text:
Opposition to the Iraq War
Significant opposition to the Iraq War occurred worldwide, both before and during the initial 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States, United Kingdom, and smaller contingents from other nations, and throughout the subsequent occupation. People and groups opposing the war include the governments of many nations which did not take part in the invasion,[who?] and significant sections of the populace in those that did.
Rationales for opposition include the belief that the war is illegal according to the United Nations Charter,[1] or would contribute to instability both within Iraq and the wider Middle East.[citation needed] Critics[who?] have also questioned the validity of the war's stated objectives, such as a supposed link between the country's Ba'athist government and the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States, and its possession of weapons of mass destruction "certified" by the Niger uranium forgeries. The latter was claimed by the United States during the run-up to the war, but no such weapons have since been found.
Within the United States, popular opinion on the war has varied significantly with time. Although there was significant opposition to the idea in the months preceding the attack, polls taken during the invasion showed that a majority of US citizens supported their government's action.[citation needed] However, public opinion had shifted by 2004 to a majority believing that the invasion was a mistake,[citation needed] and has remained so since then.[citation needed] There has also been significant criticism of the war from US politicians[who?] and national security and military personnel,[who?] including generals[who?] who served in the war and have since spoken out against its handling.[citation needed]
Worldwide, the war and occupation have been officially condemned by 54 countries and the heads of many major religions. Popular anti-war feeling is strong in these[specify] and other countries, including the US' allies[who?] in the conflict, and many have experienced huge protests totalling millions of participants.[citation needed]
- 1 Early opposition
- 2 Reasons for opposition
- 3 Opposition in the United States
- 4 Opposition in European countries
- 5 Opposition throughout the world
- 6 Religious opposition
- 7 Protests against war on Iraq
- 8 Support for Iraqi resistance and insurgency
- 9 Official condemnation
- 10 Quotations
- 11 See also
- 12 Notes and references
- 13 External links
Early opposition[edit]
The opposition to the war manifested itself most visibly in a series of worldwide protests against the Iraq War during February 2003, just before the invasion of Iraq starting on March 20, 2003. Alternative news website Countercurrents.org[unreliable source?] said:
Poll results available from Gallup International, as well as local sources for most of Europe, West and East, showed that support for a war carried out "unilaterally by America and its allies" did not rise above 11 percent in any country. Support for a war if mandated by the UN ranged from 13 percent (Spain) to 51 percent (Netherlands).[2]
Reasons for opposition[edit]
Critics of the invasion claimed that it would lead to the deaths of thousands of Iraqi civilians and soldiers as well as Coalition soldiers, and that it would moreover damage peace and stability throughout the region and the world.
Another oft-stated reason for opposition is the Westphalian concept that foreign governments should never possess a right to intervene in another sovereign nation's internal affairs (including terrorism or any other non-international affair). Giorgio Agamben, the Italian philosopher, has also offered a critique of the logic of preemptive war.
Others did accept a limited right for military intervention in foreign countries, but nevertheless opposed the invasion on the basis that it was conducted without United Nations' approval and was hence a violation of international law.[3] According to this position, adherence by the United States and the other great powers to the UN Charter and to other international treaties to which they are legally bound is not a choice but a legal obligation; exercising military power in violation of the UN Charter undermines the rule of law and is illegal vigilantism on an international scale.
There was also skepticism of U.S. claims that Iraq's secular government had any links to Al-Qaeda, the Islamic fundamentalist terrorist group considered responsible for the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon.
Some expressed puzzlement that the United States would consider military action against Iraq and not against North Korea, which claimed it already had nuclear weapons and had announced that it was willing to contemplate war with the United States. This criticism intensified when North Korea reportedly conducted a nuclear weapons test on October 9, 2006.
There was also criticism of Coalition policy by those who did not believe that military actions would help to fight terror, with some believing that it would actually help Al-Qaeda's recruitment efforts; others believed that the war and immediate post-war period would lead to a greatly increased risk that weapons of mass destruction would fall into the wrong hands (including Al-Qaeda).
Both inside and outside of the U.S., some argued that the Bush Administration's rationale for war was to gain control over Iraqi natural resources (primarily petroleum). These critics felt that the war would not help to reduce the threat of WMD proliferation, and that the real reason for the war was to secure control over the Iraqi oil fields at a time when US links with Saudi Arabia were seen to be at risk. "No blood for oil" was a popular protest cry prior to the invasion in March 2003. Administration officials denied these charges, and scholar Jeff Colgan writes that "there is still no consensus on the degree to which oil played a role" in the Iraq war.[4]
Some opponents of the war also believed that there would be no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, and thus there was little reason for an invasion. Prominent among these was Scott Ritter, a former U.S. military intelligence officer and then a United Nations weapons inspector in Iraq, and who in 1998 had been hawkish enough toward Iraq as to be admonished by U.S. Senator Joe Biden, "The decision of whether or not the country should go to war is slightly above your pay grade." Investigations after the invasion failed to produce evidence of WMDs in Iraq (apart from a very small number of degraded chemical weapons shells located after the Iran–Iraq War ended in 1988). Generally, however, very few opponents of the Iraq invasion publicly expressed doubt as to whether the Saddam Hussein regime possessed weapons of mass destruction.
During the occupation, some opponents accused President Bush of being indifferent to the suffering caused by the invasion. In 2006 for example he opined that when the history of Iraq is written the period would "look like just a comma", prompting criticism that he took the more than 2,700 US troop deaths lightly.[5]
Opposition in the United States[edit]
Popular opposition[edit]
The Iraq War has met with considerable popular opposition in the United States, beginning during the planning stages and continuing through the invasion subsequent occupation of Iraq. The months leading up to the war saw protests across the United States, the largest of which, held on February 15, 2003 involved about 300,000 to 400,000 protesters in New York City, with smaller numbers protesting in Seattle, San Francisco, Chicago, and other cities.
Consistent with the anti-war sentiment of the protests, in the months leading up to the Iraq War, American public opinion heavily favored a diplomatic solution over immediate military intervention. A January 2003 CBS News/New York Times poll found that 63% of Americans wanted President Bush to find a diplomatic solution to the Iraq situation, compared with 31% who favored immediate military intervention. That poll also found, however, that if diplomacy failed, support for military action to remove Saddam Hussein was above 60 percent.[6]
Days before the March 20 invasion, a USA Today/CNN/Gallup Poll found support for the war was related to UN approval. Nearly six in 10 said they were ready for such an invasion "in the next week or two." But that support dropped off if the U.N. backing was not first obtained. If the U.N. Security Council were to reject a resolution paving the way for military action, only 54% of Americans favored a U.S. invasion. And if the Bush administration did not seek a final Security Council vote, support for a war dropped to 47%.[7]
Immediately after the 2003 invasion most polls within the United States showed a substantial majority of Americans supporting war, but that trend began to shift less than a year after the war began. Beginning in December 2004, polls have consistently shown that a majority thinks the invasion was a mistake. As of 2006, opinion on what the U.S. should do in Iraq is split, with a slight majority generally favoring setting a timetable for withdrawal, but against withdrawing immediately. However, in this area responses vary widely with the exact wording of the question.[8]
Since the invasion of Iraq, one of the most visible leaders of popular opposition in the U.S. has been Cindy Sheehan, the mother of Casey Sheehan, a soldier killed in Iraq. Sheehan's role as an anti-war leader began with her camping out near President Bush's ranch in Crawford, Texas, and continued with a nationwide tour and trips to Europe and South America.
Opposition from national security and military personnel[edit]
Several prominent members of the military and national security communities, particularly those who favor a more realist approach to international relations, have been critical of both the decision to invade Iraq and the prosecution of the War.
On July 28, 2002, less than eight months before the invasion of Iraq, the Washington Post reported that "many senior U.S. military officers" including members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff opposed an invasion on the grounds that the policy of containment was working.[9]
A few days later, Gen. Joseph P. Hoar (Ret.) warned the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that the invasion was risky and perhaps unnecessary.
Morton Halperin, a foreign policy expert with the Council on Foreign Relations and Center for American Progress warned that an invasion would increase the terrorist threat.[10]
In a 2002 book, Scott Ritter, a Nuclear Weapons Inspector in Iraq from 1991–98, argued against an invasion and expressed doubts about the Bush Administration's claims that Saddam Hussein had a WMD capability.[11] He later accused the Bush administration of deliberately misleading the public.
I think [The Bush Administration] has stated that Iraq has weapons of mass destruction, and that's as simple as they want to keep it. They don't want to get into the nitty-gritty things such as if you bury a Scud missile to hide it from detection, there is a little thing called corrosion. Where do you hide the fuel, how do you make this stuff up, how do you align it. Because when you disassemble it, there is a process called re-alignment. There is a factory involved in that. And then you have to test launch it to make sure that the alignment works, and that's detectable, and they haven't done that. There is a lot of common sense things that go into consideration of whether or not Iraq has a operational weapons of mass destruction capability.[12]
Brent Scowcroft, who served as National Security Adviser to President George H.W. Bush was an early critic. He wrote an August 15, 2002 editorial in The Wall Street Journal entitled "Don't attack Saddam," arguing that the war would distract from the broader fight against terrorism and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, which should be the U.S.'s highest priority in the Middle East.[13] The next month, Gen. Hugh Shelton, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, agreed that war in Iraq would distract from the War on Terrorism.[14]
Retired Marine Gen. Anthony Zinni, former head of Central Command for U.S. forces in the Middle East and State Department's envoy to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, echoed many of Scowcroft's concerns in an October 2002 speech at the Middle East Institute. In a follow-up interview with Salon, Zinni said he was "not convinced we need to do this now," arguing that deposing Saddam Hussein was only the sixth or seventh top priority in the Middle East, behind the Middle East peace process, reforming Iran, our commitments in Afghanistan, and several others.[15]
By January 19, 2003, Time magazine reported that "as many as 1 in 3 senior officers questions the wisdom of a preemptive war with Iraq."[16]
On February 13, 2003 Ambassador Joseph Wilson, former chargé d'affaires in Baghdad, resigned from the Foreign Service and publicly questioned the need for another war in Iraq.[17] After the War started, he wrote an editorial in the New York Times titled What I Didn't Find in Africa that claimed to discredit a Bush Administration claim that Iraq had attempted to procure uranium from Niger.[18]
John Brady Kiesling, another career diplomat with similar reservations, resigned in a public letter in the New York Times on February 27.[19] He was followed on March 10 by John H. Brown, a career diplomat with 22 years of service,[20] and on March 19 by Mary Ann Wright, a diplomat with 15 years of service in the State Department following a military career of 29 years.[21] The war started the next day.
