text:
The Homeschool
Association of CA
Homeschooling Teens
It's natural, because it's a cultural habit, to think that kids who are high school age will study algebra, English, history, science, foreign language, art, music, and other subjects, and to expect that these studies will lead to a high school diploma and the next step in life. It's natural to think this way, but it isn't necessary. There is a lot of evidence that young people who have experiences during their teenage years that are different - sometimes radically different - from those in traditional high school take very successful next steps in their lives, and these steps include being admitted to good colleges and universities. Many kids who have skipped a big chunk or all of high school succeed wonderfully in all kinds of endeavors, including academic work at the highest level. There are no apparent gaps in what they know or can do.
A substantial part of our knowledge doesn't come from formal school lessons. Kids don't absorb calculus out of the air, but when they follow their interests and learn about the world under their own steam, they do make gains in reading, writing and math, and they do acquire general knowledge of science and history and other subjects, sometimes very esoteric subjects.
A traditional curriculum can be useful and fulfilling, but it isn't essential. Teenagers can devote their time to anything from working through a traditional curriculum to setting up and immersing themselves in completely individualized and idiosyncratic endeavors without closing off any future life path.
There are a variety of existing programs that may provide what you want. If a local program isn't available, you may find what you want offered through the U.S. mail, over the Internet, and/or by phone by a school at some distance from you. A wide variety of homeschooling and independent study programs are offered by the public schools; these schools may be the same ones that offer very traditional programs, or separate alternative programs within a school district, or in charter schools. Such programs are also offered by some private schools.
Programs vary in these ways:
If you prefer to be on your own or cannot find a suitable program, you can start your own school. You can easily file a private school affidavit with the California Department of Education and take charge of your kids' education (see "Establishing A Private School"). This does not necessarily mean that you have to do everything. You can utilize any resources you want, including mentors, tutors, anyone else willing to offer something of value to your kids, and structured classes offered by a variety of institutions and community organizations. Some parents do essentially everything, some take on certain responsibilities and delegate others, and some contract almost everything out.
The line between high school and college need not be a sharp one. It is possible for teenagers to enroll in classes at community colleges and at four-year colleges and universities. The process at community colleges is called concurrent enrollment, dual enrollment, special enrollment, or something similar. I'll call it concurrent enrollment. The procedures vary from college to college. Typically a form is provided for applying for concurrent enrollment. This form will require the signatures of several people, including the student, a parent, one or two high school officials, and one or more college officials. You are an official if you have an R-4 school, and you can, if necessary, take on two (or more) roles, such as principal and counselor. Some colleges have balked at accepting a signature from a parent with an R-4 school. There may be a legal remedy for this problem; contact the HSC Legal Team.
Colleges often place restrictions on concurrent enrollment, such as a limit on the number of classes to be taken; a prohibition against taking certain classes, often the most elementary classes in math and English; allowing registration only during certain times (usually later than "regular" students); and so on. Sometimes only some of the rules are published, and careful questioning will reveal additional possibilities. For example, one college has published a rule that says a concurrently enrolled student may take no more than 6 units, yet another unpublished rule allows for enrollment in more units with an additional signature from a college official.
Find out exactly how the college awards credit for classes taken by concurrently enrolled students to make sure the credit earned is what's desired. In some instances colleges waive the per-unit enrollment fee (sometimes called tuition) for concurrently enrolled students.
At four-year schools there is often a process for enrolling students who have not been formally admitted. At UC Santa Cruz this happens through concurrent enrollment with University Extension, at San Jose State through Open University. Other state campuses will have similar procedures, and private colleges and universities may also provide such enrollment opportunities. Contact admissions offices for specific information.
College students are independent adults pursuing studies more rigorous than high school coursework; college work is at a faster pace and a higher level and requires independent thought and action. Some kids at 14 or 15 or 16, occasionally even earlier, thrive in this environment, while many others are not ready for it. Possibly the best indicator of readiness for college is a kid's own personal desire and informed choice to study at this level.
Rarely, a very young and academically gifted young person may need special guidance in taking college courses. In these instances, it is a good idea to contact potential instructors and make sure they are willing to include young kids in their classes.
There are five ways to homeschool legally in California and how a homeschooler is graduated depends on which homeschooling legal option they are using.
Private School in Your Own Home
If you establish your own private school, then you are responsible for determining your school's graduation requirements. You can graduate your child on any basis you choose, at any age, considering your own child's interests and needs. You issue the diploma and create transcripts. Your 16-18 year old child may leave school early with your permission. Students under 16 must continue to be enrolled even though they have graduated.
Public School and Charter School Independent Study Programs
Public high school graduation requirements apply to homeschooling students enrolled in independent study programs (ISP). Districts can determine their own graduation requirements as long as they include a minimum set of required courses set by the state. The program will give you a list of the required courses and how many credits are required. They make the decision about when a student has met all requirements. They may or may not give credit for work done prior to enrollment in that school so it is important to clarify this with the program upon enrollment if a student is entering during their high school years.The California High School Exit Exam (CAHSEE - don't confuse this with a different test referred to as the CHSPE) has been suspended as a graduation requirement for the 2015/16, 2016/17, and 2017/18 school years. The state government will decide if a revised version of the CAHSEE or another test will be required for graduation after that.Transcripts and a diploma will be provided by the school.Note: If your child goes to a public school or charter program and does not meet their requirements for graduation, it is possible for you to remove him or her from the public school and establish your own private school in order to graduate him or her.
Public high school graduation requirements apply to homeschooling students enrolled in independent study programs (ISP). Districts can determine their own graduation requirements as long as they include a minimum set of required courses set by the state. The program will give you a list of the required courses and how many credits are required. They make the decision about when a student has met all requirements. They may or may not give credit for work done prior to enrollment in that school so it is important to clarify this with the program upon enrollment if a student is entering during their high school years.
The California High School Exit Exam (CAHSEE - don't confuse this with a different test referred to as the CHSPE) has been suspended as a graduation requirement for the 2015/16, 2016/17, and 2017/18 school years. The state government will decide if a revised version of the CAHSEE or another test will be required for graduation after that.
Transcripts and a diploma will be provided by the school.
Note: If your child goes to a public school or charter program and does not meet their requirements for graduation, it is possible for you to remove him or her from the public school and establish your own private school in order to graduate him or her.
Private School Satellite Programs
There are no state requirements for graduation from private schools and each private school determines their own specific requirements. If your child is enrolled in a private school satellite program (PSP), that program will give you the information about graduation requirements and will explain to you how to provide required documentation. You should discuss this with the school and be very clear from the beginning about exactly what they expect from you and what you can expect from them. It is important to have this information in writing. There are no state-required testing or reporting requirements. The school should provide you with transcripts and a diploma.
There are no state requirements for graduation from private schools and each private school determines their own specific requirements. If your child is enrolled in a private school satellite program (PSP), that program will give you the information about graduation requirements and will explain to you how to provide required documentation. You should discuss this with the school and be very clear from the beginning about exactly what they expect from you and what you can expect from them. It is important to have this information in writing. There are no state-required testing or reporting requirements.
The school should provide you with transcripts and a diploma.
California High School Proficiency Exam (CHSPE)
The CHSPE is an exam that covers English and math and is available to students who are 16 years old or older, or have completed 10th grade, or will complete 10th grade during the semester the exam is given. It covers English language arts and math. Students who have passed the CHSPE may leave school if they are 16, 17, or 18 with permission of their parents. The CHSPE is, by state law, the equivalent of a high school diploma and is accepted by anyone subject to California law which includes the community colleges and state college and university systems. It is also accepted by the federal government for civilian employment and by the federal student aid office. For other purposes, you should check to make sure it will be accepted. For complete information about the CHSPE, visit their website: https://www.chspe.net/about/
The CHSPE is an exam that covers English and math and is available to students who are 16 years old or older, or have completed 10th grade, or will complete 10th grade during the semester the exam is given. It covers English language arts and math. Students who have passed the CHSPE may leave school if they are 16, 17, or 18 with permission of their parents. The CHSPE is, by state law, the equivalent of a high school diploma and is accepted by anyone subject to California law which includes the community colleges and state college and university systems. It is also accepted by the federal government for civilian employment and by the federal student aid office. For other purposes, you should check to make sure it will be accepted. For complete information about the CHSPE, visit their website:
The General Education Development Test (GED)
In California, students who are 18 (and some 17-year olds that meet specific criteria) may take the GED test. The GED test covers reading, writing, math, science, and social studies. See the CDE GED website for more information about this test.
Requirements for graduation from public high schools (but not private ones and possibly not some charter school programs) are specified by the California Education Code in terms of yearlong or semester-long courses; individual school districts may add to these requirements. The state requirements are English (3—meaning three year-long courses); mathematics (2); science (2—including both biological and physical science); social studies (3—including U.S. history and geography; world history, culture, and geography); one semester in American government and civics; and one semester in economics; visual or performing arts or foreign language (1); and physical education (2).
A four-year program at a traditional public high school typically adds up to 220 credits and includes several elective courses. Public high schools keep "score" by awarding 5 credits per semester for each subject, and in a traditional school this means about 90 hours of class time. The material covered in each of these courses can be seen in Tables of Contents of textbooks and in state guidelines available at high schools, county offices of education, and at http://www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/index.asp. Sometimes the subject matter of a course is divided into units of study, so that, in life science, for example, one of several units in a course might be "The Animal Kingdom," and might be worth one credit of the 5 for a semester course or of the 10 for a year-long course. Ways to meet these requirements vary widely among different programs. In one, a set of traditional textbooks is issued, and a series of assignments centered on the books is specified. Completion of a series of assignments can lead to a full 5 credits for a semester of, say, U.S. History, or there may be several shorter series of assignments comprising units that each lead to earning a smaller number of credits. Another program may allow for flexible and individualized ways to meet requirements. For example, a family trip to historic sites on the East Coast, along with a narrated videotape, can be credited as work in U.S. History; additional work completed in different ways leads to a full 10 credits.
Children under 18 who have not graduated from high school or passed the CHSPE must, under most circumstances, have a work permit in order to hold a job.
If a child is enrolled in a public or charter school independent study program (ISP) or a private school satellite program (PSP) then the school or program is responsible for issuing the permit. Contact your school or program administrator for more information.
If you have established your own private school, then your school can issue work permits if it follows certain procedures. The following information will help you understand and comply with the legal requirements:
Participation in high school sports was the least of my concerns when I started homeschooling ten years ago. Some form of physical activity for my children was an important part of their curriculum and they started swim team, tennis lessons, soccer, softball and baseball. All of these sports were available through the community and the availability of school sports was irrelevant. However, when Kristina reached high school age she was interested in the high school tennis team experience and we explored her alternatives. The Redding school district required enrollment in the school or the district independent study program, which was set up for high school dropouts and mandated several hours of busy-work weekly. So we were faced with choices: The prison of school vs. ISP busy work vs. freedom. Kristina really wanted to play high school tennis and was willing to make the sacrifice. Even as the school added more and more onerous enrollment requirements she was willing to comply. She changed her mind when the high school tennis coach stated she could no longer train with her private coach in Sacramento during the season. The reality of the inflexibility of the program and the hostility to homeschoolers finally sunk in, and she decided that the negligible benefits of school sports were outweighed by the infringement on her freedoms.
Two years later, after we moved to Davis, Kristina reached the opposite conclusion. After encouragement from a local tennis coach and other homeschoolers who had participated in high school sports, we contacted the high school tennis coach and school counselor, Paul Oaks. He was very supportive of Kristina's choice to homeschool and her desire to play high school sports, and put her in touch with the Davis School for Independent Study (DSIS). She submitted a homeschool high school transcript to DSIS, explained her reasons for joining the program, and Kristina's high school tennis team experience began. DSIS understood homeschooling and unschooling, gave Kristina the flexibility to follow her own educational course within minimal guidelines, allowed her to continue to be in control of her education by taking DSIS, homeschool and community college courses, introduced her to a wonderful mentor, gave her the social experience of a team, and gave her the opportunity to play her last two years before college on a top-level high school tennis team. She ultimately graduated from our home-based private school and now attends the University of California, San Diego, where she plays college tennis. Derek is in his third year of swimming and Monika started her first year of water polo and swimming for Davis High School while attending DSIS during the sports season. They both take the minimum courses required, continue with their homeschool and community college classes, and will graduate from our home-based private school.
Although we got radically different treatment from the Redding and Davis school districts, they were following the same rules. In order to compete in high school sports at a public or private high school, the student must fit into the eligibility requirements of the California Interscholastic Federation (CIF). High school sports programs are governed by CIF, a private nonprofit, voluntary association of public and private high schools organized under the direction of local school boards of education with the sanction of the California Education Code. Although each public school district governing board has general control over interscholastic athletic programs, California Education Code section 35179 provides that the governing boards may "enter into a voluntary association with other schools for the purpose of enacting and enforcing rules relating to eligibility for, and participation in, interscholastic athletic programs among and between schools." This provision gives schools the authority to join CIF, and conversely, gives CIF the authority over interscholastic athletic programs. California Education Code section 33353 describes the CIF as "a voluntary organization consisting of school and school related personnel with responsibility for administering interscholastic athletic activities in secondary schools." The CIF Bylaws, which are the rules that the schools must follow to remain eligible to compete in high school sports, specifically state: "Only students regularly enrolled in public and private CIF member schools, grades 9-12, shall be permitted to participate in the California Interscholastic Federation..." Since 1,265 California High Schools are members of CIF, the result is that homeschoolers must follow those rules in order to compete at the high school level.
CIF rules, called bylaws, can be found online at www.cifstate.org. These rules include several pages of eligibility requirements ranging from when boys can compete on girl's teams and vice-versa, to competing under an assumed name, to academic requirements, to discipline, to independent study, home study and home schooling. Section 227, which was added in February, 2000, states that: "Students who are not enrolled in programs under the jurisdiction of a member school's governing body are not eligible to participate in CIF competition. Such programs would include, but not be limited to, home schooling or home study wherein parents, or other persons, are responsible for instruction and evaluation. Home study, home schooling students may become eligible to participate in CIF competition provided they meet all requirements of bylaw 226." This section also applies to homeschool students using the private school option and private school programs that do not have CIF athletic programs. Bylaw 226 provides that an independent study student can be eligible for sports teams as long as: "A. The student's registration is accepted by the local school board AND; B. The courses taken by the student meet the standards adopted by the local school board and Education Code Sections 51745, et. Seq. AND; C. The administrative responsibility for the student involved in athletics shall rest with the principal of the school for which the student is competing, AND; D. The student meets all other eligibility requirements of the CIF and its member sections."
