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Steve Bannon Sees #MeToo As An 'Existential Threat' To Trump, Journalist Says
This is FRESH AIR. I'm Terry Gross. When Steve Bannon was forced out of the White House last August, the first phone call he made to the press was to my guest, Joshua Green. Green's best-seller about Bannon and Trump, called, the "Devil's Bargain," had been published just a few weeks earlier. Today it came out in paperback with a new preface. The book also has a new subtitle, "Steve Bannon, Donald Trump, And The Nationalist Uprising." We're going to talk about how and why the alliance between Trump and Bannon ended, how far Bannon was able to get in his goals of deconstructing the administrative state and overturning the Republican establishment, and what power, if any, he has now that he's lost his position as the president's chief strategist and then after returning to Breitbart News was ousted from his position there. Joshua Green is a national correspondent for Bloomberg Businessweek and a CNN political analyst.
Joshua Green, welcome back to FRESH AIR. So why were you the first call that Steve Bannon made after being forced to resign?
JOSHUA GREEN: Well, you know, I'd like to think it was because he thought I'd written a good and fair book, but I think the real reason was that Bannon had a message to deliver. And he knew that because I'd authored this book that had gotten a fair bit of attention that, you know, if he spoke to me and I wrote about it, it would be a message that everybody would read. You know, on the outside, in the White House. It would get back to Trump himself. And Bannon was very intent on being portrayed not as somebody who had failed and then been fired, but as somebody who was launching off on this new crusade to try and help Trump from the outside rather than the inside.
GROSS: OK. But in terms of him calling you, Bannon tried to delay your book from being published. The Washington Post reported that every time you were on CNN, Trump grew unhappy with your references to Steve Bannon as a thinker and a strategist and was upset that the conversation wasn't about Trump himself. (Laughter). So do you think your book in some way contributed to Steve Bannon's firing?
GREEN: Yeah. I think pretty clearly it did. You know, I went through an interesting period in the relationship there with Bannon where, as you mentioned, he twice tried to delay publication of this book because he thought it would be deadly to him. But then the book came out and did very well, and Bannon, for a time, managed to cling to his job. And, you know, I think that his ego really liked the fact that this book had been written that gave him a lot of credit, which I think he deserves, for getting Trump elected president. And so, you know, once he left, I think he was looking to convey the message that he was carrying on that he had a plan, you know, to continue being relevant and kind of fighting this nationalist fight from the White House on the outside.
One of the stories I tell in the new edition of the book is that although Bannon presented this as being something he was doing on Trump's behalf, what he was really trying to do was advance this nationalist movement beyond Trump. And he really saw himself as the leader of this movement, not Trump. And so he knew that if he were going to build a movement that he would need to, you know, explain that in the press, that he would need to, you know, summon armies of supporters the way he'd managed to do for Trump during the primaries and during the general election campaign.
GROSS: Do you think that Bannon thought of running for president or for some other office himself?
GREEN: He very much did, yeah. And this was a fairly tightly held secret amongst some of his advisers for a while. But, you know, Bannon, as he said to me in the book, views himself as the leader of the nationalist movement, not Trump. And so it stood to reason from Bannon's standpoint that if Trump were for whatever reason to decide not to run for re-election in 2020 or if Democrats were to impeach him that, you know, it made a certain kind of sense to Bannon that why wouldn't he be the one to step into the fray, to, you know, carry the mantle of Trump's populist nationalism, or, what Bannon thought was Trump's populist nationalism, and just run himself?
And if you look at what Bannon did after he left the White House, you know, he basically was a presidential candidate. He was flying all over the country delivering speeches, campaigning on behalf of fringe Republican candidates like Roy Moore, the failed Senate candidate in Alabama. And Bannon would get up on stage and give these stem-winding speeches. I was in the audience or backstage for a lot of them, and they were very popular with kind of the Trump base. So I think it made, from Bannon's standpoint, a certain kind of sense that, you know, he could be the guy to step in and inhabit this role if for whatever reason Trump couldn't occupy it going forward.
GROSS: Now that his candidate Roy Moore did not win the Senate seat, do you think Bannon is still considering running for office himself?
GREEN: You know, it's hard to believe at this point after his falling out with Trump, you know, after he was ousted from Breitbart News and lost his Sirius XM radio show, that he could really mount a presidential campaign...
GROSS: Lost his major funder, Rebekah Mercer.
GREEN: And lost his great benefactor Rebekah Mercer, yeah. I mean, it does take a platform and a lot of money to run a successful presidential campaign. But on the other hand, you know, there is a long-established pattern of fringy outsider candidates running for president as a way to get a platform and a venue. And we've seen this in everybody from Michele Bachmann to Herman Cain, you know, Ralph Nader. All of these people ran for president and were rewarded with essentially a megaphone. So it wouldn't be that surprising if Bannon were to decide, you know, the way to have a voice in national politics is to run a presidential campaign. That was the pitch that he'd made to candidates in the past, from Sarah Palin to Jeff Sessions, trying to get them to run on these populist ideas.
One other thing that might be worth mentioning, Bannon had given it enough thought that he'd even war-gamed out a path where he wouldn't have to win the Republican nomination. He'd given some thought to starting a third party, and he'd already picked a name for it, the National Union Party, which he had swiped from Abraham Lincoln. The National Union Party was the temporary name that the Republican Party had given itself in the election of 1864 to try and unify war Democrats and unionists. Bannon, who loves nothing more than dramatic historical precedents, had thought, you know, he could start this party and win over populists on the left and the right. I don't think he got any further than picking a name, but it was clear he had given some thoughts to how he could enter national politics as a candidate himself.
GROSS: So is there anything else you want to tell us about that first phone call after being forced out of the White House, the phone call that Bannon made to you?
GREEN: Well, I think that, you know, this was Bannon's attempt to establish a public narrative that was favorable to him that would create a role for him going forward, the outside agitator on behalf of nationalism, on behalf of Donald Trump. But I think privately - and I described this scene in the book - Bannon was furious at Trump for having pushed him out and initially refused to take Trump's phone calls when Trump called to check in on him. Right after Bannon had left, there had been some concern in the White House and some concern with Trump himself that if he were seen as breaking with Bannon on unhappy terms that it might cost him with his base. You know, Bannon was thought to be the guy who could channel the true Trumpian grassroots folks in the party, and Trump worried about losing Bannon as an ally. And so he'd called to check up on him and, Bannon, in his anger, didn't take the calls, initially, and told associates at the time that he had chosen to leave the White House and that he was sick of Trump. In particular, he said, I'm tired of playing wet nurse to a 71-year-old man.
You know, to me that's striking because it really is the meta story of Trump's presidency. It's what Michael Wolff tried to reveal in his book, that everybody around Trump, even the staunch public defenders like Bannon, are privately frustrated with his inability to focus, to get anything done. I think a lot of people around him think he isn't fit to be president, and most of their energy is spent trying to manage him in a direction that won't be harmful.
GROSS: I think a lot of America is wondering why don't some of those people, or at least one of those people, step forward and say that in public instead of just, like, leaking it, you know, to people 'cause that's a pretty strong statement to make. If you think that the president - if you work with the president and you don't think he's up to the job, do you owe it to the American people to say something?
GREEN: Well, I think you do, but there are a couple of cautionary tales I think prevent people from doing this. If you look at the Senate, there have been a few prominent never-Trump Republicans who have come out and said this very publicly and very clearly - Bob Corker, the Senator from Tennessee, Jeff Flake, the senator from Arizona, who wrote an entire book last fall largely about Trump's unfitness to be president. If you look at what happened to them, they were immediately attacked not just by Trump but by the base of their party, by their own voters.
What has happened is that Republican voters by and large have decided that Trump is their guy, that, you know, despite all the problems he creates, despite his inability to get a lot done, despite the fact that he insults or offends people, countries, racial groups every day, that he is the leader of their party, and they're basically OK with what he does.
There was a Gallup Poll that came out about a week ago that showed that Trump had a 90 percent approval rating among self-identified Republicans. Well, that's not really much different than what you would have seen from, you know, a Mitt Romney when he was running for president in 2012 or, you know, a George W. Bush when he was president.
Republicans have accepted Trump as their leader, and so it's difficult if you want to have influence in politics going forward - and Steve Bannon very much wants to have influence with Trump going forward - it's difficult - it's impossible to do that if you come out and criticize him directly. I think everybody in the White House recognizes that.
And so what you get are, you know, senior aides essentially calling up and sometimes, you know, confessing and unburdening themselves off the record to reporters or, if they're not careful as Steve Bannon did, you know, with me and certainly with Michael Wolff, on the record with reporters. And you can see from Bannon's excommunication last month after Wolff's book came out the cost of doing that sort of thing. You know, you can come out and warn the country, but it's probably going to be the last time you're going to speak with Donald Trump or have any ability to influence him from the inside.
GROSS: I will refresh people's memory about what Trump had to say about Steve Bannon after Michael Wolff's book came out. (Reading) Steve Bannon has nothing to do with me or my presidency. When he was fired, he not only lost his job. He lost his mind. Now that he's on his own, Steve is learning that winning isn't as easy as I make it look. Steve had very little to do with our historic victory, which was delivered by the forgotten men and women of the country, yet Steve had everything to do with the loss of a Senate seat in Alabama held for more than 30 years by Republicans. Steve doesn't represent my base. He's only in it for himself. Steve was rarely in a one-on-one meeting with me and only pretends to have had influence to fool a few people with no access and no clue whom he helped write phony books - which I assume includes you (laughter).
GREEN: Oh, yes, oh, yes
GROSS: Yeah, well, those are harsh words. So do you think they do not speak at all now 'cause people who leave have - I have read people who leave even on bad terms still have something of an open door with Trump. Is that correct? Yeah.
