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Appendix D
Appendix D is the fourth Appendix to The Lord of the Rings and is entitled Calendars. In it, Tolkien outlines the various calendar systems used in Middle-earth. These include the Shire Calendar, the Calendar of Imladris (or Reckoning of Rivendell), and the Númenorean systems of the King's Reckoning and the Stewards' Reckoning.
Special prominence is given to the Shire Calendar, for which a complete table of the days and months of the year is provided.
This Appendix also gives the names of the seasons, months, and days of the week in Quenya and Sindarin and the names of the months and days of the week according to the Shire Calendar.
The Lord of the Rings Appendices | |
Appendix A · Appendix B · Appendix C · Appendix D · Appendix E · Appendix F |


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by Ringo Le
I recently attended the Palm Springs Cinema Diverse Film Festival where my film, Big Gay Love, was selected to play at the festival...and received the Festival Favorite Film Award!
Joined by HIH's very own Hiko Mitsuzuka, we hit up several local spots that should be on everyone's PS Must List...
Brunch: Jake's Restaurant (664 N Palm Canyon Dr.)
The best brunch place. Hands down. The Stand-Out: the BLT Bloody Marys (with bacon-infused vodka). Favorites: the "Eggs in Purgatory": sunny side up over a bed of baked tomatoes, cheese, olives and sausage served with potatoes and fruit...and "The Lobster Po-Boy," their version of a lobster roll with generous heaps of lobster inside a brioche bun. To. Die. For.
Dinner: Wang's in the Desert (424 S Indian Canyon Dr.)
This place has the mid-century modern American Chinese kitsch you'd expect in a place like PS. We had a table for 8, and the hostess was very rude and unaccommodating. The food was oily and bland. But if the company is fun, you're fine. Redemptive are the $5 Mai Tais they had during dinner.
Hangover Cure: Pho 553 (1775 E Palm Canyon Dr., Ste 625)
Most of the time I love Ma-and-Pa restaurants. A little divey and a little disorganized I'm fine with. But when they have Western restaurant prices, I expect my bowl of pho not to be the size of a rice bowl. That's just plain wrong. Size-wise, their mediums are really small, and their larges are really regular.
Comfort Food: Sherman's Deli & Bakery (401 E Tahquitz Canyon Way)
Across from the famed Renaissance Hotel is a Jewish deli. Who knew? What I love about this place is the American-style hospitality. And the portions are generous! I ordered matzoh ball soup, and it was huge! I couldn't eat anything else afterward. Their bakery also has a wide selection from lemon bars to blintzes.
Dessert: Over the Rainbow (1775 E Palm Canyon Rd Ste 150)
I'm a sucker for red velvet cake -- or any cake for that matter -- and this place delivers. It's so moist and without being oily, I don't know how they do it. Next time I must come back for their bacon and pancake cupcakes!
Caffeine Break: Koffi (515 N Palm Canyon Dr.)
The aromas are so powerful here you can easily get a contact buzz. A regular cup of Joe will wake you up...And hands down the best getaway place in town to do a little writing.
And then there were our accomodations...
Renaissance Hotel (888 E Tahquitz Canyon Way)
The rooms are luxurious, and the pool is endless. No wonder: they hold the annual White Party here. Off season or during the film festival, it's a perfect palce to have a drink on the porch with friends and catch up. The prices? Pretty decent.
Triangle Inn (555 San Lorenzo Rd.)
Clothing optional + gay men = trouble? If you're looking for a relaxing time and a chance to do your own thing, this place is a piece of old-school Palm Springs that's not to be missed. The owner is also one of the festival organizers for the Palm Springs LGBT Film Festival (filmmakers, get friendly).

subset: commoncrawl


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Best of the Week
I'm through two days of Hanukkah and have yet to eat a latke or a jelly doughnut. Trying to stay healthy! We'll see how the weekend goes though. I wouldn't bet on myself.
Want to try out some new toppings to spice up your latkes? Try making these great dips and toppings.
Sure, you've been lighting the candles, but do you remember WHY we celebrate Hanukkah. Freshen up on your knowledge of the Maccabean Revolt.
Again, watch God teach Todd how to light Hanukkah candles.
Don't know how to make latkes? This recipe is quite easy and yummy.
Finally, you'd be shocked how many people don't know how to play dreidel. You might be one of them. Here are the rules.


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If you've tuned into the Internet (or pick your media poison) today, you've probably heard about Reese Witherspoon and husband Jim Toth getting arrested over the weekend—he for drunk driving, she for disorderly conduct. The police report alleged America's sweetheart was blotto and belligerent, telling the arresting officer she didn't believe him a real cop and asking him "Do you know my name?"
Witherspoon issued an apology this morning, admitting that she "clearly had one drink too many" and was "deeply embarrassed" about the things she said.
"It was definitely a scary situation and I was frightened for my husband, but that is no excuse," it said. "I was disrespectful to the officer who was just doing his job. The words I used that night definitely do not reflect who I am."
So … okay. But do we believe her? It's a rhetorical question, of course, but it sparked a lively debate among the Blisstree writers this morning.
Lisa Marie Basile: I'm sad Reese acted meanly.
Carrie Murphy: Haha I dont think she acted meanly. I think she was just drunk.
Lisa: That's a good point
Carrie: I mean, if you're that type A, youre gonna get snippy when you're drunk.
Lisa: It's probably how we'd all behave.
Carrie: I think its interesting that people criticize celebrities for using their celebrity clout, but i thnk anyone would do the same thing. When i was in high school I almost got arrested once but I was with a girl whose brother was a cop. So she was all "yeah do you know officer brown? he's my brother." and bam, not arrested.
Lisa: Haha, yeah, for sure. // It's natural, I think, and it really takes a moment to pull that sort of language back. // But at the same time, I agree it's no excuse.
Sam Escobar: Meh, I think being entitled to special treatment despite doing something as dangerous as drunk driving is not chill.
Elizabeth Nolan Brown: Uh-oh, debate!
Sam: I'm a firm believer in non-entitlement!
Carrie: I think it's funny. I mean, everyone is all OMG Reese, but … it doesnt surprise me at all.
Lisa: I am too, Sam. I do think lots of people would pull that shiz, but some people would hold back.
Sam: I would just shut up. Because it's the best thing to do, in that situation.
Lisa: It's definitely shitty of her.
Carrie: I also think its rude for any cop to tell a woman to "sit on her butt." // She's not a kindergartener
Lisa: Haha, yeah, well. Atlanta.
Sam: She shouldn't have acted like a child, then.
Lisa: I lived out there for a while. I love the South, but the whole culture toward women is bizarre.
Sam: I think her attitude just exemplifies how celebrities like Lindsay Lohan and the like believe that being famous should result in special treatment despite doing things that could literally kill somebody. // Granted, Witherspoon only defended that behavior, but still. // It's childish. And dangerous.
Carrie: But Reese Witherspoon is pretty far from Lindsay Lohan, don't you think?
Sam: Meh, apparently not. // I would normally say yes though!
Carrie: I mean, yeah her husband should not have drove drunk—Why don't celebrities just get cabs?
Sam: Right???? They have so much access to car services.
Carrie: ESPECIALLY Lindsay Lohan; why won't she call a cab?????? Like, girl. this has happened to you MORE THAN ONCE. Hire a car.


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Canada Ontario
Casual Real Weddings
Casual Vintage
Event Venue Outdoor Winery
Ivory Light Pink Pink
Peony Rose
Let's talk about perfect ways to celebrate your Big Day, shall we? Because this darling Peninsula Ridge Estate Winery affair most definitely falls in that category. I'm talking lovely afternoon "I do's" followed by a laid-back meets all kinds of gorgeous reception chock-full of beautiful blooms and one heartwarming moment after another captured by Contagious Design + Photo. See them all right here.
From the Bride… We wanted our wedding to be intimate with warm weather and delicious food and wine, surrounded by our nearest and dearest family and friends in a beautiful location. My perspective was that, and that it happened!
Our family did so much for our wedding. My sister and cousins came into town three days before the wedding and helped me from the minute they got off the plane. My brothers set up pretty much all the hard stuff – I handed them the chandelier and they figured out how to rig it up in the tree…. we rented a cotton candy machine and my brother made the cotton candy.
We even had my grandpa bending wire for the aisle runner! I also had two amazing work friends and colleagues that came the morning of the wedding and really made everything come together for décor and set-up. We couldn't have done it without all of them! It was a major group effort. It was so special to us all the people that came to our wedding – to have Sean's grandpa and grandma who are in their late 90's was so amazing. Our favourite part of the day – probably the "I almost promise" vows from Sean.
It was a breathtaking day with a morning ceremony, light lunch and wine to go with it. The setting was just perfect, there was a cool breeze that made everything seem just right. The vineyards all around us as the guests sipped on lemonade and played lawn games. There was so much going on and it seemed like everyone was having a great time and relaxing with a drink in hand. So many people who shared in the love of the day that made it perfect.
Photography: Contagious Design + Photo | Wedding Gown: David's Bridal | Ceremony Venue: Peninsula Ridge Estates Winery | Reception Venue: Peninsula Ridge Estates Winery | Jewelry: Aldo | Rings: Barry's Jewelers | Bridesmaid Dresses: Dress Barn | Catering: Peninsula Ridge Estates Winery | Grooms Attire: Moore's Clothing | Groomsmen Attire: Moore's Clothing