Therefore under CIF rules homeschoolers participating in interscholastic sports must enroll in a public or private high school, independent study program, or charter school. Not only are California homeschoolers required to follow these provisions, but also homeschooling is now defined in a quasi-legislative forum: "home schooling or home study wherein parents, or other persons, are responsible for instruction and evaluation." This requirement raises three significant questions: 1) Do our children have the fundamental constitutional right to participate in high school sports? 2) Can these bylaws/rules be challenged? 3) What is the legal significance of the definition of homeschooling found in the CIF bylaws?
Apparently not, according to a 1986 appellate court decision. In Steffes v. California Interscholastic Federation, the court addressed the issue of "whether, under the California Constitution, the right to participate in interscholastic athletics is a 'fundamental right'." (Steffes v. California Interscholastic Federation (1986) 176 Cal.App.3d 739.) For a comprehensive discussion of the significance of "fundamental rights" see Stephen Greenberg's essay: The Legality of Private-School Homeschooling in California. Basically, when examining the constitutionality of a law infringing on a fundamental constitutional right, the higher standard of "strict scrutiny" is used. If the right infringed upon is not fundamental, the court uses the "rational basis" test to evaluate its constitutionality. In Steffes, a Los Angeles area student, Kent Steffes, appealed CIF Rule 214 that made him ineligible to participate in varsity high school sports because he transferred from a CIF member private school to a CIF member public school.
Kent Steffes' contention that participation in high school athletics is a fundamental right is relevant to homeschoolers interested in challenging Rule 227. He argued that the fundamental right to a public school education included the right to participate in interscholastic athletics and the imposition of Rule 214 deprived him of his fundamental right to participate in extracurricular activities offered by a public school. He further contended that this deprivation of a fundamental right required the court to apply a "strict scrutiny" test, rather than a "rational basis" test in considering the constitutionality of Rule 214. The Second District Court of Appeals did not agree with this argument.
The court noted that, "inasmuch as CIF is an organization with responsibility for administering interscholastic athletics in all California secondary schools (see Ed. Code, section 33353), the enforcement of its rules constitutes 'state action' for purposes of constitutional analysis." (Id. at 746. See also Jones v. California Interscholastic Federation (1980) 197 Cal.App.3d 751, 757.) Although acknowledging that under the California Constitution, public education is a fundamental right (Hartzell v. Connell (1984) 35 Cal.3d 899; Serrano v. Priest (1971) 5 Cal.3d 584) and that the Supreme Court in Serrano stated that extracurricular activities are a fundamental part of public education, the Steffes court refused to extend that same fundamental right status to the right to participate in interscholastic athletics. They pointed out that since Serrano had not specifically stated that interscholastic athletics were a fundamental right, they were not compelled to make such a finding. "[T]he fact that public education is a fundamental right under the California Constitution does not compel a finding that in California the right to participate in interscholastic athletics is also a fundamental right entitled to the highest degree of constitutional protection. Therefore, we hold that an equal protection challenge involving that right is properly tested by the rational basis standard, rather than by the strict scrutiny standard of judicial review." (Steffes, supra, at748.) Thus, the court based its decision that interscholastic athletics is not a fundamental right on the thin grounds that the Supreme Court in Serrano did not take the next step and specifically state that extracurricular activities are fundamental rights subject to constitutional protection.
The court applied the "rational bases" test to determine if the rule was constitutional, and determined that Rule 214 is rationally related to the State's "valid and legitimate interest in eliminating or minimizing athletic recruitment problems in secondary schools." (Id.) This finding is significant to a homeschooler challenging Rules 227 because the school only needs to show that the rules are rationally related to some perceived legitimate interest, such as overseeing the student's education or prevention of recruitment. The Steffes court stated (quoting In re U.S. ex rel. Missouri State High Sch. Etc. 8th Cir. 1982) 682 R.2d 147): "If the classification has some 'reasonable' basis, it does not offend the Constitution simply because the classification 'is not made with mathematical nicety or because in practice it results in some inequality. Once a rational relationship exists, and it exists here, judicial scrutiny must cease. Whether the rule is wise or creates undue individual hardship are policy decisions better left to legislative and administrative bodies. Schools themselves are by far the better agencies to devise rules and restrictions governing extracurricular activities. Judicial intervention in school policy should always be reduced to a minimum." (Steffes, supra, at 749.) In Jones the same appellate court applied the same principles and upheld the school's interpretation of another eligibility rule, which denied a fifth year high school student the right to play varsity football. It reiterated the Steffes findings, and added that: "Education Code section 35179 authorizes voluntary associations such as the CIF to enact and enforce rules relating to eligibility for, and participation in, interscholastic athletics." The court noted: "The rationale behind the CIF's interpretation is the rule's promotion of a high school education over high school athletics."
Kent Steffes also argued that Rule 214 violates state law because the making and enforcing of rules governing interscholastic athletics is limited to the Department of Education and the Superintendent of Public Instruction.. Again, the Steffes court disagreed and held that "although Education Code section 33352 gives the Department of Education 'general supervision over the courses of physical education,' sections 35179 and 33353 give voluntary associations, such as CIF, authority to enact and enforce rules relating to eligibility for, and participation in, interscholastic athletics." This decision means that any court following the Steffes decision will enforce the CIF bylaws against students wishing to participate in interscholastic athletics.
As an appellate court decision, Steffes does not carry the same weight as a California Supreme Court decision, although courts not following it can be expected to discuss and distinguish it from their facts. Trial court judges in the same district are likely to follow the decision because they realize that a contrary decision will be appealed to the same court that made the decision. Even though it will be given serious consideration by any trial court judge or appellate judges in other districts, they are not compelled to follow it if they disagree with the basis of the decision. The California Supreme Court, given the right facts, might overrule Steffes. However, the expense, time constraints and burdens of litigation would have to be balanced against the likelihood of success and the risk of setting a bad precedent.
The biggest risk is what happens if a student obtains a court order compelling the school to allow him or her to compete, and then loses the underlying lawsuit. According to CIF rule 228, CIF or one of its sections can, among other things, require that individual and team records be stricken, require that individual and team awards be returned, require that team victories be forfeited, make the team ineligible for future championships or invitationals, and require the school return its share of net receipts from any competition. Because of the length of time for a lawsuit to get heard, a student challenging CIF rules needs to obtain a restraining order requiring the school to allow sports participation while the lawsuit is pending. However, the punishment is so onerous against the school if the student loses, the attitudes of the school, coach and teammates are likely to be less than cordial.
Thus, homeschoolers wishing to participate in high school athletics without enrolling in the school or an acceptable independent study program will not be able to do so. They will need to decide if giving up their homeschooling freedom is outweighed by the benefits of high school sports.
The Steffes and Jones decisions elevated the CIF bylaws to legislative status for evaluation purposes. The recognition of homeschooling is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it acknowledges the existence of independent homeschooling. On the other hand, it denies eligibility to independent homeschoolers and is possibly the first step towards a definition of homeschooling in California. The next step could be homeschooling regulations.
Homeschoolers are participating in and getting scholarships for college sports. Kristina is playing tennis at the University of California, San Diego, a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II school. As a homeschooler, she did not go through the NCAA Clearinghouse, as is required of public and private school students, until after she was accepted at UCSD and on the team. However, the rules regarding homeschoolers changed recently, and homeschool athletes planning to participate in college sports need to register with the NCAA Clearinghouse to get an initial eligibility report. They are required to meet certain academic requirements, as are all team members. For further information, go to the NCAA websiteand review the requirements for homeschoolers.
Participation in high school and college sports programs can be a rewarding for homeschool athletes. However, homeschoolers need to carefully consider the alternatives. Sometimes the high school athletic opportunities do not override the joy of homeschooling independently, following your own schedule, and planning your own course in life. One of many reasons for homeschooling through high school is to promote education over the distractions offered in public and private high schools. Often, athletic opportunities available in our communities, particularly in individual sports such as swimming, tennis and gymnastics, are superior to the high school programs. Some sports may only be available through high school programs, such as football and basketball, and high school participation may be required in order to qualify for college team positions and scholarships. Each homeschooler will need to make an informed decision based on his or her particular situation and goals, and the available options.
When you feel a kid is beyond high school, you can, if you've set up a school, give him a diploma on any basis you choose. When a person who is younger than 18 has a high school diploma, his legal status changes in three ways: he gains freedom from the compulsory education law, he gets out from under the laws that restrict his work hours and require him to get a work permit, and he gains independent access to community colleges. (Eighteen-year-olds gain these advantages simply because of their age.)
Strictly speaking, a person under 16 with a diploma is not exempt from the compulsory education codes. It's likely that this teen can act as if he's exempt, and there will not be a problem. You may comply with the code by choosing to keep the teen with a diploma enrolled until age 16, or you may simply re-enroll him should a problem arise. In either case, he will still have access to community colleges and be free from work restrictions.
Diplomas and Transcripts
Keep in mind that many people live productive and fulfilling lives without formal college education. Job experience, internships, apprenticeships, travel, and independent learning of all kinds can lead to satisfying situations.
If your kid does want to go to college, she can go as far as she wants, regardless of what she has done as a teenager. With any kind of diploma or high school equivalency certificate (see section on Testing - CHSPE and GED), or without any document at all if they're 18 or older, people can enter a community college and prepare to enter a four-year college or university. Admission at the University of California (UC) or the California State University (CSU) can be based entirely on a community college record. Other colleges and universities will pay minimal attention, if any, to an applicant's high school record if a solid community college record is submitted. Any level of higher education can be reached this way; people with no high school experience at all have earned PhD's.
If a young person wants to enter a four-year school without first attending a community college, the college's freshman entrance requirements must be met (transfer admission requirements are different); sometimes admission on a special basis without having met all the regular requirements is possible. Regular requirements will most likely include specific coursework and test scores (see section below on tests). If a student has been part of a public school program, the coursework is documented there. It's essential that the work be considered college preparatory. In the case of UC, the school or program must have filed a list of UC-approved courses with the UC system-wide office; some public school programs have not done this.
Documentation is essential for independent homeschoolers. Increasingly, four-year colleges and universities are accepting non-traditional documentation of accomplishments outside of traditional schools for admission consideration. However, with some colleges, and with UC in particular, admission directly from an independent homeschooling situation is not easy (transfer admission is very straightforward - see above). It is possible to enter UC on the basis of testing alone; also, UC subject requirements can be met through SAT II testing. In every case, check carefully with admissions counselors at schools of interest.
Tests provide a limited means of measuring test-taking ability and maybe other things. Don't let them be any kind of measure of who your kids are. They can, however, serve important practical purposes such as high school completion or college admissions and credit.
There are two tests by means of which to earn a high-school-diploma-equivalent certificate: the California High School Proficiency Examination(CHSPE) and the General Educational Development (GED). The CHSPE has a narrower focus and tests skills and knowledge in reading, math, writing, and language. The GED includes these areas and also tests in science and social studies. Opinions vary about which test is more difficult, and different perceptions probably arise from kids with different strengths. The GED is more widely known and may be more readily accepted, although it is a myth that the CHSPE Certificate is unacceptable outside California.
In California (different states have different rules), anyone 18 or older can take the GED, and there are exceptions for somewhat younger people under some circumstances. It is administered by adult education schools in public school districts and is offered frequently. Contact your local adult school for information on the GED or call the GED Office at the California Department of Education at (800) 331-6316.
The CHSPE may be taken by anyone who, on the day of the exam, is 16 or older, or has finished the tenth grade, or is enrolled in the second semester of the tenth grade. This exam is offered two or three times a year at test sites throughout the state. CHSPE information bulletins can be found at high schools and libraries or at http://www.chspe.net/. For questions not answered in the bulletin, call (866) 342-4773. There is a great deal of misinformation about the CHSPE floating around, especially within the public schools. Check the official bulletin to confirm anything you hear. A student who passes the CHSPE still has the right to attend public high school if desired.
If a CHSPE or GED certificate is to be used for admission to college, entering the military, specific job requirements, etc., be sure to check at the source (the colleges, the military, the employer, etc.) regarding their policies.
Preparation books for these exams can be found in bookstores and libraries.
The College Board/Educational Testing Service offers a number of exams that can support college admission and/or can lead to college credit:
Even when SAT/ACT scores aren't required, they provide one way (there are others) to demonstrate academic ability and acquired knowledge in the absence of a traditional transcript. It may be possible to gain admission to the schools your kids choose through testing alone, and impressive test scores always add strength to a college application. Just as in the case with the SAT/ACT, good scores on AP and/or CLEP exams can support a college application. Check carefully with colleges of interest for their policies regarding credit. Classes that prepare students for these tests may be offered by high schools, adult schools, community colleges, and private companies.
Guides and preparation materials can be found in libraries and bookstores. Explanatory and application materials from the College Board and ACT can be found at high schools, colleges, and libraries, and also can be obtained directly from the College Board at (510) 873-8000 or athttp://www.collegeboard.org; SAT tests will be changing within the next few years. To keep informed of those changes, check the website http://www.collegeboard.com/about/newsat/newsat.html. Information about the ACT can be obtained at (916) 631-9200 or at http://www.act.org. Information on the GED is available at http://www.acenet.edu/calec/ged.
We are just beginning to collect this information. If you have information that you think should be included, please contact the webmaster at: firstname.lastname@example.com to a community college that uses the CCCApply form? If you are a "PSA homeschooler" (you homeschooled using the private school in your own home option), then you should check "Attended High School" and not "Homeschooled" on the form. When you check "Attended High School, you will be able to write in your own school name.
Alternative ways of meeting the University of California A to G requirements for freshman admission.A great run-down of homeschool admissions policies for colleges and universities across the country.
As your child approaches the magical age of being able to drive, we know you will both be wondering how best to get a driver's license.
While it may be technically possible under the Education Code for homeschoolers who operate private schools to teach their children themselves, we know that the DMV is not supportive of this. We strongly recommend that you use one of the commercial options that the DMV recognizes. For instance, there are a number of commercial driving schools certified by the DMV that provide both the textbook and "behind-the-wheel" portions of the instruction required. You can also see if classes are offered through a local community college, public or private high school, or use a distance learning driver's education class. Please refer to the DMV websitefor more information or look in your local yellow pages.
Books and other resources relevant to the teen years.
A wave of homeschoolers has reached the Farm--students with unconventional training and few formal credentials. What have they got that Stanford wants? And how do admission officers spot it? This article appeared in Stanford University's alumni magazine.
Teen Resources Page
Copyright 2012-2019: HomeSchool Association of California


