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The second oldest city in San Diego County, National City has almost 60,000 residents and is close to both Downtown San Diego and the Mexican border. The city is known for its wonderful parks, including the waterfront Pepper Park and the 30-acre Kimball Park. There is a strong military presence in the area because the three-mile port along San Diego Bay is part of Naval Base San Diego, the largest naval base on the West Coast. The median household income in National City is around $38,000.
Commercial-Off/Rtl/Ind, MLS# 180068448
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Commercial-Busop, MLS# 190009642
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Commercial-Lnd/Rn/Grv, MLS# 160027045
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Commercial-Lnd/Rn/Grv, MLS# 180062110
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Commercial-Res Income, MLS# 190002811
Listing provided by Apartment Consultants, Inc.
This information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed. You should rely on this information only to decide whether or not to further investigate a particular property. BEFORE MAKING ANY OTHER DECISION, YOU SHOULD PERSONALLY INVESTIGATE THE FACTS (e.g. square footage and lot size) with the assistance of an appropriate professional. You may use this information only to identify properties you may be interested in investigating further. All uses except for personal, non-commercial use in accordance with the foregoing purpose are prohibited. Redistribution or copying of this information, any photographs or video tours is strictly prohibited. This information is derived from the Internet Data Exchange (IDX) service provided by Sandicor®. Displayed property listings may be held by a brokerage firm other than the broker and/or agent responsible for this display. The information and any photographs and video tours and the compilation from which they are derived is protected by copyright. Compilation © 2019 Sandicor®, Inc.


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subset: commoncrawl


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Our springs for jump/gait training give a "bouncy" walk and are used in combination with Liko LiftPants or Liko MasterVest.
The springs are available in two sizes, short 22 cm (8.8 in) or long 28 cm (11.2 in).
Please contact your Liko representative for further information.
From the very beginning consideration for those for whom we develop our products has been our most important guiding-star. Our concept reflects our vision in our daily activity - always to improve life quality for patients and caregivers globally.
helps you find the right sling
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U.S. Economic Sanctions Through 1996
Description: Since the early 1960s, the United States has imposed a range of economic sanctions on Cuba, the most prominent of which is a comprehensive embargo prohibiting trade with Cuba. This Congressional Research Service report first provides an overview of U.S.-Cuba relations and U.S. policy toward Cuba. It then examines the history and current legislative and executive authorities of the various components of U.S. sanctions against Cuba, including aid, trade, and other restrictions.
Date: November 21, 1996
Creator: Rennack, Dianne E. & Sullivan, Mark P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department


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Width: inches
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Product Design Can Be Customized As Below:
You tell us specifically what you want when ordering and we will create a proof for your approval (or changes).
The proof will be created by a designer and will be in your account for your approval normally within 24 hours on weekdays.
If for some reason we can Not do what you want, and you have not confirmed the order, we will cancel the order and refund 100% of your money in full Gruaranteed.
Measure the full window opening and we recommend adding 4" inches to both the height and width. If more folds in the window curtains are desired add several more inches to the width.
You enter the TOTAL size of window curtain when ordering!
* IMPORANT NOTE: We can only get to the approximate 1 inch in measurements due to our printing process (we can not do half inch etc..) so if you order 30" by 30" curtains they may be 29 to 31" so account for this when ordering.
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Poplin Polyester Fabric is a poly blend and very durable.
Premium MicroSuede is a softer less glossy fabric and also durable (its a step up in image quality and feel).
Your unique design will appear on the front side, back is white.
Each window curtain has a pole loop, approximately 2" wide, at the top, has all edges hemmed for durability, and blocks approximately 50 to 75% of light depending on the design you choose.
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In Spirit and Truth seeks to encourage discussion and deeper consideration of representation issues in the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). It is hoped entries will prompt reflection and dialogue on aspects of expanding representation and supporting full participation in the PCUSA, especially at the assembly and mid council levels.
This blog will occasionally feature content written by one of the fourteen members of the General Assembly Committee on Representation, who are church members, ministers (teaching elders) and ruling elders from across the country, as well as links and articles of particular interest. The ministries of advising, consulting, advocating, promoting inclusion, reviewing and recommending actions are vital to the life of the whole Body of Christ. Committees on Representation and/or their functions exists at all councils above session so from time to time we may highlight activities and insights from sister committees on representation at lower councils throughout the church.
Any views or opinions presented in this blog are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the Presbyterian Church U.S.A. or the General Assembly Committee on Representation.
Author/Facilitator Molly Casteel is an Assistant Stated Clerk and the Manager for Equity and Representation in the Office of the General Assembly. She is a teaching elder (a.k.a. Minister of Word and Sacrament) in the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) and a graduate of Princeton Theological Seminary.
As the horizon of human knowledge expands many traditions and words take on new meanings.
Initially, the Epiphany (gr. epiphaneia - "manifestation") was a festival that was celebrated twelve days after Christmas in order to remember the birth of our Lord, his baptism in the Jordan River and the manifestation of his glory in the celebrations of the wedding at Cana.
When in the fourth century, the Greek Church adopted the Roman date for celebrating Christmas ...


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Why would three old guys, average age 61, spend two weeks birding in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) when they could've gone to Costa Rica or Kenya and seen far more species? That's easy: they want to do something useful, rise to an age-appropriate challenge, and achieve immortality.
I meet my travelling companons in Kinshasa in mid June.
They're veteran Congo birder Dr. David O. Matson of Norfolk, VA; and Martin Bowman of Williamstown, ON, an old birding friend and the brother of famous NHL coach Scotty Bowman.
We spend the next morning at The American School of Kinshasa. A good chunk of TASOK 's forty-two-acre campus remains jungle, and so it's a good place to warm up for forest birding.
Despite reclusive birds, poor light, and few second chances (challenges we will have to contend with throughout the trip) we end up with a respectable 31 species, including a yellowcrested woodpecker.
A few days later we take taxis to Boma, a nine-hour drive to the west. We inch our way through shop-lined streets bustling with poor but colourfullydressed Kinois, and before long we're on the main highway.
As we slow down for the speed bumps in each village, children greet us with cries of "Mundele!" (white man).
Our only birding stop along the way is the world-renowned Kisantu Botanical Gardens.
Right away, we happen on a treetop gathering of large luminescent purple and green birds: splendid glossy starlings. With them are some forest chestnutwinged starlings. The flock disperses, and we begin hearing the morse-code-like calls of tinkerbirds. David searches through the West African bird songs on his I-Pod for a match - definitely speckled tinkerbird - and plays it through the speaker.
The normally shy bird perches in the open and starts singing at its "rival." Soon after, we hear yellow-throated tinkerbird, but the birding peters out quickly, and so we break for lunch.
In Boma, the staging point for our upcoming trip to the Luki Forest (a UNESCO biosphere reserve 20 kilometres to the north), we stay at FACTEB Seminary, where my friend Mabiala Kenzo is rector. Kenzo and I want to find out if FACTEB can increase its revenues by providing logistical support for ecotours, and so this trip is a sort of pilot project.
Meanwhile, we bird the hilly savanna around the campus. David finds a rufous-necked wryneck and Martin a red-cheeked cordon-bleu, neither of which, according to our field guides, is supposed to occur here.
Indeed, the DRC's birds are so poorly known that we stand a good chance of making significant sightings and of achieving "immortality" through a scientific article. We'd have no chance of that in Kenya or Costa Rica.
We spend the next several days conducting the first-ever survey of Luki's birds.
Our crowning achievement comes on our second morning. David stops us on a forested hillside.
"Hear that? Sounds like a thrush."
We remain silent and motionless as he tape-records the song. We then search our field guides for thrushes that might reside here. The most likely seems to be the rare black-eared groundthrush.
"Song unknown," say the guides. Only the call has been recorded.
For the next 15 minutes, David alternates between playing the call and the song he's recorded. Finally, the bird emerges. I get a two-second glimpse, noting the diagnostic parallel black smudges ("ears") below and just behind the eye.
David's recording may be a scientific first, although it will take time for us to get an expert judgment - how do you identify an unknown song? We take a GPS reading and then celebrate with high-fives and a group photo.
We return to Boma and spend the next afternoon as tourists.
Martin and I buy bolts of the colourful patterned cloth with which Congolese women fashion their dazzling outfits, and then we all visit the Stanley Baobab, a massive hollow tree in which the explorer Henry M. Stanley is said to have spent a couple of nights in 1877.
We end our day at the Auberge restaurant, which is built out over the Congo River on pilings. We order shrimp and a round of Primus beer, scan the river for birds, and find Congo martins skimming over the surface.
"Terns!" calls David, pointing to some dainty hovering birds silhouetted against the hulls of anchored freighters. They're either little terns or Damara terns. Neither should be here at this time of year.
The low point of our trip comes at the airport the next morning. The immigration officer discovers a "problem" with our visas: "I won't prevent you from flying to Muanda, but if you could think of me . . . ." He has our passports! Utterly powerless, we pass him an overly generous "thought." Once our anger subsides, we realize that the real culprit is poverty: our official probably rarely gets paid.
Our host in Muanda, Dr. Pierre Mavuemba, is a scientist and conservationist who's recently become a birder. To help him in his ornithological research, I've brought along equipment donations from the Calgary-area and pass them on to him - yet another purpose of our trip. I present him with a telescope with photographic adapter and tripod, a pair of waterproof binoculars, and a set of CDs of African bird songs.
During our five-day stay in Muanda Dr. Pierre takes us to various birding sites in the nearby Parc Marin des Mangroves. Together we develop a preliminary inventory of the park's birdlife.
We visit savanna, forest, and marsh habitats and see a number of article-worthy birds: Wahlberg's eagle, fulvous whistling-duck, spotted thick-knee (one previous record for the coast), and cape glossy starling (third record for the country!).
On our final afternoon we enounter a group of kids returnng from a soccer game.
Their team lost, they say, but only because the other team used a feticheur (witch doctor). Night falls as they leave us, and nightjars (the family to which nighthawks and whippoorwills belong) have already begun to call. We hear black-shouldered nightjar - it sounds like a car alarm going off - and have the thrill of seeing a square-tailed nightjar in flight.
On our last day in the DRC, David takes us to Livingstone Falls, spectacular house-high rapids that would capsize any whitewater raft.
Beyond the rapids on the far shore, about 700 metres away, he spots a shorebird preening and trains the telescope on it.
Even at this distance we can tell from the white stripe on its grey wing that it's a white-headed lapwing. I find an all-black stork. Its head and legs droop as it flies. The only possibility: African openbill. We also see grey pratincole, African pied wagtail, and African darter, the African cousin of the anhinga.
Buoyed by our strong finish, we do our final tally: 200 species, give or take a few - a mere fraction of the 1,141 (the most of any country in Africa) that have been recorded in the DRC.
We really must do something about that.
FOOTNOTE: The editor of Malimbus: Journal of West African Ornithology has just given us the green light for an article.
If You Go
- The Bradt Travel Guide. Democratic Republic Congo is indispensable.
- Contact person for the World Wildlife Foundation site at Luki Forest is Laurent Nsenga (email@example.com or lnsenga $30 per day room and meals, $15 per day for a guide (essential), $40 roundtrip pick-up and drop-off by WWF "taxi" in Boma. You will need to provide a research proposal in French (they'll provide a model; our proposal is available on request from firstname.lastname@example.com)
- Taxi is the best transportation option Boma-Muanda
- Dr. Pierre Mavuemba email@example.com is willing to help set up tours in Muanda
- Muanda-Kinshasa by air is around $200 one way. Baggage limit, incl. carry-on, is 14 kilos.
Surcharge is $1 per kilo In Kinshasa, Chez Tintin, a glorified pop stand, provides a viewpoint overlooking Livingstone Falls. $10 photography fee, and you'll need to buy some food or pop. Ask your hotel's staff about taxis.
- At least one member of your group should speak French fluently


