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My dear people of God: As responsible citizens of heaven and citizens of our nation, we must face the forthcoming elections always from the viewpoint of faith and with the mind of the Church enlightened by the values of the Gospel. Our Gift What can the Churchbishops, priests and laity gathered by the Spirit of God contribute to the forthcoming elections? Our best contribution is to PRAY that the Lord of history guide every voter and guide every candidate in the forthcoming exercise of civil responsibility. It is only the Lord who can give us peace during elections. It is only God who can enlighten us in our decision making so that the voice of the people can truly reflect the voice of God. If we cease to be a praying people and lose our link to God, our humanly inspired decisions can only lead to the loss of our soul as a nation. Prayer is the most important untapped resource in nation building often ignored and even ridiculed. The Church must restore the confidence of our citizenry in prayer. Remember EDSA. The Church can also contribute a reverential SILENCE in the forum of public discussion. Silence is the language of God. We must regain our vision to be a contemplative Church and refuse the temptation to be popular and attractive. The silence of contemplation is the only antidote to the insane and ridiculous campaign strategies that we watch. The silence of contemplation is the cure to the disgusting, unreal and chaotic flavour of the election period. The Church can be a prophetic sign of the mystical silence of God in the midst of the cacophony of mud throwing and name calling in campaign platforms. The Church is the CONSCIENCE of society and it must remain so. The beatitudes need to be re-proposed. The Ten Commandments need to be re-injected into the lifeblood of our national conscience. The Catholic social teachings about the promotion of the common good, the challenge of solidarity, the spirituality of stewardship and similar teachings must be taught more vigorously and passionately. The best time to teach these gospel lessons is now as we choose our civil leaders. The Church must be a MOTHER and TEACHER of voters and candidates together. The Church must be a mother and teacher also for all the candidates from opposing political parties. As mother she loves all and refuses no one. As a teacher, she rebukes with love; she corrects with mercy; she guides firmly always celebrating what is right and beautiful among her opposing children. She must be an example of humility in the midst of arrogance. She must be a reminder of the presence of the divine among us.
Our Boundary What must the Churchbishops, priests and laitynot do during this campaign and election period? When the Church ENDORSES CANDIDATES in political elections she always ends up a LOSER. The endorsed candidate may win in the votes but the Church never wins with him. In endorsing candidates, the Bride of Christ the Church tarnishes her spiritual mission with the stain of the mundane. The endorsed candidate might win but religion has been reduced to a political party; religion has been used for political gain and our spiritual mission has been compromised. We will be lonesome widows after the elections for marrying partisan politics during the campaign. The Church must refuse to play with the fire of political power or it risks burning herself. The Church does not win when her endorsed candidate wins. The Church should not be perceived as winning or losing an election. The Church must be beyond such. Paraphrasing the Lord in the Garden of Agony, those who live by the sword will die by the sword. RELIGIONS THAT WALTZ WITH POLITICS WILL DIE BY POLITICS. When elections are PEACEFUL and HONEST, the Church WINS in the elections. When elections are morally credible and losers and winners stay civil and courteous, the Church wins in the elections. When every vote is cast from CONSCIENCE and not from convenience, the Church has truly become the formator of conscience and has shown herself as a mother and teacher faithful and obedient to her Master and Lord. Candidates and voters are children of the Church. Candidates against one another are brothers and sisters in God. The Church must guide and not dictate. The Church must unite and not contribute to the division. The Church must pray and not add to the confusion. The Church must heal and not inflict hurts. The Church must be in the world but not belong to it. Our Guidance How can we your shepherds help you to exercise your civic duty as Catholics? What guidance can the pastors give to the flock entrusted to their care? We your archbishop and priests in Lingayen Dagupan admonish you to examine your candidates diligently in the light of our Catholic faith. We advise you not to vote for the candidates if: 1. The candidate cannot declare a categorical and clear NO to divorce, abortion, euthanasia, total birth control and homosexual marriages or D.E.A.T.H issues. Pro choice is anti life.
2. The candidate has been linked to drug trade, drug possession or drug use or receives money from illegal gambling or has done nothing to stop illegal gambling especially jueteng. Silence is consent. 3. The candidate has been convicted for a criminal offense. Government officials must be honourable. 4. The candidate supports black sand mining or tolerates irresponsible quarrying or illegal fish pens. Nature is our mother; if you can rape your own mother, what else will you not do? 5. The candidate has not done anything until now to uplift the plight of the poor. Performance is better than promises. 6. The candidate is giving money or distributing goods to voters during the campaign period. Vote buying is prostitution. 7. The candidate has been involved or linked to terrorism or the use of goons for self protection within or outside the campaign period. Peace is the only way to peace. 8. The candidate shows off religiosity only during the campaign period or is antagonistic to church teachings and practices. Corruption and hypocrisy are twins. 9. The candidate is unfaithful to his or her spouse and children. Corruption begins at home. 10. The candidate has other members of the immediate family in government positions already. Promoting family welfare and promoting the common good cannot mix. We submit these guidelines to you and plead with you to bring them to prayer. If Jesus would vote, for whom would he vote? Vote like Jesus. If you cannot find Jesus from among the candidates just make sure you do not make Judas or Barabbas win. If you sell your vote, you sell something sacred; you make yourself a cousin of Judas too. Our Prayer May Mary, Mirror of Justice, whom we tenderly venerate in Manaoag as Our Lady of the Rosary, help you to be good disciples of the Lord and patriotic citizens of our country. From the Cathedral of Saint John the Evangelist, Dagupan City, April 14, 2013


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Automatic Headlights on 1999 Chevy S-10 Blazer.
I have a 1999 chevy S-10 Blazer with the automatic headlights. The sensor still turns off the daytime running lights and turns on my taillights and front running lights but the headlights no longer come on. They did come on for a couple of weeks with the tilt steering in the full up position but no longer. Looking for advice.
repairdog Posts: 948Could be the switch itself as its a big self contained switch and sensor with heat sinks on it about $50. Will the headlights work by rotating the dial to force them on? There is a relay under hood. The multifunction switch (turn signals/hi-low beams is in the column and possible the connector is loose or the contacts junk by your post. Again try the dial first.0
Thanks for the reply. I tried the dial-no luck there. As for the sensor, all other nighttime lights come on, including dash lights, and the daytime running lights switch off. I am hoping that tells me the sensor is ok. That leaves the multifunction switch-is this what is called the dimmer switch at the parts store? I have not checked that yet, but plan to this weekend.0
jlflemmons Posts: 2,242Check the headlight bulbs. I drove myself nuts on a problem like this only to find out that both right and left bulbs blew at the same time.0
eugeneiii Posts: 30
This discussion has been closed.