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At our Post Seed 2016 event last Dec.1, Andre Gharakhanian, Founder and Partner at Silicon Legal Strategy led the panel session of Founders and Partners including Leo Polovets, Partner at Susa Ventures; Marc Michel, Managing Partner at Runway Venture Partners; Jim Andelman, Co-founder and Managing Partner at Rincon Venture Partners; and Jed Katz, Managing Director at Javelin Venture Partners. Post Seed is hosted by Vator, Bullpen Capital and Haystack.
Vator (short for innovator) is an awesome business network dedicated to high-tech entrepreneurs and investors. Vator consists of Vator.co, the online network with 150,000-plus members; VatorX - a platform to help filter for great startups; Vator Investment Club - made up of Vator investor members who invest in Vator-curated startups; Vator Media, which includes VatorNews, a provider of analysis, commentary, and news about innovation and venture capital, and Vator Events, which organizers the Splash startup series and Post Seed conference.
Bullpen Capital is a second round investor that invests in companies previously seeded by the Super Angel funds. Bullpen's founders include Paul Martino, founder and former CEO of Aggregate Knowledge, Duncan Davidson, founder of Covad and former venture partner at VantagePoint, and Richard Melmon, co-founder of Electronic Arts.
Haystack is a seed-stage fund.
If you want to invest in startups selected by Vator, join the Vator Investment Club.
Thanks to our amazing top-tier PostSeed 2016 sponsors: CV Brokerage Inc, Silicon Legal Strategy, Rincon Venture Partners, Bread and Butter, SurfAir, Soothe and Bixel Exchange.
Editor's Note: SplashX LA is around the corner on January 19 at TechStyle Fashion HQ in Los Angeles. Speakers include Richard Jun (Managing Partner, Bam Ventures), Brian Garett (Co-founder and Managing Director, CrossCut Ventures), Laurent Grill (Luma Launch), Kevin Zhang (Upfront Ventures), Colleen Poynton (Core Innovation Capital), Mitch Thrower (Founder & CEO, Events.com), Carmen Palafox (Make in LA) and many more. Join us! REGISTER HERE.


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more adorable puppies are on the way.
Midas the Golden Retriever
Featured on 09/29/2013
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Hi, my name is Midas and, as it suggests, I have a golden touch. I have a tendency to fall in love with everyone and every dog I come in ...more


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The Dansbury Park Swimming Pool is kicking off the summer season Saturday.
The pool will be open weekends from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. starting Memorial Day weekend, with weekday hours beginning June 17. Weekday hours are scheduled for 12:30 p.m. to 7 p.m. at the Dansbury Park pool, located on Day Street in East Stroudsburg.
Swim lesson registration is slated for June 19, 20 and 21 from 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. Lessons begin June 26 and continue on weekdays from 10:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m. until Aug. 2.
Contact the East Stroudsburg Borough Office at 570-421-8300 for more information.
Dansbury Park pool opening Saturday
May 20, 2013 at 1:40 PM
May 20, 2013 at 1:42 PM


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Eric T. Peterson recently left Visual Sciences to focus his attention on strategic consulting through his company Web Analytics Demystified. I spoke with Eric yesterday about his new focus.
Eric said that his focus on strategic consulting came about because he saw problems with how companies were utilizing web analytics. He indicated that "part of organizations are good at web analytics", but "very few organizations are good at web analytics throughout the organization". This speaks to a failure to get the best ROI from a company's web analytics investment.
It's common for organizations that invest in web analytics to setup a team that focuses on analytics, and then does a good job with it within that team. But the value of analytics does not stop there. For example, getting the marketing team engaged and benefiting from analytics is something that is often not done as well as it could be. In addition, getting senior management buy in for ongoing investments in analytics is usually quite a bit easier if they are being fed the metrics for the business that they are looking for.
These are the types of areas that Web Analytics Demystified is going to focus on. This enables them to focus on the strategic view, and therefore work with other companies that provide services such as web vendor selection, implementation assistance, and business analysis of the analytics data as it comes in.
In addition, Web Analytics Demystified recently announced a partnership with Aquent, the world's largest marketing staffing firm. This partner will help Eric's new venture gain steam fast.
Aquent works with something like 90% of the Fortune 100, and will frequently receive requests from it's clients for people to staff an analytics team. Eric can then help ensure that Aquent's clients get the most out of their analytics investment by providing strategic consulting.
Related reading
4 ways to get ahead of the marketing personalization curve
Sure, some apps are doing personalized push notifications, but what happens when your users are in the app?
Has the marketing cloud lived up to the hype?
Since cloud computing first gained mainstream attention around 2009, its popularity has exploded. Promising increased efficiency, flexibility and cost-effectiveness, it was hailed as the ultimate business solution. But are users seeing the benefits?
Heavy discounts and post-Black Friday lull create challenges for retailers
According to The NPD Group, many retailers could struggle to make the entire holiday shopping season a successful one compared to 2015.
What exactly is a marketing cloud, and do you need one?
The term 'marketing cloud' has gained significant traction in the last few years as major software companies have sought to monetise the growing importance of technology for marketing teams.


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HILLSVILLE — One Carroll teaching position will be eliminated as a result of a funding shortfall for the tight 2014 budget, schools officials said at their Tuesday board meeting.
For the remainder of the gap, Carroll County Public Schools will share the impact as their health insurance offerings are shifted to less expensive plans.
Many of the school board members sat in the audience during Monday's Carroll Board of Supervisors meeting as the supervisors funded 98 percent of the education request.
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Wild 9 Walkthrough and Guide
Welcome to the Wild 9 Walkthrough where our team of contributors will help you work through the game via a step-by-step tutorial. A Gamewise walkthrough aims to take you all the way through the game to 100% completion including unlockable quests and items.
If you are stuck on something specific and are unable to find any answers in our Wild 9 Walkthrough then be sure to ask the Wild 9 Forum / Community for help and advice in the discussion box below and they will get back to you as soon as possible with an answer!
Finally, if you have been playing Wild 9 and wish to help other users, feel free to sign up and start contributing!
Wild 9 Overview
Wild 9 is an action game developed by Shiny Entertainment and released on PlayStation.


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The director of this Manoj Bajpayee-Arjan Bajwa starrer is the protégé of the man who directed films like Cash and RA.One. That is hint enough to tell you what to expect…
To begin with, the director of Lanka, Maqbool Khan, has totally lived up to his mentor Anubhav Sinha's benchmark. The female protagonist of the film is almost as confused as the heroine of RA.One, played by Kareena Kapoor, who danced with a robot who looked like her dead husband. The lead protagonist (or antagonist) played by Manoj Bajpayee in Lanka, along with Arjan Bajwa, the actor who plays the part of his brother, are blessed with powers only superheroes can boast of. They don't literally fly around but, God forbid, if you do end up watching the film, you'll nod your head in agreement with me.
The film is set in a far away land called Bijnaur, supposedly somewhere in Uttar Pradesh, where there is no law or order. People live and die by the gun and their only idea of fun is an item number by Shveta Salve (which is the only watchable portion of this film). The story idea seems to have originated or have been written by someone who was smoking something really interesting in the badlands of Uttar Pradesh while flipping through a few pages of the epic Ramayana.
There are probably only two people responsible for the torture that is Lanka – the main culprit being the writer and his cohort being Arjan Bajwa, who has one single expression – that of someone who is angry or badly constipated. The film is the story of Jaswant Sisiodia (Manoj Bajpayee) who holds a powerful position. He is able to rape a medical student (Tia Bajpai) with her parents in the next room; the girl cannot get justice, because everyone in her town is afraid of her tormentor. The medical student's father (played by Yatin Karyekar) is Chief Medical Officer in the district and can, amazingly, lead a normal life while he knows his daughter is being sexually harassed on an almost-daily basis.
Things change when the villain's brother (who is supposed to let his brother down a la Vibhishan who causes Raavan's downfall in the Ramayana), played by an almost expressionless Arjan Bajwa, enters the scene and falls in love with the girl. The exploitation continues, however and Bajwa's character is unable to decide who he is going to save his loyalties for: his brother or his newfound love.
Maqbool Khan's Lanka could be considered one of the worst films of Bollywood in 2011. Arjan Bajwa casually goes in and out of hospital as if it were a pub. Tia Bajpai, who is supposed to be the central character, doesn't evoke any sympathy, primarily because she behaves like an idiot – despite being an educated medical student, she continues to be exploited.
Manoj Bajpayee tries to deliver, but the premise that he needs to follow is itself too shallow for his talent to be effective. The songs are pedestrian, as is everything else.
The makers have spent a lot of money to little avail. Avoid Lanka, even if you are a huge fan of Manoj Bajpayee, or else you might need a repeat viewing of Satya or Kaun to reaffirm your faith in him as a star actor.


