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English Literature A Level (Distance Learning) at National Extension College *Fees Payable*
Course description
If you have an interest in reading and literature, and want to improve your ability to analyse texts and think critically, our A level in English literature is a great choice. You'll learn about how and why authors use language to convey different meanings, develop your evaluative skills and improve your ability to compare different texts. Using pre-twentieth century literature as well as some more modern works, the course examines the cultural and social contexts in which different books were written and encourages the effective use of textual evidence to form cohesive and convincing answers to essay questions.
You should allow for between 250 and 300 hours' study time, plus additional time for completing assignments. You will have tutor support for a period of up to 18 months from the date of enrolment.
Course content
Unit 1: Texts in context
- Part 1: The Oxford Book of War Poetry
- Attitudes to war
- Images of nature
- The soldier's perspective
- The poems of Wilfred Owen
- Reflections on the war
- Poems written after the war
- Part 2: Contextual linking
- Newdigate Parish Magazine
- The diary of Private W. Hay
- Statement by Siegfried Sassoon
- Letter from Wilfred Owen
- Goodbye to All That
- Testament of Youth
Unit 2: Creative study
- Part 1: Strange Meeting
- Part One
- Part Two
- Part Three
- Character, theme, language and style
- Part 2: Journey's End
- Act I
Act II
- Act III
- Character, theme, language and style
Unit 3: Reading for meaning: love through the ages
- Part 1: Texts of the same genre
- Unrequited love
- Love of one's country
- Love between women
- Love after death
- False protestations of love
- Love between men
- Mother and daughter love
- Women's love for their husbands
- The first kiss
- Incestuous love
- Part 2: Texts of different genres
- Loveless relationships
- Murderous love
- Jealousy
- Love for God
- Love of nature
- Lovers apart
- 'Ruin'
- The end of love
- Exploitation
- In extremis
Unit 4: Extended essay and Shakespeare study
- Part 1: Othello
- Act One
- Act Two
- Act Three
- Act Four
- Act Five
- Language, character and themes
- Part 2: The Yellow Wallpaper
- The context of the novel
- The treatment begins
- The narrator's obsession with the wallpaper grows
- The decline into breakdown
- Character, setting, theme and style
- Part 3: The Color Purple
- The context and letters 1–21
- Letters 22–48
- Letters 49–68
- Letters 69–90
- Characterisation, themes and style
Entry requirements
A GCSE in English literature would be helpful but no formal qualifications are necessary.
This course follows specifications 2740 (A level), 1741 (AS) and 2741 (A2) from the awarding organisation AQA. Full details of the specifications can be obtained from AQA's website.
Two exams: 2hrs30m (30% of marks) and 2hrs (30% of marks)
Four AS assignments, six A2 assignments
Two coursework tasks (40% of marks)
Please note that due to upcoming changes the final opportunity to sit exams for this course isSummer 2016.
Financial information
It's your choice: pay in full and discount your course fees, or spread the cost with our finance offer. To pay in instalments, you will need to enrol by telephone.
Representative examples:
Course fee: £545
Deposit: £54.50
Amount of credit: £490.50
Monthly payment: £81.75
Duration of agreement: 6 months
Total repayable: £545
Rate of interest: 0%(fixed)
0% APR representative.
Course fee: £325
Deposit: £32.50
Amount of credit: £292.50
Duration of agreement: 6 months
Total repayable: £325
Rate of interest: 0% (fixed)
0% APR representative.
- EU – £75 for the first course and £40 for second and subsequent courses
- Rest of the world – £130 for the first course and £70 for second and subsequent courses
Further information
Essential textbooks
- The Oxford Book of War Poetry, J. Stallworthy (ed), Oxford University Press, 2008
- Hill, S., Strange Meeting, Penguin Books
- Sherriff, R.C., Journey's End, Penguin Books
- Heinemann Advanced Shakespeare: Othello, J. Seely (ed), Heinemann, 2000
- Walker, A., The Color Purple, Orion Books
- Gilman, C.P., The Yellow Wallpaper and Selected Writings, Virago Press
How to apply
If you want to apply for this course, you will need to contact National Extension College *Fees Payable* directly.


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The team at PCMag has compiled a list of the 99 products and services that they deemed the best of the best this year - and just in time for the holidays.
We're proud to say, LastPass is one of those bulletproof products!
We're thrilled to be recognized as a leading security service and the choice password manager. As always, we continue to work hard to provide a quality product, with valuable features, for free, to make online life a whole lot more manageable. We're especially thankful for our awesome users for their ongoing use and promotion of LastPass.
The LastPass Team

subset: commoncrawl


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Graeme McDowell's journey from a ten year old on the links terrain of Portrush, Northern Ireland, to US Open Champion at Pebble Beach, California, is undoubtedly one of supreme talent, self belief and hard work. But perhaps the most telling attribute of the man who ended Europe's 40-year drought for a US Open Champion on Sunday night is a glint in the eye that reveals a born winner with an unerring ability to turn intense pressure into pure inspiration.
It is always difficult to pinpoint what the French so beautifully describe as 'je ne sais quoi'. No matter what you call it, 'G-Mac', as he is known to everyone in the game, has always had that little bit extra about him. Take that aura of confidence and mix it with the down to earth roots of a modest upbringing in Portrush and you have one the game's good guys.
Born on the north Antrim coast of Northern Ireland in 1979 to parents Kenny and Marion, the middle child of three brothers, Graeme picked up a golf club for the first time aged seven, when his dad would take Graeme and younger brother Gary to the local pitch-and-putt course. At the age of ten, the boys were allowed to join Rathmore, the golf club which shares the world-famous links of Royal Portrush.
It was there that Graeme mastered his craft, spending full summers at the golf club, honing the instinctive ball-striking talent and fearsome competitive spirit that would see him hold off the challenges of, among others, Tiger Woods, Phil Mickelson and Ernie Els to win his first Major title at Pebble Beach.
In between smashing balls across the road from his family home and hoisting aloft the US Open Championship trophy (the first European to do so since Tony Jacklin in 1970), McDowell enjoyed a sparkling golfing ascent that peaked so spectacularly last week.
He quickly rose through the amateur ranks in Ulster, and soon set off for America and a scholarship in Birmingham, Alabama, where, in his last year at College, he won six out of eight tournaments and compiled a season average score of 69.6 that season broke an all-time record held by Tiger Woods and Luke Donald. Next up was a prominent role in a famous Walker Cup victory by the GB&I team at Sea Island, Georgia, in 2001.
He turned professional in May 2002, and within weeks completed a dramatic maiden victory in sudden-death at the Volvo Scandinavian Masters, his fourth outing on the European Tour. McDowell often looks back on that first victory as coming too soon in his career. He found it all too easy and was soon attempting to star on both The European and US PGA Tours but, despite claiming the 2004 Italian Open, the plan stalled and he came up short in his first attempt to break into golf's elite.
The desire was still there though, and with a trademark grin, the boy became a man and assumed total control of his life and career, linking up Irish sports management company, Horizon, forging a powerful bond with one of golf's most experienced caddies, Ken Comboy, taking a year out from club sponsorship to find his ideal manufacturer, Callaway, and going home to Portrush.
All of those brave decisions were vindicated in 2008 when McDowell stormed back onto the world scene with victories in the Ballantine's Championship and The Barclays Scottish Open to cement a place in his first Ryder Cup Team. Europe may have lost The Ryder Cup at Valhalla, but aside from Ian Poulter's unbelievable debut that saw the Englishman win four out of five points, McDowell was amongst Europe's best players, fuelled by the unique, turbo-charged atmosphere.
It was at Valhalla where McDowell revealed himself to be a potential Major winner. The atmosphere at any Ryder Cup is the hottest in golf, and the man from Portrush absorbed every drop of tension and pressure and channelled it into his game.
He may not have the sheer confidence of Poulter, the presence of Woods, the magic of Mickelson or the pedigree of Els, but McDowell possesses a little bit of all the great players of the modern era, and the thing that seems to bring all of those facets together in his game is pure pressure. As the man himself said going into the final round at Pebble Beach: "If I get a chance on Sunday, I'll be ready."
Never before had he been more ready. McDowell travelled to America on the back of a supreme performance at The Celtic Manor Wales Open, where he posted final rounds of 64-63 to win over the Twenty Ten Course – venue for this year's Ryder Cup – by five strokes.
He arrived at Pebble Beach, one of the game's most brutal arenas, from Portrush in the form of his life, went toe-to-toe with the world's best players and emerged as the last man standing. If you take a close look at McDowell posing with the US Open Championship trophy, you will notice a certain glint in his eye burning brightly.


