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Fire Alarm Signaling Systems
A fire alarm signaling system must not be an early casualty of a fire
Interest in emergency systems rose sharply after 9/11 and remains high. Building owners no longer install fire alarm signaling systems just to satisfy their insurance company. Today, their motivation is keeping employees safe, by including new installations, retrofits, upgrades, testing, and maintenance. The requirements of Art. 760 cover the installation of wiring and equipment for fire alarm systems, including all the circuits that control and power the fire alarm system. NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code provides other fire alarm system requirements.
Fire alarm systems include fire detection and alarm notification, voice communications, guard's tour, and sprinkler supervision. The fire alarm system might also control or power other systems, including elevator capture and shutdown, door release, smoke doors and damper control, fire doors and damper control, and fan shutdown. Building control circuits associated with the fire alarm system, such as elevator capture and fan shutdown, must comply with the requirements of Art. 725. The rules of Art. 760 apply only where the fire alarm system directly powers and controls these circuits.
Relation to other articles. Art. 760 doesn't stand alone. For example, 300.21 requires you to use approved methods to provide firestops for fire alarm circuits installed through fire-resistant-rated walls, partitions, floors, or ceilings to maintain the fire resistance rating. You must install cables through fire-rated assemblies with an approved fire-stop material per the specific instructions supplied by the manufacturer of the specific type of cable and construction material. When you make any opening in fire-resistant walls, floors, or ceilings, you must do so in a way that doesn't substantially increase the possible spread of fire or products of combustion (Fig. 1.)
Special installation requirements apply to:
Fire alarm circuits in ducts, plenums, and other air-handling spaces (300.22).
Fire alarm circuits in hazardous, or classified, locations (Art. 500 to 516).
Building control circuits associated with the fire alarm system, but not powered by it or controlled by it (Art. 725).
Optical fiber cables used in fire alarm circuits (Art. 770).
General installation requirements.
Part I gives general requirements, and you can find definitions specific to fire alarm systems in 760.2. For example, a nonpower-limited fire alarm (NPLFA) circuit is a circuit that can't operate at more than 600V. Neither power nor current for such circuits is limited. An NPLFA circuit is similar to a Class 1 circuit. The main difference is an NPLFA circuit is powered and controlled by the fire alarm system — frequently at 120V. You can't supply these circuits, or those of power limited fire alarm (PLFA) circuits, through GFCIs — except as noted in the FPNs that refer to 210.8(A)(5).
You must locate cables so they don't prevent the removal of ceiling panels for access to electrical equipment (760.5) (Fig. 2 above). In addition, you must install equipment and cabling in a neat and workmanlike manner, and support them as required in 760.6. If you install cables exposed on the surface of ceilings and sidewalls, support them by the structural components of the building in a manner that prevents damage from normal use. You can secure the cables to structural components by straps, staples, hangers, or similar fittings designed and installed so as not to damage the cable.
If you install cables next to framing members, the Code requires you to protect them against physical damage from penetration by screws or nails with 1.25-in. separation from the face of the framing member or by a suitable metal plate per 300.4(D).
Where twisted-pair, power-limited fire alarm circuit conductors extend beyond a building, install them according to the requirements of Art. 800 or use a Chapter 3 wiring method (760.7).
System grounding isn't required for fire alarm circuits that operate at 50V or less (760.9). Fire alarm circuits that operate at more than 50V must follow the grounding and bonding requirements in 250.30.
Identify fire alarm circuits at all terminal and junction locations in a manner that will prevent unintentional interference with the fire alarm circuits during testing and servicing (760.10) (Fig. 3).
After giving the general requirements in Part I, Art. 760 gives the requirements for NPLFA circuits in Part II and PLFA circuits in Part III. Part II is about half the size of Part III. Let's look at Part II first.
NPLFA circuits.
The main thing to remember about NPLFA circuits is that their power source can't exceed 600V, nominal. They also differ from PLFA circuits in another way: overcurrent protection devices (OCPDs). OCPDs must not exceed 7A for 18 AWG or 10A for 16 AWG conductors. You must locate the OCPDs at the point where the conductor receives its supply, unless your system meets one of three exceptions noted in 760.24.
Class 1 and NPLFA conductors can be in the same cable, enclosure, or raceway without regard to whether individual circuits are AC or DC, provided all the conductors are insulated for the maximum voltage of any conductor in the enclosure or raceway (720.6). Power supply and NPLFA conductors can be in the same cable, enclosure, or raceway only where connected to the same equipment.
You can use only copper conductors in fire alarm systems. Insulation must be suitable for 600V (720.27). Other conductor limitations apply.
If you have only NPLFA and Class 1 conductors in a raceway, fill it according to 300.17 (760.28). You can use the derating factors of 310.15(B)(2)(a) if the conductors carry a continuous load in excess of 10% of the ampacity of each conductor. If you mix power supply and NPLFA conductors in a raceway per 760.26, determine the wire fill per 300.17. You must derate these mixed conductors if the conditions in 760.28(B) apply. If you install conductors in cable trays, apply 392.9 through 392.11.
You can use multi-conductor NPLFA cables if the cables and installation methods meet a long list of requirements (760.30), including the following:
The circuits must be 150V or less.
You must provide support at intervals of not more than 18 in. if the cables are within 7 ft of the floor.
You can't install Types NPLFP, NPLFR, or NPLF in plenums or ducts unless in a metal raceway complying with 300.22(B).
You must use a specific cable type for certain applications. For example, you must use Type NPLFR for vertical runs that penetrate more than one floor.
The cables must be listed as circuit integrity (CI) cable.
PLFA circuits.
PLFA circuits (load side) don't have OCPDs, but their power sources (supply side) do. You must protect transformers or other devices supplied by power-supply conductors by an OCPD rated not greater than 20A. A PLFA power source must be one of the following:
A listed PLFA or Class 3 transformer.
A listed PLFA or Class 3 power supply.
Other power-limited fire alarm equipment listed for use.
While you don't need to mark NPLFA circuits as such, 760.42 requires you to label PLFA circuits with durable and plainly visible markings on the equipment to indicate each circuit that's PLFA.
For PLFA circuits, you can use the same wiring methods already discussed for NPLFA circuits (760.52) (Fig. 4 above). As you might expect, exceptions apply. For example, the derating factors given in 310.15(B)(2)(a) don't apply to PLFA conductors.
If you need to install PLFA circuits inside the same raceway or cable with power or Class 1 circuits, you can reclassify PLFA circuits. To do so, remove the PLFA marking on the equipment, provide OCPDs per 760.23, and ensure the conductors have insulation suitable for 600V. You may not install PLFA circuits reclassified as NPLFA circuits with other PLFA circuits not reclassified as NPLFA.
Separation is an important concept for PLFA circuits. Per 760.55, you can't place PLFA conductors in any enclosure, raceway, or cable with conductors of electric light, power, Class 1 NPLFA circuits, or medium power network-powered broadband communications cables (non-power-limited energy circuits). You can mix PLFA conductors with non-power-limited energy conductors if the non-power-limited energy circuit conductors are introduced solely to connect to the equipment and comply with either of the following two points:
You maintain at least .25 in. of separation from the PLFA conductors.
The non-power-limited energy circuit conductors operate at 150V or less to ground and the PLFA conductors are installed as NPLFA circuits per 760.25 (760.52 Exception No. 3).
Art. 760 lays out rules for ensuring that fire alarm system wiring lasts long enough for occupants to escape a fire. You need to understand the general requirements in Part I, no matter what kind of system you install. If the system is power-limited, follow the requirements of Part II. If the system isn't power-limited, follow the more detailed requirements of Part III. And remember, your work with fire alarm systems does more than satisfy an insurance company requirement.
Still confused by the Code? For additional information on Code-related topics please visit www.mikeholt.com or send an e-mail directly to the author at [email protected].


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Bring a touch of the tropics to your cake creation with an arrangement of delicate sugar blossoms, accented by graceful leaves, bamboo stems and fondant pebbles.
Master the delicate shaping and subtle coloring of three elegant orchids with the guidance of your own gum-paste guru, James Rosselle. James shares his devotion to lifelike beauty as he walks you through the deconstruction of a real orchid and the creation of its sugar-art counterpart, from cutting and ruffling the petals and forming the center, to assembly and adding natural hues. You can jump directly to the individual lessons for creating the Cattleya orchid, the Dendrobium or the Cymbidium, or choose to make all three! Use the skills acquired with one flower to master the subtleties of the others, then see how you can combine them to create a show-stopping floral topper. Three bonus lessons included with your class cover looped leaves, bamboo stems and marbled pebbles.
If you're not delighted with your Bluprint experience, we'll make it right or give you a full refund.

subset: commoncrawl


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Walsall v Scunthorpe preview
Team news ahead of Tuesday night's League One clash between Walsall and Scunthorpe at Banks's Stadium.
Last Updated: 05/11/12 5:51pm
Team news ahead of Tuesday night's League One clash between Walsall and Scunthorpe at Banks's Stadium.
Walsall will be without Florent Cuvelier while Febian Brandy and Andy Taylor are both huge doubts.
Star midfielder Cuvelier remains sidelined with the hamstring problem that ruled him out of Saturday's 1-1 FA Cup draw at Lincoln.
Forward Brandy (knock) and full-back Taylor (hamstring) also missed the tie and both are highly unlikely to feature against the Iron, who will be looking to bounce back from a 4-0 cup defeat at League Two Gillingham in Brian Laws' first game in charge.
Manager Dean Smith could opt to name an unchanged side while the likes of James Baxendale, Richard Taundry and Paul Downing provide one or two options.
After a promising start to the campaign the Saddlers are now winless in eight matches stretching back to late September.
Scunthorpe's new loan signing Steve Mildenhall is set to make his debut at Walsall in manager Brian Laws' first league game back in charge.
Laws, back at Glanford Park for a third spell as manager, signed Mildenhall on a month's loan from Millwall and he is expected to replace Sam Slocombe in goal.
But defender David Mirfin is doubtful after being forced out of Saturday's FA Cup defeat at Gillingham after twisting his leg in an awkward fall. Niall Canavan or Callum Kennedy could come into contention if Mirfin fails to make it.
Leading goalscorer Leon Clarke and midfielder David Prutton are expected to return to the starting line-up after being refused permission to play at the weekend by parent clubs Charlton and Sheffield Wednesday respectively.
Midfielder Damien Mozika, who made his first appearance of the season on Saturday following a long-term ankle injury, is expected to start on the bench again as the Iron chase their first win in eight league matches.


