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Protecting a business, property or personal wealth is an important consideration for many people. At Anker, Reed, Hymes, Schreiber and Cohen, A Law Corporation, we pride ourselves on being a different kind of law firm – one that measures success by its value to clients. Since 1974, our firm has provided business law, real estate, estate planning and litigation services to individuals, families and businesses throughout Southern California.
Drawbacks to Incorporating
Before an entertainer decides to incorporate, he/she must first evaluate the application of Internal Revenue Code Section 269A. This section can be debilitating to the tax benefits of incorporating. Section 269A addresses the PSC and the services performed by it.
§ 269A(a): "If (1) substantially all of the services of the personal service corporation are performed for (or on behalf of) 1(sic) other corporation, partnership or other entity, and (2) the principal purpose for forming, or availing of, or such personal service corporation is the avoidance or evasion of Federal income tax by reducing the income of, or securing the benefit of any expense, deduction, credit, exclusion, or other allowance for, any employee-owner which would not otherwise be available, then the Secretary may allocate all income, deductions, credits, exclusions, and other allowances between such personal service corporation and its employee-owners, if such allocation is necessary to prevent avoidance or evasion of Federal income tax or clearly to reflect the income of the personal service corporation or any of its employee-owners."
These words empower the government to disregard all of the tax planning done by the employee. If the government feels that "substantially all" of the income of the employee is from one source, the tax benefits afforded the loan-out corporation can be set aside. This issue was addressed by the United States Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit in Sargent v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue. The case involved a hockey player who incorporated in order to place money in a pension plan for himself.
As discussed above, § 401 of the Internal Revenue Code allows for the corporate retirement plan contribution to be deducted by the corporation while not constituting income to the employee until the money is distributed by the plan. The hockey club contracted with Sargent's PSC for his services and paid the corporation its contractual fee. The IRS issued a tax deficiency notice to Sargent for unpaid taxes, which was appealed to the Tax Court for consideration.
The Tax Court agreed with the IRS that the corporation set up by Sargent was merely a form of assigning income to the corporation and that Sargent was still liable for the taxes. The issue in the Tax Court was whether Sargent was an employee of the hockey team or his PSC. If he was an employee of the PSC, then the deductions taken for pension plan contributions were allowable. If he was an employee of the hockey club, then his pension plan contributions were not deductible, and the income from the hockey club would be attributed to Sargent as an individual and not to his PSC.
* For specific inquiries regarding a business legal matter that you may have, you are contact our Tax Attorney in Los Angeles.
The Corporate Retirement Plan
This is part of fourth section of Anker Reed HSC's blog series entitled "To Incorporate or Not to Incorporate? That is the Question" regarding the corporate retirement plan.
A corporate retirement plan may include a pension plan, profit-sharing plan or combination of both. A pension plan is "established and maintained by an employer primarily to provide systematically for the payment of definitely determinable benefits to his employees, or their beneficiaries, over a period of years (usually for life) after retirement." (Blacks Law Dictionary)
A profit-sharing plan is established and maintained by an employer to provide for the participation in the profits of the company by the employees or their beneficiaries. A corporate retirement plan may be qualified or non-qualified in order to take advantage of the tax benefits available. If the corporate retirement plan is qualified according to § 401, special tax status attaches. First, the amount of the contribution will be deductible to the corporation under §404(a)(1) for pension plans and § 404(a)(3) for profit-sharing plans. Second, "Any amount actually distributed to any distributed by any employees' trust described in section 401(a) which is exempt from tax under section 501(a) shall be taxable to the distributee, in the taxable year of the distributee in which distributed". (§ 402 Supp., 2000) Therefore, § 402 provides for tax deferral until the corporate retirement plan distributes to the beneficiary. For example, if a corporation makes a $10,000 contribution to a corporate retirement plan in the name of the individual employee, the corporation will be allowed to deduct this amount from taxable income and the individual will not be taxed on this amount in the year of the contribution! The contribution is placed into the corporate retirement account where it appreciates tax-deferred; the individual will be taxed on the amount when the retirement account distributes its corpus to the individual participant.
For the noncorporate taxpayer, usually a member of a union pension plan, the only deductible retirement contribution available would be an Individual Retirement Account (IRA). The deductibility of IRA contributions is limited when the individual is an active participant in a retirement plan maintained by an employer. For such individuals the IRA contribution is phased-out at certain AGI levels ($31,000-$41,000 for 1999).
Therefore, the noncorporate taxpayer may not receive the current tax benefit of the contribution because the contribution will be made with after-tax earnings. The corporate retirement plan has no comparable limitation.
* For specific inquiries regarding a business legal matter that you may have, you are contact our Business Lawyer in Los Angeles.
Alternative Minimum Tax: The Effect on Itemized Deductions
This is also part of third section of Anker Reed HSC's blog series entitled "To Incorporate or Not to Incorporate? That is the Question" regarding the alternative minimum tax and its effect on medical and miscellaneous itemized deductions.
An additional issue with regard to the deductibility of both medical and miscellaneous itemized deductions is the imposition of the Alternative Minimum Tax. "Congress enacted the alternative minimum tax (AMT) in 1969 to make wealthy taxpayers pay their fair share instead of using tax shelters and other means to reduce, or even eliminate, their federal tax liability." (Kern, 1999). "The alternative minimum tax generally can be described as a flat tax rate which is imposed on a broader income base than the taxable income yardstick used for the regular corporate tax." (Lind, supra note 11 at 15). "The tax is designed to ensure that all taxpayers pay at least a minimum amount of taxes." (Blacks Law Dictionary, 1990). "Without the alternative minimum tax, some of these taxpayers might be able to escape income taxation entirely. In essence, the AMT functions as a recapture mechanism, reclaiming some of the tax breaks primarily available to high-income taxpayers, and represents an attempt to maintain tax equity." (Commerce Clearing House, 1999).
The AMT is paid in addition to any other income tax imposed and calculated as the excess of the tentative minimum tax for the taxable year over the regular tax for the taxable year. The definition for tentative minimum tax, though, depends on the status of the taxpayer, whether noncorporate or corporate. The tentative minimum tax for the noncorporate taxpayer is the sum of 26% of so much of the taxable excess as does not exceed $175,000 plus 28% of so much of the taxable excess as exceeds $175,000. The Internal Revenue Code also provides for tax exemption status, evidencing the congressional intent of taxing the high-income taxpayers. If the taxpayer's taxable income does not exceed $45,000 for taxpayers filing a joint return, $33,750 for the individual taxpayer, or $22,500 for the married taxpayer filing separately, the taxpayer is exempt from alternative minimum tax treatment. This means that, depending on the individual taxpayer, there could be an exemption from AMT for the lower income brackets. After the $33,750 exemption, the next $175,000 will be taxed at a rate of 26%. Taxable income exceeding this will be taxed at 28%. At the corporate level, the first $40,000 of taxable income is exempt from AMT treatment.
As previously discussed, the PSC will have little or no taxable income as a result of "zeroing-out." Therefore, no discussion of corporate AMT is necessary.
When analyzing the application of AMT to the noncorporate taxpayer, the focus of the discussion turns to the medical and miscellaneous itemized deductions. For Regular Income Tax ("RIT") purposes, medical expenses are deductible when they exceed 7.5% of adjusted gross income ("AGI"). For AMT purposes, medical expenses are deductible only when they exceed 10% of AGI. With regard to miscellaneous deductions, the difference between RIT and AMT is even more conspicuous. For RIT purposes, miscellaneous itemized deductions (specifically unreimbursed employee business expenses) are deductible to the extent they exceed 2% of AGI. Under AMT, however, miscellaneous itemized deductions are not allowed. This is significant since an employee working in a noncorporate structure will be considered an employee for whom she provides services.
Therefore, any business expenses she incurs will be considered unreimbursed employee business expenses, shown as miscellaneous itemized deductions subject to the 2% of AGI limitation and rendered non-deductible for AMT purposes. Under the PSC, these business expenses escape both the RIT limitation and the AMT exclusion.
* For specific inquiries regarding a business legal matter that you may have, you are welcome to visit our Tax Attorney in Los Angeles.
Related articles
- Frequently Asked Questions about the Alternative Minimum Tax (turbotax.intuit.com)
The Medical Reimbursement Plan with Regards to Deduction Limitations
This is part of the third section of Anker Reed HSC's blog series entitled "To Incorporate or Not to Incorporate? That is the Question" regarding the medical reimbursement plan and deduction limitations of the corporation and individual.
The corporation may establish a medical reimbursement plan as a benefit to its employees, which eliminates the medical expense deduction limitation. In a medical reimbursement plan the corporation will reimburse the entertainer/employee/shareholder for expenses incurred in securing medical treatment. When the corporation reimburses the employee for the medical expenses incurred, the employee avoids the limitation on the deductibility of medical expenses.
Furthermore, the employee avoids taxation on the reimbursed amount under Internal Revenue Code § 105 which provides that "gross income does not include amounts paid, directly or indirectly, to the taxpayer to reimburse the taxpayer for expenses incurred by him for the medical care … of the taxpayer, his spouse, and his dependents." The effect on the corporation is equally beneficial to the corporate taxpayer in that "payments pursuant to a medical reimbursement plan by the employer corporation are deductible as a business expense." (Berwind, 1985)
Using the previous example, all $25,000 in medical expenses would be specifically excluded from the gross income of the employee and would be deductible to the corporation; this saves approximately $12,500 in tax to the employee as an individual taxpayer.
Therefore, there is a definite tax benefit to the incorporated employee in the form of increased deductibility of expenses-deductions which may be limited to the individual taxpayer.
* For specific inquiries regarding a business legal matter that you may have, you are welcome to visit our Los Angeles Business Lawyer services page.
Deduction Limitations of the Corporation and Individual
This is the third section of Anker Reed HSC's blog series entitled "To Incorporate or Not to Incorporate? That is the Question" regarding deduction limitations of the corporation and individual.
The corporation, on the other hand, is not affected by the § 67 limitation. A corporation will be allowed a one hundred percent deduction on itemized deductions. Therefore, in the foregoing example, the corporate taxpayer will be able to deduct the full amount of $50,000 without limitation. The corporation has effectively just saved the individual taxpayer approximately $4,000 in federal taxes and $1,000 in state taxes.
The subject of deduction limitations becomes more significant when addressing the issue of deductions allowed for medical expenses. An individual taxpayer can deduct the expenses for medical care of the taxpayer, his spouse, or a dependent to the extent that the expenses exceed 7.5% of the adjusted gross income. Using the previous example, if the individual had medical expenses of $25,000, they are not deductible because only those expenses that exceed 7.5% of the adjusted gross income are deductible. With an adjusted gross income of $500,000, the individual would need to have medical expenses of at least $37,500 before any deductions may be taken. In applying the applicable federal and state tax rates, the individual with $25,000 of medical expenses would pay a tax of approximately $12,500 ($10,000 to the federal government and $2,500 to the state government).
* For specific inquiries regarding a tax planning legal matter that you may have, you are welcome to visit our Los Angeles Business Attorney services page.
To Incorporate or Not to Incorporate? THAT is the Question (Part 6)
This is part 6 of Anker Reed HSC's blog series entitled "To Incorporate or Not to Incorporate? That is the Question".
The tax implications for an LLC (limited liability corporation) are identical to that of a partnership. " For federal income tax purposes, the LLC is not a separate taxpaying entity and is not subject to tax at the entity level. Instead, the LLC's members report their respective distributive shares of LLC income, gain, loss, and deduction and credit on their individual federal income tax returns." (Continuing Education of the Bar of California, 1999)
The tax treatment of an LLC by the state of California may also be problematic to the entertainer. Whereas the LLC and partnership will pay the same annual franchise tax that a corporation pays ($800), an LLC will be charged, pursuant to California Revenue & Taxation Code § 17942(a)-(b), an additional fee if there is net income exceeding $250,000. The additional fee is specified in the California Revenue and Tax Code and provides for the fee to be graduated at specified levels of income. Taking our earlier example of the partnership that has $1,000,000o taxable income, should this partnership be an LLC, there would be an additional fee of $5,190 assessed.
Other popular business entities include sole proprietorships, general partnerships, limited partnerships, and limited liability partnerships. It is not important that we analyze each of these entities with regard to the tax effects. What is important, though, is that we note that over time these entities have been regarded as being inappropriate for application to the entertainer. For example, the sole proprietorship provides no tax benefit insofar as taxes are assessed on the sole proprietor at the individual rate.
Furthermore, the purpose of this blog series is to assess the benefits and detriments of incorporation to the entertainer. An examination of all of the business entities and their utility to the entertainer would be of no use, for attorneys and accountants have long-held that an entertainer's decision is solely whether to incorporate or remain a non-taxpayer. Therefore, the main consideration will be whether incorporation is beneficial to the entertainer as taxpayer.
* For specific inquiries regarding a business legal matter that you may have, you are welcome to visit our Los Angeles Business Attorney services page.
To Incorporate or Not to Incorporate? THAT is the Question (Part 4)
This is part 4 of Anker Reed HSC's blog series entitled "To Incorporate or Not to Incorporate? That is the Question".
"The desire to avoid employee classification, and to obtain the benefits of the corporate form and independent contractor status, often motivates workers to create an employee loan-out corporation." (La France, 1995)
Primarily, though, an entertainer will be considering the formation of a business entity for the purpose of creating a more beneficial tax structure. By filtering income through a business entity and with proper Tax Planning advice, different tax advantages arise. Yet, the structures of a limited liability company ("LLC") and a partnership will not provide the desired tax benefit to an entertainer.
A partnership includes a syndicate, group, pool, joint venture, or other unincorporated organization through or by means of which any business, financial operation, or venture is carried on, and which is not, within the meaning of this title, a corporation or a trust or estate.
* For specific inquiries regarding a business legal matter that you may have, you are welcome to visit our Business Organization and Business Formation legal services page.
To Incorporate or not to Incorporate? THAT is the Question (Part 3)
This is part 3 of Anker Reed HSC's blog series entitled "To Incorporate or Not to Incorporate? That is the Question".
Which Business Entity Should the Entertainer Choose?
The analysis of which business entity will be most advantageous for an entertainer is no different from the analysis done with regard to which business entity will be optimal in any other industry. An analysis of the benefits and detriments with regard to liability, tax consequences, and control issues all factor in the decision of which business entity to employ. Over time, though, this analysis has been refined in that attorneys and accountants have recognized that certain business entities are more favorable in certain industries while other business entities more appropriately pertain to other industries.
The general analysis of the benefits and detriments of the various business entities have led attorneys and accountants to conclude that incorporating is more advantageous to an entertainer than forming a limited liability company, partnership, or other business entity. This is because the purposes for the formation of a business entity by an entertainer will not be served by any of the alternative business entities. The other attributes of incorporation, namely liability protection and control issues, become irrelevant. Usually a corporation's directors and shareholders will be shielded from liability in that a corporation and its owners are separate entities. This is untrue, though, when the shareholders have personally guaranteed the liability. This was a major teaching of the Basinger case, in that had Ms. Basinger signed the contract on her own behalf, this effectively would have been a personal guarantee of the contract. Additionally, the control issues are not important to analyze in that an entertainer is usually the sole shareholder of the loanout corporation.
* For specific inquiries regarding a business legal matter that you may have, you are welcome to visit our Business Organization Formation legal services page.
To Incorporate or not to Incorporate? THAT is the Question (Part 2)
This is part 2 of Anker Reed HSC's blog series entitled "To Incorporate or Not to Incorporate? That is the Question".
"The 'loanout' company is a 'Hollywood' term for a device that has received wide acceptance among doctors and lawyers-the personal service corporation."(Klinger, 1986) "In the typical loan-out, an individual service provider forms a corporation in which she is the sole or majority shareholder as well as the sole or principal employee. The corporation then negotiates with a third party-the 'borrower'–to 'lend' the services of the controlling shareholder-employee for a price." (LaFrance, 1995) The third party will then pay the amount of the contract to the loan-out corporation, which will then pay a salary to the shareholder/employee. A studio or production company will usually not contract with the loan-out company unless it specifically expresses that the contract is for the services of the entertainer and the entertainer has signed the contract on his or her own behalf. A lawsuit involving Kim Basinger and the producers of the feature film "Boxing Helena" addressed this issue.
The contract for Ms. Basinger's services was between the production company, Main Line Pictures, Inc. and Ms. Basinger's loan-out company, Mighty Wind Productions, Inc. Ms. Basinger signed the contract as an agent for her loan-out company, but nowhere did she sign on her own behalf.' The contract was between Main Line and Mighty Wind; Ms. Basinger, as an individual, was not a party.' Therefore, it appeared that it was not Ms. Basinger who was obligated to perform on the contract, but it was Mighty Wind who was so obligated.
In an unpublished opinion by the California Court of Appeal, it was stated, "If the contract is only with Mighty Wind, then only Mighty Wind can be liable for breach of the contract."
* For specific inquiries regarding a business legal matter that you may have, you are welcome to visit our Business Disputes legal services page.


