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List of Community Colleges in Alabama-Page 2
8. Faulkner State Community College
Established : 1965
Website : www.faulknerstate.edu
No. of Students : 5200
Contact No : (251)580-2100
With more than 100 areas of study, they offer academic transfer programs in everything from Art to Zoology. All academic courses are guaranteed by state law to transfer to any of Alabama's public universities. You can choose from more than 40 technical programs that can help you enter into high-paying professions, such as Industrial Maintenance, Welding, Computer Technology, Office Administration, Paramedics, Emergency Medical Technology (EMT), Registered Nursing, Surgical Technology and even Golf Course, Turf and Hotel/Resort Management.
- American Dental Association
- Commission on Dental Accreditation
- American Culinary Federation Educational Institute
- Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs – Surgical Technologist
- Commission on Accreditation of Hospitality Management
- The College offers athletics programs in the following fields: Basketball, Baseball, Softball, Volleyball, Golf, Tennis, and Cheerleading.
Faulkner State has three locations. The administrative campus is located in Bay Minette, Alabama. It also has two additional campuses located in Fairhope, Alabama and Gulf Shores, Alabama.
Applicants must complete the Application for Admission form which may be obtained upon request from the Admissions Office of the College or on their Web site. Applicants should submit their application to the Office of Admissions, Faulkner State Community College, 1900 U.S. Hwy 31 South, Bay Minette, AL, 36507, as early as possible prior to the semester in which they plan to enroll. Prospective students may also apply online on the College's Web site.
Federal regulations require all students receiving federal financial aid (Federal Title 4 aid including: Federal Pell Grant, Federal Work Study, Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant, Stafford Subsidized, Unsubsidized or Plus Loans or Alabama Student Assistance) to make satisfactory academic progress toward completion of a degree or certificate. Academic progress must be monitored for all terms of enrollment, whether or not financial aid was received. All students are evaluated once during the academic year. A student will be evaluated each time he/she applies for financial aid which will be at least annually. If a student requests an additional award of federal financial aid within the current award year, the Satisfactory Academic Progress will be evaluated before the additional award is processed. Satisfactory progress is not to be confused with "good standing". A student can meet the FSCC requirements of "good standing" and be allowed to enroll but not meet the minimum standards to receive financial aid while enrolled.
9. Gadsden State Community College
Established : 1925
Website : www.gadsdenstate.edu
No. of Students : 8,000
Contact No : (256) 549-8200
Gadsden State Community College is a two-year institution of higher learning located in Gadsden, Anniston, and Centre, Alabama. The college's service area includes Calhoun, Cherokee, Cleburne, Etowah, and parts of St. Clair counties. The college experienced some turmoil in 2013 when the vast majority of faculty and staff voted no confidence in the college president, Ray Staats. Two months after the vote, he was placed on leave and an interim president appointed
Academic Division
Technical Division
As of 2009, the college has four campuses and two centers: the Wallace Drive Campus, the East Broad Campus, the Ayers Campus, the Valley Street Campus, the McClellan Center, and the Gadsden State Cherokee Center
Becoming a part of Gadsden state student body is easy. They'll walk through the admission process and tell you about financial aid possibilities.
To ensure financial aid processing prior to the beginning of classes, FAFSAs must be completed at least 15 business days prior to the first day of the term, and all verification documents must be received in the Financial Aid Office at least ten business days prior to the first day of the term. The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is available online at www.fafsa.gov. Click here to review common mistakes to avoid when filing a FAFSA. Click here for a link to tips dealing with unique situations that may arise when completing your FAFSA. Click here to view seven easy steps to the FAFSA.
10. H. Councill Trenholm State Technical College
Established : 1963
Website : www.trenholmtech.cc.al.us
No. of Students : 1,758
H. Councill Trenholm State Technical College is a community college in Montgomery, Alabama. The college awards associate's degrees and certificates in a variety of healthcare and technical disciplines. The current iteration of the college was formed in 2001 by the merger of Trenholm State Technical College (founded 1963) with John M. Patterson Technical School (founded 1961).
J. F. Drake State Technical College
Established : 1961
Website : www.dstc.cc.al.us
No. of Students : 1,258
Contact No : (256)539-8161
J. F. Drake State Technical College is a community college in Huntsville, Alabama. As of the Fall 2010 semester, Drake State has an enrollment of 1,258 students.[1] The college was founded in 1961 as the Huntsville State Vocational Technical College. In 1966, the school was renamed J. F. Drake State Technical Trade School in honor of Joseph Fanning Drake, a long-serving president of Alabama A&M University. After desegregating in 1967, the school took the name J.F. Drake State Technical College in 1973. In 2013, the college was again renamed after long awaited state approval. The college is now officially known as J.F. Drake State Community and Technical College. This change was petitioned for after the institution earned membership in the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in July 2012.
Accounting Technology, Adult Education, Automotive Service Technology, Barbering Technology, Cosmetology, Culinary Arts/Hospitality Management, Electrical Technology, Engineering Graphics, Heating and Air Conditioning Technology, Electrical Engineering Technology, Industrial Systems Technology, Computer Information Systems Technology, Machine Tool Technology, Medical Assisting Technology, Nursing Assistant, Office Systems Technology, Practical Nursing, and Welding. I
J. F. Drake State Technical College admits on a first come first served basis all students who meet the established admission criteria. Admission decisions will be made without regard to the applicant's race, color, disability, sex, religion, creed, national origin, or age. The Office of Admissions is the first stop for students who desire to enter the college. The Office of Admissions processes registration packets which include the application for admittance and the other necessary documents for acceptance into the college. For a detailed list of steps to complete the enrollment process visit the "Registration Steps Guide". The Office of Admissions also coordinates the graduation activities as well as requests for transcripts once a student leaves the college.
Student financial assistance is available to those students who qualify to receive funds to help cover the cost of attending this institution. The primary purpose of financial aid is to help those students in need of monetary assistance to attend college. However, some financial assistance programs, such as leadership and academic scholarships, are not solely based on financial need of the applicant.
11. J. F. Ingram State Technical College
Established : 1965
Website : www.istc.edu
No. of Students : 543
Contact No : (334) 285-5177
J. F. Ingram State Technical College was established by the Alabama Legislature in 1965 as J. F. Ingram State Technical Institute. Named for Mr. John F. Ingram, a nationally known pioneer in vocational education, the college was created to train incarcerated men and women in useful occupations in preparation for a successful return to society. J. F. Ingram State Technical College was established by the Alabama Legislature in 1965 as J. F. Ingram State Technical Institute. Named for Mr. John F. Ingram, a nationally known pioneer in vocational education, the college was created to train incarcerated men and women in useful occupations in preparation for a successful return to society. Today Dr. Hank Dasinger serves as President of J.F. Ingram State Technical College. The College offers vocational training in 21 career fields on three campuses. In addition, there are five basic education sites and special education services are provided in correctional facilities across the state.
Special Education Services (SES)
Adult Basic Education (ABE)
Training for Business (TBI)
Dean of Instruction (DI)
Career Technical Education(CTE)
Training for Business
Ingram State Technical College offers programs and services at the following correctional facilities: Frank Lee (Ingram Main Campus), Draper, Staton, Tutwiler, Elmore, Kilby, Red Eagle, Donaldson, Columbiana.
Admission to Ingram State Technical College is open to incarcerated men and women who are in its geographical jurisdiction as prescribed by the Alabama State Board of Education. The objective of Student Services is to assist students in formulating and achieving their career, educational and personal goals. Generally, an applicant must be at least 16 years of age.
12. Jefferson Davis Community College
Established : 1965
Website : www.jdcc.edu
Motto : Start here, go anywhere!
Contact No : (251)867-4832
Jefferson Davis Community College is a comprehensive community college with campuses in Brewton and Atmore offering students a unique educational experience. Class sizes are small, allowing faculty to provide personalized instruction and hands-on training. The College is committed to providing access to the latest information technology.
Academic Program
Technical Program
Adult Education/GED
Community and Industry
The college has campuses in Brewton and Atmore, Alabama. The Woodfin Patterson Auditorium hosts cultural events. There is also a new One-Stop Student Services Center, a recreational and experiential learning park, and a three- hole practice golf course.
Students may enter at the beginning of the fall, spring, or summer semester. Students are urged to make application 30 days in advance of the time they wish to enroll. All applicants who submit an Application for Admission to Jefferson Davis Community College must complete the Signature Page & Residency Declaration form and submit it to the Registrar's office as part of the application process. This form is the last page of the paper application and students are directed to this form once the online application is submitted. Students will not be allowed to regsiter for a second term or have an official transcript released until this form is submitted.
Jefferson Davis Community College offers a comprehensive financial aid package for eligible students who attend. Financial aid comes in the form of federal as well as institutional funds. Programs, processes and rules of use are detailed. Federal Work-Study: Provides part-time jobs on campus and in the community for needy students. Students must apply for the Federal Pell, but may be awarded work-study even if he/she does not qualify for Pell. Awards are made on first-come, first-serve basis. Job placement will be to campus openings first.
13. Jefferson State Community College
Established : 1965
Website : www.jeffstateonline.com
No. of Students : 10,000
Contact No : (205) 853-1200/(800) 239-5900
Jefferson State Community College, more often known as 'Jeff State', is a two-year college in the Alabama Community College System. Jefferson State offers more than 120 university transfer programs, 20 career programs with multiple options, and numerous certificate programs. These programs are offered during the day, evening, weekends and via the Internet. The school is well known for its competitive Heath and Biological Science programs. It has an ESL program as well as a variety of community and continuing education classes. It hosts a Career Center, workforce training, and call center classes on campus. Each campus is equipped with computer labs and libraries available to all students, faculty, and staff.
Banking and Finance
Bachelor Degree Programs
Biomedical Equipment Technology
Business Management
Degree Evaluation
Child Development
Clinical Laboratory Technology
Construction & Building Science Technology
Computer Information Systems Technology
Culinary & Hospitality Management
Distance Education
Emergency Medical Services
Fire Science
Funeral Service Education
Law Enforcement
Manufacturing Technology
Nursing Education
Office Administration Technology
Physical Therapist Assistant
Radiologic Technology
Course Descriptions
Course Outlines
ROTC Opportunities
University Parallel Transfer Programs
Transfer/General Studies Division
Veterinary Technology
Transfer Programs
Degree Evaluation
The current campus locations are the Jefferson Campus in eastern Jefferson County, the Shelby-Hoover Campus in northern Shelby County, the St. Clair-Pell City Center in Pell City, and the Chilton-Clanton Center in Clanton.
Students are expected to pay all tuition and fees at the time of registration. Students can expect to be dropped at any time from all classes due to non-payment of tuition and fees.
The philosophy of Enrollment Services is that no student should be denied access to postsecondary education because of financial barriers. While the primary responsibility of paying for college lies with the student and the student's family, Jefferson State Community College offers a variety of aid, such as grants, loans, scholarships, and work study to assist as many qualified students as possible. In order to be considered for federal student aid, students must be unconditionally admitted into an eligible degree-seeking program.
14. Lawson State Community College
Established : 1949
Website : www.lawsonstate.edu
Contact No : (205)925-2515
Lawson State Community College, located in the southwestern section of Birmingham, is composed of two main divisions–an academic division and a career/technical division. As of July 1, 2005, Bessemer State Technical College merged with Lawson State Community College. Under the merged college, Lawson State has seen its most celebrated years. In 2011, Lawson State was featured as a Top 50 Community College, making history in the state. And, in 2013, it moved from 33 out of 50 on the list (of top colleges) to #5. Lawson State has also been recognized by the White House (and celebrated by the Obama Administration) as a Champion of Change.
Business & Technologies
College Transfer
Career Technical Programs
Health Professions Programs
There are two campuses of Lawson State Community College, one in Bessemer, Alabama and the other campus in Birmingham, Alabama. The distance between both campuses is roughly 9 miles.
Please have your official high school transcript or GED score report mailed to our office. Males age 18 through 25 must provide proof of selective service registration. To register for selective service or to print selective service registration proof
Lawson State Community College offers financial assistance to students who are in need of help to pay the cost of their education. Financial aid is designed to supplement the family's ability to finance the students educational expenses.
15. Lurleen B. Wallace Community College
Established : 1969
Website : www.lbwcc.edu
No. of Students : 1,790
Contact No : (334) 881-2211
Lurleen B. Wallace Community College are one of 1,195 comprehensive community colleges in the United States, which educate 46% of all undergraduate students in the country and award 555,000 associate degrees and 295,000 certificates each year. LBW is one of the 26 member colleges of the Alabama Community College System, a leading resource for providing higher education and economic development in our state.
Academic Division
Business-Information Technology/Social Science Division
Math & Science Division
Language & Humanities Division
Fine Arts Division
Applied Technology
Allied Health
Lurleen B. Wallace Community College (LBWCC) is a community college with campuses in Andalusia, Greenville, and Opp, Alabama.
Applicants should submit the identification referenced above to the Office of Student Services in person. Those applicants unable to present identification in person must submit a legible copy by mail or via electronic submission. In addition, all male students between the ages of 18 and 26 must be registered with the U.S. Selective Service System.
The Lurleen B Wallace Community College office offers a variety of programs and assistance for students seeking funding for their education. This includes the Federal Pell Grant, Federal Supplemental Education Opportunity Grant (SEOG), WIA/TAA, Vocational Rehabilitation, scholarships and other programs.
16. Marion Military Institute
Established : 1842
Website : www.marionmilitary.edu
Contact No : (800)664-1842
Email : firstname.lastname@example.com
Since 1887, Marion Military Institute (MMI) has achieved a national reputation for preparing young men and women for successful civilian and military careers. This is accomplished by providing the best possible educational program for its students in a conservative, disciplined environment thereby developing their intellectual, physical, moral, social and leadership capabilities. Students from all over the world attend MMI to establish a strong foundation for future study, and to take advantage of its military training programs. MMI is one of only six Military junior colleges in the United States which offer unique military training programs. These programs include the Army's two-year Early Commissioning Program (ECP), an Army Reserve Officers Training Corps program through which qualified students can earn a commission as a Second Lieutenant after only two years of college. The Service Academy Preparation Program (SAP) is a freshman year of solid academic and physical preparation for students who wish to attend one of the Service Academies (West Point, Air Force Academy, Naval Academy, Merchant Marine Academy, or Coast Guard Academy). MMI also offers the first two years of Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps.