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Email4Life is a free email forwarding service available to all Chicago Booth alumni. Once you graduate, you can keep receiving messages to your Chicago Booth email address through Gmail.
You only need to setup your email forwarding service once. Provide the email address you want to forward your Booth emails to and we will automatically set up the forwarding service for you.
Chicago Booth made using Email4Life even easier by removing the requirement to periodically reset your password. Starting June 2012, users can keep their current password - no need to reset it* and no more expiration notices.
Assistance is available online for a forgotten password » If you have any problems, please contact Booth IT at email@example.com.
If you recently received a password expiration email you may disregard the notice. No action is required on your part.
If you ever believe your account has been compromised, you should reset your password immediately.
Helpful Tip: Choose a different password for each of your accounts. This will help protect your information if one of your accounts is compromised.
Starting June 1, 2012, Chicago Booth was required to stop using the ChicagoGSB.edu email domain by Educause - an organization that regulates higher education internet domain names. The ChicagoGSB.edu email domain is no longer associated with Chicago Booth and has been permanently deactivated.
Under Educause rules, all higher education institutions - including Chicago Booth - are permitted only one domain name, unlike commercial internet domains like .com or .net. Read more about the higher education domain regulations »
If you already set up your email forwarding service and were using your ChicagoGSB.edu email, you don't need to change anything. Chicago Booth has already setup a new email forwarder @ChicagoBooth.edu.
For instance, if your email is email@example.com, your new email forwarder will be email@example.com.
Helpful Steps
If you had been using your @ChicagoGSB.edu email to send and receive messages, you will need to update your Gmail account settings to keep sending emails from your @ChicagoBooth.edu account.
Get instructions on how to send emails from your Chicago Booth account through Gmail » (PDF)
If you are using an email address that ends in @gsb.uchicago.edu, your email address was not affected by this change.
For technical questions about your Email4Life account, please contact:
Tel. 773.702.7414
For general questions about the changes to your email domain, please contact:
Alumni Affairs and Development
Tel. 866.557.1806
Heather Brilliant, '05, has been appointed president and CEO of Diamond Hill Investment Group, an independent investment management firm based in Columbus, Ohio.
Surterra Wellness, a health and wellness company headquartered in Atlanta, has appointed Fareed Khan, '93, as CFO.
Crain's Chicago Business has included Felicia Nicole Rauls, '14, in its Notable Women in Finance list. Rauls is senior vice president and director of operations at Mesirow Financials in Chicago.
Robert Rothman, '77, has been appointed to the national board of advisors at Moffitt Cancer Center, a comprehensive cancer care center based in Tampa, Florida.
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These could be elite items...
Wand of Unlimited Fury: Mana burn and double attack (Consumable)
Rod of Spellburst: Mana burn, deals 1 damage per level per mp to target. (Consumable)
Shockwave Scepter: Stuns all monsters slowing them and reducing their resistances to 0. (Consumable)
Not just wands, scepters and rods too!


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Dear Lifehacker,
I'm finally setting up a budget, and while budgeting regular expenses like bills is easy, I'm having trouble with food. I know in general what I spend every month on groceries, but it also varies. Unlike my cable bill, which I can easily compare to other services to determine if I'm overspending, it's hard to tell if I'm spending too much on food. Is there a magic formula for creating a more accurate grocery budget? How much should I really be spending on food?
Rookie Budgeter
Dear Rookie,
Figuring out what to put on the line next to "food" in your budget can be really tricky, because although food is a necessity, how much you spend is up to you—there's really no right or wrong number. That said, you do have to create a budget if you want to make the most of your money. Thankfully, there's a lot of data we can use to figure out where you stand on your food spending and, more importantly, track your spending so you can find what's the right budget amount for you. Here we go:
Find The Right Percent for Food in Your Overall Budget
When you first set up your budget, start out by adding your fixed, necessary expenses and your savings goals (pay yourself first!). Then see how much you can allocate to variable and discretionary expenses. Food will fall into that category, and obviously shouldn't exceed your remaining budget for variable expenses.
Overall, Americans spend 9-12% of our income on food (this is actually less than any other country spends, as a percentage of income). Whether or not this is how much we should be spending on food is debatable, but at least one source (CNBC) recommends budgeting 14% of your monthly take home income to food. Crown, the developers of the popular mVelopes budgeting tool, recommends even less: a 9% allocation for food.
If you just want a quick answer to your question, take a look at your past food spending. What percent of your take home income goes to groceries, eating out, and take out? If food is within 9% to 14% of your income, you're spending just like the rest of us on food. If you're spending more or less than that, it might not mean anything, because everyone's situation is different, but you might want to look at your other spending categories to see if there's some imbalance.
If you want to fine-tune your plan or compare your spending to some actual food budget numbers, let's continue...
Compare Your Food Spending to Others in Your Area with Bundle.com and The USDA
Mother Jones and Bundle.com recently came out with a neat calculator that compares—coincidentally enough—how your food budget stacks up to others in the biggest 100 US cities. The Bundle data uses Citigroup credit card information. Enter in your age, gender, city, annual income, spending style, groceries, alcohol spending, and dining-out spending—all are optional fields—and the calculator will compare your data against food spending trends in the US, as well as the USDA's food plans (The USDA food plans are the basis of the supplemental nutrition assistance program, formerly the food stamp program. These food plans are what the USDA estimates are the cost of food for thrift, low-cost, moderate-cost, and liberal levels. You'd be surprised, perhaps. The thrifty food budget for a family of 2 under 50 years old is $373.30 a month; the liberal food plan budget is $743.10 for that same 2 person family as of December 2011).
After entering your info, you'll get a lot of charts comparing your spending across demographics, household income, and more.
Here's the link to the food spending calculator so you can compare your food budget. You can use it to see if you're way over others' food spending or if your budget is similar. (There's also an interesting spreadsheet ranking cities by average grocery spending and dining out spending, with San Jose at the top at $895 a month average total food and drink spending, although Austin residents spend the most dining out.)
Use Mint to Create a Budget, Track Your Spending, and Compare Spending
You can also use Mint to compare your spending to others in your area. When you link your credit card(s) to the service, Mint categorizes transactions for you and you can create your budget in Mint as well. In the trends section, click the compare drop-down to compare by city, state, or against the whole US.
Your spending in one food category may be higher than others' around you but lower in another category. New York city-slickers, for example, spend much more on restaurants than I do, while here in the suburbs I spend more on groceries. Mint's comparison doesn't break down by household type or income level or anything like that, though.
In the end, comparing your budget to others' can give you a rough idea if your spending is way out of line, but it's more important to use tools like these to track and fine-tune your food budget, based on what you can afford and how much you have in your budget for everything else.
The nice thing about the food budget is that it's flexible—you can use lots of cost-cutting strategies, like buying groceries less often, shopping online, and using coupons wisely. And you can enjoy great food even on a tight budget.
P.S. How did you decide on your grocery budget?
Have a question or suggestion for Ask Lifehacker? Send it to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Photo by Timothy R. Nichols (Shutterstock)


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Purchasing Oakville homes for sale you will be conveniently located just 30 minutes from downtown Toronto. Oakville residents can also enjoy events within they city such as the Oakville's annual Waterfront Festival and Jazz Festival. If the outdoors are where you enjoy your free time, than you will love Oakville's various gorgeous recreational parks and gold courses including the PGA-recognized Glen Abbey Golf Course, home of the Canadian Open. Art lovers can enjoy the Oakville Centre of Performing Arts and Erchless Estate Museum and various galleries throughout the city. Located right along the lake, Oakville homes for sale offer some beautiful, one of a kind lakeside luxury homes for sale that you do not want to miss. The south side of residents can enjoy the lake just minutes away. These homes offer a cottage feel and lifestyle at your own home all year round. Unlike at the cottage though houses for sale in Oakville are surrounded in a mature and established city with everything you need from great entertainment, theatres, large shopping malls like Oakville Place Mall, and of course the long and busy Lakeshore Rd with great small shops for all of your goods and services or just a nice place to take a stroll and enjoy the neighbourhood.