GREEN: Well, and this is why I think personally that the Trump-Bannon relationship is not over by a long stretch. There's a saying in the West Wing. Trump's doghouse has a revolving door. And what that means is that Trump has fired a whole series of former chiefs of staff and campaign managers - people like Corey Lewandowski, his first, Paul Manafort, his second, Reince Priebus, his chief of staff - but then continued to call them and take advice from them once they were on the outside. You know, and often these people kind of cycle back into his life.
So, you know, nobody has been quite as publicly, you know, excoriated and curb-stomped as Steve Bannon (laughter) has been by Donald Trump in that statement - not only in that statement but in getting him fired from Breitbart News and from SiriusXM Radio and essentially robbing him of his platform and his financial benefactor. Now, but having said all that, I could certainly envision a scenario where, you know, flash forward to November, and Republicans get slaughtered in the midterm elections, which is what polls seem to suggest is going to happen.
Well, Trump himself isn't going to take the blame for a defeat. That's not in his character. And he'll look around for someone to blame. And pretty clearly the people he's going to blame are the Republican establishment, people like Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, you know, House Speaker Paul Ryan, who he has cozied up with over the last couple months because they've been able to deliver for him the historic corporate tax cut, you know, and other things. And I think Bannon thinks that if he just waits and bides his time, that Trump will eventually turn on the people close to him now as he tends to do.
And, you know, should that happen, should Democrats win back the House, I think Trump will be very angry, and I think he'll be afraid because there is this scenario whereby, you know, Democrats begin investigating him. He could potentially be impeached. And so he's going to look for, you know, an alternate set of advisers. And it would certainly make sense that somebody like Steve Bannon who has this connection to his base, who is openly hostile to the Republican establishment and who really can't be blamed if Republicans lose in November because he's not really on the scene anymore would be a guy that Trump would reach out to and bring back into the fold.
GROSS: If you're just joining us, my guest is Joshua Green, and his book "Devil's Bargain: Steve Bannon, Donald Trump, And The Nationalist Uprising" is now out in paperback with a new preface. And he's national correspondent for Bloomberg Businessweek and a CNN political analyst. We're going to take a short break here, then we'll be right back. This is FRESH AIR.
GROSS: This is FRESH AIR. And if you're just joining us, my guest is Joshua Green, and his book "Devil's Bargain: Steve Bannon, Donald Trump, And The Nationalist Uprising" has just come out in paperback. Green is a national correspondent for Bloomberg Businessweek and a CNN political analyst.
So something from your introduction that I think has really caught the imagination of the American public, at least those people in the American public who've heard about it (laughter), is that you actually watched the Golden Globes with Steve Bannon. So before we get to some of the provocative things that he had to say, how did you get to watch with him?
GREEN: Well, actually I was there the next day. I recreate the scene of him watching the Golden Globes. I had showed up early in the morning for a private breakfast to tell him, you know, look; I'm writing this paperback preface. I'm essentially telling the story of how it was that your relationship with Trump fell apart. And as Bannon is wont to do, he, you know, ranged into what was on his mind. And what was on his mind was the Golden Globe Awards, which had pretty clearly been a pivotal moment in the culture because Oprah and a lot of the actresses had gone up and kind of brought this #MeToo movement to national attention on a platform that everybody was watching that night.
And Bannon was utterly convinced that what this represented was the backlash against Donald Trump. I said, well, you know, what do you mean? What do you mean, the backlash against Donald Trump? Why is that a problem? Nobody in the White House seems to care. And Bannon essentially described this to me. He called it a Cromwell moment. You know, all these women in their long, black dresses - they reminded him of Puritans from the 17th century.
And to me this is interesting because, you know, Bannon, despite his many flaws, is a very shrewd analyst of American politics, I think, and has a very good understanding of our kind of sublimated collective anxieties. And what he seemed so upset about was the power of this rising women's movement. He dubbed it the matriarchy, which I thought was a great name. But as he got going, you know, describing what this envisioned, he told me he thought it was an existential threat not just to Trump but to Republicans in Congress. And I said, well, what do you mean? He said, well, look at Oprah. You know, if she were to go out tomorrow and start campaigning for House Democrats, there's no way that Republicans would be able to hang on to the House, which is an interesting thought because the next morning, most people were looking at Winfrey as a potential presidential candidate.
But as he kept going - there's a wonderful scene in the new preface, a kind of moment of Freudian angst where Bannon is describing all these kind of alpha male movie stars. One of the scenes from the Golden Globe is The Rock. The, you know, muscular movie star at one point was sitting there kind of gazing up from the audience reverently as Oprah was up there, you know, shaming sexual harassers and so on. And Bannon was absolutely convinced that that was the end of The Rock's political career, that essentially, you know, he had been gelded. And I laughed, and I said, what do you mean? And he said, well, look; if you rolled out a guillotine, they'd chop off every set of balls in the room.
GROSS: Well, you know, one of the things that Bannon said to you about the Golden Globes and the #MeToo movement - he said, like, the anti-patriarchy movement is going to undo 10,000 years of recorded history. Women are going to take charge of society, and they couldn't juxtapose a better villain than Trump. He is the patriarch. So here's what I couldn't figure out. Does Bannon think these women have a point and they should topple the patriarchy; they deserve equality? Or does he think, this is a threat to everything I stand for?
GREEN: Oh, very much the latter. I don't think Bannon is at all concerned about the rights of women. But I think he perceives a backlash that threatens the whole rise of Trump and the nationalist politics that he's associated with. These are the ideas that Bannon really cares about. It was really what caused his falling out with Donald Trump to begin with.
You know, and I think there's something poignant about the fact that, you know, Bannon, who came from nowhere - you know, the far-right fringes of Republican politics, recognized this anti-establishment backlash that gave rise to Trump - has now been so thoroughly excommunicated that he's all the way back out on the fringes. You know, and here he is watching the Golden Globe awards, recognizing the next great American backlash coming. And it's against him and people like him and the guy that he got elected.
GROSS: My guest is Joshua Green. His book "Devil's Bargain: Steve Bannon, Donald Trump, And The Nationalist Uprising" has just been published in paperback. After a break, we'll talk about what's become of Bannon's vision of a nationalist uprising now that he's no longer in the White House or at Breitbart News. I'm Terry Gross, and this is FRESH AIR.
GROSS: This is FRESH AIR. I'm Terry Gross back with Joshua Green. His bestseller "Devil's Bargain: Steve Bannon, Donald Trump, And The Nationalist Uprising" has just been published in paperback with a new preface. We're talking about why Bannon was ousted from the White House and how far Bannon got in his goal of overturning the Republican establishment. When we left off, we were talking about how after the #MeToo moment at the Golden Globes, Bannon told Green that what Bannon described as the matriarchy poses an existential threat not just to Trump but to Republicans in Congress.
I'm going to do a partial list - I think it's only partial - of people in the Trump administration who have been accused of sexual harassment, sexual molestation or sexual assault. We'll start with Steve Bannon himself, who was charged with three misdemeanor counts of domestic violence in 1996 by his now ex-wife - violence, battery and dissuading a witness - recently staff secretary Rob Porter; Corey Lewandowski, the former campaign manager; Andrew Puzder, who was the first choice for secretary of labor but the charges - the allegations against him nixed that; speechwriter David Sorensen; OK, Bannon's candidate to replace Jeff Sessions in the Senate, Roy Moore - all those women coming forward and saying that they were molested by him as teenagers.
So I'm not even sure what my question is here, but this seems to be - like, Trump seems to have surrounded himself and Bannon seems to have surrounded himself with people who assault or harass women.
GREEN: Well, and let's not leave Trump himself off that list, right?
GROSS: Oh, oh, I'm sorry. (Laughter) I did not mean to leave him off.
GREEN: Credibly accused of sexual assault by 13 women, you know, not to mention the hush money to the porn star and so on. Look, I think it is an epidemic among, you know, White House and White House-affiliated Republicans. Clearly, this is not something that matters to people in the White House or didn't matter anyway until it became public in the last week or so.
The charges against Rob Porter were well-known within the White House to Chief Counsel Don McGahn, to Chief of Staff John Kelly. You know, the FBI had investigated them and come back and said they were credible and yet nothing happened until a literal actual photo of one of his ex-wives with a black eye, you know, showed up on the Internet and in the Daily Mail and, I think, The Intercept. And it took that image, I think, to get people to understand on a visceral level, you know, how serious these charges actually are.
And it's clear that they were not taken seriously by people in the Trump White House and I think still aren't. You know, there's been this fitful effort over the last week or so to come out - initially, it was to defend Rob Porter, who Kelly, the chief of staff, described as a man of integrity. Sara Sanders, the White House spokesman, said from the podium that, you know, nobody fired Porter. It was his own choice to resign.
You know, and then a couple of days later, they flipped around and were busy defending Kelly once it was clear that it was unacceptable to allow somebody like that to continue to serve. But the problem is Trump himself came out in a tweet and rather than express any kind of solidarity or sympathy for the ex-wives, who'd allegedly been abused, you know, he expressed sympathy for his former aide, Porter.
So I think it just shows a blindness or an unwillingness to accept that this is a serious issue among the most important Republicans in the country. And again, I do think it's interesting that Bannon seems to be the only person in the Trump orbit who perceives an existential threat, which I very much think this is if it continues on through November.
GROSS: First of all, I want to say that I recognize that the White House isn't the only place in which there are sexual harassers, molesters or assaulters. You know, there's been sexual harassment allegations within public radio. So I just, you know, I don't want to sound clueless about that. But getting back to your point that Bannon is the only person who seems to perceive that this could be an existential threat, that all these allegations could be an existential threat for the Republican Party, I find it interesting that Bannon doesn't express concern for the women either.
He's concerned about the votes.