U.S. Military Academy at West Point
U.S. Naval Academy
U.S. Air Force Academy
U.S. Coast Guard Academy
U.S. Merchant Marine Academy
Marion Military Institute, 1101 Washington St. Marion, AL 36756
The Admissions Office is open Monday through Friday from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm. In addition to the completed application, the following must be submitted: $30 Application Fee, Copy of Birth Certificate or Proof of U.S. Citizenship, Copy of Social Security Card, Copy of Immunization Record, Copy of all High School and College Transcripts, Verification of ACT or SAT Scores, $200 Reservation Fee (once you have decided to attend MMI)
The Marion Military Institute Office of Financial Aid is open Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. CST. Recently the U.S. Department of Education reduced the duration of a student's eligibility to receive Pell grant funds from 18 semesters or 12 semesters. This applies to all students effective with the 2012-2013 award year. The calculation includes all earlier years of the student's receipt of Pell.
17. Northeast Alabama Community College
Established : 1963
Website : www.nacc.edu
No. of Students : 3,370
Contact No : (256) 638-4418 or (256) 228-6001
NACC is one of the leading community colleges in the nation. They offer a comprehensive educational program, which includes outstanding technical/career and academic transfer programs, all provided at a very affordable price. Our graduates and students consistently score high on nationally standardized tests and licensing examinations. Graduates of our technical/career programs have been ranked first within the Alabama Community College System in job retention, and our students have placed first within the system on the BASIC SKILLS test given to prospective teachers. NACC personnel take special pride in the achievements of our students.
Business and Computer Science
English and Fine ArtsHealth Sciences
Natural Sciences
Social Science, Speech, and Foreign Language
Workforce Development
Skills Training
Northeast Alabama Community College (NACC), located near Rainsville, Alabama, is a comprehensive community college which offers a variety of programs leading to the associate degree in the arts, sciences, and applied sciences.
Northeast Alabama Community College has an open-door admissions policy to ensure that every person has the opportunity to attain a college education. To take classes for college credit, you must first complete the NACC application for admission. Apply early to make sure you have plenty of time to complete assessment testing, attend orientation, visit with an advisor, plan your course schedule and register for classes.
The Financial Aid Office is located in Wallace Admin. Bldg. 101. See map. The objective of the Financial Aid Office is to assist students who have financial need by providing an aid package that may include scholarships, grants, loans, and work on campus.
18. Northwest–Shoals Community College
Established : 1993 by merger
Website : www.nwscc.edu
No. of Students : 5,300
Contact No : (256)331.5200
Finally, in 1993 the Alabama State Board of Education merged Northwest Alabama Community College and Shoals Community College to form Northwest–Shoals Community College. The Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools approved the merger in 1993 and renewed the school's accreditation in 1999. Northwest–Shoals Community College is part of the Alabama College System, a statewide system of postsecondary colleges, governed by the Alabama Board of Education. The school derives its original charter from the Alabama Trade School and Junior College Authority Act of 1963.
Associate in Applied Science
Associate in Health Linkage
Associate in Occupational tech
Associate in Arts/Science
Northwest–Shoals Community College is a two-year public institution of higher education with two campuses. One campus is located in Phil Campbell, Alabama and the second campus is located in Muscle Shoals, Alabama. It is intended to serve Colbert County, Franklin County, Lauderdale County, Lawrence County, and portions of Winston County.
Northwest-Shoals Community College will consider for admission all qualified applicants. The College does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, age, sex, disability or national origin. However, the College reserves the right to individually review any applicant for admission based on whether a particular applicant's admission would be prejudicial to the general welfare of the College.
The NW-SCC Financial Aid office provides information and services regarding financing the cost of your education. Financial Aid staff members are available to meet with you concerning your options. Financial assistance available through our office includes grants, scholarships, loans, student employment and veteran's services.
19. Reid State Technical College
Established : 1963
Website : www.rstc.edu
No. of Students : 760
Contact No : (251)578-1313
Reid State Technical College is a rural, degree-granting, two-year institution that provides quality academic and technical education to students from diverse backgrounds and abilities. The college promotes economic growth by preparing a qualified workforce for business and industry.
Building Construction Technology
Collision Repair Technology
Commercial Truck Driving
Computer Information Systems
Cosmetology Instructor Training
Early Child Care Education
Reid State Technical College is a community college in Evergreen, Alabama.
Admission policies at Reid State College are administered by the Student Affairs Division which operates under the direction of the Vice President for Student Affairs. The Office of Admissions and Records is responsible for interpreting and implementing Alabama State Board Policy as well as federal, state, and local laws and policies in regard to admission of students to the College and the maintenance of academic records.
The Office of Financial Aid at Reid State is responsible for assisting students with financial help in pursing their educational goals through a combination of available grants, scholarships, work-study, and numerous off-campus agencies making monies available for educational assistance.
20. Shelton State Community College
Established : 1952 (earliest predecessor) 1994 (consolidated)
Website : www.sheltonstate.edu
No. of Students : 7,000
Contact No : (205)391-2211
Shelton State Community College is a two-year community college located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Operated by the Alabama State Department of Postsecondary Education, Shelton is one of the largest two-year colleges in the state.
Academic Division
Allied Health
Behavioral Sciences
Business/Computer Science
Fine Arts
Health and Wellness, Food and Nutrition
Humanities & Communications Arts
Natural Sciences
Community & Corporate Education
Technical Division
Mercedes Partnership
Cosmetology/Culinary Arts
Industrial Electricity/Electronics
Industrial/Manufacturing Technologies
Office Administration
Online Learning
Adult Education
Workforce Development
Shelton State fields six varsity sports teams in the Alabama Community College Conference (ACCC) in Division I of the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). Two of the sports are women's (Softball and basketball), two are men's (baseball and basketball), and one is coed (cheerleading). Shelton State's sports teams are called the Buccaneers and their colors are gold and emerald.
Admission policies at Shelton State Community College are administered by the Student Services Division which operates under the direction of the Dean of Students. The Office of Admissions and Records is responsible for interpreting and implementing Alabama State Board Policy as well as federal, state, and local laws and policies in regard to admission of students to the College and the maintenance of academic records.
Apply for admission and have on file a copy of the high school transcript, GED scores or academic transcripts from other colleges previously attended. Transient students are not eligible to receive financial aid. Be a U.S. Citizen or an eligible non-citizen. All eligible non-citizens must provide documentation to verify their eligibility status.
21. Snead State Community College
Established : 1898
Website : www.snead.edu
No. of Students : 2,436
Contact No : (256) 593-5120
Snead State Community College is a community college in Boaz, Alabama. Snead State began as a private seminary in 1899, and became part of the Alabama Community College System in 1967.[4] Snead awards associate's degrees in 7 programs and certificates in 10 programs. Snead began in 1898 as a grade school for girls in the house of its founded, Anna D. Elder. Oversight of the school was transferred to the state conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church later that year. By 1901, enrollment necessitated the construction of a separate building, allowing the addition of a high school.
Associate in Science
Agricultural Economics
Agronomy & Soils
Animal & Dairy Science
Apparel Merchandising
Apparel & Textiles
Art Education
Art History
Art Studio
Athletic Training
Behavioral Science
Biology Education etc
Associate in Applied Science
Applied Business
Child Development
Computer Science Technology
Electronic Engineering Technology
Office Administration
Nursing (RN/ADN)
Mobility LPN-to-ADN Nursing
The historic core of campus forms the Snead Junior College Historic District, which was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 1998 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. The district encompasses four buildings: the Administration Building (built 1920–21), the Boatman President's House (1936), the Norton Library/Museum (1940), and Pfeiffer Hall (1942).
The Office of Admissions & Records is responsible for processing admission applications, determining residency status, evaluating incoming transcripts for transfer credit, maintaining student records, and working with other departments to ensure students are ready to register for classes. Additionally, they prepare transcripts and diplomas, and assist students who have questions about College policies.
The Financial Aid Office at Snead State Community College provides information and counseling about federal, state and institutional aid programs and scholarships that may help you to achieve your educational goals.
22. Southern Union State Community College
Established : 1993
Website : www.suscc.edu
No. of Students : 5,000
Contact No : (256)395-2211
Southern Union State Community College, an open admission, public two-year college and member of the Alabama Community College System, provides quality and relevant teaching and learning in academic, technical, and health science programs that are affordable, accessible, equitable, and responsive to the diverse needs of our students, community, business, industry, and government.
Academic Division
Distance Learning
Health Sciences
Technical Education
Adult Education
Continuing Education
Southern Union State Community College is a public, two-year college located in Wadley, Alabama, USA. Southern Union has branch campuses in Opelika, Alabama and Valley, Alabama. All three campuses offer an open-door policy to prospective students.
Southern Union welcomes high school graduates, GED recipients, transfer or transient students from other colleges and universities, and former SU students. There are also opportunities for eligible high school students who meet SU admissions requirements to enroll in college classes concurrently with high school classes.
The Financial Aid Office offers information and services to assist in financing the cost of your education. Financial Aid Advisors are available to meet with you concerning your options. Financial assistance available through their office includes federal aid – grants, loans and work-study; as well as scholarship opportunities. A student must be accepted for admission to Southern Union before financial awards can be determined. The student's financial aid file must be complete prior to early registration in order to insure no delays in receiving financial assistance for which the student is eligible.
23. Wallace Community College
Established : 1947
Website : www.wallace.edu
No. of Students : 3,958
Contact No : (334) 983-3521
George C. Wallace State Technical Trade School was established by the Alabama Regional Trade School Act of 1947. In 1955, the name of the institution was changed to George C. Wallace State Vocational Trade School, and on May 3, 1963, by decree of the Alabama State Legislature, the institution became George C. Wallace State Technical Junior College. In response to a recommendation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS), the technical school and junior college were united in 1969 to form South Alabama's first comprehensive community college.
Health Sciences
Career Technical
Dual Enrollment/Dual Credit Students
Non-Traditional Careers
Gainful Employment (GE) Program Disclosures
Wallace Community College (WCC), formally known as George C. Wallace State Community College, is a two-year institution of higher learning located in Dothan, Alabama. As of 2009, the college has three campuses: the Wallace Campus in Dothan, the Sparks Campus in Eufaula, and the Fort Rucker Center.
Wallace Community College admits all students who have the capability to benefit from institutional programs and courses. This open-door policy grants admission to first-time college students, transfer students, transient students, audit students, early admission students, dual enrollment-dual credit students, international students, and students seeking readmission. The Admissions and Records Office is the unit responsible for administering all admissions policies and procedures for general admission to the College.
The primary purpose of student financial assistance programs at Wallace Community College is to assist students with meeting the cost of their education. While all students are encouraged to apply it is ultimately the responsibility of the student and his/her family to finance their education. Financial assistance is meant to supplement the amount you and your family contribute, not replace it. There are many sources of financial aid, including federal, state and local funds. The main types of assistance available to students are grants, scholarships and work-study. Wallace Community College does not participate in any federal student loan program.
24. Wallace Community College Selma
Established : 1963
Website : www.wccs.edu
No. of Students : 1,938
Contact No : (334)876-9227
Email : email@example.com
Wallace Community College Selma is a member of the Alabama College Association, the largest system of higher education in Alabama. The Alabama College System is more than 30 years old and has served more than 1 million Alabamians with an enrollment of more than 100,000 today. WCCS is fully accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) under the Commission on Colleges (COC). WCCS nursing programs (LPN & ADN) are accredited by the Alabama State Board of Nursing, and the ADN program is accredited by the National League of Nursing (NLN).
George Corley Wallace State Community College (referred to as Wallace Community College Selma or WCCS) is a community college in Selma, Alabama. WCCS fields baseball and basketball teams as a member of the Alabama Community College Conference of the National Junior College Athletic Association.
WCCS is a fully accredited, comprehensive community college that offers the first two years of transferable college courses in all academic areas of study. WCCS has a warm, friendly environment and small classes that create a personal atmosphere where each student's input is vital.
"Student Financial Aid" means money — money to help finance expenses for a student attending a postsecondary school. Some of the family's income, supplemented by some of its assets, is expected to be used for this education; the student is also expected to help. When these sources are not enough, student aid may be available to bridge the gap. Wallace Community College Selma offers various types of student financial aid.
25. Wallace State Community College
Established : 1966
Website : www.wallacestate.edu
No. of Students : 7,000
Contact No : (404)679-4500
Wallace State is a part of a system that serves the needs of more than 300,000 individuals and has been conservatively estimated to produce a $3 billion annual economic impact on this state and in our communities. The real impact, however, is in improving the lives of students through education.
Technical programs
Adult Education
Continuing Education
Workforce Development
ACLS Certification
The college campus is in Hanceville, Alabama.
Wallace State Community College maintains an "open door" admissions policy. All students who have earned a high school diploma or GED are eligible for admission. In addition to submitting an application for admission, students are required to supply the College with an official copy of their high school transcript or an official copy of their GED scores. Students transferring from another college must submit an admissions application and an official copy of their transcript(s) from each college they have attended.
Wallace State now offers a deferred tuition payment plan which allows students to pay 50% of their total charges (financial aid funds will be applied first, if available), plus a $40.00 processing fee by the payment deadline, and pay the remaining balance by the mid-point of the semester. This is an effort to assist students who are unable to pay 100% of their charges at one time. Students wishing to take advantage of this option must sign a Payment Deferment Agreement form with the Business Office first, and then pay the total amount of 50% of the total charges plus the $40.00 processing fee before the end of registration (the Business Office will assist you in calculating the amount due).