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This summer, the state updated its student-information system. This affected Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools. The new statewide system, called PowerSchool, is intended to provide parents with access to grades, attendance records, transcripts and schedules. PowerSchool will replace Parent Assistant starting mid-August 2013. CMS staff has been working with the Department of Public Instruction in Raleigh to help make this transition a smooth one for our parents and schools.
Click here for more information on how to access PowerSchool.


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By the Rev. Dr. Ed Hird
Recently I decided to watch one of the great classics 'My Fair Lady'. As I entered into the world of 19th century England, I found myself alternately laughing and weeping. 'My Fair Lady' refreshed my soul.
There are so many great lessons to be learnt from the historic classics, including the loverliest motion picture of them all! 'My Fair Lady' in some ways feels like a movie written for the 21st century, because it so accurately names the angst of contemporary gender confusion and role ambiguity. There is a fascinating dichotomy between the two songs: 'Why can't a woman be more like a man?' and 'Just you wait, 'Enry 'Iggins, just you wait…' 'My Fair Lady' accurately names the 'flight from woman' so vividly described by Leanne Payne in her classic book 'Crisis in Masculinity'.
More than ever, like Liza's father Alfred Doolittle, many men are afraid to commit to a lasting relationship. Marriage has become the new four-letter word.
"The gentle sex was made for man to marry but, with a little bit o' luck, With a little bit o' luck, You can have it all and not get hooked!"
'My Fair Lady' (1964) was honored with twelve Academy Award nominations and eight wins, including Best Picture, Best Actor (Rex Harrison), Best Director (Cukor's only Best Director award in his career), Best Color Cinematography (in widescreen 70 mm), Best Color Art Direction/Set Decoration, Best Sound, Best Score (Andre Previn), and Best Color Costume Design (Cecil Beaton).
My Fair Lady was director George Cukor's film musical adaptation of George Bernard Shaw's 1912 play Pygmalion with 2,717 performances on Broadway from 1956 to 1962. 'My Fair Lady' became the longest-running production in Broadway history, outdistancing the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical play, Oklahoma!, which had held that record up to then.
Roger Herbert the film critic noted that Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe struggled with turning George Bernard Shaw's PYGMALION into a musical off and on from 1952. Prior to that, Rodgers and Hammerstein had worked on it for a year before giving up, defeated. In 1954, Lerner hit upon the idea of setting to music the things that in Shaw's play happened off stage between acts.
It is hard to think of a movie that has had so many memorable songs, including: "I Could Have Danced All Night," "Oh, Wouldn't It Be Loverly," "The Street Where You Live," "I'm Getting Married in the Morning," and "With a Little Bit of Luck." The 'proof of the pudding' is that for the last two weeks I keep spontaneously breaking into song or whistling hits from 'My Fair Lady'.
George Bernard Shaw chose the original play's name 'Pygmalion'. Pygmalion was a king of Cyprus and a great sculptor. He, like Henry Higgins, was a confirmed bachelor and lived exclusively for his art. But one day he fell in love with the statue of a beautiful woman he had made and he prayed that the statue would come alive. His prayer was heard. When Pygmalion embraced the statue, it came alive and he married the woman, Galatea, he had himself created.
The show was for a while called LIZA and then LADY LIZA. Fritz Loewe wanted to call it FANFAROON, an obscure English term for someone who blows his own fanfare. MY FAIR LADY was picked as the title everyone detested the least!
'My Fair Lady' reminded me that many women don't feel good about being women. They certainly don't feel like 'My Fair Lady'. Many of them secretly feel like Eliza Doolittle the 'guttersnipe' flower girl. 'My Fair Lady' reminds us that God wants to affirm women in their femininity, their beauty, intelligence and worth.
Henri Higgins said to Liza, "Remember that you are a human being with a soul and the divine gift of articulate speech, that your native language is the language of Shakespeare and Milton and The Bible.". So too Jesus Christ says to each of us: "Remember that you are a human being with a soul". Jesus the bridegroom calls all of us spiritually (both men and women!) to be his bride, his beautiful princess beautifully dressed for her husband, washed clean of any stains and wrinkles (Ephesians 5:26, Revelation 21:2). Just as Liza was received by the King of Transylvania as a princess, so Jesus the King wants to call us 'My Fair Lady'. No matter what moral or spiritual gutter that you may fallen into in your life, your truest identity in King Jesus is as 'My Fair Lady'.


text: Did you know?One of Jacksonville's many natural assets is one of the largest urban park systems in the country. — COJ.net 2011 Winter Meeting in Jacksonville, Florida. January 8-12, 2011Agenda PreviewSort by:Sessions & PanelsFind out more and become a part of WM2011 on: Facebook | Twitter Some photos courtesy of VisitJacksonville.com |