GREEN: Yeah, I think that's exactly right. And, you know, he is chiefly interested in propping up Donald Trump and in finding a way back to power and influence within Trump's orbit. And, you know, it's pretty clear if you watch the White House and watch senior officials and how they behave, you know, even this last weekend on the Sunday shows, you had people out there, you know, not defending Porter but essentially isolating their adversaries within the White House saying, well, you know, Don McGahn might have known about it.
You know, John Kelly might have known about it, but the president didn't or I didn't. The glimpse I've gotten into the White House through Bannon, through all the other White House officials and campaign officials that I interviewed for this book are that on a day to day basis, what's really going on there is kind of a Darwinian fight for survival. Everybody in there is busy either stabbing other people in the back or trying to protect their own back. You know, one of the themes I touch on in the new preface is why it is that this whole populist-nationalist project failed, the one that got Trump elected, once he got to the White House.
And I think the answer is that Bannon ultimately decided to spend his time pursuing his internal enemies and nursing his own grievances. And that is the way that a lot of other senior people in the White House have behaved and continue to behave.
GROSS: So after leaving the White House, Bannon launched what he described as a season of war against the Republican establishment. Did you know what was on his agenda in this season of war? Obviously getting Roy Moore elected, and he failed on that, but what else?
GREEN: Well, what Bannon wanted to do when he left the White House was essentially to move the nationalist movement, as he thought of it, beyond just Donald Trump. The real cause of their falling out, Trump's and Bannon's, was Bannon thought that presidential election was a referendum on a set of ideas, this kind of vision of right-wing populism and Trump thought it was a referendum on Trump.
And Bannon knew when he left the White House that he needed to advance this movement beyond Trump, who wasn't really committed to it anyway, as we've subsequently seen. And so what he wanted to do was go out and elect a set of Senate candidates who are essentially mini Trumps, who would oust Mitch McConnell, the establishment-friendly Senate majority leader, and give Bannon a base of support within the Congress to, you know, essentially change Washington and change the Republican Party in a way that would make everybody Trumpist.
GROSS: OK, so what was his plan to do that, to use Breitbart News to do that?
GREEN: Yeah. I mean, Breitbart News was essentially a vehicle - almost a propaganda vehicle to launch this campaign. If you go back to November and December, you know, one of the people Bannon chose to back was Roy Moore. And Breitbart ran I think literally hundreds of articles on Roy Moore, you know, propping him up, attacking his accusers, besmirching the reporters who reported the allegations from young women who had said that Moore had molested them.
You know, in Bannon's mind, he was going to line up, you know, 12 or 13 populists. What he really wound up doing though was pulling together a lot of kind of retreads and fringe figures, who really didn't share any coherent belief in populism that I could detect and just chose people who would be hostile to Mitch McConnell.
Bannon's real goal was to oust McConnell and thereby shatter the Republican establishment and open up a space for more Trump-friendly and more Bannon-friendly senators to get in there. I think that by doing that, Bannon thought he could be a kind of a Karl Rove, a kind of right-wing Karl Rove. You know, but as we've seen from his subsequent rise and fall, I think he's turned out to be more like an alt-right Icarus, who burned brightly for a time but now has kind of fallen out of public life almost completely.
GROSS: Well, let me reintroduce you here. If you're just joining us, my guest is Joshua Green, and his book "Devil's Bargain: Steve Bannon, Donald Trump, And The Nationalist Uprising" has just been published in paperback. We're going to take a short break and then be right back. This is FRESH AIR.
GROSS: This is FRESH AIR. If you're just joining us, my guest is Joshua Green. And his best-selling book "Devil's Bargain: Steve Bannon, Donald Trump, And The Nationalist Uprising" has just been published in paperback with a new introduction. And he's also a national correspondent for Bloomberg Businessweek and a contributor to CNN. So I don't know if you know the answer to this or not.
I don't know if you talked to him about this or not. But I was wondering what it was like for Steve Bannon to become a public figure because he really looks like the kind of guy who stays behind the scenes. He pays no attention to his clothing or his hair or his visual presentation in any way.
He's widely mocked for that on, you know, comedy shows and even Trump calls him sloppy Steve.
GREEN: You know, I disagree with the premise that he doesn't care. He cares very much. You know, he cultivated this image of himself as a kind of behind-the-scenes Machiavelli because I think he was shrewd enough to know that if you're out in front of the cable news cameras, Trump is eventually going to turn on you. But Bannon was delighted with his portrayal in the popular culture.
I remember him calling me up one Sunday morning - this would be probably back in the spring or the summer - when "Saturday Night Live" had just done their little skit where the Bannon character is Death, who kind of comes out the Grim Reaper. And Bannon just thought it was the greatest thing in the world, thought it was hilarious.
So all of this, I think, is a very carefully crafted image that is meant to distinguish him as someone different than kind of the lickspittle sycophants who are often representing Trump on cable news, people like Corey Lewandowski who kind of go on and shower Trump with obsequious praise. I think Bannon has much more of an ego than that, views himself as - not just a serious figure but as a historical figure who was the brains behind the ideas that got Trump elected and thinks ultimately the credit ought to accrue to him.
And I think that's why Bannon was so active in the White House talking to reporters, talking to book authors, trying to shape the public perception of himself. You know, the idea that other people were attacking him or insulting him, I think Bannon took that as proof of his importance.
GROSS: So a couple of days before Bannon was forced out of the White House, Robert Kuttner of The American Prospect published a piece about Bannon and about the conversation that they had just had. And in spite of the fact that a lot of Bannon's base is anti-immigrant, a lot of, like, white nationalists within there, he told Kuttner in terms of ethno-nationalism, he said, it's a fringe element.
I think the media plays it up too much and we've got to help crush it. These guys are a collection of clowns. The Democrats, the longer they talk about identity politics, I've got them. I want them to talk about racism every day. If the leftists focus on race and identity and we go with economic nationalism, we can crush the Democrats.
So it's an interesting message he's sending there, which is basically insulting a lot of the people who he fired up and made into his base, the ethno-nationalists and saying if the left focuses on that, then we've got them because we're really about economic nationalism.
GREEN: Yeah, there's two things that were going on in that interview with Bob Kuttner. One is what you saw Bannon doing - and let's recall for listeners. Bannon had out of the blue as a White House official called, you know, a liberal economist, who's the head of a liberal policy journal where I used to work, The American Prospect, essentially because he thought Kuttner would be an ally when it came to proposing more hawkish policy against China.
Bannon is always looking to broaden this nationalist-populist coalition and bring in people like that. And I think he was just utterly tone deaf to the fact that somebody like Kuttner would consider Bannon repellent, despite his ideas on China, because of his ideas on race and anti-Semitism and all the things that we saw in the Trump administration.
The other thing that was going on there is that Bannon knew and knows at some level that if he's going to broaden this political movement, he is going to have to shake loose the, you know, anti-Semitic white nationalist element. People like, you know - in the book, we discussed Richard Spencer, the prominent white supremacist, who's been very supportive of Trump and Bannon.
And Bannon sort of snorted and said, you know, these guys are losers. I think of them as "F Troop." You remember the movie "F Troop." But these were basically people, you know, rubes that you had to activate and get fired up to do your bidding but not important. And once nationalists had taken power in America through Donald Trump or taken control of Congress, you could kind of sweep those people aside, you know, and bring in more polite advocates of your ideas.
GROSS: But what had he done to cultivate the, as he calls it, ethno-nationalists?
GREEN: Well, what he'd done to cultivate it, I think, was to attract them to Breitbart News, to, you know, be a venue that focused very much in a very negative way on immigration, on issues of race, someone who supported and cheered Donald Trump when he said things like, you know, Mexicans are all rapists, as he said in his introductory speech when he became a candidate, and cheered him along the way.
I mean, I think on the one hand, Bannon consciously attracted and exploited those sentiments because they did have real electoral power, and they did get Donald Trump elected. But on the other hand, recognize that, you know, it wasn't going to be tenable going forward if that was how you were identified. If Trump's coalition is viewed as, you know, white nationalists and racists and anti-Semites, it's going to be difficult, obviously, to attract the kind of suburban voters that you need to maintain a political movement, to maintain control of the White House and Congress, you know, over any meaningful period of time. So I think he was always - Bannon was always torn between needing to appeal to these people, needing to exploit their political power, but also needing to distance his movement. And so depending on who he was talking to, he tended to change his tune about, you know, whether he supported these people or whether, as, he told Bob Kuttner, they were clowns and losers who were just doing his bidding.
GROSS: So Steve Bannon lost his position as chief strategist in Trump's White House. He was fired from Breitbart News. He lost his funding from the Mercers. What does he have now?
GREEN: Well, it's not clear that he really has much. You know, Bannon was very effective even before Trump because he had the platform of Breitbart News, which really did coalesce, you know, an insurgent group of readers and kind of right-wing activists and gave him real power in Republican politics. And of course when he was in the White House and then left, he was a famous figure who was thought to speak for Trump and had a national profile of his own. But now that he's been robbed of that profile, robbed of his radio show, there isn't an obvious outlet for him to be able to speak and say things. And I think that's one reason why he has let reporters like me and a few other folks, you know, back into his world to essentially, you know, have a megaphone to spread this idea and to try and get back on Trump's radar as someone who is still in his corner and is still willing to fight for him if Trump wants to reach out and repair that relationship. The one thing that's clear is that Bannon is willing and eager to go back despite all the ignominy heaped on him by the president.
GROSS: Well, Joshua Green, I want to thank you a lot for talking with us.
GREEN: Thanks so much. It was wonderful to be back.
GROSS: Joshua Green's book, "Devil's Bargain: Steve Bannon, Donald Trump, And The Nationalist Uprising," has just been published in paperback. He's a national correspondent for Bloomberg Businessweek. We'll be back after a break. This is FRESH AIR.
