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(LONDON) -- It was a girls' night out for sisters Kate Middleton and Pippa Middleton in London Wednesday as the high-profile pair caught up with each other at a charity shopping event.
Fellow shoppers at the Burlington Arcade Charity Christmas Bazaar were caught off guard when the Duchess of Cambridge and her younger sister showed up to support the event and quickly posted photos of the pair on Twitter to prove their proximity to the royal and royal-in-law.
"Kate and Pippa Middleton spotted at @BurlingtonArcad @CountryTown #BurlingtonBazaar," wrote @ClaireGongMuse.
"Feeling festive with Courvoisier cocktails @BurlingtonArcad in good company of Kate Middleton & Lupo," posted @CourvoisierUK.
Lupo would be the black cocker spaniel puppy Kate Middleton reportedly received as a 30th birthday gift earlier this year from her husband, Prince William, and it was he who proved to be the real surprise guest of the evening, and the only exception to the apparent "girls only" rule.
The duchess, 30, arrived to the event dressed for the cold weather in dark jeans, a brown jacket and black suede boots and with Lupo and her royal protection officer in tow. Pippa Middleton, 29, arrived a bit later, on her own, also in jeans but paired with a blue leather jacket, printed scarf and black knee-high boots.
The roughly $30 admission fee to the event benefited the Ormiston Children and Families Trust, a charity for disadvantaged youth in the East of England.
The Wednesday night sighting marked the first time the two sisters have been seen at a public event together since June, according to British media reports. Both sisters attended the wedding of a close friend of Pippa's near their childhood hometown in late September.
Kate Middleton also attended that event stag, without William, who was, as he was presumed to be Wednesday night also, fulfilling his duties as a search-and-rescue pilot with the Royal Air Force.
Pippa Middleton has been busy since then making appearances and headlines of her own with the publication of her debut book, the party planning guide Celebrate.
Copyright 2012 ABC News Radio


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Mario Biagioli
Distinguished Professor of Law and Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Director, Center for Science and Innovation Studies
Undergraduate Studies, Computer Science, University of Pisa, Italy 1978
M.F.A. Museum Studies, History of Photography, Rochester Institute of Technology 1984
M.A. History of Science, University of California, Berkeley 1986
Ph.D. History of Science, University of California, Berkeley 1989
Mario Biagioli is a Distinguished Professor of Law and Science and Technology Studies (STS), and Director of the Center for Science and Innovation Studies. At the Law School, he teaches courses on intellectual property in science, and on the history and philosophy of intellectual property.
Prior to joining King Hall, he was Professor of the History of Science at Harvard University, specializing in intellectual property in science. He has also taught at UCLA, Stanford, the Ecole des Hautes Etudes in Science Sociales (Paris), and the University of Aberdeen (Scotland). For more than a decade, Professor Biagioli has been studying problems of authorship and priority attribution in contemporary "Big Science," editing (with Peter Galison), Scientific Authorship (Routledge, 2003). He has subsequently published on the history of patenting in the sciences, the development of specifications requirements, the peer review of patent applications. With Pater Jaszi and Martha Woodmansee, he has edited Making and Unmaking Intellectual Property (Chicago, 2011) and is working on The Author as Vegetable, a book on the role of environmental concepts in contemporary discussions of the knowledge commons. Other current research interests include definitions of patentable subject matter and the role of secrecy in science.
A former Guggenheim Fellow, he is a founding member of the International Society for the Theory and History of Intellectual Property (ISTHIP). After studying computer science at the University of Pisa (Italy) and receiving an MFA in photography from the Visual Studies Workshop and the Rochester Institute of Technology, he was awarded a PhD in history of science from UC Berkeley in 1989. He is also the author of Galileo Courtier (Chicago, 1993 - translated in German, Greek, Spanish, and Portuguese), Galileo's Instruments of Credit (Chicago, 2006)), and the editor of The Science Studies Reader (Routledge, 1998).
Subject AreasLaw And Science, Intellectual Property, Legal History, Ethics, Patent Law, Law And Cultural Studies, Science and Technology Studies
Selected Career Highlights
- Professor, Department of History of Science, Harvard University (1995-2010)
- Honorary Professorial Fellowship, School of the Social and Political Sciences, University of Edinburgh (2009)
- Visiting Sixth Century Chair of Modern Thought, History of Science, and Law, University of Aberdeen (2007-2008)
- Directeur d'Etudes Associe', Ecoles des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris (April 1998 and May-June 1993)
- Associate Professor, Department of History, University of California, Los Angeles (1992-1995)
- Visiting Associate Professor, Department of History of Science, Harvard University (Spring 1993)
- Visiting Professor, Program in History of Science, Stanford University (Winter 1992)
- Assistant Professor, Department of History, University of California, Los Angeles (1989-1992)
- Lecturer, Department of History, University of California, Los Angeles (1988-1989)
Selected Publications
Making and Unmaking Intellectual Property, edited volume (with Martha Woodmansee and Peter Jaszi), (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011).
Nature Engaged, edited volume (with Jessica Riskin), (New York: Palgrave-MacMillan Publishers, 2012).
Galileo's Instruments of Credit: Telescopes, Images, Secrecy, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006)
Scientific Authorship: Credit and Intellectual Property in Science, edited volume, with Peter Galison, (New York: Routledge, 2003).
The Science Studies Reader, edited volume (New York: Routledge, 1999).
Galileo, Courtier, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993; paperback 1994); Galilei, Hoffling, (Frankfurt: Fischer Verlag, 1999) (German translation); Galileu Cortesao (Porto: Porto Editora, 2003) (Portuguese translation); Galileo, Courtier (Athens: Katoptro Publications, 2006) (Greek translation); Galileo Cortesan (Madrid: Katz Editores, 2008) (Spanish translation)
"Recycling Texts or Stealing Time?: Plagiarism, Authorship, and Credit in Science", International Journal of Cultural Property, 19: 453-476 (2012).
"Between Knowledge and Technology: Patenting Methods, Rethinking Materiality", Anthropological Forum, 22: 285-300 (2012).
"Productive Illusions: Kuhn's Structure as a Recruitment Tool", Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences, 42: 479-484 (2012).
"From Ciphers to Confidentiality: Secrecy, Openness and Priority in Science", British Journal for the History of Science, 45: 213-233 (2012).
"Witnessing Astronomy: Kepler on the Uses and Misuses of Testimony", in Biagioli and Riskin (eds.), Nature Engaged (New York: Palgrave), pp. 103-123 (2012).
"Genius Against Copyright: Revisiting Fichte's Proof of the Illegality of Reprinting", Notre Dame Law Review 86: 1847-67 (2011).
"Did Galileo Copy the Telescope?" , Albert Van Helden et al. (eds.), The Origins of the Telescope (Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Press, pp. 203-230, 2010).
Post-Disciplinary Liaisons: Science Studies and the Humanities", Critical inquiry 35: 816-833 (2009).
"Nature and the Commons: The Vegetable Roots of Intellectual Property", in Living Properties: Making Properties and Controlling Ownership in the History of Biology (Ed.) Jean-Paul Gaudilliere, Daniel J. Keyles, Hans-Jorg Rheinberger, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Preprint 382 pp. 241-250 (2009).
"Bringing Peer Review to Patents", First Monday 12 (6) Special issue on "Cyberinfrastructure for Collaboration and Innovation" (2007).
"Patent Republic: Specifying inventions, Constructing Authors and Rights", Social Research 73: 1129-1172 (2006).
"From Print to Patents: Living on Instruments in Early Modern Europe, 1500-1800", History of Science 44:139-86 (2006).

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Asessippi Ski Area and Resorts Hours of Operation for the 18-19 Season are here.
Please check our daily Snow Report for daily conditions.
Use the date selectors above and below the calendar to navigate through the menu.
This event has passed.
January 30 @ 9:30 am
Please note the following:
- The Village is open 30 minutes before and after lift hours above
- Squirrel Chair is open until the above lift hours
- Porcupine Chair is open until 4:00 pm
- Bear Chair is open until 3:30 pm
- All hours subject to change without notice
- Check the snow report for conditions information


text:
Taking a Sabbath Rest
Today's Scripture: Deuteronomy 5:12-15
Today's Verse: But the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work…Deuteronomy 5:14 (NIV)
My car crawled slowly northward in the rush-hour traffic. I had stared at the same rear bumper for ten agonizingly slow miles. "The Best Never Rest!" it proclaimed. As I pondered that statement, I realized that, indeed, the Best had rested on the seventh day of Creation. In fact, He thought it was so important that He mandated rest for the land as well as the people He had created. But why had He rested? Surely God didn't get tired, did He?
With a start I realized that God rested because He was celebrating His holiness, His awesomeness, after a week that displayed His glory. And, as our Father, He was modeling that pattern for His children to follow. We set aside time for physical rest each day, even when we don't feel tired. Vital health requires it. Likewise, regularly setting apart one day each week to reflect on God's power and glory renews us spiritually, and gives us strength for the demands of the new week.
—Patricia S. Baker
"Day of all the week the best,
Emblem of eternal rest." —John Newton, "Saturday Evening"
©2006 by Patricia S. Baker
First printed in The Quiet Hour, (September-November 2006, Vol. 70, No. 1, p.68)
Tags: Devotional, god, rest, sabbath, Writing


text:
Our Leather & Process
Our leather wears in, not out. To create a product that gets better with age, we start with the highest quality leather. Bosca leather is made in Italy using primarily natural vegetable tannins. Each hide is individually hand stained with a translucent pigment for a rich coloration. This process showcases the leather's natural characteristics. Upon completion, each hide is inspected and individually signed to ensure only the best quality.