Lt. Col. Karen Kwiatkowski (Ret.) was political/military desk officer at the Defense Department's office for Near East South Asia (NESA) in the months before the war. In December 2003 she began to write an anonymous column that described the disrupting influence of the Office of Special Plans on the analysis that led to the decision to go to war.[22]
On June 16, 2004 twenty seven former senior U.S. diplomats and military commanders called Diplomats and Military Commanders for Change issued a statement against the war.[23] The group included:
- William J. Crowe, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under President Ronald Reagan
- Joseph Hoar, former Commander of U.S. forces in the Middle East
- H. Allen Holmes, former Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations
- Donald McHenry, former Ambassador to the United Nations
- Merrill McPeak, former Air Force Chief of Staff
- Jack F. Matlock, Jr., a member of the National Security Council under Reagan and former Ambassador to the Soviet Union
- John Reinhardt, former Director of the United States Information Agency
- Ronald I. Spiers, Under Secretary General of the United Nations for Political Affairs and a former Ambassador
- Stansfield Turner, former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
Richard Clarke, former chief counter-terrorism adviser on the National Security Council for both the latter part of the Clinton Administration and early part of the George W. Bush Administration, criticized the Iraq war along similar lines in his 2004 book Against All Enemies and during his testimony before the 9/11 Commission. In addition to diverting funds from the fight against al-Qaeda, Clarke argued that the invasion of Iraq would actually bolster the efforts of Osama bin Laden and other Islamic radicals, who had long predicted that the U.S. planned to invade an oil-rich Middle Eastern country.
Similar arguments were made in a May 2004 interview[24] and an August 2005 article by Lt. Gen. William Odom, former Director of the National Security Agency.[25]
In April 2006, six prominent retired generals publicly criticized Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld's handling of the war, and called for his resignation.[26] The group included two generals who commanded troops in Iraq: Maj. Gen. Charles H. Swannack, Jr. (Ret.) and Maj. Gen. John Batiste (Ret.).[27] One of the generals, Lieut. Gen. Greg Newbold (Ret.), who served as the Pentagon's top operations officer during the months leading up to the invasion, also published an article that month in Time Magazine entitled "Why Iraq Was a Mistake."[28]
On September 12, 2007, two retired U.S. Army generals, Lt. Gen. Robert Gard and Brig. Gen. John Johns, joined former Sen. Gary Hart in publishing a statement calling for withdrawal from Iraq. Robert Gard is the Senior Military Fellow at the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, John Johns is on the board of directors for the Council for a Livable World, and Gary Hart is the Council's chairman.[29]
In October 2007, Lieutenant General Ricardo Sanchez, former commander of coalition forces in Iraq, called the 2007 "surge" a "flawed strategy", and suggested that the political leadership in the US would have been court martialed for their actions, had they been military personnel.[30]
Opposition from soldiers[edit]
There have been several individual refusals to ship (e.g., Pablo Paredes, and 1st Lt. Ehren Watada) or to carry out missions (e.g. 343rd Quartermasters).[31] Soon after the war began, 67% of surveyed US soldiers in Iraq told Stars and Stripes that the invasion was worthwhile, though half described their units' morale as "low."[32] A Zogby poll in March 2006 found that 72% of US soldiers in Iraq said the war should be ended within a year, and a quarter said that all troops should be withdrawn immediately.[33]
Iraq Veterans Against the War (IVAW) was formed in 2004 to help antiwar soldiers network and seek solidarity from one another. IVAW held a Winter Soldier event, from March 13 through March 16, 2008, in which U.S. veterans spoke of their experiences during the Iraq War.[34][35] The Pacifica Radio network broadcast the proceedings live,[36] and streaming audio and video of the event is also available.[37] John Bonifaz filed a suit on behalf of 12 Congress members and various military families to try to stop the Iraq war.[citation needed]
Using the example of GI resistance coffee housed during the Vietnam war some Iraq war veterans have founded anti-war coffeehouses near military bases to act as resources soldiers opposed the Iraq war. Two examples are Under the Hood Café near Fort Hood and Coffee Strong near Joint Base Lewis-McChord.
Congressional opposition[edit]
U.S. Congressional opposition to American involvement in wars and interventions
1812 North America |
House Federalists' Address |
1847 Mexican–American War |
Spot Resolutions |
1917 World War I |
Filibuster of the Armed Ship Bill |
1935–1939 |
Neutrality Acts |
1935–1940 |
Ludlow Amendment |
1970 Vietnam |
McGovern–Hatfield Amendment |
1970 Southeast Asia |
Cooper–Church Amendment |
1971 Vietnam |
Repeal of Tonkin Gulf Resolution |
1973 Southeast Asia |
Case–Church Amendment |
1973 |
War Powers Resolution |
1974 |
Hughes–Ryan Amendment |
1976 Angola |
Clark Amendment |
1982 Nicaragua |
Boland Amendment |
2007 Iraq |
House Concurrent Resolution 63 |
Opinion in the U.S. Congress leading up to the Iraq War generally favored a diplomatic solution, while supporting military intervention should diplomacy fail. The October 11, 2002 resolution that authorized President Bush to use force in Iraq passed the Senate by a vote of 77 to 23, and the House by 296 to 133.[38][39] Leading opponents of the resolution included Senators Russ Feingold and Edward Kennedy.
As the war progressed and the insurgency began to develop into what many believe is a civil war in Iraq, Congressional support for the Iraq campaign began to wane. A flashpoint came on November 17, 2005, when Representative John Murtha, a Vietnam combat veteran who voted to authorize the war and is widely regarded as an ardent supporter of the military, introduced a resolution calling for U.S. forces in Iraq to be "redeployed at the earliest practicable date" to stand as a quick-reaction force in U.S. bases in neighboring countries such as Kuwait.[40]
Since the introduction of the Murtha resolution, many members of Congress, particularly in the Democratic Party, have rallied around the strategy of a phased troop withdrawal. In the 2007 Congressional session, critics of the war have sought to tie additional war appropriations to a specific timetable for withdrawal. On March 23, 2007, the House of Representatives passed an Iraq spending bill that requires that troops begin withdrawing in March 2008 and that most US forces be out of Iraq by August 31, 2008.[41]
Congressional critics of the war have also opposed President Bush's plan to send an additional 20,000 U.S. soldiers to Iraq. On January 10, 2007, Senator Dick Durbin gave the Democratic response to this plan by saying: "We have given the Iraqis so much. ... Now, in the fourth year of this war, it is time for the Iraqis to stand and defend their own nation."[42]
Opposition from presidential candidates[edit]
The Iraq War was the defining issue of the 2004 U.S. presidential campaign. All of the Republican candidates and most of the Democratic candidates supported the war, although most of the Democrats also criticized the war's prosecution.
Howard Dean, former governor of Vermont, was notable for his opposition to the war, in particular because his early lead in the polls was largely attributed to his anti-war position.[43]Dennis Kucinich, another candidate for the Democratic nomination, favored replacement of the U.S. occupation force with one sponsored by the UN, as did Ralph Nader's independent presidential candidacy.
John Kerry, the Democratic nominee for President in 2004, voted to authorize the invasion, and said during his campaign that he stood by his vote. He also argued during the campaign that "the way he (President Bush) went to war was a mistake."[44]
In the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, candidates Representatives Ron Paul and Dennis Kucinich, then-Senator Barack Obama (futurely President of the United States), Senators Chris Dodd, Bernie Sanders[45] and Mike Gravel were some of the most outspoken critics of the Iraq War. Ron Paul has said that "The war in Iraq was sold to us with false information. The area is more dangerous now than when we entered it. We destroyed a regime hated by our direct enemies, the jihadists, and created thousands of new recruits for them. This war has cost more than 3,000 American lives, thousands of seriously wounded, and hundreds of billions of dollars."[46] Barack Obama (who went on to win the election) was not a senator at the time of the voting of the Iraq War Resolution, but has repeatedly voiced his disapproval of it both before and during his senatorship, saying at an anti war rally in Chicago on October 2, 2002: "I am not opposed to all wars. I'm opposed to dumb wars." He also spoke of the "undetermined length ... undetermined cost, [and] undetermined consequences" which even a successful war would bring.[47][48] Dodd voted in favor of the Iraq War Resolution in 2002, but Dodd has since become an opponent of the war.[49] Dodd has said the Iraq War has been waged "for all the wrong reasons" and that it is eroding both the nation's security and its moral leadership.[50]
Opposition from lawyers specializing in international law[edit]
Benjamin B. Ferencz has suggested in an interview given on August 25, 2006, that not only Saddam Hussein should be tried, but also George W. Bush because the Iraq War had been begun by the U.S. without permission by the UN Security Council.[51] Benjamin B. Ferencz wrote the foreword for Michael Haas's book, George W. Bush, War Criminal?: The Bush Administration's Liability for 269 War Crimes.[52]
Opposition in European countries[edit]
Around the 2003 Invasion of Iraq and subsequent occupation of Iraq, polling data indicated that opposition to military action against Iraq was widespread in Europe.[53]
'Anti-Bush' and anti-war sentiments were reflected in many western European countries, generally with the populace less sympathetic to the U.S. stance even when the government in a given country (e.g. the United Kingdom, or Italy) aligned themselves with the U.S. position. Opinion polls showed the population was against the war, with opposition as high as 90% in Spain and Italy, and also widespread in Eastern Europe.[54] Some suggested that the reason for the EU's negative view of the war are Europe's economic interests in the region.[55] However, the electorates of France and Germany were strongly opposed to the war and it would have been difficult for their governments to fail to reflect these views.