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Undergraduate Degrees, Majors and Concentrations
NURS3070 - Health Promotion & Assessment
Summer 2019
This course presents the knowledge base for using health promotion strategies and health assessment techniques with individuals across the life span from various cultural and ethnic backgrounds. The role of the nurse in promoting patterns of positive health behaviors is emphasized. The student is also provided with an opportunity to practice physical assessment skills in the laboratory and in a precepted clinical setting.
Prerequisite: Admission to RN Completion Track
3 Credits
Schedule Book for All Active and Available Future Terms, Course starting with NURS3070
No Courses Found


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Tonight's Lineup
Rollins, ss; Victorino, cf; Utley, 2b; Howard, 1b; Burrell, lf; Werth, rf; Feliz, 3b; Ruiz, c; Happ, p.
Hard to believe this team has been shut out six times this year when it happened only three times a year ago.
When we woke up on this date a year ago, we were in third place, 4.5 games out of first with a 44-44 record. We're still in first place (48-43). And, we will hit. Book it!
Burrell Update
Latest results this afternoon have Pat still trailing Corey Hart and David Wright. Each has garnered over 4 million votes.
Voting efforts continue:
**University of Miami Alumni Relations Department is participating an in e-mail campaign to vote for Pat, a baseball legend at that university.
**Voting stations have been set up in Citizens Bank Park so fans can vote during games.
**Philadelphia Free Library has done an e-mail blitz with their membership.
**Vote for Pat T-Shirts were sent to members of the media.
**The WIP Marathon voting in the upper level of Harry the K's continues around the clock until tomorrow's deadline.
Online voting on phillies.com ends at 5 o'clock tomorrow afternoon:
Burrell Backers
"He's the most deserving among the group of National Leaguers on the Final Vote ballot," Jayson Stark, ESPN.com.
"Here's the case for Pat to be elected….he's the only player in the league's top 10 in slugging percentage not already on the roster," Paul White, USA Today.
"Pat is the most notable omission on the team," Buster Olney, ESPN.com.
Ken Rosenthal had Pat starting in his NL Star squad during his in-game comments on FOX's Saturday telecast. Rosenthal is the Senior Baseball Writer for FOXSports.com and a member of the FOX Saturday broadcasting team.
Celebrity City
Phillies Alumni Dick Allen and Jay Johnstone were at Citizens Bank Park last night. There teammates not only with the Phillies (1975-76) but the White Sox (1972).
Jay told a story about him during the 1976 season that had Dick in stitches. "We had clinched the division and Danny (Ozark, manager) told us that we should go for individual goals now that we have won the division. I was battling for the league lead in doubles and a 'stretched' a triple into a double. The next day Danny called a team meeting to chew me out for not hustling to third. I was late that day and wasn't even in the clubhouse during Danny's tirade."
Tomorrow, actress Alyssa Milano will be here to promote her licensed women's fashion collection called "Touch". Alyssa is a big-time Dodgers fan and has a blog on Dodgers.com, "touch 'em all."


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With recent news about our organization, there has never been a greater need for clarity in our communications with the tri-state.
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Black Pro-Life groups protested the NAACP Image Awards this past Friday, February 1, 2013 to object to the NAACP's cozy relationship with Planned Parenthood and their stance on homosexual marriage.
Although the LAPD was called out to the site, no arrests were made; the protest was notable and effective, garnering the attention of attendees of the event. Both sides conducted themselves with civility.
Black groups kept their word and soundly protested the NAACP Image Awards which included distributing material to people passing by; material that included literature on Tonya Reeves who died after Planned Parenthood waited 5 hours before calling an ambulance after ripping a hole in her uterus. People also were shocked seeing a brochure called "Safe and Legal." They were so interested that the groups ran out of material to hand out.
Protesters carried signs, handmade and professionally made, using the word "betrayal" referring to the NAACP's relationship to Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood places about 80 percent of their abortion facilities in minority neighborhoods claiming to do it to provide affordable healthcare to women of lesser means. Abortion is not healthcare! The result is that approximately 18 million blacks have been aborted. That's about 1/3 of all abortions while Blacks only make up 12 percent of the population.
The protesters even carried signs requesting that Twitter turn their account back on which was suspending for criticizing the NAACP.
Celebrities were not excluded in the outreach effort. The community organizers sent protesters to the celebrity entrance where celebrities were challenged to demand justice of Tonya Reeves while the NAACP is being silent.
Apparently the NAACP took notice as they broke away from their schedule when the early comers starting lining up. Instead of opening doors as planned at 3:00 pm, they opened them at 2:00 pm, an hour earlier. I guess they didn't want attendees to hear what the protesters had to say.
"We are fired up and won't back down. We pray that the NAACP will take further notice of the protest and start to represent those they were created to represent instead of turning their backs on them and getting into bed with the organization that's killing their people," said the organizers.


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Performance upgrade to the Model S
Performance upgrade to the Model S
I checked with rep and he said it's only for track racing intentions and no word on price, date or if you can upgrade after delivery.
McLaren is a very well-balanced car on a track, a bit dull but solid and easy to drive. Turbo adds some lag and the doors are stupid.
If tesla makes S corner like mp4 though, I'm definitely in, there will be no lag on S, but it will need to lose some weight or/and get more power.
I suggest a counteweight just above the battery that moves in the direction of a turn, keeping the COG even more centered. <8-0
sergiyz . Keeping in mind the "S" is a luxury-Premium car that affords speed, vg handling, quiet, and comfort. One of my fondest racing memories was attending the 1970 Trans Am race at Laguna Seca. Parnelli Jones won in his Boss Mustang. Parnelli left the track driving a Lincoln…drinking a beer (Oly). Track car/street car. My suggestion. Buy your performance "S" and spend $50K on a pre-owned Ariel Atom and rip your cheeks off on track days.
I understand Elon Musk's Black-Performance-Sig has some chassis-handling upgrades that are not yet available. My point is, this may not be an ideal test car to lend to every journalist who wants to write a review. To journalists, the "S" is un-obtainium. On the other hand, in the performance-muscle car era, Jim Wanger always had Royal Pontiac tweak the GTOs that magazines evaluated. Royal's blueprinted and specially tuned GTOs always outperformed factory spec. car. I guess it is all about selling the sizzle.
Yeah, ideally one would have a special car for every occasion, but my garage is not large enough for that just yet ;)
Atoms are really hard to find used, a new one is $52k bare bones and almost twice that with options (like breaks that work).
You can get several good two-seaters for this amount.
I had a vette that I drove every day and was also taking to Laguna Seca for open track days, and to autoX events.
Porsche Cayman is another great option, and you can drive it every day and everywhere.
I needed a 4-seater though.
Besides, I've spent about 3 days this year on a track vs trying to beat the traffic or standing still in it the rest of the time.
If nothing else, a carpool sticker on Tesla S should improve my commute a lot, and it's still a drivers car.
I want it to be like an M5 or a Jag XFR, since it's in that price range (actually about $5k-15k more).
Acceleration-wise it's there, cornering - not so much.
Elon is a perfectionist though, so it will happen.


text: With its 2.3 cubic foot firebox, the Osburn 2000 Wood Stove Insert offers an alternative to the people who love its freestanding counterpart. This unit features high quality combustion properties and comes with a standard high-power, heat-activated 130-CFM fan strategically positioned to redistribute the heat from the firebox into the room. This model is designed to receive an optional faceplate that can cover a masonry hearth up to 32" high and 50" wide. You can also choose the color of your door to match your room decor.


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John Keegan needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 58 designs submitted by 28 freelance designers.
Logo for free hosting service for "wed blogs" or wedding blogs...
Looking for a logo for a blogging service we are launching called
"WedBlog" which stands for "Wedding Blog". We want to see the words
"WedBlog" in the logo, and perhaps a "retro" or 1950s illustration
look, maybe a font like this http://www.fontdiner.com/rocket.sit would
be good.
A man and a woman and their rings, with a 1950s retro look would be one approach we would like to see...
- Vibrant color
- Maybe a 50s retro feel?
- Her diamond ring!
- No strong "don't wants"
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Insurance Sales Concepts
The sales concept packages developed by Manulife's Tax & Estate Planning Group help you customize tax and estate planning solutions for your affluent and business clients.
Each SALES CONCEPT addresses a specific planning opportunity and provides you with the information, tools and resources you need to provide insurance solutions to your clients and their professional advisors.
Solutions and support you can build on from Advanced Sales (PDF)
CONCEPTually Speaking
Financial Underwriting Guidelines (PDF)
Advanced Sales Custom Concept Checklist for Life Insurance Products (PDF)
Using insurance for your client's corporate planning needs (PDF)
Using insurance for your client's personal planning needs (PDF)
Manulife's sales concepts packages
include some or all of the following support materials:
|Client profile
|...helps you identify ideal candidates for these planning strategies
|Client flyer
|...pre-approach flyers designed to pique your client's interest
|Concept description
|...a schematic look at a concept's benefits
|Tax Topics
|...technical resource articles
|Information guide
|...answers your technical questions about a specific concept
|Fact Finder
|...helps you gather the customized information you need to create an illustration
|Illustration software
|...numerical analysis showing the benefits of the concept, customized to your client's situation
|Consumer guide
|...an informative brochure that captures your clients' signatures to show they understand the important issues regarding a specific concept
|Slide shows
|...presentations that import your client's customized information from the illustration