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Halacha is the Jewish code of law that was derived from the Bible through the tools of exigesis and handed down, according to tradition, from Moses when he received the law at Mt. Sinai. The word, coming from the hebrew root H-L-CH, walk, is a conjugation meaning "the way," or "the path." It is supposed to be a definitive set of rules regarding the permissibility of any give action in Judaism.
Halacha is typically divided into two categories, Bein Adam L'Chaveiro, (Between a man and his fellow) and Bein Adam L'Makom (Between a man and God.) This includes everything from an understanding of what beleifs define a Jew, to who is responsible if an animal does damage, to What foods are and are not permissible to eat. Also included in the category of Halacha is the legal codes for the Temple, when it will be rebuilt, and what is ritually pure and impure, whether the laws have any practical value currently or not.
The oldest source for the Halacha is the bible, which is, on some level, the source for all of the laws. There are 13 exigetical laws to derive what the law is from the actual verses. These law include such idea as when a verse first lists a general rule, and then a specific law, the law comes to limit the application of the genral statement, whereas when the general rule follows the specific law, its means that the rule applies to any case similar to the case of the specific law, in addition to the cases where it would normally apply. Using these rules, sources are identified in the Mishna and Talmud for the laws which were handed down from Moses. Parenthetically, it is important to note that when the Mishna, then later the Talmud was written, the laws themselves, for the most part, were clear to everyone involved, and only in very specific cases is there any lack of clarity.
After the Bible was written, the Jews went to the land of Israel, where, except for a 70 year exile between the first and second temples, the law was kept continuously for 9 centuries. Most questions of the law during this time, of course, were trivial; monetary judgements, damages, etc. questions of whether something was ritually pure or not. These cases were dealt with by a court of three rabbis, of which there might be many in a single city, and certainly one in every town. More important cases were deferred to a court of twenty three; if a capital case were to occur, it would need to be tried in front of one of these courts, though actual death penalties were rare, and intended to be a deterrent. (Tractate Makkos, near end of the first chapter) Another reason that a case might come in front of the regional court of 23 is if a local court did not know what the rule should be. In this case, all of the judges would be polled, and if one of them remembered the rule, it would be discussed and verified, and the case would be resolved. If, however, the case remained insoluble, it would be referred to the national court of 71, located in the Temple, where the Judges would once again be polled. The other reason the court of 71 might be consulted is if one of several cases occured; If there was a rabbi who rebelled against the court (Deut. 17, 8) or if an entire city indulges in Idol worship (Deut. 21, 17). If, however, the case is truly new, and none of the judges has learned of it from their teachers, this court of 71 is empowered to interpret the law, based on their understanding of the law, and make a decision, which is duly recorded in case it re-occurs. (This is according to the Rambam's understanding of the system, where it is not clear from the Mishna, in Tractate Sanhedrin, what occurs.)
Once, however, the second temple was destroyed, and consequently the death penalty (and the punishment of lashes, which is also considered part of that category of punishments) was stopped, the courts of 23 were no longer convened. The court of 71, the Sanhedrin, lasted longer, (see Tractate Gittin for the full story of this occuurance,) and made many rulings that allowed Judaism to survive the long exile from the land of Israel. Eventually, however, this too was disbanded. For many years, the teachings were passed down from teacher to student purely orally, like it had been at the time of the Temple. Eventually, however, there was a concern that the law would be forgotten, and a set of notes were committed to writing, on which there was much unstated teachings that could be taught, still, from teacher to student. This compilation was the Mishna. In the next several centuries, as the Jews were further dispersed, there was a concern that even this knowledge was being lost, and it was decided to compile the Talmud. First the Jerusalem Talmud (sometimes erroneously referred to as the Palestinian Talmud,) then the Babylonian Talmud were compiled, from approximately 300 C.E. until 500 C.E. These recorded discussions of the time clarifying exactly what the disagreements in the Misna were, and often introduced new disagreements, or resolved how to rule in old ones.
The Babylonian Talmud was, for several centuries, the definitive understanding of what the Halacha was in any given situation, with the Jerusalem Talmud as an auxillary source, used if the Babylonian Talmud did not discuss a subject. During this time, the talmud was either the direct source of the law, or in cases that were not discussed, the direct source of the Rabbis that answered questions. These responsa are the main remaining literature from the period, and it is clear that the judgements made were based specifically on rules or logical deductions from the Talmud. After approximately five hundred years, the midevil comentators began to record their understanding of the talmud, section by section, line by line. The most renown of these commentators is Rashi, who wrote the first, and definitive commentary on how to understand the discussion in the Talmud, line by line, around the year 1100.
In the next several centuries, more commentaries were written by various Rabbis, notably (and approximately Chronologically, excuse my memory for any lapses) Tosafos, the Riff, the Rambam, the Rush, the Ran, the Ritva, the Rashba, the Tur, and Rav Yoseph Cairo. Several of these are notable in the development of Halacha. Firstly, the Riff re-wrote a version of the Babylonian Talmud containing only the parts that he felt were applicable to the Halacha, leaving out the Aggadata (see Talmud,) the discussion leading up to the conclusion that does not add to the final understanding, and any dissenting opinion. This was his life's work, and was the first major step in modern Halachic thought. (This was still in the 13th century.) Following him, the Rambam wrote the forerunner of all later Halachic works, his Mishna Torah, also known as the "Yad Chazakah." This was a new compilation of the law, organized differently than the Mishna (into fourteen sections, instead of six,) the first person to do this. It was also monumental, and unique, in that it included laws that did not apply at the time, such as the laws of sacrifices in the temple, and ritual purity. After this, the next major step towards modern Halacha was the Tur, who once again re-arranged the law, and split it into four sections. The sections are especially important because Rav Yoseph Cairo followed it when he wrote his work, the Shulchan Aruch.
The Shulchan Aruch, written around 1400, was writeen, much like the Rambam's Mishna Torah, as a definitive source of Halacha. Instead of compiling his own thoughts, however, he distilled everything up to that point. Starting with the Tur's organization, he went through and reasoned out the various understandings of the Midieval, coming to a conclusion which he stated in large part by quoting sections of the various commentator's writings, compiling it into coherent statements, so that on cursory examination you can understand to law, but with more depth, you can understand all of the intracacies of the decisions. Preference in deciding what to decide in the law is given to the Riff, the Rush, and most of all, to the Rambam. This, of course, ignores the fact that most of these explanations are in large part either discussions of what Rashi and Tosafos thought, or explanations of points they did not discuss, so that their explanations serve as a basis for all Halacha, though they were not writing specifically to explain the law.
Right before the writing of the Shulchan Aruch, a division among Jews that occured throughout the centuries became more important and pronounced; Jews in Western Europe were isolated from Jews in spain and throughout the middle east, due to the ongoing wars between Christians and Muslims. This led to an inability to have a consensus between all of the Halachists around the Jewish world. What occured was that when new situations occurred in Halacha, different decisions were made in different parts of the world.
Notably, on Passover, there is a rule that any grain that swells cannot be eaten. When rice became prevalent in the western world, the Sephardic, or Spanish Jews (and due to the strangeness of the political geography at the time, the Middle Eastern Jew as well) decided that rice did not qualify, and therefore eat rice on passover. The European Jews, however, decided that rice was a grain that counts as swelled when soaked in water, and said that it may not be eaten on passover. Similar divisions were made about corn, and several other items on Passover.
In addition, different customs were adopted regarding how to pray, such as the order of certain prayers, the Sephardim and Ashkenazim differed, enough so that typically they pray in seperate groups with their own order of prayer. Many other customs, less divisive but equally estranging, developed.
When the decree that men should only marry one wife was decided, it was only spread to the european countries, and spain, but was not really accepted in the middle east, where it did not really ever spread to. In fact, when the modern state of Israel was formed, and Jews fled from the Arab countries that ejected them, the state was confronted with many men who were married to multiple wives. It was decided that legally the marriages would remain binding, but that no men could marry additional wives from that point on.
Due to these differences, Halacha in many places is split into different groups, with the Rambam and the Shulchan Aruch being the sources for Sephardim, and Rav Moshe Eisserlis, the Rema, being the main source for Ashkenazim, writing a set of notes on the Shulchan Aruch about where the Ashkenazim disagreed with the law as stated within. Another, smaller, set of Jews followed only the Rambam's laws. There are also some differences within the Ashkenazi community, where the law that one must wait between mean and milk is interpreted four different ways; for the majority of jews, the first decision made, that of waiting six hours between them, was accepted, though there was a dispute whether this meant a full six hours, or only waiting until the sixth hour begins. The leaders of the German Jewish community decided that it meant three hours, and the leaders of the Jewish community in Holland instucted their community to only wait one hour between eating meat and milk.
Since the Shulchan Aruch, it has been the focus of most Halachic commentator's work, with dozens of full commentaries written since then. However, the most important work in Ashkenazi Halacha was done in a more reductionist fashion, attempting to write more usable digests of what we rule in the most common cases. These include the Mishna Berurah, written by The Chafetz Chaim, and based on that, the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch (the short Shulchan Aruch,) discussing the daily aspects of Halacha. The Sephardi communities, having a much more definitive set of rules as laid out by the Shulchan Aruch, and having the additional distraction of much worse ongoing Antisemitism than most of European Jewry, had much less written in terms of non-responsa literature.
In addition to this, there have been many important developments, both technologically, and socially, requiring additions to, or adjustments from the standard body of law. These cases were dealt with by the Halachic leaders of the generation, in their ongoing Responsa, which form an important addition to the mainstream digests such as the Mishna Berurah. Based on the Talmud and a logical approach to the problems, issues such as whether electricity could be used on the Sabbath were dealt with. (And since it is not, was the prohibition from the fact that one cannot light fires, or from the fact that construction of a conduit for something such as water is prohibited?)
The most recent writers of Responsa, specifically those since the writing of the Mishnah Berurah, the last definitive collection, are especially important, since they deal with issues that were not compiled. The most notable of these responsa writers are, for Ashkenazim, the Chasam Sofer, Rav Aharon Cutler, and Rav Moshe Feinstein, and for Sephardim Rav Ovadia Yosef. Since that time, much of even their writing have been simplified and divided into topical treatments of various sections of the law, such as laws of Sabbath, laws of Blessings on food, etc.
In short, the law, as passed down for the last 3500 years, with a somewhat considerable effort, is traceable from the Bible, all the way to what the most recent questions of laws concerning the Sabbath. This "path" that Religios Jews follow is a transmission through the interpretation of the most erudite and revered scholars of each generation, that leads directly to the revalation of God to all of the Jewish people when he spoke directly to the nation. (Exodus 20, 1)
Firstly, despite the definition of Webster below, Halacha is not a type of exposition of Midrash. This, as far as I know, is not a question of current usage, but a problem of translation.
Secondly, this writeup was written by an Ashkenazi, Orthodox Jew. If you feel that the reality is somewhat different than what was stated here, feel free to respond, but I am reasonably sure that what I have said would be agreed to by the consensus of Orthodox Jews, and while I am sorry I have not given Sephardic Halacha the attention that it deserves, in my defense, it was mostly through ignorance, not malice.
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There is a ride at Disneyland called Small World which plays one song, "It's a Small World After All," over and over and over. By the time the ride is over you know the song by heart. So it is with the Charles Strouse/Martin Charnin song "Tomorrow," which is sung numerous times in the musical Annie and appears all over the place in skits, ads, auditions, etc. Sometimes it feels like there are only a few songs in the show besides "Tomorrow," all of which are reprised.
But this is part of the reason for Annie's success. When it opened in 1977, Broadway was moving away from the hummable musical towards a different kind of music (Sondheim and Hair). Annie is pure nostalgia, reminding the audience of a simpler time and simpler music. Annie made you feel good about America, albeit in an often syrupy way.
Annie is based on the famous Harold Gray comic strip Little Orphan Annie, which in turn was based on a poem by James Whitcomb Riley that made its debut in the New York Daily News in 1924. The strip was ranked number one by Fortune in 1937. It attracted attention for many reasons (war, recession, the Crash of '29) but was also a favorite of adults because it tackled political commentary about such subjects as the New Deal, organized labor, and communism. The musical as it stands today still points to problems of governance, and the gap between rich and poor. The musical even has a reference to the fall of J. P. Morgan, which received a huge laugh of recognition after the same bank lost over $3 billion just last week.
Annie is currently in rehearsal to reopen on Broadway; this after many tours, revivals, etc. not to mention community theatre and school productions. The production now running in Glendale is at the prestigious Glendale Centre Theatre, the oldest continuous theatre in America. The musical is played in the round, which gives any director a set of challenges. Michael Sterling meets these challenges and more, though he might have resisted the temptation to keep the action moving in a circle to make sure all the audience sees. He has assembled a worthy cast including young Emma Howard who was one of the finalists in New York for the new production there. Peter Husmann makes a fine Daddy Warbucks. Heather Dudenbostel is a lovely Grace. Dynell Leigh is up to the shenanigans of Miss Hannigan, as are Clayton Farris and Christa Hamilton as Rooster and Lily St. Regis respectively. Sandy is played by Cooper the Dog. Annieopened on May 17 and will be there "tomorrow" until June 30 at Glendale Centre Theatre.
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{{else}} {{/if}} {{/if}}45 year old woman | Kenai, AK, United States | Seeking men 40-50 within 500 miles
Are you the one God has prepared for me and me for you?
Can't wait to meet the man God has prepared for me and me for him. I love "spur of the moment" activities and people who agree to them. I love to travel, love to be outdoors. I am looking for the man God has chosen for me, to be the husband and head of a household. Praying for a man that loves the Lord with all His heart and soul and mind and will love me as Christ loved the church. I am earnestly working and praying that the Lord mold me to be the wife He has called me to be to the man created to be my husband. What a wonderful life and calling marriage is when the Lord is the foundation, the cornerstone and the center. I am studying the Book/Study, The Excellent Wife. Look it up if you are interested in what the Lord is teaching me as a woman and wife to be I pray very soon. I have traveled much in my career and will always continue to travel and seek adventure, it's what I'm made of inside. However, I am also at a time in life where I want to be involved in community, church and family activities. For this, I am choosing GOD's best. The one true thing I have not experienced in life is "two-getherness." I yearn to know that kind of relationship and love. Thanks for reading. IF you made it all the way through this, I'll be in Anchorage for 4 days Feb. 5,6,7,8, 2015 if anyone is up for something nice or fun! :)
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Religion/Spiritual , Travel/Sightseeing
Aerobics, Baseball, Basketball, Bowling, Cycling, Dancing, Running, Skiing, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines, Yoga
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
Don't display my sign
I have Dogs
My dog is my baby. He is truly my heart and he goes everywhere with me. Some people have children with 2 legs, mine just happens to have 4.
Alaska and The Yukon Territory rule! Hawaii is a beautiful and relaxing and someplace I will never tire of going! I love scenery and I love road trips.
Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX
Let me loose in the great outdoors and I am having fun! Love camping, conoeing, hiking, biking and the list goes on. I even like yard work. It's just all good when I am outside! I also love to tear up the floor with a good boot scoot boogie.
The Excellent Wife. A Study on God's design for the role of a woman. Also reading, Lies Women Believe and the Truth That Sets Them Free. I also love to read Christian fiction that has history in the story, especially of life in the "pioneer days".
Her | What she is looking for | |
Appearance | ||
Height: | 5'3" (160cms) | 5'9" (175cms) to 6'5" (195cms) |
Body type: | About average | About average, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds, Stocky |
Eyes: | Blue | Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel |
Hair: | Blonde | Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Salt and pepper, Silver, Dark blonde, Grey, Platinum, Bald |
Lifestyle | ||
Smoke: | No Way | No Way |
Drink: | Social Drinker | Never, Social Drinker, Moderately |
Occupation: | Self-Employed / Entrepreneur | No preference |
I have worked many contracts over the years as self-employed and continue to do so. I am also working a local job and quite grateful for the time off that I get to continue to do my own thing. |
Income: | I'll tell you later | $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+ |
Relationship: | Divorced | Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced |
Have kids: | No | No preference |
Wants kids: | Not sure | Definitely |
Background | ||
Ethnicity: | White / Caucasian | Latino / Hispanic, White / Caucasian |
Faith: | Christian / Protestant | Christian / Protestant, Christian / Other |
My relationship with the Lord is the most important thing in my life. I am seeking a man that has a desire to share in life and love a relationship that glorifies the Lord. |
Religious Attitude: | I'll tell you later | No preference |
My relationship with the Lord is the most important thing in my life. I am seeking a man that has a desire to share in life and love a relationship that glorifies the Lord. |
Languages: | English | English |
Education: | Bachelors degree | Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral |
Graduated from Sam Houston State University. Eat 'em up Katz! Studied Kinesiology and Health Education. |


