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Jeronimo - Buggy 2.0 - Black 04
Shipping & Other Charges
Processing: Please allow 3-4 days for processing of your order.
Processing: Please allow 3-4 days for processing of your order.
To give you the biggest saving, your goods are sent direct from the overseas manufacturers, suppliers or wholesalers.
Please note that purchases which contains batteries may not be shipped by DHL/Fedex/TNT/UPS/Buffalo and is best sent with EMS.
Registered post (snail mail): Delivery can take 60-90 days, although we have experienced some deliveries in 30 days. Packages will be delivered to the post office of the postal code used. Please note that if you take this option delivery might take longer due to the very unreliable service from our postal service.
EMS delivery: Delivery takes about 20-35 days. This is a much faster option than registered post, yet more affordable than DHL/Fedex/UPS. Packages will be delivered to the post office of the postal code used.
DHL/Fedex/UPS delivery: Delivery takes about 7-10 business days. Delivery is a door to door service.
- Please note that there can be additional delays at customs and we can not be held accountable for such actions.
- Additional taxes and duties may be calculated by customs which will be for the buyer's account.
- Expedited Courier Shipping is available on most products, if you have selected courier as a shipping method on an item that may not ship with courier we will contact you before processing your order for additional arrangements.
- Expedited Shipping may attract admin/disbursement fees from the courier upon delivery for taxes paid which is for the buyer's account.
- For every order a tracking number will be supplied as soon as the package has been shipped.
- The package can be tracked on www.17track.net.
- You can also download the mobile app where the package can be tracked and to be updated of any status changes with push notification.


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All memorial beads are handmade with your flower petals creating beautiful colors for your custom flower petal jewelry for yourself or to give as a memorial gift in memory of a loved one.
Description: A 12mm handmade Bellabead accented by daisy spacers and topped with a flat freshwater pearl. This pendant is part of the Pearls and Grace Collection.
Colors: The color of your pendant will depend on the color of your flowers. We can combine up to three colors in one bead.
Materials: We can use your fresh petals from an event this week or dried petals from flowers you have saved for years. We can add ashes along with your flower petals. All other components are sterling silver.
Other information: This pendant requires 4-5 petals to create (rose size is a good reference) If you have flowers with smaller petals such as hydrangea, mums, monkshood, etc., send a few more blooms.
If you are sending ashes, we need one teaspoon (ashes not used in your jewelry will be returned along with your completed order).
A 16" sterling silver chain is included. Upgrade to a 18", 20" or 24" chain by making your selection at checkout.
Matching bracelet and earrings are available.
How many petals do I need to send?
Look at the description above under Other information. You will find how many petals we need to create this specific piece of jewelry.
Do I have to overnight my petals?
Only fresh petals. Dried petals can be send via regular mail.
How do I package my petals and or ashes?
Click on this link Mailing Petals
Will you let me know when you receive my petals?
Yes, we send an order confirmation email and estimated time of completion.
What kind of flowers can you use to make my jewelry?
All flowers do very well with the exception of succulents. Some filler flowers (baby's breath, caspia, etc.) cannot be used. We can use leaves and greenery in our jewelry designs.
I have a lot of petals. I don't know what colors will look good together?
On the Shipping Enclosure Form make a note to receive a phone call for color selection (provide a day-time phone number). You can also request "designer's choice"; our designers will choose the best colors to compliment your jewelry selection.


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Cavani offers Chelsea & Manchester City transfer hope
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Edinson Cavani has hinted he won't make the move to join a Spanish club this summer - boosting Chelsea and Manchester City's chances of landing the prolific forward.
Cavani has been heavily linked with a move to some of Europe's biggest teams this summer, and has hinted he is willing to leave Napoli.
Chelsea and Manchester City are said to be battling it out for the hot-shot Uruguayan's signature.
Real Madrid have also been credited with an interest in the 26-year-old, however Cavani says his game isn't naturally suited to La Liga - leaving the door open for Manchester City and Chelsea to make their move.
"I don't know if Spanish football suits me," he admitted.
"Football there is wonderful as everyone knows, you have more freedom, but I don't know what will happen."
Chelsea are believed to have had a bid for Cavani turned down already, while Manchester City have also reportedly failed with a cash-plus-player offer including Edin Dzeko in the past.
The latest batch of reports suggest Chelsea are ready to come back with a new offer for the striker - although they won't meet his £53 million release clause.
Napoli chairman Aurelio De Laurentiis confirmed last week that Chelsea had been in touch of the possibility of a deal for the forward.
A move for Cavani would cast doubt over Fernando Torres's future at Chelsea. Reports from Spain today suggest the former Liverpooll man is a target for Barcelona.News Now - Sport News


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Georgia PSC approves Georgia Power's solar initiative
The Georgia Public Service Commission (PSC) approved Georgia Power's new solar initiative in a 5-0 vote on November 20. The Georgia Power Advanced Solar Initiative ("GPASI"), creates the largest voluntarily developed solar portfolio from an investor-owned utility. Through GPASI, Georgia Power will acquire 210 megawatts of additional solar capacity through long term contracts over a two-year period.
"We are pleased the Commission has approved our Advanced Solar Initiative," said Georgia Power President and CEO Paul Bowers. "Developed in cooperation with the PSC, our solar plan will encourage new, cost competitive opportunities for solar development in our state while helping Georgia Power continue to build a diverse generation portfolio that provides our customers with the safest, most reliable and most cost effective electric system in the nation."
To meet the target of 210 megawatts, Georgia Power's Utility Scale program will purchase 60 megawatts annually for two years through a competitive request for proposal (RFP) program with projects ranging in size from 1-20 megawatts. By as early 2013, a Distributed Scale program will provide opportunities for up to 45 megawatts per year of smaller solar projects with specific reservations for Small Scale (less than 100 kW) and Medium Scale (100-1,000 kW) projects.
RFPs for the Utility Scale program will be conducted in 2013 and 2014 and require commercial operation dates in 2015 and 2016. Georgia Power could begin signing solar contracts under the Distributed Scale program as early first quarter of 2013.
The GPASI complements the company's existing solar resources, which include leading-edge research and demonstration projects and a 50 megawatt Large Scale Solar program already in place.
Since the creation of the company's Green Energy Program in 2003, which enables customers to support and foster the growth of renewable energy resources, Georgia Power has consistently pursued opportunities to grow solar in the state. Through various initiatives, including the Large Scale Solar Program approved in 2011, Georgia Power has worked closely with the PSC to add solar economically to its portfolio. There are currently 61.5 megawatts under contract – enough green energy to power approximately 7600 homes.
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Improve our Capture-HPC and Capture-BAT high interaction client honeypots, including bug fixing, improved performance, new functionality and simplified use.
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Deliverables: Capture-HPC and Capture-BAT with new funtionalities as open source applications. Documentations are also available for communities (for using and developing)
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Information for Parents:
All of us at USU are committed to helping your student succeed in their university experience, including giving them the best financial assistance we can.
Incoming students are automatically considered for scholarships as part of the admissions process. Continuing students apply directly to their academic departments for scholarships. The following information is of particular interest to parents.
Q. Why do I need to provide my financial information for my child to apply?
Federal financial aid is based on the premise that families hold the primary responsibility for paying for college. Federal law specifies who can be considered independent for the purposes of financial aid. If your son or daughter fits into any of the following categories, they are considered independent.
- 24 years old
- working on a masters or PhD program
- an orphan or ward of the court
- qualifying veteran of the armed forces (does not include active duty in the reserves or national guard for training)
- married on the date they filed the FAFSA
- dependents receive more than half their support from the student
- currently on active duty in the U.S. armed forces for purposes other than training
If none of the above applies to your student, federal law requires you to supply financial information on the application - even if they no longer live with you; or you don't claim them on your taxes; or you consider them financially independent. We do not share financial information with anyone outside the financial aid office.
Q. Do I need a FSA ID?
You can use your FSA IS to sign your student's federal aid application (FAFSA). This greatly speeds up the processing. You can apply for a FSA ID online and use the same FSA ID for all your children.
Q. Can I call you about my student's financial aid?
Yes, but, federal privacy law requires us to protect students' information and privacy. Your student can give USU permission to discuss their aid by sharing their USU ID (A-Number) and SecurityPhrase with you. We require a SecurityPhrase to verify permission has been given so that we can answer any sensitive questions about your student's financial aid. Ask your student to create or update their SecurityPhrase.
Q. How do I apply for a Parent PLUS Loan?
- Only parents of dependent students (according to FAFSA) can receive Parent PLUS loans.
- You and your student must submit a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).
- Apply for a PLUS loan on Student Loans.gov. You will need to sign in with your own (parent) FSA ID to apply.
- You will also need to sign a Master Promissory Note on Student Loans.gov. USU will download your application and send your student a notification when the loan has been certified.


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While my primary focus is (and remains) Flash, I am an interactive developer. I would be sorely remiss to ignore other technologies. Not only does knowledge of other technologies potentially open new project opportunities, but it lets me reinvest ideas and mental models from them back into my work with Flash. Working with C# has already sparked some new ideas for me (not to mention a few AS3 feature requests). Knowledge of alternative technologies also lets us suggest the best possible solutions for our customers or talk them out of a bad one.
That thought should be extended to all technologies, including HTML5. As an interactive developer you have to be familiar with the technologies around you. The best part is that it's a great way to get ideas for what you want in Flash/AS3 as Grant is finding with C#.


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Lactose Intolerance in Infants, Children, and Adolescents
The American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition presents an updated review of lactose intolerance in infants, children, and adolescents. Differences between primary, secondary, congenital, and developmental lactase deficiency that may result in lactose intolerance are discussed. Children with suspected lactose intolerance can be assessed clinically by dietary lactose elimination or by tests including noninvasive hydrogen breath testing or invasive intestinal biopsy determination of lactase (and other disaccharidase) concentrations. Treatment consists of use of lactase-treated dairy products or oral lactase supplementation, limitation of lactose-containing foods, or dairy elimination. The American Academy of Pediatrics supports use of dairy foods as an important source of calcium for bone mineral health and of other nutrients that facilitate growth in children and adolescents. If dairy products are eliminated, other dietary sources of calcium or calcium supplements need to be provided.
