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A two way radio is also known as a transceiver. These radios are used for both for sending and receiving data or signals. These radios can either work on analog technology or a digital technology. These types of radios are
5 Things to Consider When Buying a Shortwave Radio
1. Cost: Hobbies can get as expensive as we let them. Shortwave radio listening is not as popular in the United States as it is in many other parts of the world. In all honesty, at times the prices of
The Two-Way Radio Decision You Didn't Know You Had
Two-way radio communication has been available to the public for what seems like forever. Who hasn't heard of CB radios, but who knew there are several other two-way radio options? How many people have heard about Family Radio Service (FRS),


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Football - The European Experience
When the 2016 football calendar came to an end, I decided it was time to tick a big solo Europe trip off my bucket list. The trip was mainly a holiday, however I also visited some elite European sporting organisations while I was there for some professional development. I was fortunate to organise time at Arsenal and AS Roma with members of their respective high-performance teams to talk all things athletic performance nutrition. While I was excited to simply gain access to the facilities, and spend time with some very experienced professionals, I was particularly keen to discuss what these clubs were doing from a food service and injury nutrition point of view.
My first visit was to the Arsenal training facility where I spent an afternoon with James Collins who is the club Sports Nutritionist. Gaining access to a club such as Arsenal can be very difficult, and there are often strict rules and regulations on when a visitor can attend the venue and what they are able to see. Given all of this, I was very appreciative to be allowed the opportunity to visit the training facility.
Later in the trip, I stopped in Rome for a few nights, where I was able to spend a full day at the
AS Roma training facility. Darcy Norman (Director of Performance) and Ed Lippie (Head Performance Coach) were very welcoming and introduced me to the athletic performance team, including the Sports Nutritionist, Guido. I did, however spend most of my time talking nutrition, hydration, supplements, and body composition with Darcy and the team doctor, Helge, as the Nutritionist could only speak minimal English, and my Italian, unfortunately does not extend beyond the basics.
Similar to Arsenal, all of the facilities were very impressive. The supplements room, which housed all of the snacks, supplements and sports-drinks, was large, new and well designed. The Nutritionist at AS Roma has worked hard to ensure every player has an individualised fuelling and recovery plan, which he is responsible for delivering every day. Similar to Arsenal, the food service program was extensive, with a number of meals and snacks being provided to the playing group each day. My own experience in this area is most elite sporting clubs in Australia might be able to provide a few subsidised meals to players each week, not a number of meals and snacks per day, at no expense to the athletes.
Overall, the time I spent at Arsenal and AS Roma was insightful and stimulating. It was an amazing experience to see the training facilities and hear about the level of servicing, such as the quality and frequency of meals, which are provided to the athletes at the big European football clubs. It was also pleasing to realise the main difference in these nutrition programs really comes down to funding, and that the key components and foundations are similar to those I am familiar with.
This article was published in edition #150 of the Sports Dietitians Australia's (SDA)
online publication FUEL. You can download the entire edition by following the link below:

subset: commoncrawl


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Golf Travel Made Easy
Call or Text Call/Text: 410-356-0330
Toll-Free 800-929-7300
Golf Packages to Top Golf Destinations
At the Princess Bayside Beach Hotel and Golf Center, we welcome your vacations with a special blend of excitement and relaxation.
Take a barefoot walk along the water's edge and enjoy the beauty of the bay. Stroll along Ocean City's famous 3 mile Boardwalk, then return to enjoy a swim or just take a leisurely nap in the afternoon sun. Do as much or as little as you please. This is a place where you can indulge yourself in relaxation or excitement. One block from the ocean this property also has a private bay front beach, indoor heated pool, outdoor rooftop pool, on-site water sports center, All -You-Care-To-Eat 48th Street Seafood (Crab (in season) and Prime Rib Buffet), Finnigan's Irish Pub and Eatery, Live entertainment, Game room, Guest laundry and free parking.
Map of Princess Bayside Beach Hotel & Golf Center


text: I don't know how he has managed this!SpideyK7/22/13 6:17amFiled to: crazy driverFiled to: crazy driver11SaveEditEmbiggenSend to EditorsPromoteShare to KinjaGo to permalinkI have never seen a black guy performing gymnastics, they are good at sprinting, marathon... but gymnastics! Never! Your browser does not support HTML5 video tag.Click here to view original GIFAdvertisementShare This Story


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MEXICO CITY – Phil Mickelson kept saying he was close.
It turns out Lefty was right.
Mickelson, who hadn't won since capturing the 2013 British Open, ended nearly five years of frustration and the longest drought of his career Sunday when he toppled Justin Thomas in a playoff to win the World Golf Championships-Mexico Championship at Club de Golf Chapultepec.
Beginning the day two shots out of the lead, Mickelson closed with a 5-under-par 66 to finish at 16 under with Thomas, who shot 64. Mickelson lipped out his birdie attempt from 18 feet on the first playoff hole, the 172-yard, par-3 17th, and then watched Thomas, who had gone long, miss his 10-footer for par.
Mickelson, the oldest player in the field at 47, won for the 43rd time on the PGA Tour. He had finished in ties for fifth, second and sixth in his last three starts and kept saying he was back to playing some of the best golf of his World Golf Hall of Fame career.
"This is a very meaningful win," said Mickelson, who hadn't won in 101 starts around the globe. "I can't really put it into words given the tough times over the last four years and the struggle to get back here. To finally break through and to have this validation means a lot to me.
"I've been extremely frustrated knowing that I've been able to play at this level and I haven't been doing it. But knowing where my game was heading into this year and believing in the fact that the results would come, and then being patient and letting it happen, all of that has been an important part."
Mickelson, who moved to No. 18 in the world with the victory, got going with birdies on four of his first six holes and took the outright lead with a par on the seventh. He added another birdie on the 10th but fell back into a share of the lead when he lost a battle with a row of bushes and trees on the par-5 11th. But with birdies on 15 and 16, he was back into a share of the lead and stayed there with two final pars.
More: Thomas stops photographer from stepping on ball
More: Wie clinches LPGA Singapore event for first win since 2014
"I'm very optimistic and believe that this is just a steppingstone of some more good things to come," Mickelson said. "I believe my game's going to continue to get better each week, too. I don't think that this is the apex or the peak, I think I'm going to continue to get better. I'm working on the right things."
Thomas, 24, was trying to win for the second consecutive week and for the eighth time in his last 31 starts on the PGA Tour. The winner of last week's Honda Classic looked to be the winner again after he holed out from 119 yards on the 72nd hole to take the lead but could only watch as Mickelson earned a spot in the playoff.
It was another dramatic turnaround for Thomas, who felt helpless after shooting 72 in Thursday's first round, saying he never felt worse standing over the ball. After consultation via a phone call and text messages with his father, Mike, a PGA professional and his son's coach, Thomas, the reigning FedExCup champion and PGA Tour player of the year, shot a second-round 70 and started the weekend 11 shots out of the lead. Then he started to roll, signing for a course-record 62 in the third round and with his 64 in the last shot 16 under on the weekend.
"Man, there's nothing for me to hang my head about," said Thomas, who moved to No. 2 in the world. "To even have a chance to win this golf tournament after where I was through 18, through 36 holes, I'm very proud of myself. I think it's the most maturity and kind of poise I've shown in a tournament I've ever played.
"Obviously, I would have loved to drum (Mickelson) out there in that playoff, but I'm just happy for him and I just told him I know how hard he's worked. And he's playing some great golf. I just was on the wrong side of it."
Mickelson and Thomas emerged from a large pack of contenders in the old-fashioned shootout at 7,800 feet above sea level, where six players held at least a share of the lead.
Tyrrell Hatton, who was confined to his hotel room on the eve of the championship and feared he couldn't make it to the first tee for the first round, bogeyed his last hole to fall out of the playoff, missing an 11-footer for par. Hatton stormed up the leaderboard on the weekend with rounds of 64-67 and eagled the 15th from 11 feet to grab a share of the lead. But his final-hole bogey, when he missed the green to the right, dropped him into a share of third place with Rafa Cabrera Bello (67).
In a tie for fifth were Kiradech Aphibarnrat (65) and Brian Harman (68). Defending champion and world No. 1 Dustin Johnson had surprising difficulty with the par 5s and finished with a 69 and in a tie for seventh with Masters champion Sergio Garcia (70).
Overnight leader Shubhankar Sharma didn't make a birdie until the 12th hole and fell down the leaderboard with a 74 and into a tie for ninth with Bubba Watson (67) and Adam Hadwin (66), who will defend his title in next week's Valspar Championship.


