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I just wanted to rap about SHIMMER Women Athlete's for a while and say that over the last year they have really had an exciting string of shows going and I can honestly say that Dave Prazak has done an excellent job booking SHIMMER right now and is IMO the best booker in wrestling right now.
The High Points.
The emergence of talent like Serena Deeb and Ariel who have gone from an opening card wrestlers to bonafide main eventers, Watching them slowly move up the card has been awesome thus far especially when it comes to Deeb who has had several great matches against Sara Del Rey.
Lufisto: She came back on Volume 19 and she's had a slew of great matches against Rain, Cheerleader Melissa and Wesna Busic. The matches against Melissa and Wesna are must see matches for anyone who likes women's wrestling or just hard-hitting wrestling in general because those matches were awesome encounters.
MsChif vs. Mercedes Martinez from Volume 20: This was one of the best matches i've ever seen in SHIMMER or any women's wrestling promotion, These two went out and wrestled a match better than most men could and brutalized each other with some of the stiffest chops i've see this side of Roddy, Sasaki and Kobashi, For any fan of SHIMMER they sould definitely check this match out because it was absolutely great.
The Feuds: The history of SHIMMER has shown that there have been excellent feuds during the course of SHIMMER, MsChif/Melissa, Knox/Haze, Del Rey/Deeb, Danger/Rogers, Martinez/Del Rey and so many other feuds have really been the backbone of SHIMMER and all of the big feuds have delivered in a big way.
I'm really starting to look at SHIMMER in a big way because they are doing things the right way and making great strides going forward.

subset: commoncrawl


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We demand that you release Karina Hansen to her family immediately.
Karina refused medical treatment for her illness Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and was being cared for by her family in her own home. Your belief that her illness is psychiatric is incorrect and the treatments you have her on could kill her at any moment. She is not safe in your care and she must be released immediately.
Kojak Peg
This petition closed over 5 years ago
On February 12th, Karina Hansen was forcibly removed from her family's home by five police officers, two doctors, and two social workers. Karina is 24-years-old and suffers from a rare disease...
On February 12th, Karina Hansen was forcibly removed from her family's home by five police officers, two doctors, and two social workers. Karina is 24-years-old and suffers from a rare disease called Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS) is an horrendous and debilitating physical illness, which leaves the patient in terrible agony and extreme exhaustion. If the illness is mistreated, it can be fatal.
Karina was taken to the Hammel Neurocenter and is being treated by Dr. Nils Balle Christensen without her permission. Despite her family's efforts, no information has been released about Karina's captivity, nor the treatments that she is being subjected to. Her family has not been allowed to see her for three months.
Please sign this petition to demand Karina's release, effective immediately.
You can also find us on: twitter @Kojakpeg, pinterest justice4karina, google + justice for Karina Hansen and linkedin. There is also a fuller explanation of me/cfs which the Danish Doctors, treating Karina, should have read, is in the link below.
Facebook page, Justice for Karinahttps://www.facebook.com/JusticeForKarinaHansen
Here is a video about severely ill me/cfs patients like Karina http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=fiuqTx0u-Yw


text: AardvarkBusiness.net Business Forum FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in Signature URL AardvarkBusiness.net Forum Index -> Other AardvarkBusiness.net Issues View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message DrachsiExecutive PAJoined: 14 Mar 2008Posts: 81Location: Europe136 ants Posted: Mon Oct 31, 2011 4:58 pm Post subject: Signature URL Please could you confirm if it is possible to have my url in the signature. I have been a member for some years and have made a reasonable number of posts. Regards Drachsi_________________Supporting small business owners with an existing website. Back to top paulPresidentJoined: 15 Oct 2002Posts: 8314Location: UK11706 ants Posted: Mon Oct 31, 2011 6:20 pm Post subject: There is a post count you must reach in order to put a URL in your signature. I'm not sure what it is (and it's not made public) but, once you reach that level, you'll find you can add one._________________UK Hotels - UK Selfcatering Luxury Travel - Lake District Apartment Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First AardvarkBusiness.net Forum Index -> Other AardvarkBusiness.net Issues All times are GMT + 1 Hour Page 1 of 1 Business Forum Sport Forum Travel Forum Powered by php B B © 2001, 2002 php B B Group AardvarkBusiness.net Business Search Engine & Directory


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The 2009 Relay For Life for Lancaster County is scheduled for 7 p.m. April 24 at Lancaster County Memorial Stadium. The annual American Cancer Society fundraiser brings teams of local volunteers together to support those diagnosed with cancer and cancer survivors.
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Finally, a social event for which I was aptly dressed. Friends and colleagues had to special order shirts, vests and other attire for Onslow Memorial Hospital Foundation�s Mardi Gras fundraiser. All I had to do was pick out one of the loud shirts I normally wear.
I had a ball Saturday night.
Finally, a social event for which I was aptly dressed. Friends and colleagues had to special order shirts, vests and other attire for Onslow Memorial Hospital Foundation�s Mardi Gras fundraiser. All I had to do was pick out one of the loud shirts I normally wear.
For the evening it was my casino shirt with playing cards and poker chips. Michelle wore a black dress, but she�s a knockout in anything. We stopped at the Dollar Tree for some beads and we were ready.
My youngest son asked where we were going and I explained we were going to a party like the ones in all the Batman movies where all the rich folks of Gotham City gather to raise money for charity.
�Until the Joker shows up?� my son asked. Good point, why do they have costume balls in Gotham?
Well, the clown prince of crime didn�t show up Saturday, but their were plenty of jokers. One colleague wore a wild feathered mask he said he had laying around the house. It made me wonder what else he had laying around.
I haven�t seen so many scantily clad women wearing stilted footwear in one place in Jacksonville since the night the sheriff shut down Club Mickey�s.
Saturday night was all for a good cause. It was affirming to see so many people coming out to support our hospital. The foundation is raising money to build a new patient tower. It�s a win-win for everyone as better facilities mean more patients staying here in Onslow County which means more money for our local economy.
The evening was a collection of the movers and shakers of Jacksonville (along with a few folks like me and Michelle who received complementary tickets). It reminded me of George W. Bush at the Alfred E. Smith Memorial Foundation Dinner when he said, �This is an impressive crowd � the haves and the have-mores.�
During the auction when the foundation was selling diamond necklaces, a week at a beach resort and other high-dollar items, I felt like James Bond. You know where he shows up at an event on the French Riviera and grabs everyone�s attention by outbidding the bad guy for a Faberg� egg. Except I didn�t have Her Majesty�s money to play with.
I did win a basket full of Cajun spices during the silent auction. I won because I was the only person to bid on it � confirming my wife�s accusation that North Carolinians know nothing about hot food. As a genuine Louisiana creole, Michelle is an expert on spicy fixins.
She had no complaints Saturday. The food wasn�t as Cajun as she had hoped it would be when I told her we were going to a Mardi Gras party, but it did receive her approval. Usually at events like this, the caterer tries to be fancy and ends up falling flat.
Billy Sewell�s gang kept it simple with well-cooked steak and chicken wrapped in bacon. Very good.
Better than that was the crab. I suppose we were supposed to spread the pate over the bread slices, but I made sandwiches. A lot of them.
The excellent fare topped off a great evening which included great music from the Party Crashers, fresh from a Mardi Gras performance in New Orleans a few weeks ago.
I just wish Sen. Harry Brown had been there. He could have cleared the dance floor when the band played M.C. Hammer.
The Party Crashers were awesome and an impressive catch for Jacksonville though I do suggest they drop �Sussudio� from their set list.
My hat is off to the foundation. They held a fun event for a good cause.
I was hoping for �Star Wars� when they announced the theme for next year�s event. No dice, but maybe in 2015 to go along with the new movie.
Next year the foundation will host a biker bash, or as I like to call it � just another Jacksonville Saturday night.
Contact Daily News Senior Reporter Lindell Kay at 910-219-8455 or email@example.com. Follow him on Twitter and friend him on Facebook @ 1lindell.


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Teacher resources and professional development across the curriculum
Teacher professional development and classroom resources across the curriculum
We're used to regular mirrors: Flat mirrors, mounted on a vertical surface. But when they're tiltedor better yet, curvedmirrors can show us things we might not expect.
For example, here is what Melissa looks like in a regular mirror:
But when she looks in two curved mirrors, this is what she sees:
Now, these two mirrors have gentle curves, but one is concave and the other is convex. Here are side views:
Before you go to the next page try to figure out which image goes with which type of mirror. Choose one of the possibilities:
Theory 1: The concave mirror makes you tall, while the convex mirror makes you short.
Theory 2: The convex mirror makes you tall, while the concave mirror makes you short.
© Annenberg Foundation 2017. All rights reserved. Legal Policy


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The 855GX IntelliBender programmable bender can bend ¾-in. Rigid, in either the 1 in. Rigid or 1 in. EMT shoe grooves, and 1-in. to 2-in. Rigid, EMT or IMC conduit with just one shoe featuring "smart" sensors that know exactly what diameter conduit and type you are going to bend, and automatically factors spring-back for any angle.
Greenlee, a Textron Co.
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Hi there everyone at Brooklyn Bride, it's good to be back. My inspiration this week is a Forest Fairytale kind of wedding. One of our Urbanic brides recently shared some photos with me of her wedding day and I was charmed by her use of woodland silhouettes for the table numbers and escort cards. Since I've been craving being outdoors in the woods lately, this was a good post to put together and vicariously live it out through!
xo *A
carved wood reception pieces by Bragging Bags • tree invitations by Wiley Valentine and Pear & Marmalade • deer invitation set by Paper + Cup • swallow invitation by I do it Yourself, • boutonniere found here, • squirrel table card from Sabena's wedding • lollypops by Merci New York • forest invitation by April Ink


