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|Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
|Film information
|Music by
|Release date(s)
|Running time
161 minutes
$100 million
|Gross Revenue
|Preceded by
|Followed by
- "Something Evil Has Returned to Hogwarts!"
- —Official tagline
The film version of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets was based on the second book in the series, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. It was directed by Chris Columbus and Steve Kloves was the screenwriter.
Just as Harry Potter is packing his bags to leave the Dursleys, he receives a warning from a house-elf named Dobby, that if Harry goes back to Hogwarts, disaster will strike, and it does.
The new stuck-up Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher Gilderoy Lockhart, the wailing bathroom ghost Moaning Myrtle, and the new lessons at Hogwarts seem like only minor details when a mysterious creature starts Petrifying Muggle-born students. But everyone's wondering the same thing: who set the creature on the Muggle-borns? Could it be Draco Malfoy, the new Slytherin Seeker and a more poisonous rival than ever? Maybe it's Hagrid, whose strange past is finally told. Or could it possibly be the one that everyone at Hogwarts most suspects: Harry Potter himself!
While home with the Dursleys for the summer, Harry Potter (Daniel Radcliffe) is not getting any mail from his friends, Ron (Rupert Grint) and Hermione (Emma Watson). On his twelfth birthday (July 31) Harry is visited by Dobby, a house-elf, who warns Harry that he will be in mortal danger if he returns to Hogwarts. Harry ignores Dobby's warning and is determined to return. It turns out that Dobby has been collecting Harry's letters to make it seem as though his friends had forgotten him, hoping Harry might then not want to return to Hogwarts. Seeing that he will have to use force, Dobby decides to destroy, by the use of a charm, a large cake that Aunt Petunia (Fiona Shaw) has baked for an important dinner party attended by Vernon Dursley's (Richard Griffiths) boss and his wife by making it float in the air, and then dropping it on the wife of Vernon's boss. Harry is blamed by the Ministry of Magic for Dobby's charm, and is told that if he does magic outside school again, he will be expelled. On learning that Harry cannot perform magic outside school, the Dursleys, previously fearful of his wizarding, lock Harry's books and wand away and Vernon Dursley fits bars onto his bedroom window, making Harry a prisoner.
A few days later, Fred, George (James and Oliver Phelps), and Ron Weasley come to his rescue in their father's enchanted Ford Anglia. After a pleasant summer together in the Weasley house, everyone heads to Platform 9¾ to take the Hogwarts Express back to school. To their shock, Harry and Ron are unable to enter the barrier between platforms 9 and 10. In desperation, they fly to Hogwarts in the car, crashing into the Whomping Willow and damaging Ron's wand. The semi-sentient car ejects them and their belongings and disappears into the Forbidden Forest.
Harry soon finds he is the unwanted centre of attention of three people: the vain new Defense Against the Dark Arts Professor, Gilderoy Lockhart (Kenneth Branagh), admirer Colin Creevey (Hugh Mitchell), and Ron's sister, Ginny Weasley (Bonnie Wright), who fancies Harry. Events take a turn for the worse when the Chamber of Secrets is opened and a monster stalks the castle, with the power literally to petrify several students. According to legend, the Chamber was built by Salazar Slytherin and can only be opened by his heir, in order to purge Hogwarts of students who are not pure-blood wizards. Many suspect Harry is the Heir of Slytherin, especially after he inadvertently speaks Parseltongue (the language of snakes), a rare ability Harry gained after Voldemort's murderous attack upon him when he was an infant.
Harry, Ron, and Hermione attempt to discover the Heir of Slytherin's true identity. Using Polyjuice Potion brewed by Hermione, they disguise themselves as Slytherin students, Crabbe (Jamie Waylett) and Goyle (Josh Herman), hoping to learn from Draco Malfoy (Tom Felton) the identity of the Heir. Malfoy, they learn, does not know who the Heir of Slytherin is, but he inadvertently provides Harry and Ron with an important clue about the Chamber of Secrets.
Unfortunately, the hair that Hermione took from Millicent Bullstrode's uniform was from a cat, and as the polyjuice potion is only intended for human transformations she assumes a feline appearance; it takes a little more than a month to restore her to normal human form. She is released from the hospital wing in early February, her normal appearance restored.
The attacks increase throughout the year, petrifying more students, including Hermione. Most horribly, a message written on a wall declares that Ginny Weasley has been taken into the Chamber, where "her skeleton will lie forever".
With the help of Ron and Moaning Myrtle (Shirley Henderson), Harry discovers the entrance to the Chamber of Secrets. They force Gilderoy Lockhart, a fraud who wipes clean other wizards' memories and claims their achievements, to go with them. Once they find the entrance to the Chamber, Lockhart attempts to use Ron's broken wand to erase Harry and Ron's memories, but the spell backfires on to himself and brings the ceiling caving in, separating Harry from Ron and Lockhart. Lockhart revives, but has now lost his own memory.
Harry makes it to the Chamber where he finds an unconscious Ginny. He also meets a young man named Tom Riddle, who claims to be a "memory". Harry learns that Ginny, under the control of Lord Voldemort, opened the Chamber. Voldemort, whose real name is Tom Marvolo Riddle (the anagram of which is "I am Lord Voldemort"), imprinted his memory in an enchanted diary, in order to one day continue the work he began when he reopened the Chamber fifty years ago ridding Hogwarts of witches and wizards that are not of pure-blood. It was Hagrid, a Hogwarts student at the time, who was blamed for the attacks and expelled and has been sent to Azkaban prison by the Ministry for Magic.
Tom Riddle's memory grows more powerful as it steals life from Ginny's body, and it tries to kill Harry by setting loose a basilisk (the monster responsible for petrifying the students). But Dumbledore's (Richard Harris) phoenix, Fawkes, arrives carrying the Sorting Hat, from which Harry draws out the sword of Godric Gryffindor. Fawkes blinds the basilisk, destroying its fatal gaze, and Harry slays it with the sword. In attempting to slay the basilisk Harry's arm has been pierced by the creature's fang. Harry stabs the diary with one of the basilisk's fangs, and the memory of Tom Riddle is destroyed, while Ginny revives from her near-death state. Harry seems to be dying quickly from the venom but Fawkes comes to heal Harry with his tears (phoenix tears have healing powers). Ginny and Harry both recover fully, along with those who were petrified: Hermione, Mrs Norris, Justin Finch-Fletchley, Nearly Headless Nick (John Cleese), and Colin Creevey.
Harry realizes it was Lucius Malfoy (Jason Isaacs), Draco Malfoy's father, who slipped the diary into Ginny's cauldron when he encountered the Weasleys in a Diagon Alley bookshop, but he is unable to prove it. Dobby reveals he is the Malfoys' servant, and knowing their treachery, had been trying to protect Harry all year. In gratitude, Harry sticks one of his old socks into the diary and hands it to Lucius. Lucius gives the diary to Dobby, who finds the sock hidden in its pages. This constitutes, in Dobby's eyes, a gift of clothing the traditional manner in which a master frees a house-elf from servitude. The freed Dobby declares he is eternally grateful to Harry and protects him from an attempted reprisal from Lucius. The word "Avada" is used as the beginning of Lucius Malfoy's curse, suggesting that it is the Avada Kedavra (the killing curse).
Dumbledore dispels Harry's fears that he could have been put into Slytherin rather than into Gryffindor when he tells Harry that it is his choices that define him and not his abilities, and that Harry could not have wielded the sword of Gryffindor if he did not truly belong to that house. At the end of the year feast, Dumbledore announces that all the exams have been canceled.
The trioEdit
Hogwarts staffEdit
- Richard Harris as Albus Dumbledore
- Maggie Smith as Minerva McGonagall
- Alan Rickman as Severus Snape
- Robbie Coltrane as Rubeus Hagrid
- Kenneth Branagh as Gilderoy Lockhart
- Warwick Davis as Filius Flitwick
- Miriam Margoyles as Pomona Sprout
- Lia Alu as Wizard teacher
- Gemma Jones as Poppy Pomfrey
- Sally Mortemore as Irma Pince
- David Bradley as Argus Filch
Other Hogwarts denizensEdit
- Leslie Phillips as the voice of The Sorting Hat
- Peter Taylor as Man in Portrait
- Daisy Bates as Brunette Lady in Portrait
- David Tysall as Count in Portrait
- Violet Columbus as Girl With Flowers
Order of the PhoenixEdit
Lord Voldemort, His Death Eaters and FollowersEdit
Hogwarts studentsEdit
- Rochelle Douglas as Alicia Spinnet
- Danielle Tabor as Angelina Johnson
- Hugh Mitchell as Colin Creevey
- Alfred Enoch as Dean Thomas
- James Phelps as Fred Weasley
- Oliver Phelps as George Weasley
- Bonnie Wright as Ginny Weasley
- Emily Dale as Katie Bell
- Kathleen Cauley as Lavender Brown
- Luke Youngblood as Lee Jordan
- Matthew Lewis as Neville Longbottom
- Sean Biggerstaff as Oliver Wood
- Chris Rankin as Percy Weasley
- Devon Murray as Seamus Finnigan
- Victoria Goddard as Gryffindor student
- Jessica Foden as Gryffindor student / Prefect
- Louis Doyle as Ernie Macmillan
- Charlotte Skeoch as Hannah Abbott
- Edward Randell as Justin Finch-Fletchley
- Eleanor Columbus as Susan Bones
- Scot Fearn as Adrian Pucey
- Tom Felton as Draco Malfoy
- Josh Herdman as Gregory Goyle
- Jamie Yeates as Marcus Flint
- Helen Stuart as Millicent Bulstrode
- David Holmes as Slytherin Beater 1
- David Massam as Slytherin Beater 2
- Tony Christian as Slytherin Beater 3
- Jamie Waylett as Vincent Crabbe
- Samantha Brown as Slytherin student
Unknown houseEdit
- Brendan Columbus as Boy in Study Hall 1
- Robert Ayres as Boy in Study Hall 2
- Amy Puglia as a student
- Christina Petrou as First Year student
- Emma Georgia Murphy as school girl
- 'Amie Kirby as student
Ministry of MagicEdit
- Ben Borowiecki as Angus (Diagon Alley Boy)
- Isabella Columbus as Book-store Girl
- Peter O'Farrell as Bozo the Daily Prophet Photographer
- Christopher O'Shea as Extra
- Pamela Kempthorne as Knockturn Alley Witch
- Jenny Tarren as Knockturn Alley Witch
- Terence Mcauley as Knockturn Alley Wizard
- Salo Gardner as Knockturn Alley Wizard
- Edward Tudor-Pole as Mr. Borgin
- Les Bubb as Reader
- Sean Cronin as Wizard
- Antonia Frampton as Extra
- Fenetta Agyemang-Norman as Extra
- Jess Smith as Extra
- Alice Bowmaker as Extra
- Anthony Lee as Continuity Artist
- Charlotte Willis as Extra
- Jade Prince as Extra
- Richenda Crookes as Diagon Alley Witch
Ghosts, spectres, photos or flashback performanceEdit
- Adrian Rawlins as James Potter
- Geraldine Somerville as Lily Potter
- Martin Bayfield as Young Rubeus Hagrid
- Alfred Burke as Armando Dippet
- John Cleese as Nearly Headless Nick
- Shirley Henderson as Moaning Myrtle
- Nina Young as The Grey Lady
- Richard Griffiths as Vernon Dursley
- Fiona Shaw as Petunia Dursley
- Harry Melling as Dudley Dursley
- Jim Norton as Mr. Mason
- Veronica Clifford as Mrs. Mason
- Tom Knight as Mr. Granger
- Heather Bleasdale as Mrs. Granger
- Harry Taylor as King's Cross Station Guard
Magic creaturesEdit
- Toby Jones as the voice of Dobby the House Elf
- 'Wataru Takagi as the voice of Dobby the House Elf (Japanese dub)
- Julian Glover as the voice of Aragog
- Hugo, Bully, Bella, Luigi and Vito as Fang
- Gizmo, Ook, Kasper, Oops, Oh Oh, Swoops, Elmo, Bandit and Sprout as Hedwig
- Maximus, Alanis and Cornilus as Mrs. Norris
- Dex and 11 Unknown rats as Scabbers
- Zeus and Unknown owls as Errol[1]
Differences from the bookEdit
1. The Worst BirthdayEdit
- The book begins in the morning of Harry's birthday. The film begins in the evening of the day the Masons visit, omitting Dobby in the hedges and additional quarrels between Harry and the Dursleys. However Vernon does say that Harry is not thankful; Vernon says they cared for Harry since he was a baby, gave him their good food, and giving him Dudley's extra bedroom because they were so merciful.
