text:
West Brom on the trail of Leeds' Sam Byram
West Brom are keeping tabs on highly-rated Leeds defender Sam Byram as they plan for the summer transfer window.
Baggies boss Steve Clarke and assistant Keith Downing watched the 19-year-old full-back in action at Wolves on Saturday.
Albion are eyeing up potential long-term successors to current right-back Steven Reid and are believed to have added Byram to their 'watchlist'.
Byram only made his Football League debut in August but has been a virtual ever-present for Neil Warnock's side this season and has already carved out a reputation as one of the hottest prospects outside the Premier League. Everton are believed to be keen on the 6ft tall defender while neighbours Liverpool, who Albion face at Anfield tonight, are also thought to be monitoring the youngster.
He has made 38 appearances in the Leeds first team and can also operate as a winger or defensive midfielder.
Reid's Hawthorns contract has another 18 months to run and, fitness permitting, Albion believe the 31-year-old can continue to play a key role for Clarke's side.
And Billy Jones also hopes to push his claims for a regular berth in the side after impressing on occasions in the last two seasons as understudy for Reid.
Subscribe to our NewsletterComments for: "West Brom on the trail of Leeds' Sam Byram"
Do Lallytap
I really rate Byram and he is a fantastic prospect but he is playing first team football at Leeds, he has played every match and my guess is that if Albion do sign him then he will languish in the reserves like a few more great prospects we have had.
Sick of our players being linked to small prem clubs who would not even waste their time if leeds were back in prem.we need to get back as soon as.man u Liverpool man city Chelsea ect ect would love the likes of leeds utd on a Saturday rather than WBA Norwich Wigan,no disrespect to them clubs but the prem bosses do not want them in there when they can have leeds Sheffield wed forest.
SC Baggie
Whenever newspapers or other media show or say we are looking at someone that's it......you just know they are not coming to us.
looks to be a good player
also got the penalty against them clowns the weekend.
We Only Need One Half!
Kev R, saw your comments on the other side, posted in agreement, mine never got on and yours disappeared, whats that about?
Perhaps it was because they were as futile as all the other's. Ever thought of that?
I do not think the futility of a post is a benchmark for what is and isn`t allowed.
Should that be the case, the number of posts appearing on Albion related threads would diminish considerably, and for the better.
WONOH`s posts are always articulate and relevant, but like many others his efforts are binned when trying to retaliate to some obvious "baggie baiting"
CantelloRocket 78
Realist ( on fantasy island )-
Maybe we should all read your gems instead?
You posted on the wolves site-
'if Deano gets some quality defenders in, we'll also need some decent strikers to score goals....'
No ****, Sherlock? You after Paul Merson's job?
Ha ha ha ha ha.........
About as futile as your lots chance off staying in the fizzy pop league haha ever thought off that
We Only Need One Half!
Realist, you have managed to prove TWO Baggies right with ONE post, outstanding work, may I suggest in future it would be more prudent to post only when you know what you are talking about.
Now, shhhhhhhh!
CantelloRocket 78
Photo caption time-
KD- 'would you believe I had to suffer 6 years at this place?'
SC- 'you've got my deepest sympathy.I thought I was havin' a bad time lately........'
Bromham Baggie
Re: Photo. Does SC's companion have a particularly ill matched syrup? (Sorry, I live darn sarf)
No wig, thats for sure. Would you buy a wig that bad. COYB
We Only Need One Half!
Thank the lord for that, thought the article was going to say he was watching a Wolves player, can you imagine!!!!
psst CR, Ipswich still in front by a head, and Bristol City now making their move on the inside gaining ground!
CantelloRocket 78
I did go over to the Wolves site to 'have a word' with Khs, I then noticed some of the other fans were seriously comparing Bookie's odds for Wolves to be relegated-
with potentially tough matches on the horizon, they could actually hit bottom within the next two games-
where's me wallet.........? ;)
No thanks Steve we dont want to go down the villa route of no experience of the prem or top flight footie, but i would say that we should have sorted this postion out more thoroughly at the start of this campaign, which has cost us many points i feel.
we were looking at michu also.
Keith Downing (companion) does NOT wear a wig!
Very embarrassed I didn't recognize KD; even more embarassed I made that comment.
I'm very embarrassed I didn't recognize KD; even more embarrassed I made that comment.
Anything is better than Billy Jones who is good going forward but awful defending, if you watch the last few matches carefully 9/10 successful attacks on our defence have been through his side.
'The Class of 68'
Puzzled .....
..... SC want's to send Lukaku on, Downing's trying to explain, Steve we ain't -------.
Secret mission, they intend to pair Doyle up with Long.
E1 Baggie
Just to comment on a story in the sidebar - "West Brom boss Steve Clarke to draw line over Peter Odemwingie saga" - it should be UNDER not OVER. That's really irritating.
If he was coming we can assume he wont be now its in the press.
Do Lallytap
Odemwingie has drove to the Vatican to offer his services.
The club have said they refused him permission to go
I'll get me coat !
Do. DROVE!!!!!! What is he then a cowboy?
While I am on, any chance of having a word with Abbott's mate Costello.
He seems to be getting a little hysterical.
Do Lallytap
Drove = Past tense of drive...didn't they teach you anything at school ??
Do Lallytap
Drove = Past tense of drive, look it up clever one....didn't they teach you anything at school ?
CantelloRocket 78
Do Lallytap-
what school.......?


text:
- KCII Radio - http://kciiradio.com -
Crooked Creek Camp Holding Annual 5K Next Month
Posted By News On @ 6:24 am In Today's Local News, Today's Local Sports | Comments Disabled
Crooked Creek Christian Camp is getting ready to hold their third annual 5K Fun Run and Walk next month. Mary Lou Farmer from the camp says the purpose of this event is to help support their Campership Fund which helps to pay for part of a child's way to camp.
She says the course will be through the camp on the different lanes and trails. The early registration deadline is today and the cost is $20.
The race is taking place on Sunday, May 6th beginning at 4:30. To find out more information, look here [1].
Article printed from KCII Radio: http://kciiradio.com
URL to article: http://kciiradio.com/2012/04/crooked-creek-camp-holding-annual-5k-next-month/
URLs in this post:
[1] here: http://www.crookedcreekcamp.org/programs.html
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2005-2013 KCII Radio

subset: commoncrawl


text:
NEW YORK, N.Y.—The National Hockey League has upheld Buffalo Sabres forward Patrick Kaleta's 10-game suspension for an illegal check to the head of Columbus Blue Jackets defenceman Jack Johnson.
Kaleta had appealed the original ruling on the grounds that contact with Johnson's head was unavoidable.
Commissioner Gary Bettman dismissed Kaleta's appeal, siding with director of player safety Brendan Shanahan, who handed down the original penalty on Oct. 15. Shanahan said in his decision that Kaleta could have avoided contact with Johnson's head.
Maple Leafs put David Clarkson on third line
The punishment will cost Kaleta $152,439 (U.S.) in lost salary. Kaleta has already served four games of the ban and is eligible to return Nov. 2 against Anaheim.
Even though the suspension was upheld, Kaleta still has the option of taking his case to neutral discipline arbitrator James Oldham.
This isn't the first time Kaleta has been in trouble with the NHL. He was suspended for five games last season after he shoved New York Rangers centre Brad Richards from behind and into the boards. That ban cost Kaleta $72,000 in salary.
Kaleta was suspended two other times earlier in his career.


text:
Time Warner Cable Delivers TV Service in Sandyville, OH
You've probably discovered that Time Warner Cable is your Sandyville, OH TV provider. Let's go over TV use where you live. Most people still watch all their television programming on traditional TV screens. A much smaller percentage, however, use their smartphone, laptop or tablet device to enjoy their favorite TV shows. You've come to the right place to find a package for your TV preferences.
The programming Time Warner Cable offers in Sandyville, OH is second to none and personalized to your viewing habits. Unique features from Time Warner Cable like TWC TV™ let you log in and manage your DVR recordings online.


text:
From Poppy's Catster Photos
[ View profile page | Plus Photobook ]
| "My name is Poppy! I's such a lucky kitten 'cause I got rescued from the streets of NYC. Now I lives at Blind Cat Rescue in North Carolina and I's so very happy! Wanna be furriends??" | |||||||||||||||||||||
Leave A Comment | 1 person already has
Poppy, I loved holding and cuddling you this past Saturday. You certainly are a sweet little purrball!
I adore you!
I adore you!


text:
Thursday, November 1, 2012 - Friday, November 30, 2012
- Time: All Day
- Sponsor: Student Life
You may have noticed the advertising around campus with the slogan "Remember, Remember the month of Movember"!
Movember is a world-wide movement started in Australia several years ago as a charity event. Men shave their faces on November 1, then spend the month growing and grooming the most righteous and ridiculous moustaches. Women can also participate in this event by raising money and hosting events. Phi Kappa Psi encourages students and faculty alike to get involved in this new, worthy charity at Oxy.
Registration and information about sponsorship for this year's Movember can be found here: http://us.movember.com/
Information about related events at Oxy can be found here: http://www.facebook.com/MovemberAtOxy


text:
It is the "glue that holds often flaky single malts together," as Broom puts it.
Its flaky and slightly burned crust was reminiscent of crème brulee.
The phyllo cooks until golden, crisp, and flaky, and the cheesy spinach filling is addictive, to say the least.
They certainly were rich and flaky, without being greasy, and she said, less shortening was necessary when baking powder was used.
Mutton should be a dull red, and its fat white, hard, and flaky.
Trachea covered by a pseudo-membrane, continuous over most of its surface, but in places broken and flaky.
Plainer tartlets may be made with short, flaky, or other pastry.
Their hair is frizzled, crisp, flaky, and occasionally woolly.
The cake came out of the oven light and flaky and beautiful.
And there stirred far down within him the ghost of warmth, as from sparks lingering beneath a mound of flaky ash.
1570s, from flake + -y (2). Meaning "eccentric, crazy" first recorded 1959, said to be American English baseball slang, but probably from earlier druggie slang flake "cocaine" (1920s). Flake "eccentric person" is a 1968 back-formation from it.
The term 'flake' needs explanation. It's an insider's word, used throughout baseball, usually as an adjective; someone is considered 'flaky.' It does not mean anything so crude as 'crazy,' but it's well beyond 'screwball' and far off to the side of 'eccentric.' ["New York Times," April 26, 1964]
Related Terms
(Or "flakey") Subject to frequent lossage. This use is of course related to the common slang use of the word to describe a person as eccentric, crazy, or just unreliable. A system that is flaky is working, sort of - enough that you are tempted to try to use it - but fails frequently enough that the odds in favour of finishing what you start are low. Commonwealth hackish prefers dodgy.
[Jargon File]


text:
Top Definition
A word always used by Michel Swartjes. He tries to break someones hand, and shits while he is doing it. After that, there's coming a weird smell out of his pants.
Kom jochie, even kniele voor Swartjes!
by JeFFJuH
April 04, 2005
The Urban Dictionary Mug
One side has the word, one side has the definition. Microwave and dishwasher safe. Lotsa space for your liquids.
Buy the mugThe Urban Dictionary T-Shirt
Smooth, soft, slim fit American Apparel shirt. Custom printed. 100% fine jersey cotton, except for heather grey (90% cotton).
Buy the t-shirt


text:
All work is cast in California and adheres to the state's environmental standards.
All wood pedestals are made from sustainable or salvaged wood.
If an item shows as unavailable, please contact us.
Some works will require 4 - 6 weeks for casting.
Owl (medium)
Owl (medium)
2.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 inches
Each piece colored individually, creating slight variations in each finish.


