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Rockies express interest in RHP Penny, but it's mild
DENVER — With Josh Fogg struggling and appearing unlikley to make his next start, Brad Penny has emerged as a possibility. The Rockies have expressed interest in the right-hander after he was released by the Red Sox last night. Penny would provide another option, along with Russ Ortiz, who is already in Triple-A. But there were indications by mid-afternoon that the Rockies' interest was mild. They have concerns on how he would fit in the clubhouse.
The hope is that Aaron Cook can return in mid to late September from a shoulder strain, but Penny and Ortiz could be a safety net in the meantime.
Penny would clear waivers Monday, leaving the Rockies available to sign him for the pro-rated minium of roughly $85,000. There are indications that they have a decent shot to land him. If they claimed the veteran before he's released they would have to pick up the roughly $1 million on his deal. It's much more likely they would attempt to sign him on Monday at a minimal cost.
The Rockies can buy time by going with four starters in the next turn through the rotation because of Monday's off day. This would limit the number of starts needed before Cook presumably returns.
Penny told The Boston Herald last night that he wants to sign with a contender before Aug. 31 so that he can be eligible for the playoffs.
Penny was discussed by the Rockies over the winter, but they backed off over some health concerns, and the lack of a glaring need. Eveything is different now with the team trying to reach the playoffs, and Cook out for at least two more weeks with a shoulder strain if not longer.
Earlier this week, the Rockies signed Ortiz and put him in Triple-A Colorado Springs. They also showed that they aren't afraid to address a need when they agreed to terms with Jason Giambi on a minor-league deal. He will serve as an additional left-handed bat off the bench in September.
Penny also played for Rockies' manager Jim Tracy in Los Angeles and has historically pitched well in the National League West. He has struggled over the past few months after a decent start. He won just one of his final 11 outings for the Red Sox, finishing with a 7-8 record and a 5.61 ERA.


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This is a post from my company, SocialMedia.org's blog. Check it out for more profiles and stories about the people running social at really big brands. This post features a case study by Director of Patient Insights, Laura Kolodjeski at our Member Meeting in Boston where she shared insights from Sanofi US' content hub created […]
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Laura Kolodjeski on how Sanofi US created a patient-centered blog in a highly regulated industry
January 13, 2015
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At special Blizzard Entertainment events, Warcraft, StarCraft, and Diablo players have a chance to meet the creators of their favorite Blizzard Entertainment games, participate in exciting contests and competitions, and connect with fellow Blizzard gamers from around the world.
BlizzCon is a celebration of the Warcraft, StarCraft, and Diablo franchises and the communities that surround them. BlizzCon features panels with Blizzard Entertainment game developers, hands-on demos of Blizzard's latest games, intense
tournaments, costume and other contests, and more.
Learn more about BlizzCon events:
BlizzCon 2015 11/6/15 - 11/7/15
Heart of the Swarm Launch 3/11/13 - 3/12/13
Mists of Pandaria Launch 9/24/12 - 9/25/12
gamescom 2012 8/15/12 - 8/19/12
Diablo III Launch Event 5/14/12 - 5/15/12
BlizzCon 2009 8/21/09 - 8/22/09
BlizzCon 2008 10/10/08 - 10/11/08
BlizzCon 2007 8/3/07 - 8/4/07
BlizzCon 2005 10/28/05 - 10/29/05
Throughout the year, Blizzard Entertainment hosts regional and global tournaments that showcase the skills of top StarCraft, Warcraft III, and World of Warcraft Arena players from around the world. Learn more about Blizzard Entertainment eSports events:


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Published Apr 5, 2016
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Accelerate UNIX to Linux Migrations with FlexPod – RedHat Summit 2012
Over the past years, with the growing success of UCS, the partnership between Cisco and Redhat has been stronger and stronger. Cisco is a Gold Sponsor of the RedHat Summit 2012 in Boston, and the UCS platform has been once more again praised on stage in front of the 3000 participants . During his keynote address yesterday SAP Sybase's Irfan Khan, senior vice president and chief technology officer, announced that in two-tier SAP Sales and Distribution (SD) standard application benchmarks, Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization and its Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) hypervisor running the SAP ERP 6.0 application achieved leading performance results running on… Cisco UCS servers *.
If UCS attracts more and more SAP customers, the Oracle customers can also rely on this platform to gain significant performances and reduce cost as they migrate from a Risc migration environment to Cisco UCS .Check the blogs from Cisco Timothy Stack on this topic.
One of the best way to achieve this migration from Unix to Linux, is certainly in deploying a solution such as Flexpod, presented at RedHat Summit 2012 by NetApp, which is a Silver Sponsor (see NetApp activities here) – So I ask Jon Benedict (@CaptainKVM) , oVirt board member and NetApp Sr Virtualization Solutions Architect to share with us what Flexpod can provide in this context.
"Anyone who has had to maintain a rigid, outdated infrastructure knows it's a time-consuming and painful process. Prior to joining NetApp I was a Red Hat solution architect and led a mainframe migration project for a large financial services company running both Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and Solaris. We were confronted with an issue that impacted both platforms; getting the issue resolved with Red Hat and the newer Solaris versions was relatively straightforward but custom-tweaked applications running on older, end of life platforms required a ridiculously expensive per system financial investment. A key outcome of the project was the requirement that the IT team create a plan for migrating older Solaris-based applications from UNIX to Linux.
FlexPod would have been a great way to handle this, but unfortunately this project was pre-FlexPod.
The Cisco Unified Computing System represents an ideal computing platform for Linux-based applications while the joint collaboration between Cisco, NetApp and Red Hat is key to accelerating this type of transition. Instead of just upgrading servers and the operating system, our pre-validated FlexPod data center platform enables you to modernize your infrastructure holistically with an integrated solution including Cisco UCS servers, Cisco Nexus switches, and NetApp FAS storage. As my marketing guys love to say, "It's a platform capable of meeting your needs today and scaling to meet your needs in the future." Like me, the comment looks fluffy but it's solid.
In short, FlexPod is a great target for UNIX to Linux migrations because it provides the building blocks to deploy the data center that you need for your environment and is fully supported and backed by Cisco, NetApp and Red Hat.
If you're in Boston this week for Red Hat Summit, be sure to attend the following sessions
Today June 27 , you may want to be at the lab
Hour 1: Application Driven, Open Source Cloud with UCS | Hour 2: Cisco Innovations for VM Networking & Applications
1:20pm – 3:20p — Mark Balch Director, Product Management, Cisco — Ven Immani Technical Marketing Engineer, Cisco — Klaus Aker Technical Marketing Engineer, Cisco
Application and business requirements shape cloud infrastructure decisions. In the first hour of this session, Cisco's Mark Balch will outline specific Cisco Unified Computing System advantages as part of an open source cloud architecture. UCS open APIs and integration with Red Hat open source technologies, including Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) virtualization technology, will be presented in the context of a unique foundation for the secure, scalable, and reliable infrastructure needed to support both public and private architectures.
In the second hour, presenters will demonstrate how virtualized SAP performance can be enhanced by using Red Hat Enterprise Linux version 6.1 playing in team with Cisco Data Center Virtual Machine Fabric Extender (VM-FEX) technology. Combined improvements reach 35% in user number increase or drastically better system response time starting from a baseline with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.5 and no VM-FEX.
On Thursday June 28, don't miss
Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization & SAP: Best Practices
At 4:50pmin the Red Hat RHEV campground (Room 105).
Red Hat Solution Architect Sherry Yu will detail best practices for virtualizing SAP and Sybase using RHEV 3.0, Cisco UCS, Cisco Nexus 5000 series switches and NetApp FAS storage.
Please stop also by the NetApp and Cisco booths and ask about Cisco Validated Designs for RHEL Built on FlexPod, Cisco UCS and NetApp for Oracle RAC , and Secure Separation Built on FlexPod.
Get details on why FlexPod is a great destination for HPC, SAP, messaging and other I/O intensive workloads plus how you can use the combination of Cisco UCS, Nexus and NetApp storage to easily configure end-to-end secure multi-tenant solutions, fully virtualized environments, bare metal environments, or any combination in between.
For more details, check out Cisco RISC migration solutions, the NetApp at Red Hat Summit overview, or visit my blog at CaptainKVM.com. "
(*) Two-tier SAP SD standard application benchmark configuration and results for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.1 on KVM on Cisco UCS B230 M2 (2 processors/20 cores/40 threads): Running SAP enhancement package 4 for SAP ERP 6.0, Intel Xeon Processor E7-2870, 2.40 GHz, 64 KB L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core, 30 MB L3 cache per processor, 128 GB main memory, one virtual machine using 40 virtual CPUs and the SAP MaxDB® 7.8 database. Achieved 5,100 SAP SD benchmark users and 28,080 SAPS. SAP certification number: 2012013.
In an effort to keep conversations fresh, Cisco Blogs closes comments after 60 days. Please visit the Cisco Blogs hub page for the latest content.