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Actor-turned-director Sarah Polley told quite a story this week. At the National Film Board of Canada's website, Polley penned a post about the origins of her first documentary, "Stories We Tell," which just premiered at the Venice Film Festival, and her reasons for refusing to do any publicity interviews in support of it. Be warned, if you don't want the major surprise of the film spoiled, you may not want to read this next paragraph:
"In 2007 I was on set in Montreal, shooting a scene for the film 'Mr. Nobody.' I received a phone call from a friend warning me that a journalist had found out a piece of information about my life that I had kept a secret for a year. I got in touch with the journalist and begged him not to print the story. It was a story that I had kept secret from many people in my life including my father. It took some time and many tears to convince the journalist not to print the story within the week, but I left that conversation convinced that it was not a secret I could keep for long, and that if I wanted the people in my life and outside my life to know the story in my own words, I would have to take action. I flew to Toronto that night to tell my father the news. He was not my biological father. This had been confirmed by a DNA test with a man I had met a year earlier. I had met my biological father almost by accident, though I had long suspected based on family jokes and rumors that my mother may have had an affair that led to my conception."
That stunning revelation became the focus of Polley's new film about her family's past and her parents' complicated relationship. "Various family members and friends are also on hand to chip in with their talking-head reminiscences and perspectives," wrote The Hollywood Reporter's Neil Young, "in a picture which unpretentiously deconstructs its own assemblage by means of frequent cutaways to Sarah 'directing' her dad's vocal performance." Young admired "Stories We Tell" for the way its "playfully complex and gently slippery analysis of memory and personal narrative manages to engage us in what's essentially the private business, some might even say the dirty laundry, of total strangers."
The Guardian's Peter Bradshaw was even more enthusiastic about "Stories We Tell," calling it "a joy" that far exceeds Polley's last film, "Take This Waltz." "Using Super-8 home-movie footage, faux Super-8 reconstructions, interviews with siblings and, crucially, a memoir written by [her father] Michael," Bradshaw said, "Polley has created a portrait of a marriage that is full of enormous richness, tenderness and emotional complexity." He was also impressed with the way the "Away From Her" filmmaker "tackles painful issues with candor and tact" in making "a film that raises questions about the ownership of memory and ownership of narrative."
That sentiment was echoed by Screen International's Mark Adams who concurred that while "Stories We Tell" "is about family, at the core of its story is the question of ownership of memory. This may on the surface seem less than gripping, but as the story develops it is clear why it is so important. Polley's mother Diane appears to have been a dynamic and vivacious woman who fell in love with Michael Polley when they were acting together, but when he gave up acting — so the family argument goes — he became a more mild and quiet character than the person she had first married." Anyone who's seen Polley's previous two films as a director will be particularly fascinated to hear these sorts of descriptions of "Stories We Tell" — since they reveal all sorts of heretofore undiscovered authorial subtext in her previous fictional work about the way individual identities are shaped and reshaped by marriage.
Whatever Polley's past truths, whoever owns her family's memories, it's pretty clear that in the present her film is widely admired. There are few if any negative reviews out of Venice so far. At Cine-Vue, Jo-Ann Titmarsh calls it "a finely-crafted and incredibly moving work" while at The Playlist, Oliver Lyttelton proclaims it Polley's "most consistent, and best, work as a director to date." It sounds like Polley has made a film worthy of the lives it documents. Just don't ask her to talk about it.
Read more of "Stories We Tell: A Post by Sarah Polley."


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RageCandyBar is a medical/key item that first appeared in Generation II as a specialty of Mahogany Town. It restores 20 HP to a single Pokémon.
In HeartGold and SoulSilver the RageCandyBar appears as a key item.
It returns to being a medical item in Black and White where, in addition to restoring 20 HP, it can be used on the Darmanitan statues by Relic Castle.
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In Black and White Professor Juniper gives this to you after exiting Relic Castle after doing a specific event.


