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Spanish Colonial Architecture
A History Alive!
Social Studies Skill Builder style exercise
Prepared by C. Kelly
Intended Grade: Standard World History, 10th grade
Subject Areas: Social Studies and World History
Correlation to National or Florida Sunshine State Standard:
SS.A.3.4.... Student understands the significant economic, political, and
cultural interactions among peoples of Africa, Europe, Asia,
and the Americas during the Age of Discovery and European
Performance Standards:
Read expository text for information
Synthesize information
Work cooperatively in a group
Create a product
Students will practice reading comprehension skills in a cooperative
learning environment to read, synthesize, and apply critical thinking skills
to the factors that influenced the design and construction of Spanish
colonial architecture in St. Augustine.
Approximate Time Required: 1 1/hours
Materials Required:
1. Three Little Pigs storybook
2. Class set of note taking sheets OR overhead sample for students to
3. Sufficient number of group handout folders of each excerpt
(recommend 2 folders of each handout)
4. Teacher stamp/stickers to mark progress on activity
Classroom preparation:
Students should be assigned in groups of 2-4 people of varying skill
levels and multi-intelligence strengths. You may choose to have the
groups sit at desks or move around the classroom visiting various
activity stations. You may also want to arrange desks so that each
student can see the projection screen.
Lesson preview activity:
Tell the story of or read the story of the Three Little Pigs. Then ask:
What building materials did each pig use?
How did they acquire those building materials?
What environmental danger did the pigs need protection from?
What environmental danger does your house protect you from?
Prior lesson on world history themes: Geography, Politics/government,
Economics, Society, Culture, Science/Technology (sample graphic
organizer enclosure one)
Ask Essential Question:
What factors influenced the way Spanish colonial settlers in St
Augustine designed and built their houses?
Distribute/show note taking sheet and review directions:
Practice good teamwork skills.
Everyone reads the handouts.
Together, the group discusses the main ideas in the handout.
Everyone records his or her original synopsis
Together, the group discusses the critical thinking questions
Everyone records his or her original answers to the questions
ONE person brings all the worksheets to the teacher to be checked.
If the work is satisfactory, teacher stamps each worksheet and gives
the runner the next folder.
Process activity/homework:
Create a real estate ad for a Spanish Colonial house. Describe its'
actual location in the town, type of construction materials, and design.
Include a sketch of the floor plan. You must use these features:
coquina, tabby, gate, shutters, door, garden, kitchen, floor, and hearth.
Online information and illustrations:
World History Themes
Climate and
and tools
Enclosure (1)
Factors Affecting Spanish Colonial Architecture
Read the thematic handouts, then discuss the main ideas. Each student will write an
original synthesis for each handout.
Then, discuss the critical thinking questions presented in each handout. Each
student will write original answers to the questions.
When complete, submit this worksheet to the teacher.
Enclosure 2
Geography-Climate's Effect on Architecture
When Pedro Menendez landed in St Augustine with a charter to establish a
new city, he found the climate to be subtropical and humid. Summer sun was
intense. The heat and humidity and insect activity rapidly destroyed wooden
structures. The territory averaged 51 inches of rain per year, but also
suffered periodic droughts. Sometimes violent seasonal thunderstorms
pounded the city, lightning activity threatened wildfires. This coastal region
was also prone to hurricane activity between June and November. The city's
location on the bay front less than a mile from the Atlantic Ocean often
provided a cooling breeze.
During the long summers temperatures routinely reached in the upper 90s
well into the evening hours. The short winters subjected residents to damp
and chill. Temperatures could reach freezing several times in the course of
the winter, especially when winds were out of the North.
How could you use design a building to protect your family from the
extremes of climate?
Enclosure 3
Geography-Natural Resources
The location of St. Augustine on the Florida peninsula naturally imposed
some limitations as to the natural materials available for constructing housing.
The settlers discovered large piles of discarded oyster shells outside Indian
villages, as well as thriving oyster beds along the shore.
The countryside offered palm, cedar, cypress, and pine trees, with cedar
trees growing near fresh water not far away. Pine was most abundant, but
rotted quickly. Both cypress and cedar are rot-resistant. Scrub palmetto,
grasses, and vines were also abundant.
Florida's sandy soil, while not fertile, offered building possibilities. So did clay
deposits in the salt marshes.
Few if any stones are found in Florida, but in 1586 the settlers did discover a
deposit of coquina, a sediment stone formed by the compaction of tiny shells
into a coarse but resilient stone. It was not until 1690 that coquina was
quarried for use in building the Castillo. The Governor allowed the sale of
coquina remnants when the town was being rebuilt after the sack in 1702.
How could you use these elementary building materials to quickly erect
housing to protect your family from danger and the elements?
Enclosure 4
Politics and Government influence on Architecture
Menendez's charter from King Phillip II included the Ordinances of the Indies,
which specified the layout for Spanish Colonial settlement cities. Besides the
rules for laying out a central plaza and the location of roads, the Ordinances
also included the following:
"133. They shall arrange the building lots and edifices placed thereon
in such a manner that the rooms of the latter may enjoy the air of
the South and North as these are the best. The building of the
houses of the whole town generally shall be of so arranged that
they shall serve as a defense against those who may try to disturb
or invade the town. Each house in particular shall be so built
that they may keep therein their horses and work animals, and
shall have yards and corrals as large as possible for health and
134. They shall try also far as possible to have the buildings all on
one form for the sake of the beauty of the town."
To develop his towns into full-fledged municipalities, he set up councils, or
cabildos, with the power to collect taxes and distribute lots (Waterbury, 1983
- See map).
How did the government rules effect the individual home builder?
Enclosure 5
Society's Influence on Architecture
The soldiers and other settlers who accompanied Menendez expected to
recreate their life in Spain, including their diet, class structure, dress, and
housing styles.
The Spanish placed the front walls of buildings directly on the front lot line,
effectively creating a continuous wall defining public and private spaces.
Fences enclose the rest of the property. The rear of the lot was used for
small gardens fruit trees and outbuildings. The Spanish house was entered
by passing through a gate in the street-side wall into to a side yard, and
subsequently from the side yard into the house. Window to the street were
protected with wooden grating to permit protected conversation between the
house and the street. Windows where not glazed with glass but had wooden
shutters that could be closed to keep out weather, insects or enemies.
Exterior doors opened inward so they could be barred against invasions.
Kitchens were most often in separate building. The Spanish stove had no
chimney and smoke from the charcoal fire found its way out through the roof
or smoke holes. Heating was provided by charcoal braziers carried from
room to room; there were no fire places.
How do traditional Spanish homes differ from the housing you are used
Enclosure 6
Cultural Art-Architecture
The houses were still nothing special-half-timbered structures of wattle and
daub with cypress supports and straw or palmetto thatch." (Waterbury, 1983)
The one or two celled plan is so widely used all over the world that we should
be surprised only if it were NOT found in St Augustine. The prototype is the
rectangular one-room cottage of the medieval laborer, a shelter that provided
only the necessities: a roof to keep off the rain; walls to stop the wind; a
hearth for cooking; and perhaps a ladder to a sleeping loft.
Two rooms were about all most householder would claim, but whenever
possible that core was added on to-another room: a loggia, preferably on the
sunny south side or a second story when there was enough money to buy the
increasingly scarce wood. An added balcony could mean still another room,
for it served as a resting place, a storeroom, a place to dry clothes out of the
How might the ideas about housing that people brought from Spain
make adapting to a new environment more difficult?
Enclosure 7
Economics affected a homeowner's choice of building materials and the size
of the house. Most residents of Spanish colonial St Augustine were soldiers
stationed at the Castillo. They were paid irregularly by the Governor,
dependent on the arrival of supply ships. Most of them had secondary trade
or artisan skills that could earn extra pay when off duty.
Following Drake's burning of the town in 1702, the government offered aid to
enable householders to regain or even surpass his pre-1702 status. The
assistance touched almost every family in St. Augustine, because the
Governor used government personnel to obtain the materials that people
needed for building. Financial aid in response to citizens claims, though slow,
was of great importance. Quite likely, the government also furnished
technical help in the form of royal engineers, construction superintendents,
and master builders in various trades.
In 1702, after working for many years to build the Castillo of coquina, the
Governor made scrap coquina blocks available for sale to townspeople.
If you were a Castillo soldier, what kind and size of house would you
most likely build?
Enclosure 8
Science/Technology and Architecture
Early Spanish carpenters had limited tools available for construction. The first
homes were probably built using a wattle and daub style of construction using
the plentiful native plants, with the addition of a palmetto thatched roof.
After 1690, pit saws produces roughly sawn boards suitable for housing. The
Spanish also learned how to quarry and build with coquina in order to use it
the build a stronger fort.
In pre-Portland cement days, lime was the universal agent in masonry. It was
made by calcinating limestone or seashells. Mixed with sand, it formed the
mortar used to lay up brick or stone. With sand plus an aggregate such as
pebbles or shell, it was tabby, a versatile material much like modern concrete
and suitable for walls, roof and floors. There were lime formulas for rough
work, fine work, plasters, and whitewashes.
Homebuilders learned to burn the oyster shells to create lime, and then mixed
the lime with sand and crushed oyster shells for form a rough kind of concrete
called tabby. Tabby could be used for walls or flooring.
What technology produced the most fire-resistant housing?
The longest lasting?
Enclosure 9