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Must have completed 8th grade and turn 14 by June 1st. Must not turn 18 before July 31st.
Prerequisite: (1)Students must obtain Divers Alert Network (DAN) insurance or equivalent diving coverage prior to program start date.(2) Ability to pass PADI swim test, including 10 minute float or tread in deep water and un-timed 200 meter/yard continuous surface swim.
Dive into the world beneath the sea with MarineQuest's "deeply" rewarding Dive Hawks program. This week long dive intensive marine science experience will provide serious teen marine enthusiasts with an opportunity to earn their open water dive certification with which they will explore the ocean's amazing aquatic life, beautiful artificial reefs and historical ship wrecks. Learn how SCUBA has changed the way marine scientists study the ocean through underwater research techniques. Explore the careers of an underwater archeologist, media diver, and scientific diver. Familiarize yourself with SCUBA equipment, diving techniques, and dive safety while gaining the skills needed to become a confident diver. Dive Hawks is more than just a way to get SCUBA certified, it is an opportunity to open your eyes to new depths in modern marine science!
Field excursions include:
- NC Aquarium at Fort Fisher, UNCW Center for Marine Science, Stone Tug Wreck, Old Dredge Wreck, snorkel excursion, marsh, and beach
Highlights include:
Opportunity to earn your Open Water Diver Certification (includes three class sessions, two pool sessions, two confined water dives and two ocean dives); Enjoy an amazing 4:1 student to Dive Instructor / Dive Master ratio providing personal attention, increased safety, and training tips; Interaction with professional divers and learn about diving careers; Discussions on local marine life and local invasive species (Lion Fish); beach trips; boat trips
Useful Links:
- Dive Hawks Brochure | PDF
- PADI Medical Statement | PDF
- DAN Insurance
Hannah really enjoyed the program and is definitely "hooked" on diving. I think you can count on seeing her back next year for one of your other scuba programs... Dive Hawks is a wonderful opportunity and was truly the highlight of Hannah's summer! -Karen S, parent
Program Dates and Tuition
Day of Week:
Sunday - Friday
Friday pick up/final presentation at 12:30 p.m.
Staff / Student Ratio:
SCUBA Ratio:
UNCW Campus
Summer 2019 Dates:
June 9 - 14
June 23 - 28
June 30 - July 5
July 7 - 12
July 28 - August 2
Residential Tuition:
* Tuition will include scuba equipment rental, wetsuit rental and all dives fees.
** Students will be responsible for bringing mask, snorkel and fins (may be purchased at program for a discounted rate through local dive shop)
Program Application & Registration
You must register by 5:00 p.m. the Wednesday before your program is to begin.
Before completing your application, please review the Cancellation Policy | PDF and the expected MarineQuest Student Code of Conduct | PDF.
To complete the teacher recommendation, please have your teacher click here to submit their recommendation.
Please Note: A completed application does not register you for your program. All applications will first be reviewed by the MarineQuest Staff and upon acceptance, you will receive an e-mail explaining the next step in the registration process.
Residential Information
MarineQuest Airline Information | PDF
The MarineQuest staff is more than happy to pick-up and drop-off students at Wilmington International Airport at no cost. An airline request form is required (see above link for more details).
Residential FAQ's
- Linens are provided - DO NOT bring sheets, pillows, and blankets.
- Laundry facilities are available at no cost - bring detergent
- No electronic equipment (including cell phones) is allowed.
- You will receive a Welcome Packet with detailed information on what to bring after registering.
Still have questions? Check out our FAQ page.
• Note that prices, content, dates, and times are subject to change without notice.
• Questions? Call 910.962.2640 or send an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com.
• Website and program content © UNCW MarineQuest


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Studying for Fiber Optics Installer certification from Electronics Technicians Association? You'll need three things: a little luck, a lot of coffee, and a copy of Fiber Optics Installer and Technician Guide by Bill Woodward and Emile Husson. This 450-page exam prep guide covers everything from power gains to bending losses, and an interactive CD-ROM of sample questions gives you a preview of the real exam. Get the book, and then worry about the java and rabbit's foot.
Want to test your fiber optic know-how? Put away your notes and take this quiz.
A 50% reduction in signal strength is a loss of _____.
A. 3 dB
B. 3 dBm
C. 7 dB
D. 7 dBm
Fiber optic cable should always be pulled by the _____.
A. jacket
B. buffer
C. coating
D. strength member
A _____ splice doesn't produce a back reflection on the OTDR trace.
A. fusion
B. epoxy
C. mechanical
D. cured
(See answers below)
Answers: 1. A, 2. D, 3. A


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75x150 cm - 29 1/2"x59"
9.5 mm
V1 Light
Conforme alla norma EN 14411 Appendice G gruppo BIa Group: BIa (G)
Length and width ±0.3% ±1.0mm
Thickness ±5.0% ±0.5mm
Straightness of sides ±0.3% ±0.8mm
Rectangularity ±0.3% ±1.5mm
Surface flatness ±0.3% ±1.5mm
Water absorption level ≤0.1%
Breaking strength S ≥1500 N
Modulus of Rupture R ≥40 N/mm2
Resistenza all'impatto, espresso come coefficiente di restituzione ≥0.55
Mohs hardness MOHS 5
Resistenza all'abrasione profonda delle piastrelle non smaltate (volume materiale asportato) ≤150mm3
Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient ≤7 1/mk
Thermal shock resistance Resistant
Expansion due to humidity ≤0.01% (0.1mm/m)
Frost resistance Resiste
Bond Strength ≥1.0 N/mm2 (Class C2 - EN 12004)
Reaction to fire A1 - A1fl
Resistance to household chemicals and swimming pool salts A
Resistance to low concentrations of acids and alkalis LA
Resistance to high concentrations of acids and alkalis -
Stain resistance 5
Shod Ramp Test N.C.
Dynamic Coefficent of Friction <0.42Wet
Coefficient of Friction >0.40Asciutto <0.40Bagnato
Pendulum Friction Test -
The glossy polished finish is suitable for residential or low-traffic commercial floors, where no anti-slip performance is required, and for walls.
The glossy polished surface finish, surprisingly brilliant and bright, features slight irregularities. The extraordinary brilliance and the easy cleaning of the surface are the result of in-depth research aimed at guaranteeing its durability over time.
If the product is in direct contact with the outdoors, provide devices for absorbing moisture and dirt to prevent scratches.


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Nations Meet to Discuss Web Rules
The question of who rules the Internet and how is being debated at a 12-day conference in Dubai.
The World Conference on International Telecommunications, which started Monday, aims to draft a new treaty to underpin international telecommunications regulations. The current rules were put in place in 1988. The conference is sponsored by the International Telecommunication Union, the United Nations agency for information and communication technologies.


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Investing in plant research for Australia's future
16 March 2009
The Australian Research Council (ARC) have given a ringing endorsement to the future of fundamental plant research by awarding a $9.8 million renewal of funding to the ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology.
The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, with nodes at the University of Sydney, University of Western Australia and Australian National University, will receive $2.8 million each calendar year to total $9.8 million over a three and a half year period.
This funding resulted from a competitive review process conducted by the ARC beginning in July 2008 amongst eleven ARC Centres of Excellence around the country. The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology is one of only three reviewed centres awarded an extension of such magnitude.
Director of the Centre, Professor Ian Small, based at the University of Western Australia, is delighted with the announcement, which secures the Centre's cutting edge research efforts through to 2013. He congratulated the Centre's staff and students on the high standard of research and community outreach since opening in 2006.
"To see the Centre go through this competitive review process and be one of only three centres nationwide awarded such a substantial funding endorsement from the ARC is wonderful and a true testament to our team efforts to date," said Professor Small.
"It allows us to build on our advances so far and continue to make conceptual advances in plant energy research into the future.
"We aim to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms which underlie a plants ability to control, capture, and use its energy under a range of environmental conditions. This will have a significant impact on the future use of plants as food sources, biofuels or as factories for pharmaceuticals," Professor Small said.
At the University of Sydney, Professor David Day is the Chief Investigator within the ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (and also the Dean of the Faculty of Science).
"The Centre renewal is excellent news for the whole research team across the three locations in Australia. Our plant energy biology research is fundamental research which is uncovering the molecular mechanisms of energy use in plants," said Professor Day.
"This area of research is incredibly important for Australia, as it keeps us at the cutting edge of plant science and the findings of our research have implications for a broad range of plant based industries."
With research nodes in Western Australia, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, Plant Energy Biology has gained respect and visibility across Australia, whilst forging many key relationships in its research activities both nationally and internationally. It has also been recognised for its contribution to educating the next generation of plant scientists with its professional training, school education and community outreach initiatives.
Learn more about the ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology at: www.plantenergy.uwa.edu.au
Contact: Katynna Gill
Phone: 02 9351 6997