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Hill Hoppers #1
Arthur Bohlmann 3/30/2012 4:42:52 PM
Another great action image Dennis. You definately have the eye of the photographer #1453311Jeff Robinson 3/30/2012 4:52:50 PM
You nailed this one Dennis - Great perspective, depth and action capture!! #10067823Dennis Gay 3/30/2012 5:10:51 PM
Happy Aussie Saturday morning to you ARTHUR & JEFF!!Welcome back to the track you blokes.
Massive high octane thanks for your great combined feedback.
Dennis #10067869
Michelle Alton 3/30/2012 6:29:27 PM
How in tarnation do you get these AUSSome captures? I'm in AWE! #10067987Dennis Gay 3/30/2012 7:30:29 PM
Bon jour Michelle!A warm welcome back to the Motocross meet.
Merci beaucoup Madame for your very inspiring and extremely encouraging feedback for these three combatants.
You have coined a beaut word with "AUSSome". 8~)
Dennis #10068057
Cecil P. Whitt 3/30/2012 11:26:44 PM
A very nice image, C. #10068240Dennis Gay 3/31/2012 6:17:16 AM
Hellooooo CECIL!Glad you made it to the Motocross meet.
My warmst Aussie thanks for your great wrap.
Dennis #10068512
David Resnikoff 3/31/2012 7:10:08 AM
Dennis,This is the one. Great image indeed #10068594
Carla Capra 3/31/2012 9:04:37 AM
Hi Dennis;Dennis Gay 4/2/2012 5:34:38 AM
Watcha DAVID & CARLA!!So nice to meet you both at the fence trackside.
A double shot of Aussie thanks for your double dose of great feedback for this red hot action shot.
Dennis #10071593
Dennis Behm 4/2/2012 5:39:34 AM
Great capture, Dennis. #10071598Dennis Gay 4/2/2012 6:15:32 AM
Howzit DENNIS!Loads of Aussie thanks for dropping by the track and for laving your "Great" wrap mate.
Dennis #10071642
Dennis Gay 4/2/2012 5:32:51 PM
Vroom! Vroom! Mr EDITOR!!!!!Major thanks for awarding these jumpers a PICK!
Dianne 4/4/2012 9:32:36 PM
Wonderful shot Dennis! Looks like they are jumping with ease. Extremely well done! :) #10075745Dennis Gay 4/4/2012 9:54:11 PM
Happy Days DIANNE!Nice to see you at the track soaking up the action.
A big box full of thanks for your "Wonderful" feedback.
Dennis #10075767
Beth OMeara 4/5/2012 3:32:04 PM
Nice Shot, great timing! #10076919Dennis Gay 4/5/2012 5:35:32 PM
Hola BETH!Muchos gracias for coming to the track and leaving such encouraging feedback.
Dennis #10077009
Tony Ebben 4/15/2012 3:13:42 AM
Great action shot, well taken mate. #10091356Dennis Gay 4/15/2012 3:32:19 AM
Hiya TONY!Glad you made it in time for the Motocross action.
Max thanx for the great feedback mate.
Dennis #10091372
Dennis Gay 5/2/2012 1:09:46 AM
Rev 'em up Mr EDITOR!!!!!Max thanx for awarding my hill hoppers a PICK!
David Resnikoff 5/2/2012 5:40:10 AM
Congratulation ,David R #10118052
Carla Capra 5/2/2012 6:40:58 AM
Congratulations, Dennis. I'm so glad to see this with an award. #10118310Lydia Williams 5/2/2012 8:29:09 AM
Awesome Action shot, Dennis...congratulations! #10118754Susan D. Royce 5/2/2012 11:14:18 AM
Fabulous shot Dennis. Congrats on your Finalist! Love the graphic outfits. #10119132Arthur Bohlmann 5/2/2012 11:16:28 AM
Congratulations! #10119139Beth OMeara 5/2/2012 4:27:23 PM
Way to go, Dennis! Congrats!Merna L. Nobile 5/4/2012 1:54:49 PM
Well here we are, through thick and thin. It is a joy to be able to be supportive and to congratulate each other for another month of magnificent photographs during May, 2012. I send all of you my very best, Merna Nobile #10122887Dennis Gay 5/6/2012 6:52:12 PM
Let's party DAVID, CARLA, LYDIA, SUSAN, ARTHUR, BETH & MERNA!!!!!!!Massive thanks (x7) for all your great feedback and cheery congratz.
Dennis #10126857
A trio of red hot Motocross riders battle it out over the jumps at the Hastings Valley Motor Cycle Club track at Port Macquarie, NSW, Australia.
Canon EOS 40D with Canon 100-300mm USM lens: RAW, f/5.6 @ 1/800sec, 230mm, ISO 200, Continuous focus, High speed motor drive.
Lightroom3 & PhotoshopCS5.
Exif: F Number: 5.6, Exposure Bias Value: 0.00, ExposureTime: 1/800 seconds, Flash: did not fire, compulsory flash mode, ISO: 200, White balance: Manual white balance, FocalLength: 230.00 mm, Model: Canon EOS 40D
Uploaded on 3/30/2012 4:34:28 PM
Camera: Canon EOS 40D Digital SLR
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Zac Brown and Bob Taylor with the GS Mini during a USO tour in 2010.
Over the past 37 years, Taylor Guitars co-founders Bob Taylor and Kurt Listug have weathered economic storms, seen the rise, decline and reemergence of the acoustic guitar industry, and gone on to build the top-selling acoustic guitar brand in the United States. For two inexperienced "kids" with a dream of having their own guitar shop, the odds of success were stacked against them. Now for the first time ever, Bob recounts the valuable lessons that enabled the duo to overcome formidable challenges and flourish in his new book, aptly titled Guitar Lessons.


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Journal Article
Mortality among Patients with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 versus Non-USA300 Invasive Infections: A Meta-Analysis
Rajeshwari Nair MPH, Eric Ammann MS, Matthew Rysavy BS and Marin L. Schweizer PhD
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
Vol. 35, No. 1 (January 2014), pp. 31-41
Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/674385
Page Count: 11
You can always find the topics here!
Topics: Infections, Mortality, Staphylococcus aureus, Disease risk, Health outcomes, Bacteremia, Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, Bibliographies, Life tables, Population studies
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Background. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has been found to be epidemiologically and microbiologically distinct from healthcare-associated MRSA. Most CA-MRSA infections are not invasive; however, fatal outcomes have been reported among healthy people with CA-MRSA invasive infections. Epidemiological studies have attributed a major burden of CA-MRSA infections in the United States to the predominant clone USA300. We investigated the association between USA300 invasive infections and mortality by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that reported mortality rates associated with USA300 strains.Methods. We searched PubMed, bibliographies of other publications, and gray literature between January 2001 and December 2013. Observational studies of patients with an invasive MRSA infection were included. The exposure of interest was presence of USA300 invasive infection. Studies were included only if they provided MRSA PFGE types and if corresponding mortality data were the measured outcome. We pooled crude odds ratios (cORs) using a random-effects model. Woolf test of homogeneity and Q and I2 statistics were assessed.Results. Of 574 articles identified by the search strategy, 8 met the inclusion criteria. Risk of mortality was significantly lower among patients with USA300 MRSA infections (pooled cOR, 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI)], 0.49–0.81). There was a moderate degree of heterogeneity among study results (; ). Results were observed to be heterogeneous due to study design, quality of studies, and definition of mortality.Conclusions. MRSA invasive infection with USA300 does not appear to be associated with higher mortality compared with infections due to non-USA300 strains. Nevertheless, larger well-designed studies are warranted to further evaluate this association.
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© 2013 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved.


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It sounds like the plot for a scary B-movie: Germs go into space on a rocket and come back stronger and deadlier than ever. Except, it really happened.
The bacteria: Salmonella, best known as a culprit of food poisoning (in horses it can cause debilitating--and even deadly--diarrhea). The trip: Space Shuttle STS-115, September 2006. The reason: Scientists wanted to see how space travel affects germs, so they took some along--carefully wrapped--for the ride. The result: Mice fed the space germs were three times more likely to get sick and died quicker than others fed identical germs that had remained behind on Earth.
"Wherever humans go, microbes go; you can't sterilize humans. Wherever we go, under the oceans or orbiting the earth, the microbes go with us, and it's important that we understand ... how they're going to change," explained Cheryl Nickerson, PhD, an associate professor at the Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology at Arizona State University.
Nickerson added, in a telephone interview, that learning more about changes in germs has the potential to lead to novel new countermeasures for infectious disease.
She reported the results of the salmonella study in Tuesday's edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The researchers placed identical strains of Salmonella in containers and sent one into space aboard the shuttle, while the second was kept on Earth, under similar temperature conditions to the one in space.
After the shuttle returned, mice were given varying oral doses of the Salmonella and then were watched.
After 25 days, 40% of the mice given the Earth-bound Salmonella were still alive, compared with just 10% of those dosed with the germs from space. And the researchers found it took about one-third as much of the space germs to kill half the mice, compared with the germs that had been on Earth.
The researchers found 167 genes had changed in the Salmonella that went to space.
"That's the 64 million dollar question," Nickerson said. "We do not know with 100% certainty what the mechanism is of space flight that's inducing these changes."
However, they think it's a force called fluid shear.
"Being cultured in microgravity means the force of the liquid passing over the cells is low." The cells "are responding not to microgravity, but indirectly to microgravity in the low fluid shear effects."
"There are areas in the body which are low shear, such as the gastrointestinal tract, where, obviously, Salmonella finds itself," she went on. "So, it's clear this is an environment not just relevant to space flight, but to conditions here on Earth, including in the infected host."
She said it is an example of a response to a changed environment.
"These bugs can sense where they are by changes in their environment. The minute they sense a different environment, they change their genetic machinery so they can survive," she said.
The research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Louisiana Board of Regents, Arizona Proteomics Consortium, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, National Institutes of Health, and the University of Arizona.


