactly companies do. After reading a recent article about Google establishing itself as 'an AI-focused hardware maker', it made me think about another important element to clearer enterprise tech communications: Translating deep technical specs into real-world application and impact.
Much of what we do is translation. For example: "Three HPE supercomputers with Numalink®7 interconnect that are 12 sockets each paired with 3GHz 12 core E7-8857 v2 7 TB in-memory compute power…" becomes "supercomputing accelerates path to cancer predictions and treatment."
The methodology is part science and part art, but the approach is always to envision how every enterprise story can be threaded back to a story that resonates with an individual reader. Much has been said about the consumerization of the enterprise, but communications is truly the tip of the spear in this case.
This is how the biggest brands in deep enterprise technology have become household names. For example, IBM Watson has an identity independent of IBM, as a cognitive system that can answer difficult questions better than human experts in that field – and Jeopardy champions Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings. More conspicuously, Cisco, the global leader in IT and networking, threaded technology with humanity by famously titling its largest marketing campaign, "The Human Network".
And when recalling the most recognizable enterprise brands, you can't overlook Intel. With "Intel Inside", the semiconductor company did a brilliant job positioning itself as more than a chip developer. With Intel Inside and its famous advertising chime, Intel became a coveted, brand-name technology within the personal computer, and a differentiator for computer hardware companies.
While not every enterprise company needs – or wants – a level of consumer brand awareness that a Sony or Apple enjoys, creating a connection that goes deeper than technical capabilities is critical. This is especially true with commoditized technology like SaaS suites or networking switches. Is this a challenge that you're facing? If so, let's talk.
Grayling Team
15th November 2016
Will Kunkel, Executive Vice President for Creative and Content in Grayling New York, on the final of our #7for17 trends, Live and Uncut'Timing is everything' has been a favorite line to many but...Read More
8th November 2016
Danica Ross, Grayling San Francisco US Executive Vice President, on how brands can guide themselves through the 'the new space race' – part of our #7for17 trends series.In an era where brands...Read More
3rd November 2016
Russell Patten, Chair of Grayling's European Public Affairs practice, looks at one of the major political trends as part of our #7for17 series. It's been a turbulent year in politics, with the...Read More


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zh-CN:Bumblebee From Bumblebee's FAQ:
"Bumblebee is an effort to make NVIDIA Optimus enabled laptops work in GNU/Linux systems. Such feature involves two graphics cards with two different power consumption profiles plugged in a layered way sharing a single framebuffer."
- 1 Bumblebee: Optimus for Linux
- 2 Installation
- 3 Start Bumblebee
- 4 Usage
- 5 Configuration
- 6 CUDA Without Bumblebee
- 7 Troubleshooting
- 7.1 [VGL] ERROR: Could not open display :8
- 7.2 [ERROR]Cannot access secondary GPU
- 7.3 ERROR: ld.so: object 'libdlfaker.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded: ignored
- 7.4 Fatal IO error 11 (Resource temporarily unavailable) on X server
- 7.5 Video tearing
- 7.6 Bumblebee can't connect to socket
- 8 Important Links
Bumblebee: Optimus for Linux
Optimus Technology is an hybrid graphics implementation without a hardware multiplexer. The integrated GPU manages the display while the dedicated GPU manages the most demanding rendering and ships the work to the integrated GPU to be displayed. When the laptop is running on battery supply, the dedicated GPU is turned off to save power and prolong the battery life.
Bumblebee is a software implementation comprising of two parts:
- Render programs off-screen on the dedicated video card and display it on the screen using the integrated video card. This bridge is provided by VirtualGL or primus (read further) and connects to a X server started for the discrete video card.
- Disable the dedicated video card when it is not in use (see the #Power Management section)
It tries to mimic the Optimus technology behavior; using the dedicated GPU for rendering when needed and power it down when not in use. The present releases only support rendering on-demand, automatically starting a program with the discrete video card based on workload is not implemented.
Before installing Bumblebee check your BIOS and activate Optimus (older laptops call it "switchable graphics") if possible (BIOS doesn't have to provide this option), and install the intel driver for the secondary on board graphics card.
Several packages are available for a complete setup:
- bumblebee (or bumblebee-gitAUR) - the main package providing the daemon and client programs.
- (optional) bbswitch (or dkms-bbswitchAUR) - recommended for saving power by disable the Nvidia card.
- (optional) If you want more than just saving power, that is rendering programs on the discrete Nvidia card you also need:
- a driver for the Nvidia card. The open-source nouveau driver or the more closed-source nvidia driver. See the subsection.
- a render/display bridge. Two packages are currently available for that, primus (or primus-gitAUR) and virtualgl. Only one of them is necessary, but installing them side-by-side does not hurt.
primusrun instead of
optirun if you decide to use Primus render bridge.
