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Part 3, Chapter XIII - A Fat Bald Dude With A Bad Temper
Part 3, Chapter XIII - A Fat Bald Dude With A Bad Temper
Mar 8 2013, 12:28 AM
Post #1
[ShitKickers] Posse
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Checkpoint 1
Giovanna says her goodbyes to Max. She thanks him for all he did and tried to do. Passos says they are finding somewhere far away and safer. He thanks Max and walks off with Giovanna. Max is left with Da Silva. The cop says Mr. Becker of the UFE is a leader of weapon dealing and organ trade. Max gets dropped off at a police station to turn himself in (for crimes he's not really the cause of). The UFE officers take Max upstairs past jail cells and into an interrogation room. They smack him around but Max tricks them into moving closer in order to knock them out and get a gun. He moves into the hallway where another officer is walking up.
Checkpoint 2
Kill the officer ahead and two more in the office. When they are dead the gates ahead open. Grab pain killers in the office before going to the gate. Max hears people coming and hides in the office. Armed prisoners exit the gate and UFE officers come from an opposite doorway. The officers get killed and the group of thugs moves on. Max leaves the office.
Checkpoint 3
Head through the gate into the jail cell area. Make a left to find a Golden MPK part. Now follow the blood trail. If you are quick, you can save two prisoners around the next corner. If not, the two UFE officers kill them and head towards you. Make them dead. In the shower on the right is a Golden Law part.
Follow the path through some cells and you'll meet another enemy. Kill him. Make a left towards a voice yelling to get out. It's the tourist from the strip club. Go around the path and two more officers appear so kill them as well. Move forward. In a right-hand corner cell is a pain killer. Go out the door at the end of the walkway. Max sees the last of the prisoners being killed by the UFE. He takes cover behind a column.
Checkpoint 4
Take out the UFE officers. They'll come up on both sides with more in the back coming through the doorway. When they are all dead head into the first room on the right for a pain killer. Go into that back room and find another pain killer plus a laptop to examine. Be sure to take a peek at a notebook featuring a Max Payne doodle on one of the tables. Also in that room is the button to open the next set of security doors. Activate it and walk out the doors.
Max walks outside to a police parking lot and sees a prisoner trying to take out an armored personnel carrier (APC) with an RPG. Unfortunately he and his comrades get shot down by the turret gunner. Max decides to finish the job and takes cover behind a wall with bullets flying at him.
Checkpoint 5
Wait for the gunner to stop firing and run over to the prisoner body on the left (take cover behind the barrier). Grab the RPG. When the firing stops again, take aim and shoot the RPG at the APC. You only get one shot. If you miss, there are two more off to the right. One is next to another body and the other is behind a cop car. After the APC explodes the garage door under it will open and reinforcements enter the parking lot. Towards the left of first RPG's location is a grenade launcher and ammo. Use that or take out the incoming UFE officers however you wish.
Go into the garage. There may be a straggler so watch out. On the right a set of red doors open. A prisoner exits but gets shot down. Kill the UFE officer behind him. Turn around and in the far corner of the garage is a Golden Law part. Go through the red doors and up the stairs.
Checkpoint 6
Through the next door, to the left, are two UFE officers beating a prisoner to death. Kill them and another pops out from the next left. You can also make a right when you enter the area to take cover behind a small wall. They won't see you for a few seconds. Also behind this wall is a Golden G6 Commando part. When all three are dead move up and around to the left. Go through the two sets of doors.
Checkpoint 7
Inside the locker room, go left and find a pain killer. There is another to the right but more UFE appear in the next room. Kill the three in the gym and two more enter from the back afterwards. Go into the shower/bathroom back-left (Men) for a Golden MPK part. Opposite shower/bathroom (women) has a pain killer. Go through the next set of doors. Towards the left a few officers are in the rooms. One is ahead in the kitchen and two are on the right. Kill them and move into the kitchen ahead for another Golden G6 Commando part. Go into the opposite room and look for a note to examine on a desk that in the middle (right side of cluster) against the wall. Go through the next set of doors.
You'll see one UFE officer ahead behind a desk and another will pop in from the left. Kill them both. Go to the room on the far right for a pain killer and Golden G6 Commando part. In the opposite room (left of security) is a Golden MPK part. Go into the security room with all the TVs. Max looks around and spots prisoners taking on the UFE. He also sees a group of UFE in an elevator that happens to land on this floor. Max takes cover.
Checkpoint 8
Take out the UFE ahead. One of them tosses a smoke bomb as more appear from the other elevator. Kill them all however you can. If you didn't get the collectibles already then do so now. There is a pain killer on the wall of the security room next to where Max takes cover. Pick an elevator and activate the button for the 5th floor. The elevator gets stuck but Max climbs out.
Checkpoint 9
Outside the elevator, kill the lone UFE officer behind the desk ahead. In the back room through the door is a pain killer on the table with cards. Go out through the next set of doors where a few UFE officers are standing around, facing away from you. Kill the three plus a couple more that appear from the right. When they are all dead, a heavy gunner will enter. Fortunately, unlike the Cracha Preto heavy gunners, this guy doesn't have a good helmet and can be taken out easily. When he's dead, check the middle-right office for a file about the AUP (from the yacht attack). Then go to the office in the back (left of the doors) for a pain killer and laptop to examine. Da Silva is shown to be a good cop.
Go to the doors and Max finds them locked. He loots a UFE body for their keycard and enters the briefing room. Go up to the podium and examine the briefing. Click through the slides as Max narrates. It seems the Tropa Z is the new king gang after the Comando Sombra died out. Max and Passos are also shown in the slides. When the slideshow starts over, exit the next set of doors.
Checkpoint 10
Go through the waiting room into the evidence locker. A UFE officer is walking around. Kill him plus the other behind him and more are in the back. Go into the office near the entrance doors for a pain killer. When they are all dead get to the back. A gun locker is off to the left if you wish to switch weapons. Go through the back locker and to the left. Out the doors is a stairwell. Max starts up the stairs but a tear gas canister drops down and blows up.
Checkpoint 11
With tear gas filling the stairwell, hurry up the stairs. All the doors are locked but there is a wall vent near the top (above third set, opposite the top door). Shoot out the grate and go to it. Max hops up and enters the duct. Unfortunately it doesn't hold for long and he crashes into a server room with a UFE officer. Max enters Bullet Time.
Checkpoint 12
Shoot the UFE officer and get up. Go around the corner and Max begins to search discs on a table. He finds the missing disc from the Branco security system - when Rodrigo was killed in his office. The disc shows Mr. Becker's second in command, Bachmeyer, giving the final shot. When Max is done head out the next door.
Checkpoint 13
Go through the next set of glass doors into the lab. UFE officers will break through the windows so be ready. Kill them all and go out the next door. Max goes face-to-face with Bachmeyer. They exchange a few words and the UFE officer runs off. Max chases him into the next room. With lasers coming through the right-hand windows, Max gets on a wheeled cart and enters Bullet Time.
Checkpoint 14
Take out the UFE officers across the way while rolling on the cart. At the end Max hops off so take out the ones you missed if needed. Run around and collect ammo from the bags along the room. An alarm sounds that doors are opening.
Checkpoint 15
More officers enter the room on the left. Kill them and move in. There's a pain killer on the wall in this office. A couple more will pop out at the far end of the weapon cache. Kill them and go around trading weapons if you wish. Head out the next door and make a right. Examine the flak vests. Max puts one on since the show is only beginning. Slide over and activate the button for the next security door. Walk out the doors.
Checkpoint 16
Walk to the end of this room along the gun range to grab a pain killer. Get through the doors down into the training simulator area. Follow the green arrows. Make a left and you are greeted by two enemies with a third running in after them. Another with a green laser appears overhead to the right. Kill them all. Around the next left is another so kill him too. Keep moving and kill another enemy plus another green laser up ahead. Off towards the right are a few more. Kill them and move around the next right to the stairs. One more runs through a door at the top so kill him and go up. Grab the pain killer and get through the door.
Checkpoint 17
You are at the target end of the gun range. An alarm sounds as a bunch of UFE officers are shooting your way from the other end. Clear them out and grab the Golden Law part on the left before walking over. An officer comes out with his hands up surrendering. Shoot him before he grabs the shotgun in front of him after you walk away. Go through the shop and one last UFE officer is walking up around the left corner. Kill him and grab the pain killers off to the right next to the sinks. Go out the next door. Max goes up the stairs and out another door. He sees Bachmeyer with some fellow officers but fails to sneak past them. Max runs and takes cover behind a railing.
Checkpoint 18
Two officers are down in front of you coming up the stairs to the left. Kill them and another at the bottom. A bunch more appear at the far end of the room behind various TV monitors and desks. The last couple are in rooms at the back. Wipe them out and Max gets taunted by Bachmeyer on a balcony. Max takes cover behind a desk.
Checkpoint 19
Two UFE officers approach from the left. Kill them but trying to get Bachmeyer proves difficult because of the railing he's hiding behind. Instead, shoot the light above him so it crashes down and makes him move. You'll likely need to wait for Bachmeyer to stop shooting or get his hands/gun so he stops for a second. The light will take plenty of bullets to be brought down. When it starts to drop, aim above it to catch the supports. When the light falls Bachmeyer slides to your left while two more enemies enter at your level. Repeat the same thing. Switch to the opposite desk to get a better shot at Bachmeyer's new location. There's a pain killer on it too. Shoot the ducts and ventilation unit out of the ceiling. Bachmeyer will stand up so you can give him a final bullet to the head. He tumbles over the railing onto the floor.
Max grabs the keycard to Becker's office and makes his way up. He breaks into the office and is faced with a humored Becker. Max begins to strangle him but Victor comes up from behind with a gun to Max's head. He thanks Max for helping to clean up the gangs like Victor promised to his voters. Right when Becker goes to grab Max's gun, Max headbutts Victor and smacks his gun away. Becker tases Max and they escape.
Golden Guns
Pain Killers
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Ockham Spell API - SDKs
The service provides spelling suggestions, including alternatives spellings, for words provided as part of a request. It can draw recommendations either from a collection of dictionaries or from a particular one specified in a request. Dictionaries focused on particular fields and topic domains help to accommodate differences in use of the same word in varying contexts. API methods support submission of a word as a string in the request URL to return a list of close matches from the service's master dictionary. Methods also support restriction of a request to field-specific dictionaries for biology, earth sciences, mathematics, and library science. Returned data then list only the words that closely match the requested string as used within that particular discipline.