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text:
U.S. Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission
Town Hall Forum Allows Public to Comment Directly on Proposed Regulations
NEW ORLEANS – Top officials of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Civil Rights (DOJ), will jointly hold a town hall listening session to draw public input on new federal regulations and procedures to promote the hiring of people with disabilities. The forum, the last of four held in major cities nationwide, will run from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Friday, Nov. 20, at the University of New Orleans Training, Resource and Assistive-technology Center (UNO-TRAC), 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70122.
The EEOC-DOJ listening sessions are part of a series of national initiatives by the Obama Administration to ensure fair and equal access to employment for all Americans, particularly the 54 million people in this country living with disabilities. The sessions provide direct input from the business/employer communities as well as the disability and disability advocacy community on proposed regulations in the recently enacted Americans With Disabilities Amendments Act (ADAAA).
"The EEOC continues pressing to empower individuals with disabilities to participate to the fullest extent possible in the American workplace," said Acting EEOC Chairman Stuart J. Ishimaru. "We're pleased to hold listening sessions around the country and to play a lead role in the Administration's initiative."
Acting EEOC Vice Chair Christine M. Griffin said, "For too long, Americans with disabilities have been pushed to the rear of the hiring line. The EEOC-DOJ town hall listening sessions, in concert with other Administration measures, should position workers with disabilities for a fair chance at a federal job."
Commissioner Constance Barker said, "I strongly support the Town Hall concept and hope this will be the beginning of similar initiatives by the EEOC to increase transparency and opportunities for public input."
Acting Vice Chair Griffin and Commissioner Barker will preside at the New Orleans forum, along with DOJ's Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights, Samuel Bagenstos, Counsel to the Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights, Mazen Basrawi, and Chief of the Disability Rights Section of the Civil Rights Division, John Wodatch.
Five-minute time slots to address the panel will be available from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., some on an advance registration basis and some on first-come, first-served sign-up basis at the event. Members of the public are also invited to attend and view the proceedings, with space available on a first-come, first-served basis. Those wishing to register as a speaker should contact Maple Thomas at 504-595-2827 (TTY 504-595-2958) or email@example.com. Speakers are also invited to submit written statements, either at the event or online at www.regulations.gov. Sign Language Interpreters, CART, and assistive listening devices will be available. Persons requiring printed materials in an alternative format should email firstname.lastname@example.com, noting specific needs.
The listening sessions follow EEOC action last month to expand opportunities for people with disabilities by returning the ADA to the broad and strong civil rights statute that Congress originally intended it to be, and smoothing the road for those seeking protection under the ADA. On Sept. 16, the EEOC approved a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) revising its regulations to provide that an individual seeking protection under the ADA establish that he or she has a disability consistent with the original, expansive intent of Congress when it enacted the statute in 1990. The NPRM carries a 60-day period for public comment.
The EEOC is responsible for enforcing Title I of the ADA, which prohibits employment discrimination against individuals with disabilities. The statute requires employers to make reasonable accommodations to employees and job applicants with disabilities – defined as people with mental or physical impairments that substantially limit a major life activity, persons with a record of a disability, or who, while not actually disabled, are regarded as disabled.
The ADA Amendments Act, which went into effect Jan. 1, 2009, states that Congress expects the EEOC to revise its regulations to conform to changes made by the Act, and expressly authorizes the EEOC to do so.
Consistent with the ADAAA, the NPRM emphasizes that the definition of disability -- an impairment that poses a substantial limitation in a major life activity -- must be construed in favor of broad coverage of individuals to the maximum extent permitted by the terms of the ADA, and should not require extensive analysis; that major life activities include "major bodily functions"; that mitigating measures, such as medications and devices that people use to reduce or eliminate the effects of an impairment, are not to be considered when determining whether someone has a disability; and that impairments that are episodic or in remission, such as epilepsy, cancer, and many kinds of psychiatric impairments, are disabilities if they would "substantially limit" major life activities when active. The regulation also provides a more straightforward way of demonstrating a substantial limitation in the major life activity of working, and implements the ADAAA's new standard for determining whether someone is "regarded as" having a disability.
The EEOC is responsible for enforcing federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. Further information about the listening sessions and the EEOC is available on the agency's web site at www.eeoc.gov.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
In honor of our newly launched sister blog, The Once and Future Moon, from Air & Space, this week's Picture of the Week is the Earth as seen from the Moon, circa 1966.
Thinking ahead, NASA sent five missions up to photograph the moon in the 1960s, before sending the first people. The data have been stored since then in analog form, and now the Lunar Orbiter Recovery Project is converting the data to digital form and reconstructing the images. This one, released last week by NASA, if the first of many more sure to come.
In a repeat of the 1960s, NASA will send up the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter next year to map the moon in preparation, in part, for the next human mission.


text:
Instead, a rotating indicator bar can be turned to display any of six common scales, all of which read left to right and remain fixed until reset to a different scale. The opposite edge is marked as a standard 12" rule graduated in 32nds.
Made of aluminum with an easy-to-read matte finish that you can mark with a pencil, the rule includes 1/16, 1/8, 3/16, 1/4, 3/8 and 1/2 scale ratios, suitable for common woodworking applications.
Made in USA.


text:
Become root or assume an equivalent role with the appropriate ZFS rights profile.
For more information about the ZFS rights profiles, see ZFS Rights Profiles.
Create the desired hierarchy.
In this example, a file system that acts as a container for individual file systems is created.
# zfs create tank/home
Set the inherited properties.
After the file system hierarchy is established, set up any properties to be shared among all users:
# zfs set mountpoint=/export/zfs tank/home # zfs set sharenfs=on tank/home # zfs set compression=on tank/home # zfs get compression tank/home NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE tank/home compression on local
You can set file system properties when the file system is created. For example:
# zfs create -o mountpoint=/export/zfs -o sharenfs=on -o compression=on tank/home
For more information about properties and property inheritance, see Introducing ZFS Properties.
Next, individual file systems are grouped under the home file system in the pool tank.
Create the individual file systems.
File systems could have been created and then the properties could have been changed at the home level. All properties can be changed dynamically while file systems are in use.
# zfs create tank/home/bonwick # zfs create tank/home/billm
These file systems inherit their property values from their parent, so they are automatically mounted at /export/zfs/user and are NFS shared. You do not need to edit the /etc/vfstab or /etc/dfs/dfstab file.
For more information about creating file systems, see Creating a ZFS File System.
For more information about mounting and sharing file systems, see Mounting and Sharing ZFS File Systems.
Set the file system-specific properties.
In this example, user bonwick is assigned a quota of 10 GBs. This property places a limit on the amount of space he can consume, regardless of how much space is available in the pool.
# zfs set quota=10G tank/home/bonwick
View the results.
View available file system information by using the zfs list command:
# zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT tank 92.0K 67.0G 9.5K /tank tank/home 24.0K 67.0G 8K /export/zfs tank/home/billm 8K 67.0G 8K /export/zfs/billm tank/home/bonwick 8K 10.0G 8K /export/zfs/bonwick
Note that user bonwick only has 10 GB of space available, while user billm can use the full pool (67 GB).
For more information about viewing file system status, see Querying ZFS File System Information.
For more information about how disk space is used and calculated, see ZFS Disk Space Accounting.


text:
Lupus Organizations Unite to Stimulate Advances in Lupus Research
Dec 18, 2013, 11:00 ET
Lupus Insight Prize to be awarded to Outstanding Scientist
NEW YORK, Dec. 18, 2013 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- For the second year, the Alliance for Lupus Research (ALR), the Lupus Foundation of America (LFA), and the Lupus Research Institute (LRI) will again join together to encourage scientific advances in lupus research. The Lupus Insight Prize, a novel collaborative initiative among the three organizations, will recognize and honor an outstanding investigator with a documented record of creativity, innovation, and productivity in lupus investigations, and with a high likelihood of generating further advances in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Lupus is an unpredictable and sometimes fatal autoimmune disease that affects an estimated 1.5 million Americans. The Lupus Insight Prize will be awarded annually by the sponsoring organizations.
The Request for Nominations will open December 18, 2013, with applications due by February 20, 2014. The 2014 Prize will be awarded at the Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) annual meeting on June 25, 2014 by the three organizations.
"Our hope is that the continued collaboration between the Alliance for Lupus Research, the Lupus Foundation of America, and the Lupus Research Institute in the form of the Lupus Insight Prize is strong testimony to the dedication and commitment of these organizations to find a cure for lupus," said Mary K. Crow, M.D., Chair, ALR Scientific Advisory Board, Physician-in-Chief and Chair, Department of Medicine, The Hospital for Special Surgery. "The Prize encourages innovation. It furthers lupus research and allows for investigators to move the science and understanding of lupus forward," commented Gary S. Gilkeson, M.D., Chair, LFA Medical-Scientific Advisory Council. Peter Lipsky, M.D., LRI Scientific Advisory Board Member and Editor-in-Chief of Arthritis Research and Therapy adds, "This Prize recognizes important novel achievements in any scientific field that might impact lupus, and also provides funds to carry out the experiments that will lead to new insights about lupus and novel therapies for those who need it the most."
The Lupus Insight Prize recipient will be awarded $200,000 to be used for research dedicated to furthering understanding of the genetic, environmental, molecular, immunologic, or cellular aspects of lupus or its treatment. The Prize must be utilized within three years from the date awarded.
Lupus Insight Prize nominations will be reviewed by members of the independent Selection Committee, which is comprised of leading lupus scientific leaders from across the country and representatives of the three funding lupus organizations. The Selection Committee will review nominations and award the Prize based on several criteria, including academic achievements, creativity, insight, and potential for future advances that will improve the lives of people with lupus.