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Subscribe To Christmas Box Office: Wolf Of Wall Street And The Hobbit Fight It Out Updates
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Last weekend, The Hobbit: Desolation Of Smaug was able to spoil the debut weekend for Anchorman 2 by narrowly edging out a box office win. On Christmas, it may be able to deal the same Middle Earth blow to Leonardo Dicaprio's much-hyped Wolf Of Wall Street.
It'll take some time for the exact totals to come in, but early estimates indicate the holdover brought in about $9.3 million on the big holiday. If that figure holds, it will wind up edging out the Martin Scorsese-directed newcomer, which netted about $9.2 million, though these figures seem to be changing by the hour. No doubt the studio will consider that loss or narrow win at least a minor disappointment, but on the bright side, at least it's a very solid second place at the worst.
According to Deadline, third place went to Anchorman 2. The holdover Will Ferrell comedy took in $8.0 million, which was just a scotchy scotchy scotch ahead of the debuting Secret Life Of Walter Mitty, which grabbed $7.9 million. Beyond that top four, American Hustle ($7.5 million), 47 Ronin ($7.1 million), Frozen ($6.4 million), Saving Mr. Banks ($5.2 million), Grudge Match ($4.0 million) and Tyler Perry's A Madea Christmas ($3.0 million) were all able to generate some healthy returns for various studios, as well.
It's always difficult to determine exactly what is a success and what is a failure when it comes to Christmas. Last year, for example, Les Mis was able to take in about $18 million by separating itself from the pack. None of the films were able to do that this year. It's just one big jumbled mess, but at the same time, seven movies over $6 million is really impressive considering last year only had four.
The real story will be told on Sunday once the five day numbers start coming in. Christmas is obviously a huge day for movies, but what people choose to go see with their families and what they might see by themselves is often very different. That could help a film like Wolf Of Wall Street that isn't exact mom-friendly, and it could hurt a film like Secret Life Of Walter Mitty or Saving Mr. Banks that screams "family togetherness" and "bonding moments".
Check back in later this weekend for a full update on where your favorite film stands. Until then, go ahead and check out the trailer for Wolf Of Wall Street below, which we gave a big thumbs up to.