subset: commoncrawl


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- Home
- News
- Sports
- Opinion
- Obituaries
- Features
- Special Sections
- Classifieds
- Public Notices
The Perry County News is pleased to announce events of local interest as a service to our readers and the community. Information should be sent to The News at P.O. Box 309, Tell City, IN 47586. Information can also be faxed to 547-2847 or e-mailed to email@example.com. Please include a telephone number.
Benefit for Mark Thomas June 18
TELL CITY – A fundraiser benefit for Mark Thomas will be held from 7 to 10 p.m. June 18 at the Tell City Moose Lodge. The event will feature the Tom and Bob Show. Cost is $5 at the door and children 14 years and under will be admitted for free.
A bake sale and auction will also be held to raise funds. Donations are welcome and can be made by contacting Kim Hughes at 719-8803. Thomas fell and broke his back working on a roof. He is now recovering from his injuries. Funds raised at the event will helps pay medical costs. For more information on the event, contact Hughes.
County museum summer dates
CANNELTON – The Perry County Museum, located inside the Old Courthouse in Cannelton, will be open during several dates during the summer.
The museum will be open from 1 to 4 p.m. June 19 and 26. The courthouse will also be open for tours by appointment. Lena Joyal, new curator for the museum, is also asking for items of historical county significance to add to the museum's collection. For more information on tours or donating items, call 547-3190.
Military police reunion July 10
JASPER – The 324 Military Police Detachment, formerly of Jasper, will have a reunion for all former members and their guests at 1 p.m. July 10 in the basement of the Jasper Outdoor Recreation Club.
The club is located four miles north of Jasper on Highway 231.
A picnic lunch will be provided and those attending are asked to take their own drinks.
Open talent contest to be held
PERRY COUNTY – A talent show will be held at the Perry County 4-H Fair at 2 p.m. July 16 at the outside stage.
The competition is open to all ages and acts. Cash prizes will be awarded.
Anyone interested in entering the contest can contact Kayla Miller at email@example.com or 719-1036.
PCSAC accepting grant requests
PERRY COUNTY – The Perry County Substance Abuse Committee is accepting grant requests during June.
Grant applications are available online at www.perrycountysubstanceabuse.org.
Deadline for submitting applications is 3 p.m. June 24. Applications can be mailed to PCSAC, P.O. Box 442, Tell City, or drop off applications to Diane Conner, coordinator, at First United Methodist Church in Tell City.
Call Christal Moskos, committee president, with questions, 547-4669.
CPR-first aid class Saturday
TELL CITY – The Perry County Red Cross will offer a CPR-first aid class from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturday at the Tell City-Perry County Library. Pre-registration is required.
Call 843-4747 to register for the class.
Oakwood to host book, purse sale
TELL CITY – Oakwood Health Campus will hold a used-purse and book sale from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. June 22 in the Assisted Living Lobby.
Anyone wishing to donate any gently used purses or books may drop them off at Oakwood prior to the sale. All proceeds of the sale will go to the 2011 Independence From Hunger Food Drive to help fill the shelves of Perry County Food Banks.
Marching band race, pancake breakfast July 9
LEOPOLD – Runners and walkers of all ages are invited to a 5k race at Perry Central schools July 9.
Sign in will begin at 6:30 a.m. with the race starting at 7:30. Registration forms and preview of the participant T-shirt can be found at www.marching5k.com. Online registration is also available. Registration is due by July 2.
Sponsorships are available with T-shirt logo and Web link. Prizes include a three-month membership to Everbody's to the men's overall winner; a massage from Collette Cunningham of Leopold to the women's overall winner and one ticket to Holiday World and Splashin' Safari to each of the overall winners in the girls and boys 14 and under race. Top finishers will be listed in the Perry County News.
A pancake breakfast will be available during the morning. Cost is $5 and is open to all. Both events are sponsored by the Perry Central Band Boosters.
For more information, visit www.marching5k.com, call 843-5652 or e-mail email@example.com.
Hillbilly golf scramble July 9
BRANCHVILLE – Branchville's first Hillbilly Golf Scramble is scheduled for July 9 at the Old English Golf Course.
Cost is $45 per person with four people minimum per team. All-you-can-eat burgers and hot dogs will be provided to teams. Festivities will begin with a shotgun start at 9 a.m.
Deadline to register is June 27. To register or for more information, contact David Beertzer at 843-3064 or Derick Lamar at 719-3376.
VNA Plus to offer blood-pressure, blood-sugar screenings
TELL CITY – Visiting Nurse Association Plus will offer free blood-pressure and blood-sugar screenings in Tell City. Screenings are scheduled from 8:30 to 10 a.m. June 21 at Wal-Mart and from 9 to 10 a.m. June 28 at Twilight Towers. For more information call VNA at 547-7967.
Humane society meeting Tuesday
TELL CITY – The Humane Society of Perry County will hold its monthly meeting at 6 p.m. Tuesday.
The meeting will take place at Fifth Third Bank in Tell City.
For more information, contact Jim Carter at 836-4138.
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Evidently Drake couldn't wait.
After the rapper's label told Billboard it planned to release his new song on the night of the Grammy Awards, Drake jumped the gun late Friday by posting "Started from the Bottom" on his website. The track is the first single from Drake's upcoming third album, the follow-up to 2011's "Take Care," which debuted at No. 1 and has sold nearly 2 million copies.
"Today is the day to begin sharing my newest work with you," Drake wrote in a note accompanying the song. "I didn't feel I needed any interviews or radio or press to launch this song. It felt right to come back to the site that I started on and release it to the people that started here with me."
Produced with gloomy goth-rap precision by Mike Zombie, "Started from the Bottom" recounts Drake's unlikely journey from teen-TV star to hip-hop heavyweight.
"I feel sometimes that people don't have enough information about my beginnings and therefore they make up a life story for me that isn't consistent with actual events," Drake wrote. "My family and my second family (consisting of the best friends anybody could ever have) all struggled and worked extremely hard to make all this happen. I did not buy my way into this spot and it was the furthest thing from easy to achieve. I am proud of every part of my past and I'm excited for this song to find a place in your life as well."
Due to some naughty language, we can't post "Started from the Bottom" here, but it's available to stream and download on Drake's blog. And speaking of the Grammys, which are to be handed out Feb. 10 at Staples Center, Drake is up for several awards, including the prize for best rap album.
Super Bowl 2013: What will Beyonce sing?
Live review: Sound City Players at the Hollywood Palladium
Grammys 2013: Frank Ocean, Alicia Keys, Maroon 5 added to lineup


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All the Amenities to Feel at Home
Free airport shuttle and free breakfast
All of our pet-friendly rooms feature a microwave, refrigerator, HBO, and free WiFi. Wake up to free continental breakfast and unwind in our seasonal outdoor pool. We also offer free large-vehicle parking, suites, pool view rooms, and accessible rooms. Take advantage of our free airport shuttle.
What's Next Door
Go hiking, take a scenic drive, or explore a museum
Ski or snowboard down Mt. Baker's slopes, hike through trails in the North Cascades National Park, or go rafting on the Nooksack River. Take a scenic drive along Chuckanut Drive and admire breathtaking vistas, or drive north 20 minutes to the Blaine Peace Arch, a symbol straddling both U.S. and Canada. Explore the Whatcom Museum, or if retail therapy is in your plans, Bellis Fair Mall is just steps away.
Meetings and Events at Our Hotel
With 400 square feet of event space, our hotel features 1 meeting room, which can be arranged to accommodate 25 conference guests or 25 banquet guests. Plan your next meeting or special event with us. We also arrange great rates for groups — large or small.


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The stat-stuffing started at the opening tip.
Points? Rebounds? Assists? You just had to be on the court, and those things were yours, an embarrassment of riches fit for a king. And all made possible by All-Star Game-level defense.
This was just fine for the Nuggets, who took full advantage of the situation in a 137-107 win over New Orleans on a fan-friendly Wednesday night at the Pepsi Center. Most everything fans saw was aesthetically pleasing, and that has not always been the case at home.
The Nuggets liked what they saw too, especially Kenneth Faried, who scored a career-high 34 points and added 13 rebounds.
"It's just good for the fans. Been having a tough stretch on our home court. So for them to have fun, see a lot of dunks, see Faried get his career high and play so well I think is good for them," guard Ty Lawson said.
PHOTOS: Nuggets vs. Pelicans April 2
The victory snapped a four-game losing streak overall and a two-game slide at home. And in a season with not much left to play for, securing a winning record at home is one thing, albeit a modest one for a team that won 38 times on its home court a season ago.
This was the Nuggets' 20th home win. They'll need one more to ensure they won't have their first losing home record since going 13-28 in 2002-03.
"There's not many things we can shoot for at this point, but that is one of them," Nuggets coach Brian Shaw said. "We want to get back on the right foot, and give our fans some hope and see some positive things for the remaining games that we have here at home."
The Pelicans, who entered the game with the same record as the Nuggets, made it easy on the Nuggets. They started by letting Faried do basically whatever he wanted on the court. The Manimal rode the lack of real resistance to 18 points and nine rebounds — in the first half.
"Coach wanted me to impose my will, basically," Faried said. "He wanted the guards to attack. No matter how big they are or how many blocks this team averages, we were going to attack them and see if they were going to be able to withstand our attack."
As a team, the Nuggets had one of their best scoring halves of the season. They rang up 71 points in the first half. They shot 57.1 percent from the field and 50 percent from the 3-point line, where they nailed 7-of-14. Aaron Brooks had 15 points off the bench on his way to 24. Six Nuggets scored six or more points in the first half.
The second half? Rinse, repeat.
Faried continued to be all over the rim, dunking, blocking shots. Timofey Mozgov hit that 3-pointer he was looking for the other night.
It was that kind of night. A winning night.
Christopher Dempsey: email@example.com or twitter.com/dempseypost