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When I was in design school I spent a lot of time at Printed Matter, an archive of art and design publications in NYC. This is where I first saw Josef Albers' Interaction of Color in all of its hefty 20-lb glory. Originally published in 1963, the book collects hundreds of printed silkscreen color studies as well as essays about Albers' philosophy of color. What was so great about the book is that it was actually interactive, in that you could pull and arrange colors to study the contrast and coordination of color. Yale University just released a beautiful iPad version of the book.
Liz Stinson wrote about the book over at Wired: "Designed by New York City-based Potion Design, the Interaction of Color app is about as close as most of us will get to the original version of Albers' masterpiece, which today primarily lives in special collections and museums. The app is nearly an exact digital replica of the 1963 version of the book, down to the original Baskerville typeface and layout of the text columns—but with some 21st century upgrades. "We were really thinking, how can we go back to the original intent of Albers' book, and make something that he would've made today," says Phillip Tiongson, one of the founders of Potion.""
As much as I enjoyed the tangibility of the original book, this is one instance in which I really prefer the digital version, not just for its transportability (though, that is nice) but really because I think Albers would have celebrated the digitization of his book. He was a meticulous painter, but above all, he was always a forward-thinking philosopher who pushed people to think beyond their own conceptions. He once said, "Art is to create, not to revive. To revive: leave that to the historians who are looking backward." The digital version is a piece of art just as the original book--and now a new generation of designers (and color-enthusiasts) who likely would never see the original will be able to connect to Albers' theories.