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Halo 4 'Crimson' map pack coming December 10 with new mode
343 Industries detailed the upcoming "Crimson" map pack for Halo 4, which includes three new maps and a new game type.
343 Industries keeps rolling along with the cooperative Spartan Ops episodes in Halo 4, but those hungry for a refresh to the competitive multiplayer experience can now mark their calendars for December 10. That's the date that the first of three announced map packs will drop, bringing with it three new arenas and a new game type.
As previously announced, the maps are titled Wreckage, Harvest, and Shatter. Wreckage is a mid-sized asymmetrical map with lots of odd angles and cover. Harvest is a smaller map, ideal for Capture the Flag, with large exterior pathways for vehicles and sniper fire. Shatter takes place in a large mine, mixing outdoor vehicle-rich environments and indoor close-quarters firefights. 343 suggests it's best for the Dominion mode, along with the new game type titled Extraction.
Extraction is a 5v5, objective-based game type that has opposing teams moving to different map positions, placing a beacon, and then protecting the area during the extraction process. A point goes to the team for completing the extraction, or to the opposing team for successfully overtaking it. First to five points wins.
The map pack will be $10 (800 MSP), or can be bought as part of the "War Games" map pass for $24.99. The pass will grant you the other map sets, Majestic and Castle, when they drop in February and April, respectively.
Steve Watts posted a new article, Halo 4 'Crimson' map pack coming December 10 with new mode.
343 Industries detailed the upcoming "Crimson" map pack for Halo 4, which includes three new maps and a new game type.


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Your browser does not support iframes.
Adam and Shannon Peiffer of Belleville, Ill., announce the birth of their son, Luke Josiah Peiffer born Monday, Aug. 8, 2011, at Belleville Memorial Hospital. He weighed 5 pounds 9 ounces and was 19 inches long.
Grandparents are Steve and Reba Pollard, Campbellsburg; Ron and Peggy Zearing, Lexington, Ind.; Nancy Peiffer, Belleville and Ernie and Jane Peiffer, Prairie Du Rocher, Ill.
Great-grandparents are David and Shirley Watson, La Grange, and Ernie Peiffer, Millstadt, Ill.
Hayden and Samantha Estes would like to announce the engagement and forthcoming marriage of their parents, Bobbie Morel and Devon Estes.
The bride-elect is the daughter of Stephanie Deckard, Defoe and Robert Morel, Louisville.
The groom is the son of Mark and Nancy Estes, Eminence.
The wedding will take place at 1 p.m., Oct. 22, 2011, at the Bagdad Ruritan Club in Bagdad. A reception will follow. All friends and family are invited to attend.
Jeremy and Lacie Booher announce the birth of their son, Landon Tyler Booher, born June 14, 2011, at Suburban Hospital in Louisville. He weighed 8 pounds 14 ounces and was 20 inches long.
Grandparents are Lawrence and Diane Rabourn and Dewayne and Leisa Booher, all of Pendleton.
Great-grandparents are Darrell and Barbara Kemper; Bobby and Sarah Rabourn; Carol and Sam Booher and Bill and Judy Masters.
Brooklyn LeeAnn Mays announces the birth of her sister, Brennan Rilee Mays born Wednesday, June 1, 2011, at Baptist Hospital Northeast. She weighed 8 pounds and 5 ounces and was 20 ½ inches long.
Parents are Sonny and Mary Mays of Pendleton.
Grandparents are Jerry and Kim Floyd and Victoria Wade, all of La Grange. Nelson and Joyce Mayse, Pendleton and Mark Mays, Sulphur.
Great grandmother is Betty Hogan of Beattyville.
Raygan and Casey Baxter of Port Royal announce the birth of their son, Luke Carter Baxter, born May 23, 2011, at Baptist East Hospital in Louisville. He weighed 8 pounds 8 ounces and was 19 ½ inches long.
Grandparents are Billy and Connie Rearden, Bethlehem; Barry and Kathy Baxter, Lacie; David and Tabitha Perry, Owenton.
Great-grandparents are Marrietta Catherine Owens, Lockport and the late Marvin Owens; Betty Baxter, Port Royal and the late Everett Baxter; Samuel Perry, LaGrange and the late Carrie Lee Perry.
Chris and Leslie Anne Bruther announce the birth of their son, William David Bruther, born April 27, 2011, at Baptist Hospital East in Louisville. He weighed 8 pounds 10 ounces and was 20 inches long.
Grandparents are David and Linda Young, New Castle; Danny Bruther, Eminence, and Tom and Joy James, Bethlehem.
David and Erin Orr of Smithfield announce the birth of their daughter, Campbell Adair Orr born June 10, 2011 at Baptist Hospital East. She weighed 8 pounds 11 ounces and was 21 inches long.
Grandparents are Dan and Theresa Bickers and Chet and Cathy Lawrence all of Campbellsburg; and Earl and Shirley Orr, Smithfield.
Great-grandmother is Ruth Klingenfus.
Michael and Falena Perry, West Virginia, announce the birth of their son, Ezekiel Andrew Perry, born April 23, 2011. He weighed 8 pounds 13 ounces and was 21 inches long.
He has one sibling, Maxwell Benjamin.
Grandparents are Harry and Denise Perry, Port Royal; Cathy Osborne, Mt. Vernon; Larry and Vicki Osborne, Bowling Green.
Great-grandparents are Harold and Edna Tipton, Port Royal; Lena McHargue, Mt. Washington; Faye Brinegar, Mt. Sterling.
Ben and Cassie White of Defoe announce the birth of their son, Benjamin Gordon "Bennie" White, born Friday, May 6, 2011, at Baptist East Hospital. He weighed 8 pounds 4 ounces and was 21 inches long.
Grandparents are Eddie and Judy Gordon, Eminence; Bob and Connie Rawlins, Smithfield; and Steve and Debbie White, Campbellsburg.
Great-grandmother is Joyce White of Louisville.
Casey and Nikki (Holland) Crosser of Henry, Tenn., announce the birth of their son, Eli Alexander Crosser, born February 24, 2011, at Henry County Medical Center in Paris, Tenn. He weighed 8 pounds and 1.2 ounces.
He has two siblings, Serenity Anne and Cadence Nicole.
Grandparents are Debbie and Darrell Howard, Owenton; Jay Holland, Eminence; Sammy and Carolyn Baker, Henry, Tenn.; and the late Joe Edward Crosser.
Great-grandparents are Don and Florence Cook and Delbert and Charlotte Howard, all of Owenton and the late Anne and Avery Holland.
Copyright © 2019
The Henry County Local is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Eminence, KY and the surrounding area.


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Document Actions
Graduate Awards
The following awards are offered to graduate chemistry and biochemistry students.
Gertrude Elion Scholarship: For women scientists who wish to pursue a graduate degree at Hunter College. Prefer scholars who have completed all or a significant part of their undergraduate degree at Hunter, or an outstanding applicant who has completed their undergraduate training either at Hunter or elsewhere. Both scholars will study with faculty in the Hunter College Chemistry department in either the Chemistry or Biochemistry Ph.D. program.
Helen S. Schectman Award: Given to a first year graduate student based on merit.
Rose K. Rose Award: Given to a female graduate student in Chemistry who demonstrates excellence as a teaching assistant.
Excellence in Teaching: Department award for excellence in teaching.


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When Robert Griffin III was asked last month by NFL.com's Albert Breer if he'd be healthy for the start of training camp, the Washington Redskins quarterback confidently replied, "Without a doubt."
|Check out the best photos of RG3.
So far, the signs are good. His long speed is back, he's cutting again and Griffin even walks without any sign of a limp when the brace is removed from his surgically repaired knee. Still, Chris Russell of ESPN Radio in Washington tweeted Saturday that the Redskins have yet to set a time or date to clear their starting passer, according to a source "very involved on the medical side."
The source did acknowledge that whatever test the team's medical staff puts before Griffin, "he completely smashes it." According to the source, the Redskins are "astonished" by his progress.
In late June, backup quarterback Kirk Cousins told NFL Network's "NFL AM" that RGIII "looked awesome" at the tail end of spring practices.
"I'm not just saying that," Cousins said. "Obviously, he is a bit of a freak in terms of his athleticism, but he's healed very quickly."
Below a waterfall of glowing reports, it's hard to imagine Griffin not under center come Week 1. By the sound of it, his return to field might be old news by then.
Follow Marc Sessler on Twitter @MarcSesslerNFL.