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Hi, The Apache Tika project is pleased to announce the release of Apache Tika 1.14. The release contents have been pushed out to the main Apache release site and to the Central sync, so the releases should be available as soon as the mirrors get the syncs. Apache Tika is a toolkit for detecting and extracting metadata and structured text content from various documents using existing parser libraries. Apache Tika 1.14 contains a number of improvements and bug fixes. Details can be found in the changes file: http://www.apache.org/dist/tika/CHANGES-1.14.txt Apache Tika is available in source form from the following download page: http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/tika/apache-tika-1.14-src.zip Apache Tika is also available in binary form or for use using Maven 2 from the Central Repository: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/tika/ In the initial 48 hours, the release may not be available on all mirrors. When downloading from a mirror site, please remember to verify the downloads using signatures found on the Apache site: https://people.apache.org/keys/group/tika.asc For more information on Apache Tika, visit the project home page: http://tika.apache.org Cheers, Chris Mattmann (on behalf of the Apache Tika community)
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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia or "BPH" is a condition of prostate gland enlargement often leading to bothersome urinary symptoms (Untergasser 2005; Harvard Health 2012; Mayo Clinic 2011; Merck Manual 2008; NKUDIC 2012). It primarily affects older men: about 25% of men in their 40s have BPH, but this increases to more than 80% between the ages of 70 and 79. According to 2007 data, BPH is responsible for 1.9 million doctor's visits and more than 202 000 trips to the emergency department (Sarma 2012).
Benign prostatic hyperplasia can cause significant urinary symptoms in men. In fact, more than 50% of men in their 60s and approximately 90% of men over the age of 80 have lower urinary tract obstruction due to prostate enlargement. This causes symptoms such as a weak urinary stream, urinary hesitancy (delay in initiating urination), involuntary cessation of urination, straining to void, and a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder. Blockage of the urethra, the "tube" through which urine leaves the body, by the prostate can also affect the bladder. This may result in increased urinary frequency/ urgency, need to urinate during the night, bladder pain, painful urination, and/or incontinence (Sarma 2012).
Sex hormones exert significant influence over BPH development and progression. While many men are aware of a pro-growth role of a testosterone metabolite called DHT (dihydrotestosterone) in prostatic hyperplasia, few know that estrogen may also contribute to BPH (Ho 2008; Matsuda 2004). Aging in men is associated with an increase in the activity of an enzyme called aromatase, which converts testosterone into estrogen (Vermeulen 2002). Some research suggests increased estrogen levels in prostate tissue may promote hyperplasia (Ho 2008; Sciarra 2000; Jasuja 2012; Barnard 2009; Kozak 1982; Burnett-Bowie 2008).
This protocol will discuss the underlying causes of BPH and review conventional treatments along with their drawbacks. In addition, we will review several scientifically studied natural therapies that may ease BPH symptoms, as well as a novel medical therapy that may provide relief to BPH sufferers who have failed to respond to conventional therapy.


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NEW YORK, N.Y. — Bestselling authors James Patterson and Ann Patchett will help lead a nationwide effort to spread the good words of books.
Patterson and Patchett are the honorary chairs of the U.S. chapter of World Book Night, an international project for which hundreds of thousands of free books are handed out by volunteers.
U.S. organizers announced Thursday that copies of 30 works would be distributed April 23, including Tina Fey's Bossypants, Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 and Michael Lewis' Moneyball.
World Book Night was founded in Britain in 2010. Books are chosen by a panel of booksellers and librarians.


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Send your support queries to and our support team is available to respond to messages, complaints, requests and suggestions during regular business hours from Monday to Friday excluding holidays. Messages are normally answered within 48 hours.
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The state of Chiapas is on Mexico's southern border with Guatemala. In general the climate is tropical, hot and humid, with most travelers entering via the capital city of Tuxtla Gutirrez. Not far from Tuxtla, the Sumidero Canyon plunges 3000 ft into the Grijalva River, but before you plunge in yourself, be warned that big river crocodiles will be sharing the murky water with you. Better to take one of the boats that ply the river to get an up close experience of the canyon.
Chiapas has much to offer the adventure traveler seeking the past and present.
The mysteries of the Mayan culture can be explored in the lush jungle with Palenque (a UNESCO World Heritage site) being the most well known in Chiapas. Here you can see an impressive ceremonial compound from the Classic Mayan Period, as well as the "Palace", which is an excellent example of Mayan architecture, made up of several structures, underground rooms, and courtyards decorated with human figures, religious and chronological scenes. Arrive early if you can to beat the heat, and explore a bit on your own before the tour crowds start arriving.
Chiapas is one of the most bio diverse regions in Mexico and is also famous for excellent coffee. A short flight from Tuxla bring us to Tapachula to enter coffee country where La Finca Argovia is one of the regions most important coffee producers. Argovia also has a wonderful working farm/resort where you can explore the lush grounds, go for a "safe" swim, practice yoga or just enjoy the chef-prepared local cuisine. Being a coffee addict myself, I really enjoyed the opportunity to see firsthand the many stages that coffee goes through from red "fruit" to black coffee. Austin-Lehman's wellness retreat to Argovia Finca allows you to do all of this, and more! It's a great trip for those who want to relax in a safe and comfortable jungle environment, while learning about the connection of food with local culture in the Chiapas region.
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Then Hasselbeck became a patient of Green at The Celiac Disease Center and got a formal diagnosis of celiac disease. The celiac expert made sure she was on a strict gluten-free diet. Finally, Hasselbeck was able to conceive.
It's not known exactly why some women with celiac disease have fertility issues, but studies have shown that those affected often have delayed onset of their periods, early menopause and miscarriages. Of close to 2,000 women who took part in the Canadian Celiac Health Survey, the findings of which were published in 2007, 14.5 per cent said they had difficulty conceiving, and almost a third of the participants had had miscarriages. Celiac disease is also believed to affect men's sperm counts.
Since some of its symptoms mimic other conditions, celiac disease often goes undiagnosed. The disease affects about one in 100 people in the United States (numbers are expected to be similar in Canada), but studies suggest a majority of North Americans with the condition are undiagnosed. This means women may not find out the disease could be causing their fertility problems until it's too late.
"In our Canadian survey, about half of our celiac patients were diagnosed between the ages of 40 and 60," says Warren. "Well, you're already into menopause at that point." Others were seniors by the time the disease was spotted.
Green has seen many patients who were having trouble conceiving get pregnant within a year on a gluten-free diet. He believes celiac disease should always be considered – before treatments such as in vitro fertilization are attempted. Yet to do so is "decidedly uncommon, since it's not on the radar of many physicians," he says.
If a couple is visiting a fertility clinic, they have likely already seen three or four doctors, and the clinic specialist is not looking for alternative diagnoses. Hasselbeck notes that while fertility clinics help many couples to conceive, there is no incentive to investigate this condition: "giving a diagnosis of celiac disease isn't going to make someone at a fertility clinic rich."
But the other side of the coin is that there isn't a lot of research yet to support the link. In studies that have been published, results are mixed. A Finnish study found 4 per cent of women with unexplained infertility in a clinical trial had celiac disease. But another study from the University of California at San Francisco found celiac disease was not more common among women with unexplained infertility than the rest of the population.
At Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, Dr. Ellen Greenblatt is hoping to shed some light on the issue. She is using a questionnaire and blood antibody testing to screen patients with unexplained infertility for celiac disease. She is contrasting their results with those of a group who have a clear reason for not being able to conceive. If her research does reveal an increased prevalence of celiac disease in the unexplained infertility group, she believes routine testing for celiac disease would become the norm at clinics across Canada.
Greenblatt won't be convinced there's a link unless the data proves it, but says if she and her colleagues are missing a key reason for infertility, then "we're clearly doing a disservice to our patients."
Hasselbeck's story has a happy ending. It was about three months after meeting Green that she became pregnant. The Hasselbecks now have three children (the youngest was due at press time), and the TV co-host is glad she gave her body time to heal before attempting more "severe" techniques for conceiving.
"I'm on the better end of the spectrum because I found out when I was just starting to have kids," she says. "It's so important that women know the ramifications of not being gluten-free if you have celiac disease. I really hope the percentage of people properly diagnosed goes up."
For more celiac infertility stories, see Allergic Living's Fall 2009 magazine.
To order that issue or to subscribe, click here.
© Copyright AGW Publishing Inc.


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2019-11-03 Amerika - Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika
Von: 2019-11-03 Bis: 2020-12-26
Offen für: Allgemeine Öffentlichkeit Sprache: English
Kreiert von: Elayne Rae Crystal
Ort: , Kentucky, Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika, Amerika
First Degree & Second Degree Reiki Classes in Lexington, Kentucky
Dates are flexible according to your schedule and mine !!
The exact location of the class will be provided when you contact me. I offer small class sizes so there is plenty of time for hands-on learning, questions & answers, and practice. This First Degree class will be for a total of 12 hours.
Learn the traditional way of practicing Reiki. I teach the class the way Mrs. Hawayo Takata learned and taught it. ... Usui Shiki Reiki Ryoho. In this first degree class the following things are taught:
-the history of Reiki
-the Five (5) Precepts which are the foundation of the practice
-how to give yourself a Reiki treatment
-giving Reiki treatments to others (even children), animals, plants
-treating specific conditions (which some teachers do not include)
-receive a manual and Reiki certificate
-many more things
Note: First & Second Degree classes are best taught with time in between them so you can practice and become comfortable with Reiki. After you take the First Degree class, then the Second Degree class is taught when you feel ready to learn more. This class focuses on increasing your ability to give Reiki treatments, learning how to send Absentee or Distant Reiki treatments, and treating Mental/Emotional Conditions (eg: breaking bad habits, anxiety, depression).
** Check my web site for details about my classes and myself.
Email me with subject line "Reiki class in Lexington, Ky".
My email address is: email@example.com
Web site: http://www.elaynelivingwithreiki.com
Elayne R. Crystal
Reiki Master & Practitioner
Cell: 859 227-1071
Elayne R. Crystal
Reiki Master/teacher
(859) 227-1071
Email: email@example.com
© The Reiki Alliance 2013-2019. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.