2. Dobby's WarningEdit
- In the book, when Harry enters his room, Dobby sits on his bed quietly. In the film, Dobby is jumping on his bed and laughing.
- Dobby does not mention that Voldemort, or a possible brother could be a suspect, as in the book version.
- In the books, whenever Dobby disapparates, the usual loud crack is heard. But in the films, Dobby appears and disappears quietly, however it differs from film to film how he does it. In this film he fades, like if the wind took him.
- The film shows Dobby levitating the cake into the sitting room and dropping it on top of Mrs Mason. In the book, however, the pudding dropped by Dobby in the kitchen, causing it to explode all over Harry, not Mrs Mason. Also in the film. Mr. Mason tastes the cake, using a finger.
- While the reason in the film for the Mason's departure was due to the cake dropping on Mrs. Mason, in the book it was due to Mrs. Mason's fear of birds when an owl sent by the Ministry of Magic arrived at the Dursleys in regards to the illegal use of the Hover Charm that was performed.
- A scene is cut where the Ministry sends a letter to reprimand Harry for violating the Decree for the Reasonable Restriction of Underage Sorcery, which informed the Dursleys of this rule. This explains in the following film how Vernon Dursley already knew that Harry is not allowed to perform magic outside of school. Since this scene was not included in this film, it caused a continuity error with the future films.
- In the book, Uncle Vernon tells a man to fit the bars on Harry's window, but in the film, Uncle Vernon fits the bars on Harry's window himself.
- Harry's nightmare of himself being in a zoo cage is omitted.
3. The BurrowEdit
- In the film, Ron wishes Harry a happy birthday when they fly away from 4 Privet Drive. Ron doesn't say this in the book as Harry's birthday was the same day the Masons visited. It should be mentioned that in the film the Weasleys gets Harry out the same evening, while in the book they saved him from the Dursleys early in the morning, next day.
- In the book, the Dursleys were woken up by Hedwig's screech. In the film, they're woken up by the noise of the bars falling into the grass.
- In the book, Harry's trunk is locked in the cupboard under the stairs and Fred and George sneak in the house and pick the lock of both Harry's room and the cupboard. In the film, Harry's trunk is in his room and Fred and George don't sneak in the house.
- In the book, Harry forgets Hedwig, but he gets to her just in time. In the film, Harry doesn't forget anything.
- When Harry was escaping from the Dursleys, only Uncle Vernon tried to prevent him from escaping, eventually falling out of the window. In the book, all of the Dursleys tried to prevent him from escaping, only to end up hanging from the window.
- In the Flying Ford Anglia the Weasley brothers suggest that Dobby could be an untrustworthy servant of the Malfoys. This is omitted from the film.
- In the book, when Harry arrives at the Weasleys' home, Mrs. Weasley makes her sons "de-gnome" the garden. This scene is omitted from the film.
4. Flourish and BlottsEdit
- The scene where Harry listens to Lucius and Draco Malfoy's business with Borgin is cut. It is included in the deleted scenes section of the DVD. (An alternate version of the same scene, where Harry is caught by Borgin was also filmed and included on the DVD.) In this scene Lucius almost hits Draco two times with his walking stick when telling him not to touch anything. This could be meant in reference to the cursed necklace.
- In the book, Mr. Weasley repairs Harry's glasses in Diagon Alley, but in the film, Hermione repairs them and the knowledge of her using under-age magic is unnoticed. Though it is revealed in one of the following books that the Ministry of Magic only knows where there is used magic and not who it is that is using magic. (This explains why Harry is believed to be the one to perform the levitating spell on the pudding though it is Dobby. Also this could explain why Hermione didn't get a letter on the Hogwarts Express in the previous film; too many students and pre-students, plus two adults.)
- The part where Arthur Weasley fights with Lucius Malfoy in Flourish and Blotts is omitted. Instead, they only exchange tense words. Lucius also mentions that he will "see you [Arthur] at work", implying that he works at the Ministry of Magic in the film.
- When they meet in Diagon Alley, Hermione chides Lucius Malfoy for not using Voldemort's name. (In the first two films, Hermione shows no fear of the name Voldemort, speaking it without difficulty in the first film) In the books, Hermione never uses the name Voldemort until the fifth novel, and even then it requires courage. The films have a bit of a continuity issue on this point as the fifth film shows her getting the courage to say "Voldemort".
- Arthur Weasley asks Harry about escalators in the book, but in the film, he asks about rubber duckies.
5. The Whomping WillowEdit
- Harry and Ron get to Hogwarts with almost no problem in the book, whereas in the film they nearly get hit by the Hogwarts Express, and Harry nearly falls out of the car.
- In the film, Argus Filch finds Harry and Ron and takes them to Professor Snape's office, but in the book, Snape himself finds Harry and Ron and takes them to his office.
- In the book, Ron and Harry eat sandwiches in Snape's office after being caught by Snape. Ron wants to know which house Ginny was placed in and Professor McGonagall tells him she's a Gryffindor. This scene is not in the film, but Ron does find out about Ginny being in Gryffindor from his mother's howler.
6. Gilderoy LockhartEdit
- In the book, Mrs. Weasley's howler to Ron is much lengthier and mentions Harry in it. In the film the howler message is much shorter and Harry is never mentioned, instead a part of the howler was directed to Ginny. Also in the book, there is no mention of howlers folding themselves into a pair of lips.
- Howler bursts into flames in the book but rips itself into shreds in the film, with a grrr-sound.
- Lockhart's scene with Professor Sprout before the first Herbology lesson of the year, in which he implied that he knew more about caring for Whomping Willows than she did, is not shown.
- The scenes in which Lockhart lectures Harry for giving out autographs (due to Colin's actual request in the book) and makes him late for Herbology, are not seen in the film.
- Defence Against the Dark Arts shows both Hufflepuffs (Justin Finch-Fletchley and Susan Bones, for example) and Slytherins (Malfoy, Crabbe, and Goyle) in the same class as the Gryffindors.
- Second-year Gryffindors have Herbology only with the Hufflepuffs in the book, but also with the Slytherins in the film.
- Ernie Macmillan's role is diminished to a non-speaking part. The part where he and Hannah Abbott talk in the library about their theory of Harry wanting to attack Justin Finch-Fletchley was cut, but appears on the deleted scenes, however in the Study Hall. Also, Ernie is the one who blames Harry for attacking Justin when he is discovered, Petrified, but in the film, Argus Filch finds Harry and wants to expel him. In the book, it was Peeves who found him, and sung his funny song.
- As with the previous film and all of the following ones, the character of Peeves is omitted completely.
- During the first Defence Against the Dark Arts lesson, Lockhart refers to the Bandon Banshee as male rather than female.
- The scene where Lockhart gives out a test is omitted in the film. It is included as a deleted scene on the DVD of the film.
7. Mudbloods and MurmursEdit
- In the book, Hermione has never heard the term "Mudblood" before, and Ron later explained the definition to her. In the film, she is aware of the term and is deeply hurt, even seen trying not to cry, and explains what it means to Harry, though Hagrid defines its origin for Harry and Ron and says exactly what Ron says in the book. Ron only responds to it with only one word.
8. The Deathday PartyEdit
- Nearly Headless Nick's Deathday Party does not appear in the movie, othe than in concept art. Because of this, Harry encounters the petrified Mrs. Norris on his way back from spending hours of detention with Gilderoy Lockhart instead. Harry also meets Ron and Hermione just before finding Mrs. Norris in the film, while in the book they were with Harry the entire time.
9. The Writing on the WallEdit
- In the book, Harry, Ron and Hermione are spoken to by the teachers in Gilderoy Lockhart's office. In the film, they are spoken to in the corridor where the attack happened.
- Mention of Filch being a Squib is omitted. However, very oddly, the term is mentioned in the Danish version of the subtitles; calling him Mr. Squib, although with the Danish term.
- Mention of Ron's detention and the fact that he recognised Tom Riddle's name from an award he received for special services to the school, was cut, but appears on the deleted scenes.
- In the film, Hermione claims that the writing on the wall is written in blood. The book, however, states that message is simply written in red paint.
10. The Rogue BludgerEdit
- In the book, to borrow the Moste Potente Potions book from the library, which had the recipe for the Polyjuice Potion, Hermione had to get a note from Gilderoy Lockhart (which he signed without looking at) because it was in the restricted section. In the film, the scene was omitted, and the book was in the regular section of the library.
- In the film, the match takes place in sunlight; in the book, the majority of it takes place in rainy weather.