- abdominal pain
- breath tests
- calcium
- dietary
- dairy products
- diarrhea
- flatulence
- lactase
- malabsorption
- pediatric
Significant changes in our knowledge and approach toward lactose intolerance have occurred over the past quarter century, since the first statement on lactose intolerance was published by the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition.1 Lactose ingestion in certain susceptible individuals can cause abdominal symptoms that are variable and can be treated with dietary restriction or enzyme replacement, depending on the amount of lactose consumed and the degree of lactase deficiency. Pediatricians and other pediatric care providers should maintain awareness of the benefits and controversies related to the consumption of dietary milk products and milk-based infant formula. The lactose content of milk often influences, correctly or not, the ultimate decision about the use or continuation of milk in the diet. Milk and dairy-product avoidance has a negative effect on calcium and vitamin D intake in infants, children, and adolescents. Other nutrients such as protein make dairy products an important source of nutrition for growing children. This revised statement will update the initial statement of 1978 while incorporating changes from the 1990 supplement2 and current state-of-the-art relating to lactose intolerance. Recommendations regarding dietary calcium have been updated recently.3
Lactose, a disaccharide that comprises the monosaccharides glucose and galactose, is the primary carbohydrate found exclusively in mammalian milk. Absorption of lactose requires lactase activity in the small intestinal brush border to split the bond linking the 2 monosaccharides. A β-galactosidase termed "lactase-phlorizin hydrolase" (lactase) accounts for most of the lactase activity in the intestinal mucosa.4 Lactase is found in the small intestine and localized to the tips of the villi, a factor of clinical importance when considering the effect of diarrheal illness on the ability to tolerate milk.
Milk intolerance may be attributed to either the lactose or the protein content. Lactose intolerance can occur among infants and young children with acute diarrheal disease, although the clinical significance of this is limited except in more severely affected children. Symptoms of lactose intolerance are relatively common among older children and adolescents; however, associated intestinal injury is infrequently seen. Lactose intolerance is a distinct entity from cow milk–protein sensitivity, which involves the immune system and causes varying degrees of injury to the intestinal mucosal surface. Cow milk–protein intolerance is reported in 2% to 5% of infants within the first 1 to 3 months of life, typically resolves by 1 year of age, and is not the subject of this statement.5,6
Following are definitions of terms used in the remainder of this statement:
Lactose intolerance is a clinical syndrome of 1 or more of the following: abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, flatulence, and/or bloating after the ingestion of lactose or lactose-containing food substances. The amount of lactose that will cause symptoms varies from individual to individual, depending on the amount of lactose consumed, the degree of lactase deficiency, and the form of food substance in which the lactose is ingested.
Lactose malabsorption is the physiologic problem that manifests as lactose intolerance and is attributable to an imbalance between the amount of ingested lactose and the capacity for lactase to hydrolyze the disaccharide.
Primary lactase deficiency is attributable to relative or absolute absence of lactase that develops in childhood at various ages in different racial groups and is the most common cause of lactose malabsorption and lactose intolerance. Primary lactase deficiency is also referred to as adult-type hypolactasia, lactase nonpersistence, or hereditary lactase deficiency.
Secondary lactase deficiency is lactase deficiency that results from small bowel injury, such as acute gastroenteritis, persistent diarrhea, small bowel overgrowth, cancer chemotherapy, or other causes of injury to the small intestinal mucosa, and can present at any age but is more common in infancy.
Congenital lactase deficiency is extremely rare; teleologically, infants with congenital lactase deficiency would not be expected to survive before the 20th century, when no readily accessible and nutritionally adequate lactose-free human milk substitute was available.
Developmental lactase deficiency is now defined as the relative lactase deficiency observed among preterm infants of less than 34 weeks' gestation.
Primary Lactase Deficiency
Approximately 70% of the world's population has primary lactase deficiency.7,8 The percentage varies according to ethnicity and is related to the use of dairy products in the diet, resulting in genetic selection of individuals with the ability to digest lactose (Table 1). In populations with a predominance of dairy foods in the diet, particularly northern European people, as few as 2% of the population has primary lactase deficiency. In contrast, the prevalence of primary lactase deficiency is 50% to 80% in Hispanic people, 60% to 80% in black and Ashkenazi Jewish people, and almost 100% in Asian and American Indian people.9–11 The age of onset and its prevalence differ among various populations. Approximately 20% of Hispanic, Asian, and black children younger than 5 years of age have evidence of lactase deficiency and lactose malabsorption,12 whereas white children typically do not develop symptoms of lactose intolerance until after 4 or 5 years of age. Recent molecular studies of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (lactase) have correlated the genetic polymorphism of messenger RNA expression with persistence of lactase activity, demonstrating early loss (at 1–2 years of age) of messenger RNA expression and enzyme activity in Thai children and late (10–20 years of age) loss of activity in Finnish children.11,13 The clinical relevance of these observations is that children with clinical signs of lactose intolerance at an earlier age than is typical for a specific ethnic group may warrant an evaluation for an underlying cause, because primary lactase deficiency would otherwise be unusual at such a young age. Although primary lactase deficiency may present with a relatively acute onset of milk intolerance, its onset typically is subtle and progressive over many years. Most lactase-deficient individuals experience onset of symptoms in late adolescence and adulthood.
Reports that focus on clinical symptoms of lactase deficiency are prone to subjectivity, confounding clinical diagnosis. For instance, when lactase-deficient adults were given 2 glasses of milk or 2 glasses of lactose-hydrolyzed milk per day in a double-blind, crossover study, no statistical differences in symptoms of lactose intolerance were found regardless of whether the individual described himself or herself as lactose intolerant.14 Even lactose-intolerant adults may find that 1 glass of milk or a scoop of ice cream is tolerated, whereas an additional glass of milk or other milk product may produce symptoms. Because of the variation of dairy intake in each individual's diet and in the amount of lactose contained in different products, symptoms may vary and be modified by diet and by milk-containing foods (see "Management"). For these reasons, dietary history is an unreliable means to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of lactose intolerance.
Secondary Lactase Deficiency
Secondary lactase deficiency implies that an underlying pathophysiologic condition is responsible for the lactase deficiency and subsequent lactose malabsorption. Etiologies include acute infection (eg, rotavirus) causing small intestinal injury with loss of the lactase-containing epithelial cells from the tips of the villi. The immature epithelial cells that replace these are often lactase deficient, leading to secondary lactose deficiency and lactose malabsorption, although several reports indicate that lactose malabsorption in most children with acute gastroenteritis is not clinically important.15 Several recent studies and a meta-analysis found that children with rotaviral (and other infectious) diarrheal illnesses who have no or only mild dehydration can safely continue human milk or standard (lactose-containing) formula without any significant effect on outcome, including hydration status, nutritional status, duration of illness, or success of therapy.16–18 However, in the at-risk infant (eg, younger than 3 months or malnourished) who develops infectious diarrhea, lactose intolerance may be a significant factor that will influence the evolution of the illness. Giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and other parasites that infect the proximal small intestine often lead to lactose malabsorption from direct injury to the epithelial cells by the parasite. Secondary lactase deficiency with clinical signs of lactose intolerance can be seen in celiac disease, Crohn disease, and immune-related and other enteropathies and should be considered in these children. Diagnostic evaluation should be directed toward these entities when secondary lactase deficiency is suspected and an infectious etiology is not found.
Young infants with severe malnutrition develop small intestinal atrophy that also leads to secondary lactase deficiency.19 Although uncommon in the United States, malnutrition is associated with lactose malabsorption and carbohydrate intolerance in developing countries.20 Lactose malabsorption has also been associated with poor growth in these countries.21 Most infants and children with malabsorption attributable to malnutrition are able to continue to tolerate dietary carbohydrates, including lactose.22 However, the World Health Organization recommends avoidance of lactose-containing milks in children with persistent postinfectious diarrhea (diarrhea lasting more than 14 days) when they fail a dietary trial of milk or yogurt.23
Treatment of secondary lactase deficiency and lactose malabsorption attributable to an underlying condition generally does not require elimination of lactose from the diet but, rather, treatment of the underlying condition. Once the primary problem is resolved, lactose-containing products can often be consumed normally, and these excellent sources of calcium and other nutrients need not be unnecessarily excluded from the diet.
Developmental (Neonatal) Lactase Deficiency
In the immature gastrointestinal tract, lactase and other disaccharidases are deficient until at least 34 weeks' gestation.24 One study in preterm infants reported benefit from use of lactase-supplemented feedings or lactose-reduced formulas,25 and the use of lactose-containing formulas and human milk does not seem to have any short- or long-term deleterious effects in preterm infants.26 Up to 20% of the dietary lactose may reach the colon in neonates and young infants. Bacterial metabolism of colonic lactose lowers the fecal pH (5.0–5.5 is normal), which has a beneficial effect, favoring certain organisms (eg, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species) in lieu of potential pathogens (Proteus species, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella species) in young infants. Antimicrobial agents may also affect this colonization.
Congenital Lactase Deficiency
Congenital lactase deficiency is a rare disorder that has been reported in only a few infants.27,28 Affected newborn infants present with intractable diarrhea as soon as human milk or lactose-containing formula is introduced. Small intestinal biopsies reveal normal histologic characteristics but low or completely absent lactase concentrations.29,30 Unless this is recognized and treated quickly, the condition is life-threatening because of dehydration and electrolyte losses. Treatment is simply removal and substitution of lactose from the diet with a commercial lactose-free formula.