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Two Dead in Indiana Plane Crash
(SOUTH BEND, Ind.) -- Two people have died and at least three others were injured on Sunday when a small plane crashed into a neighborhood near an airport in South Bend, Ind., according to a Federal Aviation Administration spokesman.
The pilot of the Hawker Beachcraft Premier 1 twin-jet plane, which had taken off from Tulsa, Okla., radioed the tower to report electrical problems while on approach to South Bend Regional Airport.
The plane crashed into the neighborhood, hitting three houses before finally coming to a stop, lodged in a house.
FAA spokesman Roland Herwig in Oklahoma City said there were four people on the plane, and two of them have died.
The crash shattered the calm of a Sunday afternoon in the quiet residential neighborhood.
"We thought a house was on fire on the next street, cause it was just blowing and it was like ash that was going through the air, little pieces," said Florence Retek, who lives nearby. "It was a loud noise and it sounded like a truck had crashed and then we looked out the front window, door and there was smoke."
The neighborhood was evacuated because of concerns about gas leaking from the plane's fuel tank.
South Bend Assistant Fire Chief John Corthier said the jet fuel leak made the situation "very dangerous."
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio


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Secretary of State John Kerry says that he has "big heels to fill" as Hillary Clinton's successor and promised to keep U.S. diplomats abroad safe.
Kerry was greeted by cheering employees at the State Department as he arrived for his first day of work on Monday.
As the first man in the post in eight years, Kerry referred to Clinton and Condoleezza Rice, his two most recent predecessors, asking: "Can a man actually run the State Department?"
"I don't know," he joked. "As the saying goes, I have big heels to fill."
Nothing the deaths of Ambassador Christopher Stevens and three other Americans in the Sept. 11, 2012, terror attack on the U.S. diplomatic post in Benghazi, Libya, Kerry said the protection of American diplomats would be one of his top priorities.
"I guarantee you that beginning this morning when I report for duty upstairs, everything I do will be focused on the security and safety of our people," he said.
He pledged not to "let their patriotism and their bravery be obscured by politics."
Kerry told agency employees that he and President Barack Obama needed their help to make America safer and the world more prosperous and peaceful.
The son of a diplomat and member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for 28 years said that while the Senate may be in his blood, Foreign Service and diplomacy are in his genes.
He spoke of his time as a child in Germany, where his family lived while his father was posted on assignment.
Kerry pulled out his first diplomatic passport, issued when he was 11 in 1954, recounting how he used it a year later to ride his bicycle across the divided capital of Berlin and into the Soviet-controlled eastern part of the city.
"If the tabloids today knew I had done that, I can see the headlines that say, 'Kerry's Early Communist Connections!"' he joked.
He said his parents were mad at him, telling him he could have caused a diplomatic incident for crossing the Iron Curtain.
Kerry described the experience as his first lesson in democracy.
There were very few people," he told the crowd. "There was no joy in those streets. And when I came back, I felt this remarkable sense of relief and a great lesson about the virtue of freedom and the virtue of the principles and ideals that we live by and that drive us."
Kerry was sworn into office in a private ceremony last Friday before a more formal swearing-in ceremony on Wednesday at the State Department.
He is expected to spend the remainder of the week holding meetings and reaching out to world leaders.
On Monday he spoke with the foreign ministers of Britain, France and Germany. And over the weekend he spoke with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, as well as the foreign ministers of Japan, South Korea, Turkey, Canada and Mexico.
He also crashed a concert by the Afghan National Institute of Music on Monday. When told the group of musicians from Kabul was in the building, he went down to meet them, take photos and listen to their performance.
Calling them "ambassadors of peace," Kerry related to them as a fellow musician. As a young senator, Kerry played guitar in a rock band called the "Electras."
"I still play guitar," he told them. "When I go home, I love to play guitar."


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Category : Math Worksheet.
Topic : I like worksheets for kindergarten. Author : Rodgers Brodrick.
Posted : Thu, Jul 11th 2019 06:43 AM.
Format : jpg/jpeg.
Once downloaded, you can customize the math worksheet to suit your kid. The level of the child in school will determine the look and content of the worksheet. Use the school textbook that your child uses at school as a reference guide to help you in the creation of the math worksheet. This will ensure that the worksheet is totally relevant to the kid and will help the child improve his or her grades in school.


text: Where will a version of this be made available to the membership in the event one cannot attend? On 9/12/08, Gould Smith <gouldsmi at bellsouth.net> wrote: > Hello Robb and the BB, > > AMSAT presents a report to the membership each year at the annual meeting > during the Symposium, generally Saturday afternoon. See the Symposium > registration page at > http://www.amsat.org/amsat-new/symposium/2008/index.php > We are planning on a Saturday session in Atlanta this year. Robin, AA5RC > and his team in Atlanta are working on providing an Internet broadcast of > the annual meeting, and possibly a way to take questions. > It is a matter of getting the volunteers and equipment to do these things. > I haven't announced this officially yet since I don't have all the i's > dotted and t's crossed, but we are close. > > 73, > Gould, WA4SXM > AMSAT VP User Services > > ----- Original Message ----- From: "Robb Hill" <vortextube at gmail.com> > To: <amsat-bb at amsat.org> > Sent: Friday, September 12, 2008 6:05 PM > Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: p3e > > > > I would like to see an Annual Report to the membersip. I think that > > would be a great forum for the status of our mission. If there is a > > committee that does that I am happy to help. If not I would really > > like to know to whom I could make such a reccomendation. > > _______________________________________________ > > Sent via AMSAT-BB at amsat.org. Opinions expressed are those of the author. > > Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program! > > Subscription settings: > http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb > > > >


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Introduction to Bowhunting
Man has hunted with a bow and arrow for thousands of years. Approximately 18,000-20,000 hunters in Washington use a bow and arrow to hunt bear, deer, elk, and other game.
Historically, only the three types of bows below have been legal for bowhunting in our state: the long bow, the recurve bow, and the compound bow.
Stringing a Bow
All bows require a bowstring. Compound bows always have the bowstring attached to the bow. Long bows and recurve bows are strung when they are used and unstrung when they are stored. The correct and safest way to string a long or recurve bow is by using a bowstringer.