Installing Bumblebee with Intel / Nvidia
- Install intel-dri, xf86-video-intel, bumblebee and nvidia.
# pacman -S intel-dri xf86-video-intel bumblebee nvidia
If you want to run 32-bit applications (like games with wine) on a 64-bit system you need the lib32-nvidia-utils package too.
# pacman -S lib32-nvidia-utils
Installing Bumblebee with Intel / Nouveau
Install nouveau and required packages first:
# pacman -S xf86-video-nouveau nouveau-dri mesa
- xf86-video-nouveau experimental 3D acceleration driver
- nouveau-dri Mesa classic DRI + Gallium3D drivers
- mesa Mesa 3-D graphics libraries
Start Bumblebee
In order to use Bumblebee it is necessary add yourself (and other users) to the bumblebee group:
# gpasswd -a $USER bumblebee
$USER is the login name of the user to be added. Then log off and on again to apply the group changes.
To start bumblebee automatically at startup, enable
bumblebeed service:
# systemctl enable bumblebeed
Finished - reboot system and use the shell program
optirun for Optimus NVIDIA rendering!
If you simply wish to disable your nvidia card, this should be all that is needed, apart from having
bbswitch installed. The bumblebeed daemon will, by default, instruct bbswitch to turn off the card when it starts. See also the power management section below.
The command line programm
optirun shipped with Bumblebee is your best friend
for running applications on your Optimus NVIDIA card.
Test Bumblebee if it works with your Optimus system:
$ optirun glxgears -info
If it succeeds and the terminal you are running from mentions something about your NVIDIA - Optimus with Bumblebee is working!
General Usage:
$ optirun [options] <application> [application-parameters]
Some Examples:
Start Windows applications with Optimus:
$ optirun wine <windows application>.exe
Use NVIDIA Settings with Optimus:
$ optirun nvidia-settings -c :8
For a list of options for
optirun view its manual page:
$ man optirun
A new program is soon becoming the default choice because of better performance, namely
primus. Currently you need to run this program separately (it does not accept options
optirun), but in the future it will be started by optirun. Usage:
$ primusrun glxgears
You can configure the behaviour of Bumblebee to fit your needs. Fine tuning like speed optimization, power management and other stuff can be configured in
Optimizing Speed when using VirtualGL as bridge
Bumblebee renders frames for your Optimus NVIDIA card in an invisible X Server with VirtualGL and transports them back to your visible X Server.
Frames will be compressed before they are transported - this saves bandwidth and can be used for speed-up optimization of bumblebee:
To use an other compression method for a single application:
$ optirun -c <compress-method> application
The method of compres will affect performance in the GPU/GPU usage. Compressed methods (such as
jpeg) will load the CPU the most but will load GPU the minimum necessary; uncompressed methods loads the most on GPU and the CPU will have the minimum load possible.
Compressed Methods are:
Uncompressed Methods are:
To use a standard compression for all applications set the
VGLTransport to
<compress-method> in
[...] [optirun] VGLTransport=proxy [...]
You can also play with the way VirtualGL reads back the pixels from your graphic card. Setting
VGL_READBACK environment variable to
pbo should increase the performance. Compare these two:
# PBO should be faster. VGL_READBACK=pbo optirun glxspheres # The default value is sync. VGL_READBACK=sync optirun glxspheres
Power Management
The goal of power management feature is to turn off the NVIDIA card when it is not used by bumblebee any more. If bbswitch is installed, it will be detected automatically when the Bumblebee daemon starts. No additional configuration is necessary.
Default power state of NVIDIA card using bbswitch
The default behavior of bbswitch is to leave the card power state unchanged.
bumblebeed does disable
the card when started, so the following is only necessary if you use bbswitch without bumblebeed.
load_state and
unload_state module options according to your needs (see bbswitch documentation).
options bbswitch load_state=0 unload_state=1
Enable NVIDIA card during shutdown
The NVIDIA card may not correctly initialize during boot if the card was powered off when the system was last shutdown. One option is to set
TurnCardOffAtExit=false in
/etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf, however this will enable the card everytime you stop the Bumblebee daemon, even if done manually. To ensure that the NVIDIA card is always powered on during shutdown, add the following hook function (if using bbswitch):
nvidia_card_enable() { BBSWITCH=/proc/acpi/bbswitch stat_busy "Enabling NVIDIA GPU" if [ -w ${BBSWITCH} ]; then echo ON > ${BBSWITCH} stat_done else stat_fail fi } add_hook shutdown_poweroff nvidia_card_enable
Multiple monitors
You can set up multiple monitors with xorg.conf. Set them to use the Intel card, but Bumblebee can still use the NVIDIA card. One example configuration is below for two identical screens with 1080p resolution and using the HDMI out.
Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "intelgpu0" Monitor "Monitor0" DefaultDepth 24 Option "TwinView" "0" SubSection "Display" Depth 24 Modes "1980x1080_60.00" EndSubSection EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen1" Device "intelgpu1" Monitor "Monitor1" DefaultDepth 24 Option "TwinView" "0" SubSection "Display" Depth 24 Modes "1980x1080_60.00" EndSubSection EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor0" Option "Enable" "true" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor1" Option "Enable" "true" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "intelgpu0" Driver "intel" Option "XvMC" "true" Option "UseEvents" "true" Option "AccelMethod" "UXA" BusID "PCI:0:2:0" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "intelgpu1" Driver "intel" Option "XvMC" "true" Option "UseEvents" "true" Option "AccelMethod" "UXA" BusID "PCI:0:2:0" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "nvidiagpu1" Driver "nvidia" BusID "PCI:0:1:0" EndSection
You need to probably change the BusID for both the Intel and the Nvidia card.
$ lspci | grep VGA
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)
The BusID is 0:2:0
CUDA Without Bumblebee
This is not well documented, but you do not need Bumblebee to use CUDA and it may work even on machines where optirun fails. For a guide on how to get it working with the Lenovo IdeaPad Y580 (which uses the GeForce 660M), see: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Lenovo_IdeaPad_Y580#NVIDIA_Card. Those instructions are very likely to work with other machines (except for the acpi-handle-hack part, which may not be necessary).
[VGL] ERROR: Could not open display :8
There is a known problem with some wine applications that fork and kill the parent process without keeping track of it (for example the free to play online game "Runes of Magic")
This is a known problem with VirtualGL. As of bumblebee 3.1, so long as you have it installed, you can use Primus as your render bridge:
$optirun -b primus wine <windows program>.exe
If this does not work, an alternative walkaround for this problem is:
$ optirun bash $ optirun wine <windows program>.exe
If using NVIDIA drivers a fix for this problem is to edit
/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia and change Option
ConnectedMonitor to
[ERROR]Cannot access secondary GPU
No devices detected.
In some instances, running optirun will return:
[ERROR]Cannot access secondary GPU - error: [XORG] (EE) No devices detected. [ERROR]Aborting because fallback start is disabled.
In this case, you will need to move the file
/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf to somewhere else. Restart the bumblebeed daemon, and it should work. If you do need to change some features on Intel module, a workaround is to move your
/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf to
It could be also necessary to comment the driver line in
If you're using the nouveau driver you could try switching to the nVidia driver.
You might need to define the nvidia card somewhere (e.g. file
/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d), and remember to change the BusID using lspci.
Section "Device" Identifier "nvidiagpu1" Driver "nvidia" BusID "PCI:0:1:0" EndSection
NVIDIA(0): Failed to assign any connected display devices to X screen 0
If the console output is:
[ERROR]Cannot access secondary GPU - error: [XORG] (EE) NVIDIA(0): Failed to assign any connected display devices to X screen 0 [ERROR]Aborting because fallback start is disabled.
You can change this line in
Option "ConnectedMonitor" "DFP"
Option "ConnectedMonitor" "CRT"
ERROR: ld.so: object 'libdlfaker.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded: ignored
You probably want to start a 32-bit application with bumblebee on a 64-bit system. See the "Note" box in #Installation.
KeepUnusedXServer in
/etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf from
false to
true. Your program forks into background and bumblebee don't know anything about it.
Video tearing
Video tearing is a somewhat common problem on Bumblebee. To fix it, you need to enable vsync. It should be enabled by default on the Intel card, but verify that from Xorg logs. To check whether or not it is enabled for nvidia, run:
$ optirun nvidia-settings -c :8
X Server XVideo Settings -> Sync to VBlank and
OpenGL Settings -> Sync to VBlank should both be enabled. The Intel card has in general less tearing, so use it for video playback. Especially use VA-API for video decoding (e.g.
mplayer-vaapi and with
-vsync parameter).
Refer to the Intel article on how to fix tearing on the Intel card.
If it is still not fixed, try to disable compositing from your desktop environment. Try also disabling triple buffering.
Bumblebee can't connect to socket
You might get something like:
$ optirun glxspheres
[ 1648.179533] [ERROR]You've no permission to communicate with the Bumblebee daemon. Try adding yourself to the 'bumblebee' group [ 1648.179628] [ERROR]Could not connect to bumblebee daemon - is it running?
If you are already in the
bumblebee group (
$ groups | grep bumblebee), you may try removing the socket
Important Links
Join us at #bumblebee at freenode.net


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Hagel urged to use flexibility to protect civilian workforce.
