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Organised by Henrietta Green, compiler of the invaluable Food Lovers' Guide to Britain, the Food Lovers' Fair drew together 50 of Britain's best specialist producers. "It's simply brilliant," declared Jennifer Paterson, half of the Two Fat Ladies, puffing on her Woodbine. "There should be one every weekend. Everyone would come. It's the kind of thing that the French, the Italians and the Portuguese never lost."
It seems that many others feel the same way. Over a dozen farmers' markets are now regularly held in the UK and many more are planned for next year. Offering an outlet for direct sales by small, specialist producers to customers, the name comes from the US, where the number of farmers' markets has grown from 300 in 1974 to 2,500 today. Each week, up to a million Americans do their shopping there. At the long-established market in Union Square, New York (one of 25 in the city), I saw perhaps two dozen stalls on a quiet Monday last June. Produce included bundles of organic asparagus, aromatic clumps of lettuce, skeins of two-tone wool from Jacob's sheep and squares of wheat-grass, providing greenery for Manhattan's apartment- bound cat population.
According to one report, Union Square traders can make up to $10,000 a day at weekend peaks, though there was little sign of such lucrative takings at the time of my visit. Of course, the idea of farmers' markets is not a new one - every one of the 6,000 weekly markets in France is to some extent a farmers' market - but they have almost completely died out in Britain since the Second World War (the Pannier Market in Barnstable is a rare survivor).
"For the past half-century, British markets have been seen as a cheap dumping ground with little emphasis on quality," said Henrietta Green, who is now the patron saint of the small producer. "In order to overturn the idea of indifferent goods at rock-bottom prices, farmers' markets have to be regulated so we know that food is locally produced and to a high standard."
The British have to change their approach to food buying, she added. "We tend to think of shopping as a chore which needs to be done as quickly as possible. That's why people go to supermarkets, though they're quite stressful and harassing. Farmers' markets must be perceived as an enjoyable leisure activity. I'd like to think we'll all be dashing to them in the next few years, but it will be quite a rocky path for traders. People have to be persuaded to go and they must have confidence in what they're buying. Integrity is vital."
New Forest cider-maker, Barry Todd, who was doing a roaring trade at the Food Lovers' Fair, stressed the financial advantages of selling direct to the public: "I was approached by one supermarket buyer who was astonished that I didn't want to have anything to do with him. `What's the point in selling to you?' I said. `You'd just grind me down on price'."
But Peter Greig of Pipers Farm, Cullompton, Devon, who was handing out generous samples of traditionally cured ham and pesto-stuffed chicken at Borough Market, insisted that the most important benefit of direct selling is building up a relationship with customers. "It's very important that we have complete control from start to finish," he declared. "We've spent 20 years building up this business - we put so much passion into our products and we want to pass it on to customers without interference. We want no middlemen."
Nichola Fletcher, a venison producer from Auchtermuchty, pointed out that supermarket regulations were at odds with traditional production. "They can't take our meat. It's hung for three weeks, so it's got a high bacteria content. What they can't understand is that it's good bacteria. The battle against industrial farming has benefited hugely from BSE. It made people stop and realise that good meat costs money."
Usually held fortnightly or monthly, farmers' markets are sometimes organised by local authorities, and sometimes by the producers themselves. With 20 to 30 stalls, the markets customarily combine organic with conventional produce. Unlike the Food Lovers' Show, farmers' markets are confined to local producers. The Bath farmers' market, held on the first Saturday of each month under the handsome Victorian arches of the disused Green Street railway station, insists that traders must be located within a 35-mile radius of the city.
Established in September last year, this self-regulated venue was the first US-style farmers' market in Britain. "It's not a massive money-spinner, but it does get the product known," said Keith Goverd, who sells 20 different types of single-variety apple juice at Bath. He added that the market has re-established an old tradition. "It's no different to what our parents and grandparents did. If you have direct contact with consumers, people appreciate what you're producing. There's now a food elite in this country. This doesn't mean they're rich, but they do take an interest in food and ask questions pertinent to health and the quality of food."
Debra Bolbot, who sells smoked meats and cheeses at Bath's farmers' market, is convinced the markets are here to stay. "I've no doubt they will catch on," she said. "There's no comparison with ordinary markets. There's always somebody who can produce things cheaper, but we're offering a totally different standard of food." Experts agree that farmers' markets have to set up their stalls well away from ordinary street markets. Any attempt to combine the two is usually disastrous.
The Bath initiative has been followed by farmers' markets at Bristol, Frome (where 5,000 attended on the first day), Glastonbury, Bridport, Gloucester and Cullompton. Breaking the west country monopoly, events have also taken place in Wolverhampton, Holmfirth and Lewes, with others planned for Ashford, Winchester, Chard, Sevenoaks and Tunbridge Wells. At least three are being considered for London - lslington, Notting Hill and Borough Market.
Local authorities see farmers' markets as a way to reinvigorate town centres made moribund by out-of-town supermarkets. Last week, a seminar on farmers' markets organised by the south-eastern region of the NFU drew 30-odd council officials from Surrey, Kent and Sussex. "It's not simply a question of putting a few stalls in the market," warned Harriet Festing, an expert on American farmers' markets who works for Ashford Borough Council. "You require professional management and entertainment." One US market features a cannon which fires pumpkins; rock bands, jugglers and cherry- stone spitting competitions are more conventional attractions.
Despite the mushrooming growth of farmers' markets, success is by no means guaranteed. Of the 20 set up last year, about a quarter flopped. The seminar was mysteriously informed that Horsham farmers' market collapsed due to "general trader opposition". One speaker noted that even the ground- breaking Bath operation was "not generating enough excitement at present". Gareth Jones of the Farm Retail Association stressed that farmers are not necessarily great entertainment (a fact known only too well to listeners of The Archers): "Farmers may be great at growing and rearing but freeze in front of people. But the truth is that if small producers are to survive, they have to get out there and sell."
- More about:
- Butchers
- Retail
- Seminars
- Turkey (bird)


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This is not a post about the lovely Soap Bubble Nebula in the picture.
It's about another mysterious thing – the post I put up yesterday about free mp3 downloads being offered on a magazine website.
It's vanished overnight like a burst bubble.
Why is that? Since it's about freebies, did it still constitute an ad somehow? I offered it up just as a free thing people might want to take advantage of, not as marketing. Curiouser and curiouser.
Can someone please explain what happened?
Cheers, Caitlin

subset: commoncrawl


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- Recreation, Culture & Library
- Special Events
- Canada Day
- Star Search Markham
Recreation, Culture & Library
Markham Web Content Viewer (JSR 286)
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The City of Markham is searching for our next big star. This is your chance to be in the spotlight for our biggest Canada Day event yet, in celebration of Canada 150! On July 1, the winner of Star Search Markham will take center stage at Milne Dam Conservation Park to perform live in front of thousands and receive a $1,500 grand prize.
If you're a dancer, vocalist, band or another talented member of the City of Markham community, we invite you to submit your YouTube or Vimeo video audition to Star Search Markham no later than Friday, May 12, 2017.
Fill out the registration form to be entered in the competition. Your audition video will be reviewed by a panel of judges. Twelve finalists will be selected and contacted in late May, and invited to audition live in early June. Live auditions will be open to the public. The top three finalists and Star Search Markham winner will be announced publicly, following the audition.
If you have any questions, please contact email@example.com or 905.477.5530.
There are four categories to this competition:
- Vocal
- Dance
- Band
- Variety
Applicants will be judged by a panel of judges based on the following criteria:
Technical Ability | 20% |
Stage Presence/Showmanship | 20% |
Audience Appeal | 20% |
Quality of Performance | 40% |
Applicants must have submitted a YouTube or Vimeo video audition in order to be eligible for Star Search Markham. Decisions of the judges are final. No discussion shall be entered into by the applicants and the judges or City of Markham staff regarding contest decisions.
Important Dates
Twelve finalists will be selected and contacted in late May, and invited to audition live in early June. Live auditions will be open to the public. The top three finalists and Star Search Markham winner will be announced publicly, following the audition.
1st Place – The winner of Star Search Markham will receive a $1,500 cash prize a trophy and will perform on the Canada Day Main Stage on July 1, 2017.
2nd Place – The runner-up will receive an $800 cash prize and a trophy.
3rd Place – The second runner-up will receive a $500 cash prize and a trophy.
Complete the online Application Form. Application Forms must be received by the City of Markham no later than 11:59PM EST on Friday, May 12, 2017. Late applications will not be accepted
A YouTube or Vimeo link to your performance video must be included with your Application Form in order to qualify. Performance videos must have been recorded within the last twelve months. Only one performance is permitted per YouTube or Vimeo submission. When preparing your YouTube or Vimeo video, make sure to insert your name or your group's name in the title.