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"Slim Gillian's hair is not actually hair, it is just an extension of his brain that gives him the increased neural space required to rock and roll." -Taylor Dupree Brewington
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New music is on it's way. Posted on November 8, 2013
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Cesarean Section Homebirth Style -- My Birth Story
By Rachel
The pediatrician described my labor and delivery as death by a thousand cuts. I'm not sure I would describe it that way, but it was intense. My water broke on Friday morning at 7:30. Contractions started by 8. My friend, Theanna, and Maria, the midwife, came over to the house. The morning and afternoon went as expected. Lots of rocking and swaying, humming, breathing, and counting. Cassie applied counter pressure to every contraction which also helped. I hung out in the shower, draped myself over an exercise ball, dropped into it instead of resisting, walked around outside in the sunshine, listened to the soothing music Theanna brought over, and did everything else we had learned to do to manage labor. I had an IV drip of antibiotics every 4 hours (to combat GBS which I tested positive for. GBS is a virus(?) that lives in the vagina of some women and can cause sepsis if it gets on the baby on the way out the birth canal). Cassie chased me around with water and OJ which I threw up on two occasions which was awful but usual apparently. Every few hours the contractions shifted to something more intense and we found a new rhythm, new pain management techniques, and kept moving through it.
This all went fine until late in the evening when we hit some new pain intensity that I could not believe. I had no idea it would hurt that much. None of the previous tricks were working and I was so tired. I had never lain down all day because it hurt too much. The midwife got me lying on the bed somehow so I could rest between contractions. That roller coaster was an amazing ride. Up with the excruciating pain, Maria talking me through the panic and sense of being trapped. Then down, still stiff and shaking, while Maria coaxed me to breathe, relax my shoulders, and rest. I would actually fall asleep during those 1 to 3 minute breaks and it was the most restful relief of my life.
We had one last secret weapon -- the warm birthing tub in the middle of the living which was set up with much hullabaloo in the morning. But I suppose we miscalculated when to use it. I threw up one last time during one of my rests on the bed which did it. My hold on control was so tenuous at that point that the trauma of coughing and spitting out vomit on the pillows sent me over the edge. I was done. I wanted it over. I was 5 centimeters.
I hung in there 20 more minutes for one last IV while bags were packed and we got ready to go to the hospital. I knew that complete relief was only moments away. I sort of remember having a contraction on the walkway on the way to the car, in the car, and again in the hallway of the hospital as I staggered towards to elevator. I'm sure I looked and sounded like someone dying a painful death. Finally the labor and delivery room, vital signs, blood drawn, fetal monitor attached, and news that they wouldn't even call the anesthesiologist until the blood work was back. I think we waited nearly two hours.
Maria said that she wanted me to do my best but that it wasn't supposed to be torture. It was torture. I continued to feel trapped and panicked every time. I remember staring at one spot on the ceiling to try to stay focused. My mind kept screaming to Cassie to "get me out of here!" Maria (I'm sure) did her best to guide me through. I refused some narcotic that was offered, knowing that the anesthesiologist would be there any minute. She finally arrived and I truly felt like she was the angel of mercy. Within a short period of time the needle was in. Someone looked at the monitor and said, "You're having a contraction." "I am?" I said. Cassie, Theanna and Maria looked at me in disbelief.
Then we slept. I am in tears of gratitude now thinking of the dedication of my birth team. Theanna slept in a chair, and Cassie and Maria slept on the cold, hard hospital floor. I could not believe it. Three or four hours later it was morning. I was 9 and more centimeters. Hooray! They said we would have a baby by noon.
There was only a little lip of cervix left which everyone thought wouldn't impede progress. I was absolutely done with pain and didn't want the epidural turned down so I could feel the contractions and know when to push. Maria and the hospital midwife coached me, and the pushing felt incredibly weird since I couldn't feel anything. After a few tries, the midwife checked and said I was pushing right but the baby wasn't coming down. Also, that little remaining bit of cervix wasn't moving. One problem with epidurals is that they can slow down contractions. So I agreed to a little bit of pitocin to get things moving again.
What happened after that gets blurry. There was much fiddling with epidural and pitocin levels. I could feel contractions again. I was exhausted from pain by then and shied away from every contraction. It hurt and I couldn't focus. I finally accepted the narcotic which didn't take the pain away but kept me fairly relaxed during contractions, and totally relaxed in between, without me having to do anything. I cried really hard. I couldn't see my way through. Everyone was helping me relax and get through it moment by moment. My dad appeared and held my hand.
Suddenly we changed gears. They wanted me to push. The nurse said something about if I wanted to avoid a c-section I had to work harder than I ever had in my life. I would not. I could not. I couldn't even get mad. I still felt trapped and powerless. Then I realized that, in fact, I was absolutely powerless over what was happening and what was to come. Theanna said a prayer with me, and then I let go of everything knowing I would be taken care of. I focused on a spot on the floor, blocked everything else out, and, following the cues from the contractions and the voices around me, put every ounce of myself into pushing.
This went on for some time. I could have gone on like that forever. We tried two positions. From time to time Maria or the hospital midwife checked. There was a swelling on the head that was moving down, but the bones of her skull were not passing under the pubic bone. They just bumped up against each other over and over. The hospital midwife said my pushing was stronger than any she had seen in a long time.
About two hours into it, the hospital midwife said it wasn't going to work and recommended a c-section. Maria agreed. I let down my guard and cried. That was it. It was over.
Or was it? Maria said there was one more position we could try. I said I could not do it. I couldn't regroup. The hospital midwife didn't come back. Maybe the hospital had given up. It was just me, Cassie, Theanna and Maria again. I regrouped enough to agree to try three more pushes in the new position just to say I had tried everything. We did more than three, and then Maria checked. She said she thought maybe a little something was happening, but she couldn't really tell. She said that she had a little bit of hope with this position, but that it could be two or three more hours of pushing, maybe two or three hours before we even knew anything. I freaked out. I couldn't go on this roller coaster ride anymore. What to do? "Little Bit of Hope" versus "Two or Three More Hours." I said no. I would not do it. At once, I was wheeled away for a cesarean.
That is the moment. The one I replay in my head over and over. "Little Bit of Hope" versus "Two or Three More Hours." Did I make the right call? I said I would do everything I could. I could have pushed for two or three more hours, couldn't I? Maybe, but I could not accept the idea that we might not know if it would work. My spirit and mind were totally exhausted and overwhelmed by then. Maybe I did the right thing. But I am sad. I cannot believe how terribly sad it makes me. I am starting to move through the feelings of utter failure, but the grief over being cut open is still strong, as is the loss of a vaginal birth, of finishing the experience, of being complete. Not to mention knowing that the possibility of ever having a home birth or even a vaginal delivery in the future is very compromised. I am surprised at the level of grief that I feel, but it is definitely there.
But, on to the good stuff. Within an hour of my decision, little Anna came to us. Her large head was turned the wrong way which explained the mystery of the ineffective pushing. They lowered the curtain at just the right moment so I could see her birth with my own eyes. Suddenly she was actually there, she was real! She cried just like in the movies. Cassie stayed with her at the table where they checked her out, and soon she was on my chest.
People said that any sadness or pain about your birth experience would disappear at the sight of your child. That is absolutely not true, but I do not ruminate on the grief and sadness. It immediately recedes to the corners of my mind at the sight of her. She is completely perfect and beautiful. I am in utter awe and deeply in love, on a cloud like never before. The bliss and joy is like they said it would be -- like nothing else.
As for the cesarean, I think of it as Cesarean Section Homebirth Style. My midwife says that homebirth is a state of mind, and I agree. I received excellent prenatal care which was compassionate and thorough. Every appointment lasted an hour, all of our questions were explored and concerns addressed thoroughly. Through those appointments and our excellent 6 week homebirth preparation class, we learned about every tool available to us at home and at the hospital. My fear of labor and delivery diminished over time and was replaced with confidence and respect. The folks in our class have kept in touch and encouraged each mama, holding her in love and light, as she brought her baby to the other side.
The memories of laboring at home bring me peace and joy. I hear the music and see the sky and sun and feel the soft breezes. I am very proud that I labored for 17 hours without intervention, mostly at home. Those were homebirth moments. My compassionate and dedicated partner was with me every single step of the way. She knew what to do thanks to her homebirth training. My beautiful and supportive friend, Theanna, got into the groove right away. My homebirth midwife was with us to the end guiding us in the ways of homebirth.
I don't see how I would have experienced all this if we had planned a hospital birth. We would have had perfunctory 15 minute prenatal appointments. I understand that many hospital oriented birth prep classes are cursory. We would probably have gone to the hospital early. I would have been given the epidural, pitocin and narcotics early. I may not have even known I had a choice. I would have missed the many hours of uninterrupted, quiet, natural labor at home. As it was, I was able to make informed choices at every turn with the help of my trusted birth team. I chose the epidural, I chose the narcotics, I chose pitocin and ultimately, I chose the cesarean, but only in the moments when I knew it was right for me and my baby. Those were also homebirth moments. I felt completely empowered through the entire process.
So that's my story. It's different than I expected it would be, but it's mine and it's perfect in its own way. And of course, most importantly, we got a beautiful baby girl out of the deal. Somehow we get to keep this little bundle of joy. She's ours! We're parents! The journey has just begun.