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January 27, 2012
Vegan Inspiration - Soba Salad
8 comments:
A marvelous salad! So fresh and delicious.ReplyDelete
Yum! I love soba noodles - takes me straight back to Japan :) Thanks for the wonderful recipe :)ReplyDelete
I love fresh carrots and red bell pepper!ReplyDelete
This was pretty much my dinner last night! I love soba noodles. I had mine with black sesame seeds though, I prefer the nuttier taste and they're really good for you!ReplyDelete
What an interesting variation on a theme: have loved soba noodles for ages, but shall certainly follow this recipe to the proverbial 'T', as it is so colourfully simple with ever present pantry ingredients!ReplyDelete
I was interested to dicover that buckwheat is neither a grain, nor a seed, but a fruit!ReplyDelete
Beautiful salad Maria! You'll make everyone crazy about soba with this post. :-)ReplyDelete
I didn't know buckwheat was a fruit either :) Wow that's so healthy ~ gotta try this salad soon :)ReplyDelete


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Awesome Stuff: Cool Product Designs
from the design-matters deptFor this week's awesome stuff, we've got three different projects that just caught my eye for being different and interesting in a design sense.
- I don't know about you, but I've had a few too many experiencing having to try to inflate an air mattress of some kind or another, and realizing what a freaking total pain it is using regular valves (not to mention the inevitable annoying emptying process as well). So I have to say that the Windcatcher project definitely piqued my curiosity. I don't understand the mechanism behind it, but it certainly looks like an air mattress that you can fill with 4 or 5 breaths -- and all without having to put your mouth on anything. It looks kind of like magic, so check out the video.
- There's been something of a hipster revival in pinhole cameras lately, it seems, but the ONDU Pinhole cameras are definitely the nicest design I've ever seen. A nice wooden box with no exposed screws. A backplate that's held on by magnets. It just looks cool. Also, bonus points for the cool music in the video (apparently this is the musician.
- Finally, there are times when someone designs something and you wonder why no one else has done it before -- or even why such things aren't common. That was the feeling I got after seeing the Nuplug, which is basically an extension cord/surge protector/outlet that attaches to furniture. So, rather than having your outlets on the wall and behind furniture, you can connect them in a more convenient way. Given how much stuff folks are charging all the time these days, I could definitely see how this could be handy for many people.
Filed Under: air mattress, awesome stuff, design, outlets, pinhole cameras


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A true Northern Californian, Charles Cruz was born in Sonoma in 1946 and has been working at Creativity Explored since the early nineties.
A joyful and eager artist, Cruz likes using a variety of media and doesn't miss an opportunity to try something new with a visiting artist. He is very skilled at depicting movement and lending subtlety to his work. His large-scale renderings of insects are often reminiscent of impressionist paintings, while his portraiture takes its intensity from his chaotic, but controlled, line, which captures what is essential in his subject.
His work was featured in Faces, Jack Fischer Gallery, San Francisco, CA, in 2011 and Radiant Spaces: Private Domain, Track 16 Gallery, Santa Monica, CA, in 2004.


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As IPO Gets Closer, Twitter Tries Growing Up Fast
Preparing for an eventual IPO isn't easy, taking years of planning, of careful strategy decisions, of picking your people perfectly. Even then, things can still go wrong. Just ask Facebook.
While an initial public offering is still far down the road for Twitter, perhaps sometime in 2014 at best, it seems the company wants its house in order now.
The culmination of this came on Wednesday evening as Twitter shuffled two of its highest-ranking execs, shifting Ali Rowghani from his position of CFO to COO, while moving recent hire and former Zynga treasurer Mike Gupta into the CFO seat.
In typically understated Rowghani fashion, the move went down rather unceremoniously. Rowghani and Gupta updated their Twitter profiles with their new titles at some point on Wednesday. After word got out, CEO Dick Costolo congratulated the two men over Twitter.
Rowghani has long been a quiet, behind-the-scenes force in the organization, preferring to take a backseat to the limelight so often reserved for Costolo and co-founder and now Twitter board Chairman Jack Dorsey. Despite holding the CFO title for the better part of three years, Rowghani has worked in a major operational role inside the company, acting as Costolo's most trusted adviser. Wednesday's appointment just made it official.
But Twitter's C-suite troika isn't the only part of the organization that needed tweaking. Over the past year and a half, the company has quietly cherry-picked talent from around the Valley and re-organized its ranks — or "grew up," if you will — better suiting itself to become a tech company to take seriously.
From the top down, Twitter looks much different than it did just a few years ago. Product, the core of Twitter, was split into three separate areas: Consumer, growth/international and revenue. Michael Sippey and Othman Laraki focused on consumer and growth/international, respectively, while splitting revenue responsibilities (after the departure in June of former product VP Satya Patel).
Engineering is almost entirely transformed. I've been told Twitter poached literally hundreds of Googlers to join the ranks of the engineering department, an area which was sorely deficient in 2010 considering the scale and growth of the product's reach. Now Adam Messinger and Chris Fry have joined as engineering heads from Oracle and Salesforce, respectively. I'm told that both are recruiting heavily from their old organizations, too, bringing on much new engineering blood at a fast pace.
The design department is also in flux. New arrival Mike Davidson has been snatched away from his Seattle design gig to lead Twitter's efforts as VP of Design, working with existing director Doug Bowman. Both are currently pushing hard to recruit new design talent, looking to fill nearly 10 slots in the department (while that sounds small, it's nearly a quarter of the team's current numbers).
Sales is no different. President of global revenue Adam Bain snatched up Richard Alfonsi from Google in June to be VP of global online sales, and tapped Xooglers Shilesh Rao and Stephen McIntyre, too.
The overall goal is this: At six years of age and now 200 million active users, Twitter is maturing beyond the scrappy start-up it was in its early days. On the one hand, that environment contributed to some of its most enjoyable early qualities for many employees. But I'm told by multiple people close to the company that part of the organization's maturation means moving away from hiring the "generalist" types that populated early Twitter, moving instead to highly specialized industry veterans who have strong experience with very particular sets of skills.
In theory, that means reliability — of internal departments, of site infrastructure, of revenue, of a business model — of the type that makes a company stick around for the long haul. And ideally, it moves out from under the shadow of Twitter as the Valley company known so famously for its tales of internal strife (Costolo has often referred to the company's bad rep as "palace intrigue," not to be taken seriously).
If it's an idyllic setting I'm painting here, part of Twitter's process of closing ranks, it's also not without its problems.
The company has swelled with new hires in a relatively short amount of time, ballooning up from a couple hundred employees to around 1,500 in under a year.
New talent is good, but explosive growth in such a short amount of time takes its toll on the company's structure and DNA. Each new top recruit from Google has brought with him or her a host of new Googlers. So much the case, this is, that I'm told it's not uncommon to hear new recruits explain "how we did things at Google" during team meetings or while working on collaborative projects.
And with such an influx of new blood, I'm told many of the old guard are finding it difficult to recognize the Twitter they joined. Internal disagreements with Twitter's new stance on its platform rules have been cause for some grumbling. The design team has seen a near exodus over the past two months (for many reasons, but not the least of which is Twitter's changing internal vibe). The Google management style, incorporated — however unconsciously — by many of Twitter's top talent, doesn't always translate well when brought over to Twitter.
To put it another way that I've heard so often from current and former employees: Twitter is slowly growing more corporate in feel, day by day.
Is that a bad thing? Perhaps, if you're a Valley type looking to live the start-up life. But if you're a business on a trajectory with an IPO in a few years or less, perhaps Twitter is right where it needs to be.