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Industrial Hygiene Experts Serving Alaska
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Find an Industrial Hygiene Expert
Experts in anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, or controlling the environmental factors arising in or from the workplace that may result in injury, illness,or impairment of workers and members of the community or disturb their health and well-being. Industrial Hygiene experts serve as expert witnesses and forensic consultants in Alaska legal matters, and provide expert reports and testimony for judges, attorneys, lawyers, law firms, insurance companies and government agencies in Federal and state court trials and arbitrations in Alaska.
The listings below are of Industrial Hygiene experts serving Alaska.
Featured ListingsCausey Engineering LLC
Gerald Hietpas, PE
Austin, TX
Our Experts are professionals with hands-on Industrial and Construction, office and field experience. They are trained in Forensic Engineering, have a broad scope of knowledge in Industrial Hygiene and Environmental hazards - and apply their knowledge to assist the Trier of Fact.
Expert ListingsEnvironmental Safety Management Corporation
Richard M. Lynch, PhD, CIH
Riverside, NJ
Certified Industrial Hygienist, expert in Indoor Air Quality, Mold and Sewer Contamination, Chemical Exposure, OSHA, Ergonomics, CTS, Back Injury, Product Warnings and Labeling, Noise. Published author.
Gleason Safety
Rick J Gleason, CIH, CSP
Seattle, WA
Mr. Gleason is a Certified Safety Professional and Certified Industrial Hygenist with 36 years of experience. He worked for OSHA and State OSHA for 13 years. He teaches at the University of Wash. in their graduate program in Occupational Health and Safety.
Ernest P. Chiodo, MD, JD, MPH, MS, MBA, CIH
Clinical and Forensic Medicine
Chicago, IL
MD & JD (Wayne State), MPH (Harvard), MS (Biomedical Engineering and Toxicology-WSU), MBA (University of Chicago), MS (University of Oxford), CIH. Physician, Attorney, Certified Industrial Hygienist, Toxicologist & Epidemiologist. Former Medical Director of the Detroit Health Department. Board certified in internal med, occupational & environ. med, & public health. Inducted into the Engineering Hall of Fame (Wayne State University).
Oracle Safety Consulting LLC
Ralph V Collipi Jr, CIH CHMM CPEA
Londonderry, NH
Ralph V Collipi Jr CIH CHMM CPEA has more than 35 years of expertise in industrial hygiene, occupational safety, emergency preparedness and response and regulated waste management. He has knowledge on a wide variety of environmental and safety compliance topics and has been doing witness work since 2009.
Indoor Environments
Dr. Eric Brown, CIH, CSP
Long Beach, CA
Asbestos,Construction Safety, Environmental, Ergonomics, Hazardous Materials, Human Factors Engineering, Industrial Hygiene & Mold, Landlord/Tenant, Lead Poisoning, Occupational/Environmental Health, OSHA, Safety, Wrongful Death.
Atlantic Environmental Inc
Robert Sheriff, Mr
Dover, NJ
Asbestos personal injurydefense and Industrial Hygiene expert witness with over 38 years of experience. Certified Industrial HygienistCIH and Certified Safety ProfessionalCSP with MS Degree in Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health. Served as Expert witness in cases throughout the United States. Former President of AIHA.
Health Safety Services, LLC
Bruce Miller, MS, CIH
Idaho Falls, ID
Expertise in OSHA, Occupational Safety & Health Administration regulations compliance, accident investigation, Indoor Air Quality, water damage, microbial/mold, exposure assessment, Personal Protective Equipment, construction, environmental, lead, asbestos, fall protection.


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You know, the older I get, the more and more I love John Cage; his music, his philosophy, his Zen attitude. Also, judging by the photographs, he smiled and laughed more than any serious artist I've ever seen.
If you go to youtube you can see him performing "Water Walk" on the tv game show "I've Got a Secret," which does in fact have moments of vague insult and agony, but Cage holds up very well, as in fact you'd expect him to, and when the tv host asks him to explain that title "Water Walk", he says "because it contains water and because I walk during the performance."
Elsewhere on youtube, and in other places too, you can find him reciting a text sometimes known as "At the Middle" and sometimes as part of "Lecture on Nothing" and it is certainly included in "Silence." In any case, below is not precisely that text: I have "appropriated" it for my own dubious pedestrian ends, replacing his word "talk" with my word "walk." I hope and trust Mr. Cage would not have objected. My typographical layout is considerably more orthodox than his usually was.
Here we are now at the beginning of the fourth large part of this walk. More and more I have the feeling that we are getting nowhere. Slowly, as the walk goes on, we are getting nowhere and that is a pleasure. It is not irritating to be where one is. It is only irritating to think one would like to be somewhere else.
Here we are now a little bit after the beginning of the fourth large part of this walk. More and more we have the feeling that I am getting nowhere. Slowly, as the walk goes on, slowly, we have the feeling we are getting nowhere. That is a pleasure which will continue. If we are irritated it is not a pleasure.


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India, Iran to resolve crisis in Afghanistan
Ton of cannabis seized in Albania
Turkey accuses France of genocide in Algeria
Government pledges to cultivate human rights
World Bank says climate change talks bring 'good and bad news' for the Caribbean
Five Argentines Die in Traffic Accident in Southern Brazil
Armenian women's national team beats Vietnam's team
Bolivian Minister Highlights Economic Growth
Due to Too Little Structure & Too Much Pesticide Brazil Exports Less than 1% of Its Fruit
Chinese Goods Top Christmas Wish List In Cameroon
Toronto Convention Inspires Canada Muslims
Remembering the spirit of Canadians unjustly interned
Chinese dissident Chen Wei gets 9 years in prison
Snack makers face expired food probe
Facebook Follows Server Brains From Taiwan to China
Colombia, The Netherlands Sign Rivers Dredging Agreement
Congo: What's Rwanda got to do with it? Interview
Illegal bird trapping a surging problem in Cyprus
Egypt's Amina Diab forges ahead with handbag collection
From Burning Bodies To Burning Books: Egypt Becoming "House Of Dust' (Perspective)
Seadrill semi-tender rig gig off Equatorial Guinea
Ethiopia: Swedish journalists to spend 11years in prison
Finland Authorities Clear MS Thor Liberty With 11 Ukrainian Citizens On Board After Finding Explosives To Travel Again
Guinea to review mining contract – Mr. Alpha Conde
Guwahati campus to become operational next June, says TISS Director
Don't write off the India story yet (Perspective)
Iran and Russia survey regional developments
Iran envoy: Abducted engineers in Syria are safe and sound
Iran threatens to stop Gulf oil if sanctions widened
Stop worrying and learn to love the Iranian bomb (Perspective)
Anti-Whaling Activists Use Drone to Track Japanese Fleet
Japanese PM Noda in India on economic mission
Libyan health minister visits Jordan field hospital
Serbia returns to dominate Kosovo market
Kuwait donates 1 million to support Gaza preschool children
Second consignment of Kuwaiti fuel donation arrives in Benghazi
Lebanese al Qaeda operative eulogizes Jordanian killed in Afghanistan
Aid workers in Libya ponder future role in oil-rich country
Benetton Donates UnHate Statue To Libyan Capitol
PM, wife unharmed as shots fired close to Girgenti Palace
Montenegro police arrests 16 members of international drug trafficking ring
Journalist Denied Access Into His Office
On the Verge of a Clean Energy Transformation: Morocco
Burmese embassy in Thailand appoints labour official
A 'children's crisis' unfolds in West and Central Africa's Sahel region (Press Release)
Christians flee north as Nigeria mourns church bomb victims
Web blackout helps North Korea craft new cult of Kim
Pirates Seize Enrico Ievoli Ship With Five Ukrainians On Board Near Oman
The Rights of the Child (Perspective)
Egyptian Foreign Minister in Russia to discuss Syria crisis
Country Committed in Fight Against Climate Change - Kamanzi
AIDS patient sues Qunfuda hospital
KSA residents protest fines for 'wasting water'
Value of Saudi's delayed public projects hits $147bn
Mobile phone subscriptions in Kingdom up to 56.1m in Q3
'Hafiz' flayed for precluding job hunters above 35
Endless debate over death penalty (Perspective)
EALA roots for disaster experts in the region
SA envoy visits drug mules in Thailand jails
Discovery of world's oldest bedding in SA (VIDEO)
South Sudan's entrance on world stage includes setting up Washington embassy
South Sudan: Africa's next farming frontier
Creating a film industry in South Sudan from scratch
Sri Lanka: Fresh Insights On Attempts To Join ASEAN – Analysis
Steps to Launch the Sudanese Satellite
Electricity consumers soon to decide on tariff hikes
Swiss village in uproar over asylum centre
Switzerland slips in global ranking
Switzerland to renew Turkish-Armenian mediation
Telecomix hackers helping Syrians detect and avoid government surveillance online
Syrian NGOs: A dual-use technology?
"30%" Syria Oil Production fall, Minister
Syria refugees find sanctuary in Libya
Taiwan poll campaigns spark merchandise
New prevention policy needed for tuberculosis: medical expert
Renowned Taiwan Lantern Festival set to light up heavens on February 6
Taiwan monastery hopes to attract tourists to see Buddha's tooth
Diplomatic, Trade Row As Dar Blocks Ugandan Exports
Serengeti Investor Speeds Up Social and Economic Development
World Bank stresses improvement of public health facilities in Tanzania
Investor: Tanzania good for pay TV
Thailand battles with post-flood clean-up (VIDEO)
Thailand wires up with free Wi-Fi
Thailand prepares to be cloud hub
Seventh Anniversary of Thailand's Boxing Day Tsunami (VIDEO)
Zimbabwean art show opens next week in Bangkok
The Arctic
NOAA issues draft study for Arctic Sea oil drilling
The battle for free speech continues
Tonga's Speaker facing arrest when he returns to the country
First Community of Cyber-hackers Founded in Tunisia
Train Operators Join the National Wave of Strikes
New Islamic Tunisian TV Channel "Al Kalam" Announced
Air France launches new direct flights to Tunisia destination
Tourists visiting Turkey hit 30 million this year, surpassing target
Turkey is the answer (Perspective)
Man Groomed by Gorillas On Trek in Uganda
Activists oppose plan to build railway through national park
The Joys of a Christmas Celebration in the Village
A List of the Most Corrupt Would Help the Poor More (Perspective)
Time is now for Ugandans to rise against the cancer of corruption (Perspective)
Ukraine becomes the European capital of rabies
Russia, Ukraine do not envision gas war this year
Ukraine, Turkey sign visa-free travel agreement
UAE pledges to bolster China-Arab trade relations
100 distressed overseas foreign workers in Abu Dhabi spend Christmas in shelter
UAE launches first association for policewomen in Arab world
Property market is being rebuilt in the UAE
Emirates Airline Launches U.S. TV Ad Campaign (VIDEO)
UK businesses investing in social media for 2012
Morrissey named PETA UK Person of the Year
America's Best Kept Secret: Rising Suburban Poverty
U.S. gets holiday gift in the form of Occupy Wall Street (Perspective)
US needs to act as melting ice transforms Arctic (Perspective)
No more panties in public eye in Uzbekistan
Venezuela: UN human rights experts voice alarm at extended detention of judge
Hugo Chávez claims that Venezuela's economic strengthening "is amazing"
Vietnam freezes oil product prices, eyes import tax on gasoline
Vietnam masterpieces in auction for the poor
New high-income consumers emerge in Vietnam
Endangered wildlife dealers arrested in southern Vietnam
A windsurfing nightmare called Maho Beach
U.S. foreign aid done right (Perspective)
Yemen malnutrition data should "shock"
The Emergence of a New Political & Social Consciousness in Yemen (Perspective)
Stray Dogs 'Besiege' Kapiri Mposhi, Spread Rabies
MTN Zambia deploys first solar-powered site
WFP buy local scheme helps farmers
Zimbabwe loses again on AIDS funding


text: What's what? In Israel, the shape of a boureka pastry traditionally tells you what's inside. Now the country's chief rabbis want the shapes to get a lot more specific to help people keep kosher. Emily Harris/NPR hide caption toggle caption Emily Harris/NPR The Salt Israel's Rabbis Seek To Bend Pastries To Their Will June 13, 2013 The council of rabbis that regulates everything connected with Jewish religious law in Israel now wants to change the shape of bourekas, a type of stuffed pastry popular among Israelis. The move is aimed at helping people keep kosher. But if the rabbis succeed, says one cafe owner, "there really is no limit to their power."