subset: commoncrawl


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I got a car.
I got a car.
I got a car!
Heh, who would have thought.
Just two weeks ago I got into a very heated argument with my father in the car, and like usual when my dad and I are alone in a confined space. I bring of the C word.
Car, not the other word.
Every time I bring of the fact that I am a teenager who is car-less my dad and I enact world war 3 with me crying hysterically and him pretty much saying my car will end up like my siblings past cars (which he paid for most of them), in the car graveyard. That's when the water works start to come because everyone who knows me and my sibling know that I am nothing like them but my dad -who in a way doesn't really know me (language barrier)- cannot believe my promises that I most likely not end up crashing my car like some senseless teenager. What i see is my dad continually stereotyping me for my age as well as my gender. When my older siblings were my age they were the definition for senseless teenager, in fact I can already see their picture with beers in their hands and possibly my douche of a brother praying to the porcelain god wearng smudged up makeup and a mini skirt.
I actually do have a picture that I could lend to Webster.
They partied at clubs when they were still underage as well as drank and considered C's on report cards as the best they could do.
I am nothing like that. But does my dad see that? NO. And can I accept that? NO.
As I have seemed to witness recently I am a strong believer in my rights as a human being, not so much of considering to be a politician because politics disgust me, but to the point that I let my injustice speak, practically sing out of me when I feel rightly wronged, especially if I am passionate about the subject. And I've been waiting for my car for almost two years, I was as passionate as anybody could get.
So I cry because in a way I know my father and he and I share certain aspects of our personality which is stubbornness and at the time I believed my dad would never get me a car.
This is where I felt I was rightly wronged, because my being the total opposite of my siblings also means that I do care about my grades and my future. I never get in trouble at school, I am a freaken homebody who reads for fun, I have never done drugs or drank alcohol and I am still a virgin. Most parents would kill to have their teenager share the same history as me. I do this mostly by choice because admittedly I do sort of put myself on a pedestal and the last person I want to disappoint is myself but I still thought at the time that I deserved a car.
No, wait... not just a car but my freedom. To a teenager cars are not just a piece of metal with a motor and wheels but a passport to freedom which most of the time they do abuse the freedom. Which my dad thought. He knows that all in all besides my occasional hysteria I am a good kid but he thought everything would just go down hill for me if I got behind a wheel and went crazy in the teenage sense. But that was never my plan, car does mean freedom for me, freedom from my parents, my house, my childhood. Except it does also mean I finally get to find a job which leads to having my own money so I can buy what I want and not have to ask my parents for this and that. I also won't have to inconvenience them with my errands. I also need to grow up.
Let's face it, I am going to collage in the very near future (year and a half) and if I am forced to go to a school out of state with no experience of the outside world I am going to fail in life. My parents have me pampered and sheltered and other kinds of verbs and frankly I need to get a reality check because I am not going to be living with them after I graduate. I harbor too many aspirations to resort ending up like my older sister who still lives with us.
I need to grow up!
I also need to be away from my mother whenever she's in one of her moods.
I tell my dad this concluding it all with slamming the front door with a extra hard bang when we finally get home. My dad orders me never to do that and I retort that considering how I feel and his actions concerning my mother whenever he and my mother get mad... I have every right to slam a door.
Finally he says, If you think having a car is going to make everything perfect than I'll get you a car!
Oh, right. I was sick of the argument. You'll get me a car, SOON! And went into my room.
I said soon because this had been the word my dad usually used when discussing the time when I would finally get a car, so I was mocking him the only way I (as nothing like a rebel child) could end the argument with a sort of satisfaction.
But my dad surprised me, the next week my mom called me from her work and said I should start looking for a car because they were going to buy me one.
I started crying again I was so happy.
I guess persistence is key.
My father bought me a dark jade new beetle which I named The Bubble or Kuwaii(Japanese for cute). I guess all the waiting wasn't such a waste because ever since I was a little girl I wanted a new beetle!
Now, homecoming. You know the game, the parade, that dance? I didn't go to my last one sophomore year but when I asked one of my best friends if she might want to go she said, "Sure, it will be fun." This was surprising for me because she was the reason why I didn't go last time because I knew I wouldn't have any fun without her and she hardly cares for dances but she said she would go and I didn't have to convince her like past dances. What was even more surprising was when my other best friend said she would go to. Her parents are pretty strict and they don't like the idea of her near guys at night but she asked (pleaded?) and they eventually gave her permission to go to the dance. It was fun for the most part. I danced like I was alone with the door closed, minus a few booty shakes because I didn't want any guys staring, and had a good time with my two best friends I was called beautiful by two of my guy friends and I surprised my ex best friend with me dance moves.
Though eventually I did get stabbed in the toe which left me handicapped for the rest of the night (Long story with me cursing my own heels and yelling "Shit!" on the dance floor. During the time I was sitting at one of the tables with my friends the song "You're Hot and You're Cold" by Katy Perry came on and I started singing to it because this song reminded me of my crush from my last entry (boy who walked away).
And now here's the evidence that the universe likes to see me suffer.
Right when I started to sing along to Katy Perry I see my long lived crush for the first time that whole night.
At least for what I could see he didn't have a date but just to get on the universe's nerves I continued to sing up and loud to Katy Perry's words until by the end of the song, he disappeared. Admittedly, I didn't care if he heard me sing along to the song (it's weird with us, he has no problem with grabing my hand in the midst of comparing to his friends these two books our reading group's book and another reading group's book. With one of his hands holding the smaller book and the other holding my hand which is holding the bigger book. When he did this I was frozen stiff, he was so close if I had turn my head and tilted my head just a few centimeters forward I could have kissed him but instead i pulled my hands away from my edition of the novel and let him hold it to compare the size of the two. I didn't want him to touch me). For all I was concerned he could have not have existed. You see, for over the past few weeks I have been focusing most of my attention on this one guy (the same guy I mentioned in one of my past posts) and pretty much I have been trying me hardest to put forth my feeling on him than on the boy who walked away. In a way I am not solving anything with shifting my feelings onto a new guy (well not so much new I've liked him foe a while) but right now... what can I do. I'm starting to talk to this guy and I think I have a chance with him if we get to know one another better. Who knows...
After Homecoming my friends and I all convinced my parents to find the nearest burger place so we could get something to eat because our school was too cheap to get anything to eat for the dance besides a water cooler and we were starving. All night, in the back of my mind I couldn't once stop thinking about food.
Hey, I only had a freaken lean pocket after I woke up that day. Could anybody really blame me?
Saturday, October 9, 2010
I got a car.
Posted by missunderstood33 at 2:30 PM 0 comments