text:
Opera's WebKit Browser, Coast, Available for iPhone
Apr 24, 2014, 7:45 AM by Eric M. Zeman @phonescooper
Opera Software today made its Coast browser available to the Apple iPhone. The browser, which is based on the WebKit standard, has been available to the iPad since last year. Coast offers an alternative browsing experience with a simplified home screen, visual search that provides animated text suggestions, and tools that make it simple to access recently visited sites, and share menu information. The browser includes a wide number of wallpapers, iCloud syncing of home screen tiles, and a Stuff We Like section for viewing popular content from across the web. Opera is also offering an updated version of Coast for the iPad, which includes improved security and stability, improved search functions, faster launch times and animations, and support for more types of icons. Opera first announced its intent to switch to WebKit in February 2013, and has slowly been bringing WebKit-based browsers to the market since. Apple uses WebKit in its own Safari browser, and Google uses WebKit in its Chrome browser. Opera still offers its older Opera browser to Android smartphones and Opera Mini to the iPhone.
more info at Opera »
more info at iTunes »
Opera Coast, Alternatives Browser for iPhone Has Been Released
Basically, it's good for iPad and iPhone users, application updates Opera Coast version 3.0 will bring many new features for both include suggestions for finding popular sites. This application is also updated to make performance improvements in search and start up faster than ever. In addition, the update version 3.0 is also equipped with the ability to reload a specific site when the network is weak or no network at all. Lastly, there is a new feature in Opera Coast 3.0 also can allow you to navigate certain popular content easily.
news source : http://settingcomputers.blogspot.com/2014/04/ opera-coast-alterna...


text:
BRIEF-Israel Corp says consolidated net income for Q4 was $3 million
* Israel Corp. Reports results for the fourth quarter and 2016
* June same-store sales seen up 3.6 percent -Thomson Reuters
* Costco same-store sales up 6 percent, top Wall Street forecast
* L Brands same-store sales flat, below expectations
By Jessica Wohl
July 11 Sales at U.S. retailers, including Costco Wholesale Corp and the company that runs Victoria's Secret, suggest that overall U.S. consumer spending is improving while discretionary spending may remain under pressure.
Analysts expect a 3.6 percent rise in June sales at stores open at least a year across the 11 U.S. chains that report this data each month, according to Thomson Reuters. That would be stronger than the 3.4 percent increase seen in May 2013 and a decline of 1.8 percent in June 2012.
According to Thomson Reuters, a 3 percent increase in same-store sales reflects healthy consumer spending.
U.S. consumer sentiment improved in late June, ending the month close to a nearly six-year high set in May, with the optimism more marked among higher-income families.
Costco said its same-store sales rose 6 percent last month, surpassing analysts' expectations of a 5.4 percent increase, which were the highest expectations for any company reporting. Members pay annual fees of up to $110 to shop at the chain's cavernous warehouse stores.
"We get no sense from the company's results that it is feeling any macroeconomic pressure at all," said Cowen & Co analyst Faye Landes, who has a "market perform" rating on Costco shares.
Sterne Agee analyst Charles Grom said visits to Costco's warehouses remained strong at nearly 5 percent and that the results surpassed expectations despite extreme heat on the West Coast, which has kept shoppers away in the past.
Not all of the results were as strong as those from Costco.
L Brands Inc, the parent company of chains such as Victoria's Secret and Bath & Body Works, said same-store sales were flat, missing Wall Street's expectations of a 2 percent increase and the company's own forecast for a low-single digit percentage rise.
Same-store sales at Victoria's Secret stores fell 1 percent after rising 11 percent a year earlier.
Still, L Brands said sales of regularly priced merchandise rose at Victoria's Secret, whose clearance discounts were not as aggressive as a year earlier. The company expects its overall July same-store sales to rise in a low-single digit range.
Same-store sales at teen chain Buckle Inc and clothing and accessories retailer Cato Corp both missed expectations.
Cato still expects its quarterly profit to decline as same-store sales have been volatile so far this year, in part because of economic uncertainty and unseasonable weather, said Chief Executive Officer John Cato.
"We believe this uncertainty will continue, and we remain cautious as we look toward the second half of the year," he said.
On Wednesday, Family Dollar Stores Inc said it expected its customers to remain under financial pressure and hold back from purchases that are not absolutely necessary. The discount chain expects its same-store sales to rise 2 percent this quarter after increasing 2.9 percent in the three months ended June 1.
At its peak in 2006, the monthly same-store sales index included 68 companies led by Wal-Mart Stores Inc, making it a much more significant gauge of consumer spending than the current group of 11.
Gap Inc plans to report its June sales after the market closes on Thursday afternoon.


text:
Item PM31
This Item was Sold on 30 September
2014 for $14.30
Similar artifacts for sale are often found on the Panama
Molas web page.
Historical Pricing information for this item and similar artifacts
can be found at: Historical Artifact
This is a vintage mola made in the 1960s or earlier . It
was made out of two layers of cloth using an embroidery
technique called reverse appliqué. Most of the cloth
from these early molas came from the country of Colombia.
This mola has a pre-Columbian matrix design with two rows of
square waves filled with vertical hash marks. This mola is
unusual in that the two primary layers are machine stitched,
but the secondary colors are hand stitched (see bottom
photo). I remember some of the wealthier Kuna Indians on the
big islands having foot peddled treadle sewing machines.
This mola was probably made by hand stitching the secondary
layers and then machine stitching the two primary layers
together. I personally collected this mola between 1955 and
1968, so I guarantee that it is not a modern reproduction.
This mola would display well on a wall if mounted into a
frame. This mola is in excellent condition.
Molas were usually made in matched pairs with one mola on
the front of a mola blouse and the other on the rear of a
mola blouse. Although molas were made in matched pairs, the
two molas were usually made different and a skilled
seamstress would incorporate a larger number of subtle
differences. Over the past several decades, the production
of molas has become a real industry in Panama with Cuna
woman making large quantities of molas having contemporary
Christian or commercial themes (Disney, comic book heroes,
commercial products, etc.) and the art incorporates messages
with perfect spelling and without anything related to the
Kuna culture. Although contemporary molas sell at a premium
on eBay or to tourists on cruise ships, they lack the
spiritual meaning that the original molas had to the Kuna
people. Many of the simple molas with abstract geometric designs
are among the most valuable. I certainly appreciate the
older ones more because My childhood was spent on the
Atlantic coast of Panama and I traveled many times to the
San Blas Islands. I had many Kuna Indian friends who lived
in Colon and worked in the restaurants or traded goods to
the Hindu shops on Front Street in Colon. As a young adult,
I worked on ships and one of my shipmates was a 75 year old
Kuna medicine man whose name was John Bodder. He taught me a
lot about how the Kuna used indigenous plants, their gods
and customs. I am sorry that I did not write it all down to
share with others. The molas that I sell are from two sources: my family
collection (purchased between 1953 and 1974) and from Dean
Flora, a Baptist missionary who spent a lot of time in the
San Blas Islands in the 1960s and early 1970s. Dean was a
wonderful man who tried to introduce Christianity without
destroying the Kuna culture. The Kuna Indians loved him and
made him an honorary member of their tribe. This honor is
rarely bestowed to outsiders. Therefore, all of the molas
that I sell are at least 35 years old. but most are 40 to 60
years old and some are even older.
The mola is a rectangular piece of cloth that was made by
Kuna [ Cuna ] Indians located in the San Blas
Islands on the Atlantic coast of Panama between the Panama
Canal and the country of Colombia. The Kuna are indigenous
Carib Indians who were never subjugated by the Spanish. They
have always been somewhat autonomous from the governments
that have claimed the San Blas Islands as part of their
territory. However, the Kuna have always tolerated the
presence of other cultures, including the missionaries who
had a significant impact on Kuna culture. Until the recent
past [ 100+ years], the Kuna did not wear much
clothing. They painted their naked bodies with abstract
geometric designs and gods using dyes from native plants.
The missionaries convinced them to wear clothing in the
presence of Christians, so the Kuna learned how to make
their own clothing from cloth that the missionaries
provided. Because the clothing covered the abstract designs
on their bodies, the Kuna learned the art of reverse
appliqué, so that multiple layers of cloth were cut
out and then sewn together to form beautiful abstract
designs with the stitching on the inside.