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LSL - Brand Shop
Design and function at the highest level
Anybody who looks at the LSL conversion projects can see straight away that the people work with a great deal of passion and at least equally as much technical expertise. It is true that LSL places enormous value on creating a great look for all of its products, but maximum biking pleasure through excellent performance is always central to every product development. LSL has made an extremely good name for itself in the field of ergonomic optimization (handlebars, grips, levers and footrests). LSL also specialises in chassis- and hydraulic components, crash protection and lighting. Several accolades testify to the fact that LSL has taken the right approach with its commitment to technical finesse and quality without compromise – such as the fact LSL has won the 2013 "PS" magazine readers' choice award in the "accessories/conversions" category for the fifth consecutive time.
Highlights from LSL
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I Will Lead You
1. Will you hear when he says, "I will lead you"?
Will you go when he says, "Come follow me"?
When the way goes beyond your view, through trials you can't see,
"I will lead you," he offers tenderly.
2. When you're lost, find his words, "I will lead you."
You will find he has walked this path before.
Trust in him. He sees all the things no mortal eye can see.
"I will lead you," he calls eternally.
Come follow him through heaven's door
To light and life forevermore.
3. In the night, his promise shines, "I will lead you."
He's the light that enables you to see.
Just be still, know that he's the one who sees what you can be.
"I will lead you," he calls eternally.
"I will lead you, if you will follow me."
Text: Clive Romney
Music: Ron Simpson
Artist: Romney/Simpson
Album: Music Published in the Church Magazines: New Era
Composition Date: 1989-10-01
More Info: New Era


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It's warm outside. The sun is shining bright and white cumulus clouds drift in the blue skies. You notice your students' eyes wandering outside as you are trying to find ways to keep their' minds engaged in their science class. You are desperately wishing that you could take your students out of doors while also teaching content related to the National Science Education Standards.
Good news! Outdoor projects such as planting and maintaining a garden satisfy all aspects of scientific inquiry by inviting interactive and hands-on exploration. By creating a garden, students will be able to look at how energy moves throughout an ecosystem. Furthermore, such an activity fosters students' ability to conduct original research by coming up with their own ways to collect data on a wide range of questions. Outdoor projects also allow students to make observations that are both qualitative and quantitative.
In 2009, Michelle Obama and Washington-area school kids planted the White House vegetable garden. Watch a video of First Lady Obama touring the organic vegetable garden and discussing her goal of educating children about healthy eating. Then read the accompanying article by Dan Shapley with your students. Seeing our government take action will help students to see the importance of their own school garden project. You can see more coverage of the White House garden on a Washington City Paper blog, which was recorded on April 8, 2010.
Connecting to Standards
Outdoor projects, such as planting and maintaining an organic garden, align with the following content standards for grades 5-8 from the National Science Education Standards.
Content Standard C: Life Science
Regulation and Behavior
-All organisms must be able to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment.
Populations and Ecosystems
–For ecosystems, the major source of energy is sunlight. Energy entering ecosystems as sunlight is transferred by producers into chemical energy through photosynthesis. That energy then passes from organism to organism in food webs.
Background Information
What is organic gardening?
Organic gardening does not use synthetic fertilizers or pesticides. Organic gardeners choose plants that are suitable to their specific climate and environmental conditions. It is also important to consider the soil, water supply, wildlife, insects, and even people. Organic gardeners try to minimize any resources the garden consumes, replenishing resources with organic matter.
Why should we garden organically?
When you grow vegetables organically, you are not only eating healthier but also creating a sustainable and more balanced ecosystem. Furthermore, obtaining produce from your own garden is often cheaper than buying it from a grocery store.
Organicgardening.com is an online resource that will answer many questions about organic gardening.
Learning Objectives
Creating an organic classroom garden can be a year-long endeavor, which encourages you to go outdoors with your students. By the end of the gardening project, your students will have:
-An understanding of how organisms may interact with one another.
-An understanding of how changes in an organism's ecosystem/habitat affect its survival.
-An understanding of how an organism can only survive if its needs are met (e.g., food, water, shelter, air).
-An understanding of how all organisms cause changes in their ecosystem and how these changes can be beneficial, neutral, or detrimental.
-An understanding of food chains and food webs (e.g., producers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and decomposers).
-An understanding of how natural occurrences and human activity affect the transfer of energy in an ecosystem.
-An understanding of how the number of organisms an ecosystem can support depends on adequate biotic resources and abiotic resources.
-An understanding of how organisms or populations may interact with one another through symbiotic relationships and how some species have become so adapted to each other that neither could survive without the other.
To get your students thinking about organic gardening and the components that it entails, have students come up with a design for a garden. This can be done online, bringing technology into the classroom. KiddoNet offers an online planner that allows students to design a flower garden. If computers are not available, the activity can be done using an 8.5″ by 11″ sheet of copy paper and crayons.
When students have completed their garden design, ask them to explain it in a think-aloud fashion. Use the following questions as a guide. (If students need help researching, you may want to give students the questions before they come up with their designs.)
– How big will your garden be? Why?
– Will it be located in a sunny or shady environment?
– Is the area warm or cool?
– How much rainfall does the area get?
– Is the area close to water sources? If not, what arrangements will be needed to ensure that the garden survives?
– What is the soil like?
– Is the location hilly or flat?
– How many plants do you plan to have in your garden?
– How many types of plants do you plan on having?
– What should you consider when choosing your plants?
– Are animals allowed to enter the garden?
– If so, what types? Are they important in the survival of the garden?
– Is there any symbiosis or mutualism occurring in the garden?
– What energy cycles do you expect to occur?
– What biotic resources are important to your garden?
– What are the relationships between the abiotic and biotic parts of your garden?
– How could you maximize diversity?
– How would increased diversity lead to an increased energy transfer throughout the garden?
– How would the presence of humans and pets affect the energy within the garden?
The type of garden or outdoor project that you actually engage your students in depends on the age of the students, financial means, and time constraints. You may want to consider applying for grants to finance an organic garden project. You can find a list of grant opportunities at the Middle School Portal/Getting Grants page.
Additional Information
Middle School Portal 2 has many resources about gardening. Try Thinking Green? Grow Your Own! Linking Agriculture, Gardening and Technology. This resource guide provides ideas and resources for integrating science and technology into studies of agriculture and gardening. It provides answers to these questions: What, and how, can students learn from gardening? How can gardening be accomplished in urban or suburban sites? What technologies enable agriculture and home gardening? What are the underlying science principles of these technologies? What is the economic impact of agriculture and home gardening? Some related careers are also highlighted.
We Want Your Feedback
We want and need your ideas, suggestions, and observations. What would you like to know more about? What questions have your students asked? We invite you to share with us and other readers by posting your comments. Please check back often for our newest posts or download the RSS feed for this blog. Let us know what you think and tell us how we can serve you better. We appreciate your feedback on all of our Middle School Portal 2 publications. You can also email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
This post was originally written by Brittany Wall and published May 27, 2010 in the Connecting News to the National Science Education Standards blog. The post was updated 4/23/12 by Jessica Fries-Gaither.


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Holding Wall Street accountable in Illinois
Coalition wants to close Illinois tax loopholes for businesses
If corporations paid their fair share of taxes in Illinois, the state's budget crisis would disappear, according to an advocacy group calling for higher taxes on big businesses.
Make Wall Street Pay Illinois says large banks and corporations in Illinois "continue to hoard their wealth" while slipping through tax loopholes and sending jobs to other countries, among other practices the group says hurt communities.
"The big banks broke our economy and caused our budget crisis," the group claims. "They are the reason we have to choose between funding education and public services. It is time for the banks to start pulling their weight."
MWSP points to a 49 percent surge in profit for Illinois-based companies during 2010, adding that the top five publicly traded corporations in the state made $19.7 billion in profit last year. That profit should translate to more revenue for the state, MWSP says, but that's not likely.
The group points to a depreciation tax break for corporations that cost the state $600 million last year, saying Illinois needs to decouple from similar federal tax breaks that cost the state money.
"Large corporations in Illinois are raking in massive profits while the state struggles to make ends meet," MWSP says, explaining that a temporary federal tax break for businesses in 2012 means companies can depreciate capital expenditures all at once instead of parceling them out over time. That will cost Illinois an estimated $600 million because the state's corporate income tax is based on how much federal tax a corporation pays.
MWSP also claims that two large national banks operating in Illinois have greatly reduced their loans to small businesses, hampering business development. From 2007 to 2010, Bank of America reduced small business loans in Illinois by 97 percent, while JP Morgan Chase reduced the same loans by 70 percent, according to data from the U.S. Small Business Administration, which tracks the loans. MWSP says that decline has had "a dramatic effect on unemployment in Illinois," citing the loss of 371,000 jobs in Illinois since 2008.
MWSP calls for an end to "interest rate swaps" – the practice of banks holding state and municipal governments to interest rates set before those banks received federal bailout money. MWSP says the banks themselves pay back the bailout money at interest rates sometimes lower than half a percent, while charging higher interest to the state at around $88 million per year. That figure doesn't include the cost to municipal governments.
Attorneys general in California, Connecticut and Florida are investigating whether the practice constitutes fraud, and MWSP is calling for Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan to hold public hearings on the issue.
"Your power to look into fraud and wrongdoing in the State of Illinois is critical to our communities, and critical to our economic recovery," the group said in a letter to Madigan. "During this revenue crisis, we can't let big banks and Wall Street continue to gouge our communities."
The recently-formed group, which includes Bloomington-based Illinois Peoples Action, pushed a handful of bills regarding home foreclosure in the legislative session that adjourned May 31, but much of their agenda failed to pass as lawmakers grappled with state pensions, workers' compensation, budget issues and more.
House Bill 1109, which would allow municipal governments to put liens on vacant properties owned by banks for failure to maintain the properties, died in committee. House Bill 1810 would have allowed the state to charge banks a $500 fee for each home foreclosure to go toward foreclosure counseling, but that bill also died in committee. The General Assembly did create a Foreclosure Prevention Program Fund to be supported by revenues from a major gambling expansion.
Contact Patrick Yeagle at email@example.com.