- In the book, Draco does not notice the Snitch at all, due to having been insulting Harry at the time and Harry quickly catches the Snitch before Malfoy could realise it, but in the film, he sees it just after Harry does, and just after ducking to prevent being hit by a Bludger, and it leads to both of them chasing after the snitch for a few seconds before Harry catches it first. Also in the film, they chase the Snitch in between the Quidditch Stands.
- During the match in both book and film, Slytherin had taken the lead of Gryffindor of throwing the Quaffle through the hoops, but they had different scores: In the book, the final score was 60-0, but in the film, the score is 90-30, in which Gryffindor would then receive 150 points because Gryffindor won the match.
- In the film, while Malfoy was dodging the Bludger, he tilted his broom too low, the tip of his broom hits a beam, causing him to catapult off his broom, and land on the grass, landing on his groin doing a full split. He was still moaning in agonizing pain at the Hospital Wing when Madam Pomfrey tells him not to make such a fuss.
- In a deleted scene from the film Harry tries to avoid being hit by a Bludger by flying in the Slytherin tribune. This does not happen in the book.
- Lucius Malfoy is seen in the audience observing the Gryffindor-Slytherin Quidditch Match in the film. This is not mentioned in the book.
- In the book Fred and George attempt to protect Harry from the rogue bludger, and later place it back in its case while restraining it. In the film, Hermione destroys the rogue bludger with Finite Incantatem after the game, effectively damaging a piece of Hogwarts property.
- In the book, Harry's arm is injured by the Rogue Bludger, before he charges at Malfoy, but after spotting the Snitch, due to a moment of hesitation. In the film it occurs after the added incident in which Malfoy has crashes off his broom. Additionally Hagrid is present when Lockhart removes the bones from Harry's injured arm when attempting to heal the broken bones, whereas he wasn't in the ook.
- In the film Filch supports Slytherin, being seen standing in a crowd of Slytherin spectators, whereas is the books, it is never specified if he takes sides.
- In the book, when Harry is in the hospital wing following the Quidditch match, Ron, Hermione and Madam Pomfrey are the only people there when he takes the Skele-Gro, the rest of the team come in later and Madam Pomfrey shouts at them to get out. In the film however, the entire team plus Ron and Hermione come with him, and Madam Pomfrey tells them to get out of her way, not to get out of the Hospital Wing.
11. The Duelling ClubEdit
- The scene in which Harry, Ron, and Hermione cause a disturbance in Potions class to steal ingredients from Professor Snape was omitted. This caused a continuity error for the film version of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire where Snape accused Harry of brewing Polyjuice Potion by stealing its ingredients "again". Possible explanations could be that it happened off-screen, or that Snape just came to the conclusion that Harry did it. Also, because Barty Crouch Jr. was stealing Snape's ingredients to brew Polyjuice Potion to impersonate Alastor Moody in the fourth film, it is possible that Snape mistakenly thought Harry was stealing the ingredients earlier in his fourth year and was warning him not to do so in what Snape falsely perceived to be a second time.
- In the Duelling Club scene, Harry and Draco are the only combatants participating, while in the novel, other classmates in their year are shown participating along with them, such as Hermione, Millicent Bulstrode, Ron, Seamus, Neville, and Justin Finch-Fletchley.
- Also in the Duelling Club sequence, when Harry speaks Parseltongue, in the book, the reader knows what he says immediately, as is the case when Harry speaks with the snake at the zoo in the film version of Philosopher's Stone. In the film, it's only hissing sounds until Harry explains what he said to Ron and Hermione. Other uses of the language later in the film are left untranslated, but most likely are the same as the book's translations. Also the games explains what he says.
- A line that Snape spoke in the book "Longbottom causes devastation with the simplest spells", was changed to "Weasley's wand causes devastation with the simplest spells" after Professor Lockhart chose Ron and Harry to demonstrate the Disarming Charm (in the book, Snape spoke instead about Neville Longbottom). The film also changed the line "We'll be sending what's left of Finch-Fletchley up to the hospital wing in a matchbox" to "We'll be sending what's left of Potter up to the hospital wing in a matchbox" as Justin Finch-Fletchley did not duel during the scene, either.
- Also in the Duelling Club scene, Rictusempra was used like a Stunning Spell which caused Malfoy to be thrown up in a back flip. In the book, Rictusempra was described to give its receiver an uncontrollable tickling sensation. Tarantallegra, a jinx used to force someone to dance wildly and involuntarily, was also not used in the film. In addition, attacking with a Serpensortia spell was Malfoy's own choice, whereas in the novel, Snape was the one who gave him that idea. Everte Statum was also not mentioned in the book but was used in the film.
- In a deleted scene after the Duelling Club, Harry was talking to Hedwig in a mountainous area away from the castle saying "Who am I, Hedwig? What am I?".
12. The Polyjuice PotionEdit
- In the book, when Harry asks the Sorting Hat whether it put him in the right House, he does it with the hat on his head. In the film, he merely stands before it.
- The Polyjuice Potion in the book changes colours as the hair is added. In the film, it does not change colours at all.
- The scene in the Great Hall during the Christmas Feast, Hermione simply says that she got Millicent Bulstrode's hair off her robes. The novel, however, depicts her and Millicent in the Duelling club where Millicent is head-locking Hermione, and she happens to find black hair on her robes.
- The scene where Harry and Ron hide Crabbe and Goyle in a broom cupboard is omitted (the scene was filmed and included in the deleted scenes section, though). Due to this omission Crabbe and Goyle are dazed and confused when Harry and Ron run past them after their transformation has worn off instead of pounding while still in the cupboard.
- The effects of the Polyjuice Potion differ from book to film. In the film, Harry and Ron's voices don't change when they become Crabbe and Goyle, forcing them to imitate these voices. This causes a continuity error with Barty Crouch Jr.'s usage of the Polyjuice Potion in the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire; however, since in the film adaptations of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the character's voices remain the same as well, it is more likely that Crouch was imitating Moody's voice. In the book, Harry's vision changes and he takes his glasses off, but in the film, his vision apparently does not change, and only takes the glasses off when Draco questions Harry (here disguised as Goyle) wearing them. This could also create a continuity error in the film adaptation of the first half of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows when Hermione, Ron, and others take the potion to transform into Harry, and Hermione remarks that Harry's eyesight is really bad.
- During the Slytherin Common Room scene, there are some parts of the book which are omitted from the film, like:
- Draco showing Goyle/Harry and Crabbe/Ron the Daily Prophet article about Arthur Weasley's inquiry at the Ministry of Magic about having been fined for having an enchanted Muggle car is omitted.
- Draco does not mention Dumbledore's love of Muggle-borns (but it's obvious that Dumbledore still loved them). Also, due to this omission, Draco does not make the rude mimicking act of Colin Creevey wanting Harry's autograph.
- There is no mention of Azkaban prison in this scene because Harry did not ask Draco whether he knew if the person who opened the Chamber last time was caught. Instead, it is first mentioned by Hagrid in the scene where Dumbledore and Cornelius Fudge come to Hagrid's hut.
- In the film, when Draco mentions that "you'd never know" the Weasleys were pure-bloods the way they behave along with an added line that was not mentioned in the book: "They're an embarassment to the wizarding world. All of them.", Ron makes a fist and looks furious, but in the book, Ron's face is just contorted with fury and there is no fist.
- In the book, Ron and Harry realize they're turning back to normal when Harry sees Ron's hair turning red and his nose lengthening and they run. In the film, they realise when Ron sees Harry's scar reappearing (which didn't happen in the book) and Harry seeing Ron's hair growing red again and whispering "Scar" (Ron) and "Hair" (Harry).
- There is a scene added in which Draco finds a small package and after shaking it once, asks Goyle/Harry if it's his (Harry's), Harry shakes his head and Draco puts the package in his school robe pocket, then a few seconds before Harry and Ron realise that they're about to turn back to their normal selves, Draco unwraps the package and after Harry's scar reappears and Ron's hair starts turning back to red, Draco is seen to having a small silver object in his hand, but it does not fully appear since it was in Draco's hand. The package was not included in the book.
13. The Very Secret DiaryEdit
- The part where Hermione gets a get well soon card from Gilderoy Lockhart is omitted, but included in the original script.
- In the book, Professor Binns explains to the class about the Chamber of Secrets during a History of Magic class, but in the film, Minerva McGonagall explains it to the students during a Transfiguration class as Professor Binns is not in the film. In the game, Professor Flitwick explains it during a Charms lesson.
- The Valentine's Day breakfast in the Great Hall which was arranged by Professor Lockhart is omitted.
- The scene when Harry gets his Valentine and Draco Malfoy tries to steal Tom Riddle's diary in which Harry disarms him and Percy scolds Harry for using magic in the corridors is omitted.
- In the book, the ink is scarlet. In the film, the ink is black.
- In the book, Tom Riddle's diary displays his first and middle names as initials. In the film, Tom Riddle's full first and last names are shown on the diary.
- In the book, when Harry gets sucked into the diary to 50 years before, he enters through the Headmaster's office where Professor Dippet was reading a letter from Tom Riddle. In the film, he enters below the Grand Staircase where Tom Riddle was standing, shortly before a younger Dumbledore appears to talk to him.
- In the film, a scene is added in which Harry and Tom Riddle see Myrtle's dead body (unknown to Harry) wrapped up in a sheet with her right arm sticking out and being carried away by several unidentified wizards. This event did not occur in the novel.
- In the book, Armando Dippet is the one to talks to Tom Riddle about Hogwarts closing. In the film, Dumbledore talks to Tom while Dippet appears only a brief second then turns his back and does not speak to Tom. Although, in the book, after Tom's meeting with Dippet, he finds Dumbledore who asks Tom why he's wandering around late and then tells him to hurry off to bed because it's not safe to roam the corridors these days.
- In the book, while Harry is in the memory inside the diary and he sees Tom Riddle with Rubeus Hagrid, Tom calls him "Rubeus", but in the film, he calls him Hagrid instead, like everybody else.
14. Cornelius FudgeEdit
- In the book when McGonagall is cancelling the Gryffindor-Hufflepuff Quidditich match, she is doing this with a large megaphone while out on the field to send the message much to the dismay of Oliver Wood and the audience. In the film however, she simply informs the Gryffindor team just as they were heading out to the field, and Wood is much less aggressive about it than in the book.
- Ginny's attempt to confide her secret to Ron and Harry is omitted, although a scene where Ginny sees Harry with the diary was initially featured in the script.