text:
It's no secret that the fate of the public library in America is uncertain, at best. With visitors and funding on the decline for so many libraries, small towns and cities across the country are in danger of losing an institution that serves not only as a hub of information and learning, but as a place to connect and foster a sense of community that, in the digital age, so often seems to be fading.
This picture, made by LIFE photographer Grey Villet in 1971, depicts the library in Saltville, Va., a town that learned some hard lessons about community when the chemical plant that had made so many residents' livelihoods possible for more than 75 years shut down due to its failure to meet newly imposed environmental regulations. The company, Olin Corporation, not only provided employment for many in the town, but also funded local schools, the library and even construction of workers' houses. When Olin left, the town was left to fend for itself, while Saltville's residents had to rebuild the home they thought they knew.
The future didn't look bright — but at least one former employee was confident. "When it closes, oh, I'm sure I'll get a job. Maybe we'll all get jobs somewhere. But the plant will be gone. That's the thing."
Kids will keep going to school, and people will read on their Kindles and Nooks and Kobos. But unless efforts are made to preserve them, our local libraries — places of knowledge, refuge and wonder for generations — one day might be gone. That's the thing.
Ife Olujobi is an undergraduate student at NYU's Tisch School of the Arts studying Dramatic Writing with a minor in Film Production. She is also an editor at the campus newspaper, Washington Square News, and writes frequently about television, film and music.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
As any smoker can tell you, quitting is relatively easy. The hard part is avoiding relapse—the urge to light up weeks or even months after you have supposedly kicked the habit. The patch, the gum and all the other tricks smokers use to get through the first few months are often powerless against those later urges.
That is one reason why an antinicotine vaccine now wending its way through clinical trials has public health officials so excited. Like all vaccines, NicVAX, made by NABI Biopharmaceuticals, works by stimulating the body's immune system to produce antibodies against a certain target—in this case, nicotine. Because immune responses are generally lifelong, the vaccine makers say it could serve as a long-term antismoking aid.
Normally nicotine molecules are small enough to evade detection by the immune system. They are even small enough to slip past the blood-brain barrier and bind to receptors on brain cells, where they trigger a chemical cascade that leads to addiction. NicVAX floods the body with nicotine molecules that have been chemically attached to large, carrier proteins, forcing the immune system to recognize and deploy antibodies against the cigarette ingredient. Then, when ordinary nicotine molecules enter the system, those antibodies bind to them, making them too large to cross the blood-brain barrier.
The vaccine doesn't work for everyone. An earlier trial showed that 16 percent of heavy smokers who were vaccinated and had high antibody levels remained abstinent from cigarettes one year after quitting, compared with 6 percent of the placebo group. Those who produced high antibodies but did not quit cut their smoking in half, from around 20 cigarettes a day to 10.
Results from wider, or "phase III," trials are expected as early as September. For these studies, researchers recruited 1,000 smokers who consume at least 10 cigarettes a day. The volunteers received five to six injections spaced roughly one month apart and were asked to quit after 14 weeks, when around 80 percent of subjects have high antibody levels. (Why 20 percent of subjects fail to produce a high antibody response to the vaccine is unclear.). "The idea is to ensure that when we tell them to quit, they have the tools—the antibodies—to help them," says NABI CEO Raafat E. F. Fahim. He and his team have yet to determine how long patients will need to get shots.
If results from the phase III trials are as good as everyone expects, the vaccine could hit pharmacy shelves soon after. Meanwhile researchers are already at work on other antiaddiction vaccines, including one against cocaine that employs the same strategy as NicVAX.


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text:
Little Johnny walked in one day on his daddy in the bathroom. He asked his father what that was hanging between his legs. His father replied that it was the perfect penis. The next day at school, Johnny pulled his pants down in front of his classmates.
''What's that?'' asked Jenny.
''Well,'' said Johnny, ''if it was about 3 inches smaller, it would be the perfect penis.'''


text:
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Journal of the South African Veterinary Association
On-line version ISSN 2224-9435
Print version ISSN 1019-9128
J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. vol.81 n.2 Pretoria Jan. 2010
Changes in Mithun (Bos frontalis) spermatozoa during epididymal passage
H K BhattacharyyaI,*; K M BujarbaruahII; B K GoswamiIII; R K BiswasIV; I KhanV
ITeaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama-Alusteng, Srinagar - 190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
IIAnimal Sciences, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi - 110 001, India
IIILakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Azad, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
IVDepartment of Gynecology, Obstetrics and A.I., College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara, Guwahati - 781022, Assam, India
VFaculty of Fisheries, Shuhama-Alusteng, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Genital organs of 10 healthy, adult Mithun bulls (6-8 years old) that were slaughtered at the dwellings of tribal people for meat were collected. Immediately after collection, spermatozoa from 3 different regions of the epididymis, i.e. the head, body and tail, were obtained to study morphological changes of the spermatozoa during passage through these regions. The prevalence of proximal cytoplasmic droplets significantly decreased from the head to the tail of the epididymis. Conversely, the percentage of distal cytoplasmic droplets increased significantly from the head to the tail region. The incidence of tailless heads rose significantly from head to body and then reduced significantly in the tail region. The percentage of total head abnormalities did, however, not change markedly, but total mid-piece and tail abnormalities differed significantly between the three epididymal regions.
Keywords: epididymal passage, male reproduction, Mithun, sperm morphology.
The Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a semi-wild bovid13. The World Conservation Monitoring Cell lists this 'ceremonial ox' of northeastern mountainous regions of India as endangered. It plays an important role in the socioeconomic life of the tribal communities but is yet to be scientifically studied in detail4. The Mithun is usually kept as a free-ranging animal in forests. Tribal people slaughter the Mithun for its meat, which they consider to be precious.
The number of Mithuns has declined greatly in recent times, creating the need to identify fertile males to use as sires in order to conserve the species. In the bull, the most striking morphological change in the spermatozoa during their passage through epididymis is the migration of the cytoplasmic droplet from the proximal to the distal end of the mid-piece9,12. Other changes have also been described3,8. Knowing the morphological changes in spermatozoa during epididymal passage in the Mithun will help define semen quality in the species. Thus the present study examines morphological changes as the spermatozoa pass through the epididymis.
The present study was conducted in the National Research Centre on Mithun (NRCM), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Nagaland, India. Genital organs of 10 healthy, adult Mithun bulls aged 6-8 years were collected from the dwellings of tribal people when they sacrificed them during marriage ceremonies. The animals were found to be in good health and no physical abnormalities were noticed pre-or post-slaughter. Different parts of the external and internal genitalia were also free of gross pathological changes.
The study was conducted from January to mid June. Maximum and minimum temperatures varied between 21.0 and 9.4 ºC in January and between 30.0 and 25.71 ºC in June. Monthly rainfall was 9.4-289.5 mm and relative humidity 72.5-83.8%. Immediately after collection the genital organs were transported to the laboratory in normal saline solution at 37 ºC. The epididymis was dissected from the testis and epididymal fluid was obtained by incision with a scalpel followed by gentle pressure on the central part of each of three regions of the epididymis, namely the head, body and tail. The epididymal fluid containing spermatozoa from these regions was suspended separately in buffered formal saline. The suspended fluid was further suitably diluted in buffered formal saline to facilitate the study of sperm characteristics, namely proximal cyotoplasmic droplets, distal cyotoplasmic droplets, tailless heads and mid-piece and tail abnormalities, using a phase contrast microscope. Sperm head abnormalities were studied under oil immersion (×100) using a light microscope. The epididymal fluid suspension was used to prepare the thin smears stained with Carbol-fuchsin-eosin stain17,11. Hundreds of spermatozoa per region of each epididymis were examined. The Mann-Whitney test was used to test for differences between the right and left parts of the epididymis, while the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to test for differences between the head, body and tail of the epididymis.
As the spermatozoa pass through the epididymis there is a successive and significant reduction in the prevalence of proximal cyotoplasmic droplets between the head, body and tail, and droplets were virtually absent in the tail (Table 1). On the other hand, the prevalence of distal cyotoplasmic droplets increased significantly in succession in the 3 epididymal regions. The occurrence of tailless heads rose significantly from head to body and then decreased significantly in the tail region (Table 1). Percentage of total sperm head abnormalities did not differ significantly between the 3 regions. Abnormalities of the mid-piece and tail were absent in the head and increased significantly from there to the body and further to the tail. No significant difference was found between the right and left parts of the epididymis.
The increase in the prevalence of distal cytoplasmic droplets from the head to the tail regions of the epididymis corresponds to the migration process of the cytoplasmic droplet from a proximal to distal position during epididymal transit. The significant decrease in proximal cytoplasmic droplet and significant increase in distal cyotoplasmic droplet percentages in the spermatozoa from the head to the tail regions of the epididymis was also reported by earlier workers in bulls1, rams2, boars16 and goats15. The finding in the current study that the prevalence of tailless spermatozoa is higher in the body of the epididymis than in the head or tail is similar to that of Rao14, who showed a higher prevalence in the distal part of the head compared to the tail. Since the neck region of spermatozoa is vulnerable and fragile, the sperm head can become detached from the mid-piece with the initiation of motility, which takes place at the base of the sperm head5. Spermatozoa acquire motility between the head and tail of the epididymis and hence the scope for detachment of the head of the spermatozoa could be greatest in the lower head or body, which might explain the significantly higher incidence of tailless heads in the body region. The significant reduction in the incidence of tailless heads in the tail could be attributed to the dissolution and liquefaction3 or phagocytosis within the tail epididymis. In agreement with the current study showing no effect of epididymal passage on the prevalence of sperm head abnormalities, Igboeli10 observed that the prevalence of sperm head abnormalities is also similar in the head and tail of the epididymis of domestic bulls. The present finding in respect of tail abnormalities is in general agreement with observations of earlier workers2,6 that most of the tail abnormalities arise after the spermatozoa leave the testis. Cury and Vinha7 also reported that the incidence of tail abnormalities increased with the passage of spermatozoa through the epididymis. The increase in the percentage of mid-piece and abnormalities in the tail compared to the body could be ascribed to the exposure of the spermatozoa to varying biochemical microenvironments during their passage through the epididymis that might influence the development of sperm tail abnormalities. The present study revealed that the changes in sperm characteristics during epididymal passage in Mithun bulls are similar to those previously recorded in bulls but with some variation.
The authors are grateful to the Director, NRCM, ICAR, Jharnapani, Nagaland, for providing facilities.
1. Amann R P, Almquist J O 1962 Reproductive capacity of dairy bulls. VII. Morphology of epididymal sperm. Journal of Dairy Science 45: 1516-1526 [ Links ]
2. Amann R P, Hay S R, Hammerstedt R H 1982 Yield, characteristics, motility and cAMP content of sperm isolated from seven regions of ram epididymis. Biology of Reproduction 27: 723-733 [ Links ]
3. Amann R P, Almquist J O 1962 Reproductive capacity of dairy bulls. VI. Effect of unilateral vasectomy and ejaculation frequency on sperm reserves; aspects of epididymal physiology. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 3: 260-268 [ Links ]
4. Bhattacharyya H K, Rafiqul Islam, Bujarbaruah K M 2005 Mithun: a unique large ruminant of northeastern India. Livestock International 9: 22-23 [ Links ]
5. Bhosrekar M R 1990 Semen production and artificial insemination (2nd edn). Privately published, Alahabad, India [ Links ]
6. Blom E 1950 Interpretation of spermatic cytology in bulls. Journal of Fertility and Sterility 1: 223-238 [ Links ]
7. Cury L T, Vinha N A 1982 Changes in the morphology of goat spermatozoa during their passage through the epididymis. Arquivos da Escola de Veterinaria da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 34: 267-271 (cf. Animal Breeding Abstract 51: 310) [ Links ]
8. Gustafson B 1966 Luminal contents of the bovine epididymis under conditions of reduced spermatogenesis, luminal blockage and certain sperm abnormalities. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 7: Suppl. 17 [ Links ]
9. Hancock J I 1955 The disintegration of bull spermatozoa. Veterinary Record 67: 825-826 [ Links ]
10. Igboeli G 1968 Bull and rabbit testes and epididymal spermatozoa at normal and body temperatures studied with the aid of ligatures, PhD thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York [ Links ]
11. Lagerlof N 1934. Morphologische Untersuchungen uber Veranderungen in spermatobild und in den Hoden Bei Bullen mit Verminderter order aufgehobener. Fertilitat Acta Pathology Microbiology Scandinavian Suppl: 1-19 [ Links ]
12. Nicander I 1958 Studies on the regional histology and cytochemistry of the ductus epididymis in stallions, rams and bulls. Acta Morphology Nederland Scandinavia 1: 337-362 [ Links ]
13. Pathak N N, Barua K K 1980 The Mithun of Nagaland and Arunachal. Science Report 17: 483 [ Links ]
14. Prasad C S, Reddy J M 2000 Morphological changes of goat spermatozoa during epididymal transit. Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction 21: 27-29 [ Links ]
15. Rao A R 1971 Changes in the morphology of sperm during their passage through the genital tract in bulls with normal and impaired spermatogenesis. PhD thesis, Royal Veterinary College, Stockholm, Sweden [ Links ]
16. Wekerle L, Szollosi E, Sarlos P, Schnaider L 1984 Morphological examination of sperm cells obtained from the testes and epididymis of boars. Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja 40: 663-666 (cf. Animal Breeding Abstract 54: 53-56) [ Links ]
17. Williams W W 1920 Technique of collecting semen for laboratory examination with a review of several diseased bulls. Cornell Veterinarian 10: 87-94 [ Links ]
Received: September 2008.
Accepted: June 2009.
* Author for correspondence. E-mail: email@example.com