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NEW YORK >> A man angry about photos showing his wife with another man stabbed her to death and then hugged and kissed his two young daughters before setting them down on their bed and killing them too, prosecutors said Wednesday.
Miguel Mejia-Ramos, 29, was arrested earlier this week in Texas after authorities tracked his cellphone. On Wednesday, he agreed to return to New York, and Queens District Attorney Richard Brown said he was expected in court Friday to face murder charges.
Mejia-Ramos had been out drinking at a friend's house on Sunday night, prosecutors said. When he returned home around 11 p.m., he rifled through his wife's phone and Facebook account and found an image of her with another man, they said.
He snapped, grabbed a knife from a butcher block and stood over his sleeping wife, Deisy Garcia, and two daughters, they said. Garcia awoke and screamed, and he stabbed her as she got out of bed and ran to another room, prosecutors said. Mejia-Ramos grabbed another knife and stabbed her multiple times in the torso, chest and back, they said.
After the 21-year-old woman was killed, Mejia-Ramos went back to the bedroom where 2-year-old Daniela and 1-year-old Yoselin lay, prosecutors said. He picked up Daniela, gave her a hug and a kiss, asked for forgiveness, then put her back on the bed and killed her, prosecutors said. He then did the same with Yoselin, they said.
Brown was at the crime scene on Sunday night and said it was particularly gruesome.
"I've seen a lot in my 23 years as district attorney, but there is nothing that disturbs me more than seeing young children — in this case mere babies — as homicide victims," Brown said.
A bloody, bent knife blade and a broken handle were discovered at the scene, authorities said.
Mejia-Ramos fled in a white van, driving south to Texas. Authorities in Fayette County, Texas, say the suspect, who goes by at least one other name, was located Monday night after he turned on his cellphone. Authorities were able to track his location and arrest him at a vehicle roadblock on Interstate 10 in Schulenburg, which is between Houston and San Antonio. The location is about 1,700 miles from New York.
Mejia-Ramos will be charged with six counts of first-degree murder, second-degree murder and criminal possession of a weapon, the district attorney's office said. If convicted, he faces life in prison without parole.

subset: commoncrawl


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Definitions of swag
v. i. - To tramp carrying a swag.
n. - A tramping bushman's luggage, rolled up either in canvas or in a blanket so as to form a long bundle, and carried on the back or over the shoulder; -- called also a bluey, or a drum.
n. - Any bundle of luggage similarly rolled up; hence, luggage in general.
v. i. - To hang or move, as something loose and heavy; to sway; to swing.
v. i. - To sink down by its weight; to sag.
n. - A swaying, irregular motion.
n. - A burglar's or thief's booty; boodle.
The word "swag" uses 4 letters: A G S W.
Direct anagrams of swag:
Words formed by adding one letter before or after swag (in bold), or to agsw in any order:
e - swage wages k - gawks n - gnaws swang p - gawps s - swags y - gawsy
Shorter words found within swag:
ag as aw gas sag saw wag was
List shorter words within swag, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in swag, plus an optional blank or existing letter
List all words starting with swag, words containing swag or words ending with swag
All words formed from swag by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: sw wa ag
Browse words starting with swag by next letter
Previous word in list: swaddling
Next word in list: swage
Some random words: ngultrum votress lictor to nth sri geanticline
This is not a dictionary, it's a word game wordfinder.
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80% of self-employed people in Britain live in poverty
Freelance perks mask growing fears of financial ruin for millions
Freelance perks mask growing fears of financial ruin for millions
The Lib Dem spokesman on Work and Pensions answers your questions, such as 'Aren't you having it both ways on the deficit?' and 'Isn't Clegg really a Tory?'
Leader says 'I am not the kingmaker' as he backtracks from praise for Thatcher at party's spring conference and attempts to deflect talk of a hung parliament. Political Editor Jane Merrick reports
Unemployment is still on course to soar above three million despite better-than-expected jobless figures, it was warned today.
Liberal Democrat leader Nick Clegg faced a major test of his authority tonight as his own frontbenchers stepped up criticism of his plans for public spending cuts.
Lib Dem leader attempts to reassert his authority with attack on the two-party system
Three Liberal Democrat frontbenchers quit tonight in a revolt over the Lisbon Treaty referendum.