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As I watch Corey Eisner setting up a poster size picture of Kevin, my mind slips back to my first night in jail.
I was exhausted after what felt like hours of relentless interrogation. I'll tell you now, the movies don't exaggerate the mental beating detectives put you through. There truly is a protocol for good cop, bad cop. Detective Spencer played the good cop. I'm sure his boyish good looks serve him well not only in his chosen field but his personal life. I trusted him far less than Detective Kray who exuded a genuine dislike for his fellow mankind. The more exhausted I became, the greater their resolve to reduce me to a puddle of tears. I held firm to my determination not to cave by remaining silent. It was Detective Kray's raised fist flying towards my face which put an end to the interrogation. His partner narrowly missed deflecting the blow to my jaw before angrily shoving him towards the door. Both men shot me a dirty look as they nodded to the startled rookie to escort me to my cell.
After the humiliating experience of being stripped searched and deloused, I was led to my new home. And my new cellie. Wanda wore the air of someone who was old school in the ways of being a criminal. I watched as her eyes grew wide with greedy delight as I hesitated at the entry into our cell. She appeared to be in her mid-forties, although I suspected she was probably younger. Her hair wore the disheveled style of a woman who had no time to worry about outside appearances. Her brown eyes were etched deeply with weariness displayed in the form of wrinkles. Her mouth formed into a grotesque smile of sorts, showing random missing teeth.
"Well, well, well, if it isn't the Ice Princess herself," she cackled with glee. "I have me a real life bona fide celebrity right here in my cell. Come on in, sugar. Old Wanda ain't gonna bite you. Not unless you ask real nice."
I stood frozen in my spot, willing myself to wake up from this horrible nightmare. It was in this moment Kevin's death and the reality of my situation hit the center of my existence full force. There was no turning back the hands of time. No undoing the actions which drained Kevin's life from his body. No escaping the bitter truth of what my life was to become. Had become. The rookie gave me a gentle push, telling Wanda to play nice, before chuckling as if he were comedian of the year.
Drawing myself up, I pretended not to feel intimidated as I went to put the sheets on what I assumed was my bed. My stomach gagged at the strong smell of urine embedded in the mattress. I contemplated the choice of sleeping on the floor, deciding it was my best option. Taking my time, I refused to look in Wanda's direction until I sat down on the bed mere inches from her. She gave a little snort as she swung her heavily tatted legs on the floor.
"So, it's gonna be like that, is it?" Her eyes narrowed, nostrils flaring. A mental image of a bull with her face jumped into my mind. For the first time in my life, I truly understood the concept of fear.
"I guess they was right to give you that name. Ice Princess." She drew the 's' out sounding much like the serpent who tricked Eve into taking a bite of forbidden fruit. "Suits me just fine. Ice Princessssssssss. Makes no never mind to me. Cuz in this cell block, I'm the Princess. I call the shots but you'll figure that out."
She stood, surprising me with how petite she was in build. Leaning towards me, she grabbed my face, squeezing hard. "You best play nice with Old Wanda. I'm the best friend you got now. What's that girl's name? The one they call the Little Girl Lost?"
"Angela," I gasped. "Her name's Angela."
"Yeah, Angela was your best friend but mark my words, when you least expect it, she'll turn on you quicker than a snake in a hen-house. Yep, you best mark my words. Ice Princessssssssssssssss." Letting go of my face, she adorned me with another smile. A smile I soon learned meant someone was to pay hell for the demons raging in Wanda's mind.
Write in the "close" first person:
John Updike's short story A & P is a great example of writing from this close "I" colloquial (spoken) point of view; it is through the spoken tone here, that we come to know this character as a teenager:
Link up with us HERE
Curious about the Ice Princes? Catch up with her story.


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The change in seasons brings about a wonderful opportunity to redecorate your home. This fall, look beyond the traditional maple leaves, pumpkins, and warm colors, and turn to the runway for great ideas to spruce up your spaces. With classic prints and luxurious leather, the fashion trends of Fall 2013 are a rich source of inspiration that will give your home a fun and stylish edge.
Shades of Gray
Among all the trends from this year's fall runway, gray is one of the most sought-after. From charcoal to slate, gray graces the collections of Oscar de la Renta and Carolina Herrera, and is heralded as the new neutral. Incorporate this versatile shade in your home by taking down your summer drapes and replacing them with subtle, silvery gray curtains.
Gray curtains add elegance and sophistication to a room without weighing it down like black often does. To counterbalance gray's natural coolness, choose a warmer shade of gray or complement the room with wood tones.