- Almost all foreshadowing hints about Ginny acting strangely or emotionally are omitted. However, in the film, the scene in which McGonagall informs the Gryffindors of the possible closing of the school reveals a close-up of Ginny appearing uneasy as if it's her fault.
- Possible Explanation: Though Ginny did seem uneasy as if it is her fault, in the book she is "bullied" into taking a dose of Pepperup Potion by Percy. In the film this is omitted, along with the fact that she didn't even notice Harry in the book, while in the film she had said "Mummy, have you seen my jumper?", and Mrs. Weasley responded with "Yes dear, it was on the cat." Then, when Ginny sees Harry, he says "Hello" and she turns and hurries off.
- Penelope Clearwater's role as a Basilisk victim is omitted from the film.
- The book mentioned that "the crowing of the rooster is fatal to the Basilisk" which led Hagrid's roosters to be killed since the Heir of Slytherin didn't want one near the castle. This was not mentioned in the film, although Hagrid was seen holding one of his dead roosters while talking to Dumbledore. A deleted scene shows Harry finding Hagrid holding the rooster. Hagrid explains his thought about a Blood-Sucking Bugbear, and that he is going to ask Dumbledore for permission to cast a protecting charm.
15. AragogEdit
- In the book, after Hagrid mentions that if they were looking for answers, all they'd have to do was follow the spiders, Harry and Ron didn't see any spiders until one day in Herbology when Harry points them out to Ron. They noticed the path the spiders were taking, which was right into the Forbidden Forest, and didn't follow them until everyone had gone to sleep in their dormitory. In the film, right after Hagrid is taken away by the Minister, Harry and Ron see spiders crawling along Hagrid's window and follow them into the Forbidden Forest.
- In the book, Harry, Ron and Fang are taken by the spiders to Aragog's lair but in the film they make their own way there. Also, they never see the Ford Anglia before arriving at Aragog's lair; hence their looks of surprise in the film when it crashes through the spiders to rescue them, although a deleted scene shows them finding the car before they meet Aragog.
- Also, in the deleted scene where Harry and Ron find the Ford Anglia, Harry tells Ron they don't want to lose the trail of spiders, but in the book, they lose the trail and try to find them before being dragged to Aragog's lair.
- In the film, Mosag, Aragog's mate, is not mentioned.
16. The Chamber of SecretsEdit
- In the book, when McGonagall and the other teachers volunteer Lockhart to fight the Basilisk, the teachers are collected in the Staffroom with Harry and Ron hiding in the wardrobe. In the film, the teachers are gathered in front of the daubed message on the wall stating Ginny's capture with Harry and Ron hiding behind a corner. Also, in the book the teachers' comments after Lockhart has left them make it clear that they know he is incapable and were simply getting him out of the way. These comments are left out from the film, but it's still highly unlikely the plan was ever genuine and unlike in the book, the second messsage is seen on-screen in the film.
- In the book, when Harry and Ron realise that Lockhart is a fraud, they subdue him by performing a Disarming Charm and throwing his wand out of the window. In the film, Lockhart hopelessly drops his wand when Harry and Ron point theirs at his face.
- In the book, it says that the snake who had shed the skin must have been at least twenty feet long. In the movie, Ron remarks that the creature must have been at least sixty feet long.
17. The Heir of SlytherinEdit
- In the film, the Basilisk is seen chasing Harry all around the Chamber of Secrets whereas in the book, Harry's fight against the Basilisk occurs quickly and neatly. In the book, Harry never climbs up the statue nor does he go into the statue.
- In the book, the statue at the end of the Chamber of Secrets is a full body statue of Salazar Slytherin, while in the film it is only a large statue of Slytherin's head and shoulders.
- In the book, after Fawkes had punctured the Basilisk's eyes, Riddle stated that it can still smell Harry. In the film, Riddle stated that it can hear him.
- In the book, Fawkes uses his tears to heal Harry while Riddle is still alive, but in the film Fawkes does not use his tears to heal Harry until after Riddle's destruction, as such Ginny wakes up and sees the dying Harry.
- In the book, in the Chamber of Secrets, Harry puts on the Sorting Hat and shouts at it for help. The sword then comes out and hits him on the head, nearly knocking him out. In the film, the sword just all of a sudden materialises in the hat when it's just lying on the ground, and Harry takes it.
- In the book, pillars hold up the ceiling of the Chamber of Secrets. In the film, there is nothing to hold the ceiling up (although two pairs of pillars do appear in the game version; and in the film, there were two lines of giant statues of snakes' heads where the pillars were in the book).
- In the book, Harry Potter only destroyed the diary with the basilisk fang after he was healed by Fawkes. In the film adaptation, Harry destroyed the diary with the fang before he was healed.
- In addition, the book only mentioned that Riddle's memory writhed and then faded away after the diary was destroyed, while in the film, it was shown that Riddle's memory's chest cavity ripped open with light, then destroying his eyes and causing damage to his face, before eventually causing gaping holes throughout his body upon exploding.
- Lastly, Harry Potter only stabbed the diary once in the book, while in the film, he stabbed the diary three times, two being in two different sections of the book, and the last from the outside.
18. Dobby's RewardEdit
- In the book, Harry's conversation with Dumbledore after the defeat of the basilisk is set in McGonagall's office, and Arthur, Molly, and McGonagall are present at the start of the scene. In the film, the scene is set in Dumbledore's office instead, and Arthur, Molly, and McGonagall do not appear.
- In the book, to free Dobby, Harry puts the diary in his sock and had Lucius Malfoy throw it so Dobby would catch it after he removed the diary, but in the film Harry puts his sock in the diary and had Lucius give the diary with the sock to Dobby unknowingly instead.
- In the book, just after Dobby was freed, Malfoy raises his wand threateningly at Harry, before Dobby tells him to leave. In the film, it sounds like Lucius Malfoy starts saying "Avada Kedavra" before Dobby blasts him backwards across the hall.
- In the book, Lucius Malfoy says to Harry, "Someday you'll meet the same sticky end as your parents. They were meddlesome fools too." In the film, he said, "Your parents were meddlesome fools, too. Mark my words, Potter - one day soon, you're going to meet the same, sticky end."
Character OmissionsEdit
- Peeves
- Patrick Delaney-Podmore
- Fat Friar
- Grey Lady (Appears in deleted scene)
- Bloody Baron
- Wailing Widow
- Portly ghost
- Headless Hunt
- Deathday Party ghost attendees
- Cuthbert Binns
- Mr. Borgin (Appears in deleted scene)
- Rolanda Hooch
- Valentine's Dwarves
- Pansy Parkinson
- When Dobby first sees Harry, there is a red flag and an orange flag behind him (Dobby). You can see that the orange flag is missing a thumb tack. When Harry tells Dobby that he's not supposed to be there, the thumb tack is there.
- In Borgin & Burkes, the Hand of Glory is wrapped around Harry's hand. In the next shot, it is wrapped around his wrist.
- In Borgin & Burkes, while Harry is looking at the jar of skulls, there is nothing next to the jar, In the next shot, an iron stand appears out of nowhere.
- When Lockhart is saying "it's 27th week atop the Daily Prophet Bestseller List..." the camera scrolls up to Malfoy. You can clearly see Tom Felton's tape mark marking where he is supposed to place his feet.
- While Harry and Ron are crashing into Platform 9 3/4, Hedwig is obviously just a stuffed owl.
- Right after Harry and Ron crash into the platform, Ron's suitcase has three brown lines. Five shots later, it has two lines.
- After they get beaten up by the Whomping Willow, you can see a hole in Ron's suitcase and it is a perfect circular.
- When Ron takes the Howler out of Errol's beak, the envelope is open. He is then seen opening it.
- The pixies are green-screen so they had to use binder clips to stretch out Neville's ears to make the scene where the pixies drag Neville up and hang him on the chandelier. After the pixies let go, Neville's ears stay stretched.
- When Madam Pomfrey sets the bottle of Skele-Gro down, it is facing the camera but when Harry rubs his mouth after spitting it out, the bottle is facing the other way.
- During the Duelling Club scene when Snape is about to pick Malfoy up, Tom and Alan's tape marks are visible.
- While the car is being attacked by the Whomping Willow, a hand can be seen tipping over Hedwig's cage.
- In the scene where Harry and Ron are about to be attacked by Aragog's family in the dark forest, the (formerly) flying car comes to save them. Harry, Ron, and Fang scramble to get in the car, and Fang gets in first, on the driver's side. A spider runs up to attack Harry, but Harry repels it with a spell. As it is running up to Harry, Fang can be seen entering the car a second time.
- In the Duelling Club scene, after Harry hits Draco with "Rictusempra" and Draco hits the ground, when Snape pulls him up a crew member holding a camera is fully visible in the left corner. Also, a tape marker can be seen under Snape's feet (not seen in the picture).
- When Harry gets bitten by the basilisk, his arm is seen next to the snake tooth. This is to avoid injury. His arm is seen at least 3 inches away from the tooth.
- As Dobby's Bludger pursues Harry, he circles a stand decorated with the Slytherin Banner. It makes sense that Harry stops in the front of the stand, according to the last angle of the camera. The Bludger crashes and makes a hole in the front of the stand, but during the next shot, it shows the hole on the right side of the stand.
- During one of the last scenes of the movie when Harry, Dumbledore and Lucius Malfoy are in Dumbledore's office, the original hair of Jason Issacs, who plays Lucius Malfoy, is visible at the back behind his wig.
- When Hermione and Harry first arrive at Flourish and Blotts, Ginny is facing them, but in the very next shot Ginny is facing the other way.
- Harry gets into trouble for doing magic outside of school, yet Hermione does the repairing spell on Harry's glasses without a problem.
- In one of the very last scenes, when Harry talks to Dumbledore, he says "I couldn't help but notice certain things, certain similarities, between Dumbledore and me." when he actually meant the similarities between Voldemort and him.
Behind the scenesEdit
- An additional scene appears after the end credits, depicting Lockhart's newest book, Who Am I?. This is the only film to have a scene occur after the end credits, if you do not count the next installment's small Nox spell by Harry that turns out the light.
- This is the first film in the series to begin directly with the title. The second is The Order of the Phoenix.
- This is the first film that has no lightning during the title. The second is The Prisoner of Azkaban, the third is The Goblet of Fire, and the last is The Order of the Phoenix.
- This film is the second time a Gryffindor-Slytherin Quidditch match is seen.
- This film is the only time Draco Malfoy is seen playing Quidditch in the films due to Slytherin's matches against Gryffindor being omitted from the third and fifth films. Draco is shown playing Quidditch again in the Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey attraction at the Wizarding World of Harry Potter.