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Orange and Maple Roasted Turkey
1/2 Cup sugar
1/4 Cup salt
10 black peppercorns, whole
1 Medium orange, peeled and juiced
1 Gallon cold water
2 bay leaves
2 Sprigs fresh rosemary
4 Sprigs fresh thyme
2 Medium carrots, peeled, cut into 2-inch pieces
2 Medium white onions, peeled, cut into 2-inch pieces
2 celery ribs, peeled, cut into 2-inch pieces
1 12-pound WHOLE TURKEY, fresh or thawed
Compound Butter
1 Pound unsalted butter, softened
2 Medium oranges, juiced
1-1/2 Teaspoons salt
1/4 Teaspoon pepper
1/2 Cup maple syrup
1 Tablespoon fresh rosemary, chopped
1/2 Tablespoon fresh thyme, chopped
2 Cloves garlic, finely chopped
Combine all ingredients, except turkey, in large pot and simmer over low heat for 1½ hours. Chill brine in ice bath until cold. Place whole turkey into foodservice-safe grade container. Pour chilled brine over top to submerge. Close bag and cover. Marinate for 24 hours in the refrigerator. Remove turkey from brine, drain excess liquid.
Place vegetables and herbs in body cavity and secure.
Combine butter, orange juice, salt, pepper, maple syrup, rosemary, thyme and garlic in a large bowl.
With fingers, slowly massage the compound butter into the skin of the turkey until well absorbed.
Fold wings under the back of the turkey and return legs to the tucked position. Turkey may be cooked in a 325 degree F oven or on a rotisserie.
If roasting in a thermal oven, cook on a rack for approximately 3 hours or until the internal temperature of the turkey reaches 170 degrees F in the breast and 180 degrees F in the thigh.
If cooking by the rotisserie method, thread turkey evenly on the rotisserie-spit fork using a counterweight to achieve an even balance. Place a drip pan in the center of the grill beneath the area where the turkey juices will drip. Cook the turkey over indirect medium heat in a covered rotisserie.
If cooking with charcoal, replenish briquettes with about 15 briquettes every hour, as needed, to maintain medium heat. Cook until the internal temperature of the turkey reaches 170 degrees F in the breast and 180 degrees F in the thigh (about 3 hours).
Allow turkey to rest for about 15 minutes. Remove vegetables and herbs from the cavity prior to carving. Place slices on a platter and garnish with oranges.


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Peanuts, unlike other nuts, are in the legume family. Some of the more commonly recognized legumes include beans, peas, and lentils. Interestingly, licorice root, from the leafy, perennial plant, and jicama, the crispy, sweet, edible root from a native Mexican vine, are also considered legumes.
I decided on Thomas Keller's Green Bean and Potato Salad for my main course, but just had to try incorporating licorice root into a dessert. The colorful salad features haricots verts, fingerling potatoes, toasted walnuts, fresh mission figs, radishes, Iberico ham or prosciutto, shallots, and chives, lightly tossed in sherry vinaigrette. I used some purple potatoes and our favorite red walnuts from Terra Bella Ranch.
|Green Bean and Potato Salad with mission figs and prosciutto
John's 'deviled eggs of the week' were perched on a bed of rice studded with peanuts. He used the method to make Chinese marbled tea eggs, infusing the whites with basil. Unfortunately, the basil color and flavor didn't steep into the whites as much as he would have liked. He flavored the yolks with curry, coconut milk, honey, and cayenne, and then topped the filled eggs with lobster, micro basil, Thai chili rings and peanut sauce. That tiny piece of Thai chili packed quite a punch!
|John's Curry and Lobster Deviled Eggs with Peanut Sauce
|Patrick and John
Carmen found a recipe that took her back to her days in Italy. She remembers the Italians going to the beach with a big pot, small stove, and all the ingredients to make pasta and beans, and they added clams and mussels harvested from the beach.
|Carmen preparing Pasta e fagioli con le cozze
|"When the stars make you drool, just-a like pasta fazool, that's amore"
|Kellee's Marinated Three Bean Salad
For dessert, Carmen adapted this recipe for White Bean Cupcakes, using her own raw vegan icing that tasted like a cross between sorbet and frosting.
Pot de crème is so simple to make, yet it is such an elegant dessert. I love making mini pots de crème in espresso cups, which also makes transport to the park a breeze. Tyler Florence's Mocha Pot de Crème is made with heavy cream, egg yolks, vanilla, coffee beans, espresso, and semi sweet chocolate. I adapted his recipe slightly and infused the cream with licorice root instead of coffee, omitted the espresso, and used milk chocolate rather than semi sweet. However, as with John's attempt to infuse his egg whites with basil, my attempt to infuse the custard with licorice was only mildly successful (licorice root tea has many health benefits, so I can only hope my dessert retained some of those). I boosted the licorice flavor of the dessert by adding a splash of Ouzo, an anise-flavored aperitif, to the whipped cream.
|Pots de crème are baked in a shallow water bath at low heat
|Milk Chocolate Pots de Creme with Ouzo Whipped Cream
|Rich, silky milk chocolate custard
|US Navy Band Southwest performing Michael Bublé's "Home"
Slightly adapted from Thomas Keller's Ad Hoc at Home
1 1/2 pounds thin green beans (haricots verts), stem ends trimmed
1 pound fingerling potatoes
1 sachet (1 bay leaf, 3 thyme sprigs, 10 black peppercorns, 1 smashed garlic clove, wrapped in cheesecloth)
Kosher salt
1 cup walnuts
Fleur de sel or fine sea salt
3 radishes
1/4 cup minced shallots
1 cup Sherry Vinaigrette (2 tablespoons sherry wine vinegar, 2 tablespoons red wine vinegar, 3/4 cup extra virgin olive oil)
Freshly ground black pepper
2 tablespoons minced chives
4 black mission figs, halved
Splash of fresh lemon juice
16 very thin slices of Iberico ham or prosciutto
Extra virgin olive oil
Blanch the green beans in a large pot of boiling, salted water until crisp tender, about 2-3 minutes, using Keller's big pot blanching method, plunge into an ice bath, and drain on rack lined with paper towels.
Cut the potatoes into 1/4-inch slices and discard the end slices. Put the potatoes, sachet, and 2 teaspoons salt in a large saucepan and add enough cold water to cover the potatoes. Bring to a simmer and cook until the potatoes are just tender, about 10 minutes. Drain and spread on a tray to cool. Discard the sachet.
Toast the walnuts on a baking sheet in a 375 F oven for 10 minutes, rotating the pan half way through. Remove from oven, transfer to a plate, and sprinkle with fleur de sel.
Fill a small bowl with ice water. Trim the ends from the radishes and slice the radishes very thin using a mandoline. Transfer the slices to the ice water to keep crisp. Drain and dry before adding to the salad.
To assemble the salad, transfer beans to a large bowl and add the potatoes, shallots and walnuts. Whisk the dressing and spoon it over the salad. Season with salt and pepper, sprinkle with half the chives, and toss well. Arrange about half the salad on a platter. Place half the figs over the salad. Toss the radishes with the remaining salad, and arrange over the first layer of salad. Add the remaining figs, and sprinkle with the remaining chives and a few drops of lemon juice.
Arrange the ham or prosciutto on a small plate and drizzle with olive oil. Serve alongside the salad.
We only have two concerts left in the season. The good news is that the kids have gone back to school and most of the zonies (J & M and S & S excluded) have returned to Arizona. This is what Trapper thinks of Arizona Iced Tea.
Our theme for Sunday is bourbon, which makes me think of the Kentucky Derby, so I hope we can also make it out to our local Del Mar track before the racing season ends.
Once we're through Concert in the Park picnics, I hope to start planning a special dinner party courtesy of Saveur and Plugrá butter. In case you missed the Facebook announcement, the editors of Saveur magazine chose There's a Newf in My Soup as the Plugrá Gourmet Club the month and will be sending us $500 and a special prize pack to help with the party! You gotta love that ;-)
The winning "dinner party" was our first Concert in the Park of this summer season, An Evening in Corsica.
The winning "dinner party" was our first Concert in the Park of this summer season, An Evening in Corsica.