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Created kind
Created kinds are organisms that are defined by creation biology as sharing a common ancestry. The phrase refers to the Genesis account of the creation week during which God created many kinds of plants and animals. They are also referred to as "original kinds," "Genesis kinds," and more formally by creation scientists as baramin, a term coined in 1941 by Frank Marsh from the Hebrew words ברוֹא, bara (create) and מִין, min (kind). The study of baramin (known as Baraminology) is a rapidly growing field of creation science involved with the identification of the created kinds.[1]
- 1 History of the Concept
- 2 Diversification of Kinds
- 3 Boundaries Between Kinds
- 4 Identification
- 5 Other Biblical References
- 6 References
- 7 External Links
History of the Concept
The concept of the "created kind" originates from the biblical book of Genesis where it is first mentioned in chapter 1.
"The earth brought forth vegetation, plants yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit with seed in them, after their kind; and God saw that it was good. There was evening and there was morning, a third day... Then God said, 'Let the waters teem with swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth in the open expanse of the heavens.' God created the great sea monsters and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarmed after their kind, and every winged bird after its kind; and God saw that it was good. God blessed them, saying, 'Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.' There was evening and there was morning, a fifth day. Then God said, 'Let the earth bring forth living creatures after their kind: cattle and creeping things and beasts of the earth after their kind'; and it was so." Genesis 1:12-24
In contrast to the evolutionary principle of common ancestry, creation biologists argue that organisms were created in a finite number of discrete forms as described in the Bible, which subsequently diversified through speciation and microevolution. There is much uncertainty about what exactly the Bible means when it talks of "kinds". The original Hebrew word min is used to describe a variety of groups of organisms. Nevertheless, creationists are in agreement that the phrase refers to a distinct barrier between different types or organisms and a limitation on variation.
In The Genesis Record (1976), Henry Morris states:
|It is significant that the phrase "after his kind" occurs ten times in the first chapter of Genesis. Whatever precisely is meant by the term "kind" (Hebrew min), it does indicate the limitations of variation. Each organism was to reproduce after its own kind, not after some other kind.[2]
Early creationists used the word "species" (Latin for "kind") for the concept of "created kind" referred to in the Bible. The concept of "fixity of species" persisted in the minds of scientists and laymen for some time, despite the narrower definition of species later adopted, as illustrated when Henry Morris continues:
|It will probably be found eventually that the min [Hebrew word for kind] often is identical to the "species," sometimes the "genus," and possibly once in a while with the "family".[2]
Theologian Russell Mixter comments on this early view:
|One should not insist that "kind" means species. The word "kind" as used in the Bible may apply to any animal which may be distinguished in any way from another, or it may be applied to a large group of species distinguishable from another group ... there is plenty of room for differences of opinion on what are the kinds of Genesis.[3]
Due to an improved understanding of speciation, it is now widely recognized by creationists that the process has been a regular part of the development of the created kinds. In contrast to the earlier views, today most creation scientists see the trend opposite to what Morris predicted: equating the "family" level as most often identical to the kinds of the Bible, sometimes the "genus," and only once in a while the "species".
In 1941, creation biologist Frank L. Marsh proposed that the Biblical created kind could be defined in terms of reproduction. He argued that two creatures which can successfully mate must have descended from the same kind. This idea has been adopted to support the practice of baraminology, the attempt to identify the created kinds.[1] The few creationists who work in baraminology have attempted to derive a consistent set of rules for establishing when this criteria is met. Microbiologist and creationist Siegfried Scherer refined the criteria to state that if two creatures can hybridize with the same third creature, they are all members of the same "basic type". Thus all members of a ring species would be members of the same kind. Scherer also updated Marsh's explanation of true fertilization:
|Two individuals belong to the same basic type if embryogenesis of a hybrid continues beyond the maternal phase, including subsequent co-ordinated expression of both maternal and paternal morphogenetic genes.
Assigning the kinds to a particular level of the modern taxonomic hierarchy has proved problematic, as evolutionary assumptions have influenced the classification system. As a result, the kinds do not coincide on a consistent basis with any particular taxonomy level. Nevertheless, today most creation scientists identify the family level of classification (such as Felidae) as most frequently synonymous with the baramin, whereas for others like humans it coincides with the genus level (homo).
Diversification of Kinds
The created kind is based upon an idea that organisms were created with the innate ability to vary a great deal, and evolutionary processes are merely the means by which that genetic information is expressed.
|Each of the original kinds was created with a vast amount of information. God made sure that the original creatures had enough variety in their genetic information so that their descendants could adapt to a wide variety of environments.[4]
The creationary phylogenetic tree is similar in form and function to the evolutionary tree, but bears two important differences.
- First, while the evolutionary tree traces life back to a single cell, the creation biology tree traces life back to a number of unrelated populations that roughly resembled the forms of life today. The evolutionary model is single monophyletic tree, whereas the creation model contains many polypheletic trees. Those who tend to support a polyphetlic origin of life are often called pattern pluralists.[5]
- Second, while the evolutionary tree credits evolutionary change to an increase in genetic diversity from simpler to more complex organisms, the creation biology tree credits small mutational change to the rearrangement and expression of genetic variation that was "built in" to the original kinds;
Many creationists believe that change within a population is accomplished only through the rearrangement of preexisting information or the degradation of the created genome.[6] Others assert that organisms were designed with a molecular machinery capable of editing genes, adding new alleles to the population, which generates diversity.[7] It is generally agreed upon that natural selection, reproductive isolation (speciation), and genetic drift are effective in leading to the formation of populations that are highly adapted to their environment. Speciation and genetic drift is believed to have occurred at high frequencies during the dispersion immediately after the global flood.
|The biblical creation/Fall/Flood/migration model would also predict rapid formation of new varieties and even species. This is because all the modern varieties of land vertebrates must have descended from comparatively few animals that disembarked from the ark only around 4,500 years ago. In contrast, Darwin thought that this process would normally take eons. It turns out that the very evidence claimed by evolutionists to support their theory supports the biblical model.[8]
Selection is used to explain the diversification of distinct species by both creationists and evolutionists. Imagine a small gene pool in which there are genes for both blue and brown eyes evenly spread throughout the population. In such a situation, some people will be born with brown eyes, and other people will be born with blue eyes. However, if part of the population separates from the main group, and the smaller population has only the gene for brown eyes, then the descendants of that smaller population will have only brown eyes. The characteristic for brown eyes has become "set" in the isolated population.
Many creationists believe that the formation of the races was also a result of this process. The population on board the ark is believed to have been a hybrid population containing the genetic characteristics of all the races. When the population spread over the Earth after the flood, gene pools became isolated and began to adapt differentially to the regions into which they settled.[9] For example, skin color became lightened by natural selection, so that northern populations developed lighter skin in order to produce vitamin D in more sun-deprived areas, while equatorial populations developed darker skin to protect them from the harmful effects of the sun. As a result of the population isolation, the racial characteristics became "set" in the respective populations, resulting in the characteristic races observable today.
Boundaries Between Kinds
Most of the controversy regarding created kinds revolves around the asserted boundaries between the kinds -- the position that the kinds are unrelated. Those challenging creation biology often ask what basis creation biologists have for asserting that such boundaries exist, or for determining what those boundaries are.
The project of determining the precise boundaries between the kinds is not easy, because it is in essence a historical project, in which the evidence is strictly limited by the evidence available today. This problem is analogous to the problems in constructing phylogenetic trees, where evolutionary biologists struggle to determine which criteria should be used in determining how life is related.
Creationists generally assert that conclusions about common ancestry should only be drawn if there is substantial evidence to support the conclusion. That is, one should not presume that forms of life are related, but should hold that position only if there is solid reason to do so.
In the absence of the ability to directly observe life in its original form, classification of kinds generally revolves around reproductive compatibility -- that is, created kinds are generally seen as having common descent if they are reproductively compatible. Thus, humans and frogs are considered to be different kinds because they are not reproductively compatible at all, while the African and European races are considered to be clearly of the same kind, because they are totally reproductively compatible.
The classification is more difficult when reproductive compatibility is partial, as in the case of the mule, a hybrid of the horse and the donkey which, although viable, is not fertile. While it is possible that the two species descend from a common ancestor due to their reproductive compatibility, it is also possible that they do not, but were created separately with reproductive systems similar enough to create viable offspring, but not similar enough to create fertile offspring.
Other criteria for common ancestry are rejected. The mere fact that organisms are alive is not seen as evidence of common ancestry, because there is no evidence available to refute the possibility that life originated in several unrelated forms. Genetic and physiological similarities are not seen as evidence of common ancestry, because there is no evidence available to refute the possibility that the genetic similarities are a result of a similar design being used on different "kinds."
Since 2001, creation biologists at the Baraminology Study Group have been developing a new method for demarcating created kinds. The new method involves the application of morphological character data to create a "biological character space," which can then be used to determine continuity and discontinuity between species, and ultimately to determine "biological trajectories." Creation scientists generally recognize that kinds are a form of clade since created kinds refer to common ancestry. Baraminology, or the effort to classify life according to the created kinds, is thus the creationist equivalent of cladistics.
"'Keep my decrees. Do not mate different kinds of animals. Do not plant your field with two kinds of seed. Do not wear clothing woven of two kinds of material.'" - Leviticus 19:19
Endogenous Retroviruses
Recent genetic study[10] has revealed that Endogenous Retroviruses (ERVs) have the capacity to attach to RNA at certain sites within a kind. If ERVs attach in gametic cells, the viral genetic material can then be passed on to the next generation. Some sites are shared between kinds. For example, apes may have ERVs that share a site with humans. Evolutionists claim that the given site was populated in the ape-kind and appears in the human-kind by heredity. This would make sense, except there are many sites in apes not occupied in humans, and vice versa. Since the sites are common locations for ERVs to attach, another explanation is that they simply arrived independently.
A more interesting observation about ERVs is that a "kind" will share common ERVs on common sites in the RNA, but another kind will have different ERVs on different sites entirely. For example, housecats and lions share the same ERVs on the same sites, but their ERVs are not the same as those on an ape, nor at the same sites. This has led some to speculate that ERVs could be an independently observable arbiter of the boundaries between kinds.
In the end, much of the hype about ERVs has some creationists unnecessarily in a tumult. Many of the claims about ERVs are not backed up by empirical evidence.[11] For example, the process of ERV integration into a host genome has never been observed, and many claimed ERV sequences have been found to have important roles in placenta formation and gene regulation in mammals.[11] Before answering on the subject, one should do more investigation on the facts, which will make it easier to debunk, or at least find flaws in evolutionary claims.
- Main Article: Baraminology
To understand the true history of life on Earth, it is important that creation biologists identify the organisms that were created in the beginning. It is generally assumed that the "created kind" is analogous to the taxonomic Family, although numerous exceptions certainly exist. A canonical list of kinds has not been constructed and identifications are extremely provisional (with the exception of humans, on which there is a strong creationist consensus). Baraminologists draw upon several sources of information to identify the created kinds, which include scriptural accounts, hybridization data, and the fossil record.
It is very important not to confuse the "created kind" with the modern use of the word species. Although animals like the fox and coyote might be considered different taxonomic species, they are still parts of the same "kind" of animal. The created kind is thought to be more often synonymous with the "Family" level of classification in the taxonomic hierarchy; at least in mammals; and occasionally it can extend as high as the order level. Here are some examples:
- Felidae — Scientists from Creation Ministries International and the Institute for Creation Research have proposed that the original feline kind was comparable to the Liger and the Tigon.
- Canidae — Including Wolves, Foxes, Jackals, Coyotes, and Domestic dogs.
- Camelidae — Including both the Camel and the Llama, which are reproductively compatible, their hybrid offspring being known as "Camas."
- Bovidae — Including Cattle, Buffalo, Bison, and Yaks.
- Equidae — Including Horses, Zebras, and Asses.
- Caprinae — Including Sheep, Goats, and Ibex.
- Crocodilia — Including all the varieties of Alligators, Crocodiles, and Gharials.
- Elephantidae — Including African and Asian elephants, Mammoths, Mastodons, and Gomphotheres.
Thus the created kind corresponds roughly to the family level of taxonomic classification, and possibly even the order, with the notable exception of humanity wherein the genus is representative.[12]
- Humanity — Dr. Sigrid Hartwig-Scherer of the University of Munich concluded that H. erectus/H. ergaster, Neanderthals and H. sapiens were members of the same basic type (which corresponds to a monobaramin) genus Homo.
Hybridization Data
Creationists view sexual compatibility to be one of the best physical indicators that organism belong to the same baramin (created kind).[13] This is largely based on the observations that compatibility diminishes over time in related species due to genetic drift. The Bible also states that God created organisms with seed in it, according to their various kinds. Therefore, the ability of genetically dissimilar species to mate successfully would seem to indicate that they are related. A hybrid is the progeny that results from such a mating.
Hybridization especially refers to human breeding of plants or animals of different breeds or species, although wild varieties are recognized. Hybrid plants are created when the pollen from one kind of plant is used to pollinate an entirely different variety, resulting in a new plant. This type of crossbreeding shows that the created kind is broader than the species designation, and often synonymous with the family level of taxonomic classification.