subset: commoncrawl


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Don Chute
The Memphis Street Rod Club met on Monday, 4-1-2013 at NSA for the monthly meeting with over 50 members and guests in attendance. Thanks to the April hosts, Bill Holt, Bob Beeson, Jim Traylor, Dave Freeman and Don Chute for arranging for the good meal of barbequed pulled pork, pork ribs and chicken with baked beans and potato salad and topped off with banana pudding for dessert and iced tea to drink. The food was catered by the BAR-B-QUE PIT in Olive Branch, MS. President Mike Lyon opened the meeting welcoming all in attendance and thanking the men responsible for arranging for and setting up the meeting's meal. The first order of business was the club's website and some changes that have been made to help everyone to keep up with all the activities of the club by checking the club's website regularly so you'll know what's going on in a more timely manner. The newsletter keeps up with most going on events but you only get a newsletter once a month and an event may have come and gone before you see a newsletter. If you check the website, you will be up to date instantly. The newsletter will still be available to those who don't do computers if you let the editor know it. Call Don at the number on the back page of your newsletter. The Prez. called on VP Ed Bloodworth to give an up to date accounting of upcoming cruises, car shows etc., where they are and when. One popular show with our club is the "Bunny Run" in Jackson, TN. April 20-22 at Fairgrounds Park. (www.bunnyrun.info) Ed said cruisin' is happening in Bartlett and Olive Branch. I couldn't hear the other places that were mentioned. I heard someone mention a car show in Germantown (4-13-13) sponsored by the Kiwanis Club. The Prez. wrestled control of the meeting from Eddie announcing that rooms for the Delta River Cruisin' show are available for reservation now if you call Sam's Town at Tunica. Mike also mentioned that any kind of a motorized cart has to be registered and insured with proof before allowed at the show. Mike called on master of ticket drawing, George Poteet to draw 2 winning numbers for the big cash "glad I came prize." Mike Jumper went home with $107 and Butch Campbell with $108. Rolling in it!! Next month's meeting will be held at the same place with David Meek, Larry Lewis, Richard Bouler, Hugo Whitten, Steve Fedor and Bill Mullis hosting.
GIRL WITH THE APPLE (true story) The sky was gloomy that morning as we waited anxiously. All the men, women and children of Piotrkow's Jewish ghetto had been herded into a square. Word had gotten around that we were being moved. My father had only recently died from typhus, which had run rampant through the crowded ghetto. My greatest fear was that our family would be separated. "Whatever you do,4/9/2013" Isidore, my eldest brother, whispered to me, "don't tell them your age. Say you're sixteen." I was tall for a boy of 11, so I could pull it off. That way I might be deemed valuable as a worker. An SS man approached me, boots clicking against the cobblestones. He looked me up and down, and then asked my age. "Sixteen," I said. He directed me to the left, where my three brothers and other healthy young men already stood. My mother was motioned to the right with the other women, children, sick and elderly people. I whispered to Isidore, "Why?" He didn't answer. I ran to Mama's side and said I wanted to stay with her. "No," she said sternly. "Get away. Don't be a nuisance. Go with your brothers." She had never spoken so harshly before. But I understood: She was protecting me. She loved me so much that, just this once, she pretended not to. It was the last I ever saw of her. My brothers and I were transported to Germany in a cattle car. We arrived at Buchenwald concentration camp one night later and were led into a crowded barrack. The next day, we were issued uniforms and identification numbers. "Don't call me Herman anymore." I said to my brothers. " Call me 94983." I was put to work in the camp's crematorium, loading the dead into a hand cranked elevator. I, too, felt dead. Hardened, I become a number. Soon, my brothers and I were sent to Schlieben, one of Buchenwald's sub-camps near Berlin… One morning I thought I heard my mother's voice. "Son," she said softly but clearly, I am going to send you an angel." Then I woke up. Just a dream. A beautiful dream. But in this place there could be no angels. There was only work. And hunger. And fear. A couple days later, I was walking around the camp, around the barracks, near the barbed wire fence where the guards could not easily see. I was alone. On the other side of the fence, I spotted someone: a little girl with light, almost luminous curls. She was half hidden behind a birch tree. I glanced around to make sure no one saw me. I called to her softly in German. "Do you have something to eat?" She didn't understand. I inched closer to the fence and repeated the question in Polish. She stepped forward. I was thin and gaunt, with rags wrapped around my feet, but the girl looked unafraid. In her eyes, I saw life. She pulled an apple from her woolen jacket and threw it over the fence. I grabbed the fruit and as I started to run away, I heard her say faintly, "I'll see you tomorrow." I returned to the same spot by the fence at the same time every day. She was always there with something for me to eat-a hunk of bread or, better yet an apple. We didn't dare linger or speak. To be caught would mean death for both of us. I didn't know anything about her, just a kind farm girl, except she understood Polish. What was her name? Why was she risking her life for me? Hope was in such short supply, and this girl on the other side of the fence gave me some, as nourishing in its way as bread and apples. Nearly seven months later, my brothers and I were crammed into a coal car and shipped to Theresienstadt camp in Czechoslovakia…"Don't return," I told the girl that day. "We're leaving." I turned towards the barracks and didn't look back, didn't even say good by to the little girl whose name I'd never learned, the girl with the apples. We were in Theresienstadt for three months. The war was winding down and Allied Forces were closing in, yet my fate seemed sealed. On May 10, 1945, I was scheduled to die in the gas chamber at 10:00A.M. In the quiet of dawn, I tried to prepare myself. So many times death tried to claim me but somehow I'd survived. Now it was over. I thought of my parents. At least, I thought we will be reunited. But at 8:00 A.M. there was a commotion. I heard shouts, and saw people running every which way through camp. I caught up with my brothers. Russian troops had liberated the camp! The gates swung open. Everyone was running, so I did too. Amazingly, all of my brothers had survived; I'm not sure how. But I knew the girl with the apples had been the key to my survival. In a place where evil seemed triumphant, one person's goodness had saved my life, had given me hope in a place where there was none. My mother had promised to send me an angel, and an angel had come. Eventually I made my way to England where I was sponsored by a Jewish Charity, put up in a hostel with other boys who had survived the Holocaust and trained in Electronics. Then I came to America, where my brother Sam had already moved.. I served in the U.S. Army during the Korean War and returned to New York after two years. By August 1957 I'd opened my own electronics repair shop. I was starting to settle in. One day, my friend Sid who I knew from England called me. "I've got a date. She's got a Polish friend. Let's double date." A blind date? Nah, that wasn't for me. But Sid kept pestering me, and a few days later we headed up to the Bronx to pick up his date and her friend Roma. I had to admit, for a blind date this wasn't so bad. Roma was a nurse at a Bronx hospital. She was kind and smart. Beautiful too, with swirling brown curls and green, almond shaped eyes that sparkled with life. The four of us drove out to Coney Island. Roma was easy to talk to, easy to be with. Turned out she was wary of blind dates too! We were both doing our friends a favor. We took a stroll on the boardwalk, enjoying the salty Atlantic breeze, and then had dinner by the shore. I couldn't remember having a better time. We piled back into Sid's car, Roma and I in the backseat. As European Jews who had survived the war, we were aware that much had been left unsaid between us. She broached the subject, "Where were you," she asked softly, "during the war?" "The camps," I said. The terrible memories still vivid, the irreparable loss…I had tried to forget. But you can never forget. She nodded. "My family was hiding on a farm in Germany, not far from Berlin," she told me. "My father knew a priest, and he got us Aryan papers." I imagined how she must have suffered too, fear, a constant companion. And yet here we were both survivors, in a new world. "There was a camp next to the farm." Roma continued. "I saw a boy there and I would throw him apples everyday."What an amazing coincidence that she had helped some other boy. "What did he look like? I asked. He was tall and skinny and hungry. I must have seen him everyday for six months." My heart was racing. I couldn't believe it. This couldn't be. "Did he tell you one day not to come back because he was leaving Schlieben?" Roma looked at me in amazement. "Yes!" "That was me!" I was ready to burst with joy and awe, flooded with emotions. I couldn't believe it! My angel. "I'm not letting you go." I said to Roma. And in the back of the car on that blind date, I proposed to her. I didn't want to wait. "You're crazy!" she said. But she invited me to meet her parents for Shabbat dinner the following week. There was so much I looked forward to learning about Roma, but the most important things I already knew: her steadfastness, her goodness. For many months, in the worst of circumstances, she had come to the fence and given me hope. Now that I have found her again, I could never let her go. That day she said yes. And I kept my word. After 50 years of marriage, two children and three grandchildren, I have never let her go. Herman Rosenblat, Miami Beach, FL.
HUMOR •SAINT PETER is sitting at the Pearly Gates when two black guys and two Mexican guys arrive. He looked out through the Gates and said "Wait here, I will be right back." St. Peter goes over to God's chambers and tells him who is waiting for entrance. God says to Peter: "How many times do I have to tell you, you can't be racist and judgmental here. This is heaven. All are loved. All are brothers. Go back and let them in!" St. Peter goes back to the Gates, looks around and lets out a heavy sigh. He returns to God's chambers and says "Well, they're gone." "Who, the black guys or the Mexican guys, asked God?" "No, The Pearly Gates." St. Peter said.•THE SENILITY PRAYER Grant me the senility to forget the people I never liked anyway, the good fortune to run into the ones I do, and the eyesight to tell the difference. •JUST before the funeral services, the undertaker came up to the very elderly widow and asked "How old was your husband?" "98," she replied: "Two years older than me" "So you're 96," the undertaker commented. She responded, "Hardly worth going home, is it?" •REPORTERS interviewing a 104-year-old woman:"And what do you think is the best thing about being 104?" the reporter asked. She simply replied, "No peer pressure."•I feel like my body has gotten totally out of shape, so I got my doctor's permission to join a fitness club and start exercising. I decided to take an aerobics class for seniors. I bent, twisted, gyrated, jumped up and down, and perspired for an hour.. But, by the time I got my leotards on, the class was over. •My memory's not as sharp as it used to be. Also, my memory's not as sharp as it used to be.•Know how to prevent sagging? Just eat till the wrinkles fill out. •It's scary when you start making the same noises as your coffee maker. •Always REMEMBER this: You don't stop laughing because you grow old, You grow old because you stop laughing…
FOR SALE: 1956 Buick convertible-needs restored ($12,500) 1965 Chev. Impala convertible complete needs restored ($6,500) 1958 T-Bird complete, needs restored ($2,500) 1935 Ford 2 dr. sedan ($800) 1936 Ford 4 dr. sedan ($800) 1940 Ford pickup ($800) Call Tommy Starkey 662.429.8402
FOR SALE: 1 pr. 6 way power seats out of Jeep Cherokee fits coupe/pickup/4 dr/will not fold. ($125) Ford 4 speed trans., Rebuilt C6 Ford trans w/converter. 518 trans w/overdrive. Volarie front clip-disk, power steering w/pump. Call L.C.Jones 337.2715
FOR SALE: 93/94 Chevrolet V6 engine 2/computer, needs alternator and A/C compressor only. Used 40,000 miles. ($750) Call Robert Inman 867.3184
Food Supply for Meetings:
Affordable Catering (Lisa) 744.0123
Leonards's Pit Barbeque 360.1963
The BAR-B-QUE PIT 662.890.3748
Central BBQ Catering 272.9377 or 767.4672
Driveline is published at 1108 Poplar View Lane N., Collierville, TN 38017-9323 We reserve the right to approve all components of this newsletter and welcome comments and suggestions for changes and additions. If you have something you would like to put into Driveline,
Call Don Chute @901.853.2000 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com