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Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
versão On-line ISSN 2219-0635
versão impressa ISSN 0030-2465
Onderstepoort j. vet. res. vol.80 no.1 Pretoria Jan. 2013
Assessment of acquired immune response to Rhipicephalus appendiculatus tick infestation in different goat breeds
Jeyanthi B.P. GopalrajI; Francoise C. ClarkeI; Edward F. DonkinII
IDepartment of Biology, University of Limpopo, MEDUNSA campus, South Africa
IIDepartment of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Changes in serum gamma globulin levels, numbers of replete female ticks and engorged tick mass were used as parameters to monitor the acquired immune response (antibody mediated immune response) elicited by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adult tick infestations. Three consecutive Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adult tick infestations were applied to South African Indigenous goats (Nguni), Saanen goats and cross-bred goats (Saanen goats crossed with South African Indigenous goats [Nguni]) under laboratory conditions. During the three consecutive Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adult tick infestations the serum gamma globulin levels increased in all three breeds, whilst the mean replete female tick numbers and engorged tick mass decreased. Even though all three goat breeds exhibited an acquired immune response, the South African Indigenous goats (Nguni) response was significantly higher than that of the Saanen and cross-bred goats. However, the acquired immune response elicited by Saanen goats was significantly lower when compared with cross-bred goats.
Small-scale South African farmers, especially those in communal areas, often depend on goats for meat and milk. Development programmes may include the introduction of milk goats for household milk production (Donkin & Boyazoglu 2000). It would therefore be preferable if these goats were less susceptible to tick infestation. It has been shown that there are breed differences in goats towards resistance against heartwater, which is a major tick-borne disease (Donkin et al. 1992). It is therefore important to determine the potential of different goat breeds to acquire a natural resistance against tick infestation.
The present understanding of host-tick relationships and acquired resistance is based on work done with laboratory animals and different cattle breeds (Opdebeeck et al. 1988; Dipleou 1990; Rechav, Clarke, Els & Dauth 1991). Many studies have been carried out to verify the acquisition of resistance by hosts when they are immunized by successive tick infestations (Jittapalapong et al. 2000a, 2000b; Monteiro & Bechara 2008, Monteiro et al. 2011; Caperucci, Bechara & Camargo-Mathias 2009, 2010; Veronez et al. 2010; Nunes, Bechara & Camargo-Mathias 2011). It is generally accepted that the calves of all breeds are equally susceptible to tick infestation at birth (Hewetson 1972) and the ability to acquire a natural resistance varies from breed to breed (Dipeolu 1989; Spickett et al. 1989). It is characteristic of Asian Zebu calves (Bos indicus) to acquire a higher degree of tick resistance in a shorter period of time than the British breeds (Bos taurus) (Wagland 1978; Latif et al. 1991). However, resistance also fluctuates with season, photoperiod and rainfall (Sutherst & Utech 1981). Studies of serum proteins have shown that the gamma globulin fraction is the only blood serum component that is affected by the development of resistance through tick infestation (Willadsen 1980; Rechav & Dauth 1987).
Little is known about the tick-host relationship of different goat breeds. Resistance to tick feeding has been shown to be an acquired, immunologically mediated phenomenon in goats, associated with cutaneous basophilia to nymphs of the ixodid tick (Amblyomma cajennense) after repeated infestations (Monteiro & Bechara 2008). Ixodid ticks remain attached to their hosts for extended periods of time, allowing ample opportunity for the development of immune mediated rejection and resistance mechanisms in the host (Champagne 1994). MacIvor and Horak (1987) reported that Angora goats were less resistant to tick infestation than Boer goats. Schwalbach, Bechara and Camargo-Mathias (2003) indicated that the Small East African Indigenous goat breed possesses a high resistance to tick infestation and higher tolerance to infestation effects than the exotic Toggenburg breed. Nyangiwe and Horak (2007) found that goats are good alternative hosts for most of the economically important ticks that infest cattle in South Africa. Since Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (R. appendiculatus) parasitises wild ungulates and livestock, and is common in goats (Bryson et al. 2002a, 2002b), it is important to assess the acquired immune responses of the same goat breeds, such as Saanen, South African Indigenous goats (Nguni) and cross-bred goats (Saanen X South African Indigenous goats) to infestations with this tick. The brown ear tick, R. appendiculatus, is a three-host tick of great economic importance as it acts as a vector for East Coast fever (cattle adaped Theileria parva), Corridor disease (buffalo associated Theileria parva), benign bovine theileriosis (Theileria mutans) and tick bite fever in man (Rickettsia conori).
Material and methods
Unfed adults of R. appendiculatus were used from a colony cycled on rabbits and maintained in the laboratory of the Department of Biology, Medunsa Campus, University of Limpopo at 25 °C ± 1°C, at 75% ± 5% Relative Humidity (RH) and a photoperiod of approximately 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark (12L:12D).
Experimental animals
The protocol of this study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee at the Medunsa campus of the University of Limpopo. Sixteen month-old naïve (not exposed to any pathogens), healthy Saanen, South African Indigenous (Nguni) and cross-bred (Saanen X South African Indigenous) goats were either kept in pens or in individual metabolic crates and supplied with adequate food (total mixed ration) and water.
Acquired immune response assessments in goats Tick infestation
Eight goats from each of the above mentioned goat breeds were infested three times with equal numbers of unfed R. appendiculatus males and females. So as not to over-infest the goats, three pairs of ticks were used per one kg host body mass. The unfed adult ticks were released into a linen bag glued to the shaven backs of the experimental animals, allowed to attach and feed and the engorged females were collected. Histamine release during feeding can increase vaso-permeability and local discomfort in hosts, but can also lead to pruritus and intensified reflex grooming. Since grooming can dislodge ticks, grooming by the goats was limited through the application of leather collars and chaining to either side of the experimental cage, which allowed sufficient space for limited movement necessary for the goats to eat, drink and lie down. The goats were re-infested as soon as the engorged females of the previous infestation had all been collected. Replete females were collected on a daily basis and the individual mass of each was determined and recorded.
Blood samples
Blood samples of 5 mL from each goat for quantitative serum analysis were collected from the jugular vein in sterile heparin Vacutainer tubes (Lasec, South Africa) at the time of each infestation and again towards the end of each detachment period. Blood samples from a group of eight naïve animals from the same breed were taken and analysed as controls. The samples were allowed to clot at room temperature before the serum was retrieved for serological analysis.
Electrophoresis and Serum proteins
Blood serum protein levels were determined through electrophoresis. The serological analysis was performed on the day of collection by the Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus). Serum protein-electrophoresis was done on an Agarose gel using the Paragon High Resolution Electrophoresis Kit (Beckman Instruments, Fullerton, California U.S.A) with a barbital buffer, pH 8.8 (0.15 ionic strength). The membranes were scanned with an Appraise Densitometer (Beckman Instruments, USA) and separated into albumin α1, α2, β and γ globulin fractions.
Statistical Analyses
Comparing three or more treatment groups: the significance of differences in the means of engorged female mass and blood parameters were determined by subjecting the data to a One Way Analysis of Variance test (ANOVA) followed by Tukey HSD. Tests were used to indicate significance.
Gamma globulin levels
The mean gamma globulin levels increased progressively after each tick infestation when compared to the uninfested control animals, as shown for South African Indigenous goats (Nguni) (Table 1).
The mean gamma globulin levels increased progressively after each tick infestation when compared to the uninfested control animals as shown for cross-bred (Table 2) goats.
The mean gamma globulin levels increased progressively after each tick infestation when compared to the uninfested control animals as shown for Saanen (Table 3) goats.
Comparison between breeds
Comparison between breeds in terms of increase in gamma globulin levels in the serum of South African Indigenous goats (Nguni), cross-bred goats and Saanen goats before and after each of three consecutive infestations with R. appendiculatus adult ticks is shown in Figure 1.
Engorged female tick mass
Figure 2 shows the mean engorged mass (± SD) of female R. appendiculatus collected from South African Indigenous, cross-bred and Saanen goats after each of three successive infestations.
Numbers of females completing the blood meal
The decline in the numbers of R. appendiculatus females that completed their blood meal on the experimental South African Indigenous goats, cross-bred goats and Saanen goats are shown in Figure 3.
Ethical considerations
These experiments were conducted in agreement with the provisions enforced by the Research Ethics Committee (BP 06/98) and the Animal Ethics Committee of the Medunsa campus of the University of Limpopo. Goats were kept under controlled laboratory conditions in animal production unit at the experimental farm of Medunsa campus of the University of Limpopo with sufficient food, water, space and ventilation according to acceptable standards. As per university policy research data and records were maintained.
Gamma globulin levels
An increase in the level of the protein globulins in the serum of the hosts indicates the development of acquired humoral immune responses (Rechav 1987; Rechav & Dauth 1987). The higher levels of gamma globulin levels seen in the South African Indigenous goats (Nguni) were highly significant (p < 0.0001), indicating that three successive infestations of R. appendiculatus elicited a very strong acquired immune response. The cross-bred goats also exhibited significant increases in gamma globulin levels (p < 0.05) from pre-infestation values and after the third infestation (p < 0.05), but not between the first and second infestations. Although significant, the acquired resistance elicited was less than the strong immune response elicited in the South African Indigenous goats (Nguni).
The Saanen goats also showed a concomitant increase in gamma globulin levels. The increases, although significant, indicated a relatively weak acquired response when compared to the response elicited in both the South African Indigenous and the crossbred goats mainly between the pre-infestation value and the values after the first and third infestations (p < 0.05).
Even though all three breeds exhibited increases in gamma globulin levels to some degree when compared to their pre-infestation values, they were relatively high for the Saanen goats compared to the South African Indigenous goats and the cross-bred goats (p < 0.0001). This gamma globulin level was statistically significantly higher in the Saanen goats compared to the crossbred goats (p < 0.01) as well as in the Saanen compared to the South African Indigenous goats (p < 0.05); this implys that a Saanen goat has a strong immune system compared to the South African Indigenous goats and cross-bred goats.
Engorged female tick mass
The mean engorgement mass was found to be a consistently reliable indicator of the effect of an immune response on tick feeding success in laboratory animals (Heller-Haupt, Varma & Langi 1981).
Three repeated infestation of South African Indigenous goats with adult R. appendiculatus ticks resulted in a highly significant decline of the mean engorgement mass of female ticks (p < 0.01). This was also true for the cross-bred goats (p < 0.01) as well as for the Saanen goats (p < 0.01). The difference between the mean engorged mass of the females from the first and second infestation was not significant, but the difference between the second and third infestation was significant, as was the difference after the first infestation when compared to the third infestation (p < 0.01). There were no significant breed differences in engorged female R. appendiculatus tick mass.
Numbers of females completing the blood meal
As only a few females complete their blood meal successfully on an immune host (Brown 1985), the number of ticks recovered from goats after each infestation were also used as an indication of immune response.
The numbers of engorged female ticks collected from all three goat breeds decreased with every infestation. Repeated infestation of South African Indigenous goats with adult R. appendiculatus ticks resulted in a significant decline in replete female tick numbers (p < 0.02) from the first and third infestation tick yield (p < 0.05).
Numbers of replete female ticks recovered from crossbred goats during three consecutive infestations also decreased significantly from first to the third and last infestation (p < 0.01).
The numbers of engorged R. appendiculatus females recovered from the Saanen goats after three subsequent infestations also showed a significant decrease in tick yield between the first and last infestation (p <0.01). Although the engorged R. appendiculatus female tick numbers declined between infestations, the difference was not significant between breeds (p < 0.97).
During the three consecutive infestations the serum gamma globulin levels increased significantly (p < 0.0001) for all of the goat breeds, whilst the mean replete tick mass and the number of replete females collected decreased progressively. Even though all the breeds elicited an acquired immune response, the South African Indigenous goats (Nguni) developed a significantly higher level of acquired immunity (p < 0.01) compared to the Saanen goats and cross-bred goats, as measured by serum gamma globulin levels. The difference in mean gamma globulin levels between Saanen goats and the cross-breeds implies that the acquired immune response of the Saanen goats was lower when compared with crossbred goats (p < 0.0001).
This project was funded by the Medunsa campus of the University of Limpopo. Financial assistance by MEDUNSA for this research is highly acknowledged.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationship(s) that may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article.
Authors' contributions
F.C.C. (University of Limpopo, MEDUNSA campus) was my supervisor and E.F.D. (University of Pretoria) was my co-supervisor. J.B.P.G. (University of Limpopo, MEDUNSA campus) was involved in the design of study and in the sequence alignment. F.C.C. was involved in the project design and co-ordination. F.C.C. and E.F.D. participated in the experimental design. J.B.P.G. conducted all of the experiments and collected the data. Statistical data analysis and interpretation of the graphs were done by J.B.P.G. During the interpretation of results both F.C.C. and E.F.D. provided conceptual and intellectual contributions. J.B.P.G. drafted the manuscript. E.F.D. was involved with the integration of the breed difference assessment into the manuscript.
Brown, S.J., 1985, 'Immunology of acquired resistance to ticks', Parasitology Today 1, 166-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169^758(85)90175-9 [ Links ]
Bryson, N.R., Tice, G.A., Horak, I.G., Stewart, C.G. & Du Plessis, B.J.A., 2002a, 'Ixodid ticks on cattle belonging to small-scale farmers at four communal grazing areas in South Africa', Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 73, 98-103. PMid:12515294 [ Links ]
Bryson, N.R., Tice, G.A., Horak, I.G., Stewart, C.G. & Du Plessis, B.J.A., 2002b, 'Ixodid ticks on indigenous goats owned by small-scale farmers in four communal grazing areas in South Africa', Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 73, 26-30. PMid:12088070 [ Links ]
Caperucci, D., Bechara, G.H. & Camargo-Mathias, M.I., 2009, 'Histopathology and ultrastructure features of the midgut of adult females of the tick Amblyomma cajenne Fabricius, 1787 (Acari: Ixodidae) in various feeding stages and submitted to three infestations', Ultrastructural Pathology 33(6), 249-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01913120903296945, PMid:19929171 [ Links ]
Caperucci, D., Bechara, G.H. & Camargo-Mathias, M.I., 2010, 'Ultrastructure features of the midgut of the female adult Amblyomma cajennense ticks Fabricius, 1787 (Acari: Ixodidae) in several feeding stages and subjected to three infestations', Micron 41(7), 710-721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2010.05.015, PMid:20580564 [ Links ]
Champagne, D.E., 1994, 'The role of salivary vasodilators in blood feeding and parasite transmission', Parasitology Today 10(11), 430-433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(94)90173-2 [ Links ]
Dipeolu, O.O., 1989, 'Research on ticks of livestock in Africa; review of the trends, advances and milestones in tick biology and ecology in the decade 1980-1989', Insect Science and its Application 10, 741-750. [ Links ]
Dipeolu, O.O., 1990, 'Expression and quantification of degrees of resistance by rabbits to infection with Rhipicephalus sanguineus (L), Dermacentor variabilis (Say) and Amblyomma maculatum (Koch), (Acari: Ixodidae)', Insect Science and its Application 11, 235-243. [ Links ]
Donkin, E.F. & Boyazoglu, P.A., 2000, 'Milk production from goats for households and small-scale farmers in South Africa', Proceedings 7th International Conference on Goats, France, 15-21 May 2000, pp. 324-326. [ Links ]
Donkin, E.F., Stewart, C.G., Macgregor, R.G., Els, H.C., Ramsay, K.A. & Boyazoglu, P.A., 1992, 'Resistance of indigenous and crossbred goats to heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium)', 5th International Conference on Goats, Delhi, India, secondto 8th March 1992, in Recent Advances in Goat Production, pp. 1716-1719. [ Links ]
Heller-Haupt, A., Varma, M.G.R. & Langi, A.O., 1981, 'Acquired resistance to ixodid ticks in laboratory animals', Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 75, 147-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(81)90048-1 [ Links ]
Hewetson, R.W., 1972, 'The inheritance of resistance by cattle to the cattle tick', Australian Veterinary Journal 48, 299-303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1972.tb05161.x, PMid:5068812 [ Links ]
Jittapalapong, S., Stich, R.W., Gordon, J.C., Wittum, T.E. & Barriga, O.O., 2000a, 'Performance of female Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) fed dogs exposed to multiple infestations or immunization with tick salivary gland or midgut tissues', Journal of Medical Entomology 37, 601-611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-37.4.601, PMid:10916303 [ Links ]
Jittapalapong, S., Stich, R.W., Gordon, J.C., Bremer, C.A. & Barriga, O.O., 2000b, 'Humoral immune response of dogs immunized with salivary gland, midgut, or repeated infestations with Rhipicephalus sanguineus', Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 916, 283-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05302.x, PMid:11193634 [ Links ]
Latif, A.A., Nokoe, S., Punyua, D.K. & Capstick, P.R., 1991, 'Tick infestations on Zebu cattle in western Kenya: Quantitative assessment and host resistance', Journal of Medical Entomology 28, 122-126. PMid:2033603 [ Links ]
MacIvor, K.M., De, F. & Horak, I.G., 1987, 'Foot abscess in goats in relation to the seasonal abundance of adult Amblyomma hebraeum and adult Rhipicephalus glabroscutatum (Acari: Ixodidae)', Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, September 113-118. PMid:3508202 [ Links ]
Monteiro, G.E.R. & Bechara, G.H., 2008, 'Cutaneus basophilia in the resistance of goats to Amblyomma cajennense nymphs after repeated infestations', Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1149, 221-225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1428.026, PMid:19120216 [ Links ]
Monteiro, G.E.R., Bechara, G.H., Franzin, A.M. & Miranda Santos, I.K.F., 2011, 'Antigen-presenting in draining lymph nodes of goads repeatedly infested by the Cayenne tick Amblyomma cajennense nymphs', Experimental and Applied Acarology 53, 63-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-010-9380-x, PMid:20596885 [ Links ]
Nyangiwe, N. & Horak, I.G., 2007, 'Goats as alternative hosts of cattle ticks', Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 74, 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v74i1.133, PMid:17708147 [ Links ]
Nunes, P.H., Bechara, G.H. & Camargo-Mathias, M.I., 2011, 'Secretory process of salivary glands of female Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks fed on resistant rabbits', Experimental and Applied Acarology 53, 179-187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-010-9388-2, PMid:20711802 [ Links ]
Opdebeeck, J.P., Wong, J.Y.M., Jackson, L.A. & Dobson, C., 1988, 'Hereford cattle immunized and protected against Boophilus microplus with soluble and membrane-associated antigens from the midgut of ticks', Parasite immunology 10, 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00230.x, PMid:3174172 [ Links ]
Rechav, Y., 1987, 'Resistance of Brahman and Hereford cattle to African ticks with reference to serum gamma globulin levels and blood composition', Experimental & Applied Acarology 3(3), 219-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01270458 [ Links ]
Rechav, Y. & Dauth, J., 1987, 'Development of resistance in rabbits to immature stages of the tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodidae)', Medical and Veterinary Entomology 1, 177-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1987.tb00340.x, PMid:2485122 [ Links ]
Rechav, Y., Clarke, F.C., Els, D.A. & Dauth, J., 1991, 'Development of resistance in laboratory animals to adults of the tick Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi", Medical and Veterinary Entomology 5(1), 29-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1991.tb00517.x, PMid:1768898 [ Links ]
Schwalbach, L.M.J., Greyling, J.P.C. & David, M., 2003, 'The efficacy of a 10% aqueous Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extract for tick control in small East African and Toggenburg female goat kids in Tanzania', South African Journal of Animal Science 33(2), 83-88. [ Links ]
Spickett, A.M., De Klerk, D., Enslin, C.B. & Scholtz, M.M., 1989, 'Resistance of Nguni, Bonsmara and Hereford cattle to ticks in a bushveld region of South Africa', Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 56, 245-250. PMid:2626263 [ Links ]
Sutherst, R.W., Zimmer K.E., Gutleb, A.C., Lyche, J.L & Utech, K.B.W., 1981, 'Controlling livestock parasites with host resistance', in D. Pimentel (ed.), CRC Handbook of pest management in agriculture, Boca Raton, CRC, vol. 2, pp. 385-407. [ Links ]
Veronez, V.A., Castro, M.B., Bechara, G.H. & Szabó, M.PJ., 2010, 'Histopathology of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks fed on resistant hosts', Experimental and Applied Acarology 50, 151-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-009-9286-7, PMid:19554460 [ Links ]
Wagland, B.M., 1978, ' Host resistance to cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) in Brahman (Bos indicus) cattle II, The dynamics of resistance in previously unexposed and exposed cattle', Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 29, 395-400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AR9780395 [ Links ]
Willadsen, P., 1980, 'Immunity to ticks', Advanced Parasitology 18, 293-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-308X(08)60402-9 [ Links ]
Jeyanthi Gopalraj
Email: email@example.com
Postal address: PO Box 139, MEDUNSA 0204, South Africa
Received: 23 Apr. 2013
Accepted: 03 July 2013
Published: 02 Sept. 2013