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Ric Tapia/NFL
10) Earl Thomas, FS, Seattle Seahawks
As one of the 50 voters for The Associated Press NFL awards, I really struggled with Defensive Player of the Year last season. It was just such a hotly contested field. At the end of the day, Thomas fell just short on my ballot, ranking No. 2. He wrecks the opposing team's game plan (see: Super Bowl XLVIII). In four NFL seasons, the cerebral thumper has never missed a game. Simply put: He's the best safety in the NFL.
Perry Knotts/NFL
9) Richard Sherman, CB, Seattle Seahawks
Like his "Legion of Boom" compadre, Sherman is the best player at his position. And if you don't believe me, ask him. Sherman has been in the league for just three years and he's already a bona fide play-making superstar. He led the league with eight picks in 2013 and also broke up 16 passes.
Sherman's a winner, with a ring to prove it. He's the best and most important member of the Super Bowl champs, as their leader and the face of the franchise.
Carlos Osorio/Associated Press
8) Calvin Johnson, WR, Detroit Lions
Megatron's a freak. There's nobody better -- or more dominant -- at receiver in the NFL. After posting one of the best ever back-to-back-season runs in 2011 and '12, Johnson's numbers dropped a tad last fall. And by "dropped a tad," we mean down to 84 catches for 1,492 yards and 12 touchdowns in 14 games. Must be nice.
Aaron M. Sprecher/NFL
7) Luke Kuechly, MLB, Carolina Panthers
Who beat out Earl Thomas in my aforementioned DPOY deliberation? This guy! He was a tackling machine, the leader and pulse for the overachieving 2013 Panthers, who finished second in both total defense and scoring defense. Kuechly has been in the NFL just two years and he's already earned Defensive Rookie of the Year and Defensive Player of the Year honors. This is only the beginning.
Michael Perez/Associated Press
6) Drew Brees, QB, New Orleans Saints
Brees has eclipsed 5,000 passing yards in three straight seasons. That's incredible. He's the maestro of the Saints' high-powered aerial attack, boasting surgical precision in his art form.
Tim Sharp/Associated Press
5) Adrian Peterson, RB, Minnesota Vikings
He's the best running back in the NFL. In a season marred by tragedy, injury and a horrible QB situation -- remember Josh Freeman? -- Peterson piled up 1,266 yards and 10 touchdowns on the ground -- one year after what I think is the single greatest regular season ever by a running back. Fresh off major knee surgery, Peterson posted 2,097 rushing yards in 2012, taking the Vikes -- with Christian Ponder at QB -- to the playoffs. That's no easy task.
Peterson said on my SiriusXM Radio show, "Schein on Sports," that he'll be more involved in the passing attack this fall, with Norv Turner assuming coordinator duties in Minnesota. And Matt Cassel should stretch the field in Turner's scheme, giving Peterson more room to work his magic.
Aaron M. Sprecher/NFL
4) J.J. Watt, DE, Houston Texans
Watt had a "down" year for the 2-14 Texans -- which meant sacking the quarterback "just" 10.5 times after notching a mind-boggling 20.5 sacks in 2012. (Remember, this dude's a 3-4 defensive end.) There isn't another defensive player in the league you'd rather build a team around.
Michael Dwyer/Associated Press
3) Tom Brady, QB, New England Patriots
He still amazes me. Brady's 2013 season was special, considering how many pass catchers he lost from 2012. And when you factor in all the Patriots injuries -- on both sides of the football -- it was a minor miracle Brady got New England back to the AFC Championship Game. Brady is still the epitome of toughness and clutch play. You clearly want the ball in his hands with the game on the line. He's one of the all-time great big-game quarterbacks.
Aaron M. Sprecher/NFL
2) Peyton Manning, QB, Denver Broncos
He's coming off of another MVP season -- his fifth, two more than anyone else in league history -- and arguably posted the single greatest regular season ever by an NFL quarterback. The numbers (55 touchdowns, 5,477 passing yards) were simply amazing. Denver had key injuries on the offensive line and significant absences on defense, yet the Broncos made the Super Bowl. Even as Peyton gets long in the tooth, there is no sign of him slowing down. It goes without saying that Peyton Manning is an all-time great.
Mike Roemer/Associated Press
1) Aaron Rodgers, QB, Green Bay Packers
I wrote an entire column on it last week, so let's keep this short and simple: Aaron Rodgers is the best player in the NFL -- bar none -- and it's absurd his contemporaries voted him No. 11.
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Department of Pianomdw - Homepage
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Für den Inhalt verantwortlich:
Univ.Prof.Mag. Christopher Hinterhuber
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Institut für Konzertfach Klavier
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Fax: +43 1 71155-2299
Responsible for the content
Univ.-Prof. Mag.art. Christopher Hinterhuber
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Online team
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Data Protection Declaration
This Web site may contain information about other proprietary rights and copyright that must be observed. This applies in particular to logos, images, sound files and videos. Downloading, printing and saving files from this Web site is permitted for personal use only. Any other use requires the express approval of the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna. The University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna assumes no liability for loss of data or other technical problems that may arise when viewing or downloading data from this Web site. The University is not responsible for the content of external Web sites to which this Web site has links.
The information on this Website is carefully checked and regularly updated by the University. The University makes no guarantee as to the completeness, up-to-dateness or accuracy of the information published on this Web site. Errors and omissions excepted. The University further reserves the right to change the content and design of this Web site without prior notice.


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Wrongful Termination
At Will Rule
Under the California labor code, an employment, having no specified term, may be terminated at the will of either party on notice to the other. This is known in California as the "at-will" employment law rule.
As enforced through the at-will rule, wrongful does not refer to the termination being mean or the boss singled me out because he did not like me. The termination must violate a protected class or fundamental public policy.
Filing a Suit
In order to file a successful wrongful termination lawsuit, an employee must follow all of the required administrative procedures mandated by California labor laws. In addition, the employee must prove that the termination violates public policy.
Our law firm accepts qualified wrongful termination lawsuits on a contingency fee basis, meaning that employees who are victims of wrongful termination never pay our labor lawyers unless we win them money.
Qui Tam
There is a special type of wrongful termination claim called a qui tam action which focuses on how the wrongful termination was a violation of fundamental public policy as opposed to discrimination or other protected classes.
Free Advice
If you are looking for information about wrongful termination laws, don't waste time researching the law online and contact our employment law attorneys today for free legal advice.
CALL (800) 568-8020 for free legal advice on wrongful termination laws
Our wrongful termination lawyers focus on helping employees recover from illegal employer practices. Our employment law understands how difficult it can be to lose your job due to discrimination in the workplace, employer retaliation or other unfair business practices. If you think that your former employer is guilty of wrongful termination, take action now and contact an experienced and committed employment lawyer today.
Proven Record of Settlements & Verdicts
Our employment law lawyers have obtained over $1.3 billion in settlements and verdicts for employees, consumers and investors throughout the state of California. Our wrongful termination attorneys have the resources and experience you are looking for to aggressively challenge a companies illegal employment practices. We have faced off against big tobacco - we are ready and prepared to make your employer pay if it violated the law. Call (800) 568-8020 to speak to a wrongful termination lawyer today.


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Hi. My chosen piece of music to learn ABC notation (I'm an old skool Linux user so automatically fell in love with an ASCII way to notate - thanks!) is Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata. I've fought with ABC for a couple of hours and have, ahem, the 1st four bars. However, no matter how hard I try and how often I read the reference/language guide, I cannot get any beams across my triplets!
X: 1 % Reference number
%%score {RH | LH}
V: RH clef=treble % Voice 1 (piano right-hand)
V: LH clef=bass merge % Voice 2 (piano left-hand)
K: C#m % Key signature
% Bar 1
V:RH !pp! (3:1:3G,CE (3:1:3G,CE (3:1:3G,CE (3:1:3G,CE |]
V:LH !pp! [C,4C,,4]|]
Why!? I'm using abcm2ps (tried both stable and 'unstable' versions 6.6 and 7.6).
Any ideas?