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Once you are comfortable using Knoppix for your desktop, you might find yourself booting onto the CD more often. While you can create persistent settings and a portable home directory to mount, at some point you might decide you would like to use Knoppix full-time by installing it to your hard drive.
The Debian GNU/Linux distribution, on which Knoppix is based, is becoming much more popular, but the Debian installer can be daunting even for the experienced Linux user. Some of the more complicated parts of the install ask questions that the new Debian user might not know the answers to. Knoppix handles all of the hardware and network configuration for you and comes with a great selection of applications, so it wasn't long before people began asking for a way to install Knoppix on their hard drives. As Knoppix's harddrive installer has progressed, it has become known as the quickest and easiest way to obtain a Debian testing/unstable installation.
The Debian distribution has three main branches that are used to ensure high security and stability on one end, and rapid inclusion of new programs and updates on the other. These branches are:
The Debian stable branch contains packages that have been rigorously tested with the other packages in the branch over a long period of time and is considered incredibly stable.
The Debian testing branch is a blend of the stable and unstable branches, and it consists of packages from the unstable branch that have been shown to be stable for some time. Once the packages in testing have been tested enough, Debian will declare the testing branch the new stable branch.
The Debian unstable branch contains newer packages in a more rapid state of flux that have only been moderately tested to work well together.
Some people mistakenly believe that the packages within the unstable branch are buggy. While packaging bugs and instability are more common in the unstable branch than in testing or stable branches, the packages in the unstable branch still undergo a fair amount of testing before release, particularly for large, popular packages such as desktop environments and X. It is commonly held that the packages in the unstable branch are as good as any you would find in other Linux distributions, if not more so.
You often hear Debian branches referred to as Etch, Lenny, and Sid. These nicknames refer to the stable, testing, and unstable branches, but change with each Debian release. For example, Etch is the name for the Debian 4.0 release. For as long as Debian is at 4.0, Etch will also be synonymous with the stable branch. However, with the next Debian release, Lenny (the current nickname for the testing release) will be declared stable, and will then become the nickname of the new stable branch. A new name will then be assigned to the testing branch. The advantages to this distinction are that you can choose to follow either a group of packages such as Lenny, which means you will eventually be running the stable release, or you can choose to follow a branch by its name. If you are using the testing branch, you can continue to use the testing branch even when the Lenny packages become stable.
The exception to this naming rule is the unstable branch. It will always have the nickname of Sid (after the boy in the movie Toy Story who broke all of the toys), and that name does not move up the list as packages stabilize.
This chapter discusses the state of the current Knoppix hard-drive installer, knoppix-installer, and provides a few installation scenarios that provide a complete guide to installing Knoppix on a single-boot setup and as a dual-boot setup with Windows. As you'll soon see, installing Knoppix is easy even for new Linux users.
Learn the ins and outs of the Knoppix installer before installing.
Knoppix was originally intended to run just from the CD, but early on, users wanted to transfer the system to their hard drives once they discovered how well the CD recognized and worked with their computer. At first, this involved a complicated set of commands run from a shell to copy the CD to the hard drive and set up a boot loader. Eventually, this method was automated with a script that was created by Fabian Franz (http://www.fabian-franz.de) and was recently updated by Martin Oehler for the 5.0 release.
The latest version of the hard-drive installer is pretty sophisticated and does much more than just copy the CD to the hard drive. Start the installer from the terminal by using:
sudo knoppix-installer
The knoppix-installer script works both in a pure console environment and in X. If you run it from the console, navigate through the options with your keyboard, and hit the spacebar to select options and Enter to confirm them. If you run the script from X, you have a GUI that you can navigate with either a keyboard or a mouse.
Before you even get to the main menu, the installer checks to see that some minimum requirements are met. The first check is for the presence of any Linux partitions (including partitions containing other distributions) that contain enough space to store all of the uncompressed files on the disk plus 18% for overhead. For the CD, this means around 2.4 Gb, and for the DVD, you need around 13 GB. For systems with less than 512 MB of RAM, it also checks for a swap partition of at least 128 MB. If either of these conditions is not met, the installer presents you with the following informational warning and the option to partition the hard disk or quit:
The installer detected that the installation requirements are not fulfilled yet.
Please make sure that you have a free partition with at least 2GB to install Knoppix on.
Also we need a swap partition with at least 128MB if you don't have 512MB or more.
If you really really know what you are doing start with: IGNORE_CHECK=1 sudo knoppix-installer to avoid the menu.
I've noticed a bug in the DVD version of the installer where it only checks that you have enough free space to accept all the files from the /KNOPPIX directory. However, the DVD also has a /KNOPPIX2 directory that it uses but does not add into the free space check. So if you do a DVD install, be sure that you have at least 13 GB of free space.
You intend to install Knoppix, so the only choice is to select the Partition option. In X, qtparted runs, a graphical partitioning program, somewhat similar to Partition Magic, which you can use to create, delete, and resize partitions on your system. If you run the installer from the console, cfdisk launches instead. In either case, the goal is to create partitions to satisfy the installer requirements. Once you finish and close qtparted or cfdisk, the installer checks again for partitions it can use; if it finds them, the main installer menu appears (see Figure 4-1).
The main menu presents you with six options:
Opens a new window that asks you which style of Knoppix install to use and where to install it.
Starts the installation process based on whichever configuration is currently loaded. If no configuration is loaded, it walks you through the configuration just as though you had selected Configure Installation.
Starts qtparted in X or cfdisk in a console so you can partition your hard drive and presents you with the option to partition the hard disk, resize drives, etc., without having to exit the installer.
Loads a configuration you have created beforehand from the home directory, floppies, USB drives, or any mountable storage device; this can be useful if you want to clone installations across multiple machines.
Saves the installation settings currently loaded (either from selecting Configure Installation or Load config) to a file on the home directory or any mountable storage device so you can load it later.
Exits the program without saving any settings.
If you are ready to install Knoppix and are familiar with the configuration options, or you have already configured the installer a previous time (if you configure and then exit the installer, Knoppix remembers the settings that you have chosen), skip right ahead and select Start Installation. If you are new to installing Knoppix on your hard drive, you should probably select Configure Installation so you can see what kind of questions the installer asks before you commit to an install. When you choose Configure Installation, you are presented with a window that asks you to choose from one of the three types of systems:
This is the default method for installing Knoppix to a hard drive. This choice offers a multiuser Debian install without any extra Knoppix hardware-detection scripts. This means that the only cheat codes that still work are those that are actually options passed to the kernel (such as
noapic, noscsi, etc.). Think of this as the beginner option without any of the hardware-detection scripts. Experienced Knoppix users may recognize this as being the same installation method provided by the old Knoppix installer scripts. Choose this option if you want to use Knoppix as an easy way to install a purer form of Debian.
With this option, Knoppix sets up a multiuser Debian system, but also leaves all of the Knoppix hardware-detection scripts behind. You can still use most of the cheat codes at boot time and still have Knoppix run some of its hardware-configuration scripts. This type of installation is a blend of the best features of the other two system types. The downside is that the hardware detection scripts can potentially overwrite any hardware settings you might have made manually the next time the system reboots.
This choice basically creates a copy of the live disk on your hard drive and allows you to boot from it. Just like the disk, this option installs only a single-user system with disabled passwords. Think of this option as running the Knoppix disk only without the disk restriction, so you can permanently install new software or updates, and permanently edit system files. Because passwords are disabled, this system type is potentially less secure than the other two.
Once you choose a system type, the installer shows you a list of potential partitions on which it can install. If you don't want to install on any of these partitions, click Previous until you can choose the Partition option, and then create a new partition.
Once you select a partition, Knoppix asks for personal information, such as your name, your username, your user and root password, and where you want to install the boot loader. You won't necessarily be asked all of these questions. It depends on the system type that you have chosen (for instance, the Knoppix system type uses the knoppix user just like the CD, so it won't ask you for a username). Once you answer all the questions, the configuration is complete and Knoppix drops back to the main menu, and allows you to start the installation with the options you have just configured, or to save the options so you can use them later.
Once you are satisfied with your configuration, click "Start Installation." A report appears and displays the different options that Knoppix can use for the install with a final prompt before proceeding. Once you click Next, Knoppix begins the install process, so be certain everything is configured how you want it.
Make sure that all of your hardware is working before proceeding with the install. If you need special cheat codes for your hardware to work properly, make sure that you use them for this boot, because these are the hardware settings Knoppix uses for the install. This is especially important if you choose the Debian system type, which does not install the Knoppix hardware-detection scripts, because any hardware that isn't working when you install must be configured later without the benefit of Knoppix's scripts. (It is technically possible to reuse Knoppix's configuration scripts in this mode, but it requires a series of complicated steps.)
Now Knoppix formats the partition you chose and starts copying files to it. It does take some time to copy all of the files from the disk to the hard drive (especially with a DVD install), but unlike most other OS installers, you have a full set of applications you can use while the files are copying. Once all the files are copied, you have the option to create a boot floppy for rescue purposes in case the boot loader didn't install properly (or you accidentally delete or break the boot loader later). After the installer is finished, continue to use Knoppix from the disk or reboot into your newly installed Knoppix system. Remember to remove the disk when you reboot, and if everything goes well, you should see a new boot logo.
Ready to take the plunge and use Linux as the sole operating system on your computer? Then you need these instructions to know how to install Knoppix by itself on a computer.
Although it isn't always possible to install Knoppix on its own empty hard drive, it certainly removes a lot of the complications that make installation tricky. These steps guide you through installing Knoppix on a drive that is unpartitioned and brand-new, or that you are willing to commit entirely to Knoppix.
From a terminal window, start the installer by typing:
sudo knoppix-installer
If this is an unpartitioned hard drive, you are prompted to create a root and swap partition for Knoppix. Choose the Partition option from the menu that appears, and it will launch qtparted.
Once qtparted starts, select your hard drive from the list of disks on the left side of the window (/dev/sda for our example). If you have any partitions that you need to delete before you can install Knoppix, select them and click Operations → Delete, then click on the gray free space labeled hda-1 and select Operations → Create.
The Knoppix installer requires that you create a swap partition, so select linux-swap from the Partition Type drop-down menu, and then choose a size for the swap, as shown in Figure 4-2. The current rule of thumb is to pick a swap size, ranging from your amount of RAM to twice that amount, so for a system with 256 MB of RAM, you should choose a swap size between 256 MB and 512 MB. Click OK, and qtparted shows a new swap partition at the beginning of the disk.
To create your root partition, click on the gray free space after the swap partition, and select Operations → Create again. The qtparted program defaults to creating an ext3 partition that spans the rest of the free space. Knoppix also supports installing to ReiserFS partitions. This example is for the Debian system, so click OK to create the partition. After you partition the drive (as shown in Figure 4-3), click File → Commit to save the changes to the disk. Once the changes are saved, close qtparted and the main installer menu should appear.
To start the configuration process, select Configure Installation and click OK. Select the Debian system type, and press Enter or click Next. The installer then asks you to choose the partition on which to install Knoppix. In our example, there is only one partition, so simply click Next.
At this stage of the install, set up user accounts. At the first window, enter your full name. The next window prompts you for a username; the default is your first initial and last name. If that is fine for you, then continue to the next window—otherwise, change the username. You are then asked to enter a password for your user. You can uncheck Hide typing if you're having trouble entering your password twice.
The next window looks like the previous one, but this password is for the root account. The root account is a special account that has the ability to change and delete any file on the system, so choose a good password. You will use this account only when changing system settings, installing packages, or other potentially dangerous things.
Once your accounts are set up, it is time to enter a few system settings. The first setting is the hostname. This is the name your computer goes by on the network. You are asked to accept the default hostname or enter one of your choosing. Next, you choose where to install the boot loader. This is the only operating system on the disk, so choose MBR. This installs the boot loader on the boot sector of the Master Boot Record, the first 512 bytes on any hard drive that contains the boot code and the partition table. Now the configuration is done, and you are ready to install.
To install Knoppix on your hard drive based on this configuration, select Start Installation and click OK. Read over the list of configuration options Knoppix presents you, and make sure everything is configured to your liking. Click Next to start the installation.
Knoppix formats your hard drive and then copies all the files to the system, but you can still play games or run other programs during this process to pass the time.