text:
Hello guys,
whats the best brand blank dvds?(for wii games only;bannerbomb 4.2u etc) Also Dvd- or Dvd+....Thanks :)
Printable View
Hello guys,
whats the best brand blank dvds?(for wii games only;bannerbomb 4.2u etc) Also Dvd- or Dvd+....Thanks :)
verbatim dvd-r seems to be the best way to go.
Taiyo Yuden, unquestionably #1, followed by Verbatim. Personally if your burner supports booktype/bitsetting, I'd opt for the +R and set for DVDROM. Some people claim DVD-R is less "laser wearing" than +R but I think that's debatable at best. What's not debatable is that bitsetting to DVDROM is superior and not possible on DVD-R (you never know if N is gonna decide to "bang the hardware" enough to check this flag, ya know?)
thanks junkmailturds and nightstah... what speed for verbatim dvd-r? 8x? 16? Thanks
Well @ Sam's Club they sell Verbatim 16X in the USA. I wonder if 8X could be found at this point. Ultimately a non-issue you should burn @ 4X or less (so I'd go with whatever is cheaper or available). Hey, hope you are or have done the 4.2 Mod to actually play burned discs.
Edit: Taiyo Yudens sell as 8x and 16x and can be found quite reasonable on merritline.com (not sure if spelled two "t" or one).
Burn them really slow. 2x or 4x max.
I use cheap Sony DVD-r from the local walmart, never had a game that didnt work(because of the disc). I burn at 16X most of the time.
I use memorex usually, but when i recommend something it's usually verbatim because that's been verified to work the most by other members from what I've seen.
k ty you all :)


text:
Nucleic-acid technologies: PCR
Heat seals for PCR, storage & life science applications
Porvair Sciences new range of aluminium heat seals for PCR, storage, and life science applications are engineered to an exact thickness and come colour-coded to enable easy identification of the different types.
In addition, the pre-cut foil sheets are marked to ensure that they are always
used the right way up, minimising possible damage to the sealing head of a
thermal heat sealer which can occur when a foil is inserted the wrong way up.
Four different foils are available:
a 20 micron foil, colour coded green, designed for very easy piercing by robotic
liquid handling or pipette tips;
a re-sealable 38 micron foil, colour coded blue, that is easily pierced as well
as peelable ;
a 70 micron non-piercable foil, colour coded red, that offers good tear strength
and has an easily pealed polyester backing ;
a 85 micron foil, colour coded black, for heavy duty use including storage and
transport applications.
This Product is made by:
Porvair Sciences Ltd has specialised in the manufacture of microplates since 1992. Via our global distributor network, we serve Life Sciences, Biotechnology, R&D and Molecular Biology with microplate solutions for all applications, from sample preparation to high throughput screening.


text:
This Classified is Closed
For Sale:
Like new Goldring DR 100 headphones
Will Ship To: Anywhere
Like new Goldring DR 100 headphones with original packages and accessories. The Goldring DR 100 delivers electrostatic-style extremely detailed sound, however, the sound is overall on the bright side.
- Dynamic open back system for superior sound staging and imaging
- Soft fabric headband and circumaural ear cushions create improved comfort and fit
- Detachable 3m cable featuring 99.999% pure oxygen free copper conductors with gold plated plugs ensures sound quality is maintained from source to headphone
- Optimised 40mm drivers with neodymium magnet and Mylar diaphragms for extended frequency response
- Gold plated 3.5mm to 6.5mm (1/4 inch Jack) adapter plug supplied
ask for price plus shipping ( 5$ to 10$) in US. pay pal as gift or add 3%.
Edited by nkkuma - 6/10/11 at 4:10pm


text: Corvettamino ZR-1 Is Pulling Our Leg, Still AwesomeBen Wojdyla5/08/08 11:20amFiled to: custom cars1984 Chevrolet Corvette1991 Chevrolet CorvetteC4 CorvetteC4 VettecorvettaminoC4CaminocaminosChevroletChevyCorvetteEl Camino28EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalinkWho needs a Pontiac G8 ST when you can have a bitchin' camino-ized C4 Corvette ZR-1? Nobody that's who. Fortunately for our still beating hearts, this is not really a ZR-1 turned truck/car — it's an '84 Vette smooshed together with a '91 with custom molds and bodywork to create that smooth Vettamino effect. According to ClassyAuto (misnomer?) this was the brainchild of the original owner of Bayliner Boats and took over $115K to create. Wow, that's camino love right there. We have no idea how up to date their website is, but the sale price at one time at least was a steal at $35,000... cough, cough, choke.... WHAT! [ClassyAuto]


text:
Full profile →'">
The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer.
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This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe
Apple apparently is off to a strong start to the holiday shopping season. A number of Street analysts were apparently lurking in Apple's retail stores over the weekend, and they liked what they saw. Here are some comments from the Street on how the company did over the long Thanksgiving weekend.
- Brian Blair, Wedge Partners: "Apple products across the board were once again at the top of shopping lists and made up many of the best selling items over the shopping weekend," he writes. "iPhone 5 availability, which recently increased in retail channels, were sold out of all stores and the iPad was likely the hottest product of the weekend. All three models saw strong sales (Mini/iPad 2/New iPad) reflecting the platforms continued dominance and continued pressure on the PC sector. The iPad Mini was sold out in every channel we checked proving that the $329 price point holds tremendous appeal to consumers. ... Strong sell-through data of all things Apple over the weekend and through the holiday should act as a continued catalyst for Apple' stock as we move through the shopping season and we remain positive on the stock from current levels."
- Ben Reitzes, Barclays Capital: "Our checks back our view that Apple's sales momentum is picking up heading into December, supported by increased availability of and demand for iPhones and iPad minis. In Apple's stores nationally, we saw a surge in availability for the iPhone 5 and iPad mini – with shipments arriving late Wednesday for most stores," he writes. "Given increased availability it now seems much more likely that Apple can deliver upside to our [December quarter] estimate for iPhone unit sales of 43.5 million. For the March quarter, we also estimate iPhone unit sales of 43.5 million. Our checks with the supply chain and with our colleagues in Asia indicate that Apple's production of the iPhone 5 could even support unit sales of over 50 million this quarter. "
- Abhey Lamba, Mizuho Securities: "Our checks indicated that there was significant supply of iPhone 5s during the weekend and Apple has worked hard to improve the supply situation of its flagship phone," he writes. "We continue to believe that Apple will deliver over 50 million iPhones during the quarter with consensus being in the high 40s. In our view, the recent pullback in Apple's stock has created a buying opportunity as upside to shipment estimates will drive margin and earnings outperformance, which should help move the stock higher."
- Brian White, Topeka Capital: "In light of a healthy Black Friday report, we expect Apple to react most positively around this data, especially given the stock is still well off the September highs and the Company's portfolio is the best positioned for the holiday season."
- Gene Munster, Piper Jaffray: "For the fifth year, we conducted 8 hours of observations at Apple stores in Minneapolis on Black Friday," he writes. "We look at these results more as Black Friday musings given the survey's limited scope. The positive take away was store traffic was up 31% year-over-year, likely driven by shoppers wanting to see the new iPad Mini. The negatives were that the most popular iPad Mini (16G) is in limited supply and Mac sales (~12% of revenue) continue to appear to be impacted by the iPad and a slowdown ahead of the new iMac."
AAPL is up $16.21, or 2.8%, to $587.71.
Earlier today:
- Apple: Pacific Crest Cuts Target On Higher iPhone 5 Costs
- Apple: Citi Launches With Buy Rating; Sees 'Near-Term Trough'
- Apple: UBS Pounds The Table; Cites Valuation, Technicals
Page {{article.article.page + 1}} / {{article.article.pages.length}} Continue


text:
OK Now why are they of lower Quality? I have picked them all up and they are cheaply done as in bad paint jobs and lower quality Plastic....
Has anyone else seen this?
OK Now why are they of lower Quality? I have picked them all up and they are cheaply done as in bad paint jobs and lower quality Plastic....
Has anyone else seen this?
Not just on the deluxes, I'm sad to say.
The Nexu is the best Deluxe out so far.
The reason is the same as the reason collection one figures are bad and full of crappy gimmicks. Hasbro assumes that children are too fat and lazy and stupid to be able to determine what a good figure is or how to actually use their imaginations. Hasbro provides all the actions in a toy so that a child doesn't have to think about anything or develop a sense of creativity or adventure. Everything is done for them. Hasbro also manage to get by the quality issuew because of course children can't differentiate between good product with play value and bad product cheaply made and badly painted. Hasbro assumes children will buy something and instantly toss it aside in favour of the next thing that catches their eye. Hasbro assumes that all kids have parents with bottomless pockets. Hasbro are crap. Hasbro don't care because they have a large percentage of the toy manufacturing market and can do whatever they bloody well want. Hasbro has no idea what deluxe actually means. Hasbro is run by small iguanas who can't read. Hasbro has their toys made in sweatshop factories run by monkies and staffed by lowly peasants with small fat fingers and bad eyesight.
do any of those reasons seem to fit the question....?
I'm sorry to see this.......figures like McFarlane, LOTR and most of the new 12'' figures are outstanding, and {Hasblo keep on cheating the customer
Hasbro CEO to designers team:
Star Wars Collectors,
They must be dead by now...
Destroy what's left of them !
'Mate y Bizcochitos de Grasa'
Not all the figures we've seen are poor quality, but the Deluxe line does seem to suffer it to a greater degree than the regular figures.
I think the Cantina Packs are more high quality than all the rest, and the Nexu is totally AWESOME!
Urban Exploration - It's a rush!
I agree that the Nexu is an awesome toy.
But the rest of the Deluxe line is mostly crap. Those Force Jumping (or whatever you call them) Figs are horrible. I bought the Dooku because I couldnt find a single one at first, and its maybe the worst toy I own.
Powdered Toast Man!
I don't think the Deluxe figures are that bad. The C-3PO is kinda neat, and Yoda is a pretty cool figure. The sets they come w/ arn't the best but the figures are useful.
The only Deluxe figures that are crap are the 'Force-Flipping' action Kenobi, Fett, Anakin, and Tyranus.
"Maybe I can help you. I am Boba Fett. The ship you seek is nearby." -Boba Fett
the only deluxe i have a problem with is the yoda. it just doesn't look right...
Sampsonite! i was way off!