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Dublin, Ireland, May 8, 2013 / 02:02 am (CNA).- The finding of the Irish Supreme Court that citizens have no right to assisted suicide is being welcomed by an ethicist and healthcare professional as an affirmation of the value of human life.
"It's a clear tragedy when society endorses assisted suicide...I was happy to see the supreme court decision in Ireland," Doctor Marie Hilliard, director of bioethics and public policy at the National Catholic Bioethics Center, told CNA May 7.
On April 29, the supreme court of the Republic of Ireland ruled against Marie Fleming, who has multiple sclerosis and so is unable to commit suicide. Fleming wanted to ensure that she could end her life with the help of her partner, Tom Curran.
Fleming is in an advanced stage of multiple sclerosis, and is restricted to bed much of the time and has only some effective use of her arms. She reports also having difficulty speaking and swallowing, and frequent severe pain. She cannot control her electric wheelchair, has no bladder control, and requires assistance to eat and drink, and be washed and dressed.
Ireland decriminalized suicide in 1993, but assisting another person to kill themselves is still a criminal offence. Fleming argued that there is a "right to die" and that the prohibition against assisted suicide discriminates against the disabled.
Fleming "states that she now lives with little or no dignity," and her condition has "left her feeling totally undignified," according to the ruling.
In its finding, the court said that "there is no constitutional right to commit suicide or to arrange for the determination of one's life at a time of one's choosing," and so Fleming "has no right which may be interfered with by any disability."
In remarks to CNA, Hilliard reflected that a right to assisted suicide "would undermine the role of physicians as healers, expose the vulnerable to abuse, and would initiate a steady slide toward euthanasia."
"We don't kill the sufferer to kill the suffering; that's not what health care is about. And it's a societal failure too, in terms of walking with our loved ones."
She also called the promotion of assisted suicide a "palliative care failure." Those with diseases such as multiple sclerosis can often fear abandonment, that they won't be cared for because they "won't have the same value in our society."
"From a medical standpoint, a nursing standpoint, and a social standpoint, it's a communal palliative care failure...so certainly we're happy to see that the Irish supreme court saw this."
Hilliard pointed out the similarities between the Fleming case and a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court decision, Washington v. Glucksberg.
In that decision, authored by Chief Justice William Rehnquist, a Nixon appointee, the court found that the U.S. Constitution does not protect the right to assistance in committing suicide.
The loneliness and fear which motivate calls for assisted suicide "means we don't have good palliative and hospice care," according to Hilliard.
To promote assisted suicide "does the opposite of what people think, in terms of developing a caring approach to end of life care." Rather, a "holistic perspective" needs to be adopted, which integrates families, palliative care nurses, physicians, patients, and pain control.
Hilliard emphasized the difference between subjects of terminal illness and terminal illnesses themselves. Palliative care deals with "how suffering is to be alleviated, not how to alleviate the sufferer," she said.
The ethicist said it is important for Catholics to engage in hospice care, because "we can't just say we're against assisted suicide and then let folks continue to suffer."
"We have to have an organized way of addressing what people think is an unresolvable problem in terms of suffering at the end of life. It's not."
The good works of palliative care, she said, "are the real alternatives that are going to spare the patient, the physicians, and society from doing down that road towards eugenics."
Tags: Human dignity, Assisted Suicide, Palliative Care
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This biography was prepared by the staff of the Billy Graham Center Archives at Wheaton College and is intended to provide a basic context for understanding the documents in BGEA and BGEA-related collections.
For more detail on the early years of Graham's ministry, see "I Learned to Look Straight At Them": The Apprenticeship of Billy Graham, 1937-1949
William Franklin Graham, Jr., known as Billy Graham to most of the world, was born on November 7, 1918, near Charlotte, North Carolina, to William Franklin and Morrow Coffey Graham. Billy was the first of four children, followed by Catherine, Melvin, and Jean. In 1919 he was baptized by sprinkling at Chalmers Memorial Church. William Franklin, Sr., was a successful farmer and businessman and Billy had a normal childhood. Both parents were Christians and the family regularly attended the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church. In 1934, evangelist Mordecai Fowler Ham began preaching at a series of revival meetings in Charlotte. He stirred up considerable controversy with his charges of moral laxity at the local high school. Billy attended the meetings, partly attracted by the controversy. Graham was led, while listening to Ham's preaching, which heightened Graham's conviction of his own sin, to commit his life to Christ.
In the fall of 1936, the young man began attending the fundamentalist school, Bob Jones College, in Cleveland, Tennessee. He had begun to consider the possibility of becoming some kind of Christian worker. However, he could not adjust to campus life at Bob Jones and left after a few months. He transferred in January of 1937 to Florida Bible Institute (now Trinity College) from which he graduated in 1940 with a BTh (Bachelor of Theology degree). While at FBI, he became convinced that he should be baptized by immersion as an adult and Rev. John Minder, vice-president of FBI, presided at the sacrament. He began preaching on street corners and at rescue missions and small churches. In December, 1938, while he was leading a series of meetings at the Peniel Baptist Church in East Palatka, Florida, he was baptized again by the church's pastor, Rev. Cecil Underwood (a Southern Baptist), in Silver Lake. He agreed to the baptism to be acceptable to Southern Baptists and at this time began his life-long membership in the Southern Baptist Convention. In February of the next year, he was ordained by Rev. Underwood and other local pastors as a Southern Baptist minister in the St. John's River Association. While still in Florida, he met members of the family of V. Raymond Edman, the president of Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois. They praised Graham's preaching ability and Christian character to Edman, who then arranged for him to attend Wheaton. Graham attended from 1940 to 1943, when he graduated with a BA in anthropology. He became pastor of the United Gospel Tabernacle in the town of Wheaton while still a student and also had many other preaching engagements, some out of state.
At Wheaton he met fellow student Ruth Bell, his future wife. She was the daughter of the Southern Presbyterian missionary and surgeon, L. Nelson Bell. The Bells had been stationed in China since 1916. It was in that country and in Korea that Ruth spent her childhood. The couple was married on August 13, 1943, after graduation. Graham's first (and last) pastorate after graduation was at the Baptist church in the Chicago suburb of Western Springs, which was soon thereafter named the Village Church. He served a little over a year. During his time in Western Springs, he took over from another Chicago-area pastor, Torrey Johnson, the religious radio program Songs in the Night. Graham preached on the program every Sunday evening and persuaded George Beverly Shea, a popular Christian soloist, to join him.
The program was only a few months old, however, when Graham left it and the church to become vice president of Youth for Christ. YFC had grown out of the enthusiastic, unconventional Christian rallies that were being held all over the country in the mid-forties for servicemen and young people. Torrey Johnson organized the Chicago meetings and asked Graham to speak at some of them. In 1945, the local Youth for Christ organizations that had sprung up around the country joined together to form one organization under the leadership of Johnson. He then hired Graham as the traveling representative. For the next four years, Graham traveled all over the United States, Canada, and Europe, speaking at rallies and organizing YFC chapters. His two trips to Europe in 1946 and 1946-1947 (the latter trip being his first extended work with song leader Cliff Barrows) had a particularly important influence on shaping his thinking about how evangelistic campaigns should be planned and advertised. In YFC, as at Wheaton, Graham created a deep impression on individuals and large groups through his sincerity, personal attractiveness, and vitality. In turn, both YFC and Wheaton introduced him to many individuals who later became leaders of the evangelical community and who would assist Graham in his evangelistic work. Gradually, as Graham began to hold evangelistic rallies on his own, his work for YFC tapered off, and in 1948 he resigned from the staff, although he remained an active friend of the organization and served on its board of directors for a time.
In 1947, William Bell Riley, who was the founder and president of Northwestern Schools in Minneapolis, met with Graham to ask him to be his successor as head of the institution. Graham was reluctant, but Riley persuaded him. Riley died in December of the same year and Graham became president. Several of the staff and faculty at Northwestern later joined the staff of Graham's evangelistic organization.
As mentioned earlier, Graham had begun to hold his own evangelistic rallies across the country. (The first was in his hometown of Charlotte in 1947.) Working with him were soloist George Beverly Shea, choir director and master of ceremonies Cliff Barrows (whom he met in 1945), and associate evangelist Grady Wilson. (Grady and his brother, T. W., were boyhood friends of Graham's.) Within evangelical and fundamentalist communities in America, Graham became quite well known. At the end of 1949, he suddenly came into national prominence. An evangelistic campaign Graham was leading in Los Angeles resulted in the dramatic conversion of a local underworld figure and a prominent disc jockey, among others. The newspaper magnate, William Randolph Hearst, for reasons unknown, ordered his publications to "puff Graham" and other newspapers around the country followed suit. The campaign, planned for three weeks, lasted seven. ( Click here for more information on the Los Angeles meetings, including audio files of Graham's sermons.) Next, Graham went to Boston for a scheduled series of campaigns and again the results were spectacular. He then went on to Columbia, South Carolina, where he met publisher Henry Luce, who was impressed with the evangelist and had articles about him written for his publications, Time and Life magazines.
In the next decade, Graham held evangelistic campaigns in all the major U.S. cities as well as a series of rallies in Africa, Asia, South America, and Europe. He became something of an institution--a symbol for religion in many people's minds. Perhaps the most impressive meetings of his early career were the Greater London Crusade of 1954 and the New York Crusade of 1957.
Graham and his associates were well-aware of the frequent criticism or implied criticism that evangelists were all Elmer Gantry-type con men. Graham, Barrows, Shea, and Grady Wilson had pledged to each other that they would avoid situations in the past which had led to scandals about evangelists, specifically to avoid even any appearance of financial abuse, exercise extreme care to avoid even the appearance of any sexual impropriety (from that point on, Graham made it a point not to travel, meet or eat alone with any woman other than his wife Ruth), to cooperate with any local churches that were willing to participate in united evangelism effort, and to be honest and reliable in their publicity and reporting of results. To order to run his ministry on an orderly, business-like basis, Graham, his wife, Cliff Barrows, Grady Wilson, and George Wilson (a co-worker from YFC and Northwestern Schools) incorporated the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA) in 1950. At the same time, Graham began his weekly radio program, The Hour of Decision.
The BGEA staff planned and coordinated evangelistic meetings and other activities of Graham and his associate evangelists. The Association eventually would have offices in cities around the world at various times , including Sydney, Buenos Aires, Winnipeg, London, Paris, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Moscow, and Mexico City. It was based in Minneapolis, Minnesota until 2002, when the international office was moved to Charlotte, North Carolina. Besides its work in evangelism, the BGEA or its subsidiaries, including Grason Company and World Wide Pictures, published periodicals (the color tabloid Decision was prepared in six languages and Braille), books, phonograph records, and audio tapes, as well as produced a variety of media programs, including films, videos, radio and television programs, web sites, web casts, etc.
The heart of the work remained the evangelistic meetings. Graham formed a team of workers who assisted each community having a crusade in planning, holding, and following up the meetings. Most of the original BGEA staff members were drawn either from North Carolina, YFC, or Northwestern Schools (where Graham served as President from 1947 until 1952). Besides Barrows, Shea, Grady Wilson, and George Wilson, important figures were public relations director Gerald Beavan, associate evangelists T. W. Wilson, Leighton Ford, Ralph Bell, Joseph Blinco, Akbar Abdul-Haqq, Roy Gustafson, Howard O. Jones, Lane Adams, and John Wesley White; pianist Tedd Smith, organists Don Hustad and Paul Mickelson; crusade directors Willis Haymaker, Walter H. Smyth and Sterling Huston. In the early 1950s, the Navigators, another evangelistic group, developed a system for following up on the Christian nurture of converts at BGEA crusades. At first, Navigator staff members were loaned to the BGEA to supervise counseling and follow-up, but by the late 1950s, BGEA staff had taken over. Charles Riggs left the Navigators to take charge of crusade counseling and follow-up.
After 1957 Graham generally held three to five crusades a year, while the number of meetings held by the associate evangelists varied more widely. Usually the associates led crusades in smaller cities and towns or even in single churches. Some specialized in different parts of the world. Akbar Haqq and Robert Cunville, for example, regularly held meetings in India and Howard Jones in Africa. All the associates, however, also held meetings in the United States and other countries. From 1964 to 1976, the crusade staff, known as the team, was based in Atlanta, Georgia. Before and after that they were at the main office in Minneapolis and later moved on to Charlotte. The name of this department was changed from "Team Office" to "Field Ministries " in the late 1980s. Reports on all of Graham's crusades and some of the associates' regularly appeared in Decision and hour long versions of several services from a major crusade would be broadcast on television usually a few months after the crusade close. In major crusades in large cities, both in the United States and other countries, Graham would preach to hundreds of thousands or even millions of people. The BGEA only held crusades in places where they had been invited by a large number of local pastors and laypersons, although the organization received so many such invitations that the evangelists could virtually pick the place they wanted to go. Staff would investigate each invitation to see if there was wide support for the meeting and then a decision would be made whether to accept the offer or not. For many months ahead of time, a crusade director and other staff people from the BGEA would be working with the local executive committee (incorporated as a separate entity), setting up subordinate committees; recruiting choir members, ushers, counselors, and others; making arrangements for the auditorium or stadium; overseeing publicity; etc. In general, local volunteers prepared for the meetings under the guidance of BGEA staff who followed a procedure developed in hundreds of such crusades. The services themselves consisted of singing by the volunteer choir, a testimony from some well known person, the offering, solos by George Beverly Shea and/or other singers, and the sermon. People who came forward at the evangelist's invitation at the end of services to become Christians or to renew their commitment or to get more information were referred to volunteer counselors who would later refer them to a cooperating pastor in their community. They also received a workbook through the mail to help them as they began Bible study.