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- • Flooding in Britain - 02.14
- • Sochi 2014 Olympics: Reaching the podium - 02.13
- • The 2014 Westminster Dog Show - 02.10
- • 2014 Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony in Soch - 02.07
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June 15, 2009 |
Iran's Disputed Election
Following up from last Friday's entry about Iran's Presidential Election, Tehran and other cities have seen the largest street protests and rioting since the 1979 Iranian Revolution. Supporters of reform candidate Mir Hossein Mousavi, upset at their announced loss and suspicions of voter fraud, took to the streets both peacefully and, in some cases, violently to vent their frustrations. Iranian security forces and hardline volunteer militia members responded with force and arrests, attempting to stamp out the protests - meanwhile, thousands of Iranians who were happy with the election outcome staged their own victory demonstrations. Mousavi himself has been encouraging peaceful demonstrations, and called for calm at a large demonstration today (held in defiance of an official ban), as Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has just called for an official inquiry into accusations of election irregularities. (Update: several photos of injuries from gunshots at today's rally added below) (38 photos total (plus 3))
A supporter of defeated Iranian presidential candidate Mir Hossein Mousavi shouts slogans during riots in Tehran on June 13, 2009. Hardline incumbent Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was declared winner by a landslide in Iran's hotly-disputed presidential vote, triggering riots by opposition supporters and furious complaints of cheating from his defeated rivals. (OLIVIER LABAN-MATTEI/AFP/Getty Images)
Protestors set fires in a main street in Tehran, Iran in the early hours of Monday, June 15, 2009. Iran's supreme leader ordered Monday an investigation into allegations of election fraud, marking a stunning turnaround by the country's most powerful figure and offering hope to opposition forces who have waged street clashes to protest the re-election of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. (AP Photo) #
A riot-police officer strikes a man with a baton near Tehran University on June 14, 2009. Iran's defeated presidential candidate Mir Hossein Mousavi said on Sunday he has asked the powerful Guardians Council to cancel the result of the presidential poll, while urging his supporters to continue peaceful protests. (STR/AFP/Getty Images) #
Thousands of supporters of Iran's hardline President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad wave national and other coloured flags during a massive rally to celebrate his victory in the presidential elections in Tehran's Valiasr square on June 14, 2009. Ahmadinejad defended his June 12 re-election but his defeated rival, Mir Hossein Mousavi, demanded the result be scrapped, setting the stage for further tense confrontations after the authorities cracked down on opposition protests. (ATTA KENARE/AFP/Getty Images) #
Iranian riot policemen kick a man in Zartusht street close to the Interior Ministry, as supporters of reformist candidate Mir Hossein Mousavi started to gather on the streets protesting the declared results of the Iranian presidential election in Tehran, Iran, Saturday, June 13, 2009. (AP photo/STR) #
Black smoke rises above the Tehran skyline as supporters of Mir Hossein Mousavi burn tires and other material in the streets as they fight running battles with police to protest the declared results of the Iranian presidential election in Tehran, Iran, Saturday, June 13, 2009. (AP Photo/Ben Curtis) #
A protester holds a stone during clashes with police in Tehran June 13, 2009. Thousands of people clashed with police on Saturday after the disputed election victory of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad sparked the biggest protests in Tehran since the 1979 Islamic revolution. (REUTERS/Ahmed Jadalla) #
A poster of defeated candidate Mir Hossein Mousavi is seen on the broken-down door of a room in Tehran University dormitory after it was attacked by militia forces during riots in Tehran, Iran in the early hours of Monday, June 15, 2009. Overnight, police and militia stormed the campus at the city's biggest university, ransacking dormitories and arresting dozens of students angry over what they claim was election fraud. (AP photo) #
On Monday, June 15, 2009, Iranian opposition demonstrators protest in support of defeated presidential candidate Mir Hossein Mousavi, in Tehran. Opposition supporters defied a ban to stage a mass rally in Tehran in protest at President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's landslide election win, as Iran faced a growing international backlash over the validity of the election and the subsequent crackdown on opposition protests. (BEHROUZ MEHRI/AFP/Getty Images) #
Update, 2:30pm Eastern time - several photos of injured and one dead from gunshots at today's rally.
More links and information
Khamenei Calls for Inquiry as Demonstrators Defy Ban - NYTimes.com 6/15
Updates on Iran's disputed election - NYTimes.com Lede Blog, 6/15


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It would be very useful if there was another option for parallel execution:
Databases per Server to execute against simultaneously.
For example, we have about 180 databases across 6 database servers. Now ideally, I would want 3 scripts per server to be running at all times (for 18 total in parallel). This would give me the fastest possible execution and not overload each server.
We have kind of gotten around this by randomizing the distribution lists, but since scripts take different times to run on each server, it doesn't work that great.