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'Principles of Marketing' is organized around an innovative customer-value and customer-relationship framework.Kotler, Philip is the author of 'Principles of Marketing ', published 2007 under ISBN 9780132390026 and ISBN 0132390027.[read more]
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Inspired by Star Formation from designers Paula Barnes and Mary Ellen Robison of Bonnie Blue Quilts
Quilt tester: Laura Boehnke
1/2 yard white print (blocks)
5—7"-square pieces assorted pink prints (blocks)
1/8 yard brown paisley (blocks)
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State of the World 2014 Launch and Seminar in Copenhagen
When: Monday, May 5, 2014, 1:30 p.m. (full programme)
Who: Ed Groark, President, Worldwatch Institute (U.S.)
Nathalie Girouard, OECD Green Growth Strategy Coordinator
Dagfinn Høybråten, Secretary General, Nordic Council of Ministers
Martin Manthorpe, Vice President, NCC Construction Denmark
Rasmus Helveg Petersen, Danish Climate & Energy Minister (tbc)
Margrete Auken, Danish Member of the European Parliament
Michael Jarlner, International Editor at Politiken (moderator)
Where: Dome of Visions, Søren Kierkegaards Plads, Copenhagen (directions)
Coffee and refreshments will be available at the event.
RSVP, contact: Event Co-ordinator, Alejandra Bize, firstname.lastname@example.com, tel.: +45 5082 0699, or Press Officer, Katerina Batzaki, email@example.com, tel.: +30 6972 960 578
Governing for Sustainability
Citizens expect their governments to lead on sustainability. But from largely disappointing international conferences like Rio+20 to the United States' failure to pass meaningful climate legislation, government progress has been lackluster. That's not to say leadership is absent; it just often comes from the bottom up rather than the top down. Action—on climate, species loss, inequity, and other sustainability crises—is being driven by local, people's, women's, and grassroots movements around the world, often in opposition to the agendas pursued by governments and big corporations.
These diverse efforts are the subject of the latest volume in the Worldwatch Institute's highly regarded State of the World series. The 2014 edition, marking the Institute's 40th anniversary, examines both barriers to responsible political and economic governance as well as gridlock-shattering new ideas. The authors analyze a variety of trends and proposals, including regional and local climate initiatives, the rise of benefit corporations and worker-owned firms, the need for energy democracy, the Internet's impact on sustainability, and the importance of eco-literacy. A consistent thread throughout the book is that informed and engaged citizens are key to better governance.
The book is a clear-eyed yet ultimately optimistic assessment of citizens' ability to govern for sustainability. By highlighting both obstacles and opportunities, State of the World 2014 shows how to effect change within and beyond the halls of government. This volume will be especially useful for policymakers, environmental nonprofits, students of environmental studies, sustainability, or economics—and citizens looking to jumpstart significant change around the world.
About Worldwatch Institute Europe
Worldwatch Institute Europe is in affiliation with Worldwatch Institute in Washington D.C. and we coordinate our activities with the Institute's global priorities and operations. For more information, visit www.worldwatch-europe.org


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Parental controls give you the power to Take Charge! of your digital life, including the cable television and high speed Internet connections as well as home security tools.
From the Discovery Channel to the Disney Channel, your kids can learn a lot from quality educational cable programming. And you can decide what programming is most appropriate for your children. Parental controls allow you to block television programs by channel, rating or time of day. You can also limit the time periods children can watch TV.
Click here for step-by-step instructions on how to set up parental controls for cable television on most cable devices, including the Contour DVR and client receiver, non-Contour DVR and receiver and the Mini Box.
Parent Tips: Picking Movies for Sensitive Kids
Parent Tips: How to Deal with Sexy Content in Movies and on TV
Parent Tips: Toddlers and TV
Parent Tips: Managing Media Violence
Parent Tips: Ways to Help Kids Make Sense of Breaking News
Parent Tips: Alcohol in the Media
Parental control features are free for Cox High Speed Internet customers as part of your Cox Security Suite Powered by McAfee®. Parental controls allow you to customize safety features based on your child's age and your family values. For example, parents can:
It does not stop there. Parents can also gain insight by receiving daily email reports on your children's online activities, including a list of web sites they have visited, the amount of time they spent online, the number of attempts they made to go online during restricted time and any number of attempts they made to access blocked web sites. This information can be used as a great conversation starter about the risks associated with excessive screen time and certain web sites (click here to learn more about the benefits of communicating with your children about Internet safety).*
For more information about Cox Security Suite Powered by McAfee, including parental control features, click here. If you have any questions, or need help with downloading and customizing the Cox Security Suite, here is helpful information about Cox Tech Solutions. More information is also available about Internet safety trends and tips.
Parent Tip: Top Three Rules of Internet Safety
Parent Tip: Three Social Media Trends
Parent Tip: Your Kid's Online Identity
Your home phone is a great tool to help teach and protect your children. Take Control! by taking these opportunities to discuss home safety with your kids today:
Teach Children When and How to Call 911: It's an important lesson that children can learn at a young age. Make a game out of it! Describe hypothetical situations and discuss the reasons why it would (or would not) justify a call to 911.
Prevent Oversharing: Long before they open their first social media account, children should start learning about what information is not appropriate to share. The home phone is a great place to start. You can empower your kids to Take Charge! of who they interact with and how. Discuss how to screen calls through Caller ID, when to answer the phone and how to react to requests for personal information (such as "Are you home alone?").
Your Cox Digital Telephone number is automatically linked to your home address. Therefore, when you use Cox Digital Telephone to call 911, dispatchers will know exactly where you are calling from – even if you can't speak – and you won't need to spend precious time explaining your location over a cell phone. And Enhanced 911 Service will automatically send your location and phone number ahead to emergency personnel.
You can protect your family, privacy and pocketbook by blocking long-distance calls, turning off caller ID and more.
Crystal-clear audio helps you communicate efficiently and effectively, avoiding miscommunications due to garbled words or dropped calls.
This feature helps monitor who is calling the house and when. Cox Digital Telephone customers can also view the names and numbers of incoming calls, and a list of incoming call history.
The benefits of home security are multi-fold for parents of teens. By utilizing the technology available through Cox Homelife, parents can ensure that their teens have the best protection from intruders, safety hazards... and from occasional bad judgment.
A burglary occurs every 15 seconds in the United States, and Cox Homelife provides the peace of mind for both teens and parents that comes with protection. According to recent research, most teens are left at home unsupervised on a regular basis. And nearly half of those teens (46%) without a security system say they would feel safer at home with a security system.
Cox Homelife also gives parents the ability to:


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Toronto Neighborhoods • Harbourfront
Harbourfront Pictures
Harbourfront is a waterfront tourist, residential and cultural real estate development on the northern shore of Lake Ontario within the downtown core of the city of Toronto, Canada. Harbourfront extends west from Yonge Street to Bathurst Street along Queen's Quay. East of Yonge to Parliament St. along Queen's Quay, this mostly industrialized stretch is slated for the future East Bayfront development. There was extensive condominium development at Harbourfont beginning in the 1980s and continuing strongly to the present. Some critics argue that other cities such as Chicago or Boston have done a much better job of developing their waterfronts than Toronto. That the many condominiums in the area provide beautiful views overlooking Lake Ontario, the islands and the many pleasure boats winding their way through Toronto's Inner Harbour is small consolation to the majority who do not live in them. This area is considered to be prime residential real estate and has been developed almost to capacity, largely by the building of highrise condominiums. Plans to redevelop Harbourfront as part of the redevelopment of the greater Toronto waterfront, many of which included the demolition and burying of the Gardiner Expressway, have been mired in the proposal and planning phases for many years. Toronto's failed bid for the 2008 Summer Olympics included a proposal for a redeveloped Harbourfront, which would have added an Olympic Village on the existing Port Lands, and a trail along the waterfront. The trail would have run from Scarborough to Etobicoke and beyond. Once the 2008 Games were awarded to Beijing, critics have since suggested the city will simply continue to ignore further development of Harbourfront.
How to get to Harbourfront Neighborhood
Union station.
Last edited by Parent on Wed May 28, 2008 5:12 pm, edited 10 times in total.
Neighborhoods Nearby Harbourfront - Pictures by Parent
Cityplace Neighborhood by Parent. CityPlace is the name given to a large section of former railway land in Downtown Toronto, Canada. The term is more recently being used for a large multi-tower condo development near the Toronto harbourfront and central business.. Distance from Harbourfront: 0.8km NWW, 16 pictures.
Entertainment District Neighborhood by Parent. The Entertainment District is an area in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada with about 300 night clubs. Located immediately west of University Avenue, the majority of the night clubs can be found on Richmond Street West. The.. Distance from Harbourfront: 0.9km NNW, 35 pictures.
Financial District Neighborhood by Parent. The Financial District is a business district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, within the downtown core. It is the main financial district in Toronto, and is the financial heart of Canada. It is bounded roughly by Queen Street West.. Distance from Harbourfront: 1.1km N, 16 pictures.
St. Lawrence Neighborhood by Parent. The St. Lawrence neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada although still part of downtown Toronto, was the actual downtown centre and city hall location during the late 18th and entire 19th century. The first parliament.. Distance from Harbourfront: 1.5km NE, 9 pictures.
Chinatown Neighborhood by Parent. This is one of the largest Chinatowns in North America. It is centred around the intersection of Dundas Street West and Spadina Avenue, and extends outward from this point along both streets. It has grown significantly over the.. Distance from Harbourfront: 1.9km NNW, 12 pictures.
Dundas Square Neighborhood by Parent. Yonge-Dundas Square (commonly called Dundas Square) is a public square in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located on the southeast corner of Yonge Street and Dundas Street. It was opened to the public in November 2002,.. Distance from Harbourfront: 1.9km N, 19 pictures.
Kensington Market Neighborhood by Parent. Kensington Market is a distinctive multicultural neighbourhood in downtown Toronto, Ontario. The Market is one of the city's oldest and most famous neighbourhoods, and in November 2006, it became a National Historic Site... Distance from Harbourfront: 2.1km NW, 15 pictures.
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12seconds.tv API - How To
The 12seconds API provides developers with the ability to grab and mix content from the 12seconds site in a number of cool ways. This alpha release of the API is a set of simple HTTP requests to our API server that returns XML for your mashup pleasure. You can grab a single user's videos, the videos of that user's friends, metadata about a single video, and videos matching tags.