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International Shared Parenting Conference
Over 200 delegates attended the fourth international conference on shared parenting in Strasbourg on 22nd-23rd November 2018. The conference was held in the Council of Europe building and the opening session was addressed by Gabriella Battaini-Dragoni, Deputy Secretary General of the Council of Europe.
She said: "There is an apparent, growing consensus that, when possible, shared parenting should be supported as part of separation and divorce arrangements."
Shared parenting aims to maintain positive relationships between children and their parents in high-conflict separations and empower parents to meet their parental responsibilities in an equal way, she stressed.
The concept extends the principle of gender equality and challenges the stereotype of the father as breadwinner and the mother as nurturing carer and homemaker, still deeply entrenched in many cultures and still playing a role in many custody agreements.
However, shared parenting should not become a goal in itself or a systematic resumption: there are cases when shared custody does not correspondent to the child's best interests. The decision on whether shared parenting is the best solution must take into account the individual circumstances, such as situations of intra-family violence, as well as the child's views and expressed position.
The president of the International Council of Shared Parenting (ICSP) Edward Kruk, Associate Professor of Social Work at the University of British Columbia, stated that this conference marks the watershed in shared parenting, it is now established as a norm. Those who oppose shared parenting have to prove why it should not take place.
Regina Jensdottir, Head of the Children´s Rights Division of the Council of Europe also mentioned moving on from gender stereotypes. Both men and women have the right to balance work and parenting, shared parenting is a way forward for this. Efficient and fast moving justice systems are very important if cases have to go to court and non-compliance with court orders is a serious issue.
Amongst the many contributions to the ICSP conference two judicial presentations stood out. Marie-France Carlier, a judge at the Namur Family Court in Belgium described how family courts have developed since the Belgian law was changed in 2006 to a rebuttable presumption of shared parenting. There is principle of one family, one file and one judge with speedy procedures - 15 days to consider decisions.
She noted that the judge has to conciliate. Their first task is to reconcile people. They have to prioritise shared parenting but are free to decide otherwise. The person who doesn't want shared parenting has to provide reasons such as distance, very young children or child protection. Equal shared residence has been ordered in 50% of cases in Liege and 48% in Anvers. Priority actions include reducing the hurtfulness of words in court papers, meeting strict time deadlines, keeping children in touch with what is happening, the use of mediation and consensus, preventing alienation from becoming embedded.
Jürgen Rudolph described how he is spreading the word in various countries about the Cochem system that he developed as a family judge in Germany. This involves linking the work of all the professionals around the court: judges, lawyers, psychologists youth workers and social workers.
The goal is to get the parents to "look in the eyes of their children and get them talking again. Early intervention is vital. The lawyer bringing the case is only allowed to submit one page to the court and the other side is not allowed to write anything. Rather than having lots of paper the professionals have to speak with the parents and children. Court hearings should take place within one or two weeks. The court can put pressure on the parents to go on a journey and see the situation through the eyes of the child.
Families Need Fathers Scotland hopes to invite judges Carlier and Rudolph to speak in Scotland in 2019 as a contribution to the discussion of changes in Scottish family law and court procedures. Their hand's on experience of how radically different systems can bring major benefits for both families and courts should make a valuable contribution to this discussion.
Ian Maxwell from FNFS brought this Scottish debate to the attention of delegates in a workshop session describing how we are "Still Beating the Drum For Shared Parenting".


text: Easter holidays are around the corner and what a better way to celebrate it with this new book hitting the shelves? I had the pleasure to work once again with the Auzou team in this exciting new project! More than 30 pages of super fun dot-to-dot and coloring activities... Such an ideal gift for the little ones! Grab a copy here!


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UPDATE: Azealia has responded to RZA's damning account of the incident involving her being removed by Russell Crowe from his Beverly Hills hotel suite.
The Facebook makes some allusions to proof backing her claim (including a screenshot of a tweet Russell Crowe posted of her music video for "Big Big Beat."
Of, Azealia couldn't resist including some seriously low blows.
RZA took to Facebook to dispel both Azealia Banks' account, as well as the internet rumors that flared up, following her disturbing (and unfathomably) random spat with actor Russell Crowe last week at his Beverly Hills hotel suite.
The hip hop icon, who Banks claimed signed her to his record deal, explains that said deal was never cemented, and that he originally "went along" with Azealia's premature social media announcements because he "wanted her to win." RZA helped get Azealia cast as the lead in the upcoming movie he's producing, Coco, and wanted to continue working with her.
He went on to defended his friend Russell Crowe, and condemned Banks' behavior as "erratic and obnoxious."
Header photo via BFA


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Tag Archives: Prayer
The Light of Darkness
Three years ago today my husband, David, left the physical world He loved our life and our home; his spirit is with us every day This is his favorite place. David would mow and trim … and sit in silence … Continue reading
Have You Ever Felt That Bump In The Night?
Rarely do I talk of the past, the private and personal. There are many others who have been here. Maybe my words will help to sooth someone's pain and agony. If it helps just one… As a child, I … Continue reading
Have You Ever Been Knee-Deep In…
Remember a while back I told you that I had family stuff to take care of? How it eats up my time? It's very involved, legal actually. Well, there is a court date comin' up and court mediation after that, … Continue reading
A Good Book Never Dies
A prayer-book sits in the dark corner of a cabinet waiting to be found, to be made famous. After all, it's leather-bound, has 500 pages and is only 4 x 2.5 inches. Can you imagine? Yet, it is the spiritual … Continue reading


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I attempted to take pictures of my family. I think they turned out alright. Thanks to my husband Travis and my Mom for taking the pictures I was in. Here they are enjoy!
My Mom and Dad the two who started it all.
The whole fam. Starting from the left, My brother-in-law Scott who married my sister Keshia, My sister-in-law Melissa who married my brother Logan and their baby Miles, My sister Mariah, My Dad who is holding Steven, My Mom who is holding my boy Bryson, My brother Tyler and his wife Jenny(parents of Steven), Me and my husband Travis who is holding our oldest Brennen and my sister Jezerea.


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Feature Films | Animated Shorts | Documentary Shorts | Narrative Shorts | Student Films | Music Videos
Country of Origin | Director | Running Time | Film Block | Screening Time
Germany | Simon Begemann | 19:32 | Quirky Shorts | Sun @3pm
Would you want to live another life?
A rich old man uses all his money to get his mind and soul transferred to an artificial young and healthy body that he may use for eleven years, while his old body is kept safely in a cryogenic vessel. He meets a young woman and falls in love with her, so he hides the truth. But what will he do when his eleven years are over?
USA | Matthew Gentile | 18:12 | Musical Shorts | Wed @7pm
When an emotionally self-destructive rock star starts to lose his hearing, his personal and professional lives begin to unravel.
USA | Thomas de Maleingreau | 4:30 | Animated Shorts | Sun @5pm
Grounded is the heartwarming story of an old pilot who decides to teach his pet goose how to fly, and together they embark in his last great journey.
Canada | Andrea Cristini | 2:48 | Animated Shorts | Sun @5pm
Three ghosts, representing three different generations, keep a portrait of themselves as the unique sign left of their own identity after death. Two of the ghosts have an analog portrait (a black and white photography and a painting), while the third one has a digital portrait contained within a computer. Soon they will experience the obsolescence of technology, which will challenge the preservation of memories and data through time.
UK |Magnus Lenneskog | 8:35 | Animated Shorts | Sun @5pm
An animated chamber play set during the darkest days of the year in a Stockholm apartment block. A hardworking (and damn good) postman tries to do his job but the building and its tenants are not making it easy for him. The film sits somewhere in between dream and reality and just happens to draw inspiration from the filmmakers own experiences as a postman in this particular area.
Germany | Clemens Roth | 10:00 | Quirky Shorts | Sun @3pm
Peter is being followed by killer bees, Elsa collects exotic flowers from all over the world. To be together, they both have to overcome their fantasies. But what if love itself is nothing but fantasy?


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Cases of sexual assault on underage girls had been on the rise in the Kurunegala and Puttalam districts during the past seven months. Most of the assaults had been carried out at rest houses.
Four hundred undercover police officers had been deployed near rest houses, in order to prevent such incidents.
DIG Kithsiri Jayalath urged the public to alert the police of such cases by calling 071-3303784.
Four hundred and sixty-eight cases of sexual assault on schoolgirls had been reported so far this year from the North Western Province (NWP), a senior Kurunegala police chief told the Daily News last Sunday.


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Daniela Maldini
Director of Research at EarthWatch Institute
|Daniela Maldini is the Director of Research at Earthwatch Institute, a non-profit organization that engages people worldwide in scientific field research and education to promote the understanding and action necessary for a sustainable environment. Daniela is also an Adjunct Professor at the University of Massachusett, Amherst. Daniela runs a research program on marine mammals in Monterey Bay, California and has been active in the marine science field for the past 20 years.