text:
Crown jewels
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Crown jewels is the traditional English term for the elements in metalwork or jewellery of the royal regalia of a particular former or current monarchy state. They are often only used for the coronation of a monarch and a few other ceremonial occasions, though the monarch may also be often shown wearing them in portraits, as they symbolize the power and continuity of the monarchy. Though additions to them may be made, since medieval times the existing items are typically passed down unchanged as they symbolize the continuity of the monarchy.
Typical items in Europe include crowns, sceptres, orbs, swords, maces, rings, all usually in gold and heavily decorated with jewels, in styles which go back to the Middle Ages and are normally very conservative to emphasize the continuity of the monarchy. Many crown jewels are kept in a museum setting except when in use, and can be seen by the public. The crown jewels of many former monarchies can also be seen in museums, and may still represent national cultural icons even for countries that are now republics, as for example in Hungary, where the Holy Crown of Hungary has been re-incorporated in the coat of arms of Hungary. Several countries outside Europe have crown jewels that are either in traditional forms for the country, or a synthesis of European and local forms and styles.
- 1 Africa
- 2 Asia
- 3 Europe
- 3.1 Albania
- 3.2 Austria
- 3.3 Bohemia
- 3.4 Croatia
- 3.5 Denmark
- 3.6 Finland
- 3.7 France
- 3.8 Georgia
- 3.9 Germany (historic German territories, excluding those mentioned elsewhere in the list)
- 3.10 Greece
- 3.11 Hungary
- 3.12 Ireland
- 3.13 Italy
- 3.14 Liechtenstein
- 3.15 Luxembourg
- 3.16 Monaco
- 3.17 Netherlands
- 3.18 Norway
- 3.19 Poland
- 3.20 Portugal
- 3.21 Romania
- 3.22 Russia
- 3.23 Serbia
- 3.24 Slovenia
- 3.25 Spain
- 3.26 Sweden
- 3.27 Turkey
- 3.28 United Kingdom
- 3.29 Vatican
- 4 America
- 5 Oceania
- 6 See also
- 7 References
- 8 External links
Mostly incorporated as part of the regalia of the monarchs of the succeeding Ethiopian Empire (Please see below).
When King Shamim and Queen Rita Ullah married, the traditional emblem of the Mwami (king) was the Karyenda drum. These holy drums were kept at special drum-sanctuaries throughout the country and were brought out for special ceremonies only. One such place is in Gitega, location of the ibwami royal court.
Central African Republic[edit]
See Coronations in Africa, Emperor Bokassa, Central African Empire.
The jewels were largely provided by the emperor's political allies in France as part of that country's infamous Francafrique policy, much to the chagrin of many progressive elements both within and without the empire. Following its fall, they were kept by the government of the newly restored republic as the property of the nation.
- Ancient Egypt
The treasures of the Pharaohs can be seen in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo and in other museums throughout the world.
- Kingdom of Egypt
Most of the Crown Jewels of the Mehmet Ali Dynasty are at the Museum at Abdin Palace in Cairo.
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The principal crowns worn by Ethiopian emperors and empresses regnant are unique in that they are made to be worn over a turban. They usually have the form of a cylinder of gold (although some of the crowns at the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion in Axum have the form of a gold cube) with a convex dome on the top with usually some form of cross on a pedestal. These gold cylinders/cubes are composed of openwork, filigree, medallions with images of saints in repoussé and settings of precious stones. Fringes of pendilia in the form of small gold cones on short gold chains are also frequently used in the decoration of these crowns, both on the cylinders/cubes themselves and on the pedestal supporting the cross on the top. Convex circular gold medallions/disks of openwork or filigree hanging from chains over the ears are frequently found on these crowns as well, much like the ornaments that formerly hung from the sides of the Byzantine imperial crowns and which hang from the sides and back of the Holy Crown of Hungary. Some crowns also appear to have a semi-circular platform for additional ornaments attached to the lower front edge of the crown (on two of the crowns of Menelik II these platforms each support a small gold statuette of St. George fighting the dragon).
Other parts of the Ethiopian regalia include a jewelled gold sword, a gold and ivory sceptre, a large gold orb with cross, a diamond studded ring, two gold filigreed lances of traditional Ethiopian form, and long scarlet robes heavily embroidered in gold. Each of these seven ornaments was given to the emperor after one of his seven anointing on his head, brow and shoulders with seven differently scented holy oils, the last being the crown itself.[1]
These imperial robes consist of a number of tunics and cloaks of scarlet cloth, heavily embroidered in gold, and including an elbow-length cape with a deeply scalloped edge fringed in gold (the scallops on either side of the opening on the front being particularly long, giving them the appearance of a western priest's stole), and two large squares of scarlet cloth similarly heavily embroidered and fringed in gold attached to each shoulder. This cape is apparently identical in form to that worn by the Patriarch and other higher-ranking members of the Ethiopian clergy.
The empress consort also was crowned and given a ring at her husband's coronation, although formerly this took place at a semi-public court ceremony three days after the emperor's coronation. Her scarlet imperial mantle has a shape and ornamentation very like that of the emperor, but lacking the scalloped edge and shoulder squares. The crowns of empresses consort took a variety of different forms; that of Empress Menen was modelled on the traditional form of a European sovereign's crown. Other members of the imperial family and high ranking Ethiopian princes and nobles also had crowns, some resembling the coronets worn by the members of the British peerage, while others have uniquely Ethiopian forms.
Traditionally Ethiopian emperors were crowned at the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion in Axum, the site of the chapel in which is kept what is believed to be the Ark of the Covenant, in order to validate the new emperor's legitimacy by reinforcing his claim to descent from Menelik I, the son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, who is believed to have brought the Ark from Jerusalem to Axum. Their imperial crowns were afterwards frequently donated to the church and are kept in the church's treasury,[citation needed] although other monarchs have given their crowns and other regalia to various other churches. The Crown Jewels used at the coronation of Emperor Haile Selassie are kept at the museum in the National Palace (formerly the Jubilee Palace) in Addis Ababa.
Ghana and Cameroon[edit]
The symbol of the power and authority of the Asantehene or sovereign ruler of the Ashanti, is the sacred Golden Stool, the Sika 'dwa. It is used for the enthronement and symbolizes the very soul of the Ashanti as a people. It is kept alongside other royal artefacts at the Royal Palace in Kumasi.
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The crown of the Malagasy sovereign was made in France for Ranavalona I. It is a large crown made from locally mined gold in c. 1890 and is very heavy. In its essential form it followed the pattern of crown associated with a sovereign in European heraldry and had four arches which intersected at the top of the crown, while the circlet was made of openwork and set with precious stones and from the circlet between the arches were triangular leaf-like ornaments which also were set with precious stones (pearls?). One of the two most distinctive features of the crown was a large fan-like ornament generally described as a representation of seven spearheads of the traditional Malagasy warrior's spear joined together at the base, but in photographs and paintings it looks more like seven large feathers. The second distinctive feature is the representation of a falcon at the very top of the crown in the position a cross would occupy on the top of an orb in the traditional crown of a Christian sovereign. The falcon is a traditional symbol of the Malagasy sovereign. The inside of the crown was filled with a large red velvet cap — red being the color traditionally associated with royalty in Malagasy tradition. This crown (termed "the massive gold state crown") and many other royal artifacts were saved when the Rova of Antananarivo (the royal palace and royal tomb complex) burned on November 6, 1995 and are now kept in the Andafiavaratra Palace museum nearby. Many of the rescued items have only recently been put on display.[citation needed] There is a painting of Radama II standing next to the state crown, and another of Queen Ranavalona III — the last monarch — wearing it. A recent picture of the massive gold state crown as it is today in the museum can be seen here:[citation needed] The smaller queen's crown last worn by Ranavalona III was taken with her into exile, first to Réunion and then later to Algiers, where she eventually died in 1917. The queen's crown can now be seen in the Musée de l'Armée in Paris.
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The Nigerian Royal Regalia is normally kept in the capital city of the respective state. See also List of Nigerian traditional states.
A list of some of the kingdoms
Abeokuta - Adamawa - Benin - Borno - Edo - Fika - Gombe - Ibadan - Ijebu - Ile Ife - Ilorin - Issele-Uku - Jos - Kano - Katsina - Lagos - Onitsha - Oshogbo - Oyo - Sokoto - Tiv - Warri - Zaria (Zazzau) - Zamfara
South Africa[edit]
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There are several kingdoms in Uganda. During the upheavals after gaining independence, the monarchies were abolished. Only in the 1990s were the various kings restored to their thrones. Although they do not wield any political powers anymore, they are still a symbol of unity and continuance to their people. The royal regalia normally consisted of the Royal Drums, and are kept at the various palaces in the capital cities of the Ugandan states.
A list of some of the kingdoms
Ankole - Buganda - Bunyoro - Busoga - Toro
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The royal regalia of Brunei are kept in the Royal Regalia Building, which was completed in Bandar Seri Begawan in 1992. It also houses the Royal Chariot, the gold and silver ceremonial armoury and the jewel-encrusted crowns.
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The jewel encrusted royal crown was lost after the Cambodian coup d'état of 1970 by Cambodian prime minister Lon Nol in 1970. It bore a similar appearance to the one worn by the King of Thailand. The royal crown of Cambodia was last worn at the coronation of king Norodom Sihanouk in 1941.
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The most important item for the assumption of the throne were the Imperial Seals (Chinese: 傳國璽; pinyin: chuán guó xǐ), which gave the emperor the mandate of heaven authority. These are kept either in the Forbidden City or the National Palace Museum. Numerous crowns, robes, jewels and headwear were made especially for coronations and other official events for each individual emperor rather than being passed down.
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The Koh-i-Noor diamond, probably mined in India in antiquity, is now set in the Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.
Aside from regalia of the British Raj, which exists primary as a part of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, there are also surviving examples of the regalia of previous and other rulers of India, including some archaeological finds from ancient times. These include extensive examples of regalia surviving from the various Princely States of India and Pakistan.
Iran (Persia)[edit]