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Bryant Park Hotel
Office building and showroom space for the American Radiator Company.
The American Radiator Building is a neo-gothic skyscraper of the early Art Deco movement. Its color, arrangement and night-time lighting scheme evokes the product its namesake s company built: radiators. Built in two phases, both the original tower and shorter side extension are made of the same materials: black granite, black brick with black pointing, and gold-glazed terracotta. It is a steel frame building with cast iron and plate glass storefront on the bottom level, originally housing a multi-story radiator and plumbing showroom.
The 26-story tower of the original building steps back at the fifth and fifteenth story, marked by double gold courses. The side building addition includes the same decoration at the fifth story with two stories of brick above capped by another crenallated gold course. The tower itself, due to its chamfered corners and side courts on the fifth level, sits free from the surrounding structures. Windows are paired on the front facade with wider bricks piers traveling the height of the building to the upper setbacks. The gold courses and parapet are detailed with sculptured corbels and gothic ornament in gold terracotta. Small gold towers sit like finials atop the rounded corners on many levels of the parapet and gold horizontals line the top stories. The spiky mass is ultimately peaked by a completely golden crown-like loggia. Even in its early years, the top floors of the American Radiator Building were lit by electric light, whereby the pairing of the gold ornament and black brick made the tower look almost ablaze.
brick, terracotta
The American Radiator Building sits prominently amidst a section of the city that is rife with skyscrapers. Its visibility on the park aside lower scale buildings and unique coloring allows it to stand out.
The steel framing used in the American Radiator is typical of the skyscraper construction of this period. Its use of various external cladding materials, brick, granite, and terracotta, was not uncommon on corporate structures of this scale. The colors of this materials, however, were novel, and emphasizes the availability of variant color schemes in this period. Brick manufacturers were producing pigmented brick in multiples shades. Terracotta had also been in use for decades, though more often its color was matched to the other materials.
The practice of lighting the top floors of the structure marks this building as technically advanced. The skyscraper profile was an important piece of the design and the practice of night-lighting, used to enhance its prominence. Between its color scheme and lighting, the American Radiator Building was a major feature of the skyline, both easily spotted and identified. Its nighttime display was popularized by a 1927 Georgia O'Keefe painting titled "American Radiator-Night, New York."
As a corporate office tower that included the company showroom, the American Radiator Building was built with specific functions and goals in mind. Raymond Hood was known as one of the best corporate architects. "He excelled at monumentalizing what was inherently nonmonumental, at creating commercial monuments that were symbols as well as working environments." (Stern, New York 1930, 575) The showroom attracted business owners of supply stores looking for products to source to their stores, home owners outfitting their homes in the latest fashion, and builders completing new buildings. Hood even designed some radiator covers for the company and rented out office space in the floors above. It was meant as a symbol of American modernity.
The American Radiator Building was received as a new type of architecture which served as advertising. Its lantern-like pinnacle gave a progressive face to the American Radiator Company. The building helped shape New York's Art Deco movement. With its chamfered corners, setback arrangement and side courts, this building was known as a new form, one which detached itself form surrounding structures and sat on its own within a block. This massing, along with its coloring, speaks to its aesthetic impact on the city and the rest of the Art Deco movement.
The American Radiator Building is a local New York City individual landmark and is included in most textbooks on American modern architecture. It is an Art Deco skyscraper with gothicizing motifs, and one of the many modern skyscrapers that used pinnacles and towers in their design.
Black Brick Building for New York City. The New York Times. January 20, 1924. Page RE1.
Radiator Firm to Build 5-Story Midtown Offices. The New York Times. March 24, 1936. Page 41.
Stern, Robert A. M. , et al. New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars. (1987). New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc. Bussel, Abby. Checking In. Grid. (2000). Volume 2, issue 6, page 98-102. Breeze, Carla. American Art Deco. (2003). New York: W. W. Norton & Company
Stephens, Suzanne. AR Past and Present: From Corporate Ad to Chic Caravansery. Architectural Record. (2006). Volume 194, issue 2, page 212.
Kittinger, Margaret. Something Old, Something New. Oculus. (2007). Volume 69, issue 1, page 38-43.


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12 in 2012
All the rage in the fiber universe is making 12 items in 2012. So, my fun and competitve spirit has decided to jump on board the madness, oh and fun too!
I'll be doing 12 pairs of socks, 12 shawls, 12 sweaters, and 12 hats, and possibly throw in any other 12 crafting things I can think of, because it's fun to challenge myself, fun to create, and just darn crazy!
Here's my first pair of socks, this is 1 of 12, all done. Love them.
Pattern is from the Through The Loops, Mystery Sock KAL 2012, no name yet, but soon there will be. I've submitted my choices for the name of these socks, will see if I win! These were knit up in 4 Clues, each released during each week of January. Now I'll have to choose my next pair to knit.
For my 12 of hats of 2012, 1 of 12 is Piece Out.
For the 12 shawls, this is 1 of 12, still in progress, it is a Mystery KAL, I'm awaiting the next Clue 5.
For the 12 sweaters, this is 1 of 12, still in progress, almost done!
And I'm thinking about 12 Crochet projects possibly, if I do, than this would be 1 of 12. I'm working on my building my crochet skills.
My fortune has been written, good luck shall come to me this year, though I guess I did cheat and make my fortune come true, but hey, us "go getters" must always make our own luck 8)