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Heather Rudin
Yoga Instructor
Heather completed yoga teacher training at the Mount Madonna Yoga Center in California and at Samadhi Yoga in Seattle. Practicing since 1992 and teaching since 1997, she enjoys teaching yoga group classes and private sessions full-time, as well as workshops and retreats when possible. One of the most important things to her is the particularly warm, welcoming and supportive yoga community at the Ballard Health Club. When she is not doing yoga, she and her partner Riva are busy with their three boys Taj, Eli and Lazlo.
"What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters, compared to what lies within us."
– Ralph Waldo Emerson
The class schedule below shows the rest of classes for today, and for the next 6 days. To view the entire class schedule for all studios, click here: Full Class Schedule


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Garden waste and recycling (glass, cans and plastic) collections will resume from SEPTEMBER 9. More details and FAQs can be found on this link: https://www.allerdale.gov.uk/en/news-and-blog/date-announced-for-waste-and-recycling-collections-to-resume/
Burials - useful links, contacts and information
Click on the following links (or telephone number) to find out more information:
- What to do after someone dies
- Commonwealth War Graves Commission
- The Institute of Cemetery and Crematorium Management
- Age Concern
- Citizens Advice Bureau
- Compassionate Friend (Support & friendship by those similarly bereaved)
- Cruse Bereavement Care (Bereavement Counselling)
- Foundation for the study of Infant Deaths (Tel: 020 7 2228001)
- 24 hours Cot Death helpline (Tel: 020 7 2332090)
- National Association of Widows (Tel: 024 7663 4848)
- Stillbirth & Neonatal Death Society (SANDS) 0207 4367940
- Child Death Helpline 0800 282986
- The Counselling Directory
Other useful information:
Frequently Asked Questions
Who is responsible for the provision of the Council's burial services?
The burial service is managed by:
- Bereavement Services Section, Allerdale House, Workington, Cumbria CA14 3YJ
- Telephone: 01900 702620 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
What services do the Council provide?
- Facilities exist for adult and infant burials in both purchased and public graves.
- The cemeteries are open to the public at all times.
- A number of leaflets describing the services offered and burial provisions provided by the Council are available from the Bereavement Services Office.
For funeral bookings and further information, please contact the bereavement services office.
What about other Churchyards in the area?
A number of small Churchyards operate within the Borough. These are managed by the local churches.
Who can I contact for information?
For Cemetery Provisions, Funeral Bookings and further information please contact the Bereavement Services Office.
Must I use a Funeral Director to arrange a funeral?
No, Bereavement Services staff will be pleased to advise those wishing to organise a funeral themselves.
For those who wish to use a funeral director a list of local funeral directors can be obtained from the Bereavement Services Office.
How can I arrange an environmentally friendly funeral?
The Bereavement Services Section publish informative leaflets which include differing formats for burial, including: coffins and alternatives, meadow burial and burial in private land. Copies are available from the office.
What is the Charter for the Bereaved?
Promoted by the Institute of Cemetery and Crematorium Management, and by the Confederation of Burial Authorities, the Charter sets out 35 rights or standards of service against which burial and cremation can be judged.
A reference copy of the Charter is available to view at the Bereavement Services office but an appointment must be made in advance.
Can I find Family History Information?
A record of all interments is held and maintained in the bereavement services office. During normal working hours bereavement staff will assist visitors to locate graves but an appointment must be made in advance.
Why are graves dug so deep?
Graves have to be dug to a sufficient depth to allow for future burials to take place. Therefore the grave needs to be deep enough to allow not only for the depth of coffins/caskets that will be buried but also to accommodate legal requirements of undisturbed earth to be between each coffin and the amount of earth that must cover the last interment.
I have a lawn grave. Why can't I put a full memorial over the surface of the grave?
The lawn grave was designed on the war grave principle (to have only a memorial of limited size at the head of the grave with the rest of the grave laid to lawn). In this manner the limited area available for burial is best utilised. In addition maintenance is easier to accomplish with large mowing machinery being used to keep the area in a neat condition. These grave rights are sold on the understanding that only lawn style memorials are erected. Full memorials are only permitted on traditional graves and some border graves.
Care must be taken when selecting the type of grave. If you would prefer a larger, more traditional type memorial you should not opt for a lawn grave.
Are graves filled in straight after a funeral or are they left to the next day?
Graves are prepared for burial at least one full day before the funeral and are covered overnight. The ICCM Guiding Principles for Burial Services states that immediately after the mourners have departed the graveside, the grave shall be entirely backfilled and made tidy. This work is completed on the day of the burial and coffins should not be left uncovered overnight.
I understand that some people wait while the grave is filled in. Why is this?
Some cultures require that the grave is filled in while the family watch or they may wish to undertake the backfilling of the grave themselves. When families want this it is essential that the cemetery is made aware of their requirements when the burial is first arranged. This will ensure that the family's wishes are met and that their safety is protected during the backfilling process.
I've got a lawn grave. When will I be able to put a memorial onto it?
Where individual foundations are provided for lawn memorials, these are situated on un-dug ground at the head end of the grave. Some memorials can be erected at any point in time.
Why have I only been sold the grave for a set period of time? - I want the grave forever!
The law stipulates that graves cannot be sold for ever and authorities cannot go against that law. However, the law does permit grant of ownership to be renewed at the end of the current lease. In this manner, the grave can stay in the family for as long as they wish, though ownership will never be issued for more than the number of years specified within the authority's fees and charges.
I own the grave - can anyone else be buried in it if I don't want them to?
No. Graves cannot be opened without the permission in writing of the registered owner of the grave. The only exception to this is where the burial is to be that of the registered owner in which case no written authority is required. The law protects your rights as registered owner of the grave.
I am told the grave is for two people - there is only one person in the grave and I now want two more burials to take place in the grave.
When a grave is purchased to take two full body burials, the depth to which the grave is excavated for the first burial must take into account the need for the second burial. There are legal requirements as to how much earth must be left on top of the last coffin, and it is therefore not physically possible to put an extra coffin into the grave without breaking the law. However, after the grave is full for coffined burial cremated remains caskets or urns may still be buried within the grave.
What happens when the lease expires?
When you buy a grave right you purchase the exclusive Rights of Burial in that grave for a set period of time. At the end of the period you should be given the option of renewing the Rights for a further period. It is vitally important that you keep the bereavement services office fully informed should you change address otherwise you may not receive a notice of renewal at the appropriate time.
Also at the end of the lease period, your rights to erect and maintain a memorial cease. Should you not wish to renew the lease or you cannot be contacted the cemetery staff can lawfully remove any memorial after giving a set period of notice for you to remove the memorial yourself. If you decide to renew the lease this may be on condition that the memorial receives a full inspection and stability test and any defects found are repaired.
Who is responsible for the memorial?
Bereavement services staff carry out routine inspections of memorials in the cemetery and when one is identified as being unstable and likely to fall and injure someone it might be cordoned off or laid flat. You will receive a letter in these circumstances and it will be your responsibility to arrange suitable repair. Should your memorial still be under guarantee the memorial mason will be responsible to carry out repair at no extra cost to yourself. Should you ignore the notice sent to you your memorial may well be laid flat and when the lease expires you will not be allowed to renew it until repairs are made. Should no repairs be carried out and after further notification the memorial may be lawfully removed from the cemetery.
Your memorial mason also has a responsibility to provide a memorial of merchantable quality and to erect it in a safe manner. All local memorial masons must be registered with BRAMM (British Register of Accredited Monumental Masons.)
What happens if / when all the owners have died?
Ownership of the exclusive Right of Burial in a grave can be transferred from a deceased owner via that owner's estate. There is a set procedure to follow to transfer the rights and each case must be looked at individually. If you need to transfer ownership when all owners are deceased you will need to contact the bereavement services office where staff will arrange for a transfer to take place with due compliance with law.
Why can't I have what I want on the grave?
When a new grave is purchased it is not the ownership of the land itself that is purchased, but the rights to have burials take place in that grave. These rights are sold, or to be more correct, 'granted' together with the rights to erect a memorial on the grave in accordance with the rules and regulations of the cemetery. It is important that you select the cemetery that will provide you with the type of memorial that you require as regulations differ from area to area. This can be checked out by contacting the bereavement services office and making enquiries about the choices and options available.
Why is a permit needed?
Prior to a memorial being erected on a grave space, the written authority of the owner of the grave must be given on a permit / application form, authorising the proposed erection of the memorial. Memorials need to conform to cemetery regulations with regard to size and fixings, and the memorial also needs to be checked for stability under health and safety regulations. The bereavement services staff need to check that the memorial conforms to regulations and will be erected in a safe manner. To a certain extent this helps protect your interests although you will remain responsible for the maintenance of the memorial in the future. You may ask your memorial mason for a workmanship guarantee or in fact details of insurance.
Some authorities will issue a separate Right to Erect and Maintain a Memorial and the purchase of this right will be made on submission of the application to erect a memorial. Other authorities may combine the Memorial Rights with the Burial Rights.
The loss of a loved one can be a difficult time. The last thing anyone wants to worry about at this time is the cost. A number of people who have anticipated the costs and have not wanted to burden their family or friends have a pre-paid funeral plan.
For whatever reasons, sometimes money is an issue. The state believes that all people, no matter what creed, colour, sex or financial situation, are entitled to a minimum of a simple, decent and respectful funeral. The help available is:-
- Cost of the disposal will be met by the state (for a simple burial or cremation) Included for a burial, the gravediggers fees & the grave cost, or for a cremation, the cremation itself and the medical fee. It does not include provision of flowers, obituaries or any ceremony costs (religious or not).
- Up to £700 of funeral expenses (includes the coffin, the hearse, care of the deceased and the funeral directors expenses)
The payment is granted by Jobcentre Plus. You can also find out more on the Gov.UK website.
Who can get help?
To qualify, you or your partner (for the purposes of this grant, partner is defined as spouse, or someone you live with as if you are married to them) MUST be receiving one of the following benefits or tax credits.
- Income Support
- Income-based Jobseeker's Allowance
- Working Families' Tax Credit
- Housing Benefit
- Council Tax Benefit
- Disabled Person's Tax Credit
If you receive any of these benefits, you can claim help with the funeral through the Social Fund of the Jobcentre Plus (claim pack SF200). Please remember that the financial help you get is limited.
In addition, it must be reasonable for you to have taken responsibility for the funeral expenses. This would usually mean that you were the partner of the deceased; If they had no partner, then close relative or very close friend. The DWP will ask about the circumstances of the close relatives of the deceased.
Circumstances that may lead to ineligibility
The DWP want to target this payment to the people who most need it. Thus, under these situations the payment may be reduced, or not granted. The following will be deducted from an award:-
- Any assets of the deceased available to you or your partner
- Any lump sum which is due on the death of deceased for funeral costs
- If any of the closest kin do not qualify for the payment
- Any funeral grant, where the deceased was a war pensioner
- Any contribution for the funeral from a charity or relative (of both yourself or the deceased)
- Any savings you have over £500 (£1000 if you are 60 or over). The savings may be in your name, or your partner's name.
This list is not an exhaustive list, but a guide to some of the circumstances that may be a barrier to financial help.
Recovering the costs from the deceased person's estate
As the funeral costs are the first claim against someone's estate when they die, the DWP are allowed to recover the funeral expenses if they had any assets, saving any insurance policies. Where the deceased had a surviving partner, the value of the home in which they lived is ignored and the personal possessions left to relatives do not normally count.
How to claim
You can claim a funeral payment from the date of death, and up to three months after the date of the funeral. Funeral Payments are sent to you, and usually made by giro cheque in the funeral director's name. To claim, contact your local Jobcentre Plus office for form SF200 or to the Gov.UK website. This form should also be available from your local library or from post offices.
The deceased must have been ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom at the date of death, and the funeral must normally take place in the UK. However, in certain circumstances, a funeral payment may be made for a funeral which takes place elsewhere within the European Economic Area. The amount awarded will be restricted to the amount which would have been paid if the funeral had taken place in the area where the deceased had lived within the UK.
If you need any explanation of the above, or you would like further information, or some of the data is unhelpful then please contact the Bereavement Services Office (01900 702620) and we will assist in any way we can.
Several cemeteries within the Borough have had certain areas designated for "Natural Burials". These areas will not take on the neat and tidy look of the rest of the cemetery, but will adopt a more "back to nature" look with the planting and subsequent growth of many species of wild flowers. The cemeteries identified are located at Cockermouth, Harrington Road, Workington and Maryport.
The graves are recorded on plans and are individually numbered. This is to ensure a correct record is kept and the grave can always be found.
The burials for a double grave would, in this case, be side by side and not a double depth as in a more traditional cemetery grave.
Coffins and Containers
The burials must take place in a biodegradable (natural wood / non-veneered / cardboard / bamboo / wicker) coffin, shroud or other suitable container.
The natural wood coffins should be made of wood from a managed tree forest.
Cremated Remains
There would be provision for the strewing or burial of cremated remains.
The strewing would involve lifting the turf and pouring the remains into a pre prepared excavation.
Burial of cremated remains would involve interment in a biodegradable vessel such as Casket, urn etc.
Funeral Arrangements
The option of meadow/green funerals are not reserved for specific religions in certain areas. It would be the families of, or relatives who decide on whether a religious, secular or no service would be needed.
The personal completion of a funeral can often help the bereaved in coming to terms with the death of a relative or friend. This can help the grieving process, particularly where the wishes of the bereaved person are being fulfilled.
There are no memorials (headstones, vases, crosses etc.) allowed in these areas. However, we do encourage the planting of native bulbs and wild flowers or the scattering of native wild flower seeds.
To encourage the growth of the wild flowers it is necessary to impose restrictions. People walking to individual graves would create paths and trample the wildflowers, destroying the living memorial we propose to create. Care must be taken when visiting these areas. You may be able to plant a tree as a memorial. Please contact Bereavement Services for further information.
A natural burial is not for those who prefer a neat and tidy grave with a headstone, but for those who love wildlife and wish to create environmental benefits for future generations.
Natural burial
Several cemeteries within the Borough have had certain areas designated for "Natural Burials". These areas will not take on the neat and tidy look of the rest of the cemetery, but will adopt a more "back to nature" look with the planting and subsequent growth of many species of wild flowers. The cemeteries identified are located at Cockermouth, Harrington Road, Workington and Maryport.