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Waiver Wire: Healthy options are dwindling
Is Maurice Morris a hot commodity again in Week 13? Are you scrambling for a healthy quarterback? Our Jamey Eisenberg runs through your top free agent options in his Playing the Waiver Wire.
Michael Vick has missed the past two games with injured ribs, and he will likely be out again in Week 13 since the Eagles play on Thursday night at Seattle. That will allow Vince Young to start against the Seahawks.
We had Young as a sleeper in Week 12 against New England, and he responded with 24 Fantasy points. He passed for 400 yards, one touchdown and one interception and also added six carries for 40 yards. His production should have been even better if DeSean Jackson held on to what appeared to be two touchdowns.
Young, who is owned in 31 percent of leagues on CBSSports.com, is worth using as a starter against Seattle. The Seahawks just allowed 314 passing yards, two touchdowns and two interceptions (20 Fantasy points) to Rex Grossman at home, and Young is capable of a similar performance.
In his first start in place of Vick in Week 11 at the Giants, Young had 16 Fantasy points. Once again, Jackson hurt his production when a taunting penalty cost Young two points. This time, we're hoping Jackson can behave and play at a high level, and Young is getting plenty of help from Riley Cooper , Jason Avant and Brent Celek , especially with Jeremy Maclin (hamstring) out.
Andy Reid has done wonders with his backup quarterbacks over the years. A.J. Feeley, Kevin Kolb and Michael Vick were all No. 2 quarterbacks who filled in as quality Fantasy options. Now it's Young's turn, and he should be useful in all leagues if he continues to start for an injured Vick.
In case you haven't noticed ... Roy Helu finally had the breakout game we were waiting for in Week 12 at Seattle with 21 Fantasy points, and we hope Mike Shanahan will commit to him as the starter for the rest of the season. Helu, who is owned in 74 percent of leagues, had 23 carries for 108 yards and a touchdown and seven catches for 54 yards. He doesn't have the best matchup in Week 13 against the Jets, who haven't allowed a running back to score since Week 7, but he is worth adding in all leagues because he could be a potential flex option or injury replacement to close the year.
Each Tuesday we will highlight players who might be available in your league and whether you should consider picking them up off waivers based on their recent performances. The players chosen are based on the percentage of ownership in CBSSports.com leagues.
Add 'Em
Matt Moore
, Dolphins
Owned: 30 percent of leagues
12: Completed 19 of 32 passes for 288 yards, one touchdown and one
fumble at Dallas.
Analysis: Fantasy owners are desperate for
quarterbacks in deeper leagues, and Moore can be a useful option. He
should have had 17 Fantasy points against the Cowboys if he didn't have
the fumbled snap, and he has a favorable matchup this week against the
Raiders. Oakland has allowed multiple touchdowns to opposing
quarterbacks in each of the past four games, and Moore has thrown for
three touchdowns in two of his past four outings. Moore has done a great
job of looking for
Brandon Marshall
, who
has averaged more than eight targets a game in the seven games Moore has
Rex Grossman
, Redskins
Owned: 14 percent of
Week 12: Completed 26 of 35 passes for 314 yards, two
touchdowns and two interceptions at Seattle.
Analysis: We
don't like Grossman in Week 13 with his matchup against the Jets. But
the time to use Grossman is Week 14 against New England, and if you're
playing the quarterback matchups on a weekly basis then count on him as
your starter. He does have 48 Fantasy points in his past two games
against Dallas and Seattle, and he finally got
Santana Moss
back against the Seahawks. You'll have to be risky to
trust Grossman since he has five interceptions in his past three games,
but he also has four games with multiple touchdowns in eight starts on
the year.
Avoid 'Em
Colt McCoy
, Browns
Owned: 48 percent of leagues
12: Completed 16 of 34 passes for 151 yards, two touchdowns and one
interception and had six carries for 38 yards at Cincinnati.
McCoy's performance in Week 12 was his best game since Week 6 at
Oakland. He started the season with four games with at least 18 Fantasy
points in his first five outings, but he went the next five games with
at least 15 points or less before facing the Bengals. We hope McCoy can
continue to play at a high level to close the season, but he's not worth
using in most Fantasy leagues. He faces Baltimore and Pittsburgh in
consecutive games, and McCoy should only be considered a low-end Fantasy
Scout 'Em
Kyle Orton
, Chiefs
Owned: 23 percent of leagues
12: Did not play
Analysis: Orton could be considered an
add if Todd Haley changes his mind and starts Orton in Week 13 at
Chicago instead of
Tyler Palko
. But
Haley said Monday that Palko would remain the starter, and it's unknown
when Haley will give Orton the starting nod. Orton has plenty of
potential for Fantasy owners to close the season, but we need to see him
on the field first before recommending him in the majority of leagues.
Caleb Hanie
, Bears
Owned: 8 percent of leagues
12: Completed 18 of 36 passes for 254 yards, two touchdowns and
three interceptions and had five carries for 50 yards at Oakland.
Hanie had a solid Fantasy game against the Raiders, mostly with his
rushing stats overcoming the three interceptions. He will likely improve
with his turnovers as he gets more experience, and he could be useful
for Fantasy owners in Week 13 with his matchup against Kansas City. He
also has a favorable matchup in Week 15 against Seattle, and Fantasy
owners should continue to monitor his progress with
Jay Cutler
(thumb) out.
T.J. Yates
, Texans
Owned: Not owned in the
majority of leagues
Week 12: Completed 8 of 15 passes for 70
yards at Jacksonville.
Analysis: The Texans lost
Matt Schaub
(foot) and
Matt Leinart
(collarbone) in consecutive games, and now Yates becomes the starter in
Houston. He is not going to start for the majority of Fantasy owners,
but he does have some great weapons around him in
Andre Johnson
Owen Daniels
Arian Foster
. Now, the Texans will continue to rely on their running
game with Foster and
Ben Tate
, but just
keep an eye on Yates and how he does to close the season because he
could be helpful in a desperate situation.
Running back
Add 'Em
Maurice Morris
, Lions
Owned: 53 percent of leagues
12: Had seven carries for 39 yards and nine catches for 81 yards vs.
Green Bay.
Kevin Smith
(ankle) could be out in Week 13 at New Orleans, which would allow Morris
the chance to remain heavily involved on offense. We saw what he's
capable of Thanksgiving Day with his performance against the Packers,
and he has two games with double digits in Fantasy points in his past
four outings. He also is the lone running back to rush for a touchdown
against the Broncos, and the Saints have been mediocre at best in run
defense this season.
Toby Gerhart
, Vikings
Owned: 47 percent of leagues
12: Had 17 carries for 44 yards and a touchdown and two catches for
19 yards at Atlanta.
Adrian Peterson
(ankle) could be out again in Week 13 against Denver,
which would allow Gerhart the chance to remain the starter. He is not
worth using in the majority of leagues since the Broncos have allowed
just one running back to score a rushing touchdown this season, but he
just got double digits in Fantasy points against a stout Falcons defense
in Week 12. If he doesn't score he won't have much Fantasy value, but in
a desperate situation with Peterson out it appears as if you can rely on
Gerhart to help you in deeper leagues.
Donald Brown
, Colts
Owned: 42 percent of leagues
12: Had 14 carries for 80 yards and a touchdown and one catch for 17
yards vs. Carolina.
Analysis: Brown might never have as good a
situation as he had in Week 12 against the Panthers, and he finished
with his best performance of the season with 15 Fantasy points.
Joseph Addai
could start to get the majority of carries soon as his
injured hamstring gets better, and he even started against Carolina. But
Brown now has at least six Fantasy points in five of his past six games
with three touchdowns over that span, and the Colts might continue to
rely on him in case he's the starter in 2012. He's worth adding as at
least a potential injury replacement to close the year.
Avoid 'Em
Montario Hardesty
, Browns
Owned: 44 percent of
Week 12: Did not play at Cincinnati.
Hardesty missed the game against the Bengals when his injured calf
became a problem prior to kickoff, and he might not see much action
going forward with
Peyton Hillis
back. The Browns also have a tough schedule ahead with games against
Baltimore and Pittsburgh in the next two weeks, and Hardesty might not
even be healthy enough to return.
Chris Ogbonnaya
is also a risky Fantasy option going forward with Hillis now back.
Scout 'Em
Tashard Choice
, Bills
Owned: 28 percent of leagues
12: Had two carries for minus-8 yards at the Jets.
C.J. Spiller
is the only running back to own for the Bills now with
Fred Jackson
(leg) out for the season, but Choice could be needed if
Spiller gets hurt. We'd love to see
Johnny White
get more of a look, but Chan Gailey will most likely rely on Choice
since they have a relationship when both were at Georgia Tech. But he
has a lot to prove after failed stints in Dallas and Washington already
this season. He is only worth owning in deeper leagues.
Wide receiver
Add 'Em
James Jones
, Packers
Owned: 67 percent of leagues
12: Had three catches for 94 yards and a touchdown at Detroit.
Many Fantasy owners dropped Jones since he went consecutive games with
zero Fantasy points prior to his performance on Thanksgiving Day. But
he's capable of great games since he plays with the best quarterback in
the NFL in
Aaron Rodgers
. He's a risky
starting option in the majority of leagues, but he does have five
touchdowns on the season and always has the chance to break a big play
thanks to Rodgers.
Johnny Knox
, Bears
Owned: 24 percent of leagues
12: Had four catches for 145 yards and a touchdown at Oakland.
I guess we know who Hanie's favorite target will be since Knox had his
best game in his first start. The Bears should have gotten Knox more
playing time earlier in the season, but he could provide a solid
finishing kick. He now has seven catches for 242 yards and two
touchdowns in his past two games with 15 targets over that span. We
liked Knox a lot coming into the season before the Bears made him a
reserve, but he could be an excellent Fantasy option to close the year.
Riley Cooper
, Eagles
Owned: 7 percent of leagues
12: Had three catches for 71 yards vs. New England.
Cooper continues to play well with Maclin out. He now has eight catches
for 146 yards and a touchdown in his past two games with 17 targets over
that span. Maclin will likely be out again in Week 13 at Seattle, which
will keep Cooper in the starting lineup. He should be considered a
quality No. 3 Fantasy receiver in all formats as long as Maclin remains
on the sideline.
Avoid 'Em
Harry Douglas
, Falcons
Owned: 20 percent of
Week 12: Had two catches for 45 yards and a touchdown
vs. Minnesota.
Analysis: Douglas has been a good injury
replacement for
Julio Jones
. He has at
least five Fantasy points in five of the past six games, including
double digits in Fantasy points in two of his past three outings. But
this was his first touchdown of the season against the Vikings, and
Jones should be close to 100 percent heading into Week 13 at Houston. If
Jones is out again then Douglas can retain value, but Douglas is not
worth using when Jones is healthy.
Anthony Armstrong
, Redskins
Owned: 1 percent of
Week 12: Had one catch for 50 yards and a touchdown at
Analysis: Shanahan has been talking up Armstrong for
weeks, but he had four games with no catches prior to facing the
Seahawks. He also had just one target against Seattle, which was his
lone catch. With Moss back and
Fred Davis
Jabar Gaffney
playing well,
Armstrong has minimal Fantasy value. Ignore him in most formats going
Scout 'Em
Doug Baldwin
, Seahawks
Owned: 35 percent of
Week 12: Had five catches for 60 yards vs. Washington.
Baldwin could be asked to step up if
Sidney Rice
(concussion) is out in Week 13 against Philadelphia. Baldwin has played
well lately with at least five Fantasy points in four of his past five
games, but he hasn't scored a touchdown since Week 5. The Eagles
secondary is a mess right now, and Baldwin could have an opportunity to
make plays on Thursday. Keep an eye on what happens with Rice, but
Baldwin could be a solid No. 3 Fantasy receiver in the majority of
Greg Little
, Browns
Owned: 31 percent of leagues
12: Had five catches for 57 yards and a touchdown at Cincinnati.
Little is worth adding in deeper leagues since he has at least five
catches in his past three games and at least nine Fantasy points in two
of his past three outings, including the touchdown against the Bengals.
But Little continues to deal with drops, and he needs to have more
consistent production for Fantasy owners to count on him. We hope Little
can close the season playing on a high note, but we need to see more
from him to recommend adding him in all leagues.
Tight end
Add 'Em
Jermaine Gresham
, Bengals
Owned: 58 percent of
Week 12: Had five catches for 68 yards and a touchdown
vs. Cleveland.
Analysis: We expected Gresham to play well
against the Browns, and he had his second touchdown in his past three
games. The other touchdown was against the Steelers, who he faces in
Week 13. Gresham has some excellent matchups to close the season against
St. Louis in Week 15 and Arizona in Week 16. He is a great starting
option in deeper formats and could be used in all leagues if your No. 1
tight end (Owen Daniels for example) is struggling.
Avoid 'Em
Dennis Pitta
, Ravens
Owned: 1 percent of leagues
12: Had two catches for 19 yards and a touchdown vs. San Francisco.
Pitta had his first touchdown of the season, and he continues to play
well as the No. 2 tight end behind
Ed Dickson
But he has yet to reach double digits in Fantasy points this year and
loses production to Dickson. If he has another game with at least seven
Fantasy points then maybe you can add him in deeper leagues, but as long
as Dickson is healthy, the two tight ends will likely negate each other
from having big games.
Scout 'Em
Scott Chandler
, Bills
Owned: 45 percent of leagues
12: Had six catches for 50 yards at the Jets.
Chandler hasn't scored a touchdown since Week 8, but he's actually
played well the past two games with 11 catches for 121 yards. He's doing
a better job in the middle of the field instead of being just a red-zone
threat. He has 12 targets in his past two games, which is his highest
activity in any two games this season. And if this continues then his
value could rise since
Ryan Fitzpatrick
is relying on him more then he has earlier in the year.
Stay in touch with the most passionate Fantasy staff in the business by following us via Twitter @CBSFantasyFB . You can also follow Jamey at @JameyEisenberg and on Facebook .
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text:
My car is a Subaru Legacy Outback H6-VDC Wagon (2001).
Basically a terrific car..however in 2006 I had the catal;ytic
converter replaced under warranty with a month to spare..LUCKY!!.
Anyhow it could have been before the converter was replaced but
on a 400 mile trip to pickup my wife and the car started losing
power and a hesitation/surge on acceleration under a load ie while
climbing a hill or passing (very dangerous!!!) These problems
only occurs after the car is up to operating temperature. Doesn't
occur after it sits and cools off a a period of time. Once it starts
hesitation/surge it does it regardless, traffic light starts
and general motoring as long as you are trying to accelerate max
speed 20 to 30 mph. Before I took in to the dealer I hooked my Actron
scanner to the datalink to see any codes both "key on engine off" and
"key on engine off" I also hooked my wife's mickey mouse CarMD scanner
as well and all three times got 2 codes: P0171 and P0174 which could
point to the MAF sensor on either bank or both. At no time during these
surge events was the "CHECK ENGINE" light on!!
I took the car to my local Subaru dealer and my wife tried to explain to
female service coordinator the problem and then left. I got a call from
the coordinator that I needed a $500 plug change and a transmission service
and finally a fuel filter in which I agreed on all 3. They couldn't get any
OBD codes and I NEVER reset codes as that would be stupid!!!
Picked up car following day it ran alright for a couple of dayS until friday
rush hour traffic and then the hesitation/surge upon acceleration. I drove
35 miles back to the dealership insisted the coordinator take a ride to observe
the problem she still couldn't comprehend it so I ended the ride and had
her write it up again. The mecahanic can only repair an item if the problem
is presented to him correctly. She has been TOLD twice to check and or service
the MAF sensor we will see tomorrow I doubt it!!! I will see tomorrow....nothing
done I am calling Subaru America after I give the service manager achance
to sort it out and the local BBB. The last bill for plugs, transmission service
and fuel filter cost me $1000 and I am on fixed income. Can you help with
the problem? Sorry so long winded just total frutration. Thanks
Engine Surge and OBD II code P0171 and P0174 on 2001 Subaru Outback
Asked by for the 2001 Subaru Outback
I agree with the previous commenter that vacuum hoses are the most likely culprit but a couple of things you said are really intriguing me. First if it is vacuum hoses than that should be pretty apparent at idle as well as under load. For a severe stumble under load that would have to be a really major vacuum leak. I am assuming you and the shop checked for that pretty throughly. As you probably know P0171 and P0174 are both System Too Lean faults and not necessarily tied to the MAF sensor. I would not be so quick to discount the fuel pump and fuel sending units. there is a TSB (9-38-03) for the fuel pump from Subaru outlining clearly the repair/replace procedures for dealers which leads me to believe its done pretty often and is easy to screw up. Also I wouldn't discount the CarMD tool either. While I don't work for them directly they do contract with professionals such as myself to answer questions just like this. Good luck.
1 more answer , 1 more comment
Well you were taken advantage of by that shop, when a customer comes in for a problem and the suggested repairs don't address the issue, this is just poor service and greedy too.
Here is some info on the P0171 and P0174 codes. http://repairpal.com/OBD-II-Code-P0171-and-P0174
These are normally from a vacuum leak, or a MAF sensor can cause it too (not a transmission service or fuel filter!)
Good Luck
Here is some info on the P0171 and P0174 codes. http://repairpal.com/OBD-II-Code-P0171-and-P0174
These are normally from a vacuum leak, or a MAF sensor can cause it too (not a transmission service or fuel filter!)
Good Luck
Thank you very much for your quick response on problem. I had a frank talk to the service mgr...nice guy but my car is still in the dealership waiting for a fuel pump [unreal!!] my next stop is Subaru America and my lawyer. I advised the service mgr that like you I suspected a vacuum leak, or a MAF sensor problem and was trying to tell me that Subaru doesn't have the standard MAF sensor???????. At any rate I amgoing to wait and see after my $1600 bill is paid and the problem is there all hell is going to happen!!!