text:
WALTHAM, Mass. - Four Brandeis University student-athletes have been selected as the University Athletic Association (UAA) Player of the Week for the week ending Sept. 14. Junior Lee Bloom of West Hartford, Conn., was honored for golf; sophomore Rachel Rosman of Bonita Springs, Fla., for women's tennis; sophomore Paige Blasco of Greeley, Colo., for volleyball; and rookie Sean O'Hare of Southampton, Mass., for men's soccer.
Bloom became the first Brandeis golfer to win the Bowdoin College Invitational this weekend with a one-over-par 145. Playing at the Brunswick Golf Course in Brunswick, Maine, Bloom shot the second under-par score of his collegiate career in the first round with a two-under 70, the low round of the tournament. He followed it up with a three-over 75 in the second round and won the tournament by four strokes over a competitor from Husson College. It was the first tournament victory of his career in a two-day meet. He had previously tied for first and lost medalist honors in a playoff at the Jack Barry Invitational last season. As a team, Brandeis had its best-ever finish at the Bowdoin tournament, finishing in third place with a team score of 634, behind regional power Husson and Division II St. Anselm College
Rosman captured the 'A' flight championship today as the Brandeis University women's tennis team finished in second place out of seven teams at the ECAC Open Women's Tennis Championships at Trinity College. Rosman breezed through the first two rounds of competition, dropping just three games in four sets against opponents from RPI and host Trinity. She then took a third-set super-tiebreaker from Sara D'Elia of Bowdoin College, 6-4, 1-6, 11-9. The Judges finished in second place overall at the tournament with 13.5 points, 5.5 points behind champion Bowdoin, which won the other four flights at the tournament.
Blasco, an outside hitter, led the Brandeis volleyball team to a 4-1 record, including 4-0 at their Brandeis Invitational, where she earned her first collegiate All-Tournament honor. In five matches last week, Blasco totaled 74 kills (4.35 kills per set) and had a .325 hitting percentage (74 kills and 21 errors in 163 total attacks), both team-highs, while also contributing 45 digs (2.65 digs per set), fourth-most on the squad. After a slow start in a 3-1 loss to Wellesley College on Sept. 9 (12 kills, 11 errors, .023 hitting percentage, 12 digs), Blasco hit better than .450 in her next three matches in the tournament. She hit .464 against Smith College (16 kills and three errors in 28 total attacks), .459 against Williams College (19 kills and two errors in 37 total attacks) with career highs in kills (19) and digs (12), and .485 against Trinity (Conn.) College (18 kills and two errors in 33 total attacks). In the final match of the week against Rhode Island College, Blasco had nine kills and three errors in 22 chances for a .273 percentage. Overall this season, Brandeis is 7-1.
O'Hare, a rookie goalkeeper, made three saves in the Judges' 3-1 victory over Babson College on Sept. 10 to earn his first collegiate win in his second start. He made two stops in the first 13 minutes of the game, then stopped a Babson forward from point-blank range in the 79th minute to preserve the tie as the Judges scored eight minutes later for the win. Brandeis owns a 3-1 record headed into tonight's contest with Colby-Sawyer College.
Bloom is a 2006 graduate of the Loomis Chaffee School. He is the son of Ronald and Cheryl Bloom, West Hartford, Conn.
Rosman is a 2007 graduate of Estero High School. She is the daughter of Jay and Cathy Rosman, Bonita Springs, Fla.
Blasco is a 2007 graduate of Frontier Academy. She is the daughter of Leon and Ellie Blasco, Greeley, Colo.
O'Hare is a 2008 graduate of Hampshire Regional High School. He is the son of Kevin and Suzanne O'Hare, Southampton, Mass.


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|Pride Lands
|Physical Information
|Societal Information
|Notable visitors
|Significant events
• Battle of Pride Rock
The Pride Lands are a vast savanna territory controlled by a pride of lions known as the Pride Landers.
Mufasa's Reign
Simba's Presentation
Following the birth of his son, Mufasa holds a ceremony in honor of Simba's birth. During the ceremony, Simba is anointed the next rightful ruler and held up for all the Pride Landers to see.
The King's Death
Mufasa's conniving brother Scar devises a plan to assassinate the king. Using his hyena cronies, Scar instigates a wildebeest stampede that chases Simba through the Gorge. Drawn by the endangerment of his son, Mufasa rescues the cub and climbs a steep cliff, only to be thrown to his death by his brother. Upon hitting the ground, Mufasa dies, and Scar convinces Simba to run away from the Pride Lands.
Scar's Reign
The Hyena Invasion
Following Mufasa's death, Scar lies to the pride that Simba is dead and "humbly" accepts the crown from his dead brother. With this new power, he invites the hyenas from their shadowy home in the Elephant Graveyard to the lush world of the Pride Lands and stomps out every law Mufasa has kept so carefully in place.
The Famine
Due to the hyenas' over-hunting the herds, the Pride Lands fall into disrepair. The herds move on, and the water dries up, leaving behind a graveyard of brittle bones and dry dust. Scar is unconcerned with the landscape change, despite much urging from the lionesses to move to a different land.
The Battle of Pride Rock
Scar's sovereignty is challenged by Simba, now a young adult and bent on taking back his rightful title. After forcing Simba to admit that he was the cause of Mufasa's death, Scar corners him at the point of Pride Rock, though he makes a fatal error in revealing the truth behind Mufasa's death. Fueled by rage, Simba leaps into battle, followed by the lionesses, Timon, and Pumbaa, and throws Scar off Pride Rock.
The King's Death
Though Scar survives his fall from Pride Rock, he is met at the bottom by his hyenas, who feel betrayed by his accusation that Mufasa's death and the decimated condition of the Pride Lands is entirely their fault. Enraged and fueled by hunger, they attack and devour him alive amongst the flames that engulf Pride Rock.
Simba's Reign
Simba's Coronation
Following the Battle of Pride Rock, rain falls on the land, cleansing the fire and chasing away the last of the hyenas. Urged on by his followers as well as Zazu, Rafiki, Timon, and Pumbaa, Simba ascends Pride Rock and roars, claiming his title as king. Under his reign, the Pride Lands are restored to their former glory.
Zira's Betrayal
At some point following Simba's ascension on Pride Rock, Zira rebels and is subsequently ousted with her band of loyal followers, known as the Outsiders.
Kiara's Presentation
Simba and Nala have a daughter named Kiara, who is presented to the Pride Lands atop Pride Rock.
Kiara's First Hunt
In order to prove her status as a young adult, Kiara embarks on her first hunt, though she is later caught in a rampaging fire that was started by Zira's cubs, Nuka and Vitani. When Kovu, Zira's youngest child, rescues Kiara from the flames under the direction of his mother, Simba reluctantly inducts him into the pride.
Zira's Ambush
When Simba leaves the shelter of Pride Rock with Kovu, Zira and her followers surround him and attempt to kill him. Instead, Nuka is killed while trying to pursue Simba up a pile of logs. Enraged over her son's death, Zira scars Kovu, blaming him for not killing Simba when he had the chance. Kovu runs away, but Zira lets him go and instead directs her pride in waging war against the Pride Landers.
The Exile of Kovu
Following Zira's ambush, Simba accuses Kovu of being a traitor and expels him from the Pride Lands. Together, the Pride Landers sing "One of Us" and drive Kovu from their lands while Kiara watches in horror.
The Pride Lander-Outsider Battle
Simba forbids Kiara to leave Pride Rock unescorted, but she disobeys him and leaves to find Kovu. Enraged by her son's death and already bitter over Scar's, Zira wages war against the Pride Landers. The battle is soon stopped by Kovu and Kiara, though Zira refuses to give up and tries a final attempt on Simba's life. Kiara gets in the way of the vengeful lioness at the last second and the two roll down a steep embankment. Kiara survives the fall only to watch Zira refuse her help and fall helplessly into the Gorge.
The Marriage of Kovu and Kiara
After the Outsiders are inducted into the pride, the Pride Landers hold a marriage ceremony for Kovu and Kiara, where the rulers of Pride Rock reaffirm their power by roaring over a gathered crowd of animals.
The Pride Lands operate as a monarchy in which the sovereign's will is law. Regarding the order of succession, the Pride Lands monarchy appears to favor an absolute primogeniture in which the eldest child of the current ruler will inherit, regardless of gender. The king or queen can hand-choose who they want to succeed them, however, as Scar apparently hand-chose Kovu to succeed him despite them having no relation.
Laws of the Land
The monarchs of the land have absolute power, and with that power, they create laws that benefit themselves and their pride.
Banning the Use of Mufasa's Name (in Scar's presence)
|Put in Place by
At an unknown time during his reign, Scar made it illegal for anyone to utter Mufasa's name in his presence. It isn't exactly clear why he made this law, but he presumably grew tired of his pride comparing him to his superior brother. Fortunately, this law permanently died with Scar's reign, for Mufasa's name is said freely during Simba's reign.
Penalty for Trespassing
|Simba: You know the penalty for returning to the Pride Lands!
Zira: But the child does not! However...if you need your pound of flesh, here.
|Put In Place By
After banishing Zira and her followers from the Pride Lands, Simba puts in place a law that discourages them from defying his decree and returning anyway. Should any outsider be found within his lands, they must pay with their lives. Kovu is offered up to Simba for recompense, as Zira had broken the law, but both she and the king knew Kovu was in no real danger. In the end, Simba spares Kovu -- either because he was too soft or because his young daughter was watching -- thus fails in enforcing his own law. This law is rendered dysfunction when Simba inducts the exiles back into his pride.
Royal Protocol and Debts
|Zazu: Mmm, yes, sire. Clearly we are in his debt, and royal protocol demands that all debts be paid. Though in this case you might want to make an exception.
Simba: Hmmm... (looks at Kovu) My father's law will prevail. We'll see who you really are.
|Put In Place By
According to Zazu, the Majorodomo, all debts must be repaid (though exception can be made) somehow. Simba goes on to say that this is law put in place by his deceased father.
Anti-Poaching Laws
|Put In Place By
It is unknown who put this law into to place, but both Ahadi and Mufasa are both seen enforcing it. Likely, Zira was poaching in the Pride Lands as well when she just happened to spot Kovu and Kiara, even going on to mention the lack of resources in the Outlands, so Simba enforces it as well. Presumably the law has been enforced since the territory's creation.
Mohatu's Drinking Law
|Put In Place By
When a drought strikes the Pride Lands during King Mohatu's reign, he puts in place a law the determines how much an animal could drink to prevent fighting over the diminished waterhole. The Selfish Lion defies Mohatu, and breaks this law, drinking as much as he wants and forcing the other animals to wait. Instead of enforcing the law, King Mohatu looks for and finds a non-violent alternative.
Banishment of Shenzi's Clan
|Put In Place By
|Ahadi or Mufasa
In the book A Tale of Two Brothers, during King Ahadi's reign, the hyenas seem to be tolerated if not fully accepted. However, Ahadi seems to have banished them from the Pride Lands after the end of that story. Mufasa could've gotten rid of them, however.
Induction of Shenzi's Clan
|Put In Place By
After Mufasa's death, Scar renders the law keeping hyenas out of the Pride Lands defunct when he usurps the throne.
Engagement in Childhood
|Simba: I can't marry her. She's my friend.
Nala: Yeah, it'd be too weird.
Zazu: Well, sorry to burst your bubble, but you two turtle-doves have no choice. It's a tradition...going back generations.
Simba: Well, when I'm king, that'll be the first thing to go.
|Put In Place By
It is unknown who put this law into place many generations ago, but according to Zazu, a king's marriage is contracted during the king's childhood. As a cub, Simba says that he will abolish the law when he becomes king, but it is unknown whether he did this or not. It appears likely that he followed through on this promise, for neither Kopa nor Kiara appear to have a betrothal.
Geographical Features
- Pride Rock
- The Gorge
- The Water Hole
- Mount Kilimanjaro
- Five Stones
- The Zuberi River
- Zulu Falls
- The Western Canyon
- Big Springs
- Lake Matope
- Ukuni Woods
- Lake Kiziwa
- Kilio Valley
- Chakula Plains
- Mizimu Grove
- The Red Cliffs
- Mapema Rock
- Big Ravine
- Hakuna Matata Falls
- Flat Ridge Rock
- Ndefu Grove
- Maji Baridi Falls
- Nandembo Caverns
- Chekundu Cliffs
- The Watering Hole
- Mekundu Cliffs
- Imbamba Canyon
- Lion
- Zebra
- Elephant
- Hyena
- Mandrill
- Red-billed Hornbill
- Giraffe
- Antelope
- Warthog
- Meerkat
- Rhino
- Hippo
- Wildebeest
- Leopard
- Cheetah
- Flamingos
- Monkeys
- Crocodiles
- Chimpanzees
- Baboons
- Gorillas
- Ostrich
- Frogs
- Egrets
- Field Mice
- Ants
- Okapi
- The Pride Lands has a history of going bare presumably once during the reign of every new ruler. A drought happens during Mohatu's reign, Uru and Ahadi's reign, Mufasa's reign (in a comic), Scar's reign and Simba's reign (in The Lion Guard episode "The Golden Zebra").
- Disney's Villionare refers to the Pride Lands as the Dark Lands under Scar's reign. Instead of a name change, this may have just been an alias, as the lionesses refer to it as the "Shadowland" in the stage musical.[1]