Once Knoppix is finished copying files, you are prompted to create a boot floppy. Boot floppies are important in case you accidentally delete your Linux kernel or otherwise damage parts of the boot process. Insert a floppy into your drive, and click Yes to create a boot floppy or click No to skip creating it. Once the installer exits, log out and reboot the system. Be sure to remove the disk when it ejects, and at reboot, you should be presented with the boot screen for your brand new Knoppix install.
A lot of people who use Linux also dual-boot their computer to Windows. The two most worrisome parts of such a setup are partitioning the drive and configuring the boot loader. Here's how to install Knoppix in a multiboot setup.
Installing Knoppix in a dual-boot configuration is a bit trickier than a clean install, as it requires you to resize partitions to make room for Knoppix and possibly requires you to configure your boot loader. This hack walks you through a typical Knoppix install that dual-boots with Windows. This walk-through assumes that Knoppix is being installed on a computer with a single IDE hard drive containing a single Windows partition that fills the drive.
As in the single-boot system example ("Install Knoppix as a Single-Boot System" [Install Knoppix as a Single-Boot System]), start the Knoppix installer with the following command:
sudo knoppix-installer
You are prompted to create partitions for Knoppix to install to. The entire hard drive is filled with a single Windows partition, so you have no free space to create a partition. Luckily, you can resize your Windows partition with qtparted, which can resize both FAT32 and NTFS partitions.
Resizing a partition can be risky, and there is always a potential for data loss. Before resizing any partition, defragment the hard drive completely from within Windows; otherwise, a file fragment near the end of the partition might be deleted when the partition is resized. Of course, it is always a good idea to back up any important data.
To resize your hard drive from within qtparted, select /dev/hda from the list of disks on the left side of the qtparted window, then click on the /dev/hda1 partition listed on the right side and select Operations → Resize. In the resizing window that appears, you can decide how much free space to leave after the partition. In my experience, I've needed to create a root partition of 2.2 GB to have enough room for the Knoppix files, and if you install from the DVD, you will need 13 GB. In our example, resize the partition so that 2.5 GB of free space is available, so you have enough room for the 2.2 GB root partition and a swap partition. After you click OK, qtparted displays the free space you have just created in the main window. Now click on the gray free space, and create a swap partition and a 2.2 GB root partition, as covered in [Install Knoppix as a Single-Boot System]. Once you are finished resizing, click File → Commit to actually perform the resizing and partition creation. After you commit the changes, close qtparted to return to the main installer menu.
Depending on the type of system you have, your hard drive might be listed as /dev/sda instead of /dev/hda (this is often the case with SATA drives, for instance). If you only see /dev/sda and don't see /dev/hda, chances are /dev/sda is the drive you want to configure.
The next step is to configure the installation by selecting a username, password, and so on. Once you are finished, click Start Installation to start copying the files to the partition. After this process, you are prompted to create an optional boot floppy, after which the installation is complete.
During the install process, Knoppix attempts to automatically detect any Windows partitions on the drive and will add them to the boot choices in /boot/grub/menu.lst. If you are multibooting with another Linux system, be aware that Knoppix overwrites your boot loader with its version of grub. To fix your menu.lstfile so you can boot both your new Knoppix install and your old Linux install, finish the Knoppix install, then mount the root partition for your new Knoppix install. Then edit the /boot/grub/menu.lst file and update grub,as in "Repair Grub" [Repair Grub]. Restart the computer and remove the disk from the drive, and you should see a new boot prompt with options for booting either Linux or Windows.
If you would like to change the OS from which your system boots by default, boot into your new Knoppix install and edit the /boot/grub/menu.lst file as root, changing the line that reads
default 0 to
default 2 or whatever number your Windows partition is assigned at the bottom of the file. (Keep in mind that grub starts counting from zero, not one.)
You should now be able to boot either into Knoppix or Windows. Just as when booting from the CD, the Knoppix hard-drive install has your Windows partition icons on the desktop, allowing you to access files in the same way you are accustomed to.
Even though Knoppix is based on Debian, and the installation instructions help you install Knoppix on your hard drive, what you have installed is a hybrid Debian system. Here's how to convert a Knoppix install to as close to a standard Debian unstable branch distribution as you can get.
Knoppix is based on the Debian GNU/Linux distribution, but Knoppix uses a unique mix of packages from the stable, testing, and unstable branches, as well as from other unofficial Debian repositories. As a result, even if you select the Debian system install type, you won't get the same system as if you had installed Debian unstable from scratch. There are some steps you can perform, however, to get closer to a Debian unstable system.
The installation process for this system is almost exactly the same as for [Install Knoppix as a Single-Boot System]. Remember, with the Debian system type, Knoppix does not include its hardware-detection scripts in the install, so make sure that you have all of your hardware detected and configured before you start the install. In order to convert the install to Debian, the real work begins after the files have been copied, and you boot into the new system.
Once you boot into your new Knoppix install, you must change your Advanced Package Tool (APT) settings. APT is a management system for software packages. Under Debian, it provides a series of tools to ease installing, removing, and updating packages. The most commonly used APT tool is apt-get, which automates downloading packages and their dependencies for installation. When you tell apt-get to install a package, it finds the newest version of the package from its list of package repositories. Then it checks its local cache of packages, and if it does not have the package you need, it downloads the package and any dependencies directly from the repository. All of the configuration files for APT are located in the /etc/apt directory. The /etc/apt/sources.list file contains a list of all the repositories the APT tool uses to look for packages. The /etc/apt/apt.conf file contains APT settings, such as which Debian branch to use by default.
The first step to convert Knoppix to Debian unstable is to edit /etc/apt/apt.conf as root, changing:
APT::Default-Release "testing";
This setting controls which branch Debian defaults to when installing and upgrading packages. By changing testing to unstable, you tell Debian to upgrade any packages from the testing or stable repositories it might have installed to unstable at the next upgrade, and to default to installing from the unstable branch in the future.
The next step is to update the list of repositories APT uses by editing /etc/ apt/sources.list as root. The default Knoppix sources.list file has sources for stable, testing, unstable, experimental, and a few other repositories. Comment out all of the stable and testing repositories, which ensures that all our installs use the unstable packages. It is up to you if you wish to leave some of the other unofficial repositories in your sources.list. For a pure Debian Sid system, delete all of the lines in your sources.list file, and edit it to look like this:
# Unstable deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free # Unstable Sources deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free
Once you have edited your sources.list, update your system to unstable by running the following command as root:
apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade
This command downloads the latest list of packages from each source in your sources.list file, and then it upgrades the distribution to the very latest versions of each package. This ensures that old packages from stable or testing are replaced with packages from unstable.
As the packages install, you might be prompted that a configuration file for a package has been modified since installation. Chances are that Knoppix modified these configuration files to better suit your system, so it's safe to go with the default and keep the current version of the configuration file. Once this update has completed, your system should be up-to-date with the current Debian unstable.
As a final note, some packages on the Knoppix system come from other unofficial or experimental repositories, so there still might be a few packages on the system that can't be updated in this manner. Packages from the experimental repository, given time and testing, typically find their way into unstable. After using and updating your system, these packages should eventually sync up with unstable. In the case of packages from other sources, you must decide whether to keep these repositories in your sources.list file, so the packages can be updated, or you must decide whether to leave these packages at their installed version by leaving out the repository.
Installing Gentoo can be an overwhelming and uninviting task because you are limited to a shell interface, and the computer is unavailable for tasks during the installation. That is, of course, unless you use the Knoppix CD.
Gentoo is a Linux distribution that aims to create a system that is optimized for your computer. One of the ways it attempts this is by compiling each program from its source code before it installs and providing an automated means to update and install new software by downloading and compiling from the source code. Gentoo provides detailed documentation on how to install the distribution, but even then the installer can be challenging to newcomers. Knoppix makes installing Gentoo a much less painful experience. The Knoppix hardware detection seems to be more robust and is much more successful than the Gentoo system. A Gentoo install involves downloading packages from the Internet, so Knoppix provides you with much better support for your particular NIC. Furthermore, your computer is still fully functional while you compile the base Gentoo system, which provides you with some additional advantages. First, the compilation process for a Gentoo install can take hours, so with Knoppix, you can browse the Web, play games, and get work done while the system compiles in the background. Second, you can browse the Web with a graphical web browser, so if you run into a roadblock in the installation process, you can head straight to the Gentoo forums at http://forums.gentoo.org to ask a question. The installation instructions are also readily accessible (http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml), so there is no need to print them out. The instructions are very thorough and explain not only what each step is, but also why it is necessary.
These two reasons are also true for installing Gentoo from a chrooted environment on an existing Linux install if you didn't want to install via the Knoppix method. Knoppix gives you the advantage of using the entire hard disk for your Gentoo install. If you have only a single hard drive and Linux is already on it, you can't exactly wipe it entirely clean while you are in the middle of using it.
Installing Gentoo from Knoppix requires very few additional steps. First, boot your Knoppix CD with the
noswap cheat code. This cheat code tells Knoppix not to automatically use any existing swap partitions it finds on the hard drive. This saves you extra steps of disabling the swap later if you need to delete the swap partition to create new partitions on your drive for the install. There is no need for a Gentoo Live CD, because the Knoppix CD is replacing it in your setup. When the desktop finishes loading, open a terminal window. At the prompt, type:
su -
This switches the current user to root and reloads the shell configuration. Next, type:
mkdir /mnt/gentoo
While naming the mount point gentoo is not strictly necessary, it does make it easier to follow the install documentation that asks you to mount the root filesystem under /mnt/gentoo. All Knoppix-specific steps have now been completed.
The first page of the Gentoo Installation Handbook has links to each chapter of the install. You are using a Knoppix CD for the install, so the first few chapters only provide information about the install process. You won't actually start performing any of the steps until Chapter 4.
Chapter 1 of the Gentoo Installation Handbook provides an overview of the entire installation process.
Chapter 2 describes the differences between the stages and how to boot the Gentoo CD. When you read Chapter 2, ignore the CD-booting steps, and instead focus on the differences between a Stage 1, Stage 2, and Stage 3 install. Each stage starts you at a different point in the compilation of the base system. The later the stage you choose, the less input you have into how the base system is configured. Which stage you choose is mostly a matter of personal preference and depends on the amount of time you have for this particular install.
Chapter 3 describes some additional steps that you may need if you are using the Gentoo CD, but since you are not, these steps can be safely ignored.
Once you have chosen a stage for the install, you are ready to start the Gentoo install process. First, partition and format your disk, as described in Chapter 4. Then simply follow the rest of the Gentoo Installation Handbook to complete the installation. Remember to retrieve your stage tarball from the Internet, as described in Chapter 5.b.
Now you have all the benefits of having a Gentoo system, such as the excellent portage package manager, but with a much less painful installation. If you enjoy puzzle games, I recommend playing Frozen Bubble while you wait for the system to compile.
—Alex Garbutt
Use the latest Knoppix release to update your current installed Knoppix system.
Knoppix has always been designed to be run directly from the CD. As this chapter has shown, this can present some challenges when you want to install Knoppix to a system and particularly when you want to upgrade it. Recently, Knoppix has added an extra feature to its install tool to make even the upgrade process simpler.
With the Knoppix upgrade feature, all you need to upgrade an old install of Knoppix is the latest Knoppix release. Boot your system from the Knoppix disk and then type:
sudo knoppix-installer
to start the Knoppix installer. The installer will detect your installed Knoppix system, and the very first option you see will be "Update Starts the package updater." Select that and Knoppix will prompt you for which disk to update. Choose the device that corresponds to your root partition (likely /dev/hda1 or /dev/sda1). Knoppix will set up your system behind the scenes to allow it to be updated directly from the CD and then launch the kpackage package management tool. While this program can install RPM and DEB packages as well as manage the packages that are on the system, you won't use these options to update Knoppix; instead, click a special option: Special → Apt:Debian → Upgrade. A new window will appear and run through the full list of software that needs to be updated. You can monitor the progress of the update tool through this window, but for the most part you can sit back and let the tool update the system. The benefit to this method is that you can update directly from the disk and don't have to download packages from the Internet. Plus if you haven't updated your Knoppix since you installed it, this will minimize any trouble with package dependencies.
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Google just one-upped everyone else by adding supremely useful 360 degrees street views to maps. Driving all those Google cars around San Francisco is finally paying off. This changes the game. Wonderful. Test-drive it here. (via TechCrunch)
Google Maps introduces 360 street views
Article No :187 | May 30, 2007 | by Alex Schleifer
November 6, 2009
Nice articles, but I am not creplica handbags
replica bagslear about the point you mentioned about how to distinguish fake and real .
May 30, 2007
Nice…very useful when you're moving to San Francisco in a few weeks :). Can't wait to have a live feed instead of pics (maybe few years from now).