text: As reported by Charles Cooper on CNET.com, the wily old media mogul, Rupert Murdoch, in a recent lecture sponsored by the Australian Broadcast Corporation said that with newspapers cutting back, and predictions of even worse times ahead, "the print media may still have a bright future, if it can shake free of reporters and editors who he said have forfeited the trust and loyalty of their readers."Murdoch, a scion of the established media opined: My summary of the way some of the established media has responded to the Internet is this: It's not newspapers that might become obsolete. It's some of the editors, reporters, and proprietors who are forgetting a newspaper's most precious asset: the bond with its readers. The complacency stems from having enjoyed a monopoly--and now finding they have to compete for an audience they once took for granted. The condescension that many show their readers is an even bigger problem. It takes no special genius to point out that if you are contemptuous of your customers, you are going to have a hard time getting them to buy your product. Newspapers are no exception. In other words, Murdoch is saying that editors aren't pandering to their "customers" enough; aren't giving them what they want like his newspapers, such as the smarmy NY Post are. The fact that he refers to his readers as customers reveals that he believes he's in the advertising delivery business, not the legitimate news business.Murdoch is such a hypocrite. He's apparently blaming "complacent" and "contemptuous" newspaper reporters and editors for the decline of newspaper circulation and advertising revenue because of readers switching to the Internet. That's like blaming horses for the decline in the sale of buggy whips because of the invention of the automobile.And what was Murdoch's response to the decline in newspaper circulation? It was to journalistically whore up a once-decent newspaper, the NY Post. He's blaming "complacent" and "contemptuous" editors for newspaper declines in circulation and revenue, yet his gossip rag, the NY Post, is losing over $40 million a year as a vanity publishing venture because respectable, big-spending advertisers won't touch its noxious content with a ten-foot pole. The Post's editors are not contemptuous of their readers, they give them what they want – trash – and it costs Murdoch millions.


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New Lens Peace Rally at Central High School
Schools have been a target for a lot of violence in the recent months not only in Minnesota but nationwide. To bring awareness to this violence and to promote change and peace, B.A.M. the New Lens Branch of Central High School decided to organize a peace rally for the end of the school year at Central High School. The rally was extremely successful, there were artists and speakers from all walks of life presenting in front of the whole school to promote positivity and peace.


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The lineup for the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Championship play-offs will be confirmed when the qualifying group stage reaches an exciting climax on Tuesday, with half the sections still to be settled.
Switzerland, Croatia, Ukraine, Greece and the Netherlands have secured their places in Friday's draw by winning their pools, but the other five are unresolved going into the last matchday. The ten group winners qualify for the play-offs alongside the four best runners-up.
Having beaten second-placed Russia 3-0 on Friday, Romania can afford a two-goal defeat when the sides meet again in St Petersburg and still finish top of Group 1. A similar situation exists in Group 5, where Iceland must overcome pacesetters the Czech Republic by two goals to guarantee their place in next month's knockout round. However, the Czechs are already assured of a place in the draw as one of the best runners-up at least.
In Group 3 leaders Wales require a point in Pescara against five-time winners and nearest challengers Italy. If the Azzurrini fail to win they will be overtaken in second by Hungary should Antal Róth's team prevail at home to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sweden, meanwhile, will wrap up Group 6 with a draw away to bottom-of-the-table Bulgaria.
The picture is less clear in Group 10. Belarus, Austria and Scotland are all level on 14 points, with the latter two meeting in Aberdeen. Scotland will advance as pool winners if they triumph due to a better head-to-head record against their two rivals, while Austria know that victory would only be enough to top the group if Belarus fail to beat Azerbaijan.
There is plenty at stake elsewhere, too, as teams seek to enhance their prospects of finishing as one of four runners-up with the best record against teams finishing first, third, fourth and fifth in their sections.


text: I did not realize you could not only subscribe to a thread(forum discussion), product category, product, wiki/article, you can also subscribe to a user. In other words if there is a user you that you like following you can subscribe to them and every time they post an article, review etc you will get notified. I like Jim's writing very much so I subscribed to him.


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Healthy Geezer: Allergies, sinusitis, hair
Saturday, February 16, 2019 by FRED CICETTI in Focus
Q. What are allergy shots?
Allergy shots, also known as immunotherapy, are a series of scheduled injections meant to desensitize you to specific allergens, which are substances that trigger an allergic response.
The usual schedule is one shot once or twice a week for about three to six months. After that, you'll need one shot about once a month for three to five years.
Allergy shots are commonly used to treat allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and asthma. Allergy shots may also control allergic reactions to stinging insects, such as bees, yellow jackets, hornets and wasps.
Healthy Geezer: A little bit of chocolate
Friday, February 8, 2019 by FRED CICETTI in Focus
Q. I eat a little chocolate every day. How bad is that for me?
You didn't say how much chocolate you eat daily. If you eat a chocolate Easter bunny a day, there is an obvious risk of becoming overweight. However, a little chocolate has health benefits.
A recent Harvard study suggested that a bit of high-quality dark chocolate one to three times a month may protect women from heart failure.
Healthy Geezer: How to achieve long life
Saturday, February 2, 2019 by FRED CICETTI in Focus
Q. What are your best recommendations for achieving a long life?
The American Geriatrics Society's Foundation for Health in Aging offers a Top 10 list for longevity that can't be beat. Here's an edited version of the list. The cliches are mine.
1. Go Over The Rainbow: You need fewer calories when you get older. Choose nutrient-rich foods like brightly-colored fruits and vegetables. Eat a range of colors. The more varied the colors, the wider the range of nutrients you're likely to get.
Healthy Geezer: Three from email bag
Friday, January 25, 2019 by FRED CICETTI in Focus
Q. How does acupuncture work?
Studies show that stimulating "acupoints" causes multiple biologic responses. The stimulation can prompt the release of the body's natural pain-killing endorphins.
By the 3rd century B.C., the Chinese documented a medical system based on qi (pronounced "chee"), a concept of vital energy believed to flow throughout the body.
Healthy Geezer: Deflate that spare tire
Friday, January 18, 2019 by FRED CICETTI in Focus
Q. What kind of exercise should I do to get rid of this big gut I'm carrying around?
Exercise alone will not do the job. Strengthening abdominal muscles can help you look tighter and thinner. Spot exercises won't banish belly fat.
The real secret to losing belly fat is a balanced, calorie-controlled diet and one hour a day of moderate activity such as brisk walking.
If you are going to do abdominal exercises, which ones work best? Most people figure that doing sit-ups is the logical solution. There are better ways to attack the middle.
Healthy Geezer: Stay cool outdoors
Thursday, January 10, 2019 by FRED CICETTI in Focus
Q. I'm 74 and I don't seem to be able to endure hot weather the way I used to when I was younger. Is this a common experience as we age?
Yes. I don't play golf when it's more than 90 degrees Fahrenheit because it makes me a bit woozy even if I drink a lot of water and seek out the shade. My reaction to heat is caused by blood pressure drugs that I take, my advanced age, and some extra pounds I'm struggling to lose.
Too much heat can make you sick. Heat-related conditions come under the heading, "hyperthermia," which means "high heat."
Healthy Geezer: heart, germs, atrial
Friday, January 4, 2019 by FRED CICETTI in Focus
Q. What can you do to prevent heart failure?
There are a number of things that you can do to reduce risk of coronary artery disease and heart failure.
For starters, you should keep the following levels down: body weight, cholesterol, blood pressure, sugar, alcohol and salt. Exercise regularly. If you smoke, quit.
The most common symptoms of heart failure include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling, which usually occurs in the ankles, feet and legs. Swelling is caused by fluid buildup in the body and can lead to weight gain, frequent urination and a cough.
Healthy Geezer: Contact dermatitis
Thursday, December 20, 2018 by FRED CICETTI in Focus
Q. What causes rashes?
The most common cause of a rash is contact dermatitis, an inflammation of the skin that comes from direct contact with irritants or allergens. A red, itchy rash from contact dermatitis isn't contagious, and usually goes away in two to four weeks.
Irritants or allergens include: detergents, soaps, makeup, deodorant, clothing, chemicals, rubber, metals, jewelry, fragrances, plants and medicinal lotions.
There are two types of contact dermatitis.
Irritant contact dermatitis is caused by a substance such as bleach that irritates the skin.
Healthy Geezer: How to reduce sodium
Friday, December 14, 2018 by FRED CICETTI in Focus
Second of two parts
High-sodium diets are linked to increased blood pressure and a greater risk for heart disease and stroke. Reducing the amount of sodium you consume can help lower blood pressure or prevent heart disease from developing.
The Healthy Geezer: High-sodium diet
Friday, December 7, 2018 by FRED CICETTI in Focus
First of two parts
Q. I've noticed that food labels list sodium content, but the numbers mean nothing to me. How much is bad?
Diet experts recommend a daily consumption of less than 2,300 milligrams (mg), which is the amount of sodium in a teaspoon of table salt.
If you have high blood pressure, your doctor may advise limiting yourself to 1,500 mg of sodium a day. The average daily intake among United States citizens is 3,400 mg.


