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Eliminate rookie mistakes to improve your editing
Identify your role in the process, and ask yourself these 10 questions, including 'What's the proper tone?' and 'What matters most?'
Know the difference between copy editing and editing for substance. Don't assume you are meant to do both. Key considerations:
1. How many approval cycles has this been through?
2. What gatekeepers have already signed off on it?
3. How close is the deadline?
Copy close to the end of its development process needs a light hand. If you introduce questions or suggestions, you are inviting error and undoing the work of a team that was chosen for its expertise.
In this situation, you are a copy editor. So you must think of yourself as a surgeon, not a psychologist or innovator. That means removing just the tumor while leaving healthy organs intact.
Never trust. Sorry, but that's how it is. I'm an optimist and I believe that most people are aiming for goodness. But when it comes to copy editing, never trust yourself or others. Always look it up. Look it up, look it up, look it up. Can't say this enough.
Plan on learning grammar, punctuation and style for the rest of your life. You're never done. There's always more. Here are a couple of examples of what I find many people aren't clear on:
- Apostrophe S on end of proper noun ending in S? Edwards's blog or Edwards' blog?
- Hyphens in compound modifiers but not proper nouns or "ly" adverbs. Wholly owned subisidary, Philadelphia based company, follow-up call.
If you are editing for substance, ask yourself these 7 questions:
1. What does the audience need?
Who is the audience? What do they already know (so you won't repeat words that waste their time)? What are their PDAs (problems, decisions, actions)? Use in-house and online resources to better understand who is in your audience, list the different job titles or skill sets within that audience and filter content that will help them solve problems, make decisions and move them forward toward their goals as they define them. Dig for content such that you answer the "why," not just the "how."
2. How can we drive long-term business goals?
Even if you are allowed to be creative, you still need to color inside the lines. In other words, know the business parameters that will keep you from going off on a tangent that won't advance your company's business goals.
- What indirect takeaways should readers be left with? Have a list of adjectives and messages for each of these: industry, company, product, competition.
- What are my company's top three overarching business goals? Where does your company want to be three years from now? (Not this year, not next year, but three to five years out.) Your answer has to be more specific than "drive sales." For example, it might be "shift from primarily commercial to primarily residential," "open new markets in India," "grow expertise in mobile technologies."
3. What's lurking below a messy surface?
If you hit a place in the text where a teacher might mark in red pen "awkward," don't rewrite it. Get up and talk to the writer. Ask why it was done that way. Most of the time, the writer had a good reason for it. Draw on your own editing and writing experience to get at the root cause or accurately write around a wrinkle. Conversation is best.
4. What matters most? Why?
Why does this matter? So what? What's in it for the reader? What's counterintuitive about this content? What decision will this help the reader make? Where's the surprise?
If you can't find the answers to these questions, you must do research or ask the writer to do research. You aren't ready to write if you can't answer the above.
5. What's the proper tone?
Does the tone match the platform? I give entire classes on tone. But one way (among many) to begin addressing that is to improve the quality of your verbs. If you want to emphasize policy, minimize discussion, or blend into the wallpaper for legal reasons, use a lot of Latinate words. If you want to build relationships, use Anglo-Saxon words.
- Latinate: construct, educate, consequently, location, initiate, adjacent, appoint
- Anglo-Saxon: build, teach, so, place, start, near, name
6. What works best for the media? Should we change media? What audio/visual material is available? Would either of these be more effective than text? Who owns the rights to the photos/videos/audio?
What sidebars could be more immediately illustrative than text? Should we add complementary materials? What related questions does the topic raise that should be addressed but shouldn't be confused with the main point? Should those be pulled out for sidebars?
7. OK, I fibbed a little. There's more than seven. Here's a grab bag of questions related to content selection.
Do we need numbers? Imagery? Both? In what proportions?
What kind of attention span can I expect? Is this a captive audience or a voluntary audience? Is the audience bound to comply, or do we need to persuade?
Do we need to keep it strategic and focused on business goals? Or should it be about tactics and execution? Should we compare and contrast? Do the math?
Do we need a narrative style with a character overcoming obstacles in pursuit of a goal? Or a three-line synopsis geared toward the recipient's immediate need for decision-making or action-taking? Would it be better to boil down three bullets on a slide?
Should we provide a lot of background rationale even for what are thought to be less desirable options? Is this document primarily archival?
Will this be for a broad or narrow audience? If both, is the material for the broad audience at the top and the narrow audience at the bottom?
A former AP news reporter, Lauren Edwards has been customizing editing and writing workshops for PR professionals and engineers at companies including Intel, Yahoo and Google for the past 10 years. This post first appeared on Ragan.com in 2010.
Photo courtesy of Nic McPhee via FlickR Creative Commons.
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'D.C. Snipers' victim still burdened by memories
MONTGOMERY, Ala. -- John Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo unleashed havoc in Washington, D.C., and Montgomery County, Md., beginning on Oct. 3, 2002. The "D.C. Snipers" would eventually kill 13 people and leave six wounded, in six states.
But weeks before the nonstop national coverage of random murders and manhunts in the Eastern U.S., Malvo and Muhammad had stopped in Montgomery.
This Montgomery.
It was 8:30 p.m. on a Saturday night at the state liquor store on Zelda Road. Sept. 21, 2002.
A bullet from a high-powered rifle tore through Claudine Parker's chest, killing her almost instantly. Kellie Adams was hit in the face and neck, severely wounded.
Ten years later, Adams is tormented by the memory.
"I often wonder if she realized what was happening. Was she scared? Did she feel any pain?" Kellie Adams says of Parker. "Of course, the doctor told me she probably didn't feel anything. They may have been trying to spare my feelings."
Now living in the small town of Lumpkin, Ga., she is still healing, and hoping that people remember not just Parker, but the others who were killed or, like Adams, wounded for life.
Adams remembers that Parker was about to see her nephew play in a high school football game. But the proud aunt would never see that game, nor the rise of Roman Harper -- the son of her sister, Princess Harper -- to University of Alabama football star, nor his part in the New Orleans Saints' 2010 Super Bowl victory.
Adams just wanted to get home to her 16-month-old baby: dinner time, play time, bath time, bed time -- the best part of her day.
Though it would be weeks before anyone realized it (a gun magazine dropped by Malvo near the Montgomery crime scene broke the case) Claudine Parker was the first person to die in the attacks. And Adams was among the first wounded.
She didn't hear a gun. It felt like an electric jolt, not bullets. She saw blood flowing on her left. Part of her face had been blown onto her chest. On instinct, she reached down and placed the mass of flesh where it belonged.
World gone awry
In the following five years, Adams endured 30 surgeries. Complications left her dependent on a tracheostomy tube for three years. For a while, she had to rely on a feeding tube.
Just home from the hospital, she learned of the link between the crime in Montgomery and those affecting dozens of others on the East Coast at the hands of the same two men. Satellite vans from major media outlets descended on the city.
"It was crazy," she said. "I asked the police, 'Is there anything we should worry about? Will they come back?' They felt that nothing would happen down here."
But authorities did ask her to return to Zelda Road to re-enact the events of that night.
For a while after, Adams worked for the Alabama Alcoholic Beverage Control's central office. But frequent doctors' appointments led to or near Zelda Road. She could not shake the image of Parker, of the dead and injured in the D.C. area, of the two men who continued to shoot people, eluding police.
Anger grew in her.
In October 2007, she saw Muhammad, by then a death-row inmate, on a CNN program, The Mind of a Sniper. Muhammad laughed about his crimes, seemingly taunting his victims and their families. The show aired repeatedly throughout the week.
Adams posted a nearly two-minute response video on YouTube, telling viewers, "He shouldn't be getting airtime on CNN when no one talks to the victims' families, or victims anywhere, to see what we are still doing five years later it's not fair, and CNN should be ashamed."
She told an Advertiser reporter at the time that she hoped to see Muhammad one day.
"The next time we meet, Muhammad will see me laughing from the other side of the execution room window in Virginia as I watch them put him to death for hurting so many people."
Eventually, Lyn Adams moved his wife and child to a new home in Benton, Ky., to put the past behind them. There, Kellie would have more surgeries, and Lyn became her caregiver while he worked full-time, for as long as he could.
Under immense pressure, the marriage faltered and the couple divorced.
Kellie was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder and was hospitalized. She could break into a crying jag or a flash of anger at any moment. She said her ex-husband's family took action; they would be the ones taking care of her daughter, Brenda, back home in Alabama.
"It was decided that this was not the kind of environment Brenda should be brought up in," she said.
Alone but undefeated, Kellie earned her online degree in veterinary science and worked in a nearby humane society until her next surgery, which required eight weeks of recovery.
Face to face with fate
On Nov. 10, 2009, John Allen Muhammad was executed by lethal injection in Jarratt, Va.
Members of Claudine Parker's family chose to make the trip.
Authorities contacted Adams about attending the execution.
"From the time I was shot, I wanted to be there, but I talked to friends who said it might not be best for my mental state.
"They called, and I broke down crying."
She had come to terms with Malvo's consecutive life-terms prison sentence, however.
"If it wasn't for Muhammad, he (Malvo) wouldn't have done what he did. His punishment fits his part of the crime."
Adams' next move sounds surreal. But in retrospect, it has a certain logic.
The same month of Muhammad's execution, she began work as a ride operator for a traveling carnival.
"I figured it would be full of people who had no direction, and I had no direction," she said. "A lot of the people had criminal records, warrants for their arrest, no family, were homeless."
In her 15-month stint, her fears -- being outside after midnight, constantly dealing with the public, the presence of known criminals -- only grew.
But there was an equal fear of complete alienation. She felt she had nobody. Her mother died when she was 9, and her father was out of the country.
In 2010, Adams appeared on an A and E television special, Aftermath, with two other D.C. Sniper survivors. Her fellow guests, interviewed by William Shatner, said they had a new appreciation for life, embracing their family more than ever. Only Adams remained in tears through most of the broadcast. Near the end, Shatner tried to coax some semblance of hope from Adams. It rang hollow.
Still, earlier on, she had met and grown close to a new man named Steve. The two kept in touch via Facebook. He messaged that he missed her and wanted to be with her.
A year and a half ago, she and Steve settled in the small town of Lumpkin, Ga. In the evenings, the couple walks their two dogs. She is close enough to her dad's home in Georgia to visit, and within a reasonable drive to Millbrook, where Brenda lives with Adams' ex-husband.
But even in tiny Lumpkin, there's risk.
"I almost never go out in public," Adams said. "If I have to go grocery shopping, there is so much anxiety for me to get in and get out. I'm on medications, and they keep me relaxed a little bit, but I'm still hypervigilant. When I do go out in public, I'm very aware of my surroundings and trying to look out for anything suspicious."
The nightmares -- a man chases her with a gun, but has no face -- continue. She never saw the face of Malvo, her shooter, just the lower half of his body. But they come just once a week now. Not every night.
Adams can see her life, right now, as happy. Maybe not the way most would define it.
"Right now, it's as happy as I think it could be. It would be happier if my daughter could live with me," she said. "I'm with someone I love more than anyone I've ever been with. It's nice to have someone you can talk to, who knows what you're going through."
Now, 11-year-old Brenda Adams sees her mother once a month -- plus extended visits on holidays and in the summer. During phone calls there are often awkward silences. Mom and daughter are having to get to know one another again.
Kellie Adams laments the lost time triggered by a meaningless violent act 10 years ago. She was 24, a young mom beaming with hope. Her baby, like all babies, knew nothing of bad things in the world.
"As she got older, she was very aware that, 'Mommy's got some problems, and she's got to go to the hospital a lot,'" Kellie said of her daughter. "Unfortunately, she's had to grow up fast for her age."