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–– Dr. Jill Biden, Speaking to U.S. Governors at the White House, Feb. 27, 2012
The First Lady Encourages Military Families on iCarly
First Lady Michelle Obama visited a secondary school in Alexandria, Va., outside Washington, D.C., on Friday, Jan. 13, to join the cast of Nickelodeon's iCarly at a special screening of "iMeet the First Lady," a new episode that honors America's military children and features none other than the first lady of the U.S. The show's lead character, Carly Shay (Miranda Cosgrove), plays the role of the daughter of an Air Force colonel serving overseas. In the episode, Mrs. Obama talks with Carly about her service as a member of a military family and thanks her friends for supporting her during her father's deployment. "We did this episode because we want the whole country to know how proud we are of all of you and how much we appreciate you as our little heroes," Mrs. Obama told the kids. The iCarly cast hosted special screenings of the show for military families around the country the week of Jan. 16–20. The episode aired on Nickelodeon on Jan. 16. Watch clips of the program at http://www.nick.com/videos/icarly/.
The Department of Education Encourages Flexibility for the Military in Student Financial Aid Matters
Military personnel and their families, including the National Guard and Reserves, may lose student financial aid due to temporary spikes in pay from activation and deployments. To help remedy this situation, the Department of Education has sent guidance on flexibility to all financial aid administrators at postsecondary educational institutions. The guidance, in the form of a "Dear Colleague" letter, encourages administrators to consider such special circumstances and reminds them that they may exercise documented professional judgment when determining the eligibility of students for federal aid. It also reminds them about the combat pay exclusion for calculating a student's expected family contribution on the FAFSA. The Department's "Dear Colleague" letter is available at http://www.ifap.ed.gov/dpcletters/GEN1104.html.
Military families and veterans are encouraged to apply for the financial aid that is available through the Department of Education in addition to applying for benefits through the Department of Veterans Affairs. The FAFSA is available at http://www.fafsa.ed.gov/.
Explore School Start-Up Options for Military Families on the National Charter School Resource Center Website
The National Charter School Resource Center (Resource Center) develops and offers easy access to high-quality resources and information that facilitate understanding charter schools and exploring them as an option for military families. With six charter schools currently operating on military bases, interest in them appears to be growing in military communities. Among the resources at the center's website is A Toolbox to Help Start a School on a Military Base. Provided through Davis-Monthan Air Force Base in Arizona where a charter school was started in 2009, the brochure offers step-by-step guidance for starting a school—public, private, charter, or magnet—on a military base, the issues to consider, who should serve on project teams, and examples of approvals needed. For more information and to download the brochure, visit http://www.charterschoolcenter.org/priority-area/military-families.
Specialized Training of Military Parents (STOMP) Supports Families With Children Who Have Special Needs
The Specialized Training of Military Parents (STOMP) project received its first grant in 1985, and has been providing services to military families since then. The core of STOMP's work is to provide direct services to military families, training tailored to their needs, and direct information and referral to families that call the program for assistance. Military parents use STOMP resources to ease transitions between schools, obtain Individualized Education Program counseling, and better advocate for their children with disabilities. STOMP provides workshops focusing on accessing special education resources and enabling families to navigate a variety of educational and medical systems and programs. The STOMP project also provides technical assistance to over 100 federally funded Parent Training and Information Centers (PTIs) and Community Parent Resource Centers (CPRCs) throughout the United States and its territories to increase the centers' capacity to serve military families. For more information and locations of STOMP, visit http://www.stompproject.org/ and http://www.parentcenternetwork.org/national/nationalparentcenters.html
DoDEA Teacher of the Year Named as One of Four Finalists for the 2012 National Teacher of the Year
Angela Wilson, the 2012 Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) Teacher of the Year, was selected by the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) as one of the four finalists for the 2012 National Teacher of the Year. The National Teacher of the Year Program is the oldest and most prestigious awards program for teachers in the country. It is a project of the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO), and is sponsored by the ING Foundation and Target in partnership with the University of Phoenix and People to People Ambassador Programs.
Wilson's selection marks the first time a DoDEA teacher has been selected as one of the four finalists. A panel of educators, representing 14 national education organizations, chose the finalists from the 2012 state teachers of the year in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Department of Defense Education Activity, and four U.S. extra-state jurisdictions.
Marilee Fitzgerald, DoDEA director, congratulated Wilson and expressed her thoughts as Wilson moves forward in the competition: "We are so very proud of Angela and we are thrilled that she's been named as one of the four finalists for the 2012 National Teacher of the Year recognition. This nomination marks a milestone for DoDEA because it's the first time one of our teachers has been among the four finalists. Angela is committed to teaching and dedicated to providing our students with the best possible learning experience. She is an example of the quality and commitment all DoDEA teachers have to our students and to education."
Wilson, a Forensics and Language Arts teacher at Vicenza Middle School in Italy, was selected from among 14 district nominees as DoDEA's 2012 Teacher of the Year last fall. With more than 11 years of teaching experience, Wilson has taught in public schools in Utah and Illinois and in DoDEA schools in Korea, Turkey, and Italy. She is a 1997 magna cum laude graduate of Western Illinois University where she earned her Bachelor of Science degree in education. She also holds a master's degree in education from Southern Utah University. For more information on The National Teacher of the Year Program, go to http://www.ccsso.org/ntoy.html.
Senators Urge GI Bill Be Trademarked
Sen. Tom Harkin and 13 other senators have suggested that "the phrase 'GI Bill' be trademarked by the federal government." Trademarking the name would give the Veterans Administration (VA) the power to "decide when and how the words 'GI Bill' are used." The 14 senators have asked the VA to "seek a trademark for the name 'GI Bill,'" saying that such protection could help keep unscrupulous for-profit colleges and recruiting sites from using the phrase to entice veterans to enroll in programs that "overpromise the benefits of their classes or charge exorbitant fees." With a trademark, VA would have the discretion "to permit legitimate Web sites or entities to use the phrase" and "prevent the phrase 'GI Bill' from being used in misleading or dishonest marketing campaigns," the senators wrote in a letter on Friday to VA Secretary Eric K. Shinseki. Senate Military Family Caucus Co-Chair Sen. Barbara Boxer signed the letter with the other senators. To see a full text of the letter go to http://www.mikulski.senate.gov/media/pressrelease/3-2-2012-1.cfm.
VA Announces Winners in Badges for Vets Contest
Last November, the VA announced a nationwide competition to create digital badges to help veterans translate their military skills into civilian jobs or to receive advance credit in higher education. The competition was held in collaboration with Mozilla, supported by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and administered by the Humanities, Arts, Science and Technology Advanced Collaboratory. Western Governors University, the Manufacturing Institute, and TopCoder, Inc. have been honored by the Department of Veterans Affairs for their contributions to a new digital badge program that will make it easier for veterans to document the skills they learned in uniform for civilian employers and institutions of higher education.
A digital badge recognizes skills obtained through learning outside traditional classrooms, such as work-related training and experience. Digital-badge credentials are issued by organizations such as schools, universities, employers, and trade associations, and can be displayed and validated electronically on the Web or presented on a resume. Like any credential or academic credit, a digital badge can lead to a job or advanced academic standing.
The VA was joined by the departments of Education, Energy, and Labor to sponsor the contest. The Badges for Vets contest is part of the Badges for Lifelong Learning Competition, which aims to build digital badge systems and explore the ways badges can be used to help people learn, demonstrate skills and knowledge, and unlock job, educational, and civic opportunities.
"Badges recognize the skills that members of our military are learning in the field — making Veterans the real winners of this competition," said Secretary of Education Arne Duncan. "These grantees will help to put Veterans on a fast track toward earning a degree or certificate and will let employers know they have workforce-ready skills."
"We strive to support the men and women who served in uniform as they make their transitions to good jobs and advanced education," said Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric K. Shinseki, "Our Badges for Vets program will offer Veterans a handy tool to demonstrate their experience to employers and educators."
For more information about the Badges for Lifelong Learning Competition, visit http://www.dmlcompetition.net/ and http://challenge.gov/VAi2/262-badges-for-vets; for the VA Innovation Initiative, visit www.va.gov/vai2/; and for the websites of winners, visit www.themanufacturinginstitute.org, https://usmanufacturingpipeline.com/, http://www.topcoder.com/, and http://www.wgu.edu/.
Contacts:Massie Ritsch, deputy assistant secretary of external affairs and outreach, Charles Boyer, special advisor for military families; Cynthia Hearn Dorfman, advisor; Carrie Jasper, writer and editor; and Gary Jones, Connie Gillette, and Katina Stapleton, contributors.
To subscribe, unsubscribe or comment on this newsletter, please contact email@example.com
Touching Base can be found online at: http://www.ed.gov/news/newsletters/touchingbase/
Note: This document contains information about and from public and private entities and organizations for the reader's information. Inclusion does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Education of any entity or organization or the products or services offered or views expressed. This publication also contains hyperlinks and URLs created and maintained by outside organizations. They are provided for the reader's convenience; however, the Department is not responsible for the accuracy of this information.