Allerdale Borough Council's cemeteries are operated in accordance with the following rules and regulations. These also impose certain restrictions and requirements on users of the cemeteries which we expect users to observe.
If you need any help interpreting the rules and regulations, please do not hesitate to contact staff at the bereavement services office on 01900 702620 or email email@example.com
Grave Right / Deed
Please keep the grave deed safe as it is evidence of your ownership of the right. You have purchased a right of burial, which ensures that any further burial must be of the grave owner, or a burial authorised by the owner.
It is important to note that you have bought a 'right', and not the land, which still remains in the ownership of Allerdale Borough Council.
All new graves are purchased for a period of 50 years unless otherwise stated on the deed.
Transfer of deed Ownership
Where the current grave owner is still alive and wishes to transfer ownership to another person a form of Assignment must be properly completed and returned to the bereavement services office. A form of Assignment is available upon request from the bereavement services office.
Transfer of Ownership of a grave may take place where the registered grave owner is deceased by submitting a completed statutory declaration form, available from the bereavement services office. This form must be signed by a solicitor or a commissioner of oaths then returned with the appropriate fee to the bereavement services office where a new deed will be issued with the amended information.
Graves – General Information
Nothing identifying the grave, fences, enclosures, trenches, kerb surrounds, border stones or memorials will be permitted on any meadow grave space.
The council has a right to remove from any grave any items that may interfere with the grounds maintenance of that area after serving notice to the registered owner. Any items seen to be causing an immediate hazard or danger will be removed immediately without notice. The council has the right to remove and dispose of any floral tributes, flowers, plants etc. that have withered or died or have become unsightly on any grave. Bulbs may be planted around the area of the grave.
Native trees are encouraged within meadow burial areas; please ring the Bereavement Services office for details.
The cutting of the grass on any meadow grave space will not be permitted.
After burial all graves will be tidied up and left in an acceptable condition by the cemetery staff. The levelling of graves during the period of settlement will be carried out by the cemetery staff on a regular basis after the burial.
Winter Conditions
We only treat frozen roads and paths to imminent funerals. As anniversaries occur every day of the year we never close the cemeteries even though snow and ice exist, please exercise extreme care during visits throughout the winter months.
Dogs in Cemeteries
Dogs are allowed in cemeteries but must be kept on a lead at all times. Owners are responsible for cleaning up any fouling caused by their dog(s).
Cemeteries are included in the Dogs (Fouling of Land) Act 1996 and under this act owners who fail to clean up after their dogs can be prosecuted. In addition, the council employ environmental wardens to enforce the Act.
The Local Authorities Cemeteries Order 1977
Attention is drawn to the above act and any amendments thereto.
This order provides that no person shall:-
- Wilfully create any disturbance or commit any nuisance in a cemetery
- Wilfully interfere with any burial taking place
- Wilfully interfere with any grave or vault, any tombstone or other such memorial, or any flowers or plants on any such matter
- Play any sport or game
The order provides that every person who contravenes any prohibition specified above together with any prohibition specified in Article 19 of the order shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine.
Fees and Charges
The fees and charges payable to the Council in respect of grave spaces and other matters in connection with the Cemeteries are approved by the Council. Copies of such fees and charges are available on request from the bereavement services office.
No memorials are allowed on meadow graves. We encourage the planting of native wild flowers and bulbs. Native trees are allowed with prior consent from the Bereavement Service office. Please note depending on the position of the grave and the ground conditions it may not be possible to plant a tree on the grave itself.
Many people wish to place a memorial on the grave of their loved one. Memorials allow them to mark the grave and to add a personalised tribute. We have a few simple rules to make sure that memorials are safe, well maintained and in keeping with the character of the cemeteries.
What is a memorial?
A memorial is anything above the level of the ground that is placed on the grave as a tribute to those buried there. Headstones, vases and plaques are the most common memorials. Some people choose more unusual memorials, such as pieces of sculpture.
Can I place a memorial on a grave?
If you want to place a memorial on a grave you must hold or purchase memorial rights for that grave. If you do not own the grave, you must also obtain the permission of the grave owner, if there is one, or contact us to discuss whether you can purchase the rights.
Memorial rights are granted for the lease period. This may be extended at the end of the period.
What kind of memorial can I have?
You may apply to us to have any kind of memorial. Memorials are generally approved as long as they are of a safe construction which should last for at least the period of the memorial rights. We also consider whether the memorial is in keeping with the section of the cemetery where the grave is, and whether it might be offend other cemetery users.
This does not mean that you are limited to traditional designs. We are keen to encourage unusual and individual memorials, which add to the character and interest of the cemetery.
If we refuse permission you will be given a full written explanation.
Please note, kerbs around graves are permitted on the older sections in some Cemeteries with the permission of the Bereavement Services Officer. The covering of graves with chippings isn't allowed because of health and safety issues. This is to keep grounds maintenance costs down for the bereaved.
When can a memorial be erected?
After a funeral we level the earth on the grave and put the flowers and wreaths on top. After two weeks (may be longer depending on condition of floral tributes) we remove all floral tributes and dispose of them.
You may put up a wooden cross up to 500mm (18") high on the grave temporarily. You may leave flowers in a non-breakable container – please do not use glass, ceramic or thin plastic until a memorial can be installed. Please do not plant anything directly into the soil.
A permanent memorial may be erected six months after a full interment. This allows time for the ground to settle. However you do not have to wait six months to apply.
A memorial for a cremation plot may be erected any time following the interment of ashes.
Must I use a stonemason?
Fixed memorials must be fitted by a stonemason who is a member of the British Register of Accredited Memorial Masons (BRAMM). This is to ensure that the memorial is securely fixed and safe.
You may wish to commission a memorial from a sculptor or memorial artist who is not BRAMM registered. You may do this as long as the memorial is fixed by a BRAMM registered stonemason.
The stonemason will advise you what is available and then submit an application on your behalf.
Our Approved Contractors leaflet lists local BRAMM registered contractors and memorial artists. You may use a stonemason who is not on the leaflet as long as the fixer is BRAMM registered. Contact details for BRAMM are at the end of this leaflet.
Restoration and cleaning
Restoration and cleaning must be carried out by a BRAMM registered stonemason. You should apply to us for permission before the work is carried out.
Occasionally we may need access to a grave next to yours for an interment. If so we will erect a cover over your memorial to protect it and may place soil on the cover. This will last no more than a few days. On very rare occasions we may have to remove your memorial for safety reasons so we can access the grave. If we do so we will be fully responsible for restoring your memorial in a safe and clean state after the funeral.
Safety testing
We have a legal obligation to test memorials for safety. This ensures that the cemetery is a safe environment for staff and visitors to the cemetery. If your memorial is found to be unstable, and is deemed to be dangerous and liable to cause injury we will lay it down to eliminate the risk. If possible we will contact you to explain that repairs are needed and it is ultimately your responsibility to make good any remedial works. If we are unable to contact a present owner we will deal with the problem by laying down.
Unfortunately vandalism does happen occasionally in cemeteries. We will prosecute anyone caught causing vandalism but we cannot be held liable for any damage caused by the irresponsible actions of others.
We strongly recommend that grave owners take out insurance to protect their memorials. Your stonemason can advise you about this.
The Council has an approved list of Memorial Masons
A list is available on request.
Other types of memorial
We also offer the opportunity to purchase memorial trees, benches and plaques on benches in the cemetery grounds. Please contact us for more information.
Burial at sea is an alternative method to burial on land or cremation.
This type of burial is recognised, not only within the sailing community, but also as a tradition that permeates all communities. This tradition however, has to be balanced against a number of concerns, including our obligation to protect the marine environment, the living resources that it supports, human health and an increased use of the sea.
A free licence is required and available from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). However, there are less than 50 burials at sea a year and are only allowed at the following locations: -
• Near Newhaven, Sussex
• The Needles Spoil Ground, to the west of the Isle of Wight
• In the Tynemouth off the Northumberland coast
DEFRA does not encourage burial at sea, as there have been occasions where bodies buried off the coast have been washed up on shore. Also, there are concerns about fishing vessels trawling the bodies back up. Naturally, this can cause considerable distress to relatives; friends of the deceased and all concerned.
To avoid this risk, DEFRA recommends the scattering of cremation ashes at sea. This can be undertaken without a Food & Environment Protection Act (FEPA) licence.
To conduct a burial at sea you can arrange it through a funeral director or apply for the licence yourself. The costs for this type of burial, through funeral directors and local companies offering this service can vary greatly. (The FEPA licence is free of any charge).
The following are the considerations DEFRA keep in mind when considering a FEPA licence application for burial at sea: -
• The death needs to be registered with the Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages
• Prepare the correct documentation
• Obtain a FEPA Licence for burial at sea
• Prepare the body
• Obtain the correct coffin or shroud
• Organise the burial / ceremony
Navy Burials
The navy conducts its own burials at sea, for those veterans who wished to be buried at sea. For more detailed information contact the Base Chaplain via the place from which the deceased served.
Burial on Private Land
There is an increased trend for maximum consumer choice. This leaflet aims to provide information on using alternative sites for burials.
Recently this form of burial has obtained media coverage and numbers have significantly increased. Much of this has been due to the Natural Death Centre, a charity formed to support a less formalised routine for funerals, as well as a better approach to death generally. They have issued a handbook and a further publication called 'Green Burial', which explains how to arrange these burials within the legal and planning requirements.
There are several advantages to this form of burial. It allows you to organise a very personal funeral, in which you maintain total control. You are able to reduce costs by avoiding the use of a funeral director.
Depending on the circumstances, it may be difficult to obtain the services of a funeral director to assist with this type of burial.
Most locations fall into two categories, on farmland or in a garden.
These locations are rarely overlooked and will not offend neighbours or the general public. A limited number of burials over a period of time may not constitute a 'change of use' and no planning approval is necessary (especially when the deceased are related to the property owners). Exceeding a 'limited' number of burials, or burying unrelated persons may require planning approval as this situation could be seen as a change of use or for 'mixed use' if farming is also to continue. The planning department should be consulted for advice.
This situation is complicated by the close proximity of neighbours. They may oppose or be offended by the burial. Although they may not pose legal objections, it may not be conducive to good relationships and the social implications should be considered. Otherwise, the aspects outlined under farm burials are broadly similar.
You need to consider carefully if you wish to bury / be buried on private land. Often the reason for this is to keep departed loved ones close by, but it would have a number of effects:
• Firstly, the value of the land or property will be affected by a burial within its ground. Although it is difficult to determine the actual drop in property value, it is likely that prospective buyers would not consider purchasing such a property. You are also advised to notify any individual or mortgage company that has an interest in the property.
• If you move later, then you may have to deal emotionally with the separation and access to the grave may be denied or restricted by a change of ownership. Bodies can be exhumed & moved (the licence required is free). This, however, will require professional help that will have a significant cost.
The following information explains the regulations that allow you to inter a body on a plot of land owned by you. There are five issues to consider:
• Position of the burial
• Creation of a "Burial Register"
• Contacting the coroner's office
• Contacting the police
• Consideration of a memorial
It is essential that you obtain permission to complete a burial.
To comply with Environment Agency guidelines, the burial site must:
• Be at least 250 metres away from any well, borehole or spring that supplies water for human consumption or is to be used in farm dairies
• Be at least 30 metres from any other spring or water course
• At least 10 metres from any field drain (draining to a water course)
• Have at least one metre of subsoil below the bottom of the burial cavity. Allowing a hole deep enough for at least one metre of soil to cover the burial.
• When the burial cavity is first dug, the bottom of the hole must be free of standing water.
Failure to comply with these guidelines can lead to the body being exhumed.
Burial Register
You will need to seek legal advice from a solicitor regarding the creation of a "Burial Register". This is a record that is kept with the property that indicates:
• Who is buried on the site
• Where they were buried
• When the person was buried
This is a necessary record. If the land is sold, some building work enacted, or a serious land-slip occurs, then the police and whoever owns the property will need to know about the site to adjust their plans.
The body could be exhumed by any new property purchaser and reburied in a cemetery. There are legal means (restrictive covenant) by which you can ensure the grave remains untouched, but this will involve costs and other uncertainties.
Registering the Death / Coroner's Office
A certificate of burial issued by the Coroner or Registrar of Birth and Deaths will have to be obtained. The detachable section of this is to be completed and returned to the registrar by the person arranging the burial. It is important to note that the details of the burial, including location, are not recorded by the Registrar. If you are burying a body on your own property, then please contact the Coroner's Officer to advise the site of the burial. The Coroner keeps records of the deceased referred to them.
You may wish to erect a memorial to the person you have buried. As any memorial is considered under national planning law, you may need to seek planning permission to have the memorial erected (possibly even for small memorials). Under some circumstances planning permission may not be required. You should first contact the council's Planning Department for advice.
If you wish to plant a tree in memory of your loved one, then you need to check the deeds to your property. There are normally no planning issues associated with the planting of trees.
Information on mmbalming
Embalming is defined as the preservation of a body from decay. Originally this was done with spices, but more recently through arterial injection of embalming fluid.
Historically this process was identified with the Egyptians and the mummification of bodies. In fact this complicated and extreme method was abandoned, although in recent centuries ways of preserving bodies has received considerable attention.
Varying levels of success were achieved but probably due to expense, they were utilised by very few people.
In the past 30 years the commercial promotion of embalming has increased and is particularly evident among larger commercial funeral directors in urban locations. In rural areas where small funeral directing businesses predominate, embalming is rare.
The current common use of the word 'embalming' is misleading. The process is generally referred to as 'cosmetic embalming'. It is used to improve the visual appearance of the body and to prevent deterioration in the period leading up to the funeral. It has no long term preservative value and cannot be compared to the Egyptian process of preserving bodies for a long period.
The decision as to the merits of embalming is very personal and must lie with the individual although a number of issues should be considered:
Is embalming necessary?
There is no evidence that a body poses a threat to the living, except where a death was due to a 'notifiable disease'. However, when a person dies of a 'notifiable disease', embalming is not permitted.