text:
When injury strikes, one aspect of recovery that is often overlooked is nutrition
When injury strikes, one aspect of recovery that is often overlooked is nutrition. But while much has been written about nutrition for injury, surprisingly little is directly based on actual research. Kevin Tipton separates fact from fantasy.Exercise-induced injuries frequently prevent optimal training and competitive success for an athlete, and can limit or discourage others from enjoying the health benefits of exercise. Enhancing recovery from sports injuries is therefore crucial for athletes and recreational trainers. Injured exercisers often use methods such as rest, ice, stretching etc in an attempt to enhance recovery from injury, but frequently overlook nutrition. In this article, we'll focus on nutrition and acute/traumatic sports injuries, and the problems associated with limb immobility.
Phases of injury
Exercise-induced injuries generally have two main phases, both of which may be influenced by nutrition:
Immobilisation/atrophy stage (first phase) – Depending on the type and severity of the injury, immobilisation can last from a few days to several months. During this time, metabolic changes in the tissues resulting from inactivity lead to loss of strength and function (see figure 1).The loss of muscle that leads to these functional problems is well recognised, but recently other tissues, such as tendon have been given more attention;
Rehabilitation and increased activity of the injured limb (second phase) – This phase follows the return of mobility leading to muscle hypertrophy and the return of functionality. Unfortunately, the complete recovery of strength and function following injury-induced immobilisation takes much longer than the time it takes to lose them.
Whereas the ideal nutritional regimes may be similar for these two phases, there are some differences that may be important to consider.
Immediately following a severe injury, an inflammatory response is initiated, which is generally considered to be necessary for proper healing. The inflammatory stage may last from several hours up to several days depending on the injury. But, as with many situations, too much of a good thing may be bad. Recommendations are often made to reduce the inflammation (using anti-inflammatory medication etc); however, given that inflammation may be critical for proper healing, artificially dampening it may not be wise.
Having said that, it seems sensible to avoid excessive inflammation. As such, some nutritionists recommend avoiding the consumption of too much omega-6 fat following injury, and increasing omega-3 fat consumption. Omega-3 fats are found primarily in fish oils, flax seed oils, walnuts, etc, so supplements are often recommended. Omega-6 fats are commonly found in vegetable oils.
However, these recommendations seem to be based entirely on test tube studies. Given this limitation, and since we still don't fully understand the inflammatory process, no solid recommendations can be made here.
Perhaps it is best to go with a 'first do no harm' or risk/benefit approach; decreasing sunflower, corn and cottonseed oil in the diet is not much of a burden and, if the theory is true, it may help avoid excessive inflammation following an injury.
Muscle loss
During immobility, the most obvious change is a loss of muscle mass leading to reduced muscle function. Inactivity results in rapid muscle loss and the primary metabolic factor leading to muscle loss is decreased muscle protein, particularly myofibrillar protein creation. Interestingly – perhaps surprisingly to many – protein breakdown also decreases, at least in humans. However, the decrease in muscle protein synthesis is greater than the decrease in muscle protein breakdown, thus the muscle is in overall negative protein balance.
Muscle protein balance is the metabolic mechanism responsible for changes in muscle mass. Negative overall muscle protein balance over any given time means that muscle protein is being lost. Thus, nutritional interventions should focus on alleviating, as much as possible, the decrease in muscle protein synthesis so that any period of negative muscle protein balance is minimised.
Increased protein intake is often the first nutritional countermeasure considered for muscle loss. It is well known that protein or essential amino acid intake increases muscle protein synthesis, both at rest and following exercise, resulting in positive muscle protein balance. However, protein intake may not have the same impact during inactivity.
Previously, studies in elderly human subjects demonstrated that the muscle was resistant to the anabolic stimulus of amino acids. An investigation by researchers from McMaster University in Canada recently demonstrated that immobility decreases the ability of myofibrillar proteins to respond to amino acids (1). So, not only does immobilisation decrease basal levels of muscle protein synthesis, but the muscle also fails to respond properly to protein intake. Therefore, increased protein intake during inactivity may not have the impact on maintenance of muscle mass that could be expected from studies on active, healthy muscle.
Whereas increased protein intake seems to have little impact on loss of muscle mass and strength in inactive muscle (known as anabolic resistance), there is an intervention that could, at least potentially, decrease this resistance. Leucine (an amino acid building block of protein) is well known to increase protein synthesis in cell culture and rat studies, and despite rather vague support for the effectiveness of leucine during muscle anabolism (see PP 265), may also help overcome the anabolic resistance of muscle protein synthesis.Studies in elderly humans indicate that the anabolic resistance may be overcome by increasing the leucine content of ingested amino acids (2). Furthermore, the rat studies used to study the effect of leucine on muscle protein synthesis used a catabolic model, meaning muscle protein synthesis is decreased. In fact, leucine ingestion typically increases muscle protein synthesis back to normal levels. Together, these studies show that the anabolic signalling pathways in muscle are inhibited in these 'catabolic situations', thus reducing protein creation.
To date, no study has specifically examined the impact of ingesting extra leucine along with protein on muscle protein synthesis and muscle loss in immobilised human muscle. However, it is intriguing to consider and may be worth a try. Of course, the amount of leucine in relation to the protein and other details of such an intervention would need to be determined by experimentation.
Energy expenditure
Another important consideration during injury-induced immobilisation is the total energy intake (ie calories consumed). By necessity, the total energy expenditure is likely to decrease during immobility. Depending on which limb is immobilised, a substantial decrease in total energy expenditure is likely because exercise is more difficult or less convenient. Furthermore, a more subtle reduction in energy expenditure may stem from reduced protein turnover. Muscle protein synthesis and breakdown are both energy-requiring processes; if these are processes are suppressed as a result of injury, energy requirements may be further reduced. This fact contributes to the necessity for many injured athletes to dramatically reduce energy intake to avoid weight gain.
However, there are factors to consider here. Firstly, it is clear that during the healing process, energy expenditure is increased by as much as 20%, particularly early on and if the injury is severe. So, whereas the total energy intake may still need to be reduced, the reduction in calorie intake may not need to be severe.
Another factor related to calorie intake is the energy cost of moving around. If an injury results in the need for crutches to get about, the energy cost can be dramatically increased. This increase results from the fact that, per unit of distance covered, walking with crutches increases energy expenditures two to three times over that of regular walking. Depending on how much 'crutching' is done, the energy intake may not need to go down by much at all.
Energy intake during immobilisation also may have an impact on muscle protein synthesis. Care is needed to ensure the decrease in energy intake is not so great that optimal muscle protein synthesis is impaired, because decreased protein synthesis is the major contributor to muscle loss. Obviously, the proper balance should be sought, but I suggest that a small amount of weight gain may be preferable to a lack of calorie intake to support proper muscle healing and prevent muscle protein loss.
Although muscle loss is the obvious concern during inactivity, tendons and ligaments are also affected by immobilisation. Tendons are composed primarily of the connective tissue protein, collagen. Immobilisation results in changes in the way that tendons move, which are associated with decreased tendon collagen synthesis (3).
There is very little known about nutritional influences on tendon metabolism in any situation; for example, we know that tendon and muscle collagen synthesis rates do not respond to increased amino acid intakes (from protein) (4), suggesting that protein feeding would have little impact on tendons.
Bone collagen synthesis (an important aspect of bone healing), on the other hand, does respond to increased amino acid levels (4). So although this intervention has not been studied in humans, there is reason to believe (theoretically at least) that protein feeding may enhance bone formation. We also know that sufficient intakes of calcium and vitamin D during healing from fractures are important for optimal bone formation.
Rehabilitation and hypertrophy
The functional situation and metabolic requirements during the rehabilitation stage may be very different from that during enforced inactivity of the limb (see figure 2). It's likely that the overall energy expenditure will increase to a greater or lesser degree. Muscles that have atrophied will begin to hypertrophy with increased activity. Moreover, muscle protein synthesis requires a lot of energy, which will further increase energy requirements. And although perhaps a bit counterintuitive, there is ample evidence that muscle protein breakdown is increased during rehabilitation-induced muscle growth, probably to improve muscle remodelling.
These increases in muscle turnover will contribute to increased energy requirements during recovery, so energy intake needs to increase to some extent – perhaps significantly, depending on the injury and associated immobilisation. One certainty is that given the context of protein metabolism necessary for muscle hypertrophy, energy intake should not be restricted.
Increased protein turnover may be supported by increased protein intake and it is clear that increased amino acid availability following exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis resulting in positive net muscle protein balance (leading to muscle growth). Despite some ambiguous results, a recent study suggested that increased protein intake enhances recovery from immobilisation (5). However, how much protein to include in the diet is still a big question mark and future studies are needed to shed more light on this question.
In healthy, young males, muscle hypertrophy occurs with much less dietary protein than many believe necessary (eg 1.2g/per kilo of bodyweight per day). Certainly, as long as it fits within any total calorie intake limits and does not restrict the amount of carbohydrate or essential fat intake, elevating protein intake may not be a problem.
However, the notion that increasing protein intake results in a proportional increase in muscle size and function is not supportable. Other factors may be more important. For example, the timing of protein intake in relation to exercise, the type of protein ingested, other nutrients ingested at the same time, and interactions between these factors all influence the utilisation of the amino acids from ingested protein(6). Thus, the total amount of protein may not be the most important nutritional factor influencing muscle hypertrophy.
The bulk of our discussion so far has focused on protein and energy but other nutrients are often touted as important for optimal recovery from inactivity. However, as with many aspects of sports nutrition, there is little solid evidence from studies directly addressing exercise-induced injury. In healthy, young individuals, creatine supplementation clearly resulted in enhanced recovery of muscle mass and function following casting (7). However, a study of knee surgery patients found no difference in these factors when creatine was supplemented (8).
It's not difficult to imagine that the injury per se may impact the metabolic response in the body, thus rendering the creatine less effective following an injury. Any metabolic mechanism for this difference is not easily examined, though, and has certainly never been demonstrated. Thus, the jury is still out on creatine.
It's worth adding a cautionary note for a few particular substances. Anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly taken following an injury, especially during the early stages. However, the use of these drugs should be minimised. There is ample evidence that anti-inflammatory medication can hamper and delay the healing process in soft tissues, such as muscles, tendons and ligaments, as well as bone fractures.
Some people have suggested oxidative stress plays a major and detrimental role in muscle wastage during inactivity. However, there is no evidence for this role and antioxidant supplements are unnecessary and could even be undesirable. Indeed, avoiding antioxidant supplements may be particularly important during the rehabilitation phase of injury, since oxidative stress in response to exercise is known to contribute to the healing process. Finally, whereas a cold beer every now and again is unlikely to cause problems, there is evidence that excessive alcohol can impair muscle protein synthesis and delay healing. Thus, despite the temptation to drown the frustrations of being injured, alcohol intake should be minimised!
Kevin Tipton is a senior lecturer in exercise metabolism in the School of Sport and Exercise Sciences at the University of Birmingham UK
1. J Physiol 27-10-2008;
2. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 291:E381-E387
3. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2005; 5:41-52
4. Exp Physiol 2005; 90:427-436
5. J Orthop Res 2006; 24:2114-2123
6. Eur J Sports Sci 2008; 8:107-118
7. J Physiol 15-10-2001; 536:625-633
8. Am J Sports Med 2004; 32:383-388