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I wrote a similar sketch for the PIC18F2550 ( a slight modification can adopt it to almost all pic18F2/4 family). the sketch and the instruction can be found over here:https://sites.google.com/site/thehighspark/arduino-pic18f
Hi Soranne!I think you save me! Please tell me that I can program a PIC18F452 or a PIC16F88 (with I prefer) using your project.


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Lujo wrote:... Alpha Centauri (angelic trumpet chorus) is incredible.
Planescape needs no mention, the fact that it wasn't a comercial sucess sayes a lot about mankind -.-'
zeemeerman2 wrote:What about Desktop Dungeons being in a future Humble Bundle (when it's released)?
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text: Hi, Would just like make the forum users aware of various scripts that we have to offer at mfscripts. YetiShare - Professional file hosting script This PHP5 script enables you to setup and manage a professional file hosting website.It comes with a full admin area for managing the site, a modern multi-file upload interface, user registration & members area, premium upgrades via PayPal, easy advert integration, feature rich admin area, multiple external file server support, remote url upload, plugins, download speed restrictions for free users and much more. We also regularly develop updates and plugins for the script. Website = File Hosting Script - YetiShare Demo = Upload Files - File Upload Script Wurlie - Short URL Script * Users can enter a long Url and create a shortened version that redirects to the original. * Users can enter a custom short url id. * IP blacklisting - ban users from either the whole site or just creating urls. * Term blacklisting - ban certain terms or website urls from being used. * Bookmark shortcut to the site - add 'create short url' link to browser for any site. * Bookmark shortcut to Twitter - shorten sites directly to Twitter. * Delayed, top/bottom framed or direct redirects. * Spam protection - Set minimum time between submissions. * Spam protection - Set maximum urls a user can create per day. * Maximum short url uses option. * Expiry date option. * Password set option. * 3 different coloured templates. * Easy Ads - Use the admin interface to easily integrate your banner ads/advert code. * Report abuse pages. * Translation admin tools. * Multiple language support. * Translation debugging tools. * Full admin area: * Easy installation. Website = Short Url Script, Make Money, Powerful PayPerView Plugin - Wurlie Demo = Create short url - Short Url Site Fonts Site Script with 13,000 Bundled Fonts This PHP site script enables you to setup your own full fonts website script already pre-loaded with 13,000 free ttf fonts. Over 13,000 free fonts bundled with the script including all their original licence information. PHP5 driven site with easy setup and configuration. SEO friendly urls for search engines and meta information pre-loaded. Automatic font preview creation. Categorised fonts. Search pages. Ajax rating system for all fonts. Custom preview text option for user. Custom preview text colour option for user. Submit new font option for user and approval via admin. Automatic character map for all fonts. Comments facility on all fonts. Preview font archive contents before downloading including licence information if applicable.We also regularly develop updates and plugins for the script. Website = mfscripts.com/fonts_website_script.html Demo = mfscripts.com/demos/font_site_script/ PHP User Management Script There's 2 options for integration: 1) Basic integration - Navigate your files via the script and select the minimum permission level required. Works with all file types. 2) PHP integration - For advanced integration in PHP . Use the script in your existing site to secure your pages to a specific permission level. Works with PHP files. Features: - Add/Edit unlimited users. - Set expiry dates for users. - Set active dates for users. - Set permission levels. - Create unlimited custom permission levels. - Simple setup of permissions via interface, no coding required. - 5 css templates for the admin area. - Restrict inline content to specific permission levels. - The flexibility to restrict music, videos, documents, any files. - Forgot/Reset password functionality. - Suspend, disable, expire account. - Ajax interface. - Full source code.We also regularly develop updates and plugins for the script. Website = PHP Login Scripts - PHP Login and User Management Scripts Demo = User Login & Management System S3 Backup WHM Script Backup your WHM & cPanel backup archives to Amazons hugely resilient Simple Storage Service (S3). Take advantage of automated off-site WHM backups without the need for additional costly hardware. S3BackupWHM tags onto the end of your existing WHM backup process and securely copies your backed up files to Amazon S3. Website = Securely backup your WHM server to Amazon S3 - S3BackupWHM.com Feel free to ask any questions about the scripts, Kind Regards,


text:
GREENSBORO, N.C. (AP) DeWayne Jackson and Ian Chiles each finish with a double-double, and Anthony Hubbard scored six of the final seven points for Morgan State in a 55-52 victory on Saturday.
Jackson finished with 14 points and 12 rebounds for Morgan State (6-10, 3-2 Mid-Eastern Conference). Chiles also had 14 points along with 10 rebounds.
Hubbard added 10 points for the Bears.
Trailing 52-48, Hubbard made a 3-pointer to bring Morgan State within one point, 52-51, with 2:10 remaining.
After a turnover by the Aggies, Hubbard made a layup with 34 seconds left to give the Bears a 53-52 lead.
Bozeman and Hubbard each made a free throw to put Morgan State ahead by three points. Jeremy Underwood attempted a 3-pointer for the Aggies, but his shot missed with one second left and the Bears held on for the victory.
Adrian Powell finished with 12 points leading North Carolina A&T (9-11, 2-3).


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UCSD School of Law?
>> Saturday, January 30, 2010
The rumors of a merger between ucsd and cal western are not new. This has been talked about literally for decades. The story has surfaced again here.
The University of California San Diego has revived a decades-old plan to establish a law school through a partnership with California Western School of Law.
Discussions are preliminary, but the arrangement could range from a strengthened affiliation between the downtown San Diego private law school and the La Jolla public university to a full merger.
This month, faculty and administrators from both campuses formed a committee to explore the concept. Leaders of the two institutions emphasize that if a UCSD school of law were established it would be self-supporting and not involve any state or UCSD campus funds, at least initially.
The reason that UCSD keeps looking at this is that it is really about increasing its prestige as a national university. Having a law school is another avenue to promote your name and brand. The over top tier UC's also have prestigious law schools. Having a top law school is considered by most as an important factor in your prestige levels. UCSD is on a crusade to make itself not only the top UC but a nationally recognized university on par with the stanford, harvard, yale, mits of the world.
I happen to believe that UCSD would make cal western a very good law school in the near future. UCSD would not allow the school to languish in the lower tiers of the rankings. Any one who believes otherwise is kidding themselves. Look at what UCSD has done with their business program and their other academic programs. They do not do lower tier. So any association between the two is going to see UCSD heavily involved in future faculty decisions. There is no way that Cal Western can refrain from being totally absorbed once they start down this path.
From the perspective of Cal Western, they would see a rapid rise in credibility. simply attaching the UC moniker to your school would be a boost. Even UCI with their new school is not viewed as a terrible school. Cal Western would see improvements in the quality of applicant and the faculty. Not Much would remain of the current school a few years down the road besides the facilities.
The losers in this deal are the current professors, USD, and Thomas Jefferson. UCSD wouldnt settle for having the second best law school in san diego and that would mean USD and cal western would be engaged in a more intense rivalry. currently usd sees itself as the clear top dawg and its position as the best school in sd is one of its important assets in the all important after school job placement. Competition for students and faculty not currently an issue for usd would become one in the future.
The current professors lose because UCSD would look to bring in the best possible people. Focus on research and publication would increase. That is just how uc's and other top law schools work. so those without tenure would not be in a good position if taken over by the uc system.
Cal Western would disappear if merged with UCSD but the students would probably see the value of their degree increased and the quality of the southern california legal market would probably improve if only slightly. after all southern cal has usd, usc, peperdine, loyola, ucla, uci, as well as some others competing for students. Read more...


