text:
The Hydrogen Experiment
The Hydrogen Experiment
Riding from the airport to Iceland's capital, Reykjavík, gives one the sensation of having landed on the moon. Black lava rocks cover the mostly barren landscape, which is articulated by craters, hills, and mountains. Other parts of the island are covered by a thin layer of green moss. American astronauts traveled here in the 1960s to practice walking the lunar surface, defining rock types, and taking specimens.
I, too, have
traveled here on a journey of sorts to a new world-a world that is powered not
by oil, coal, and other polluting fossil fuels, but one that relies primarily
on renewable resources for energy and on hydrogen as an energy carrier,
producing electricity with only water and heat as byproducts. My quest has
brought me to the cluttered office of Bragi Árnason, a chemistry professor at
the University of Iceland whose 30-year-old plan to run his country on hydrogen
energy has recently become an official objective of his government, to be
achieved over the next 30 years. "I think we could be a pilot country, giving a
vision of the world to come," he says to me with a quiet conviction and deep,
-eyed stare that reminds me of this country's hardy Viking past.
When he first proposed this hydrogen economy decades ago, many thought he was crazy. But today, "Professor Hydrogen," as he has been nicknamed, is something of a national hero. And Iceland is now his 39,000-square-mile lab space for at long last conducting his ambitious experiment. Already, his scientific research has led to a multi-million-dollar hydrogen venture between his university, his government, other Iceland institutions, and a number of major multinational corporations.
I am not alone in my expedition to ground zero of the hydrogen economy: hundreds of scientists, politicians, investors, and journalists have visited over the past year to learn more about Iceland's plans. My journey is also an echo of what happened in the 18th century, when merchants and officials flocked to another North Atlantic island-Great Britain-to witness the harnessing of coal.
Today, many experts are watching Iceland closely as a "planetary laboratory" for the anticipated global energy transition from an economy based predominantly on finite fossil fuels to one fueled by virtually unlimited renewable resources and hydrogen, the most abundant element in the universe. The way this energy transition unfolds over the coming decades will be greatly influenced by choices made today. How will the hydrogen be produced? How will it be transported? How will it be stored and used? Iceland is facing these choices right now, and in plotting its course has reached a fork in the road. It must choose between developing an interim system that produces and delivers methanol, from which hydrogen can be later extracted, or developing a full infrastructure for directly transporting and using hydrogen. Whether the country tests incremental improvements or more ambitious steps will have important economic and environmental implications, not only for Iceland but for other countries hoping to draw conclusions from its experiment.
Iceland is not undertaking this experiment in isolation. Its hydrogen strategy is tied to three major global trends. The first of these is growing concern over the future supply and price of oil-already a heavy burden on the Icelandic economy. The second is the recent revolution in bringing hydrogen-powered fuel cells-used for decades in space travel-down to earth, making Árnason's vision far more economically feasible than it was just ten years ago. The third is the accelerating worldwide movement to combat climate change by reducing carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning, which in its current configuration places constraints on Iceland that make a hydrogen transition particularly palatable. How the island's plans proceed will both help to shape and be shaped by these broader international developments.
A Head Start
Straddling the mid-Atlantic continental ridge, Iceland is a geologist's dream. Providing inspiration for Jules Verne's Journey to the Center of the Earth, the island's volcanoes have accounted for an estimated one-third of Earth's lava output since 1500 a.d. Eruptions have featured prominently in Icelandic religion and history, at times wiping out large parts of the population. Reykjavík is the only city I know that has a museum devoted solely to volcanoes. There, one can find out the latest about the 150 volcanoes that remain active today.
Iceland's volcanic activity is accompanied by other geological processes. Earthquakes are frequent, though usually mild, which has made natives rather blasé about them. Also common are volcanically heated regions of hot water and steam, most visible in the hot springs and geysers scattered across the island. In fact, the word "geyser" originated here, derived from geysir, and Reykjavík translates to "smoky bay." During my visit, the well-known Geysir, which erupts higher than the United States' Old Faithful, was reemerging from years of dormancy, to the delight of Icelanders everywhere.
The country first began to tap its geothermal energy for heating homes and other buildings (also called district heating) in the 1940s. Today, 90 percent of the country's buildings-and all of the capital's-are heated with geothermal water. Several towns in the countryside use geothermal heat to run greenhouses for horticulture, and geothermal steam is also widely harnessed for power generation. One tourist hotspot, the Blue Lagoon bathing resort, is supplied by the warm, silicate-rich excess water from the nearby Reykjanes geothermal power station. Yet it is estimated that only 1 percent of the country's geothermal energy potential has been utilized.
Falling water is another abundant energy source here. Although it was floating ice floes that inspired an early (but departing) settler to christen the island Iceland, the country's high latitude has exposed it to a series of ice ages. This icy legacy lingers today in the form of sizable glaciers, including Europe's largest, which have carved deep valleys with breathtaking waterfalls and powerful rivers. The first stream was harnessed for hydroelectricity in the 1900s. The country aggressively expanded its hydro capacity after declaring independence from Denmark in the 1940s, beginning an era of economic growth that elevated it from Third World status to one of the world's most wealthy nations today. Hydroelectricity currently provides 19 percent of Iceland's energy-and that share could be significantly increased, as the country has harnessed only 15 percent of potential resources (though many regions are unlikely to be tapped, due to their natural beauty, ecological fragility, and historical significance).
Iceland is unique among modern nations in having an electricity system that is already 99.9 percent reliant on indigenous renewable energy-geothermal and hydroelectric. The overall energy system, including transportation, is roughly 68 percent dependent on renewable sources. This, some experts believe, prepares the country well to make the transition from internal combustion engines to fuel cells, and from hydrocarbon to hydrogen energy. With its extensive renewable energy grid, Iceland has a headstart on the rest of the world, and is positioned to blaze the path to an economy free of fossil fuels.
Peat and Petroleum
When Vikings first permanently settled Iceland in the 9th century a.d., they used bushy birchwood and peat reservoirs to make fires for cooking and heating, and to fuel iron forges to craft weapons. But deforestation soon led to the end of wood supplies, and the cold climate would freeze the peat bogs, limiting their use as fuel.
Beyond its peat supplies, Iceland has virtually no indigenous fossil fuel resources. As the Industrial Revolution gathered momentum, the nation began to import coal and coke for heating purposes; coal would remain the primary heating source until the development of geothermal energy. In the late 1800s, as petroleum emerged as a fuel, Iceland turned to importing oil. Today, imported oil-about 850,000 tons per year-accounts for 29 percent of national energy use, 57 percent of this used to run its motor vehicles and the boats of its relatively large fishing industry, the nation's leading source of exports (see figure, page 20). Dependence on oil imports costs the nation $150 million annually, and explains why transport and fishing each account for one-third of its carbon emissions.
The final third of Iceland's greenhouse emissions is found in other industries-primarily the production, or smelting, of metals like aluminum. The availability of low-cost electricity-at $.02 per kilowatt it is the world's cheapest-has made Iceland a welcome haven for these energy-intensive industries. Metals production, along with transport and fishing, makes the island one of the world's top per-capita emitters of carbon dioxide, and offsets much of the greenhouse gas savings Iceland has achieved in space heating and electricity.
These features of Iceland's energy economy-a carbon-free power sector, costly dependence on oil for fishing and transportation, rising emissions from the metals industry-have placed the nation in a difficult situation with regard to complying with international climate change commitments. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol's guidelines for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in industrial nations are based on emission levels from the year 1990, which prevents Iceland from taking credit for its previously completed transition to greenhouse gas-free space heating and electricity generation. Although the government, arguing its special situation, negotiated a 10 percent reprieve between 1990 and 2010 under the Protocol, officials estimate that plans to build new aluminum smelters will cause it to exceed this target. Because of this so-called "Kyoto dilemma," Iceland is among only a few remaining industrial nations that have not signed the agreement.
In 1997, as the Protocol talks gathered momentum and the nation's dilemma was becoming apparent, a recently elected Parliamentarian named Hjalmar Árnason submitted a resolution to the Parliament, or Althing, demanding that the government begin to explore its energy alternatives. Árnason, a former elementary-school teacher who says he was "raised by an environmental extremist" father (he is not related to the scientist Bragi Árnason), soon found himself chairing a government committee on alternative energy, which was commissioned to submit a report. One of the first people he tapped for the committee was Professor Hydrogen.
Science Meets Politics
Bragi Árnason began studying Iceland's geothermal resource "as a hobby," he tells me, while a graduate student pursuing doctoral research in the 1970s. His deep knowledge of the island's circulatory system of hot water flows enables him to explain, for example, why the water you shower with in Reykjavík probably last fell as rain back in 1000 a.d. As he came to grasp the size of the resource, he began to consider ways in which this untapped potential might be used. At the time, the climbing cost of oil imports was beginning to hit the fishing fleet, prompting discussion of alternative fuels-including hydrogen.
Iceland has been producing hydrogen since 1958, when it opened a state fertilizer plant on the outskirts of Reykjavík under the post-war Marshall Plan. The production process uses hydro-generated electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen molecules-a process called electrolysis (see diagram, page 18). The fertilizer plant uses about 13 megawatts of power annually to produce about 2,000 tons of liquid hydrogen, which is then used to make ammonia for the fertilizer industry. In 1980, Bragi Árnason and colleagues completed a lengthy study on the cost of electrolyzing much larger amounts of hydrogen, using not only hydroelectricity but geothermal steam as well-which can speed up what is a very high-temperature process. Their paper found that this approach would be cheaper than importing hydrogen or making it by conventional electrolysis, but it did not find a receptive audience as oil prices plummeted during the 1980s.
The early 1990s saw a reemergence of Icelandic interest in producing hydrogen, both for powering the fishing fleet and for export as a fuel to the European market. In a 1993 paper, Dr. Árnason argued that a transition in fuels from oil to hydrogen may be "a feasible future option for Iceland and a testing ground for changing fuel technology." He also contended that the country could benefit from using hydrogen sooner than other countries. Some of his reasons included Iceland's small population and high levels of technology; its abundance of hydropower and geothermal energy; and its absence of fossil fuel supplies. Another was the relatively simple infrastructural change involved in converting the fishing fleet from oil to hydrogen, by locating small production plants in major harbor areas and adapting the boats for liquid hydrogen.
Early on, the plan was to use liquid hydrogen to fuel the boats' existing internal combustion engines. But "then came the fuel cell revolution," as Dr. Árnason puts it. By the late 1990s, the fuel cell, an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and water, had achieved dramatic cost reductions over the previous two decades. The technology had become the focus of engineers aiming to make fuel cells a viable replacement not only for the internal combustion engine, but for batteries in portable electronics and for power plants as well. Demonstrations of fuel cell-powered buses in Vancouver and Chicago, and their growing use in hundreds of locations in the United States, Europe, and Japan, caught the attention of governments and major automobile manufacturers. The fuel cell was increasingly viewed as the "enabling technology" for a hydrogen economy.
One Icelander particularly taken with these _developments was a young man named Jón Björn Skúlason, who while attending the University of British Columbia in Vancouver became familiar with Ballard Power Systems, a leading fuel cell manufacturer headquartered just outside the city. Upon returning home, Skúlason encouraged the politician Hjalmar Árnason in his promotion of energy alternatives and hydrogen; his enthusiasm earned him a position on the expert committee. In 1998, the panel formally recommended that the nation consider converting fully to a hydrogen economy within 30 years.
By then, Hjalmar Árnason had already given the process a push. During a phone interview with a reporter from the Economist, he floated the year 2030 as a target date for the government's evolving hydrogen plans. The resulting article, published in August 1997, created a buzz abroad, and the parliamentarian received hundreds of phone calls from around the world. That fall, Iceland's prime minister released a statement announcing that the government was officially moving the country toward a hydrogen economy. The ministers of energy and industry, commerce, and environment signed on, as well as both sides of the two-party Althing. And Árnason obtained permission to start negotiating with interested members of industry.
A Piece of the Action
Iceland has a tradition of "stock companies," or business cooperatives that evolved in the eighteenth century to help domestic farmers and fishers compete with the formidable Danish trading companies that at the time controlled fishing and goods manufacturing. The first of these, granted royal support in 1752, brought in weavers from Germany, farmers from Norway, and other overseas experts to teach the Icelanders the best methods of agriculture, boat-building, and the manufacture of woolen goods. Over the years, these long-lasting business associations helped the nation's enterprises survive and sometimes thrive.
The formation of the Icelandic Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Company (now Icelandic New Energy) can be seen as the latest example of this stock company tradition-but with a contemporary twist: German carmakers instead of weavers, Norwegian power companies rather than farmers. The first to contact Hjalmar Árnason after publication of the Economist article was DaimlerChrysler. Its roots traceable back to Otto Benz, designer of the first internal-combustion engine car, DaimlerChrysler now aspires to be the first maker of fuel cell-powered cars. The firm has entered into a $800 million partnership with Ballard Power Systems and Ford to produce fuel-cell cars, and plans to have the first buses and cars on European roads in 2002 and 2004, respectively-making Iceland a potentially valuable training ground, especially for testing fuel cell vehicles in a cold climate.
The second company to touch base with the Iceland government was Royal Dutch Shell, the Netherlands-based energy company that, among those now in the oil business, has perhaps the most advanced post-petroleum plans. Birthplace of the "scenario planning" technique that prepared it for the oil shocks of the 1970s better than most businesses, Shell has posited an Iceland-like future for the rest of the world, with 50 percent of energy coming from renewable sources by 2050. The firm surprised its colleagues in mid-1998 by creating a formal Shell Hydrogen division, and then sending its representatives to the World Hydrogen Energy Conference in Buenos Aires.
The third group to establish communications with island officials was Norsk Hydro, a Norwegian energy and industry conglomerate. The company is involved in a trial run of a hydrogen fuel cell bus in Oslo, and has considerable experience in hydrogen production: it has its own fertilizer business, and Norsk Hydro electrolyzers run Iceland's hydrogen-producing fertilizer plant. Norsk Hydro is also involved in the politically sensitive issue of Iceland's planned aluminum smelters, having signed commitments with the national power company and the ministries of energy and industry and commerce to construct a new smelter on the island's east coast.
Negotiations among these companies and the Icelandic government culminated in February 1999 with the creation of the Icelandic Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Company.
Shell, DaimlerChrysler, and Norsk Hydro each hold shares of the company. The majority partner, Vistorka, (which means "eco-energy"), is a holding company owned by a diverse array of Icelandic institutions and enterprises: the New Business Venture Fund, the University of Iceland, the National Fertilizer Plant, the Reykjanes Geothermal Power Plant, the Icelandic Technological Institute, and the Reykjavík Municipal Power Company. Also indirectly involved with the holding company is the Reykjavík City-Bus Company.
The stated purpose of the new joint venture is to "investigate the potential for replacing the use of fossil fuels in Iceland with hydrogen and creating the world's first hydrogen economy." On the day of its announcement, Iceland's environment minister stated: "The Government of Iceland welcomes the establishment of this company by these parties and considers that the choice of location for this project is an acknowledgement of Iceland's distinctive status and long-term potential." Like the Economist article, the announcement attracted industry attention. But for some companies, it was too late to climb on the bandwagon. Toyota officials reportedly attempted, to no avail, to take over the project by offering to foot its entire bill and supply all the needed engineers.
Buses, Cars, and Boats
Bragi Árnason and a colleague, Thorsteinn Sigfússon, have outlined a gradual, five-phase scenario for the hydrogen transformation. (See timeline.) In phase one (an estimated $8 million project that has received $1 million from the government), hydrogen fuel cells are to be demonstrated in Reykjavík's 100 municipal public transit buses. The current plan is to have three buses on the streets by 2002. The fertilizer plant will serve as the filling station for the buses, its hydrogen pressurized as a gas and stored on the roofs of the vehicles. Because enough hydrogen can be stored onboard to run a bus for 250 kilometers, the average daily distance traveled by a Reykjavík bus, there is no need for a complicated infrastructure for distributing the fuel.
In phase two, the entire city bus fleet-and possibly those in other parts of the island-will be replaced by fuel cell buses. The Reykjavík bus fleet program has a price tag estimated at $50 million, and this spring received $3.5 million from the European Community. Phase three involves the introduction of private fuel cell passenger cars-which requires a more complicated infrastructure. At present, storing pressurized hydrogen gas onboard a large number of smaller vehicles, with more geographically dispersed refueling requirements, is too expensive to be considered a realistic option. The first fuel cell cars are therefore expected to run not on hydrogen directly, but rather on liquid methanol-which contains bound hydrogen but must be reformed, or heated, onboard the vehicle to produce the hydrogen to power the fuel cell.
Methanol is also, at the moment, the preferred fuel for the final two phases: the testing of a fuel cell-powered fishing vessel, followed by the replacement of the entire boating fleet. These trawlers use electric motors that are in the range of one to two megawatts-larger than those for cars and buses, but close to the size of the fuel cells that are now starting to be commercialized for stationary use in homes and buildings. Several European vessel manufacturers have already expressed their interest in becoming involved in this phase, and Dr. Árnason would like to see a fuel cell boat demonstrated no later than 2006.
But using methanol as an intermediate step to hydrogen is not without its problems. Skúlason, who is now president of Icelandic New Energy, notes that Shell is concerned about the use of methanol, particularly its toxicity. And since methanol reforming releases carbon dioxide, the environmental benefit is much less than if a way can be found to store the direct hydrogen onboard, which in Iceland's case would mean complete elimination of greenhouse gas emissions. It's a difficult decision, notes Skúlason: "We must deal with the technologies we are given by the global companies."
Iceland will have to choose between two options: producing and distributing pure hydrogen and storing it onboard vehicles (the "direct hydrogen" option); or producing hydrogen onboard vehicles from other fuels-natural gas, methanol, ethanol, or gasoline-using a reformer (the "onboard reformer" option). In general, the automobile industry strongly favors the onboard option, using methanol and gasoline, because most existing service stations already handle these fuels. A third path, reforming natural gas at hydrogen refueling stations, is under consideration in countries like the United States, that already have an extensive natural gas network, but is not practical in Iceland.
The up-front costs of direct hydrogen will be high because such a change requires a new infrastructure for transporting hydrogen, handling it at fueling stations, and storing the fuel onboard as a compressed gas or liquid. According to DaimlerChrysler's Ferdinand Panik, retrofitting 30 percent of service stations in the U.S. states of New York, Massachusetts, and California for methanol distribution would cost about $400 million. Supplying hydrogen to these stations would cost about $1.4 billion.
But in terms of long-term societal benefits, direct hydrogen is the clear winner. Using hydrogen directly is more efficient, because of the extra weight of the processor and lower hydrogen content of the methanol or gasoline. It is also less complex than having a reformer onboard each vehicle-which adds $1,500 to the cost of a new car, takes time to warm up, and creates maintenance problems. As the vehicle population grows large enough to cover the capital costs of providing refueling facilities, the costs of direct hydrogen will become comparable to the onboard option. Once the infrastructure and vehicles are put in place, using hydrogen fuel will be more cost-effective than having cars with reformers-even excluding the environmental gains.
If Iceland, with its heavy renewable energy reliance, were to switch directly to hydrogen, the country would have no greenhouse emissions. And in fact, it is much easier to produce hydrogen than methanol from renewable energy through electrolysis. Thus, as renewables become more prominent around the world, a hydrogen infrastructure will emerge as the most practical option. In Iceland, rather than require that hydrogen first be used to _create, and then be reformed from, methanol, the simplest approach would be to use geothermal power and hydropower, augmented by geothermal steam, to electrolyze water, creating pure hydrogen to _drive cars and boats. But behind the seeming solidarity of the public/private venture, a fateful struggle may be emerging.
A Fork in the Road
In spite of the long-term economic and environmental advantages of the direct hydrogen approach, industry and government-both in Iceland and worldwide-have devoted substantially greater attention and financial support to the intermediate approach of using methanol and onboard reformers. Car companies are hesitant to mass-produce a car that cannot be easily refueled at many locations. Energy com-panies, similarly, are loathe to invest in pipelines and fuel stations for vehicles that have yet to hit the market. This is a classic case of what some engineers call the chicken-and-egg dilemma of creating a fueling infrastructure. But the potential public benefits-especially for addressing climate change-give governments around the world incentive to steer the private sector toward the optimal long-term solution of a hydrogen infrastructure, by supporting additional research into hydrogen storage and by collaborating with industry.
In Iceland's case, producing pure hydrogen through electrolysis by hydropower is at the moment three times as expensive as importing gasoline. But the fuel cells now being readied for the transportation market are three times as efficient as an internal combustion engine. In other words, running the island's transport and fishing sectors off pure hydrogen from hydropower is becoming economically competitive with operating conventional gasoline-run cars and diesel-run boats.
Since the methanol reformers these fuel cells _will presumable use are still several years away from mass production, some scientists see the next few years as an important window of opportunity to prove the viability of direct hydrogen technology. But the history of technology is littered with examples of _inferior technologies "locking out" rivals: witness VHS versus Beta in the videocassette recorder market. If methanol does gain market dominance, and locks out the direct hydrogen approach, it may be decades before real hydrogen cars become widespread-a wrong turn that could take the Icelandic venture kilometers from its destination. By the time a full-blown methanol infrastructure were put in place, it would probably no longer be the preferred fuel-committing the country to a fleet of obsolete cars and causing the consortium to strand millions of kroner in financial assets.
Yet some outside developments are pointing in the direction of direct hydrogen. In California, where legislation requires that 10 percent of new cars sold in 2003 must produce "zero-emissions," a consortium called the California Fuel Cell Partnership is planning to test out 50 fuel cell vehicles and build two hydrogen fueling stations that will pump hydrogen gas »into onboard fuel tanks. Hydrogen fueling stations have already been built in Sacramento (California's capital), Dearborn, Michigan (home to Ford headquarters), and the airport at Frankfurt, Germany-the last of which expects to eventually import hydrogen from Iceland. The prospect of Iceland becoming a major hydrogen exporter, perhaps the new energy era's "Kuwait of the North," surfaces several times during my interviews-and is no doubt a good selling point for the strategy to officials inclined to think more in narrow economic terms.
Skúlason assures me that there is a "very open discussion" underway within the consortium, and says "we have to take steps slowly because there might be a shift." He admits that he would prefer to see compressed hydrogen gas used, noting the advantages of having direct hydrogen fuel infrastructure and vehicles. Shell and DaimlerChrysler themselves seem to recognize the potential competitive advantage of putting up hydrogen filling stations and reformer-free cars right from the beginning, giving them a headstart in preparing for a world fueled by hydrogen. At a June 2000 conference in Washington, DC, Shell Hydrogen CEO Don Huberts asserted that direct hydrogen was the best fuel for fuel cells, and suggested that geothermal energy converted to hydrogen would be the main means for converting the Icelandic economy. DaimlerChrysler representatives have admitted that their methanol reformers are relatively expensive and large-they take up the entire back seat-and the company has recently rolled out "next generation" prototype cars that run on liquid and compressed hydrogen-prime candidates for the Iceland strategy.
"The transition is messy," the politician Hjalmar Árnason tells me. "We have one leg in the old world, and one in the new." It's an apt metaphor, given Iceland's geography. But the question is whether the Icelandic venture will, in rather un-Viking fashion, cautiously creep ahead-sticking to the onboard methanol approach-or, brashly set both feet in the new world, voyaging straight to direct hydrogen. As a world leader in utilizing renewable energy sources, if Iceland does not take the "newest" path, governments and businesses elsewhere may extract the wrong conclusion from its experiment and give short shrift to the direct hydrogen option. Skúlason nails the conundrum: "How many times will we shift? Will it be cheaper for society to pay a little more now and not have to rebuild? This argument doesn't always work with government or the consumer."
Professor Árnason is quick to note that, whichever short-term infrastructural path the country takes, "the final destination is the same:" pure hydrogen, derived from renewable energy and used directly in fuel cells. But he acknowledges that there may be significant costs in taking the gradual approach. And he agrees that the assumption on which his scenario is based-that methanol is the most economical option-is "subject to revision." The cost and efficiency of fuel cells will continue to improve, and advances in carbon nanotubes, metal hydrides, and other storage technologies are making it more feasible to store hydrogen onboard. The high cost of electrolysis is likely to decline sharply with technical improvements, while other sources of hydrogen-tapping solar, wind, and tidal power, splitting water with direct sunlight, playing with the metabolism of photosynthetic algae-are on the horizon. And new climate policies or fluctuating fuel prices from volatile oil markets "would change the whole picture."
Why Iceland?
When he first met with his prospective joint venture partners, Bragi Árnason posed this query: "Why are you interested in coming to Iceland?" He asked the question because "we were quite surprised to learn about the strong interest of these companies in participating in a joint venture with little Iceland." Their answers shed light on some of the elements that may be useful for developing a hydrogen economy elsewhere in the world.
Without a doubt, the most critical element of getting the Iceland experiment underway has been the government's clearly stated commitment to transforming itself into a hydrogen economy within a set timeframe. A similar dynamic is at work in California, where the zero-emission mandate has forced energy and transport companies to join forces with the public sector to seriously explore hydrogen. For Dr. Árnason, the lesson is clear: a strong public commitment can attract and encourage the participation of private sector leaders, resulting in partnerships that provide the financial and technical support needed to move toward environmental solutions. "You must have the politicians," he says.
In addition, companies have shown interest in the Iceland experiment because the results will be applicable around the world. While the country's hydrogen can be produced completely by renewable energy, its car and bus system and heavy reliance on petroleum-amplified by its island setting-are common characteristics of industrial nations, making the result somewhat adaptable. The island's head start in transitioning to renewable energy also makes it a good place to test out this larger shift.
Iceland may also have something more to tell us about the more general cultural building blocks that can enable the evolution of a hydrogen society. Icelanders treasure their hard-won independence, and the prospect of energy self-reliance is attractive. Hjalmar Árnason likes to emphasize his homeland's "free, open society," which he believes has maintained a political process more conducive to bold proposals and less subject to special-interest influence and partisan gridlock. He points, too, to the country's openness to new technology-to its willingness to take part in international scientific endeavors such as global research in human genetics. He hopes Iceland will become a training ground for hydrogen scientists from around the world, cooperating internationally to convert its NATO base to hydrogen. Skúlason cites a poll of Reykjavík citizens indicating that 60 percent of the citizens were familiar with and supportive of the hydrogen strategy-though some ask about the safety of the fuel (it is as safe as gasoline), pointing to the need for public education campaigns before people will be persuaded to buy fuel cell cars.
Another important cultural factor has been what Arni Finnsson, of the Icelandic Nature Conservation, describes as his nation's relatively recent but increasing "encounter with the globalization of environmental issues." This encounter originated with the emotional whaling disputes of the 1970s and 80s, and today includes debates about persistent organic pollutants and climate change. As Icelanders seek to become more a part of global society, so too do they seek legitimacy on global issues, forcing their government to sensitize itself to emerging cross-border debates-a process that has sometimes created Iceland's political equivalent of volcanic eruptions.
Finnsson points out that, thanks to the "Kyoto dilemma," Icelandic climate policy is not terribly progressive, consisting mainly of efforts to create loopholes that would allow additional greenhouse gas emissions from its new aluminum smelters. But there is little doubt that this dilemma has also unwittingly helped encourage the hydrogen strategy, by forcing the nation to explore deep changes in its energy system. In a land that, even as it becomes wired to the information age, routinely blocks new road projects due to age-old superstitions of upsetting elves and other "hidden people," it's a contradiction that somehow seems appropriate. A country that has stubbornly refused to sign the Kyoto Protocol provides the most compelling evidence to date that climate change concerns-and commitments-will increasingly drive the great hydrogen transformation.
But my favorite, if least provable, theory for "Why Iceland?" comes from the heroic ideals of its sagas. One of the recurring themes of these remarkable literary works is that a person's true value lies in renown after death, in becoming a force in the lives of later generations through one's deeds. Listening to Bragi Árnason, who is now 65, one cannot help but wonder whether this cultural concern for renown is playing a part in the saga now unfolding: how Iceland became the world's first hydrogen society, inspiring the rest of the globe to follow its lead. "Many people ask me how soon this will happen. I tell them, 'We are living at the beginning of the transition. You will see the end of it. And your children, they will live in this world.'"
Seth Dunn is a research associate at the Worldwatch Institute. He is the author of Worldwatch Paper 151, Micropower: The Next Electrical Era.