After the first UN resolution, the US and the UK pushed for a second resolution authorizing an invasion. The French and German governments, amongst others, took the position that the UN inspection process should be allowed to be completed. France's then-Foreign Minister, Dominique de Villepin received loud applause for his speech against the Iraq War at the United Nations on February 14, 2003. Neither of these countries have sent troops to Iraq. However, despite popular opinion in their countries, the governments of Italy and Spain supported the war politically and militarily, although Spain ceased to do so after the election of a Socialist government in 2004.
In the United Kingdom, both the governing Labour Party and the official opposition Conservative Party were in favour of the invasion. The Liberal Democrats insisted on a U.N. resolution; they opposed the war as a result. Outside parliament, anti-war sentiment was more widespread: the February 15, 2003 protest in London attracted between 750,000 and 2,000,000 supporters from various walks of life. Prominent politicians and other individuals expressing anti-war views included: Ken Clarke[56] Charles Kennedy, Menzies Campbell, Tony Benn, George Galloway, Chris Martin, Damon Albarn, Ms. Dynamite, and Bianca Jagger.
Two prominent Labour politicians resigned from their positions in opposition to the war. Leader of the House of Commons Robin Cook resigned from the Cabinet two days before the start of the invasion on 17 March. In a statement giving his reasons for resigning he said:
"Our interests are best protected not by unilateral action but by multilateral agreement and a world order governed by rules. Yet tonight the international partnerships most important to us are weakened: the European Union is divided; the Security Council is in stalemate. Those are heavy casualties of a war in which a shot has yet to be fired."[57] and "The reality is that Britain is being asked to embark on a war without agreement in any of the international bodies of which we are a leading partner—not NATO, not the European Union and, now, not the Security Council".[58]
Secretary of State for International Development Clare Short supported the government's resolution in the House of Commons and remained in the Cabinet for two months but eventually resigned on 12 May.[59]
Deputy FCO Legal Adviser Elizabeth Wilmshurst resigned on 20 March 2003, three days after Lord Goldsmith's final advice[60] to the British government reversed her legal opinion (in Lord Goldsmith's first secret memo 10 days earlier[61]) that the invasion was illegal without a second United Nations Security Council Resolution to SCR 678.
Opposition throughout the world[edit]
Opinion polls showed that the population of nearly all countries opposed a war without UN mandate, and that the view of the United States as a danger to world peace had significantly increased.[62][63][64] UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan described the war as illegal, saying in a September 2004 interview that it was "not in conformity with the Security Council."[65] Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva said that the invasion "disrespects the United Nations" and failed to take world opinion into account.[66]
Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa, called the US's attitude five months before the invasion a "threat to world peace". He said they were sending a message that "if you are afraid of a veto in the Security Council, you can go outside and take action and violate the sovereignty of other countries"; a message which "must be condemned in the strongest terms."[67][68]
Religious opposition[edit]
On September 13, 2002, US Catholic bishops signed a letter to President Bush stating that any "preemptive, unilateral use of military force to overthrow the government of Iraq" could not be justified at the time. They came to this position by evaluating whether an attack against Iraq would satisfy the criteria for a just war as defined by Catholic theology.
US civil-rights leader the Reverend Jesse Jackson condemned the planned invasion, saying in February 2003 that it was not too late to stop the war and that people "must march until there is a declaration of peace and reconciliation."[69]
The Vatican also spoke out against war in Iraq. Archbishop Renato Raffaele Martino, a former U.N. envoy and current prefect of the Council for Justice and Peace, told reporters that war against Iraq was a preventive war and constituted a "war of aggression", and thus did not constitute a just war. The foreign minister, Archbishop Jean-Louis Tauran, expressed concerns that a war in Iraq would inflame anti-Christian feelings in the Islamic world. On February 8, 2003, Pope John Paul II said "we should never resign ourselves, almost as if war is inevitable." He spoke out again on March 22, 2003, shortly after the invasion began, saying that violence and arms "can never resolve the problems of man."[70][71][72]
Both the outgoing Archbishop of Canterbury, George Carey, and his successor, Rowan Williams, spoke out against war with Iraq.
The executive committee of the World Council of Churches, an organization representing churches with a combined membership of between 350 million and 450 million Christians from over 100 countries,[73] issued a statement in opposition to war with Iraq, stating that "War against Iraq would be immoral, unwise, and in breach of the principles of the United Nations Charter."[1]
Jim Wallis of Sojourners Magazine has argued that, among both evangelical Christians and Catholics, "most major church bodies around the world" opposed the war.[74] Raëlians also protested the war, organizing demonstrations in which they held signs saying "NO WAR ... ET wants Peace, too!"[75]
Protests against war on Iraq[edit]
Across the world popular opposition to the Iraq war has led to thousands of protests since 2002, against the invasion of Iraq. They were held in many cities worldwide, often co-ordinated to occur simultaneously worldwide. After the simultaneous demonstrations, on February 15, 2003, the largest in total turnout, New York Times writer Patrick Tyler claimed that they showed that there were two superpowers on the planet: the United States and world public opinion. As the war drew nearer, other groups held candlelight vigils and students walked out of school.
The February 15, 2003, worldwide protests drew millions of people across the world. It is generally estimated that over 3 million people marched in Rome, between one and two million in London, more than 600,000 in Madrid, 300,000 in Berlin, as well as in Damascus, Paris, New York, Oslo, Stockholm, Brussels, Johannesburg, Montreal—more than 600 cities in all, worldwide. This demonstration was listed in the 2004 Guinness World Records as the largest mass protest movement in history.
Support for Iraqi resistance and insurgency[edit]
There has been a debate among those opposed to the U.S. invasion and subsequent occupation of Iraq in developed countries about how to relate to forces within Iraq.
Prior to the invasion, while it was common to accuse opponents of providing objective, if not intentional, support to Saddam,[76][77] none of the major antiwar organizations declared any support for him, however limited.[78] After the invasion and the toppling of Saddam's regime, some who had opposed it now supported continuing U.S. occupation, arguing that the U.S.'s intervention had given it an obligation to stabilize the country. However, those who remained opposed to the U.S. presence had to determine their approach to the developing armed insurgency and peaceful opposition to the occupation carried out by groups like the Worker-Communist Party of Iraq (WCPI).
The most virulent divide has been about whether to support the insurgency. Of the major Western antiwar organizations, United for Peace and Justice has never supported the insurgency, but Act Now to Stop War and End Racism and the Stop the War Coalition have a more ambivalent stance on this subject. Of the smaller groups which participate in these coalitions, none support suicide bombings of Iraqi civilians, but some support violence against coalition soldiers.
At a 2004 conference in Japan, Eric Ruder, of the U.S.-based International Socialist Organization, presented a case for supporting the guerrillas. Citing the primarily decentralized and domestic nature of the insurgency,[79] the fact that a clear majority of attacks are directed against U.S. and British forces,[80] and he also claimed there was widespread Iraqi support for violent insurgency, Ruder argues that the insurgents' cause and methods are, on the whole, just and deserve support. He claims that the Iraqi right to self-determination precludes Western opponents of the occupation placing conditions on their support of the Iraqi resistance, and argues that "If the Iraqi resistance drives the U.S. out of Iraq, it would be a major setback for Bush's agenda and the agenda of the U.S. imperialism. This would be a tremendous victory for our side—making it much more difficult for the U.S. to choose a new target in the Middle East or elsewhere in trying to impose its will."[81]
Sato Kazuyoshi, President of the Japanese Movement for Democratic Socialism, argues otherwise. Reporting on the discussion at the 2004 conference, he writes that, "We cannot support, nor extend our solidarity to, them on the grounds that their strategy excludes many Iraqi citizens—above all, women—and do great harm on the civilians, and will bring the Iraqi future society under an Islamic dictatorship." He cites in turn Mahmood Ketabchi of the WCPI, who criticizes Iraqi guerrilla groups for Baathist and Islamist connections, and attacks Ruder's view as a "Left Nationalism" which ignores divisions within Iraq. Countering the response that the best way to ensure that progressive forces, not reactionary ones, dominate post-occupation Iraq would be for progressives to take the lead in fighting the occupation, Ketabchi argues that this is not possible due to the present situation in Iraq. Nevertheless, he claims, "We do not have to choose between the US and Iraqi reactionary forces. Opposition to the US is not a progressive stand per se. What matters is the kind of future that this opposition represents and objectives it pursues." A third alternative is represented by what Kazuyoshi calls the "Civil Resistance."[81]
Official condemnation[edit]
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See also Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq for pre-war positions.
The 54 following countries have protested formally and officially the prosecution of this war. They oppose the Iraq War in principle, citing in some cases that they believe it is illegal, and in others that it required a United Nations mandate.