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Withdrawal & Refund Policy
Students who withdraw from the university by the end of the first week of classes are entitled to a 100 percent refund. Students who withdraw with the written approval of the dean and Office of the Registrar during the second week of the semester receive a 75 percent tuition refund. Students who withdraw during the third week of the semester receive a 50 percent tuition refund. Students who withdraw during the fourth week of the semester receive a 25 percent refund. No refund is given to a student who withdraws after the fourth week. Fees are not transferable or refundable.
Students who drop a course that results in a change in tuition will receive a refund for the dropped course as follows: first week, the student will receive a 100 percent refund; second week, a 75 percent refund; third week, a 50 percent refund; fourth week, a 25 percent refund.
A week is defined as a 7-day cycle starting on the first official day of the semester.
The Office of Student Accounts will invoice students who add a course that results in a change of tuition.
If an undergraduate student drops below full time during the first three weeks of the semester, all university financial aid will be canceled.
Federal government guidelines require the prorated return of Title IV funds through the first 60 percent period of the semester. All federal and state financial aid will be returned in accordance with federal and state guidelines. Students should always meet with the Office of Student Finance before withdrawing.
Leave of Absence
Students who wish to leave the university temporarily should contact the Office of the Registrar for a leave of absence application.
Consequences of Being in Arrears
Students will not be allowed to register for the coming semester unless all balances have been satisfied. In addition, a student is expected to pay for the next semester before entering the residence hall or starting classes. Students who owe money to the university or who are in arrears in repaying student loans will not receive a diploma or transcripts from the university. Should it become necessary to refer an account to a third party due to nonpayment, the student will be responsible for any collection costs, attorney fees, and suit fees.
Please note: If a student has not made arrangements for payment or does not make a promised payment, the meal plan may be put on hold.
Yeshiva University is committed to making undergraduate studies affordable. Student Accounts advisors are always available to discuss any matter with students and family members. Call 212-960-5269 and a member of the Student Accounts staff will be glad to be of assistance.


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Dependable Comfort
Make a splash in our indoor pool
Relax after a day of travel or sightseeing at our indoor pool, or unwind in your room with free high-speed Internet and a 32-inch flat screen TV. In the morning, get going with a free 8-item SuperStart breakfast or a quick workout in our fitness center. Guest laundry facilities are available for your convenience at our pet-friendly hotel.
While You're Here
Check out a famous music studio, learn about local history, or play golf
Visit Rolling Hills Wildlife Adventure near our hotel. Head to Blue Heaven Studios, a beautiful Gothic-style church converted into a recording studio, which has hosted hundreds of musicians. Learn about the agricultural heritage of our Midwestern town at Yesteryear Museum. The museum features antique farming equipment and unique items related to life on the farm. If golf is your game, play the rolling fairways of Salina Municipal Golf Course.
Plan Your Group Travel With Us
Book your wedding party, sports team, or other group travel at our hotel. Submit your request for information about special rates on blocks of rooms.


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Belgotex Carpets – Tuscany
Belgotex Carpets – Tuscany offers a simple sophistication to any room.
It makes sense to approach your flooring decisions by first looking at the function of the specific space you're going to floor. You will be able to narrow down the type of flooring that will go best with that area.
Flooring for home offices and work spaces
Your home office, sewing room or work space needs to be both comfortable and functional. While vinyls (among other hard floorings) are a practical, affordable floor covering choice in these environments, belgotex carpets have several advantages. Its sound absorbing properties reduce the impact of noise such as footsteps, telephone, computers and printers – making for a more relaxing work environment, and minimising disruption to the rest of the household. In frequently used office spaces, consider durable loop-pile or cut-pile belgotex carpets will resist crushing from heavy office furniture and chairs without compromising on comfort, while giving your office an attractive contemporary look. Don't forget you'll need additional protection under castor wheels which can cause severe damage to carpet pile in the long term.
See more areas discussed and tips in our articles section (footer).
Fibre Type: 100% BCF Nylon
Use Classification: Heavy Residential
Fire Index: 2 (SANS 10177 –IV)
Width: 3.66 m
VOC Tested: Pass (GBCSA Criteria)
NOTE: Carpet protector mats are necessary where castor wheels are used
Colour Variation may occur between batches within the required tolerances of the SABS. Please visit our showrooms for more details, carpet selection and for our carpet care guide.


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Baku and Tbilisi discussed issue of investment in the reconstruction of Georgia's highways
Baku and Tbilisi discussed issues of investments in the reconstruction of Georgia's highways in the territory of Georgia, said the head of the Georgian Foreign Minister Mikheil Janelidze.
"Along with the launch this year of the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway, we discussed the issues of roads (reconstructions - IF-Az), infrastructure and investment in them. It is a very important project for us, "- said M.Dzhanelidze in Baku on Monday at a briefing with his Azerbaijan counterpart Elmar Mammadyarov.
According to him, Georgia intends closely cooperate with Azerbaijan in the framework of regional and international projects to improve its economic and transport capabilities.
He added that Baku and Tbilisi are paying special attention to cooperation in the sphere of energy and transport. "We discussed the implementation of the pipeline "Southern Gas Corridor". We continue works in this direction and we intend to increase the capacity of transit" - said M.Dzhanelidze.
Minister of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia, Nodar Javakhishvili, in September, 2016 announced its intention to build and upgrade high-speed motorway at east-west directions from the borders of Azerbaijan to the Georgian Black Sea ports, as well as on the north-south direction, i.e., over the arteries, that binders Russia, India, Iran, Iraq and Pakistan. This is because the more relevant became the movement of goods from China to the West, and vice versa.
The works will be implemented in the frameworks of the spatial arrangement in the years 2016-2020.
Prime Minister Giorgi Kvirikashvili stressed the importance of the creation of new transportation routes to Georgia was able to "realize their full potential and became a transport and logistics hubs, connecting Europe and Asia".
According to prime-minister, in this context, a great role is played by road infrastructure across the country according to modern European standards.
For this purpose, the period up to 2020 inclusive, in Georgia it is planned a construction and reconstruction of about 1 thousand Km of highways, the presumable value of $ 3.5 billion. Including envisages the construction of 550 km of highways, 300 bridges and 50 road tunnels.
The Prime Minister said that the spatial arrangement of the project also envisages the construction and modernization of railway stations, sea ports and airports. Along with the improvement of road infrastructure, the project includes the development of integrated transport, construction, energy, manufacturing, tourism, mountainous regions, resorts of Georgia and other fields on the basis of rational and balanced planning.
- Published in Business


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The Azure Code Samples are currently available in English
Sample Java webapp with Maven configuration to deploy to Azure App Service
The code in this repo is a very simple JSP web application with some additional Maven configuration that's ready to deploy into Azure App Service. To build the application from the command line and run it locally:
cd app-service-maven
mvn package
mvn tomcat7:run-war
Deploy to Azure App Service
Create a web app plan and web app in Azure App Serivce and configure the web app to use Tomcat and Java 8.
Replace the placeholder values in the az-settings.xml file with the username, password, and FTP hostname in your App Service publishing profile. Then deploy to Azure App Service through Maven:
mvn install -s az-settings.xml
This project has adopted the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct. For more information see the Code of Conduct FAQ or contact firstname.lastname@example.com with any additional questions or comments.


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WASHINGTON (AP) - States are about to get some guidance from President Barack Obama about how they can get around provisions in the Bush-era No Child Left Behind law - a step the administration has undertaken to effectively gut the law since Congress had been slow to rewrite it.
In advance of Obama's speech Friday, Education Secretary Arne Duncan has said states would be able to seek waivers around requirements in the law if they can meet certain requirements the White House favors. He has said the emphasis will be more on growth than actual test scores, but revealed few specifics on how the plan would work.
"We would have loved for Congress to have acted," Duncan said Thursday. "Congress isn't, and at a time when we have to get better faster than before ... the law on the books is stifling the innovation and creativity we see all around the country and we just want to get out of the way and outreach that."
The No Child Left Behind passed in 2001 with widespread bipartisan support and much fanfare. It sought to hold schools more accountable for student performance and get better qualified teachers in classrooms. When schools were deemed as failing after set periods of time, extra tutoring and school choice have been offered to students, under the law.
A component of the law that said all students must be proficient in math and reading - meaning all students must by 2014 meet grade level standards in those subject areas - has been hugely unpopular. Critics say the law created too much of an emphasis in classrooms on standardized tests with stakes so high that it may have even created an environment where school officials in some districts opted to cheat.
Duncan has warned that 82 percent of schools next year could fail to reach proficiency requirements, and thus be labeled as a "failure." Duncan has said it's "dishonest" for schools to receive the label if they are showing real improvements, and the law is creating a "slow-motion educational train wreck." He's also said that many states under the law have lowered standards instead of making them more rigorous and that the law fails to differentiate between a high-performing school with one or two subgroups underperforming and a low-performing school where everyone is struggling.
The law has been due for a re-write since 2007, and Obama and Duncan had asked that it be overhauled by the beginning of this school year. But a growing ideological divide in Congress in recent years has only complicated efforts to do so.
The GOP-led House education committee has forwarded three bills that would overhaul aspects of it, but has yet to fully tackle some of the more contentious issues such as teacher effectiveness and accountability. Key Democrats on education issues on Capitol Hill, such as Sen. Tom Harkin, D-Iowa, and Rep. George Miller, D-Calif., have said they understand why the administration is moving forward with its plan.
But Rep. John Kline, R-Minn., who chairs the House education committee, has questioned if Duncan even has the authority to offer waivers to states in exchange for such changes. He's said the president has allowed "an arbitrary timeline" to dictate when Congress should get the law rewritten, and that the committee needs more time to develop its proposals, which it is doing. And, Sen. Mike Enzi, R-Wyo., the ranking Republican on the Senate committee with oversight over education, said the plan represents a shift in power from states to the federal government.
Duncan has said his plan would not undermine what Congress is doing because the waivers could serve as a bridge until Congress acts.