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Sunday Sweets: Fall Weddings
And now, Sunday Sweets presents ...
The Top 10 Reasons To Have a Fall Wedding!
Are you on the fence about having a fall wedding? Well, don't be. There are plenty of great reasons to get married in the fall, and here is reason #1: Fall weather is simply bee-utiful.
By Sugar Buzz!
Buzz-worthy, even.
Reason #2: Fall colors flatter everybody.
Submitted by Brittany B. and made by Patisserie Bechler
Have you ever seen anyone standing in front of a golden autumn sunset, awash in orange, reds and yellows, and look bad? No, you have not. Physically impossible.
Reason #3: Nature's fall bounty = super-cheap decor.
By Cake Madam
Yep, just snip a few branches from an oak tree, head down to your local marsh and pick a few cattails, throw in a few flowers, and boom: centerpieces.
Reason #4 to have a fall wedding: You can have a wedding photo shoot in great big pile of leaves! Ack! It will be so cute! So cute, everyone will barf from the cuteness!
Try frolicking in some gilded leaves like these if you're feeling extra classy. Ooh, just think of the fun!
Reason #5 is even more fun: Instead of leaving in a limo or horse-drawn carriage, you lovebirds can head off into the sunset on a hayride.
By Studio Cake
Ok, so this cake does not actually feature hay, but close enough. You might be surprised to know how hard it is to find a quality hay-covered cake these days. (Then again, you might not.)
Reason #6: There are so many great smells in the fall. Pumpkin, apple cinnamon, woodsmoke, amber candles, pine, mmmmmmyeah.
You want to know what a summer wedding smells like? Sweat. Take it from someone who got married in July.
Reason #7: Think of all the romantic songs about 'harvest moons' and stuff you could play!
I currently can't think of any, but I'm sure they're out there.
Reason #8 to have a fall wedding: There are literally 25 million more fall wedding ideas floating around the internet than spring wedding ideas. I'm not even exaggerating. Google it.
"Did she say 25 million?!"
"I'm totally tweeting that."
Reason #9: As any seasoned pro will tell you, if you're trying to squirrel away some money, rates are often cheaper in the fall. It's nuts! (Sorry. That was acorny joke. I'll leaf it alone now.)
By Cake Girls
(But promise me you'll think about it before you make any deciduous.)
And the number one reason to have a fall wedding is...
(Also, how cute would it be to carve your initials into tiny pumpkins and scatter them throughout the room? Also, you could have a s'mores bar! Also, the flower girls could throw leaves instead of flower petals! Mini pecan pies as wedding favors... hot cider ... caramel apples ... somebody stop me, or invite me to a fall wedding already!)
Have a Sweet to nominate? Then e-mail it to us at Sunday Sweets [at] Cake Wrecks [dot] com!


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Events for October 4, 2019
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Cortex Command
What do you need help on? Cancel X
Mine precious gold from the deformable pixel terrain in order to buy more and better ships, soldiers, weapons, digging tools, and deployable defenses. Use these assets to defend your disembodied brain and bankrupt your opponent! Old-school 2D sidescroller pixel graphics coupled with an extremely detailed physics simulation makes for a mix of nostalgia and surprising gameplay.