subset: commoncrawl


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Luxury car dealers should rent cars.
Imagine the new revenue source for dealers if they had a fleet of popular vehicles available to rent by the hour, day or week. I've been thinking about this for the last two weeks or so as I've planned a 15th wedding anniversary celebration. Guys like me may not want to parade our wives around town in our '94 Tercels on an anniversary night. Maybe the dumpy car is fine on a normal everyday trip to the Hobby Lobby, but when visiting a fancy restaurant on a special night, there's a need for something more.
Some cities have exotic rentals, but that may be overkill on the budget. Wouldn't it be great if guys like us could call up the local BMW or Porsche dealer and request a nice new 3 Series or Boxster to shuttle our brides for the evening?
At some BMW dealers, such a program is in the works.


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Home › Scene › Urban Legend ›
Urban Legend
THE PARTY LCDQ celebrated its Legends gala, L.A.'s most anticipated annual design event sponsored by Angeleno and Modern Luxury Interiors California. This year's theme was Time Capsule: The Past, Present, and Future of Design. THE PLAYERS Florence de Dampierre, Kathryn Ireland, Mary McDonald, Alex Papachristidis, Kelly Wearstler THE SCENE Acclaimed for the fantastical window displays, Legends also entertained attendees with panel discussions, exhibitions, book signings and the exclusive opening night gala. Photography by Stefanie Keenan/Getty images


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University, regional and community resources for small businesses help you move your company forward successfully.
The Wisconsin SBDC connects you with organizations and university resources that work for you.
Get assistance from community business resources.
- Regional and local information for business operations
- Opportunities for small businesses
- Support from economic development organizations for qualifying companies
- Information about business regulations and requirements
- Business associations and Chambers of Commerce
Access the power of your University with the Wisconsin SBDC.
- Faculty and student support for your business
- Business library access
- Student interns


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Find a picture that you would like to color! Browse our collection of Preschool Easter Coloring Pages Printable and find the best one for you or your child. You can download or print these pictures for free. Have some fun!
Check out our collection of coloring pages for this topic below.


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About a month ago, we compared the first starts of Boy-God-Next-Comings Tim Lincecum and Phil Hughes to Dustin McGowan's, and found with our slightly coloured judgement that our boy Dusty at least held his own.
Now that Tiny Tim and McGowan have faced one another, let's review where they are eight starts into this season.
Lincecum - 48 IP, 48 Ks, 21 BBs, 5.25 ERA, 1.27 WHIP, 2-1 record
McGowan - 49 IP, 40 Ks, 20 BBs, 4.78 ERA, 1.35 WHIP, 3-2 record
(Since Hughes is recuperating at the Children's Miracle Network Hospital of New York*, we'll leave him out of the equation.)
The numbers look almost identical at this point, although we give extra credit to McGowan for his half-run advantage in ERA, especially since he pitches in the AL (and moreover, the AL East, where every team still rakes).
These two pitchers also seem to be headed in opposite directions. Lincecum has struggled in his last three starts, while McGowan has allowed three or fewer earned runs in his last five starts.
Maybe it's the sideburns.
*May not be the actual name of a medical institution.


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Sinthu Bairavi 04-06-2015 Watch online Raj TV serial Sindhu Bhairavi June 4th 2015 Online Serial Sindhu Bhairavi 04/06/15 Raj TV Show. Sindhu Bhairavi Hindi into Tamil serial Sinthu Bairavi drama check out today's episode on youtube hq video 04.06.2015 Channel being aired from India, Raj TV – Sindhu Bairavi amazing serial loved by many.
Previous Episodes – Click Here
Source 1 – Click on the image below to watch. (Use Google Chrome or Firefox)
Source 2 – Click on the image below to watch.


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|Charleston, W.Va.
|High School:
|George Washington
2013-14: Lettered as a first-year ... an athletic heavyweight who will again be one of the Generals' top options in that weight class.
2012-13: Completed his rookie season with a team-best 15 wins against 17 losses ... finished with 22 escapes, nine reversals, five takedowns and two three-point near falls ... also posted two wins via fall ... won his weight class at the W&L Invitational ... finished fourth in the 285-pound weight class at the Centennial Conference Championship ... posted a 2-1 overall record at the NCAA East Regional.
High School: Earned four letters in wrestling and four in lacrosse at George Washington High School ... four-time academic all-state honoree ... two-time state qualifier, finishing fifth at the state championships as a senior ... finished as the conference runner-up and region champion as a senior when he finished 44-14 overall ... completed his career with a 94-47 overall record.
Personal: Undeclared major.


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Contact Sirocco ©2001-2016, all rights reserved. Last updated June 10, 2016
You are visitor #1601
Listen to: Country Dance
Sulyman on zurna and
Armando on percussion.
Shop Online
SIROCCO is the duo Sulyman el Coyote, and Armando Mafufo,. SIROCCO enjoyed playing Middle Eastern music for belly-dancers across the United States and internationally since 1971. Improvisation within the genre using traditional instruments is their specialty. SIROCCO has loyal fans who enjoy their ability to create an electrifying atmosphere that ignites belly-dancers and audiences alike.
SIROCCO was the in-house band from 1992-2004 and Armando the resident doumbek teacher for Delilah's Bellydance Retreats in Hawaii.
... the mezmerIzing sounds of Sirocco have spoiled me! Nothing else I've found is as deep and rich an experience... J.L.