No evidence exists of any funeral director, cemetery or crematorium staff catching an infection from an unembalmed body. Embalmers suggest that the process thoroughly disinfects the body and removes any risk, however slight, to any person who may come into contact with the body.
On the other hand, it would seem logical to assume that if a real health risk existed, embalming would be a legal requirement, which it is not.
The British Institute of Embalmers says:
"The visual characteristics of a badly damaged body may be improved by additional specialised treatment where time is available. To be effective, it may be necessary to carry out the treatment over more than 24 hours. Effective cosmetic treatment in such cases may also decrease the trauma of sudden death, and the benefit is almost always acknowledged by the bereaved".
It should be noted that if the person required a high intake of drugs during their terminal illness, their body can deteriorate rapidly. This can be delayed by refrigeration.
Environmental issues
The embalming process involves removing the body fluids and replacing them with a solution of formaldehyde, often containing a pink dye. The body fluids are treated and disposed of via the sewer. One or two gallons of embalming fluid can be used and the effect of this on soil organisms and air quality following a burial or cremation needs further independent research. The chemical is used by funeral directors and embalmers who carry no responsibility for its impact on the cemetery, crematorium or community.
In some burial schemes, such as woodland burial, all chemicals may be prohibited. This restriction may apply to embalming fluid as well as to horticultural chemicals.
Viewing the deceased
Careful consideration should be given as to whether you intend to view the deceased. If you do not intend to view the deceased then there appears no valid reason to choose embalming.
You should also appreciate that if you wish to view the body, you will be required to pay a fee for using the funeral directors Chapel of Rest or Repose.
The quality of embalming
The British Institute of Embalmers (BIE) offers training and certification for members to maintain an identified standard of embalming. Their members may be self employed and provide a service to funeral directors. It takes a minimum of one hour to correctly embalm a body.
Some comments by the bereaved have suggested that following embalming; the facial features of the deceased have been altered. Also, the 'drawn' appearance of the person prior to death has been reversed by the unnatural filling-out effect of the embalming fluid. It appears that these are the results of poor quality embalming. If this occurs, you may wish to check with your funeral director whether the embalmer is qualified.
Do you have a choice?
You should expect to be informed about the embalming process and the advantages it offers. It should only be undertaken where an effective result is judged to be achievable. Unfortunately this does not always occur.
The process of embalming may be routinely carried out as an inclusive part of the funeral 'package', without expressed permission. The decision is important as the process will involve an additional cost on the funeral account. In fact the BIE have issued a Code of Ethics which clearly supports the need to make a specific decision about embalming. This states: "The client's informed consent, preferable in wring, must be obtained".
If you are opposed to embalming, it may be advisable to expressly forbid it.
Information on using a funeral director
The information included in this leaflet will help you understand how funeral directing operates and will enable you to ask questions appropriate to your needs when you consider the arrangement of a funeral.
Although Charter members can advise you about funeral arrangements, they are not able to recommend a particular funeral director. You can obtain details contact details through telephone directories, newspapers, Citizens Advice Bureaux or Charter member.
Funeral directing as a profession appeared in the latter part of the 1700s. Prior to that date, funerals were organised through individuals, such as a joiner, gravedigger and the clergy, then followed by a churchyard burial. In Victorian times the commercial involvement in death was developed and this lead to the greater use of the funeral director with the hearse, coffin and black attire. The funeral director developed the role of organiser, providing the furnishings and transport to carry out the funeral. Funerals have hardly altered in the intervening period, with petrol engines replacing the horsepower and in some instances cremation replacing burial. The predominance of men in the Victorian period remains largely unchanged with only a few women acting as funeral directors or bearers.
Most people are unaware that funeral directors can set up in business without training or qualifications and no licence is necessary. No universal standard applies and consequently, separating a good funeral director from an indifferent one is difficult. Some funeral directors are members of professional organisations, who may operate a code of conduct and complaints procedure. The National Association of Funeral Directors (NFAD) and the Society of Allied and Independent Funeral Directors (SAIF) are examples of these.
Funeral directors have attracted criticism, and yet their role and function is rarely understood. They organise a funeral with distressed people, often people who have no expectations of a funeral and its arrangements. Funerals are a 'crisis' buy and unlike any other purchase. Although many practicable operations are necessary, the satisfaction relies upon the funeral meeting philosophical and other more complex needs. A casual comment, a joke or using the incorrect name, are all aspects than can destroy the quality of the funeral. If funeral directors fail to deliver their service, it can be due to the distress and crisis associated with the death. This emphasises the need for everybody to be informed and prepared for death and funerals. The completion of Wills and funeral directives empowers the bereaved and reduces their reliance on the funeral director at the critical time of death.
The funeral directors 'package' is briefly outlined as follows. The executor or the person arranging the funeral telephones the funeral director, who will arrange them and discuss the funeral arrangements. The funeral director will collect the body, either from home, a mortuary or a nursing home and prepare it for viewing, which may include routine embalming (a cosmetic treatment). A choice of coffins is usually offered and the deceased can be viewed, by appointment, in a Chapel of Rest. On some occasions the coffined body will be taken back to the deceased's home, if the family so wish. The funeral director will contact the cemetery or crematorium and arrange the date and time of the funeral and will ensure that the certificates and forms are completed and taken to the cemetery or crematorium office. Details will be given about the form of service and the music, if required. The funeral director will pay the various fees involved, called disbursements. These include the cemetery or cremation fees, minister's fee etc. The provision of floral tributes and newspaper obituaries, if required, will also be arranged. A hearse and following limousines will be provided and the funeral will take place under the guidance of the funeral director. Subsequently, an account will be sent after the funeral. The account should be itemised and should clearly define the disbursements paid on behalf of the person arranging the funeral.
Although funeral directors help, console and guide the bereaved, and are often very beneficial that does not prevent them being subject to a critical analysis. Even if the individual functions they perform are beyond reproach, the process by which they control and influence funerals has been subject to adverse criticism. Some of these issues are outlined below:
Price transparency
Most funerals are sold as 'package', and it can be difficult to obtain the actual price of each component. This creates particular difficulties should you wish to dispense with some components included in the package. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) has suggested that 'price transparency' should apply to funeral directing charges. This would result in a known charge being made for each component of the funeral, allowing the bereaved to select more, or less, in accordance with their needs. For example, the family could keep the body at home but purchase a coffin and use the hearse from a funeral director, completing the remainder of the arrangements themselves. Such a funeral would allow more personal involvement by the family and would be less expensive.
Funeral directors, in general do not offer price transparency and continue to promote the package funeral. To better understand this, an analogy could be drawn with a garage bill. If your car is serviced, you pay an identified price for each part, oils and other materials used. To this, they add an identifiable labour bill. In contrast, some funeral directors prefer not to charge a 'labour' bill for the time they put into a funeral. They cover the use of their time by apportioning it onto the cost of the coffin, use of vehicles and other components.
The coffin is the one item that carries the greatest proportion of their costs and consequently, this item can appear expensive. The unit cost of a standard chipboard coffin, fitted out for a funeral, might be £70. This would sell for £300 and sometimes much higher. As alternative suppliers are not readily available, it can be difficult to avoid this cost. These concerns are covered in the Charter item on 'Coffins and Alternatives'. It is worth noting that funeral directors 'direct' funerals, which does not imply that they have to 'supply' the products used as part of their service. You should reasonably expect to obtain a coffin, a casket, floral tributes, memorials, etc. from a source independent of a funeral director, if you so wish.
Range of facilities
It may be assumed that all funeral directors are large, commercial concerns with an extensive range of facilities. This is not so and many funeral directors, particularly in rural areas, are small one person businesses. They may not have a Chapel of Rest or facilities to embalm and may hire the hearse and cars from other companies. You may wish to consider these differences before you approach a funeral director. For instance, if you require an informal funeral, you may prefer to replace the hearse with the estate car that many funeral directors routinely use to collect bodies from mortuaries and nursing homes. To avoid the use of limousines, you could use your own vehicles to meet at the church, cemetery or crematorium. This will contrast with the formal funeral which may be anticipated if you use the larger funeral directing concerns which provide the complete range of services, such as an expensive hearse with matching limousines etc. Some funeral directors own or have arrangements with firms that supply floral tributes and memorials. Although this may be convenient as part of a complete funeral package, it may prevent you from using independent suppliers.
Innovations of funeral directing
In many parts of the country, innovations in funeral directing are occurring. Your Charter member may be able to advise you regarding your local situation. Such innovations include the "Independent" funeral director who may offer a complete price "menu" and help you to do as little or as much of the funeral arrangement as you choose. There are also "coffin shops" and "green undertaking" firms in some localities, who offer a price menu, biodegradable coffins and may facilitate green funerals. In 1995, the first "funeral supermarket" opened in London, replicating similar services in France. The Natural Death Centre may be able to update you on these services and offer you contact details.
Ownership of firms
There has been a decline in recent years of the local family operated funeral director. Few people notice many family funeral directors throughout the country are now operated by large firms. The new owners may be disclosed on shop signs or letter heads. These firms may continue trading upon the inference of the caring qualities and local connection of the old family firm. Similarly, older people tend to reflect upon the past socialist principals of the "Co-op" funeral service, which no longer applies.
Municipal funeral services
Municipal funeral services are available in some parts of the country. They are formed by local authorities contracting the service out to an existing funeral director. They offer fixed priced funerals, but otherwise usually follow traditional patterns. As the funeral is usually sold as a package, price transparency may not be offered. Nonetheless, the cost of the package may be less expensive than with a private funeral director. As in all cases, it is essential to obtain quotations before a decision is made.
The law
Common law recognises that a funeral consists of a sequence of tasks and events, all of which must be satisfactory. Where even a single element is performed unsatisfactory, the payment of the entire funeral account may be disputed by the person paying for the funeral. The disbursements are not part of the funeral directors charges and must be paid. In some areas, the disbursements may have to be paid in advance of the funeral.
It should be noted that whoever orders the funeral becomes liable for the funeral costs. In some cases, a friend has organised a funeral only to find that the deceased had no estate or monies. Consequently, they have found themselves liable for the whole cost of the funeral.
Paying for the funeral
You should reasonably expect to be given an itemised price list of the components of the funeral, which should include all costs.
Many people are concerned about their ability to pay for the funeral. Media reports about the high cost of funerals reinforce the perception that funerals are expensive. This worry can be reduced by considering the funeral in advance. This will enable costs to be identified and possibly reduced. The information in this will enable decisions to be made and quotations obtained in advance.
Some people alleviate the worry of paying for a funeral by purchasing a "Funeral Plan". For these people, several options are available. They require careful consideration in view of the extensive commercial promotion that funeral plans are now receiving. You also need to consider the possibility that cheaper funeral options may arise in the future, especially if the objectives of this Charter are successful.
If a funeral plan is purchased it is necessary to choose a cremation or burial package that meets your needs. These plans need to be considered very carefully, as some of the basic options may not prove sufficient when you actually die. For instance, extra may have to be paid for viewing the body, or embalming, if these items were not included in the plan. The plan may also be restricted to the use of a named funeral director. The Office of Fair Trading investigated funeral plans in 1994 and has recommended a number of safeguards to protect money paid into such schemes. It is necessary to ensure that the funds are held in trust, with independent trustees.
Funeral plans may be paid by instalments or by lump sum payment. This enables the funeral to be paid at current prices, without further worry about escalating funeral costs in the future. Payment can be made through any participating funeral director, or direct to "Golden Charter", "Chosen Heritage" or similar schemes.
Insurance companies offer policies to cover funeral bills, which you pay over a number of years. Also, some funeral directors will open a joint account with you, or offer other options to deposit money to pay the funeral account in the future.
If the person responsible for the funeral or their partner is receiving certain benefits, financial help to pay for the funeral may be available from the Social Fund. A priority order has been introduced to establish who should be considered "responsible" for the funeral payment. This may be one or more relatives. No commitment towards paying the funeral should be made until the responsible person(s) has been established.
Good advice on paying for the funeral and about funerals generally can be found in the publications issued by the Benefits Agency of Social Security. These include "Help when someone dies" (leaflet FB29) and "What to do after a death" (leaflet D49).
Age Concern are prominent regarding their funeral advice and offer a fact sheet called "Arranging a funeral". Other organisations offer help and the local Citizens Advice Bureau are a useful source of information.
The reduction of funeral costs by the use of "buyer" power does not appear to have been used in the U.K this assumes that large, representative groups of retired and/or aged people would prepare a funeral specification that fulfils the needs of the group members. This would be sent to funeral directors, who, based on a guaranteed number of funerals, may offer a lower, fixed price. This arrangement may appeal to the smaller, independent funeral director, who may carry lower overheads and be in a position to reduce costs. This arrangement does offer the group far more control over prices than would exist with any individual. The information in this Charter, together with the advice of the local Charter member, would facilitate the preparation of a funeral specification.
The ultimate cost of a funeral can be reduced by purchasing some elements in advance. For a burial, a grave can be purchased and a memorial placed prior to death. Although a coffin can be purchased or constructed in advance, it is necessary to ensure that it will be used by any funeral director contracted for the funeral.
Finally, when a person dies in hospital and there is nobody prepared to arrange and pay for the funeral, the Health Authority will fulfil this obligation. Similarly, local authorities have a duty to arrange the burial or cremation of any person who has died in their area. It must appear to the authority that no suitable arrangements for the disposal of the body have been or are being made otherwise than by the authority. The local authority can reclaim expenses from any estate. If there is no estate, a basic funeral will be arranged which may include the use of an unpurchased grave.
Donations at funerals
Some people are concerned at the excessive expenditure on wreaths and floral tributes at funerals. This is particularly evident in winter when the flowers may be damaged by frost or inclement weather within hours of the funeral. An alternative course is to organise a collection for a named charity, hospice or other deserving cause. This is often facilitated by requesting "family flowers" only or "no flowers by request".