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The smile was proven the most important physical feature when it comes to attraction between men and women. A smile was rated the highest (56%), beating face (53%) eyes (51%) and body shape.
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In the mini state of Dubai, home to 600 hotels of which 65 are 5 stars or higher, it will take a lot more to impress guests than a simple bottle of wine or free Wi-Fi in their room. How about a hot tub with a view of 65,000 bright fish in a subtropical lagoon? Or perhaps a dining table at a ski slope while the outside temperature rises above 40 degrees?
Robert De Niro, Antonio Banderas, Lily Allen and Naomi Campbell – they all stayed at Atlantis, one of Dubai's mega hotels. It took 2 years to build at a cost of 1.2 billion euros. During the extravagant inauguration in 2008, 25 million euros in fireworks were set off in 15 minutes. Critics stated that this would be the downturn for the Dubai hotel boom. However, this has not yet been the case and the hotels in Dubai still boast the highest occupancy rates in the world.


text:
If you're looking for a bargain on the market right now, take a look at closed-end mutual funds, and especially at some of the closed-end funds that invest in bonds.
In the wake of recent turmoil, including last week's flirtation with default in Washington, many of these funds have tumbled to surprisingly large discounts to the value of their underlying assets.
That's according to the sharp-eyed Cecilia Gondor, chief investment officer of Thomas J. Herzfeld Advisors, the closed-end fund specialists in Miami.
Closed-end funds are regulated mutual funds which you buy on the stock market. Unlike other funds, they issue a fixed number of shares which then trade like stocks. That means the share price can sometimes fluctuate wildly above or below the underlying value of the fund—meaning investors can sometimes buy $1 worth of assets for 95 cents or less.
Today a number of high-quality funds are trading at 90 cents on the dollar or less.
Gondor says the funds began selling off in late May, when Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke spooked bond investors by warning that the Fed would soon begin winding down, or "tapering," its support for the bond market.
Bond prices fell on the news. Closed-end bond funds fell even further, because many of them are leveraged, meaning that they borrow some money to buy extra investments. And the shares of closed-ends fell further still because the market for closed-end funds is dominated by retail investors, who are often prone to panic in a selloff.
A year ago many of these funds were so fashionable that investors were willing to pay $1.10 or more for each dollar of assets—a crazy bet.
Today, they're on sale.
"As much as investors loved bond funds a year ago," says Gondor, "now they don't want to touch them with a 10-foot pole."
Gondor notes the average closed-end fund investing in taxable bonds now trades at a 7.5% discount to net assets (in other words, you're paying 92.5 cents per dollar of assets in the fund), and the funds that invest in tax-free municipals trade at an average 7.7% discount.
She names five funds that the Herzfeld firm particularly likes.
Two are regular, taxable-bond funds. The first is Putnam High Income Securities PCF, +0.00% , which invests in corporate debt rated below investment grade. This includes a lot of convertible bonds and some "preferred stocks," which are effectively perpetual bonds. Most of the bonds are rated a semi-respectable BBB or BB, and most mature within five to nine years, so the interest-rate and inflation risk isn't too bad. The fund trades at a thumping 12% discount, at 88 cents on the dollar, and sports a distribution yield of 5.8%.
The second, First Trust Mortgage Income FMY, -0.17% , invests in mortgage-backed bonds. With the improvement in the housing market, the default risks of such bonds should be diminishing. Most are rated investment grade. The fund trades at a 12% discount, or under 88 cents on the dollar, and sports a hefty distribution yield of 6.6%.
The next three are municipal funds. Many muni bonds have tumbled amid the panic over Detroit, Puerto Rico and so on, but Gondor notes that underlying fundamentals for many municipalities are actually improving. Gondor highlights Nuveen Dividend Advantage Municipal Income NVG, -2.75% , with a tax-free distribution yield of 5.2%, Nuveen Dividend Advantage NZF, -2.70% , with a tax-free yield of 5.5%, and Dreyfus Municipal Bond Infrastructure DMB, -0.28% , with a distribution yield of 7.3%. All three trade at around 89 cents on the dollar.
There are plenty of other discounts among closed-end funds. I'd give a shout-out to two others I've mentioned before: Western Asset/Claymore Inflation-Linked Securities & Income WIA, -0.61% and Inflation-Linked Opportunities WIW, -0.09% . Both own inflation-protected Treasury bonds and now trade at thumping 15% discounts to net assets, or around 85 cents on the dollar. Bill Gates is a big investor in both, and Gondor says both funds, which are run by a division of fund company Legg Mason, are well-run. Both offer managed annual distributions equal to about 3.4% of the fund's value.
Inflation-protected bonds, when bought at a reasonable price, can be an excellent investment for many investors, especially those at or near retirement. They are backed by the U.S. government, so you will get your principal back, and they offer protection against rising prices as well.