- If you listen closely, when Lucius attempts to curse Harry for freeing Dobby, he starts the "Avada-" portion of the Killing Curse, before being thrown back by Dobby's spell. According to Jason Issacs, he ad-libbed the line as the script never mentioned a specific curse he was supposed to use, so he had to use the first spell that came to his mind.
- When Harry and Ron were hiding under the invisibility cloak in Hagrid's hut, Dumbledore appears to have seen them or at least suspected their presence as he was staring at them directly and he even stayed behind and looked at them and he told them indirectly that "help will always be given at Hogwarts to those who ask for it".
- Before shooting the Basilisk scenes, Director Chris Columbus asked the advice of Steven Spielberg who had directed the Jurassic Park movies. Columbus wondered how best to film the scenes with the Basilisk (using CGI or a real mechanical beast). Spielberg said that the best result comes from combining the two, resulting into shots with a CGI Basilisk (the wide shots) and a mechanical one (for close ups) which Daniel Radcliffe could work with.[2]
- Chris Columbus also shot the scene with Harry climbing onto Salazar Slytherin's head as an homage to North by Northwest, a film by Alfred Hitchcock, in which the main characters climb onto one the heads of the famous Mount Rushmore.[3]
- This film and The Order of the Phoenix are the only two movies in the series to not be nominated for an Academy (Oscar) Award.
- Last film appearance of Richard Harris, who played Professor Dumbledore in the first two Potter films before his death.
Home Video Release DatesEdit
- 03 February, 2003: United Kingdom (VHS/DVD)
- 11 April 2003: United States, Canada (VHS/DVD)
- 11 December 2007: United States (HD DVD/Blu-ray)
- 8 December 2009: United States (DVD/Blu-ray Ultimate Edition)
- 1 June 2011: United States (Blu-ray + DVD + Digital Copy Combo Pack)
- 7 September 2012: Wizard's Collection (Blu-ray + DVD + UltraViolet + "Creating the World of Harry Potter")
Official postersEdit
Concept art (as shown on the DVD)Edit
Flying Ford AngliaEdit
For more Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets videos, check out our gallery.
External linksEdit
See alsoEdit
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (video game)
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (soundtrack)
Notes and referencesEdit
- ↑ http://en.potterish.com/?p=1221
- ↑ The In-Movie Experience on the BluRay DVD of the film.
- ↑ The In Movie-Experience on the BluRay DVD of the film.


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"They charm the females by instrumental music of the most varied kinds"
And thus, Charles Darwin adapted the phrase "Instrumental Music," previously used to mean humans with instruments making music, to name one of the most important "secondary sexual characters … diversified and conspicuous in birds" which, added to "all sorts of combs, wattles, protuberances, horns, air-distended sacs, topknots, naked shafts, plumes and lengthened feathers gracefully springing from all parts of the body" mediate avian sexual selection1.
Bird "instrumental music" is bird song. Bird song is defined in various ways, but I prefer the functional definition used by evolutionary biologists. A bird song is a communication having to do with sexual selection. The modal bird song is made by a male to signal his quality to females who are busy choosing among a number of possible nest mates. That same song may be thought of as a territorial marker, but the territorial nature of bird song is probably more of an atavism than a demonstrated fact. If keeping other males away is a function of song, it is probably a secondary one. The song is better thought of as a quality of the territory and the male, and that quality indicator may well have 'meaning' to both male and female birds.
The modal bird song is a song, but not all 'songs' are song-like, in the sense that we expect song to come out of the 'mouth' (bill) and to consist of modulated air currents (like human voice). Just as human language is not always spoken (it can be signed, for instance, or in some cases, transmitted with a certain look) "bird song" may be generated by beating of feathers, clattering of a bill, or some other noise-making somatic activity.
One of the most spectacular examples of communication among birds that is all about mating but involves no song is the bower and gifts assembled by the male bower bird, where just like in humans, a nice place to hang out, a pile of cool but useless presents, and excellent dancing often leads to a second date.
Drawing of bower birds from Darwin's 1871 volume on sexual selection.
Just as importantly, not all bird sounds are bird songs. One of the (undesirable, in my view) definitions of bird song is that it must be complex. Thus, the cooing sound of a pigeon is not a bird song. But it is, if it is what Male pigeons do in relation to mating and sexual selection. But other sounds, like the hard to localize tsick tsick of nuthatches or chickadees which we may refer to as "contact calls" are not songs. They are modulated air streams coming out of the beak, they are sounds, they may have a role in the percussion section of the "instrumental music" of the avian cacophony, and they may even be social communication at that, but no matter how sexy a nuthatch's tsick tsick may be to a birder who has not seen a nuthatch in a while, it is not going to get the bird a date or even a glance (well, not that kind of glance).
So defined, bird songs are the sounds, often but not always loud and musical, that (mostly) male birds make as part of that species' mating system. This kind of vocalization may have evolved a few different times, though I for one am not going out on a limb to explain what some call "songs" in hummingbirds or parrots. If we think of bird songs as whatever sounds male birds make for mating purposes, then there are far more parallel examples among the birds. If we require that bird songs sound like the sounds that "song birds" make, then, well, this behavior evolved once, in the song birds (duh). Sticking strictly with the usually melodious and mating related form of the behavior, as is found in the Passeriformes is a good bet and allows us to talk about a well studied and understood phenomenon.
These bird songs have two aspects, and I oversimplify but not excessively so: A genetically inherited template, usually specific to the song-producing sex, and a learned song that consists of the template shaped by experience as a developing bird hears the adult version of its own song. The templates can be discovered by raising birds in the absence of adult song, and they often sound very little like the normal final product.
These are sonograms representing the song of four Zebra Finches. The top two are individuals with normal song. The bottom two are the songs of individuals raised in isolation, representing only their "built-in" template unaffected by the experience of hearing normal adults.
In these song birds, we often see dialect differences between regions. If a hatchling is raised in the region in which a dialect other than that of its parents is used, it will develop its genetically determined and undifferentiated template into the dialect used in the area to which it is moved, just like a French infant conceived of French-speaking humans in Paris but raised by Americans in Dallas, Texas will speak English.
The most important thing about this is the following: The parts of the bird song that determine the Darwinian success of a bird … via its ability to find a mate or to do whatever else we find the bird is doing with its song … is not determined mainly or even measurably by the template for that song. It is, rather, determined by its correct learning of the song as it is sung locally by members of its species, plus other non-genetic factors we will not investigate today.
This is important because when we think about evolution, we often (because we are humans, and humans are not all that smart) immediately simplify the world into one in which organisms carry (variant copies of) genes that they (may or may not) pass on to offspring and that determine that organism's behavior. In this simplistic view, anything that varies that is not genetic is noise. But this can not possibly describe bird song. In song birds, the song is learned, and it is learned in a way that is determined entirely by local conditions which clearly change across space from region to region, as a dialect of a widely spoken human language may vary from place to place.
Putting it a slightly different way, the template from which a bird builds its song is passed on genetically, and the song itself is passed on culturally, or if you prefer a different term, "extrasomatically" or "non-genetically" or whatever you like. But not genetically.
This parallel transmission is certainly "Darwinian" and evolutionary in both tracks. A gene that has a mutation causing the protein it expresses to be 'broken' in a way that messes up the bird's template will find itself in a mute male bird and thus not be passed on. A variant of a gene that produces a template that has some sort of advantage might be passed on to more offspring. But the same is true of the song itself. Imagine starting with two sets of Zebra Finch hatchlings. One group is exposed to normal zebra finch song for a given area, the other to a fake bird song that is sufficiently like a zebra finch to cause the birds to learn a "song" but one that would be ineffective in its social role for wild zebra finches. Now, release the finches. Which ones will contribute both their genes and their song to future generations? Unless the fake song you used in this experiment was, accidentally, an extraordinary song, the basis for the next avian idol, the birds in the second group and their 'song' would be evolutionary dead ends. Their genomes would be an evolutionary dead end AND their song would be an evolutionary dead end.
A variant song that is hard to learn, inaudible to other birds, or that causes some sort of inappropriate response or confusion will undergo Darwinian selection just as a variant gene that causes a bird to have an ineffective template will undergo Darwinian selection. Minimally, bird songs are selected to be something a bird can generate and something another bird can hear, against the background of ambient sounds, at the distances at which these birds are communicating, and in the birds' local cultural context.
A recent series of demonstrations has been published of how plastic bird song is, and how the learned part of this parallel process of transmission can be adapted, in a Darwinian sense, just as a population of genes might be adapted, to changing conditions. Birds living in urban environments must sing against different background from their rural counterparts. Urban noise covers over sounds at certain, typical lower, frequencies, and may also drown out other sounds in general. The following studies show that there may be an effect on the bird songs (not the genes) in urban environments:
… bird songs are modified in different ways to deal with urban noise and promote signal transmission through noisy environments. Urban noise is composed of low frequencies, thus the observation that songs have a higher minimum frequency in noisy places suggests this is a way of avoiding noise masking. … we experimentally test if house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) can modulate the minimum frequency of their songs in response to different noise levels. … We conclude that house finches modify their songs in several ways in response to urban noise, thus providing evidence of a short-term acoustic adaptation.2
… We compared the songs of blackbirds, Turdus merula, from the city centre of Vienna and the Vienna Woods and found that forest birds sang at lower frequencies and with longer intervals between songs. This difference in song pitch might reflect an adaptation to urban ambient noise. However, the song divergence could also be the result of more intense vocal interaction in the more densely populated city areas or a side-effect of physiological adaptation to urban habitats. 3
We studied three adjacent dialects of white-crowned sparrow songs over a 30-year time span. Urban noise, which is louder at low frequencies, increased during our study period and therefore should have created a selection pressure for songs with higher frequencies. … We suggest that one mechanism that influences how dialects, and cultural traits in general, are selected and transmitted from one generation to the next is the dialect's ability to be effectively communicated in the local environment.4
I'm fairly certain that if a similarly structured set of findings were presented for humans, there would be many who would jump in and insist that the change is genetic. Humans have fetishized their own genetic evolution to the point that if something is not considered genetic, then it may as well not be considered biological at all. But people who study birds know better. And, it may simply be the case that our feathered friends demonstrate parallel evolution more clearly than do humans, in part because the learning of song is accompanied by overtly visible neurological changes in the birds, while learning, when it happens in humans, does not. In any event, the songs of song birds focused Darwin's writing about the evolution of humans "and selection in relation to sex" in 1871, and it tends to focus our thinking these days about the evolution of language and other cognitive facilities in humans.