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SJ9593 : Booths Well 2019
taken 2 months ago, near to Gee Cross, Tameside, Great Britain
Gee Cross Well Dressing
Although well-dressing is a custom mostly confined to Derbyshire, it can be seen in adjacent counties too. Well dressing celebrations were held regularly in Gee Cross from the 1820s until 1878. The custom was revived by the local Women's Institute in 2000.
Tameside Local History Forum: Link
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- Gerald England (find more nearby)
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- Sunday, 14 July, 2019 (more nearby)
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- Thursday, 18 July, 2019
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OSGB36: SJ 9535 9330 [10m precision]
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NEW LONDON, Conn.-Junior Ambika Krishnamachar (Darien, Conn.) had a hand in all five of MIT's goals, scoring two and assisting on three, as the women's soccer team defeated Coast Guard by a score of 5-1 on a warm November Saturday. Tech improved to 13-2-3 on the season and 8-1-1 in New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC) play. With its win, MIT earned a share of the NEWMAC regular season title with Wheaton College and is the top seed and host heading into the Tournament. Coast Guard wrapped up the regular season at 6-10-2 and 3-5-2 in league action, gaining a bid for the upcoming NEWMAC Tournament for the first time in a decade.
MIT got on the board first when junior Ashley Peter (Manhasset, N.Y.) found herself wide open after taking a pass from Krishnamachar at the top of the 18-yard box and beat Coast Guard goalkeeper Holly Moore to the far side for an early 1-0 advantage for the Engineers. Tech was able to double its lead when Krishnamachar delivered the goal of the year in the 29th minute, getting around a defender and letting fly a high-arcing shot over the head and outstretched body of Moore.
The Engineers did not waste much time before scoring another. Just 14 seconds after the previous goal, Krishnamachar sent the ball to sophomore Morgan Moroi (Austin, Texas), who found the back of the net to give MIT a 3-0 lead. The Bears' Terry Netusil got Coast Guard on the board 11 minutes later when she was able to get the ball away from freshman keeper Lauren Ullmann (Princeton, N.J.) and shoot into an open net, sending the game into the second half with a score of 3-1.
Just over three minutes after returning to the field, the Engineers increased their lead, once again, when Krishnamachar scored her second of the game following a cross from Moroi, getting the ball past Moore, who slipped on the play, and buried her shot into the back of an empty net to give MIT a 4-1 lead. At the 68 minute mark, Tech scored yet another goal when sophomore Zara Perumal (Poway, Calif.) notched her first of the season when she headed the ball past Moore. Freshman goalie Tamar Weseley (Weston, Conn.) had to make two saves in the final few minutes before time elapsed before long.
The Engineers finished the match with a 17-6 advantage in shots. Moore wrapped things up with four saves, while Ullmann, who improved to 11-2-3 with the win, did not have to make a single save. Weseley recorded four saves throughout her time in net.
MIT, who will receive a bye into the semifinals of the NEWMAC Tournament, will play its first game on Saturday, Nov. 9. It will play the winner of the Wellesley/Babson matchup.