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Former Sonics star Shawn Kemp is planning a public rally in support of the proposed basketball arena on Sunday, one day before the Seattle City Council is slated to vote on legislation to help finance the venue.
The "Rally with the Reign Man" is scheduled for 3 p.m. Sunday at Oskar's Kitchen, the Lower Queen Anne restaurant that Kemp and his wife, Marvena, opened in December. It's at 621 1/2 Queen Anne Ave. N. across from the MarQueen Hotel.
Admission is free. But, this time, it doesn't look like investor Chris Hansen will be buying everyone a beer. The 21-plus rally will, however, feature cocktails inspired by the Seattle Sonics, according to the event announcement.
Kemp will be joined by Sonics legend Slick Watts and his son Donald Watts, a former basketball star at the University of Washington, in giving away memorabilia and posing with fans for photos. Also on the guest list are local filmmakers Jason Reid and Adam Brown, whose "Sonicsgate" documentary tells the controversial story of the Sonics' departure from Seattle.
Hansen, who held his own rally at F.X. McRory's last week when his arena proposal was in front of a City Council committee, is not slated to be at the "Rally with the Reign Man." But the organizers do expect hundreds of fans to show up wearing green and gold.
Visit seattlepi.com for more Seattle news. Contact Nick Eaton at email@example.com or on Twitter as @njeaton.


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hauturely posted 4 photos 4 months, 1 week ago
Kalissi Autumn Winter 2019 during London Fashion Week
Inspired by the Austrian opulent imperial times the emerging Viennese womenswear brand Kalissi presented an Autumn Winter 2019 collection representing the epitome of luxury fashion. Drowning its audience in rich details, pearls, ruffles and pure opulence, the collection introduces contrasting contemporary shapes alongside vibrant shades and youthful colors. Boasting a Unique and extrovert style, the collection sets itself apart from conventional luxury fashion brands.
Using eccentric silhouettes and bold colors, the brand is driven in a fresh direction through modernizing iconic trends, incorporating quality materials, tailoring for the perfect fit and a unique design aspect drawn from the designers' distinctive background in textiles and graphic design. Fusing playful details alongside the confident combination of fabrics presents the pure opulence that inspired the collection to create the signature look aimed for by Kalissi.
One of the most progressive designs from the collection showcased a fuchsia pink fur dress, styled in the form of a long sleeve, mid-thigh length coat. Adding an additional layer of detailing to the outfit, a sapphire blue fur made up the collar, cuffs, patch pockets and pompom details, creating the illusion of buttons. Drawing the look together, a Cossack style hat in the same sapphire blue material, finished the look.
written by Lorna Tyler
Click HERE to view the full Kalissi Autumn Winter 2019 collection.
#article #kalissiarticle #kalissi #kalissifw19 #lornatyler #fw19 #lfwfw19 #lfwarticle #hpr #hprarticle #lfw
hauturely posted 4 photos 6 days, 1 hour ago
Chocheng Spring Summer 2020 during New York Fashion Week
Showing again at New York Fashion Week was our favorite designer Cho Cho Cheng of Chocheng. Cheng studied fashion and costume design at Parsons School of Design then moving to London, working at Savile Row to learn the art and skills of British tailoring.
The Chocheng brand focuses on using natural and cruelty-free materials while adding luxurious details to the pieces. Fabrics are produced in Europe, while the garments are hand-sewn in London using skills and techniques from Savile Row. Cheng also chooses to have accessories made in Italy. These factors and details that have gone into the Chocheng collections are what makes this brand our favorite.
Like last season, this season used a similar theme of 1960's movies. Although this season's focuses were on the films Plein Soleil and Midnight Lace. The collection encompasses the retro aspects you would expect while still having a heavy emphasis on glamor, femininity, and mystery. Colors and patterns used in the collection include candy stripes, coral red, soft shades of pink, and neutral tones. Dresses, skirts, blouses, and jackets where the main types of garments seen throughout the collection. Our favorite look was the strapless bermuda top combined with a matching jacket and mini skirt in a candy stripe pattern, accessorised with large wooden framed sunglasses, a straw woven handbag and a pair of lace-up platform espadrilles made for an ultimate fun, chic, day look that we can look forward to in the next spring season.
written by Style is Viral
Click HERE to view the full Chocheng Spring Summer 2020 collection.
#article #chocheng #chochengarticle #chochengss20 #styleisviral #nyfw #nyfwarticle #cmmediapr #cmmediaprarticle
hauturely posted 4 photos 1 month, 1 week ago
Designs Influenced by Paul Poiret's Japanese-Inspired Silhouette at Cushnie Fall Winter 2019 during New York Fashion Week
Carly Cushnie, famed for creating beautifully crafted designs that flatter the curves of a woman's body. These looks enticed us with her recent collection inspired by French master couturier, Paul Poiret's 20th-century Japanese-inspired silhouettes. She also took inspiration from the Japanese art of floral arrangements. Forming angular shapes, and geometric folds inspired by artist Nicola Kloosterman's Shadowplay collage series. She chose to design this elegant Japanese-inspired collection in decadent navy, burgundy, blue, and purple hues.
She kept her signature aesthetic of feminine, clean lines, emphasizing on the shape, and form. Hints of boldness were articulated in forms of Japanese-inspired floral print embroidery, artful draping and folds to create pleated shoulder, asymmetrical neckline, and fringed details. The runway looks consisted of exquisitely constructed tops, jackets, trousers, jumpsuits, and skirts in luxurious satin and velvet fabrics.
This well-tailored collection, with its intricate use of handcrafted techniques, could only be expected of Cushnie.
written by Tiffany Le
Click HERE to view the full Cushine Fall Winter 2019 collection.
#article #cushnie #cushniearticle #cushniefw19 #tiffanyle #nyfw #nyfwarticle #purplepr #purpleprarticle
hauturely posted 4 photos 1 month, 2 weeks ago
Afffair Spring Summer 2019 during New York Fashion Week
Showing on the last day of fashion week was one of our favorite brands, Afffair. Quickly rising to the top as a preferred choice for celebrities and on the red carpet, designer Rufat Ismayel, creator of Afffair, brought a glamorous vision for this season and the brand. Born in Baku, Azerbaijan, Ismayel got his start by modeling for fashion houses as a teenager. He modeled for top brands like Paco Rabanne and Valentine Yudashkin. Then he realized he wanted to make a shift and create his own fashion brand and designs. Moving to Istanbul, he launched Afffair. Ismayel manages everything from design to factory garment production.
Jeweled details and elegant evening gowns are some of the features that make this collection so luxurious. Most pieces shown this season were dresses except for the occasional jumper, pants, shorts, skirt, and tops. Colors used in the collection were green, gold, and black. Materials noticed included organza, satin, velvet, and chiffon. The collection used opaque materials, and played with the use of skin which added sexy and mysterious vibes. A few of the looks were styled with a headband that complimented the collection.
written by Style is Viral
Click HERE to view the full Afffair Spring Summer 2019 collection.
#article #afffair #afffairarticle #afffairss19 #ss19 #styleisviral #nyfw #nyfwarticle #theriviereagency #theriviereagencyarticle
hauturely posted 4 photos 1 month, 2 weeks ago
Concept Korea Fall Winter 2019 during New York Fashion Week
The very idea of Concept Korea is a fascinating one: a government-sponsored fashion collective developed to promote a burgeoning crop of talented Korean designers on a global platform. This season, breakthrough brands IISE and LIE each brought exciting, though very different, aesthetics to the world at NYFW.
LIE opened with a strong offering from designer Chungchung Lee, who delivered a relaxed, dynamic line of feminine daywear to the runway. A visually complex line with layers of contrasting textures, harsh patterns, and experimental textile combinations, Lee's design aesthetic was unfamiliar, but altogether very desirable. Look-after-look demanded attention and conjured a sense of luxury and wealth: the mid-collection ensemble of wool plaid trousers and a leopard print jacket, both paired with a clashing midi blouse constructed of plaid, matching leopard print, and lace. Lee is an exciting young designer able to actualize his experimental vision and deliver it earnestly on the runway; LIE invokes curiosity and is very promising.
Helmed by design duo (and brothers) Terrence and Kevin Kim, IISE closed the collective with the intriguing and aptly titled collection, "Protest," featuring 20 handpicked models of different races, looks, and attitudes. Constructed of materials sourced solely from their home city of Seoul, Protest offered an authentic, surprisingly emotive collection of streetwear designs. Several strong looks in head-to-toe black opened, notably a layered, sleek ensemble of sheer stockings, bicycle shorts, and a nicely tailored vinyl zip-up under a simple, utilitarian jacket. With each look more color was introduced until the complete absence of black was palpable: the intricately patterned and designed pastel blue poncho and trouser set brought a daring authenticity that was all in the details, how it created space and movement down the runway. IISE's first NYFW offering was spirited and unique, an exploration of a global city's history and how that narrative might illuminate its future.
written by Francis Lamar
Click HERE to view the full IISE Fall Winter 2019 collection.
Click HERE to view the full LIE Fall Winter 2019 collection.
#article #conceptkorea #conceptkoreaarticle #conceptkoreafw19 #fw19 #francislamar #nyfw #nyfwarticle #bpcm #bpcmarticle
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At a political rally, cricket star turned politician Imran Khan asks the crowd, rhetorically, "What is the meaning of Pakistan?" Cary McClelland and Imran Babur's sprawling documentary Without Shepherds follows six very different Pakistanis who are defining Pakistan: a model and entrepreneur, a touring musician, a truck driver, a former jihadist, a frontier journalist, and the aforementioned celebrity athlete turned opposition leader. The six are from different regions and backgrounds, but united in their verve to make their homeland a better place.
Cary McClelland (in attendance), Imran Babur
Imran Khan, Vaneeza Ahmed, Arieb Azhar, Abdullah Khan, Mohammed Ibrahim, Laiba Yousafzai
Director's Bio
Cary McClelland & Imran Babur
Cary McClelland is an artist and human rights advocate. He recently worked with Google and WITNESS to launch YouTube's Human Rights Channel, dedicated to giving voice to citizen journalists.
Imran Babur graduated in graphic design from NCA-Lahore, and studied docudrama production from TTC-Berlin. He spent a decade working in advertising and music videos, and then shifted to documentaries full-time since 2000.