text:
By Patsy R. Brumfield/NEMS Daily Journal
TUPELO – A $2-million jail brutality lawsuit against Lee County, Tupelo, jail and police officials was dismissed Monday without settlement.
The case, brought by Larry J. Waites, also spawned a job action lawsuit by a sheriff's employee, who was fired after she witnessed and reported the beating.
"It's over," said attorney John Hill, who represented the city. "It appears that Mr. Waites and his attorney just decided it wasn't in their best interests to continue with the lawsuit."
Waites was arrested after a traffic stop on Nov. 25, 2006 for, among other things, first-offense driving under the influence. Six police cruisers transported or escorted him to the Lee County Jail, where he alleges he was illegally strip searched and assaulted with fists and Tasers.
Waites filed his lawsuit Nov. 25, 2009, claiming deprivation of his constitutional rights. He said he suffered severe pain, lost wages and mental stress from the incident.
Monday's order in U.S. District Court stated that both sides asked for the court to dismiss the lawsuit "with prejudice," which means it cannot be brought again.
Attorneys for Waites and Lee County could not be reached for comment.
In a subsequent lawsuit, Shelia Shumpert alleged that she was fired from her job at the Lee County Juvenile Detention Center when she witnessed Waites' beating, reported it to her supervisor and a Tupelo Police official, City Councilwoman Nettie Davis and then an attorney.
Sheriff Jim Johnson and other jail officials insisted she violated department policy by her contacts. In June 2008, a federal jury awarded Shumpert $34,000.
Later the award was settled to help Shumpert, who faced financial difficulties in a lengthy appeal process.


text:
Friday, October 11, 2013 - Wank Party 2013 #08, Part 2
Latest Castings at WilliamHiggins.com
Martin Bacil lives in Prague. He is a very nice looking guy. With a slim frame he looks good as he strips off for the camera. Then he shows off a hot ass, with a great show of his tight hole. He looks good from the front too, with a decent sized cock. It will look very good when he gets it fully erect.
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Tonda Masak is a tall, very good looking guy from Ostrava. He is not only handsome, but also has a very good body too. He strips off and shows that hot body and then kneels to show off his big, hot ass. Then he makes some very good wood too, his cock standing out proudly from his body. Very nice indeed.
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Gregor Pozde is from Lestina. He is a good looking guy who readily strips off for his casting, showing off quite a reasonable body too. His cock grows very nicely to a very impressive thickness. Then he lays back on the sofa and pulls his legs up to show off his hot ass hole too.
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text: Wind surfers need to upgrade their setup from time to time to take advantage of new innovative features on the market and improve their performance out on the water. The Chinook Windsurfing Mast Extension 19 will do just that and more, featuring a durable and stylish mast that will provide optimal performance. The mast features a quick adjust hinged collar with no parts to lose and features a power haul pulley and cleat system with line stows and push pin loading ramps.


text:
John Ross (Josh Henderson) uses a sex tape to force someone to make a deal; Sue Ellen (Linda Gray) continues her run for Governor; Christopher (Jesse Metcalfe) tries to get his marriage to Rebecca (Julie Gonzalo) annulled; J.R. (Larry Hagman) conspires with his son to take over Ewing Energies; and Ann (Brenda Strong) gets shocking news from her past — something she has never told Bobby (Patrick Duffy). It's just another day in "Dallas" when the two-hour second season premiere airs tonight on TNT.
DVR the Season Premiere of "Dallas"
Happily for fans of the updated "Dallas," Hagman, who died from complications from leukemia last November, will appear in the first half of the season, and J.R. will be just as dastardly and scheming as ever. And, as previously announced, his death will be dealt with in a "Who Killed J.R.?" storyline.
"His spirit is going to live on," Henderson tells XfinityTV.com in an exclusive interview. "I think he is always going to be haunting John Ross, he is always going to be haunting Sue Ellen, and he is always going to be haunting Bobby in a certain way — good or bad. I think we are going to see things stemming from J.R.'s life and what he would want for the Ewing family for years to come."
One of the hardest hit by J.R.'s death will be Bobby, who in Season 1 was at death's door himself with a brain aneurism. While he was in a coma, J.R. entered his hospital room and told him, "You can't die because I don't know who I am without you." Now Bobby will have to face that reality.
"We are who we are as characters — Bobby and J.R. — because of our relationship with each other," Duffy exclusively tells XfinityTV.com. "It is a yin and yang kind of thing; a good and bad. Without one, the other one is sort of flailing around, and I have a feeling that will be explored for a couple of episodes. I think [executive producer Cynthia Cidre] is going to have Bobby come to some nadir and then she is going to solve that dilemma and maintain his job. I have always said that Bobby's job is to be the moral compass for the show and to be the wise decision maker."
Catch Up on Full Episodes of "Dallas" on XFINITYTV.com
As astute as Bobby normally is, his wife's secret will propel him into a face-off with Harris Ryland (Mitch Pileggi), who is a series regular in Season 2, as well as a definite evil influence. And while Duffy thinks there may be some marital discord as a result, "with Bobby being who he is, eventually — I don't know how many episodes it will take — they resolve whatever problem that she created by not telling him."
As for Christopher, who is also one of the White Hats, this season he dances a bit on the dark side and considers taking actions that compromise his ethics. One such deed, is recruiting spies to check up on his cousin John Ross, but mid-season Metcalfe promises Christopher ups the ante.
"It becomes a very tricky situation with the running of Ewing Energies because some other players become involved and also Sue Ellen becomes more involved with Ewing Energies," he says. "We also end up bringing on Elena [Jordana Brewster] in a bigger capacity."
Sadly for John Ross, he didn't get to spend as much time worshipping at the feet of the master — J.R. — as he would have liked, and his fantasy of one day being able to one-up his father will never come to pass. That said, he very much mourns J.R.'s passing because as cockily confident as he pretends to be, he is not quite ready to take on all the schemes that will be necessary to win control of Ewing Energies on his own.
"But at the end of the day, he knows what he wants, and now, because of J.R.'s passing, that just fuels his fire that much more to carry on his father's legacy and to be the new head of the Ewing family. He is going to stop at nothing to achieve that," Henderson says.
Toward that goal, John Ross finds an unexpected ally in Rebecca, whose secret is revealed, blowing up the stakes in Christopher's attempts to get an annulment. Even though John Ross knows that working with her is a huge no-no — his father would disown him if he found out that he was cavorting with Cliff's (Ken Kercheval) daughter, he considers taking the plunge.
"He knows this is a stealthy move and a chess piece that he can have in his pocket that no one would expect, but he also is at a vulnerable place, but a place where he is all about business," Henderson says. "Elena broke his heart. He has to stare at her and Christopher every day at the office. He is vengeful and on a mission."
Season 2 of "Dallas" premieres Monday, January 28 at 9/8c on TNT.