To aid in the identification of baramins, a database of known cases of interspecies reproduction is needed. To meet this need, Ashley Robinson and Todd Wood started an Internet-accessible database of published references to such interspecific hybrids. This important creation science research tool is called the HybriDatabase.[14] The database is hosted and maintained by the Center for Origins Research (CORE) at Bryan College; it currently contains nearly 5000 hybridization records.
Examples of hybrids:
- The Mule—a cross between a horse and a donkey.
- The Liger—a cross between a lion and a tiger.
- Kekaimalu the Wholphin is a fertile hybrid of two different genera, the False killer whale and Bottlenose dolphin. Kekaimalu herself gave birth to a calf, showing she was a fertile hybrid. Thus, these creatures classified as different genera are really a single polytypic (many-type) baramin.
- Bos (true cattle) and Bison (American buffalo) can produce a fertile hybrid called a Cattalo. Bos and Bison are thus likewise the same polytypic baramin, although they classified as different genera.
- Brassica and Raphanus are different plant genera which hybridize to what has been given a new generic name Raphanobrassica.
- The creationist Don Batten helped create a hybrid of the fruit species lychee (Litchi chinensis) and longan (Dimocarpus longana), again from different genera.
Fossil Record
To identify whether a particular variety was created or evolved, baraminologists compare living organisms with those visible in the fossil record (which creationists interpret as having mostly been laid down during the flood). Creationists recognize that organisms change dramatically over time, and many new species have developed since the creation. However, it is also viewed as improbable that any specific variety would have evolved independently before and also after the great deluge. Therefore, it is believed to be assumable that any organism alive today, which has obvious ancestors in the fossil record, is a created kind.
Biblical References
Unfortunately, the descriptions of the kinds of plants and animals formed during the creation week are very general, and provide no specific definitions that would help with the identification of created kinds.
"Then God said, 'Let the waters below the heavens be gathered into one place, and let the dry land appear'; and it was so. God called the dry land earth, and the gathering of the waters He called seas; and God saw that it was good. Then God said, 'Let the earth sprout vegetation, plants yielding seed, and fruit trees on the earth bearing fruit after their kind with seed in them'; and it was so. The earth brought forth vegetation, plants yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit with seed in them, after their kind; and God saw that it was good. There was evening and there was morning, a third day." - Genesis 1:9-13
"Then God said, 'Let the waters teem with swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth in the open expanse of the heavens.' God created the great sea monsters and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarmed after their kind, and every winged bird after its kind; and God saw that it was good. God blessed them, saying, 'Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.' There was evening and there was morning, a fifth day." - Genesis 1:20-23
"Then God said, 'Let the earth bring forth living creatures after their kind: cattle and creeping things and beasts of the earth after their kind'; and it was so. God made the beasts of the earth after their kind, and the cattle after their kind, and everything that creeps on the ground after its kind; and God saw that it was good. Then God said, 'Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; and let them rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over the cattle and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.' God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them. God blessed them; and God said to them, 'Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth, and subdue it; and rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over every living thing that moves on the earth.' Then God said, 'Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is on the surface of all the earth, and every tree which has fruit yielding seed; it shall be food for you; and to every beast of the earth and to every bird of the sky and to every thing that moves on the earth which has life, I have given every green plant for food'; and it was so. God saw all that He had made, and behold, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day." - Genesis 1:24-31
Summary of the original kinds detailed in the creation account found within Genesis 1 .
- Many kinds of plants bearing fruit;
- Many kinds of trees bearing fruit;
- Many kinds of great sea creatures;
- Many kinds of sessile and mobile aquatic organisms;
- Many kinds of birds;
- Many kinds of livestock;
- Many kinds of insects, and;
- Many kinds of wild animals.
The Flood
Additional references to kinds are present during the description of the global flood, but again these statements are so general as to provide no specific definitions. We can only be sure that a great many species from each broad category of animal were present on board the ark. For example we know that there were many birds due to the statement "every bird of every sort". However, we can not be certain certain God created just one species of birds like the "bird of prey", or several different species. Likewise were there many water fowl created or just one? Animals can change so dramatically through time that making such determination is exceedingly difficult. If only Noah had provided modern baraminologists with a complete manifest!
"On the very same day Noah and Shem and Ham and Japheth, the sons of Noah, and Noah's wife and the three wives of his sons with them, entered the ark, they and every beast after its kind, and all the cattle after their kind, and every creeping thing that creeps on the earth after its kind, and every bird after its kind, all sorts of birds. So they went into the ark to Noah, by twos of all flesh in which was the breath of life. Those that entered, male and female of all flesh, entered as God had commanded him; and the LORD closed it behind him." - Genesis 7:13-16
The only specific mentions at the time of the flood are to the dove and raven, which Noah used to test whether the earth had dried sufficiently. From this reference we can sufficiently conclude that there were indeed a great many birds on board the ark.
"Then it came about at the end of forty days, that Noah opened the window of the ark which he had made; and he sent out a raven, and it flew here and there until the water was dried up from the earth. Then he sent out a dove from him, to see if the water was abated from the face of the land; but the dove found no resting place for the sole of her foot, so she returned to him into the ark, for the water was on the surface of all the earth. Then he put out his hand and took her, and brought her into the ark to himself." - Genesis 8:6-9
Other Biblical References
There are other mentions of plants and animals in the Old and New Testaments, but caution should be given to accepting these as baramin. Given the rapidity with which speciation and diversification can occur, it is possible that many of the animals listed elsewhere in the Bible have developed since the global flood. For example the list of clean and unclean animals in Deuteronomy 14 contains references to the red and black kite, which should probably be viewed as belonging to the same baramin (created kind). It also lists several species of owls including the desert owl, which has arguably adapted to conditions that did not exist before the flood.
"You shall not eat any detestable thing. These are the animals which you may eat: the ox, the sheep, the goat, the deer, the gazelle, the roebuck, the wild goat, the ibex, the antelope and the mountain sheep. Any animal that divides the hoof and has the hoof split in two and chews the cud, among the animals, that you may eat. Nevertheless, you are not to eat of these among those which chew the cud, or among those that divide the hoof in two: the camel and the rabbit and the shaphan, for though they chew the cud, they do not divide the hoof; they are unclean for you. The pig, because it divides the hoof but does not chew the cud, it is unclean for you. You shall not eat any of their flesh nor touch their carcasses. These you may eat of all that are in water: anything that has fins and scales you may eat, but anything that does not have fins and scales you shall not eat; it is unclean for you. You may eat any clean bird. But these are the ones which you shall not eat: the eagle and the vulture and the buzzard, and the red kite, the falcon, and the kite in their kinds, and every raven in its kind, and the ostrich, the owl, the sea gull, and the hawk in their kinds, the little owl, the great owl, the white owl, the pelican, the carrion vulture, the cormorant, the stork, and the heron in their kinds, and the hoopoe and the bat. And all the teeming life with wings are unclean to you; they shall not be eaten. You may eat any clean bird." - Deuteronomy 14:3-20
Broad Biblical Categories
An analysis of the Biblical references to plants and animals reveals broad categories that should not be confused with the Biblical kind - as used by creation biologists. When comparing the three primary sources, the Genesis 1 account of Creation (a good framework), and the two Mosaic Law chapters about clean and unclean foods (which shows how distinctions are made within these categories and names specific families within) in Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14 . These references reveal two broad categories of plants, and eight categories of life. The names provided below are the original Hebrew words used in Genesis 1, because there can be controversy over what the correct English translation for these words should be. Links are provided to Strong's definitions for these words for ease of examining how they are used throughout the Bible.
Genesis 1:11-12 provides 2 definite categories of plants. A third possible type may be mentioned, Deshe (KJV grass), but may just be a generic term for plants used to describe the following 2, especially since the word Miyn (KJV kind) is not clearly used of it.
- 'Eseb Zara' Zera' ("Seed-Sowing Plant") - Three Hebrew words are used, 'Eseb meaning plant (KJV herb or grass), Zara' meaning to sow (KJV sow), and Zera' meaning seed (KJV seed), thus Seed-Sowing Plant. It was created the 3rd day of creation. (Genesis 1:11-12 )
- Periy 'Ets ("Fruit Tree") - The Hebrew words used are Periy meaning fruit and 'Ets meaning Tree. It is specifically said to have seed within itself. It was created the 3rd day of creation. (Genesis 1:11-12 )
Concerning other life, the following categories are provided in Genesis 1:20-30 :
- Mayim Sherets ("Marine Creeping Things") - The Hebrew word Sherets is often translated creeping thing, and is used with another Hebrew word Mayim meaning waters, thus effectively referring to small marine life. It is the first creation mentioned in Genesis 1 and was made the 5th day of creation (thus involving marine life). (Genesis 1:20 ) In Leviticus 11:10 the marine creeping things were specifically said to be everything without fins and scales in the seas and rivers.
- 'Owph ("Flying Creatures") - This Hebrew word is often translated "fowl" by the KJV but simply refers to flying creatures, both birds and insects, and appears the best defined of the Biblical families. They are the second creation mentioned in Genesis 1 and were made the 5th day. (Genesis 1:20-30 ) Specific bird families mentioned include nesher (KJV eagles), perec (KJV ossifrage), 'ozniyah (KJV ospray), da'ah (KJV vulture), 'ayah (KJV kite), 'oreb (KJV raven), bath ya'anah (KJV owl), tachmac (KJV night hawk), shachaph (KJV cuckow), nets (KJV hawk), kowc (KJV little owl), shalak (KJV cormorant), dayah (KJV vulture), yanshuwph (KJV great owl), tanshemeth (KJV swan), qa'ath (KJV pelican), ra'ah (KJV glede), racham (KJV gier eagle), chaciydah (KJV stork), 'anaphah (KJV heron), duwkiyphath (KJV lapwing), and 'atalleph (KJV bat). (Leviticus 11:13-19 , Deuteronomy 14:11-21 )
- 'Owph Sherets ("Flying Creeping Things"), i.e. insects, were apparently a subgroup within 'Owph. Specific families named included 'arbeh (KJV locusts), col'am (KJV bald locusts), chargol (KJV beetles), and chagab (KJV grasshoppers). Insects were divided into two groups, one okay for eating (Clean), and one not okay (Unclean), with the difference those which had 4 legs as opposed to a different number. (Leviticus 11:21-25 )
- Gadowl Tanniyn ("Huge Dragons") - Two Hebrew words are used here, Gadowl meaning "Huge" and Tanniyn, a word of uncertain origin usually translated "Dragon" by the KJV (21 times) and otherwise translated "Serpent" (3 times), "Whale" (3 times), or "Sea Monster (1 time). In Genesis 1 the two words are translated "Great Whales". It appears to involve some kind of huge reptiles of uncertain origin, probably dinosaurs. It is the 3rd creation mentioned in Genesis 1 and was created the 5th day. (Genesis 1:21 ) A specific family is the livyathan (KJV leviathan, also called piercing serpent - Isaiah 13:22), a deep-sea-dwelling, fire-breathing, nearly invulnerable creature with air-tight scales mentioned in Job 41 and Isaiah 27:1 said to play with ships (Psalms 104:26 ), that was destroyed by God and given as food to those in the wilderness. (Psalms 74:13-14 ).
- Mayim Chay ("Marine Life") - Chay is often translated "life", whereas Mayim refers to waters, thus Marine Life. It appears a major category for fish and larger marine life. It is the 4th creation mentioned in Genesis 1 and was created the 5th day. (Genesis 1:21-22 ) It appears grouped together with 3 of the 4 previously mentioned categories (minus 'Owph) as Dagah Yam (KJV fish of the sea) later in the chapter. (Genesis 1:26-28 ) They appear to be defined as having fins and scales in Leviticus 11:9 and Deuteronomy 14:9-10 .
- 'Erets Chay ("Earth Life") - Two Hebrew words are used here, Chay often translated "life" by the KJV, and 'Erets meaning Earth, in other words, Earth Life (KJV beasts of the earth). They are the 5th creation mentioned and were created the 6th day. (Genesis 1:24-30 ) They were mentioned twice in v. 24 and thus may include two primary kinds. They appear to have been divided by those which went on their paws on all fours, and those which did not. (Leviticus 11:27-28 )
- Behemah ("Cattle") - The Hebrew word is always translated by the KJV as "beast" or "cattle" and appears to involve the idea of cattle. They are the 6th creation mentioned and were created the 6th day. (Genesis 1:24-26 ) They were defined in two groups, those with parted hooves/cloved feet and chewed the cud, and those which did not. (Leviticus 11:4 , Deuteronomy 14:6-7 ) Specific families appear to include chamowr (KJV ass), showr (KJV ox), seh (KJV sheep), gamal (KJV camel), te'ow (KJV wild ox), 'ez (KJV goat), 'ayal (KJV hart), tsebiy (KJV roebuck), yachmuwr (KJV fallow deer), 'aqqow (KJV wild goat), zemer (KJV chamois), shaphan (KJV coney), 'arnebath (KJV hare), diyshon (KJV pygarg), and chaziyr (KJV swine). (Exodus 22:10 , Leviticus 11:4-8 , Deuteronomy 14:4-8 )
- Remes ("Reptiles") - Remes is usually translated "creeping thing" by the KJV, and the word appears to mean Reptile or Lizard. It doesn't appear to involve insects, which are mentioned instead as Owph in Leviticus 11:20-23. This is the 7th creation of Genesis 1 and was created the 6th day. (Genesis 1:24-26 ) It appears to be also described as Sherets 'Erets in (Leviticus 11:29 ), in describing creeping things of the earth, with specific families said to be 'akbar (KJV mice), tsab (KJV tortoise), 'anaqah (KJV ferret), koach (KJV chameleon), leta'ah (KJV lizard), chomet (KJV snail), and tanshemeth (KJV mole). (Leviticus 11:29-35 ).
- 'Adam ("Man") - Meaning humans. They were the 8th and last of God's creations made in Genesis 1, and were created on the 6th day of creation; designated as caretakers of the other creations. (Genesis 1:26-30 )
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Baraminology—Classification of Created Organisms By Wayne Frair. Creation Research Society Quarterly 37(2), pp.82-91. Sept. 2000.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Morris, H., The Genesis Record, Grand Rapids MI: Baker Books, 1976. p63.
- ↑ The Concept of "Kinds" In Scyipture* [sic] by J. Barton Payne. Journal of American Scientific Affiliation 10:17-20. December 1958.
- ↑ Sarfati, Jonathan. Refuting Evolution 2 Chapter 4 - Argument: Natural selection leads to speciation. Greenforest AR: Master Books, 2002. (p77)
- ↑ Doolittle WF and Bapteste E. "Pattern pluralism and the Tree of Life hypothesis." Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 104(7):2043-2049, January 29, 2007. doi:10.1073/pnas.0610699104 Accessed October 16, 2008.
- ↑ Sarfati, p56
- ↑ Genetic Variability by Design by Chris Ashcraft. Journal of Creation 18(2) 2004.
- ↑ Sarfati, p79.
- ↑ Sarfati, p81
- ↑ http://www.creationliberty.com/articles/erv.php
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Tomkins, Jeffrey P. (2015). Viral Genome Junk is Bunk. Acts & Facts. 44(4)
- ↑ Mammoth—riddle of the Ice Age by Jonathan Sarfati. Creation 22(2):10–15, March 2000.
- ↑ Sarfati, p77-78
- ↑ HybriDatabase Center for Origins Research, Bryan College.
- Ligers and wholphins? What next? by Don Batten, Creation ex nihilo 22(3):28–33 June 2000
- Variation, information and the created kind by Dr. Carl Wieland TJ 5(1):42–47 April 1991
- Origins and the "Created Kind" Concept by Trevor Major, M.Sc., M.A. Apologetics Press
- Created kind by Wikipedia
External Links
- Baraminology Study Group (BSG)
- Todd Wood blogspot - Baraminology Scientist
- HybriDatabase
- Center for Origins Research (CORE)
- Phylogeny challenge