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A quiz consists of 7 multiple choice questions, each with 4 possible answers. To pass the quiz, it is you must get at least 3 questions correct. An unprepared student can do nothing except guess answers at random. What is the probability that the student passes?
I'm thinking you use the distributive property which gives you ${7 \choose 3} (0.25)^3 (0.75)^4$ but I'm not sure where to go from here.


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Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
versión On-line ISSN 2219-0635
versión impresa ISSN 0030-2465
Onderstepoort j. vet. res. vol.79 no.1 Pretoria ene. 2012
Comparing effects of freezing at -196 ºC and -20 ºC on the viability of mastitis pathogens
Inge-Marie PetzerI; Joanne KarzisI; Theodorus J. van der SchansI; Johanna C. WatermeyerI; Norman Mitchell-InnesII; Stephanie EloffI; Geoffrey T. FosgateI
IDepartment of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
IIHerd Husbandry Help CC, Irene, South Africa
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cryopreservation at approximately -196 ºC in liquid nitrogen (N) and freezing at approximately -20 ºC in a freezer, on the viability and survival of eight different mastitogenic bacteria inoculated in milk. Bacteria were frozen at approximately -20 ºC in a freezer and cryopreserved at approximately -196 ºC in liquid nitrogen. An effective preservation method was needed for follow-up samples from cows identified in the South African National Milk Recording Scheme (NMRS) with somatic cell counts above 250 000 cells/mL milk. The organisation responsible for sample collection of the NMRS milk samples also provides producers with liquid nitrogen for their semen flasks at the collection sites. This existing mode of storage and transport could therefore be utilised.
Ten samples of each organism were thawed and cultured bi-weekly until week 18 for both temperature treatments. An additional sampling was performed at week 30 for samples frozen at approximately -20 ºC. Freezing and cryopreservation did not impair subsequent isolation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus (STH) (phage type lytic group III) or Sta. aureus (STA) (phage typed, other than lytic group III). Survival was indicated by the isolation of bacteria from samples, and viability by the strength of growth of the bacteria isolated. The survival of Streptococcus agalactiae decreased after week 12 and Escherichia coli after week 16 of freezing, but both organisms survived under cryogenic preservation until week 18. Coagulase-negative staphylococci survived until week 18 for both freezing and cryogenic preservation.
Both storage methods could thus contribute to the improvement of a pro-active approach towards udder health management in South African dairy herds.
Detection and identification of pathogens in milk has become a valuable tool for monitoring the udder health of modern dairy cows. Culturing of milk from cases with increased somatic cell counts (above 250 000 cells/mL) can also be used to assist producers in a pro-active approach to herd udder health.
Freezing can be lethal to many living systems; whilst preserving some cell structures, it disrupts others and the ability of micro-organisms to withstand freezing might differ (Mazur 1970). Variable results have been reported by different authors who assessed the survival and viability of mastitogenic organisms in milk at temperatures of -20 ºC and -80 ºC. Whilst some studies (Bashandy & Heider 1979; Luedecke et al. 1971; Murdough, Deitz & Pankey 1996; Pankey et al. 1987; Schukken et al. 1989) showed that freezing at -20 ºC and -80 ºC had no effect on the recovery of mastitogenic bacteria, others showed significant increases in the recovery of similar organisms (Hubackova & Rysanek 2007; Schukken et al. 1989; Sol et al. 2002; Villanueva, Tyler & Thurmond 1991). Little has been reported about the effect of freezing and storing on Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Enterococcus faecalis and coagulase-negative staphylococci.
Farrat (1980) demonstrated that freezing at -80 ºC yielded higher survival rates of bacteria than freezing at -20 ºC. Little, however, is known about the overall survival and viability differences of various mastitogenic bacteria when frozen and when cryopreserved.
The objective of this study was to compare the two different freezing temperatures (approximately -20 ºC and approximately -196 ºC) on the survival and viability of eight mastitogenic bacteria commonly isolated from milk samples of South African dairy herds. The evaluated organisms were Streptococcus agalactiae, Str. dysgalactiae, Str. uberis, coagulase-negative staphylococci, E. faecalis, Escherichia coli and two groups of Staphylococcus aureus differentiated by means of phage typing.
Materials and methods
Two methods of preservation were investigated and full cream UHT (ultra-high-temperature processing) milk was selected as the diluent to standardise bacterial concentrations. Milk samples where SCC increased to more than 250 000 cells/mL, and not only milk from cows with clinical mastitis, were to be examined. A chest freezer was used in this study to simulate field conditions (Schukken et al. 1989).
Sample preparation
Eight mastitogenic bacteria namely, Sta. aureus (phage type, lytic group III), Sta. aureus (phage type, other than lytic group III), Str. agalactiae, Str. dysgalactiae, Str. uberis, E. faecalis, coagulase-negative staphylococci and E. coli were obtained from field cases of mastitis just prior to commencing this study. These eight bacteria were re-cultured from primary culture plates and incubated for a period of 24 hours to obtain pure cultures. Negative control plates were used in all cases to verify plate sterility.
Colonies of Sta. aureus were mixed thoroughly in physiological saline to obtain a 0.5 McFarland standard that is equal to a 1.5 x 108 cfu/mL bacterial suspension. A volume of 5 mL of this bacterial suspension was added to 480 mL of full cream UHT milk and mixed thoroughly by using a sterile magnetic stirrer prior to, and whilst making, aliquots. Aliquots of 1.5 mL each were pipetted into 201 marked Eppendorf tubes [1.5 mL Eppendorf micro test tubes, Merck (Pty) Ltd, Midrand South Africa] of which 100 were meant for cryopreservation and 100 for freezing. The content of the remaining 1 tube was plated out on Columbia Agar and incubated for 24 h at 37 ºC ± 1 ºC to verify growth. This process was repeated for each organism in this trial.
Ten tubes of each of the eight organisms were packed together and sealed in plastic bags (for freezing in a chest freezer) and separate cryogenic canisters (for cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen) to ensure minimum disturbance of the remaining samples on test days, on removal of test samples from the freezer and nitrogen tank, respectively.
In order to ensure that sample tubes remained in the cryogenic canisters, cotton wool was packed firmly on top of the samples in each of the cryogenic containers, to act as a stopper.
All cryogenic canisters were fully submerged, without any adaptation period, into the liquid phase of a 14 L liquid nitrogen flask filled to 75% capacity for transportation purposes to the organisation, 30 km away. At the organisation, the cryogenic canisters were put into a large liquid nitrogen tank, in excess of 3 m3 and/or a gross weight of 3000 kg (used for storing semen for long periods of time at the organisation), where the samples remained until required for testing. This organisation specialises in storing large quantities of semen over long periods of time. The vacuum insulated tanks were filled twice a week with 30 kg to 50 kg liquid nitrogen as required and kept at a temperature range of -192 ºC to -196 ºC. Daily monitoring of the liquid level of the tanks is carried out to ensure that all samples remain fully submerged. On each test day, one cryogenic container with all the test samples for that day, was removed by a senior employee of the organisation from the liquid nitrogen tank, and placed directly in a 6 L liquid nitrogen flask filled to 75% capacity for transportation to the milk laboratory.
The 10 sealed plastic bags containing the Eppendorf tubes with samples, were stored under identical environmental conditions. The plastic bags containing the samples were placed next to each other in a freezer basket in the centre of the freezer (Frostline, K.I.C. manufacturing, Model Number: OF 355) at approximately -20 ºC at the milk laboratory of the Department of Production Animal Studies, Onderstepoort, University of Pretoria. The temperature of this freezer was verified with a digital thermometer and probe (manufactured by Hanna, Model No: HI93530, Serial No: 33948956, Calibrated by Inter Cal Test and Measurement Centre, 907 Richards Drive, Halfway House, Midrand). This freezer was opened not more than twice a week for short periods of time. On each of the test days, 1 of the sealed plastic bags containing samples was removed from the chest freezer.
Experimental procedure
Sample schedule
All the samples were prepared, frozen and cryopreserved on day 0 of the trial. The first testing commenced at week 2 after freezing and continued every 2 weeks thereafter until week 18 for both the samples, frozen and cryopreserved. One additional batch of frozen samples was analysed at week 30 in order to establish extended survival and viability, as this is the method used most commonly in practice.
Thawing of samples
Test day samples from both frozen and cryopreserved batches were thawed at room temperature. The tops of all the Eppendorf tubes of cryopreserved samples were immediately covered with a HDPE (high density poly-ethylene) sheet to prevent the lids of the Eppendorf tubes from popping when taken from the cryogenic canisters, and placed into a micro test tube rack. The samples, of which the lids did pop, were not processed because of possible contamination, which resulted in missing numbers of liquid nitrogen samples. The Eppendorf tubes used were suitable for sample storage between -80 ºC and -100 ºC, and not -196 ºC, hence the popping of lids at thawing.
Identification of mastitogenic bacteria