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text:
Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama gave a noteworthy speech on Saturday before 10,000 members of the United Church of Christ in Hartford, Conn., and every media account I've seen has ignored what I see as being the most significant part. This speech is important on multiple levels. First, Obama is outlining what could be the basis for a "religious left" movement in the 2008 presidential elections. Second, when was the last time a major presidential candidate made this explicit of an expression of his personal faith in Jesus Christ?
So one Sunday, I put on one of the few clean jackets I had, and went over to Trinity United Church of Christ on 95th Street on the South Side of Chicago. And I heard Reverend Jeremiah A. Wright deliver a sermon called "The Audacity of Hope." And during the course of that sermon, he introduced me to someone named Jesus Christ. I learned that my sins could be redeemed. I learned that those things I was too weak to accomplish myself, He would accomplish with me if I placed my trust in Him. And in time, I came to see faith as more than just a comfort to the weary or a hedge against death, but rather as an active, palpable agent in the world and in my own life.
It was because of these newfound understandings that I was finally able to walk down the aisle of Trinity one day and affirm my Christian faith. It came about as a choice, and not an epiphany. I didn't fall out in church, as folks sometimes do. The questions I had didn't magically disappear. The skeptical bent of my mind didn't suddenly vanish. But kneeling beneath that cross on the South Side, I felt I heard God's spirit beckoning me. I submitted myself to His will, and dedicated myself to discovering His truth and carrying out His works.
I found this statement breathtaking and refreshing in its straightforwardness. Andrew Sullivan is not impressed and states that Obama is "aggressively staking his candidacy in part on an explicitly religious appeal."
David Brody of the Christian Broadcasting Network states that he has never seen a presidential candidate talk about his salvation in front of a crowd.
For Obama to stand up and talk about how Jesus changed his life, my friends that takes guts. You may disagree with everything he's about, you may disagree with his policy goals but as Christians, shouldn't we like it when someone talks about Christ being the missing ingredient in his life?
But like myself, Brody is surprised that the statements did not make the Associated Press account of the story. The AP instead elected to go with the politics:
Sen. Barack Obama told a church convention Saturday that some right-wing evangelical leaders have exploited and politicized religious beliefs in an effort to sow division.
"Somehow, somewhere along the way, faith stopped being used to bring us together and faith started being used to drive us apart," the Democratic presidential candidate said in a 30-minute speech before the national meeting of the United Church of Christ.
There's little new in this lede, other than the fact that Obama said it. It's incendiary, which works for a lede if there is not real news, but as Brody noted, it's a small portion of the speech. I guess we'll have to wait for the historians to document this one.
Also noteworthy is this bit highlighted by the Chicago Tribune's religion reporter, Manya Brachear:
Weaving biblical imagery with political promises, Obama, a member of Trinity United Church of Christ on Chicago's South Side, encouraged those in the audience to follow their consciences and fight for a better America.
"Doing the Lord's work is a thread that's run through our politics since the very beginning," Obama told church members. "And it puts the lie to the notion that the separation of church and state in America -- a principle we all must uphold and that I have embraced as a constitutional lawyer and most importantly as a Christian -- means faith should have no role in public life."
There you have it. Obama believes that separation of church and state does not mean that faith should have no role in public life. Now reporters need to hold him accountable for that position. Kudos to Brachear for leading with something newsworthy.


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Student Points Finger Like Gun, Gets Suspended Under Zero Tolerance Rules
from the zero-intelligence dept
If one were looking to find a singular, widespread example of the American people's abdication of common sense, the best of the available examples would have to be zero tolerance policies in schools. Think about it for a moment. Here we have a population consisting entirely of incomplete members of society, those that are still undergoing the learning and growth required to become fully functional members of our union. To treat that still-learning population with any measure of "zero tolerance" is antithetical in the extreme. These are the very people you would expect to make mistakes, to lack a full understanding of their surroundings and situations. They're the people in our culture most in need of tolerant learning opportunities, rather than the iron fist of bullshit justice.
Take the story reader kenichi tanaka writes us about, in which a youngster making the universal gun-symbol with one hand has ended up suspended from school. Keep in mind that Nathan Entingh is ten years old, was playing around with one of his friends, and that roughly every kid on the planet everywhere has done this exact same damned thing.
"He was pointing it at a friend's head and he said 'boom.' The kid didn't see it. No other kids saw it. But the teacher saw it," he said. "It wasn't threatening. It wasn't hostile. It was a 10-year-old kid playing."A level 2 look alike firearm? What the sweet hell does that mean? I'm just saying, I can make up nonsense levels about stuff, too, such as the policy on display here is a level 30 kind of stupid, with no save rolls for intelligence.
The next morning Paul Entingh escorted his son Nathan to the principal's office, where they met with Devonshire Alternative Elementary School Principal Patricia Price.
"She said if it happened again the suspension would be longer, if not permanent," said Entingh, who also received a letter explaining the reason for Nathan's suspension as a "level 2 look alike firearm."
Look, I think the American people have been pretty patient with this kind of BS, but enough is enough. To take a common pantomime like this and use it to suspend a confused ten year old for three days from his place of education doesn't make a lick of sense. Worse, what could have been a learning moment about why we might not want to see kids doing that kind of thing in school was instead turned into a learning moment about the injustice of zero tolerance laws. Well done all around, Ohio educational system!
When asked what has Nathan learned from this incident, Entingh paused, then scoffed: "He's learned never to make his fingers like a gun a school again. I don't know if you consider that a life lesson."In other words, no reason or context was taught, only uninformed respect for the power of authority. Yup, sounds about right.
Filed Under: devonshire alternative elementary, school, zero tolerance