Nominations are open to investigators of any age or rank affiliated with an academic, biomedical, research, or government institution in the United States. Nominations will not be accepted for investigators working in the biotechnology or pharmaceutical industries. Additionally, nominees may not already possess a grant award to pursue the aims described in the Research Narrative. Co-investigators or teams of investigators are not eligible for the Lupus Insight Prize.
Instructions on how to submit a nomination for the Lupus Insight Prize and the complete guidelines are available at www.LupusInsightPrize.org. Nominators and Candidates should work together to prepare each Candidate's Letter of Nomination for The Lupus Insight Prize. Nominations of basic, clinical, and translational scientists will be considered. The Nominator should submit a two-page Letter of Nomination, describing the worthiness, expertise and achievements of the Candidate and specifically focus on the unique insight generated by the Candidate that might have an impact on advancing the future of lupus research. The Letter of Nomination should clearly state the insight for which the candidate is being nominated. The full application must be submitted no later than February 20, 2014 at 5 p.m. ET.
The Prize recipient will be announced and honored publicly in June of 2014 in a ceremony at the FOCIS 2014 Annual Meeting in Chicago, IL. This ceremony will include an opportunity for the award recipient to share plans about his/her lupus research. Details about the reception honoring the Prize recipient will be posted to www.LupusInsightPrize.org in the coming months.
About Lupus
Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and tissue damage to any organ system in the body. The health effects of lupus include heart attacks, strokes, seizures, organ failure, and possible death. An estimated 1.5 million Americans and at least five million people worldwide have a form of lupus.
About the Funding Organizations
For more information about the Alliance for Lupus Research, visit www.lupusresearch.org.
For more information about the Lupus Foundation of America, visit www.lupus.org.
For more information about the Lupus Research Institute, visit www.lupusresearchinstitute.org.
SOURCE Alliance for Lupus Research


text:
Teacher resources and professional development across the curriculum
Teacher professional development and classroom resources across the curriculum
Teaching Foreign Languages K–12
A Library of Classroom Practices
Chinese: Communicating About Sports
World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages
The World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages create a roadmap to guide learners to develop competence to communicate effectively and interact with cultural understanding. This lesson correlates to the following Standards:
Communicate effectively in more than one language in order to function in a variety of situations and for multiple purposes
Interpersonal Communication
Learners interact and negotiate meaning in spoken, signed, or written conversations to share information, reactions, feelings, and opinions.
Presentational Communication
Learners present information, concepts, and ideas to inform, explain, persuade, and narrate on a variety of topics using appropriate media and adapting to various audiences of listeners, readers, or viewers.
Develop insight into the nature of language and culture in order to interact with cultural competence
Language Comparisons
Learners use the language to investigate, explain, and reflect on the nature of language through comparisons of the language studied and their own.
Cultural Comparisons
Learners use the language to investigate, explain, and reflect on the concept of culture through comparisons of the cultures studied and their own.
Next > Resources
Chinese: Communicating About Sports >
Introduction | Class Context | Analyze the Video | Connect to Your Teaching | Standards | Resources
© Annenberg Foundation 2017. All rights reserved. Legal Policy


text:
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen,
Dear Students!
As Rector of the Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, I bid you a very warm welcome. Salzburg, because of its beautiful scenery, many historical sites and the Festival, is one of the most beautiful and interesting cities in the world. And Salzburg is a university town with a long tradition. The University of Salzburg was founded by Prince Archbishop Paris Lodron, the namesake of the University, in 1622. Today it consists of four faculties, with approximately 18,000 students and 2,800 employees. It is a centre for innovative research and is firmly integrated into the cultural and economic life of Salzburg. With its national and international networking, it is a modern knowledge hub in the heart of Europe. We can be proud of this university, which seamlessly embeds itself with its architecturally interesting buildings in the beautiful ambience of this city. The University of Salzburg offers students a broad range of courses with a balanced ratio of teachers to students. The positioning of the University of Salzburg for a secure future is particularly close to my heart. It has set itself clear research priorities, created a development plan for the future, and today is characterized by constantly developing and meeting new challenges.
Heinrich Schmidinger, Rector of the University of Salzburg


text:
Datamonitor's Global Juices industry profile is an essential resource for top-level data and analysis covering the Juices industry. It includes detailed data on market size and segmentation, plus textual and graphical analysis of the key trends and competitive landscape, leading companies and demographic information. Scope Contains an executive summary and data on value, volume and/or segmentationProvides textual analysis of the industry's recent performance and future prospectsIncorporates in-depth five forces competitive environment analysis and scorecards Includes a five-year forecast of the industryThe leading companies are profiled with supporting key financial metrics Supported by the key macroeconomic and demographic data affecting the market Highlights Detailed information is included on market size, measured by value and/or volumeFive forces scorecards provide an accessible yet in depth view of the market's competitive landscape Market shares are covered by manufacturer or brand Why you should buy this report Spot future trends and developments Inform your business decisions Add weight to presentations and marketing materials Save time carrying out entry-level researchMarket DefinitionThe juices market consists of 100% fruit juice (from concentrate), 100% fruit juice (not from concentrate), Nectar (30%-99% juice), Fruit drink (0-29% juice) and Vegetable juice. The market is valued according to retail selling price (RSP) and includes any applicable taxes. Any currency conversions used in the creation of this report have been calculated using constant annual average exchange rates.For the purpose of this report the Americas comprises Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela, and the US.Europe comprises Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, the Ukraine and the United Kingdom.Asia-Pacific comprises Australia, China, Japan, India, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan.The global figure comprises the Americas, Asia-Pacific and Europe.
Global Juices
- By:
- Global
To post comments, simply sign up and become a member!


text: Which ARM is the Best Alternative? Posted on August 28, 2019 - 10:35 AM by ann edwards How would you like a mortgage loan where you did not have to make the whole payment if you did not want to? Or would you like a loan with an interest rate about 1% below a thirty-year fixed rate mortgage and pay zero points? Or a loan where you did not ha... Read more


text:
Shotover Jet
Can you handle the canyons with award winning Shotover Jet? 'The World's Most Exciting Jet Boat Ride' and the only company permitted to operate in the spectacular Shotover River Canyons.
- Adult
- $155.00
- Child
- $89.00
Contact Us
1 / 4
1 / 7
World famous as the ultimate jet boat experience, Shotover Jet has thrilled over 3 million people since 1970, and now it's your turn! Take a unique breathtaking ride through dramatic and narrow canyons, and hold on tight for Queenstown's only exhilarating full 360° spins.
Combining the classic New Zealand invention of the jet boat with the Kiwi culture of adventure, Shotover Jet has become part of the fabric of what is quintessentially 'New Zealand' and is for many visitors the highlight of their Queenstown and New Zealand holiday.
Physical address
Shotover Jet, 3 Arthurs Point Road, Arthurs Point, Central Queenstown, Queenstown, 9348, New Zealand.
Opening times
- Business hours:
- Summer 7:30am - 7:30pm daily. Winter 9:00am - 4:00pm daily.
- Months of operation:
- All months of the year
Facilities and Features
- Proximity to airport:
- 12.4km to Queenstown airport
- Proximity to town:
- 8 minutes to town
Pricing and Conditions
(15 year(s) and under)
- Other charges:
- Family rates available
- Further pricing information:
- A minimum child height of 1 metre applies and all children must be accompanied by a fare paying adult. This may be raised to 1.2m in some conditions. Should river conditions on the day dictate, Shotover Jet does reserve the right to extend the minimum child height to 1.2 metres to ensure maximum passenger safety. Please speak with one of our team if you are pregnant or have any medical conditions including back or neck problems.


text:
Kate Middleton's new diet revealed: Secret to her slim figure
See Gallery
Kate Middleton is known for her stunning style - and for her unbelievable figure! Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, has now turned to a new eating style to get gorgeous glowing skin, according to a new report.
Kate Middleton, 32, is truly one of the classiest and most stunning women of our time. Kate just gave birth to her first son, Prince George, on July 22 of last year, but her fit figure is already back! Prince William's wife is happy with her body, but wants to improve her skin tone - and so she's turning to the latest hot diet trend, which is the raw food diet!
Kate Middleton's New Diet: Raw Foods Only
Kate's gorgeous-skin diet consists of completely uncooked foods, according to Daily Mail. Kate is trying out the trendy eating pattern for two reasons! First, to keep her fit frame looking its best - she wants to maintain her athletic figure. Second, to get radiant and glowing skin! While we think Kate already looks absolutely gorgeous, we're all for her trying new eating patterns to see what makes her feel her best.
Kate already has a few favorites from the raw food diet. She's loving ceviche (raw fish served in a bed of juices and spices), gazpacho (a cold soup), watermelon salads and tabbouleh, according to Daily Mail. She's also drinking almond milk! Kate's plan is to stick to this raw-only regime for at least one day a week!
"Kate already has the perfect figure but her motivation is to achieve radiant skin," Daily Mail quotes a friend of Kate's explaining.
Fans of the raw food diet say it helps achieve fuller hair, more glowing skin and healthier nails. Believers of the raw food revolution say that by NOT cooking food, the vitamins and nutrients stay rich and dense, whereas the "good" parts of food can be zapped out while a dish is cooked. How interesting!
Kate Middleton's Silver Suit At The Queens 88th Birthday
Whatever Kate is doing, she looks spectacular. At Queen Elizabeth's 88th birthday celebration on June 14, Kate rocked a silver suit and an amazing matching hat. She stole the show - as usual! Just four days earlier, Kate was magnificent in an Alexander McQueen dress (that she'd worn before!) at The Duke of Edinburgh's 93th birthday on June 10.
More from Hollywood Life:
Prince George's First Steps: Kate Middleton Reveals Milestone Moment
Kate Middleton's Romantic Updo At Prince Philip's Birthday
Kate Middleton Frightens Adorable Little Girl, Then Comforts Her


text:
|non-portable (BangPatterns)
|Daniel Fischer <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Fast overlapping Boyer-Moore search of strict
ByteString values. Breaking, splitting and replacing
using the Boyer-Moore algorithm.