subset: commoncrawl


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While Leeds once flourished as a centre for textiles, today it is predominantly a bustling university city. Book flights to Leeds and discover its countless attractions. Visit the City Art Gallery and the beautiful Victorian Town Hall. Or take a waterside stroll to Leeds Industrial Museum. With its compact and pedestrianised centre, shopping in Leeds is a genuine pleasure. The 19th-century Victoria Quarter shopping centre is the crowning centrepiece.
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With the option to auto-suggest contacts from Google Contacts turned on (in Gmail, under 'Settings' then 'Tasks'), when you add tasks that start with special action keywords, followed by a person's name, Remember The Milk will automatically link up the task with the contact who it's associated with.
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TELL CITY - Police recovered stolen merchandise valued at nearly $10,000 from two homes in Tell City Thursday, including home electronics, baby strollers and small appliances allegedly shoplifted by five adults and three juveniles from Tell City's Wal-Mart.
Shopping carts holding flat-screen TVs, food processors, area rugs and even bedding were apparently pushed out of the store under the noses of employees, said Patrolman Roger Smith, who cracked the alleged theft ring with fellow Officer Bryce Hammack.
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Chris Tomlin's new song Whom Shall I Fear
You have to check out Chris Tomlin's new song Whom Shall I Fear. It is fantastic and has quickly become my "theme song" for this season, especially the chorus. I hope you will take a moment and listen, you will surely be strengthened and encouraged.
Please keep my daughter in your prayers. A rare condition that nearly blinded and killed her almost exactly 10 years ago is suddenly recurring. We didn't even know it was possible to recur. She's single and lives across country, not great at times like this. So like I said, this is my new theme song. God has often given us a special song at very difficult times in life. Isn't He wonderful? Such a loving God. Thanks so much for keeping Melissa in your prayers!
Please support this blog by shopping my PayPal store. God bless you! Digifree CraftCrave CraftCrave