text:
They started lining up before sunrise -- thousands of students and their parents waiting to secure one of the hundred spots that remained in the University of Johannesburg's incoming class. When the gates opened at 8 a.m. and unclaimed spots were filled, a stampede ensued, injuring dozens and killing the mother of a prospective student.
This may be a dramatic example of the challenges countries face in expanding higher education -- but it's also representative of troubling trends.
This year, more than 80,000 students applied for 11,000 slots at the University of Johannesburg in South Africa. At the same time, the city's Further Education Training (FET) colleges had more than 50,000 vacancies in their technical programs.
A technical degree is not a highly valued commodity in South Africa. With the jobless rate among young people hovering around 70%, competition is so intense that companies are only interested in hiring graduates with the best credentials and work experience. As a result, more than 600,000 college graduates are currently out of work.
This is common throughout the developing world. Budget constraints have reduced spots at public universities to the point where admission is extremely competitive. To increase their chances of being accepted, students often take years of private courses to boost their scores on entrance exams.
These courses don't come cheap, and neither do the private high schools that run them. So, the system perversely rewards the most educated -- who are also the most wealthy -- with free tuition, while most lower-income students never had a shot to begin with. Read more about the poverty-education cycle in a past blog on the topic.
In South Africa, only 15% of college-eligible students go on to pursue university-level degrees. Limited access is strongly concentrated among the black population and, more generally, in lower-income communities. This has been a volatile issue, as post-Apartheid governments have made promises to improve access to higher education for historically disadvantaged groups. Yet, time and time again this pledge has been stymied by rising per-student costs and shrinking budgets.
Tuition Addition
In 2005, tuition fees at South African public universities ranged from $2,575 to $7,385 annually. When adjusted for purchasing power, these fees equal approximately 70% of average GDP per capita. At this rate, families and students are currently paying tuition and fees equal to 25% of the government's total education budget. Add on taxes, and this number becomes nearly prohibitive for most South Africans. Still, alternative financing options are not available.
The government has instituted a wide-ranging student loan program meant to make cost-sharing more palatable. The National Student Financial Aid Scheme in South Africa (NSFAS) awards means-tested loans to students and parents to help cover a portion of their higher education fees. As of 2006, this program was serving 15% of all public university students, of which 98% came from disadvantaged groups.
Commercial banks constitute an alternative source of financing, also offering student loans. But stringent requirements for loan approval make it so that only the wealthiest families can apply. The rest are forced to seek out informal moneylenders who charge very high interest rates, usually upwards of 40% to 50% annually.
In short, access to financing remains a remote possibility for many low-income students that want to go to college.
Complex equations
The movement away from fully-subsidized education fuels potential for innovative models to address financial shortfalls. Some private schools have developed unique loan products to give disadvantaged students access to college. These programs have sought to combine cost-sharing mechanisms with realistic repayment schedules to extend financing to disadvantaged students.
In South Africa, schools have created flexible curricula to provide useful experience that gives students a leg up on the competition after graduation. One potential Kiva Field Partner combines undergraduate studies with part-time work opportunities, where students work to earn wages to pay for living expenses and acquire work experience. With employers unwilling to train new hires, the prospect of working while in college becomes a rare and valued commodity. In addition, much like work-study in the United States, the program helps students pay off their loans more quickly.
For years, many South Africans have had to literally push and shove their way into the best universities. Now, innovative programs are sprouting up to challenge the status quo and provide real solutions to the complex calculus that is the broken public university system.
At Kiva, we are working to help disadvantaged students go to college in South Africa and across the globe.
Ian Matthews is an intern on Kiva's Strategic Initiatives team, looking for new partners and loan products to extend opportunities and access to even more people around the world. Ian has an MSc in Global Politics from the London School of Economics and Political Science and has previously done field work in Honduras. Send him your feedback on this blog series at email@example.com.
This is part of a larger series on Kiva's strategic initiatives and innovative loan products, which are designed to expand opportunities for more borrowers. Kiva is excited to partner with schools that provide loans to disadvantaged students all over the world.
photos courtesy of Newhouse School, Matt Tomalty, Gates Foundation