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Tempeh "crabcakes," vegan of course, are a perfect snack for any time of the day or night. What's more, they are beautiful to look at and taste much better than any crabcake ever did, at least to my tastebuds.
Tempeh, which has a chewy texure, is a perfect substitute for crabmeat. It is also protein-rich and really good for you.
One of the ways in which I add a seafood flavor to my vegan tempeh "crab cakes" is by using Old Bay seasoning which is completely vegan and which gives the recipe just that bit of a kick that lifts it above the ordinary. You can leave it out if you prefer. I sometimes snip any seaweed I have on hand into the "crabcake" batter, which further adds an authentic seafood flavor, but I didn't have any this time so I went without. They still turned out delicious.
I also used vegan "mayonnaise" which is made with canola oil and makes a great and healthier substitute for regular mayo. Like tempeh, it is pretty easy to find in natural food stores. I get mine from Whole Foods.
So here they are, my vegan "crabcakes": crispy on the outside, soft on the inside, and totally delicious.
Tempeh Crab Cakes
- 1 package tempeh (8 oz), grated fine or crumbled into small bits
- 2-4 tbsp vegan mayonnaise (use more if needed to ensure the batter holds together when formed into cakes)
- 1/2 medium onion , minced
- 1 tbsp grated ginger
- 2 tbsp coriander leaves , chopped
- 1/2 cup whole-wheat breadcrumbs
- 1 heaping tbsp Old Bay seasoning
- 1 tsp chili powder , like cayenne or paprika
- 1-2 tbsp oil for shallow-frying the "crabcakes"
- Mix all the ingredients together in a bowl. The mixture should hold together when formed into a cake. If it doesn't, add some more breadcrumbs and mayonnaise. (Update: a couple of people who tried these said they had trouble getting the crabcakes to hold together. I'd advise pulsing a few times in a food processor. Also these are delicate so don't make them too big. Mine were just over an inch in diameter. Be gentle when you flip them over.)
- In a non-stick or cast-iron skillet, heat the oil
- Take about a 1-inch ball of the batter and flatten it slightly.
- Place as many cakes as possible into the skillet without overcrowding them. If you put too many in, they will steam and turn soggy instead of getting that beautiful golden-brown crust.
- Turn after 1-2 minutes, once the underside is thoroughly browned. Cook the other side.
- Serve hot, either by themselves or in a chapati or tortilla wrap smeared with some more mayonnaise. You can also add tomatoes or other veggies like cucumber or lettuce.
- Enjoy!
This recipe goes to Mansi's Healthy Cooking event.


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A 4-year 10-month-old female was referred to the pediatric sleep clinic for intermittent snoring with periods of observed gasping. She underwent adenoidectomy at 3 years 11 months, after which nasal congestion, snoring, and increased nighttime awakenings again recurred. Parents reported neck hyperextension, frequent mouth breathing, and daytime sleepiness, in addition to restless sleep. She frequently came to sleep in parents' bed, and mother noted intermittent episodes of hyperextension of arms and legs with associated tremors but not tonic-clonic activity.
She was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder after a developmental evaluation for delayed social skills. She was born full term via C-section without complications due to breech presentation. She has no history of seizures or other neurological disorders nor a family history of seizures. However family history was significant for snoring in parents and half-brother with learning disability and tic disorder. Prior trials of antihistamines resulted in daytime sedation, and steroidal nasal sprays were associated with behavior issues.
Examination showed a cooperative quiet girl with height and weight appropriate for age. She was noted to have frequent mouth breathing. On oropharyngeal exam, tonsils were graded 2-3+. Moderate nasal congestion without obvious turbinate hypertrophy was noted. Cardiorespiratory and neurologic exam were normal.
Patient underwent an overnight polysomnogram. Evaluation of the respiratory component noted mild supine dependent sleep apnea, with an RDI of 4.6, and supine RDI of 8.4 with lowest oxygen saturation of 96%. On the accompanying EEG, the following was noted (see Figure 1).
(A) 30-second epoch showing EEG abnormality in the right central lead prior to sleep onset. (B) 30-second epoch soon after sleep onset with increased frequency of spike discharges in right central region during NREM sleep. LEOG AND REOG, left and respectively right outer cantus electro-oculography electrodes; F3-M2, C3-M2 and O1-M2, left frontal, central and respectively, occipital electroencephalography electrodes; F4-M1, C4-M1 and O2-M1, right frontal, central and respectively, occipital electroencephalography electrodes; Chin EMG, submental electromyography signal; ECG II, one standard electrocardiogram lead; TFLOW, the airflow via nasal/oral thermocouples; PFLOW, the airflow via nasal air pressure transducer; CHEST and ABDO, chest and respectively abdominal walls motion via inductive plethysmography; SpO2, the pulse oximetry by finger probe; PLETH, plethysmographic waveform; POSITION, S = Supine
30-second epochs prior to and after sleep onset. (A) 30-second epoch showing EEG abnormality in the right central lead prior to sleep onset. (B) 30-second epoch soon after sleep onset with increased frequency of spike discharges in right central region during NREM sleep. LEOG AND REOG, left and respectively right outer...
(more ...)
QUESTION: What do the findings on the EEG (Figure 1) represent?
ANSWER: Recurrent centro-temporal spikes seen on EEG during wakefulness but increased in NREM sleep are suggestive of benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE) or benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS).
Epileptiform discharges are found in 1% to 2% of pediatric polysomnograms, and incidence may be higher in those with sleep disordered breathing.1,4 Additionally, children with autism spectrum disorders are at an increased risk of seizures with epileptiform abnormalities reported on EEG in 10% to 50% of cases.2 Centrotemporal spikes seen on EEG in children between 3 and 13 years of age is typical of BRE. Peak age of onset for BRE is 5-8 years with a male predominance. Seizures in BRE present with unilateral facial or oropharyngeal muscle involvement, hypersalivation, speech arrest and sometimes tonic-clonic activity. They are usually brief, lasting for 1-2 minutes often occurring during sleep or just before awakening, but may become secondarily generalized.5 Remission is usually within 2-4 years of onset and often by adolescence. The overall total number of seizures is also small, with the majority of patients having less than 10 seizures; 10% to 20% have only a single seizure.5 Some patients may not have seizures, and this case study emphasizes the need for EEG findings to be correlated with clinical history.
EEG evaluation is the primary tool for diagnosis with unilateral or bilateral centro-temporal spikes, seen during wakefulness and markedly accentuated by NREM sleep. The EEG evaluation should include an overnight EEG, prolonged daytime EEG to capture sleep, or a polysomnogram with additional bilateral EEG electrodes for a definitive diagnosis. Only those with cognitive impairment, very frequent epileptiform discharges on EEG, and history of generalized seizures are generally treated.5 Such patients should undergo neurological evaluation.
Epileptiform discharges are found in 1% to 2% of pediatric polysomnograms and are seen at a markedly higher frequency in autism spectrum disorders.
Focal centro-temporal spike wave discharges on the EEG are suggestive of benign rolandic epilepsy.
Neurological evaluation is recommended in patients with non-sleep related nocturnal paroxysmal events.
Polysomnography with an extended EEG montage along with video recording is recommended for evaluation of paroxysmal nighttime awakenings that may be seizure related.3
This was not an industry supported study. The authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.
Matthews CKB; Maganti R. Four-year-old girl with abnormal EEG on routine overnight polysomnogram for snoring and behavioral issues. J Clin Sleep Med 2014;10(1):109-110.
Capdeila O, Dayyat E, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Gozal D, authors. Prevalence of epileptiform activity in healthy children during sleep. Sleep Med. 2008;9:303–9. [PubMed]
Gabis L, Pomeroy J, Andriola MR, authors. Autism and epilepsy: Cause, consequence, comorbidity, or coincidence? Epilepsy Behav. 2005;7:652–6. [PubMed]
Kushida CA, Littner MR, Morganthaler T, et al., authors. Practice parameters for the indications for polysomnography and related procedures: an update for 2005. Sleep. 2005;28:499–521. [PubMed]
Miano S, Bachiller C, Gutiérrez M, Salcedo A, Villa MP, Peraita-Adrados R, authors. Paroxysmal activity and seizures associated with sleep breathing disorder in children: a possible overlap between diurnal and nocturnal symptoms. Seizure. 2010;19:547–52. [PubMed]
Panayiotopoulos CP, author. Benign childhood focal seizures and related epileptic syndromes. The epilepsies: seizures, syndromes and management. 2005. Oxfordshire (UK): Bladon Medical Publishing. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2598/.


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Welcome to EarthTurns
Without digestive enzymes it is impossible for your body to absorb all the necessary nutrients found in food. This means that with every meal your body can be missing important nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and amino acids. Every biochemical reaction that happens in the body is because of enzymes, and without enzymes the liver, immune system, blood, spleen, pancreas, and the kidneys cannot function properly.
Enzymes Supreme by E3Live will ensure you get the most out of the food you consume. Don't let another meal go by without getting all you can out of it!
Today's diet is dominated by processed foods, and the more processed foods you consume the less enzymes can be found in your digestive system. This means the food that you eat directly affects digestion. If you have a diet that contains processed foods you need E3 Enzymes Supreme to be able to properly digest the food you consume.
Without the proper enzymes you are actually making yourself more susceptible to illness since you are not digesting all of the nutrients your body needs.
E3 Enzymes Supreme is made in America to ensure quality, purity, and safety.
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Suggested Use: For digestion, take 2 capsules or more 15 minutes before each meal. When used for body cleansing, take 3 capsules, 3 times per day on an empty stomach either 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. Store in a cool dry place, no refrigeration necessary.
Important: Drink plenty of pure water throughout the day. If you have ulcers, are pregnant or nursing, consult your healthcare practitioner prior to use. Do not use if safety seal is broken.
Other Ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose (310 mg), rice bran (12.5 mg), vegetable cellulose capsule (hypromellose HPMC, water)
Gluten Free and Vegetarian
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text: Russia coach Vladimir Kuzyutkin:"It was a very tough match, but we knew it would be beforehand. And we knew how important this match would be and how significant it would be to our progress in the competition. The decisive factor was not about tactics but about delivering our own style of Volleyball. I have to congratulate the Poland team and I have to congratulate my players."Russia captain Maria Borodakova:"We prepared very well for the match against Poland and although it was tough in the third set, those preparations helped us to win today. Our strategy is a secret, but we did work on dealing with (Poland's) Malgorzata Glinka-Mogentale."Poland coach Jerzy Matlak:"I haven't seen such a good performance from Russia for a couple of years. Perhaps in the first and second sets my players were afraid to attack them and our performance was not as good as it should have been. In the third set we played well, but the Russians also did very well."Of course, we (still) believe and hope that we can advance to the semi-finals and win our last two matches. The teams in this round – with the exception of Russia, who are dominant – all play at a similar level. It was difficult to judge what the result of this round would be because every team has shown they are capable of beating the others."Poland player Milena Sadurek:"Congratulations to Russia. Our play was terrible in the first and second sets. We only showed how we can play in the third set. Now we have to concentrate on our next games against Turkey and China."