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Home >> Course Descriptions >> College of Education
Bilingual/Multicultural Teaching Strategies
Three semester hours.
This course focuses on the philosophy, nature, properties, processes and evaluative instrumentation of selected school content at levels PK-8 in bilingual-multicultural programs. Teaching styles are identified and implemented in the context of various curricular formats. Prerequisite: Graduate standing.
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Terms and Conditions
The terms "buyer," "authorized reseller" and "customer" as used herein, shall mean the party placing the purchase order with Rice Lake Weighing Systems. No contractual relationship between Rice Lake Weighing Systems and said party shall arise until such time as a purchase order has been accepted by Rice Lake Weighing Systems and such acceptance has been indicated on a written acknowledgment. Tenders which do not stipulate an acceptance period shall not be binding. Orders shall be subject to Rice Lake Weighing Systems' standard terms and conditions as printed below, subject to correction for clerical errors.
These sales terms and conditions shall be binding if declared applicable in the tender or in the order acknowledgement. Any conditions stipulated by the buyer which are in contradiction to these sales terms and conditions shall only be valid if expressively acknowledged by Rice Lake Weighing Systems in writing.
1. Prices
(a) Rice Lake Weighing Systems (Rice Lake) prices are net 30 days Ex Works Rice Lake plant. Orders are subject to approval of our credit department with rights reserved to change or withdraw credit terms without notice and to terminate any orders when invoices for work done thereon have gone unpaid for 60 days.
(b) Prices do not include taxes of any kind by federal, state, municipality or other governmental authority, which Rice Lake may be required to collect or pay with respect to the sale or shipment of goods sold hereunder. Regardless of when any such taxes are determined or become payable, all taxes would be the responsibility of the customer and would be in addition to the prices quoted hereon.
(c) This quotation is made upon the basis of the cost of materials and labor as of the date of this quotation. A change in such costs shall give Rice Lake the right to alter prices to reflect such changes in cost.(d) Requests for additional documentation, drawings, audits of factories or inspection of equipment in-process, additional testing, additional inspections and record retention will be quoted as a separate item even if we have already issued quotations for products and services.
2. Shipment, Title, Risk of Loss
(a) All shipments are Ex Works point of shipment. Title and risk of loss or damage passes to the customer upon presentation of the goods to the customer's carrier at Rice Lake's facility, except that title and risk of loss or damage as to customer's partially manufactured parts and raw materials delivered to Rice Lake, and as to jigs, fixtures and tools specially ordered for customer shall at all times remain with customer.
(b) Rice Lake does not carry fire insurance upon jigs, fixtures and tooling built by us for customers or supplied to us by customers, nor does Rice Lake carry insurance upon raw materials supplied to Rice Lake by customers. Customers assume all risk of loss, damage or destruction of jigs, fixtures, tooling or raw materials belonging to the customer in Rice Lake custody caused by fire, water, gas, acts of God, strikes, insurrection, riots or by acts of the civil or military authorities and whether or not such loss, damage or destruction was the result of our negligence or misconduct or that of our agents or employees. The customer agrees to indemnify and hold Rice Lake harmless from all direct and consequential costs and damages resulting from such loss.
(c) Except as hereinabove stated, we agree to maintain all jigs, fixtures and tooling built by Rice Lake in working condition for their normal life only, except that our liability in this respect shall not extend more than one year after the completion of the most recent production order.
3. Quantity, Materials and Tolerances
(a) Unless dimensions are limited by a specific tolerance, it is understood that the production variations as published by Rice Lake will be acceptable.
(b) Rice Lake will not be responsible for color, thickness variations, or flaws in sheets or parts from which fabrications are made, nor for other material variations beyond our control.
(c) Rice Lake assumes no responsibility for loss or damage occurring by reason of delay or inability to deliver caused by fires, strikes, accidents, embargoes, car shortages, delays of carriers, insurrection, riots, acts of the civil or military authorities, nor will we assume responsibility for any reason whatever for damages of any kind on account of failure to deliver at the time specified. The customer shall indemnify and hold Rice Lake harmless from all direct and consequential costs and damages resulting from such loss or delay.
(d) Unless otherwise specified, delivery of 10 percent more or less of completed parts than the quantity specified shall constitute fulfillment of this order and any excess not exceeding 10 percent shall be accepted and paid for by the customer.
(e) In the event any raw material specified for incorporation into the product covered by this proposal shall become unavailable, Rice Lake shall notify the customer and the customer may direct Rice Lake to substitute available material for that originally specified, it being understood and agreed that the customer shall assume any and all consequences resulting from such substitution.
4. Patents
If this quotation covers parts made specifically for the customer, the customer agrees to indemnify and hold Rice Lake harmless against any loss resulting from infringement of patents or trademarks, or from claims of such infringements and shall pay all legal and defense costs incurred by Rice Lake in the defense of such actions.
5. Software
Unless specifically otherwise stated, any and all software associated or part of any product sold, loaned on trial or demonstration to the customer is to be considered proprietary to Rice Lake. The customer agrees not to duplicate for distribution or to sell or distribute in any way without the prior written consent of Rice Lake.
6. Changes And Cancellation: Rejection, Claims
(a) Orders placed with Rice Lake are not subject to cancellation, change or reduction in amount or suspension of deliveries except with Rice Lake's consent and upon terms that indemnify Rice Lake against loss. Unless confirmed in writing, all verbal agreements are void.
(b) Rice Lake will not be responsible for changes in design, deliveries or other instructions, unless they are furnished in writing. Customer agrees to pay for all tooling charges caused by changes in design or specifications.
(c) Samples submitted shall be deemed approved unless written rejection is received within two weeks of submission.
(d) Manufactured parts will be shipped and billed as they are produced.
(e) Claims for shortage or rejections for defects must be made within 10 days of receipt of goods. Credit will be rendered on such defective parts after we have had an opportunity to inspect them, provided they are returned to our factory, transportation charges prepaid, within 30 days, and provided they have not been altered or defaced in any way.
7. Tooling and Designing
(a) In consideration of the engineering service necessary in the designing of jigs, fixtures and tooling not being charged for, but being quoted on the basis of labor and material only, and not at their fair market value, such jigs, fixtures and tooling shall remain in our possession for at least one year. Thereafter, the customer desiring delivery of such jigs, fixtures and tooling shall pay an engineering charge of 50 percent of the original price of said jigs, fixtures and tooling and accept same as-is.
(b) When requested, we will submit suggestions concerning design and construction of parts, but we will not accept responsibility of liability for the practicability of these suggestions if adopted by the customer.
8. Delivery and Adjustment to Price
(a) If the customer requests that the goods be manufactured and shipped on a date (or dates) earlier than originally agreed to by Rice Lake and the customer, and Rice Lake agrees to the earlier date (or dates), any increase in the cost of performance incurred by Rice Lake resulting from earlier manufacture and shipment will be included in an adjustment of the purchase price to be made by Rice Lake and will be paid by the customer.
(b) Should shipments be held beyond scheduled date for convenience of the customer, goods will be billed and charges will be made for warehousing, trucking and other expenses incident to such delay. Reasonable and sufficient care is taken by Rice Lake in crating its goods. Rice Lake cannot be held responsible for breakage after having received "in good order" receipts from the transportation carrier. All claim for loss and damage must be made by the customer to the carrier, but we will assist insofar as practical in securing satisfactory adjustment of such claims.
9. Payment and Liens
(a) All invoices shall be due and payable when submitted for payment in accordance with the revisions of Rice Lake terms. No withholding of funds, back charges or credits against amounts otherwise due to Rice Lake will be permitted unless specifically agreed to in writing by Rice Lake. Settlement of any amounts due to the customer will be negotiated as separate items and not as offsets against amounts otherwise due to Rice Lake from the customer for products sold hereunder.
(b) Any unpaid account for work done shall constitute a lien on any jigs, fixtures, manufactured parts and raw materials in Rice Lake possession. In the event any account remains open and unpaid for 90 days, Rice Lake reserves the right to use the customer's jigs and fixtures to make parts therefrom, and to sell or dispose of manufactured parts and raw materials.
(c) The customer shall not assign or transfer any rights or obligations arising from this proposal, or monies payable thereunder, without the prior written consent of Rice Lake, and any such assignment or transfer made without such written consent shall be deemed null and void.
10. Additional Provisions
(a) Errors—stenographic and clerical errors are subject to correction.
(b) These terms and conditions constitute the entire contract between the customer and Rice Lake, transcending any oral arrangements or representations which may be inconsistent therewith.
(c) This quotation is made under and shall be governed by the laws of the State of Wisconsin.
11. Resale of Rice Lake Weighing Systems Products
In order to ensure compliance with the U.S. Export Administration Regulations we ask you to comply with the following:
(a) The customer shall not export or re-export Rice Lake Weighing Systems products, either directly or indirectly, in contravention of any applicable law, statute or regulation and will first obtain any required licenses or authorizations from the relevant government authority when necessary as prescribed by law.
(b) The customer confirms that it is familiar with and complies with the relevant national and international export control regulations and embargo regulations. The customer furthermore confirms that it is in particular familiar with and complies with the U.S. Department of Commerce, Export Administration Regulations; U.S. Department of Treasury, OFAC Sanctions; the U.S. Department of Defense, ITAR requirements and the U.S. Department of State regulations.
(c) If deemed necessary, Rice Lake Weighing Systems, in individual cases may make further requests from the customer for information required for export compliance.
(d) Should it be necessary for the Customer to obtain an export license from the appropriate authorities pursuant to the aforementioned regulations, the customer shall apply for such a license autonomously and at their own expense. The foregoing warranties are exclusive and in lieu of all other express and implied warranties whatsoever, including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Rice Lake shall not be subject to any other obligations or liabilities whatsoever with respect to parts manufactured or supplied by Rice Lake or services rendered by it. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, Rice Lake shall not be liable for incidental and consequential damages, and in substitution for all remedies which the customer may have under any applicable law. The customer's sole and exclusive remedy against Rice Lake for any breach of warranty or any other breach relating to goods delivered pursuant hereto shall be for repair or replacement (at Rice Lake's option) of the goods or parts effected by such breach.
Warranty and Limitation of Liability
Standard Product Limited Warranty
Rice Lake Weighing Systems (Rice Lake) warrants that all Rice Lake brand equipment and systems properly installed by an Authorized Reseller or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) will operate per written specifications as confirmed by the Authorized Reseller/OEM and accepted by Rice Lake. All systems and components are warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for one (1) year from the date of shipment from Rice Lake, unless otherwise stated in the product catalog or manual. Rice Lake warrants that the equipment sold here under will conform to the current written specifications authorized by Rice Lake. Rice Lake warrants the equipment against faulty workmanship and defective materials. If any equipment fails to conform to these warranties, Rice Lake will, at its option, repair or replace such goods returned within the warranty period subject to the following conditions:
These warranties exclude all other warranties, expressed or implied, including without limitation warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Neither Rice Lake nor Authorized Reseller will, in any event, be liable for incidental or consequential damages at the point of use.
Rice Lake and the customer agree that Rice Lake's sole and exclusive liability here under is limited to repair or replacement of such goods. In accepting this warranty, the customer waives any and all other claims to warranty.
Should the seller be other than Rice Lake, the customer agrees to look only to the seller for warranty claims.
No terms, conditions, understanding, or agreements purporting to modify the terms of this warranty shall have any legal effect unless made in writing and signed by a corporate officer of Rice Lake and the customer.
After the damage or shortage has been properly noted with the carrier, contact Rice Lake immediately and keep all the original packaging material for inspection by the carrier's representative. It is also helpful in the claim process to take pictures of the condition of the packaging and damage.
When drop-shipping items to your customers, it is imperative that you advise them of their responsibility in accepting shipments from common carriers. Even if the equipment is not expected to be installed or used for a period of time, the shipment must be inspected at time of receipt in order to preserve their rights for making a claim.
Custom Software Limited Warranty
Rice Lake Weighing Systems (Rice Lake) warrants that (a) the software will perform in accordance with the specification and accompanying written endorsement by the customer for a period of 90 days from the date of receipt; (b) any hardware accompanying the software will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment from Rice Lake; and (c) the customer should perform inspection and testing of software products prior to installation.
This limited warranty is void if failure of the software or hardware has resulted from accident, abuse, misapplication or incorrect customer specification. Any replacement software will be warranted for the remainder of the original warranty period or 30 days, whichever is longer. If the software fails to conform to these warranties, Rice Lake will, at its option, repair or replace such goods returned within the warranty period subject to the following conditions:
These warranties exclude all other warranties, expressed or implied, including without limitation warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Neither Rice Lake nor the Authorized Reseller will, in any event, be liable for incidental or consequential damages at the point of use.
Rice Lake and the customer agree that Rice Lake's sole and exclusive liability hereunder is limited to repair or replacement of such goods. In accepting this warranty, the customer waives any and all other claims to warranty.
Should the seller be other than Rice Lake, the customer agrees to look only to the seller for warranty claims.
No terms, conditions, understanding, or agreements purporting to modify the terms of this warranty shall have any legal effect unless made in writing and signed by a corporate officer of Rice Lake and the customer.
Return Policies
Our commitment to our Customers states that if any standard product purchased from Rice Lake does not work, or if the incorrect product is shipped, return it in its original shipping carton with all accessories in "like new" condition for full credit or replacement within 30 days of purchase. Electronic components returned to Rice Lake must be properly packaged to prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage in shipment. Packaging requirements are listed in the publication, "Protecting Your Components from Static Damage in Shipment," available online or from our Returns Department. This policy and the 30-day limit also apply to any products drop-shipped directly from the manufacturer.
Please note that if an incorrect quantity of product was shipped, Rice Lake must be contacted within 10 days of the purchase. Upon notification, we will immediately correct the situation.
A restocking charge will apply if equipment is not in like new condition. The restocking charge is directly proportional to the amount of time and material required to return the item to resalable condition—we will make every effort to do this quickly and economically. Equipment that has been abused and/or shows signs of excessive wear and cannot be reconditioned and resold will not be accepted for return or credit after excessive wear or has been modified.
As Applied to Drop Shipments
All Rice Lake return guidelines apply to products drop-shipped directly from the manufacturer. If a perceived error occurs, Rice Lake will investigate to the best of our ability to determine if the error occurred prior to shipping, during shipping, or at the end user site. If our records and subsequent investigation indicate that the shipment was correct when it left our factory, our responsibility extends only to the Authorized Reseller, not their end user. Our standard product warranty notes that our coverage extends only to equipment and systems properly installed by an Authorized Reseller.
Obtaining an RMA
A return authorization number is required for all materials being returned to Rice Lake for credit. Flat rate repairs require purchase orders at time of RMA issuance.
When returning equipment for repair or warranty reimbursement consideration, these simple steps will help to expedite your request:
Return Shipments Outside United States for repair, warranty, calibration or other services and re-export.
For shipment to the USA:
Return Shipments Outside United States other than for repair, or service work not being returned.
For shipment to the USA:
Special Order, Modified, Non-Catalog, or Non-Stock Items
Due to the added resources and difficulty in reselling special or non-standard products, returns or credit are not allowed for special order equipment, special software programs, equipment physically modified or altered in the field, discrete electronic components, relays, manuals or opened software packages.
Calibration Weights
All weights returned for credit will be assessed a restocking charge because of the required inspection and verification. Credit is not allowed for serialized weights, calibration or traceable services performed on weights.
Balances returned for credit within 30 days of purchase may be subject to a restocking fee if assessed by balance manufacturer.
A minimum charge of one hour will apply. All balance repairs are covered by a 90-day limited warranty on parts and workmanship performed and noted under the scope of the specific repair. Balances must be packaged to adequately protect them from damage in transit. Please refer to "How to Prepare a Balance for Shipment" available below, on our website and from our Returns Department.
How to Prepare a Balance for Shipment
The best and most effective method for shipping a balance at any time and for any reason is to use the original manufacturer's packaging materials and subsequently double box it as described below. Teach your customers to retain the packing set. Please remember that due to the nature of the equipment, new packaging materials can be very expensive. In the event that the original manufacturer's packaging materials are not available, follow these instructions for top loading balances.
Repair Service Policies
Our Service Department is staffed Monday through Friday from 6:30 A.M. to 6:30 P.M., and Saturday from 8:00 A.M. to noon, Central Time. For those utilizing the conveniences of the internet, we have an email address dedicated to technical support. Please contact us at email@example.com for answers to your technical questions and the status of repair products during normal business hours.
Standard Repair Service Policy and Rates
We provide quality and timely repairs for the products we sell. Flat rate repair is offered for selected models of indicators, printers and remote displays. Prior to returning a product for repair, our Returns Department will work with you to determine some key factors that will help us better serve you. Please provide the following via phone to extensions 5348 or an RMA form.
You may be asked about the possibility of a new replacement product. It may be in your customer's best interest to explore the option of purchasing a new product if the repair will exceed 50 percent of Authorized Reseller net price, since new products carry full warranty benefits. Please note that our hourly service rate on all current Rice Lake products is $125.00/hour. There is a 120-day limited warranty on parts and workmanship performed and noted under the scope of the specific repair.
Load Cell Evaluation Policy, Repairs and Rates
We support, service, repair and perform warranty evaluations on all Rice Lake brand load cells. We also provide repair evaluation for other manufacturers' load cells through each manufacturer's established service policies.
Power Conditioning Policy
Rice Lake Weighing Systems recommends the installation of AC and/or DC transient protection which has proven to be effective in significantly reducing both the frequency and degree of damage caused by AC and/or DC transient voltage occurrences. Rice Lake Weighing Systems does not warrant or guarantee any transient protection device against damage or repair sold by it or any of its representatives or Authorized Resellers. Rice Lake Weighing Systems does not warrant or guarantee any scale-related or other electrical/electronic device against damage or repair which is intended to be protected by any transient protection device sold by it or any of its representatives or Authorized Resellers. Any damage or repair expense resulting from a transient strike or occurrence including the transient device itself, as well as the components intended to be protected, will not be at the expense of Rice Lake Weighing Systems. No other warranty or guarantees—express or implied—contrary to this written policy are supported or acknowledged by Rice Lake Weighing Systems.
Field Service Rate Policy
For field service, we provide the services of highly-trained professionals for the following rate: $1080.00 list per work day (not to exceed eight work hours). Additional daily hours are prorated at $200.00/hour.
An additional 50 percent charge is added for services performed on Saturday and Sunday. The Authorized Reseller is responsible for travel expenses between Rice Lake, Wisconsin and the job location, regardless of the mode of transportation. Meals, lodging, and shipment of special equipment to and from the onsite location are billed to you at cost.
Exchange Board Policy
Exchange Procedures
Simply call Rice Lake Weighing Systems' Service Department and specify the exchange circuit board you require. We issue a Return Authorization number for your return and immediately ship you a reconditioned circuit board.
Upon receipt of your returned product, an inspection is made to ensure that it can be rebuilt or repaired. If it meets the inspection/analysis criteria for our Exchange Program, a credit is immediately applied to your account. Credit is not issued on any returned product that, upon inspection and analysis by our Service Department, is determined to be unrepairable or obsolete. Circuit boards that have been physically altered or modified are not eligible for exchange. If your return does not qualify under these guidelines, you are contacted and disposition of your return is mutually agreed upon.
Discontinued products' exchange boards may have limited availability.
Circuit Board Inspection/Analysis All incoming boards are subject to an inspection to determine if they are eligible for our Exchange Program. A returned board is considered eligible for the Exchange Board Program provided it:
Upon passing inspection, a credit for your returned board is immediately applied to your account.
We offer a 120-day limited warranty on exchange circuit boards. The replacement board exchange list price is 80 percent of the new board list price. All level 1, 2, 3 and 4 Authorized Resellers receive a 25 percent discount off of the board exchange list price.
© Rice Lake Weighing Systems. Alle rechten voorbehouden.
Een ISO 9001 geregistreerd bedrijf
Weiland 11 NL-6666 MH Heteren, Nederland
+31 (0)26 472 1319
Voor de verkoop, service en ondersteuning kunt u bellen met