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Here's my finished piece for The "All Together Now" Beatles Tribute Art Show at Gallery Nucleus (opening Saturday July 7th at 7pm)! It's done in pen and ink and watercolor. I had played around with some color comps for a fully painted version but ultimately I wanted to highlight the drawing with some light washes. You can see my other concepts and rough drafts here.
To me, the greatest Rock moment of all time is when the Beatles gave an impromptu performance on the rooftop of their Apple Corps recording Studio. Imagine being on your lunch hour in London when you see people rushing through the streets, murmuring that the greatest rock legends in history are performing a their first live show in three years out in the open! The Beatles had stopped touring in 1966 after they figured out that their concertgoers could not possibly hear their live music through all of the manic screaming that accompanied their shows. Suddenly, they were blasting a live performance of brand new music from the rooftops! When the police showed up, the Beatles were actually pretty excited because they would have loved to have had footage of themselves being dragged off by "the man". To the Fab Four's chagrin, the police tamely asked them keep it down or turn it off (as if they were some kids having a loud party, and not the greatest band of all time creating history). At the end of what would prove to be their final live performance together, John leaves a joking farewell to the audience, "I'd like to say 'thank you' on behalf of the group and ourselves, and I hope we passed the audition."
There is a melancholy feeling to the whole performance that is very moving to me. The rooftop concert proved to be the last time the Beatles performed a live show together, and you can see from the footage that there is a distance between each of them. No longer are they all clad in matching suits, Beatle boots and mop top haircuts; no longer were they the happy-go-lucky young lads trying to make it big. Each man had become a legend in his own right, and the rooftop concert showcases each Beatle's individuality as much as it also is a great example of the magic that they created when they were together. "Don't Let Me Down" is one of my absolute favorite songs; there is an earnestness in the vocals (John handling lead with Paul and George providing beautiful two and three-part harmonies) as John pleas with Yoko to understand that he is really putting his vulnerability on display for the first time and needs her not to let him down.


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Coulter, Crew score 17 -- in first inning
Brewers' first-round pick helps AZL club trounce Royals, 23-8
By Andrew Pentis / Special to MLB.com | July 7, 2012 10:52 PM
Milwaukee's Rookie-level affiliate scored 17 runs before making the game's first three outs and went on to crush the host Royals, 23-8.
The Brewers sent 22 batters to the plate in the opening inning, collecting 12 hits and drawing five walks. The Royals also hit a batter, committed two errors and a balk.
The Royals burned through three pitchers -- rehabbing Major League reliever Juan Gutierrez (0-1) and 2011 draftees Christian Witt and Stephen Lumpkins each recorded one out -- and made two defensive switches in the frame.
A bit of context: No Minor League team has scored more than 17 runs in a single inning this season. Plus, the 23 runs overall represent an Arizona League season high, besting the AZL Diamondbacks' 22-run total on June 24.
At the forefront of the victorious lineup was first-round Draft pick Clint Coulter, who was selected 27th overall last month. The 18-year-old catcher singled three times in five at-bats and caught six innings before leaving his 10th game as a pro.
Coulter, who signed four days after the Draft, singled twice and grounded out in the first, while leadoff man -- and second-round pick -- Tyrone Taylor tripled, doubled and reached on an error, all in the space of one inning.
In his seventh pro game, Taylor finished 4-for-7 with three RBIs and four runs scored -- all career highs.
No. 3 hitter Jose Pena recorded five hits in seven at-bats and fell a home run short of the cycle. He doubled and singled twice in the first inning alone.
Taylor opened the game with a double, Coulter singled and Pena followed with an RBI base hit. With one out, a throwing error by shortstop Ramon Torres produced another run and Angel Ortega singled to chase Gutierrez.
Renaldo Jenkins greeted Witt with an RBI double before Malcolm Dowell and Dionis Hinojosa walked to force in a run. Third baseman Diego Goris' error allowed two more runs to score, but Coulter was retired on a ground ball for the second out.
Pena doubled to make it 9-0, then scored on Jalen Harris' triple. Alan Sharkey and Angel Ortega singled and Jenkins walked against Lumpkins to load the bases. Dowell was plunked and Hinojosa walked to force in two runs and Taylor emptied the bases with his third triple of the season. Coulter capped the inning with an RBI single to center field.
The Brewers also posted a crooked digit in the third (two runs) and seventh innings (three runs) before scoring their final run in the eighth.
The Royals rallied for six runs in the bottom of the first against starter Daniel Keller, who was charged with all eight runs on 12 hits over three frames. Brewers relievers Taylor Magnum (1-1) and Zachary Quintana each allowed one hit over three scoreless innings, with Quintana recording his first save.
Andrew Pentis is a contributor to MLB.com. Follow him on Twitter at AndrewMiLB. This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues or its clubs.View More


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There are many reputable suppliers of baby trees, from local nurseries to the big box stores. During the years I have been tree farming I have relied heavily on two sources.
Sometimes pretty yards take years to establish, but sometimes they just seems to fall in place, especially if the owners have green thumbs. That's the case with Ronald and Susan First at 1954 Charles Avenue. The couple relocated to Lancaster from Erie, Pa. about two years ago when Ronald's job brought them south. He was here about six months before Susan could come, so he began the search for a new home.
'There's a Chinaberry tree I remember
I used to climb in and out of my window…'
– Rodney Crowell,
'Telephone Road'
Dragon wing begonias steal the show at the home of Cain and Anita Thomason at 1049 Edgemont Drive in Lancaster. They also caught the eyes of Betsy Folks and Sheila Robertson, members of The Lancaster Garden Club, who selected the Thomason yard as the Yard of the Month for August.
An orchestra seems to make music flow with harmonies and crescendos; sometimes a beautiful solo will steal the show. The carefully planned musical piece provides continuous entertainment.
Now take that same concept and apply it to a garden filled with flowers. Each flower has its time to shine while others fill the background with continuous color and foliage.
Betcha my Independence Day was pretty much like the one you just celebrated. Well, maybe not.
The grilled steaks and sweet iced tea were good, but the July 3 death of Andy Griffith sorta dampened my enthusiasm. I opted to watch the fireworks going off over the Mall in Washington, D.C., via TV.
I did feel sorry for the folks in San Diego and seeing how their July 4 fireworks popped at one time.
It reminded me of the time my son tossed a match on the box of firecrackers, roman candles and sparklers.
August 26, 2012, is designated by President Barack Obama as Women's Equality Day. As the anniversary of the 19thamendment, granting women the right to vote, it is fitting to celebrate the many strides the Nation has made towards equality over the past 92 years.
On August 24, Dr. Charmaine W. Stradford of Lancaster will travel to Germany by invitation to be the guest speaker for the US Army Garrison Equal Opportunity Program. She is the wife of John E. Stradford Sr. of Lancaster.
Two new smiling faces will now greet visitors to the Lancaster County Welcome Center, located inside the restored historic courthouse at 100 N. Main Street.
The center was formerly run by Sylvia Hudson, who retired in mid-June.
"The full-time position was broken into two part-time positions," said Debbie Hardin, clerk to Lancaster County Council and administrative assistant for the county.
In the mornings and afternoons on Meeting Street, amongst the cars and trucks, you may see something unexpected.
Susan Carbone, a bookkeeper at Lancaster County Library, makes her daily commute from her home to the library on a Segway.
"I live in Lancaster, so the trip is only about four miles one way, and you can use it on sidewalks and cut corners to reduce the miles," Carbone said.
Jo Ann Koffman, 76, of Indian Land recently lost her husband of 55 years to Alzheimer's disease.
Boyd Koffman, 82, died May 21 after a long painful year for the Koffman family.
Koffman said her husband wasn't diagnosed with Alzheimer's until his death.
But it's a common problem among the elderly. One in eight seniors over age 65 and one in two over age 80 years have Alzheimer's, said Seth Zamek, owner/executive director of the Senior Helpers office in Fort Mill. About 5.3 million Americans have it.
Copyright © 2019
The Lancaster News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Lancaster County and Lancaster, South Carolina, and the surrounding area..


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My Warner Table
Once you've booked your break, you can reserve your seats in the Late Lounge for the evening entertainment with My Warner Table
What's on
Top class entertainment
You can laugh, dance and party the night away in our late lounges, while our entertainment teams shower you with comedy, music and dancing. From pre-dinner cabaret and fabulous shows to late night discos and spotlight sets, evenings at Warner take some beating.
Prepare to be dazzled by some of the best live bands, tributes, comedians and showbiz star names. Fall into step on the dance floor or show off your moves – we've got the music!
Lively and Late
For when you never want the fun to end and love to stay up late. With live music on every night performed by great bands, singers and more, it's no wonder these breaks feel like a party from start to finish.
Choose from full-on festivals and sounds of the 60s and 70s to Top Tribute Party and Vegas themed breaks. It's all grown up and very relaxed; there's no bingo, no formal evening dancing – just a great boogie and footloose fun on the dance floor!


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Desks with complex inlay complete!
Stage 1 of the 'Hot Sharp Toxic' room. This swiveling desk is the first stage of a larger project to turn a room in a private residence into a splendid mad science lair. More pictures here and on Flickr.
Check out our build video, where we show off the process we used to make these fantastically inlayed desks!