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Whitney Oaks Real Estate
Whitney Oaks is a larger community located within the city of Rocklin. The nearly 2,000 homes vary in style and size while a handful of gated villages can also be found nestled within the sprawling, rolling hills of the master-planned neighborhood. The area also encompasses Springfield at Whitney Oaks, a popular retirement community.
The Whitney Oaks Golf Club is the centerpiece of the community. The 6,800-acre course was designed by Johnny Miller and was recognized as the number one golf course in the area by Sacramento's KCRA's A-List voters. It offers an array of membership programs, as well as weekly specials (Tortilla Tuesdays in the grill and Family Golf on Sundays), and events (junior golf camp).
In addition to the Whitney Oaks Golf Club, residents have access to two community pools, numerous parks, and a community gym. The neighborhood is bike-friendly with wide streets and bike lanes. Large swathes of open area offer miles of hiking and biking trails. Though in a largely residential area, residents are always reminded of their native surroundings with large pockets of undeveloped land showcasing the region's natural topography and accommodating wild turkeys, foxes, pheasants, geese, and deer.
As with many neighborhoods in the foothills, Whitney Oaks benefits from its close proximity to both the upscale and everyday shopping opportunities found in Roseville. There is also an endless array of man-made and natural playgrounds. Nearby activities range from hiking, biking and horseback riding to golfing, indoor go-karts, laser tag, and ice skating. The Yuba and American Rivers are also not far, as is the wintery snow-filled fun of Truckee and Lake Tahoe.
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Baby Dedication FAQ's
What is the Freedom Church's position concerning the baptism of children, their security in the Kingdom, and the practice of dedicating them to the Lord?
According to the Bible, everyone (adult or child) who recognizes his or her need of a Savior and then repents and believes in Christ should be baptized (Acts 2:38,41; 8:36-38). But in the Scripture there is no record of infants or very young children being baptized. This is because they are not yet able to understand the need of a Savior.
Yet God places a high priority on children. When asked who is the greatest in the kingdom of God, Jesus responded, "Unless you change and become like children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven" (Matthew 18:3). God's love for children is also shown in the Old Testament. In Leviticus the Lord specifically prohibited the people of Israel from offering their children as a sacrifice to the pagan god, Molech (Leviticus 20:1-5). It seems fair to conclude that if God forbade children from being sacrificed, He would not order those same children to be placed in the eternal fire of hell. From these Scriptures the Freedom Church & the Assemblies of God believes that children are loved by God, and until they come to an age of understanding (some call it "the age of accountability"), they have a place in the kingdom of God. This means that should a child die before developing to a point where the knowledge of Christ can be understood and applied through forgiveness, the child would inherit eternal life in heaven as an heir of God's kingdom.
In Luke 2 we see the parents of the baby Jesus taking Him to the temple "to present Him to the Lord" (Luke 2:22). Later the Gospels tell us that little children and infants were brought to Jesus for Him to touch them and bless them (Matthew 19:13-15; Mark 10:13-16; Luke 18:15-17). In following this practice, Assemblies of God churches encourage parents to publicly dedicate their children to the Lord. This is usually done in a church service. In dedicating their child the parents acknowledge the child as a gift from God and vow before Him and the congregation to set a godly example for the child and a commitment to lead the child to Christ at an early age.
Some who have accepted Christ as adults wonder if the baptism they received as infants fulfills the New Testament mandate of water baptism (1 Peter 3:21). In the Assemblies of God we believe baptism in water is to follow salvation (acceptance of Christ and His forgiveness of our sins) as demonstrated in the New Testament. For this reason we urge all new converts to follow the biblical pattern of water baptism in obedience to Christ.
The above statement is based upon our common understanding of scriptural teaching.
All Scripture quotations are from the New International Version (NIV) unless otherwise specified.