Symptoms of lactose intolerance, including abdominal distention, flatulence, abdominal cramping, and (ultimately) diarrhea, are independent of the cause of lactose malabsorption and are directly related to the quantity of ingested lactose. These symptoms are not necessarily correlated with the degree of intestinal lactase deficiency. Malabsorbed lactose generates an osmotic load that draws fluid and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen, leading to loose stool. The onset of diarrhea and other symptoms is related to the amount of lactose that is not absorbed. As little as 12 g of lactose (the amount of lactose in an 8-oz glass of milk) may be sufficient to cause symptoms in children with chronic abdominal pain.31 In addition, unabsorbed lactose is a substrate for intestinal bacteria, especially in the colon. Bacteria metabolize lactose, producing volatile fatty acids and gases (methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen), leading to flatulence. The fatty acids lower the fecal pH, making the fecal pH test a nonspecific but sometimes helpful marker for lactose (or other carbohydrate) malabsorption. When sufficient intestinal gas is produced by the bacterial metabolic processes to cause stimulation of the intestinal nervous system by intestinal distention, visceral (abdominal) cramping results.
Initial studies using lactose hydrogen breath tests documented lactose malabsorption in up to 40% of children and adolescents presenting with abdominal pain.32 However, recent studies suggest that the prevalence of abdominal symptoms related to lactose intolerance documented by hydrogen breath tests is variable and ranges from 2% in Finnish children to 24% in southern US children.33,34
A good clinical history often reveals a relationship between lactose ingestion and symptoms. When lactose intolerance is suspected, a lactose-free diet can be tried (Tables 2 and 3). 35 During a diagnostic lactose-free diet, it is important that all sources of lactose be eliminated, requiring the reading of food labels to identify "hidden" sources of lactose. Generally, a 2-week trial of a strict lactose-free diet with resolution of symptoms and subsequent reintroduction of dairy foods with recurrence of symptoms can be diagnostic. In more-subtle cases, the hydrogen breath test is the least invasive and most helpful test to diagnose lactose malabsorption. The test has been shown to be more reliable than history, because some patients think they are lactose intolerant when they prove not to be, and others prove to be lactose intolerant (lactose malabsorbers) when they think they are not.36,37 The test is performed by administration of a standardized amount of lactose (2 g/kg, up to a maximum of 25 g, equivalent to the amount of lactose in 2 8-oz glasses of milk) after fasting overnight and then measuring the amount of hydrogen in expired air over a 2- to 3-hour period. An increase (>20 ppm) in the hydrogen expired after approximately 60 minutes is consistent with lactose malabsorption. Factors that may produce false-negative or false-positive results include conditions affecting the intestinal flora (eg, recent use of antimicrobial agents), lack of hydrogen-producing bacteria (10%–15% of the population), ingestion of high-fiber diets before the test, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, or intestinal motility disorders. A pediatric gastroenterologist should be consulted to interpret the results of this test.
The older lactose-tolerance test was previously relied on as the primary test of lactose malabsorption before the breath hydrogen test became available. Lactose intolerance was diagnosed by onset of symptoms and/or positive test results after ingestion of a standard lactose dose (2 g/kg of body weight or 50 g/m2 of body surface area; maximum 50 g in a 20% water solution). If the maximum increase in blood glucose concentration was less than 26 mg/dL after a lactose-tolerance test dose, lactose malabsorption was diagnosed. The lactose-tolerance test is not sensitive enough to determine if a subject is malabsorbing some lactose. It is also often falsely positive because of lack of an increase of blood glucose concentration attributable to normal insulin response to the carbohydrate load. Given the high rate of false-negative and false-positive results, this test should not be used and has been replaced by the hydrogen breath test.
Other tests are available in consultation with a pediatric gastroenterologist to diagnose lactose intolerance. If an underlying cause for secondary lactose intolerance is suspected, testing for intestinal etiologies includes stool examination, particularly for parasites affecting the upper gastrointestinal tract such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidia species, and blood tests for celiac disease (ie, total immunoglobulin A concentration and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody38,39) or immunodeficiency (quantitative immunoglobulins). Intestinal biopsy may be needed to uncover an underlying gastrointestinal mucosal problem that is causing the lactose malabsorption. Biopsies can yield direct measurement of disaccharidase concentrations to document lactase deficiency directly and assess the status of the other brush-border disaccharidases (sucrase, maltase, isomaltase), which may also be deficient under various circumstances. However, intestinal lactase concentrations do not seem to correlate well with symptoms of lactose intolerance.40
Newer tests may eventually yield additional detailed information pertaining to the prevalence and significance of lactose intolerance.41 For example, the [13C]lactose breath test is being considered as a test to augment the accuracy of the breath hydrogen test but is still primarily an investigational tool.42,43
In infants with diarrhea in whom lactose (or other carbohydrate) intolerance is suspected, stool can be screened for malabsorbed carbohydrate by testing fecal pH, which decreases with carbohydrate malabsorption as a result of the formation of volatile fatty acids. It should be remembered that fecal pH will normally be lower (5.0–5.5) in infants compared with older children and adolescents because of the physiologic overload of lactose in their diets, which in turn helps to favor growth of Lactobacillus species in the colon. Fecal reducing substances can also be measured and become positive by excretion of a reducing sugar in the stools. Reducing sugars include lactose, glucose, fructose, and galactose but not sucrose. Because some patients may only malabsorb enough carbohydrates, such as lactose, to lower the fecal pH but not increase excretion of carbohydrate in the stool, the pH test is a more sensitive test for carbohydrate malabsorption.
When children are diagnosed with lactose intolerance, avoidance of milk and other dairy products will relieve symptoms. However, those with primary lactose intolerance have varying degrees of lactase deficiency and, correspondingly, often tolerate varying amounts of dietary lactose. Lactose-intolerant children (and their parents) should realize that ingestion of dairy products resulting in symptoms generally leads to transient symptoms without causing harm to the gastrointestinal tract (as compared with celiac disease or allergic reactions, including milk-protein intolerance, that can lead to ongoing inflammation and mucosal damage). Although lactose malabsorption does not predispose to calcium malabsorption,44 avoidance of milk products to control symptoms may be problematic for optimal bone mineralization. Children who avoid milk have been documented to ingest less-than-recommended amounts of calcium needed for normal bone calcium accretion and bone mineralization.45,46
Lactose-free and lactose-reduced milks (and lactose-free whole milk for children younger than 2 years) are widely available in supermarkets and can be obtained with WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children) vouchers. Although lactose-free milk is more expensive than regular milk, some major chain stores sell less-expensive lactose-free milk under their own brand names.
Beyond infancy, substitutes for cow milk based on rice, soy, or other proteins are readily available and are generally free of lactose, although the nutrient content of most of these milks is not equivalent to cow milk. Other mammalian milks, including goat milk, are not free of lactose. Tolerance to milk products may be partial, so that dietary maneuvers alone may help avoid symptoms in some individuals. Small amounts of lactose in portions of 4 to 8 oz spaced throughout the day and consumed with other foods may be tolerated with no symptoms.47–51 Some children are able to drink 1 to 2 glasses of milk each day without difficulty but cannot tolerate more without developing symptoms.14 Many lactose-intolerant individuals who are intolerant of milk can tolerate milk chocolate52 and/or yogurt (plain better than flavored), because the bacteria in the yogurt partially digest the lactose into glucose and galactose before consumption.53,54 In addition, yogurt's semisolid state slows gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit, resulting in fewer symptoms of lactose intolerance.55 Furthermore, ingestion of other solid foods delays gastric emptying, providing additional time for endogenous lactase to digest dietary lactose. Aged cheeses tend to have lower lactose content than other cheeses and, thus, may also be better tolerated. Finally, oral lactase-replacement capsules or predigested milk or dairy products with lactase are readily available and will often permit a lactose-intolerant individual to be able to take some or all milk products freely.56 Because the vitamin D content in milk-substitute products varies, labels must be checked to verify the vitamin D content of individual brands.
Even among population groups with significant lactose intolerance, the importance of dietary dairy products has been stressed. For example, the National Medical Association recently recommended that black people consume 3 to 4 servings per day of low-fat milk, cheese, and/or yogurt and that lactose-free milk be used as an alternative for those who are intolerant of these other products to help reduce the risk of nutrient-related chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.57
Milk and dairy products are often well tolerated by many children with underlying inflammatory conditions of the intestines, including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, in whom the prevalence of lactose intolerance does not seem to be any greater than in the general population.58–61
Lactose-Free Formulas
In developed countries, even in the case of acute gastroenteritis, enough lactose digestion and absorption are preserved so that low-lactose and lactose-free formulas have no clinical advantages compared with standard lactose-containing formulas except in severely undernourished children, in whom lactose-containing formulas may worsen the diarrhea and lactose-free formulas may be advantageous.62 Breastfed infants should be continued on human milk in all cases.57 This has also been reviewed recently in the American Academy of Pediatrics' practice guideline for acute gastroenteritis.63 The use of lactase in formulas for preterm infants has been noted above. Although lactose-free cow milk–protein-based formulas are readily available and popular, no studies have documented that these formulas have any clinical impact on infant outcome measures including colic, growth, or development.64
Lactose, Calcium Absorption, and Bone Mineral Content
Recent evidence indicates that dietary lactose enhances calcium absorption and, conversely, that lactose-free diets result in lower calcium absorption.65 Thus, lactose intolerance (and lactose-free diets) theoretically may predispose to inadequate bone mineralization, a problem now recognized in many other disorders affecting pediatric patients.45,46 The effects of lactose-free diets in childhood on long-term bone mineral content and risk of fractures and osteoporosis with aging remains to be clarified. Calcium homeostasis is also affected by protein intake, vitamin D status, salt intake, and genetic and other factors, making long-term studies essential to determine the risks of each or all of these to bone health. Recent studies suggest that in the future, genetic testing may be useful for identifying individuals at increased risk of lactase deficiency and consequent diminished bone mineral density,66 potentially allowing early intervention with dietary manipulation or nutrient supplementation. Recent research has even suggested that gene-replacement therapies might someday be available for susceptible individuals.67
Lactose intolerance has been recognized for many years as a common problem in many children and most adults throughout the world. Although rarely life-threatening, the symptoms of lactose intolerance can lead to significant discomfort, disrupted quality of life, and loss of school attendance, leisure and sports activities, and work time, all at a cost to individuals, families, and society. Treatment is relatively simple and aimed at reducing or eliminating the inciting substance, lactose, by eliminating it from the diet or by "predigesting" it with supplemental lactase-enzyme replacement. Calcium must be provided by alternate nondairy dietary sources or as a dietary supplement to individuals who avoid milk intake.