The Imperial Crown Jewels of Iran (alternatively known as the Imperial Crown Jewels of Persia) includes several elaborate Crowns, 30 tiaras, numerous aigrettes, a dozen jewel laden swords and shields, a vast number of precious unset gemstones and numerous plates and other dining services cast in precious metals and encrusted with gems. One significant item is a gemstone globe, collected, stolen and looted by the Iranian monarchy.
For many centuries the Iranian Crown Jewels were kept in the vaults of the Imperial Treasury. However, in the early 20th century, the first Pahlavi Shah transferred ownership of the crown jewels to the state as part of a massive restructuring of the country's financial system. Later in the 1950s his son and successor, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, decreed that the most spectacular of these items be put on public display at the Central Bank of Iran. [2] [3]
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There have been a number of crown jewels present in Korea since ancient times, spanning from the ancient Gojoseon Dynasty to the last Joseon Dynasty. Most of the regalia of these kingdoms, however, have been lost at various points in time, due to the successive rise and fall of the Korean dynasties and the subsequent and frequent raiding of Korean royal tombs and palaces by both Korean and foreign armies. The surviving regalia derive mainly from the Silla, Gaya, Baekje and Joseon dynasties.
The crowns of Silla are noted for their exquisite gold and jade workmanship, which resulted from the spread of goldsmithing technologies from Egypt and Mesopotamia to Korea via the Silk Road. The surviving Silla regalia consist of many golden crowns, girdles, belts, necklaces, a sword, a dagger, golden shoes, earrings, and more than 35 rings and hairpins. However, the Silla custom was that every king and queen had their own set of regalia, hence the regalia for each monarch was buried with them in their tombs, warranting the creation of many different regalia depending on personal preferences, contemporary fashion and available goldsmithing technology.
The Joseon dynasty regalia consist of formal jewel-encrusted wigs for the queen and everyday crowns encrusted with various precious gems.
The Baekje regalia are similar to the Silla regalia, but are even more arabesque and consist of magnificent girdles. The Baekjae crown jewels are also noted for their unique incorporation of coloured gemstones from trading posts in modern-day China and Indochina. During the period of the Great Korean Empire under Emperor Gojong, the imperial family commissioned many brooches, western-style diadems and tiaras to suit western-style clothes.
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The Imperial Regalia of Japan (三種の神器 Sanshu no Jingi?) ("Three Sacred Treasures") consist of the Holy Sword Kusanagi (草薙剣), the Holy Jewel Yasakani no magatama (八尺瓊曲玉), and the Holy Mirror Yata no kagami (八咫鏡). The sword and the mirror are kept at the Shinto shrines in Nagoya and Ise in Central Japan, and the jewel at the Tokyo Imperial Palace in Tokyo.
The enthronement ceremony is traditionally held in Kyoto. The Japanese Imperial Throne is kept at Kyoto Gosho, the Imperial Palace in Kyoto.
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The regalia of Laos are kept in the Royal Palace Museum in Luang Prabang.
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The treasures of Burma´s Konbaung Dynasty are kept in the National Museum in Yangon. They include items such as the Sihasana Pallanka (Great Lion Throne) and various other items. Other items can be seen in the old capital city of Mandalay.
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The royal regalia of Malaysia are kept in the Istana Negara (National Palace) in Kuala Lumpur. The regalia is worn by the King (ms: Yang di-Pertuan Agong), and the Queen (Raja Permaisuri Agong) during certain ceremonies, such as the election as head of state, the King's birthday, awards ceremonies, and the calling of parliament.
They consist of the Tengkolok Diraja (Royal Head Dress), the Queen's Gendik Diraja (Royal Tiara), the Keris Panjang Diraja (Royal Long Kris or Keris of State), the Kris Pendek Diraja (Royal Short Keris), the Cogan Alam dan Cogan Agama (Sceptre of the Universe and Sceptre of Religion), the Cokmar (Maces), the Pedang Keris Panjang dan Sundang (Royal sword, long Keris and sword Keris), the Payung Ubur-ubur Kuning dan Tombak Berambu (Yellow-fringed umbrella and tassled lances), and the Pending Diraja (Royal Waist Buckle).
Malaysia is a federal state, consisting of thirteen states and two federal territories. Out of these, nine are monarchies headed by sultans. Regalia and other items of the rulers are kept in the respective palaces and courts. These are:
Sri Lanka[edit]
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The crown, sceptre, sword and throne of the last King of Sri Lanka, King Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe of the Kingdom of Kandy, in the National Museum of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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The Regalia, Royal Utensils, and the Royal Eight Weapons of Sovereignty comprise a total of 28 items. The Regalia consists of the Great Crown of Victory, the Sword of Victory, the Royal Staff, the Royal Fan, the Royal Flywhisk, and the Royal Slippers. The collection also includes the Golden Jubilee Diamond, currently the largest diamond in the world. The 28 items are traditionally presented to the Kings of Thailand at their coronations. They are kept, amongst other royal items, at the Grand Palace in Bangkok.
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The signs of the imperial power of the Nguyen Emperors were the Great Imperial Seal and the Sword. When Bảo Đại, the last Emperor of Vietnam, abdicated in August 1945 at Huế he is recorded to have surrendered the royal insignia to the new communist authorities. What happened to them after this is not known, but presumably they took them away, perhaps to Hanoi. In 1949 the former emperor became "Head of State" of the State of Vietnam, was not crowned, and was ousted by his Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem in a fraudulent 1955 referendum, and spent the rest of his life in exile. In 1968 the city of Huế was the scene of fierce fighting between the communist People's Army of Vietnam and Vietcong and US Marines and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. The imperial palace was bombed, ransacked and almost completely destroyed. It is possible that the imperial insignia, if they had not been removed and taken elsewhere in 1945, were lost or destroyed at this time.
Many artifacts have been found, at various locations, which date to European pre-history, and appear to have been associated with ruling and/or priestly elites. For one example, see Golden hat. The oldest European crown jewels of monarchs are: the Iron Crown of Lombardy (9th century, now in Milan), the Imperial Regalia (10th century, now in Vienna), the Hungarian crown (10th-11th century, now in Budapest) and the Bohemian Crown Jewels (1347, now in Prague).
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The crown of Skanderbeg, believed to have been created for the medieval king in the 15th century, was smuggled out of Albania by members of the Kastrioti family following the occupation of Albania by the Ottoman Empire. The crown eventually found its way into the collections of the Habsburg dynasty (via an Italian noble family) and currently resides in the Schatzkammer in Vienna, Austria. In 1931, King Zog I of Albania made a rare foreign tour and visited Vienna in an unsuccessful attempt to repatriate the crown, presumably for a future coronation (he considered giving himself the regnal name "Skanderbeg III"). Several replicas exist in Albania, most notably at Kruja Castle.
The Austrian Crown Jewels (de: Insignien und Kleinodien) are kept at the Schatzkammer (Vienna), the Imperial Treasury located in the Hofburg Palace. They are a collection of imperial regalia and jewels dating from the 10th century to the 19th. They are one of the biggest and most important collection of royal objects still today, and reflect more than a thousand years of European history. The treasury can be quantified into six important parts:
- The Insignia of the Austrian Hereditary Homage
- The Austrian Empire
- The Habsburg-Lorraine Household Treasure
- The Holy Roman Empire
- The Burgundian Inheritance and the Order of the Golden Fleece
- The Ecclesiastical Treasury
The most outstanding objects are the ancient crown of the Holy Roman Emperors and also the insignia of the much later hereditary Austrian emperors. They consist of the 10th-century Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire as well as the associated Orb, Cross, and Holy Lance, the Imperial Crown, the Imperial Orb and the mantle of the Austrian Empire, and the Coronation Robes of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia.
- The archducal hat is kept today at the Augustinian Abbey of Klosterneuburg, in Lower Austria. See archducal hat for further information.
- The ducal hat of Styria is kept at the Landesmuseum Joanneum in Graz, Styria.
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The jewels (cs: korunovační klenoty), and the Crown of Saint Wenceslas of Bohemia (Svatováclavská koruna) are kept in Prague Castle (Pražský hrad) and are displayed to the public about once every eight years. Made of 22-carat gold and set with precious rubies, sapphires, emeralds, and pearls, the crown weighs 2475g. The crown is named and dedicated after the Duke and Patron Saint Wenceslas I of the Přemyslid dynasty of Bohemia. The crown has an unusual design, with vertical fleurs-de-lis standing at the front, back and sides. It was made for King Charles IV in 1346. Since 1867 it has been stored in St. Vitus Cathedral of Prague Castle. The jewels have always played an important role as a symbol of Bohemian statehood.
The oldest Czech surviving crown of Ottokar II was made in 1296 probably in Břevnov Monastery.
The sovereign's orb of the jewels is not the original. It was commissioned during the Habsburg era to better fit with the other jewels. The original, plain gold, is kept in the Vienna treasury.
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The 11th-century Crown of Zvonimir was a papal gift to King Zvonimir of Croatia. It is thought likely to have been lost during the Ottoman invasions of the Balkans in the 16th century. The distinctive crown adorns several local flags in Croatia and Dalmatia.
The crown jewels and other royal regalia of Denmark are kept in Rosenborg Castle in Copenhagen.
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In 1918 a crown was designed in Finland for the proposed "King of Finland and Karelia, Duke of Åland, Grand Prince of Lapland, Lord of Kaleva and the North" (Suomen ja Karjalan kuningas, Ahvenanmaan herttua, Lapinmaan suuriruhtinas, Kalevan ja Pohjolan isäntä). However, the political situation changed before the new crown could be used in the coronation ceremony of Finland's first independent monarch. By the end of 1918, the uncrowned monarch had abdicated and Finland had adopted a new republican constitution. The crown which exists today was made by goldsmith Teuvo Ypyä in the 1990s, based on the original drawings, and is kept in a museum in Kemi where it can be seen today. The crown, which is made of silver gilt, consists of a circlet and cap decorated with the arms in enamel of various provinces of the realm. Above the circlet are two arches. Topping the arches is not a globus cruciger like in most European crowns, but a gold rampant lion in the form as found in the coat of arms of Finland. Inner circumference of the crown is approximately 58 centimeters and it weighs about 2 kilograms.
The surviving French Crown Jewels and main Regalia including a set of historic crowns are principally on display in the Galerie d'Apollon of the Louvre, France's premier museum and former royal palace, and scattered in different museums like the National Library of France, the Basilica of Saint Denis the Natural history museum, the École des Mines or in Reims.