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I have heard before that the 4th dimension is time, however, another theory makes a lot more sense to me. This is that the 4th dimension is the third dimension stacked on top of each other in a similar in which 3d objects are just many 2d planes.
I have seen many articles related to the 4thdimension being time, but how do we know this?


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Less than 1 percent of the Texas prison population needs dialysis, a treatment that removes waste and water from the bloodstream.
But they are an expensive group — and their ranks are growing. Today, 228 inmates need dialysis three times a week. Their drug treatments cost taxpayers $1.25 million a year, accounting for about 3 percent of the prison system's pharmaceutical budget.
By comparison, the pharmaceutical bill for the 1,800 inmates treated for H.I.V. is about $17.8 million a year. But with an additional 99 inmates expected to be placed on dialysis within the next year, the trend shows no signs of slowing, particularly among young and middle-age African-American men. And because inmates with liver failure are also being treated for other health problems — hypertension, diabetes, hepatitis C, for example — it is difficult for prison officials to calculate their total costs.
"They've got elevated blood pressure and have gone so long without treatment, they've made their kidneys work harder, to the point of needing dialysis," said Dr. Owen Murray, the chief physician for the University of Texas Medical Branch's correctional managed care program, the primary health care provider for inmates at 109 state prisons. Nearly one in three kidney failure patients in the United States is African-American. (The University of Texas Medical Branch has been a corporate sponsor of The Texas Tribune.)
Several factors contribute to the high concentration of kidney disease in African-Americans, medical researchers say, including a higher rate of high blood pressure and hypertension, which tax the kidneys. About 35 percent of the 150,340 inmates in Texas are African-American.
"They're more complicated to care for," said Dr. Murray of prisoners with kidney disease. This week, he told lawmakers about the increasing costs of chronic kidney disease in prison.
State Representative Sylvester Turner, Democrat of Houston, said dialysis, along with expensive treatment for hepatitis C and H.I.V., are reasons to look to federal programs to help with the cost.
"We cannot ignore these cost drivers, and we also cannot ignore opportunities, like expanding Medicaid, which may offset these costs," Mr. Turner said.
In 2013, there were 624 more inmates diagnosed with chronic kidney disease than there were in 2011. A total of 1,800 have the disease and, if treatment is not managed aggressively, could be on dialysis at some point. Dr. Murray's office on Texas' Gulf Coast directs the management of dialysis machines at two prisons: the Carole Young Unit in Galveston County and the Estelle Unit in Huntsville, 120 miles away.
"We have three shifts a day to get everybody through," Dr. Murray said.
State Representative Tan Parker, the chairman of the Texas House Committee on Corrections, said more emphasis on preventive measures was needed.
Mr. Parker, Republican of Flower Mound, complained that inmates, who are locked in cells, are not much better than people outside of prison at taking their medication and that the lack of compliance is costing Texas taxpayers.
Dr. Murray and other state prison officials told Mr. Parker's committee on Thursday that about 50 percent of people outside of prison take their medication as prescribed. In Texas prisons, that compliance is 55 percent.
"That's very frustrating," Mr. Parker said. "There's a lot of money being left on the table."


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The L.L.Bean board of directors approved the 2012 Charitable Giving Program of $1.5 Million in Community Grants. The gifts ranging from $500 to $25,000 will be dispersed to over 200 non-profit organizations before the end of L.L.Bean's fiscal year in February.
The majority of the giving is to national, regional and local conservation organizations with a focus on environmental stewardship and outdoor recreation with a particular interest in engaging young people in the outdoors. Additional areas of giving in Maine include donations to health and human services, education, and arts organizations, including such groups as United Way, Jobs for Maine's Graduates, Portland Stage and L/A Arts.
"We are pleased to provide funding to so many worthy organizations," said Leon Gorman, L.L.Bean's chairman of the board. "These groups share the values and traditions of L.L.Bean including healthy outdoor living, a respect for our natural environment and a focus on getting youth actively engaged in the outdoors."
Over the last 10 years L.L.Bean has donated close to $30 million to nonprofit organizations. Groups receiving Community Grants this year include the Appalachian Mountain Club, American Canoe Association, Nature Conservancy, Maine Audubon, Maine Island Trails Association, and sporting groups such as Trout Unlimited, Ducks Unlimited, Ruffed Grouse Society and Sportsman's Alliance of Maine. The company is also continuing its support of the Island Explorer propane bus system in Acadia National Park providing eco-friendly, free transportation for visitors.
Additionally, in honor of L.L.Bean's 100th Anniversary this year, the company committed $2.5 Million focused specifically on increasing the participation of young people in outdoor pursuits. The National Park Foundation received $1 Million and has already helped kids and teens across the country get outdoors and work with mentors. Theyve hiked in national parks, kayaked along national seashores, and worked an archaeological dig.
In its home state of Maine, L.L.Bean donated $1 million to expand the Maine Winter Sports Center's Healthy Hometowns program into a year-round, statewide recreation effort. This program offers Maine kids more opportunities to get outdoors and participate in activities like paddling, hiking, cycling and cross-country skiing. Locally, the company invested $500,000 in the Freeport Fields and Trails project to provide access to recreation for local residents and visitors to the community.
"We share our customers passion for the outdoors and we wanted to create a way to pass on this enthusiasm to future generations," said Chris McCormick, CEO of L.L.Bean. "L.L.Bean's anniversary efforts have inspired more than one million people to share their outdoor experiences through our Million Moment Mission initiative. And in the years ahead, we are certain this momentum will encourage more and more people to participate and share their outdoor discoveries with others."