So next time you hear a human blathering on about the genetics of human behavior, ask them to listen for a minute to the birds chattering outside. Ask if he thinks bird song is a genetically determined behavior. And use that special look you've surely developed by now indicating that this is a trick question. One raised eyebrow can be worth a thousand tweets!
1Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. Volume 2. 1st edition. The quoted parts are from page 414. Online here.
2Bermudez-Cuamatzin, E., Rios-Chelen, A., Gil, D., & Garcia, C. (2010). Experimental evidence for real-time song frequency shift in response to urban noise in a passerine bird Biology Letters, 7 (1), 36-38 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0437
3Nemeth, Erwin and Henrik Brumm. 2009. Blackbirds sing higher-pitched songs in cities: adaptation to habitat acoustics or side-effect of urbanization? Animal Behaviour
Volume 78, Issue 3, September 2009, Pages 637-641.
4Luther, David and Luis Baptista. 2009. Urban noise and the cultural evolution of bird songs. Proc Biol Sci. 2010 February 7; 277(1680): 469–473.
The image of the sonograms is from Lipkind, Dina and Tchernichovski, Ofer. 2011. Quantification of developmental birdsong learning from the subsyllabic scale to cultural evolution. Published online before print March 21, 2011, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1012941108 PNAS March 21, 2011.
Maybe whales do the same thing? In which case they're learning to sing around propeller noise.
I think one of the most interesting – and basic – points to take away from this is that it is not just genes that respond to selection pressure, but other "non-gene" things as well. Birdsong is one thing, and (I think) memes in humans is another.
Could an evolutionary parallel be drawn between the "overt neurological changes" exhibited by adapting birdsong and human dialects – a southern drawl or a southie accent – within a common language? Or is that too simple a comparison?
Excellent start, Greg! One thing, though: Do you have any citations to studies indicating the 'atavistic' nature of territorial singing?
Great story. So if I understand correctly, the birdsong is a meme undergoing Darwinian selection.
I also noted point about selection being for the ability to sing the (presumably established) local variant correctly. Interesting contrast to the song of humpback whales, which changes over a season, with an apparent premium on novelty.
This is true, Greg; but then eagles don't sing to attract mates either. I was thinking more along the lines of passerines, which have songs that are distinct from their various callnotes.
We had some Zebra Finches who were fostered by a Society Finch. Remarkably, corruption of song was a nice birth control method, because the girls did not dig that Society influence at all. I did not upload the follow-up sonogram, but nearly a year later, the fostered Zebra Finch lost some of the trilling Society-like features from his song.
By the way, for those who have not heard it yet, there is an awesome archive of Zebra Finch songs (click on Family Tree).
Greg, have there been any studies where they have taken (for instance) a starling from the west coast, either to the east coast or to England to see if its language has changed enough over the years of separation to affect its ability to attract a mate?
Are there female birds that sing?
Female birds that sing are mostly found in the arid subtropical deserts and semi-deserts of Australia and Africa. In fact, in these regions of exceedingly infertile soils and unpredictable food availability the vast majority of female birds sing just as males do. This is because both sexes must be brought into breeding condition by song when adequate rains fall and food exists, and because many species need large numbers of beaks to fledge even a single chick (obligate cooperative breeding) which creates communal song to defend against threats. (Interestingly, human music originated in a manner similar to such birds as butcherbirds, fairywrens and sparrow-weavers).
Whilst some "rabid feminists" seem by the fact that only male birds sing in the Enriched World where strong and reliable seasonality makes study vastly easier, if one considers a few basic facts it makes sense that complex song in these young, fertile environments should disappear from females.
Pair-bonding is very short in the highly seasonal climates of Eurasia, North America, extratropical South America and New Zealand. The superabundant spring food supply means one adult can feed young – whereas up to five may be required for possible success in Australia and Southern Africa! As a result, males can compete much more intensely for females than when the care of many of them is essential for breeding success. Also, female singing in the Enriched World may be disfavoured by low sound attenuation and high densities of mammalian predators, which means females are more vulnerable than in low-fertility Australia and Africa.
There are females that sing, and there are birds that do duets between males and females. That would be a good future blog post.
Gwen, I don' know of that exact experiment. It would have to be done in the lab to avoid violating multiple state and federal laws against transport of wildlife. But it would be interesting.
@gwen, there was some study of White-Crowned Sparrows sampled from different "neighbourhoods" of Marin County in Northern California. There was another in which it was demonstrated that those who sang a foreign dialect were less successful than the native-singers at attracting mates. Even some, who live on the border between two neighbourhoods, are "bi-canticular."
@claudia, above-mentioned is one such species of songbird of which females can sing, but let us stay tuned for future post!
@Greg Laden, I think that European Starlings are exempted from many wildlife laws (at least, they are not protected under MBTA).
Thanks Sara!
Sara, good examples. Regarding moving the birds: It's not about protection of the birds but rather about moving animals. In Minnesota, unless you are a) carrying a permit or b) under 13 years old (strangely enough) you can't move a wild animal anywhere. If you are a kid you can capture wild animals and keep them in your house (this is mean to cover snails and little fish, frogs, etc) though there are lots of protected animals, protected even from 11 year olds. I don't think it is legal, or safe, to move a bird across the country, ever, unless you are the feds. You might do the bird equivalent of what those guys who moved an Arizona-caught raccoon to Arkansas a few year back, starting one of the more impressive rabies epidemics (among raccoon) ever!
Lots and lots of experiments have done testing the reaction one gets when messing with the bird song, including dialect differences, just not at that scale of space that I know of. The article that is mentioned at the very end of the post (where the sonogram comes from) reviews a lot of that research.
I can see how moving birds across the country could introduce a zoodemic(sp?). Here is an article about these risks: http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/004/X2096E/X2096E01.htm I suppose recorded bird calls might give some hint of how successful they might be in attracting females of the species. I love how some urban birds have incorporated common urban sounds into their courting repertoire. I saw one bird (on youtube) alternate between a leafblower and car alarm horn. Another example of how we are impacting the wildlife around us. I hope it helped his cause.
I heard he had a great time with the leaf blower but the car alarm horn was actually seeing someone else and there was a big scene.
LOL! That will teach me to write more precisely!
a note -hmm- on birds responding to other sounds. Just for fun here's one for you. Aside from learning and call and answer with crows and their wide vocabulary; I also play a variety of flutes.
Cardinals will respond to my flute – more that a few times – a cardinal will sing a string of notes; I repeat these on the flute – the cardinal will sing back and add a note – I have done this for close to; my guess half an hour at a time. The cardinal usually wins; that is; I can't remember all the notes; and if I mess one up; the cardinal will go back to the 'tune' that we started with.
Great post. I remember reading a while back about the plasticity of birdsong and of the neural circuitry of birds. I was really surprised that new neurons are formed in these birds during adulthood as they learn their songs. Do you know if the birds that are raised in captivity and "taught" incorrect songs are able to correctly learn their song if they are later exposed to it as adults?
Yes, in at least some song birds, the seasonal learning is essentially independent. After a year of suffering through the mad scientist's messing with your head, you can go back to learning the normal song if they didn't take your brain out or anything like that.
What's really cool about this is (at least in my opinion, this is not verified to my knowledge): birds actually grow brain tissue to do all this singing, then resorb it later. This makes sense since neurons are very costly tissue, and birds live, in a sense, on the edge of their energetic budgets, more so than many other vertebrates.
@Greg Laden, I know that a professor on my campus who works with live Starlings is not required to possess a Scientific Collection Permit, but he does not transport them. Meanwhile, I must have a scientific collection permit for feathers but only of migratory birds. Also, some people keep Starlings as pets. If some such Starling custodian moves from one state to another, even if this is violation of Lacey Act (or something else), I do not know how it would be overseen (although, risk of disease propagation is low if the bird does not escape). I agree that precautions should be taken but have little faith that even the feds could pull it off :/ Nevertheless, I do not think that the extra-laboratorial experiment is worth the risk.
Is the age limit of the Minnesota law intended as a permission for children to play with frogs and catch fireflies?
@Eriana, I had similar experiences with Northern Cardinals while practicing outside on flute. And there is an occasional whistle-war with Mockingbirds (I always lose!).
© 2013 10,000 Birds. All words, images, and opinions are the property of their respective authors unless stated otherwise.


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COLUMBIA - On the first day of their special session, state senators gave a final vote to the controversial its Arizona-inspired illegal-immigration bill.
The bill, S. 20, would require people who were arrested to prove their legal immigration status to law enforcement if an officer suspects they are here illegally.
Bill sponsor Sen. Larry Grooms, R-Berkeley, Tweeted Tuesday evening that he expects the House to concur with the amendments and send it to the governor's desk within days.
On Tuesday Republicans defeated some Democratic amendments, including proposals that would have exempted small employers with nine or few workers and medium-sized businesses with 24 or fewer from complying with the S.C. Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation's requirement that they confirm the legal status of employees. Democrats argued that small companies could lack the wherewithal to confirm workers' status, and Sen. Gerald Malloy, D-Darlington, said already small employers are exempt from workers' compensation requirements.
But Senate President Pro Tempore Glenn McConnell, R-Charleston, warned the Democrats' proposals would create a "sanctuary law." And other Republicans argued that it is the small employers who typically skirt immigration laws.
Another amendment by Sen. Brad Hutto, D-Orangeburg, which would have given officials and businesses more time to adjust to the changes, was defeated 22-18, largely along party lines.
The bill under discussion would create a new law enforcement unit, but how to pay for the estimated $1.3 million upfront and $692,000 recurring annual expenses remains in question. It was originally provided by creating a new overseas wire-transfer fee. But lawmakers stripped the section, leaving the current version without a funding source to power the Department of Public Safety's new Illegal Immigration Enforcement Unit.
Democrats and civil rights advocates have fought the bill since last year, charging that it would encourage police to profile Hispanics.


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Elegant. Feminine. Romantic.
With its delicate look, this bracelet adds a very feminine touch to your outfit. It has a lacy motif which gives a suple feel and a romantic look.
It measures approximatelly 3/4 in (1.9 cm) width and 7 3/4 in (20 cm) length and it weights 28.5 gr (0.96 oz).
This beautiful bracelet is hand crafted in Beypazari,a small town near the capital of Turkey, Ankara. Beypazari is famous for its remarkable and distinguished silver craftmanship schools that dates back from the old times of the Ottoman empire. The secrets of this craftmanship is passed from father to son for centuries.
You can order this bracelet here (from etsy.com) for USD 89.99.