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Southern Miss Recognizes 128 Student-Athletes for Spring Semester Academic Achievements
Volleyball registered six President's List members, while women's soccer was next with five and women's track had four.
Nick Brown Earns 10th-Place Finish at 2012 Conference USA Men's Golf Championships
Brown fires 72 in final round.
Men's Golf in 10th-Place Heading into Final Round of 2012 Conference USA Championships
Brown fires 73 to sit in 11th-place.
Southern Miss in Eighth-Place at Conference USA Championships
Brown is tied for 10th-place after one round.
Men's Golf Heads to Conference USA Championships
The Golden Eagles will tee off at 8:50 a.m. CT
2010-11 (r-Jr.): Named to the 2011 Conference USA All-Academic Team ... Was named a 2011 Cleveland Golf/Srixon All-American Scholar ... Participated in 10 tournaments, averaging 74.2 strokes per round ... Had seven rounds of par or less ... Had four top 20 and two top 10 finishes ... Shot a career low 68 in the third round of the season-opening Sam Hall Intercollegiate (9/14) ... Tied for ninth-place at the UTA/Waterchase Intercollegiate, where he set career-bests in 36-hole score (140) and 54-hole score (215) ... Had a career-best finish at the UALR/First Tee Collegiate Classic, tying for seventh-place.
2009-10 (r-So.): Participated in seven tournaments, averaging 75.1 strokes per round ... Had four rounds of par or less ... Shot a careerlow 70 in the third round of the season-opening Sam Hall Intercollegiate (9/15) ... Highest finish was a tie for 27th-place at the UCF Rio Pinar Invitational (3/15-16).
2008-09 (r-Fr.): Participated in two tournaments ... Highest finish was a tie for 37th-place at the Sam Hall Intercollegiate (10/27-28) ... Had a season-low 73 in the final round of that tournament.
2007-08 (Fr.): Redshirted.
Prep: Helped lead Lamar to the 2007 Mississippi Private School Association South State, AAA State and Overall State championships ... Shot a two-under 69 to win individual medalist honors at the South State Championship ... Had an 18-hole average of 71 to lead the team ... In 2006, shot rounds of 69-75-73 to capture the State Farm Junior Amateur Championship ... Also was a four-time All-South State selection in soccer, earning a spot in the MPSA All-Star game ... Was part of the cross country state championship squad as a junior ... Named to the All-Scholastic Sports Team by WTOK-TV in Meridian.
Personal: Son of Ed and Christy Brown ... Majoring in Business ... Born December 19, 1988.
Follow Southern Miss Men's Golf: | Follow @SouthernMissMG |


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An alert Oak Park man helped police catch two Detroit teens suspected of stealing catalytic converters.
The suspects � John A. Goodwin, Jr., 19, and Don G. Hudson, 18 � were each arraigned Tuesday before Oak Park 45B District Judge David Gubow on two felony counts of larceny from auto.
The man called Oak Park police about 3:15 a.m. Monday when the sound of a car alarm woke him at the Northgate Apartment complex, police said.
�The caller looked out his window and heard people talking in the parking lot,� said Oak Park Public Safety Lt. Samantha Kretzschmar. �He saw one suspect standing beside a Chevy Cavalier and a second one underneath the car.�
The Oak Park man saw the car was jacked up. The suspects lowered the car and threw a catalytic converter in the back of a white Buick they were driving, police said.
�At that point the Oak Park guy called police and he got the license plate number of the suspects� vehicle,� Kretzschmar said.
The suspects are also believed to have stolen a catalytic converter from a second Chevy Cavalier in the parking lot, police said.
Oak Park officers headed to the apartment complex near I-696 and Greenfield moments after the man called police. However, the suspects fled in their vehicle as the man was talking to police, Kretzschmar said.
Oak Park police put out a bulletin to other departments with a vehicle description and license number.
Southfield police later spotted the suspects in the parking lot of the Silver Oaks apartments in the area of 10 Mile and Telegraph.
The suspects were near a car, police said.
�Apparently they were getting ready to go to work on another vehicle,� Kretzschmar said.
Police shined a light on the two teens. One of them ran but was later caught, police said.
Police said they found six stolen catalytic converters inside the Buick the suspects were traveling in, along with a car jack, portable power saw and saw blades.
Thieves typically steal catalytic converters because the anti-pollution devices contain small amounts of valuable metals such as platinum, rhodium or palladium. The stolen converters are usually sold to scrap metal dealers.
Goodwin is jailed on $15,000 cash bond and Hudson is being held on $25,000 cash bond.
Each of the two counts against them is punishable by up to four years in prison.
The suspects are scheduled for a pre-exam conference in Oak Park District Court at 1 p.m. Nov. 5.


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Read More About
Over the last four years, I have heard dozens of presentations on social media.
Most of had a common theme of: Social media is the hot new thing, its growing rapidly, and your company must be there. For lack of a better term, I have generally held the position of being an early adopting agnostic.
It was the same when the alarm sounded about the Y2K bug and the H1N1 flu a few years ago. I paid attention, did some research, and got myself involved personally and professionally in case all the hype was true. Over this time, I have reached a few conclusions.
First of all, in personal terms and as a national marketing tool for most restaurants, Twitter (so far) is over hyped. It's also one of the most tremendous time sucks of modern times, rivaled only by Angry Birds and Sudoku.
I personally enjoy watching my feed since I love information and ideas. However, there seems to be an increasing amount of noise there, so I have found myself ignoring it more and more, much like I started doing with e-mail marketing a few years ago and junk mail years before that.
That being said, I love Facebook as a marketing tool (more on that in a future column).
As far as marketing goes, don't be misled by large numbers of followers or by companies or consultants who say they can get you large numbers of followers in a short period of time.
I see followers kind of like TV sets. While it is nice to know how many TV sets there are in the U.S., the only thing that really matters to an marketer is how many of those sets are on at a given time and what station they are watching.
Having 80,000 followers may sound very impressive, but who and where they are is more important. None of us would even consider sending out coupon mailers to customers who were hundreds or thousands of miles away form our locations, so why should we do so in cyberspace?
The general answer from the social media pros is, because social media is free. Of course, someone is paying these pros fees so that is a cost. More importantly, it takes resources and tools to post online and follow social media. Like everything else in marketing, ROI must be measured and evaluated with all costs tallied.
Twitter and other social media sites should be viewed primarily as listening devices and local store marketing tools more than generic or national sales strategies. In the past, operators had a very hard time finding out how many customers really felt after they left our stores. Social media is another way of keeping that conversation going. For me, word of mouth and local store marketing have always been the keys to growing a particular location's sales.
Before the Internet or social media, it took a lot of work for an individual to spread good word of mouth. Now, many thousands can find out almost instantly. Unfortunately, this is also true for bad word of mouth or bad news when a Nashville breakfast icon found itself a trending twitter topic after a low health inspection score.
Similarly, Domino's may talk about how many people viewed their video response after the You Tube fiasco a few years ago, but many more people saw the offending YouTube video that caused the crisis in the first place. Dominos also found out that you must be able to respond instantly to have any chance of stopping viral spread.
This is, unfortunately, where social media really is cheap or free: There is no cost to a customer retweeting or reposting something bad about your store.
On a positive note: People are willing to post things on social media sites that they would never have told an operator in person, so you can get vital info about how your staff is really doing in taking care of your customers. More importantly, on Twitter, many others can see your response. Of course, everyone sees if you do not respond, also.
In terms of local store marketing, social media and even Twitter can be great. For example, it is pretty unlikely that the whole food truck phenomena would have been as big without truck operators being able to tweet their locations.
Many franchisors are cramping down on individual franchisees using social media when they should be embracing it. While I understand the need to control the brand image, franchisors should want their franchisees to be heavily involved and integrated in their local communities. The local online community should be no different.
The local level is really where the interaction with customers should happen. Hopefully, some very smart entrepreneur will create an inexpensive and easy-to-use tool that allows franchisors and multiunit operators to quickly approve and put online postings from local operators and monitor online chatter about their locations.
Social media also allows for instant local specials on items that may not have been selling.
Operators must have a mobile (including tablet) strategy. Facebook and Four Square have taken this to heart. Tablets and handsets are accounting for an ever-increasing percentage of online traffic when compared to traditional PCs.
Your website is virtually worthless if it uses flash and cannot be viewed on the iPhone or iPad. Of all the times you want people to find you, it is when they are mobile and already out looking for somewhere to eat.
I have lots of ideas on how to do well with social media, but I have reached the end of my space here.
Let me know if you want to hear more, and I will cover this subject more in a future column.
In the meantime follow fast casual operators Firehouse Subs (@FirehouseSubs), Genghis Grill (@GenghisGrill), and California Tortilla (@caltort) who do a great job.
And I apologize for inadvertently leaving her off of my list of the most influential women in fast casual, but Stacey Kane of California Tortilla has done an amazing job of communicating with customers in a fun way about a unique brand.
Mark Moreno replied on Permalink
Very good article:Never in history has such a tremendous opportunity to listen and learn from customers existed. Using social media to listen and engage with customers is probably the best use. Additionally, restaurants can encourage their associates to listen and understand that social media is a great way to build brand ambassadors.Biggest challenge for national chains is getting local, they have no problem building their brand image on social media but building local following on a per store basis is tough. Imagine 20K Subway Facebook pages! National brands benefit from critical mass though and that helps them really get sentiment on their brands.Thanks for sharing!
Chuck replied on Permalink
George, Great article...I believe we have that tool you were talking about. (3 years later) I would love for you to preview it and give me your thoughts. You can go to www.socialkudo.com and have a demo sent via text message. Thanks, Chuck


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lynn jarvis February 11th, 2013 bring in the poop with the paper in it for proof….i did it and got a 72…true story Reply
Donna miller yanego February 11th, 2013 Maybe he is just trying to better himself. One day he may be a co worker of yours! Reply
Bev McM February 13th, 2013 oh no. I guess that it wasn't funny when it happened!!! I think that he promises never to do it again!!! LOL Reply