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My name is Karla and this is my one and only official site. I'm so excited to share with you all my HOT photos and videos. I love showing off my sexy and passionate side just for you. Now my site features me TOTALLY TOPLESS!
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"I have been successfully selling and shipping aquariums to on-line customers since July 2002".
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AquaClear 110 Power Filter - for 70 to 110 gallons
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The Aqua Clear 500 provides biological, chemical and mechanical filtration and was designed for easy and convenient maintenance. Filter media which comes with the filter for your first time use, replaces easily in a convenient filter basket, that holds your media in place. The included foam filter insert is effective for mechanical and biological filtration and has large surface area for debris and waste retention. The insert may be rinsed and reused, or replaced when needed. Pre-measured Activated Carbon Inserts elimate hassle, just rinse and drop in. The premium research quality of the carbon removes organic compounds, chlorine, odors and much more.
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Telstra opts for soft 3G mobile start
TELSTRA will today become only the second telco in Australia to offer third generation (3G) mobile services, but the low-key launch reflects the changed expectations since Hutchison Telecom made a glitzy 3G debut in 2003.
The softly, softly approach is well illustrated by the fact that consumers will be hard pressed to find mention of the technology in Telstra's ads that were scheduled to debut last night.
"It will be largely about services, so we will not be blasting the technology at people, and in fact it will be difficult for people to distinguish 2G and 3G - it will be about what you experience as a customer," said Mike Robey, who heads Telstra's 3G marketing.
And the key customer experience that Telstra is banking on to entice new users to its high-speed network is content.
"The main difference between what we're going to offer and what the other guys have got is content," Mr Robey said.
Telstra is hoping that its competitive edge with content will make up for the fact that its new mobile cap plans - which are only available on the more efficient 3G network - barely compete with the aggressive cap plans on offer from its rivals.
Mr Robey said that the plans, which are the most aggressive ever offered by Telstra, are designed to take cheap voice calls "off the table" as an issue for potential customers, and put the focus on content.
Mr Robey said that even the reduced content options available on Telstra Active, with around 40 sites, "is still way better than what the other guys have got".
Telstra's i-mode service - which has been available for six months on the GSM network - is already offering 211 sites, although not all of them will be available on the 3G service straight away.
"The sheer variety and depth of services available gives Telstra a big head start from other operators that have a more limited scope of services," said tech research firm Ovum.
The firm did have reservations about what it described as i-mode's complicated billing and pricey content, but others saw that latter as a necessary compromise.
"Telstra is hopeful that the weaker voice (revenue) from 3G capped plans would be offset by adding more content-related services for subscribers," said Macquarie Equities.
Mr Robey said Telstra had learnt a lot from mobile operators overseas and their experiences with mobile content.
"The key lesson is not to try and gouge people too much," he said. "You've got to give people access to quite a lot of content and let them choose, because if you do the choosing for them you are playing god. And that's just not going to fly."
Telstra's offerings will include a range of exclusive content from the NRL, AFL and Australian Idol. Ovum was predicting that Telstra, and rivals such as Optus, will still have a tough time building up content revenue.
"Ultimately, while the i-mode offering is a positive step for Telstra, it is to be expected that the consumer reaction has been muted. In large part this is a function of the Australian market, which currently records very low packet data usage."


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Drought parches West; 11 states declared disaster areas
More than 62% of the state of California is now in "extreme" drought, the state's highest percentage since at least 2000.
LAS VEGAS (AP) — Federal officials have designated portions of 11 western and central states as primary natural disaster areas because of a drought.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture's announcement Wednesday includes counties in Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Kansas, Texas, Utah, Arkansas, Hawaii, Idaho, Oklahoma and California.
Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said in a statement that he sympathizes with farmers and ranchers who are dealing with the lack of rain and snow, and assured them that the USDA will stand by them.
FIRES RAGE: Wildfire destroys 2 homes near L.A.; 3 arrested
The designation means eligible farmers can qualify for low-interest emergency loans from the Agriculture Department.
Counties adjacent to those that are affected also are eligible for assistance.
The U.S. Drought Monitor, a federal website that tracks drought, reports that while storms have dumped rain and snow in the East, droughts are persisting or intensifying in the West.
The worst states for drought are California, Oregon and Nevada, the monitor reported. More than 62% of the state of California is now in "extreme" drought, the state's highest percentage since the Drought Monitor began in Jan. 2000.
Extreme drought is the second-worst category of drought.
The entire state of Oregon is now completely in a drought, while the state of Nevada is just under 97%.
The monitor added that mountain snowpacks in the Sierra Nevada range continued to dwindle, with snow water equivalent averaging between 10% and 30% of normal.
Contributing; Doyle Rice, USA TODAY
Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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 Life at Google - Google Careers
 archived 9 Aug 2014 21:31:16 UTC
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{{cite web | title = Life at Google - Google Careers | url = http://www.google.com/about/careers/lifeatgoogle/ | date = 2014-08-09 | archiveurl = http://archive.today/0U1T0 | archivedate = 2014-08-09 }}
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About Google
Life at Google
Life at Google
Life at Google
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Get to know who we are - from the inside out. From our history and culture, to the people behind our products, get the inside scoop on all things Googley.
1 / 5
Fortune Names Google the 2014 "Best Company to Work For"
Fortune Magazine and the Great Place to Work Institute named Google the 2014 "Best Company Work For." This marks our fifth time at the top of the list. While we're honored to be included, what makes us proud is the recognition of the great contributions Googlers make to the communities in which we live and work.
See more
2 / 5
Do Cool Things That Matter
Googlers solve complex problems everyday in the name of our core mission to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible to our users. But what makes working at Google truly unique is the workplace culture that encourages innovation and a healthy disregard for the impossible. Watch Alan Eustace, SVP of knowledge, explain the secret ingredient that makes Google a great place to work: our people.
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3 / 5
Thinking big: Larry Page talks moon shots
Whether it's creating self-driving cars or translating the web into 64 languages, we love big bets. Our company culture encourages experimentation and the free flow of ideas. This perspective is not limited to our engineering teams and technical roles, but extends to all Googlers who share a desire to challenge what's possible.
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4 / 5
Google by design
Since Larry Page took over as CEO in 2011, we've been more focused than ever on improving the user experience across all of our products. Learn how our design teams worked together to engineer a creative revolution in this story from The Verge.
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5 / 5
Creating an office for work and play
When you want people to think creatively and push the boundaries of what's possible, their workspace shouldn't be a drab maze of beige cubicles. Our offices have become well known for their innovative, fun and—some might say wacky—design. Like most of our decisions, data shows that these spaces have a positive impact on productivity, collaboration and inspiration. Simply put, we aim to make our offices a place that Googlers want to be. A reporter from The New York Times stopped by our Manhattan offices and was surprised by what he found.
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Culture and Diversity
We've always wanted Google to be a place that brought together smart, talented people from a diversity of backgrounds, and where you could bring your whole self to work. Lots has been written about our great perks, but read on to find out what our culture is really all about.
Google: A great workplace for women
At Google, our mission is to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible. ...
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Saying "I do" at Google London
San Francisco-based Googler Shaun Aukland gained unexpected, international attention when he asked his boyfriend Michael ...
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Employee networks at Google
Diversity is a core part of our business and who we are. Watch this clip ...
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Missions that matter
What happens when you mix together entrepreneurial drive, resources, freedom and the urge to do ...
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Global Impact Awards: Giving back at Google scale
At Google, we believe in making the world a better place through technology. You could ...
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Mind meld: Googlers teaching Googlers
Collaboration isn't just about working together to solve problems or overcome challenges. At Google, it's ...
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Innovation at Google
Our engineers use technology to solve some of the world's biggest challenges. But you don't have to code to innovate at Google. Learn how Googlers across all our teams think big and find creative ways to work better and smarter in all that we do.
The road to Omega: John Wilkes discusses computer science research and the future of Google infrastructure
Operating at a global scale presents some amazing challenges. To find solutions, Google recruits computer ...
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A rare inside look at Google's top-secret data centers
With all the talk about cloud computing, it's easy to forget that the 20 billion ...
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Going green for good
We want people to feel good about using Google products. One way we try to ...
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A network's first lesson in machine learning
Google researchers teamed up with Stanford University computer scientists to build a "deep learning" neural ...
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Speed of dreams
Astro Teller (yes, that is his real name) shares how Google bets big on the ...
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Exploring the world's art museums from home
Googler Amit Sood chats with CBS This Morning about his work on Google Art Project, ...
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Googler's Voice
People are at the core of who we are, and Googlers have taken all kinds of paths in their careers to get here. Learn more about what we do and some of the choices we've made along the way.
S.O.S.: When disaster strikes, Raquel and Crisis Response answer the call
When disaster strikes, Software Engineer Raquel Romano and the Google Crisis Response team spring into ...
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Designing for simplicity: How Noah improved Google Search for iOS
After just three months at Google, Interaction Designer Noah Levin took the lead in changing ...
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Google Instant goes global: Laura delivers our fastest search to the world
Creating and launching a new product can be daunting. Laura Holmes earned her stripes in ...
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The front lines: Yvette and Sean on fighting the war on bugs
People depend on Google Maps every day to get them where they need to go. ...
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Measure by measure: Analytics Advocate Adam Singer talks Google Analytics
Adam Singer is passionate about the power of data. As an Analytics Advocate for Google ...
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Need for speed: How Matt helped Google Fiber upgrade internet service
At Google, speed is key. Business analysts and engineers alike create solutions at an incredible ...
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When it comes to our benefits and perks, we have everything you'd expect from a large company, like health insurance, retirement benefits and so on. But we also offer way more than the basics. Our benefits are part of who we are, and they're designed to take care of the whole you and keep you healthy, whether physically, emotionally, financially or socially.
Learn more about our benefits
How we hire
Our process is pretty basic; the path to getting hired usually involves a first conversation with a recruiter, a phone interview and an onsite interview at one of our offices. But there are a few things we've baked in along the way that make getting hired at Google a little different.
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Enabling Joomla! Search Engine Friendly URLs
Joomla! lets you use Search Engine Friendly (SEF) URLs for your website, which can help improve your search engine ranking.
Because of our hosting accounts' configurations, though, there are a few more steps required to enable the option successfully. You must enable
RewriteBase in your hosting account's
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To Enable Joomla! SEF URLs
- Log in to your Joomla! control panel (http://coolexample.com/administrator, where coolexample.com is the domain name and directory where you installed Joomla!).
- From the Site menu, select Global Configuration.
- In the SEO Settings section, from the Search Engine Friendly URLs field, select Yes, and then click Save.
- Using your hosting account's editor, edit your account's
- Locate the line of text
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New Orleans Comedian Goes In On 50 Cent & G-unit Live On Stage With The Game! "F*ck 50 Cent. That Nicca's A Snitch. F*ck G-Unit. Banks Is P*ssy. Make Sure Ross Calls You. Hes Getting Killed" [Taydoe TV Exclusive]
*WSHH & Taydoe TV Exclusive*
Taydoe reports "The Game get's love in the Dirty South. New Orleans comedian clowns 50 Cent, G-Unit and Rick Ross. Funny shit. Female in Dallas tries to sing like Keisha Cole in Game's Pain."
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From The Mirror UK:
MORE than 1,300 libraries face closure in the next few weeks as the ConDem cuts bite, a Sunday Mirror investigation can reveal.
It is feared that about a third of Britain's 4,517 libraries are under threat, along with 6,000 jobs, as councils prepare to set their budgets next month. Local authorities are struggling to balance their books as the Tory-led Coalition slashes funding – but campaigners warn that library closures will "rip the heart out of communities".
Oh, wait! It gets better!
Culture Minister Ed Vaizey has refused pleas to fight for libraries to remain open – instead suggesting they could be run by volunteers.
Mr. Vaizey is certainly putting the 'community' back into 'community resource'. I trust this is based on his previous experiences at the volunteer run libraries in his neighborhood, his early education at St Paul's school, then later at Oxford. Those volunteer run libraries that were part of his formative education must have been so grand and impressive that it would be an excellent idea for all British libraries to be run by volunteers. I would presume the people within the 8% unemployment rate would be the ones taking on such duties along with retirees and students. Sounds like a formula for success to me.
I really feel for my English peers in this one. It's one thing to have different parts of the country closing libraries here in the US, but to have it countrywide all at once? Damn. I certainly hope he is taken to task for his words and that people are pushing back. (Much as they have in checking out all of the books from one of the libraries as a means of protest.)
Good luck!
(h/t: @Geoshore)