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Women's Heart Advisor April 2017 Issue
Women's Heart Advisor Ask The Doctors: April 2017
I'm a 37-year-old woman who reads Heart Advisor, because I subscribed for my mother and stepfather. I find it very educational, because I am interested in doing everything I can to lower my risk of heart disease after losing my father to a heart attack way too young. Recently I read a news clip that a first pregnancy resulting in a preterm birth increased the chances the mother would develop heart disease later in life. My first child, now age 6, was born at 35 weeks' gestation. Does that put me at increased risk?
It does appear that giving birth early increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease later. It's not the only risk factor in young women: Other factors that increase risk include gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.
Recently, a study of more than 71,000 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study (Circulation online Feb. 2, 2017) found that those who gave birth pre-term were more likely to be obese, smoke, and have existing hypertension or high cholesterol and a family history of heart disease. These are pre-existing risk factors for a heart attack. Other women had other risk factors that included diabetes and post-delivery development of chronic hypertension. So it's very hard to determine the degree of risk conferred by preterm delivery in these�patients.
Because of your family history of heart disease, you should be doing everything you can to maintain ideal cardiovascular health (see "Are You At Risk for Heart Disease?" on page 5). Working with your doctor to lower your risk will give you the best chance of overcoming your family history of the�disease.
I just had bypass surgery and am relieved that everything went well. My doctor insists I start cardiac rehabilitation in four weeks. It'll be a hassle to get there, since I can't drive yet. Is it really�necessary?
Yes. I would emphasize that it's very necessary. Cardiac rehab has proven to lower the risk of death, as well as a first or second heart attack, but maybe not for the reason you think. Certainly, cardiac rehab involves appropriate, monitored exercise designed to strengthen your heart muscle. But it may be the counseling on lifestyle changes that makes the biggest difference.
A cardiac rehab program assesses patients for risk factors and educates them on nutrition, physical activity, smoking cessation, blood pressure, cholesterol and other blood lipids and diabetes. It also helps them manage psychological and social factors that can be detrimental to heart�health.
Some of these risk factors played a role in your need for bypass surgery, so figuring out which ones, and what to do about them, is the way to prevent a heart attack or more heart surgery. After all, having the surgery is just the first step. The disease that caused the need for surgery will go on unchecked until you take steps to slow down its progress.
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One of Justin Bieber's mentors, Drake, has been talking about the younger star's remix of his song Trust Issues, and admitted he wished that the swearing had stayed in the song.
In an interview with MTV News, Drake explained:
"I wish he would've left all the cuss words in it. I feel like that would've been so G, if he would've done all the swearing.
"I was excited when I heard he remixed it, because there was like a gang of swearing in that song.
"I was like, 'Oh, we're about to hear the transformation of Bieber'."
Do you think it's a good thing that Justin censored it for his fans? Or should he have just kept it as is?


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Introducing InsideOut!
Before Element's Sunday service, we had the opportunity to start our InsideOut program! Element MS students became the teachers and spent an hour preparing and teaching our Joytown kids various Bible stories, crafts, and sports. Each middle school student even got to lead their own Joytown small group
We'll be continuing our Inside Out program until the end of May. 'Til then, let's keep teaching!


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In Donna Zuckerberg's new book, Not All Dead White Men (Harvard University Press 2018), the journalist and Classics professor explores the largely digital world of the Red Pill, an umbrella term for groups that include the Alt-Right, the Manosphere, Identity Evropa, and other groups motivated by the promotion and elevation of, as Zuckerberg terms it, an "ideal white masculinity." Reddit and Twitter in particular provide these groups with one of the most dangerous and antique of powers: Anonymity. Beyond social media connectivity, a common characteristic of these groups is that they frequently appropriate culture, texts, symbols, and art from the ancient world of Greece and Rome in order to legitimize their perspectives.
Reinterpreting cultural touchstones is a well-worn tactic for claiming legitimacy; a strategy adopted by French Revolutionaries, Italian Fascists, and—most infamously—the Nazis. As is their modus operandi, even the term "red pill" is a misinterpreted appropriation; a reference to the sci-fi film The Matrix (1999). In the movie, the red pill offered by Morpheus (Laurence Fishburne) represents knowledge, freedom, and the acceptance of a brutal reality. Paradoxically, Red Pill communities are not particularly invested in acquiring knowledge through intellectual inquiry or the reading of primary sources. And the only freedom they are often interested in is liberty for themselves, rather than freedom for women, immigrants, people of color, liberals, or Jews.
The main forum for Red Pill groups can be located on Reddit at /r/TheRedPill. Zuckerberg remarks that this digital hub has grown from 138,000 in 2016 to over 230,000 in early 2018. As of the writing of this review, there were 291,000. Despite their derogating criticism of social media platforms such as Facebook, Red Pill communities have been connected, amplified, and emboldened by their use of other platforms like Reddit. Since November of 2016, they have coalesced online around their presumptive standard-bearer: Donald Trump.
References to the ancient world abound in the iconography and ideological justifications of these groups, even if they often misunderstand, omit, or ignore important components of classical culture. Identity Evropa, for example, loves the "whiteness" of classical statues even though they were originally painted in vibrant colors. Steve Bannon and other members within the alt-right with a history of homophobia have latched onto the history of Sparta and ancient Greece, while also selectively ignoring the prevalence of same sex relationships in such communities. Any glimpse of ancient female empowerment is similarly dismissed. On the Red Pill site Return of Kings, columnist Ken Bourne responded to the evidence for the economic and social empowerment of women in ancient Sparta by partially blaming women for the city's ultimate demise:
Clearly, women's rights in ancient Sparta was self-defeating, as the reduction in population weakened the army that held up the economic system in the first place. Hopefully, we can learn from history and try to correct the mistakes of the past.
Zuckerberg points out that these predominantly cisgender communities have turned ancient history into a replicable meme, a canvas upon which to project their own constructs of white male superiority and "the West," rather than an earnest attempt to understand the past. These groups perpetuate the twin myths of martyrdom and false nostalgia, cultivating homesickness for a past that never existed.
Zuckerberg's approach is broadly accessible to those who do not study Classics and to those who do. All Latin and Greek is translated. The book's stated emphasis is on the gender politics of the Red Pill communities rather than the racial ones. Her justification is that the gender dynamics are more intelligible and coherent than the white supremacist ideologies of many, but not all, of these groups. Misogyny is easy to locate and to cite in the texts from antiquity, but biological race was not a recognized category in the ancient world.[1] As historian of slavery Omar H. Ali has stated, race is not a product of genetics or biology, but is rather a "function of power." Ali remarks that the empowered also create definitions for society: "(those in power disproportionately determine standards of beauty, morality, comportment, and intellect), race, like all other identities, has been a constructed and shifting term in world history."[2] Analyzing how white men have created and imposed definitions that benefit themselves is pivotal to understanding both racism and misogyny in our current political climate.
The book is organized into four chapters with an introduction and conclusion focused on issues of sexual violence; Red Pill perceptions of "female privilege"; the modern manipulation of Stoicism as a masculine philosophy; the use of Ovid by pickup artists; and the obsession with false rape allegations perpetuated within many Red Pill communities. While the book does supply quotes from classical texts, the focus is on reconstructing and discerning a modern methodology. The value in these chapters is ultimately to show the consistent methods of marginalization and manipulation in a small but loud online community.
In the process, she is open and honest about her own family connections to Facebook, her experiences living in Silicon Valley, and the intense harassment and antisemitism that she faced from Red Pill groups online following her November 2016 Eidolon article: "How to be a Good Classicist Under a Bad Emperor." In turn, I should also be transparent in my connections to this book and its authors. I have written for Eidolon and have also leaned on Prof. Zuckerberg when I underwent a similar period of harassment over a year ago. This likely makes me a biased reviewer of her work, but I can confirm that the tactics and common invective of which she speaks are a reality.
Not All Dead White Men underscores a tendency within these communities (one that was also prevalent among early modern male European historians and art historians): the preference for a grand narrative that depends on carefully selected anecdotes rather than careful analysis of comprehensive statistics. Such arguments cherry-pick selective textual or aesthetic examples and then cast them as illustrative of the whole. Such an approach is practiced more broadly, for example, by those who desire to discredit allegations of rape and sexual assault. Although only a small number (around 2 and at most 10%) of rape reports are estimated to be false, men's rights groups within the Red Pill community often use one case of false rape allegations as evidence of the nefarious motives of all women who report sexual violence.
Oftentimes, the book feels visceral. Zuckerberg's remark that "it is easier [for Red Pill groups] to fathom the idea that lying is inherent in female nature than to grapple with the inconsistent data about false allegations" became all too relevant in the midst of the negative backlash from many conservatives to Dr. Christine Blasey Ford's testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee. The narrative that women seek social and political vengeance through sexual assault allegations is a common refrain in Red Pill groups that has now seeped into the mainstream with devastating results.
In the book, Zuckerberg rightfully points to the statistics on false rape allegations, estimating it at perhaps closer to 8%. Yet FBI and academic studies on the topic are not generally accepted by Red Pill groups. Instead, they point to the 2006 Duke Lacrosse case or the 2014 rape alleged at the University of Virginia published in an article for Rolling Stone as examples that demonstrate their belief that most sexual assault allegations are false. We can see a parallel in terms of anecdotal argumentation with the manipulative way that University of Iowa student Mollie Tibbetts' death was used by many conservative media outlets to justify their thesis that illegal immigration laws were necessary and that sanctuary cities should be made illegal. Red Pill groups often perform selective, privileged, and filtered reading of the sources they wish to weaponize.
In 2017, only a few months after the election of Donald Trump, The Washington Post added a new motto to their masthead: "Democracy Dies in Darkness." Amazon owner Jeff Bezos said he had originally heard the phrase from legendary journalist Bob Woodward and wanted to add the slogan after acquiring ownership of the newspaper. To his mind, solid journalism was the light that would dispel the shadows and point to the truth. This book will no doubt incense those within many Red Pill communities, but Prof. Zuckerberg did not write this book for them. She wrote it for the thousands of readers who are unaware of the ideas and methods that these shadow communities employ.
Within the field of Classics, Prof. Zuckerberg and many of the writers at Eidolon, the journal she helped to found and which she remains editor-in-chief of, view their role similarly. A new generation of classicists, archaeologists, and premodern historians have begun to realize that an insulated approach to scholarship is itself a form of privileged monasticism that we can no longer retreat to. In Not All Dead White Men, Zuckerberg looks into the crevices of the internet and into academia with a jussive command: "Fiat lux" (Let there be light). It is up to us to keep the lights on.
Dr. Sarah E. Bond is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Iowa and a regular contributor to Hyperallergic.com.
[1] See Denise Eileen McCoskey, Race : Antiquity and its legacy (London, 2012); "Bad to the Bone The Racist Application of DNA Science to Classical Antiquity" Eidolon (June 18, 2018).
[2] Omar H. Ali, "Constructing Race in World History," OUPBlog (February 26, 2016).