With each batch of Columbia Agar base plates made, control plates are incubated for 24 h ± 1 h at 37 ºC ± 1 ºC and evaluated for sterility prior to use. Test milk samples were thawed and plated on Columbia Agar base plates [Oxoid, supplied by Quantum Biotechnologies (Pty) Ltd, Ferndale, South Africa] with 5% defibrinated bovine blood. For each group of bacteria (10 samples) at each test period, one uncultured plate was included as a negative control. Test plates were incubated for 24-48 hours at 37 ºC ± 1 ºC. Isolated bacteria were identified in accordance with standard laboratory milk culture methodology based on colony morphology, haemolysis, catalase, KOH test and Gram staining. Additional tests included a Strepkit [Latex agglutination test from Oxoid supplied by Quantum Biotechnologies (Pty) Ltd, Ferndale, South Africa], Staphylase Test [Quantum Biotechnologies (Pty) Ltd, Ferndale, South Africa] and the API 20E kit [BioMerieux South Africa (Pty) Ltd, 7 Malibongwe Street, Fontainebleau, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2194, South Africa], (Sandholm et al. 1995; Karzis 2005).
Recording of bacterial growth
Bacterial viability was recorded and based on the strength of bacterial growth. When there were less than 10 colonies, the actual number of colonies was recorded (Figure 1); otherwise the area of growth was used as a semi-quantitative criterion for viability. Scores of 1+, 2+ and 3+ were allocated when growth was evident on , , or the complete area of inoculation respectively (Figure 2).
Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was performed by using the Fisher exact test and reported as a two-sided P-value with significance set as P < 0.05.
In some of the 10 batches of cryopreserved samples, less than 10 samples were examined because of sample loss that resulted from the popping of lids of Eppendorf tubes. Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Str. uberis and Sta. aureus (STA and STH) bacteria could be isolated from all samples stored, showing a growth score of 3+ for the full duration of the study at both temperatures.
All bacterial samples survived for Str. agalactiae and E. coli for samples frozen and cryopreserved from week 2 to week 12. Differences in survival of the two bacteria between the two preservation methods only occurred from week 14 to week 18 (Table 1). There was a significant difference between the survival of Str. agalactiae samples that were frozen and those that were cryopreserved, for week 14 and week 18 (P = 0.033). There was no significant difference (Table 1) between the survival of the E. coli samples that were frozen and those that were cryopreserved.
Although coagulase-negative staphylococci survived in all the samples up to week 18 from both temperature treatments, a decrease in viability was observed after 4 weeks of cryopreservation (Figure 3) and 8 weeks of freezing (Figure 4). In the cryopreserved samples, growth of bacteria scored at 3+ and 2+ were present in all the samples up to week 12 and at week 16. At week 14 coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from 83% of samples and at week 18 from 88%. Growths scored at 3+ and 2+ were present only until week 8 in all samples frozen at approximately -20 ºC, in 70% of samples at weeks 10, 12 and 18, and in 80% of samples at week 14, and in 50% of samples at week 16 of freezing. At week 30, coagulase-negative staphylococci could only be isolated from 50% of the samples frozen and only with a score of 1+ growth.
Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated from all samples until week 18 and week 12 from cryopreserved and frozen samples, respectively, and from only 50% of samples frozen after week 12.
Cryopreserved E. faecalis survived in all the samples showing 3+ growth until week 12 and at week 18, whilst 20% of E. faecalis did not survive at week 8. During week 14 and week 16 viability decreased, showing a growth of 2+ in 20% and 11% of cryopreserved samples, respectively (Figure 5). Enterococcus faecalis survived and remained viable in all frozen samples with a score of 3+ growth until week 30, except for week 12 where viability decreased and 10% of cultures showed a score of 2+ growth.
Lower survival rates were observed in E. coli at week 14 and week 18 in 10% of cryopreserved samples. Escherichia coli survived in all frozen samples up to week 16, but only from 50% of samples at weeks 18 and 30. At week 12 only 20% of the cultures decreased in viability, showing a score of 2+ growth (Figure 6).
The ability of the organisms to withstand temperatures varied, but in general better survival and viability of bacteria were observed in cryopreserved samples in comparison to frozen samples. The rate at which bacteria are frozen is important, as slow freezing can cause cell wall collapse because of dehydration, or because of the formation of ice crystals which expand and in doing so destroy the cell walls (ed. Harris 1954). The entire cell content might contract and become concentrated causing the acid-base ratio to be altered and the salt concentration to rise to levels that are potentially lethal to cells. A rapid freezing process helps to prevent these destructive events (ed. Harris 1954).
Although coagulase-negative staphylococci survived from both temperature treatments until the end of the study, there was a difference in viability. These findings are in agreement with those of Luedecke et al. (1971), which also showed a decrease in colony count during 70 days of storage. This, however, differed from findings of Schukken et al. (1989), and Hubackova and Rysanek (2007), who detected increases in Staphylococcus epidermidis numbers from as soon as 7 days after freezing and which increased with storage periods. Luedecke et al. (1971) and Murdough et al. (1996), however, found no effect on the viability of Sta. epidermidis after freezing.
In this study no changes were observed in the survival and viability of Sta. aureus (both STA and STH) after cryopreservation for 18 weeks and freezing for 30 weeks, which agrees with results recorded by other researchers (Bashandy & Heider 1979; Luedecke et al. 1971; Murdough et al. 1996; Pankey et al. 1987; Schukken et al. 1989) who reported that freezing at temperatures of -20 ºC and -80 ºC had no effect on the recovery of Sta. aureus. Sol et al. (2002) even reported an increase in Sta. aureus numbers during freezing.
There was 100% survival of E. coli up to week 16 for frozen samples, and week 12 for cryopreserved samples. The viability of frozen samples decreased at week 12, however, whilst no decrease in viability was observed for cryopreserved samples. These findings are in agreement with the report of Murdough et al. (1996), but contradict numerous other studies that found significant declines in the isolation of E. coli from as early as 72 hours after freezing (Hubackova & Rysanek 2007; Pankey et al. 1987; Schukken et al. 1989; Sol et al. 2002; Storper, Ziv & Saran 1982). An observation was made during this study that E. coli colonies took more than double the time to react with 5% KOH from weeks 10 and 12 than for frozen and cryopreserved samples, respectively.
Results from literature on the survival of Str. agalactiae have been varied. The results obtained in this study for frozen samples are in agreement with studies of Luedecke et al. (1971); Bashandy and Heider (1979), and Storper et al. (1982), who all observed a significant decrease in survival over time. Villanueva et al. (1991) on the other hand, found a 2.50-fold increase in colony numbers when stored at -20 ºC for 23 days, whilst Sol et al. (2002) found that Str. agalactiae could be isolated from more samples if incubated at 37 ºC after freezing. Murdough et al. (1996) showed no differences in the survival of Str. agalactiae after being frozen for 6 weeks. In cryopreserved samples there was no observed decrease in either the survival or the viability of Str. agalactiae.
This study found no difference in the survival and viability of Str. uberis and Str. dysgalactiae between frozen and cryopreserved samples over time, and only slight differences for E. faecalis. These findings are in agreement with those of Murdough et al. (1996) who detected no significant changes in the survival of Str. dysgalactiae and Str. uberis numbers. Results of Bashandy and Heider (1979); Storper et al. (1982) and Pankey et al. (1987), however, found a significant decrease in the survival of non-agalactiae streptococcal isolates that were recovered from milk samples stored at temperatures of -18 ºC to -70 ºC.
Staphylococcus aureus (STA and STH), Str. dysgalactiae and Str. uberis were frozen and cryopreserved for 18 and 30 weeks respectively, without a reduction in survival and viability. Although coagulase-negative staphylococci survived until week 18 for frozen and cryopreserved samples, viability decreased after week 8 for frozen samples, and week 2 for cryopreserved samples. In the case of E. coli, cryopreservation had a slight advantage of survival for 2 weeks longer compared to samples that were frozen at approximately -20 ºC in a freezer. Streptococcus agalactiae had the largest variation in survival between frozen and cryopreserved samples after week 12, namely 100% survival in cryopreserved samples, and only 50% in frozen samples.
This study has indicated that milk can be frozen for at least 12 weeks and cryopreserved for up to 18 weeks, for the eight most commonly isolated mastitogenic organisms in South Africa. The process of thawing cryopreserved samples, however, in this study caused sample loss through the use of Eppendorf tubes, which were suitable for storage between -80 ºC and -100 ºC and not for cryopreservation. The use of suitable containers for cryopreservation will prevent loss of samples during thawing. Both freezing and cryopreservation can contribute to improving pro-active udder health management.
The authors of this paper thank the Cryogenic Facility at Taurus, Irene, South Africa for the use of their facilities in storing milk samples in liquid nitrogen.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationship(s) which may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this paper.
Authors' contributions
I.M.P. (University of Pretoria) was the project leader. I.M.P. (University of Pretoria), J.C.W. (University of Pretoria) and T.J.v.d.S. (University of Pretoria) were responsible for experimental and project design. N.M.I. (Herd Husbandry Help CC) assisted with the storage of samples in liquid nitrogen (-196 ºC) by making facilities available. S.E. (University of Pretoria) assisted with data capturing. J.K. (University of Pretoria) and I.M.P. (University of Pretoria) were responsible for the literature review, the writing-up of the article, and G.T.F. (University of Pretoria) assisted with data utilisation and statistical analysis.
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Correspondence to:
Inge-Marie Petzer
ostal address: Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110
South Africa
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Received: 20 May 2011
Accepted: 28 Sept. 2011
Published: 10 Feb. 2012