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NEW YORK, NY – MAY 08: The cast of 'Duck Dynasty' attends the A+E Networks 2013 Upfront on May 8, 2013 in New York City. redit: Getty Images for A+E Networks
If you've checked your Facebook or email this week, you might have been treated to a surprising story of how "Ducky Dynasty" patriarch Phil Robertson has been fighting the network that airs his show regarding frequent uses of prayer and guns. Mainly, the story says that Phil has taken a stand against A&E in order to keep the two topics in the show.
But while the story may endear fans to Phil and the clan even more, information we've uncovered says the entire thing just isn't true.
First, here's a copy of one of the variations of the rumor that's circulating on Facebook:
That's a pretty loaded statement. To have a show's star speak out agaisnt his own network is a big deal. And especially when it comes to faith and guns, two hot-button issues. Still, given Phil's outspoken nature, it's not out of the question.
So what's the truth?
There's nothing to it, family member and Phil's oldest (and non-bearded ) son Alan Robertsontells TheBlaze.
"The rumor that A&E told the Robertsons to tone down guns and prayer is not true," Alan said in an email to TheBlaze, adding the description of "false" to the chatter. "We continue to partner with A&E to make a great tv show that reflects our family's values."
And it seems Phil himself has weighed in according to another of the show's stars. On Thursday, Missy Robertson — wife of bearded brother Jase — tweeted a response to a question from someone asking about the controversy. According to the tweet, she asked Phil about it and he said "not to my knowledge."
That seems pretty clear. And as Phil would say, the family seems "happy, happy, happy" with the way things are going.
In other news, Willie Robertson announced earlier this week on his Twitter account that the show will officially be returning for a fourth season:
Author's note: TheBlaze will be reviewing Phil Robertson's newest book this weekend, "Happy, Happy, Happy: My Life and Legacy as the Duck Commander." Stay tuned for the write-up next week.


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Looking Back at Presidential Inaugurations
Join the audience of a live BackStory with the American History Guys radio show, January 19
*** A broadcast of the January 19 BackStory program on the history of presidential inaugurations is viewable online at C-SPAN3. Watch it here.***
Which fiercely contested 19th-century presidential election nearly resulted in two rival inaugurations? Which president has been invoked by all subsequent presidents—even Confederate president Jefferson Davis—in inauguration ceremonies?
As the nation pauses to look forward at the next four years, BackStory radio's American History Guys link present and past, tackling these and other questions in their characteristically irreverent take on the history of American presidential inaugurations during a live program in the Flag Hall of the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History at 11 a.m. Saturday, January 19.
Join the Smithsonian and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) for a special one-hour presentation of BackStory. Exploring scenes from presidential inaugurations past, historians-cum-radio-personalities Brian Balogh, Ed Ayers, and Peter Onuf will examine what these moments reveal about the social and political forces at work around them, beginning with America's first inauguration. The History Guys will also reflect on the ways 20th century media technologies have shaped inaugurations, and explore the transitional rituals that take place behind the scenes—in the ballrooms and cubicles of the capital city.
The event, which is free and open to the public, will take place from 11 a.m. to noon on Saturday, January 19th in the Flag Hall of the National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. Audience members are invited to participate in the program with questions for the American History Guys. The program will feature an interview with special guest Harry R. Rubenstein, Chair of the Division of Political History at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, who will focus on the museum's presidential history collection and display rarely seen inaugural artifacts.
For those unable to attend in person this special one-hour program will be simulcast via cable service and online by C-SPAN3's American History TV and later available as a podcast at www.backstoryradio.org. This event is supported in part by contributions from the History Channel.
Check www.neh.gov for further details on this special event, and for additional resources and information from the National Endowment for the Humanities and other federal agencies on American presidential inaugurations, including film profiles of US presidents, an archive of past inaugural addresses, poetry read at inauguration ceremonies, and lesson plans on presidential history from EDSITEment, NEH's award-winning website for teachers, students and life-long learners.
BackStory with the American History Guys is a weekly public radio program and podcast that brings historical perspective to daily events. Made possible through grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the series is a program of the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities. Each week the American History Guys—University of Virginia history professors Balogh and Onuf, and University of Richmond President and historian Ed Ayers—tear a topic from the headlines and plumb its historical depths. Together they drill down to colonial times and earlier, revealing the connections between past and present. The program can be heard on 23 public radio stations and in 57 communities nationally, and is available online as a podcast.
Event: Four More Years: Presidential Inaugurations
Live presentation of a BackStory with the American History Guys radio segment on the history of presidential inauguration celebrations and little-known-stories from inaugurations past.
Date: Saturday, January 19, 2013, 11 a.m. to 12 p.m.
Location: Flag Hall, Second Floor, National Museum of American History, Washington D.C
This event is free and open to the public.


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Rocky, Karate Kid Director To Discuss Filmmaking At SHSU
Feb. 25, 2014
SHSU Media Contact: Jennifer Gauntt
Story By: Jessica Oswald
Academy Award-winning motion picture director John Avildsen will share some of his experiences in Hollywood and creating some of his most famous films when he visits Sam Houston State University campus on March 25.
The spring President's Speaker Series presentation will begin at 11 a.m. in the James and Nancy Gaertner Performing Arts Center Concert Hall.
The program will focus on various aspects of Avildsen's filmmaking, including the showing of excerpts from films that have marked milestones in his career such as "Rocky," "The Karate Kid," "Save the Tiger," "The Formula," and "8 Seconds."
Avildsen's films have had a wide range in their subjects, but many bear his well-known signature for underdog films.
In 1976 he won the Academy Award as "Best Director" for "Rocky," and the academy nominated him for a "Best Documentary Film" award in 1983 for "Traveling Hopefully."
In addition, "Rocky" and "The Karate Kid" are among the all-time highest grossing films in U.S. box office history.
During his career, Avildsen has worked with an array of actors and actresses, including Sylvester Stallone, Marlon Brando, George C. Scott, Susan Sarandon, Jack Lemmon, Morgan Freeman, Peter Boyle, Elizabeth Shue, and Luke Perry.
Earlier that day, from 9:30-10:15 a.m., Avildsen will participate in a book signing of "The Films of John Avildsen," which covers his career and was co-written by Tom Garrett, associate professor of film at Sam Houston State University. The book signing, which is also open to the public, will be in the atrium of the Lowman Student Center.
Copies of the book will be available for purchase in the adjoining University Bookstore.
Avildsen's appearance is being produced in conjunction with the students of Priority One, a course within the university's Department of Mass Communication.
He will be joined onstage for the discussion by SHSU President Dana Gibson and Peter Roussel, Warner Chair of Journalism.
Admission to the event is free and it is open to the public.
Created in 2002, the President's Speaker Series is designed to bring to the SHSU campus prominent leaders, who are chosen for their ability to deliver messages of substance with the potential to significantly impact the student body.
Among previous guests have been Dan Rather, Lech Walsea, Marcus Luttrell, Alberto Gonzales, J.C. Watts, Ann Compton, Nolan Ryan, and others.
For more information, contact Charlene McWilliams, director for university events, at 936.294.3415.
This page maintained by SHSU's Communications Office
Associate Director: Julia May
Manager: Jennifer Gauntt
Located in the 115 Administration Building
Telephone: 936.294.1836; Fax: 936.294.1834
Please send comments, corrections, news tips to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Of bank heists & credit cards
The nation's biggest banks just don't get it. After spending billions of dollars bailing out the nation's financial sector, including many of the nation's largest banks, President Obama has requested Congress send him legislation to limit the sudden rate hikes and hidden fees banks are piling on credit card users. Have they no shame?
"Americans know that they have a responsibility to live within their means and pay what they owe," Obama said in his weekly radio and Internet address this past Saturday. "But they also have a right to not get ripped off by the sudden rate hikes, unfair penalties and hidden fees that have become all too common."
"You shouldn't have to fear that any new credit card is going to come with strings attached, nor should you need a magnifying glass and a reference book to read a credit card application. And the abuses in our credit card industry have only multiplied in the midst of this recession, when Americans can least afford to bear an extra burden," the president said.
In legislation known as the Credit Card Holders Bill of Rights, which has passed the House and awaits action in the Senate (perhaps later this week), the bill would ban double-cycle billing and retroactive rate increases and would prevent companies from giving credit cards to anyone under 18. All are reasonable actions: the first two to eliminate outright thievery by banks, and the third eliminates unwarranted temptation.
Market purists will respond that teenagers and the parents that allow them to have credit cards should be responsible enough to spend within their means, but common sense suggests that providing young teens with such temptation is irresponsible and a market-driven ploy that preys on the weakness of others while pocketing huge profits. That bankers even go there further sullies an already damaged reputation.
From our perspective, the legislation doesn't go far enough. Credit card rates should not be allowed to hit the 18-40 percent rates now being charged in some circumstances, but capped at 15 percent — the same rates that are capped for credit unions which, according to congressional testimony, provides ample profit. Moreover, we'd suggest that if the user gets behind on payments by an unreasonable amount (say three months) and can't pay immediately, the card could be immobilized until the debt is retired, then reinstated — a measure that would protect the banks as well as the card user.
We could also imagine a system in which credit cards companies had to crosscheck potential customers to insure that debts were not owed on other credit cards before issuing a new card. And in our wildest dreams — perhaps in the role of benevolent dictator — we would limit the number of mail solicitations to two renewals a year, and one mailed solicitation for a new card per individual per year. Just think how many trees America would save, and the amount of energy not consumed by all that wasted use of resources!
In his more practical message, President Obama limited his outrage to the "abuse that goes unpunished" by the credit card companies and stressed the need "to strengthen monitoring, enforcement and penalties for credit card companies that take advantage of ordinary Americans."
The president hopes to have the legislation ready to sign by Memorial Day, and it couldn't come soon enough. As the president said, "There is no time for delay. We need a durable and successful flow of credit in our economy, but we can't tolerate profits that depend upon misleading working families. Those days are over."
What also has changed are the days when such shenanigans were condoned. What a difference an election can make.
Angelo S. Lynn