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Immediately after my surgery Dr. Adler called me once if not twice a day to check-in for the first couple of days afterwards."
I was really skeptical when I first came. I ran up the subway stairs today... I couldn't do that for a year and a half!"
Dr. Adler is a leading podiatrist in NYC and heads up a staff of board certified podiatrists, with offices in Midtown Manhattan and White Plains, NY. He has been practicing since 1979 and has performed thousands of foot surgeries. Dr. Adler is board certified in podiatric surgery and podiatric medicine by the American Board of Multiple Specialties in Podiatry. Adler Footcare of Greater New York provides all types of foot care treatments including foot pain management, bunion surgery, minimally invasive foot surgeries and Hyprocure®, which is changing the face of podiatry. They recently moved into their brand new office in Midtown Manhattan, complete with a state of the art Podiatric OR. Dr. Adler always says "your feet shouldn't hurt and neither should their treatment". Contact the caring staff today at the Manhattan or White Plains offices if you need a foot doctor in NYC.
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iPad Accessibility Features for Hearing Impaired Students
iPad comes with accessibility features that make it easier to use for the hearing impaired student. If a student is hard of hearing, iPad sound delivery can be adjusted to make audio more easily distinguishable. Education with iPads often involves a variety of media and audio and is certainly an increasingly important method for communicating and expressing knowledge.
The iPad offers features to help those students with hearing difficulties:
Mono audio and channel balance: This option combines the left and right stereo channels into a single mono audio signal output. Mono Audio enables users with hearing loss in one ear to hear both channels in the other ear.
To turn on Mono Audio, tap Settings, General, and Accessibility; Mono Audio is the Hearing category toward the bottom of the screen. Tap to turn it on.
You can also adjust the balance of the output between the left and right channels by using the slider directly under the Mono Audio option in the Hearing section.
Headsets: In addition to the standard speakers, the iPad comes with an audio jack you can use to plug in earphones, earbuds, noise-canceling headphones, and amplified speaker systems. It also works with Bluetooth wireless headsets.
FaceTime: FaceTime is a great tool for people who want to communicate using sign language or by lip reading. Video chat allows users to see hand and finger gestures, as well as facial expressions.


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Bartender's Choice: What to Order at Beaker & Flask in Portland, Oregon
Top bartenders tell you which cocktails to order.
"I'm on a mission to make drinking fun again," says says Brandon Wise of Beaker & Flask in Portland, OR. "Mixology started taking things too seriously, which made drinking stuffy and took the emphasis off of the guest." As part of his commitment to fun and levity, Wise mandated a pre-shift team high-five from the Beaker & Flask staff.
The cocktails are often rooted in the classics, like the New Vieux, their rendition of the Vieux Carré, but also whimsical and experimental, like the .38 Special, a beer cocktail served in glass wrapped in a paper bag. "It just feels good to drink out of a paper bag," says Wise. "The presentation sparks conversation and leaves a lasting memory."
"Throughout history, bartenders have served more than just drinks," says Wise. "They act as gatekeepers, philosophers, psychologists, concierges, and ambassadors to the city." Wise introduces visitors to Portland's bounty of fresh fruits and vegetables in a number of housemade cocktail ingredients, such as a special pinot noir-based grenadine. "Portland is a local culture, and it only makes sense that we utilize that bounty," he says.
Brandon Wise will be leaving Beaker and Flask to work at Imperial, an upcoming venture from Vitaly Paley and Ben Bettinger that is scheduled to open in October. As a parting gift, Wise gave us his five favorite drinks of all time from the Beaker & Flask menu. Check out his picks in the slideshow above.
Beaker & Flask
727 Southeast Sandy Boulevard, Portland, OR (map) 503-235-8180; beakerandflask.com
About the Author: Greg Harned lives in Portland, OR, where he enjoys cocktails, drinking and general mischief-making in candlelit speakeasies, swanky cocktail lounges and dingy dive bars. He manages Portland Craft Cocktails where he writes about his various exploits and also dabbles in the spirits trade. You can follow him on Twitter @craftcocktails.
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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ORANGE, Calif. – Preseason All-American Adam Kniffin set yet another Puget Sound receiving record on Saturday, but the Puget Sound football team fell 55-35 at Chapman. Kniffin hauled in 12 catches for a school-record 267 yards and four touchdowns in the loss.
Coming into the season, the only school records that Kniffin did not own were the single game receiving yards record and the all-time record for receiving yards. With Saturday's 267-yard record-breaking performance, Kniffin now owns eight of the nine school records in the receiving category and is just shy of the final record. He now has 2,264 career receiving yard, which is just 58 yards shy of the Mike Bos' school record of 2,312 yards set between 1980-82. Bos also held the single game record of 222 yards, set in 1982, prior to tonight.
The Loggers (0-2) fell to Chapman 55-35 as the two met for the first time in school history. The Panthers (1-0) put the Loggers in an early hole and never looked back.
Austin Maranville took the opening kickoff 100 yards into the end zone for a quick 7-0 Logger lead. After a Logger three-and-out, Kean Stancil kicked off his big night with a seven-yard touchdown run and TD passes of 60 and 13 yards to build a quick 28-0 Panther lead in the first quarter.
Stancil ended the night with 339 yards and two passing TDs on an efficient 26-of-32 passing. He also ran for 33 yards and two scores.
Kniffin and the Loggers began to look like the high-powered offense of the past two years in the second quarter as Braden Foley capped an eight-play, 76-yard drive with his first of four TD hookups with Kniffin. This one came from 25 yards out.
The Logger defense forced a Panther punt when Chris Beaulaurier brought down Stancil for a six-yard loss on third-and-10. The punt went into the end zone for a touchback and Foley found Kniffin again on the first play for another TD. It was a career-long for both Foley and Kniffin and cut the Panther lead in half to 28-14.
However, that would be as close as the Loggers would get as two more quick touchdowns from Jeremiah McKibbins gave the Panthers a 42-14 lead at halftime.
Although the Panthers put up more points, both team were clicking offensively. Kniffin had nine catches for 214 yards by halftime, which was just eight yards shy of the school record he went on to break.
Foley continued to find success through the air as he found Kniffin for a touchdown strike of 31 yards in the third quarter and again from 15 yards out in the fourth. Late in the third, Foley hooked up with Thiesen Chang for a 38-yard touchdown pass that came on fourth down.
Foley ended the game on 31-of-55 passing for a career-high 470 yards and five touchdowns while throwing no interceptions. Ryan Rogers hauled in five passes for 52 yards and Chang finished with two catches for 45 yards. Foley continued to spread the ball around, hitting nine different receivers in the game.
Chapman kept pace keeping the Loggers at arm's length throughout the second half with a pair of field goals and a Stancil TD run. Kali'I Kunitomo led the Panther with 152 receiving yards and McKibbins carried the ball 24 times for 154 yards.
Freshman Matt Gilbert once again had a game-high 10 tackles to lead the Logger defense. However, there were over 1,100 total yards of offense in the game with Chapman outgaining the Loggers 615-526.
The Loggers will have a bye next week before playing in their home-opener against Whittier at 1 p.m. on Sep. 22.