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Selena Gomez May Be Deposed in Justin Bieber Case
Selena Gomez may very well have to sit down for her own deposition following Justin Bieber's explosive deposition meeting last week. According to new legal papers obtained by TMZ, the lawyer representing the paparazzo suing the Biebs asked the singer about Gomez because she had witnessed him attacking a photographer back in 2012 and believes that to be relevant to his current case.
Currently, a paparazzo is suing the troubled pop star, claiming that Bieber told his bodyguards to beat up the photographer. And as we all know, the Biebs did not take last week's deposition well, arguing with the prosecuting attorney and getting just a little cray when asked about Gomez. With his lawyer arguing on his behalf, Bieber and his team soon stormed out of the room and took time to cool off before continuing the deposition.
Apparently, sources have claimed that Gomez wants nothing to do with the case (we don't blame her!) but unfortunately there might not be much she can do about it.
Meanwhile, Jelena have been busy spending time together in Texas last week, and the pair were spotted being very affectionate with each other… and, of course, the Biebs even posted an Instagram vid of the two dirty dancing.
We can only imagine his reaction if Gomez ends up having to do the deposition. Yikes!


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CBO: Obamacare to Cover Millions Fewer Than Before Supreme Court Decision
Earlier today, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) released an updated cost estimate for Obamacare that showed that the law will cost less over 10 years… Read More
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In a recent article for MarketWatch, Andrea Coombes writes, "Whatever their opinion of the health-care reform law, wealthy Americans have a lot of money at… Read More
A study released today by Charles Blahous, one of two public trustees of Medicare and Social Security, once again shows that Obamacare increases federal deficits… Read More
Earlier this week, the House Energy and Commerce Health Subcommittee moved legislation forward that would repeal one of the most intrusive and unpopular parts of… Read More
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A Sandwich A Day: Banh Mi Thit Heo Quay (Chinese Roast Pork Belly) at Hing Won
A new sandwich every day.
In this great city of ours, one could eat a different sandwich every day of the year—so that's what we'll do. Here's A Sandwich a Day, our daily look at sandwiches around New York. Got a sandwich we should check out? Let us know. —The Mgmt.
We've eaten plenty of banh mi at Serious Eats, but never before have we tried one from a Chinese restaurant—except at Hing Won in Midtown (previously: their roast duck sandwich). Prepared in a tiny nook beside the familiar multicolored buffet spread, the Banh Mi Thit Heo Quay ($6.45) features the standard toppings of pickled carrot and daikon, cucumber, cilantro, and jalapeño along with sweet and salty Chinese roast pork belly on a baguette.
The pork filling is pleasantly fatty, and features a bunch of crispy bits that mingle nicely with the heavy slather of mayo. Although the bread resembles a deli hero more than the traditional light rice flour baguette, it's got a nice crunch and doesn't dwarf the insides as some hero rolls tend to do. While it's neither conventional nor revelatory, Hing Won's banh mi is a solid choice in a neighborhood lacking in reliable lunch spots.
Hing Won
48 West 48th St. b/w 5th and 6th Ave. New York, NY 10020 (map) 212-719-1451
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"Section 410-56(f)(3) is violated. Receptacles mounted to, and supported by a cover raised or flat, such as shown in your photo, are required to be secured by more than one screw. Only one screw was used in the installation shown. This makes the reason for the rule obvious.
Also, there is no indication that the cover was listed, or identified for securing the receptacles with only one screw."
P.S.: Joe, I see no problem with the position of the grounding terminals being different, since there never was, or ever will be a rule in the National Electrical Code requiring consistency "Up or Down."
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MOMO Team Steering Wheel and Hub Kit for Alfa Romeo MiTo
A unique design combining the finest leather and airleather materials, the MOMO Team is a stand out wheel. Featuring a sculpted grip, black spokes, matching black MOMO Italy horn button and contrasting yellow MOMO logo on the centre spoke, the Team is a fantastic steering wheel achieving true beauty through its simplicity of design.Specification
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Actual rating will vary with options, driving conditions, habits and vehicle condition.
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Unless you have a crystal ball, predicting spring weather with any certainty is extremely challenging. While the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has called for above-normal temperatures in the coming days, a system in the western U.S. could bring rain that delays planting.
Nonetheless, experts say producers can lock in good value on corn and soybeans by marketing the crop strategically.
"We've got corn back over $5, beans are making new contract highs on front month," notes Mike Hogan, Stewart-Peterson. "If you happen to have some of those left over, new crop's moving about 30% with that. This is a good time for farmers to really start pushing that pencil to the paper when, just a few months ago, gosh, how am I going to make a buck? I think that ability is there now. It's really a key time for farmers to look at that."
While it doesn't make sense to spend a lot of time on short-term weather markets for producers who have a long-term outlook, there is still value to capturing value now.
"Last year, we managed to plant over 43% of the crop in the last part of May," explains Angie Maguire, Citizens LLC. "No, it wasn't perfect, but if we do get a window we will go. When it comes down to it, have some sales on in these levels. If you can on new crop, I think it makes sense. Take some of that risk off the table. Then you have open orders in place. The volatility that comes from weather markets gives you an opportunity where one day you may see it come in, wake up in the morning, corn market's up 15 cents. By the time you come back in for lunch, it's down 15. If you have those orders in place and corn futures hit $5.25 on the December board, it doesn't matter if you're sleeping or if you're in the middle of a field somewhere, you just sold yourself some corn at a good value."
With experts projecting significant soybean acreage, producers can see profitable returns with that crop as well.
"When prices were at the lower end of it, we did a little bit of pre-hedging. Buy some calls ahead of time. That way, right now when new crop beans especially have popped up there with some of their bearish scenarios for new crop coming out, a lot of farmers have $12.40 calls bought and they're able to make $12.40 cash sales at this point in time. That's a very, very comfortable position to be in right now."
Click the play button below to watch the complete Market Roundtable discussion on U.S. Farm Report beginning at about the 7:30-minute mark:
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Range Showdown Draws Armed Supporters to Nevada
Market Snapshot, Noon CT (VIP) -- April 21, 2014