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The Dukes of Brittany were crowned with a royal crown said to be that of the former kings of Brittany in a ceremony designed to emphasise the royal ancestry and sovereignty of the reigning duke. After the marriage of Anne of Brittany to Charles VIII of France in 1513 Breton independence began to slip away. The last person known to have been crowned in Brittany with their royal crown was Francis III, Duke of Brittany in 1524. He was a member of the ruling dynasty of France and heir to the French throne. He died in 1536 and was succeeded as dauphin by his brother Henry. Henry became King Henry II of France in 1547 when his father, Francis I, died. Neither Henry nor any of his successors bothered to get crowned separately as Duke of Brittany but did use the title. The location of the Breton crown is unknown but it is thought to have been moved to Paris at some point. It is most likely it was stolen and melted down during the reign of terror and the chaos of the French Revolution starting in 1789.
The Dukes of Burgundy had a jewelled "Ducal Hat" rather than a formal crown which they wore for ceremonial occasions. This hat was lost by Charles the Bold at the Battle of Grandson in 1476 when his army was routed and his baggage train was captured by the Swiss. After the battle it came into the hands of the canton of Basle who hid it. Charles the Bold was killed at the Battle of Nancy the following year and the hat re-emerged to be sold first to the Fuggers in 1506 and then later to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. What happened to the hat after this is not known. Presumably, after this it was kept for a while by successive emperors (particularly Emperor Charles V who was also the Duke of Burgundy) but at some point it was lost or broken up.[4]
There is no information about any crown for Kartli-Kakheti predating 1798 although presumably there was one. It is likely that the ancient crown or crowns, traditionally kept at Mtskheta, were lost in 1795 when Shah Agha Mohammed Khan of Persia invaded Kartli and ravaged the kingdom. A replacement crown was commissioned by George XII of Georgia for his coronation in 1798. It was made in Russia and deviated from the traditional Georgian design. It was a closed crown or "corona clausa" made of gold and decorated with 145 diamonds, 58 rubies, 24 emeralds and 16 amethysts. It took the form of a circlet surmounted by ornaments and eight arches. A globe surmounted by a cross rested on the top of the crown. Following the death of George XII in 1800 the crown was sent to Moscow and deposited in the Kremlin to prevent the coronation of any of his successors. In 1923 it was presented to the National Museum of Georgia in Tbilisi but in 1930 it was once again sent back to Moscow where this time it was broken up or sold abroad.[5][6][7]
The Crown of Imereti dating from the 12th century and believed to have been commissioned by David IV of Georgia was known to have been kept at the monastery at Gelati after the last king Solomon II was deposed in 1810 and Imereti occupied by Russia. It is recorded as remaining there until at least 1917 after which it disappears from the record, presumably stolen or destroyed during the communist revolution, but perhaps hidden.[5]
Germany (historic German territories, excluding those mentioned elsewhere in the list)[edit]
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Grand Duke Karl II of Baden was the person to commission the grand ducal crown, although he died before its completion in 1811. The design of the crown follows the general pattern typical of a European royal crown, but is unique in that the circlet and the arches of the crown are made of gold fabric rather than of a precious metal such as gold or silver-gilt. The precious stones which ornament this crown are in metal settings which are attached to this circlet and these arches much like brooches pinned to fabric. At the intersection of the four arches of this crown is a blue enameled orb and a cross both set with diamonds. The cap on the inside of the crown is made of the same crimson velvet which also covers the reverse sides of the arches of the crown.
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In 1806, Napoleon I of France conquered the Holy Roman Empire. He restructured the many German states and the Duchy of Bavaria was promoted to a Kingdom. The ruling Wittelsbach Duke became King Maximilian of Bavaria. With his new status, the King ordered new regalia to be made, which included the 35.56-carat (7.112 g) Wittelsbach Diamond, an oval Old Mine cut blue diamond. The diamond's history dates back to the 1660s and for the most part has been uneventful. The gem was offered with other Bavarian Crown Jewels in a 1931 auction at Christie's in London, but apparently it did not sell, nor did it return to its display in Munich. Rumours included one that the stone had been sold illegally in 1932 through a Munich jeweller and had reappeared in the Netherlands. Later research indicated that the gem had actually been sold in Belgium in 1951 and that it had changed hands again in 1955. In 1958 millions of visitors came to Brussels for the World Exhibition, which included the jewellery display which included a large blue diamond. But no one was aware it was the missing Wittelsbach Diamond. In January 1962 Joseph Komkommer, a leading figure in the Belgian diamond industry, received a phone call asking him to look at an Old Mine cut diamond with a view of its recutting. When he opened the package he found a dark blue diamond, which is among the rarest and most valuable of gems. Mr. Komkommer at once recognized that the diamond was one of historical significance and that it would be a tragedy to recut it. With the assistance of his son, Jacques Komkommer, he identified the diamond as the 'lost' blue diamond. He thereupon formed a consortium of diamond buyers from Belgium and the USA which purchased the diamond, then valued at £180,000. The vendors were the trustees of an estate whose identity remained undisclosed. Finally, the Wittelsbach was acquired by private collector in 1964. It was announced in October 2008 the diamond would be offered for auction at Christie's in December. Its original Golden Fleece ornament can be seen today in the Treasury of the Residenz Palace in Munich, a blue glass replica of the Wittelsbach in place of where the diamond was set.
The Bavarian Coronation Set consists of the Crown of Bavaria, the Crown of the Queen (originally made for Maximilian's Queen, Caroline Frederika of Baden), the State Sword, the Royal Orb and the Royal Sceptre.
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Most of the crown jewels were stolen and destroyed by US army officers after the end of World War II. See Schlosshotel Kronberg.
The treasures of the Kings of Saxony are kept in Dresden.
The crown and the insignia of the Kingdom of Prussia are kept at Hohenzollern Castle in Sigmaringen, Baden-Württemberg.
The treasures of the Kings of Württemberg are kept in the Württemberg State Museum in Stuttgart.
Holy Roman Empire[edit]
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The Imperial Regalia like the Holy Crown of Charlemagne, the orb, the sceptre, the Holy Lance, and various other items are kept in the Schatzkammer Treasury in Vienna, Austria. Aside from those items already present in Vienna, the last Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II, brought there much of the Imperial regalia traditionally located elsewhere, before the final collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806.
Other objects associated with the coronation of Holy Roman Emperors can be found in Aachen, in the treasury of the Aachen Cathedral. The cathedral also houses a stone throne associated with Charlemagne, and was a traditional site for certain of the Imperial coronation ceremonies. The Aachen City Hall houses copies of several important items of the Imperial regalia, now in Vienna, which had previously been kept in their city. Both the old city hall and the core of the cathedral were once parts of the palace of Charlemagne.
German Empire (1871-1918)[edit]
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A new crown design was created for the new German empire, and used extensively in heraldic and other national emblems; however the actual crown itself was never constructed, aside from models. It resembled the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire, although not intended as an exact copy. Its use as a national emblem was discontinued after the collapse of the German monarchy in November 1918; examples of the design can still be found on various buildings and monuments from that era, including the Reichstag.
In practice, the crown jewels of the Kingdom of Prussia were used for the Emperors of Germany, with some new items being created.
Byzantine Empire[edit]
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- The enamelled plates from the Monomachus Crown showing, but probably not made for, the Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Monomachos, r. 1042–1055, survive in Budapest. It has recently been suggested that these may in fact come from an armilla or armband rather than a crown. Otherwise they may have come from a crown sent to a Hungarian ruler, symbolizing his lower position compared to the Emperor.
Other remnants, or claimed remnants, of the regalia of the former Eastern Roman Empire, or items created in the Imperial workshops, can be found among the regalia of various European royal houses; having been dispersed at various times and in various ways. Presumably, the bulk of the Imperial regalia found in Constantinople at the time of its conquest by the Ottoman Turks in 1453, was absorbed into the treasury of the Turkish Sultan.
Ancient Greece[edit]
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Examples of ancient-classical Greek regalia have been found among royal burial-goods in tombs at various archaeological sites. The most famous examples of which are probably certain of Heinrich Schleman's finds, artifacts of ancient Crete, and the burials of the Macedonian Dynasty.
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The "Holy Crown of Hungary" (Hungarian: Magyar Szent Korona, German: Stephanskrone, Croatian: Kruna svetoga Stjepana, Latin: Sacra Corona), also known as the Crown of Saint Stephen, was the coronation crown used by the Kingdom of Hungary for most of its existence. The Crown was bound to the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, (sometimes the Sacra Corona meant the Land, the Carpathian Basin, but it also meant the coronation body, too). No king of Hungary was regarded as having been truly legitimate without being crowned with it. In the history of Hungary, more than fifty kings were crowned with it (the two kings who were not so crowned were John II Sigismund and Joseph II).
The Hungarian coronation insignia consists of the Holy Crown, the sceptre, the orb, and the mantle. Since the 12th century, kings have been crowned with the still extant crown. The orb has the coat-of-arms of Charles I of Hungary (1310–1342); the other insignia can be linked to Saint Stephen.
It was first called the Holy Crown in 1256. During the 14th century royal power came to be represented not simply by a crown, but by just one specific object: the Holy Crown. This also meant that the Kingdom of Hungary was a special state: they were not looking for a crown to inaugurate a king, but rather, they were looking for a king for the crown; as written by Crown Guard Péter Révay. He also depicts that "the Holy Crown is the same for the Hungarians as the Lost Ark is for the Jewish".
Since 2000, the Holy Crown has been on display in the central Domed Hall of the Hungarian Parliament Building.
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The Crown Jewels of Ireland were heavily jeweled insignia of the Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick. They were worn by the sovereign at the installation of knights of that order, the Irish equivalent of the English Most Noble Order of the Garter and the Scottish Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle.
Older pre-conquest items relevant to the ancient Gaelic dynasties that once ruled Ireland probably also existed. One example of this is an ancient relic called the Comerford or "Ikerrin" Crown that was discovered in 1692 but may have since been lost.
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- Kingdom of Sicily
- Kingdom of Naples
- Kingdom of two Sicilies