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a certain level of respect and refrain from inappropriate behavior. Keep ordinary ICO advertisements to subreddits such as r/ethinvestor. Want exclusive analysis and crypto insights from m? Misleading titles Posts with purposely misleading or unsubstantiated titles will be removed. We will not censor posts based on personal ideology and welcome constructive discourse. getting Started, what is Ethereum? If you have a question, feel free to comment and ask it below. It is the largest community where cryptocurrency enthusiasts meet and discuss the technology. Please protect this community's philosophy by respecting our rules (see sidebar or scroll down). It is up to the discretion of the mods.
Together those determine your transaction fee. Total Supply, the total supply of bitcoin is predetermined; there can never be more than 21 million bitcoins created. A smart contract is a digital contract which conditions are carried out automatically through self-enforcing logic. Ethereum on the other hand does not have a max supply. Then, if the project gains real world utility, the price of the token should increases in value. This is why Ethereum is referred to as a decentralized computer.
Article s content: It s certainly po ssible that one day Ethereum could overtake Bitcoin.
Guide to Understanding Ethereum.
I m writing this predomi nantly for crypto-newbies.


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According to CSMS 18-000465 the merchandise processing fee is being adjusted for inflation and will increase on October 1, 2018.
The minimum MPF will be $26.22 (up from $25.67). The maximum MPF will be $508.70 (up from $497.99). The MPF for informal entries will increase from $2.05 to $2.10.
The MPF rate of 0.3464% will not increase at this time.
Please contact Vandegrift with any questions regarding the upcoming increases.