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Truly new Corvette engines only come along once in a great while, chiefly because each basic design is so good to begin with. The original small-block Chevy architecture survived, largely unchanged, from 1955 through 1996, while various members of the advanced LS engine family powered the brand's flagship sports car from 1997 through 2013.
Clearly, then, it takes a special mill to get the nod for Corvette duty, and the Stingray's new LT1—with its direct injection, Active Fuel Management, and 460-horsepower output rating—is no exception.
To find out what makes this next-generation Vette motor run, we spoke with Small Block Chief Engineer Jordan Lee. In the discussion that followed, Lee touched on topics ranging from efficiency and performance to the future of Corvette engine technology.
Even though the Stingray uses an all-new "Gen V" engine design, you retained the LS3's 6.2L displacement. Is there something special about that engine size?
We're very scientific when we pick our displacements, just as we were with Gen IV. We do that based on the bore size we need, the power targets we're looking for, and the torque we need for driveability. All of our analysis work showed that 6.2 [liters] really is an ideal displacement.
The other thing that's really important is that, now that we have Active Fuel Management, we wanted to make sure that we had a lot of torque in four-cylinder mode. The engine will stay in that mode until the torque request you make with your right foot exceeds its ability to provide it. The LT1 makes about 230 foot-pounds of torque in four-cylinder mode, which allows you to cruise at 80 mph on the highway.
Did you have any specific performance or efficiency bogeys—a minimum horsepower or highway-mpg number, for example—for the LT1?
We absolutely did. Within reason, we want every next-generation engine to have better power, better torque, and better fuel economy. Again, it's very scientific. We start with how fast we want the vehicle to be. Tadge [Juechter, Corvette Chief Engineer] starts the ball rolling, and, in particular, he looks at zero to 60 and quarter-mile. When you take those requirements, and you know what the vehicle mass is going to be, along with the width of the tires, you can figure out how much horsepower you need. And in this instance, the target for the LT1 from day one was 450 horsepower.
So that was our goal, and we designed everything—the cylinder heads, camshaft, compression ratio, and airflow characteristics—to create an engine that makes that much power. We actually overachieved, hitting 460 with the performance exhaust system.
Fuel economy is a little bit different. We have very stringent standards to meet, both for CAFE and at a corporate level. When we translate that into engine specifics, we go back to a variable we call brake-specific fuel consumption, or BSFC. We look at certain benchmarks, including competitors' engines...primarily to see how much fuel is used at a certain load. In every instance the Gen V is better—significantly better—than the competition.
The industry standard [looks at] the amount of fuel the engine requires at 2,000 rpm with 2 bar of load. The best engines in the world are running at around 340 grams per kilowatt hour. The LT1 runs at about 330 in eight-cylinder mode, and 275 in four-cylinder mode. A smaller, 1.4-liter four-cylinder engine would be up around 340. If you look at the population of all modern engines, most of them are running at around 350 to 360.
That translates really well into the real world. I recently drove a C7 down to Charleston, South Carolina, and I had some stints where I was getting over 34 mpg. The average of the entire 1,800-mile trip was over 29.7 mpg.
Obviously not everyone buying a Corvette is doing it for the fuel economy, but we consider it a nice fringe benefit.
Was an overhead-cam configuration ever considered? If so, why wasn't it pursued?
Yes, we tried to be as objective as possible. Since this was an all-new car, we looked at all types of powertrain options that would allow it to meet its goals.
The Corvette is unique in that it's a front- mid-engine design with a very low hood line, and when we looked at compact double-overhead-cam architectures, they just did not fit. One of the reasons the "small-block" V-8 engine has been around so long is that it's compact, with a low height, and it makes a tremendous amount of power and torque.
So there really wasn't any reason to add extra technology for its own sake.
From an engineering perspective, I always find it interesting that the outside world considers pushrod engines to be "lower tech," when the opposite couldn't be more true. Look at the cylinder block of the LT1, for example—it's incredibly complex. There are oil galleries everywhere. We machine a cam bore [and] lifters. A DOHC block, by comparison, is extremely simple—there's not much to it.
There are only a few manufacturers in the world who [offer] engines with direct injection, variable valve timing, and cylinder deactivation: Lamborghini on the Aventador, Mercedes-Benz on the S-Class, and Audi on the 8-Series. Of course, those cars all cost $130,000 or more.
From an engineering perspective, if the goal is to come up with a small package with 460 horsepower, 455 foot-pounds of torque, and class-leading fuel efficiency, we have the highest-tech engine in the industry.
The advantages of direct injection are well documented. Are there any particular difficulties involved in designing a DI powerplant?
Oh, yes [laughs], a lot of difficulties. The novice might assume that you just move the fuel injector from the intake port to the combustion chamber and call it a day. But when the decision was made to go with direct injection on the Gen V, it became that the engine was going to need a complete "melt and re-core."
Pretty much every component is affected. The block is affected, because we have to come up with a way to mount and drive the fuel pump. The cylinder heads and pistons are different, because we have to be very scientific in the way we configure the combustion chamber.
If you do a really good job on a DI system, which requires millions of hours of computational time on the combustion system, you can have tremendous efficiency. We spent six million hours optimizing and refining the combustion chamber on the LT1.
As impressive as the LT1 is, many of our readers will be tempted to extract even more power using aftermarket speed parts. Is the ease of performance modification ever taken into account when you develop a Corvette engine?
It's not something we consciously consider, since we're designing and optimizing for our particular OEM-built [application], but it's something we're aware of. We pride ourselves on the fact that the small-block has always been an excellent crate engine, as well as a platform for aftermarket modifications. I don't think hot-rodders will be disappointed in the capabilities of the LT1 or in its ability to respond to [such] modifications. It will be a little more challenging, because of the DI system, but I never underestimate the intellect of the aftermarket in coming up with unique and novel solutions. [W]e expect they'll be able to wring out a lot more performance.
Given ever-tightening emissions and fuel-economy standards, is the era of large-displacement engines, à la the LS7, officially over?
I'd day that it's safe to never assume. People wrote off the small-block back in the '80s, but it continues to work, and be re-optimized year after year to make it applicable and current for the times we're living in.
In the old days, it was assumed that a large-displacement engine had to be big and heavy, with poor fuel economy. That's no longer the case. With the LT1, the 6.2-liter displacement was nothing more than an engineering variable, a tool that enabled us to meet our goals for horsepower, torque, package size, and efficiency.
Any closing thoughts?
I want to make sure we recognize the engineering team, who put in four-and-and-half to five years of work, pride, and honor in creating the next-generation small-block. They're a great team of experts, they're very passionate about the Corvette, and that passion comes shining through in what we've achieved with the LT1.


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In a day and age where college students and young adults are leaving the church, we at FBC Maryville are striving to create an exciting, loving, and challenging ministry for this age group. If you are a college student or a young adult in the college-age range, we would invite you to check us out.
College & Career Bible Study: Sunday mornings at 9:15am in room SM212 in our youth wing.
For more info on College Ministry, contact the Gary Stinnett at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Bay View - Amazing Accom
A new and spacious contemporary home, well equipped with all the homewares for a perfect self catering holiday. Finished to a very high standard, it offers fantastic views of the Bay and surrounding native bush - providing serenity, peace and quiet.
- Por noche
- $325 - $750
Comunícate con nosotros
1 / 6
Acerca de
Looking for an extremely spacious and cozy place to relax and unwind while enjoying the enchanting sea views - then look no further. This elevated coastal retreat offers everything you could possibly ask for in a holiday rental. Perfect vacation awaits you at Bay View.
Consisting of 3 spacious bedrooms, 2 luxury bathrooms, open-plan living and dining area, and a large covered BBQ deck with outdoor seating, there's enough space for a family or group of friends to enjoy themselves, yet have privacy if needed. Huge designer kitchen with high quality appliances and stonework surfaces is great for cooking and entertaining.
Comes complete with full family laundry, garage parking for 2 cars, as well as with boat and extra vehicle parking space.
Dirección física
Bay View - Amazing Accom, Dicks Bay, Russell, Northland, New Zealand.
Horario de apertura
- Horario comercial:
- 24/7
- Meses de funcionamiento:
- Todos los meses del año
Instalaciones y características
- BBQ Facility
- Sky - communal
- Children Welcome
- Cantidad de habitaciones:
- 3
Precios y condiciones
|Por noche
|$325.00 - $750.00