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Puppy: Emma
Friends: 8
Member Since: September 15, 2010
Add to FriendsEmma is a chocolate brown Newfoundland. Her favorite activites are going for walks and meeting people, sleeping on her back on top of the various A.C. floor vents in our house and hunkering down with a bully stick. She's quite the character and seems to love to have her picture taken.
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A prison guard accused of having sex with an inmate who killed two policemen has given birth.
Her attorney tells the Daily News that Nancy Gonzalez delivered a baby boy late Thursday on Long Island.
Gonzalez was arrested in February. She's charged with having an unlawful sexual relationship with an inmate while working at a federal detention center in Brooklyn.
Her attorney said previously that Gonzalez has had a tragic life and made poor decisions.
Ronell Wilson was convicted in the point-blank shootings of undercover officers James Nemorin and Rodney Andrews in a 2006 gun sting.
He initially was sentenced to death, but his sentence was overturned on appeal.
Published at 11:48 AM EDT on Mar 22, 2013 | Updated at 11:49 AM EDT on Mar 22, 2013


text: The Royals Are Selling Bottled Water From The Kauffman Stadium FountainSamer Kalaf4/06/14 10:11amFiled to: kansas city royalskauffman stadiumwater142EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalinkHey, Royals fans: Your team's shop is selling small bottles of water from Kauffman Stadium's fountain, because they don't respect your intelligence.AdvertisementGet one of these undrinkable water bottles for just $19.99, so you can tell everyone how you bought a bottle of water for almost $20 because it came from a baseball park. That'll go over well.The description persuades you to "[t]ake a piece of Kauffman Stadium home with you." There are other (legal) ways to take a piece of Kauffman Stadium home with you. Hell, a much larger bottle of water from one of the concession stands would be much cheaper. And technically, it's also a piece of Kauffman Stadium.Advertisement[The Big Lead]Reply14 repliesLeave a reply


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SHOWROOM Finland OY Vanha talvitie 15 b 00580 Helsinki | Finland Tel.: +358 10 5261 600 Fax: +358 10 2960 269
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Tuukka Halonen is a highly talented designer with over 15 years experience in commercial design environment. He graduated from Royal College of Art in London 1998. Years 2000 - 2004 he worked in the design department at [...]
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Plywood pendant lamp
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One of the art world's most recognizable images — Edvard Munch's "The Scream" — sold Wednesday for a record $119,922,500 at auction in New York City.
The 1895 artwork — a modern symbol of human anxiety — was sold at Sotheby's. The price includes the buyer's premium.
The image of a man holding his head and screaming under a streaked, blood-red sky is one of four versions by the Norwegian expressionist painter. The auctioned piece at Sotheby's is the only one left in private hands.
The previous record for an artwork sold at auction was $106.5 million for Picasso's "Nude, Green Leaves, and Bust," sold by Christie's in 2010.
The image has become part of pop culture, "used by everyone from Warhol to Hollywood to cartoons to teacups and T-shirts," said Michael Frahm of the London-based art advisory service firm Frahm Ltd.
"Together with the Mona Lisa, it's the most famous and recognized image in art history," he added.
Sotheby's said its pastel-on-board version of "The Scream" is the most colorful and vibrant of the four and the only version whose frame was hand-painted by the artist to include his poem, detailing the work's inspiration.
In the poem, Munch described himself "shivering with anxiety" and said he felt "the great scream in nature."
Norwegian businessman Petter Olsen, whose father was a friend and patron of the artist, said he sold the piece because he felt "the moment has come to offer the rest of the world the chance to own and appreciate this remarkable work."
Proceeds from the sale will go toward the establishment of a new museum, art center and hotel in Hvitsten, Norway, where Olsen's father and Munch were neighbors.
The director of the National Museum in Oslo, Audun Eckhoff, says Norwegian authorities approved the Munch sale since the other versions of the composition are in Norwegian museums. One version is owned by the National Museum and two others by the Munch Museum, also in Oslo.
Sotheby's said a total of eight works have sold for $80 million or more at auction.
Only two other works besides Picasso's "Nude, Green Leaves, and Bust" have sold for more than $100 million at auction. Those are Picasso's "Boy With a Pipe (The Young Apprentice)" for $104.1 million in 2004 and Alberto Giacometti's "Walking Man I" for $104.3 million in 2010.


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St. John for Marie Gray
1 review
100% would repurchase
Package Quality: 5.0
Price: $$$$
Package Quality: 5.0
Price: $$$$
Where to Buy
Start your review
Age: 36-43
Skin: Combination, Tan, Warm
Hair: Brown, Curly, Medium
Eyes: Brown
Product Description:
Launched by the design house of St John in 1994, ST JOHN PERFUME is classified as a luxurious, oriental, floral fragrance. This feminine scent possesses a blend of flowers of the orient combined with honeysuckle, jasmine and gardenia, with lower notes of amber, apricot, sandalwood and musk. It is recommended for romantic wear. ST. JOHN Perfume by Marie Gray for women.
My Thoughts:
As this product is discontinued, it is rare find! I love all exotic oriental fragrances with Sandalwood and this one fits the bill. Definitely a mature scent for the brave at heart. This was a gift to me from my boss after her mother passed and was one of her mother's signature fragrances. I am glad to now have a piece of history.
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In case there was any lingering doubt about the authenticity of yesterday's iPhone 4 leak, a letter from computing giant Apple has confirmed that Gizmodo's scoop is the real deal.
In a letter to the website, Apple's senior VP Bruce Sewell states:
"It has come to our attention that Gizmodo is currently in possession of a device that belongs to Apple. The letter constitutes a formal request that you return the device to Apple. Pleas let me know where to pick up the unit."
In reply, editor Brian Lam explained: "Now that we definitely know it's not some knockoff, and it really is Apple's, I'm happy to see it returned to its rightful owner. P.S. I hope you take it easy on the kid who lost it. I don't think he loves anything more than Apple."
Gizmodo had earlier revealed how it came to acquire the highly valuable prototype. It was mistakenly left in a bar by Apple software engineer Gray Powell, who was testing the phone's usability 'in the field'.


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What is the best format to convert videos to For Smallest File Size and be able to upload to youtube?
DivX video encoder can really compress the size and keep most of the quality, however one problem is, is that it leaves a watermark, a small, pretty transparent watermark, but still, if you can't stand small watermarks, then you can just change the Bit Rate to maybe 700 if you want low quality but decent quality. Code: http://www.divx.com
Is it a good idea to upload .FLV files to youtube as long as you rehash/rename the video? or are .FLV more likely to get catch by youtube?
when converting a video you have to first pick a format like .mpg or mp4 then what about the other options? like the encoding and other stuff? say if i have a 4MB .FLV file and now i convert to .mpg, it will be triple in size? what other things can you do to have the file size small? I need to keep the file size low but still have decent quality. so would it be a good idea to first convert to .mpg then after im done editing the audio/video then i should convert it back to .flv? or the .mpg file size will still be small?