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DailyDirt: Random Reader Submissions
from the urls-we-dig-up deptSince we started doing these DailyDirt posts, we've seen some interesting links in the comments from various astute readers. So here, we've collected a few of them that just shouldn't stay buried in a comment thread. And if you'd like to suggest links for future DailyDirt posts -- feel free to submit your own comment with a nice little url.
Here's a 3D plastic printer that can self-replicate. The software is freely available, and there's a growing group of enthusiasts working on it. [url] from modplan. If you're looking for a unique wedding ring, there's one that acts like a vinyl record. The ring has a 20-second recorded message engraved on it. [url] from an Anonymous Coward. Wanna meet up with other hackers in your area? There's a website for that. It's a wiki for hackers to congregate and collaborate. [url] from chris. There could be a remedy for arthritis derived from bee sting venom. The "natural" bee sting therapy of getting stung hundreds of times doesn't sound too appealing, though. [url] from another Anonymous Coward.
Filed Under: 3d printer, arthritis, hacker, submissions


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control(redirected from control population)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Financial, Encyclopedia.
1. the governing or limitation of certain objects, events, or physical responses.
2. a standard against which experimental observations may be evaluated, as a procedure identical to the experimental procedure except for the absence of the one factor being studied.
3. conscious restraint and regulation of impulses and suppression of instincts and affects.
4. a patient or group differing from the case or treated group under study by lacking the disease or by having a different or absent treatment or regimen. The controls and subjects usually otherwise have certain similarities to allow or enhance comparison between them.
automatic brightness control an automated exposure device used in radiology; it senses light and adjusts itself to produce a predetermined fluoroscopic density.
automatic exposure control a timer by which the exposure of x-ray film is determined by the radiographer but the length of exposure is determined by the equipment.
aversive control in behavior therapy, the use of unpleasant stimuli to change undesirable behavior.
birth control see birth control.
hemorrhage control in the nursing interventions classification, a nursing intervention defined as reduction or elimination of rapid and excessive blood loss.
infection control see infection control.
infection control: intraoperative in the nursing interventions classification, a nursing intervention defined as preventing nosocomial infection in the operating room.
motor control the generation and coordination of movement patterns to produce function; it may either control movements of the body in space or stabilize the body in space. See also postural control.
postural control motor control that stabilizes the body in space by integrating sensory input about body position (somatosensory, visual, and vestibular input) with motor output to coordinate the action of muscles and keep the body's center of mass within its base of support. An important aspect of postural control is the righting reactions. Called also balance.
stimulus control any influence exerted by the environment on behavior.
1. To regulate, restrain, correct, or restore to normal.
2. Ongoing operations or programs aimed at reducing a disease.
3. Members of a comparison group who differ in disease experience or allocation to a regimen from the subjects of a study.
4. In statistics, to adjust or take into account extraneous influences.
5. A necessary aspect of an experiment serving as a standard of comparison. A control differs from other aspects of an experiment by a single variable.
6. The regulation of a biochemical process, system, pathway, or reaction.
[Mediev. L. contrarotulum, a counterroll for checking accounts, fr. L. rotula, dim. of rota, a wheel]
control/con·trol/ (kon-trōl´)
1. the governing or limitation of certain objects or events.
2. a standard against which experimental observations may be evaluated.
3. the conscious restraint, regulation, or suppression of impulses, instincts, and affects.
aversive control in behavior therapy, the use of unpleasant stimuli to change undesirable behavior.
birth control deliberate limitation of childbearing by measures to control fertility and to prevent conception.
motor control the systematic transmission of impulses from the motor cortex to motor units, resulting in coordinated muscular contractions.
stimulus control any influence of the environment on behavior.
1. To verify or regulate a scientific experiment by conducting a parallel experiment or by comparing with another standard.
2. To hold in restraint; check.
3. To reduce or prevent the spread of.
1. A standard of comparison for checking or verifying the results of an experiment.
2. An individual or group used as a standard of comparison in a scientific experiment, as a group of subjects given an inactive substance in an experiment testing a new drug administered to another group of subjects.
Etymology: Fr, controler, to register
1 v, to exercise restraint or maintain influence over a situation, as in self-control, the conscious limitation or suppression of impulses.
2 n, a standard against which conclusions may be measured, as in a "control group."
noun A comparator against which a therapy in a clinical trial is evaluated—e.g., concurrent controls (placebo, no treatment, dose-response, active) or external controls (historical, published literature and meta-analysis).
The trial protocol incorporates scientific rationale for selecting the comparator and describes how it serves as a reference point for evaluation.
noun The processes or operations intended to ensure authenticity, integrity and confidentiality of electronic records.
controlClinical research Control subject A nontreated or 'negative' individual in a study who serves as a reference. See Concurrent nonrandomized control, Control population, Control subject, Historical control Epidemiology In a case-control study, a comparison group of persons without disease Lab medicine A specimen with known or standardized values for an analyte, that is processed in tandem with an unknown specimen; the 'control' specimen is either known to have the substance being analyzed, ie 'positive' control or known to lack the substance of interest, ie 'negative' control. See Negative control, Positive control, Quality control Psychology The degree to which a person can limit or modify verbal or physical responses to external stimuli. See Administrative control, Impulse control.
1. (v.) To regulate, restrain, correct, restore to normal.
2. (n.) Ongoing operations or programs aimed at reducing a disease.
3. (n.) Members of a comparison group who differ in disease experience or allocation to a regimen from the subjects of a study.
4. (v). statistics To adjust or take into account extraneous influences.
- an experiment carried out to afford a standard of comparison for other experiments, e.g. where the effect of a nutrient substance on a plant is being tested, control plants are grown in exactly similar conditions but without the addition of the nutrient substance.
- (also calledpara population control) the limitation by man of numbers of harmful plants or animals by artificial means, e.g. spraying with chemicals, poisoning, shooting or by seminatural means such as BIOLOGICAL CONTROL. See also REGULATION (2).
- (control system) a system that regulates a chemical process such as thyroxine production. See FEEDBACK MECHANISM.
n 1. power to direct the outcome of events that occur throughout life. To develop effective problem-solving skills and strategies, one must specifically differentiate between the circumstances that can and cannot be personally managed. For instance, one can direct the events associated with a work but not the outcome of a surgery. In behavioral medicine, it is one of the three unique attitudes associated with stress hardiness.
2. comparison standard as part of comparative test design.
3. the group selected for comparison to a test group in order to assess a hypothesis. See also stress hardiness.
2. comparison standard as part of comparative test design.
3. the group selected for comparison to a test group in order to assess a hypothesis. See also stress hardiness.
To regulate, restrain, correct, or restore to normal.
1. the governing or limitation of certain objects or events.
2. a standard against which experimental observations may be evaluated, as a procedure identical to the experimental procedure except for the one factor being studied; a requirement of any planned experimental study. Also, any individual of the group exhibiting the standard characteristics.
disease control
restraining or reducing the prevalence of individual disease. Includes the range of strategies from limitation of occurrence to eradication. Implies legislative control of notifiable disease.
control elements
nucleotide sequences on DNA that usually precede (upstream) the sequences coding for the structural gene at which regulator proteins act.
control factor
in a comparison between diseases caused by a number of contributing factors it may be necessary to supply controls for one or more of these factors.
control group
the group of animals with which the experimental group is to be matched; the group which has not had its variables manipulated experimentally. The selection of the animals to be included in the two groups may be based on matching them with respect to age, to their history of nutrition or inheritance, or vaccination or prophylactic treatment. Called also controls.
ovulation control
prevention of ovulation by administration of progesterone or stimulation of ovulation by injection of follicle-stimulating hormone are examples.
paired control
comparison between the experimental and control groups is most accurate if the control animal for each experimental animal is selected to be as similar as possible, i.e. a paired control.
control pole
a pole with a noose at the end used to catch and restrain small animals.
control population
a large control group.
population control
a variety of techniques are used with contraception being least used. Permanent surgical interference is common in food, racing and companion animal groups, and termination of pregnancy and estrus synchronization, both by hormonal means, are also extensively practiced. Increasing the culling rate is the standard procedure for dealing with a feed shortage.
x-ray control unit
the controlling mechanisms in an x-ray machine. Include the voltmeter and voltage compensator control, the kilovoltage, milliameter and milliamperage selectors and the timer and exposure control button.
Patient discussion about control
Q. Does it exist a Birth Control Shot for men?
A. No. Currently there are no available medications for birth control for men. However, there are several other methods, including barrier methods (condom) and more irreversible ones (e.g. vasectomy) which may require a treatment by a surgeon.
You may read more here: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001946.htm
You may read more here: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001946.htm
Q. how control premature ejuculation
A. There are medications that can help it, but they're prescription drugs so you may consult your doctor. Apart from that,, since in most cases there's no underlying medical problem that cause the premature ejaculation, you may consider consulting a sex therapist or mental health professional.
Q. BIRTH CONTROL how many types are there?
A. HI doctor-you forgot one--THE CELL PHONE RADIATION,next time you go out on a date dont forget your cell phone and a piece of string.HA HA ---mrfoot56More discussions about control


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Home >> Course Descriptions >> College of Education
Professional Paper
Three semester hours.
This course will provide students with opportunities and support for the satisfactory completion of a field of action research and resultant professional paper. Grades awarded will be P for pass and IP for in progress. If a grade of IP is received, students must enroll continuously until successful completion and defense. Failure to do so will result in a grade change from IP to F after one semester.
Home - General Information - Student Services -
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Undergraduate Degrees - Academic Graduate Regulations -
Graduate Degrees - Course Descriptions - Faculty -
Appendix A - Appendix B - Appendix C - Appendix D