Applicants acknowledge that the City of Markham is not affiliated in any way with YouTube or Vimeo, and that the submission of a performance video via YouTube or Vimeo is the sole responsibility of the Applicant, including the ability of the City of Markham to access the submission. Applicants are responsible for compliance within YouTube's or Vimeo's Terms of Use (as applicable).
The judges will consist of a panel selected by the City of Markham. The judges will review all video performances and score them in accordance with the performance criteria.
- Make sure you have ample lighting so the video is as clear as possible.
- Ensure that audio levels are loud enough to be picked up clearly by your recording device.
- Use a good camera angle that best captures your personality and gives judges the full impact of your audition.
- Pick a spot for your camera that provides a full body view so you're not cutting off elements of your performance.
- Try capturing your audition in front of your own live audience so judges can get a feel of how you interact with the crowd. If this isn't possible, act like the camera is your audience.
- Pick a song or dance that best showcases your talent.Covers and original material welcome.


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Weekend Predictions: Will Holdovers Keep Control of the Box Office?
December 7th, 2012
For the third weekend in a row, holdovers are expected to dominated the box office. In fact, there are many analysts that think Playing For Keeps won't even reach the top five. That doesn't mean there won't be a race for top spot, as Skyfall, Lincoln, and The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn, Part 2 were within $100,000 of each other on Wednesday. Will Lincoln finally gets its place at the top? Or will Skyfall return to the clouds? Meanwhile, how will the overall box office compare to last year, which was led by the one-two punch of New Year's Eve and The Sitter. That was a pretty weak effort from 2011, so 2012 does have an opening for a victory, despite the lack of significant new releases.
I think Skyfall will reclaim top spot on the box office chart, but there are five films that could finish within $1 million of each other. It really is a coin toss weekend. I'm predicting Skyfall will win with just over $10 million, but I'm nowhere close to confident in that prediction.
Some thought Lincoln would win last weekend, but its week-to-week decline was surprisingly steep and it didn't even come close. This weekend there are again people who think it will win, but as of Wednesday, it was still behind Skyfall on the daily chart. Granted, that difference was only about 5% at $60,000 and I think the difference will be even smaller over the weekend. Look for second place with $10 million.
As the only major family film, Rise of the Guardians should have better than average hold in the top five, which should help it climb to third place with just over $9 million. It is still struggling compared to its production budget, but if it can stick around in theaters till Christmas, then it should break even sometime on the home market.
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn, Part 2 has already broken even, so falling from first to fourth with just under $9 million isn't an issue.
Life of Pi should round out the top five with $8 million. It was an expensive movie to make and it is disappointing so far, but its international numbers are brighter, so profitability is still likely.
The only wide release of the week is Playing for Keeps. At the beginning of the month I had low expectations. I thought it would be a sitcom quality romantic comedy with only marginal appeal. I was wrong about the first part. So far there are 40 reviews on Rotten Tomatoes and the film hasn't earned a single positive review. The two most common phrases I've seen are, "dull" and, "misogynistic". Perhaps it will be a positive surprise earning a spot in the top five with just over $8 million. However, it is just as likely it will miss the Mendoza Line. I'm going with sixth place and $6 million.
Filed under: Weekend Preview, Lincoln, Life of Pi, Rise of the Guardians, The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn, Part 2, Skyfall, Playing for Keeps


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Alfred Wegener
Alfred Wegener | |
Wegener, circa 1924—1930
Born | Berlin, German Empire |
1 November 1880
Died | November 1930 (aged 50) Clarinetania, Greenland |
Residence | Germany |
Citizenship | German |
Nationality | German |
Fields | Meteorology, Geology, Astronomy |
Alma mater | University of Berlin |
Doctoral advisor | Julius Bauschinger |
Known for | Continental drift theory |
Influenced | Johannes Letzmann |
Signature |
Alfred Lothar Wegener (1 November 1880 – November 1930) was a German polar researcher, geophysicist and meteorologist.
During his lifetime he was primarily known for his achievements in meteorology and as a pioneer of polar research, but today he is most remembered as the originator of the theory of continental drift by hypothesizing in 1912 that the continents are slowly drifting around the Earth (Kontinentalverschiebung). His hypothesis was controversial and not widely accepted until the 1950s, when numerous discoveries such as palaeomagnetism provided strong support for continental drift, and thereby a substantial basis for today's model of plate tectonics.[1][2] Wegener was involved in several expeditions to Greenland to study polar air circulation before the existence of the jet stream was accepted. Expedition participants made many meteorological observations and achieved the first-ever overwintering on the inland Greenland ice sheet as well as the first-ever boring of ice cores on a moving Arctic glacier.
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Early life and education
Alfred Wegener was born in Berlin on 1 November 1880 as the youngest of five children in a clergyman's family. His father, Richard Wegener, was a theologian and teacher of classical languages at the Berlinisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster. In 1886 his family purchased a former manor house near Rheinsberg, which they used as a vacation home. Today there is an Alfred Wegener Memorial site and tourist information office in a nearby building that was once the local schoolhouse.[3] He was cousin to movie pioneer Paul Wegener.
Wegener attended school at the Köllnisches Gymnasium on Wallstrasse in Berlin (a fact which is memorialized on a plaque on this protected building, now a school of music), graduating as the best in his class. Afterward he studied Physics, meteorology and Astronomy in Berlin, Heidelberg and Innsbruck. From 1902 to 1903 during his studies he was an assistant at the Urania astronomical observatory. He obtained a doctorate in astronomy in 1905 based on a dissertation written under the supervision of Julius Bauschinger at Friedrich Wilhelms University (today Humboldt University), Berlin. Wegener had always maintained a strong interest in the developing fields of meteorology and climatology and his studies afterwards focused on these disciplines.
In 1905 Wegener became an assistant at the Aeronautisches Observatorium Lindenberg near Beeskow. He worked there with his brother Kurt, two years his senior, who was likewise a scientist with an interest in meteorology and polar research. The two pioneered the use of weather balloons to track air masses. On a balloon ascent undertaken to carry out meteorological investigations and to test a celestial navigation method using a particular type of quadrant ("Libellenquadrant"), the Wegener brothers set a new record for a continuous balloon flight, remaining aloft 52.5 hours from April 5–7, 1906.[4]
First Greenland expedition and years in Marburg
In that same year 1906, Wegener participated in the first of his four Greenland expeditions, later regarding this experience as marking a decisive turning point in his life. The expedition was led by the Dane Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen and charged with studying the last unknown portion of the northeastern coast of Greenland. During the expedition Wegener constructed the first meteorological station in Greenland near Danmarkshavn, where he launched kites and tethered balloons to make meteorological measurements in an Arctic climatic zone. Here Wegener also made his first acquaintance with death in a wilderness of ice when the expedition leader and two of his colleagues died on an exploratory trip undertaken with sled dogs.
After his return in 1908 and until World War I, Wegener was a lecturer in meteorology, applied astronomy and cosmic physics at the University of Marburg. His students and colleagues in Marburg particularly valued his ability to clearly and understandably explain even complex topics and current research findings without sacrificing precision. His lectures formed the basis of what was to become a standard textbook in meteorology, first written In 1909/1910: Thermodynamik der Atmosphäre (Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere), in which he incorporated many of the results of the Greenland expedition.
On 6 January 1912 he publicized his first thoughts about continental drift in a lecture at a session of the Geologischen Vereinigung at the Senckenberg-Museum, Frankfurt am Main and in three articles in the journal Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen.[5]
Second Greenland expedition
After a stopover in Iceland to purchase and test ponies as pack animals, the expedition arrived in Danmarkshavn. Even before the trip to the inland ice began the expedition was almost annihilated by a calving glacier. The Danish expedition leader, Johan Peter Koch, broke his leg when he fell into a glacier crevasse and spent months recovering in a sickbed. Wegener and Koch were the first to winter on the inland ice in northeast Greenland.[6] Inside their hut they drilled to a depth of 25 m with an auger. In summer 1913 the team crossed the inland ice, the four expedition participants covering a distance twice as long as Fridtjof Nansen's southern Greenland crossing in 1888. Only a few kilometers from the western Greenland settlement of Kangersuatsiaq the small team ran out of food while struggling to find their way through difficult glacial breakup terrain. But at the last moment, after the last pony and dog had been eaten, they were picked up at a fjord by the clergyman of Upernavik, who just happened to be visiting a remote congregation at the time.