text:
- About us
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- Security Workshops
The Honeynet Project will offer 4 world-class training courses for the 2014 workshop. The topics are as follows:
1. Understanding and Mitigating Botnets by Tillmann Werner: Tillmann is a specialist in botnet takeover. His talk will take the form of a comprehensive class beginning with botnet architecture introduction, ranging from old-school centralized IRC botnets to advanced P2P botnets. Learn, using hands-on exercises, the techniques used in modern botnets to improve resilience and discussed strategies to take them down.
Read more »
Mon 5 May 2014 : :
We are very proud to announce that ticket sales are beyond our expectations ! So hurry up if you are planning to attend and http://warsaw2014.honeynet.org/register.html for registration !
Wed 9 April 2014 : : FIRST.org joins the 2014 workshop Sponsorship team
The honeynet project is proud to announce that the annual workshop in Warsaw will be sponsored by FIRST.org! The Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST www.first.org ) is the premier organization and recognized global leader in incident response. Membership in FIRST enables incident response teams to more effectively respond to security incidents reactive as well as proactive. FIRST brings together a variety of computer security incident response teams from government, commercial, and educational organizations. FIRST aims to foster cooperation and coordination in incident prevention, to stimulate rapid reaction to incidents, and to promote information sharing among members and the community at large.
Read more »
The Honeynet Project would like to cordially invite you to attend the 2014 Honeynet Project Security Workshop , held in Adgar Plaza Conference Center in Warsaw, Poland from 12-14 May 2014. The workshop is organized by The Honeynet Project and coordinating with CERT Polska under NASK. Interested in sponsoring the workshop, download the workshop brochure now ! Read more »
As you may know, the annual workshop is a key event to bring together top information security experts from around the globe to present their research efforts as well as discuss insights and strategies to combat new emerging threats. The annual workshop held in February or March every year is a five-days event including a one-day briefing, two-days of hands-on training open to public and two-days of private meetings by invitation only. Read more »
Finally it is good enough to announce my GSoC project - HpfeedsHoneyGraph which is a Splunk APP to display attack graph for hpfeeds logs. It is not a easy project for me to complete in short time. During the last three months, I have to learn several skills for implementation including HPfeeds logs correlation of several hpfeeds channels, Splunk frameworks, Splunk REST API , D3.v2.js graph library and fast-fluxing modules. The most difficult challenge for me is to write javascript code. I SUPER hate javascript. Read more »


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Alexander Fax Booksellers
- PO Box 746 MAWSON ACT 2607
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- Alexander Fax Booksellers
Open Hours
- Wednesday - Saturday 10.00-4.00. On line ordering anytime
- Recent acquisitions list: emailled twice a month. Request inclusion by email
- 1997
We specialise in quality secondhand military history books, including Military Aviation, Naval History, Unit History, Prisoners of War, World War I, World War II, the Vietnam War and Women in War. We also carry a broad range of military history covering a number of categories including 20th century conflicts, British Military, German Military and Colonial conflicts.
Our stock has a strong emphasis on Australian military history and we also stock a range of carefully selected new books on Australian military history which includes titles by major Australian publishing houses, niche military publishers and private publishers. We also stock secondhand books across a broad range of subjects including fishing, Australian history, railway and Aboriginal issues.
We email recent acquisitions books of military books twice a month and offer secure ordering. All books are posted in quality packaging to ensure no damage.
- Location:


text: If you do not run Archlinux, you can use this thread to know when new versions of packages become available. They are not updated immediately but usually within a day or so. A lot of the AUR packages are devel or git versions so you can watch those versions as well.So here is the Thu, 07 Jan 2010 updates:


text:
Sir Kensington's
Born to a merchant family in Great Britain, Sir Kensington attended Oxford University for his course of undergraduate study, attaining degrees in mercantile trade, agronomy, and culinary arts. Inspired by herbal curiosities brought west by sail, he developed a wanderlust and shifted his focus to the Orient.
Upon joining the National Geographic Society and Guild of Pepperers, he accepted a post in Constantinople in the service of Her Majesty, advising the British East India Company in speculation of rare spices. Upon his return to England, he authored and defended his groundbreaking thesis, A Most Seemly Union: Byzantine Gastronomy & the Delightful Marriage of Greek and Roman Influence, 330-453, to earn a doctorate from Cambridge.
The commercially savvy Sir Kensington then founded and developed a reinsurance concern later acquired by Lloyds of London, thusly freeing him to focus on his true calling: the evolution of cultural understanding. He began hosting summits and salons with various luminaries from across the Old and New Worlds alike, quickly realizing that the secret to a pleasing gathering was the gastronomic fuel on which it ran.
At one such summit, the emperor of Japan presented the assembled guests with tender slices of Wagyu beef. Upon being served, Catherine the Great of Russia leaned toward Sir Kensington to request a side of ketchup.
Baffled yet intrigued by the request, Kensington ventured to the kitchen, where he could find nothing acceptable for such a dish or such a diner. Undeterred, he set about to create, on the spot, a ketchup that would forever bear his name. And so the knowledgeable knight became a ketchup king, forever to be fondly favoured for his flavourful findings. He remains to this day the only commoner to have been invited to Buckingham Palace for three meals in a single day.
Sir Kensington's spice chronicles were feared lost until 2008, when Brown University students Scott Norton and Mark Ramadan uncovered them, filed away and forgotten, in the library's special collections.
Enchanted by the simplicity of the lost recipes, Scott and Mark vowed to revive ketchup in the Sir Kensington tradition. A great success, the experiment yielded the first of many batches of this rare and exceptional formula. Uncommon, healthful, and painstakingly prepared, it could bear no other name than that of Kensington himself.
And so a most extraordinary tale reaches its end.
"Oh, but it cannot be!" cry you, curiosity piqued. "Surely there must be more yet." Very well, dear reader: continue on your quest to discover more about this lauded proprietor and its quality goods.
Today, Sir Kensington's is headquartered in New York City's SoHo district. The company remains dedicated to its mission to bring integrity and charm to ordinary and overlooked food. Sir Kensington would be proud.
United States