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Caroline Church is a scraperboard artist, and the perfect illustrator to approach if you're after something with a vintage engraved look to it. Based in Twickenham, she grew up in Uganda, where she had pet chameleons and was encouraged to make greetings cards by her mother.
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Why Choose WebEasy Professional 10? Because you can build a great website in just one hour. WebEasy guides you step-by-step with built-in templates and e-commerce tools - no programming or HTML knowledge are needed. Everything you need to create an impactful website is included in every WebEasy package. In just one-click WebEasy publishes your website in minutes for the world to see.
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Exploring IndoChina, working in Hong Kong, interviewing Aung San Suu Kyi, a OSCE election observer in Azerbaijan, visiting Madagascar, on assignment in Benin, practicing pidgin Sinhalese in Sri Lanka, researching German emigration to Brazil, meeting with Letitia Baldrige in Washington, D.C., — Sabine Ludwig is one of those people who must be asked where she has not yet been in this world, while where she has been, evokes as much magical possibility as the Trans-Siberian Railroad journey that took her across 15 time zones, from Beijing to Moscow.
Ludwig is a freelance journalist, photographer and professional editor, who fell in love with the idea of exploring new cultures and from an early age, saved and planned to make travel possible. For years, she only shared her travel stories with a small group of friends and family. But over time, she noticed a growing trend of questions from these informal gatherings. Who are those refugee children? What is that Indian farmer doing? What's the story behind the woman carrying a basket of clothing?
The growing level of interest eventually pushed her to discover whether she could present her stories and photos on a bigger stage. Hours of trip planning, thousands of miles and hundreds of pictures later, she is now the author of three books that chronicle her anecdotes to the general armchair-traveling world.
Wanderings in Cuba is her most recent publication. Ludwig first traveled to that country shortly after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 to assess daily life for those now cut adrift from Soviet aid infusions. In 2006, she traveled to Cuba again when Fidel Castro announced his resignation due to health concerns. She wanted to document not only the segue of power between Castro and his brother Raul, but to also record the sights, tastes and smells of a country that had not yet submitted to tourism's generic grip. A small excerpt of photos documenting sights in Havana, Santa Clara and Trinidad, can be found here at this link.
The miles of travel have also granted Ludwig a heightened response to various environmental, social and cultural concerns facing Third World countries. Climate Change and Development Politics, is a new book scheduled for release in 2009, while a collaboration on the increased spreading of AIDS in Africa, was published in 2007. In her spare time, Ludwig also highlights the struggles of an animal rescue operations center in Sri Lanka that works to save abused and abandoned animals. She tag teams these efforts closer to home for an organization placing unwanted Hungarian Vizsla dogs.
A fourth travelogue, Wanderings in Alaska, will document a recently completed, month-long road trip along the Alaskan Highway. This book is specifically geared toward filling a significant void in European travel bookstores. Ludwig comments that most Europeans see a visit to Alaska as the same as a visit to Mars: it's exotic, incredible, and almost impossible to do. Consequently, it is difficult to find information on Alaskan travel experiences and the few bookstores that do carry such books, sell out quickly to readers irresistibly lured toward the siren calls of the Yukon gold rush and Alaska's overall wilderness beauty.
Yet fascinating travel narratives don't just involve exotic locales or interesting food choices. One of Ludwig's most enjoyable writing projects has been a rendition of her local history called, "We Children of the 1960s-1970s," a generational documentary of children coming of age in her hometown of Wuerzburg, Germany. It was a unique opportunity to travel back in time with old journals uncovering long-lost scents, noises and tastes of her own happy childhood. The project was all the more poignant, given the number of trips that frequently take her so far away from home. Yes, the comforts and warm familiarity of home and friends.
Travel is a lot more wearing than many writers admit. Missed travel connections, corrupt customs officials, dingy hotels, questionable food, needing medical help in a country where one is merely pidgin-fluent in the local language…For the frustrated and lonely traveler, these experiences tend to paint the idea of home in a Thomas Kinkade light.
But here's the funny thing about travel. One day may have everything going wrong while the next day has an appointment scheduled with serendipity, as in 'The Tale of Kim'.
In the late 1990's, Ludwig and her husband, Enric were completing a 2-year assignment in Benin, Africa, when they met a man looking to give away his dog. King was a handsome and well-behaved Weimaraner whose owner simply didn't want the hassle of bringing him back to Europe. King was given a home, was rechristened Kim, and eventually moved back to Germany with his new family where he earned his keep as the captivating model in one of Ludwig's award-winning photo exhibitions, "Kim, a Dog for All Purposes".
At this time, Ludwig will not be stopping her travels any time soon, although work and writing responsibilities should keep her local for a few months yet. At least not until the world map on her study wall reminds her once again, where she still hasn't been….East Africa, Greenland, Borneo, Philippines, Japan, Korea, Northern India, Central Asia and finally, the North & South Poles.
Although there is still that possibility of hooking up with friends at New Years to travel north through Tanzania up the eastern African coast to Ethiopia.


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The W-4 form is that confusing tax form given to you on your first day on the job. The form asks you questions like, "Would you like to claim yourself?" Um, wha? You are expected to just magically know. Now you'll have it magically written down and explained.
The W-4 form let's you decide when you want to pay your taxes to Uncle Sam.
Uncle Sam is either going to take too much out of each paycheck and then pay you back at the end of the year, or he'll take too little out of each paycheck and you'll owe him some money in April.
Either way, Uncle Sam will get what's coming to him. That's why we have Tax Day, April 15th. It's Uncle Sam's chance to settle the score.
Problems With A Zero
For most people, if you choose "0" on your W-4 form, you'll get back a refund at the end of the year. "Hooray!" you say. Now we'll explain why this may not be the best idea.
If you get money back at the end of the year, you've paid too much in taxes over the course of the year. The refund was your money from the start. It's like getting your old sweater as a birthday gift. Thanks, Mom!
Choosing "0" is sort of like a forced savings account. Money is taken from your paycheck, sent to Uncle Sam, and returned to you at tax time.
Here's the problem: Uncle Sam earns interest on your money while he holds it and never passes this interest onto you. "Boo!"
If you spend money like the world might end on Tuesday, then choosing "0" may be a good savings option for you. But since you won't earn interest on this savings, it's not your best economic option.
Unfortunately, Uncle Sam doesn't allow you to claim 45 allowances and earn interest on all of his money. (He's funny that way.) If you put down too many allowances, your chicanery will raise a red IRS flag.
Memory Device
Only a "zero" would put a zero on a W-4.
Story Time
When Bert was a forward for his high school soccer team, he wore the number zero on his jersey.
After missing a kick in the big game, fans taunted him from the stands, "Nice kick, zero!" "Eat dirt, zero!" For weeks, he had night terrors of that kick and those mean, mean fans.
Years later, Bert's HR representative gave him a W-4 form and explained, "You can put down a 0, 1, 2 or whatever on your form."
Suddenly, years of repressed memories bubbled up to the surface of Bert's tiny brain in one volcanic blast, "I AM NOT A ZERO! I AM NOT A ZERO!"
His HR rep paused, and then calmly replied, "Okay Bert."
And from that day forward, Bert was no longer a zero. He put down a one on his W-4.