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HUNGER FREE AMERICATM (formerly known as the New York City Coalition Against Hunger) is a national nonprofit group building a nonpartisan, grass-roots membership movement to enact the policies and programs needed to end domestic hunger and ensure that all Americans have sufficient access to nutritious food.
Our long-term goal is not just to ameliorate the problem, but also to build the people's movement necessary to enact the economic and public policies needed to end hunger entirely. Given that hunger drains our economy and tears at our moral and civic fabric, we know that eliminating it will boost the nation both economically and spiritually. Towards that end, we've adopted the motto: "Ending hunger lifts us all."
"The work that NYCCAH does to fight against food insecurity is so important to our communities, and I am proud to have partnered with them over the years to help protect vital food benefits and ensure families at risk have access to food. Hunger Free America will continue NYCCAH's legacy by pushing for innovative, effective ways to end hunger, like the new hunger volunteer website and the hunger hotline. I look forward to working with Hunger Free America to help families in New York and across the country put food on the table." - U.S. Senator Kirsten Gillibrand
"Every day across this country, millions of America families struggle to put food on the table. The only way we can change this is by building strong coalitions of national, state, and local leaders to stand up for these families and I know that Hunger Free America will be a powerful part of that work. I've had the pleasure of working with NYCCAH over the years and I have no doubt Hunger Free America will continue their passionate work to give a voice to families in need and end hunger across this county. I look forward to working with Hunger Free America." - Congressman Jim McGovern, co-chair of the bipartisan Congressional Hunger Caucus
"(Hunger Free America is) one of the leading direct service and advocacy organizations on hunger and poverty in the nation" - The Nation
"If you want to support first-class advocacy to combat hunger, go with the NYC Coalition Against Hunger [now known as Hunger Free America], a persistent and persuasive voice on the ways and means to have fewer people go to bed on an empty stomach."
- Errol Louis, The New York Daily News
Our Programs
Advocacy, Research, and Policy: Our advocacy team is a voice for millions who struggle against U.S. hunger. One of the most effective and courageous advocacy groups in the nation, we work directly with elected officials on the city, state, and federal levels to advance policies to end hunger and promote economic justice. We played a key role in beating back Trump and House G.O.P. proposals to take billions of dollars in nutrition assistance away from millions of children, seniors, working people, veterans, people with disabilities, and unemployed people. We also conduct ground-breaking research and publish cutting-edge reports that propose bold – yet concrete and realistic – solutions to hunger and poverty.
AmeriCorps VISTA: Our AmeriCorps VISTA teams, operating across 24 states with 41 members in 2018, enable participants to serve the country while fighting hunger. In 2018, VISTAs recruited 1,691 volunteers and helped 3,014 households enroll in SNAP.
Benefits Access: Our team works to connect low-income New Yorkers with benefits to access food across all five boroughs. Our staff screens individuals for federal nutrition assistance programs, and helps them through the application and recertification process. Our VISTA program also increases access to nutrition benefits nationwide. Our Benefits Access team connected more than 3,000 low-income New Yorkers with benefits to access food across four of the five boroughs. We also distributed more than 200,000 free Neighborhood Guides to Food and Assistance to over 550 agencies in 2018.
Child Nutrition: Our child nutrition program works to ensure that every child in America has access to sufficient, nutritious food. By increasing participation in free summer meals and school breakfasts, we connect kids with the food they need in order to grow and thrive. We led successful efforts to get New York State Governor Andrew Cuomo to propose – and the State Legislature to enact into law – a mandate for all high-needs schools to serve breakfasts in first-period classrooms. As a result, hundreds of thousands of additional children state-wide will receive healthy breakfasts every school day.
Food Action Board (FAB): Our pioneering FAB program empowers low-income community members to fight for their own futures and build the anti-hunger movement by helping them develop their leadership, advocacy, and community organizing skills. FAB Members take on key positions and leadership roles in efforts at the city, state, and federal levels aimed at promoting food security and economic opportunity. In the past year, Hunger Free America has worked with 60 community members in five different under-resourced neighborhoods throughout New York City to fight for their own futures and build the anti-hunger movement by helping them develop their leadership, advocacy, and community organizing skills.
Strategic Volunteerism Program: Our ground-breaking Ending Hunger Through Citizen Service initiative connects people and groups with skills-based and high-impact volunteer opportunities that make the biggest difference in the national fight against hunger. Our newly launched web site, HungerVolunteer.org, offers hunger organizations and the public innovative strategies and tools for engaging volunteers in effective activities to build the capacity of nonprofit groups, increase participation in government nutrition assistance programs, and advocate for improved economic and governmental policies.
USDA Clearinghouse: Our USDA National Hunger Hotline is a resource for individuals and families seeking information about how to obtain emergency food. The Hotline staff connects callers with emergency food providers in their community, government assistance programs, and various social services such as SNAP, WIC, and Summer Meals. Working under contract from the federal government, in 2018, we enabled more than 20,000 individuals and families to access non-profit and government food resources.