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Long-term job prospects in the Springfield area are best in health care, social services, mining, education, tourism, and professional and business services, based on projections from the state of Illinois. Not so much in manufacturing, agriculture and, well, state government.
Long-term job prospects in the Springfield area are best in health care, social services, mining, education, tourism, and professional and business services, based on projections from the state of Illinois.
Not so much in manufacturing, agriculture and, well, state government.
Employment experts and economists say thousands of the jobs lost since the Great Recession started two years ago this month are gone for good, including in Illinois, or at least won't return to pre-recession numbers. Manufacturing has been hardest hit.
It also raises the question of where will the new jobs come from?
"It's been a year like we've never experienced," said Jim Britton, who has been in the local employment-services business for nearly 30 years.
Britton said there are glimmers of hiring as the year winds down, including at the Express Employment Professionals offices he co-owns with his wife, Carole, in Springfield and Bloomington. The couple also works with a network of nearly 30 other officers across Illinois and Indiana.
Not that employers are in a rush.
"We're typically a six-to-nine month indicator of what's coming. As companies are doing more work, they are more likely to reach out to temporary services first before hiring for long-term positions," said Britton, who added that he intentionally uses "long-term" when describing the job outlook.
"I'm reluctant to say 'permanent' because nothing is really permanent anymore, but we are seeing an increase in long-term placements," said Britton.
The fastest job growth locally will be in natural resources and mining, healthcare and social services, education, tourism, and professional and business services (architects, engineers, accounting and legal services), based on projections through 2016 from the Illinois Department of Employment Security.
Employment is forecast to be down or flat in manufacturing, farm production and government (local, state and federal). Local labor-market economist Ron Payne said he also expects Springfield to maintain its relatively low unemployment — at least in these times — compared to the rest of the state.
"Typically, it's the second-lowest in the state (after Bloomington), and it'll stay that way," he said. "It's just a lot higher than we're accustomed to."
Who is getting laid off?
Percentage of layoffs in 2008 (latest year available)
INDUSTRYProfessional and business services (includes temporary workers): 25 percent Manufacturing: 21 percent Construction-mining: 19 percent Retail trade: 10 percent Transportation-warehousing-utilities: 9 percent
EDUCATION9-11 years: 3 percent. 12 years: 27 percent 13-16 years: 15 percent 17 or more years: 1 percent
AGE GROUPSYounger than 30: 23 percent 30-44: 36 percent 45-54: 26 percent 55 and older: 15 percent
RACEAsian/Pacific: 2 percent Black: 21 percent Hispanic: 15 percent White: 61 percent
GENDERMen: 61 percent Women: 39 percent
Average weekly unemployment benefits, 2000-20092009: $330.78 2008: $309.53 2007: $302.40 2006: $289.22 2005: $282.62 2004: $276.96 2003: $279.56 2002: $278.84 2001: $269.36 2000: $250.22
Total annual benefits paid, 2000-20092009 (through November): $4.1 billion 2008: $2.3 billion 2007: $1.8 billion 2006: $1.7 billion 2005: $1.8 billion 2004: $2 billion 2003: $2.4 billion 2002: $2.5 billion 2001: $1.9 billion 2000: $1.2 billion
Average duration of benefits, in weeks, 2000-20092009: N/A 2008: 16.71 2007: 17.31 2006: 17.34 2005: 18.20 2004: 18.92 2003: 19 2002: 19.90 2001: 15.40 2000: 15.80
Job losses/gains by industry December 2007 (start of recession) through November 2009.
ILLINOIS JOB LOSSESManufacturing: 96,300 Professional and business services: 84,400 Trade (includes retail), transportation and utilities: 79,100 Construction: 49,800 Financial activities: 29,900 Leisure/hospitality: 22,800 Information: 10,300 Other services: 6,100
ILLINOIS JOB GAINSEducation and health services: 13,600 Government: 3,500 Mining: 800
SPRINGFIELD AREA (Sangamon and Menard counties) JOB LOSSESFinancial services: 600 Trade, transportation and utilities: 500 Manufacturing: 200 Government: 200 Construction/mining: 200 Information: 200 Other services: 200
SPRINGFIELD AREA JOB GAINSLeisure/hospitality: 400 Education and healthcare: 100
Source for all figures above: Illinois Department of Employment Security
Tim Landis can be reached at 217-788-1536.


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"Habáner" was originally a nickname for the Hutterites in Slovakia, used by the Slovakian peasants. Later Habáner was the general name for those Hutterites who after about 1760 turned Catholic and as such were permitted to continue to live in their existing Bruderhofs on a semi-community or cooperative principle. These Habáners were still living in a few villages of Western Slovakia in the 1950s; in 1925 the older people were still speaking German. By the mid-20th century they had become almost completely Slavicized, and their old traditions, customs, and skills were nearly gone, although remnants of their former community organization still existed. The name "Habáner" has been differently explained: as deriving from "Haben," a section of Velky-Levary (the former Gross-Schützen), or from "Haushaben" (another term for Bruderhof), which the neighbors abbreviated into Haben. The latter interpretation would correspond to the usage of neighbors in America who call the Hutterites "the colony people."
The violent conversion of the Brethren by a strengthened absolutistic government under Empress Maria Theresa (1740-1780) and the greater Jesuit missionary activity then permitted in Hungary is graphically described in the Hutterite Klein-Geschichtsbuch (230-239). Around 1700 their former community of goods was widely abandoned, yet the Bruderhof organization still remained under a central leadership, with communal bakeshop, blacksmith shop, slaughterhouse, school, and common pastures and ponds. After 1726 infants were generally, although not always, baptized. The last active Vorsteher of the brotherhood was one Zacharias Walter, 1746-1761, but eventually he could no longer stand the brutalities of his persecutors, and turned Catholic. The next Vorsteher, Heinrich Müller, died steadfast in a monastery 1762. After 1757-1758 all Anabaptist books were confiscated by Jesuits and later sent to Bratislava, Esztergom, and even Budapest. In 1769 the entire population of the Bruderhofs in Sobotiste, Veľké Leváre, St. Johann, and Trenchin were compelled to attend Catholic services. The methods used were rather brutal: children were taken away from their parents and put into Catholic orphanages, and the men were dragged into monasteries until they accepted the Catholic faith. In the 1780s (time of Joseph II) a second wave of book confiscation set in. Recent reports, however, show that nevertheless a good number of their precious handwritten books were kept and hidden. In the 1890s, when an old house was torn down, books were found behind the plaster of the walls. It was not until 1863 that all fields were completely parceled out into individual lots. But even in 1925 they had something like a community chest and a few other cooperative activities on their Hofs.
Many Brethren tried to emigrate to the Ukraine (Little Russia), where those Brethren who had lived in Transylvania had found a new refuge. But this was more difficult than anticipated, the authorities being extremely vigilant and permitting no emigration whatsoever. Strangely enough, Emperor Joseph II (1780-1790), generally known as an "enlightened" ruler, who issued the famous Toleration Edict of 1781, and who in 1782 had a long conversation with a group of petitioning Brethren (Klein-Geschichtsbuch, 364f.), still refused to give the Brethren freedom of worship, and demanded that they stay in their new Catholic faith. During the 1780s the Brethren in the Ukraine five times sent missionary teams to Slovakia to induce emigration, but in spite of the desire of nearly all Habáners to return to their former faith, the results were rather poor. The Klein Geschichtsbuch (p. 374) lists a total of eleven families with 56 souls who actually managed to reach the Ukrainian Bruderhofs. Among them was also one Jacob Walter, of probably the oldest Hutterite family in existence (since the 1590s). After the promulgation of the Toleration Edict in 1781, many Habáners declared themselves no longer willing to go to a Catholic church, but their resistance soon broke down. In 1793 another team arrived from Russia, but it failed completely in its purpose. One hundred years later the Brethren now in America again invited the late descendants of these Brethren in Slovakia to come over and begin anew a life in the brotherhood. One Ignatz Pullman came in 1892, bringing a number of rare codices and books along (no longer of value to him) but soon left again. Today the Habáners have almost completely lost knowledge of their own earlier history as Hutterites. Occasional visitors (Dutch Mennonites in 1910, Hutterites from America in 1936, also a few interested scholars like Beck and others) told them their own history, yet hardly awakened any reaction to it.
Description of the Habanerhofs
In the 1950s there existed only two such Hofs in Slovakia, namely, in Sobotište and in Veľké Leváre. They represented closed settlements with handsome whitewashed, one-story houses (built of sun-baked clay brick), arranged in a square around a central courtyard, very clean and so solidly built that most of these houses still stand as they were built soon after 1621. Remarkable were their high thatched roofs which were almost fireproof because the straw on the inside of the roof was worked through and covered with clay so that no straw is visible at all (a good protection also against heat and cold, and even dirt). At the ground level were found all those rooms which once served brotherhood activities such as worship, eating, cooking, children's and sick rooms. The floor of this level was of stamped clay covered with yellow sand—a practice which the Brethren also continued even in their American houses until the first half of the 20th century. The attics had two stories with the bedrooms, called Oertl or Stuben. Besides the square, around the courtyard there were other buildings such as the mill, the forge, butcher shops, and in Sobotište also a remarkable clock tower.
Famous were the crafts of the Habáners. Still in the 1950s one house in Veľké Leváre shows the tiled sign of a potter's "firm," J. H. 1781, which stands for Joseph Hörndl, the Krügelmacher (Beck, Die Geschichts-Bücher der Wiedertäufer in Oesterreich-Ungarn, 620, Klein-Geschichtsbuch, 355), a man known for his stubborn allegiance to the old faith, who wrote to the Ukraine for help. Their ceramics, called "Habaner-Fayence," were of the highest quality and still are the pride of museums (see Ceramics).
Today this craft is no longer practiced. Their other outstanding craft was the making of fine steel knives; it, too, is dead today. Only minor crafts such as shoemaking, tanning, etc., have survived and found a good market both in Slovakia, and before 1918 in Lower Austria.
The most remarkable fact is that in spite of re-Catholization and de-Germanization, a skeleton organization still survived to the mid-20th century. In 1936, when two Hutterite elders from Canada visited these places, they were warmly received, shown around, and even some faint memories of old stories came to the surface. In fact, in one chest some old books were still discovered, and a few of them were even taken to America.
Photographs of the Habanerhofs in Lydia Müller, Der Kommunismus der mährischen Wiedertäufer (Vienna, 1928) and in R. Friedmann, "Die Habaner in der Slovakei," Wiener Zeitschrift für Volkskunde, (1927). A short description also by R. Friedmann in Proceedings of the 5th Annual Conference on Mennonite Cultural Problems (1946): 61-65.
For history see Beck, 584 ff., also 302, note 2, and Zieglschmid, Klein-Geschichtsbuch, 230-239, 355-375. For older descriptions of the Hofs (1802, 1810) see Mennonitisches Lexikon II, 217.
Concerning book confiscation see Friedmann, Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte (1929): 166-168. An extensive description in the Slovakian language is presented by Frantisek Kraus, Nové Prispevky k Dejinam Habanov na Slovenska (Bratislava, 1937), with very fine illustrations. The description of the trip of the two Hutterite elders (Michael Waldner and David Hofer) to Slovakia in 1936 exists only as a typescript, extant in several Canadian Bruderhofs.
|Robert Friedmann
|Date Published
Cite This Article
MLA style
Friedmann, Robert. "Habáner." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1956. Web. 18 Sep 2019. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Hab%C3%A1ner&oldid=146461.
APA style
Friedmann, Robert. (1956). Habáner. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 18 September 2019, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Hab%C3%A1ner&oldid=146461.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 2, pp. 618-619. All rights reserved.
©1996-2019 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.