Lactose intolerance is a common cause of abdominal pain in older children and teenagers.
Lactose intolerance attributable to primary lactase deficiency is uncommon before 2 to 3 years of age in all populations; when lactose malabsorption becomes apparent before 2 to 3 years of age, other etiologies must be sought.
Evaluation for lactose intolerance can be achieved relatively easily by dietary elimination and challenge. More-formal testing is usually noninvasive, typically with fecal pH in the presence of watery diarrhea and hydrogen breath testing.
If lactose-free diets are used for treatment of lactose intolerance, the diets should include a good source of calcium and/or calcium supplementation to meet daily recommended intake levels.
Treatment of lactose intolerance by elimination of milk and other dairy products is not usually necessary given newer approaches to lactose intolerance, including the use of partially digested products (such as yogurts, cheeses, products containing Lactobacillusacidophilus, and pretreated milks56,68). Evidence that avoidance of dairy products may lead to inadequate calcium intake and consequent suboptimal bone mineralization makes these important as alternatives to milk. Dairy products remain principle sources of protein and other nutrients that are essential for growth in children.
Committee on Nutrition, 2005–2006
Frank R. Greer, MD, Chairperson
Jatinder J.S. Bhatia, MD
Stephen R. Daniels, MD, PhD
Melvin B. Heyman, MD
Marcie B. Schneider, MD
Dan W. Thomas, MD
Robert D. Baker, Jr, MD, PhD
Sue Ann Anderson, PhD, RD
Food and Drug Administration
Donna Blum-Kemelor, MS, RD
US Department of Agriculture
Margaret P. Boland, MD
Canadian Paediatric Society
Laurence Grummer-Strawn, PhD
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Capt Van S. Hubbard, MD, PhD
National Institutes of Health
Benson M. Silverman, MD
Food and Drug Administration
Raymond J. Koteras, MHA
All clinical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics automatically expire 5 years after publication unless reaf.rmed, revised, or retired at or before that time.
- ↵American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. The practical significance of lactose intolerance in children. Pediatrics.1978;62 :240– 245
- ↵American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. Practical significance of lactose intolerance in children: supplement. Pediatrics.1990;86 :643– 644
- ↵American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. Optimizing bone health and calcium intake of infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics.2006; 117:578– 585
- ↵Semenza G. Anchoring and biosynthesis of stalked brush border membrane proteins: glycosidases and peptidases of enterocytes and renal tubuli. Annu Rev Cell Biol.1986;2 : 255–313
- ↵American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. Hypoallergenic infant formulas. Pediatrics.2000;106 : 346–349
- ↵Host A, Jacobsen HP, Halken S, Holmenlund D. The natural history of cow's milk protein allergy/intolerance. Eur J Clin Nutr.1995; 49(suppl 1):S13– S18
- ↵Kretchmer N. Lactose and lactase: a historical perspective. Gastroenterology.1971;61 : 805–813
- ↵Kretchmer N. On the homology between human development and pediatrics. Pediatr Res.1968;2 : 283–286
- ↵Paige DM, Bayless TM, Mellitis ED, Davis L. Lactose malabsorption in preschool black children. Am J Clin Nutr.1977;30 : 1018–1022
- Lloyd ML, Olsen WA. Disaccharide malabsorption. In: Haubrich WS, Schaffner F, Berk JE, eds. Bockus Gastroenterology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 1995:1087–1100
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- ↵Woteki CE, Weser E, Young EA. Lactose malabsorption in Mexican-American children. Am J Clin Nutr.1976;29 : 19–24
- ↵Wang Y, Harvey CB, Hollox EJ, et al. The genetically programmed down-regulation of lactase in children. Gastroenterology.1998; 114:1230– 1236
- ↵Suarez FL, Savaiano D, Arbisi P, Levitt MD. Tolerance to the daily ingestion of two cups of milk by individuals claiming lactose intolerance. Am J Clin Nutr.1997; 65:1502– 1506
- ↵Sandhu BK, Isolauri E, Walker-Smith JA, et al. A multicentre study on behalf of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Working Group on Acute Diarrhoea. Early feeding in childhood gastroenteritis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.1997; 24:522– 527
- ↵Bhatnagar S, Bhan MK, Singh KD, Saxena SK, Shariff M. Efficacy of milk-based diets in persistent diarrhea: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics.1996; 98:1122– 1126
- ↵Brown KH, Peerson JM, Fontaine O. Use of nonhuman milks in the dietary management of young children with acute diarrhea: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pediatrics.1994; 93: 17–27
- ↵Nichols BL, Dudley MA, Nichols VN, et al. Effects of malnutrition on expression and activity of lactase in children. Gastroenterology.1997; 112:742– 751
- ↵Northrop-Clewes CA, Lunn PG, Downes RM. Lactose maldigestion in breast-feeding Gambian infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.1997;24 :257– 263
- ↵Wharton B, Howells G, Phillips I. Diarrhoea in kwashiorkor. Br Med J.1968;4 :608– 611
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- ↵World Health Organization, International Working Group on Persistent Diarrhoea. Evaluation of an algorithm for the treatment of persistent diarrhoea: a multicenter study. Bull World Health Organ.1996;74 :479– 489
- ↵Antonowicz I, Lebenthal E. Developmental patterns of small intestinal enterokinase and disaccharidase activities in the human fetus. Gastroenterology.1977;72 :1299– 1303
- ↵Erasmus HD, Ludwig-Auser HM, Paterson PG, Sun D, Sankaran K. Enhanced weight gain in preterm infants receiving lactase-treated feeds: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. J Pediatr.2002;141 :532– 537
- ↵Shulman RJ, Feste A, Ou C. Absorption of lactose, glucose polymers, or combination in premature infants. J Pediatr.1995;127 :626– 631
- ↵Lifshitz F. Congenital lactase deficiency. J Pediatr.1966;69 :229– 237
- ↵Savilahti E, Launiala K, Kuitunen P. Congenital lactase deficiency: a clinical study on 16 patients. Arch Dis Child.1983;58 :246– 252
- ↵Asp NG, Dahlqvist A, Kuitunen P, Launiala K, Visakorpi JK. Complete deficiency of brush-border lactase in congenital lactose malabsorption. Lancet.1973;2(7824) :329– 330
- ↵Freiburghaus AU, Schmitz J, Schindler M, et al. Protein patterns of brush border fragments in congenital lactose malabsorption and in specific hypolactasia of the adult. N Engl J Med.1976;294 :1030– 1032
- ↵Gremse DA, Greer AS, Vacik J, DiPalma JA. Abdominal pain associated with lactose ingestion in children with lactose intolerance. Clin Pediatr (Phila).2003;42 :341– 345
- ↵Barr RG, Levine MD, Watkins JB. Recurrent abdominal pain of childhood due to lactose intolerance. N Engl J Med.1979;300 :1449– 1452
- ↵Kokkonen J, Haapalahti M, Tikkanen S, Karttunen R, Savilahti E. Gastrointestinal complaints and diagnosis in children: a population-based study. Acta Paediatr.2004;93 :880– 886
- ↵Webster RB, DiPalma JA, Gremse DA. Irritable bowel syndrome and lactose maldigestion in recurrent abdominal pain in childhood. South Med J.1999;92 :778– 781
- ↵Drugs.com. Lactose free diet. Available at: www.drugs.com/CG/LACTOSE_FREE_DIET.html. Accessed August 18, 2005
- ↵Di Palma JA, Narvaez RM. Prediction of lactose malabsorption in referral patients. Dig Dis Sci.1988;33 :303– 307
- ↵Suarez FL, Savaiano DA, Levitt MD. A comparison of symptoms after the consumption of milk or lactose-hydrolyzed milk by people with self-reported severe lactose intolerance. N Engl J Med.1995;333 :1– 4
- ↵Hill ID, Dirks MH, Liptak GS, et al. Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease in children: recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.2005;40 :1– 19
- ↵National Institutes of Health. NIH consensus development conference on celiac disease. Available at: http://consensus.nih.gov/2004/2004CeliacDisease118html.htm. Accessed August 18, 2005
- ↵Gupta SK, Chong SK, Fitzgerald JF. Disaccharidase activities in children: normal values and comparison based on symptoms and histologic changes. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.1999;28 :246– 251
- ↵Vonk RJ, Lin Y, Koetse HA, et al. Lactose (mal)digestion evaluated by the 13C-lactose digestion test. Eur J Clin Invest.2000;30 :140– 146
- ↵Hiele M, Ghoos Y, Rutgeerts P, Vantrappen G, Carchon H, Eggermont E. 13CO2 breath test using naturally 13C-enriched lactose for detection of lactase deficiency in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. J Lab Clin Med.1988;112 :193– 200
- ↵Koetse HA, Stellaard F, Bijleveld CM, et al. Non-invasive detection of low-intestinal lactase activity in children by use of a combined 13CO2/H2 breath test. Scand J Gastroenterol.1999;34 :35– 40
- ↵Tremaine WJ, Newcomer AD, Riggs BL, McGill DB. Calcium absorption from milk in lactase-deficient and lactase-sufficient adults. Dig Dis Sci.1986;31 :376– 378
- ↵Stallings VA, Oddleifson NW, Negrini BY, Zemel BS, Wellens R. Bone mineral content and dietary calcium intake in children prescribed a low-lactose diet. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.1994;18 :440– 445
- ↵Di Stefano M, Veneto G, Malservisi S, et al. Lactose malabsorption and intolerance and peak bone mass. Gastroenterology.2002;122 :1793– 1799
- ↵McBean LD, Miller GD. Allaying fears and fallacies about lactose intolerance. J Am Diet Assoc.1998;98 :671– 676
- Johnson AO, Semenya JG, Buchowski MS, Enwonwu CO, Scrimshaw NS. Adaptation of lactose maldigesters to continued milk intake. Am J Clin Nutr.1993;58 :879– 881
- Hertzler SR, Savaiano DA. Colonic adaptation to the daily lactose feeding in lactose maldigesters reduces lactose intolerance. Am J Clin Nutr.1996;64 :232– 236
- Pribila BA, Hertzler SR, Martin BR, Weaver CM, Savaiano DA. Improved lactose digestion and intolerance among African-American adolescent girls fed a dairy-rich diet. J Am Diet Assoc.2000;100 :524– 528
- ↵Hertzler SR, Huynh BC, Savaiano DA. How much lactose is low lactose? J Am Diet Assoc.1996;96 :243– 246
- ↵Jarvinen RM, Loukaskorpi M, Uusitupa MI. Tolerance of symptomatic lactose malabsorbers to lactose in milk chocolate. Eur J Clin Nutr.2003;57 :701– 705
- ↵Kolars JC, Levitt MD, Aouji M, Savaiano DA. Yogurt: an autodigesting source of lactose. N Engl J Med.1984;310 :1– 3