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Kerry warns Iraq on Iran flights to Syria
BAGHDAD (AP) — U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry says he's made it clear to Iraq that it shouldn't allow Iran to use its airspace to ship weapons and fighters to Syria.
Kerry told reporters Sunday during an unannounced trip to Baghdad that the Iranian overflights were a major point of discussion in his private talks with Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. Kerry said he told Maliki that anything that supports President Bashar Assad and his regime was, quote, "problematic."
Kerry also said that U.S. lawmakers and the American people are watching what Iraq is doing and "wondering how it is a partner."
Kerry flew into Baghdad on Sunday from Amman after accompanying President Obama to Israel, the Palestinian Authority and Jordan.
A senior U.S. official said the sheer number of overflights, which occur "close to daily," as well as overland shipments to Syria through Iraq from Iran was inconsistent with Iranian claims that they are only carrying humanitarian supplies. The official said it was in Iraq's interest to prevent the situation in Syria from deteriorating further, particularly as there are fears that Iranian-backed extremists may gain a foothold in the country.
The official, who spoke on condition of anonymity because she was not authorized to publicly preview Kerry's meetings, said there are clear links between al-Qaeda linked extremists operating in Syria and militants who are carrying out terrorist attacks in Iraqi territory with increasing regularity.
Former Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton secured a pledge from Iraq to inspect the flights last year, but the official said that since then only two aircraft have been checked by Iraqi authorities.
Kerry's visit if the first by a U.S. secretary of State since Clinton went in 2009. During Obama's first term, the Iraq portfolio was largely delegated to Vice President Joe Biden.
His arrival came just three days after the anniversary of the U.S.-led war that began on March 20 with an airstrike on Dora Farms in southern Baghdad in a failed attempt to kill Saddam Hussein.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Top 10 Standing Room Only Posts of 2012
Will Chicago ever run out of stands to visit? I doubt it. Just when I think I've uncovered every walkup window in the metropolitan area, I come across an unsuspecting option hidden in plain sight. Sure, most underwhelm with mediocre food and worse service, but occasionally I'll stumble upon a genuine surprise, which inspires me to get out there and find more.
That's definitely the case with my search for the gym shoe, which also happens to be the popular Standing Room Only post of 2012. Actually, it gathered up more than three times as many hits as the next more popular post.
Check out the glory of the gym shoe, along with the rest of the top ten, by clicking on the slideshow.
- In Search of the Gym Shoe, Chicago's Unsung Sandwich
- Hamburger Heaven Express
- The Meatloaf Bakery
- Phil's Last Stand
- Half Pound Burger Worth the Wait at Mustard's Last Stand
- Rotten Johnny's
- Felony Franks
- Pastrami Perfection at Fumare Meats
- Lito's Empanadas
- Fat Johnnie's Mother-In-Law Deserves Fame
This post may contain links to Amazon or other partners; your purchases via these links can benefit Serious Eats. Read more about our affiliate linking policy.


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Need Help?
Click here for help with
the STITCHES Online
Registration System.
Registration is closed for this event...
Sunday 08/11/2013, 8:30 am - 11:30 am
Sunday 08/11/2013, 1:30 pm - 4:30 pm
Skill LevelIntermediate
Class Hours6
TeacherAntje Gillingham
View Antje's profile
2-at-a-Time Socks on 2 Circulars Cuff-Down with Antje GillinghamPractice the anatomy of a sock in sections and get comfortable knitting socks two at a time on two circular needles from the cuff down. No more counting rows or experiencing the dreaded Second Sock Syndrome! And while we won't be able to finish a complete adult pair of socks in one day, we will have a lot of fun during this innovative workshop and by the time you get back to your hotel room, you will be ready to apply your class pattern and cast on your very own awesome pair of 2-at-a-time socks.
SuppliesHomework; two extra balls (each a different color) of light-colored, #4 (worsted-weight) yarn, 3.75mm/US 5 — 16" and 24" circular needles; point protectors; Post-it notepad.
Sharp scissors, notebook, pen or pencil with an eraser, stitch markers, blunt tapestry needles (large and small), flexible tape measure, small calculator, and needles & crochet hooks of various sizes.
HomeworkKnit 2 tubes which will be used to practice the heel turn. For each, use a different, light-colored, worsted-weight yarn (no cotton/cotton blends) and 3.75mm/US 5 needles of your choice. CO 40 sts and join in the round, being careful not to twist sts. Work k1, p1 rib for 2", then knit all sts until each tube measures 4" from cast-on. DO NOT cut yarn or bind off. Put stitches on a stitch holder or waste yarn.


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Fifteen lemons are nearing fruition at the home of Linda Kilgus in LaFollette.
Misty Morgan told her son Grayer the other day, "Do you know that Wolverine, and Spiderman and Batman have never had chemo?"
A group of students, instruments and metal chairs mingle amongst each other. A mixture of melodies clash as the musicians tune and adjust horns and drums to prepare for practice.
It was summertime in the mid '70s, and a teenage Adele Arakawa was working at WLAF.
Friends and family gathered last Friday to celebrate the life of Paul R. Fields, the man who built the Deerfield and McCloud Mountain resorts. Fields passed away July 3 at the age of 75.
Judy Helton has been many things during her lifetime, among them, traveler, wife, mother, cancer survivor and educator.
Zelma Hamblin's grandmother, Mattie Randolph, had an old black iron kettle that she kept in her backyard at her farm off 25W just north of LaFollette.
As a young boy growing up in the mountains of Campbell County during the Great Depression, Robert Sharp never dreamed he would one day be sailing the high seas.
Lenwood Lay, 92, of Jellico, served for just over three years in the United States Coast Guard during World War II.
Copyright © 2019
The LaFollette Press is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Campbell County and LaFollette, TN, and the surrounding area.


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Communications & Power Industries Australia Pty Ltd
- (02) 9987 ####
- 0418 44# ###
4b/ 43a Florence StMap
Hornsby NSW 2077Click to view map
- Send email
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Active Electronics Components Hobart
"Bought a new card recently. The antistatic bag had already been opened. Tried it in my computer, doesn't work. A partial refund offered - a "restocking" fee of $10 for checking if it worked. Did it work to begin with? No exchange offered. Item is not fit for the purpose it was intended for, and advised of the purpose at time of purchase. This shop currently doesn't appear up with current consumer law. Ignore the sign in the shop on refunds and exchanges! Be warned!"
Active Electronics Components Hobart
"I go to Active Electronics Components whenever I need help to put together my TV and home theatre. They know so much about everything electrical and never hesitate to offer me advice and their support. I can't imagine there being any better electronic component stores in Hobart."
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Active Electronics Components Hobart
"Great Bargains at Active. I always shop there, they always have what i need or can get it at great price thanks guys."
Powerland Electronics
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SSS Electronics
"I have used these people a few times for repairs and found them to be helpful and honest. The service I received from the girls in there was not what I expected from a repair centre. Pretty High Standards in there!! But, I guess you wouldnt expect any less - dealing with high profile brands like Sony Sharp LG.. Would recommend"
Leading Edge Electronics-Lithgow
"This store has an appauling reture policy, that is to say, if you bought it, you keep it. My fathers girlfriend went to return a hard drive as it wasn't what she was after. The recept doesn't say anything about not accepting returns. They turned her away, going so far as to call the police to escort her out of the store. The product wasn't opened, the plasing wrapper around the box was intact, and proved no attempt was even made to open the box. A mate also bought a TV out cable for his iPod. He showed concern on if it would work with his iPod, the manages assured him. We took it home, tried it out, didn't work, and his excuse was his TV was damaged, even after explaining other products worked and the one he sold didn't. Another refund was refused."
Scott on 6th Feb 2014
David Smith on 7th May 2012
tasos brown on 14th Aug 2011
electguy on 7th Apr 2010
myhome009 on 11th Nov 2009
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CMO should serve a fixed, nonpolitical term, technology advisers say.
Improving information technology performance and controlling spending during the next presidential administration will require reforms beyond the federal technology shop, a team of administrative leaders said Thursday.
To ensure those reforms take place, the next president should appoint a chief management officer at every major department and agency to oversee all management and administrative officials including the heads of IT, budget, finance, performance and acquisitions, the team led by former Commerce Department Chief Information Officer Alan Balutis, said.
The recommendations came in a "Memo to National Leaders" focused on IT and transparency, one of nine such memos the National Academy of Public Administration commissioned.
Agency chief management officers should serve a fixed term, the memo said, modeled in part on the term of the comptroller general, head of the Government Accountability Office, who serves for 15 years, or until he or she leaves office.
A fixed-term appointment will give management officers more freedom to focus on structural issues outside the concerns of day-to-day political considerations, Balutis said.
"Most of the people who come to Washington to take over running agencies are interested in their policy accomplishments and new initiatives," Balutis said, "not so much on 'was I a good steward?' . . . I think you need an official who has all the management and administrative arrows in her or his quiver to give this the importance that is necessary."
In the IT realm, the management officer and CIO's focus should be on using technology to improve overall agency performance and effectively managing the implementation of new programs, the memo said.
It recommended continuing to shorten the life cycle of government IT projects so they aren't outpaced by technology advancements.
The memo also suggested doubling down on the federal digital strategy, published in May, noting "all services that can be provided digitally should be," including issuing government benefits through electronic transfers.
Other memo authors were Gary Bass, former director of OMB Watch; Daniel Chenok, executive director of the IBM Center for the Business of Government; and Alan Shark, executive director of the Public Technology Institute, a nonprofit focused on technology issues in local government.
(Image via Image Team/Shutterstock.com)


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Inspired by Granny Squares from designer Lissa Alexander
Quilt Tester: Laura Boehnke
3/8 yard solid white (blocks, sashing)
1-1/4 yards light blue print (blocks, borders, binding)
1 yard total assorted 1930s prints in yellow, pink, green, blue, and red (blocks, middle border)
1-1/8 yards backing fabric
39" square batting
Finished quilt: 30-1/4" square
Finished block: 8-1/2" square
Quantities are for 44/45"-wide, 100% cotton fabrics.
Measurements include 1/4" seam allowances. Sew with right sides together unless otherwise stated.