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Nursing Long Sleeve Shirt Blueberry - Medium
This long-sleeve nursing shirt in soft organic cotton is a must-have for everyday comfort and breastfeeding ease. Hip length. 95% Organic cotton with 5% Lycra. How it works: the nursing tops feature a double layer fabric overlap over the bust, allowing for discreet and comfortable nursing. The opening is simply pushed aside with one hand, leaving the other one free to hold your baby. The idea of Boob was born on a cold, windy day in the Autumn of 1999. Mia Seipel was watching her sister nurse her newborn son, her waist bare to the icy northern wind when a new idea was born. Boob is designed to make you look and feel great all the way from pregnacy, through nursing and beyond. All the garments are produced with a lot of care: from the design, function, fabric to the less obvious, manufacturing, fair wages, and minimizing environmental footprint. Boob products are made in Europe, in factories that comply with high standards of worker's rights, health and safety in the work place and elimination of discrimination and forced labor. Cotton jersey is certified with OEKO-Tex, guaranteeing organic cotton completely free of toxins--kind to you and kind to nature. Awards include: Excellent Swedish Design Award 2001 GWIIN Top Ten Female Innovators Award 2003 Entrepreneur of the Year, by Veckans Affarer 2007
by Hope
I received this top a few days ago in the mail and immediately washed it so I could wear it the following day. Just as expected, I love it. I also have a black v-neck and it's just as comfortable! I will say that this style seems a bit more snug than the black v-neck, but it still fits well for an xs. The color is lovely. The neckline is a beautiful and modest scoop neck, but I prefer to call it a ballerina neckline because the look is so much more delicate and gradual than a typical scoop neckline. Definitely will be purchasing another in a different color soon. See all reviews for Nursing Long Sleeve Shirt »
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Ratio Theatre Company and its title sponsor Home Instead Senior Care present its first fundraiser titled �Dancing with the New Bern Stars� on Saturday at the Sudan Shrine Center in New Bern.
Ratio Theatre Company and its title sponsor Home Instead Senior Care present its first fundraiser titled �Dancing with the New Bern Stars� on Saturday at the Sudan Shrine Center in New Bern.
The show is featured as fun night of dinner and dancing, catered by The Flame Restaurant, with live dance music by the Starlight Dance Orchestra.
The highlight is a ballroom dance competition between announced community celebrity star dancers Rip Taggart, Linda Staunch, Gay Price and Nelson McDaniel.
New Bern Mayor Lee Bettis will not be dancing in the event, Ratio Managing Director Andrea Owens said.
Staunch is a well-known community leader with a public relations and marketing company, and also hosts �Around Town� on C-TV 10. She was instrumental in the successful New Bern 300th celebration.
McDaniel is a retired teacher, noted local historian and president of the New Bern Historical Association.
Price is a stylist and owner of Tangles & Knots Studio hair salon.
Taggart is a nonprofit management consultant with RND Support. He is actively involved with a number of nonprofits, most visibly on stage with New Bern Civic Theatre and RiverTowne Players.
From 7 to 10 p.m., the event will pattern the popular ABC television show �Dancing with the Stars,� now finishing its 11th season.
Rivertowne Ballroom has partnered with Ratio and has provided the choreography and training for the competitors.
The four celebrities, having little or no dance experience, have been paired with professional dance instructors for 10 hours of dance lessons.
The dancers will be reviewed by a panel of expert judges and a local celebrity and they have been gathering votes in the form of donations to support Ratio in order to take the top prize home.
All proceeds from this flashy fundraiser will support Ratio�s efforts to provide professional theater performances and arts education for children and adults.
The public can vote for performers on the web: ratiotheatre.org
Tickets for the dinner dance and competition are $55 or a table sponsorship for eight is $450. Tickets are available at the Ratio website or at the box office, 901 Pollock St., New Bern.
The Presenting Sponsor is Elite Feet Shoe Store.
Ratio Theatre Company is a nonprofit professional theater company with its main stage shows at the Cullman Performance Hall as part of the Tryon Palace Performing Arts series.
For more information, call 626-0358.


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Our Mission
10,000 Friends of Pennsylvania is the leading statewide voice for great places to live and work. We work with citizens, organizations and public officials to create land use, infrastructure and governance policies and practices that protect our resources and…
The Academy of Natural Sciences was founded in 1812 "for the encouragement and cultivation of the sciences, and the advancement of useful learning." Drexel University was founded in 1891 to offer students of all races, religions, genders, and social classes an…READ MORE
AECOM is a provides professional technical and management support services to both public and private sector clients with projects. Services relate to areas including transportation design, water, environmental services, facilities construction, disaster response and governmental assistance.READ MORE
Founded in 1869, AIA Philadelphia is among the oldest and most distinguished of AIA Chapters, with a long history of service to members and the public. AIA Philadelphia organizes architects in the region for the purpose of advancing their influence in shaping the built environment, and their…READ MORE
American Communities Trust (ACT) is a national community development partner dedicated to "building social impact" in urban and low-income communities across the U.S. Founded in 2008, ACT focuses on the nexus of social-impact real estate, impact investment, and community benefits in…READ MORE
Based in Washington, D.C., the AIA has been the leading professional membership association for licensed architects, emerging professionals, and allied partners since 1857.
With nearly 300 state and local chapters, the AIA serves as the voice of the architecture profession…READ MORE
The Museum of the American Revolution will chronicle the full sweep of the war—the deadly struggle between British and American forces as well as the growth of the idea of independence.
A Revolutionary Experience
The award-winning exhibit firm MFM Design is…READ MORE
Founded more than thirty years ago, Andropogon is committed to the principle of "designing with nature," creating beautiful and evocative landscapes inspired by the careful observation of natural processes and informed by the best environmental science. The elegance and economy of…READ MORE
Founded in 1972, the centennial of the first Arbor Day observance in the 19th century, the Foundation has grown to become the largest nonprofit membership organization dedicated to planting trees, with over one million members, supporters, and valued partners.
The impact…READ MORE


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Multi-nation military base offers Afghans a lesson on getting along
The very nature of the exotically multinational force at Camp Marmal in northern Afghanistan seems to mock the notion that war makes any sense.
Of the 17 nations represented here, the main northern base for the NATO-led coalition in Afghanistan, most were at war with at least one of the others at one time or another. There are troops here who tried hard to kill each other in the former Yugoslavia. Several who were rivals during the Cold War are present, as are forces that fought on opposite sides in both world wars. Some can trace their enmity back much further. Who, after all, could forget the war between Sweden and Norway in 1814?
Well, apparently the Swedes and Norwegians can. And that's one of the messages of this base, in a country where ethnic and tribal rivalries are a source of tension and violence.
"This is the example I am always giving to the Afghans if they are having some problems with ethnicity in some quarrels they are having," said German Maj. Gen. Jorg Vollmer, the commanding officer of all coalition forces in the north. "I tell them, look, my father and my grandfather were fighting in World War I and World War II against the Americans and French, and now we're serving together here in one mission. And 20 years ago, we had the war in Yugoslavia, and we have officers who served here who were on both sides, so surely you can overcome your problems."
Forty-nine countries contribute troops to the international coalition, but nowhere else in Afghanistan is that more obvious than at Camp Marmal, where 6,000 foreign troops are based. A little more than half are Germans, the rest are in a variety of strengths, with one lone officer representing Turkey.
"You can see it the minute you drive onto the base," said Stephen Olsen, who acts as a spokesman for the Norwegian contingent. "The Mongolians are working security at the gate, then you drive onto this base with all this infrastructure built by the Germans, and you see all these troops from other countries, too."
Many of the forces represented here have been working together in oft-shifting roles and combinations for years as the mission has evolved from fighting to fighting side by side with Afghan forces as they trained them and now mainly to mentoring and training. Some of the forces have been moved from one end of the country to the other; some have been here for much of the war.
Now they're working on drawing down their numbers, as the coalition's combat role is due to end next year. It's a bit complicated, with every country having its own concerns. Even the loan of a single piece of equipment used to move shipping containers at a base in Kunduz that's being collapsed into Marmal required a bilateral agreement between the Netherlands and Germany, for example.
But overcoming the differences is mainly a matter of remembering that everyone in the camp has the same kinds of problems, said Lt. Col. Samdangekeg Sandagsuren, the commander of the Mongolian contingent.
"There are sometimes a language barrier or a cultural problem, but usually if there is some issue, it happens once only, and we are all able to work it out," he said, sipping hot salted milk and nibbling pungent dried chips of a kind of dried yogurt while seated in a ger, or yurt, that the Mongolians built for social events.
In the recreation building next door, a flat-screen television boasts what's likely the only hookup to Mongolian TV in all of Afghanistan.
Dutch troops languidly pedal down to their jet hangars on bikes that deployed with them. Their commander boasts of a one-to-one bike-to-troop ratio, and large numbers of similarly bike-loving Germans also use two wheels to get around.
The Germans' dining hall serves pickled fish, dumplings and a host of variations on cabbage and pork, all on china. Everyone is welcome at the Norwegian post exchange store, which offers a startling array of European cookies and smokeless tobacco.
And no place inhabited by Germans and Belgians would be complete without beer. They and troops from a few other nations whose regulations allow it may buy two cans per night, much to the envy of U.S. troops, who can only watch from a courtyard called the Atrium at the center of several nightspots and sip near-beer.
Usually troops from a given nation stick together when they're off-duty. But they all take advantage of the variety, of moving between the high-quality German chow hall, with its espresso bar, and the less-buttoned-down American, with its wider variety of choices. While the Norwegian chow hall is by invitation only, everyone is welcome at the Norwegians' four "beach" volleyball courts and artificially surfaced soccer field .
Within the base, the 100 or so Norwegians have their own area, which they call Camp Nidaros, after a famous cathedral in Norway, and share with about 200 other troops including Swedes, Finns, Latvians and Americans.
The searing Afghan summers apparently aren't toasty enough for the heat-loving Scandinavians. Not only do they have three sun decks at Nidaros, but the Finns also have saunas.
The arrangement probably wouldn't be possible if many of the nations weren't already part of NATO, several commanders from various countries said.
That's because the standard language for NATO operations is English, which cuts down on confusion, and the NATO countries use similar equipment and communications standards.
Still, even the most experienced soldiers on the base sometimes marvel at its diversity.
"I would never have thought when I became an officer candidate in the '70s, during the last century and during the Cold War, that one day I would be together with a Hungarian chief of staff here in Afghanistan," Vollmer said. "It was just unthinkable at that time."
CORRECTION: A story on the many nationalities of troops stationed at Camp Marmal in Afghanistan misspelled the first name of a Mongolian officer, Lt. Col. Samdangeleg Sandagsuren.