- ↵Boudraa G, Benbouabdellah M, Hachelaf W, Boisset M, Desjeux JF, Touhami M. Effect of feeding yogurt versus milk in children with acute diarrhea and carbohydrate malabsorption. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.2001;33 :307– 313
- ↵Labayen I, Forga L, Gonzalez A, Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Nutr R, Martinez JA. Relationship between lactose digestion, gastrointestinal transit time and symptoms in lactose malabsorbers after dairy consumption. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.2001;15 :543– 549
- ↵
- ↵Wooten WJ, Price W. The role of dairy and dairy nutrients in the diet of African Americans. J Natl Med Assoc.2004;96(12 suppl) :5S– 31S
- ↵Pfefferkorn MD, Fitzgerald JF, Croffie JM, Gupta SK, Corkins MR, Molleston JP. Lactase deficiency: not more common in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease than in patients with chronic abdominal pain. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.2002;35 :339– 343
- Kirschner BS, DeFavaro MV, Jensen W. Lactose malabsorption in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology.1981;81 :829– 832
- Mishkin S. Dairy sensitivity, lactose malabsorption, and elimination diets in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Clin Nutr.1997;65 :564– 567
- ↵Bernstein CN, Ament M, Artinian L, Ridgeway J, Shanahan F. Milk tolerance in adults with ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol.1994;89 :872– 877
- ↵Kukuruzovic RH, Brewster DR. Milk formulas in acute gastroenteritis and malnutrition: a randomized trial. J Paediatr Child Health.2002;38 :571– 577
- ↵American Academy of Pediatrics, Provisional Committee on Quality Improvement, Subcommittee on Acute Gastroenteritis. Practice parameter: the management of acute gastroenteritis in young children. Pediatrics.1996;97 :424– 435
- ↵Heubi J, Karasov R, Reisinger K, et al. Randomized multicenter trial documenting the efficacy and safety of a lactose-free and a lactose-containing formula for term infants. J Am Diet Assoc.2000;100 :212– 217
- ↵Abrams SA, Griffin IJ, Davila PM. Calcium and zinc absorption from lactose-containing and lactose-free infant formulas. Am J Clin Nutr.2002;76 :442– 446
- ↵Obermayer-Pietsch BM, Bonelli CM, Walter DE, et al. Genetic predisposition for adult lactose intolerance and relation to diet, bone density, and bone fractures. J Bone Miner Res.2004;19 :42– 47
- ↵During MJ, Xu R, Young D, Kaplitt MG, Sherwin RS, Leone P. Peroral gene therapy of lactose intolerance using an adeno-associated virus vector. Nat Med.1998;4 :1131– 1135
- ↵Sanders ME, Klaenhammer TR. The scientific basis of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM functionality as a probiotic. J Dairy Sci.2001;84 :319– 331
- ↵Johnson JD. The regional and ethnic distribution of lactose malabsorption. In: Paige DM, Bayless TM, eds. Lactose Digestion: Clinical and Nutritional Implications. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1981:11–22
- ↵US Department of Agriculture. National nutrient database for standard reference. Available at: www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search. Accessed August 18, 2005
- ↵Matthews RH, Pehrsson PR, Farhat-Sabet M. Sugar content of selected foods: individual and total sugars. US Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Information Service; 1987. Available at: www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/Other/herr48.pdf. Accessed August 18, 2005
- ↵National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Lactose intolerance. Available at: http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/lactoseintolerance. Accessed August 18, 2005
- Copyright © 2006 by the American Academy of Pediatrics


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- MP3 gapless looping help? 8 answers
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You have the task of finding the hidden heir to a throne that sits empty. Tamriel's previous emperor has been slain, and with no true ruler the gates to Oblivion open and demons begin to invade the people and towns of the empire. It's up to you to find the lost heir to the throne and unravel the sinister plot that threatens to destroy all of Tamriel.
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These games teach valuable skills and have a high fun and educational rating.
Your child develops an understanding of the different food groups and healthy eating by sorting different types of foods and adding them to the plate.
Your child develops an understanding of synonyms by defining the actions and feelings of the dog in the lab.
Your child learns character education and to be happy by watching this video about feeling good.
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Your child develops color recognition skills by watching a video about colors with a spicy flair.
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Your child learns the flags of Spanish-speaking countries and practices memory skills in this matching game.
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Your child develops tons of different literacy skills, including reading comprehension, spelling, word decoding, rhyming, and much more!
Zoodles 11.8.7 Copyright (c) 2014 Inquisitive Minds, Inc. All rights reserved.


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When the Ex Moves On
It's a good thing! And finally a piece of positive news for Tom Brady, pictured here in New York the other day out and about with Gisele. Although every day with Gisele must be a good day, there's no way the Superbowl sting has subsided. No f*cking way. And spending most of his time in New York probably doesn't help either.
At the very least though, his bitter ex seems to be moving on. Finally. And even better, she's found someone pretty kick ass. Word is Bridget Moynihan is dating Guy Oseary, Madonna's manager. They arrived at an event together the other night and he quietly introduced her around the room.
As you can imagine, Guy is a major player. In more ways than one. He's a heavyweight on the scene and he also boasts a rather long line of conquests, including Gwyneth Paltrow, Demi Moore, and Eva Herzigova. And of course… he has money.
Check, check, check, check, check.
Tom Brady has something to celebrate. But f&ck he's the hotness, non? Much hotter when his hair is a bit longer. Never, ever, ever should have cut that hair.
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On a Sunday at their modest, gray ranch house in the Denver suburb of Englewood, Tim and Jeanine Pynes gather with four other Christians for an evening of fellowship, food and faith. Jeanine's spicy rigatoni precedes a yogurt-and-wafer confection by Ann Moore, none of the food violating the group's solemn commitment to Weight Watchers. The participants, who have pooled resources for baby sitting, discuss a planned missionary trip and sing along with a CD by the Christian crossover group Sixpence None the Richer. One of the lyrics, presumably written in Jesus' voice, runs, "I'm here, I'm closer than your breath/ I've...
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Some Evangelicals are abandoning megachurches for minichurches based in their own living rooms
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Pipeline Inbox: Can Hamilton's bat back up his speed?
We at MLBPipeline.com are looking at the calendar and, like everyone else, counting down the days of what's been an exciting 2013. We know that '14 has plenty in store for all the fans of prospects out there.
We are hard at work putting together our new Top 100 Prospects rankings, which will come out in January. That list will be preceded by our Top 10 by position lists and followed up by our Team Top 20s. Scouting reports, grades, multimedia clips for 600 players -- It's hard to beat.
We at MLBPipeline.com are looking at the calendar and, like everyone else, counting down the days of what's been an exciting 2013. We know that '14 has plenty in store for all the fans of prospects out there.
We are hard at work putting together our new Top 100 Prospects rankings, which will come out in January. That list will be preceded by our Top 10 by position lists and followed up by our Team Top 20s. Scouting reports, grades, multimedia clips for 600 players -- It's hard to beat.
For now, to whet the appetite, here is our penultimate Inbox for 2013. All questions at least partially pertain to potential Top 100 prospects. Here are five stocking stuffers to help you prepare for the big move to 2014.
Has Boston's Henry Owens shown enough yet to be considered for the top 25 in your top 100 list for 2014?
- Dave D., Cape Cod, Mass.
Currently, Owens is No. 52 on our 2013 Top 100, and I'll be the first to admit he's under-ranked given the year he had. The lefty didn't turn 21 until July, made it to Double-A and finished second in all of the Minor Leagues with 169 strikeouts. He also topped all Minor League pitchers with a .177 batting average against. His 2.67 combined ERA and 1.13 WHIP are nothing to sneeze at, either.
The tall, lanky lefty has filled out since being a supplemental first-round pick in 2011, allowing him to add some velocity and become more consistent, though he still needs to work on his walk rate as he hits the upper levels. Final positioning in the new Top 100 has yet to be determined, but rest assured, Owens will move up. Whether he cracks the Top 25 remains to be seen, but it's safe to answer "yes" to your question about whether he's in the conversation. He's one of the top left-handed pitching prospects in the game, for sure.
I am a huge fan of three great prospects: Clint Frazier, Austin Meadows and Aaron Judge. Who do you feel will be the best all-around player? And who has the most power?
-- Alan S., Frankfort, Ill.
Among the three outfield prospects taken in the first round of the 2013 Draft, two are from the Georgia high school ranks and the other is from Fresno State. The Frazier-Meadows comparisons will likely go on in perpetuity, seeing as they were from neighboring high schools and were taken four spots apart in the top 10 of the Draft. Frazier is about bat speed with more power than you'd expect from a guy of his size. A very aggressive hitter, Frazier will have to tone his approach down some to tap into his power.