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Williams Sonoma Lemon Bundt® Cake Mix
Easy, hassle-free returns online and in-store for eligible items.Learn More
Earn 5% Back in rewards4 plus free standard shipping3every day when you shop with your Williams Sonoma credit card at Williams Sonoma.Apply Now Learn More
- Summary
Bursting with the bright, tart flavor of citrus, this premium mix makes it easy to bake a moist, tender lemon cake that tastes as wonderful as it looks. Our special blend begins with America's best organic pastry flour, sourced from family farms and custom milled. For the ultimate lip-puckering flavor, we used real lemons and tangy sour cream. Simply add eggs, butter and milk, and bake in a bundt pan for a fluffy, aromatic cake. Decorating your home-baked cake couldn't be easier—a sprinkling of confectioners' sugar or a simple glaze is all you need.
- 2 lbs.
- Made in USA.
- Ingredients
- Organic wheat flour, sugar, sour cream powder (cream solids, cultured nonfat milk, and citric acid), natural lemon flavor (natural flavor, water, proplene glycol and gum), lemon, citric acid, baking soda, sea salt, organic gum blend (organic guar and locust bean gums).
- Shipping
Shipping Information
UPS can deliver most in-stock items within 3–5 business days. UPS is unable to deliver to P.O. boxes.
Shipping Rates
The shipping rate varies depending on your order total and shipping destination. View Shipping Options and Charges.
Next Day Delivery
For an additional charge of $26 per address, we can expedite delivery to most destinations. This service is not available for some oversize items, items shipped directly from the supplier (including perishable and custom-manufactured items), out-of-stock items and items to be shipped outside the contiguous 48 states.
Orders received by 9:00 p.m. ET Monday through Thursday will arrive the next business day; orders placed Friday through Sunday will arrive on the following Tuesday.
Return Policy
At Williams Sonoma, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction are our priority. Upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage; we will arrange for a prompt replacement.
If within 30 days, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value. An original receipt or gift receipt is required for all returns and exchanges. Returns with a gift receipt will be refunded in the form of a Merchandise Credit for the amount indicated on the gift receipt. Returns with original receipt will be refunded in the original form of payment, cash and check refunds over $100 will be issued as a company check (may take 14 business days from time of request).
For all cutlery returns (knife sets, single knives, cutting boards, knife sharpeners and knife storage), please contact us at 888.922.4108 to initiate the return.
We cannot accept returns on monogrammed, personalized, special-order items, custom upholstery, food, items shipped direct from the vendor or on items damaged through normal wear and tear. Final sale items ending in .97 or .99 cannot be returned.
Made to Order and Final Sale Furniture items are non-returnable and cannot be cancelled once the order is placed.
For returns of items purchased from your Williams Sonoma Gift Registry, we will gladly provide a refund or exchange for the merchandise within 90 days of your event or within 90 days of purchase, whichever date is later. View Full Returns Policy.


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This illustration is for general information only and should not be considered investment or tax advice to any party. Individuals should seek the advice of professionals to ensure that any action taken with respect to this information is appropriate to their specific situation.
This illustration is intended for general information purposes only. It should not be construed as legal, accounting, tax or specific investment advice. Individuals should consult a professional advisor concerning their situation and any specific investment matters. While reasonable steps have been taken to ensure that this information was accurate at the time of printing, The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the information and assumes no responsibility for reliance upon it.
The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company is the issuer of insurance contracts containing Manulife segregated funds, and is the guarantor of any guarantee provisions therein. Any amount that is allocated to a segregated fund is invested at the risk of the contractholder and may increase or decrease in value.
Manulife Funds are managed by Manulife Investments, a division of Manulife Asset Management Limited. Commissions, trailing commissions, management fees and expenses all may be associated with mutual fund investments. Please read the Fund Facts as well as the prospectus before investing. Mutual funds are not guaranteed, their values change frequently and past performance may not be repeated.
Manulife, Manulife Investments, the Block Design, and strong reliable trustworthy forward-thinking are trademarks of The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company and are used by it, and its affiliates under license.


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"The support for the Conservation Service Corps offered by American Eagle Outfitters is an inspiring act of corporate citizenship," says Jamie Williams, president of The Wilderness Society.
Washington, DC (PRWEB) January 08, 2014
Interior Secretary Sally Jewell announced Wednesday that American Eagle Outfitters, Inc. will provide $1 million to help fund the 21st Century Conservation Service Corps (21CSC), and in doing so, will help put young people and veterans to work on America's public lands. American Eagle Outfitters is an American clothing retailer that targets its products at young adults in the college-age market. According to the Department of the Interior, the company's pledge represents a portion of the $20 million Secretary Jewell promised to raise last October to fulfill the vision of 21CSC and build the next generation of public lands stewards.
The commitment of the Administration and the private sector to stewardship of our public lands and waters could not come at a better time, as the backlog of overdue maintenance on our National Parks, Forests, Refuges, Wilderness areas, and other conservation lands continues to grow and agency budgets get squeezed by Congress. Building a robust 21st Century Conservation Service Corps is one way to address these critical maintenance needs.
"Conservation corps provide thousands of jobs and training opportunities for young people, complete high quality conservation project work, and develop a new generation of healthy, work-ready young people who are invested in the stewardship of America's public lands and waters," said Jamie Williams, president of The Wilderness Society. "The support for 21CSC offered by American Eagle Outfitters is an inspiring act of corporate citizenship. We encourage other businesses to show a similar vision and commitment to stewardship of these lands."
America's federal land management agencies and the Partnership for the 21st Century Conservation Service Corps have formed an innovative public-private collaborative that is working to engage more people in public lands stewardship. The Partnership's goal is to increase the number of conservation corps opportunities for young people and veterans from the current number of 20,000 per year to 100,000 per year by 2018. The Wilderness Society's Southern Appalachian Wilderness Stewards (SAWS) program is an award-winning 21CSC-recognized program that provides opportunities for young people to work in the forests of North Carolina, Tennessee and Georgia. Successful implementation of 21CSC will enable The Wilderness Society to provide more of these opportunities on the forests of the Southeast.
The Wilderness Society is the leading public-lands conservation organization working to protect wilderness and inspire Americans to care for our wild places. Founded in 1935, and now with more than 500,000 members and supporters, TWS has led the effort to permanently protect 110 million acres of wilderness and to ensure sound management of our shared national lands. http://www.wilderness.org
Paul Sanford, (202) 429-2615, paul_sanford(at)tws(dot)org
Michael Carroll, (970) 946-9043, Michael_carroll(at)tws(dot)org