text:
That's the underlying question Hinda Mandell, Ph.D. raised Tuesday in a post on the Boston Public Radio site, "Brave New World: Your Doctor, Your Private Parts, Twitter And You."
My gynecologist just followed my vagina on Twitter. At least, that's how it felt when I received email notification that I had a new Twitter follower.To be fair, maybe it wasn't my gynecologist who hit the "follow" button, but an employee at her practice. Does it matter? Because my ob/gyn's name and Twitter handle are the same, and her Twitter avatar is her practice's logo of a mother and child, entwined. Now she — or whoever her office's social media manager is — knows my political views, sees the photos I take of my crafting projects and reads the recipes I plan to cook. It sounds innocuous, but it doesn't feel so innocent.
Ms. Mandell refers to the 12-word social media policy published by our Mayo Clinic Center for Social Media Medical Director, Farris Timimi, M.D. (which is how I came across her post.) Dr. Timimi's personal policy is, in some ways, a distillation of our official Social Media Guidelines for Mayo Clinic Employees. The relevant point from our guidelines is this:
Mayo Clinic strongly discourages "friending" of patients on social media websites. Staff in patient care roles generally should not initiate or accept friend requests except in unusual circumstances such as the situation where an in-person friendship pre-dates the treatment relationship.
Does the different nature of "Friending" on Facebook as compared with following on Twitter make the latter less problematic? I think it does, to some extent. As Ms. Mandell says later in the piece:
What I find most confusing is my own reaction. It does feel unseemly, slightly freaky and certainly uninvited for the physician who helped bring my daughter into the world 13 months ago to know the Twitter version of myself.But why?
After all, I know on a conscious, logical level that my tweets are public and can be seen by anyone. I mean, isn't that the reason I use Twitter, to broadcast my ideas and opinions to a wider audience and to share the online content I find of interest? And if I already have a confidential, private relationship with a medical professional, who cares if she sees my very public tweets about the hottest Parisian beauty balms or chefs who have discontinued favorite dishes in New York restaurants?
She goes on to say that she does care and it makes her feel uncomfortable, and I encourage you to read the whole thing.
In her doctor's defense, Ms. Mandell writes frequently on a public radio blog and has interesting things to say. To that extent, she's something of a public figure. Maybe the physician-patient relationship trumps that, but wanting to follow interesting and lively public commentary would at least be a reasonable explanation.
Which brings me to the main question, I think:
Why would you as a doctor, or as a hospital representative,
want to follow a patient on Twitter?
At @MayoClinic, the main reason we would follow a patient or employee is to enable private messaging.
In the early days of our Twitter experience in 2008 we weren't following anyone, but that seemed kind of...well...anti-social. Then we started following those who had followed @MayoClinic and who were real people and not spambots, until I got a message from a Mayo employee expressing some of the same angst at Ms. Mandell: "Why are you following me?" Felt we might be big-brotherish, I guess.
After that we moved to (generally) only following those who asked to be followed. If someone mentions @MayoClinic on Twitter, particularly with a service concern, we may attempt to connect by sending a private direct message. The NSA we're not.
What do you think?
Should providers following patients on Twitter be out-of-bounds?
What reasons for following might be justified?
I'm speaking next week at a Mayo Clinic CME event, Professionalism Today and Tomorrow: Sustaining Trust in a Technology-Driven Health Care World, and I would like to share the community thoughts on this, so would appreciate your perspective in the comments box below.
Updated (8/15/14): Dr. Bryan Vartabedian, a member of our MCCSM External Advisory Board, has posted on the topic this morning on his blog. Great stuff. Check it out!
Lee Aase is the Director of the Mayo Clinic Center for Social Media.


text:
Ice Box – Apps freezer [Root] v2.0.7 [Pro]
Ice Box – Apps freezer [Root] v2.0.7 [Pro]
Minimum Requirements: 4.1+ | ROOT
APK Description: Ice Box is a box to freeze and store the apps you dislike but sometime have to use.
This app requires root permission.
Ice Box is a box to freeze and store the apps you rarely used.
Apps in box will be HIDDEN from launcher and won't be able to steal your battery or cellular data in background. You can easily launch them from Ice Box, just like launch from a home screen folder. They'll be frozen automatically after screen lock or back to launcher and can't do anything in background.
Long press app icon to:
– Run App.
– Freeze/Defrost app.
– View App's system detail.
– Open on Google Play.
– Uninstall.
Support desktop widget:
– Freeze All Apps
– Freeze All + Lock Screen
– Defrost and Run Specific App
Also Support Tasker Plugin:
– Quick freeze or defrost selected app(s).
Notice: Please remember to click "Defrost All" in settings if you want to uninstall Ice Box.
– Bug fixes and performance improvements
This app has no advertisements
More Info:
Download Instructions:PRO features Unlocked


text:
Thursday, February 4, 2010
Random Art Journal Video
27 comments:
- Brian K said...
Oh sooo cool! I love how this came out! Thanks for the video! Very inspiring!
- February 4, 2010 at 7:00 AM
- Joanne Huffman said...
I really enjoyed this video. I definitely have to organize my studio, so I'll have time to get to work.
- February 4, 2010 at 7:49 AM
AWESOME!! Thank you so much, Diana, for sharing that - it was fascinating to watch you work!
- February 4, 2010 at 8:27 AM
- This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
- February 4, 2010 at 10:59 AM
- scj said...
Thanks so much for this Diana. I really love these videos. Was that a dry cloth you were using to wipe the paint?
- February 4, 2010 at 11:36 AM
- This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
- February 4, 2010 at 12:12 PM
- sisa said...
Thank you very much for this inspiring video. I have your book and did the "Time to spill" exercise on page 13 last night. Getting started is always the hardest part for me, but with your instructions I jumped in and had a great time. Thanks too for your link to the bookbinding workshop with Less Herger. I enjoy it!
- February 4, 2010 at 2:22 PM
- Mary said...
Thanks Diana, I have been a little stuck in my journaling lately.
- February 4, 2010 at 4:14 PM
- Jeannie said...
Thank you so much! It was so much fun to watch you work ~ you are so inspiring. Have a fantastic weekend.
- February 4, 2010 at 10:51 PM
- June said...
I just love this process...sometimes I think too much when I am art journaling. I am definitely going to try your approach. Thanks for sharing this video.
- February 5, 2010 at 1:17 AM
- lyric said...
how lovely to get to know your work - it's fresh and fun!
- February 5, 2010 at 9:58 PM
- HollyM said...
It amazes what people are willing to share and the effort I'm sure it took to do so.i love this video! It looks like you're having fun, it's inspirational.
- February 10, 2010 at 5:50 PM
- Christine said...
Woah! This is really amazing. I am soooo inspired. Thank you for sharing this awesome video :-)
- February 12, 2010 at 3:58 AM
- Nancy said...
Very cool page...feeling the same way (escaping!) I just got your book, Journal Spilling and I am heading out to Michaels to buy some needed supplies--that brayer looks very handy! I also have some gel medium--is there any use for it besides for transfer? Also, your video shows your pages kind of shined--was that from the video? or your supplies?
Thank you Diana--you have put an inspiration into me!!!
- February 12, 2010 at 2:48 PM
- judy coates perez said...
great tutorial Diana, it is always fun to see how other people work.
- February 12, 2010 at 9:48 PM
Genial dispatch and this post helped me alot in my college assignement. Gratefulness you as your information.
- February 21, 2010 at 8:12 PM
- jet1960 said...
Thanks for taking the time to do this! So enjoyed seeing how the page spread came together. I purchased your book, Journal Spilling, not long ago, and think it is wonderful!
- February 22, 2010 at 9:17 PM
Survival group against God?? LOL. Good luck with that. Truth is, no one knows the exact time this will happen except the man upstairs, however, I firmly believe that there are people placed here by God that post the warning signs and it's up to you to take heed.
]2012 end of world
[/url] - some truth about 2012
- February 26, 2010 at 1:26 AM
- Paula Phillips said...
Great video Diana! I just happened upon your blog today, we have a similar style and I am super inspired from your video.
Much Love
- February 28, 2010 at 1:37 PM
You will not believe what I just found! [url=http://www.foolioo.com]Foolioo.com[/url] makes [url=http://www.foolioo.com]free[/url] custom website for free. Yep! That's right, FREE!
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So if you're looking for a free website, give these guys a try.
Good Bye
- March 7, 2010 at 12:14 AM
- Midge said...
YOU are a very generous person and I THANK YOU for sharing all of your creative time! Hugs, Midge
- August 25, 2010 at 12:22 PM
- Itaya said...
Oh wow! This is awesome! Love the intuitive randomness of it all. Thank you for sharing this awesome video. :)
- October 13, 2010 at 5:10 PM
- juicy*s said...
Diana...I always love checking out your blog and am reviewing your tutorials. You are such and inspiration. I am going to "TRY" to get into your Creative Revolution! It is a cool idea and with you at the helm, it should be a great experience!
- October 30, 2010 at 11:56 AM
All can be
- January 9, 2011 at 12:25 AM
- Vanilla said...
This is so great!!!! OHHHH the freedom. I have been meaning to work on paper, but only in oils on big canvases do I feel so free. But you really inspired me. Thanks for your great tutorial!
- April 22, 2011 at 7:33 PM
- Jo Anne O. said...
I have to let you know that I have your book and it is FAB! (some people read novels at bedtime...I read Journal Spilling!)
Seeing you in action is fun and inspiring! Thanks for all you do and for sharing it with us!
- April 26, 2011 at 1:33 PM
- 網路校園美女寫真 said...
- October 12, 2018 at 8:43 AM