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BATON ROUGE — As an array of small explosives and even smaller microphones are used to map the ground deep under the Assumption Parish sinkhole, some residents say they never want to return to nearby Bayou Corne.
BATON ROUGE — As an array of small explosives and even smaller microphones are used to map the ground deep under the Assumption Parish sinkhole, some residents say they never want to return to nearby Bayou Corne.
At a meeting Tuesday, lawmakers heaped pressure on Texas Brine — the company they deem responsible for the sinkhole — by asking its representatives to create a process to buy residents' properties.
Several of the estimated 350 people under an evacuation order gave teary testimony to the Joint Committee on Natural Resources and Environment.
"I cry going to work when I pass my home. I lay down at night and cry wanting to be at my house," said Bayou Corne resident Candy Blanchard, who has been out of her home since the evacuation order was issued Aug. 3. "I don't feel safe, and I won't feel safe there again. I want Texas Brine to step up and start talking to us as individuals."
Much of Tuesday's discussion centered on the idea of buying out residents who might be too fearful to return or have had property investments ruined by the hole.
"Bayou Corne will always be associated with this," said Carl Dugas, who has lived in the area for 30 years. "Texas Brine is holding two of my homes hostage right now. I can't sell them. I can't borrow money against them."
Dennis Landry, a resident and property developer in the neighborhood, added that Texas Brine should also compensate those who do not want to move for their decimated property values.
Pressed about potential buyouts, Bruce Martin, Texas Brine vice president of operations, did not commit to anything, other than saying his company is focusing on containing and understanding the sinkhole.
"I know there are some residents who want to be bought out and some who do not," Martin said. "We have to focus on response activities."
Martin urged residents to meet with the community relations liaison in Bayou Corne so the company can ascertain how many people are interested in some sort of proposal.
Another legislative committee meeting on the sinkhole will be held in March.
State officials described La. 70 near the sinkhole and Bayou Corne as a beehive of activity.
Trucks move on and off the otherwise quiet stretch, hauling in tons of earth for a nearly complete berm to contain the salty water and oil in the hole.
Thin, black torches sitting among the cypress trees are a reminder of the natural gas being vented from the ground below.
Inside some homes, residents live with monitors to detect any accumulation of gas. Other homes sit empty.
Tuesday was the 201st day an evacuation order has been in place for residents of Bayou Corne. While some residents want out, others just want peace of mind.
Scientists know the sinkhole was caused by a collapsed cavern — the top of which sits 3,400 feet below ground. The floor of the cavern sits about 5,600 feet below the surface.
That cavern was mined inside the Napoleonville Salt Dome, a naturally forming solid salt formation. Texas Brine mined the cavern by injecting water and then pulling the highly concentrated saltwater out for industrial applications.
Scientists believe the cavern was too close to the edge of the salt dome and outside pressure cause it to collapse, filling it with millions of cubic yards of earth that eventually led to the sinkhole. The collapse also let oil and gas sitting on the dome's edge to rise to the surface.
Before the evacuation order is lifted, John Boudreaux, Assumption Parish director of emergency operations, has said scientists must determine if the salt dome and other caverns within are stable, where gas has accumulated underground and if there is potential for another hole to open.
The cavern is about 80 percent full of displaced earth, officials said Tuesday. Considering the volume of the cavern, scientists said the hole itself will not grow enough to threaten residents more than 1,000 feet away.
There is the possibility of other voids below ground that could lead to another sinkhole, scientists said.
To answer these questions, contractors are creating a three-dimensional image to 7,000 feet below the surface.
A 2.8-square-mile zone has been charted above the dome's western flank.
That zone will be dotted with an array of 2,500 strategically placed shots and about 2,200 geophones.
The shots are typically small explosives buried 25 to 40 feet below the surface. Contractors are also using vibrosis trucks that shake the ground in 10-second intervals.
These shots will be recorded by the geophones, which are small microphones stuck in the ground.
"Sound travels at different speeds through different types of underground materials," said Texas Brine spokesman Sonny Cranch.
That sound will eventually bounce back to the surface to be read by the geophones.
Scientists say they can map out any remaining underground voids, check the condition of the dome and determine where natural gas may be accumulating with the images created from the process.
"Using this many sensors close together, we are going to get some really high-resolution images," said Hoyt O'Neal, crew supervisor for Boone Exploration, the contractor installing the equipment.
This imaging process is common in oil exploration, but not at this resolution. O'Neal said enough sensors are being used to map out a 23- square-mile area if this was an oil exploration job.
Cranch said the images should be created and processed by April.


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Artist's description:
This is an Original oil painting, painted alla prima from life.
Canvas board size -approx 8 x 8 inch - 20 x 20 cm
Painted on canvas board
This painting is not ready to hang
this paintings is initialed on the front and signed on the reverse.
UK deliveries are by Royal Mail special delivery
International deliveries are sent by Royal Mail International Tracked and or Signed for.
Please Note: I do my best to take good photos of my paintings but due to different monitors and devices the colours may vary slighty.
Materials used:
canvas board , oil paint
Featured by our Editors:
Homemade Jams (2016)
Oil painting by Jane Palmer Art
$149.66 Sold
- Oil painting on Canvas
- One of a kind artwork
- Size: 7.99 x 7.99 in (unframed)
- Signed on the back
- Style: Photorealistic
- Subject: Still life
This artwork is sold by Jane Palmer Art from United Kingdom


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Has Cory Booker hurt his own political career? That's a valid question in the wake of his misstep last Sunday on NBC's "Meet the Press." Mr. Booker – the Democratic mayor Newark, N.J. – called President Obama's anti-Bain Capital campaign ads "nauseating." He and the Obama campaign have been in full damage-control mode ever since.
Well, one thing's for sure – a prime time Booker speech at the Democratic National Convention is now pretty unlikely. That would only cause the "Meet the Press" clip to run in rotation on cable news again. So the Newark mayor, often described as a rising star, won't get the exposure that then-little known Barack Obama did when he delivered the DNC keynote address in 2004.
Plus, his own ties to Wall Street have now become press fodder. On Monday, the liberal website Think Progress revealed that Bain officials and others in the finance industry contributed more than $565,000 to Booker's first mayoral campaign in 2002. Stories about links between financial groups and Booker, former Pennsylvania Gov. Ed Rendell, and other Democrats who criticized the Bain ads came out so fast that some on the right suspect they were planted by the Obama camp.
"I expected them to send out oppo research on Republicans.... But I don't think I ever would've predicted they'd be digging up dirt on their own campaign surrogates," wrote Ben Howe on the conservative RedState blog.
Booker's in-state party rivals have even begun tweaking him over his misstep. Sen. Frank Lautenberg (D) of New Jersey, for instance, holds a seat that Booker is rumored to want for himself. On Tuesday, Senator Lautenberg said Booker's words were "a terrible blow, in my view, for President Obama."
The mayor of Newark is spending too much time giving speeches elsewhere, Lautenberg told Roll Call.
"Newark needs hands-on kind of leadership, and it's not getting the attention" it needs, Lautenberg said.
But here's our view: Booker is OK here. If anything, he's helped his chances of winning a statewide New Jersey office, such as governor or senator.
First of all, he's now more famous than ever. He's gotten plenty of media exposure – and he's a naturally appealing political talent. Yes, he's eating a little humble pie, but in general voters agree with his original sentiment: Negative advertising is nauseating, and there's way too much of it in our current political culture.
Second, it's New Jersey. See that city on the other side of the Hudson? It's New York, where Wall Street is. Any New Jersey politician will have constituents with financial-industry ties and likely will find it expedient to raise Wall Street money. In that context, it might be dangerous for Booker to come across as anti-Bain.
Third, Booker may be better off in the Garden State if there's some distance between him and Obama. New Jersey is reliably blue at the presidential level, but it's not liberal – Gov. Chris Christie is not only a Republican, he's a possible Mitt Romney VP pick. And what Booker's comments might really have done is expose the rift between liberals and the more pro-business, moderate wing of the Democratic Party.
Booker is a leading Democratic moderate, writes Josh Kraushaar in National Journal. He won his 2002 race by taking on the Newark Democratic establishment and the city's widespread cronyism.
"The Booker governing model, premised on bipartisanship and taking on ideological party factions, runs contrary in many ways to Obama's record. It's why Booker's call for Obama to elevate the rhetoric drove Chicago batty: It was a stinging reminder that the candidate's promise of a post-partisan approach in 2008 had given way to the reality of governing in a polarized Washington and the necessity of running a highly negative campaign against Romney," Kraushaar writes in his "Against the Grain" column this week.


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- Year of movie : 2014
- Genres of movie : Horror,
- Status of movie : Released
- Release date of movie : 2014-05-17
- Companies of movie : Northern Lights Films, Animal Kingdom,
- Countries of movie : United States of America,
- Language of movie : English,
- Durationof movie : 100 Min
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- Youtube ID of movie :
- Translation of movie : EN,
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- Olivia Luccardi ( Yara )
- Lili Sepe ( Kelly )
- Bailey Spry ( Annie )
- Daniel Zovatto ( Greg )
- Jake Weary ( Hugh )
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Corrosives are widely used in everything from water treatment to equipment cleaning. Consequently, we've all been taught what to do if we get splashed with one. Rinse it off right away. But what if you swallow a corrosive?
You may think that if you practice the rule of not eating or drinking in the work area, you've eliminated this other ingestion hazard. But think about your first reflex when sprayed in the face. There's a good chance you're going to inhale some of the chemicals.
Regardless of anyone else's best intentions, don't lie down if this happens. What you must do now is get prompt medical attention. Don't delay by finding your supervisor; ask a coworker to do that. Tell your coworker that someone needs to call ahead to provide your name and what you swallowed and that you're on your way there.