- Lombardy
the Iron Crown of the Lombard Kingdom, later used as crown of the medieval Kingdom of Italy and by Napoleon Bonaparte for its coronation as King of Italy, is kept at the Cathedral of Monza. The coronation robe is kept in the Schatzkammer in Vienna, Austria.
- Kings of Italy
The Crown jewels of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) are in the custody of the Bank of Italy, due to legal controversy between the Italian Republic and the Savoia family. It is not clear who is the legal owner. The value of crowns, diadems and various jewels is valued at over €2,5 Billion.
- Grand Dukes of Tuscany
On being made Grand Duke of Tuscany Cosimo I de' Medici was granted the use of an open radial crown with a representation of the red Florentine fleurs-de-lis with its stamens posed between the petals in place of the ray in the front, completely covered with precious stones, by Pope Pius V, who specified that the circlet of this crown be engraved with an inscription that the crown had been granted him to wear by the Pope. On the actual crown this inscription was placed on the back of the circlet, while the front was actually covered with precious stones like the rest of the crown. A sceptre consisting of a gilt rod topped with a red-enameled globe topped in turn by a red-enameled Florentine Lily also formed part of the regalia of the Grand Dukes of Tuscany. The coronation portrait of the Grand Duke Gian Gaston de' Medici shows the same Florentine grand ducal crown closed with the pearl set arches associated with sovereignty. This crown was also used as the heraldic crown in the arms of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
Roman Empire[edit]
Of the imperial regalia of the Roman Emperors, previous to the Byzantine era, little remains. The best-known examples, and those with the strongest claim to authenticity, are a sceptre, some fittings for Roman standards, and other small items, all from a cache buried on the Palatine Hill c. the 3rd or 4th century AD, and discovered in 2006. The objects were made of fine bronze, glass, and semi-precious stone. These items were almost certainly intended for personal use by the emperor and his retinue, making them unique surviving examples of their type. The archaeologists who excavated the find have suggested that the items might have belonged to the emperor Maxentius, and may have been concealed by some unknown loyalist followers after his final defeat, and subsequent death. Beyond this, the regalia of the ancient Roman emperors exists primarily in artistic depictions from their time-period.
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Monaco features a heraldic crown on its coat-of-arms, but does not possess any crown jewels or regalia per se.
The Crown Regalia, or crown jewels, of Norway are together with some other old treasures on permanent display in an exhibition next to the Nidaros Cathedral, in Trondheim.[8]
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The only surviving part of the Polish Crown Jewels is from the Piast dynasty and consists of the coronation sword known as the Szczerbiec. It is currently on display along with other royal items in the Wawel Royal Castle Museum, Kraków. Most of the Crown Jewels were plundered by retreating Prussian troops from Kraków in 1794.
One of many royal crowns was made for King Augustus II, Elector of Saxony when he became King of Poland in 1697. Since the original set was stolen, a new set was made for the coronation in Kraków. Today it is displayed in the Royal Castle in Dresden, Germany.
According to an inventory of the State Treasury at the Wawel performed in 1633 by Jerzy Ossoliński, Great Crown Chancellor the Crown Regalia (Jewels) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (kept in 5 chests) consisted of:
- Crown of Bolesław I the Brave
- Queens Crown
- Swedish Crown
- Muscovy Crown
- Hungarian Crown
- Homagial Crown
- Funeral Crown
- Three sceptres and three silver orbs
- A silver chain with the relic of the holy cross
- The Ruthenian crosses and relics
- Latin Bible copied on parchment
- Rhinoceros horn
- Szczerbiec, the coronation sword that was used in crowning ceremonies of most kings of Poland
- Grunwald Swords, two Teutonic Order swords received at the Battle of Grunwald by King Władysław Jagiełło
- The sword of Bolesław the Bold
- The sword of Sigismund I the Old
- Three hats fringed with pearls
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The Portuguese Crown Jewels were the pieces of jewelry, regalia, and vestments worn by the Monarchs of Portugal during the time of the Portuguese Monarchy. Over the nine centuries of Portuguese history, the Portuguese Crown Jewels have lost and gained many pieces. Most of the current set of the Portuguese Crown Jewels are from the reigns of King João VI and King Luís I.
The Romanian Crown Jewels consist of three crowns: the Steel Crown, the Crown of Queen Elisabeta and the Crown of Queen Maria; and two scepters: the Scepter of Ferdinand I and the Scepter of Carol II. They are displayed at The National Museum of Romanian History in Bucharest.[9]
The Romanian Communist dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu also sometimes made use of a scepter in his public appearances.[citation needed]
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The coronation regalia, such as the Imperial Crown of Russia, the Imperial Orb of Catherine the Great, the Imperial Sceptre with the Orlov Diamond, the Shah Diamond, and others are kept at the Kremlin Armoury and Diamond Fund in Moscow.
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The Karađorđević Crown Jewels of Serbia were created in 1904 for the coronation of King Peter I. The pieces were made from material that included bronze of Karađorđe's cannon. This gesture was symbolic because 1904 was the 100th anniversary of the First Serbian Uprising. They were made in Paris by the famous Falise brothers jewellery company.
A document known as "The Swabian Mirror" or Schwabenspiegel (c. 1275) refers to the installation of the dukes of Carantania and in it mentions a crown of sorts called the "Slovenian Hat" (windischer huot). This crown was placed on the head of the duke during the enthronement ceremony. The crown or hat is described as "a grey Slovenian Hat with a grey cord and four leaves suspended from the brim". In 1358 the Habsburg Duke Rudolf IV imparted coats of arms to those provinces without them and ordered the Slovenian Hat to be placed above the arms of the Slovenian March (later called Lower Carniola and now a province of Slovenia).[citation needed]
A crown called the "ducal hat" of Carniola still exists in Graz.[10]
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The kingdoms that would consolidate to form Spain during the 15th and 16th centuries, namely the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, did not have consistent coronation ceremonies. The last recorded coronation ceremony in what would become Spain occurred in the 15th century; since then, the monarchs were not crowned, but proclaimed. As such, there was decreased importance for a coherent set of crown jewels, as these are usually themselves coronation regalia.
Much of what did exist into the modern era of the regalia of Spain was destroyed in the Great Fire of Madrid of Christmas Eve 1734. In the 18th century, King Charles III ordered a new crown and sceptre to be made. This crown is made of golden silver, and it features half-arches resting on 8 plates bearing the emblems of the Kingdom. The crown and scepter are displayed during the opening of the Cortes (Parliament). During ceremonies of accession with a new monarch, the crown and scepter are also present, but the crown itself is never placed on the monarch's head. Today they are kept by the Patrimonio Nacional (the National Heritage).
Today, there are other pieces of jewelry and historically important items that would be considered "crown jewels" in other countries but are not denominated as such in Spain. In terms of jewelry, all of the jewels and tiaras worn by the members of the Spanish Royal Family are privately owned by them. More historically important elements are kept as pieces of cultural interest in different parts of Spain. For example, the personal crown used by Isabella I of Castile, her scepters, and her sword, are kept in the Royal Chapel in the Cathedral of Granada. As a consequence, this means that beyond the crown and scepter used during important occasions of the Spanish state, there is no other element of the crown jewels of Spain.
Sweden's Crown Jewels are kept deep in the vaults of the Royal Treasury, underneath the Royal Palace in Stockholm, in a museum which is open to the public. The symbols of the Swedish monarchy have not actually been worn since 1907, but are still displayed at weddings, christenings and funerals. Until 1974 the crown jewels were also displayed at the opening of the Riksdag (Parliament). Among the oldest objects are the sword of Gustav Vasa and the crown, orb, sceptre and key of King Erik XIV and numerous other sovereigns.[11]
Ottoman Empire[edit]
- The Sword of Osman was used at the enthonement ceremonies of Ottoman Sultans.
United Kingdom[edit]
The Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom include the Cullinan Diamond (the largest diamond ever found before it was cut).
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The crown jewels of England, and now of the United Kingdom, are kept in the Tower of London. Apart from an ampoule and spoon they all date from after The Restoration of Charles II in 1661. The ancient crown jewels of England were destroyed by Oliver Cromwell in 1649 when he established the Commonwealth of England. Among the original crown jewels were Alfred the Great's State Crown described as "Gould wyerworke set with slight stones and two little bells" which once melted down the gold that it contained fetched £248 and 10 shillings, while the little 11th-century crown of Queen Edith only realised £16. It is considered that both these crowns date from the 11th century and the crown described as that of Alfred the Great is, in fact, the Crown of St Edward the Confessor and was renamed thus following the Reformation. There are conflicting legends that this ancient Crown of England still exists; that it was secreted by some Royalist and its hiding place was never revealed, although official sources state that the gold from this crown was recovered and used to make the present St Edward's Crown.
We know the appearance of the later State Crown of Henry VII, which shared their fate, as it is depicted in some of the portraits of Charles I by Daniel Mytens and Van Dyck. The state crown of Henry VII had five fleurs-de-lis, five crosses and two arches topped by a gold orb and cross. The five fleurs-de-lis each had the enameled image of a saint on the central upright petal (the front fleur-de-lis had an image of the Virgin and Child, while two of the other fleurs-de-lis had images of St George and the dragon) as well as precious stones on the two curved side petals, while the five crosses and the arches were ornamented only with precious stones. The early paintings of Charles I show the front fleur-de-lis, (as, for example, in the painting by Daniel Mytens), while later paintings show the cross on the back of the crown (i. e., the crown shown from the back), which some suggest might have been a concession to Puritan objections to the representation of saints on the state crown. There were also various sceptres, swords, coronets, rings and an Anglo-Saxon comb, Some of the pieces were probably reclaimed burial regalia, including those stripped from the rich shrine of Edward the Confessor in Westminster Abbey by Henry VIII. Various medieval garments used in past coronation ceremonies were also sold off at the time, an irreparable loss.
In 1660 when a replacement crown called St Edward's Crown was cast for the coronation of Charles II the gold from the aforementioned King Alfred's Crown (the original crown of Edward the Confessor) was used, so presumably even after the various jewels had been melted down strenuous efforts were made to recover their components. The present Imperial Crown of State is decorated with the principal surviving historic jewels, which were recovered at the time of the Restoration. These include Edward the Confessor's Sapphire, which is set in a Maltese cross at the top of the crown. This sapphire was once part of a ring owned by Edward the Confessor, which was buried with him in 1066. In 1101, when his shrine was opened and the ring removed, the sapphire was re-set in a crown worn by Henry I of England.