- "The option of war can appear initially to be the most rapid. But let us not forget that after winning the war, peace must be built."– Dominique de Villepin, French Foreign Minister, at the United Nations Security Council on February 14, 2003[103]
- "To a certain extent Saddam Hussein's departure was a positive thing. But it also provoked reactions, such as the mobilization in a number of countries, of men and women of Islam, which has made the world more dangerous."– French President Jacques Chirac, November 17, 2004[104]
- "Make no mistake about it, the ultimate aim that the Bush and Blair regimes have embarked upon is nothing less than 'universal or world domination.' Iraq is merely a stepping stone along the way."– David Comissiong (Barbadian Politician)[105]
- "Iraq was not involved in 9-11, Iraq was not a terrorist state. But now that we have decimated the country, the borders are open, freedom fighters from other countries are going in and they have created more terrorism by going to an Islamic country, devastating the country and killing innocent people in that country." – Cindy Sheehan (American anti-war activist), Interview with CBS News' Mark Knoller, upon her arrival in Crawford, Texas on August 6, 2005 images.indymedia.org dc.indymedia.org
See also[edit]
- Japanese history textbook controversies
- 2003 invasion of Iraq
- Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
- American popular opinion on invasion of Iraq
- Canada and Iraq War resisters
- Criticisms of the War on Terrorism
- Families of the Fallen for Change
- Guantanamo Bay detainment camp
- Human shield action to Iraq
- International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan
- List of Iraq War resisters
- List of peace activists
- List of anti-war organizations
- Opposition to the War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
- Opposition to the Vietnam War
- Post–September 11 anti-war movement
- Protests against the Iraq War
- 2005 anti-Japanese demonstrations
- Protests against the War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
- Strategic reset
- The UN Security Council and the Iraq war
- Views on the 2003 invasion of Iraq
- Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq
- Oil price increases since 2003
- March 20, 2010 anti-war protest
Notes and references[edit]
- ^ a b "Statement Against Military Action in Iraq". World Council of Churches. February 2003. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ Chomsky, Noam (November 1, 2003). "The Iraq War And Contempt For Democracy". Countercurrents.org. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
- ^ WebCite query result
- ^ Colgan, Jeff (Fall 2013). "Fueling the Fire: Pathways from Oil to War". International Security. 38 (2): 147–148. doi:10.1162/ISEC_a_00135.
- ^ Baker, Peter (October 5, 2006). "'Just a Comma' Becomes Part of Iraq Debate". Washington Post.
- ^ "Poll: Talk First, Fight Later". CBS News. January 23, 2003. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ Benedetto, Richard (March 17, 2003). "Poll: Most back war, but want U.N. support". USA Today. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ "Iraq". pollingreport.com. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ Ricks, Thomas Some Top Military Brass Favor Status Quo in Iraq[permanent dead link] The Washington Post, July 28, 2002 p A01.
- ^ Dao, James (August 1, 2002). "Experts Warn of High Risk for American Invasion of Iraq". New York Times.
- ^ Pitt, William R. (2002). War On Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know. New York: Context Books. ISBN 1-893956-38-5.
- ^ "The Iraqi Threat: How Real Is It?". October 2002. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Scowcroft, Brent. "Don't attack Saddam" Archived April 19, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.. The Wall Street Journal, August 15, 2002. Retrieved April 17, 2007.
- ^ Graham, Bradley Officers: Iraq Could Drain Terror War[permanent dead link] The Washington Post, September 1, 2002.
- ^ Boehlert, Eric. "I'm not sure which planet they live on" Archived February 3, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.. Salon, October 17, 20002. Retrieved April 17, 2007.
- ^ Donald Rumsfeld, Pentagon Warlord Archived February 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Time, January 19, 2003
- ^ Wilson, Joseph Republic or Empire The Nation, February 13, 2003.
- ^ Wilson, Joseph What I Didn't Find in Africa Archived August 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. New York Times, July 6, 2003.
- ^ Kiesling, John Brady Kiesling's resignation became the focus of documentary "Finding Our Voices" about his and other's dissent against the war."Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 9, 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-20.U.S. Diplomat's Letter of Resignation Archived April 9, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. New York Times, February 27, 2003.
- ^ Letter of Resignation by John H. Brown, Foreign Service Officer Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. CommonDreams.org, March 12, 2003.
- ^ Third U.S. Diplomat Resigns Over Iraq Policy Archived June 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Reuters, March 21, 2003.
- ^ Cooper, Marc Soldier for the Truth Archived May 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. L.A. Weekly, February 20, 2004.
- ^ Diplomats and Military Commanders for Change Official Statement Archived October 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. (June 16, 2004)
- ^ "Ex-National Security Agency Head Calls For U.S. Troop Withdrawal From Iraq". Democracy Now!. May 12, 2004. Retrieved April 5, 2008.
- ^ William Odom (August 3, 2005). "What's wrong with cutting and running?". Retrieved April 5, 2008.
- ^ Cloud, David S., Eric Schmitt and Thom Shanker. "More Retired Generals Call For Rumsfeld's Resignation" Archived April 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.. The New York Times, April 14, 2006. Retrieved on March 23, 2008.
- ^ Whalen, Richard J. Revolt of the Generals The Nation, October 16, 2006.
- ^ Newbold, Greg. "Why Iraq Was a Mistake". Archived August 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Time, April 9, 2006. Retrieved on April 16, 2007.
- ^ Senator Hart, General Gard, and General Johns Call For Iraq Withdrawal Archived May 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Council for a Livable World (September 12, 2007)
- ^ US general damns Iraq "nightmare" "Archived copy". Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
- ^ "Troops refuse to go on mission in Iraq, citing unsafe equipment". The Seattle Times.
- ^ Raghavan&, Sudarsan. The Washington Post http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A32521-2003Oct15?language=printer. Retrieved May 20, 2010. Missing or empty
(help) - ^ "Zogby Legal -". Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ Several allegations of misconduct were presented including war crimes "US War Vets to Speak Publicly About War Crimes" Archived July 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Winter Soldier: Iraq & Afghanistan Archived May 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Iraq Veterans Against the War
- ^ "Pacifica Radio to Broadcast the Historic Winter Soldier Gathering" Archived March 31, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ How to watch and listen to Winter Soldier Archived March 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ U.S. Senate roll call vote on the Joint Resolution (H.J.Res. 114) Archived May 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine..
- ^ House roll call vote To Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq.
- ^ Schmitt, Eric, David Sanger and Sheryl Gay Stolberg. "Fast Withdrawal of G.I.'s is urged by Key Democrat" Archived February 27, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.. The New York Times, November 18, 2005. Retrieved on March 23, 2008.
- ^ Collinson, Stephen. "US House ties Iraq war funding to withdrawal timeline".[permanent dead link] Yahoo News, March 23, 2007. Retrieved on April 17, 2007.
- ^ "Durbin: 'Time for President Bush to face the reality of Iraq'". CNN. January 10, 2007.
- ^ Buchana, Patrick J. :Is it Bush vs. Dean" Archived June 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.?
- ^ Saletan, William (August 12, 2004). "Would Kerry Vote Today for the Iraq War?". Slate. Retrieved April 17, 2007.
- ^ "The fact-checker's guide to viral graphics contrasting Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders". PunditFact. Retrieved 2016-10-10.
- ^ "On the Issues: Ron Paul." Archived January 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. KPTV.com, Jul. 31, 2007. Retrieved December 3, 2007.
- ^ "Remarks of Illinois State Sen. Barack Obama Against Going to War with Iraq". BarackObama.com. October 2, 2002. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
- ^ Obama, Barack (October 26, 2002). "Wars of Reason, Wars of Principle - Setting the record straight". The Network Journal. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
- ^ "U.S. Senate: Roll Call Vote". January 27, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ "Sen. Dodd Calls For End To Iraq War". Associated Press. May 26, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2008.
- ^ Glantz, A.: "Bush and Saddam Should Both Stand Trial, Says Nuremberg Prosecutor Archived April 1, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.", OneWorld U.S., August 25, 2006. URL last accessed December 12, 2006.
- ^ Haas, Michael (2008). George W. Bush, War Criminal?: The Bush Administration's Liability for 269 War Crimes. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-36499-0.
- ^ "Many Europeans oppose war in Iraq". USA Today. May 20, 2005. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ Brief J.S Archived March 4, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Ulrich Rippert (August 12, 2002). "German chancellor speaks against US war vs. Iraq". World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ "Clarke attacks 'catastrophic' war". BBC News. September 1, 2005. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
- ^ "Cook's resignation speech". BBC News. March 18, 2003. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
- ^ "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 17 Mar 2003 (pt 33)". Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ "Clare Short's resignation letter". The Guardian. UK. 12 May 2003. Retrieved 13 April 2008.
- ^ "A case for war". The Guardian. London. 17 March 2003. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- ^ "Goldsmith first legal memo" (PDF). BBC News. 7th March 2005. Check date values in:
(help) - ^ "GLOCOM Platform - Special Topics - Social Trends". Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ "World Opposed to Bush and Iraq War, BBC Poll Says". Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ Pew Global Attitudes June 2003 .PDF Archived January 26, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Iraq war illegal, says Annan". BBC News. September 16, 2004. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
- ^ "Brazil: Iraq, U.S. Guilty of 'Disrespect'". Newsmax. March 20, 2003. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ "US threatens world peace, says Mandela" Archived March 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.. BBC News. September 11, 2002.
- ^ "Nelson Mandela: The U.S.A. Is a Threat to World Peace". Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. (full interview extracted from the August 28, 2002 issue of Newsweek).
- ^ "Jackson: Not too late to stop war". CNN. February 16, 2003. Archived from the original on May 24, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
- ^ Zwick, Mark; Louise Zwick (July–August 2003). "Pope John Paul II calls War a Defeat for Humanity: Neoconservative Iraq Just War Theories Rejected". Houston Catholic Worker. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
- ^ "Vatican Strongly Opposes Iraq War". Fox News. March 12, 2003. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
- ^ "Pope warns against Iraq war". BBC News. December 25, 2002. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
- ^ "What is the World Council of Churches?". World Council of Churches. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ Transcript of interview Archived July 31, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation on December 4, 2006
- ^ Translation: "Global anti-war rallies map series", Agence France-Presse. 15 March 2003. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
- ^ "If antiwar protesters succeed". The Christian Science Monitor. February 26, 2003. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ Instapundit.com Archived March 25, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Spartacist League/Britain Statement--Defend Iraq!". icl-fi.org. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ "Tomgram: Schwartz on Why the Military Is Failing in Iraq - TomDispatch". Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ Fred Kaplan, "Western occupiers are still the insurgency's main target." Slate Archived February 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b "Significance of Building Solidarity with Iraqi Civil Resistance". Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ "Africans back France on Iraq" Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.. CNN February 21, 2003.
- ^ "Arab states line up behind Iraq" Archived April 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.. BBC News. March 25, 2003
- ^ "Nation also bans military overflights: Austria bars U.S. troops from crossing country" Archived October 27, 2005, at the Wayback Machine.. International Herald Tribune. February 15, 2003.