Meadows has a more advanced feel for hitting than his Georgia counterpart, with a smooth left-handed swing coming from a tall and athletic frame. He, like Frazier, had a solid pro debut, showing more extra-base pop than people thought they'd see right away. Many feel he'll grow into a bit more power, even if that tool doesn't measure up to Frazier's.
Judge is a beast -- a 6-foot-7 physical specimen, with as much raw power as just about anyone in the Class of 2013. He wasn't able to make his Yankees debut in 2013 because of a quad injury, but he'll unleash his bat on the pro ranks in '14. He tapped into that power more consistently as a junior, but he was still a bit up and down.
That said, Judge has the most pure raw power, but maybe Frazier gets the slight edge in the belief he'll tap into his power more consistently, tone down his strikeouts and be a slightly better all-around hitter of the two. When all is said and done, however, I see Meadows as the best all-around player in terms of how all of their tools will play at the highest level.
Everybody says that Billy Hamilton will be a great player if he can hit enough. But can he? Last year in Triple-A his OBP was .308. Is he just a faster version of Eric Young Jr. Or is he a 150-SB version of Brett Gardner?
-- Boruch K., Queens, N.Y.
That's the $64,000 question regarding Hamilton's stock: Will he hit enough to put that ridiculous speed and basestealing ability to use? I'm still a believer that he will. I even wrote about it in a Perspectives piece back in October.
Hamilton is never going to be mistaken for a middle-of-the-order hitter. He's not going to fill out and add power as a dimension to his game. But he understands he needs to put the ball on the ground, spray it to all fields and bunt. Yes, his OBP in 2013 wasn't great, though it improved in the second half of the season by 24 points (his numbers across the board were better as he adjusted to Triple-A). Keep in mind, Hamilton had played just 50 games above A ball before jumping up to Triple-A for last season. He also had a .410 OBP in '12, and before you say that's an inflated number because he was in the California League and racked up infield hits, he walked 86 times in 2012 across two levels.
Give him some time to adjust, and he'll get on base enough to put those legs to use as a dynamic leadoff hitter. I'm not sure 150 steals will happen again, but would anyone in Cincinnati be too upset if he were Brett Gardner?
Is Mason Williams going to be ready for the 2015 season?
-- Pepe R., Linden, N.J.
Williams is one of the more enigmatic prospects in baseball, and you're likely to get varied opinions on him depending on who you talk to and when they've seen him play. He has tremendous raw tools, but he hasn't always put them into consistent use on the field.
There likely was hope that Williams, along with some of the other Yankees' top prospects (Gary Sanchez, Tyler Austin) would take a step forward in 2013 and be ready to contribute at some point in '14. Williams ended up making it to Double-A in '13, but only for 17 games, though he added 22 Arizona Fall League games to his resume.
The 2014 season is a big one for Williams. There comes a point where raw, toolsy prospects need to start showing they can perform. Williams is still just 22, but I think he's at that point now. If he can take the step forward many had predicted in 2013 just a year later, then I think he'll be ready to contribute in some fashion in '15. And while I'm not expecting this, if he hits the ground running in Double-A in '14, who's to say he can't see the Bronx before season's end? He'll have to convince some doubters along the way, though.
Who are the best pitching prospects under six feet tall?
-- Greg, Cincinnati
Ahh, the undersized pitcher, especially those of the right-handed variety. So persecuted in the world of baseball. Every year, there are players who are under-ranked on lists, undervalued in the Draft and generally under-appreciated because they don't fit the mold.
Perhaps we have the same bias here. In our current Top 10, the three pitchers -- Taijuan Walker, Archie Bradley and Jameson Taillon -- are all 6-foot-4 or taller. That doesn't mean there aren't some very talented "undersized" pitchers out there. I did a quick survey of all of our team Top 20 lists, pulling out any organizational Top 10 guy listed at 6-foot-1 or shorter, given that it's not uncommon for a pitcher to be listed at a generous height. Here's how I would rank them, loosely (not based on the current Top 100), with three things coming to mind: 1. There are likely some 6-foot-and-under guys who'll move up lists in 2014; 2. Many of these pitchers have had some injury problems, feeding into the stigma of guys their size; 3. Lefties don't get knocked as much for being too small.
1. Dylan Bundy, RHP, Orioles
2. Marcus Stroman, RHP, Blue Jays
3. Julio Urias, LHP, Dodgers
4. Trevor Bauer, RHP, Indians
5. Rafael Montero, RHP, Mets
6. J.R. Graham, RHP, Braves
7. Arodys Vizcaino, RHP, Cubs
8. Manny Banuelos, LHP, Yankees
9. Marco Gonzales, LHP, Cardinals
10. Rob Kaminsky, LHP, Cardinals
11. Adam Morgan, LHP, Phillies
12. Daniel Corcino, RHP, Reds
13. Nolan Sanburn, RHP, A's
14. Michael Blazek, RHP, Brewers
15. Martin Agosta, RHP, Giants
16. John Gast, LHP, Cardinals
17. Zach Davies, RHP, Orioles
18. R.J. Alvarez, RHP, Angels
19. Cody Buckel, RHP, Rangers
20. Mitch Brown, RHP, Indians
Jonathan Mayo is a reporter for MLB.com and writes a blog, B3. Follow @JonathanMayoB3 on Twitter.


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The volume focuses on the application of Peirce's semeiotic as a methodological tool to establish a common field for interdisciplinary research. Contributors from the fields of biology, architecture, logic, esthetics and neuroscience, among others, work on diverse research problems, unified by the idea of transcending the dyadic limitations of disciplinary restrictions and applying Peirce's triadic method, and the structure and process of sign relations of the particular problem that has to be solved. The result is an invigorating example of methodological plasticity wherein the reader acquires an understanding of scientific observation within the complex universe of semeiosis relations.
Introduction - How Symbols grow. The Foundation of Scientific Study of Culture Elize Bisanz - Toward Understanding the "Biology of Mind" Hypothesis Interdsciplinary Seminar on Peirce - Peircean Logic as Semiotic Expanded into Biosemiotics as Transdisciplinary Framework Søren Brier - What Is the Esthetics of Charles S. Peirce For? Inquiry into a Theoretical Framework of Esthetics for a Theory of Discovery Tiago da Costa e Silva - The Meme is the Message: Self-Care Internet Memes Mary Jeanette Eberhardinger - Iconicity as Simultaneous Plurality. Beyond the restraints of formal knowledge organization systems Linda Freyberg - Zum Mehrwert der Semiotik nach Ch. S. Peirce für die heutige Linguistik Anna Kapuścińska - The Magnificent Impossibility of Virtual Reality Owen Kelly - Peirce's Root Metaphor within his Study of Semeiosis Kenneth Laine Ketner - Logic of Relatives as Syntax in the Genetic Code Ľudmila Lacková - Peirce's "Logic of Number," Firstorderwise Thomas G. McLaughlin - Modelling Vision - A Semeiotic Approach to Algorithmic Images Stephanie Schneider - Gebäude als peircesche Zeichenprozesse Matthias Warkus


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Possibility of getting the New Interpreter's Bible
Posted 16 October 2006 - 06:23 PM
getting the New Interpreter's Bible as an Accordance module?
Abingdon already has a CD-ROM version, but the reviews I've read
about their version have been poor and I not sure that it runs under
Mac OS X.
Might they be interested in linking that series to a powerful program
for Mac users and also gain functionality under Mac OS X?
Posted 16 October 2006 - 07:15 PM
I have the NIB on CD-ROM, and the reviews are right. I love the content, but navigation is awkward. Don't get me started about printing....half the time it won't print, the other half of the time it will only print in color, even if it is set for black or grayscale. Every few minutes the text gets garbled and I have to scroll up or down to clear the window.
The Mac "version" only works (if one can call it that) in Classic. They have no plans on providing an OSX version.
Folio Views (the viewing software) has changed hands, and nothing on its website indicates there will be a Mac version any more.
Abingdon has never really been interested in the Mac market; it's occaisional forays into the Mac market have been half-hearted and completely ignorant of Mac culture. This frustrates me greatly, because I am a long-time Mac User and a life-long United Methodist. (Abingdon is a United Methodist publishing house).
I would suggest that you contact Abingdon and encourage them to work with Accordance for a Mac version of their "e-text" titles. I have done so, and was told that they weren't interested in selling the publication rights to their material. But given what David Lang said a while back in his blog about Accordance's relationship with Zondervan, they wouldn't have to sell their publishing "rights" for the material.
I would love to see Accordance acquire the NIB, the New Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible that is coming out, and other Abingdon products. I don't know how interested Accordance is, but even if they would like to go this route, it will take pressure from us, Mac Users and potential Abingdon customers, to convince Abingdon to play ball.
Running Accordance on:
Mac 10.11 (El Capitan)
iOS 9 (iPad)
iOS 11 (iPhone)
Windows 10
[Vista Home Premium before 3/20/2016]
Posted 16 October 2006 - 09:40 PM
I was wondering, has Oaktree every had any talks with Abingdon about
getting the New Interpreter's Bible as an Accordance module?
The Macintosh Biblioblog
Sometimes I'm so helpful even I can't stand it.
Posted 17 October 2006 - 10:25 AM
I just sent an e-mail to Tammy Gaines, Vice President of Abingdon Press <[email protected]> complaining about the lack of Mac support and suggesting a parternship with Accordance. I think that if she receives more requests she might consider it.
Assistant Professor of Hebrew Bible Boston, MA 02215-1401
Boston University School of Theology http://www.bu.edu/st...taff/botta.html
Tel. 617-353-3063
Fax 617-353-3061
Posted 12 March 2012 - 12:44 PM
Posted 02 April 2012 - 06:59 PM
PS:I do not plan to ever make a habit of posting about competitors but I do remember reading Helen had said Accordance might do the Old IB and IDB but had no plans to do the NIB or Dictionary because it would be priced too expensive to produce. So telling people about where they may one day find it seems only fair and of no harm to the fine product that Accordance is.