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I have a PostGIS table which I have stored the location of some viewpoint photographs. I would like to store the location of the photo file in a field, but when I add a file path in the attribute table dialog in QGIS, QGIS/PostGIS removes '\' and spaces from the path.
Can anyone help me work out why this is? I have done this before without any issues.
If I enter the data through pgAdmin it comes across to QGIS correctly, and I can link to the photographs.


text:
August 11, 2009
Dear Representative:
As you continue deliberations on the "America's Affordable Health Choices Act" (H.R. 3200), I urge you to consider the overall priorities and concerns presented by the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops in Bishop William Murphy's July 17 letter to Congress (www.usccb.org/sdwp/national/2009-07-17-murphy-letter-congress.pdf). The bishops' conference views health care as a basic right belonging to all human beings. We therefore have long supported health care reform that respects human life and dignity from conception to natural death; provides access to quality health care for all, with a special concern for immigrants and the poor; preserves pluralism, with respect for rights of conscience; and restrains costs while sharing them equitably.
As this debate continues we will share our perspectives on positive and negative features in this and other health care reform legislation. In this letter I am writing specifically about our fundamental requirement that such legislation respect human life and rights of conscience in the context of abortion. Much-needed reform must not become a vehicle for promoting an "abortion rights" agenda or reversing longstanding policies against federal funding and mandated coverage of abortion. In this sense we urge you to make this legislation "abortion neutral," by preserving longstanding federal policies that prevent government promotion of abortion and respect conscience rights.
As amended by the House Energy and Commerce Committee on July 31, H.R. 3200 addresses two aspects of the abortion issue: The Act will not preempt certain state laws regulating abortion, and will have no effect on existing federal conscience rights on abortion. These changes are helpful improvements. Especially welcome is the committee's approval of the Stupak/Pitts amendment, prohibiting governmental bodies that receive federal funds under this Act from discriminating against providers and insurers who decline involvement in abortion. The bishops' conference had urged approval of this amendment, which applies the policy of the Weldon amendment (approved by Congress every year since 2004 as part of the Labor/HHS appropriations bill) to the health care reform bill.
On two other fundamental issues, however, the Act remains seriously deficient:
1. The legislation delegates to the Secretary of Health and Human Services the power to make unlimited abortion a mandated benefit in the "public health insurance plan" the government will manage nationwide. This would be a radical change: Federal law has long excluded most abortions from federal employees' health benefits packages, and no federal health program mandates coverage of elective abortions.
2. Because some federal funds are authorized and appropriated by this legislation without passing through the Labor/HHS appropriations bill, they are not covered by the Hyde 2 amendment and other federal provisions that have long prevented federal funding of abortion and of health benefits packages that include abortion. The committee rejected an amendment to extend this longstanding policy to the use of federal subsidies for health care premiums under this Act. Instead the committee created a legal fiction, a paper separation between federal funding and abortion: Federal funds will subsidize the public plan, as well as private health plans that include abortion on demand; but anyone who purchases these plans is required to pay a premium out of his or her own pocket (specified in the Act to be at least $1.00 a month) to cover all abortions beyond those eligible for federal funds under the current Hyde amendment. Thus some will claim that federal taxpayer funds do not support abortion under the Act.
But this is an illusion. Funds paid into these plans are fungible, and federal taxpayer funds will subsidize the operating budget and provider networks that expand access to abortions. Furthermore, those constrained by economic necessity or other factors to purchase the "public plan" will be forced by the federal government to pay directly and specifically for abortion coverage. This is the opposite of the policy in every other federal health program. Government will force low-income Americans to subsidize abortions for others (and abortion coverage for themselves) even if they find abortion morally abhorrent.
Please consider the broader context. No federal program mandates coverage for elective abortions, or subsidizes health plans that include such abortions. Most Americans do not want abortion in their health coverage, and most consider themselves "pro-life," with a stronger majority among low-income Americans. About 80 percent of all hospitals do not generally provide abortions, and 85 percent of U.S. counties have no abortion provider. By what right, then, and by what precedent, would Congress make abortion coverage into a nationwide norm, or force Americans to subsidize it as a condition for participating in a public health program?
As long-time supporters of genuine health care reform, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops is working to ensure that needed health reform is not undermined by abandoning longstanding and widely supported policies against abortion funding and mandates and in favor of conscience protection.
I urge you to help ensure that any legislation that comes up for a vote in the full House does not include these unacceptable features. Please support amendments to correct them, and oppose any rule for consideration of H.R. 3200 that would block such amendments. By your actions on these issues, you can advance urgently needed health care reform that will truly serve the poor and needy and uphold the dignity of all.
Cardinal Justin Rigali
Archbishop of Philadelphia
Chairman USCCB Committee on Pro-Life Activities
Tuesday, August 11, 2009
Cardinal Rigali Tells Congress Health Bill 'Unacceptable' Without Changes
Cardinal Rigali uses the strongest language yet opposing the current provision of abortion in HR 3200. As amended by the House Energy and Commerce Committee, Cardinal Rigali said the bill gives "the Secretary of Health and Human Services the power to make unlimited abortion a mandated benefit." Today, that would be Kathleen Sebelius, probably the most extreme protector of abortion in the country. In a letter to House Members today, Cardinal Rigali re-iterated the Church's call for health care reform "that will truly serve the poor and needy and uphold the dignity of all." (emphases original:
Posted byJack Smithat5:44 PM


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Hi, my name is Victor, I'm 21 and I live in Dublin - Ireland. I enjoy pc games, It's where I mostly spend my free time. I believe I am trustable, fun and, most important, friendly. I have lots of games, you may not believe (in fact not even I believed when my mother told me) but I started playing computer games when I was 2 years old, the first game I played was Doom Shareware (DEMO), believe or not I still play it. My favourite games are: Dungeon Keeper (hated 2 though, and cant wait for 3!) all Valve and Id Software games (never played Commander Keen though), Killing Floor, Roller Coaster Tycoon (1 and 2), Duke Nukem 3D (All Expansions), Age Of Empires (2 and The Conquerors), and many others.
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Health Reform Lessons from Massachusetts, Part X
By Trudy Lieberman
Columbia Journalism Review
March 3, 2010
Unintended consequences for low-income workers
Four years ago, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts enacted a far-reaching health reform law that politicians and the media hailed as a model for other states and the federal government. That law has become the blueprint for health system change on a national scale, and its advocates have aggressively marketed a variation of the Massachusetts plan that has passed the Senate and House of Representatives. This is the tenth in an occasional series of posts that will continue to explore how well the Massachusetts law is working with an eye toward helping the press and the public understand its flashpoints. The entire series is archived here.
Kudos to Jeremy Smerd, a health care reporter for the business publication Workforce Magazine, for an illuminating piece about a little-mentioned consequence of the Massachusetts reform law. Smerd's piece stands out from most of today's health care reportage for several reasons: it's long enough (but not too long) for the reader to get the gist of the problem he addresses; it discusses something the law's cheerleaders and the media outlets that follow them are not eager to discuss; and it does so using an anecdote that's neither predictable nor trite.
His lede:
Massachusetts' health insurance mandate has more workers getting coverage through their employers but has left many low-wage earners in a financial quandary—and it hasn't put a dent in rising health care costs. The state's health care experiment offers a cautionary tale for federal health reform efforts.
Well, we know that the law has done nothing to reduce health care costs, but what is this business about low-wage workers being in a financial bind? Smerd reports that the Massachusetts law forces many low-wage workers, like home health aides, to buy the increasingly unaffordable health insurance from their employers. This puts additional stress on their already stressed household budgets. Mike Trigilio, president of Associated Home Care, told Smerd that his employees "are barely able to muster enough money together for rent or food, let alone health insurance. In the past a lot of employees would go without it. Now they are forced to take it, and it puts a strain on them and on our company."
If a Massachusetts business with more than fifty full-time workers offers insurance and pays at least one-third of the premium, its employees are no longer eligible for state-subsidized coverage. As Smerd reported, these employees can decline the health insurance—but they will pay a fine for doing so, unless the state determines the premiums they would have to pay are not affordable. If they want insurance, though, they must take what their employer offers them, even if it busts the family budget. It's the same old affordability question that has dogged people in Massachusetts and lawmakers in Washington as they struggle to replicate the Bay State's law on a national scale.
Campaign Desk has pointed out that the state's employers, and small business owners in particular, are facing huge rate increases this year—20 to 45 percent. Some are paying even more. This is a cautionary tale for the pols trying to craft some kind of bill that will please both Democrats and Republicans.
Smerd interviewed Richard Lord, who heads a business trade group, the Associated Industries of Massachusetts. Lord noted a conundrum that Washington is facing. He said that to make insurance more affordable in the state, legislators could have required employers to pay more toward their workers' insurance and pay heavier fines if they didn't. But that would have doomed the Massachusetts law. Exactly what obligations employers will have under national reform is still unclear, but employers have not been eager to assume greater costs for health insurance, and may get a pass in the end.
Smerd also offered valuable context for one of the Massachusetts law's widely touted successes—that more people are getting their insurance from employers. The state's employers tended to offer coverage even before the law was passed, and more people now are taking it. Smerd wrote:
Today, 96,000 more people in Massachusetts get their health insurance through their employer than before reform. The reason for this increase is that workers who are required to have insurance have few options.
This is the question on the table in Washington: What's buried deep in those bills that would require workers—especially those at the bottom of the income ladder—to take their employer's coverage even if they can't swing it? What about their family members? Will they have to take it as well? Remember, the president has said repeatedly that people can keep the insurance they have, but he hasn't said much about keeping insurance they can't afford. Ah, another devil in the details!