text: BUSINESS: Labs Top Labs Show Agility in 2011 By Andrew Karp Monday, October 17, 2011 12:00 AM RELATED CONTENT Top Labs Profiles Top Labs Performance Analysis Top Labs That Made News in 2011 Top 5 Supplier-Owned Lab Networks Ranking Top 25 Independent Wholesale Labs Ranking Top 25 Independent Labs at a Glance Top Labs Methodology View a pdf of this year's top labs 2011 View a pdf of last year's top labs 2010 View a pdf of 2009's top labs By Andrew Karp: Group Editor, Lenses + Technology NEW YORK—The ability to be agile in response to changing market conditions is a necessity for any business, but it's crucially important for wholesale laboratories, the vital link between optical suppliers and eyecare professionals. Fortunately, the optical industry's biggest, most influential labs are up to the task. According to new data from VM's 2011 Top Labs Report, the biggest independent and supplier-owned wholesaler laboratories are adapting to meet the changing needs of the independent eyecare professionals (ECPs) and retailers that comprise their customer base. Most made at least modest gains this year, and some made significant strides forward. Among the main reasons for growth among VM's Top Labs was the continuing proliferation of digital lenses and lens processing technology. The emergence of more compact and affordable digital surfacing equipment has allowed even smaller labs to enter the market, which, despite the initial investment required, has proved to be profitable for most labs. Additionally, the advent of private label digital lenses is creating a new revenue stream for digital surfacing labs. VM's Top Labs Report, published annually since 1992, ranks the 30 Top Labs by Rx sales (pairs of prescription lenses produced) and the number of Rx jobs produced per day. It provides a detailed look at the performance of the Top 25 Independent U.S. Wholesale Labs and the Top 5 Supplier-Owned U.S. Wholesale Lab Networks. Retail Gains Fuel Wholesale Growth For the 12 months ended June 30, 2011, independent ECPs and retailers generated $13.9 billion in revenue, out of an industrywide total of $32.2 billion, according to the Vision Council's VisionWatch survey. Compared to dollar revenues from two years ago, independents were up by 2.4 percent in total, spread equally over the past two years. In particular, rising lens and frame sales among independents helped boost revenues for VM's Top Labs. During the same 12-month period, lens sales rose 1.0 percent among independents and frames sales grew by 3.2 percent, an $88 million increase from the year-ago period, according to VisionWatch. Combined net sales for the Top Labs, including both the supplier-owned lab networks and the independent labs are projected to reach $2,209.3 million in 2011, up 4.5 percent from 2010. Total Rx sales will reach a record $1,870.4 million, a 5.3 percent increase over 2010. The Top Labs will collectively produce a total of 131,476 Rx jobs per day, or approximately 32.9 million Rx jobs annually, a 3 percent increase over 2010. Top 5 Supplier-Owned Networks Gains among the Top 5 Supplier-Owned Lab Networks in 2011 is a product of both organic growth and the result of acquisitions (see related story, Top Labs in the News on page 48). Collectively, the Top 5 will generate $1,612 million in total net sales, up 5.5 percent over 2010. Total Rx sales, which is based on the labs' core business of surfacing and finishing prescription lenses and is the basis of the primary ranking of the Top Labs, will total $1,430.7 a 5.8 percent increase over 2010. Rx lenses sales will comprise 91.7 percent of Total Net Sales for the Top 5 Labs, flat with 2010. The number of Rx jobs per day for the Top 5 will climb to 99,600, up 3.4 percent over 2010. The average proportion of uncut lens jobs among the Top 5 is 35 percent, flat with 2010. The Top 5 currently operate a total of 191 individual lab locations versus 193 in 2009. The Top 5 work force consists of 9,119, down 3.4 percent from last year. On an individual basis, 2011 has been a mixed year for the Top 5 Supplier-Owned Wholesale Lab Networks. Essilor and VSP Optical Laboratories grew their Rx sales, while Carl Zeiss Vision Laboratories and Nassau Vision Group Laboratories were down slightly in Rx sales; Hoya Vision Care was even with 2010. Essilor, Hoya and VSP produced more Rx Jobs per day in 2011 than in 2010; Carl Zeiss and Nassau Vision Group fell below last year's levels. The Top 25 Independents Fourteen of the Top 25 Independents will increase their net sales in 2010. Twelve of the Top 25 will increase their Rx sales versus this year, and 13 will increase their Rx jobs per day production. The total aggregate net sales for the Top 25 Independents in 2011 will be $597.3 million, a 2 percent increase over 2010. This continues a rebound from 2009, when net sales for the Top 25 decreased 4.2 percent from the prior year. Total aggregate Rx sales for the Top 25 will climb to $439.7 million, a 3.8 percent increase over 2010 and a 7 percent increase over 2009. Rx sales will account for 93.7 percent of net sales for the Top 25, up 1.6 percent from 2010. Unit sales among the Top 25 will rise to 31,876 Rx jobs per day; the 2.3 percent increase reversed last year's decline from 2009. Uncut lenses, on average, will account for 32.3 percent of Rx jobs produced by the Top 25, down 4.0 percent over 2010. The total number of lab locations operated by the Top 25 will decrease from 79 in 2010 to 76 in 2011. The size of the work force among the Top 25 labs will decrease slightly, from 2,805 in 2010 to 2,774 employees in 2011. The composition of the Top 25 changed significantly in 2011. Winchester Optical, which ranked 19th among the Top 25 Independents in last year's Top Labs Report, was acquired by Essilor, a Top 5 Lab. Additionally, Harbor Optical, which ranked 22nd among the independents last year, was acquired by top ranked Walman Optical. Three labs moved into the Top 25 Independents this year: Eye-Kraft Optical of St. Cloud, Minn., which ranked 23rd, rejoined the group for the first time since 2008. Pinnacle Optical of Birmingham, Ala., and Optic Blue of Lubbock, Texas ranked 24th and 25th, respectively. ■


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Dwarf Fortress is a single-player fantasy game. You can control a dwarven outpost or an adventurer in a randomly generated, persistent world. The world is randomly generated with distinct civilizations spanning over 1000 years of detailed history, dozens of towns, hundreds of caves and regions with various wildlife. Command your dwarves as they search for wealth in the mountain. Play an adventurer and explore, quest for glory or seek vengeance. Extended ASCII character set rendered in 16 colors (including black) as well as 8 background colors (including black). Although Dwarf Fortress is still in a work in progress, many features have already been implemented. Please post all support issues in the forums for the game.
Only registered members can share their thoughts. So come on! Join the community today (totally free - or sign in with your social account on the right) and join in the conversation.
Here's an underground lake with some giant fungus growing nearby. The green marks at the top are "memory map" markings of some giant cave spider cobwebs he passed by on the way to the shore.


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Missing sausage costume recovered
MILWAUKEE, Feb. 28
The missing Klement's racing Italian Sausage costume -- which is featured at Milwaukee Brewers baseball games -- was anonymously dropped off at a Wisconsin bar.
The 7-foot-tall costume, named Guido -- was last seen Feb. 16, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported.
A witness saw the sausage walk out of a fundraiser at the Milwaukee Curling Club's in Cedarburg about 7:45 p.m., Cedarburg police Detective Jeff Vahsholtz said. The Italian sausage was later seen at TJ Ryan's bar in Cedarburg about hour later and also made an appearance around midnight at The Roadhouse Bar and Grill.
Just before 8 p.m. Wednesday, two men -- one wearing a hoodie pulled tight over his face -- dropped the costume off at TJ Ryan's and told staff, "You did not see anything," bartender Jen Mohney said.
"Like I didn't just see two guys plop a sausage on a bar stool," Mohney said, adding that the two left in less than a minute and she immediately called police.
The Famous Klement's Racing Sausages, which also include the Bratwurst, the Polish Sausage, the Hot Dog and the Chorizo, are regularly featured at Brewers games and recently appeared at the team's spring training in Arizona. The Brewers and Klement's each have a set of the costumes.
Remember kids, horrible ethnic stereotypes are A-OK in a food context!