Lawmakers are pushing back against the Defense Department's plan to furlough civilian employees for 11 days through the rest of the fiscal year.
Sen. Mark Warner, D-Va., urged Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel in a floor speech Thursday to reconsider civilian furloughs for Department of Defense Education Activity teachers. He said children of service members and civilians "too often bear the brunt" of sacrifice, and said that the teachers were a "significant factor" in their educations.
"These families entrust the government with their children's education, and their children should not be made to suffer because of our inability to get our fiscal act together," Warner said.
Hagel on Tuesday announced that civilian employees at Defense would face the 11 furlough days beginning on July 8. Limited exceptions are being granted to shipyard workers, personnel funded through the National Intelligence Program, and workers in public health and safety professions. Teachers working in Defense's schools currently face five furlough days in fiscal 2013. DODEA Director Marilee Fitzgerald told employees in April that the teachers would avoid furloughs through the end of the school year, ensuring that children would receive a fully accredited year.
In the House, more than two-dozen lawmakers signed a letter expressing their concerns over the furloughs facing nearly 700,000 workers. The May 14 letter -- obtained by Government Executive -- asked Hagel to use budget flexibility to "protect [the] civilian workforce."
"Requiring unnecessary civilian furloughs is bad policy and has the appearance of an attempt to impose pain for political gain," the lawmakers wrote. "We urge you to allow the departments and agencies under your leadership to avoid civilian furloughs if they are able."
NEXT STORY: How the Afghan Conflict Will Be Decided


text:
3 1/10 Carat Green Amethyst and Black Diamond 14K White Gold Ring
This ring have just the right size and high grade quality. This item looks so much better in real world than in the preview picture. The black diamonds sparkle so much and the amethyst color is more green (pale green almost clear) than shown in the picture which looks perfect when combined together with the black diamonds. This ring will be the most perfect gift for the one you love.
14k White Gold Marquise Diamond Promise Ring
This ring is absolutely beautiful, lovely, elegant and sparkling. All the tiny stones are purely hypnotic when it catch the light. It has unique design and highly recommend by many customers.
Three Stone Princess Cut Diamond Ring in White Gold
This beautiful stunning ring is sure to make a girl happy. This item is quiet gorgeous, small and thin. Many customers purchase this item as an engagement ring for their love one.
10k Choice of White or Yellow Gold Diamond Promise Ring
This item is small and shine nicely. It has cute and unique design. Great quality when compare with the price.
14k White Gold Black Diamond Ring
This beautiful ring is tiny and square. The setting around the central of the black diamond is an open scroll type design which certainly look like an antique ring. The little diamond chips is fixed well on the band and compliment the center stone. The ring is more contemporary looking in person and sparkle even under lights. This is totally a perfect and the best ring as said by many customers.
white gold diamond rings
April 10, 2008 by white gold diamond


text:
New User Registration
External Applicants
You are an external applicant if you are:
- Not currently employed in a staff or faculty position at Sonoma State University
- A Student Employee
- An Instructional Student Assistant, Teaching Assistant, or Graduate Assistant
During registration, you will be able to create a user name and password.
- Click the External Applicant Login button
- Note: Do not use the back or forward buttons in your Internet browser. Instead, use the navigational buttons and hyperlinks on the application pages
- Click the Click Here to Register hyperlink
- Enter a User Name and Password
- Confirm your Password
- Click the Register button
- In the Careers page click the My Profile hyperlink
- Use the drop-down arrow to select your Preferred Method of Contact
- Enter your First and Last name; all other fields in the Name section are optional
- Use your scroll bar to navigate to the other sections of the page
- Complete the Address 1, City, State and Postal fields; all other address fields are optional
- Use the drop-down arrow to select your Primary Email Type
- Enter the Email Address to correspond with the type
- To add additional email addresses, click the Add Another Email Addresshyperlink
- Use the drop-down arrow to select your Primary Phone Type
- Enter the Phone Number associated with the type
- To add additional phone numbers, click the Add Another Phone Numberhyperlink
- Click Save
Internal Applicants
You are an internal applicant if you are:
- A current employee in a staff or faculty position at Sonoma State University
Note: Student employees are not considered Internal Applicants. Students working as student assistants, work study students, or instructional student assistants should apply as external applicants.
Internal Applicants do not need to register. Instead, just use your existing Seawolf username and password to login.


text:
Reviewed by Arielle S. (age 8)
My favorite part was when Mrs. Huggins was tip-tapping in high heels.
The book reminds me of my two dogs that died. It all started when my family was going to Connecticut. My Memere forgot to take Simba off the chain and he got hit by an 18 wheeler, but now we have a new dog named Hunny.
I felt good when I read Ribsy because it felt like my two dogs were still there. I recommend this book to age seven to eleven.
There were 192 pages.