Posted 03 April 2012 - 10:27 AM
- Daniel Francis likes this
Director of Content Development
Posted 03 April 2012 - 02:58 PM
Rich Miller
Retired Priest
Christ the King Episcopal Church
Huntington, Indiana
Accordance 11.x running on Yosemite on MBP late 2014; iMac 25K retina display late 2014
Labor mediator and arbitrator
Posted 03 April 2012 - 08:10 PM
Actually we've been working with Abingdon for quite some time on acquiring the New Interpreter's series (NIDB, NIB), and are hopeful we will get it; though I don't have any specifics as of now. We had previously discussed releasing the 'old' but sidelined that with the hopes of going straight for the 'new'. So, if you're willing to hold out, I'd recommend not pre-ordering it elsewhere if you'd ultimately prefer it in Accordance.
Happy to hear that…. I would rather pay you a comparable price to Logos, I just hope you get the IOS app to the area we can copy and highlight in resources...
PS: I am not going to cancel my Logos order at this time but if I hear it is coming out in Accordance I likely will..
PPS: Would be cool if Logos got it and los a lot of their orders due to it;s availability in Accordance. May sound mean, but I think Logos does some crappy things at time… like offering a 6 volume commentary one volume at a time 45% off costing more than double it's regular price.
Edited by DWFrancis, 03 April 2012 - 08:11 PM.
Posted 04 April 2012 - 08:18 AM
I just hope you get the IOS app to the area we can copy and highlight in resources...
This is planned for v. 1.5.
Director of Content Development
Posted 04 April 2012 - 05:39 PM
This is planned for v. 1.5.
Hooray only 7 updates or less till we get the feature
PS: I realize things can take a long time to get contracts in place and actually produce things, but is there any idea when more might be known about the NIB???
Posted 04 April 2012 - 05:46 PM
Sorry, I don't have any further details on NIB/NIDB.
Director of Content Development
Posted 26 May 2012 - 07:26 AM
Actually, 1.5 will likely be the next update.
Sorry, I don't have any further details on NIB/NIDB.
I know it has only been a few weeks but i was wondering if there is any news yet on the NIB/NIDB, and or what is typical time frame for a work like this, i mean i know it;s in electronic format but I know you will need to get it formatted in Accordance, is this the sort of thing that typically takes weeks to do or many months??? I apologize for asking all these questions I am just excited about the possibility of getting the NIB in Accordance.
Posted 26 May 2012 - 03:47 PM
"Teach the way of God in Accordance" (Matt 12:14, NIV-Accordance edition)
"Those who live in Accordance (with the Spirit) have their minds set on what the Spirit desires." (Rom 8:5, NIV-Accordance edition)
(retina MacBook Pro 15.4" (mid 2014) — Core i7, 16 GB RAM, 500 GB SSD. macOS Sierra, Accordance 12)
Posted 27 May 2012 - 02:28 PM
Posted 05 June 2012 - 09:46 PM
Posted 05 June 2012 - 09:53 PM
Director of Content Development
Posted 15 June 2012 - 02:20 PM
In Leviticus, the people of God are called to be holy, not because holiness is an arbitrary religion game that God wants played, but because God is holy. Because God is holy, God's people are to be holy by being like God in the world. We can, therefore, do away with all the cartoon pictures of the sanctimonious holy person wearing a halo and a prudish glare. To be holy is not to be narrow-minded and primly pious; it is, rather, to imitate God. To be holy is to roll up one's sleeves and to join in with whatever God is doing in the world. --Leviticus: Walter C. Kaiser Jr. Volume 1
The songs of mothers remind us that our story as the church is a part of what God has been doing since creation itself (1 Sam 2:8b), since the first giving of God's promise to raise up a people (Luke 1:55). The history of God's salvation does not originate with Jesus or with the church. The church is a part of the larger activity of God from creation onward. To be the community of Jesus as the Messiah is to be related to a God whose story is always larger than the church's story. It is to be related to a God whose transforming power on behalf of the powerless does not originate in Jesus Christ but was already known to Hannah and simply finds new expression in the song Mary sings for the church. --The First and Second Books of Samuel: Bruce C. Birch, Volume 2
Along with other stories pertaining to Elijah, the miracles in this chapter have been commemorated in music and in art. In these re-creations of the story, attention is invariably drawn to the supramundane origin of Elijah's experiences. That is, indeed, the main point of the passage: It is the Lord, the God of Israel, who brings about these wonders. So, too, we dare to believe that things that seem impossible to human beings can be brought about by the Lord: Birds of prey may provide nourishment; the poor may have their victuals wondrously replenished; and even the dead may be resurrected. It is the Lord and no other god who performs such miracles. So we are called to believe as well. --The First and Second Books of Kings: Choon-Leong Seow, Volume 3
The Misfit represents what Psalm 1 and the rest of the psalter call wickedness—the conviction that we are doing all right by ourselves, that we need no help. It is not surprising that the Misfit's words conclude the story: " 'It's no real pleasure in life.' " He is telling the truth. Failing to trust God and to make connection with God as the source of life, persons cannot be "happy." It is not surprising that contemporary societies of isolated selves consistently fail to produce people who are "happy," even though these societies are among the wealthiest, healthiest, and most educated in human history. In biblical terms, to be autonomous, to be alienated from God and other people, is to "perish." --Psalms: J. Clinton McAnn Jr., Volume 4
The appearance of wisdom and achievement of the aged is not to be confused with virtue. As with the earlier cases of the tragic death of a virtuous person and the apparent fruitlessness of a barren person, the author calls for an examination of the true nature of human strength and wisdom. What appears to be a tragic loss of life in the case of the wise youth indeed is not. Presumably the author could have chosen other figures to signify human strength, such as people of wealth or those with educational and political might. Instead he uses three extreme examples of human misfortune to highlight with clarity the significant values of virtue and justice for determining the dignity of human beings. The true failures, tragedies, and disasters in life are not what the wicked think they are. Moral vacuity expressed through a life of evasive pleasure, exploiting the weak, and perpetrating violence brings on a death and destruction that is far more devastating than the experience of mortality, which all human beings encounter. --Book of Wisdom: Michael Kolarcik, Volume 5
Pastoring is not, however, the sole responsibility of ordained ministers. To the contrary, authentic leadership requires "pastoral" care. Everyone who, in one way or another, in one arena or another, exercises authority and influence would do well to consider how the shepherd metaphor might impact his or her mindset and actions. Pastoring begins with the psalmist's full awareness that "the earth is the Lord's and all that is in it,/ the world, and those who live in it" (Ps 24:1). As leaders and caretakers, we are not to use persons, things, and situations to personal advantage. Neither exploitation nor neglect is acceptable. Rather, we are to act as God's stewards, protecting and providing for those who are entrusted to our care, but belong to God. Ezekiel 34 has much to say to leaders of every ilk, be they politicians, health care providers, supervisors, teachers, pastors, or parents.--Book of Ezekiel: Katheryn Pfisterer Darr, Volume 6
Amos was inspired to recognize that the daily life of Israel had completely given up the ethical standards of the Yahwistic religion. Whether he thought in terms of "covenant theology" or not, he clearly saw the treatment of the poor in Israel as a fundamental rejection of the relationship that Yahweh had established with Israel, which required obedience not only in worship but also in the maintenance of a just society. We might describe his evaluation in this way: It was an unhealthy society, so sick it could not survive much longer. But Amos spoke in terms of God's activity in history. The death of Israel would not be from "natural causes"; it would be God's work. We must not then conclude that God prefers to work via killing and burning.52 God allows human beings to chart their own courses, then finds ways to work through, or in spite of, what they do. --Amos: Donald E. Gowan, Volume 7
The move to the future tense indicates that the life of the kingdom must wait for ultimate validation until God finishes the new creation. The future tense of the beatitudes resists all notions that Christianity is a "philosophy of life" designed to make people successful and calm today, in the present moment. Christianity is not a scheme to reduce stress, lose weight, advance in one's career, or preserve one from illness. Christian faith, instead, is a way of living based on the firm and sure hope that meekness is the way of God, that righteousness and peace will finally prevail, and that God's future will be a time of mercy and not cruelty. So, blessed are those who live this life now, even when such a life seems foolish, for they will, in the end, be vindicated by God. --Matthew: Eugene Boring, Volume 8
The Word becoming flesh is the decisive event in human history—indeed, in the history of creation—because the incarnation changes God's relationship to humanity and humanity's relationship to God. The incarnation means that human beings can see, hear, and know God in ways never before possible. The Father-Son relationship of God and Jesus is the key to this changed relationship. God's Son, because he is the incarnate Word, derives his identity from God (1:1, 18). The relationship between divine and human is transformed, because in the incarnation human beings are given intimate, palpable, corporeal access to the cosmic reality of God. --John: Gail R. O'Day, Volume 9
Shared worship, indeed, is central to Paul's vision. He does not say that one should wait to share in worship until all aspects of belief and practice have been hammered out. On the contrary. He sees the mutual welcome, allowing people from very different backgrounds literally to worship together with one voice, as of the essence of the quest for a deeper unity. When we read this alongside Gal 2:11-21, we discover that this is not just a bit of good advice; it grows directly from the doctrine of justification by faith itself. The point of that doctrine is that all who confess Jesus as Lord and believe that God raised him from the dead belong in the same worshiping family, and at the same table. Shared eucharistic fellowship should not be the reward awaiting us at the end of ecumenical negotiations and agreements. It should be a central means by which we travel together along that road. --The Letter to the Romans: N. T. Wright, Volume 10
Whatever the reason for the special reference to those who held office in the Philippian church, the letter is addressed to the whole community. All are "in Christ Jesus" and so belong to the fellowship of God's people. Once again, the terms have become so familiar that we no longer appreciate their real significance. We think of "saints" as very special people and forget that we are all called to be saints—to be members of God's people and, therefore holy, like God. This new status belongs to those who are "in Christ," who claim their new relationship with God because of their relationship with Christ. It is because Christ is God's holy one that those who belong to him are "saints" (the Greek word a{gioi [hagioi] means "holy ones"). Our proper emphasis on individual responsibility has tended to make us think of sanctity as something personal and private, but Christianity is primarily a calling to belong to a community. The church is not simply a group of individuals who happen to have responded to the gospel; it is the community of God's people, whose corporate life is an essential expression of their divine calling. Paul would certainly have endorsed John Wesley's maxim that "Christianity is essentially a social religion; and that to turn it into a solitary religion, is indeed to destroy it." Paul's emphatic "all" (1:4, 7-8) will remind us how important this idea is. --The Letter to the Philippians: Morna D. Hooker, Volume 11
In contemporary America, the "appearances" of race and gender are instantly recognizable, for they have, through titanic struggles, finally been brought to general consciousness. On these fronts, the church's record has been mixed; despite some strong efforts toward genuine inclusiveness, racial and gender discrimination is still a reality within most denominations. The sort of discrimination of the poor person that James describes is less easy to see, partially because denominations tend to sort themselves out along socioeconomic lines. But to imagine a dirty and bewildered street person wandering into a Sunday morning fellowship seeking warmth and coffee is in most cases also to imagine a deeply uncomfortable fellowship. Such instances—and it is easy to multiply the ways in which people can, because of appearance, size, gender, sexual orientation, and status, seem to be "poor by the world's standards"—challenge the church's recollection that it is supposed to be a "kingdom" made up of just such inconvenient and unacceptable persons. When the poor cannot find a place in a Christian church, that church no longer has any connection to Jesus. --The Letter of James: Luke Timothy Johnson, Volume 12
Posted 02 July 2012 - 11:21 AM
Posted 02 July 2012 - 04:00 PM
Rich Miller
Retired Priest
Christ the King Episcopal Church
Huntington, Indiana
Accordance 11.x running on Yosemite on MBP late 2014; iMac 25K retina display late 2014
Labor mediator and arbitrator
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Religions play positive role in African AIDS crisis
While the Western press often targets religious groups for their roles in handling the African AIDS crisis, these groups tend to play positive -- and critical -- roles in fighting the epidemic, according to sociologists. "There's no doubt that religions have done some good and some bad confronting AIDS in Africa," said Jenny Trinitapoli, assistant professor of sociology, religious studies and demography. "But the negative side is often exaggerated, while the good that religious groups do is often overlooked."