Later in 1913 after his return Wegener married Else Köppen, the daughter of his former teacher and mentor, the meteorologist Wladimir Köppen. The young pair lived in Marburg, where Wegner resumed his university lectureship.
World War I
As an infantry reserve officer Wegener was immediately called up when the First World War began in 1914. On the war front in Belgium he experienced fierce fighting but his term lasted only a few months: after being wounded twice he was declared unfit for active service and assigned to the army weather service. This activity required him to travel constantly between various weather stations in Germany, on the Balkans, on the Western Front and in the Baltic region.
Nevertheless, he was able in 1915 to complete the first version of his major work, Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane ("The Origin of Continents and Oceans"). His brother Kurt remarked that Alfred Wegener's motivation was to "reestablish the connection between geophysics on the one hand and geography and geology on the other, which had become completely ruptured because of the specialized development of these branches of science."
Interest in this small publication was however low, also because of wartime chaos. By the end of the war Wegener had published almost 20 additional meteorological and geophysical papers in which he repeatedly embarked for new scientific frontiers. In 1917 he undertook a scientific investigation of the Treysa meteorite.
Postwar period and third expedition
Wegener obtained a position as a meteorologist at the German Naval Observatory (Deutsche Seewarte) and moved to Hamburg with his wife and their two daughters. In 1921 he was appointed senior lecturer at the new University of Hamburg. From 1919 to 1923 Wegener did pioneering work on reconstructing the climate of past eras (now known as "paleoclimatology"), closely in collaboration with Milutin Milanković,[7] publishing Die Klimate der geologischen Vorzeit ("The Climates of the Geological Past") together with his father-in-law, Wladimir Köppen, in 1924.[8] In 1922 the third, fully revised edition of "The Origin of Continents and Oceans" appeared, and discussion began on his theory of continental drift, first in the German language area and later internationally. Withering criticism was the response of most experts.
In 1924 Wegener was appointed to a professorship in meteorology and geophysics in Graz, which finally provided him with a secure position for himself and his family. He concentrated on physics and the optics of the atmosphere as well as the study of tornados. Scientific assessment of his second Greenland expedition (ice measurements, atmospheric optics, etc.) continued to the end of the 1920s.
In November 1926 Wegener presented his continental drift theory at a symposium of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists in New York City, again earning rejection from everyone but the chairman. Three years later the fourth and final expanded edition of "The Origin of Continents and Oceans" appeared.
In 1929 Wegener embarked on his third trip to Greenland, which laid the groundwork for a later main expedition and included a test of an innovative, propeller-driven snowmobile.
Fourth and last expedition
Wegener's last Greenland expedition was in 1930. The 14 participants under his leadership were to establish three permanent stations from which the thickness of the Greenland ice sheet could be measured and year-round Arctic weather observations made. Wegener felt personally responsible for the expedition's success, as the German government had contributed $120,000 ($1.5 million in 2007 dollars). Success depended on enough provisions being transferred from West camp to Eismitte ("mid-ice") for two men to winter there, and this was a factor in the decision that led to his death. Owing to a late thaw, the expedition was six weeks behind schedule and, as summer ended, the men at Eismitte sent a message that they had insufficient fuel and so would return on 20 October.
On 24 September, although the route markers were by now largely buried under snow, Wegener set out with thirteen Greenlanders and his meteorologist Fritz Loewe to supply the camp by dog sled. During the journey, the temperature reached −60 °C (−76 °F) and Loewe's toes became so frostbitten they had to be amputated with a penknife without anesthetic. Twelve of the Greenlanders returned to West camp. On 19 October the remaining three members of the expedition reached Eismitte. There being only enough supplies for three at Eismitte, Wegener and Rasmus Villumsen took two dog sleds and made for West camp. They took no food for the dogs and killed them one by one to feed the rest until they could run only one sled. While Villumsen rode the sled, Wegener had to use skis, but they never reached the camp: Wegener died and Villumsen was never seen again. The expedition was completed by his brother, Kurt Wegener.
This expedition inspired the Greenland expedition episode of Adam Melfort in John Buchan's 1933 novel A Prince of the Captivity.
Wegener died in Clarinetania, Greenland, in November 1930. Villumsen had buried the body with great care, and a pair of skis marked the grave site. After burying Wegener, Villumsen had resumed his journey to West camp, but was never seen again. Six months later, on 12 May 1931, Wegener's body was found halfway between Eismitte and West camp. The team that found him reburied his body in the same spot and marked the grave with a large cross. Wegener had been 50 years of age and a heavy smoker, and it was believed that he had died of heart failure brought on by overexertion. Villumsen was 23 when he died, and it is estimated that his body, and Wegener's diary, now lie under more than 100 metres (330 ft) of accumulated ice and snow.[citation needed]
Continental drift theory
Alfred Wegener first thought of this idea by noticing that the different large landmasses of the Earth almost fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. The Continental shelf of the Americas fit closely to Africa and Europe, and Antarctica, Australia, India and Madagascar fitted next to the tip of Southern Africa. But Wegener only took action after reading a paper in 1911 and seeing that a flooded land-bridge contradicts isostasy.[9] Wegener's main interest was meteorology, and he wanted to join the Denmark-Greenland expedition scheduled for mid-1912. He presented his Continental Drift hypothesis on 6 January 1912. He analyzed both sides of the Atlantic Ocean for rock type, geological structures and fossils. He noticed that there was a significant similarity between matching sides of the continents, especially in fossil plants.
From 1912, Wegener publicly advocated the existence of "continental drift", arguing that all the continents were once joined together in a single landmass and had since drifted apart. He supposed that the mechanisms causing the drift might be the centrifugal force of the Earth's rotation ("Polflucht") or the astronomical precession. Wegener also speculated on sea-floor spreading and the role of the mid-ocean ridges, stating: the Mid-Atlantic Ridge ... zone in which the floor of the Atlantic, as it keeps spreading, is continuously tearing open and making space for fresh, relatively fluid and hot sima [rising] from depth.[10] However, he did not pursue these ideas in his later works.
In 1915, in The Origin of Continents and Oceans (Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane), Wegener drew together evidence from various fields to advance the theory that there had once been a giant continent which he named "Urkontinent"[11] (German for "primal continent", analogous to the Greek "Pangaea",[12] meaning "All-Lands" or "All-Earth"). Expanded editions during the 1920s presented further evidence. The last edition, just before his untimely death, revealed the significant observation that shallower oceans were geologically younger.
In his work, Wegener presented a large amount of observational evidence in support of continental drift, but the mechanism remained a problem, partly because Wegener's estimate of the velocity of continental motion, 250 cm/year, was too high.[13] (The currently accepted rate for the separation of the Americas from Europe and Africa is about 2.5 cm/year).[14]
While his ideas attracted a few early supporters such as Alexander Du Toit from South Africa, Arthur Holmes in England [15] and Milutin Milanković in Serbia for whom continental drift theory was the premise in investigating polar wandering,[16][17] the hypothesis was initially met with skepticism from geologists who viewed Wegener as an outsider, and were resistant to change.[15] The one American edition of Wegener's work, published in 1925, which was written in "a dogmatic style that often results from German translations",[15] was received so poorly that the American Association of Petroleum Geologists organized a symposium specifically in opposition to the continental drift hypothesis.[18] The opponents argued, as did the Leipziger geologist Franz Kossmat, that the oceanic crust was too firm for the continents to "simply plough through".