In 1962, acting on the suggestions of Lane Adams and businessman Lowell Berry, the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association began to investigate the possibility of holding seminars in conjunction with crusades. These seminars would be aimed at seminary students and would provide the future ministers with a theoretical and experimental understanding of the ways and means of mass evangelism. The program was officially organized in the Chicago crusade in 1962 when twenty young men from seven seminaries participated. The trial programs were enthusiastically received and the School of Evangelism became a regular part of major crusades. The aim changed slightly over the years as the main focus moved to pastors, although others could attend as well. A typical school consisted of a series of seminars and lectures on various aspects of practical evangelism. The speakers were members of the BGEA or people closely associated with it. For many years these schools were only held in conjunction with a crusade, but in the 1980's, annual SOE's were held by themselves at the Billy Graham Center and the Cove (see below) and other sites.
As mentioned above, the Hour of Decision radio program was one of the first projects of the BGEA. At first, Cliff Barrows served as announcer, Jerry Beavan reported on Graham's evangelistic campaign, George Beverly Shea sang, and Grady Wilson read Scripture. Then Graham brought a brief message. Although the format and participants varied some over the years, the heart of the program remained Graham's sermon, which often was closely related to or took its starting point from current events. Occasionally, one of Graham's associates, such as Leighton Ford, would give the message. One hundred fifty stations on the ABC network carried the first broadcast. The first year on the air brought in over 178,000 pieces of mail and the number steadily rose year by year. By 1970, over 1200 stations worldwide carried the program to an audience estimated in the tens of millions. Cliff Barrows became the supervisor of the recording of the program, assisted by John Lenning. Lee Fischer helped with the preparation of many of Graham's radio messages in the 1950s and 1960s, followed by Robert Ferm and John Akers.
Besides producing a radio show, the BGEA also was associated with radio stations in North Carolina and in Hawaii. The station in Hawaii, KAIM FM and AM, was started shortly after World War II by the Christian Broadcasting Association. It became affiliated with the BGEA in 1959. The station in North Carolina was begun by the BGEA about the same time and was owned by the Blue Ridge Broadcasting Corporation, a BGEA subsidiary. The call letters for the AM station were WFGW and for the FM station were WMIT. Programming included many religious shows and was aimed at a general audience.
From 1951 to 1954, there was also an Hour of Decision television show. This was produced by Walter F. Bennett and Company and was filmed in a studio, with a format very similar to the radio program. The television program also often had special guests. After taking this program off the air, the BGEA did little with the medium until 1957, when it broadcast one-hour programs of segments of the crusade being held in New York. After that, it became the usual practice for the BGEA to nationally broadcast on consecutive nights three to five programs from the same crusade. These programs were edited tape, not live, and were usually aired several months after the end of the actual crusade. Several of these series were broadcast each year. Apart from a few specials, this was the BGEA's method for using television for mass evangelism. After each program, addresses were given to which viewers could write for more information. Later, telephone numbers were also given which people could call for counseling.
Billy Graham was introduced to Dick Ross, owner of Great Commission Films, in 1949. During Graham's Portland campaign in 1950, Ross produced a documentary film on the crusade and its activities. The film's success led to the Great Commission Films being bought out by the BGEA, and the assets of the company were used to start The Billy Graham Evangelistic Film Ministry, which was incorporated in Maryland in 1952. Dick Ross was the company's first president. The company was generally known as World Wide Pictures (WWP), but this did not become its legal name until 1980. The purpose of WWP was to produce and distribute films about BGEA crusades. Many of these would combine a fictional or true story of a person's conversion with scenes from an actual crusade, including portions of a sermon by Graham.
Mr. Texas was the first World Wide feature film. It was made during the 1951 Fort Worth Crusade and premiered at the conclusion of the Hollywood Bowl Crusade. Other feature films followed, including For Pete's Sake, The Restless Ones, The Hiding Place, and Joni. World Wide acquired a studio and headquarters in Burbank, California. In 1970, William Brown became the company's president, a position he held until 1988. WWP's distribution office for the films was next to the BGEA headquarters in Minneapolis, Minnesota. From the 1950s on, World Wide Pictures had their production studio in Burbank,California. This was where the studio scenes in the films were shot and where in-house editing and other technical work was done. As mentioned above, this office was closed in 1988 and all WWP operations were consolidated in Minneapolis. BGEA offices in other countries assisted in distributing the films around the world. Most of the films were distributed to churches and other religious groups but sometimes also to theaters for the general public. By the 2000s, production was limited to special projects, although WWP was still distribution of earlier moving image productions around the world.
Decision magazine was another branch of the BGEA. Sherwood Wirt was hired as editor in 1958. His mandate was to prepare a monthly magazine of a few pages aimed at a general audience, which would contain Bible studies, Christian teaching, brief news items, stories from church history and articles about recent crusades. Robert Ferm, Graham's personal assistant, was co-editor of the new publication and helped to represent the evangelist's viewpoint. The first issue came out in November 1960. Eventually, separate editions were prepared in Spanish, French, and German as well as special Australian and British versions. These other versions, except for the Spanish edition, eventually became independent magazines, so that by 1988 Decision was published only in English and Spanish. Roger Palms followed Wirt as editor in 1976. For years the magazine was tabloid size, but in 1985, it went to a smaller format. The circulation in 1988 was approximately two million.
Grason Company (started by Billy Graham and George Wilson) was incorporated shortly after the BGEA itself, in January 1952. Its purpose was to publish and distribute books, records, music and other materials which the BGEA used in its work. It produced much of the material given away at crusades to inquirers (including those who responded by letter or phone to television broadcasts of crusades). Any profits from its retail sales were given to the BGEA. Wholesale sales were handled by another organization, World Wide Publications.
The BGEA had various offices in the United States. Except for the period from 1964 to 1976, when the Team office was separated out to Atlanta, Georgia, the organization's main office was in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Organization executives by the 1980s included a director of foreign crusades, a director for Graham's United States crusades (sometimes the same person) and a director of the associate evangelists crusades. The associate evangelists generally also had an office at their homes. Also located in Minneapolis were Decision, Grason, and Wide Publications offices, as well as the counseling staff which answered the thousands of letters Graham got every year from people seeking advice and comfort. Here too was the staff that handled the BGEA's massive mailing list, its financial operations and public relations. Most of these operations were under the executive vice-president of the BGEA, who was generally in charge of administrative and business matters. The World Wide Pictures distribution office was in Minneapolis as well. For a brief time from 1964 to 1976, the office of the vice president for crusades was in Atlanta. When that office was closed, the staff moved back to Minneapolis. Another BGEA office was opened in Washington, DC in 1956, but closed not long afterwards.
The other major office in the United States was in Montreat, North Carolina, where Graham had his home. The staff there helped him with his appointments, travels, sermons, and other responsibilities. His close advisor and associate evangelist, T. W. Wilson, also had his office in Montreat. The Montreat office had a large reference library on evangelism and preaching.
Outside of the United States, there were a number of BGEA affiliates. They usually coordinated the showing of BGEA films in their country; the broadcast of radio and television programs where appropriate; the production of the national version of Decision, if there was one; arrangements for crusades in that country, etc. At one time, the BGEA had affiliates in Great Britain (1955), Mexico, Canada (1954), Germany (1963), Japan (1967), Argentina, Australia (1959), France, and Hong Kong (1972). In the 1980s many of these offices were closed down or their activities were greatly decreased.
Besides evangelism, radio, television, and films, Graham was involved in many literary endeavors, including the books Calling Youth to Christ (1947), Revival in Our Times (1950), America's Hour of Decision (1951), Peace With God (1953), The Secret of Happiness (1955), World Aflame (1965), The Challenge (1969), The Jesus Generation (1971), Angels: God's Secret Agents (1975), and How To Be Born Again (1977), The Holy Spirit: Activating God's Power in Your Life (1980), Till Armageddon: A Perspective on Suffering (1981), Armageddon Hoof beats: The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1983), Facing Death and the Life After (1987), Answers to Life's Problems (1988), Hope for the Troubled Heart (1991), Storm Warning (1992), and Journey: How to Live By Faith in an Uncertain World (2006) In 1997, he published his autobiography, Just As I Am. He was also responsible for a vast number of articles, tracts and similar items and a long-running syndicated newspaper column, "My Answer."
Throughout his career, Graham had critics of varying degrees of intensity. The criticisms generally fell into four different categories. Fundamentalists accused him of "ecumenical evangelism," that is, corrupting his message by accepting help and support from pseudo-Christians. Liberal Christians often wrote that he cared too much for evangelism and not enough for helping to ease the social ills of society. Some also attacked the crusades for being mechanical spectacles which moved people through emotionalism and left little in the way of results. Some evangelists felt he was too close to rulers and men of power who used him to increase their own legitimacy. These criticisms became particularly persistent in the mid-1970s because of Graham's friendship with President Richard Nixon, then enmeshed in the Watergate scandal. Graham rarely answered critics, except to state that he felt his primary task, his calling from God, was to preach the Gospel, and he would accept help from anyone who did not place restrictions on his message. He continued to have cordial relations with U.S. presidents and often gave the prayer at presidential inaugurals.
Graham had always had a deep interest in education and a commitment to training Christians in the methods of evangelism, as illustrated by the Schools of Evangelism. Two other projects of the BGEA illustrate this interest. As early as 1969, Graham and his associates had been thinking about both the preservation of the BGEA's historical materials and an evangelistic training center. Dr. Lois Ferm was involved in this early planning process. In 1974, the BGEA agreed to donate funds to create the Billy Graham Center on the campus of Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois. The Center, which was dedicated in 1980, included an archives, museum, and library all dedicated to the study of evangelism, as well as an Institute of Evangelism and various institutes intended to assist evangelistic work in different parts of the world and among various ethnic groups. The Center was a part of Wheaton College, but it worked closely with the BGEA and maintained the archives of the Association. The BGEA set up a separate corporation to hold the endowment from which, for many years, it made yearly donations to the Center for the maintenance of its work and for other projects.
One of these other projects was the Billy Graham Training Center at the Cove. The BGEA had acquired this property in western North Carolina near Asheville many years before and the board of the BGEA had long wanted to turn it into a school offering non-credit training in the Bible and evangelism to Christian workers and laypersons. In the early 1980s, the BGEA contracted with Columbia Bible College for CBC to start and run the school. After a few years, Columbia and the BGEA mutually decided to cancel the arrangement. In 1987, the board of directors of the Association announced that the Billy Graham Training Center would be on that site, a training Center, to quote from the Cove's 1988 brochure, "where the laity can study the Bible in depth and be trained to reach the lost for Christ, thereby serving more effectively within the local church." The staff appointed in 1987 included Tom Phillips, a former crusade director, as director of programming; Jerry Miller as director of property development and operations; and Larry Turner as director of the facility. Franklin Graham, son of the evangelist, became chairman of the board of trustees for the center.
The BGEA was one of, if not the, major influence on several twentieth century Evangelical eventssuch as the founding of Christianity Today magazine in 1955, the World Congress on Evangelism in Berlin in 1966, the International Congress on World Evangelization in Lausanne in 1974, and the three International Conference for Itinerant Evangelsits. Christianity Today was started by Graham, his father-in-law L. Nelson Bell, Howard Pew, and others to present the evangelical viewpoint to theologically liberal Protestant pastors. The journal evolved, however, becoming the leading voice of American evangelicals with the major share of its audience among evangelicals. The two Congresses, which also begat smaller regional congresses and consultations around the world, were meetings of Protestant leaders from around the globe who gathered to plan cooperative strategies for spreading the Gospel and serving the needs of the Church. After the 1974 Congress, the Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization was created to coordinate future meetings and continue the work of the Congress. This committee was separate from the BGEA.
In 1983, 1986 and 2000, the BGEA held meetings in Amsterdam for Christian workers particularly involved in preaching the Gospel to non-Christians. The first two meetings were called the International Congress of Itinerant Evangelists 1983, and the International Congress of Itinerant Evangelists 1986 (ICIE); the third event was called Amsterdam 2000. A particular effort was made to bring people from the Third World at the grass roots level, as opposed to leaders of organizations. During the conferences, sessions were held for the encouragement and training of the attenders, as well as plenary sessions addressed by Graham and others. Almost four thousand evangelists attended in 1983, more than eight thousand in 1986, and over ten thousand in 2000. In the 1980s and 90s, television was used to reach increasing larger, populations, culminating in the April 1996 Global World Mission broadcast with an estimated potential audience of 2.5 billion people
Since 1945, Graham and his wife lived in Montreat, North Carolina. The couple
had five children: Virginia Leftwich, Anne Morrow, Ruth Bell, William Franklin,
and Nelson Edman. In 1992 it was announced by the BGEA that Graham had Parkinson's
disease and would be easing back somewhat on his extremely busy schedule. In
1995, Graham's eldest son, William Franklin Graham III, was made vice chairman
of the BGEA board and it was announced he would be his father's successor when
the time came for Billy Graham to leave the ministry. In May of the same year,
Billy and Ruth Graham received the Congressional Medal at a ceremony held at
the Capitol in Washington, DC.
After the terrorists attacks on Oklahoma city in 1995 and on New York City and Washington in 2001, Graham, acting almost as a national pastor, gave moving sermons during memorial services to a nation in mourning.
In late 2000 Franklin Graham was named chief executive officer of the BGEA, while Billy Graham continued his crusade ministry. The following year Franklin Graham succeeded his father as president of the BGEA. Billy Graham, who had been diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease in 1992, had begun hold lest extensive and numerous evangelistic campaigns and in mid-2005 held his last campaign in New York City. Following that, he lived in retirement with his wife in Montreat, although still much involved with the planning and work of the BGEA.
On May 31, 2007, a public exhibit, called the Billy Graham Library, was dedicated on the grounds of the BGEA headquarters in Charlotte. The multi-story, 40,000 square foot building told the story of Graham's life and ministry and made an appeal to visitors to come to Jesus Christ as Savior. Graham's boyhood home was also moved onto the property and opened to visitors. Two weeks later, Ruth Bell Graham died and was buried on the grounds of the Library, next to the site reserved for her husband.