text:
CARACAS (Reuters) - Venezuela's government-controlled parliament set up an inquiry on Wednesday into violence over a disputed election that authorities blame on opposition leader Henrique Capriles.
Nine people died and dozens were injured after opposition protests against Nicolas Maduro's narrow April 14 presidential poll win turned violent around the South American nation.
The government said the unrest was evidence the opposition was planning a coup. Capriles' camp rejects that, saying officials exaggerated the violence and included deaths from common crimes to bolster the toll and discredit the opposition.
"The government is desperately sowing lies," said Capriles, who called supporters onto the streets after the disputed election results, but has since urged only peaceful protests.
"I have a clear conscience ... the people who stole the election want the country to stay divided."
The National Assembly said on Twitter that a special committee would begin meeting on Monday to investigate the violence. "The commission will determine responsibility for violent actions directed by Capriles," it said.
Government legislator Pedro Carreno, who will head the committee that does not include any opposition parliamentarians, called Capriles a "murderer" during Wednesday's announcement.
"Sooner rather than later, he will have to pay for those crimes," Carreno said, describing the death of an 11-year-old girl as the result of "fascism."
Inside Venezuela, reports of the violence have varied, with state media painting an image of pro-opposition mobs burning government offices and health facilities.
Opposition media have quoted relatives of victims saying some of the deaths had nothing to do with the political tensions, and shown images of facilities functioning normally.
In a sustained assault against Capriles from numerous senior officials, National Assembly head Diosdado Cabello called him a "fascist murderer," while Prisons Minister Iris Varela said a jail cell and rehabilitation therapies awaited him.
Capriles, a 40-year-old state governor who promises Brazilian-style pro-business policies mixed with strong social protections, confounded opinion polls to run a close finish against Maduro in the vote to succeed late socialist leader Hugo Chavez.
Despite an initial large gap in the polls, emotion around the death of Chavez who had endorsed him as successor, as well as a powerful state apparatus behind his election campaign, Maduro won by less than 2 percentage points.
Capriles said the ballot was marred by thousands of irregularities, including intimidation of voters at poll centers, and demanded a recount.
The election board is carrying out a partial audit but has said that will not change the result.
Capriles told reporters the opposition would only wait until Thursday for concrete details on the process. "We will not accept a joke audit," he said. "It's time to get serious."
He did not say what would happen if the deadline were not met. Earlier during his news conference, Capriles had sharply criticized a "cadena" broadcast - which all local channels are required to show live - that the government played on Tuesday.
Comparing it with videos of his speeches, the opposition leader said his words had been taken out of context to make it look like he was whipping up violence. Moments later, his press conference was interrupted - by a repeat of the same "cadena."
That triggered a noisy demonstration in at least one wealthier Caracas neighborhood, with Capriles supporters banging pots and pans from windows in a traditional form of protest.
"They want to stop people seeing the truth," he said later.
Both Maduro and Capriles have called on their supporters to march again on May 1 in another potential flashpoint for the OPEC nation of 29 million people.
In 2004, Capriles was jailed for four months after being accused of stirring up violence during a protest at the Cuban embassy two years earlier. He denied the accusation, saying he was mediating there. The case was set aside.
Additional reporting by Diego Ore and Marianna Parraga; Editing by Andrew Cawthorne and Eric Walsh


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