Descriptions of the algorithm can be found at http://www-igm.univ-mlv.fr/~lecroq/string/node14.html#SECTION00140 and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer-Moore_string_search_algorithm
Original authors: Daniel Fischer (daniel.is.fischer at googlemail.com) and Chris Kuklewicz (haskell at list.mightyreason.com).
- indices :: ByteString -> ByteString -> [Int]
- nonOverlappingIndices :: ByteString -> ByteString -> [Int]
- breakOn :: ByteString -> ByteString -> (ByteString, ByteString)
- breakAfter :: ByteString -> ByteString -> (ByteString, ByteString)
- replace :: Substitution rep => ByteString -> rep -> ByteString -> ByteString
- split :: ByteString -> ByteString -> [ByteString]
- splitKeepEnd :: ByteString -> ByteString -> [ByteString]
- splitKeepFront :: ByteString -> ByteString -> [ByteString]
This module provides functions related to searching a substring within a string, using the Boyer-Moore algorithm with minor modifications to improve the overall performance and avoid the worst case performance degradation of the original Boyer-Moore algorithm for periodic patterns.
When searching a pattern in a UTF-8-encoded
ByteString, be aware that
these functions work on bytes, not characters, so the indices are
byte-offsets, not character offsets.
In general, the Boyer-Moore algorithm is the most efficient method to search for a pattern inside a string. The advantage over other algorithms (e.g. Naïve, Knuth-Morris-Pratt, Horspool, Sunday) can be made arbitrarily large for specially selected patterns and targets, but usually, it's a factor of 2–3 versus Knuth-Morris-Pratt and of 6–10 versus the naïve algorithm. The Horspool and Sunday algorithms, which are simplified variants of the Boyer-Moore algorithm, typically have performance between Boyer-Moore and Knuth-Morris-Pratt, mostly closer to Boyer-Moore. The advantage of the Boyer-moore variants over other algorithms generally becomes larger for longer patterns. For very short patterns (or patterns with a very short period), other algorithms, e.g. Data.ByteString.Search.DFA can be faster (my tests suggest that "very short" means two, maybe three bytes).
In general, searching in a strict
ByteString is slightly faster
than searching in a lazy
ByteString, but for long targets, the
smaller memory footprint of lazy
ByteStrings can make searching
those (sometimes much) faster. On the other hand, there are cases
where searching in a strict target is much faster, even for long targets.
Preprocessing the pattern is O(
patternLength + σ) in time and
space (σ is the alphabet size, 256 here) for all functions.
The time complexity of the searching phase for
is O(
targetLength /
patternLength) in the best case.
For non-periodic patterns, the worst case complexity is
targetLength), but for periodic patterns, the worst case complexity
is O(
targetLength *
patternLength) for the original Boyer-Moore
The searching functions in this module contain a modification which
drastically improves the performance for periodic patterns.
I believe that for strict target strings, the worst case is now
targetLength) also for periodic patterns.
I may be wrong, though.
The other functions don't have to deal with possible overlapping
patterns, hence the worst case complexity for the processing phase
is O(
targetLength) (respectively O(
firstIndex + patternLength)
for the breaking functions if the pattern occurs).
Partial application
All functions can usefully be partially applied. Given only a pattern, the pattern is preprocessed only once, allowing efficient re-use.
Finding substrings
|:: ByteString
Pattern to find
|-> ByteString
String to search
|-> [Int]
Offsets of matches
|:: ByteString
Pattern to find
|-> ByteString
String to search
|-> [Int]
Offsets of matches
nonOverlappingIndices finds the starting indices of all
non-overlapping occurrences of the pattern in the target string.
It is more efficient than removing indices from the list produced
Breaking on substrings
|:: ByteString
String to search for
|-> ByteString
String to search in
|-> (ByteString, ByteString)
Head and tail of string broken at substring
|:: ByteString
String to search for
|-> ByteString
String to search in
|-> (ByteString, ByteString)
Head and tail of string broken after substring
breakAfter pattern target splits
target behind the first occurrence
pattern. An empty second component means that either the pattern
does not occur in the target or the first occurrence of pattern is at
the very end of target. To discriminate between those cases, use e.g.
breakAfterpattern =
|:: Substitution rep
|=> ByteString
Substring to replace
|-> rep
Replacement string
|-> ByteString
String to modify
|-> ByteString
Lazy result
replace pat sub text replaces all (non-overlapping) occurrences of
pat in
text with
sub. If occurrences of
pat overlap, the first
occurrence that does not overlap with a replaced previous occurrence
is substituted. Occurrences of
pat arising from a substitution
will not be substituted. For example:
replace"ana" "olog" "banana" = "bologna"
replace"ana" "o" "bananana" = "bono"
replace"aab" "abaa" "aaab" = "abaaab"
The result is a lazy
which is lazily produced, without copying.
Equality of pattern and substitution is not checked, but
replacepat pat text) == text
holds. If the pattern is empty but not the substitution, the result
is equivalent to (were they
cycle sub.
For non-empty
pat and
sub a strict
Data.List.interspersesub .
splitpat =
replacepat sub
and analogous relations hold for other types of
split pattern target splits
target at each (non-overlapping)
occurrence of
pattern, removing
pattern. If
pattern is empty,
the result is an infinite list of empty
ByteStrings, if
is empty but not
pattern, the result is an empty list, otherwise
the following relations hold:
Data.List.interspersepat .
splitpat =
splitpattern target) ==
nonOverlappingIndicespattern target) + 1,
no fragment in the result contains an occurrence of
splitKeepEnd pattern target splits
target after each (non-overlapping)
occurrence of
pattern. If
pattern is empty, the result is an
infinite list of empty
ByteStrings, otherwise the following
relations hold:
splitKeepEndpattern =
all fragments in the result except possibly the last end with
pattern, no fragment contains more than one occurrence of
splitKeepFront is like
splitKeepEnd, except that
target is split
before each occurrence of
pattern and hence all fragments
with the possible exception of the first begin with
No fragment contains more than one non-overlapping occurrence


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CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia was established in 2013 as a network of cities and other stakeholders from two neighbouring countries that deal with sustainable mobility planning and traffic management. The objective of the network is knowledge sharing and good practice exchange as well as implementation of partner projects which are meant to finance future sustainable mobility activities. We are proud to have more than 150 members, which makes us the most numerous network. Having in mind that we are countries with small population, we consider this as a huge success.
Networking and all forms of cooperation are welcome for more effective solving of urban traffic and mobility problems - from the exchange of experience, knowledge and ideas to joint participation and synergy of the cities, thus enabling better usage of EU funds. Besides members from Slovenia and Croatia, we are attracting also cities and other stakeholders from the region of South East Europe. In order to enhance conditions for sustainable development that contributes to the prosperity and a better future for our cities, states and regions, during the 3rd Assembly held in February 2016, the name of the network was changed to CIVINET Slovenia - Croatia - South East Europe (SEE).
Local authorities and other CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia-SEE partners have expressed their commitment to strengthening the exchange of knowledge, information and experience gained within the CIVITAS initiative with other members of the Network. They have also committed to supporting the dissemination of information on the activities, achievements and results of the CIVITAS initiative and the CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia-SEE network to other towns and cities in both countries and in the region. Therefore, a number of events and study tours have been organised.
Vlado Babić from the City of Ljubljana was the Network Regional Manager till the end of August 2016. The coordination role was handed over to Croatian City of Rijeka. New Network Regional Manager is Srdjan Skunca, head of City Department for Development, Urbanism and Ecology. President of Political Committee is Marko Filipovic, Rijeka deputy mayor. ODRAZ-Sustainable Community Development acts as Secretariat of the Network.
CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia-SEE currently comprises 160 members: 43 from Slovenia, 69 from Croatia and 48 members from Bosnia&Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. 63 members are cities (15 Slovenian, 31 Croatian, four from Montenegro, one from B&H, three from Macedonia and nine from Serbia), others are important sustainable mobility stakeholders: civil society organisations, public transport providers, institutes, faculties, ministries, etc. Since the Assembly in 2015, individual experts can be members, as well.
CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia-SEE, like other similar networks, was supported by the European Commission through CIVITAS CAPITAL project, that lasted from September 1, 2013 till August 31, 2016. Small funds are earmarked to partly fund some of the network's activities in 2017 and 2018 from CIVITAS Satellite project.
Through fundraising activities, ODRAZ succeeded in getting some additional funds from Croatian Fund for Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency as well as a small grants from City of Zagreb. Financial support for network Secretariat in 2017 is securred from City of Rijeka for following activities: updating web and Fb sites, preparing e-bulletins and organising events. Rijeka and Ljubljana contribution were given in 2018, as well. City of Zagreb funded Secretariat's participation at CIVITAS Forums 2017 and 2018.
The Network's management bodies:
- General Assembly
- Political Committee
- Management Committee
- Network Secretariat
Overview of some CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia-SEE activities:
- CIVINET meeting was held during the conference "Cycling in Central and Eastern Europe", organised in Ljubljana from 15 to16 October 2013 by Slovenian Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC); Meeting of CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia was organised to enable members to share experiences and to increase cooperation between Croatian and Slovenian cities
- Experience of CIVITAS ELAN, Study visit to Zagreb and Ljubljana was held from 21-23 October 2013; CIVINET members, partners in CIVITAS ELAN organised with EUROCITIES a study visit for a dozen city representatives from Bulgaria, Albania, Romania and Italy, interested in the experience of Zagreb and Ljubljana gained by participating in CIVITAS ELAN project
- Sustainable mobility? How does that work in Ljutomer, Murska Sobota, Cakovec and Koprivnica!; CIVINET members participated from April 9 to 10, 2014 at interesting study visit to several Slovenian and Croatian cities. They had the opportunity to learn more about the activities directed towards sustainable mobility in these cities.
- CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia network, with a special emphasis on SUMP implementation plans, was presented at EU funded PUMAS Annual conference on Cross-border SUMPs, Nova Gorica, Slovenia, June 4, 2014
- CIVINET and its member, Department for urban traffic Faculty of Traffic Sciences in Zagreb, held an interesting and very useful round table in June 13, 2014 on sustainable urban mobility plans (SUMP), during which participants had the opportunity to hear about the experiences of experts who deal with this important issue.
- A workshop "Safe areas around schools" was organized in the City of Koprivnica, in scope of CIVITAS CAPITAL Activity fund, for the Municipality of Niksic, Montenegro on 17 -18 July 2014. Niksic Municipality joined the network soon afterwards.
- The network is presented, as well as projects CIVITAS MOBILIS and CIVITAS ELAN, at "Belgrade – Being Inspired" workshop, held on September 19, 2014 in Belgrade. The event was funded through CIVITAS Activity Fund. Great interest from partners in Belgrade and Serbia to join CIVINET Slovenia & Croatia Network has been expressed.
- CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia members actively participated at CIVITAS FORUM 2014, that was held in Casablanca; network coordinator and representative of Croatian Secretariat, as well as representative of town of Koprivnica, attended whole-day meeting of all CIVINET networks on 23 September 2014; several members from both countries participated as presenters or moderators at the technical sessions.
- On October 7, 2014, CIVINET Slovenia & Croatia Network, together with the City of Maribor and the Energy Agency for Podravje region, organised a Conference on sustainable mobility named "From Theory to Practice – Taking a High-way or Walking" in Maribor. A wide range of good practices from Slovenia, Croatia, Austria and Spain was presented.
- On October 20, 2014, the CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia network and the City of Zagreb organized a "BOB - Bike on Bus" workshop. This project has been financed within the first CIVITAS Activity Fund
- On November 4, 2014, CIVINET Slovenia & Croatia Network's Workshop on Introducing and Developing SUMP's in Slovenia, Croatia and Neighbouring Countries was organized in Zagreb, followed by the second MC meeting. The workshop was a success for more than fifty participants - representatives of the cities and relevant institutions from Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia and Austria. They had a chance to hear more about research, planning and implementation of various sustainable urban mobility activities, as well as SUMP methodology in designated countries/cities (e.g. Austrian Graz and Judenburg, Slovenian capital Ljubljana and some smaller towns, Novi Sad from Serbia and Croatian cities Zagreb and Koprivnica).
- General Assembly was held in Croatian town of Rijeka on February 20, 2015. Some changes in the Statute were adopted and the 2015 Statement was issued by the Political Committee. Three good urban mobility examples from Rijeka were presented (Rijeka's promenades, BikeRijeka and new environmentally friendly public transport fleet). Examples of bike projects and bike transport challenges were also presented by colleagues from Slovenia, as well as project on counselling for personal mobility. Representative of City of Koprivnica presented newly established SUMP Competence Centre for South Eastern Europe. After the event, more than 50 participant from Slovenia and Croatia, as well as from other SEE countries had a chance to ride the busses on natural gas and walk along the part of promenade.
- Representatives of the Network participated at CIVINET event in EU Parliament on 13 April, 2015, as well as at meeting at DG MOVE
- Study tour to energy self-sufficient Slovenian municipality Sentrupert was organised on 5 May 2015
- Study visit on best mobility and mobility management practices in Zürich and Luzern - On May 12 and 13, 2015 CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia organised an interesting study visit on the best practices of sustainable mobility in Zürich and Luzern, joined by CIVINET Czech and Slovak Republics. Altogether 17 participants from three countries participated in this very interested and inspiring visit. We have learned the information on Swiss railway system and Zürich Main Railway Station and visited Sihlcity shopping centre characterized by careful limitations to its attractiveness for private car based shopping and well-thought design of alternative transport accessibility and delivery of purchased goods. On the walking tour in the city, the participants learned about calmed traffic and car free and car parking free residential areas. Transport policies and mobility measures were explained by two mobility experts, e.g. master plan Stadtverkehr 2025.
- Conference on improving cycling conditions in Ljubljana, 21-22 May 2015 in Ljubljana, organised by CIVINET, Ljubljana cycling network, REC Slovenia and Kombinat arhitekti
- Participation at the meeting of all CIVINET networks in Szeged, Hungary, 28 May 2015. Our network was represented by Vlado Babic, network coordinator and Andrej Klemenc from Slovenian Secretariat
- Seminar "Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans-SUMP" in Koprivnica, 11 June 2015, organised by CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia, European platform for sustainable urban mobility plans, project CIVITAS DYN@MO and the JASPERS (Joint Assistance to Support Projects in European Regions). Our network was represented by Vlado Babic, network coordinator and three representatives of Croatian Secretariat
- Two-day seminar/ workshop on "Cycling is smart – smart cities can make it even smarter" in Koper, Slovenia, 15/16 Sep 2015
- Public presentation of CIVINET and 2015 Award Photo competition on the theme: "Movement through my city"", Zagreb, Croatia, 21 Sep 2015
- One-day study tour to Ljubljana on pedestrian zone in the city centre, on city logistics and extension of bus lines into suburbia, Ljubljana City Hall, Banquet Hall. Guided bicycle study tour follows,6 Oct 2015
- CIVITAS Forum in Ljubljana, 7 and 9 October, 2015 - meeting of all CIVINET networks, meeting with European Commissioner for Transport, Mrs. Violeta Bulc, workshop on urban cycling network and project SAVA BIKE
- Workshop on cyclotourisam held in October 2015 in Zagreb, organised in cooperation with Danube cycling project
- Conference "Towards a Humane city" – Urban transport 2030 – Mastering Change, Novi Sad Serbia; Prof Janez Koželj, Vice-mayor of Ljubljana and head of CIVINET's Slovenia & Croatia Political Committee, as a key-note speaker presented Ljubljana's sustainable mobility transformation; Vlado Babić, member of the Conference's Programme board, had a presentation on CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia and its impact on several other SEE countries, 5/6 Nov 2015
- New CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia website launched in November 2015: www.civinet-slohr.eu
- CIVINET Slovenia - Croatia 3rd General Assembly, Nova Gorica, Slovenia,10 Feb 2016, decided to change the name of the Network to CIVINET-Slovenia-South East Europe, as we have a number of towns and other mobility atakeholders from the region; the opportunity was used to hear the good practice from host town Nova Gorica and its fruitfull cooperation with Gorizia in Italy in the field of sustainable mobility
- 2 days Study tour to Graz, Austria, together with CIVINET Deutscher Sprachraum and Magyar CIVINET, 29 Feb & 1 March 2016
- Presentation of CIVINET to the Board of Association of Croatian towns; more than 40 representatives of Croatian towns were informed about out network and acctivities, 9 March 2016
- Workshop "Pedestrians and cyclists – how to get along in the city centre?", Zagreb, Croatia, organised by CIVINET and its members (ODRAZ, Cyclist Union), 23 March 2016; more than 40 participants were listening the panelist from Croatia and Slovenia, many were actively engaged in discussion during and after formal programme; interest of media was raised for the event (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAguna6dBVM and https://www.facebook.com/zagrebackapanorama/videos/874991062627481/)
- Ljubljana as member of CIVINET and the Green capital of Europe 2016 and its sustainable mobility solutions were presented to 10 Serbian towns, during the workshop in Kruševac, April 7, 2016 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwV8XhZJxxM)
- Recent Network coordinator from City of Ljubljana and future coordinator from City of Rijeka participated at meeting of CIVINET Networks, Olomouc, 26 April 2016
- Workshop and round table on co-modality of public (railway passengers) transport and cycling to improve commuting to urban centres and sustainable tourism; Borovnica (Slovenia), 11 May 2016
- Presentation of CIVINET network by coordinator V. Babić during the workshop "Green corridor - Connecting EU and Balkans", held in EU Representation in Zagreb, 23 May 2016
- Seminar and workshop on cycling and health was organised by Regional Environmental Center in cooperation with the Slovenian cycling network, CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia-SEE and the municipality of Kranj, 23 May 2016
- CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia-SEE FORUM on Transport and Global Sustainable Development Goals, combined with a kick-of meeting dedicated to transfer of Network's coordination role from Ljubljana to Rijeka was held in Zagreb on 3 June 2016; Some 70 participants from Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia&Herzegovina and Serbia, representing towns, NGOs, institutes, schools, faculties and companies had a chance to hear about sucessful town projects related to sustainable urban mobility, but also those of NGOs, schools and businesses. Fruitfull discussion was developed around global sustainable goals, in specific goal No. 11 - Sustainable towns and communities
- CIVINET Slo-Cro-SEE was presented by ODRAZ at the Local Government Symposium, organised by Association of Croatian Towns, Rabac, 6 July 2016; the presentation was well accepted by participants and the membership was increased after the meeting - the Network has now more than 100 members
- Marking of EMW 2016, including the presentation of CIVINET Slo-Cro-SEE during the event organised by Croatian Automobile Club on 16 September 2016
- Participation at CIVITAS Forum 2016, September 2016
- Annual Asembly and Round table on SUMPs, 17 February 2017, Maribor, Slovenia. More than 60 participants from Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia&Herzegovina and Serbia had an opportunity to learn more on SUMPs and to visit good examples of City of Maribor susstainable mobility activities. See more: http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/4th-assembly-of-the-civinet-network-and-roundtable-on-planning-of-sustainable-urban-mobility-held-in-maribor
- Participation at European SUMP conference, 29-30 March 2017, Dubrovnik, Croatia. ODRAZ as a Network Secretariat was present with a stall, informing participants about the activities and attracting new members. Many members were present, as well.