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Capital city of the Coalition.
In some regions, various occupations might be exclusively staffed by members of a particular race or ethnic group. As examples, a city's butchers might tradtionally have orcish blood, or all the dwarves in an area could be expected to join the miners' guild (even if they personally have nothing to do with mining). Those who violate these stereotypes may find themselves in conflict with local customs or idiosyncratic laws.


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We have drawn the names of the 3 winners who will receive a Cooking Light Subscription for 1 year which were generously offered to you by Aaron of Magazine Direct. And the winners are:
Delectable Dining
Coleen's Recipes
Linda of Oklahoma Peach Fuzz and For Goodness Sake(Linda authors two blogs!)
Thanks to all who participated and entered! Winners please email Shelby at grumpyshoneybunch at yahoo dot com with your full name and mailing address so that she can pass this on to Aaron at Magsdirect.com!
You are reading this post on More Than Burnt Toast at http://morethanburnttoast.blogspot.com. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to the author/owner of More Than Burnt Toast. All rights reserved by Valerie Harrison.


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|Want to lose weight? Are parasites the solution? Parasitologist and expert Eugene Kaplan looks at recent reported trends of using parasites to lose weight and discovers that all is not as it seems.
Recently it has been reported that the government of Hong Kong has had to resort to an edict against a recently popular mechanism for weight loss: swallow the parasitic roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, to eat some of the food you ingest and deprive you of the calories. In other words, you eat the Whopper, fries and coke and seek absolution for your sins, not in the confession box from your priest, but in the similarly dark inner recesses of your gut from a worm.
First, I am puzzled by the technique. Do you eat the eight to twelve inch adult worms in a bowl of slowly writhing noodles or do you eat the eggs in feces-contaminated bok choy? Either way, this is a serious gastronomical challenge. Not to mention, that if you opt for the eggs, they will hatch and the juveniles will migrate through your lungs before ending up in your gut.
And to further complicate things, here's a tip. Make sure these are the human-infecting version of the worm, else the alien larva, let's say from a similar species in a dog or cat, will get confused in its wanderings and could end up in your eye or brain.
And as if these potential complications weren't enough, here's the real rub: unless you swallow enough of these living noodles to clog up your intestine, they will not eat enough to deprive you of the calories that make you overweight. I can attest to this. I had an eight inch female in my intestines and didn't feel a thing nor lose an ounce of weight. Ascaris has a relatively slow metabolism. It's not like you have a being like the one in Alien inside you. This is just a pencil thick, eight inch weight-loss device, hardly enough to transform your body on its own.
While the use of Ascaris to lose weight may sound like the stuff of science fiction, it actually is part of a long history of parasitic weight loss. At the 1938 World's Fair, one could buy a weight-loss pill that brazenly stated it contained "tapeworms". This was legitimate. The pill contained the scolices (anterior end) of the human beef tapeworm which would produce a bevy of foot long ribbon-like tapeworms hanging in your upper intestine, bathed in your intestinal juices. No eating a bowl of living noodles – users just had to take a pill like any other weight-loss pill – and it was touted as a safe method of weight loss.
The catch – there is no evidence that such an infection can cause you to lose weight – common superstition notwithstanding. Unless you are in terrible physical shape – in which case you would probably be emaciated and not in need of this weight-loss program –a heavy tapeworm infection would not cause you to lose weight, but it might cause death.
A more logical idea is to purchase leeches from a leech farm (there is one in my neighborhood; I can get you the phone number). Leeches are used to suck fluids from lymph-swollen sites where an appendage was just reattached surgically and swelling threatens to burst the sutures. If you use enough leeches, say you arrange them so that they sprout from your arm like branches from a tree, they could remove enough blood to shift your weight scale to the left..
I can go on, like swallowing the cysts of the one-celled animals, Giardia or Entamoeba histolytica. The severe diarrhea would deprive you of excess water and food and leave you emaciated in a week – ads for this method could promise "rapid weight loss." But the aforementioned techniques seem to be adequate.
And so we arrive at the end of this weight-loss clinic. While parasites might seem like a sure-fire, quick solution, perhaps it might be better to simply forego the Whopper next time.
Eugene H. Kaplan is the Donald E. Axinn Endowed Distinguished Professor of Ecology and Conservation (emeritus) at Hofstra University. His many books include What's Eating You: People and Parasites and Sensuous Seas: Tales of a Marine Biologist. He is about to embark on a trip to Israel, perhaps stuffed pigeon will be on the menu again.
Like this article? Read Gene's other blog posts here: Go Ahead, Try the Guinea Pig and here Climate Change is Bringing an Invasion of Parasites.


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AUGUSTA—Senators Susan M. Collins and Angus King announced the names of the two students who have been selected as delegates to the 51st Annual United States Senate Youth Program (USSYP) that will be held March 9 to 16, in Washington, D.C.
Jackson Beck of South Portland and Thomas Poblador of Berwick were chosen from across the state to be part of the group of 104 student delegates who will attend the program's Washington Week.
Each year this extremely competitive merit-based program brings 104 of the most outstanding high school students — two from each state, the District of Columbia and the Department of Defense Education Activity — to Washington, D.C., for an intensive week-long study of the federal government and the people who lead it. The overall mission of the program is to help instill within each class of USSYP student delegates more profound knowledge of the American political process and a lifelong commitment to public service. In addition to the program week, The Hearst Foundations provide each of the 104 student delegates with a $5,000 undergraduate college scholarship with encouragement to continue coursework in government, history and public affairs. Transportation and all expenses for Washington Week are also provided by The Hearst Foundations, as stipulated in S.Res.324; no government funds are utilized.
Thomas Poblador attends Noble High School and serves as a student liaison for his school's mentoring program and is the student representative for his academic team. In addition, Thomas volunteers at his high school Writing Center, having accumulated over 400 community service hours. Last year, he competed in the National "We the People" competition in Washington, D.C. Thomas' future plans include pursuing a degree in political science or international relations. He has an interest in diplomacy and serving in the U.S. Foreign Service.
While in Washington, the student delegates will attend meetings and briefings with Senators and Congressional staff, the President, a Justice of the Supreme Court, leaders of cabinet agencies, an Ambassador to the United States and top members of the national media. The students will also tour many of the national monuments and several museums, and they will stay at the historic Mayflower Hotel in downtown Washington, D.C.
In addition to outstanding leadership abilities and a strong commitment to volunteer work, the student delegates rank academically in the top one percent of their states among high school juniors and seniors. Now more than 5,000 strong, alumni of the program continue to excel and develop impressive qualities that are often directed toward public service. Among the many distinguished alumni are: Senator Susan Collins, the first delegate to be elected U.S. Senator; New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, the first delegate to be elected governor; Congressman Cory Gardner, the first delegate to be elected to the U.S. House of Representatives; former Chief Judge Robert Henry, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit; former Ambassador to West Germany Richard Burt, and former Presidential Advisors Thomas "Mack" McLarty and Karl Rove. Additional notables include former Lt. Governor of Idaho David LeRoy, former President of the Progressive Policy Institute Robert Shapiro, military officers, members of state legislatures, Foreign Service officers, top congressional staff, healthcare providers and university educators.
Members of the USSYP 2013 51st Annual Senate Advisory Committee include Co-Chair Senator Jeanne Shaheen of New Hampshire.
For questions about Maine's delegates, alternates or selection process, please contact Kristie Littlefield, the state selection administrator, at 207-624-6828 or email@example.com. For more general information about the United States Senate Youth Program, please contact Program Director Rayne Guilford at 800-425-3632, www.ussenateyouth.org


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