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Moderators: Three Stars, dagny, pfim, netwolf
bhaw wrote:Find a store that sells the furniture from builder model homes. They also have all the art and decorations for super cheap. That's where most of our stuff came from, and they usually have TONS of art.
eddysnake wrote:
Senka wrote:Anyone Know about art or buying artwork? My new apartment needs some and I've been looking. I found this deal on groupon and I didnt know if it was a good as it sounds or am I being blinded by "retail price" markdown... Thanks for any help. I want to get the golden gate work because of the color scheme.
http://www.groupon.com/deals/gg-landmar ... c=all&p=11
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The School Support Services team assists schools in maximizing instructional time, increasing academic achievement and reducing high school drop-out rates by establishing school-wide positive behavioral systems. These systems, such as Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS), contribute to a school climate that is conducive to both teaching and learning, which ultimately provide a firm foundation for the academic success of all students.
Our team offers professional development on evidence-based, data-driven and outcome-focused strategies. The behavioral response to intervention and classroom management programs address barriers to learning including bullying, harassment and other negative student behaviors, cultural competency, tardiness and poor attendance, as well as the specific language and special needs of students.
The mission of our division is to provide a firm foundation for the academic success of all students. We are able to actualize this mission by providing targeted supports for your specific needs. All districts are assigned a representative, or a team of representatives, following a customized needs assessment. Focused on data-driven outcomes, we build an individualized plan for your district from the start to ensure we can chart your progress.
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Inflation Survival Bleg
12 comments:
- Mitchell said...
Look at these securities:
Hard assets:
Stay away from bonds, fixed income, CD's
- May 5, 2009 at 12:11 AM
- Sofa King said...
Simply put: don't hold cash, cash instruments, or things like bonds that have a reliable but fixed income. Convert cash into real tangible assets, things that will hold their value reasonably well. Don't rush to pay back loans that are at fixed rates.
- May 5, 2009 at 12:36 AM
- S said...
You can look into Series I savings bonds, if you think the .1% real rate of return is enough to compensate for the default risk.
- May 5, 2009 at 1:00 AM
- phwest said...
One other area to consider is foreign stocks/bonds, as this is a useful hedge. Just be careful the risks aren't worse on the other end.
I wouldn't be all that nervous about holding cash now - you don't want a lot of cash when inflation is raging, but it isn't yet, and cash gives you something to work with. What I would avoid are bonds and CDs - their prices will start to head down as soon as interest rates react.
It is the transition that tends to be painful (assuming we stay out of hyperinflation - which is a whole 'nother ball game). If inflation spikes up to 10% say, but then stabilizes, interest rates will increase accordingly and bonds can again be a reasonable investment. After-tax returns will suffer, since the return required to keep pace with inflation gets taxed as "income" but if your money is in tax-deferred accounts that can be avoided.
One thing that may help - at least from a peace of mind perspective - is making sure your mortgage (if you have one) is a 30 year fixed. Assuming you stay employed, your mortgage can be a straight hedge for an equal amount of bond or insurance investments.
- May 5, 2009 at 9:24 AM
- Squid said...
Borrow like crazy! If the Fed is planning to spend ten trillion dollars it doesn't have, and then repay those debts with debased currency, then I figure the rest of us should follow its lead.
I wish I could say I was joking.
- May 5, 2009 at 9:29 AM
- phwest said...
Hyperinflation is a real mess though. True hyperinflation is a political event, and creates an environment where real investment is impossible. In effect, hyperinflation is a government repudiation of debt, and a once the government starts defaulting on contracts nothing is safe. In that situation all you can do is go into survival mode and try to hang on to whatever you can. Other than making sure to bankroll your local politicians so they will look out for you, getting money out of the country pretty much the only option. A government that will blow up the currency will not hesitate to tax real property into oblivion as well. Only the politically-connected can survive with their assets intact - the middle class just gets wiped out.
- May 5, 2009 at 9:35 AM
- sofa said...
Sofa_King - great nic !
- May 5, 2009 at 10:01 AM
- David V.S. said...
I've blogged about this a bit.
http://davidvs.blogspot.com/search?q=inflationThe short answers are:
(a) Have a mortgage. Inflation in effect partially pays off debt, and for most people their mortgage is their main debt. Common advice is to be paying 30%-50% of your income as mortgage: more than this is financially risky, less is not taking enough advantage of tax benefits and inflation. Certain parts of the country have other recommended percentages.
(b) Invest in gold. What percentage of your investment portfolio should be in gold depends upon how your mortgage compares to your investment portfolio.
(c) Make big and long-lasting purchases now, when we are "due" inflation but is has not yet arrived. Anything that will last 10+ years is effectively on sale if cash is currently worth more than it should be. Buy that car, sofa, granite countertop, etc. that you have planned and saved for but were waiting for the "right" time.
(d) Buy more stocks. The reason is similar to (c) but the issue is more complicated. See the blog link for more detail.
- May 5, 2009 at 5:17 PM
- David V.S. said...
I should add that the government simply cannot pay out its promises. Even before 2009 that was true. The "Entitlement Crisis" has been well known for years. (Even my parents knew to teach me not to count on Social Security existing when I retired.)
There will surely be some inflation because the government is now spending and promising to spend so much money. But a lot of what we are seeing is probably politicians trying to keep doors open: the more promises they make, the more options they have to pick and choose from when forced to break promises because the Entitlement Crisis finally hits hard.
In other words, federal obligations are too high, but inflation is not the only way out--simply breaking promises works too. During the next decade we'll see both happen, and I'm not wise enough to predict with any more detail how much of each we'll see.
- May 5, 2009 at 5:26 PM
- Bhagwani said...
Interesting graph over at the Skeptical Optimist today – have a look
- May 6, 2009 at 3:24 PM
- August 3, 2009 at 5:11 AM
China Wholesalers has been described as the world's factory. buy products wholesaleThis phenomenom is typified by the rise ofbusiness. Incredible range of products available with China Wholesale "Low Price and High Quality" not only reaches directly to their target clients worldwide but also ensures that wholesale from china from China means margins you cannot find elsewhere and China Wholesale will skyroket your profits.china wholesale productsbuy china wholesalewholesale chinawholesale productsbuy products
- September 9, 2009 at 11:02 PM


text: SHOWstudio and Gareth Pugh join Amnesty International in their fight against the prejudice and violence directed towards Russia's LGBTI community. Nick Knight and Pugh asked the fashion industry to join the cause by taking part in mini video clips. Additionally, Pugh and Ruth Hogben present a striking short film. The launch times with London Fashion Week and the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics.


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EMERSON, N.J. -- The ribbon was formally cut Wednesday at a 14-unit housing project in Emerson for military veterans with special needs.
American Legion Post 269 leased the land behind its Main Street building for a dollar a year to the non-profit Housing Development Corporation of Bergen County, which built the units.
"We can never fully repay the men and women in our armed services who are willing to make the ultimate sacrifice in order to protect us," County Executive Jim Tedesco said, "But we have a moral obligation to make sure affordable homes are always within reach."
Project funding was provided by the New Jersey Housing and Mortgage Finance Agency (HMFA) and the Bergen County Division of Community Development, as well as the Housing Development Corps.
Donations of furnishings, time and money were made by the Bergen County Division of Veteran Services, American Legion Post 269, Catholic Charities, Making-It-Home, and corporate and non-profit sponsors.
"The men and women who have faithfully served our country deserve safe, affordable housing and community support as civilians, especially those who became disabled as a result of their service," said American Legion Post 162 Commander Zoltan Horvath of Hillsdale.
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Follow RFF News on your cell phone. Text follow rff to 40404 you will receive txt messages with RFF News
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Do we list our usernames or what?
My question is: Do we post our answers here in this thread or do we send them to you in a message?
I'm really sorry but I tried the new answering system and it is painful. Coupled with the most random and obscure questions I have ever seen, doesn't give me a good impression of this game....
* I'm locking in my answer to 26, but I'm wondering if this question means a single distance (Port Elizabeth) or cumulative for the leg (Israel)?
Correct. The first spoiled day of racing is November 18th, which means this round closes at noon on December 2nd - this Friday.
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One Spokane, Wash., teacher who wanted to motivate his students to donate candy to the school's annual Trick-or-Treating event made an unusual bet to encourage participation.
The wager? David Robinson, who goes by Robbie, would dye his hair and beard bright pink for breast cancer awareness if his East Valley High School students could donate at least 45 pounds of candy.
Students in Robinson's class managed to collect 46 pounds, prompting the teacher to uphold his side of the bargain and "Go Pink," according to KHQ.
Robinson debuted his pink hair in school on Oct. 21 and plans to keep the neon 'do until the end of the week.
For Robinson, whose mother died from cancer, the pink hair is more than just the byproduct of a lost bet.
"I though to myself, holy cow, I've never done anything for that cause," Robinson told KREM.