- Round table on integrated town planning and SUMPs, 13 April 2017, Zagreb, Croatia. Some 60 participants from Croatia, Bosnia&Herzegovina, Serbia and Slovenia participated at this well organised event. State Secretary for transport greeted the participants and representative of Croatian Ministry of transport gave a presentation. See more: http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/roundtable-on-planning-of-sustainable-urban-mobility-in-cities-successfully-held-in-zagreb
- CIVINET Forum, 9 June 2017, Rijeka, Croatia - Some 70 members of CIVINET Slovenia - Croatia - SEE Network, as well as other actors interested in the topic of sustainable mobility gathered in Rijeka. The topic of the second Forum was "Planning and managing sustainable transport: plans and realizations". The Forum was dedicated to the 11th Global Sustainable Development Goal: sustainable cities and communities, and it was organized by ODRAZ, the Secretariat of the CIVINET and the City of Rijeka as the Network coordinator. See more at: http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/second-civinet-forum-held-in-rijeka
- On 18 September 2017, the Croatian Auto Club and the City of Zagreb organized an expert meeting "Europe on the Move" where the models and aspects of safe and energy-efficient mobility were presented. ODRAZ director Lidija Pavić-Rogošić presented the network for sustainable urban mobility CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia-SEE. See more: http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/odraz-director-at-the-expert-meeting-europe-on-the-move
- Round table on innovation for better mobility, EMW, 19 September 2017, Zagreb,Croatia. See more: http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/panel-discussion-%E2%80%9Einnovations-for-better-mobility-in-the-city%E2%80%9C-held-in-zagreb
- Organisation and participation at meeting of all CIVINET networks, 26 September 2017, Torres Vedras, Portugal
- Participation at CIVITAS Forum, 27-29 September 2017, Torres Vedras, Portugal. See more: http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/odraz-on-the-15th-civinet-forum-in-torres-vedras
- Round table on citizen engagement in mobility issues, 24 October 2017, Zagreb, Croatia. See more at: http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/panel-discussion-%E2%80%9Econsultation-of-citizens-on-traffic-issues-and-mobility%E2%80%9C-held-in-zagreb
- CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia-SEE participated at the 6th International Conference 'Towards a Humane City' held on 26th and 27th October 2017 in Novi Sad. Coordinator of a CIVINET Network Srđan Škunca welcomed the participants of the conference during the introductory session. The new ODRAZ film "With dialogue to better mobility in city areas" was presented at the Plenary Session and at the SUMP Workshop. Before the conference, a meeting of CIVINET's Management board was held. See more at: http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/we-attended-the-6th-international-conference-towards-a-humane-city-in-novi-sad
- Study tour to Ljubljana, 9 and 10 November 2017, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Some 20 members of the Network had an opportunity to learn about sustainable mobility and visit examples of good practices in Ljubljana. See more at: http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/civinet-slovenia-croatia-see-study-visit-to-ljubljana
- Presentation of CIVINET during the REMEDIO project (dealing with SUMPs and involving in its partnership the City of Split) international seminar open to public and local authorities, 23 and 24 November 2017, Split, Croatia
- Annual Asembly and round table, 23 February 2018, Krusevac, Serbia. City of Kruševac hosted 5th Assembly of CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia-SEE. It was an opportunity for gathering of members of some 80 members of the Network - representatives of cities, ministries, faculties, institutes, CSOs, companies and other stakeholders from the field of sustainable transport in Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia. After the Assembly, the roundtable with focus on of sustainable urban mobility planning was held, presenting examples and challenges of SUMPs from Ljubljana, Malmö and Kruševac. Croatian and Slovenian examples of the public bicycle system - Nextbike and BicikeLJ were presented, as well. More at: http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/5th-assembly-of-the-civinet-network-and-roundtable-on-planning-of-sustainable-urban-mobility-held-in-krusevac
Training on design and implementation of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMP) held in Rovinj, Croatia, from 20 to 23 March 2018. Free of charge training course 40 participants were representatives from Croatian and Slovenian cities. Training was organized within CIVITAS Prosperity project by the Croatian and Slovene partners, in cooperation with the CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia-JIE. More at: http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/training-on-the-design-and-implementation-of-sustainable-urban-mobility-plans-sump-held-in-rovinj
- Round table on SUMPS, 29 May 2018, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Some 60 participants from Bosnia and Herzegovina and the region - representatives of cities, faculties, ministries, associations and public and private companies engaged in traffic planning and mobility, had the opportunity to learn about examples of sustainable mobility from Ljubljana and Banja Luka and GIZ plans for the area of South East Europe. http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/the-round-table-on-sustainable-urban-mobility-planning-successfully-held-in-banja-luka
- 3rd CIVINET Forum, 15 June 2018, Varazdin, Croatia. Around 60 members of the CIVINET Slovenia - Croatia - JIE Network gathered, as well as other actors interested in the topic of sustainable mobility. The topic of the Forum was "Sustainable mobility and integrated passenger transport in the function of positive demographic trends". Event was co-organized by Varaždin County http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/third-civinet-forum-successfully-held-in-varazdin
- CIVINET Slo-Cro-SEE actively participated at the final conference on sustainable urban traffic and citizen participation of the MEANING Project, Zagreb, 13 September 2018; CIVINET organised a panel discussion "Innovation for better mobility". http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/civinet-slovenia-croatia-south-east-europe-network-at-the-final-conference-of-the-meaning-project
- Study visit to CIVINET Network, Zagreb, 26 November 2018, 16 representatives of public bodies, CSOs and media from Serbia dealing with environmental protection visited ODRAZ, Secretariat of the Network to learn about the CIVINET. http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/study-visit-to-odraz-and-civinet-network
- Study tour Zagreb and International conference on sustainable urban mobility, 6 December, 2018, organized by ODRAZ as the Secretariat of the CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia-JIE network in cooperation with City of Zagreb, Association of Towns in Croatia and CIVITAS Prosperity project; over 70 participants - traffic experts, representatives of towns, institutes, faculties and relevant associations and companies from different parts of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Serbia participated at the conference. http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/a-conference-on-sustainable-urban-mobility-and-a-study-tour-for-the-members-of-the-civinet-network-successfully-held-in-zagreb
- Plan and combine! Educational workshop on new concepts of spatial - urban planning, Zagreb, 13-14 December 2018, two-days educational workshop on sustainable urban mobility planning in cities focusing on multimodality in spatial planning and urban planning; over 40 participants - students and professors - took part in this event. http://odraz.hr/en/news/odraz-news/plan-and-combine-educational-workshop-on-new-concepts-of-spatial-urban-planning-successfully-held-in-zagreb
Planned activities:
- General Assembly and round table, Tivat, 4 -5 March 2019
- Training SUMP 2,0, Rijeka, April/May 2019
- CIVINET Forum, Kranj, June 2019
Dissemination activities
CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia-SEE E-news
- Dissemination through E-news bulletin, both in Croatian and Slovenian language
- E-news No. 1 - December 2013 to 197 recipients
- E-news No. 2 to No.6 in 2014
- E-news No. 1 to11 / 2015
- E-news No. 1 to 16 / 2016
- E-news No. 1 - 14 / 2017
- E-news No. 1- 9 / 18
- No. of recepients - more than 780, including 35 journalists.
CIVINET Slovenia-Croatia-SEE web and Facebook sites
https://www.facebook.com/CIVINET.Slo.Hr.JIE/?ref=hl with more than 1.700 fans.
Other dissemination activities
- Koprivnica and Ljubljana are included in the CAPITAL's catalogue of pioneer cities, willing to share their experiences
- Updating CIVITAS.EU Web page on CIVINET Slovenia - Croatia - SEE network is ongoing. In order to spread information in Slovenian and Croatian languages, the network own web site is developed http://civinet-slohr.eu/.


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An ideal day-trip from the capital, it's an hour-long, ninety-kilometre train journey south from Oslo to FREDRIKSTAD, a modest little town of around 70,000 people that fills out a thumb of land just across the river from a superbly preserved seventeenth-century fortress, now known as the Gamlebyen (Old Town).
Danish kings ruled Norway from 1387 to 1814 and, with rare exceptions, the country's interests were systematically neglected in favour of Copenhagen. A major consequence was Norway's involvement in the bitter rivalry between the Swedish and Danish monarchies, which prompted a seemingly endless and particularly pointless sequence of wars lasting from the early sixteenth century until 1720. The eastern approaches to Oslo (then Christiania), along the Oslofjord, were especially vulnerable to attack from Sweden, and to thwart the Swedes the Danish king Frederik II had a fortified town built here at the mouth of the River Glomma in 1567, modestly naming it after himself. In the event, Frederik II's fort only lasted three years before it was burnt to the ground, though it didn't take long for a replacement to be constructed – and for the whole process to be repeated again. Finally, in the middle of the seventeenth century, Fredrikstad's fortifications were considerably strengthened: the central gridiron of cobbled streets was encircled on three sides by zigzag bastions, which allowed the defenders to fire across and into any attacking force. In turn, these bastions were protected by a moat, concentric earthen banks and outlying redoubts. Armed with 130 cannon, Fredrikstad was by 1685 the strongest fortress in all of Norway – and it long remained in military use, which partly accounts for its excellent state of preservation. The fort was also unaffected by the development of modern Fredrikstad, which grew up as a result of the timber industry: the new town was built on the west bank of the Glomma while the old fort is on the east. Fredrikstad's other claim to fame is as the place where the last woman to be executed in Norway met her untimely end: the year was 1876 and the woman was a certain Sophie Johannesdatter, who had poisoned her husband.
The Oslofjord
Oslo and the Oslofjord
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