text:
Has it already been three years? For some of you who wait with bated breath for every edition of the National Electrical Code, the 2005 NEC probably couldn't have come soon enough. For the rest of you who were just getting used to the 2002 edition, though, it no doubt seems like just yesterday that the NEC underwent a massive renumbering effort and AFCIs became a requirement for all 125V bedroom outlets.
But it's not like you didn't know it was coming. And just as predictable as the arrival of each new edition of the NEC is, so is EC&M's coverage of the changes most likely to affect you. This time we're mixing things up a bit. Instead of bogging you down with countless minute changes that might never rear their heads in your work in the field, we've enlisted Mike Holt to narrow the field to the Top 25 need-to-know revisions, as excerpted from his book, Mike Holt's Illustrated Guide — Changes to the NEC 2005. Regardless of what you do or where you work, these are the changes that are sure to pop up sooner or later. But because everyone's job is different and no two people will be affected the same, we're skipping a subjective ranking of all 25 and presenting them in the order they appear in the 2005 NEC. And for those of you in jurisdictions still using the 1996 or 1999 Code, well, consider the following a preview of what you have to look forward to in nine years or so.
As you read through this analysis, you'll notice we've used several different type faces. Blue text is a slightly reworded representation of what appears in the Code. Underlined blue text represents Code text that has either been changed or added.
And because we know you can't get enough Code change info, we'll be highlighting one additional change not listed here in each issue of our e-mail newsletter dedicated to the NEC, CodeWatch, beginning on Dec. 8 and continuing throughout 2005. Don't receive CodeWatch? Visit www.ecmweb.com and click on "subscriptions" to sign up.
The text was revised to require all 15A and 20A, 125V receptacles within 6 feet of the dwelling unit laundry or utility sink to be GFCI protected. Irons, hair dryers, and similar items with ungrounded polarized and nonpolarized cord caps are commonly used in this area and present the same shock hazard found in other areas where the NEC currently requires GFCI protection.
(A) Dwelling Units
(7) Laundry, Utility, and Wet Bar Sinks. GFCI protection is required for all 15 and 20A, 125V receptacles located within an arc measurement of 6 ft from the dwelling unit laundry, utility, and wet bar sink. (Fig. 1 )
The GFCI protection requirement for commercial kitchens was clarified by adding a definition of a kitchen. This new requirement expands the GFCI protection requirements for 15A or 20A, 125V receptacles to include receptacles that are located outdoors and accessible to the public.
(B) Other Than Dwelling Units
(2) Commercial and Institutional Kitchens. All 15 and 20A, 125V receptacles installed in kitchens, even those that do not supply the countertop surface, must be GFCI protected.
Author's Comment: GFCI protection is required for all 15A and 20A, 125V receptacles installed in kitchens, even if not readily accessible or on a dedicated branch circuit for a specific cord-and-plug connected appliance. (Fig. 2)
For the purposes of this section, a kitchen is defined as an area with a sink and permanent facilities for food preparation and cooking.
Author's Comment: This definition distinguishes commercial and institutional kitchens from those areas often found in employee break rooms that might have a portable cooking appliance.
New text was added that calls for the installation of GFCI-protected receptacles in all outdoor public spaces accessible to the public.
(4) Outdoor Public Spaces. All 15 and 20A, 125V receptacles installed in a public space that is for use by or is accessible to the public must be GFCI protected. (Fig. 3)
Ex: GFCI protection isn't required for a fixed electric snow-melting or de-icing equipment receptacle that isn't readily accessible. See 426.28.
Author's Comment: GFCI protection isn't required for receptacles located outside of commercial and industrial occupancies where the general public doesn't have access. (Fig. 4)
Text was revised to require that all dwelling unit bedroom branch-circuit AFCI protection devices must be listed as a "Combination Type AFCI," effective Jan. 1, 2008. And a new exception permits AFCI protection by a device that isn't a circuit breaker, such as a receptacle, but only if it meets stringent requirements.
(B) Dwelling Unit Bedroom Circuits. All 15 or 20A, 120V branch circuits that supply outlets in dwelling unit bedrooms must be AFCI-protected by a listed arc-fault circuit interrupter. (Fig. 5)
Author's Comment: Smoke detectors connected to a 15A or 20A circuit must be AFCI-protected if the smoke detector is located in the bedroom of a dwelling unit. The exemption of AFCI protection for the fire alarm circuit (760.21 and 760.41) doesn't apply to the smoke detector circuit, because a smoke detector circuit isn't defined as a fire alarm circuit; it's an "alarm circuit" (See NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code).
After January 1, 2008 (basically a 2008 NEC requirement), AFCI protection shall be provided by a combination type AFCI protection device.
Author's Comment: Combination type AFCI protection devices provide improved safety performance over existing AFCI protection devices, because the combination type is designed to detect arcs as low as 5A peak. Existing branch-circuit AFCI circuit breakers are designed to operate when the arcs exceeds 75A peak.
See UL 1699, Standard for Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupters (www.UL.com) for information on the differences between a branch-circuit type AFCI and a combination type AFCI.
Ex: The location of the AFCI can be at other than the origination of the branch circuit if in compliance with (a) and (b).
(a) The AFCI is installed within 6 ft of the branch-circuit overcurrent device as measured along the branch-circuit conductors.
(b) The circuit conductors between the branch-circuit overcurrent device and the AFCI must be installed in a metal raceway or a cable with a metallic sheath.
Author's Comment: The 120V circuit limitation means that AFCI protection isn't required for equipment rated 230V, such as a baseboard heater or room air-conditioner.
The structural metal member bonding requirements that were located in 250.30(A)(3)(d) and 250.104(A)(1) were combined and relocated to 250.104(D) to improve NEC usability.
(D) Separately Derived Systems. Metal water pipe systems and structural metal that is interconnected to form a building frame must be bonded to the separately derived systems in accordance with (1), (2) and (3).
(1) In the area served by a separately derived system the nearest available point of the metal water piping system must be bonded to the grounded (neutral) terminal of the separately derived system. The bonding at the separately derived system must be at the same location where the grounding electrode conductor and system jumper terminates [250.32(A)]. (Fig. 6)
The bonding jumper for the metal water pipe system must be sized in accordance with Table 250.66, based on the largest ungrounded conductor of the separately derived system.
Ex. 1: A bonding jumper from the metal water piping system to the separately derived system isn't required if the water pipe is used as the grounding (earthing) electrode for the separately derived system.
Ex. 2: A separate bonding jumper to the metal water pipe isn't required where the metal frame of the building or structure is used as the grounding (earthing) electrode for a separately derived system and is bonded to the metal water pipe in the area served by the separately derived system. (Fig. 7)
(2) Structural Metal. Where exposed structural metal that is interconnected to form the building frame exists in the area served by the separately derived system, it must be bonded to the grounded (neutral) conductor of each separately derived system. This connection must be made at the same point on the separately derived system where the grounding electrode conductor is connected. Each bonding jumper must be sized in accordance with Table 250.66 based on the largest ungrounded conductor of the separately derived system.
Ex 1: A separate bonding jumper to the building structural metal isn't required where the metal frame of a building or structure is used as the grounding electrode for the separately derived system.
Ex 2: A separate bonding jumper to the building structural metal isn't required where the water piping of a building or structure is used as the grounding electrode for a separately derived system and is bonded to the building structural metal in the area served by the separately derived system.
(3) Common Grounding Electrode Conductor. Where a common grounding electrode conductor is installed for multiple separately derived systems as permitted by 250.30(A)(4), and exposed structural metal that is interconnected to form the building frame or interior metal piping exists in the area served by the separately derived system, the metal piping and the structural metal member must be bonded to the common grounding electrode conductor.
Ex: A separate bonding jumper from each derived system to metal water piping and to structural metal members isn't required where the metal water piping and the structural metal members in the area served by the separately derived system are bonded to the common grounding electrode conductor.
The text added to the definition of an effective ground-fault current path is intended to help the Code user understand that its purpose is to help clear a ground fault by facilitating the operation of the overcurrent device.
Effective Ground-Fault Current Path. An intentionally constructed, permanent, low-impedance conductive path designed to carry fault current from the point of a ground fault on a wiring system to the grounded (neutral) point at the electrical supply source. (Fig. 8)
The effective ground-fault current path is intended to facilitate the operation of the circuit overcurrent protective device, or the ground-fault detector on a high-impedance grounded system. (Fig. 9)
This change clarifies that swift operation of an overcurrent protection device in the presence of a ground fault depends upon the existence of an effective ground-fault current path from the point of the fault to the power supply neutral.
The last sentence was revised to make it clear that the earth can't be used as the effective ground-fault current path. It won't facilitate the opening of the circuit protection device from a ground fault.
(A) Solidly-Grounded Systems.
(5) Effective Ground-Fault Current Path. Electrical raceways, cables, enclosures, and equipment, as well as other electrically conductive material that are "likely to become energized," must be installed in a manner that creates a permanent, low-impedance path that facilitates the operation of the circuit overcurrent device or ground-fault detector for high-impedance grounded systems. (Fig. 10 above right)
The effective ground-fault current path must be capable of safely carrying the maximum fault current likely to be imposed on it from any point on the wiring system where a ground fault may occur to the electrical supply source neutral (110.10).
Author's Comment: Clearing ground faults (line-to-case faults) is accomplished by bonding all metal parts of electrical equipment and conductive material likely to become energized to the power-supply grounded (neutral) terminal.
Another factor necessary to help ensure an effective ground-fault current path is that all circuit conductors [ungrounded, grounded and the equipment grounding (bonding) conductor] must be grouped together in the same raceway, cable, or trench [300.3(B), 300.5(I), and 300.20(A)]. (Fig. 11 above)
The earth isn't considered an effective ground-fault current path. (Fig. 12)
The words "if available" have been replaced with "are present." The effect is that a concrete-encased electrode (Ufer) is always required for new construction, because it is present. However, a new exception adds clarity that a concrete-encased electrode [250.52(A)(3)] isn't required for existing buildings or structures.
All grounding electrodes as described in 250.52(A)(1) through (A)(6) that are present at each building or structure must be bonded together to form the grounding electrode system. (Fig. 13)
Ex: Concrete-encased electrodes are not required for existing buildings or structures where the conductive steel reinforcing bars aren't accessible without disturbing the concrete.
The language in the 2002 NEC was vague and subject to wide interpretation as it described when the metal frame of a building or structure could serve as a grounding electrode. The new text establishes the requirement for the structural metal electrode. In addition, listed galvanized rods of the 0.5-inch diameter are now permitted.
(A) Electrodes Permitted for Grounding.
(2) Metal Frame of the Building or Structure Electrode. The metal frame of the building or structure can serve as a grounding electrode, where any of the following methods exist:
(a) 10 ft or more of a single structural metal member is in direct contact with the earth or encased in concrete that is in direct contact with the earth
(b) The structural metal is bonded to an electrode as defined in 250.52(A)(1), (3), or (4)
(c) The structural metal is bonded to two ground rods if the ground resistance of a single ground rod exceeds 25 ohms [250.52(A)(5) and 250.56]
(d) Other means approved by the authority having jurisdiction
Author's Comment: The intent is that the metal used in the building structure be of substantial cross-sectional area ("I" beams, columns, channel, and angle iron). It doesn't include items like sheet metal studs that are made of much thinner metal.
The grounding electrode conductor to the metal frame of a building or structure must be sized in accordance with Table 250.66. (Fig. 14)
(5) Ground Rod Electrodes. Ground rod electrodes must not be less than 8 ft long and must have not less than 8 ft of length in contact with the soil [250.53(G)].
(a) Electrodes of pipe or conduit must not be smaller than 3/4 inch and, where of iron or steel, must have the outer surface galvanized or otherwise metal-coated for corrosion protection.
(b) Rod. Unlisted ground rod must have a diameter of at least 5/8 in., whereas listed ground rods only require a diameter of 1/2 in.
A new FPN alerts the designer to consider elevated ambient temperatures when raceways are installed outdoors in direct sunlight in close proximity to rooftops.
Conductors cannot be used where the operating temperature exceeds that designated for the type of insulated conductor involved.
FPN No. 2: Conductors installed in conduit exposed to direct sunlight in close proximity to rooftops have been shown, under certain conditions, to experience an increase in temperature of 30°F above ambient temperature. (Fig. 15)
Author's Comment: A Fine Print Note (FPN) is for information only and isn't intended to be enforceable [90.5(C)].
This new section contains the requirements for handhole enclosures.
Handhole enclosures must be designed and installed to withstand all loads likely to be imposed.
FPN: See ANSI/SCTE 77, Specification for Underground Enclosure Integrity, for additional information on deliberate and nondeliberate traffic loading that can be expected to bear on underground enclosures.
(A) Size. Handhole enclosures must be sized in accordance with 314.28(A). For handhole enclosures without bottoms, the measurement to the removable cover is taken from the end of the conduit or cable assembly.
(B) Mechanical Connection. Underground raceways and cable entering a handhole enclosure aren't required to be mechanically connected to the handhole enclosure. (Fig. 16)
(C) Handhole Enclosures Without Bottoms. All splices or terminations must be listed as suitable for wet locations.
(D) Covers. Handhole enclosure covers must have an identifying mark or logo that prominently identifies the function of the enclosure, such as "electric."
Handhole enclosure covers must require the use of tools to open, or they must weigh over 100 lb. Metal covers and other exposed conductive surfaces must be bonded to an effective ground fault current path in accordance with 250.96(A) [250.4(A)(3)].
This new paragraph permits flexible cords to be installed in aboveground raceways in industrial environments in lengths up to 50 feet, but only under restricted conditions.
Flexible cords must be protected by bushings or fittings where passing through holes in covers, outlet boxes, or similar enclosures.
In industrial establishments where the conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons will service the installation, flexible cords not exceeding 50 ft can be installed in above ground raceways.
The wording has been revised to clarify where a receptacle isn't permitted in a bathroom.
(C) Bathtub and Shower Space. Receptacles must not be installed within or directly over a bathtub or shower stall. (Fig. 17)
Author's Comment: Receptacles must be located no less than 5 feet from any spa or hot tub [680.21(A)(1) and 680.43(A)(1)].
This new rule specifies when luminaires with metal halide lamps are to be provided with a method to help contain the arc at end-of-life arc-tube failures.
(F) High-Intensity Discharge Luminaires.
(5) Metal Halide Lamp Containment. Luminaires containing metal halide lamps, other than a thick-glass parabolic reflector lamp (PAR), must be provided with a containment barrier that encloses the lamp or the luminaire must only allow the use of a Type "O" lamp. (Fig. 18)
Author's Comment: Fires have resulted from the spillage of hot arc-tube particles from metal halide lamp failures. "O-rated" lamps have been designed to meet the ANSI containment test for the installation of the metal halide lamp in an open fixture.
This rule was added to require disconnecting means for fluorescent luminaires that have double-ended lamps and contain ballasts. However, it isn't effective until Jan. 1, 2008.
(G) Disconnecting Means. In indoor locations, other than dwellings and associated accessory structures, fluorescent luminaires that utilize double-ended lamps and contain ballast(s) that can be serviced in place or re-ballasted must have a disconnecting means, to disconnect simultaneously all conductors of the ballast, including the grounded (neutral) conductor if any. The disconnecting means must be accessible to qualified persons. This requirement will become effective January 1, 2008 (Basically a 2008 NEC requirement).
Author's Comment: Changing the ballast out while the circuit feeding the luminaire is energized has become a regular practice, because a local disconnect isn't available. Also, ballasts are often serviced from a ladder, adding the possibility of increased injury from a fall. The rule requires the disconnecting means to open "all circuit conductors," including the grounded (neutral) conductor. If the grounded (neutral) conductor in a multiwire circuit isn't disconnected at the same time as the ungrounded conductor, a false sense of security could result in an unexpected shock, and its consequences from the grounded (neutral) conductor.
Ex 1: A disconnecting means isn't required for luminaires installed in hazardous (classified) location(s).
Ex 2: A disconnecting means isn't required for emergency illumination required in 700.16.
Ex 3: For cord-and-plug-connected luminaires, an accessible separable connector or an accessible plug and receptacle is permitted to serve as the disconnecting means.
Ex 4: A disconnecting means isn't required in industrial establishments with restricted public access where written procedures and conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons service the installation.
Ex 5: Where more than one luminaire is installed and supplied by other than a multiwire branch circuit, a disconnecting means isn't required for every luminaire when the design of the installation includes locally accessible disconnects, such that the illuminated space won't be left in total darkness
Because of three recent deaths, a new Code section requires GFCI protection for cord-and-plug-connected vending machines.
Cord-and-plug-connected vending machines manufactured or re-manufactured on or after January 1, 2005 must include a ground-fault circuit interrupter as an integral part of the attachment plug. Cord-and-plug-connected vending machines not incorporating integral GFCI protection must be connected to a GFCI-protected outlet.
Author's Comment: This change was driven by three electrocutions since 1995; two of the victims were children who touched the energized metal parts of a vending machine. Because electric vending machines are often located in damp or wet locations in public places, and are used by people standing on the ground, reliance on an equipment grounding (bonding) conductor for protection against electrocution is insufficient.
This new section requires GFCI protection for 15A and 20A, 125V receptacles where aircraft might undergo service, repairs, or alterations.
GFCI protection for personnel is required for all 15 and 20A, 125V receptacles used for service and repair operations, such as electrical diagnostic equipment, electrical hand-tools, portable lighting devices, etc. (Fig. 19)
Author's Comment: Personnel who service and maintain aircraft use the same hand tools and equipment that are used in commercial garages, which requires GFCI protection.
The term "equipotential bonding" was added to the title to clarify that the purpose of bonding is to reduce electric shock from stray voltage.
And a Fine Print Note was converted into a Code requirement to specify that "equipotential bonding conductors aren't required to extend to any panelboard, service equipment, or an electrode."
(A) Performance. Equipotential bonding is intended to reduce or eliminate voltage gradients from stray voltage in the permanently installed pool, outdoor spa, and outdoor hot tub area by forming a common bonding grid.
Author's Comment: Equipotential bonding isn't intended to provide a low-impedance ground-fault current path to help assist in clearing a ground fault.
The 8 AWG or larger solid copper equipotential bonding conductor [680.26(C)] isn't required to be extended to or attached to any panelboard, service equipment, or an electrode.
This change requires an equipotential bonding grid to be installed to reduce voltage gradients in and around permanently installed pools, outdoor spas, and outdoor hot tubs.
(B) Bonded Parts. The following parts of a permanently installed pool, outdoor spa, and outdoor hot tub must be bonded to a equipotential bonding grid of the type specified in 680.26(C).
Author's Comment: See 680.42(B) for the bonding methods permitted for outdoor spas and hot tubs.
(1) Metallic Parts of Structure. All metallic parts of the water structure, including the reinforcing metal of the permanently installed pool, outdoor spa, and outdoor hot tub shell and deck, must be bonded to the equipotential grid. The usual steel tie wires are considered suitable for bonding the reinforcing steel together for this purpose. Welding or special clamping is not required, but the tie wires must be made tight. (Fig. 20)
Where the reinforcing steel of the permanently installed pool, outdoor spa, and outdoor hot tub shell and deck are encapsulated with a nonconductive compound or if it's not available, an equipotential grid constructed in accordance with 680.26(C) must be installed to mask stray voltage gradients.
(2) Underwater Lighting. All metal forming shells for underwater permanently installed pool, outdoor spa, and outdoor hot tub luminaires and speakers.
(3) Metal Fittings. Metal fittings within or attached to the permanently installed pool, outdoor spa, and outdoor hot tub structure, such as ladders and handrails.
(4) Electrical Equipment. Metal parts of electrical equipment associated with the permanently installed pool, outdoor spa, and outdoor hot tub water circulating system, such as water heaters and pump motors. Accessible metal parts of listed equipment incorporating a system of double insulation and providing a means for grounding internal metal parts are not required to be directly bonded to the equipotential grid.
(5) Metal Wiring Methods and Equipment. Metal-sheathed cables and raceways, metal piping, and all fixed metal parts, as well as metallic surfaces of electrical equipment, must be bonded to the equipotential grid if located:
(1) Within 5 ft horizontally of the inside walls of the permanently installed pool, and outdoor spa or hot tub, and
(2) Within 12 ft measured vertically above the maximum water level of the permanently installed pool, outdoor spa, and outdoor hot tub, or any observation stands, towers, or platforms or any diving structures.
An equipotential grid is now required in or under the permanently installed pool, outdoor spa, and outdoor hot tub deck to help mask stray voltage from utility wiring errors, deteriorating primary utility neutral conductors, ground faults that haven't cleared, as well as appliance and equipment leakage current.
(C) Equipotential Grid. A solid copper conductor not smaller than 8 AWG must be used to bond the metallic parts of a permanently installed pool, outdoor spa, and outdoor hot tub as specified in 680.26(B) to an equipotential grid. The termination of the bonding conductor must be made by exothermic welding, listed pressure connectors, or listed clamps that are suitable for the purpose. (Fig. 21)
To properly mask stray voltage, an equipotential grid must extend under the permanently installed pool, outdoor spa, and outdoor hot tub, and walking surfaces for 3 ft horizontally from the water. The equipotential grid must be formed from one or more of the following: (Fig. 22 below)
(1) Structural Reinforcing Steel. Structural reinforcing steel of the concrete permanently installed pool, outdoor spa, and outdoor hot tub.
(2) Bolted or Welded Metal Pools. The walls of a bolted or welded metal permanently installed pool, outdoor spa, and outdoor hot tub.
(3) Other Methods. The equipotential grid can be constructed as specified in (a) through (c).
(a) Materials and Connections. The equipotential grid can be constructed with 8 AWG bare solid copper conductors that are bonded to each other at all points of crossing.
(b) Grid. The equipotential grid must cover the contour of the permanently installed pool, outdoor spa, and outdoor hot tub, and deck extending 3 ft horizontally from the water. The equipotential grid must be arranged in a 1 ft × 1 ft network of conductors in a uniformly spaced perpendicular grid pattern with a tolerance of 4 in.
(c) Securing. The equipotential grid must be secured.
A new sentence clarifies that the "carry the locked rotor current indefinitely" requirement only applies to sizing the fire pump circuit protective devices, not the circuit conductors to the fire pump motor.
(B) Supervised Connection.
(1) Overcurrent Device Selection. The overcurrent protective device(s) must be selected or set to carry indefinitely the sum of the locked-rotor current of the fire pump motor(s) and the pressure maintenance pump motor(s) and the full-load current of the associated fire pump accessory equipment when connected to this power supply. The requirement to carry the locked-rotor currents indefinitely does not apply to fire pump motor conductors.
The text was revised to alert Code users that the branch-circuit conductors for a fire pump motor are sized in accordance with 430.22. In addition, branch-circuit conductors must be sized to accommodate the voltage drop requirements of 695.7.
(C) Conductor Size.
(1) Fire Pump Motors and Other Equipment. Conductors supplying fire pump motors and accessory equipment must be sized no less than 125 percent of the sum of the motor full-load currents as listed in Table 430.248 or 430.250, plus 100 percent of the ampere rating of the fire pumps accessory equipment.
(2) Fire Pump Motors Only. Conductors supplying a single fire pump motor must be sized in accordance with the requirements of 430.22.
Author's Comment: This means that the branch-circuit conductors to a single fire pump motor must have an ampere rating of not less than 125% of the fire pump motor full-load current (FLC) as listed in Table 430.248 or 430.250.
Question: What size conductor is required for a 25-hp, 208V 3-phase fire pump motor? (Fig. 23)
(a) 4 AWG (b) 3 AWG (c) 2 AWG (d) 1 AWG Conductors sized at 125% of the motor's FLC in Table 430.250
FLC of 25 hp = 74.8A, Table 430.250
Conductor = 74.8A × 1.25
Conductor = 93.5A
Answer: 3 AWG at 75°C is rated 100A
Note: Fire pump motor circuit protective device size must be set to carry indefinitely the sum of the locked-rotor current of the fire pump motor. According to Table 430.151(B), the locked-rotor current of a 25-hp, 208V 3-phase motor is 404A.
In addition, branch circuit conductors for a fire pump motor must be sized to accommodate the voltage drop requirements of 695.7.
The overcurrent protective device of an emergency power system must now be selectively coordinated. This means circuit protection schemes confine the interruption to a particular area. For example with selective coordination, if a short circuit or ground fault occurs in a branch circuit, the only protection device that will open will be the one protecting just that branch circuit. Without selective overcurrent protection coordination, the feeder circuit protection device might open, leaving the entire system without power.
Overcurrent protection devices for emergency power systems must be selectively coordinated with all supply side overcurrent protective devices.
This new rule prohibits AFCI protection of the 120V circuit that supplies power for a nonpower-limited fire alarm system.
The power source for a nonpower-limited fire alarm circuit cannot be supplied through groundfault circuit interrupters or arc-fault circuit interrupters. (Fig. 24 at right)
Author's Comment: This GFCI/AFCI limitation only applies to the circuit that supplies a nonpower-limited fire alarm system. Smoke detectors connected to a 15A or 20A, 120V circuit must be AFCI-protected if located in the bedroom of a dwelling unit [210.12(B)] because according to NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code, the circuit for the smoke detectors isn't the power source of a nonpower-limited fire alarm circuit.
A new FPN alerts the Code user to a comprehensive standard that identifies what "installed in a neat and workmanlike manner" means.
Equipment and cabling must be installed in a neat and workmanlike manner.
FPN: Information describing industry practices can be found in ANSI/NECA/BICSI 568, Standard for Installing Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling.