- ^ Black, Ian (June 13, 2003). "US threatens Nato boycott over Belgian war crimes law". The Guardian. London. Retrieved November 17, 2008.
- ^ a b c "France and allies rally against war" Archived January 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.. BBC News. March 5, 2003.
- ^ ["Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved 2014-02-07. "Greeks accuse Blair of war crimes"] Archived copy at the Wayback Machine (archived 20160304234031). The Guardian. July 29, 2003. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved 2014-02-07.
- ^ "Argentina, Brazil Condemn the US Bombing Over Iraq" Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.. Pravda (News from Russia). March 22, 2003.
- ^ "Statement of the deputy permanent representative of Belarus to the UN". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
- ^ "Brazil: U.S. Guilty of 'Disrespect'". NewsMax.com. March 20, 2003.
- ^ "Chrétien restates opposition to Iraq war" Archived March 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.. CBC. March 18, 2003
- ^ a b "México y Chile más inmunes ante presión EE.UU. por Iraq" Archived August 27, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.. Terra (from Reuters). March 10, 2003.
- ^ "China condemns U.S. for Iraq war" Archived October 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.. The Star (from Associated Press). March 7, 2007.
- ^ "Cuba rejects Iraq war" Archived October 26, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.. People's Weekly World. August 28, 2002.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved 2011-05-14.. Indian Embassy. March 20, 2003.
- ^ "Ahmadinejad Slams Iraq War". The Washington Post. September 23, 2008. Retrieved November 17, 2008.
- ^ Shamsul, Amri Baharuddin (March 2004). "Moderate Muslims and the Iraq War". Qantar.de. Retrieved November 16, 2008.
- ^ "Malaysia regrets Iraq strike, urges restraint on anger". Kyodo News International. 2003. Retrieved November 15, 2008.[dead link]
- ^ "New Zealand PM says sorry" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.. The Sun-Herald. April 6, 2003
- ^ "War draws condemnation" Archived July 3, 2004, at the Wayback Machine. BBC News. March 20, 2003. Retrieved on April 20, 2009.
- ^ "Pope condemns any war on Iraq" Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.. CNN. January 13, 2003.
- ^ "Venezuela's Chavez Says Iraq War Creates Uncertainty" Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.. Xinhua News Agency. November 28, 2003.
- ^ s:French address on Iraq at the UN Security Council
- ^ "Chirac: Iraq war has made world more dangerous". The Guardian. London. November 17, 2004. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
- ^ "Rome, Hitler And Bush - Facing Reality" Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine., Barbados Daily Nation, March 24, 2003
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Opposition to the Iraq War. |
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Iraq War |
- Anti war dot com
- Anti-War Committee (U.S.)
- Arms Against War
- Human Shields
- Stop the war coalition
- Not One More! - Take the Pledge for Peace
- Women Against Military Madness (U.S.)
- Council for a Livable World
- JustWarTheory.com a non-profit resource for academic studies and commentary
- Anti-war train drivers refuse to move arms freight January 9, 2003, The Guardian (UK)
- About.com: Iraq War vote in 2002 - Complete Listing of 156 Congress Members Who Voted NAY


text:
Alejandro Dela Cruz's past comments
It was a disappointing movie. the love story was dumb, there are a lot of loopholes in the action scenes. I.e when Optimus got stabbed during his fight with the bounty hunter, then it suddenly got repaired when he started flying in outer space. lol.
Posted in: 'Transformers' tries for delicate U.S.-China balance
Fishes are probably swimming high now.
Posted in: Record Y7.2 bil cocaine haul washes ashore on Yokosuka beaches
Posted in: Man arrested for cutting off sleeping woman's underwear
China is asking for something they aren't even sure they can win.
Posted in: China sets air defense zone over area containing disputed islands
Everyone has to move on. They wont progress if they keep fighting over the past.
Posted in: China praises Korean assassin whom Japan calls a 'criminal'
I have never been to Japan, but if I go there, i'd like to see okinawa - World's healthiest place and a place in the world where oldest people are found living!
Posted in: What makes people want to move to Japan?
So one example would be for a groper.
If a man wants to grope a woman, he can. SO long as there are no police around? If the woman fights back in a physical manner, will the woman be in jail instead of the groper?
if that is the case, then there is something wrong with Japan's law lol
Posted in: Japanese pro boxer condemns law for classifying him as a dangerous weapon
Indeed, what a nonsense.
I pity them for being discriminated but Japan is just being reasonable. They can't support something that will become a threat to them in the future. If they(these koreans) don't like Japan(and the culture), then they shouldn't be in there in the first place, if they do not want to respect Japan's demand then they should not demand any either - they are asking for more discrimination. Perhaps the Japanese government should just deport them back to N.Korea then they will understand. Besides, they should feel lucky that they are still living in there(in Japan).
Japan has only one demand - be more like a japanese. (makes sense) These students has a lot of demands yet they are not even Japanese.
I know I am not in any position to judge these youths/schools, but they're not making any sense at all. Shouldn't Japan just deport all these N.Koreans to S.Korea, perhaps it might help, after all if they send these kids back in N.Korea I doubt they will live and be themselves still.
I think I saw this one in an action movie.....
Posted in: Man jumps onto car of wife's underwear thief; holds on for 2.5 kilometers
This is what you get after being blinded by moneyzz
keep dealing with China dummies!
Posted in: China suspected of stealing new Australian spy agency blueprints
Well, he looked like the north korean dictator in a cool way though... :) lol
Gawd, Chinese propaganda is ridiculous.
Posted in: China cracks down on over-the-top anti-Japan dramas
Wow, 15 years of his life just got wasted.
Posted in: Wrongfully convicted Nepali man asks for apology from the Japanese government
Urgh! If they ate those eggs, they would've been healthier...
Posted in: Bad eggs
I think china has took a lot of Opium these days...
they're probably high when they thought of this topic....
Omg, i never knew someone in the right mind to say such things.
Posted in: Restoration Party member ousted over Korean prostitution remarks

subset: commoncrawl


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We love Topshop's EDIT
Everyone's launching "pop-up" shops-within-shops – and Topshop's version is set to be great. Showcasing young designers, EDIT brings innovative design and hip avant garde to Oxford Circus, London. The first batch drops on 15 February. From futuristic, jewelled leotards to silk tea dresses, deconstructed T-shirts to digital knit cardigans, the selection promises to be the most directional and ground-breaking concession on the high street. Dress, £230, by KTZ.
We're not sure about Picture Me pants
"Your picture where it counts," proclaims the press release of this fairly dubious Valentine's marketing ploy. Available for men and women, simply choose a photo of your loved one (to be affixed to the rear in a lacey, heart-shaped frame) and text to go on the front (suggested bons mots: "fancy seeing you here") et voilà: modern romance. The women's pairs come with diamante and bow details; the men's have a bell attached. We'll have three pairs each. www.miodestino.co.uk
We're buying Ann-Sofie Back for Fred Perry
London's queen of quirk teams up with the king of centre court in a collaboration *that has left us love-all. The capsule collection includes knits, T-shirts and dresses, all with Ann-Sofie tweaks – shoulder pads, mixed-up proportions and extreme body-con lines – combined with a relaxed and sporty aesthetic that'll serve up a fashion ace wherever you wear it. Dress, £120.
We can't wait for The YSL Manifesto
Take to the streets on Saturday as Stefano Pilati launches his fourth 'Manifesto' magazine for Yves Saint Laur- ent, aiming to make fashion more universal. Half a million copies of the new issue – featuring Claudia Schiffer modelling the spring / summer collection – will be handed out in London, Paris, Milan, New York, and Tokyo along with YSL cotton totes.
- More about:
- Claudia Schiffer
- French Fashion
- Topshop
- Yves Saint Laurent


text:
CTE Website
Visit CTE's website for information about our services & programs, and for resources for university educators.
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A Sense of Wonder
Today I'm attending the annual conference of the Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education, and I heard a keynote address by Michael Wesch, who teaches cultural anthropology at Kansas State. He gave one of those wildly popular TED … Continue reading
Posted in Active Learning, Pedagogical Theory, Students, Teaching Methods
Tagged Active Learning, classrooms, Information Literacy, questions, students
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text:
I'll never be able to do a truly Wordless Wednesday, so just abandon that idea. And so, I give you our son Greg in a mini-age progression sequence beginning in 1972. I know the photo says it was in Feb. 1973, but that is when the photo got developed.
Greg was thrilled with the excitement of all the paper and bows and he would have been much more happy with getting just one or two gifts. This was his first Christmas, and he turned a year old two days later. Yes, that sleeper was gold. Picture taken at Jim's parent's place in Clinton, IA.
Greg and my mom playing on the floor in our house on 6th St. in Clinton, IA. I think it was around September of 1973 that Mom flew from WA to IA for a visit. Her first time flying in a jet. Dad was home playing poker, as I remember. Looks like Mom was "showin' a little ankle" in this picture too. 😉 :::gasp:::: Greg would have been close to 19 months old here. When he turned two we measured his height and he was 3 foot 2 inches. Of course, we were sure then he would attain the height of 6 foot 4 inches. Did he?
Another visit to Iowa, this time by both my mom and dad (she was never going to leave him home playing poker again, he lost $$!) so this time they both flew in for a visit. I don't know if you can tell it from this picture, but Greg really loved his Grandma Yates and by the look on Mom's face she loved him a lot too. I know that look…she's creating a memory to store of that hug and the smooch that followed. ?


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Romance Report for Feb. 18: Sleepovers, Rings and Rebounds
By Kat Giantis
With Lindsay Lohan once again facing the possibility of jail time over her allegedly sticky fingers, she's apparently making the most of her freedom. That means hanging with Samantha Ronson -- her sometime flame, sometime frenemy and current next-door neighbor -- and hitting a Hollywood hot spot until the wee hours of the morning (so much for those reports that she was "completely over the club scene").
TMZ spotted LiLo and Sam driving away from Teddy's at the Roosevelt Hotel around 2:30 a.m. Friday morning (don't worry -- SamRo was behind the wheel).