Wegener's fit of the supercontinent at the 200m isobath (the continental shelves), an idea he had since at least 1910, was a good match.[15] Part of the reason Wegener's ideas were not initially accepted was based on his proposed fit of the continents, with Charles Schuchert commenting:
During this vast time [of the split of Pangea] the sea waves have been continuously pounding against Africa and Brazil and in many places rivers have been bringing into the ocean great amounts of eroded material, yet everywhere the geographic shore lines are said to have remained practically unchanged! It apparently makes no difference to Wegener how hard or how soft are the rocks of these shore lines, what are their geological structures that might aid or retard land or marine erosion, how often the strand lines have been elevated or depressed, and how far peneplanation has gone on during each period of continental stability. Furthermore, sea-level in itself has not been constant, especially during the Pleistocene, when the lands were covered by millions of square miles of ice made from water subtracted out of the oceans. In the equatorial regions, this level fluctuated three times during the Pleistocene, and during each period of ice accumulation the sea-level sank about 250 feet.[citation needed]
The comment was based on the misapprehension that Wegener's fit was judged along the current coastline, while Wegener was using the 200m isobath. Wegener, who was in the audience, made no attempt to defend his work, (possibly because of an inadequate command of the English language). Supporters such as Toit, also contributed to this misunderstanding of the method of the continental fitting, commenting (after Wegener's death) "most persons view the continental shelf as an integral part of the continental block, and criticise Wegener for endeavoring to fit together the masses by their present coastlines instead of by the submerged margins of the shelves."[15]
In 1943 George Gaylord Simpson wrote a vehement attack on the theory (as well as the rival theory of sunken land bridges) and put forward his own permanentist views.[19] Alexander du Toit wrote a rejoinder in the following year.[20]
Modern developments
In the early 1950s, the new science of paleomagnetism pioneered at the University of Cambridge by S. K. Runcorn and at Imperial College by P.M.S. Blackett was soon producing data in favour of Wegener's theory. By early 1953 samples taken from India showed that the country had previously been in the Southern hemisphere as predicted by Wegener. By 1959, the theory had enough supporting data that minds were starting to change, particularly in the United Kingdom where, in 1964, the Royal Society held a symposium on the subject.[21]
Additionally, the 1960s saw several developments in geology, notably the discoveries of seafloor spreading and Wadati–Benioff zones, and this led to the rapid resurrection of the continental drift hypothesis and its direct descendant, the theory of plate tectonics. Maps of the geomorphology of the ocean floors created by Marie Tharp in cooperation with Bruce Heezen were an important contribution to the paradigm shift that was starting. Wegener was then recognized as the founding father of one of the major scientific revolutions of the 20th century.
With the advent of the Global Positioning System (GPS), it became possible to measure continental drift directly.[22]
Awards and honors
The Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in Bremerhaven, Germany, was established in 1980 on his centenary. It awards the Wegener Medal in his name.[23] The crater Wegener on the Moon and the crater Wegener on Mars, as well as the asteroid 29227 Wegener and the peninsula where he died in Greenland (Wegener Peninsula near Ummannaq, 71°12′N 51°50′W / 71.200°N 51.833°W), are named after him.[24]
The European Geosciences Union sponsors an Alfred Wegener Medal & Honorary Membership "for scientists who have achieved exceptional international standing in atmospheric, hydrological or ocean sciences, defined in their widest senses, for their merit and their scientific achievements."[25]
See also
- Hair ice – Wegener introduced a theory on the growth of hair ice in 1918.
- ^ Spaulding, Nancy E.; Namowitz, Samuel N. (2005). Earth Science. Boston: McDougal Littell. ISBN 0-618-11550-1.
- ^ McIntyre, Michael; Eilers, H. Peter; Mairs, John (1991). Physical geography. New York: Wiley. p. 273. ISBN 0-471-62017-3.
- ^ The memorial site is the Gedenkstätte Zechlinerhütte, see http://www.zechlinerhuette.com/de/tourismusinfo/wegener_gedenkstaette.php (in German)
- ^ Victor Silberer: Die Dauerfahrt von 52½ Stunden. In: Wiener Luftschiffer-Zeitung 5, Heft 8, 1906, S. 156–157
- ^ "Presse – AWI" (PDF).
- ^ Dansgaard W (2004). Frozen Annals Greenland Ice Sheet Research. Odder, Denmark: Narayana Press. p. 124. ISBN 87-990078-0-0.
- ^ introduction to the English edition, The Climates of the Geological Past, (2015), retrieved August 28, 2015
- ^ Köppen, W. & Wegener, A. (1924): Die Klimate der geologischen Vorzeit, Borntraeger Science Publishers. In English as The Climates of the Geological Past (2015).
- ^ Arldt, Th. (1910). "Referat Scharff: Ueber die Beweissgruende fuer eine fruehere Landbruecke zwischen Nordeuropa und Nordamerika". Naturwiss. Rdsch. (in German). 25: 86–87., Scharff, R. F. (1909). "Ueber die Beweissgruende fuer eine fruehere Landbruecke zwischen Nordeuropa und Nordamerika". Proc. Royal Irish Acad. (in German). 28: 1–28. cited in Flügel, Helmut W. (December 1980). "Wegener-Ampferer-Schwinner: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Geologie in Österreich" [Wegener-Ampferer-Schwinner: A Contribution to the History of the Geology in Austria] (PDF). Mitt. österr. Geol. Ges. (in German). 73.
- ^ Jacoby, W. R. (January 1981). "Modern concepts of earth dynamics anticipated by Alfred Wegener in 1912". Geology. 9: 25–27. Bibcode:1981Geo.....9...25J. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9<25:MCOEDA>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ according to the OED, 2d edition (1989), the word is not found in the 1915 edition of Wegener's text; it appears in the 1920 edition but with no indication that Wegener coined it
- ^ W.A.J.M. van Waterschoot van der Gracht, Bailey Willis, Rollin T. Chamberlin, John Joly, G.A.F. Molengraaff, J.W. Gregory, Alfred Wegener, Charles Schuchert, Chester R. Longwell, Frank Bursley Taylor, William Bowie, David White, Joseph T. Singewald, Jr., and Edward W. Berry (1928). W.A.J.M. van Waterschoot van der Gracht, ed. Theory of Continental Drift: a symposium on the origin and movement of land masses both intercontinental and intracontinental as proposed by Alfred Wegener, A Symposium of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG, 1926). Tulsa, OK. p. 240.
- ^ University of California Museum of Paleontology, Alfred Wegener (1880–1930) (accessed 30 April 2015).
- ^ Unavco Plate Motion Calculator (accessed 30 April 2015).
- ^ a b c d e Drake, Ellen T. (1 January 1976). "Alfred Wegener's reconstruction of Pangea". Geology. 4 (1): 41. Bibcode:1976Geo.....4...41D. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1976)4<41:AWROP>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Mathematische Klimalehre und astronomische Theorie der Klimaschwankungen. in W. Köppen & R. Geiger (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Klimatologie Bd. 1: Allgemeine Klimalehre. Borntraeger, Berlin, 1930
- ^ http://elibrary.matf.bg.ac.rs/bitstream/handle/123456789/3675/mm35F.pdf?sequence=1
- ^ H. Tristam Engelhardt Jr; Arthur L. Caplan, eds. (1987). Scientific Controversies: Case studies in the resolution and closure of disputes in science and technology. pp. 210–211.
- ^ Simpson, G.G. (1943). "Mammals and the Nature of Continents". American Journal of Science. 241: 1–31. doi:10.2475/ajs.241.1.1.
- ^ du Toit, A. (1944). "Tertiary Mammals and Continental Drift". American Journal of Science. 242 (3): 145–63. doi:10.2475/ajs.242.3.145.
- ^ Frankel, H. (1987). "The Continental Drift Debate". In H.T. Engelhardt Jr and A.L. Caplan. Scientific Controversies: Case Solutions in the resolution and closure of disputes in science and technology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-27560-6.
- ^ Brady Haran (4 June 2003). "The millimetre men". BBC News UK.
- ^ "2005 Annual report", page 259, Alfred Wegener Institute
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser".
- ^ "EGU: Awards & Medals". Retrieved 2009-09-16.
Selected works
- Wegener, Alfred (1911). Thermodynamik der Atmosphäre [Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere] (in German). Leipzig: Verlag Von Johann Ambrosius Barth. (German)
- Wegener, Alfred (1912). "Die Herausbildung der Grossformen der Erdrinde (Kontinente und Ozeane), auf geophysikalischer Grundlage". Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen (in German). 63: 185–195, 253–256, 305–309. Presented at the annual meeting of the German Geological Society, Frankfurt am Main (January 6, 1912).
- Wegener, Alfred (July 1912). "Die Entstehung der Kontinente". Geologische Rundschau (in German). 3 (4): 276–292. Bibcode:1912GeoRu...3..276W. doi:10.1007/BF02202896.
- Wegener, Alfred (1922). Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane [The Origin of Continents and Oceans] (in German). ISBN 3-443-01056-3. LCCN unk83068007.
- Wegener, Alfred (1929). Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane [The Origin of Continents and Oceans] (in German) (4 ed.). Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn Akt. Ges. ISBN 3-443-01056-3.
- English language edition: Wegener, Alfred (1966). The Origin of Continents and Oceans. New York: Dover. ISBN 0-486-61708-4. Translated from the fourth revised German edition by John Biram.; British edition: Methuen, London (1968).
- Köppen, W. & Wegener, A. (1924): Die Klimate der geologischen Vorzeit, Borntraeger Science Publishers. English language edition: The Climates of the Geological Past 2015.