text:
COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) — Juan Agudelo scored midway through the first half and the New England Revolution beat the Columbus Crew 1-0 on Sunday to qualify for the postseason for the first time since 2009.
The Revolution (14-11-9) needed to win their regular-season finale because Houston defeated D.C. United earlier in the day to also reach 51 points. New England moved from sixth in the Eastern Conference, one spot out of the playoffs, to third because it owns the tiebreaker against Houston.
New England finished the season with a 4-0-2 stretch and will take on Sporting Kansas City in the first round of the playoffs next weekend.
"It's a credit all our guys because it wasn't the prettiest game," Revolution coach Jay Heaps said. "They showed a lot more heart than any game I've seen because there were situations we had to fight and dig in deep. We lost the possession battle but every other battle I felt we won."
Agudelo completed a crafty give-and-go with Lee Nguyen on the right side of the box and put away his ninth goal from 12 yards in the 28th minute.
The Crew (12-17-5) dropped their second straight game.
"There was no rhythm to the game unfortunately," Crew interim coach Brian Bliss said. "That was their game plan. It worked."
The Crew had a large portion of the possession to that point but a quick counterattack set the stage for New England to take the lead, thanks to the passing of Nguyen, who returned after serving a one-game suspension for yellow card accumulation.
"Having that week off I was fresh," Nguyen said. "I wanted to contribute as much as I could. Everybody worked so hard to make it happen."
Agudelo has seven goals and one assist in 14 games since being acquired from Chivas USA on May 7. He was proud of how the Revolution was able to preserve the lead.
"It's something we've been doing the last couple of games," he said. "We were confident but not too confident. Our defense played awesome to finish it up. We've got one of the best defenses in the league."