text:
This chapter describes how to manage Directory Server logs.
If you want information to assist you in defining a logging strategy, use the logging policy information in Designing a Logging Strategy in Oracle Fusion Middleware Deployment Planning Guide for Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition.
For a description of the log files and their contents, see Chapter 10, Directory Server Logging, in Oracle Fusion Middleware Reference for Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition.
This chapter covers the following topics:
The Directory Server Resource Kit provides a log analysis tool, logconv, that enables you to analyze Directory Server access logs. The log analysis tool extracts usage statistics. It also counts the occurrences of significant events. For more information about this tool, see the logconv(1) man page.
You can view the logs directly on the server in the default instance-path/logs file. If you have modified the default path, you can find the log file location using the dsconf command as follows:
$ dsconf get-log-prop -h host -p port log-type path
Alternatively, you can view the log files through Directory Service Control Center (DSCC). DSCC enables you to view and sort the log entries.
The following figure shows a sample of a Directory Server access log in DSCC.
You can use the dsadm command to display a specified number of lines of the Directory Server logs, or to display log entries younger than a specified age. This example tails the error log. To tail the access log, use show-access-log instead of show-error-log.
Display error log entries younger than a certain age.
$ dsadm show-error-log -A duration instance-path
You must specify a unit for the duration. For example, to display error log entries younger than 24 hours, type:
$ dsadm show-error-log -A 24h /local/dsInst
Display a specified number of lines from the error log (starting from the end).
$ dsadm show-error-log -L last-lines instance-path
The number of lines is expressed as an integer. For example, to display the last 100 lines, type:
$ dsadm show-error-log -L 100 /local/dsInst
If you do not specify a value, the default number of lines displayed is 20.
Many aspects of the log files can be modified. Some examples include the following:
Enabling the audit log
Unlike the access log and the errors log, the audit log is not enabled by default. For information, see To Enable the Audit Log.
General settings
Enabling or disabling logging
Enabling or disabling log buffering
Log file location
Verbose logging
Log level
Log rotation settings.
Creation of new logs at regular time intervals
Maximum log file size before a new log file is created
Log deletion settings
Maximum file age before deletion
Maximum file size before deletion
Minimum free disk space before deletion
The following procedures describe how to modify log configuration and how to enable the audit log.
You can use DSCC to perform this task. For information, see Directory Service Control Center Interface and the DSCC online help.
View the settings for the log that you want to modify.
$ dsconf get-log-prop -h host -p port log-type
For example, to list the existing error log settings, type:
$ dsconf get-log-prop -h host1 -p 1389 error Enter "cn=Directory Manager" password: buffering-enabled : off enabled : on level : default max-age : 1M max-disk-space-size : 100M max-file-count : 2 max-size : 100M min-free-disk-space-size : 5M path : /tmp/ds1/logs/errors perm : 600 rotation-interval : 1w rotation-min-file-size : unlimited rotation-time : undefined verbose-enabled : off
Set the new value.
Set the value that you want for the property.
$ dsconf set-log-prop -h host -p port log-type property:value
For example, to set the rotation interval for the error log to two days, use this command:
$ dsconf set-log-prop -h host1 -p 1389 error rotation-interval:2d
Unlike the access log and errors log, the audit log is not enabled by default. Before viewing the audit log, you must enable it.
You can use DSCC to perform this task. For information, see Directory Service Control Center Interface and the DSCC online help.
If you have a log that is getting very large, you can manually rotate the log at any time. Rotation backs up the existing log file and creates a fresh log file.
You can use DSCC to perform this task. For information, see Directory Service Control Center Interface and the DSCC online help.


text: HKSS.com | Community > Discussion Forum > View topic - Music: ALAN TAM "Sky & Earth" Home Community Superstars Music | What's New | Help HKSS | Search* Discussions | HKE Chat | Reflections of Life | Virtual Cards | Member Galleries Please excuse our mess. HKSS is currently under re-construction and some links/sections don't work yet. What's New: Latest updates | Member Galleries | Music | HKE Chat | About HKSS.com Community Discussions HKE Chat Reflections of Life Member Galleries Virtual Cards* Play Music Superstars Profiles* Galleries* Reviews Gossip & News Other Privacy Policy Terms of Use Link to HKSS* HKSS.com What's New About Contact* Advertise* Help HKSS Links YesAsia yuenStudios Do you like HKSS? My Watched Topics | My Favorites | My Profile Private IMs Register Log in Help | Stats | Members | Groups Search Forum Music: ALAN TAM "Sky & Earth" HKSS.com Forum Index -> Reviews View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message MavisCrazed FanJoined: 07 Oct 2003Posts: 113 Posted: Sun Mar 06, 2005 2:50 am Post subject: Music: ALAN TAM "Sky & Earth" This album was released in December 2004. First brand new album for Alan in over 2 years. I still don't understand why the album was separated into 2 EPs (namely, Sky & Earth). Quite a waste in my opinion. The 2 key songs are the songs written by "Dao Lang" (Knife man), a popular singer in China: "Wolf wearing sheep skin" (mandarin, track 1 in Sky EP) is by far my favourite song in the album. This is Alan's first attempt at mainland China pop, and it worked well. The song is much more harder to sing than it sounds. The lyrics are also different from the typical love songs. "Goodbye that cannot be said" (Mando/Canto duet version in track 5 of Sky EP; solo Canto version by Alan in track 5 of Earth EP) is also written by Dao Lang. The original version "First snow in 2002" was one of Dao Lang's first hits. The music is quite simple, a pleasure to listen to. The current hit (surprisingly) is "Singer and his songs" (track 3 in Earth EP), which has been doing well in the charts. Billed as the best song since Alan's 1994 hit "One song, one story", the lyrics combines the song titles of Alan's past hits. Personally I was quite disappointed. Chan Siu Kei, the lyricist, tried too hard to fit the titles into the music, yet he didn't fill enough of the lyrics with song titles. "Lifelong idol" (track 6, Earth EP) is a dedication by Universal and Alan's fans to Alan. 2 lucky fans (damn them) got to sing 2 lines of the songs (including a girl that sang the first line), while the rest of the Universal singers took turns singing the lines. As expected, the song's last line was left for Hacken Lee. The rest of the album is not bad, except most of the songs are actually cover versions of English songs, somewhat unacceptable by today's standards. Rating: 7/10 Recommendations: Sky EP Track 1 - "Wolf wearing sheep sking" Track 3 - "Forever more" Track 5 - "Goodbye that cannot be said" Earth EP Track 5 - "Goodbye that cannot be said" Buy the CD here Back to top Mikey_Life is good. Be inspired.Joined: 04 Oct 2003Posts: 1322Location: Fountain Valley, California (USA) Posted: Sun Mar 06, 2005 11:55 am Post subject: He's still singing? How long has he been in the music industry? Back to top MavisCrazed FanJoined: 07 Oct 2003Posts: 113 Posted: Sat Mar 19, 2005 10:28 am Post subject: Over 30 years. Universal just gave him a 30 year service award, or something like that. Back to top Mikey_Life is good. Be inspired.Joined: 04 Oct 2003Posts: 1322Location: Fountain Valley, California (USA) Posted: Sat Mar 19, 2005 8:22 pm Post subject: Cool. On the same subject, I wonder where Mariah Carey is. She's been out for a while... Back to top nganhFanJoined: 10 Oct 2003Posts: 74Location: France Posted: Sun Mar 20, 2005 2:38 pm Post subject: Mariah, didn't she sing (featuring) with i don't remember the guy's name ? Back to top Mikey_Life is good. Be inspired.Joined: 04 Oct 2003Posts: 1322Location: Fountain Valley, California (USA) Posted: Sun Mar 20, 2005 9:12 pm Post subject: Boyz II Men? Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First HKSS.com Forum Index -> Reviews All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Entertainment----------------All EntertainmentReviewsGossip and NewsIdol DiscussionsMusicMoviesTV Shows Non-Entertainment----------------General DiscussionsNew MembersFun and GamesReflections of LifeHobbies, TravelFood and CookingHelp!Websites HKSS.com----------------Announcements/ What's New?Help HKSS.comFeedback/ Contact HKSS.comWishlist You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Back to top Copyright © 1996-2014 HKSS.com™. All Rights Reserved. About | Link to HKSS.com | Advertise | Contact | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use Information and images accessed from this site are protected by international copyright and/or other intellectual property rights. You may infringe these rights if you download, copy, publish, distribute, transmit, or exploit such content without the explicit consent of HKSS.com. > Site design by yuenStudios.com (2006)


text:
County of Inyo
Board of Supervisors
The Board of Supervisors of the County of Inyo, State of California, met in special session at the hour of 8:00 a.m., on Friday, July 7, 2006, in the Board of Supervisors Room, County Administrative Center, Independence, with the following Supervisors present: Vice-Chairperson Jim Bilyeu presiding as Chairperson, Linda Arcularius, Ted Williams, and Richard Cervantes. Supervisor Cash was absent. Supervisor Bilyeu provided the Invocation, and Supervisor Arcularius led the Pledge of Allegiance.
Public Comment
The Chairperson announced the public comment period and there was no one from the public wishing to address the Board.
Fish and Game Workshop
The Chairperson recessed open session at 8:05 a.m., to convene in a workshop with Mr. Sonke Mastrup, Deputy Director, Wildlife and Inland Fisheries Division and Ms. Bernadette Fees, Assistant Deputy Director, Education and Outreach of the California Department of Fish and Game and members of the public to discuss the Mt. Whitney Fish Hatchery and other DFG programs, which affect Inyo County and the Eastern Sierra. The discussions included the Eastern Sierra Audubon Society talking about Owens Lake wildlife projects, the budgeting for the Mt. Whitney Fish Hatchery, hatchery operations and productions, water quality and quantity at Fish Springs Hatchery, the Department's intent for the Mt. Whitney Fish Hatchery, the Department's partnership with the Friends of the Mt. Whitney Fish Hatchery and the educational and outreach programs being sponsored by the Department.
The Chairperson adjourned the special meeting at 10:35 a.m.
________________________________________ Chairperson, Inyo County Board of Supervisors
Attest: RONALD JULIFF
Clerk of the Board
Disclaimer: The County of Inyo reserves the right to make changes and improvements to its Web site at any time and without
notice, and assumes no liability for damages incurred directly or indirectly as a result of errors, omissions or discrepancies.
Copyright © 2001 County of Inyo
Last Updated: July 27, 2006