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password: PinkCouture
Thank you to PinkCouture for capturing this for BZ and us. :D
Thank you to PinkCouture for capturing this for BZ and us. :D
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hello all :
Sorry for not writing for long time ,because I am busy with the study , which is very difficut this year , we have 7 subjects and each of them is a bulky one , and need hard studying ..
I am fine ,but litle depressed because I am studying very much ,and my mark are not so high , in relation to my hard studying . so I lost the force for hard studying after mid year .!!
about the situation in Mosul is very bad ,the kidnapping and killing re appear after it disapear for a period of time , and also the theives ( who enter the houses to steel or/ and may kill the pwner of house ) also re apear , so WE ARE UNSAFE IN OUT OWN HOUSES !!!! . so we can go ? if our own house is unsafe place !!
On the 7/3/2010 , it was the day of voting ,it is the second time , that I can vote ,because now I am above 18 years . Actually I hate politics , and I dont want my head to ache me because of it , I thought not to go to the election , but then I thoght they may play with my paper and fill it with a person that we never want him .. !! so I went and gige my vote to a person after I read his C.V. on the net ,and I saw that he is an active person and has nice projects ..
I am thinking of a project to help the poor and sich projact ,afer I ' ll complet the plan of the project ,I 'll post it because this project need the nice and best peaple like you .
see you
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Just talking
hello all :
Posted by Dr.Human at 7:51 AM 25 comments


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Cecil, Arkansas Collections Lawyers
Timothy Snively
Fayetteville, AR 72703
University of Arkansas School of Law
Michael A. LaFreniere
Fort Smith, AR 72901
University of Arkansas School of Law
Peter Estes III
Fayetteville, AR 72702
Timothy Sharum
Fort Smith, AR 72901
Mary Edwards Green
Fayetteville, AR 72703
James E Hensley Jr
Suite 101
Conway, AR 72034
William H. Bowen School of Law
M. Beau Durbin
Hot Springs, AR 71901
William H. Bowen School of Law
Bryan Christian
Little Rock, AR 72205
William H. Bowen School of Law
Perry Yale Young
Benton, AR 72015
Lyndsey D. Dilks
Little Rock, AR 72202
William H. Bowen School of Law and Michigan State University
Robert M. Wilson III
Suite 1400
Little Rock, AR 72201
University of Arkansas School of Law
Andrew Mikeal Taylor
Suite 1500
Little Rock, AR 72201
William H. Bowen School of Law
Tasha C. Taylor
Suite 1500
University of Arkansas - Little Rock
Everett Martindale
Little Rock, AR 72201
Neil Deininger
Little Rock, AR 72201
Franklin Spencer
Little Rock, AR 72201
Roy Finch Jr
Little Rock, AR 72201
Mitchell Lloyd Berry
Little Rock, AR 72201
Eric Berger
Little Rock, AR 72201
Charles Turner Coleman
Little Rock, AR 72201
Michael James Ptak
Little Rock, AR 72201
Andrew Ballard
Little Rock, AR 72201
Lance Owens
Jonesboro, AR 72403
Judy Simmons Henry
Little Rock, AR 72201
Suzanne McGee-Swindle
Scott, AR 72142
Candice Shavawn Smith
Ste 1900
Little Rock, AR 72201
Texas Southern University Thurgood Marshall School of Law
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CMoore needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 61 designs submitted by 13 freelance designers.
Logo design must SELL the event to women.
Vibrant, FUN,Fashionable and feminine
Logo should work in both black & white or color.
Girls Night Out
Desired Color Scheme:
All suggestions welcome
Desired Style:
Leave it to your imagination
Accepted File Formats:
Logo is for a women's event. It's a Friday night of shopping and pampering. A night out with friends. Take a break - get away from it all.
Shoes * martinis * jewelry * massages * manicures * travel packages * chocolate *dinner specials * drink specials * seminars * contests and a whole bunch more
Logo primarily will be used in advertisements (newspaper, posters, table tents, fliers, etc)
Design should take on FUN feel that would motivate ladies to grab some friends and go to Girl's Night Out
I'm anxious to see what designs get created. Creativity encouraged.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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HomepageI'm currently very busy with the offical game homepage. I'm programming it with C++. How cool is that? :D It will contain a forum, a blog, and probably an item and monster database. The homepage isn't done yet, but I'll keep you up-to date in this blog.
MultiplayerThere's a separate server application and everyone will be able to host his own server. It's currently Windows-only but a Linux port should be no problem because it has basically no dependencies except Winsock. I'm also planning to include an in-game server browser which allows you to easily connect to different servers from the client. Of course, you can also play completely offline.
Release?I know many of you want me to release the game in its current state. This might work for a sandbox game but it doesn't work well for an action RPG like Cube World. We still need to add things like a start screen, menues, save slots and character creation, more content and need to finish the homepage. I don't know how long this will take but we're doing our best to finish everything as soon as possible.
New FeaturesToday we had a funny three-player online multiplayer session. I made some screenshots and will use them to illustrate a few new features that we've added so far.
As you can see there is now a chat window in the lower left. In the screenshots we use cheating commands to change our names. There's also a /level command which allows you to reach any desired level. :P Of course I'll remove that in the final game. :)


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One such example from my own family collection is a small and unfortunately rather grainy print, of the wedding party at the marriage of my grandparents, Charles Leslie Lionel Payne (1892-1975) and Ethel Brown (1894-1978), measuring 102 x 61 mm - much the same size as a carte de visite, which had gone out of fashion some two decades earlier, superseded by the postcard. It was presumably taken by a family member or friend with their own camera. The wedding took place on 22 September 1826 at St. Augustine's Church, Normanton, and the photograph was taken, according to my father, in the garden of the Brown family home at 121 Crewe Street, Normanton, Derby.
The group are, from left to right, Charles Vincent Payne (1868-1941) and Amy Payne née Robinson (1867-1932), the groom's parents, Leslie and Ethel Payne, bride and groom, Edith Newman Brown née Miller (1872-1956) and Frederick Montague Brown (1870-1960), parents of the bride. The dog's name is unknown!
For many years, this was the only photograph that we knew of from that day. However, during an exchange of email correspondence in 2001 with a niece of my grandfather's war time friend Canadian Pete MacLaggan, she discovered some Payne photos in an a couple of albums inherited decades earlier from her uncle. Among these was another photo, shown above, of the "happy couple," obviously taken within minutes of the group photo. Of the dozens of photos that I have seen of my grandfather, this is one of the few in which he is smiling.


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Tania Maria (piano / vocals), Marc Bertaux (bass), Hubert Colau (drums). A Grammy nominated Brazilian born singer and pianist, famous for her rhythmic piano playing and unison scat, Tania Maria has over two dozen albums to her name and has performed all over the world. She has established herself as a highly renowned jazz singer as well as a hugely influential proponent of Brazilian music.
Brazilian pianist, singer and composer Tania Maria has nurtured a long and passionate love affair with music. Since the release of her first album in her native land 37 years ago, the vivacious musician has treated the world to a non-stop aural fiesta, serving up steaming portions of her piquant blend of festive Brazilian rhythms and daring improvisations, brimming with R&B, funk and Afro-Cuban flavors.
Born Tania Maria Correa Reis into a family of amateur musicians in São Luís, a remote, historic port city in northwestern Brazil, she began formal study of the piano at the age of seven. Just six years later, she had established a name for herself in the music world as leader of a band that won first prize in a regional music competition. After a brief respite from music to study law, her fingers continued to yearn for the piano, and she finally gave in to its insistent call, committing herself to music with more fervor than ever.
Having outgrown the limited opportunities to expand her music horizons in provincial São Luís, Tania thrust herself into the burgeoning club scene in Brazil's two largest metropolitan centers, cosmopolitan São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Deeply influenced by Brazilian pianist Luiz Eça, who had led his Tamba Trio to fame in the early 1960s performing Brazil's swinging new bossa nova style, Tania dazzled club patrons with her robust interpretation of bossa standards. But within a short time, she realized that the deck was stacked against female instrumentalists in the notoriously macho culture of her homeland, and departed for greener pastures in Europe.
From the outset, her first musical performances clearly showed her potential and her predilections for an astounding mix of Brazilian rhythms and jazz harmonies and a remarkable natural gift for creating sophisticated, enticing melodies. A successful tenure in Paris in the 1970s established her reputation throughout Europe and led to collaborations with such noted artists as bassist Niels-Henning Orsted Pedersen. Her effervescent style and prolific recording output caught the attention of American jazz guitarist Charlie Byrd, one of the first non Brazilians to perform bossa nova, who recommended her to the Concord Jazz label. Her nine albums for Concord produced a string of popular successes, including the mega hit "Come With Me." Many years later, Tania continues to stand out as one of the truly great talents on the contemporary Brazilian music scene, known for her unmistakable sultry voice, her percussive touch at the piano, and her ability to spontaneously combine such venerable Brazilian rhythms as choro and samba with the urban styles of our time – hip-hop and funk.