A couple hours later, Lindsay was snoozing with the soothing sounds of McDreamy in the background. "watching grey's anatomy-my fav show- @lindsaylohan sleeping next 2 me," Ronson tweeted around 5 a.m. "should i wake her up to let her know her mom is going on GMA?"
Here's hoping Ronson let Lohan slumber through the "Good Morning America" appearance, during which Dina did her usual responsibility deflection ("She's a young girl struggling. You know, she's not perfect"), Nile-deep denial ("Lindsay is just a little girl who loves to work") and blame-placing ("I never thought … the media would be so crazy … It's been really hard on my family, harder than anything") for her quintuple-rehabbed daughter.
RELATED: How does Lindsay still not get it?


text:
FINDLAY - Thirteen Findlay police officers were notified they will be laid off in two weeks.
The layoffs were announced as the city struggles to deal with a $1.6 million budget shortfall.
In Tiffin, the city is laying off one police officer and reducing city employees' work time by five hours per two-week pay period.
Mayor James Boroff has ordered a hiring freeze and is asking Tiffin Municipal Court Judge Mark Repp and Law Director Brent Howard to consider reducing their employees' hours.


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tffa rti 4fji»<littfait by'l'iiilo ll ti i salisbury s.v tubs ay july 2 1827 vol viii no 172 the terms of lho western carolinian are w per annum - nr '.•', ' "', " paid in ",,"'.'''''' ,, paymcnl in silv mil '•;• ' ".'"';' ,,""'", '.,'.-., ',*,.- a l,-i . ssl - unknow lh rdltor unless z z "■zzzzzzzzzz x'^z 7 ;,,,!",, ti i m'tm m ,'■'.' nion and twenty-live " mmmm;-m;-i,mbmp,t t n « ', ... the msy not bb attended to blander refuted in the following letter from lho nashville ci ttce the reader will find a completi ref.i lallon i lho ti,,,"l i ■:,,, :, have !, ,-,-,, propaga ted in relation ,,, thc marriage nl gen jackson a letier j on ih ti ' i .. ",--. - - / .\,, ', ,,",, /" iii ," .,,,, /,",", , timilar cotn.dltee at cincinnati p-i iik mbjecl of oen jaekion marriage uccompaniedby di umcnti in an upp -■di thereto nnn . ,-.,.'. l.l',1 l,ial llinvui.l xx ll tlinmns be same perawns and bymij thomas mien and ' l meant cnpt itobards himself jcqilts hcr,«n.l admillod that liis suspicions yere unjust in ibe spring ...■summerol 769 judge overton slid oen jackson bcjaiiie boar dors at mrs donelson's whei oen jock son lirst saw mrs lioliardt ; ii the same prin nr summer apt robirds and bis wife became reconciled and ived togcth c ai hor mother's mrs lionclson captain h'ubards in lhc maul er which bis jealousies suggested arc fans as to which we will present you wiili sn i . ir cumstanccs testimony and conclusion as we cur obtain or arrive at here wc will remark that if true it is t charge which should lie affirmatively proven by clear evidence of specific fai is those who make tbe charge rely on the acl of ibe legislature of virginia the legal proof eilini-'i inkentuejtv m-ji!m1_j enough to inflame the mind of poor rohords ' addiclcd as lie was to si louj habits am ihe most . hildish suspicions mrs rowen soys " in this transaction referring tothe jeulousy ol robards ond j liis last scparatl ,, from his wife i c-.,u safely say from my intimacy with both mrs oonolson ond her daughter mrs iii aid ,, as wei bs f ii i.eral jo ksun th ti not be lca'it rensure ought to be thrown upon any person but mr robards when thc circumstance a ••»- — language of all the country snd i never heard until now th»l there was anv per son living who had a knowledge of ibr fait . entertained a different opinion except mr robsrds himself in whose ' weak an i childish disposition i think tlie whole affair originated a l.'-l !,■,",,,. la n.miller i'll maa mil a,"l vriliur itendrlc committee of correspondence an lieball of ilia cincinnati jackson committee oektlriikni in reply to your nine published in the nasi villi republican un dor date may lath 182 , illing our st icmiou to certnin newtpaper charges i i ,- oeneral 1 1 ks n snd his 1 j • 1 > . j anu"!,,ly ibe ebartte made in one newsj iii ihe summer or fall of ihis year capt robsrds became jealous of en jackson upon this part uf thi subject we will quote ibe statement tl judge overton as giving be musi authentic a count ol ibe several lads which ran ired aliulll ihat time he says nol nanv in nli elapse i before robsrds becsm u-ali.i.s ul l.irkson which 1 fell eonliilnn p .,.,<■: i -" !-- ,., j.r^^^^^titimtit jackson i lie decree of mercer county court and what occurred subsequent to thc act of thi i egislature of virginia shall be considered presently that apt robards was jealous or sits plciousi woul i probehlv woigh but little as in as pre disposed thai way und ijst <>!' letters wm n ab.ngdon samuel i ot , m ada v ,"- a ?;■:"-, ..,.' i z i r,i this testimony concurring with the testimony ,>! oil l"'i persona whose statements are subjoined for yout exsm , inatlon ihere seems to be but one pool i ble conclusion thst the charge mado on oen jackson was unfounded and mrs jackson perfectly innocent j l,,.i of this } you and the public will judgei and per haps more satisfactory upon seeing the li.n i,e progress of this affair and ibe tcs liiiiniiy connected with ii some lime in ibe month of january 1791 mrs robsrds descended tho river io natchez under tbe protection of col stark an old 1 respectable gentleman ; gen jackbon accompanied col niai-k and mrs kobards to natchez and so soon is oen jackson sosv them safely landed at natchez lie immediately returned lo nashville was it the m.y superior court and attended to business ss attorney oeneral mrs robards during her resi dence in the neighborhood mud princl i alls in lhe family ol ( ols ". ho irecn and llrucn families as highly respecta ble as any in the country the tausr of this journey by mrs robordsond he reason whi h in luce i gen jackson to "-, ii,j,,iiii col stork we ill give liter ally in the language 1 ihc testimony of judge overton and w r crulcher judge overton soys some i afterwards during be winter of 1791 mrs donelsptl lold nie ul her daughter's intcnlion to go down the river to natchez to some i.r hcr friends in order to keep mil l lhe way of captain robards as she said he bad threatened to •• hauui her knowing an i did capt robards unhappy jcaloui disposition and his temper growing out of it i thoughtthal shew light lo keep out nl his win i though i ilo not believe inai i loexpicscdmymlttotbeold la.ly or any other person ii the whole affair gave jackson great uneasiness and ibis nil t appear strange to one as well acquainted win his character is i was : continually together during ..".' attendance on wilderness courts whilst other young mon were in dulging in i'smiliari.ies with females of relaxed morals no suspicion of ibis kin.l of the world's censure ever fell to jack son's share in his in l.is singularly delicate smsc of honor and in hat 1 thought his chivalrous com options of the female sex il always occurred to me that he was distinguishable iron ever olher person with whom i wos acquainted ii v , n i the time .,! m.s donelson'a communh ition lo me respecting hcr daughter's intention '.! going to natchoz i pen cived in jackson symptoms ,.! more than usual concern i determined to as ,, ,, dn the csii ,-• when be frankly told ms ihoi he ssa he most unhappy of men in bavin innocently and unintentlonslly lircn the cause ol lhe loss of the peace a,,d happiness of mrs kobards whom ho believed ... lie a f.no woman in ihis i concurred with him hul remonstrated upon tho proprictyol his nol giving i mi sell any un i inc i sboul it ll was not long alter ihis before ho i ommunicsted to me his intention ol going lo nali l.r s.i.i col hark ss i ,, whom mrs robards ;,. , , n led iho river saying lhal - bc bad no friend or relative thul would go with her or a.si.i ,,, preventing stark his family ond mrs robsrds from being i , red hy iho indians then in ,, sl to <"',"■.,■'• k - ''■' ,,." bltekwell jacob lsl ',, , i narine r - 1 "'" 1 s ' b '•'•"' i'm son li th c i '-■william black charle i '■,-- ,-" i ll.llur alexander l-ocke ia baker beth letheo rli ,,', s ll 1 '. '. •"'''* , ' >', 11 n michael mitcbicl ih r r ■**'<" '"' mu "" s2t bs william v m'gab ;-','.;,,;,', lima peter moury [., ,,,,".,, bltekwell john mcneely ,!,!■;.,' i'amnm lohll^mc utluctl zacherish chethlcr nancy wen ,." rv clemmoni or jacob ox 11 n ralls wll'lsia i'rio zzz louisa m.l'i.,1 n j ohn !■"."";, : i -.•;•' ; -' ',' '■> philip correll z john coils john i intel john (' c.ibai-i ■-■•' »!."«■' .. ■john clemin.nl hugh pinhole j,.s clei land reorge rnseman john cllne ..,-":,-"• william chunn '.' richard i 1 ' ■"-' " jamet charle william l ll j"""-l,a deal william i laynw john it i!.>,,,i j kudisel eleanor hum will.a .. ittny thomas i nsnci nod s l ,,.".,, paddlcmon john 1 smith john fjiintte ■' « - john ford robert smith hermnn fisher william h smidi frederick ford ***" s smith rreelt.iil i • '-' rn > "*'" : "'' " ?,..,,. m lltvidshulinbirge will am gray richard shayel cjohi l.lnver va t.^m 1 ' oflwo gen jackson prevailed upon the h lt irritating conversation on this sublet i a "»™ f vlnrlnis ossied ihe set wire of lewis robar i mercer nty lj h his wile 1 heard amidsi the tears <•' t , ' '' " ,' ,, . ;.' , >," \ , "", kentucky to «. in her husband anil llv lirr " m ."", her mother ho were "■,."