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Pillivuyt Porcelain Cake Stand
Like those seen in French patisseries, this cake stand is made for elevating all kinds of baked goods, from whole cakes to assorted cookies and pastries. Or use it for serving savory bites like hors d'oeuvres, cheeses and tea sandwiches. Made of white porcelain with a gently raised rim, it creates an eye-catching display. Made in France by Pillivuyt, a producer of porcelain tableware since 1818.
- Made of high-fired porcelain.
- Made in France.
Dimensions & More Info
- Small: 11 3/4" diam., 4 1/4" high.
- Large: 14" diam., 4 1/4" high.
- Made in France.
Use & Care
- Hand-wash.
Shipping Information
UPS can deliver most in-stock items within 3–5 business days. UPS is unable to deliver to P.O. boxes.
Shipping Rates
The shipping rate varies depending on your order total and shipping destination. View Shipping Options and Charges.
Next Day Delivery
For an additional charge of $26 per address, we can expedite delivery to most destinations. This service is not available for some oversize items, items shipped directly from the supplier (including perishable and custom-manufactured items), out-of-stock items and items to be shipped outside the contiguous 48 states.
Orders received by 9:00 p.m. ET Monday through Thursday will arrive the next business day; orders placed Friday through Sunday will arrive on the following Tuesday.
Return Policy
At Williams Sonoma, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction are our priority. Upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage; we will arrange for a prompt replacement.
If within 30 days, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value. An original receipt or gift receipt is required for all returns and exchanges. Returns with a gift receipt will be refunded in the form of a Merchandise Credit for the amount indicated on the gift receipt. Returns with original receipt will be refunded in the original form of payment, cash and check refunds over $100 will be issued as a company check (may take 14 business days from time of request).
For all cutlery returns (knife sets, single knives, cutting boards, knife sharpeners and knife storage), please contact us at 888.922.4108 to initiate the return.
We cannot accept returns on monogrammed, personalized, special-order items, custom upholstery, food, items shipped direct from the vendor or on items damaged through normal wear and tear. Final sale items ending in .97 or .99 cannot be returned.
Made to Order and Final Sale Furniture items are non-returnable and cannot be cancelled once the order is placed.
For returns of items purchased from your Williams Sonoma Gift Registry, we will gladly provide a refund or exchange for the merchandise within 90 days of your event or within 90 days of purchase, whichever date is later. View Full Returns Policy.
Pillivuyt Porcelain Cake Stand
|Delivery Surcharge
|Pillivuyt Porcelain Cake Stand, Small
|Pillivuyt Cake Stand, Large


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The group led by Prof. Dr. Roman Schnabel moved to Hamburg University in 2014.
Please follow the link to the new web side.
Research Highlights
Metrology with entangled light
Entanglement is useful for improving measurement devices. Up to now the focus has been on the measurement of just one out of two non-commuting observables. In our work we demonstrate a laser interferometer that provides information about two non-commuting observables, with uncertainties below the meter's quantum ground state. We propose to use the additional information to distinguish between the actual measurement signal and a parasitic signal due to scattered and frequency shifted photons. Our approach can be readily applied to further improve squeezed-light enhanced gravitational-wave detectors at non-quantum noise limited detection frequencies in terms of a sub shot-noise veto-channel. The figure shows our setup together with phase space cartoons of the entangled and squeezed quantum noise.
[Steinlechner, S. et al. Quantum-dense metrology. Nature Photonics 7, 626–630 (2013)]
GEO600: 200 days of observation with squeezed light
Our work reports the first long-term application of squeezed vacuum states of light to improve the sensitivity of a gravitational-wave observatory. The improvement corresponds to a factor of 2 increase in the observed volume of the Universe for gravitational-wave sources in the kHz region (e.g., supernovae, magnetars). We introduced three new techniques to actually enable the long-term application of squeezed light, and showed that the glitch rate of the detector did not increase from squeezing application. Squeezed vacuum states of light have arrived as a permanent application, capable of increasing the astrophysical reach of gravitational-wave detectors.
[H. Grote, K. Danzmann, K. L. Dooley, R. Schnabel, J. Slutsky, H. Vahlbruch, First Long-Term Application of Squeezed States of Light in a Gravitational-Wave Observatory, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 181101 (2013)]
Strongest Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement
Continuous variable entanglement is a fundamental resource for many quantum information tasks. Important protocols like superactivation of zero-capacity channels and finite-key length quantum cryptography that provides security against most general attacks, require about 10 dB of two-mode squeezing. Our work demonstrates the strongest EPR entangled light so far, in a fully phase-controlled long-term stable fashion. The entanglement corresponds to 10.45 dB of two-mode squeezing. The figure shows our measurement statistics of the EPR-Reid value (x-axis). A value below 1 certifies EPR entanglement.
[T. Eberle, V. Händchen, R. Schnabel, Stable control of 10 dB two-mode squeezed vacuum states of light, Opt. Exp. 21, 11546 (2013)]
One-way Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering
The distinctive non-classical features of quantum physics were first discussed in the seminal paper by A. Einstein, B. Podolsky and N. Rosen (EPR) in 1935. In his immediate response, E. Schrödinger introduced the notion of entanglement, now seen as the essential resource in quantum information as well as in quantum metrology. Furthermore, he showed that at the core of the EPR argument is a phenomenon that he called "steering". In contrast to entanglement and violations of Bell's inequalities, steering implies a direction between the parties involved. The Figure shows implications of inseparability criteria. Our work presents an experimental realization of two entangled Gaussian modes of light that in fact shows the steering effect in one direction but not in the other.
[Händchen, V. et al. Observation of one-way Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering. Nature Photonics 6, 598–601 (2012)]
Squeezed light implemented in GEO600!
GEO600 now uses squeezed light for its searches for gravitational waves. After the Hannover squeezed-light laser was finished in 2010, its implementation and all tests were passed with flying colours. Now, GEO600 uses two lasers: its standard laser of about 10 W power, and the new squeezed-light laser (see Figure) that just adds a few entangled photons per second but significantly improves the sensitivity of GEO600. The concept was proposed 30 years ago, and has been now realized in Hannover for the first time. Our work was published online in September 2011 in the "Nature Physics" journal.
Read Nature Physics article or at arXiv.
[The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Enhanced sensitivity of the LIGO gravitational wave detector by using squeezed states of light, Nature Photonics 7, 613–619 (2013)]
Review: Squeezed Light / Quantum Metrology for Gravitational Wave Astronomy
In 1981 C. M. Caves proposed the use of squeezed quantum states of light in order to increase the sensitivity of laser-interferometric gravitational wave detectors. As it turned out, squeezed vacuum states of light injected into a laser interferometer (in addition to the bright coherent laser field) leads to quantum entanglement of the light fields in the interferometer arms. Thus, this proposal was the first to use entanglement for metrology (quantum metrology). This review summarizes the experimental progress in squeezed light generation for gravitational wave detectors over the past years.
[R. Schnabel et al., Quantum metrology for gravitational wave astronomy. Nat. Commun. 1:121 doi: 10.1038/ncomms1122 (2010)].
The GEO 600 Squeezed Light Source
The next upgrade of the GEO 600 gravitational-wave detector is scheduled for 2010 and will, in particular, involve the implementation of squeezed light. The required non-classical light source is assembled on a 1.5 m2 breadboard and includes a full coherent control system and a diagnostic balanced homodyne detector. Here, we present the first experimental characterization of this setup as well as a detailed description of its optical layout. A squeezed quantum noise of up to 9 dB below the shot-noise level was observed in the detection band between 10 Hz and 10 kHz. We also present an analysis of the optical loss in our experiment and provide an estimation of the possible non-classical sensitivity improvement of the future squeezed light enhanced GEO 600 detector.
[H. Vahlbruch et al., Class. Quantum Grav. 27, 084027 (2010)]
This article has been selected for the Highlights of Classical and Quantum Gravity.
The World's Strongest Squeezing in a Sagnac Interferometer
Only a few years ago, it was realized that the zero-area Sagnac interferometer topology is able to perform quantum nondemolition measurements of position changes of a mechanical oscillator. Here, we experimentally show that such an interferometer can also be efficiently enhanced by squeezed light. Measurements performed directly on our squeezed-light laser output revealed squeezing of 12.7 dB. We discuss the Sagnac topology in view of future gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope, whose design is currently being studied.
[T. Eberle et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 251102 (2010)]
High Reflectivity without Coating: Nano-Structuring Silicon Crystal Surfaces
Our work experimentally demonstrates for the first time a monolithic surface mirror, i.e., a single piece of monocrystalline silicon with a reflectivity high enough to form a laser cavity with a finesse of almost 3000. The achieved high reflectivity relies on resonant coupling to a guided optical mode of a surface nanostructure (Figure left). Since no material is added to the silicon substrate, coating Brownian thermal noise is avoided.
[F. Brückner et al.,Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 163903 (2010)], press release.
Entanglement Distillation
The distribution of entangled states of light over long distances is a major challenge in the field of quantum information. Decoherence destroys the non-classical states after some finite transmission-line length. In two articles we demonstrated the first two-copy and iterative three-copy entanglement distillation to overcome decoherence.
[B. Hage et al., Nature Physics 4, 915 (2008)];
[B. Hage et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 230502 (2010)].
Entangled Mirrors
Our theoretical analysis has proven a connection between (i) reaching the standard quantum limit (SQL) of a position measurement and (ii) the possibility of creating entanglement between the centre of mass motions of two suspended mirrors. We proposed to use a Michelson interferometer and two balanced homodyne readouts in order to create position/momentum entanglement between two macroscopic mirrors. Since the already planed gravitational wave detector Advanced LIGO is designed in order to reach the SQL, entanglement of macroscopic mirrors of several kg mass might be feasible in future experiments.
[H. Müller-Ebhardt et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013601 (2008)]
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