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Indicative Rate * AU$6.35 to AU$25.40
Enjoy this relaxed coastal park by staying in one of the two camping areas provided in the Woodgate and Kinkuna sections of Burrum Coast National Park. Both the Burrum Point camping area and the Kinkuna camping zone provide close access to the water and beach activities.
You need a four-wheel-drive vehicle to access these camping areas. Walking track entrances are accessible by conventional vehicles.
Camping permits are required and fees apply. A tag with your booking number must be displayed at your camp site. Book your camp site and purchase your camping permit in advance. Bookings can be made on-line, over the counter or by phone.
You can't camp in the Burrum River and Buxton sections of the park.
Note: Information on listed products and services are provided by the operator and were correct at the time of publishing. Rates are indicative based on the minimum and maximum available prices of products and services. Please visit the operator's website for further information. All prices quoted are in Australian dollars (AUD).


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TaTa Tragedies
October is Breast Cancer Awareness month, bakers, which means this is your last week to slap pink icing ribbons on everything and guilt your customers into buying last month's leftover cookies:
Pro Tip: When licking icing off your display cookies, try to be more thorough. Otherwise people might start asking questions.
It also means that every October birthday is no longer just a birthday:
It's a "Flappy Beiast Awaranistsy" Birthday!
Plus, what better time is there to break out the ol' "Ring o' Stomachs" icing border?
NO TIME, that's when.
Of course, since even the simple ribbon loop is beyond many bakers' skill set, you might want to cheat a bit by using candy molds:
Pro Tip: these also work great for bachelorette parties.
Or maybe stick to a single ribbon and just one misspelled word:
G, I admire your restraint.
Or how about a simple, inspiring inscription? You know, something about hope, and strength, and working towards a cure?
Or a confusingly depressing sentiment that makes less and less sense the more you think about it?
Because when I remember a painful loss, the first thing I want to do - I mean, AFTER celebrating the fact that I just remembered my painful loss - is eat a giant cookie cake.
Tell you what, bakers, maybe we should just go back to the ribbons.
Thanks to Sarah A., Gia E., Crystal A., Jen P., Anony M., Michelle T., & Leslie P. for keeping us abreast of the situation. TTFN, ladies!
And we'll see you tonight, Hartford!


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When you turn on Dictation, you can do more than use your voice to enter text on your Mac. You can also use dictation commands to tell your Mac what to do, like "undo that" or "select the previous sentence."
Turn on Dictation Commands
Most dictation commands turn on automatically when you turn on Enhanced Dictation:
- Choose Apple menu () > System Preferences, click Keyboard, then click Dictation.
- Turn on Dictation, then select "Use Enhanced Dictation."
You can now get a list of commands and select the ones that you want to use:
- Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, then click Accessibility.
- Select Dictation from the accessibility categories on the left. Then click the Dictation Commands button.
- A list of dictation commands opens. Use the checkboxes to turn commands on or off. Click a command to see which phrases work with that command. For example, "Undo that" works with several phrases, including "Undo this" and "Scratch that."
Select "Enable advanced commands" to get additional commands.
Use dictation commands
To use any of the commands that you turned on, first make your Mac listen for dictation commands:
- Press the keyboard shortcut for starting dictation. The default shortcut is Fn Fn (press the Fn key twice).
- Or turn on the option "Enable the dictation keyword phrase," which is next to the Dictation Commands button. You can then speak the dictation keyword phrase to let your Mac know that the next thing you say after the keyword phrase will be a dictation command.
Then speak any of the phrases that work with a dictation command. You can even say "Show commands" to open a window showing all of the dictation commands available to you.
Create your own commands
After you select "Enable advanced commands," an Add button appears beneath the list of commands.
- Click the Add button to add "undefined command" to the list of commands.
- Click the undefined command to select it, then configure these options:
- When I say: Enter the word or phrase that you want to speak to perform the action.
- While using: Choose whether your Mac performs the action only when you're using a particular app.
- Perform: Choose the action to perform. You can open a Finder item, open a URL, paste text, paste data from the clipboard, press a keyboard shortcut, select a menu item, or run an Automator workflow.
To learn more about dictation, choose Help from the Finder menu bar, then search for "dictation."