text:
Despite the uncertainty surrounding Davy Jones and other ultra-deep wells, Freeport (FCX-$33.50) hasn't shut out McMoRan Exploration (MMR-$15.69) investors completely. In addition to the $14.75 cash offer per share, the metals miner will issue 1.15 units of a royalty trust that will make payments – should any of McMoRan's existing ultra-deep exploration properties (in development) actually start-up producing natural gas and other hydrocarbons. Further, the trust could be callable in six-years at an implied valuation of $10 per unit (not bad for "dry" properties).
Editor David J Phillips does not hold a financial interest in any stocks mentioned in this article. The 10Q Detective has a Full Disclosure Policy.


text: If you've already seen Prometheus, then chances are you've come away with some lingering questions about the movie's basic premise. Luckily, there's a whole SMS conversation between a human and an extraterrestrial being over at Listen Eggroll that should explain everything. And by explain everything, I mean point out all the huge gaping holes in the basic set-up. Warning: Don't click that link unless you've seen the movie already. [Listen Eggroll via Scott_Tobias on Twitter]


text:
With the Budget due on Wednesday, political commentators are going into speculative overdrive about the contents of the Chancellor's statement.
The proximity of the general election means there will be an even greater focus than usual on where the political dividing lines are being drawn. The reality of the actual day, however, is somewhat less dramatic than it used to be, as most decisions are now made months in advance and then leaked to maximum effect over the preceding weeks.
What interests me is judging which organisations have successfully won the ear of Government. In an industry that often struggles to measure its outcomes, the Budget provides a yardstick to judge whether a government relations programme is working or not.
For every 'winner', there are of course 'losers', who suddenly find that a Treasury tax grab has destroyed their business plan or investment opportunity. What often surprises me is that it's the same industries being hit every year – and many aren't asking themselves why their approach to the Treasury is failing.
A recent conversation with a Treasury special adviser reinforced my view that many businesses still don't understand how best to engage with the Budget process. The adviser concerned had been dealing with the fallout from the Autumn Statement and numerous businesses that seemed to think providing econometric modelling was enough to prove their case. In the absence of a compelling popular narrative about why a measure should or should not be pursued, they were often wasting their time.
Every industry has bad practice, with consultants making a living by promising that the impossible can be solved with the help of their black book. Nowhere is this truer than with the Budget, as many people are convinced that if only they had the ear of George Osborne or Danny Alexander, everything would be OK. The truth is that successfully influencing the Budget takes a lot of effort to convince politicians that a course of action is not only the right decision, but is also in their interests to pursue.
At the last Budget, for example, the fuel duty freeze, scrapping the beer duty escalator and shale gas incentives were examples of lobbying that resulted in real policy changes that had huge commercial impacts. The common thread was that they were built on campaigns that successfully used the media to promote their stance, third-party support to endorse their position and direct lobbying to rally politicians to their cause. In short, they used exactly the same tactics with which politicians are familiar and undertake themselves to gain election.
There has been a substantive shift in the industry in recent years, as consultants have become vastly more sophisticated in their approach to influence. Those who understand the shift and know how to build campaigns across media platforms will be quietly celebrating in a few days' time.
Stephen Lotinga is managing director of public affairs at Edelman