!>■! «'' h '•'" '" " '.,"',." . l ! " w i,h himself in the ch.r.e.er oi a wife distressed i urged to retard the un m '" <" ' l ' , "^ n " y , ,'' m ll)d i also see be evidence by l.nlln.m of hi conduct after lhe pain k p » j t a b»"d because which the eillior attempts to support this i |, a d taken to produce harmony as a k ■.. r i v wis no t satisfied charge wc now submit lo you a succin mu uaj wend ol boib familioi and my l,l * e b " { l ch / r _ e ",",,. •"", re siotemcntol lhc facts attending lhc sepa honest conviction that his suspieions were '" " c , ' ' ' ' .',;"",',•"" i ', ro'u ■hu 1 fu.urotari.md 1.1 wife nd groundless these romonstrsteesseen '^ be , a led by recurrence he subsequent manisre o mrs r - with od n0 , ," have ibe desired elleii as ; , ,",",,,•" , cltcr , 0 | , v hicl grn jackson and also such evidence and " uk |, commotion snd unhaprjness i>ic "*«"' » , documenis as will probably be sufticlcntly vailed in the family ss in lhatoi mrt rob z\z z\1 itnber of ihe virginia leg tftisfaciory to the public ards in kentucky islature in ihe session of i7tf0,whens lleforewc proceed.it mav be propel at length i communicated j ck,on ' petition was presented in behalf of a mr to know something of the persons whose tho u , 1 |,..,.. ..,, . ; lu ation f iving in a ft obar |, for a divorce he was said to be testimony is subjoined alluded to oi ," m . " iu . re there was so much dltiur-l nmem ", oneo h e ooumies of ihe quoted bance and concluded by telling him that i district of keniuck y then a pari of vir the character of gen james hrecken h ... wou | d cn d cavor t0 git some other - , a h k .^_ , b j eve , , he second in ridge of fincasile > .. is no doubt wcl pj ace ; to thj a he readil assented hu ! stance or an aptalication tor a divorce that known you ; it is said to bc high ond wtlcll . 10 r0 wc did not know hen ] uea ma(lc 1o thc i.,....i s i,irc very unspottcdi he was s member of tlie vir consc j ou9 0 | his innocence he said that certa ; n | y the becom j that i had bcen called glnia legislature when capt robords op | ic would talk ... robsrds what passed l pon , 0 y0 , e , wa , a you ng man at that ilici for a divorce and one of.lhc com j h . n ,. ecn cap kubards a,,d jackson i do 1 j mc . ai , ,| lc ,. ,- 1 . j , impression made .", mince oppeinicd io examine hia sppl.ca , l()t kt)0w aa . was obsrrt some where mi v , v . i . hc noy , lv an _ importance tion ai ; report ,, bill as stated in thc not now recollected when the conversa 0 , , be case combined wiih lhe inieresi cincinnnli paper , tion and result took pl.ee but retui tied w |,' c h 1 felt iu thc behalf of lho female judge m'nairy whose letter is subjoin ■' soon afterwards the nhole affair was ,,"",.,,".,,_,, ",.,», with great distinct cal is ihc dial rict j.,.!:;e i ihe 1 odcra r ,.|" 1 ,.| ," mc by mrs donelson the nejj m . i ri | s v as represented lo court.a in of high and unblemished mo h er 0 f mrs liobards and ss well ssl l q nm of v ile wild habitt and harsh reputation vhoso statement maybe re llc n cc , by jackson himscll the sub l mper . i,i ssile lovely snd blameless in lied on as mosl accurate and incomrover " ancoo f their account ass that mr jack l e r disposition and deportment so cruelly lible : i!,osc who know him know that sdn ct capt robards near the orchard lrcplc j |". r husband as io make a no considerations could induce bun in f encj and began mildly to rcmnns.u'.c | , | . .",,,. y ," ,,",. i lt ar .... --..■.'.' •■■i _______ '■...... --|.- ling ________________•__________,,,,.!, , r".t,.ifd_liv i > jlxm'a'lmdsr li ';- *..- '-'« nicliard firol.om -'- - '• - 1 '' ' j llis testimony mrs elizabeth craighead is ihe widow oftha ue rev ' i.'.s ■' .".-• ■'■- '' anil md^t^siunlswetras himsell tn5 lii.lctim robacdsbecime violently angry an allusive and threatened to whin jackj staiet^rtlike these ih!u^votcinnffl judicial inquiry on ihe subject which i ,,| iv vs ndf isiuod clcnlnaleil ina ilivnrccj all , 1 ■'■■■'■liter to i ranee a lady ol the purest char ,"" '" lkl hin1 hc hdc . n0 , bol i y strcngilfl henry il'dl william i i •■• aclcr with a mind highly intelligent and ," f k hi him nor should he do sr feeli,.|.-l charles a hogenin william taylor cultivated conscious of his innocence and returned henry hole margrel thorn on •,->,. sally smith widow of gen daniel to h j 8 c abin iclling him at same tiinr.l hannah hill ," i ; u ih'm smith formerly a senator in congiest a , ho , tr hc insisted on lighting h wouldl i h rd harris mote wood l.n'v of unblemished character unci ol ( ,- lv h j m kc ntlcmoi,l v satisfaction orl theodore lligley . belli w'amire excellent good sense words to that effect i.'pon jacksot's to i william ii lliighet-l loteph welch | m r8 . mary h bowen ; widow of capt , urn out 0 f ,|, e house capt robards ssid 3173 - vvl ''' _____\_ _[__ '' *'' _ '■william liowi-ii sister of oen russel and ,),", | ie jy wt care f ur him nor his vifc ~ flsi of 1 etters he late col russell offoyclte county abusing them both that he w.s deter kstiaikinr onh'i fin tin i " ic it kv » most respectable and sensible lady liined not to live with mrs robsrds c'ln'ord n a i-mi i"i i ir | mr thomas cruicher the 1 re.surer j ac _ son retired trom the family and wem john andrew william meant lf west tennessee whose character for | t0 ivc bt mansker'a station c'api and w bcstian wm mctiraw i hones v ami veracity is bs high and un-lnobords remained several montlis with henry b heaver george miller luesiioned as that of any man in the his wife ond lhen went lo kentucky in john barnhart _ at « "';. m ' '; ' - z " c , company with mr thomas crutcher and j3m m black olher mci ; of mr \. foster it is only necessary pro bably some other persons john ilo.inger man m rce in s.v that he was for many years i re so far ass we have icen able to sscer abner brooks win ii i'i ' idem of thc hoard of oui i md < ommu tll ; n h y inquiry this is the only altercation margaret biard taj.li i ; ' ,,,,.,, one l the most honorable and lhat cver took place between gen ja i jiamill'..ad-..asi i l " - ,", , i i correct men of our country ton and capt robards mr crutchci lisrew f.rn.e shore of judfretirerton's character we need s0y5 , .. 1 never heard of ocn isckson leonard coglc uovid he ,,, v ,,, i i ; - tho lesiimony of no person um | capt robsrds listing sny quarrel r wm crea'on r.rmenio itcgen |, a8 been retorted to where there could be m i 8un derslandlng but thc one nor do i itab l)"vis mores h my the lightest question raised as in b elieve they ever did l'.m'nm imi i john b smith their character this difference or quarrel was in as jactjithor driir snllon . in mokug ihc investigation you wish sertion of l|)e wwike ," l , ( ., | ., l | bj john ford jocoh hiir ah ' ed u l,.,ve met will some difficulty md j ackson ,) 0 j f c.pt robard's sus henry goodman lianie i wad delay nn account of the great length of lime . q *. n j bckw)n , cc mi william g hudton john ' «• j rt the public mind for o great many years ,,,_;, , 0 have lefl mr ,, donelson's l « arris 7 george bitty '" lhia ' : '"' ; " ' *"* z ' ,"' r capl robards and bi wife lived logalh jamnel ioora .'- lino while ihis subject it the lime when mi o er severa | ninths afterwards in apparent david m'chiro i ' ii ti weddiogton hards separated from bis wife applied for , thomas hnllv 2 all'usi work u divorce obtained . i ond general jack ' i s,s hw-n tr ii stohkk p m ""',""., " ,, ",,. . , ,,"".," l,e la " were 1 " the month of j "»• * j , ettas zzz ria.'ss-is z '■■xz^zzzzz tnt.,1 lllli i aiai.l l.nmry ! ,.,, ."|, j i !,, ,, i 1 , , , , i :,! 1 c did i ' i '- i ■' ti - ' l "" ! ' -± ' ,, vll i.i ltmi lii.bjiils allegi'd iiicmili.ii.iirt fn hit wife as a ground of disorce and i i rather think lhal i.e did i ..... >•■">■or that 1 thought i innocent ond thai my vole was intended to liberate lice as the injured pany in addition to whicli we will now coll vour attention to such positive testimony as we have collected as to the injustice ol rapt kobards suspicions and the charge made gainst oeneral jackson judge overton who lived in ibe same room with oen jackson during all the period in question slept with h.m held ihe strictest and most confidential intims cy with bin stale as his sole deal belief ihat mrs l bards was innocent and most unjustly suspected j ihat such was ihe result of bis own observations nn 1 such were ol all limes the solemn everalions of ocn jackson during lhal pcr i 0 l a.,,1 ut ll limes since mrs crsighc id mi i smith nnd mrs i sen had thc best opportunities of judging cor rectly i in speaking of mrs liobardi conduct | ' l ''•"• ihe lime she cumc 1 kentucky and iul the injustice ol li baid suspicions mr c ys « 1 have no hesitation in sta'lng il as ni fti m belief hot his captain robards mtuiclon wcic entirely g.oundlcss ; no uly ever conducted herself in more be coming manner during the i ic of thai period i hovo lived within a row miles ol mr jackson's ever sin e ihat lime wi.h lho exception ol it two yea and base been iutimoie with her and can s,y thai ,,,, lady maintains ,. boiler i ha tctcr or is ....,'," exemplary in her ilc i mi i.i ,,, iii'.ic iii loved by hemn^^j tl.n i ii l.,:',"nir fdi 7!m7 palm i -",..-:,-! !