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Serviços Personalizados
Links relacionados
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Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
versão On-line ISSN 2219-0635
versão impressa ISSN 0030-2465
Onderstepoort j. vet. res. vol.80 no.1 Pretoria Jan. 2013
Spatial variation of epoxyscillirosidine concentrations in Moraea pallida (yellow tulp) in South Africa
Christo J. BothaI; Heleen CoetserII; Rowena A. SchultzII; Leonie LabuschagneII; Deon van der MerweIII
IDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
IIDivision of Toxicology, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, South Africa
IIIDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, United States
Moraea pallida (yellow tulp) poisoning is economically the most important intoxication of livestock in South Africa. Poisoning varies according to locality, climatic conditions and growth stage of the plant. The primary objective of this study was to determine the concentration of the toxic principle, epoxyscillirosidine, in yellow tulp leaves and to ascertain I the variability of epoxyscillirosidine concentrations within and between different locations. A secondary objective was to utilise Geographic Information Systems in an attempt to explain the variability in toxicity. Flowering yellow tulp plants were collected at 26 sampling points across 20 districts of South Africa. The leaves of five plants per sampling point were extracted and submitted for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. A large variation in mean epoxyscillirosidine concentrations, ranging from 3.32 µg/g - 238.27 µg/g, occurred I between different geographical regions. The epoxyscillirosidine concentrations also varied tremendously between individual plants (n = 5) collected at the same sampling point, with up to a 24 times difference between the lowest and highest concentration detected. No generalised I correlation between epoxyscillirosidine concentrations and soil elemental concentrations could be established. However, samples obtained from the north-eastern part of the sampling I region tended to have higher epoxyscillirosidine concentrations compared to samples obtained from the south-western part of the sampling region. Higher toxin concentrations in the northeast were associated with statistically significant higher soil concentrations of iron, bismuth, bromide, cadmium, chromium, rubidium, tellurium, thallium, titanium and zinc, whilst soil concentrations of strontium and soil pH, were significantly lower. This study corroborated the contention that epoxyscillirosidine concentration in yellow tulp fluctuates and may explain I the variability in toxicity.
Poisoning of livestock by cardiac glycoside-containing plants has the greatest economic impact of all plant-associated poisonings in the Republic of South Africa. Collectively, they are held responsible for 33% of all mortalities from plant poisonings of cattle and 10% of those in small stock (Kellerman, Naudé & Fourie 1996).
Chemically, two major groups of cardiac glycosides, namely the cardenolides and bufadienolides, are recognised (Steyn & Van Heerden 1998). Poisoning of livestock by bufadienolide-containing plants, which surpasses cardenolide-induced poisonings in importance, may either be acute or chronic. Tulp poisoning (induced by various Moraea species) and slangkop poisoning (caused by various Drimia species) induce only acute intoxication, as these species contain non-cumulative bufadienolides (Kellerman et al. 2005). On the other hand, members of three genera of the Crassulaceae (Cotyledon, Tylecodon and Kalanchoe), generally referred to as plakkies, may cause either acute or chronic poisoning as they contain cumulative, neurotoxic bufadienolides. The chronic form of the poisoning is colloquially referred to as krimpsiekte (Botha 2003).
Tulp poisoning is the most important plant-associated poisoning in South Africa and occurs throughout the country. It is predominantly found in newly-introduced cattle or young, naive animals (Kellerman, Naudé & Fourie 1996; Kellerman et al. 2005). Moraea pallida (yellow tulp) contains a bufadienolide, namely 1α, 2α-epoxyscillirosidine and is predominantly responsible for the intoxication of livestock (Enslin et al. 1966; Kellerman et al. 2005). However, yellow tulp poisoning is reported to vary according to locality, climatic conditions and growth stage (Kellerman et al. 2005). Thus, it is assumed that the epoxyscillirosidine concentration in yellow tulp varies between different geographic regions of the country. In a limited study, Snyman, Schultz & Van den Berg (2011) linked cardiac glycoside content to values obtained with an immunoassay (digoxin equivalents) and reported variability in yellow tulp toxicity.
The first objective of this study was to determine epoxyscillirosidine concentration in yellow tulp leaves collected at different geographical regions in South Africa. The second objective of this study was to utilise a geographic information system (GIS) to establish if the differences- over geographic regions (assuming that the difference is not genetically driven), were due to variations in edaphic parameters that could influence the synthesis and accumulation of epoxyscillirosidine in the plant.
Materials and methods
Plant material
Moraea pallida was collected in different geographical regions of South Africa during September 2010 - October 2010. Ten to 15 plants, growing in close proximity to each other (within approximately 1 m2) in grazing camps, were collected per sampling point by digging up the plants. At each site, global positioning system (GPS) sampling point locations were recorded in terms of longitude and latitude using handheld GPS sensors and the WGS 84 map datum. A voucher specimen from each site was retained, pressed and mounted on cardboard. The HGW Schweickertd Herbarium, at the University of Pretoria, verified the botanical identification. The voucher specimens were kept at the Toxicology Biolab, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (ARC-OVI). The remaining plants were dried in an oven (Protea Laboratory Equipment) at 60 °C until the mass stabilised. From the batch of plants collected per sampling point, the five plants with the best leaves (longest and broadest) were selected for extraction.
Epoxyscillirosidine concentration
The leaves of the five plants per sampling point were extracted separately. The extraction procedures followed the standardised method used at the Toxicology Laboratory, ARC-OVI (Schultz, Kellerman & Van den Berg 2005). Briefly, the dried leaves were finely milled; 0.5 g dry plant material was homogenised for five minutes in dichloromethane (80 mL, British Drug House [BDH], England) and deionised water (40 mL) to which ten drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid (Merck, South Africa) were added. The sample was shaken for 30 minutes and then centrifuged (2400 x g) for 30 minutes. The precipitate was removed with a pipette and placed in a clean flask; 40 mL of deionised water with 20 drops ammonia (Merck, South Africa) was added, shaken for 30 minutes and then centrifuged for 30 minutes. The bottom layer was filtered through sodium sulphate (approximately 20 g) on a Whatman 1 filter paper to remove moisture. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness (< 50 °C), after which 2 mL analytical grade methanol (Merck, South Africa) was added (dissolved in an ultrasonic bath) and filtered (0.45 µ Nylon filter).
The extracts were submitted to the Laboratory of The National Horse Racing Authority, Johannesburg to determine the epoxyscillirosidine concentrations. The samples were dried at room temperature, reconstituted in 2 mL methanol (Merck, South Africa) and vortex mixed for 30 seconds. The samples were then diluted by transferring 100 µl of each sample to a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) vial and methanol 900 µl and 100 µl of internal standard (proscillaridin A, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) in methanol (10 µg/mL) were added. Samples were submitted for liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry (LC-MS). An Agilent 1260 Series Liquid Chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, South Africa) was- employed with a Waters XSelect CSH C18 150 mm x 2.1 mm column (5 µιτι particle size). The mobile phase was 5 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid in water:acetonitrile (98/2, v/v) (Solvent A) and 5 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid in water: acetonitrile, (2/98, v/v) (Solvent B). The liquid chromatograph was interfaced to a Thermo Scientific Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific, South Africa) equipped with a Heated-Electrospray lonisation probe (HESI-II), utilising Xcalibur software version 2.1 with ToxID 2.1.2.
Sub-soil samples (one 500 g per sampling point) were collected from the root zone of the plants following removal of the top 3 cm - 5 cm of soil. The soil samples were submitted to the ARC-Institute for Soil, Climate and Water (ARC-ISCW),
Pretoria for analyses of K, Ca, Mg, Na, pH (H2O), phosphate and resistance. An inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) scan on an ammonium EDTA extract of the samples, including analyses of Li, Be, B, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, La, W, Pt, Hg, Tl, Pb, and U was performed. Correlations between soil elements and median epoxyscillirosidine concentrations were investigated using the Pearson product moment correlation method (SigmaPlot for Windows version 11.0; build 126.96.36.199). Statistical significance was assumed at a confidence level of 95% and above.
GIS spatial analysis
Spatial distributions of yellow tulp epoxyscillirosidine concentrations were studied in a GIS environment (ESRI 2008: ArcMap 10.0; build 2414). The median epoxyscillirosidine concentration for each site was compiled and the data were projected into the Africa-Albers equal area conic coordinate system. To determine whether the data distribution was spatially autocorrelated or not, a spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed by calculating the global Moran's /-statistic using inverse distance conceptualisation and Euclidian distance. To determine whether the data displayed spatial high-low trends, a high-low clustering analysis was performed by calculating a general G-statistic using inverse distance conceptualisation and Euclidian distance.
Comparative statistical analysis
Visual inspection of the data revealed an apparent, strong difference in epoxyscillirosidine concentrations along a southwest (SW) to north-east (NE) distribution axis. To describe the difference statistically, the data was divided into two groups, NE and SW, based on a dividing line stretching from -26°N, 24°E to -30°N, 29°E. The two groups were compared using a f-test when the data were normal, and had equal variance; otherwise the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney rank sum test. A significant difference between groups was assumed when the difference reached a 95% confidence level (p < 0.050).
Flowering M. pallida were collected at 26 sampling points across 20 districts of South Africa (Figure 1). The mean and- median epoxyscillirosidine concentrations, as well as the lowest and highest concentrations in the yellow tulp leaves (n = 5) collected at each sampling point, are tabled (Table 1). The data is not normally distributed.
A large variation in mean epoxyscillirosidine concentrations was noticed between geographical regions, ranging from 3.32 (± 0.56) µg/g at Excelsior to 238.27 (± 232.21) µg/g at Frankfort. Huge differences in epoxyscillirosidine concentrations between individual plants within a plant community were also detected at certain sampling points. The largest variations in individual epoxyscillirosidine concentrations in plants growing in close proximity to each other were recorded at Bloemhof, Rouxville and Bethlehem, with a 24, 20 and 18 times difference between the lowest and highest concentrations respectively.
The spatial autocorrelation analysis resulted in a Moran's index /-statistic of 0.649, a z-score of 0.878, with a p-value of 0.380. The spatial distribution of epoxyscillirosidine concentration therefore appeared not to be significantly different from random, but the power of the analysis was poor due to a low sample number. The overall high-low clustering analysis resulted in a general G-statistic- of 0.000024, a z-score of -0.287, and a p-value of 0.774, indicating that the overall spatial distribution of high and low values was not significantly different from random. However, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in median epoxyscillirosidine concentrations of plants to the SW and NE of a diagonal divisional line drawn from NW to SE, based on a dividing line stretching from -26°N, 24°E to -30°N, 29°E, with median concentrations of 5 µg/g and 54 µg/g respectively (Figure 1). This sample division also resulted in significant soil differences. Significantly higher toxin concentration in the NE was associated with higher soil concentrations of Fe, Bi, Br, Cd, Cr, Rb, Te, Tl, Ti and Zn, whilst soil concentrations of Sr and soil pH were significantly lower (Table 2).
This study corroborates the notion that the toxicity of yellow tulp is highly variable and confirms a previous report of relatively low cardiac glycoside content (reflected as digoxin equivalents) in yellow tulp collected at Griekwastad and Bloemfontein (Snyman, Schultz & Van den Berg 2011). In the current study, yellow tulp leaves collected at Belfast, Mpumalanga Highveld had a high mean epoxyscillirosidine- concentration of 136.95 (± 104.94) µg/g. Snyman et al. (2011) also reported relatively high cardiac glycoside content (18 438 nmoles/L) in a plant (only one sample) collected at Middelburg on the Mpumalanga Highveld. However, it is difficult to compare as Snyman et al. (2011) utilised an indirect analysis (digoxin assay) to estimate the cardiac glycoside content.
The differences in epoxyscillirosidine concentration in yellow tulp can explain the variability in toxicity. However, poisoning will depend on the amount of plant material ingested and even though the epoxyscillirosidine concentration in the plant material may be low, if sufficient plant material is ingested it can induce intoxication. This is well illustrated as plant material collected during incidences of tulp poisoning near Newcastle and Glencoe (Annema, private practitioner, personal communication) was found to be quite diverse. The mean epoxyscillirosidine concentration in yellow tulp leaves (n = 5) at Newcastle was high at 227.61 (± 114.07) µg/g and relatively low at Glencoe at 23.05 (± 15.49) µg/g. In conditioned feed aversion trials, Snyman et al. (2004) reported that the lowest oral dose of epoxyscillirosidine that induces clinical signs of poisoning in cattle is 0.10 mg/kg body weight. Based on the mean epoxyscillirosidine concentrations found at Newcastle and Glencoe, it is estimated that a young steer of 300 kg has to ingest 130 g - 1300 g of dry plant material or 0.43 g - 4.30 g of dry plant material per kilogram body weight. These estimated toxic doses for cattle are comparable to lethal oral doses of 1.25 g/kg of dried, milled Moraea pallida plant- material administered to sheep during experimental studies (Swan et al. 1995).
In the current study, the epoxyscillirosidine concentrations were only determined in the leaves and not in other aerial parts such as the inflorescence, or in the corms. It is highly probable that the epoxyscillirosidine concentrations in yellow tulp may vary during a growing season. Differences in the concentrations of toxic principles in various plant parts and during specific growth stages have been reported for a number of poisonous plants in South Africa such as Fadogia homblei and Lantana camara (Kellerman et al. 2005).
Soil type probably also influences toxicity of yellow tulp. Steyn (1934) reported that another bufadienolide-containing plant, Cotyledon orbiculata, which grows on sandy soils, is more toxic than plants growing on black clay soils. Grosskopf (1964) relayed the opinions of farmers who reported that Geigeria ornativa growing in limestone-rich areas is more toxic.
Many of the earlier research investigations involving GIS and toxicology have mainly dealt with pesticide use and their environmental implications, especially to ground water and/or stream water quality (Corwin, Werle & Rhoades 1988; Howell, Gelinas & Slaats 1988; Davis & Flores 1992; Heidtke & Auer 1993). Numerous scientific reports also exist where GIS have been used to analyse heavy metal pollution in the environment (Herpin, Berlekamp & Markert 1996; Markert, Herpin & Berlekamp 1996; Frangi & Richard 1997; Mielke, Gonzales & Smith 2000; Facchinelli, Sacchi & Mallen 2001; Pesch & Schroeder 2006). Most or all of these studies have centered on risks to human health; nevertheless, they demonstrate the potential of spatial analysis or geoprocessing tools, which are components that are central to a GIS in various toxicological problem-solving scenarios.
Despite the popularity of GIS amongst many medical and environmental toxicologists, there are relatively few veterinary toxicological studies that have used GIS for problem solving thus far. Durr & Gatrell (2004) wrote extensively about spatial analysis in veterinary science in general, wherein a majority of their topics discussed epidemiological modelling and management of wildlife diseases. Kistemann et al. (2004) studied spatial and temporal distribution of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli amongst humans and cattle in Sweden. They compared spatial patterns of the distribution of human infections with spatial patterns of occurrence in cattle using GIS. Whilst it is true that the use of GIS is limited to situations that are spatial in nature, it is also a fact that the immense potential of GIS to solve regional and local veterinary toxicological issues is underutilised at present.
The Moran's index indicates a degree of spatial autocorrelation in the data. Although the power of the analysis is not at a level needed for a reliable result, a degree of autocorrelation in this case may support a conclusion that local effects influence toxin levels, which causes plants that grow close together to have more similar toxin concentrations compared to plants growing in more distant locations. This conclusion is also supported by the regional differences between the NE and SW. One of the advantages of visually evaluating data in a spatial context is that it enables the qualitative detection- of data patterns, which can then form the basis for forming testable hypotheses. The elliptical distribution pattern of the sample locations along the NE to SW axis allows for evaluation along that axis (Figure 1). Although several statistically significant associations between soil parameters and plant toxin concentration were found (Table 2), inferences cannot be made regarding the causal relationship of these associations. However, these results do suggest that further experiments are needed to investigate the potential influence of soil nutrients and soil pH on toxin production. Due to the distribution pattern of the sample sites, the presence or absence of toxin concentration differences along other distribution axes could not be supported or disproved.
Potential factors that could influence toxin concentrations, but were not investigated in the current study include: regional climatic differences; genetic differences between populations; and local stressors such as variations in insect or other herbivore pressure, pathogens and intra- and interspecific competition. The variation of epoxyscillirosidine concentrations within populations over time also needs to be investigated, including variations in relation to plant growth stages. These data and an increased understanding of the factors that determine poisoning risk will allow an assessment of change in risk that might be expected when environmental changes occur, such as climate change and/ or land use change. The most important environmental parameters that determine epoxyscillirosidine poisoning can then be identified and broader geographic areas can be delineated in a GIS environment as potential areas of yellow tulp poisoning.
The authors would like to extend their gratitude to the veterinarians, students and farmers who collected and submitted plant material and soil samples. We would also like to thank Mrs Nina van Vliet, ARC-Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Pretoria for the soil analysis and Dr Magda Rõsemann at the Laboratory of The National Horse Racing Authority, Johannesburg for the LC-MS analysis. This research is based upon work supported financially by the National Research Foundation, South Africa.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationship(s) that may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article.
Authors' contributions
C.J.B. (University of Pretoria) was the principal investigator. H.C. (Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute), R.A.S. (Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute) and L.L. (Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute) prepared the plant samples and performed the extraction procedures. D.V.D.M. (Kansas State University) was responsible for the GIS analysis. C.J.B., D.V.D.M. and R.A.S. compiled and edited the manuscript.
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Correspondence to:
Christo Botha
Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
Received: 05 Dec. 2012
Accepted: 26 Apr. 2013
Published: 31 May 2013