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E-cigs vs. T-cigs
Electronic cigarettes may be less harmful in the UK than cigarettes but may still be dangerous. Under which circumstances should a person use ecigs? Will they fill your body with plastic?
Electronic cigarettes can contain propylene glycol or vegetable glycerine with nicotine (and in at least two cases polyethylene glycol 400) to form a solution that when heated by an atomizer, produces a visible vapour that provides nicotine to the bloodstream via the lungs when inhaled.
Electronic cigarettes have not been studied enough by scientists in laboratories to form conclusive evidence that their use is either beneficial or harmful to humans. However, some are concerned that unknown side-effects could occur with continuous, consistent use of electronic cigarettes, including cancer.
Behaviour surrounding their use is worrisome because e-cigs are being used habitually by a percentage of non-smokers who otherwise would not use nicotine, they may seem attractive to children, they are not closely regulated, and their use makes it very easy to overdose on nicotine even for experienced smokers.
UK Electronic Cigarettes and E-Liquid
Disassembled parts of a first generation e-cigarette. A. LED light cover B. battery (also houses circuitry) C. atomizer (heating element) D. cartridge (mouthpiece) Parts of a second generation e-cigarette. An electronic cigarette is a battery-powered vaporizer.[1] The primary parts that make up an e-cigarette are a mouthpiece, a cartridge (tank), a heating element/atomizer, a microprocessor, a battery, and possibly a LED light on the end.[2] An atomizer comprises a small heating element that vaporizes e-liquid and wicking material that draws liquid onto the coil.[3] When the user pushes a button,[4] or (in some variations) activates a pressure sensor by inhaling, the heating element then atomizes the liquid solution[5] The e-liquid reaches a temperature of roughly 100-250 °C within a chamber to create an aerosolized vapor.[6] The user inhales the aerosol, commonly called vapor, rather than cigarette smoke.[7] The aerosol provides a flavor and feel similar to tobacco smoking.[1] There are three main types of e-cigarettes: cigalikes, looking like cigarettes; eGos, bigger than cigalikes with refillable liquid tanks; and mods, assembled from basic parts or by altering existing products.[8] As the e-cigarette industry continues to evolve, new products are quickly developed and brought to market.[9] First generation e-cigarettes tend to look like tobacco cigarettes and so are called "cigalikes".[10] Most cigalikes look like cigarettes but there is some variation in size.[11] Second generation devices are larger overall and look less like tobacco cigarettes.[12] Third generation devices include mechanical mods and variable voltage devices.[10] The fourth generation includes Sub ohm tanks and temperature control devices.[13] The power source is the biggest component of an e-cigarette,[14] which is frequently a rechargeable lithium-ion battery.[15] A later-generation box mod e-cigarette. Image courtesy of Ecigclick An e-cigarette is a handheld battery-powered vaporizer that simulates smoking, but without tobacco combustion.[1] Once the user inhales, the airflow activates the pressure sensor, and then the heating element atomizes the liquid solution.[5] Most devices have a manual push-button switch to turn them on or off.[16] E-cigarettes do not turn on by trying to "light" the device with a flame.[4] The e-liquid reaches a temperature of roughly 100-250 °C within a chamber to create an aerosolized vapor.[6] However, variable voltage devices can raise the temperature.[17] A glycerin-only liquid vaporizes at a higher temperature than a propylene glycol-glycerin liquid.[17] Rather than cigarette smoke, the user inhales an aerosol, commonly but inaccurately called vapor.[7] E-cigarettes do not create vapor between puffs.[18] Vaping is different than tobacco smoking, but there are some similarities with their behavioral habits, including the hand-to-mouth action and a vapor that looks like cigarette smoke.[1] E-cigarettes provide a flavor and feel similar to smoking.[1] A noticeable difference between the traditional cigarette and the e-cigarette is sense of touch.[1] A traditional cigarette is smooth and light but an e-cigarette is rigid, cold and slightly heavier.[1] Since e-cigarettes are more complex than traditional cigarettes, a learning curve is needed to use them correctly.[19] Compared to traditional cigarettes, the general e-cigarette puff time is much longer, and requires a more forceful suction than a regular cigarette.[20] The volume of vapor created by e-cigarette devices in 2012 declined with vaping.[1] Thus, to create the same volume of vapor increasing puff force is needed.[1] Later-generation e-cigarettes with concentrated nicotine liquids may deliver nicotine at levels similar to traditional cigarettes.[21] Many e-cigarette versions include a voltage potentiometer to adjust the volume of vapor created.[4] The amount of vapor produced is controlled by the power from the battery, which has led some users to adjust their devices to increase battery power.[6] An ordinary cigarette compared to a "cigalike" e-cigarette E-cigarettes are usually approximately cylindrical, with many variations: pen-styles, tank-styles etc.[22] Some e-cigarettes look like traditional cigarettes, but others do not.[19] There are three main types of e-cigarettes: cigalikes, looking like cigarettes; eGos, bigger than cigalikes with refillable liquid tanks; and mods, assembled from basic parts or by altering existing products.[8] The primary parts that make up an e-cigarette are a mouthpiece, a cartridge (tank), a heating element/atomizer, a microprocessor, a battery, and possibly a LED light on the end.[2] The only exception to this are mechanical e-cigarettes (mods) which contain no electronics and the circuit is closed by using a mechanical action switch.[23] E-cigarettes are sold in disposable or reusable variants.[8] Disposable e-cigarettes are discarded once the liquid in the cartridge is used up, while rechargeable e-cigarettes may be used indefinitely.[24] A disposable e-cigarette lasts to around 400 puffs.[25] Reusable e-cigarettes are refilled by hand or exchanged for pre-filled cartridges, and general cleaning is required.[4] A wide range of disposable and reusable e-cigarettes exist.[26] Disposable e-cigarettes are offered for a few dollars, and higher-priced reusable e-cigarettes involve an up-front investment for a starter kit.[19] Some e-cigarettes have a LED at the tip to resemble the glow of burning tobacco.[21] The LED may also indicate the battery status.[1] The LED is not generally used in personal vaporizers or mods.[2] First-generation e-cigarettes usually simulated smoking implements, such as cigarettes or cigars, in their use and appearance.[10] Later-generation e-cigarettes often called mods, PVs (personal vaporizer) or APVs (advanced personal vaporizer) have an increased nicotine-dispersal performance,[10] house higher capacity batteries, and come in various shapes such as metal tubes and boxes.[27] They contain silver, steel, metals, ceramics, plastics, fibers, aluminum, rubber and spume, and lithium batteries.[28] A growing subclass of vapers called cloud-chasers configure their atomizers to produce large amounts of vapor by using low-resistance heating coils.[29] This practice is known as cloud-chasing.[30] Many e-cigarettes are made of standardized replaceable parts that are interchangeable between brands.[31] A wide array of component combinations exists.[32] Many e-cigarettes are sold with a USB charger.[33] E-cigarettes that resemble pens or USB memory sticks are also sold for those who may want to use the device unobtrusively.[34] As the e-cigarette industry continues to evolve, new products are quickly developed and brought to market.[9] Various types of e-cigarettes. First-generation e-cigarettes tend to look like tobacco cigarettes and so are called "cigalikes".[10] The three parts of a cigalike e-cigarette initially were a cartridge, an atomizer, and a battery.[35] A cigalike e-cigarette currently contains a cartomizer (cartridge atomizer), which is connected to a battery.[35] Most cigalikes look like cigarettes but there is some variation in size.[35] They may be a single unit comprising a battery, coil and filling saturated with e-juice in a single tube to be used and discarded after the battery or e-liquid is depleted.[10] They may also be a reusable device with a battery and cartridge called a cartomizer.[12] The cartomizer cartridge can be separated from the battery so the battery can be charged and the empty cartomizer replaced when the e-juice runs out.[10] The battery section may contain an electronic airflow sensor triggered by drawing breath through the device.[12] Other models use a power button that must be held during operation.[12] An LED in the power button or on the end of the device may also show when the device is vaporizing.[36] Charging is commonly accomplished with a USB charger that attaches to the battery.[37] Some manufacturers also have a cigarette pack-shaped portable charging case (PCC), which contains a larger battery capable of recharging the individual e-cigarette batteries.[38] Reusable devices can come in a kit that contains a battery, a charger, and at least one cartridge.[38] Varying nicotine concentrations are available and nicotine delivery to the user also varies based on different cartomizers, e-juice mixtures, and power supplied by the battery.[22] These manufacturing differences affect the way e-cigarettes convert the liquid solution to an aerosol, and thus the levels of ingredients, that are delivered to the user and the surrounding air for any given liquid.[22] First-generation e-cigarettes use lower voltages, around 3.7 V.[39] Second-generation PV. Second generation devices tend to be used by people with more experience.[12] They are larger overall and look less like tobacco cigarettes.[12] They usually consist of two sections, basically a tank and a separate battery. Their batteries have higher capacity, and are not removable.[10] Being rechargeable, they use a USB charger that attaches to the battery with a threaded connector. Some batteries have a "passthrough" feature so they can be used even while they are charging.[40][41] Second-generation e-cigarettes commonly use a tank or a "clearomizer".[12] Clearomizer tanks are meant to be refilled with e-juice, while cartomizers are not.[10] Because they're refillable and the battery is rechargeable, their cost of operation is lower.[10] Hovever, they can also use cartomizers, which are pre-filled only.[10] Some cheaper battery sections use a microphone that detects the turbulence of the air passing through to activate the device when the user inhales.[42] Other batteries like the eGo style can use an integrated circuit, as well as a button for manual activation. The LED shows battery status.[42] The power button can also switch off the battery so it is not activated accidentally.[43] Second generation e-cigarettes may have lower voltages, around 3.7 V.[39] However, adjustable-voltage devices can be set between 3 V and 6 V.[44] Third-generation PV. The third-generation includes mechanical mods and variable voltage devices.[45][46] Battery sections are commonly called "mods," referencing their past when user modification was common.[10] Mechanical mods do not contain integrated circuits.[46] They are commonly cylindrical or box-shaped, and typical housing materials are wood, aluminium, stainless steel, or brass.[47] A larger "box mod" can hold bigger and sometimes multiple batteries.[47] Mechanical mods and variable devices use larger batteries than those found in previous generations.[48] Common battery sizes used are 18350, 18490, 18500 and 18650.[49] The battery is often removable,[46] so it can be changed when depleted. The battery must be removed and charged externally.[46] Variable devices permit setting wattage, voltage, or both.[40][46] These often have a USB connector for recharging; some can be used while charging, called a "passthrough" feature.[40][50] Mechanical mods do not contain integrated circuits.[46] The power section may include additional options such as screen readout, support for a wide range of internal batteries, and compatibility with different types of atomizers.[12] Third-generation devices can have rebuildable atomizers with different wicking materials.[10][12] These rebuildables use handmade coils that can be installed in the atomizer to increase vapor production.[48] Hardware in this generation is sometimes modified to increase power or flavor.[51] The larger battery sections used also allow larger tanks to be attached that can hold more e-liquid.[47] Recent devices can go up to 8 V, which can heat the e-liquid significantly more than earlier generations.[39] A fourth-generation e-cigarette became available in the U.S. in 2014.[21] Fourth-generation e-cigarettes can be made from stainless steel and pyrex glass, and contain very little plastics.[13] Included in the fourth-generation are Sub ohm tanks and temperature control devices.[13] An e-cigarette atomizer with the coil (heating element) in view. An atomizer comprises a small heating element that vaporizes e-liquid and a wicking material that draws liquid onto the coil.[3] Along with a battery and e-liquid the atomizer is the main component of every personal vaporizer.[12] A small length of resistance wire is coiled around the wicking material and connected to the integrated circuit, or in the case of mechanical devices, the atomizer is connected directly to the battery through either a 510, 808, or ego threaded connector.[52] 510 being the most common.[52] When activated, the resistance wire coil heats up and vaporizes the liquid, which is then inhaled by the user.[53] The electrical resistance of the coil, the voltage output of the device, the airflow of the atomizer and the efficiency of the wick all affect the vapor coming from the atomizer.[54] They also affect the vapor quantity or volume yielded.[54] Atomizer coils made of kanthal usually have resistances that vary from 0.4Ω (ohms) to 2.8Ω.[54] Coils of lower ohms have increased vapor production but could risk fire and dangerous battery failures if the user is not knowledgeable enough about electrical principles and how they relate to battery safety.[55] Wicking materials vary from one atomizer to another.[56] "Rebuildable" or "do it yourself" atomizers can use silica, cotton, rayon, porous ceramic, hemp, bamboo yarn, oxidized stainless steel mesh and even wire rope cables as wicking materials.[56] A 45mm length, extra-long cartomizer. The cartomizer was invented in 2007, integrating the heating coil into the liquid chamber.[57] A "cartomizer" (a portmanteau of cartridge and atomizer.[58]) or "carto" consists of an atomizer surrounded by a liquid-soaked poly-foam that acts as an e-liquid holder.[3] They can have up to 3 coils and each coil will increase vapor production.[3] The cartomizer is usually discarded when the e-liquid starts to taste burnt, which usually happens when the e-cigarette is activated with a dry coil or when the cartomizer gets consistently flooded (gurgling) because of sedimentation of the wick.[3] Most cartomizers are refillable even if not advertised as such.[3][59] Cartomizers can be used on their own or in conjunction with a tank that allows more e-liquid capacity.[3] The portmanteau word "cartotank" has been coined for this.[60] When used in a tank, the cartomizer is inserted in a plastic, glass or metal tube and holes or slots have to be punched on the sides of the cartomizer so liquid can reach the coil.[3] eGo style e-cigarette with a top-coil clearomizer. Silica fibers are hanging down freely inside of the tank, drawing e-liquid by capillary action to the coil that is located directly under the mouthpiece. The clearomizer was invented in 2009 that originated from the cartomizer design.[57] It contained the wicking material, an e-liquid chamber, and an atomizer coil within a single clear component.[57] This allows the user to monitor the liquid level in the device.[57] Clearomizers or "clearos", are like cartotanks, in that an atomizer is inserted into the tank.[61] There are different wicking systems used inside clearomizers.[3] Some rely on gravity to bring the e-liquid to the wick and coil assembly (bottom coil clearomizers for example) and others rely on capillary action or to some degree the user agitating the e-liquid while handling the clearomizer (top coil clearomizers).[3][62] The coil and wicks are typically inside a prefabricated assembly or "head" that is replaceable by the user.