- Wegener, Elsie; Loewe, Fritz, eds. (1939). Greenland Journey, The Story of Wegener's German Expedition to Greenland in 1930–31 as told by Members of the Expedition and the Leader's Diary. London: Blackie & Son Ltd. Translated from the seventh German edition by Winifred M. Deans.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alfred Wegener. |
- Works by Alfred Wegener at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Alfred Wegener at Internet Archive
- Works by Alfred Wegener at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- Wegener Institute website
- USGS biography of Wegener
- Wegener biography at Pangaea.org
- Alfred Wegener (1880–1930) – Biographical material
- Wegener's paper (1912) online and analyzed, BibNum (for English text go to "A télécharger")
- Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane – full digital facsimile at Linda Hall Library
- 1880 births
- 1930 deaths
- German geophysicists
- German geologists
- German meteorologists
- German climatologists
- Tectonicists
- German military personnel of World War I
- Scientists from Berlin
- People from the Province of Brandenburg
- Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
- University of Marburg faculty
- 20th-century German writers
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The Journal Record - June 27, 2013
Summertime at the workplace is usually marked by the arrival of eager students willing to work for free in exchange for valuable hands-on work experience and maybe future job references. The offer is enticing, but employers should think carefully. It could cost in the long run.
Here's why: Structure that position incorrectly, and that unpaid intern can claim she was really an employee who should have been paid at least minimum wage under the Fair Labor Standards Act, or FLSA, and was entitled to overtime. While the FLSA does not cover individuals who work without promise of expectation of compensation, but solely for their personal purpose or pleasure, it does provide protection to workers engaged in an employer-employee relationship. Determining whether a worker is an intern or actually an employee can be complex and depends on the economic realities.
True interns are not employees. The Department of Labor has said students involved in education or training programs are not employees if they are gaining practical work experience and are substantially supervised. Put even more clearly, interns are more likely not to be deemed employees where the purpose of the internship is not to perform productive work.
In situations where interns are not part of a properly supervised learning experience, the likelihood rises that they will be considered by the DOL to be an employee of the company. This will be especially true in cases where an intern is asked to perform the work of paid employees, whether to fill in gaps in the workforce or to prevent a regular employee from working overtime.
Essentially, a true internship is for the intern's benefit, and the intern understands he or she is not entitled to wages for the internship. Where the employer benefits more from the worker's labor, that intern is actually an employee entitled to compensation.
While the FLSA protects the worker, it also protects the public interest by preventing workers from being exploited. So before you think of asking your unpaid intern who is performing the work of an employee to waive his right to compensation, think again. The courts won't allow it.
The number of FLSA lawsuits has been increasing in recent years. Don't find yourself on the wrong side of one.
This article appeared in the June 27, 2013, issue of The Journal Record. It is reproduced with permission from the publisher. © The Journal Record Publishing Co.
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Youth Radio Project: Looking Back (A Year in Radio)
Why spend an entire summer writing audio commentaries and interviewing strangers? This is the question that Youth Radio Project members Shawn and Sterling asked themselves in this commentary about joining the Youth Radio Project.
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East Coast Music Awards, Cunard Event Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia AP Photo / The Canadian Press, Devaan Ingraham
March 10, 2013 |
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GNU Diffutils
A group of utilities that displays difference between and among text files. 'diff' outputs the difference between two files in any of several formats. If the files are identical, it normally produces no ouput; if they are binary (non-text) it normally reports only that they are different. 'cmp' shows the offsets and files numbers where two files differ; it can also show, side by side, all the characters that differ between the two files. 'sdiff' merges two files interactively. 'diff3' shows differences among three files. If two people have made independent changes to a common original, diff3 reports that difference between the original and the two changed versions, and can produce a merged file that contains both persons' changes along with warnings about conflicts.
User manual available in HTML format from https://www.gnu.org/s/diffutils/manual/ Printed user manual available from http://www.network-theory.co.uk/diff/manual/
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The Dubai Police have signed a contract with Al Nabooda contracting company on Wednesday to construct the new building of the General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology.
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LC-A+ camera workshop at the Lomography Gallery Store LA!
2011-03-23 5 Share TweetCome find out about the camera that started a revolution when the Lomography Gallery Store LA employee Cameron Rad presents the LC-A+ Workshop!
Cost of $10 (students $7) includes instructional lecture, loaner LC-A+ camera, and one free roll of film. Bring your own LC-A+ for 50% off admission! All attendees will receive a 10% off coupon to use at the Lomography Gallery Store.
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The Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) has geared itself for the fifth orbit raising operation of the Mangalyaan at 2:27 am on Saturday, the final one in a series of earth-bound manoeuvres before being finally ejected out of the earth's sphere of influence on December 1.
The apogee(farthest point from earth) after the fifth firing will be increased from 1,18,600 km to 1,92,874 km. The velocity will be increased to 101m/sec.
This will be the final earth bound manoeuvre before the crucial Trans-Mars injection on December 1 for the spacecraft to move out of the sphere of influence of earth towards Mars.
There was a glitch in the fourth orbit raising operation following which a supplementary operation had to be done to raise the apogee.
During the orbit-raising operations conducted since November 7, Isro has been testing and exercising the autonomy functions progressively that are essential for Trans-Mars Injection (TMI) and Mars Orbit Insertion. The spacecraft has to take several rounds around earth to gradually increase its velocity to attain escape velocity with minimum fuel consumption.


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The Horse Forum
- Endurance Riding
- - Barefoot vs. Shoes
Barefoot vs. Shoes As most of you all know, I'm pro-barefoot and prefer to use hoof boots when it comes to protection fora variety of reasons. However, I know there are a lot of opinions out there. I started this thread to hear them :) I did find this wonderful gem of an explanation (on Facebook) for one of the reasons I find barefoot to be healthier than boots. Thought I'd kick this off by sharing: Quote:
I tried to have my mare barefoot for 18months, she would be lame even in her stall for 3weeks out of a month. I kept being told it would get better. I was finally tired of her being in pain had the vet out to be Xrayed the vet told me if I didn't want her in pain put shoes on her because barefoot wasn't going to work. The mare had early signs of navicular. 2days later the farrier came out put shoes on all 4(alluminum eventer shoes). My girl hasn't taken a lame step since it's been almost 2yrs. That being said it broke my heart to take the vets advice, I agonized over it but I had to get her out of pain. Not saying that with another horse I wouldn't try barefoot I wouldn't wait 18months to go back to shoes if horse was in pain longer then a reasonable transition time. |
I understand the practical applications of shoes, as well as the fact that horses can need corrective shoeing for a number of reasons, but I say if it ain't broke, don't fix it. |
Reminds me of the helmet no helmet threads. Pretty much comes down to the horse, the terrain, the distance, speed, gait, and personal choice. I use boots as a spare tire, but my horses are steel shod. Riding with boots doesnt work fo rme. |
I've never used the boots, but my I've had my 13 year old Arab for 10 months now and have always kept him barefoot without a hitch. In fact, his previous owners had him for 4 years and they kept him barefoot the whole time, too. I mainly ride in an arena, though; I used to do hunter/jumpers with him but have switched to dressage. My mom bought a couple 6-year old Tennessee Walkers a couple years ago that had shoes; she had both of them get their shoes pulled and they've been barefoot ever since with no problems. |
My girl is shod on the front. Before I started shoeing her I did a lot of research into boots and really wanted to try some. But, the more reading I did, the more I realized that none of them would fit her, likely. He feet are just a weird shape and the shoes can be molded to fit them, while boots can't. |
My mare has never set foot in an arena. We ride places like this: http://www.bookwyrm.org/phantom/pics...ail_rocks4.jpg http://www.bookwyrm.org/phantom/pics...rail_rocks.jpg Dream is steel shod all the way around. |
There are so many factors that can make 'barefoot' a powerhouse of success and equally as many that can make it a rocket of disaster. I even put barefoot in an ambiguous formation here, because nailing down exactly what it is can be so difficult when working with uninformed people, especially the professionals who simply won't be told how to do their job. I am very fortunate to have found a farrier who will work with me to achieve what's best for my horses. I trimmed ours myself for two years until I found her and I'll never let her go! In my somewhat experienced opinion, more horses than not could very successfully thrive with proper batefoot trimming, as long as a condusive living environment is provided. I find more and more people allow their over-thinking, micro-managing busy brains sabatoge even their most honest efforts. I say all this with all riding terrian in my mind's eye (and we do ride it all). Some breeds, like the Arab, Mustang and the Fjord, naturally are better about it, but even my butter-footed QH mare and mealy-footed APHA gelding both toughened up within a year of conditioning and NO transitional pain. That's doing it properly. No shared lineage between the two, but a shared living and riding environment, definitely. Oh, and I never stopped riding either a day during their reconditioning. Both did wear hoof boots for the first year during regular riding, which later changed to harsh terrain rides only. Posted via Mobile Device |
Depends on your horse, their hoof, if you can even find a boot that really fits, and what kind of terrain you have access to condition on. For some, shoes are the best option, but for others, boots work wonderfully for competition and training. There are some rides that you would be remiss not to offer your horse some protection (Virginia Highlands comes to mind!). |
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So yes, I reached the goal of $2,350 on the nose.