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A full-blown Justice League movie may have been the stuff of dreams for decades, but Warner Bros. and DC Comics are finally putting the wait to an end. Come Summer 2015, DC's greatest heroes will unite to fight a common threat (and skeptical moviegoers). But exactly who those heroes will be has, to this point, been unclear.
The newest batch of rumors apparently reveal the character roster for Justice League, as well as a few details on their onscreen personalities. We'd file these squarely under RUMOR for now, for a few reasons we'll get to in a minute.
With much of the Justice League attention of late centering around the apparent selection of Darkseid as the main villain, and a comic book storyline reportedly inspiring the script, not much thought has been given to who would be constituting the superhero team itself. Sure, Wonder Woman, Superman (fresh off of Man of Steel), The Flash and a brand new Batman will be on hand - but four people a 'league' do not make.
Even mainstays like Hal Jordan have had their future brought into question via films like the abysmal Green Lantern, and the jury is still out on which properties WB will see as packing the most potential for spin-off film franchises. Not to mention, which ones will help develop themes for the next round of installments and sequels.
The roster has changed much over the years, but we know WB and DC will likely choose their cast based on both present bankability and potential for the future. Will Beall (Gangster Squad) is still working away on the "dark and mature" Justice League script, but according to CosmicBookNews, their sources have the details on who will be appearing, and how they'll be behaving.
None of these details will come as a surprise to those either familiar with DC's history, their New 52 relaunch, or the latest news on the Justice League movie - which is only further reason to take this report with a grain of salt. But first, we'll focus on the rumored roster:
• Superman is essentially the same character from Man of Steel, and Zack Snyder is consulting regarding the writing of the character.
• Batman: The strategist of the group. Batman doesn't really want to be involved with these super powered beings he considers too powerful. Easily the most complex written.
• Wonder Woman: She has only been in man's world a few short months. The Wonder Woman script Michael Goldenberg is developing will be set before the Justice League movie.
• Green Lantern: Will be Ryan Reynold's character from the Green Lantern movie, but will be freshly written with a more serious tone.
• Flash: The most popular hero in civilian eyes who loves media attention, but when called upon is very serious.
• Martian Manhunter: Alien who has lived on Earth in secret for over a hundred years who has knowledge of Darkseid and his reign.
• Aquaman: Will be the King of Atlantis who has a key role in the film.
• There will also be a heavy military presence in the film which in future rewrites could include characters featured in Man of Steel or even Amanda Waller (Angela Bassett) of which neither are included in the first draft.
• Alfred Pennyworth is in the film in a minor appearance.
• Lois Lane is also in the film in a cameo.
• Darkseid's Elite will be featured who go up against the Justice League early on in the film.
Obviously, there aren't any bombshells in these latest reports, which (while potentially divisive) would constitute more of a "scoop." Superman will be Snyder's version of the character (we'll see how true that remains if Man of Steel fails to resonate with audiences) and Green Lantern will be, similarly, a continuation of what preceded. We, like many, are still curious about seeing at least the introduction of John Stewart or a new Hal Jordan, but there's no telling how massive an overhaul might be deemed a "freshly written" approach.
It stands to reason that Hal Jordan would be less of a joker than in Ryan Reynolds' previous stint, given the presence of The Flash. While Barry Allen wasn't traditionally the same wise-cracker as Wally West, the New 52 incarnation perfectly fits the "must love media attention" description; he's also the only hero with an actual museum built to his accomplishments.
Given DC's decision to show the members of the League becoming aware of one another's existence (and their potency when working together) first, then potentially showing how each of them got to that point in their own standalone films, the Wonder Woman details aren't shocking. While we assumed that these heroes would get origin stories eventually, hints that Michael Goldenberg's Wonder Woman will be filling in backstory could be a sign of what's to come in DC's second wave of superhero movies. A risky formula, but one we've hypothesized could end up working.
Since Superman will be the only hero with an introduction film come Justice League (and arguably Batman, since his origin story never changes) it also cements the fact that he'll be acting as the anchor for larger audiences - as if that was ever in doubt. That makes an appearance by Lois Lane far easier to understand, even if Amy Adams isn't confirming her involvement in sequels (and the Man of Steel trailer left their relationship somewhat in question).
As for Gotham's caped crusader, "strategist" is the role that we pitched as the best direction for a Batman reboot, and his being the most complex character of the group is as much a given as the cowl. The Alfred inclusion seems the most dubious and subject to change: Michael Caine has said he'd love to appear in the role again, but given his character's fate at the end of The Dark Knight Rises and the unclear Bruce Wayne/John Blake legacy (and casting) that's far from a sure thing. A clever way to incorporate Nolan's Batman into JL, yes, but such a move only raises more issues.
That being said, these rumored appearances raise some important questions about how 'grounded' Justice League will, or should be. If Darkseid is the villain, then our heroes will need someone to fight. Darkseid's Elite would fit the bill, but the more the door to the realms of New Genesis and Apokolips is opened, the more Warner Bros. leaves behind the world of Nolan's Batman and treads into Marvel's territory. Bringing in some outlandish characters could prove worthwhile, but is risky.
Of course, Man of Steel's time spent on Krypton and the battles between Kal-El and Zod could change everything we know about DC's live-action plans. Even Aquaman has earned his stripes in the rebooted "Justice League" and "Aquaman" comic books this year, so clearly anything's possible; count on a slow-burn introduction to Martian Manhunter, though.
We'd still recommend treating any and all Justice League rumors as just that, since there is plenty of source material to draw upon and almost no official details have been released so far. When the studio comments, we'll keep you up to date. Until then, we can only speculate.
Justice League could hit theaters as early as 2015, but Warner Bros. has yet to reveal a concrete release date.
Follow Andrew on Twitter @andrew_dyce.
Source: CosmicBookNews
Image Credit: Justice League Art by Marcio Takara