-____■i ,, . melehnr han philip mock jnhn ellis , h benjamin pcrabeo rseku-i panih •_■philip frank john it.lcv v john ford llurw.ll itu.h v ohrirtlon frank itoiah ll.ittell 1 ignatius gok'tberry losepli 8 i y .!:"-,,!, hi leonard tt i smttli henry b sarah sm 1 philip ll.-.l rick '. horns • ; ' john llv.lt william 11 toomy btufla fieplct n'"hnn hi henry hill m,,m " i-,"i ho iton ). ■whitlow johntmlee peter wood henrv keply got young 7 ll li nol'nsavii.i.k p.m ts^vrniin in minus su--;,ii ion will res ,- nl in ihcir previous conducl . to the justice ol ihis judgment thirty seven ye.rt d domestic peace of useful virtue it ive given a sanction whi i must operate upon i v.-ry candid ond generous mind wiih irrcsistlblo power uul notwi.lv standing all these difli ultics we believt hat wc sre able to piesclil to you a c n 1 1 hisli ry of these trans.ciiunt ! in the bummer or fall of 171 mi - robards wos compelled by her husbon i , p robards who then resided in mer cet county ky to leave him and lo seek , a home with her mother tftrs donclson ■widow lads living about ii-n miles fn.iii t he ,,-',,- though ' • ■■■hi s i ' mlnstion stpcars i to have becn nev r i i return or li'c **■' '' his ite again bul to.descrt her fercverj md in l - ncvei di i return o sec net i ,,..,;" i ,,, this part of lhe la-sti ni'.i v . ur refci youi - mr < rutcher'sstatcinoni i m r ,. iloba.ds lived ■-'■b.r mothers duringthe whole ol ibe summer am tall , : 7t ,, or perhaps occasionally a ( '"' hay's who had married her sis i dcccmhor 1790 while mrs robards was living »' her mother's where cant robards left her on bis dcpailurc im kentucky ' aptstin robards applied lo lhc leg laluri ' urginia foi a divorce . . _^^^_^^^^ ffltil i.clrl.lio.s mis smllh say all the clrcumstsn ces attending this rapture i can ot l,",,t io state with much particularity at uiitl.le day but ills hardly possible considering the !,.•<• ond unreserved in lercourse that prevailed smongsi an mc respec.sble classes ol people hero ... hot ime thai on incident ol this kind should m w'uhout being fully snd generally known and ihat evei y person ihoultl i on , in in the same views upon lit i h.ral lei . without the best icsons in this lra.lt " ,, mr robards alone w.s c nsured and i never he.rd a respectable man ni ,,| ss ,, , and em ccdlngly trouble ,,,,,-. \- , ,, nllngly jackson in company with , mrt uobartl . and ( ',,! lark .. vcni rablo and highly etloemod old msn and friend i "| mrs rohard -- w nl down the river rrom nasi iiii ',. n'aichcz tome lime in ihu winter ol tprlligol 17,1 ll w.s n however without the urgonl entreaties f id staik who wanted protection irma ihe indian ihat ' i " " ronsented lo ae.comp.ny them ol which i had heard l , | ih >.,, |. ,,,,,', , onversalion with mc y alllldi i 10 mr ut hcr s.iys ii i ,,,[ kobard i never to my knowlcdgo relumed u weal ten ios.ee o what was then colled cuinberl i it wa reported 0 ni lhal hc . i ..... i . i.i 1 .-, ■ome n i , i ,- bit wife to kentucky d c i'i he to live llicro kho as well as a i her | r |, wss very murh opposed in mils ,,,,,: ", order io place hors»ll bey 1 his . ! nildsrstboil a the nine i ■- yu\u a\\«-j fntlmlh lubicrib.r in beptenil hound onnrcntice to th i'd ,-■ne.t.byt nome of edward broil " w ,",,"", or forbid 1 -, lo hoi or tru plot him i'.iam'lti ,"," ■,; it ilk si i " . rnasiiviiic in i i-ni-ssee tiitrn-r hud vis compelled at iiii lime by ben husbond to leave him is proven by judgd i iveru .' loslimony by gen hay nnd byl ,,, i mcgilinisi lhal she was all injured , a ml inn icent woman ol most irreproseba actcr nl d conducti is proyer by winch tl.e le inure uihoriwd e udici.l inquiry and " divorce 1 i und irua \\ ;"■;,,■; il g ispl ions of captain robards at ti ■p rlod were i whether *'•■-■'.■bickucui had injured w bib iron i v dent i virtuous female sn • , »«' 0 1 boarded t lhe time in iho house ol .** rs donclson snd it was tho common be lefl "..,, hischsracter 1 standing sdded id h engaging mid sprightly me-tpor«w«t<i
Object Description
Title | Western Carolinian |
Masthead | Western Carolinian |
Date | 1827-07-24 |
Month | 07 |
Day | 24 |
Year | 1827 |
Volume | 8 |
Issue | 372 |
Technical Metadata | Image was scanned by OCLC at the Preservation Service Center in Bethlehem, PA. Archival image is an 8-bit greyscale tiff that was scanned from microfilm at 400 dpi. The original file size was |
Creator | Philo White |
Date Digital | 2009-04-13 |
Publisher | Philo White |
Place |
United States North Carolina Rowan County Salisbury |
Type | Text |
Source | Microfilm |
Digital Format | JP2 |
Project Subject | State Archives of North Carolina Historic Newspaper Archive |
Description | The Tuesday, July 24, 1827 issue of the Western Carolinian a newspaper from Salisbury, North Carolina |
Rights | The SA of NC considers this item in the public domain by U.S. law but responsibility for permissions rests with researchers. |
Language | eng |
OCLC number | 601574294 |
Title | Western Carolinian |
Masthead | Western Carolinian |
Date | 1827-07-24 |
Month | 07 |
Day | 24 |
Year | 1827 |
Sequence | 1 |
Page | 1 |
Technical Metadata | Image was scanned by OCLC at the Preservation Service Center in Bethlehem, PA. Archival image is an 8-bit greyscale tiff that was scanned from microfilm at 400 dpi. The original file size was 1289425 Bytes |
FileName | sawc03_18270724-img00001.jp2 |
Date Digital | 4/13/2009 8:57:57 AM |
Publisher | Krider & Bingham |
Place |
United States North Carolina Rowan County Salisbury |
Type | Text |
Source | Microfilm |
Digital Format | JP2 |
Project Subject | State Archives of North Carolina Historic Newspaper Archive |
Description | An archive of The Western Carolinian a historic newspaper from Salisbury, North Carolina |
Rights | The SA of NC considers this item in the public domain by U.S. law but responsibility for permissions rests with researchers. |
Language | eng |
FullText |
tffa rti 4fji» |


text:
View topic - good gold seller
good gold seller
10 posts
• Page 1 of 1
good gold seller
Hey Guys, Where do you all usually purchase your golds from ? I just came across this site and bought some golds and i realise they also have a price beating service to beat whichever site who is cheaper than theirs by 5% which i would like to take advantage of. So i can get the cheapest gold on the market and their fast and good service on top of that. Thanks for your help in advance.
Last edited by hongya on Wed 07.13.2005 10:13 pm, edited 1 time in total.
- hongya
- Posts: 1
- Joined: Wed 07.13.2005 8:16 pm
RE: good gold seller
"Gold" as in the shiny yellow metal with good electrical conduction? Are you really sure were the people you want to be asking for this information? Besides, unless you're talking about gold coins, I think your price matching seller is trying to scam you -- and unrefined gold's not sold that way outside of movies. In fact, even if you are talking about gold coins, this is probably a scam.. Forget about price matching go to a legitimate seller with a more legitimate reputation.
Last edited by MenomaMinx on Wed 07.13.2005 8:51 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Click below daily or a bunch of starving people will come to your house to eat you!(Either way, problem solved
http://www.quickdonations.com/ http://www.donationjunction.com
http://www.quickdonations.com/ http://www.donationjunction.com
- MenomaMinx
- Posts: 87
- Joined: Thu 06.30.2005 9:15 pm
RE: good gold seller
Mods....delete this post....it's garbage/scam/spam.
- kempokatt
- Posts: 62
- Joined: Sat 04.30.2005 10:05 am
RE: good gold seller
I'm done now. Go ahead and delete.
I'm done now. Go ahead and delete.
Harisenbon - Posts: 2964
- Joined: Tue 06.14.2005 3:24 am
- Location: Gifu, Japan
- Native language: (poor) English
RE: good gold seller
I think THIS person will profit from buyers, if ya' get my drift...
- Gaijinian
- Posts: 232
- Joined: Sat 03.05.2005 6:22 pm
RE: good gold seller
I have no idea what he is talking about. 'gold'? I removed the links. hongya, if you are not a spammer, please explain how this relates to Japan or Japanese? Please do not post spam.
clay - Site Admin
- Posts: 2809
- Joined: Fri 01.21.2005 9:39 am
- Location: Florida
RE: good gold seller
clay, you're too nice. Delete this jerk's thread, delete his account, and ban his IP from ever coming near your site again.
- kinch
- Posts: 29
- Joined: Mon 03.21.2005 7:47 am
jinksys - Posts: 595
- Joined: Sat 01.29.2005 4:12 pm
RE: good gold seller
lol thats a little harsh but the topic has absolutely nothing to do with this website.
1) Have decent proficiency in Japanese, enough to get around/talk/read/write.
2) Visit Japan for a week or so one summer.
1) Have decent proficiency in Japanese, enough to get around/talk/read/write.
2) Visit Japan for a week or so one summer.
- Christian_
- Posts: 399
- Joined: Tue 06.21.2005 10:35 pm
RE: good gold seller
It's a SPAM post for Gil/GOLD sellers on MMORPGs.
Harisenbon - Posts: 2964
- Joined: Tue 06.14.2005 3:24 am
- Location: Gifu, Japan
- Native language: (poor) English
10 posts
• Page 1 of 1
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text:
Ma04 Zambiana Rectangle Rug By, Black White, 9'3" X 13' by Nourison
Product ID:
Price Quote
when buying in bulk
- 100% Wool Pile
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- Professional Dry Clean
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