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**Breastfeeding Mother's Group will not meet on any holidays**
This Breastfeeding Mother's Group offers moms a unique opportunity to discuss a wide variety of breastfeeding issues with our lactation consultants and other moms.
Each week a variety of interesting topics are discussed, like:
There is always time for questions and answers, as well as time for weighing your baby!
What should I bring?
Boppy pillow if desired
It's OK to bring your stroller.
Call 262-928-7650 for more information.
ProHealth Oconomowoc Memorial Hospital
ProHealth Care
791 Summit Ave.Oconomowoc, WI 53066
Additional information:


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The Genius AB3G Nitrogen generator is designed specifically for use with the AB SCIEX range of LC/MS instruments, up to and including the latest API5500. This premium model offers safeguards that are unique to Peak Scientific generators and effectively deliver reassurance and confidence for critical functions.
Features & Benefits:
Manufacturer Peak Scientific Instruments | Available Worldwide
Be the first to review this product


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sustainability through science & innovation
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text: Gratitude, Picnic Style June 29, 2012 08:57 PM A thank-you to landlords, neighbors and friends The past year has been a roller-coaster ride for the Dell family after losing Tommy, third-generation farmer, in a farm accident during harvest. As often happens in rural communities, neighbors and friends rallied to help with field work, chores, raising money for a children's scholarship fund and sharing the loss. A simple thank-you didn't seem enough, so the Dell family decided to use Tommy's idea for a landlord appreciation picnic as the springboard for a summer gathering at the Westminster, Md., farm to express their gratitude. The equipment was moved out of the machine shed and tables moved in. Landlords, neighbors and friends were treated to barbecue with all of the fixings, homemade desserts, farm tours, a bounce house for the kids, and fishing and swimming in the pond. Held on the ninth birthday of Tommy and Shannon's son, Grady, the picnic was a hit with the more than 100 folks who flocked to the picturesque farm for a day to remember. Click the image below to view a photo gallery of the Dell family's picnic. Web Extra: Learn how the Dell family has pushed forward with life's changes. Back to news


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Even in a small city like Zhongshan (small by Chinese standards, anyway), there is a huge variety of dim sum restaurants, ranging from tiny mom-and-pop's to large elegant banquet halls. Prince Restaurant, a 10-minute walk from my parent's home, fits the latter description. We forgoed our usual bakery breakfast for dim sum with my parents and a big group of their childhood friends.
Hargao, shaomai,* spring rolls, oh my. Plates and baskets streamed steadily to our table: crispy squid, pork buns, fried dough, lotus leaf rice, coconut pudding. Along with the standard Cantonese dim sum I've had countless times, there was something new, a flaky delicate fan-shaped pastry. The filling? Oysters.
Oysters that are served at dim sum are usually stir-fried or fried, hardly ever in the form of a pastry. The layers here reminded me of phyllo or mille-feuille, though the technique is different. To make this pastry the baker or pastry chef first divides the dough in half, kneeds one part with water, the other part with oil. With the filling in the middle, he then folds the two parts into each other multiple times, then turns the dough inside out before baking so the tiny folds are visible.
Oysters for breakfast may not kickstart another appetite, contrary to legend. But the taste of the flaky shell melting with the oysters further confirmed my opinion that savory pastries can be eaten at any time of the day.
*Shrimp dumplings in translucent wrappers, pork and crab dumplings.
Prince Restaurant 王子饭店
Zhongshan MaiGuangFan
5th floor, Daxin Xinduhui Building, No. 2
South of Daxin Road, Shiqi District, Zhongshan
(+86) 760-8722238


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- Home
- Balloons
- Specialty Balloons
- Alphabet Balloons
- Silver Alphabet Balloons
- 16" Foil Balloons
- 16" Mini Letter L Silver Balloon"
16" Mini Letter L Silver Balloon"
Product Description
Get creative with this party essential! Our 16" Mini Letter L Silver Balloon" looks great alone and as a complement to a balloon bouquet of your own design.
16" Mini Letter L Silver Balloon" product details:
- 16in tall
- Self-sealing
- Reusable
This 16" Balloons can only be inflated with normal air. It can be string up or stick to the wall."
Balloons arrive uninflated. Helium inflation available at Wow! Let's Party stores.
WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD - Children under 8 years can choke or suffocate on uninflated or broken balloons. Adult supervision required. Keep uninflated balloons from children. Discard broken balloons at once.


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Moderators: Three Stars, dagny, pfim, netwolf
columbia wrote:cheep beer has a place and time.
Eismann wrote:Eismann wrote:Picked up some Brooklyn Black Chocolate Stout to try. We going Wesley Snipes on this.
Two down, quite nice. Maybe could use a touch more body, but the flavors and finish are really good. The 10% isn't striking, either.
BadHands71 wrote:Brooklyn Black Chocolate stout is good but Rogue Double Chocolate is my favorite. If you ever get the chance, it's delish.
the wicked child wrote:I'm thinking of cracking open my big ass bottle of Delirium Tremens during the game tomorrow.
ILikeTurtles wrote:Just picked up a 4 pack of Dogfish Head Olde School, slightly excited.
BadHands71 wrote:ILikeTurtles wrote:Just picked up a 4 pack of Dogfish Head Olde School, slightly excited.
If you can, cellar one of those puppies for a year or two from now. Just from the initial flavor profile, I feel like that would age very well. It would probably make for a nice comparison and a good drinking experience.
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 20 guests


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Pope Francis Approves Sainthood for John Paul II, John XXIII
(ROME) -- On Friday, Pope Francis approved former Popes John Paul II and John XXIII for sainthood.
Pope Francis waived the requirement of a second miracle attributed to John XXIII, known as "Good Pope John," and officially recognized the second miracle attributed to John Paul II. John Paul II's second miracle is said to be related to intercession.
John Paul II would be the fastest member of the Catholic Church to become a saint in modern history, just eight years after his death. The previous record is held by Opus Dei founder Josemaria Escriva, who was made a saint in 2002, 27 years after his death, says the Washington Post.
The canonization of John XXIII without a second miracle is uncommon, though not unprecedented. John XXIII himself waived the requirement for St. Gregorio Barbarigo in 1960.
No date was given for the canonization ceremony.
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio


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WEST ALLIS, Wis. - As the Andretti Autosport teams clogged the qualifying leaderboard, it sure looked as if the fix was in at the Milwaukee Mile.
Andretti drivers have won four of the last eight IndyCar races at Milwaukee, and Michael Andretti's marketing group is in its second year promoting the event. So when his son, Marco, jumped to P1 in Friday's qualifying session, followed by all three of his teammates, he could chuckle that perhaps something was awry.
"We get extra horsepower here," Michael Andretti joked.
In the end, Will Power of Penske Racing prevented an Andretti sweep by wedging himself in the middle of the four Andretti cars. When the field goes green Saturday, it will be Marco Andretti and James Hinchcliffe starting on the front row, followed by Power and then Andretti drivers Ryan Hunter-Reay, the defending race winner, and E.J. Viso.
Asked what was up with the Andretti domination, Hinchcliffe had an answer far more entertaining than a claim of extra horsepower.
"Pixie dust," Hinchcliffe said. "We were cleaning out the attic at the shop and came upon this little bag, and we spread the dust over all the cars."
All jokes aside, it's shaping up to be a race for an Andretti driver to lose in Saturday's 250-mile event.
Marco Andretti won the pole with a two-lap average speed of 170.515 mph around the mile oval. It's his second career at Milwaukee, and third overall, and he beat Hinchcliffe's average of 170.418 for a front row sweep for the Andretti cars.
"That's as good as I could have done," said Andretti, who scoured the qualifying order after his lap. "I'm dying to see who is out there who can beat me."
Power was third at 170.212, followed by Hunter-Reay and Viso.
Sebastian Saavedra was sixth and Tony Kanaan was seventh as Chevrolet drivers swept the top seven spots.
Josef Newgarden was the highest qualifying Honda at eighth.
Helio Castroneves, last week's winner at Texas, qualified 18th. His car failed post-race inspection Saturday night and IndyCar this week fined Penske Racing $35,000 and docked Roger Penske 15 owner points.
But Castroneves maintained his lead in the IndyCar Series standings, which is 22 points over Marco Andretti.
Marco Andretti, though, has his eye on the winner's circle Saturday. He's finished inside the top seven in seven of the eight IndyCar races this year and is eager to grab his first victory since 2011.
"Man, I am so hungry to get the monkey off my back because once I do, I think they (wins) are going to steamroll from there," Andretti said. "We're knocking on the door and that's all we've got to do. Hopefully it will come through."
And the pressure is on for Andretti to do it this weekend at Milwaukee as a Father's Day gift to Michael.
"It would be huge, and I told him hopefully this is only part of his Father's Day gift," Marco said. "We have the car to do it, we have four great shots. I also have to credit Andretti Autosport as a whole, four out of the top five is pretty awesome."
Especially considering how far off Hinchcliffe was in both practice sessions Friday. He smacked the wall in Turn 2 in the first session, damaging his car, and was far off of his teammates' pace.
"Change after change didn't seem to make it any better and it was tough," Hinchcliffe said. "We were scratching our heads wondering what we should do, and our teammates were first, second and fourth, just making us look stupid. We went through the whole car and my head was in the wrong place.
"But everybody did a good job. The team did its job in getting the car sorted, and I pulled my head out to forget about practice and here we are."


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