text:
Riddler of the Year 2010 - Leader Board.. Apr 29, 2010 9:39:50 GMT 2
Riddler of the Year 2010 - Leader Board..
janiemou: Are you surviving the rain Kaz? Jun 12, 2019 16:35:23 GMT 2
kaz: Just about janiemou..its raining now,,grey skies and windy its " s'windy, loved your pics of the sea....not been up on the sea wall since accident, maybe soon,getting around I bit better now............rain just stopped!! strange weather?? take care xx . Jun 13, 2019 10:30:37 GMT 2
janiemou: Strange weather everywhere Kaz Jun 15, 2019 10:48:25 GMT 2
kaz: Hope you are both well Jan & Steve and enjoying the Roda sun!!!....the days here have been dry but humid,phew..........not able to get to Roda again this year ( I miss it so much) never mind, one day..take care, love Kaz & Rosie xxx Jul 15, 2019 16:43:37 GMT 2
janiemou: Hi Kaz,I had pretty good weather when on quick trip back to the UK, not been so good since I have been back. Hopefully it will be better tomorrow. Jul 16, 2019 14:36:06 GMT 2
kaz: Hi Janiemou.........as you may have heard, we had a Heat Wave for two days here.....my was it hot?? shouldn't complain though only it hasn't stopped raining to-day...we can't win can we?? Hope you and Steve are keeping well and still enjoying life......... Jul 27, 2019 16:04:20 GMT 2
kaz: Not able to make Roda again this year.....family holidays in progress!!!So it will be just me n Rosie up on the sea wall!!! take care..love Kaz xx Jul 27, 2019 16:07:29 GMT 2
janiemou: Oh Kaz, we will miss you, as will Roda. Jul 27, 2019 17:37:57 GMT 2
kaz: I will miss you to...............one day a? Aug 3, 2019 13:00:50 GMT 2
kaz: Nice cooling rain here in Kent after 2days of sweltering SUN...shouldn't complain though should I.....I have friends on their way to Roda at the wkend staying at the Afroditi, I expect you will know them..........just wish I could be there with them. Enjoy Aug 28, 2019 20:34:49 GMT 2
kaz: :-[ Aug 28, 2019 20:36:04 GMT 2
janiemou: Maureen is here as well staying at her usual place. We had at chat as she was on her way to Newport for dinner. Aug 29, 2019 10:40:04 GMT 2
janiemou: Kaz saw Sheila today walking passed on her way to Newport. Sept 1, 2019 17:00:28 GMT 2
kaz: EVERYONE in Roda except poor me!!!!I hope you are feeling sorry for me???...say hello to all for me..enjoy xxx Sept 2, 2019 19:14:04 GMT 2
janiemou: Kaz we know how much you want to be here, and the weather at the moment is so nice. Sept 7, 2019 10:02:48 GMT 2
artisans: Missing you, kaz .... Sept 10, 2019 16:14:31 GMT 2
kaz: Just got on my 'puter..thanks for missing me!!...I am there in spirit (always)just wish my BODY was !!!never mind, next year with luck ( before I have to use a walking frame!!!)glad the weather is good for you all....hold on, just want to wipe the tears Sept 11, 2019 19:50:02 GMT 2
kaz: Now my puter is playing up.......I cant win Sept 11, 2019 19:53:37 GMT 2
kaz: Hope Forum meetings are going well?? I miss them too xxxx Sept 11, 2019 20:01:03 GMT 2
kaz: Weather in Kent is very hot...........still not as nice as being in Roda!!! Sept 17, 2019 16:19:06 GMT 2


text:
Find trade schools and institutions listed by state. Click on a state from the list below to begin your search.
There are many trade schools in the US , offering a vocational training in a number of different trades and skills. Usually you attend a trade school when you are serving an apprenticeship or training in a specific trade, and at the end of your vocational program you will be awarded certificates in the specific skills that you have acquired.
There are many different careers that require a trade school education, from all kinds of hairdressing, cosmetology and beauty trades to aviation and auto mechanics, plumbing, electricians, carpenters, and sheet metal workers. Trade schools for specific areas such as flying, marine and air navigation and air traffic control also exist. You may also attend trade school to learn about many technological, culinary and healthcare skills. Trade schools sometimes may have specific affiliation with trade unions or industries, or offer certain categories of apprenticeship.