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Organic Fall Fertilization
Prepare Your Lawn for Winter With Some Helpful Organic Fertilizer
About this time, your lawn is taking a rest from its semi-annual job of growing fast and looking green. Most types of grass, especially in the temperate zones that make up most of the US go through a period of dormancy in the summer. This would be a good time to start thinking about switching to organic lawn care if you aren't practicing it yet. There are a lot of advantages to growing your lawn without using inorganic chemical fertilizers and weed killers. If you are already an organic lawn-care aficionado, that's great. When the summer is over you've got some work to do.
First of all, there's no time like the present to have your soil tested. There's no substitute to knowing what you are dealing with scientifically. The three major nutrients that fertilizers contain are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Fertilizers are formulated with different amounts of these three essential fertilizing elements, as spelled out on every fertilizer label. You have to pick out a fertilizer that matches the chemical profile of your soil. In fall, it's important to increase the amount of nitrogen to facilitate root growth, which is necessary for successful over-wintering. There are a wide range of natural materials from which organic fertilizers can be derived, such as bone meal, blood meal, fish meal, feather meal, enzyme digested proteins, treated sewage, seaweed, worm castings, guano, and a many others. Organic fertilizers, because they release their nutrients more slowly, promote worms and beneficial bacteria, and add humus to the soil. This eventually helps to break up dense soils such as clay and sandy soil and allow them to retain moisture.
Organic fertilizers are a bit more expensive than inorganic ones, but in the end they will save you money because they are safer and easier for the lawn to absorb properly, you have to use less fertilizer to get the same amount of nutrition to your grass, and using organic fertilizer will decrease and eventually eliminate the need for using herbicides to control weeds. Until your lawn is established and healthy enough to fight off weeds on its own, you may have to use some weed control products. Luckily, there are some organic ones on the market that are safe to use. A good homemade organic spot weeder is a mixture of white vinegar, water, and dishwashing soap in a 4 to 2 to 1 part dilution.
Liquid seaweed is another fertilizer that you ought to consider using. Some experts advocate giving the lawn a seaweed bath every month. Seaweed gives the lawn a shot of trace elements that also promote root growth and disease resistance. Spray liquid seaweed according to directions when the ground is moist. You will need to spread lime to get the pH to the proper range which is somewhere between 6.0 and 7.0. Use about 30 pounds of palletized limestone per 1000 SF. If your test shows high magnesium content in the soil, substitute aragonite, which is calcium chloride derived from ground seashells, or calcium limestone flour, which is finely ground mineral calcium chloride. The advantage of aragonite is that it will also help keep squirrels and moles away from your flowerbeds.
Spread compost or composted manure on the lawn at a rate of 100 pounds per 1000 square feet. Late summer or early fall is a good time to overseed. Rough up any bare spots and add topsoil or peat and seed them heavily, then very lightly over seed the entire lawn.


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Top Definition
A boy who has pale skin, thin blond hair and gets caught for other peoples crimes and then would cry and would bitch for the res of the day.
When your in a classroom and the teacher yells at you, you blame someone else and hope for the best. Yell out spiffer giant and blame that on a nother kid.
by Randinator
December 06, 2006
The Urban Dictionary Mug
One side has the word, one side has the definition. Microwave and dishwasher safe. Lotsa space for your liquids.
Buy the mugThe Urban Dictionary T-Shirt
Smooth, soft, slim fit American Apparel shirt. Custom printed. 100% fine jersey cotton, except for heather grey (90% cotton).
Buy the t-shirt


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Stay connected with us to get the latest health and fitness news, innovative workouts, healthy recipes and wellness tips.
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Cherries and almond extract pair beautifully in this delectable cake. Yogurt adds subtle flavor and helps keep the cake moist. Recipe by Nancy Baggett.
Nutrition Profile: Low Cholesterol Low Sodium
Serves 12
Prep Time 45 min
Total Time 180 min.
Step 1
Preheat oven to 350°F. Very generously coat a 10-inch Bundt or tube pan with cooking spray. Dust the pan with flour, tapping out the excess.
Step 2
To prepare cherry filling: Combine sugar and cornstarch in a medium nonreactive saucepan (see Note). Stir in cherries, kirsch (or orange juice), lemon zest and almond extract. Bring to a boil over medium-high heat and cook, stirring occasionally, until the mixture looks like very thick jam and has reduced to about 1 cup, 5 to 7 minutes.
Step 3
To prepare cake: Sift cake flour, whole-wheat flour, baking powder, baking soda and salt into a medium bowl. Beat sugar, butter and oil in a large bowl with an electric mixer on low, then medium speed, until very light and fluffy, about 1 1/2 minutes, scraping the sides as needed. Add half the yogurt and beat until very smooth. With the mixer on low speed, beat in half the dry ingredients until incorporated. Beat in the remaining yogurt, eggs, vanilla and almond extract until combined, scraping the sides as needed. Stir in the remaining dry ingredients just until incorporated.
Step 4
Spoon a generous half of the batter into the prepared pan, spreading to the edges. Spoon the cherry mixture over the batter. Top with the remaining batter. Grease a butter knife and swirl it vertically through the batter and cherries.
Step 5
Bake the cake until a toothpick inserted in the thickest part comes out with no crumbs clinging to it and the top springs back when lightly pressed, 50 to 65 minutes. (Dark-colored metal pans usually bake cakes faster than light-colored or shiny metal pans.) Transfer the pan to a wire rack and let stand until the cake is completely cooled, about 1 1/2 hours. Very carefully run a knife around the edges and center tube to loosen the cake from sides and bottom. Rap the pan sharply against the counter several times to loosen completely. Invert the pan onto a serving plate and slide the cake out. Dust the top with confectioners' sugar before serving.


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Hello!!!.... please, I need a query that returns me the ip addrress of the PCs connected at this time
Windows: C:\ipconfig Unix: $nslookup server_name
you can get the DNS name of the machine : select username, machine from v$session where audsid != 0 (audsid = 0 is for Oracle BG processes) nevertheless to get the IP address, I guess you'll have to use an OS function ...
OS check is the best way to check your IPS Sam
Thanx Sam Life is a journey, not a destination!
Forum Rules


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By Brad Locke/NEMS Daily Journal
Mississippi State's women are back in action with a pair of games today and Thursday at the Christmas City Classic in Bethlehem, Pa.
The Lady Bulldogs (7-3) will take on Buffalo (5-5) at 4 p.m. today. The Bulls are coming off a 58-42 win over Niagara on Dec. 21. Senior Kourtney Brown had her 35th career double-double in that game and leads the team with 20.4 points and 12.9 rebounds per game.
MSU, which last played Dec. 20 – a 61-49 win over Mississippi Valley State – is paced by Di'Amber Johnson (12.5 ppg) and Mary Kathryn Govero (12.2 ppg).
The Lady Bulldogs will play either Lehigh or Rider on Thursday. They are then off until Jan. 6, when SEC play begins at Vanderbilt.


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Q: My boys and I were excited last year when my husband decided to quit drinking. He was serious this time.
He joined AA and spent every night working with his sponsor on his 12-step program. He was a heavy drinker for years, for most of our married life, but he has stuck to it and in a couple of weeks he will celebrate his first year of sobriety.
The problem is that he is not all the peaches and cream I imagined he would be once he quit drinking. He is often irritable and is more impatient with our animals than he used to be. I think something needs to change. What do you suggest I do?
A: Alcoholism is a family disease. During those years when you were making compensations for your husband's addictions and struggling to keep your house in order, you may not have followed a healthy lifestyle.
Attend a few sessions of Alanon. It is structured to help spouses and children of alcoholics deal with them better both while they are drinking and once the drinking has stopped. Often, people who are addicted to alcohol and drugs had problems long before they caved in to their addictions.
Drinking did not solve the problems but sometimes it masked them. When the drinking stopped, those problems sprang back to the surface.
Now that your husband is dry, he could consider talking to a mental health counsellor to make sure the issues in place before he hooked up with alcohol will not come back to haunt him.
If his anxiety, inability to focus, high expectations or bouts of depression have resurfaced and they are not challenged, he is vulnerable to another round of alcohol abuse.
You could consider joining your husband in counselling. The relationship that the two of you developed to survive those years of alcohol abuse is not likely going to survive his sobriety. It has to change.
I do not know the statistics but I know from the many clients I had in counselling that a number of couples separate once the addict has cleaned up.
If you and your husband start now rebuilding your marriage, you might not only save it but find peace in his sobriety.
Jacklin Andrews is a family counsellor from Saskatchewan. Contact: email@example.com.


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Callanor RPG |
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Welcome! This is a brand new Anime inspired fantasy role playing site! The Rp is now open, AND THE FIRST PLOT HAS STARTED! CLICK HERE TO JOIN!!! Thank you! Linkrulesx10 |
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Foley Estates Vineyard & Winery Wedding by Jen Rodriguez Photography
This wedding has my heart. And yes, I realize weddings grab at my heart all the time, but this one just does casual chic so well it REALLY has a hold on my ticker. With a dash of casual, aView Credits
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text: Do NOT Honk At This DogMatt Hardigree6/21/10 3:00pmFiled to: LOLCarsDogDog Bites CarDogsSerbiaLicense PlatesHonk At DogClips105EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalinkThis Serbian man may have honked at these dogs to spare them becoming road kill, but they took it as a threat and sent him a message he's not soon to forget. "A Hyundai honked at me once... ONCE!" (Hat tip to TheCroatianGuy!Reply105 repliesLeave a reply