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The Internet Loves Jocelyn Hudon and So Should You
The internet loves Jocelyn Hudon. If you google her, you'll get nothing but praise and acclaim as well as a twitter feed full of The Great British Bake off rants and Gilmore Girl references. She's currently shooting in Cape Town, but I was able to catch Jocelyn on her off time.
It's 12:30 am here in the Pacific North West but 9:30 am in Cape Town South Africa where Jocelyn is shooting a TV show called Ice, in which she has a reoccurring role in.
D: So I did my research, and the internet loves you, it has some really great things to say about you!
J: Oh yay thanks! I hope that never changes! She says bashfully laughing out loud.
Jocelyn's positive out look runs across all aspects of her life but especially her career. Although acting is not just a career for her, it's what she was always meant to do.
D: So you started off modeling but went into acting, was that switch hard?
J: I always wanted to be an actress and the way to get there for me was to go through modeling. You can't really get an agent if you don't have experience and you can't get experience if you don't have an agent. So I got in a few commercials through modeling and thought great, I can use this as means to get to where I want to go.
D: When did you know you wanted to start acting?
J: I had a different kind of path. I did University then I did my Post Graduate Program and then I was like, okay parents here are all my degrees…I'm going to be an actor now. So it's always been in the back of my head since I was really young.
D: How young?
J: Since I was born, I was like this is what I was meant to do. You almost have to come out as an actor. And its also not a traditional career for my family."
Its clear acting is a part of her, in the way music is in someone like Adele. Yeah, they've got the skill but they also have that something else that makes them special. If it wasn't cliché I would call it the "it" factor.
D: So when I "creeped" you online I found this old video on YouTube, It's a mock Nike commercial. Was that the first acting gig you ever had?
J: That was actually a school project she says laughing out loud.
That was my friend Alex's project, He used me as his model because we're really good friends and I had to play this homeless person. So many people tried to give me money and I was like no, no it's a school project!" She tells a story of how one man went into a store and bought her four Kit Kat bars. "I was like no no, I'm not poor I'm in school!
As much as that video will forever haunt her online, she has a bright future ahead of her. She will be shooting a movie with best Batman the 90's ever produced, Val Kilmer. (sorry George Clooney)
J: So that movie with Val Kilmer is a movie I'm shooting in Santa Barbara in January. Right now I'm shooting a TV show that films partly in Vancouver and partly in Cape Town… Its called Ice.
D: So since were on the topic of celebrities have you ever been Star struck?
J: My first acting job ever was with Adam Sandler (she's starts laughing as she remembers back) I love Adam Sandler, Mr.Deeds, I love that movie! I didn't freak out or anything. He was like "Hey Jocelyn", and I was like okay, this is normal. But one time I was at Runyon Canyon in LA, and I saw Charlie Hunnam and I love Sons of Anarchy! I was like "Oh My God", but I kept it inside and just kept walking.
D: I'm sure one day you'll be in a movie with him so you can't freak out.
J: I know I was like I have to play it cool! I can't be that freak who attacked him on Runyan!
D: Is there an particular genre of TV show or movie you are drawn to?
J: I think comedy but I just haven't really done any, I get a lot of sci-fi stuff
Jocelyn has a reoccurring role on The Strain which is TV thriller about vampires ravaging New York.
J: The Strain I liked, it's a vampire thriller, but what I would love to do would be a Tomb Raider action movie or a comedy. I'm a lead in a movie coming out around Christmas called The Christmas Wedding Planner. I felt like I could make it my own, hopefully it comes out funny! I made the character funny and clumsy, so that one comes out in December.
If you spend any time with Jocelyn you will recognize she has a talent to make you laugh, and it serves her well!
D: Your fairly active on twitter. What's the deal with 'The Great British Bake Off'?
She begins laughing,
J: Oh my gosh yeah I mostly tweet about Gilmore Girls and The Great British Bake Off! Have you seen it? It's great!
D: No I haven't.
J: It's very wholesome, it's all about these British people who are all very proper and nice!
D: You mentioned Gilmore Girls are you Lorelai or Rory?
Jocelyn struggles to answer.
J: Umm…I love both! Me personally I'm more like Lorelai, but I would love to be Rory, but I know that's not going to happen! she starts laughing
D: You tweeted a Tony Robins quote; Success is on the other side of rejection. Can you talk about a rejection that then lead to a success, have you ever had a moment like that?
She answers quickly.
J: Yeah I get rejected everyday. Sometimes you care so much about booking a job that you don't get and you're like, "Oh my God my life is over!" And then you get to go shoot a TV show in Africa! If I got some of the things, I thought I really wanted I wouldn't be where I am right now!
When I first started acting my agent got me an audition for a Soap Opera. I was like "Oh My God a Soap Opera!" She says in an excited tone. Do you know how happy I am I didn't get a Soap Opera? I would be stuck on that forever and I would not be able to do the things I'm getting to do right now.
On this subject Jocelyn is passionate. Acting is a tough job, but when you are born for something how can you deny yourself that very thing?
J: Yeah I get rejected more then I get not rejected. She says laughing.
D: You have a very positive outlook, where do you get that from?
J: My Mom is super positive she's like the most positive person ever! So it's just naturally in me.
D: You've been on a fair number of sets by now, what is the best piece of advice someone has given you?
J: The first thing that came to mind was when I took the opposite of someone's advice. Someone on set said to me. "You have to teach people how to treat you". Kind of in a snobby way. And I was like I'm not going to do that! When you are involved in a show everyone is equally important. So for an actor to act like they are more important and they should show how important they are, I was like I will never become like this. Sometimes seeing people with attitude teaches you how to never become like that.
D: We specialize in shooting with film at Terroir, so what would be something that you enjoy when it comes to shooting in film as supposed to digital?
J: Oh there is way more pressure! Which I like! You can't just redo every shot, so their is more importance on each picture.
Pressure is something Jocelyn might all ready have come accustom to. She's already being noticed by Hollywood gossip sites like justjared.com and it wont be long until you'll be talking about her to. Jocelyn's love for acting is evident in the roles she books and how much she works.
The internet loves Jocelyn Hudon and so should you.
Actor-Model: Jocelyn Hudon
Written by: David Karuhije
Photos by: Noah Asanias
Styling by: Hilary Erin
Beauty by: Dani Dyrland


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Exporting is a huge opportunity for your business. Small businesses across the nation are using exporting to increase their profits, so this would be a great benefit for your business, as well. Exporting is emerging as a new market to tap into for small business growth and job creation. It's a great time to jump on board and integrate exporting and international clients into your customer base because small businesses are the major source of job creation in the country.
Exporting and Small Business
Most industries define small businesses by the number of employees or the amount of revenue earned. In most cases, a small business is one that has 1-500 employees. More start-ups are gaining speed and are more likely to grow than any other subset of businesses. With the emergence of the new market of exporting, there will be more opportunity for small businesses to sustain themselves. The opportunities are boundless due to the fact that 95 percent of world consumers live outside of U.S. borders. So it's a safe assumption to think that targeting a portion – if not that entire group of international consumers – is a smart idea for any business. This is true if a business is product based or service related. A positive caveat to exporting is that a majority of companies that were in business during the recession were able to survive and stay afloat because they sold their goods and services overseas.
Entering into the exporting market does not have to be a difficult one. As a matter of fact, you can employ the same marketing strategies you use domestically. Because of innovation and particularly the use of the internet, offering services globally is an easy step to take. Companies have begun to create an international marketing plan. This is something that you can do for your business, and you can use existing marketing strategies that include content marketing, search engine optimization, and social media marketing to name a few. This will allow your business to tap into this new market and reap the benefits.
The Benefits of Exporting for Small Businesses
Small business owners who are choosing to export are finding there is a huge need for their company's products or services. This can be looked at as a win-win situation. The win for the business itself obviously is huge profits, and the win for the potential clients is new resources. Let's take a look at some additional benefits that are brought to small businesses through exporting:
· Increased growth
· Huge profits
· Additional markets
· Long product service life cycles
· More customers/clients
· Tax Advantages
· Improved Competiveness
Getting Started
How should you get started? Because of the popularity of this new market, there are many resources to help you get started, such as this guide from Entrepreneur. So let's go through a few steps to think about.
The first step toward exporting should be to decide which countries you wish to export to. Some businesses have chosen to start exporting to one country while other businesses have chosen to export to several countries. Obviously with technology, this arena lacks boundaries. However, when it comes to shipping and other expenses for your business, you should conduct some research and strategize accordingly. Yes, it's true as business owners we must research the cost of doing business as part of new initiatives. This is also the case with exporting. With that in mind, a second step in the process should be to research funding assistance opportunities for exporting.
The federal government understands the impact that global trade and exporting has on the economy. With the Small Business Job Acts of 2010, the U.S. government has created several funding opportunities for businesses that participate in exporting. Previously, there were grants made available to states that assisted eligible small businesses with exporting. This program was called State Trade and Export Promotion Pilot Grant. According to a January 2014 report by the Small Business Administration titled "Small Business Administration Trade and Export Promotion Programs," President Obama signed into law the Consolidated Appropriations Act, which provided $8 million for the STEP program in 2014. As part of the STEP program, the SBA provides three loan programs that specifically target exporters.
· Export Express Loan program, which provides working capital and financing for businesses that desire to expand exporting.
· Export Working Capital Loan program, which provides financing to support export orders from purchase order to final payment
· International Trade Loan program, which provides long-term financing to support businesses that are expanding because of growing export sales. It also supports businesses that need to update and modernize their systems to support exporting functions.
In addition, there are other SBA loans that support export-related activities. In 2013, the SBA export-related loans comprised of $1.2 billion in loans. To view all the grants available, visit the SBA website. So in addition to the markets and the opportunities that exist in exporting for small business, the funding is also there. So for those businesses that choose to take advantage of the opportunities that globalization offers, the federal government is making it possible through grant and loan opportunities.
Additionally, the government understands that when small business export, the U.S. economy is impacted in a positively.
Job Creation
The U.S. is home to 28 million plus small businesses. As stated by many economists, small businesses are the major source of job creation in the U.S. The SBA states that currently small businesses create two out of three jobs, accounting for 99.7 percent of U.S. employers. So as small businesses look to increase their client base and move into globalization, the country will continue to see increased job growth.
According to the United States Department of Commerce in 2013, 11.3 million jobs were supported by exporting. Plus, additional data revealed by the Department of Commerce showed that for every $1 billion supported by exporting, 5,600 jobs were created. Those figures substantiate the argument that small businesses are fueling job growth, thus creating a stable economy.
Some industries that have benefited from small business include retail, government, leisure and hospitality, information technology, agriculture, finance, wholesale trade, and warehousing. It just makes common sense that as small businesses continue to expand and grow into new markets including exporting, then new opportunities will exist for employment.
Data has shown that the benefits for small businesses to engage in exporting outweigh any negative perceptions. As with any new target or venture as a business owner, it is your responsibility to research all compliance issues and requirements. There are some barriers that exist that can be knocked down. However, you should know what they are. They include
· Capacity to Export – This obviously will depend on your products and services. Does your business have the capability to engage in exporting?
· Lack of Awareness – This is a barrier but can also be an opportunity for your business marketing.
· Perceived Overseas Demand – Initially a barrier, perceived overseas demand can be the lack of demand for your product or service.
· Bureaucracy and Compliance Issues – Exporting comes with governmental regulations. Be sure to research all the compliance issues for trading into a new country.
It Makes Sense
Business decisions often come down to common sense decisions. For any business, it makes sense to move into new markets and new targets if you can handle the growth to expand your customer base. This is also true with globalizing your company. And with the majority of the world's customers outside of the U.S., it makes sense that you have to meet your customers where they are. It is a smart move for a small business to reap the profitability benefits that exporting will bring to the company.
By: Chantal Towles, President of Creative Business Assistants, LLC, provides dynamic, customer-focused, small business incorporation services, as well as compliance and virtual business support services. To learn more about Creative Business Assistants visit www.cbadirect.com or view Chantal's profile on LinkedIn.


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Theatres Trust keynote - notes
It was an honour and a joy to give the opening keynote at this years Theatres Trust annual conference, on the topic of placemaking. The day was packed full of fascinating, inspiring and useful case studies of projects up and down the country, a great insight into how others are approaching the placemaking challenges in their areas, a very beneficial knowledge exchange.
Thank you to Jon Morgan and team for putting it all together and creating a programme that really got to grips with the subject matter across a diverse cohort of stakeholders.
The slides and notes from my keynote can be found here, defining what placemaking is, what placemaking means for theatres and theatre practitioners, and challenges for the future.