[63] Clearomizers are made with adjustable air flow control.[64] Tanks can be plastic or borosilicate glass.[65] Some flavors of e-juice have been known to damage plastic clearomizer tanks.[65] Box mod e-cigarette fitted with a rebuildable dripping atomizer (RDA). A view of the RDA deck showing the wicks and coils, juice is dripped into a hopper where the wicks rest as well as atop the coil assembly. A rebuildable atomizer or an RBA is an atomizer that allows the user to assemble or "build" the wick and coil themselves instead of replacing them with off-the-shelf atomizer "heads".[10] They are generally considered advanced devices.[66] They also allow the user to build atomizers at any desired electrical resistance.[10] These atomizers are divided into two main categories; rebuildable tank atomizers (RTAs) and rebuildable dripping atomizers (RDAs).[67] Rebuildable tank atomizers (RTAs) have a tank to hold liquid that is absorbed by the wick.[68] They can hold up to 4ml of e-liquid.[69] The tank can be either plastic, glass, or metal.[65] One form of tank atomizers was the Genesis style atomizers.[68] They can use ceramic wicks, stainless steel mesh or rope for wicking material.[68] The steel wick must be oxidized to prevent arcing of the coil.[68] Another type is the Sub ohm tank.[69] These tanks have rebuildabe or RBA kits.[69] They can also use coilheads of 0.2ohm 0.4hom and 0.5ohm.[69] These coilheads can have stainless steel coils.[70] Rebuildable dripping atomizers (RDAs) are atomizers where the e-juice is dripped directly onto the coil and wick.[71] The common nicotine strength of e-liquids used in RDA's is 3 mg and 6 mg.[71] Liquids used in RDA's tend to have more vegetable glycerin.[71] They typically consist only of an atomizer "building deck", commonly with three posts with holes drilled in them, which can accept one or more coils.[51] The user needs to manually keep the atomizer wet by dripping liquid on the bare wick and coil assembly, hence their name.[71] Kanthal wire is commonly used in both RDA's and RTA's.[71] They can also use nickel wire or titanium wire for temperature control.[71] Variable devices are variable wattage, variable voltage or both.[40][46] Variable power and/or variable voltage have a electronic chip allowing the user to adjust the power applied to the heating element.[12][46] The amount of power applied to the coil affects the heat produced, thus changing the vapor output.[12][32] Greater heat from the coil increases vapor production.[32] Variable power devices monitor the coil's resistance and automatically adjust the voltage to apply the user-specified level of power to the coil.[72] Recent devices can go up to 8 V.[39] They are often rectangular but can also be cylindrical.[47] They usually have a screen to show information such as voltage, power, and resistance of the coil.[73] To adjust the settings, the user presses buttons or rotates a dial to turn the power up or down.[32] Some of these devices include additional settings through their menu system such as: atomizer resistance meter, remaining battery voltage, puff counter, and power-off or lock.[74] The power source is the biggest component of an e-cigarette,[14] which is frequently a rechargeable lithium-ion battery.[4] Smaller devices contain smaller batteries and are easier to carry but typically require more repeated recharging.[4] Some e-cigarettes use a long lasting rechargeable battery, a non-rechargeable battery or a replaceable battery that is either rechargeable or non-rechargeable for power.[26] Some companies offer portable chargeable cases to recharge e-cigarettes.[26] Nickel-cadmium (NiCad), nickel metal-hydride (NiMh), lithium ion (Li-ion), alkaline and lithium polymer (Li-poly), and lithium manganese (LiMn) batteries have been used for the e-cigarettes power source.[26] PV with variable and regulated power offering battery protection. Temperature control devices allow the user to set the temperature.[71] There is a predictable change to the resistance of a coil when it is heated.[75] The resistance changes are different for different types of wires, and must have a high temperature coefficient of resistance.[75] Temperature control is done by detecting that resistance change to estimate the temperature and adjusting the voltage to the coil to match that estimate.[76] Nickel, titanium, NiFe alloys, and certain grades of stainless steel are common materials used for wire in temperature control.[71] The most common wire used, kanthal, cannot be used because it has a stable resistance regardless of the coil temperature.[75] Nickel was the first wire used because of it has the highest coefficient of the common metals.[75] Mechanical PV with a rebuildable atomizer. The temperature can be adjusted in Celsius or Fahrenheit.[77] The DNA40 and SX350J are common control boards used in temperature control devices.[78] Temperature control can stop dry wicks from burning, or e-liquid overheating.[78] Mechanical PVs or mechanical "mods", often called "mechs", are devices without integrated circuits, electronic battery protection, or voltage regulation.[46] They are activated by a switch.[71] They rely on the natural voltage output of the battery and the metal that the mod is made of often is used as part of the circuit itself.[79] The term "mod" was originally used instead of "modification".[10] Users would modify existing hardware to get better performance, and as an alternative to the e-cigarettes that looked like traditional cigarettes.[32] Users would also modify other unrelated items like flashlights as battery compartments to power atomizers.[32][47] The word mod is often used to describe most personal vaporizers.[3] Mechanical PVs have no power regulation and are unprotected.[71] Because of this ensuring that the battery does not over-discharge and that the resistance of the atomizer requires amperage within the safety limits of the battery is the responsibility of the user.[79]
Construction of electronic cigarettes UK
[Thorpe] Welcometo Beyond the Data.
I'm Dr.
Phoebe Thorpe, and herewith me today is Dr.
Brian King from CDC's Office onSmoking and Health.
Thank you for joining us Brian.
[King] Thanks somuch for having me.
It's a pleasure to be here.
[Thorpe] Our topictoday is E-cigarettes.
Can you tell us why they areconsidered a tobacco product? [King] Yes, so in the UnitedStates we regulate tobacco products through the US Foodand Drug Administration, and the way they describe atobacco product is any product that's made or derivedfrom tobacco.
And we know that the vastmajority of nicotine that's used in tobacco products,including e-cigarettes, is indeed derived from tobacco.
So since these productscontain nicotine, we consider them a tobaccoproduct in the United States.
[Thorpe] And E-cigarettesare little bit different than regular cigarettes.
Can you describe how they work? [King] Yeah, so E-cigarettes isshort for electronic cigarettes, but we know them by alot of different names.
And they can be calledthings like vapor products, hookah pens, vape pens, butthe bottom line is they're all really the same product.
And they work by containinga liquid that's heated which the user then inhales intotheir lungs, and it's important to note that this isn'ttechnically a vapor which is how peoplefrequently refer to.
It's actually an aerosol thatcontains small particles as well as various other ingredientsthat the user inhales, and so there's no combustion.
You're not burning anything, butthere is a heating of the liquid which turns into an aerosolwhich the user inhales.
And they can alsoexhale into the air as other bystandersare around them.
[Thorpe] And the aerosolis not just water vapor.
I mean, that's animportant part to understand because I get asked as aphysician about E-cigarettes, and the thing from the session that I found veryinteresting was the idea that were not reallycertain about the risks that flavorings addto E-cigarettes.
The one that was mentioned wasthe butter flavoring Diacetyl that has been associatedwith bronchiolitis obliterans or what's called popcorn lung,which is a deadly disease.
What more do we know aboutthe risks of E-cigarettes? [King] So our knowledgeabout what's contained in both the E-cigaretteliquid as well as the aerosol hascontinued to evolve over time that these products enteredthe United States marketplace in around 2007.
They didn't really start touptick in use until 2010, 2011.
But, since that time, we reallyincreased the amount of research into what these productscontain.
And what we can say isthat the aerosol admitted by these productsis not harmless.
We do know that the ingredients and the levels aresignificantly less dangerous than conventional cigarettes,but that doesn't mean that they're completelyrisk-free.
And so, some of theingredients we found in the E-cigaretteaerosol are things like ultrafine particulatethat can be inhaled very deep into the lungs, and alsoheavy metals that are found in the filaments of the deviceand are omitted in the aerosol, as well as, things likevolatile organic compounds.
But one of the most commoningredients is nicotine, and we know that nicotineis highly addictive.
But there's alsoevidence indicating that it can harm thedeveloping adolescent brain which really makes itimportant for youth to avoid these devices.
In addition to some of theseother harmful ingredients, we also know the flavorings.
And so, Diacetyl is justone, but there are a variety of different flavoringsthat are used that, although they may be safe toingest in things like food, we don't know what the risks are for inhaling thesedevices into the lungs.
You know, your gut can handlea lot more than your lungs, and that's reallyimportant when we look at the ingredientsin these products.
And finally, it's alsoimportant to remember that people are using a lotof things in E-cigarettes, and that includes otherpsychoactive substances like marijuana andTHC and others.
And so, when we are talkingabout youth in particular, the use of both the nicotinecontaining varieties as well as other varietiesfor other types of drugs are really apublic health concern.
[Thorpe] Okay.
But we have had somerecent good news about the youth meaningmiddle school and high school useof E-cigarettes.
Can you tell me about that? [King] Yes.
It's really a commendablepublic health accomplishment.
We started assessing E-cigaretteuse among youth in this country in 2011, and through 2015,we saw exponential increases in the use of this product.
And 2016 was the first time that we actually saw declineamong youth in this country, and that was really a resultof the coordinated efforts to not only educate thepublic about the harms of youth E-cigarette use but also implementingcommon sense strategies to not only prevent youth accessbut also to protect people from the aerosol andpublic environments and various other campaigns to educate peopleabout these products.
But, on balance, the badnews is that we still have over 2 million youth thatare using E-cigarettes, and they're now the mostcommonly used tobacco products used among US youth.
So we made great progress,but we really need to continue that momentum toreduce all forms of tobacco productuse among youth.
[Thorpe] So it's going down, butnot as lot much as we'd like.
So what's driving the use ofthe E-cigarettes in teens? [King] So there's avariety of factors that we believe are contributingto these increased rates of use among youth thatwe saw through 2015.
One of the most notable is theadvertising for these products.
We know that many of the themesand tactics that have been used to advertise conventionalcigarettes are frequently used for E-cigarettes.
And we also know thatthere's some media of for which conventional cigaretteadvertising is banned that is allowed forE-cigarettes.
Things like television.
And so, there's reallya prominent advertising of these products, and we know that it's reachingkids in particular.
About 18 million US youthreported being exposed to E-cigarette ads in 2014.
Another factor isflavorings, and we know, from the existing science, that flavorings can beparticularly appealing in terms of enticing youth and youngadults to use tobacco products.
And a variety of E-cigarettesare flavored, and we know, from the existing data, thatabout two thirds of youth who use these cigarettes reportusing flavored varieties, and flavors are the mostcommonly cited reason for why youth startedusing these products.
And so, in the end, wereally have a situation where you know the advertisingis bringing the horse to water.
The flavorings aregetting them to drink, and then the nicotine is keepingthem coming back for more.
And so, it's kind of aperfect storm in terms of the youth rates of this use.
But the good news is, we knowwhat works to prevent that.
And if we implement those commonsense public health strategies, we can continue to seethe declines that we saw within the past yearamong our nation's youth.
[Thorpe] And the realconcern is about nicotine and the teenage brain.
Can you just briefly tell mea little bit more about that? [King] Yeah.
So nicotine is found in thevast majority of E-cigarettes that are sold on the U.
marketand, you know, nicotine we use in things like nicotinereplacement therapy among adults.
And it can be, youknow, an effective drug to help people quitconventional cigarette smoking.
But it's important to note thatthose are in very measured doses and weans the individual off of conventional cigarettesover time.
But nicotine is notnecessarily risk-free.
Particularly forvulnerable populations.
We know that nicotineis highly addictive, but there's also a growingbody of scientific evidence that was outlined in a recentSurgeon General's Report noting that nicotine exposure can harmthe developing adolescent brain.
And we know that thebrain continues to develop into young adulthood upthrough 25 or 26, and so, there's really implicationsfor not only youth use of these products butalso young adult use of any nicotine containingproduct.
And another thing to remember with nicotine is it'salso been shown to result in adverse health outcomesamong pregnant women in particularly fetal toxicity.
So there's also implications about pregnant womenusing any form of nicotine containing product,and so, it's really important for them to talk with theirphysician before they use any type of nicotine containingproduct including E-cigarettes.
[Thorpe] So is there a placethat physicians could go to learn a little bitmore about these parts with the E-cigarettesand the nicotine? [King] So there's many resourcesthat have been developed over the past fewyears, particularly as the sciences begun to grow.
And we have, you know,more concrete evidence about what works effectivelyto help warn people about these products and alsoprovide them scientific-based information to makeinformed decisions.
And in 2016, the U.
SurgeonGeneral released a landmark report on E-cigarette useamong youth and young adults.
And as part of therelease of that report, there were severalmaterials including resources and provider cards to helphealth professionals really communicate to both childrenand adults about these products.
And so, in the context of youth, it really enforces theimportance of warning them about the dangersof these products.
Particularly with regardto the nicotine content.
And among adults, it's amore nuanced conversation about knowing that we dohave FDA approved medications to help people quit, and thoseshould really be the first line of defense to help you quit.
And if that doesn't work, youcan consider E-cigarettes, but in consultation withyour healthcare provider.
And right now, based onthe evidence we have, there is no conclusive evidencethat E-cigarettes are effective for long-term cessation, andso, it's really important to use those resources thatwe know are most effective to help you quitand in coordination with your healthcare provider.
[Thorpe] And then foryouth, where if parents or other adults wanted to knowmore about how they could talk to teens and young adults aboutthe risks of E-cigarettes, where would they find someinformation about that? [King] So as part of the releaseof the Surgeon General's Report, there's an excellent interactivewebsite that was coordinated with the release of that report, and it isE-cigarettes.
And it has a varietyof information on both the reportitself as well as a public service announcementas well as informational cards for both parents andclinicians to educate our youth and young adults in particularabout the dangers and risks of using these products.
[Thorpe] That sounds like anexcellent place for our viewers to go and see whatthey can find out.
Thank you very muchfor joining us.
[King] Thank you verymuch for having me.
[Thorpe] And thankyou for joining us.
See you next monthon Beyond the Data.