But meeting some arbitrary goal is not what's important here.
No, what's important is that my coworker Natalie is beating me like a red-headed stepchild* in terms of fundraising. And, sorry, but this cannot stand. So you all need to break out your wallets, email your friends, scrounge through your car seats and couch cushions and come up with — wait, let me check her page — $717. THAT's what's important!
Wait! What? No. That's not what's important. Of course not. The money we raise via TNT funds important work done by the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society.
I know that might seem vague. Perhaps you visualize the money just being scraped into a big pile and spent on purple shirts and running coaches and perhaps some flowers and toys for sick children and adults. No. LLS doesn't fuck around. The money is used to BEAT cancer. Literally. Consider these specifics:
"Since its founding in 1949, LLS has invested more than $814 million in blood cancer research. We fund more blood cancer research than all other voluntary health agencies.
An LLS-funded researcher developed Gleevec, a pill for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML). Now, more than 95 percent of newly diagnosed CML patients survive more than five years with a good quality of life. LLS was also instrumental in the development of Velcade, a targeted treatment approved for patients with multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma."
And that's because of people like you donating to the cause. So, if you've given, pat yourselves on the back. You deserve it.
If you haven't, go sit in the corner and think about what you haven't done. Then donate! If you like me, donate to my page. If I've offended you and you really want to get back at me, then donate to Natalie's page. That'll show me! Or donate to Maureen, who just signed up. Or Elisabeth, whose been busting her ass at practices and sometimes runs with a stroller full of babies (okay, two babies, but you push two babies in a stroller while running and tell me it's not FULL of babies). Or even my boss, Ad Age Editor Abbey Klaassen — and if you attach a note to your donation suggesting I need a raise, I'm not going to hold that against you.
But don't donate to Shareen! I'm still ahead of her in fundraising and I'd like to keep it that way. I can live with second place, but third would just kill me. Okay. Fine. You can donate to Shareen. Or you can donate to the Crain Communications team page and spread the love around.
And thanks again!
*As always, no offense to red-heads, stepchildren or red-headed stepchildren.


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Site Map
Welcome to the NexStar Resource Site - THE Internet Resource for All Models of NexStar, CPC, LCM, CGE, CGE Pro, CGEM and AS-GT Telescopes!
Email this site to a friend!
Thinking of getting someone (or yourself) into astronomy? A NexStar SE or SLT scope and The NexStar User's Guide are the perfect solution. You get a great beginner's scope and a book, coupled with this site, that will help you learn both the scope and amateur astronomy.
The NexStar, CPC, LCM, CGE, CGE Pro, CGEM and AS-GT telescopes are computerized "GoTo" scopes from Celestron. Most of the models feature a computer hand control as standard equipment allowing the scope to automatically "GoTo" objects in its generous database. They track objects automatically as well. Basic information about these scopes is available at the Celestron web site, but this site is a collection of information not found anywhere else. Two other great source of information are the many Celestron-related Yahoo Groups and Cloudy Night's forums, (see Links above). The folks on these groups are quite friendly and don't mind questions from someone trying to make up their mind about a purchase or just looking for information about their telescope.
Clear Skies! Mike Swanson firstname.lastname@example.com
Click Jupiter to see my modest attempts at astrophotography:
This web site recognized by Griffith Observatory as the recipient of their Star Award for the week of 25 Apr - 1 May 2004. Star Awards recognize "excellence in web sites that promote public awareness of astronomy...making the sky more accessible."
NOTE: Some ad blockers can be configured so aggressively that they prevent legitimate pop-up windows like those used at this site. If you have problems accessing pages, try reducing the settings on your ad blocker or temporarily disabling it.
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Check out reviews left by other students or leave your own review. You could win a free scholarship.
Add your Review-
Chandler - Leesburg, GA
02/23/2016Reviewer is Researching this school. Reviewer has not been to campus.
1 out of 1 people found this review useful. 1 of 14
Categories Comments In three sentences I visited UM and was very impressed with the atmosphere. Everyone was kind and friendly. I love the fact that it is small so it feels like home.
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Kali from Moss Point, MS
02/20/2014Reviewer is A current student here.
2 of 14
Categories Comments What to do for fun The University of Mobile always has something to do. Whether its a sporting event or our intramural to random events that go on, there is always something to go to do have an awesome time.
Food and Dining The caf here is not so great, however, we have a deli that is very good as well as a new grill that is pretty awesome. Along with the grill and deli, there is a coffee shop that makes the best coffee around.
Dorm Life Dorm life is pretty awesome. We have all kinds of dorm events that you can be involved in, and for the most part, people are pretty respectful and stay quiet late at night.
Academic Rigor The classes are very challenging, but they aren't so demanding that you're constantly stressed out and can't learn. They challenge you without overwhelming you.
Tips for prospective students For any students looking to come to the University of Mobile, just come. Get plugged in a student life group. It's an awesome college and you will love it.
In three sentences This University has very strong roots in Christianity, and encourages the students to follow Christ. They have a very strong and intelligent teaching staff that actually cares about the students and their success. Along with a great teaching staff, I feel like I will have a very well developed intelligence in my field of study.
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01/30/2014Reviewer is A current student here.
3 of 14
Categories Comments Campus Safety One thing that I absolutely love is the campus security. There is one way on and one way off campus. Everyone has to go through the security gate, and there is security patrolling 24/7
What to do for fun On campus, there are intramural games, trails, and a pool.
Food and Dining Food. There is never a shortage of food; whether you are up for an all you can eat buffet at breakfast, lunch, and supper; maybe a latte, sub, or something from the grille, the choices are endless. If that doesn't suit your fancy there are plenty of off campus restaurants as well.
Dorm Life The dorm life here is terrific. The RA's get together and usually the dorms will have dorm parties. There isn't sorority's and frat houses though so we have what we call Campus Life and there is always something to do.
Academic Rigor When applying to colleges I really looked for a school that could challenge me at academics and I found that at University of Mobile.
Tips for prospective students Never let others tell you that you can't do something. If you put your mind to it, you can do anything you want to.
In three sentences UMobile is such a wonderful school. It's nice to be able to go to a college and see that mostly everyone is nice. Almost everyday I see a group of students standing in the stairwells, hallways, and even on the sidewalks just praying and praising the Lord.
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Cara from Mobile, AL
10/25/2013Reviewer is A current student here.
1 out of 1 people found this review useful. 4 of 14
Categories Comments What to do for fun At University of Mobile there is never a dull moment. Campus Life plans for events that appeal to everyone from the social butterfly to the wall flower. There are dances, athletic events, formals, and even outdoor movies. Since University of Mobile is on the coast, the beach is close by, which is always a plus.
Food and Dining Let's be honest here. The cafeteria is an interesting place. There are days when the food is really good and there are days when it is really bad. However, the more important thing about the caf is sitting down, people watching, and laughing with your best friends.
Dorm Life If you have the opportunity to live on campus, do it. University of Mobile seems to have an open door policy when it comes to dorm life. Everyone knows everyone and cares about each other. Whether its cooking together, crying together, or just living life together, your dorm mates have your back.
Academic Rigor At University of Mobile, one will have to take the time to study. However, classes are small enough to where the professors know his or her students and genuinely care about their well being.
Tips for prospective students My biggest tip for prospective students is to go all in. University of Mobile is small enough that you have the opportunity to know everyone and do everything. With all of the activities that a student has the chance to participate in, you will have a home away from home in no time.
In three sentences The University of Mobile is like coming home. With arms wide open, not only will professors look out for you, but every other staff member as well. It is comforting knowing that no matter what time of day, someone is there to be on your side.
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Aaron from Saraland, AL
08/31/2013Reviewer is A current student here.
5 of 14
Categories Comments What to do for fun Many things are offered at the campus such as intramurals, spike ball, soccer, tennis, and baseball.
Food and Dining There are three locations for food and dining. The cafeteria, Java city, and the ram deli, all of which are great tasting.
Dorm Life The dorm life is great. Each dorm has a media room and a game room with ping pong tables and such. The dorms are very clean and frequently have different activities going on.
Academic Rigor Depending on your major, the academic rigor can be different. Another factor that takes place is how well you are at managing time and studying for different academic opportunities.