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I'll be honest, it's still a little weird for me to see the majority of the ladies on Mob Wives actually being nice to one another. It's almost got me wondering when the other shoe is going to drop! Case in point? Drita D'avanzo and Karen Gravano not only went out for drinks, but they shared a spa day instead of a smackdown! Big Ang is typically drama-free, but Ramona Rizzo showed her softer side, and Renee Graziano is working on a more positive life. Carla Facciolo did get a bit confrontational with her ex while meeting his new girlfriend, and Love Majewski talked a lot about stabbing people, so I guess some old habits do die hard.
Last night's episode begins as a shocked Drita is telling Big Ang and Carla that Lee is now out of jail. She is giddy like a school girl talking about what she fed Lee when she first saw him. Gag. Drita wants advice from Carla and Ang about what she should do when Lee is finished with the halfway house.
Karen, Love, and Ramona are hitting up a charity art event, and Ramona shares with Karen that Lee is free. Karen wishes him the best and is glad that his girls will have their father back, but as far as she's concerned, she wants nothing to do with him. She's finally at a good place with Drita, and the women wonder if Drita will take him back after his stint in the halfway house.
Renee has returned from rehab, and she's excited to talk to Drita and learn that Lee is home. She wants to get all of the ladies together to celebrate her new lease on life.


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CRM2: CLEAR approach
Changing the narrative: talk value, not price
With change comes opportunity?
Video transcript (PDF)
Communicate your value
List and define your services
Explain your fees and compensation
Align your client needs
Review procedures and plans
We've made the CLEAR approach a framework to help you strengthen your relationship with your clients through the CRM2 process. With disclosure of cost and performance central to the new changes, it is fundamentally important that clients understand the value you bring to their financial success. A client relationship defined by cost and performance alone will continually be questioned. However, a relationship built on value lays a strong foundation for long-term client satisfaction. Read on the key highlights of the CRM2 changes.
At this point, many of you are well aware of the requirement for CRM2, and you are working hard at making sure that your reporting and other requirements are in order, if not already.
But what do you know about the readiness of your clients for CRM2? Are you prepared to handle their questions and deal with difficult discussions?
We collaborated with PMG Intelligence to obtain valuable market research from both clients and advisors and we've learned some interesting things.


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Creepy: Lil Wayne's "Homies Still" Shows 12 Skeletons In A Movie Theatre (12 People Died In The Dark Knight Movie Massacre)
Posted By http://www.PersistMuzik.com
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Hello, Notletrest.
(1) I have been following your thread with great interest because I,
too, want an answer.
(2) IF (IF!!!) I understand you correctly, you (and I) want to know the
difference between:
I feel great admiration for your country.
I feel a great admiration for your country.
(3) Sadly, I have not been able to find an answer that satisfies me,
but I have found a few ideas to share with you:
(a) admiration is a mass noun that does not take the plural.
(b) One expert says that non-count nouns take an indefinite
article when modified or qualified:
(i) (His example) a deep happiness. (I guess that deep modifies the mass
noun happiness.)
(ii) (His example) an admiration for those fellow students. ( I guess that
for those fellow students qualifies admiration.)
(4) One teacher told me that there is no difference between "I feel great
admiration for" and "I feel a great admiration for." He said it is a matter of
the speaker's choice.
(5) I personally feel (until I get more information) (of course, I could be
100% wrong) that there is a difference.
(a) I detect that there is an emphasis or specificity with a/an.
(i) I feel a great admiration for your countrymay (may!!!) mean
something like:
As far as your country is concerned, I feel a great admiration/ an
admiration that knows no limits/that I feel for no other country/that
is hard to explain, etc.
I say this because of point no.6.
(6) In researching this topic, I discovered this expert's words:
In German, as in English, it is normal (my emphasis) to use any
abstract noun with the indefinite article when it is qualified by
an adjective or an adjectival clause. We do not speak of a despair, but
we do say He was filled with a despair that grew from day to day.
Thank you
P. S. Please let us know if you find more information.
Student or Learner


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The Atlanta Falcons will be forced to go the rest of the way without cornerback Brent Grimes.
In a surprising development, Grimes is done for the season after suffering an Achilles injury on Sunday, coach Mike Smith announced Monday.
Relive every game this season online and on-demand with enhanced viewing features, including the "All-22" coaches film. Get NFL Game Rewind.
Grimes exited the Falcons' 40-24 win over the Kansas City Chiefs with what was believed to be a calf injury. Smith said after the game he was unsure how much time Grimes would miss.
Undrafted out of Shippensburg University in 2007, Grimes has started 44 games for the Falcons in five-plus seasons with 13 interceptions. He had a combined 11 interceptions in 2009 and 2010, and was an alternate Pro Bowl pick in 2010.
Grimes -- who received Atlanta's franchise tag in the offseason -- moved to right cornerback after the Falcons acquired Asante Samuel in a trade with the Philadelphia Eagles. Pairing the two veterans put Atlanta in position to greatly improve its pass defense in 2012. Now the team must regroup on the fly.
Follow Dan Hanzus on Twitter @danhanzus.


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Star Wars spin-off films to feature Han Solo and Boba Fett
- Bang Showbiz
- 7 February 2013
It has been revealed that two new spin-off 'Star Wars' films are likely to follow the stories of smuggler Han Solo and bounty hunter Boba Fett
The 'Star Wars' stand-alone films will feature Han Solo and Boba Fett.
Walt Disney Pictures announced on Wednesday (06.02.13) they were planning to make numerous spin-off films alongside the new trilogy and a source has now revealed to Entertainment Weekly that the company intend to create a young Han Solo saga, featuring the popular character originally played by Harrison Ford.
The tale will follow the smuggler's story between the period of the 2005 prequel instalment 'Revenge of the Sith' and the original 1977 film 'A New Hope'.
The Boba Fett film is said to take place either between the original film and second film in 1980, 'The Empire Strikes Back', or between 'Empire' and 1983's 'Return of the Jedi'.
In the original trilogy, the bounty hunter never removed his helmet and fans found out in the prequels he was the son of the original stormtrooper clone (Temuera Morrison).
Both Lucasfilm and Disney - who took over the project after buying George Lucas' company last year - have yet to comment on further details.
Zack Snyder recently denied any involvement with the 'Star Wars' spin-off films and although he is "flattered", the director is currently busy working on other features.
A representative told The Hollywood Reporter: "While [Zack] is super flattered because he is a huge fan, Zack is not involved in any way with the new 'Star Wars'. He is currently in post on his two films, 'Man of Steel' and '300: Battle of Artemisia'."
'Episode VII' is set to be directed by 'Star Trek: Into Darkness' director J.J. Abrams and is being penned by 'Toy Story 3' wither Michael Arndt.


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Eric de Rop had his first job inking pages of 'Zilverpijl' for Frank Sels, through his father, Vandersteen co-worker Eduard De Rop. He then offered his work to Studio Vandersteen in 1971 where he became an inker on the production of 'Jerom' stories for the German market, and on several gag pages of 'De Familie Snoek' for TV Ekspress. He made his personal debut in 1973 with 'Ylian contra Wereldschrik', which was published in Koerier and in Ohee in 1975.
After his military service, he became a staff artist at Studio Vandersteen. Between 1974 and 1976 he inked 'Robert en Bertrand' and assisted on 'Suske en Wiske'. He left the studio in 1976 and worked with Jef Nys on the backgrounds of 'Jommeke' until 1982. He then focused on the German market for a while, making sports cartoons for the Frankfurter Allgemeine, before becaming an independent comic artist in 1984. During this period he worked with artists like Jean-Pol ('Annie en Peter') and Eddy Ryssack ('Sport Billy').
De Rop also renewed his association with Studio Vandersteen and inked the first albums of 'De Geuzen', and did art on the 'Suske en Wiske' album 'De Ruige Regen'. He eventually became the main inker on 'Suske En Wiske', working with the artists Paul Geerts, Marc Verhaegen and Luc Morjaeu. Starting in 1988, he illustrated over 300 gags with Wiske's doll 'Schanulleke' for Okki from scripts by Patty Klein, and in later years, also inked 'Klein Suske en Wiske'.
In the 1990s, De Rop created several series for Suske en Wiske Weekblad, including 'Bloemlezing' (under the pen name Eric) 'Doebidoe' (using the name Ropson) and 'Ribbedebie'. He also created 'Kat en Hond' for Stripkrant and 'Kapoen' for Het Belgisch Warmbloedpaard (1994-2001). De Rop has additionally assisted on Merho's 'Kiekeboe' series, and done art on commercial comics for companies like Ebes, Saroma and Verkade.
The last active artist of Willy Vandersteen's studio in Kalmthout, Eric De Rop retired in 2015. He has been making cartoons and illustrations for the politically Antwerp weekly 't Pallieterke since 2013, though. This includes the series 'Toogpraat', of a book collection was published by 't Mannekesblad in 2016.