text:
Some readers of this guide—especially those who are working in non-charter public schools as well as charter schools—may wonder about the wider implications of the themes that have been presented. The underlying themes of these charter schools are consistent with the principles outlined in the high school reform literature in general and, more specifically, the research on high-performing secondary schools. Such schools are shown to hold high expectations for students; offer rigorous curriculum; provide a range of instructional strategies to engage students and to connect their learning to real-world applications; foster strong connections between students and staff; have strong leadership and a school culture that is mission-driven; create a professional community of learning among staff; and provide additional supports for students who need them.17 Other research underscores the need to make sure graduation requirements and college entrance requirements are aligned.18
One of the more insidious myths about education is that students who have traditionally been characterized as "at risk" cannot mange a rigorous college preparatory curriculum and that if pushed too hard they will drop out of school. The achievement outcomes at these profiled schools refute that belief, demonstrating that when presented with a demanding academic curriculum, high expectations, solid support, and data-driven teaching that is responsive to students' learning needs, traditionally underserved learners rise to the challenge. The high college-going rate of these graduates, many of them the first in their family to seek higher education, also speaks to the value of exposing such students to a broad array of extracurricular experiences—from college tours to summer internships to international travel opportunities—in an effort to level the playing field and provide opportunities for them to expand their cultural capital.
At these schools high expectations are not reserved for students alone. Teachers are held to high standards as well. But like the students they serve, these teachers receive support to help them meet the high expectations. In addition to having the time to analyze and use the data they generate through frequent formative student assessments, teachers are given time to plan, collaborate, and reflect, both within and across departments. They are encouraged to collaborate across departments, an uncommon practice in public high schools. The payoff from these practices is clear in positive student outcomes across these eight schools.
While each of the charter schools introduced here is distinctive in its overall character and none implements the above research-based strategies in precisely the same way, they are all driven to embrace these strategies by the same underlying belief: that what we have been doing is not good enough, that we must and can do better for our adolescent learners. That conviction is evident at every turn. But it is not unique to these schools, nor need be their accomplishments.
It is true that chartering diminishes some of the constraints experienced by other school communities as they strive to implement research-based improvement strategies. Yet state and district policies vary, and they shape the specific context within which any reader must operate. Those intent on reforming their community's secondary schools will want to look carefully at perceived limitations, asking themselves whether the constraints are real or only assumed and, if real, whether they can they be eliminated or, at least, mitigated?
Take, for example, the essential role at these charter schools of a cohesive teaching staff unified in its willingness to "do what it takes" to advance student learning—whether that means teachers being available to help students beyond the close of the school day, using data to guide their instruction, or collaborating with each other to advance their own learning. Building this kind of faculty is certainly easier for a charter school, which is able to hire whomever is best suited to meet the needs of students rather than having to take whichever applicant has the most seniority irrespective of commitment or qualifications. It is also easier to attract highly qualified teachers to work with underperforming students when offering incentives, as most of these schools do by ensuring that teachers have the time and support to plan and learn together and that their students have additional necessary supports beyond skilled classroom teaching.
Having a highly qualified and committed staff is not impossible for non-charter schools; everyone knows of ordinary public schools where extraordinary teachers are working together to ready students for success in college. But those committed to education equity—states, districts, schools, teachers, parents, and other concerned stakeholders—must consider what is needed to ensure that such staffs are in place at all schools, especially at those on the losing end of the achievement gap. They must consider what policies and practices either inhibit or support creation of this type of staff and advocate or make decisions accordingly. And if achievement gaps are to be closed, these stakeholders must apply the same careful scrutiny to all factors known to be supportive of successful secondary schools, examining what needs to be changed and the level of the education system at which the change needs to occur, in order to ensure that research-based strategies for improving student learning are in place across the board. The schools in this guide serve as a reminder of what can happen when they are.