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Chick-fil-A Newport News
Address & Contacts
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(757) 249-3427
12300 Jefferson Ave Spc 740-F1
23602 Newport News
12300 Jefferson Ave Spc 740-F1
23602 Newport News
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- Chick-fil-A in Yorktown 5003a Victory Blvd
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- Latitude : 37.11239
- Longitude : -76.49537
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UB Air Pollution Wiki
- 1 Purpose
- 2 Wiki News
- 3 Recent Events/Proposal Calls/Presentations on UB Air Pollution
- 4 Peer-Reviewed Scientific Literature on UB Air Pollution
- 5 Conference Proceedings, Abstracts and Webinars on UB Air Pollution
- 6 Organization Reports
- 7 Data Files
- 8 Peer-Reviewed Literature on Air Pollution/Atmospheric Science(Review/General Papers)
- 9 Useful Links
- 10 Site Use Tracking
- 11 Picture Gallery
The purpose of this Wiki is to provide a centralized location for data pertaining to air pollution in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The site was created in order to benefit the local UB air pollution research community, scientists abroad looking for data on UB air pollution, and for general academic use. See something missing? You are encouraged to contribute information/data to this Wiki!
New Account Creation Procedure: To reduce spam to the site, we are changing the procedure for account creation. Please email Christa Hasenkopf at Christa<dot>Hasenkopf><at>Colorado<dot>edu for an account.
We would like to acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation International Research Fellowship and the NSF-PEER program for their support in funding research related to this wiki.
Wiki News
- NEW UB AQ FACEBOOK AND TWITTER FEED - Start following UB_Air on Twitter or Facebook!
- MOST RECENT UPDATE TO NEWS PAGE (12 Jan 2014) Check it out!
- There is now a photo section to the wiki, in which photos related to UB Air Pollution can be added. Thanks to John Stampfl for adding the section and contributing the first photo!
Recent Events/Proposal Calls/Presentations on UB Air Pollution
Please post upcoming presentations on UB Air Pollution studies (or related studies) here. Also, if a recent presenter wants to put up links to a powerpoint, that would be great too.
- Recent Events (presentations over 12 months old may be deleted):
- Ulaanbaatar Gestation and Air Pollution Research (UGAAR) Study by Simon Fraser University
- There was be a talk by Simon Fraser Prof. Ryan Allen on the health effects at the 22 Jan American Center Speaker Series. More information here
- A Recent WHO Air Pollution Survey ranks UB as one of the most polluted cities in the world, in terms of PM10 and PM2.5. Check out this article in the Washington Post. Or check out the actual data set in the Data Files section below.
- Download this flyer (pdf) in Монгол Xэл, in English, and combined, containing a short overview of air pollution in UB. Thanks to Gerelmaa G. for translating!
- (Also listed under "DATA" below, thanks to John Stampfl): Check out the latest air quality conditions: Up-to-date Air Quality Measurments by the Air Quality Department, Capital City, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Air Pollution in Ulaanbaatar: Public Health Impacts and Research Opportunities by Prof. Ryan Allen at the American Center for Mongolia Studies Speaker Series, 22 Jan 2013
- UB air pollution presentation by S. Lodoysamba at the Green Bell NGO in January 2013 (7mb)
- USAID and NSF partner up to offer the PEER program! If you're a scientist from a developing country and know an NSF-supported scientist, you can team up with them to get funds to study in areas where NSF and USAID have mutual interests (e.g. global health issues, climate change impacts, and food security).
- In collaboration with the Mongolian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization, Dr. Anne Riederer, a AAAS Sci & Tech fellow at the EPA, gave a workshop on Lifecycle Assessment, applied to stoves. The workshop was chocked full of resources (powerpoints, TRACI model, user manual, references). There was also an interesting presentation about mass-implementation of new stoves this winter by Mr. Batsaikhan, Vice Director of Air Quality agency of the Capital City. Information from the workshop they can be accessed here.
- The National University of Mongolia hosted The 5th Annual International Workshop on Applications of Remote Sensing and Space Science, June 6-7, 2011. There were some presentations on air pollution. You can check out the schedule here or visit: http://ssmongolia.yolasite.com/
- Air Pollution Studies in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: First Steps by Christa Hasenkopf at ACMS in May 2011. (Note: File is large: ~40Mb)
Peer-Reviewed Scientific Literature on UB Air Pollution
- Seasonal ambient air pollution correlates strongly with spontaneous abortion in Mongolia, BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
- Prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis among adult population in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Asia Pacific Allergy
- (Commentary) Environmental pollution in Mongolia: Effects across the lifespan, Environmental Research
- Chemical characteristics of fine particulate matters measured during severe winter haze events in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
- Land use patterns and SO2 and NO2 pollution in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Environmental Research
- Particulate pollution in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health
- Air Particulate Matter Pollution in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia, International Journal of PIXE
- Dust, biomass burning smoke, and anthropogenic aerosol detected by polarization-sensitive Mie lidar measurements in Mongolia, Atmospheric Environment
- The influence of emission sources and meteorological conditions on SO2 pollution in Mongolia, Atmospheric Environment
- Air particulate matter pollution in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: determination of composition, source contributions and source locations, Atmospheric Pollution Research
- An assessment of air pollution and its attributable mortality in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health
- A major conclusion from the paper: It estimates 1 in 10 deaths in Ulaanbaatar is attributable to the city's air pollution.
- A non-technical article on the paper
- Carbon monoxide pollution and lung function in urban compared with rural Mongolian children, Respirology
- Chemical composition of urban airborne particulate matter in Ulaanbaatar, Atmospheric Environment
- The willingness to pay for mortality risk reductions in Mongolia, Resource and Energy Economics
- (Not specifically on UB air pollution; nevertheless, important for understanding the ambient aerosol) What caused a recent increase in dust outbreaks over East Asia?, "Geophysical Research Letters"
- Hygroscopic property of water-soluble organic-enriched aerosols in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia during the cold winter of 2007, Atmospheric Environment
- Air pollution and meteorological processes in the growing dryland city of Urumqi (Xinjiang, China), Sci. Total Environ.
- This study briefly mentions UB air pollution
- Organic and inorganic aerosol compositions in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, during the cold winter of 2007 to 2008: Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres
Conference Proceedings, Abstracts and Webinars on UB Air Pollution
- Courtenay Engelke, Henrik Wallman, Improved Heating Stoves for Air Pollution Reduction in Mongolia Webinar hosted by Winrock International and the U.S. EPA, July 12, 2012
- S.Lodoysamba, C.Pemberton-Pigott, Mitigation of Ulaanbaatar city's Air Pollution-From Source Apportionment to Ultra-Low Emission Lignite Burning Stoves, The Presentation Proceedings of International Conference on Domestic Use of Energy, 11-13 April 2011, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
- Lodoysamba S., Steinar Larssen, Gerelmaa. G., Li Liu, Shagjjamba, D. and Jostein Nygaard Results of PM Air Pollution Baseline and Source Apportionment Study of Ulaanbaatar City of Mongolia, Proceedings of A&WMA International Specialty Conference Leapfrogging Opportunities for Air Quality Improvement, May 10-14, 2010, Xi'An Shaanxi Province, China, p187-193 (~40Mb)
Organization Reports
- Impact Evaluation Results of the MCA Mongolia Energy and Environment Project Energy-Efficient Stove Subsidy Program , Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Annex Mongol Hel
- Air Pollution and Health in Ulaanbaatar Final Project Report prepared for the Ministry of the Environment and Green Development, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Pilot Study of Fuel and Stove Use Behavior of Mongolian Ger Households Submitted to the Millennium Challenge Corporation
- Air quality analysis of Ulaanbaatar : improving air quality to reduce health impacts, The World Bank
- Mongolia Heating in Poor, Peri-urban Ger Areas of Ulaanbaatar, The World Bank
- Air Pollution in Ulaanbaatar Initial Assessment of Current Situation and Effects of Abatement Measures, The World Bank
- Urban Air Pollution Analysis for Ulaanbaatar, The World Bank Consultant Report, Sarath Guttikunda
- 2007-ENVIRONMENTAL OUTLOOK OF THE ULAANBAATAR CITY, United Nations Environment Program
- Country Synthesis Report on Urban Air Quality Managment - Mongolia, Asian Development Bank & Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (Discussion Draft)
- Impact of Improved Stoves on Indoor Air Quality in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, esmap.org (supported by World Bank)
- HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY, World Health Organization
- MONGOLIA : STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT 2002, United Nations Environment Program
Data Files
- Up-to-date Air Quality Measurments by the Air Quality Department, Capital City, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- WHO Global Outdoor Air Pollution Survey Database
- Joe Flasher's UB Air Pollution API (that calls data from the ub-air.info site): http://ubdata.cloudfoundry.com/
Lodoysamba-Hasenkopf PEER Project Preliminary Data
Please Note: This data is preliminary, unofficial, and subject to changes pending further analysis. Please contact Lodoysamba or Hasenkopf below before citing or using and/or if you have any questions.
- Preliminary PM10 and PM2.5 monthly average measurements at Zuun Ail (Please contact email@example.com before citing or using)
- Preliminary BC monthly average measurements at Zuun Ail, Sansar, and NUM (Please contact firstname.lastname@example.com before citing or using)
- Updated Preliminary PM2.5 monthly average measurements at Zuun Ail (Please contact email@example.com before citing or using)
Peer-Reviewed Literature on Air Pollution/Atmospheric Science(Review/General Papers)
(listed in chronological order)
- Environmental Accounting for Pollution in the United States Economy (Nicholas Z. Muller, Robert Mendelsohn and William Nordhaus , The American Economic Review, 2011)
- Air pollution, greenhouse gases and climate change: Global and regional perspectives (Ramanathan & Feng, Atmospheric Environment, 2009)
- Clean Air for Megacities (Parrish & Zhu, Science, 2009)
- University of Michigan Inhaling a heart attack: How air pollution can cause heart disease 2009)
- Review article on Black Carbon's effect on Global and Regional Climate (Ramanthan & Carmichael, Nature, 2008)
- Review on Aerosol as CCN (Andreae & Rosenfeld, Earth-Science Reviews, 2008)
- Flood or Drought: How Do Aerosols Affect Precipitation? - A Review (Rosenfeld, et al., Science, 2008)
- Excellent review on optical properties of Black Carbon (Bond & Bergstrom, Aerosol Sci & Tech, 2005)
- Particle Concentrations in Urban Microenvironments (Levy et al., Environmental Health Perspectives, 2000)
- Monitoring Personal Fine Particle Exposure with a Particle Counter (Brauer et al., Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Edidemiology,1999)
- Characterization of Particulate Matter and Hydrocarbon Emissions from In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines (Bulgarski, University of West Virginia, 1999)
- Classic paper on the Twomey Effect (Twomey, Atmospheric Environment, 1990)
Useful Links
Air Quality, The National Committee for the Reduction of Air Pollution, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Air Quality Department, Capital City, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Clean Air Foundation, the Special Foundation of the Government of Mongolia
The Clean Air Project, MCA-Mongolia
urbanemissions.info - Mongolia
Asian Development Bank - Mongolia
United Nations Development Programme - Mongolia
American Lung Association - USA
US Government Center for Disease Control - USA
Air Pollution website at the US CDC - USA
Environmental Health Perspectives Journal - USA
US Environmental Protection Agency, Particulate Matter webpage - USA
US Environmental Protection Agency homepage - USA
US Environmental Protection Agency Air Pollution webpage - USA
American College of Medical Toxicology - USA
Spare the Air in San Francisco - USA
U.S. EPA, NOAA, NPS, tribal, state, and local agencies information site - USA
Site Use Tracking
Check out the map below which shows the 688 cities from the 88 countries around the world that have produced approximately 76,500 hits since late April 2011! Do you know some important information missing from this site? Contribute and help share it across the world! (Source: Google Analytics, updated 29 Jul 2013)
Picture Gallery
UB Air Pollution Photos Taken by UB community
UB Air Pollution Photos Elsewhere Online
(Thanks to Delgerzul Lodoysamba for these contributions)