Tips for prospective students Go to the college early for a visit day, as you should do with any college. Make sure you know that is the place you are supposed to be before you settle on an option.
In three sentences The University of Mobile is a great college if you want to have many opportunities to be actively involved in some way. The students and professors are very friendly and are willing to help with anything. The University of Mobile is an outstanding college in my eyes.
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05/17/2013Reviewer is Accepted here and planning to attend soon. Reviewer has been to campus.
6 of 14
Categories Comments What to do for fun You can join many clubs, have friends to hang out with, and do many activities.
Food and Dining They have a great variety of foods and cooks.
Dorm Life The dorm is very cool and everyone can get along.
Academic Rigor They allow everyone to perform at the best of their abilities! They have a great line of educators.
Tips for prospective students All students should not be afraid to be open and make new friends. Everyone is friendly and they allow you to further education and never be afraid to ask questions.
In three sentences University of Mobile is a nice school because they allow students to be open with their religion. They have a great campus with great educators. I love their dorm rooms and all that they offer.
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Emily from Daphne, AL
01/23/2013Reviewer is A current student here.
7 of 14
Categories Comments Campus Safety The campus is very safe. There is always a guard at the gate who checks the cars coming in. All guest have to sign in at the gate. There is security that drives around campus all day and all night. There is also one or two security guards that walk around campus checking the doors to make sure they are locked and for other safety reasons.
Clubs and Activities There are clubs that you can join and activities that you can participate in. There are science clubs, a psychology club, and other programs that you can join in. There are also plenty of activities such as college church gatherings and intramurals (one for just about every sport and some you have never heard of). There is also Up All Nights for around finals, and a weight room and fitness area. There are many things that can keep you busy when not in class or studying!
Great for these types of students University of Mobile is great for students of all types. Especially students who are willing to apply themselves in class and want to do good.
Share any unusual traditions or locations on campus Many people do not know about the creek on campus. There are two trails to get to it and usually not very many people go down there. It's a nice place if you want to go hangout or layout without a lot of people around. The water is usually cold but you can swim in it.
Bang for the buck The school is expensive to attend because it is a private school but it is worth it. You will get the academics needed for your major and can pretty much always find something to do around campus. It is also nice to have teachers that care about you education.
What to do for fun There is always something fun to do around campus. There are athletics, intramural sports, dances, plays, Truspin, which is a college church gathering in Ram Hall, an outdoor pool, sand volleyball courts, trails, and a creek. Off campus, the University of Mobile is not far away from the Bay Bears baseball stadium, multiple movie theaters, many restaurants, and many churches to choose from.
Food and Dining There are a few dining options on campus and many off campus. On campus there is Java City, the cafeteria, and the Ram Deli. These places is where a student can use their meal plan or their flex dollars, which is just extra money from the dining plan. There are three meal options you can choose from if you would like more flex dollars or less. Mobile is also trying to make new student cards that can be used at a couple food places off campus such as Foosackley and Subway.
Dorm Life The dorm life is however you want to make it. There are a few different housing options you can choose from, but no matter where you stay you will have a R.A. The R.A. for your hall will help you if you need something and plans an activity for everyone on your hall. It can be anything from a cookout to a movie night or any other ideas the hall can come up with. There is a lot of fun to be had in the dorms; such as, a kitchen, media room, and Mac lab. If you need somewhere quiet to study the dorm is a place for that too along with a coffee shop and commons area elsewhere on campus.
Academic Rigor Academics at Mobile depend on the class and the professor. There are many professor that make their classes enjoyable and keep it simple with only some readings and a couple papers. There are other classes that are more difficult and the professors are tougher, but at the end of the class you will know your stuff if you do your part and pay attention. Most of the teachers do highly recommend attendance and some grade on attendance.
Tips for prospective students Some tips for prospective students would be, first of all, do not be stressed out or nervous about coming to the University of Mobile. The school is small and everyone is friendly and willing to help. Secondly, incoming freshmen should participate in RamRush. RamRush is a week long event meant for students to interact with other students and meet some of the faculty that will help them throughout college. Last but not least, study and enjoy the classes that you will be taking.
In three sentences The University of Mobile is an awesome school for performing arts majors, theology majors, biology majors, and many more. The campus is beautiful and there are many activities to do such as: athletics, intramural sports, performances, dances and other social activities. The teachers care about their students education and will help in any way they can.
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Dominique from Foley, AL
12/21/2012Reviewer is A current student here.
8 of 14
Categories Comments Great for these types of students I am in the CPA department and I love it.
Share any unusual traditions or locations on campus They normally have ram rush every year during the fall semester to get the new students use to campus life.
What to do for fun They have a lot to do during down time. They have different sports to play during the fall and spring such as football and etc.
Tips for prospective students Make sure this is where you want to be because this school is not for everyone.
In three sentences I love the Unversity of Mobile! I just wish they had a much more broader scholarship range for Baptist students as well as Southern Baptist.
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Katelyn from Ocala, FL
06/15/2012Reviewer is A current student here.
9 of 14
Categories Comments Campus Safety The campus is very safe. It is somewhat away from town and has a guard house at the entrance to check if people are allowed in. In addition, there are gates and security guards that drive around and lock up at night.
What to do for fun The school has many activites throughout the year such as glow in the dark volleyball, intramural sports, spring formal, concerts, etc. There is also a beach 45 minutes away and downtown Mobile nearby.
Food and Dining The food is good. We have very nice workers that make us meals. We even have a pastry chef for desserts. There is a big variety of different things to choose from. Although the food is good, you may get tired of it sometimes.
Dorm Life Dorm life is awesome. There is no curfew, the facillities are nice, and it is very welcoming. Just by living on campus you get to know lots of people who are nearby. You can visit friends whenever you want. You can visit the opposite gender in their dorms at certain times.
Academic Rigor All teachers are willing to help you learn and want you to succeed. Some classes are harder than others, but will provide a good education.
Tips for prospective students Be sure to attend a visit day and stay overnight in the dorm to get a feel for the college life.
In three sentences It is an amazing, small Christian school with lots to do throughout the year. It has a great atmosphere and something for everyone. There are missions to keep you connected to God, activites, good food, and some great people.
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Angela from Grand Bay, AL
05/12/2012Reviewer is A current student here.
1 out of 1 people found this review useful. 10 of 14
Categories Comments Campus Safety Campus safety is of the utmost, you sign in at the front gate if you don't have a student decal.
Greek Life not a part of greek life
Clubs and Activities the music department is awsome
Great for these types of students any kind of student would fit in here.
Share any unusual traditions or locations on campus Winter day in the south--they make snow and have a good time
Bang for the buck This school is good stewards with their money and it shows in the calibur of students that it produces every year.
What to do for fun fishing, camping, shopping, concerts, theatre, casino, beaches just about anything you want to do is within reach of this college.
Food and Dining The food is good but nobody is gonna cook like ma.
Dorm Life Sorry never experienced dorm life.
Academic Rigor You will be challenged both spiritually and academically.
Tips for prospective students Make the trip you will be impressed and will never want to leave.
In three sentences This is the best college I have ever attended. They make you feel like you are their only priority. If you have never experienced Southern Hospitality you will when you get here.
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Rikysha from Saraland, AL
05/01/2012Reviewer is Researching this school. Reviewer has been to campus.
1 out of 1 people found this review useful. 11 of 14
Categories Comments Campus Safety We had a tough time just getting through the gate so its securtiy is top notch.
Food and Dining It is right off the interstate and thus far there are krystals, mcodonalds, foosaklys, etc
Academic Rigor They accept students with outstanding academic records.
Tips for prospective students Check it out and see if it is something you may be interested in.
In three sentences Awesome campus first off. My mom and I are looking into this school , and I am really considering it. Its right down the road so its location is ideal.
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Tabitha from Mobile, AL
01/20/2012Reviewer is A current student here.
1 out of 1 people found this review useful. 12 of 14
Categories Comments Campus Safety we have a security guard on foot at night. during the day and night we have a security guard that drives around campus. at the front gate we have a security guard as well. you always feel safe on campus no matter what time of day it is.
Greek Life no greek life at um.
Clubs and Activities there are tons of activities! no opportunity to be bored!
Great for these types of students students who love the lord and are willing to learn!
Bang for the buck this school is highly expensive but it is totally worth it. if you truly want to learn this is a great atmosphere to do that in.
What to do for fun there are many intramural sports and there are always events going on to get involved!
Food and Dining the caf has many options. not my favorite place to eat though.
Dorm Life dorm life is awesome! the people you live with are awesome and it is like having a family away from home!