Sterling silver chainmaille mesh lace cuff bracelet wide lacy motif, chain maille sterling silver wide cuff bracelet, byzantine design sterling silver lace cuff


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Lil Kim "The Queen B" Disses Remy Ma! Calls Her A Man! Speaks On Scott Storch Rumors! & Method Man Join In! Shade 45 Whoo Kid Radio Part 1 {Video Working}
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Following a goalless draw in their Group A opener against South Africa, Cape Verde impressed once more and Luis Platini went down in their history books with a landmark goal after 35 minutes.
They continued to boss the game but a defensive lapse allowed Morocco to level in the 78th minute and they spent much of the final 10 minutes on the backfoot as they fought to preserve a point.
There was a taste of things to come inside the opening minutes when Julio Tavares got on the end of a dangerous free-kick to force Nadir Lamyaghri into an early save.
That was the cue for virtually one-way traffic throughout the opening 45 minutes, with Morocco mustering just two shots, neither of which troubled Josimar Vozinha.
Instead, Lamyaghri was the goalkeeper being kept busy as Tavares bullied the Morocco defence. He threatened again after winning possession 40 yards from goal but then running through the defence before pulling a shot just wide.
Ryan Mendes then brought a good save out of the goalkeeper with a low free-kick that looked to take the slightest deflection off the wall.
Platini volleyed wide and then brought another good save from the goalkeeper as the pressure mounted. The goal came in the 35th minute as Mendes split the defence with a through ball and Platini raced on to chip it over Lamyaghri.
Cape Verde remained the better side in the second half, with Neves Nando heading over from Fernando Varela's cross while Tavares continued to make a nuisance of himself.
But just when it looked like Morocco had run out of ideas, they levelled 12 minutes from time.
It looked all too easy from Cape Verde's point of view with Abdelaziz Barrada allowed room on the right to pull the ball back to the completely unmarked Youssef El Arabi to rifle home from the penalty spot.
Cape Verde almost responded moments later when Heldon ran on to a throughball but he did not make proper contact on his shot as the goalkeeper gathered.
But Morocco had found the spark they lacked, and El Arabi headed narrowly wide from a corner but Kamel Chafni sent a long-range effort desperately close after good work from Chahir Belghazouani won a corner.


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Tired of filling out one tedious web form after another, and wondering how to get Safari on iPhone and iPad to automatically fill them out for you? Luckily, deep within the settings of Safari there is a way to setup AutoFill, something which allows you to automatically input your personal data on sites that permit its use.
- If you haven't already, create a contact for yourself in the Contacts app.
- Open up the Contacts app
- Select the plus sign in the top right corner
- Add in your personal information
- Hit Done
- Open up your settings app
- Tap on Safari
- Tap on AutoFill
- Toggle "Use Contact Info" to on
- Tap on My Info and select the contact you just created or the one you already had
- Now when you visit a site that needs your information, as soon as you select the first text box your keyboard will pop up and there will be an option called AutoFill
- Tap on AutoFill and Bob's your Uncle, all your details will be automatically filled in for you
Daily Tips range from beginner-level 101 to advanced-level ninjary. If you already know this tip, keep the link handy as a quick way to help a friend. If you have a tip of your own you'd like to suggest, add them to the comments or send them in to email@example.com.


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Discount Online Pet Supplies With Free Delivery
Often the most awkward part of the weekly shop for the family is the bulk items for the cats and dogs. The cat grit, the big bag of dog food, the three kilo bag of cat grit, pet toys, bones, cans of dog foods, packets of cat food and sawdust for the rabbit. It goes on and on.
At PETZ we have sourced local pet shops and online pet shops who offer discount online pet supplies and promotions to bring down the cost of your weekly pet shopping and ensure you stay as a regular customer. When an online pet shop is small or local they can often offer free delivery too.
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If you're a zoo, then you will probably need more than a car boot full of animal feed and accessories to get you through a day let alone a week. There are specialist trade and wholesale online pet supplies shops for zoos, animal sanctuarys and other animal welfare businesses.
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- Milton Brasher-Cunningham
- Donna Denizé
Great Expectations
- Dirk Detlefsen
Harry Potter & the Sorcerer's Stone
- Sharon Madison
- Pauline Moller
Bridge to Terabithia
- Frazier O'Leary
A Lesson Before Dying
Song of Solomon
- Ashby Reid
Flowers for Algernon
- Diana Russell
To Kill a Mockingbird
- Betty Williams
Things Fall Apart
In Search of the Novel:Teachers & Lesson Plans
Ashby Reid
Ashby Reid completed her first year of teaching in June 1999. A graduate of the College of William and Mary (B.A. 1994) and George Washington University (M.A. 1998), Ms. Reid teaches middle school English in Arlington, Virginia. She was nominated by Arlington to receive the Sallie Mae First Class Teacher Award. At the 1999 NCTE convention she presented Orchestrating Mutiny in the Classroom: Classroom Teachers Discuss Their Own Experiences in Giving Up the Ship.
Lesson Plan for Flowers for Algernon
To help set the stage for reading.
- Class discussion: Ask students to think what it might be like to be able to become more popular; what changes they might have to undergo in order to become more popular (better-looking, more athletic, more intelligent); and what would it be like to have an operation that would effect such a change.
- Class activity: Construct a maze (either for a small animal or for students to trace with their fingers) and conduct time trials.
- Class activity: Introduce the concept of Rorschach tests and ask students (working in pairs) to construct a sample.
Lesson Plan 2
To help students to synthesize their knowledge of the novel by carefully examining the text and creating a visual representation.
- Body Biography
Materials required for students: the novel, a roll of butcher paper, scissors, magazines, and markers. The teacher may also need a sample body biography."
- Working in pairs or small groups, each draws a full-size outline of Charlie on the butcher paper and cuts it out. By printing quotations from the novel and taping clipped pictures from the magazines onto the bodies of Charlie, students are to show the two Charlies, before the operation and after.
- With the body biographies taped to the
wall as visuals, each group presents to the class its understanding
of Charlie and invites questions and discussion.
Note: This project takes two to three days and is useful as a culminating activity.


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By JeeYeon Park, CNBC.com
Stocks gave up all of the day's earlier gains Tuesday to close lower for a fifth straight session, after Fed chairman Ben Bernanke acknowledged the economic slowdown, but didn't imply any further monetary stimulus ahead.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average declined 19.15 points, or 0.16 percent to finish at 12070.81, cutting all of the session's gains. Cisco was among the blue-chip laggards.
The S&P 500 fell 1.23 points, or 0.10 percent, to end at 1284.94.
The tech-heavy Nasdaq slipped 1 point, or 0.04 percent, to close at 2701.56.
The CBOE Volatility Index, widely considered the best gauge of fear in the market, fell below 18.
Among key S&P sectors health care and materials gained, while techs slipped. Financials, which had been trading higher for most of the day, turned lower immediately after Bernanke's speech started.
At a banking conference in Atlanta, Bernanke said the economy is in a slowdown, but offered no suggestion the central bank is considering further stimulus.
"U.S. economic growth so far this year looks to have been somewhat slower than expected," said Bernanke. "A number of indicators also suggest some loss in momentum in labor markets in recent weeks."
"I'm not surprised," Data Saporta, economist at Credit Suisse told Reuters. "They see the slow patch as being transitory. It gives them a chance to revisit their central tendency forecasts later this month...it seems to me they are not panicking with the recent slow patch in data. They expect to see things picking up in the second half."
Earlier, Richard Fisher said the Fed is not holding back the economy and that there is no need to continue the easy monetary policy.
"The question is who steps on the pedal to accelerate the car—It's out of our hands right now," the Dallas Fed President told CNBC.
Meanwhile, Atlanta Fed President Dennis Lockhart said the economic rebound remains disappointingly erratic and hinted that the central bank may be considering further stimulus.
Banks turned lower following Bernanke's speech with Bank of America and Wells Fargo down almost 2 percent each.
Regions Financial said it will repurchase $1 billion in credit card accounts from Bank of America's credit card subsidiary, with the deal expected to close during the second quarter.
Morgan Stanley said it may cut the number of brokers in its wealth management division. The announcement follows a layoff of about 300 brokers in the previous quarter.
Oil gained amid expectations that OPEC will increase its production quota for the first time in 2-1/2 years this week, although the amount is still under discussion. London Brent crude gained $2.30 to settle at $116.78 a barrel, while U.S. light, sweet crude rose 8 cents to settle at $99.09.
Meanwhile, oil drillers including Halliburton and Baker Hughes advanced following a forecast from Dahlman Rose & Co stating that global spending on oil and gas exploration and production may grow 14 percent in 2011.
The dollar declined to a one-month low against a basket of currencies after a Chinese official said the greenback would continue to weaken versus other major currencies. But gold failed to decline on the heels of a weaker dollar, slipping $3.20 to settle at $1,544 an ounce.
Material stocks showed strength with Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton gaining.
General Motors said May vehicle sales in China slipped for the second consecutive month amid a slowdown in the world's largest market. Meanwhile, Ford CEO Allan Mulally is expected to tell investors the automaker plans to increase sales by 50 percent over the next four years.
General Electric and Capital One have submitted bids for ING's U.S. online banking operations in a deal worth about $9 billion, Bloomberg reported.
Meanwhile, Disney announced it will cut around 200 jobs at its movie studio as it reduces its focus on home entertainment distribution of DVDs.
International Paper launched a $3.3 billion unsolicited offer for rival Temple-Inland as it dug in for what could be a prolonged battle to dominate North America's corrugated packaging business. Temple-Inland shares skyrocketed more than 40 percent. The bid helped lift other paper companies, including Weyerhaeuser.
On the tech front, Intel gained after a Citigroup research note speculated that the Dow component may enter into a deal with Apple to produce semiconductors that power devices such as the popular iPhone and iPad.
Research In Motion slipped after Morgan Keegan cut the BlackBerry maker's rating to "market perform" from "outperform." Sprint also declined after Stifel Nicolaus cut the telecom firm's rating to "sell" from "hold."
Sony unveiled its new PlayStation Vita handheld games device, but critics said the price of the gadget was too expensive.
On the earnings front, PepBoys plunged over 15 percent after the car service chain, reported results that missed estimates, due to bad weather and higher gas prices that constrained consumer spending.
And Talbots tanked almost 40 percent after the women's clothing retailer warned its revenue would fall for a fifth straight quarter.
Treasury prices added to earlier losses after the government auctioned $32 billion in 3-year notes, which had a high yield of 0.765 percent and a bid-to-cover of 3.28. Auctions of 10-year notes and 30-year bonds are expected Wednesday and Thursday, respectively.