text:
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ECON4700 - Seminar On Research In Econ
Summer 2019
This course develops efficiency and skill in conducting research and communicating the results with written and oral presentations. The rhetoric and methodology of economic research is examined. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of communication skills in economic analysis.
Prerequisites: (ECON1020 AND ECON1030) or ECON1010
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Politics & Government
Washington, Colorado senators urge Obama to be consistent on marijuana
After nearly two years of sending conflicting signals on the legalization of marijuana, the Obama administration finds itself under increased pressure from all sides to deliver a consistent message on where it stands.
Democratic senators from Washington state and Colorado entered the fray Tuesday, releasing a letter that complained that federal agencies "have taken different approaches that seem to be at odds with one another."
The senators — Patty Murray and Maria Cantwell from Washington state, and Mark Udall and Michael Bennet of Colorado — cited two decisions this year that have puzzled proponents and opponents alike.
In February the administration said it would advise U.S. attorneys not to prosecute banks that illegally allowed marijuana stores to open accounts and accept credit card payments. But in May, the Bureau of Reclamation said it wouldn't allow any federally controlled water to be used on marijuana crops because Congress had banned the drug.
The White House is getting an earful on the subject this week after The New York Times called Sunday for ending the national prohibition of marijuana.
While the senators want the federal government to back their states in taxing and selling marijuana to users over 21, legalization opponents say President Barack Obama isn't doing enough to enforce federal laws that prohibit the drug. They want him to convene a gathering of scientists and health care experts to put a spotlight on the issue.
"We can no longer accept a see-no-evil, hear-no-evil marijuana policy," said Patrick Kennedy, a former Democratic congressman from Rhode Island who's a co-founder of the anti-legalization group Project Sam (Smart Approaches to Marijuana). "Negative consequences are mounting."
Washington state and Colorado opened pot stores this year after voters there legalized marijuana in 2012. Colorado went first, in January, followed by Washington state earlier this month. While the Justice Department said last August that it would allow the states to proceed under certain conditions, the White House said Monday it remains opposed to national legalization.
"The administration's position on this issue has not changed," White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest said Tuesday.
Earnest said he hadn't seen the senators' letter, but he noted that the Department of Justice has established "some guidelines for administering the law in the unique circumstances that exist in Colorado and Washington state." He said he was unaware whether the administration was reviewing agency policies, and he referred reporters to the separate agencies involved for more details on how they'd untangle further conflicts.
On Monday night, the National Drug Control Policy Office, headed by acting Director Michael Botticelli, responded to The New York Times' editorial, saying legalization "is not the silver bullet solution."
"In its argument, The New York Times editorial team failed to mention a cascade of public health problems associated with the increased availability of marijuana," the drug czar's office said in a statement, adding that "any discussion on the issue should be guided by science and evidence, not ideology and wishful thinking."
Among the health issues cited by the drug czar: Marijuana use is associated with cognitive impairment, hurts academic achievement, is addictive and affects reaction time, which can make it dangerous to drive.
In their letter, the senators said they understood the "legal complexity" surrounding marijuana issues but urged the White House to "assume a central and coordinating role" and to provide "uniform guidance" to all federal agencies and departments.
"Without such guidance, our states' citizens face uncertainty and risk the inconsistent application of federal law in Colorado and Washington state, including the potential for selective enforcement actions and prosecution," the senators said in a letter Monday to White House Chief of Staff Denis McDonough and Attorney General Eric Holder.
In his statement, Kennedy said administration officials were ignoring the marijuana issue, even though they'd promised that the government "would be measuring and surveying the damage of legalization."
"So far there has been nothing," he said.
Backing Kennedy's call for a summit, Dr. Stuart Gitlow, the president of the American Society of Addiction Medicine, said lawmakers and the media were sending a message to the public that marijuana use came with few negative consequences.
"It is time we all set the record straight," he said.
Obama, who's acknowledged smoking marijuana while growing up in Hawaii, made headlines earlier this year when he said he thought that using marijuana was less harmful than consuming alcohol. In December 2012, just a month after the legalization votes in Washington state and Colorado, he said he had "bigger fish to fry" than to worry about recreational pot smoking in the states.
Mason Tvert, a spokesman for the pro-legalization Marijuana Policy Project, said it was clear that Obama "still has some evolving to do when it comes to marijuana policy."
"The White House is clutching at straws to make its case that marijuana should remain illegal, and the hypocrisy is as glaring as ever," he said. "President Obama has acknowledged that marijuana is less harmful than alcohol to the consumer, yet his administration somehow maintains the position that marijuana is just too dangerous to allow responsible adult use."