Tips for prospective students come prepared to learn and grow in your relationship with god.
In three sentences um has a very friendly atmosphere. the school is small so everyone knows everyone. classes are small so teachers know students by name unlike most colleges.
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Rebecca from Pleasant Grove, AL
11/16/2011Reviewer is A current student here.
1 out of 1 people found this review useful. 13 of 14
Categories Comments Am enjoying being here I do enjoy being here on campus at the University of Mobile. Campus life does a great job of putting on events, and keeping everyone involved. No matter if you are a freshman, they have a place for you! I have been to almost every event and have had an amazing time!
Am learning a lot They faculty, staff, and student body is a warm welcoming group of individuals. When I stepped foot on campus, I immediately felt like I was apart of the Ram family. This has been my first semester in college, and so far I have had a great experience. The classes are small, but that is what makes it so unique here at the University of Mobile. I am able to ask my professors anything, and able to form study groups within my classes. If you need any help, there is always a willing hand to offer some sort of help. The classes are top notch in offering you the best education possible, as well as graduating on time and seeking the best for you as a student.
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Cody from Dadeville, AL
05/16/2011Reviewer is Accepted here and planning to attend soon. Reviewer has been to campus.
2 out of 2 people found this review useful. 14 of 14
Categories Comments Tips for prospective students Make sure that you make an impression. Not just here, but at every college. It's amazing what colleges will do when they think you're worth it.
Bang for the buck When I first walked in, all they had from me was a name and a test score. working from there, the financial aid was immediately able to find $20,000 a year in scholarships. Don't let the sticker price fool you.
Will enjoy being here The staff and students here are very friendly. Plus, it's only a few minutes from the beach.
Will learn a lot The Classrooms here are top-notch. the class sizes are small (typically under 20 per class) so your teacher will know you by name and you will know your teacher. Trust me, this will help your GPA tremendously.
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Who Says Safety Isn't Sexy?
Despite all the scary news about Ford Explorers (F) with exploding tires, cars are definitely safer than they used to be. You can find air bags, antilock brakes, and side collision rails inside most late-model cars. And you can be pretty sure that each new model year will bring further safety improvements. Next year's offerings, for example, due out this fall, will have an emergency escape latch with a fluorescent handle inside the trunk, mostly so kids don't lock themselves in by mistake. By 2004, the government will require that tires automatically display an alert on the dashboard if they are under- or over-inflated.
But all those whiz-bang new features won't help the cars already on the road. So for those of us who don't buy a new automobile every year, I've rounded up a few simple fixes that can keep you and your family a little safer.
Take the emergency trunk release. You can get one installed for $50 at any General Motors (GM) dealership if you own a GM car going back as far as the 1990 models (table). And that release is actually better than what most carmakers plan to use in their new cars. GM researchers found that small children wouldn't touch a fluorescent handle for fear it was hot, so its version is painted yellow and lit with a soft light on the trunk wall behind it. As part of the deal, it also modifies the main latch: It must be manually reset each time you close the trunk, which will prevent young kids from locking themselves in to begin with.
Tire-pressure monitors are a more expensive proposition. They will run you about $300 installed, although many tire dealers offer free installation, a $50 to $100 savings, if you buy them with a new set of tires. The monitors use battery-operated pressure sensors and radio transmitters that ride inside each tire and continuously send signals to the passenger cabin. All but the simplest models display the air pressure in each tire, and all of them will sound an alert should the pressure in any tire drop. The payoff, besides safety: You'll get better gas mileage and increased tire life with properly inflated tires.
KEEPING TRACK. SmarTire (www.smartire.com) makes air-pressure monitors that mount on the dash or plug into the cigarette lighter. Johnson Controls (www.johnsoncontrols.com) is testing a similar system with the tire pressure displayed on a special rearview mirror that replaces the one in your car now. It's $249, plus $50 for installation at Detroit-area Goodyear (GT) dealers now and will be more widely available this summer. If an electronic monitor is too expensive, pick up a set of tire valve caps with red or green indicators that let you check tire pressure at a glance by simply walking around the car. They're $20 to $40 for a set of four at auto-parts stores, or look for Folia Tec's Aircontrols at www.jcwhitney.com or Tire Minders at www.garage-toys.com.
Backup warning systems are another good bet, given that a quarter of all accidents occur when the car is in reverse. If you've ever backed into a pole, you know that fixing a bumper can be expensive--about $500, or just enough to eat up the deductible on your insurance policy. Simple systems help prevent you from backing into a wall or car while parking. The more sophisticated ones are sensitive enough to keep you from running over a tricycle or child as well.
Installed on the rear of the car, they send out a signal that reflects back if it hits an object. That triggers a speaker, which emits a series of beeps that get more insistent as you approach the obstruction. Some use a light mounted on the rear window that changes from green to yellow to red, just like a traffic signal, the closer you get. The simplest one, with a beeper only, is made by American Technologies Network (www.atncorp.com). Called AutoPark 2000, it attaches to your license plate frame and sells for about $50 at auto-parts stores and alarm system dealers, or $46 online at www.kwmuth.com. Another one, Sonar Vision, costs $69 and includes the warning lights.
EYES IN BACK. A top-of-the-line backup system is Donnelly's VideoMirror system (www.donnelly.com). It's a flip-down video screen mounted underneath the rearview mirror that shows what's behind you, captured by a tiny camera on the rear of the car. It will set you back $500, and professional installation can run $150 more. Donnelly also offers you a $150 option of adding an in-car camera to monitor kids in the back seat, especially important for infants under 12 months or 20 pounds who are required to sit in a rear-facing car seat. While you're at it, pick up a backup beeper to warn people outside that the car's in reverse. DesignTech (www.designtech-intl.com) makes a combination beeper and backup bulb for $25.
Besides decking out your car with safety features, you can match almost anything luxury carmakers offer--and add options they haven't thought of yet. Rain Tracker ($209 at www.raintracker.com) starts your wipers when it senses raindrops, and speeds them up when that 18-wheeler passes you, flooding your windshield. Need a leg up getting into that behemoth of a sport-utility vehicle? A $200 SideWinder (www.kodiakproducts.com) electric step will swing down and out when you open the door. Or how about a heated back massager, less than $100 from Obus Forme (www.obusforme.com)?
Oh, those are just gadgets, you say? Go ahead, splurge. They may not be as important as outfitting your car with gear that makes it safer. But if you've decided that a visit to your local auto-parts store is now in order, treat yourself to the creature comforts as well.


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2 Broadway
Paterson, NJ - 7505
(973) 742-8005
PROVIDE ASSISTANCE TO HOMELESS AND DEVELOP AFFORDABLE. The Paterson Coalition for Housing believes in Community revitalization that takes a myriad of economic development components that will make the City and it's people healthy and self-sufficient. Everything the Coalition does or creates is for the children. We are dedicated to helping those who live in conditions or circumstances that no adult, let alone these innocents, should have to endure. We feel that the future is in our hands.
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Featuring the wide noseband style popular in hunter and equitation rings, the Dy'on Wide Nose Hunter Bridle has all the attention to detail and fine workmanship for which Dy'on is known. Horse comfort is ensured with Dy'on's signature anatomic single crown and padding on the fancy-stitched brow and noseband. Made of premium English leather, this hunter bridle has stainless steel hardware and hook stud closures. Fancy-stitched reins are sold separately.
Premier product - this product is not eligible for any discounts off the purchase price.
Dover Saddlery is proud to offer a 100% satisfaction guarantee on all of our products. We stand behind the quality of our products, and should you not be satisfied with your purchase, simply return it and we will refund, replace or exchange it for you.
100% Satisfaction Guaranteed - Your Money Back Any Time, for Any Reason.
Dover Saddlery understands your concerns regarding online security. We share in your concerns and therefore work hard with experts in the field to maintain a highly secure ordering environment. Along with our comment to security, we offer you a Secure Order Guarantee - this gives you 100% protection for your credit card transactions on Doversaddlery.com.
Our Secure Order Guarantee means that you will never have to pay any money related to unauthorized charges to your credit card account, as long as those charges are a direct result from a transaction on Doversaddlery.com.
How it works: If you experience credit card fraud, the Fair Credit Act specifies that your credit card company can hold you liable for no more than $50.00 in fraudulent charges to your account. Our Secure Order Guarantee will reimburse you for any amount up to $50.00 billed to you by your credit card company for unauthorized charges to your account, if those charges result from an order you placed with Doversaddlery.com. For this protection you must promptly notify your credit card company of fraudulent charges and follow their procedures as outlined in your credit card agreement.
Show us your equestrian style. #itsfromdover