text:
Olivia Wilde won't be smiling for the cameras — at least not when the photographer is a creep stalking out a pregnant woman.
The actress — who is due to have her second baby "any minute" — bashed the paparazzi on Friday for skulking in the bushes and following her while she was strolling around Central Park this week.
"Death stare sent this weirdo photog with a giant nat geo lens scurrying backwards into the park bush he was literally, and I do mean literally, stalking me from," she wrote on Instagram, below an agency image showing her looking displeased on a park bench.
"When you see pics of people looking angry it's because they're reacting normally to an extremely abnormal situation," the 32-year-old continued.
Wilde said she shared the photo in order for people to understand how it feels to be followed by strange men, noting it's almost never by women.
She added that the paps were "climbing trees" to snap shots of pregnant ladies.
Last month, Wilde shamed subway riders in New York City for refusing to give up their seats for her, despite the fact she is visibly pregnant.
"NBD, able-bodied (subway emoji) riders who won't give your seat to a GIANT preggo," she wrote.
The "Vinyl" star announced she was pregnant with her second child back in April. She and fiancé Jason Sudeikis already have one child together, Otis, 2.
Wilde appeared in a YouTube video on Tuesday encouraging Americans to vote for reproductive rights, saying that she's "literally" about to have her second baby "in a minute."
The family lives in Clinton Hill, where they moved after selling their Meatpacking District apartment for $3.8 million back in June 2015, according to the Real Deal.


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Artist's Studio
SIRS was commissioned to re-design an artist's warehouse-studio in east London, which forms part of a georgian listed building terrace. The extent of works ranged from bespoke furniture to a complete interior design, works to the external courtyard and an environmental upgrade of the existing building envelope, including specialist triple glazed skylights and extensive storage areas.
Workstages: Feasibility to Handover
Client: Private Client
Date: 2010-2011
Size: 265 m2
Costs: undisclosed
Location: London, UK
Photography: SIRS


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Luke 1:57-80
What does it mean?
1. What has Luke told us about Elizabeth and Zechariah so far in chapter
2. Why does Luke give us all the details following Johns birth (circumcised, naming, etc.)?
3. Why is the name "John" so important and connected to Zechariah ability
to speak?
4. What were the people in 'wonder' of? Is there a difference between wonder and fear in vs. 63 and 65?
5. What's the ultimate result of John's birth and Zechariah's prophecy?
6. Why do you think Luke includes Zechariah being "filled with the Holy
Spirit" before his prophecy?
7. What are the big ideas of his prophecy?
8. How are the terms "salvation" and "rescue" used in Zechariah's
prophecy? (1:69, 71, 74, 77). Do they speak of military or spiritual
9. Luke's 1st story and last story in chapter 1 are about Zechariah, what's changed in this man between these 2 accounts?
10. How would you entitle this episode of Luke (what's the Big Idea)?
How does it apply?
1. Describe an experience of God's grace which came despite your failure or lack of faith.
2. Think of a time of doubt in your life. What was it that caused your doubting? What helped you stop your doubting?
3. Has there ever been a time where someone else's experience of God's
grace encouraged and challenged your faith? Share.
4. Have you ever been able to be like Zechariah, and prophecy/testify of God's grace and goodness? Explain.
5. Is there an area right now where you could use some more certainty of God's grace and goodness?
6. What would it look like if you could be more certain of God's grace and goodness in your life.