text:
Welcome to Juba!!
I am sure sure you will enjoy your stay in this warm and peaceful new country with friendly people and a wide variety of facilities and entertainment.
Juba is the fastest growing city in the world. The country is developing very rapidly with unlimited opportunities for investment and cooperation. There is an abundance of natural resources, jungles, both white and blue river Nile, minerals and oil, an un-spoilt paradise. South Sudan boasts the second largest wildlife migration in the world. The country held a referendum in January 2011, and almost 100 percent of the population voted for independence, thus the country became independent on July 9th, 2011. There was a lot of excitement and celebrations. This is a great time to visit and see the newest Nation in the world.
This is the only travel guide for the city.
Travel is my hobby, I made this free site for you to enjoy Juba as much as I do. I have visited all the Hotels, Restaurants, Clubs and other places included in this site, as well as many others. I have worked for four of the organizations listed here over the last ten or so years. There are lots more fun places in Juba but I only included those premium places I enjoyed. I welcome any constructive comments and I will add or amend any text (after confirming the accuracy) for free as long as I feel it will improve the site.Feel free to pay for a banner ad at the top of a page or sponsor the website.
As the city is growing rapidly the information on this web site is also dynamic. I am constantly amending the Guide during my spare time. I encourage comments, observations and suggestions for improvement. I have received sponsorship from a local foundation, thanks to the Deng Foundation for their support. Alvin, my nephew, came to visit, he wrote a journal of his arduous bus ride here, it is in the 'Jokes' Page
* From 1 December 2011 the Telephone Country code changed from +249 (Sudan) and +256 (Uganda) to +211 (South Sudan). Please note all telephone contacts in the country posted on the internet up to November 2011 are now not correct.
Please help make this the premier website for the global audience.
With great Pleasure,
The Editor. www. JubaTravelGuide.com, July 2011.
notice board - Please send me any notices you want posted here.
Older posts:
WET AND WILD BIKINI PARTY Will be on Sunday afternoon 20 November at the new swimming pool at Rock City called 'chez Solomon'. The place is now managed by Amul Behera formerly manager at Oasis Hotel. The event is hosted by a local radio DJ from Uganda. At the last party in October there were hundreds of beauties in bikinis while lots of guys were ogling the chicks while drinking beer and listening to loud music. The best party I have ever seen in Juba. Don't miss it. Ends early so do not worry about the curfew or your daughter out late!!
SOUTH SUDAN BUSINESS CLUB REGULAR MONTHLY NETWORKING EVENT 23/11/2011, 18:00 pm, Juba Grand Hotel, Moat Conference Centre. A dedicated business to business network for the Business community in South Sudan. The SSBC web site also provides on spot company profile, information, and research data to assist in the education about the vibrant diversity of the Businesses in South Sudan and help makes the right choice when buying. There is an entry cost of 50 SSP for attendees, The entry Fee`s include food and beverages. 0955 898 888 or firstname.lastname@example.com
South Sudan Agricultural Trade fairAt Nyakuron Cultural center from 7-12 November 2011. This is organized by the Ministry of Agricultural and Forestry in partnership with the FARM Project and other line Ministries (Ministry of Animal Resources Fisheries, Ministry of commerce). The objective of the event is to bring together importers, local traders, producers, input suppliers to find business opportunities, learn new technologies, meet with international and national representatives and gain shares in the growing South Sudan market.
Come and participate in the fair as exhibitors, sponsors of farmers or sponsors of programs of the fair
For further information on attending the fair please contact Titia Esther on this mail firstname.lastname@example.com or call 0955186036, Jacob Kuol Mawut The FARM Project, Vivacell + 211 957 103049, Gemtel + 211 477 103049
MISS MALAIKA BEAUTY CONTEST 28 October 2011 – Preliminary round, 50 SSP Entrance, Nyakuron Cultural Center 7.30 pm. Come and see the most beautiful ladies in the Republic of South Sudan
German -African Business Group are visiting Juba between October 19th October 21st , hosted by South Sudan Business Club. A Businessman to Businessman meeting will take place on Friday October 21st: Place: Sahara Resort Hotel, Air Port Road, Time: 09:00 Am -13:00 PM, Charges : Free. Kindly RSVP by e-mailing your name, Guest to: meetings@ southsudanbc.com. We look forward to seeing you. Web: southsudanbc.com Tel: +249 (0) 925 440058
South Sudan Business Club Regular Monthly Networking event Wednesday 19/10/2011, 18:00 pm, Juba Grand Hotel, Moat Conference Centre You're invited to SSBC monthly Networking! It's a dedicated business to business network for the Business community 0955 898 888 or drop us an e-mail to: email@example.com.
Friday 1 July was a Gala Dinner for the Rotary Club of Juba at Mai Thai Restaurant, Home and Away complex.
Sunday 3 July was a Banking and Money Transfer roadshow by NVK. All Kenyans were welcomed for a demonstratiob on the revolutionary new worldwide money transfer system that even allows online banking and online trading on the NSE.
Saturday 14 May 2011 Home and Away launched their new Disco.
SOUTH SUDAN RAFTING ADVENTURE – we will be running White Water Rafting expedition trips (mind blowing stuff ) next week and the week after. 2nd Trip – Mon 18th April – Fri 22nd April 2011 – 3 spaces remaining. 3rd Trip – Mon 25th April – Friday 29th – 4 spaces remaining. If you are interested please let me know. These trips are being charges at cost- you will never get these rates again – don't miss out and Welcome. Andrew B Belcher: email@example.com or email@example.com
Beer and Jogging The 250th Hash will be held on Saturday, February 26th at the "Ronco Compound", part of AFEX Riverside Hotel. Tickets are 50SDG including a tasty barbeque.
Tuesday, April 12, 2011, 3:01 PM
Good evening
Have just spent the last 2 hours reading your great website... I am due to leave next week my cold-Europe to work in warm-Juba for a few months, and reading your website made me want to be there now, see the things you described with my own eyes and meet locals... I just can't wait! Great great source of information, I can't thank you enough for this! Best regards, Yves
To: "firstname.lastname@example.com" <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Date: Wednesday, March 16, 2011, 7:51 AM
Hi, We often recommend our visitors to have a look at your webpage, as it provides good information about Juba. Please notice that the updated contact information for the Royal Norwegian Consulate General in Juba is E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Phone: +249 959 000 257. Thanks!
Regards, Kari Voss Sørhus, Administrative Officer, Royal Norwegian Consulate General , Juba, Sudan
From: GSCHAIDER, Elisabeth
Subject: GREAT
To: firstname.lastname@example.com
Date: Friday, August 13, 2010, 6:38 AM
You did very well!
I wrote and edited a Bosnia and Herzegovina - travel guide and know therefore how much work the collection of information is. I don't know if I ever make it to South Sudan, but you did really well in presenting its capital very well.
From: Brenda
Subject: Brilliant!
To: firstname.lastname@example.com
Date: Sunday, August 1, 2010, 9:49 AM
Hello, I have arrived in Juba (for the second time), and wanted to write a guide for new arrivals to Juba... but after finding your website, I can't imagine what more needs to be said. Great job, thank you.
Date: Sunday, July 11, 2010, 4:53 PM
Dear TG,
Your web site is very interesting.
I would like to know since when did they move the Ethiopian Consulate from Hai Malakal to Tong Ping?
By the way, that area is called "Juba na Bari" not Tong Ping. The Dinka's changed the name of 'our' land.
The Luo tribes in Sudan are: Schuluk, Anyuak, Lafon, Acholi and small groups, the Dinka's do not belong to Luo speakers, they are good in twisting things around to their advantage. Some words in Nuer are same like Bari and some words in the Dinka language are same as Luo and that's it. I am a Bari but my mom is a Luo so I know that the Luos are just laughing at claims of the Dinka's....lol. I am sure you're not responsible for these 'lies'.
Best regards,


text:
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Lauren Kern Tapped as Apple News' First Editor in Chief
Apple recently doubled down on its commitment to Apple News, its news aggregation app, by hiring its first editor in chief — Lauren Kern, who most recently spent nearly three years as executive editor of New York magazine. She also has been executive editor of O, The Oprah Magazine and deputy editor of The New York Times Magazine. Follow Apple News on Twitter.
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text:
Facing the radiation dangers of interplanetary travel
In principle, with enough money and expertise, it should be possible to build and fly a manned spacecraft to Mars and return safely to Earth. However, nobody knows yet how to deal with the dangerous cosmic radiation that floods through space.
On Earth, our planet's mass, atmosphere and magnetic field protect us from hazardous space radiation. Even astronauts on the International Space Station are flying within Earth's magnetic field, shielded from most of the radiation.
Our Sun is a strong source of radiation, a gigantic fusion reactor constantly sending out charged protons and other atomic particles and occasionally erupting like a volcano, throwing out intense, dangerous bursts of radiation.
There are also powerful heavy ions coming from our galaxy, the Milky Way, which carry billions of times more energy than those from radioactivity on Earth.
This galactic cosmic radiation is dangerous in itself, but when it smashes into spacecraft walls the shower of secondary particles can make the astronauts' living quarters even more hazardous than being outside.
Affecting us already
Space radiation is a danger to the satellites we are using now. The energetic particles degrade solar panels and penetrate metal walls, threatening short-circuits and other severe electronic malfunctions. Some 12 satellites are known to have been lost because of solar storms.
For humans, it seems safe enough if we stay close to Earth. Astronauts show no major radiation effects apart from a slightly elevated incidence of eye cataracts.
Leaving Earth's protection, however, means exposing astronauts to the severe galactic and solar radiation. Even staying on Mars is dangerous. The red planet has almost no protective magnetic field and the surface is bathed in high levels of radiation.
Understanding how genetic material is modified through the protracted radiation exposure of a long interplanetary journey is important because it could raise the risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease later in life.
Remarkably, an astronaut's central nervous system also seems sensitive to radiation: brain functions such as cognitive processes and behaviour could be affected.
Countermeasures against these dangers of deep space travel must be studied, including shielding materials and possible medical treatments.
Do it with the accelerator
ESA is launching an Announcement of Opportunity to study the effects of radiation exposure in a particle accelerator. The accelerator can create particles energetic enough to simulate the radiation environment of interplanetary space.
ESA has been supporting accelerator research into the biological effects of space radiation since 2008. Scientists in ESA's participating Member States are invited to propose investigations for a second round of experiments using the facility of the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.
For more information about the experiment requirements, please consult the full Announcement here. The deadline for the letters of intent is 12 November. There will be a proposal workshop at GSI in Darmstadt on 24 November. The proposals are due 17 January 2011.
For more information, please contact:
Oliver Angerer
Tel: +31 71 565 3728
Email: email@example.com


text:
Nori needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 137 designs submitted by 43 freelance designers.
Please make a logo in tow colors in white or black background it must reflect: strong and trusty. (format needed on .ai or .eps)
Desired Style:
Accepted File Formats:
Vector Formats (.eps, .pdf or .ai)
Valvolub is one of the biggest companies in South Eastern Europe in Automotive industry which deals mainly with: Oils, Auto Parts, Tires, Batteries, filters. It's nice but maybe to complicated for logo to incorporate all products in logo so maybe the best thing is to focus in Auto-Vehicle but not necessarily. The payment will be made by Western Union.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


text:
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Anna Karenina
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My Nights Are More Beautiful Than Your Days
Revenge of the Musketeers
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"Service-learning is a teaching and learning approach that integrates community service with academic study to enrich learning, teach civic responsibility, and strengthen communities." -From the National Commission on Service-Learning 2001
Students and teachers at Boston Day and Evening Academy addressed a need in the community for a safe, beautiful and useful space for community members to grow vegetables. They created a space with garden plots for community members, public art projects, and a greenhouse and tool shed. Students learned lessons in math and science as they participated in this project. Lessons were learned in geometry, measurements and scales, nutrition and health, the greenhouse effect and environmentalism, photosynthesis, and more. Currently the garden has approximately ten plots being cultivated by community members. Students and a staff member spent the summer working in the garden, and putting more public art into the space.
Contact: Kristen McKinnon, SL Specialist
Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education
75 Pleasant Street
Malden, MA 02148-4906
Phone: (781) 338-6306
Fax: (781) 338-3090