On the economic front, U.S. consumer credit outstanding jumped by $6.25 billion during April after a downwardly revised $4.82 billion rise in March, reflecting a gain in student and car loans.
European shares finished flat after a four-session slide, amid growth concerns and as the euro zone peripheral debt crisis continue to weigh on sentiment.
The IMF is open to delaying Greece's repayment of its international loans but believes a major restructuring of its debt would create serious problems in the euro zone, according to an official.


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Idioms & Will Ferrell: Figurative Language Master
Having trouble with idioms? Check out the free English Idioms Illustrated app for iPhone, iPad or iPod touch. The app, gives the user an illustrated example of an idiom with background and an explanation for what the idiom means. If you want your students to practice using idioms, check out this great example of an idioms handout from the blog ReadLearnTeachLife. For the assignment, students illustrate an idiom, then use it in a sentence to show they know how to use it.
Figurative language can also sometimes be a challenge for students. Help them out with this YouTube video: Will Ferrell and Figurative Language. The video is a bit lengthy and may be more appropriate for older viewers; however younger students may appreciate it in smaller doses:)
Identifying Figurative Language
Need a book to review identifying simile, metaphor, hyperbole, idiom, or onomatopoeia? Check out Skippyjon Jones Cirque de Ole by Judy Schachner. You'll get an added bonus of alliteration in this one as well. With phrases like "They raced like rabbits" , "tiny Trembling Tower of Power", "low dog on the totem pole" and "speed of a spitball" and words like "Thwapppppp!" This is sure to a book that pleases all ages. (My personal favorite is the Hans and Franz shout out "We will PUMP YOU UP.")
Where the Mountain Meets the Moon - Meeting all your figurative language needs!
My brother and niece have been bugging me to read Grace Lin's Where the Mountain Meets the Moon. I finally picked up the audio this week, and it is FANTSASTIC. The imagery, use of figurative language and the folktales make this a Common Core winner. It would easily make for an engaging read aloud in 2nd or 3rd grade and an awesome novel study in 4th or 5th. Did I mention it's a Newbery Honor book? Come check it out!


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Car Forums / Kia / Kia Soul
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Kia Soul
jbjtkbw00 Posts: 66That's because everyone is over at KiaSoulForums or SoulHamster talking about their cars.0
Kirstie_H Posts: 11,077A reporter is interested in talking with a recent and first-time owner of a Kia. If you are interested in commenting on your experience, please reply to [email protected] no later than noon on November 10, 2010, and include your city and state of residence, the model year of your vehicle.
Need help navigating? [email protected] - or send a private message by clicking on my name.
Share your vehicle reviews0
surprised this has not been added to the forum, as this info has now been available since the NY auto show back in late April when the new facelifted model was announced.
So if you are still not aware of it here's the details, the major changes are all new 6 speed transmissions and different engines.
This will give you full current details and lots of photographs, full specs and prices have yet to be announced. This is all US info only.
joeyrab Posts: 65In "99" they weren't just fighting an image problem, they were fighting a quality problem. Hyundai/Kia has come a long way no doubt about it, but a they are no Toyota or Honda that's for sure. 2011 Consumer Guide still puts Toyota as the most reliable auto out there. Honda does well...even Subaru is doing better. Hyundai/Kia is still middle of the road, ALTHOUGH, their vehicle look great, have lots of options, and cost a few pennies less.0
iluvmysephia1 Alamogordo, NMPosts: 7,615still means barf-bag boring. Period. I could care less if they toasted your toast in the morning for you, too. They're appliances, I'm so glad I bought my '99 Kia Sephia and my '01 Sportage 4X4.
Kia builds automobiles. Toyota builds appliances. Kia drivers care about how their cars look and about how they perform. Toyota buyers just care about their car's resale value. Get a solid grip and become a car nut like me. Not a car buyer.
That's the difference. There's Kia Sephia clubs all over South Korea. If I owned a Toyota Corolla I'd just join a quilting club and sit around and talk about the grass popping up and Aunt Tilda's dress needing hemming. Boring.
Appliances for the masses. At Toyota we do them for a living.
2011 Kia Soul Sport 5-speed0
importkia Posts: 2I am a US citizen living in Canada. I bought a 2010 Kia Soul from a dealer new about one year ago while living in Canada. I am now moving, next week or so, back to the US and am struggling to make sure I can drive the car into Canada and "import" it to stay with me in my new residence in the US.
Kia provided a letter stating the car complies with all US EPA standards, but will not provide a letter of conformance or compliance in regards to US safety standards. Nobody can seem to tell me what is non-conforming or what modifications would be required (if any) to make it conform.0
check this out, there is various links, US customs needs to inform you of these regulations.
We're senior citizens; we loved the soul and were ready to buy. What stopped us? The funky colors available. How about white? White is the only color we would own here in Phoenix. The funky red trim on the Soul+ - ech! What about a camel interior? What about color combinations that appeal to older drivers who have the money to buy. Targeting a youth audience may have worked years ago but not in this economy. Kia needs to target a broader audience.0
just released today (June 29th)
Soul - base, + (plus), ! (exclaim)
Multi-reflector headlamps (base, +)
Projection headlamps w/ LED daytime running lights (!)
LED tail lamps (!)
Revised 18" alloy wheels
Tire width increased from 225/45R18 to 235/45R18
Revised 16" alloy wheels
Revised 15" wheel covers
Revised front fog lights (+ w/ power sunroof w/ fog lights, !)
Rear camera display (+ w/ Audio Upgrade Package; standard on !)
Side mirrors w/ turn signal indicators (+, !)
Revised hood, front and rear fascias
Added Moss to list of exterior colors
Revised center stack and gear shift design
UVO system w/ HD Radio UVO in-car hands-free entertainment and communication system package (+ w/ Audio Upgrade Package; standard on !)
Available Navigation system with SiruisXM Traffic™ (! w/ Premium Package)
Available Infinity Audio System (+ w/ Audio Upgrade Package; standard on !)
Telescoping steering wheel
Auto on/off headlamps (+ w/ Audio Upgrade Package; standard on !)
Two-stage heated front seats (vs. previous one-stage) (! w/ Premium Package)
Illuminated sun visor vanity mirrors (+)
Illuminated glove box
Revised speaker lamp illumination (+ w/ Audio Upgrade Package; standard on !)
Tire mobility kit
Revised interior cloth (+)
1.6-liter four-cylinder GDI engine (base)
2.0-liter four-cylinder MPI engine (+, !)
6-speed automatic transmission (vs. previous 4-speed) (optional on base, +; standard on !)
6-speed manual transmission (vs. previous 5-speed)
Electric power steering (vs. hydraulic)
Active eco system (applies to A/T)
Vehicle Stability Management (VSM)
Hill-start Assist Control (HAC)
Eco Package (A/T only) w/ Idle Stop and Go (ISG) (optional on A/T base, +)0
White is available as an exterior colour. The 2012 models are coming out in a few months, so maybe something might appeal to you then. Did you see the interior finish on the 2012 Soul they had on display at the NY auto show? If not check out these photos at:
I like the beige and black interior on the Soul 4u Retro (Canadian model). I'm a senior citizen too.0
mrcellus Posts: 52Great news thanks C.0
netranger4 Posts: 149Ben70, there is a white Soul available. A longtime acquaintance of mine is the local Kia dealer and has at this writing several white cars along with the youth oriented colors to choose from.
To be honest, I didn't check the interiors as I was there on an errand. Hopefully the '12's will offer some more subdued color schemes.0
Rear camera display (+ w/ Audio Upgrade Package (A/T only);
standard on !)
UVO system w/ HD Radio UVO in-car hands-free entertainment and communication system package (+ w/ Audio Upgrade Package (A/T only); standard on !)
Available Infinity Audio System (+ w/ Audio Upgrade Package (A/T only); standard on !)
Auto on/off headlamps (+ w/ Audio Upgrade Package (A/T only);
standard on !)
Revised speaker lamp illumination (+ w/ Audio Upgrade Package (A/T only); standard on !)0
2012 Changes:
1.6L GDI Engine and 2.0L Nu Engine added
Standard 6 Speed Manual Transmission and available 6 Speed Automatic Transmission
Exterior Enhancements
Front / rear bumper design changed
2-bulb headlamp changed to 4-bulb plus available projection feature
Rear lamp design changed and available LED rear tail lamps added
New optional 18" Alloy wheels
Interior Enhancements
New optional 7-inch navigation
New optional UVO infotainment
New optional Supervision cluster
New upper floor console and new 6-speed gear shift knob
Available "Idle Stop-and-Go" Technology
Standard Hill Assist Control (HAC) and Vehicle Stability Management (VSM)
Three new colours added – Misty Green, Olive Green and Saddle Brown
Three colours removed – Java Brown, Orange, Blue Stone
New "Patterned" style cloth interior replaces Houndstooth design
Specifications and trims have been modified0
I have features specs on the Canadian Soul, any questions just fire away.0
vt2862 Posts: 1Do you know when they will be in the showroom in Canada vs USA?0
I would estimate some time in September for Canada, probably similar for the US too.0
here's a one page summary of the 2012 Soul for the Canadian market. Prices have not yet been announced.
according to Kia Canada the 2012 Soul should be arriving in showrooms late October.0
Lets hope Kia releases the 2012 Soul soon. We've been spending small fortune to keep our Honda Odyssey on the road. Let's hope that the 2012 Soul is available before the flaky brakes on the Odyssey kill us!0
1.6L AT & a/c - $18,995
2.0L 2u MT - $18,995
2.0L 2u AT - $20,195
2.0L 4u MT - $20,495
2.0L 4u AT - $22,695
2.0L 4u Retro AT - $23,495
2.0L 4u Burner AT - $24,195
2.0L 4u Luxury AT - $25,3950
here is the one page summary I posted earlier only this time all the MSRP for each model have been added for ease of viewing.
barryk2 Posts: 6Can't read on this site any way to see it in another form?.0
sorry, try this link and then you can enlarge it on that site
Fuel Economy (city/highway):
6-speed 1.6L M/T: 27/35 (CITY +1/HWY +4)
6-speed 1.6L A/T: 27/35 (new for 2012)
6-speed 2.0L M/T: 26/34 (CITY +2/HWY +4)
6-speed 2.0L A/T: 26/34 (CITY +2/HWY +4)0
some limited info on the US Kia Motors site
base price MSRP is $13,900 (up $600 over the 2011 model), no more Sport version
6 various 2012 manuals available for download from KGIS0
base MT - $13,900
base AT - $15,700
! - $19,6000