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WASHINGTON (AP) Otto Porter had 17 points and grabbed the game's decisive rebound with 1.4 seconds to play Saturday, leading Georgetown to a 53-51 win over No. 5 Louisville, the Cardinals' third straight loss.
Trailing by one, Louisville had several chances to take the lead in the final 2 minutes. After getting the ball back on a disputed held ball ruling, the Cardinals kept the ball for a final shot. Peyton Siva, who didn't score in the game, missed the jumper, Porter grabbed the rebound and was fouled.
Porter finished with 12 rebounds for the up-and-down Hoyas (14-4, 4-3 Big East), who prevailed in another fast-paced entertaining game to go with the poor-shooting clunkers they have had this season. Georgetown has beaten ranked teams Notre Dame and Louisville in consecutive games, quite a contrast from laborious losses to South Florida, St. John's and Pittsburgh.
Russ Smith, taken out of the starting lineup, finished with 12 points, while Luke Hancock and Gorgui Dieng also had 12 for the Cardinals (16-4, 4-3), who have their longest losing streak since January 2010. No. 1 in the country a week ago, Louisville then fell to Syracuse and Villanova - and the shakeup from coach Rick Pitino couldn't stop the losing streak.
Pitino went with Hancock in the starting five over Smith, who went 2 for 13 against Villanova, his second 2-for-13 performance this month. Smith was on the bench for the start of both halves, but didn't sit long either time and played 29 minutes. Meanwhile, Siva played only 23 minutes because of foul trouble.
Aaron Bowen's acrobatic tip-in - his only points of the game - gave Georgetown a 52-50 lead with 3 1/2 minutes left. Louisville's Chane Behanan made 1 of 2 free throws to cut the lead to one with 2:22 to play - leading to more doubts about the Cardinals' ability to hit from the line in the clutch.
Louisville went 12 for 12 from the free throw line in the first half but just 4 for 10 in the second. The Cardinals went 12 for 24 against Villanova, including several key misses late in the game.
Georgetown shot well early and led by as many as nine points in the first half, taking a 24-15 lead on Porter's 3-pointer about midway through the period. But the Cardinals were able to penetrate and get whistles, scoring 10 straight points and 11 of their last 15 in the first half from the free throw line to trail 33-29 at halftime.
Hancock's 3-pointer early in the second half gave Louisville its first lead since early in the game. He made another 3-pointer shortly afterward, but the Cardinals then made only one field goal over an 8-minute stretch while Georgetown's Markel Starks made a layup, a jumper and a runner to help give the Hoyas a 45-39 lead with 9 minutes to play.
Smith then led the Louisville resurgence, scoring the Cardinals' next three field goals and providing the assist for Dieng's dunk that tied the score at 48 with 5:40 remaining.
Follow Joseph White on Twitter:http://twitter.com/JGWhiteAP