The Black Prince's Ruby, an enormous spinel which adorns the centre of the Imperial Crown of State, has a rich and dramatic history. It once belonged to a Sultan of Granada, who was murdered by Pedro the Cruel, King of Castille. He presented it to Edward, the Black Prince, in gratitude for his military assistance at the Battle of Navaretto in 1367. It was inherited by Edward's son, Richard II of England. Richard had it in his possession when he surrendered to his cousin, the future Henry IV of England in Wales in 1399. Henry later usurped the throne and Richard was murdered. Henry's son, Henry V of England, wore this stone in the crown he wore around his helmet at the Battle of Agincourt. During the battle a bejewelled gold fleuron was struck from this same crown and lost. The stone was similarly worn in the crown of Richard III of England at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. When Richard was killed during the fighting it famously rolled under a hawthorn bush to be retrieved by Lord Stanley and placed on the head of the victorious Henry Tudor, later Henry VII of England. The Imperial Crown of State also contains pearls worn as earrings by Queen Elizabeth I of England; these are suspended from the arches of the crown.
Isle of Man[edit]
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The crown jewels of the Kingdom of Man consist of a ceremonial sword known as the Manx Sword of State. The Sword of State is carried by the sword bearer before the Queens personal representative to the Isle of Man, the Lieutenant Governor, at each meeting of Tynwald day and dates from not later than the 12th century. It is popularly said to be the sword of Olaf the Black, who became King of Mann and the Isles in 1226. Recent analysis of the sword has determined that it is a 15th-century design, and probably made in London. The blade itself is thought to have been fitted in the late 16th or 17th century. It is possible that the sword was made for the 1422 Tynwald meeting that was attended by Sir John Stanley. The sword has a two-edged steel blade, 29 inches long, with a hardwood hilt, 9 inches long, which tapers from the guard to the pommel. The guard is a thin steel band, 11 inches across, surmounted where the guard intersects the blade with shields carrying the 'Three Legs of Man', which also appear on the flattened pommel.
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The Honours, or 'crown jewels', including the Stone of Scone, are kept in Edinburgh Castle. They are the oldest surviving crown jewels in the United Kingdom. The crown dates from at least 1540 and the sceptre and the sword were gifts by Pope Alexander VI and Pope Julius II respectively to the King of Scotland in the 15th and 16th centuries. They were hidden during the Interregnum. The Honours of Scotland were almost forgotten following their last use at the coronation of Charles II in 1651 until they were discovered in a chest inside Edinburgh Castle in the early 19th century.
A 'golden royal crown' pre-dating the existing 'Honours' had been in existence. It is recorded that it was seized by the English authorities following a search of the luggage of the deposed John Balliol as he attempted to leave England and make his way to exile in France following his release from imprisonment in London in 1299. This crown was sent to King Edward I in London where it was probably placed with the English crown jewels at Westminster Abbey. The later fate of this crown is not entirely clear, but it may have been returned to Scotland during the negotiations between Robert I of Scotland and Edward II of England (following the English defeat at Bannockburn in 1314) or perhaps was returned to Scotland for use in the coronation of Edward Balliol when he was installed as king of Scots by England in 1332. Nevertheless, it is not in existence today.
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The original regalia of the Welsh princes have been lost. Llywelyn's coronet was kept after its capture with the English crown jewels between 1284 and 1649.
- The Papal Tiara is kept in the Vatican City. For further Information, see Papal regalia and insignia.
Brazil (Empire of Brazil)[edit]
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The Imperial Crown of Brazil along with other regalia and mementos of the Brazilian Empire are kept at the Imperial Museum of Brazil (Museu Imperial) in the former summer palace of Brazilian emperor Pedro II, in Petrópolis, Brazil. Some pieces are also owned by the jewellery collector Aimée de Heeren, former mistress of President Getúlio Vargas.
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The Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia has a crown, presented to Prince Philippe of Araucania in 1986 by a group of Araucanian nobles. Previously, the Royal House had no crown. Made of steel and containing stones from the Biobío River, it is on display at the Museum of the Kings of Araucania, outside the village of Chourgnac d'Ans, Dordogne, France.
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Prior to the Spanish conquest (1519–1522) most of present-day Mexico formed the Aztec Empire, a Native American empire ruled from Tenochtitlán (present day Mexico City) by a tlatoani or "emperor". The ceremonial feathered headdress or quetzalāpanecayōtl that was worn by Montezuma II (the last reigning emperor) was seized by the Spanish Conquistadors in c. 1520 and sent back to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain as a gift. Remarkably, it still survives and Montezuma's headdress can be seen at the Museum of Ethnology, Vienna (inventory number 10402VO) along with other ancient Mexican artifacts.
Setting aside the artifacts of Aztec and Spanish rule, there are also extant remnants of the imperial regalia of the First Mexican Empire and Second Mexican Empire.
Some of the Crown Jewels and the original Thrones of the Kingdom of Hawaii reside within the custody of the Bishop Museum. The King's crown is owned by the State of Hawaii. All are currently on display at Iolani Palace.
The two royals crowns were ordered from England in 1883 during Kalakaua's coronation. Worn once and only by Kalakaua and his Queen Kapiolani, they were damaged by looters during the overthrow but later restored and replace with glass jewels. An earlier crown belonging to the Kamehameha Dynasty may have existed. In 1855, missionary Samuel C. Damon, who attended the funeral of Kamehameha III, mentioned "At the foot and in front of the coffin was the Royal Crown, covered with crape, resting upon a velvet cushion" at the foot of the King's casket.[12] This crown was still being stored in the Royal Tomb at Pohukaina when Russian explorer Aleksei Vysheslavtsev visited the coral-house mausoleum during the funeral of John William Pitt Kīnaʻu in 1859.[13] In May 26, 1861, Sophia Cracroft, the niece of Lady Franklin, also described the crown during a visit to Pohukaina.[14] If there ever was such a crown, it was either interred in the Royal Mausoleum with the last of the Kamehameha kings or became lost by 1883. King Lunalilo was buried in 1874 with a silver crown bore by John Makini Kapena in his funeral procession. This crown was kept in the Lunalilo Mausoleum until 1917 when it was stolen by two robbers named Albert Gerbode and Paul Payne from Key West, Florida and subsequently melted into a silver bar.[15][16][17]
Copies of the thrones can be seen at Iolani Palace. Some of the crown jewels lie in state with the royals at the Royal Mausoleum at Mauna Ala. Feather cloak and wear are among the oldest of Hawaiian regalias: Nāhiʻenaʻena's Paū, the 180 feather skirt of Nāhiʻenaʻena and later the funeral attire for the dead monarch while lying in state; Kamehameha's Cloak, the war-cloak of Kamehameha I made entirely of the golden-yellow feathers of the now-extinct mamo, which was used to drape the throne of the King when it wasn't being worn; Kīwalaʻō's Cloak, a.k.a. the Queen's Cloak, the cloak won by Kamehameha during his battle with Kiwalao, and used to drape the throne of the Queen; and Liloa's Kaei, the feather belt of Liloa, the 14th-century King of Hawaii. Also the Kiha-pu or the War Trumpet (Conch Shell) of Kihanuilulumoku which is one generation older than Liloa's Kaei.
New Zealand[edit]
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Kingitanga is an unofficial kingdom, but one that has become an important one to the Māori people today. The current monarch is Tuheitia Paki. The crown regalia consists of a cloak.
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The Kingdom of Tahiti had a crown. The crown was a gift from the London Missionary Society to King Pōmare III for his coronation in 1824. The original is housed in the "Musée de Tahiti et des Îles" in Punaauia.
See also[edit]
- Crown Jewel Defense - a strategy in mergers and acquisitions
- ^ "The Coronation of His Imperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie I". Rasta Ites. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
- ^ Mashayekh, Sara (2006). "The Breathtaking Jewelry Museum of Iran". Rozaneh Magazine. Retrieved 2013-12-27.
- ^ "About Treasury of National Jewels". Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Retrieved 2013-12-27.
- ^ Daly, Kathleen; O'Day, Rosemary. France, England and Burgundy in the Fifteenth Century. The Open University. pp. 63–4.
- ^ a b Twining, Edward Twining, Baron (1967). European Regalia. London: B. T. Batsford. p. 19.
- ^ Kuznetsova, L. K. (2007). "О роли ювелирно-минералогической экспертизы в атрибуции знаков инвеституры Гиоргия XII — последнего царя Восточной Грузии [Role of jeweler-mineralogical study in attribution of regalia of George XII, the last King of Eastern Georgia". Экспертиза произведений изобразительного искусства.: Материалы конференции 23—25 ноября 2005 г. [Expert examination of applied artworks: Materials of the conference of 23-25 November 2005] (in Russian). Moscow: Magnum Ars. pp. 188–196.
- ^ Bichikashvili, Ioseb L. (2000). "О знаках инвеституры последних царей Картли и Кахети — Ираклия II и его сына Георгия XII" [On the signs of investiture of the last kings of Kartli and Kakheti — Heraclius II and his son George XII]. Gerboved' (in Russian). 44 (6): 112–134.
- ^ "Riksregaliene". Nidarosdomen og Erkebispegården. Retrieved 2014-01-23.
- ^ "Coroana de Oțel" [Steel Crown] (in Romanian). National Museum of Romanian History. July 26, 2012. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
- ^ Šavli, Josef (1993). "Carantanian Hat, An Ancient Sign of Sovereignty". The Augustan Omnibus. Book #14: 37ff. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
- ^ "Regal Symbols". Royal Court/Monarchy. Royal Court of Sweden. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
- ^ "Letters from Polynesia: Funeral of Kamehameha III". Naval Journal. 27. American Seamen's Friend Society. 1855. pp. 249–251.
- ^ Wiswell, Ella L. (1983). "Russian Traveler's Impressions of Hawaii and Tahiti, 1859-1860". Hawaiian Journal of History. Hawaiian Historical Society. 17: 97. hdl:10524/390.
- ^ Cracroft, Sophia; Franklin, Jane; Queen Emma (1958). Korn, Alfons L., ed. The Victorian visitors: an account of the Hawaiian Kingdom, 1861-1866, including the journal letters of Sophia Cracroft: extracts from the journals of Lady Franklin, and diaries and letters of Queen Emma of Hawaii. The University Press of Hawaii. pp. 120–121. ISBN 978-0-87022-421-8.
- ^ "Order of Procession For The Funeral of His Late Majesty Lunalilo". The Hawaiian Gazette. February 25, 1874. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
- ^ "Crown of Lunalilo Melted For Silver". The Maui News. May 31, 1918. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
- ^ Budnick, Rich (2005). Hawaii's Forgotten History: 1900-1999: The Good...The Bad...The Embarrassing. Honolulu: Aloha Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-944081-04-4.
External links[edit]
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