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Finished Leather
Product Description
Over the years, we have been offering top-of-the-line Finished Leather. This leather is uniquely processed from the skin of dead animals by our ingenious professionals in sync with the set industry norms. This is used for making jackets and home furnishing products. We offer this Finished Leather in numerous specifications to our prestigious customers.
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text: Share: Comments Print September 6, 2012 at 11:36 AM Missing Puyallup veteran found in Eastern Washington Posted by John de Leon A missing Puyallup veteran has been located in the George area of Eastern Washington, according to the Pierce County Sheriff's Department. Roy Alldritt and his dog were found last night in his pickup. He was disoriented and did not know where he was, the sheriff's department says. Alldritt was taken to a hospital in Quincy for evaluation. Alldritt, 89, a World War II veteran who who suffers from dementia and Alzheimer's, was last seen Tuesday, prompting a search. Comments | More in The Blotter | Topics: missing man, Pierce County sheriff, Puyallup


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Myra Kaha
Life begins well, it begins enclosed, protected, all warm in the bosom of a house. - Gaston Bachelard, The Poetics of Space, 1969.
Kaha was raised by Midwestern intellectuals: an artist and an architect. This inspired an early interest in structure and the abstract. She started making pots and mending books at about the same time, which spurred her interest in physical and metaphoric containers. This odd collection of influences evolved and she continues to address these ideas in her work. Myra currently lives in Seattle, works at Pratt Fine Art Center and is a past resident at Pottery Northwest.
artist STATEMENT
Myra Kaha was captivated at an early age by the dichotomy of structure and the abstract. Over time she began to understand the ways in which these seemingly different concepts are significantly connected and work in concert with each other. Myra explores these ideas using architecture as abstract containers, engaged by the protection both provide. She utilizes this idea to create concrete manifestations of the spaces we inhabit in our daily lives and our nightly dreams.
Myra is represented by Vetri Gallery, Seattle WA


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Gigerenzer, G. (2015). Simply Rational: Decision Making in the Real World. Oxford University Press.
Abstract: Statistical illiteracy can have an enormously negative impact on decision making. This book brings together applied and theoretical research on risks and decision making across the fields of medicine, psychology, and economics. Collectively, the chapters demonstrate why the frame in which statistics are communicated is essential for broader understanding and sound decision making, and that understanding risks and uncertainty has wide-reaching implications for daily life. The text provides a review and catalog of concrete instances of heuristics, or rules of thumb, that people and animals rely on to make decisions under uncertainty, explaining why these are very often more rational than probability models. After a critical look at behavioral theories that do not model actual psychological processes, the book concludes with a call for a "heuristic revolution" that will enable us to understand the ecological rationality of both statistics and heuristics, and bring a dose of sanity to the study of rationality.
Buy the book: Gigerenzer, G. (2015). Simply Rational: Decision Making in the Real World. Oxford University Press.
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text: By Craig Leerman • May 20, 2019 The Shure 55SW (Image courtesy of tookapic) Ask any person on the planet to think of a vintage microphone, and the Shure Model 55 is what probably comes to mind. This iconic mic was introduced in 1939, and two models that sport the distinctive box shape are still in the Shure catalog. Pretty good for a design celebrating more than 75 years! Not only is the Model 55 one of the best looking mics ever made, it also introduced a breakthrough technology in using just a single dynamic element and achieving pattern control. Up to that time, attaining anything other than an omnidirectional pattern meant using more than one diaphragm and combining their outputs. This resulted in a large mic head that usually didn't sound all that good because the elements were spaced apart and usually had different frequency responses. The author's 1946 Shure Model 55 on a vintage Snyder desk stand. Shure developed the mic element in the 1930s, using small ports that allowed sound waves to reach both sides of a diaphragm at different times, resulting in a more linear frequency response. The design is called UNIDYNE (short for Unidirectional Dynamic), and it's a basis of many designs today, including another icon, the SM58. The element of the Model 55 was also suspended on springs dampened with foam to isolate the diaphragm from handling noise. The combination of great sound, compact size, cardioid pattern and classic styling made the Model 55 an instant hit. By the 1950s, it was so recognizable that a company advertisement simply featured a picture of the mic and copy reading "Used the World Over More Than Any Other Microphone" and "The Microphone That Needs No Name." The King & Mic The Model 55 has changed over the years. When introduced it came in three types: the 55A, optimized for 35-50 ohm low impedance; the 55B, built for 200-250 ohm systems; and the 55C, designed for use with high impedance equipment. The next year, a new broadcast version offered an isolation mount called the model 555. The broadcast version became the 556 in 1947, and the three types were replaced with a single model that featured a multi-impedance selector switch at the rear of the mic head. Several variations over the years, including, left to right, 55 "Fathead, 55S, 556S broadcast, 55SH Series II, Super 55. In 1951, a smaller 55 hit the market, offering improved isolation of the cartridge and a wider frequency response. It was available as the 55S standard and the 556 shock mount broadcast version. The larger 55 was discontinued the following year. By the way, the larger model is commonly referred to as the "Fatboy" while the smaller model picked up the moniker of the "Elvis" microphone, memorialized on a commemorative postage stamp (with "The King") that was issued by the U.S. Postal Service in 1993. The springs and foam used to isolate the UNIDYNE element in the 1946 model. The head shape of the smaller 55 has remained the same, but the base eventually changed to a more modern design with a built-in XLR connector. (Earlier models had used the three pin Amphenol-type connector.) By the late 1970s, the multi-impedance switch was gone, with only a low-impedance version available. While the inner workings were periodically upgraded to improve sound quality, the most visible change was to the material lining the housing behind the grill. The silk lining material started as reddish-brown, then was changed to blue silk, and then to black silk, with later models switching from silk to black or blue foam. The standard finish was satin chrome, but the mics were also available for a time with a gold finish. Currently, two models are available as new. The 55SH Series II has a cardioid pattern, an on/off switch, and black foam behind the grill, while the Super 55 offers a supercardioid pattern, no switch, and blue foam. Both offer the latest iteration of UNIDYNE technology. I had wanted a Model 55 ever since I started playing music, and found my first one at a swap meet several years ago. This early 1940s Fatboy 55C had been used with a ham radio rig and was considered too dated and bulky by the previous owner. The three-pin connector on the 1946 Model 55, as well as the built-in stand mount and three-position impedance switch. It usually sits on my desk, one of only three mics on display at my house. My most recent model is a modern Super 55 that is part of my working inventory, providing a cool vintage look with modern sound pickup. Shure Model 55B "Fatboy" Specs Transducer Type: Non-metallic diaphragm dynamic Polar Pattern: Cardioid Frequency Response: 40 Hz – 10 kHz +/- 10 dB Sensitivity: -74 dB at 600 ohms Nominal Impedance: Switchable, 200-250 ohms Size: 7.7 x 3.2 x 3.5 inches Net Weight: 2.7 lbs Retail price for a new one in 1940: $26.46 Read more of Craig's Microfiles articles here. About Craig Craig Leerman Senior Contributing Editor, ProSoundWeb & Live Sound International Craig has worked in a wide range of roles in professional audio for more than 30 years in a dynamic career that encompasses touring, theater, live televised broadcast events and even concerts at the White House. Currently he owns and operates Tech Works, a regional production company that focuses on corporate events based in Reno. http://techworksreno.com/ Comments Have something to say about this PSW content? Leave a comment! Cancel reply Scroll past the "Post Comment" button below to view any existing comments. Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *Comment Name * Email * Website This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. Marco C. van der Hoeven says Listed price for a 55B was $45 (as well as for the 55C, and $42.50 for the 55A). In 2014 a jubilee replica was made: the 5575 in a limited edition of 5575. The replica is not perfect since the two large screws at the back are omitted and the capsule is a modern Unidyne 3. Tom Passamonte says Great article! Thank You.I have been aware of these mics since I was a kid.My Dad was a professional singer,and had a couple of these.Wish I still had them.I do own three of the modern ones. A 55 with the Black foam,a Super 55 with the Blue foam,and a Black Matte finish model.All of these models sound great ,and I get a lot of people coming up to me on my gigs,asking about my mic.People are fascinated with these.It's really nice to see an article like this.Thank you again. Tagged with: 55 Craig Leerman Heritage and History Microfiles Microphone World Microphones Shure · all topics Subscribe to Live Sound International Subscribe to Live Sound International magazine. Stay up-to-date, get the latest pro audio news, products and resources each month with Live Sound. Subscribe Today!


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CHICAGO (CBS.MW) - Share of McDonald's were under pressure in early trading Monday after a JP Morgan analyst slashed his rating while other analysts lowered earnings expectations.
Shares of the world's largest maker of hamburgers and fries shrunk by 2 percent once the market opened. In recent action, shares were down 34 cents to $27.31.
Morgan analyst John Ivankoe said in a note to clients that "weak visibility" on both the U.S. strategy and global results prompted him to downgrade the stock to "market performer" from "long-term buy."
On Friday, McDonald's MCD, +0.23% warned that it would come up shy of profit projections for the first quarter, hurt by ongoing international problems, particularly in Turkey and Japan. The Oak Brook, Ill.-based company is closing a number of stores in Turkey and is battling consumer fears over mad cow's disease in Japan - even though it uses beef form Australia and New Zealand in Japanese restaurants.
McDonald's said earnings will be 29 or 30 cents a share, as much as 2 cents below the Thomson Financial/First Call consensus of analysts' estimates.
That triggered a bevy of estimate revisions, as well as Ivankoe's downgrade.
Ivankoe's concerned about the international problems, coupled with flat same-store sales in domestic restaurants. He's also been persuaded that a major push on quality, service and cleanliness - or QSC - will make a major difference in sales.
"We are still not convinced that the strategy will drive sufficient growth to offset increased costs associated with the program," he said. "Furthermore, we view the operation improvement more as a defensive, instead of offensive, mechanism that may at best protect traffic and sales volumes."