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Herbal remedies have been precipitating wondrous results for thousands of years. So why not try the alternative and walk the way Mother Nature intended.
Choosing the right venue for your wedding celebrations is important and finding the right one for the reception you have in mind is paramount.The link here may help http://www.irishweddingsonline.com/IrishWeddingsOnline/WeddingVenues/
Below are some links to the suppliers area
- Catering Specialists
- Bridal Attire
- Wedding Fireworks
- Wedding Video
- Music & Entertainment
- Honeymoons
- Chair Covers
Duties of Mam & Dad at Weddings
As soon as your daughter/son and her/his fiancé have set a date, sit down with them and discuss how you could be involved in, and contribute to their wedding. By talking this through at the beginning, you will avoid any debate later, when stress and time pressure come into play.
Try not to be upset if they insist on doing everything themselves. One of two things will doubtless happen. Either:
(1) they will soon run out of steam/time/funds/patience and come running to you to take over or b) they will organise everything their way, be radiantly happy on their day and youll be saved from one of the most stressful experiences known to Man (i.e. planning a wedding) …(2)Further information can be found at this link http://www.irishweddingsonline.com/IrishWeddingsOnline/WeddingGuide/1272


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100 Years Ago
Watches and Watchter
From the Laurel social column:
"Mrs. Mayor George W. Waters, Jr. visited relatives in Baltimore during the past week.
"Dr. Millard M. Wachter of Long Island, Kansas, a brother of Mr. J. W. Wachter , manager of the Laurel Furniture Company, died in Baltimore on last Thursday. Dr. Wachter was born in Frederick county in 1853 and spent his boyhood days in Frederick, where his parents moved while he was yet quite young. On obtaining his majority he went to Baltimore and obtained employment with the firm of E.L. Parker and Company.
"Watch night services were held at the churches here on Tuesday evening when large congregations gathered and awaited the arrival of the New Year. All churches were well represented."
75 Years Ago
Turn of fate?
From the County News In Brief column:
"Four Escape Injury When Car Overturns
"Mr. and Mrs. Charles Willima and Misses Ethel M. Barnes and Ruth Pickett narrowly escaped serious injury last Tuesday evening when a car in which they were riding skidded on the frozen road and turned over near Sykesville.
The party was returning from Baltimore and after help arrived they were able to right their car and return home. Although none of the occupants were injured they all received a bad shaking up."
Fate allowed the travelers to survive that accident and I wonder about the age of the "Misses" in the car. Perhaps the two women would go on to have families that owe their very existence to the travelers' survival on that cold night in 1938. And perhaps their children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren are living in the area today.
50 Years Ago
The other shoe
From the Teens and the Times column by Jeffrey Scott Simmons:
"I have decided to name this week 'Teens and the Times Culture Week.' Now understand that by culture I am referring to books, record and movies."
Simmons goes on to recommend Ayn Rand's "The Fountainhead." He also recommends "Stephen Morris" by Neville Shute and the movie "The Music Man."
"The play 'Music Man' was, when it first hit Broadway, a smash hit. Now, anyone can see it for less than half price of a legitimate theatre ticket. "Music Man," the movie was recently showing at the Edmondson Village drive-in theater."
Simmons' record recommendation was Vaughn Meader's "The Other Family."
"This is a parody on the first in that it deals with Nikita Khrushchev and his family in the same light that the first deals with our president," Simmons wrote. The "first" was reference to Meader's record, "The First Family," a satire on President Kennedy and his family.
Khrushchev, was the premier of the USSRfrom 1958 to 1964 and was certainly a character. He was in charge when several major events occurred — the U2, Gary Powers shoot down, the Bay of Pigs in Cuba, the ballistic missile build up and the erection of the Berlin Wall, just to name a few.
But Khrushchev is also remembered for his shoe, that is, the episode when he took off his shoe and banged it on the table at a debate in New York City.
Khrushchev's anger was caused not by an utterance from an American, but a Filipino delegate. The delegate said that the Soviets were hypocrites because while they spoke against colonialism, the Soviet government had taken over most Eastern European nations, ignoring those nations' sovereignty and forcing them into the communist fold.


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An 18th-Century Trades Sampler
a photographic essay by 1999 Colonial Williamsburg Teacher Institute participants
Introduction / Apothecary /
Blacksmith /
Founder /
Harnessmaker /
Printer & Bookbinder / Shoemaker / Silversmith / Wigmaker / Summary
Among the 225 men sent from London to settle at Jamestown in 1607, seven were practitioners of medicine in one of its branches. The records show that 17 men operated apothecary shops in Williamsburg in the 18th century. Still others practiced the trade but did not operate a shop. The mortar and pestle, the symbol of pharmacy for centuries, marks the location of one 18th-century apothecary in Williamsburg.
Dr. William Pasteur and Dr. John Minson Galt were partners in a shop on this site from 1775-1778. In addition to dispensing medicines, they provided surgical, midwifery, dental, and general medical services. Both doctors served apprenticeships and studied at St. Thomas's Hospital in London. The partnership lasted until 1778, at which time Pasteur retired from medicine. Galt continued in the business. Dr. Pasteur died in 1791, Galt in 1808.
The reconstructed shop stands today where the original did. It is stocked and furnished much as it was then, including copies of Galt's medical certificates that are hanging on the walls.
The mortar and pestle was an important tool in the preparation of medicines and was found in many sizes and materials. Glass and ceramic containers by the hundreds were also used to store simple ingredients and compounds for sale. Prepared medicines were stored in jars of various sorts. Unlike today, prescription were not required for purchasing any medicines.
The apothecary sold patented and proprietary medicines as well as medicines he made from imported ingredients. These ingredients included plant, animal, chemical and mineral materials. Liquids were the most common form of medicine and included tinctures and spirits (alcohol based), syrups (sugar and water based), and decoctions and infusions (water based). In this picture, a grater is being used to make a medicine.
How often do you go to the drug store today to purchase something other than medicine? Doctors often supplemented their income by selling such articles as tobacco, snuff, gold and silver leaf, vermicelli, French chalk for taking grease out of silks and fine cloths, candles, spices, and sugar.
Apothecary businesses usually contained areas for serving customers, for accounting purposes, and for a study. Also on the property might be facilities for making medicines. The doctor kept records relating to his business as well as medical books, educational aids, and tools of the trade in the study area. Doctors usually visited patients in their homes rather than in the shop.
Apothecaries played an important role in 18th-century Virginia households by providing a wide range of medical services and medicines for those who could afford them. While it is true that many Virginians grew herbs in their own gardens for use in treating family illnesses, they also relied on the doctor to treat serious illness and to provide imported and patent medicines which were otherwise unavailable.
Introduction / Apothecary /
Blacksmith /
Founder /
Harnessmaker /
Printer & Bookbinder / Shoemaker / Silversmith / Wigmaker / Summary


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Seth Freed Wessler of Colorlines News for Action reports that there have been nearly 205,000 parents of United States citizen children deported since 2010. The data was obtain through a Freedom of Information Act request. The full statistics compiled regarding final orders sought, obtained, and actual removals of individuals claiming to be parents of United States citizen children may be viewed here.
Maybe it is time for the Obama administration to consider expanding deferred action to parents of United States citizen children as a stop gap measure until immigration reform is implemented. I'd also add spouses of United States citizens to the list as well.
Just a thought.


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p11 Protein Levels in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Treated With Citalopram
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00697268
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : June 13, 2008
Last Update Posted : July 2, 2019
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
This study will compare levels of p11 protein in people with and without major depressive disorder (MDD) and examine if p11 levels in patients are affected by treatment with citalopram (Celexa).
Healthy normal volunteers and patients with chronic or recurrent major depression between 18 and 65 years of age may be eligible for this study.
Participants undergo the following tests and procedures:
Healthy Volunteers
- Psychiatric interview and medical examination, questions about family history
- Blood draw
Patients with MDD
Phase 1 - Evaluation and Discontinuation of Medications
- Physical examination, electrocardiogram, blood tests
- Gradual antidepressant medication withdrawal, followed by 2- to 6-week drug-free period. If needed, medicines for anxiety and difficulty sleeping may be prescribed.
Phase 2 Citalopram Treatment
- Start daily citalopram treatment
- Evaluations at the start of phase 2 and every week for 8 weeks with following procedures:
- Symptoms ratings interview and questionnaires
- Review of side effects and new medications
- Blood pressure and pulse measurements
- Blood and urine tests
At the end of the study, plans are developed for long-term treatment and transfer of care to the patient s own physician.
|Condition or disease
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious, debilitating, life-shortening illness that affects many persons of all ages and backgrounds. While treatments are effective for a significant portion of patients with MDD, progress in developing more effective treatments is lagging. Furthermore, with regards to existing antidepressant medications, there are yet no reliable predictors of the likelihood of remission, response or non-response with an initial trial of an antidepressant medication. Identifying factors that are likely to predict response would have the advantage of personalizing treatment to a particular individual; that is selecting the antidepressant medication that is most likely to give the greatest probability of having a favorable outcome.
The serotonin system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and mechanism of action of existing effective antidepressant treatments. Fourteen different serotonin receptors have been identified to date. One of them, 5-HT1B, plays an important role in regulating serotonin neurotransmission. Recently, p11 (a member of the S100 family of proteins) was found to interact with 5-HT1B receptors (Svenningsson et al 2006; Svenningsson and Greengard 2007). p11 mRNA levels are markedly reduced in the forebrain in helpless H/Rouen mice and the level of p11 mRNA was down-regulated in the anterior cingulate cortex from depressed patients. p11 mRNA is distributed in an anatomical pattern that closely resembled that of 5-HT1B receptor mRNA, including cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and raphe nuclei. Chronic administration of the antidepressants imipramine, tranylcypromine, and citalopram significantly increase the level of p11 in cortex. Finally, we have found that chronic treatment with fluoxetine increases p11 in peripheral mononuclear cells in monkeys.
We will now study whether the blood cell levels of p11 differ between healthy individuals and patients suffering from unipolar depression. Moreover, we will study whether the levels of p11 are affected by treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, citalopram. Complementary work will continue at other laboratories to better characterize the role of p11 in the pathophysiology of depression (e.g., animal studies, post-mortem studies).
In addition, we will also acquire a battery of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in a subset of 45 more homogeneous depressed subjects, and 45 matched healthy controls at baseline and at 8 weeks. There is a growing body of evidence implicating morphometric and physiologic abnormalities, measureable by MRI, in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. We will assess both baseline differences between depressed subjects and healthy controls, treatment effects, and search for possible MRI markers predicting treatment response.
This is an open label study which will be performed at the National Institute of Mental Health. In all, 82 adult subjects with major depressive disorder, between the ages of 18 and 65 years, will be recruited from the community. In addition, we will perform p11 measurements in blood cells from 64 healthy control subjects.
|Study Type :
|Actual Enrollment :
|38 participants
|Official Title:
|An Investigation to Determine Whether Levels of P11 Protein in Peripheral Blood Cells Correlate With Treatment Response to Citalopram in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
|Study Start Date :
|June 3, 2008
|Study Completion Date :
|July 28, 2016
- We will study whether blood cell levels of p11 differ between healthy individuals and patients with depression. Moreover, we will study whether the levels of p11 are affected by treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, citalopr... [ Time Frame: Baseline, +1 week, +2 weeks, +3 weeks, +4 weeks, +5 weeks, +6 weeks, +7 weeks, +8 weeks ]
- Complementary work will continue at other laboratories to better characterize the role of p11 in the pathophysiology of depression (e.g., animal studies, post-mortem studies). [ Time Frame: Baseline, +1 week, +2 weeks, +8 weeks ]
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 65 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
- age 18-65 years
- written informed consent completed (consent-incapacitated subjects will not be eligible)
- score 20 or higher on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
- meets DSM-IV criteria for chronic or recurrent nonpsychotic MDD
- patients who are on non-excluded concomitant medications.
- no more than 3 failed antidepressant treatments within the current major depressive episode
- no alcohol use (last 7 days)
- age 18 55 years
- subjects must have either a family history of mood disorders, or have a history of
multiple major depressive episodes
- age of onset of depressive symptoms less than 45 years
- no history of past alcohol or substance dependence (excluding nicotine) or alcohol or substance abuse (excluding nicotine) within the past year.
- no use of benzodiazepines within 2 weeks of either MRI scan
- age 18-65 years
- written informed consent completed
- no current or past diagnosis of axis I psychiatric disorder (DSM-IVTR)
- no alcohol use (last 7 days)
- physically healthy
- age 18 55 years
- no history of past alcohol or substance dependence (excluding nicotine) or alcohol or substance abuse (excluding nicotine) within the past year.
- history of bipolar disorder (I, II, or NOS) (lifetime)
- history of schizophrenia
- history of schizoaffective disorder or
- psychosis NOS (lifetime)
- history of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa (lifetime)
- current primary obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or current post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) whose onset preceded the onset of Major Depressive Disorder
- history of clear-cut intolerability to the study medication
- lack of response to an adequate trial of the study medication (citalopram) in the current or past episodes of MDD
- did not respond to 7 or more sessions of ECT in the current episode of MDD
- Serious, unstable illnesses including hepatic, renal, gastroenterologic, respiratory, cardiovascular (including ischemic heart disease), endocrinologic, neurologic, immunologic, or hematologic disease.
- has general medical condition which contraindicates the use of the study medication
- is on concomitant medication which contraindicates the use of the study medication
- requires immediate hospitalization for psychiatric disorder
- requires antipsychotic medications or mood stabilizers
- Non-postmenopausal (less than 2 years since last period) females of childbearing potential who are sexually active and who are not using adequate (hormonal, double barrier, surgical) contraception, or who are pregnant or breast feeding
- patients currently taking any of the exclusionary medications detailed in protocol (including antipsychotic medications, anticonvulsant medications, antidepressant medications, mood stabilizers, central nervous system stimulants) in the 2 weeks prior to Study Period II.
- patients taking thyroid medication for hypothyroidism may be included if they have been stable on the medication for greater than 3 months
- patients can participate in a modality of psychotherapy that is not targeting the symptoms of depression (e.g., supportive therapy, marital therapy)
- therapy that is depression specific, such as Cognitive Therapy (CT) or Interpersonal Psychotherapy of Depression (IPT) is not allowed during participation
- subjects must be fluent in English and have the capacity to understand the nature of the study and sign the written informed consent.
- current alcohol dependence or abuse (last 3 months)
- patient has a prolonged QTc (greater than or equal to 450 msec), as shown on ECG
- Current NIMH employee/staff or their immediate family member.
- subjects meeting general exclusion criteria for MRI scanning (e.g. implanted cardiac pacemaker, intraocular metal) will be excluded from the MRI procedures only.
- subjects with structural lesions visible on MRI will be excluded from further MRI procedures
- subjects with diabetes or hypertension will be excluded
- subjects currently taking any of the exclusionary medications detailed in protocol in the 2 weeks prior to evaluation
- current alcohol dependence or abuse (last 3 months)
- history of major depression or bipolar disorder in any first degree relative
- subjects meeting general exclusion criteria for MRI scanning (e.g. implanted cardiac pacemaker, intraocular metal) will be excluded from the MRI procedures only.
- subjects with structural lesions visible on MRI will be excluded from further MRI procedures
- subjects with diabetes or hypertension will be excluded
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00697268
|United States, Maryland
|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike
|Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892
|Principal Investigator:
|Carlos A Zarate, M.D.
|National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
|Responsible Party:
|National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00697268 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|June 13, 2008 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|July 2, 2019
|Last Verified:
|July 28, 2016
Depression Treatment
Unipolar Depression
Major Depression
Healthy Volunteer
Depressive Disorder
Depressive Disorder, Major
Mood Disorders
Mental Disorders
Behavioral Symptoms
Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors
Membrane Transport Modulators
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Neurotransmitter Agents
Serotonin Agents
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
Antidepressive Agents
Psychotropic Drugs
Antiparkinson Agents
Anti-Dyskinesia Agents
Autonomic Agents
Peripheral Nervous System Agents
Muscarinic Antagonists
Cholinergic Antagonists
Cholinergic Agents


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Inspired by Candy Corn Toss from designer Karen Montgomery of The Quilt Company
Quilt tester: Jan Ragaller
• 2-1⁄4 yards solid tan (blocks)
• 2-1⁄2 yards total assorted solid greens (blocks)
• 7⁄8 yard solid bright green (border, binding)
• 3-1⁄4 yards backing fabric
• 57" square batting
Finished quilt: 48-1⁄2" square
Finished block: 9" square
Yardages and cutting instructions are based on 42" of usable fabric width.
Measurements include 1⁄4" seam allowances. Sew with right sides together unless otherwise stated.


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Fear Not
Music for Choirs, Submitted Music
1. Fear not, fear not, O be not dismayed,
For I am thy God and will still give thee aid.
I will strengthen and guide thee, and help thee to stand,
Upheld by my righteous, omnipotent hand.
2. When through fiery trials thy pathways shall lie,
My grace, all sufficient, shall be they supply.
The flame shall not hurt thee; my only design
Is to make you more holy, more pure, and refined.
3. The soul that on Jesus has leaned for repose,
I will not, I cannot desert to its foes;
That soul, though all hell should endeavor to shake,
It mattereth not, for I'll never, never forsake.
Text: Robert Keen
Music: Margo Edgeworth


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Your used Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Vehicle Resource Near Alexandria
Welcome to Marthaler Chevrolet of Glenwood! We are your Chevy resource for new and used cars, trucks and SUVs, as well as GM Certified vehicles. Feel free to browse our inventory above and let us know if you need any help finding the vehicle you are looking for. You may contact us online or give us a call at (320) 334-2096. We look forward to hearing from you!
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My appointment to have my oil changed and tires rotated on my 2019 Equinox was scheduled for 11AM. I was out the door with my vehicle at 11:25.
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Clay Tire Sales Inc. - Grayson, KY
Clay Tire Sales has been providing quality tire sales, wheels, and automotive services since 1981. Our tire inventory features leading tire brands at great prices, and you have even more opportunities to save money with tire rebates and auto repair coupons. We are a retail and wholesale tire dealer with a wide selection of retail tires, tractor tires, and lawn and garden tires. As an automotive service center, we specialize in select auto repair and preventive maintenance services. See us for brake repair, exhaust system repair, lube and oil changes, tire maintenance, tire and wheel installation, and more. We are proud to serve Grayson, KY, Morehead, KY, Greenup, KY, and surrounding communities.