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Worth County Rams defensive standout Marlin Hall is eager to head to the Sunshine State to help kick start a new college football program.
In front of Worth Co. classmates and teammates Thursday, Hall signed a letter of intent to play for Stetson University in Deland, FL.
The Hatters will play their first football game in over five decades this fall.
Hall says he's looking forward to making his mark on the young program.
"I feel like I can go down there and make a difference right away," he says. "I feel like there's something special down there, and we're going to have something special in the coming years."
The Hatters will play in the Football Championship Subdivision's Pioneer League.
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Albany, GA 31706 (229) 446-1010
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text: Namco Bandai "Thinking About" Vesperia 2Owen Good10/17/09 9:00pmFiled to: tales of vesperiaNamco Bandaivesperia190EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Namco Bandai hosted a developer discussion in Shinjuku to celebrate the theatrical release of Tales of Vesperia: The First Strike, and Namco's general manager intimated that "there's a desire" to make a sequel, according to Famitsu. Advertisement Taking pre-screened questions, Makoto Yoshizumi, the Namco Bandai general manager, said staff would pester him during meetings "Will you be making Vesperia 2?" His reply: 'Don't talk like a fan!" However, "It appears that [within the company] there's a desire to make part 2. We're thinking about it."Sequel thoughts aren't limited to just games. Yoshizumi said the company is also contemplating things they'd like to see if another Vesperia movie were made. "I don't know when it will happen, but we'd like to show [these things] in video form," he said. Advertisement Namco Bandai "Thinking About" Making Tales of Vesperia 2 [VG247]

subset: commoncrawl


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Do you have a question about the Grange Langham Court Hotel? Our list of Frequently Asked Questions should help you find out what you need to know. If your query is not answered below, please get in touch via our Hotel Contacts page.
What is your standard check-in time?
Our standard check-in time is from 14:00 Monday-Thursday and Sunday, and from 15:00 Friday-Saturday. You may request an earlier check-in when making your reservation, but we cannot always guarantee that your room will be ready at this time-particularly if it has been booked from the previous night. You will however be able to leave your luggage with us at the concierge desk until your room becomes available.
What is your normal check-out time? Can this be extended?
Our normal check-out time is until 11.00, Monday-Sunday. Late check-out is chargeable at £15.00 per extra hour. Guests wishing to check out later than 17:00 will be charged for a full night's accommodation.
I do not have a credit card – can I still make a hotel booking?
Unfortunately online hotel bookings cannot be made unless a valid credit card can be provided to secure your reservation. Should you wish to book a room without a credit card, you can contact our Central Reservations team to make a provisional booking. Please note that provisional bookings will automatically be released by 14:00 on the date of arrival so you must check in ahead of this time.
What types of credit card do you accept as payment?
We accept the following cards for payment and booking: Visa, MasterCard, JCB, American Express and Diners Club International.
What is your cancellation policy?
For individual bookings made at our Best Available Rates, rooms must be cancelled no later than 24 hours prior to arrival. For corporate bookings made using agreed Corporate Rates, rooms must be cancelled by 14:00 on the day of arrival. Rooms booked at special rates may be subject to different cancellation terms, so please check your booking confirmation for details.
In the event that you do not arrive or cancel your room with appropriate notice, your credit card will be charged for the first night's accommodation plus 20% of that amount.
I have a lot of luggage, will someone be able to help me get it to my room?
Yes, our team of porters and concierge are on hand 24 hours a day to provide assistance with luggage, bulky equipment or large packages. Should you wish to contact them prior to arrival, please get in touch via our hotel contact page.
What is the difference between your room types?
We offer Superior, Executive and Triple rooms, which are all fully en-suite. The main difference between each room type is the size of the bed: Superior rooms have single, twin or double beds, and Executive rooms have double, twin or large double beds. Triple rooms are ideal for families or groups, and offer one double bed and one single bed, plus extra space. More detailed information on each room type can be found on our Bedrooms pages.
Are pets allowed in your bedrooms?
With the exception of guide dogs or helper dogs, we regret that pets are not allowed in any of our hotel rooms.
Can I smoke in my bedroom or around the hotel?
All our hotel rooms are non-smoking and smoking is not permitted in any part of the hotel building. Guests found smoking in their rooms will be subject to deep cleaning charges of no less than £100.00.
Do you offer any promotional rates on rooms?
Our room rates are not fixed and vary depending on availability, room type and terms of stay. Guests who are not booked on special rates will automatically be offered our Best Available Rate. Details of our current promotions and packages can be found on our Special Offers pages.
Can you put a cot or an extra bed in my room for my children?
Yes, cots are available free of charge for infants aged 2 years and under.
Do you have babysitting or crèche facilities?
We do not offer babysitting or crèche facilities in the hotel, but we are happy to refer our guests to a reputable 3rd party babysitting agency. Please note that this service is chargeable and subject to 48 hours' notice.
Do you have food menus that are suitable for children?
Yes, the Langham Brasserie offers a range of options for younger diners. Sample menus can be viewed on the restaurant page in our Bars and Restaurants section.
Do you charge for Wi-Fi and internet use?
We are pleased to offer complimentary Wi-Fi in all bedrooms and public areas within the hotel. To obtain our Wi-Fi network password, please contact the hotel reception desk.
Does your hotel offer any business services?
Our Business Centre on the Ground Floor has a PC workstation which you can use for word processing, internet browsing and email. Photocopying and printing services can also be provided on request.
Can I use the hotel for business meetings?
Yes, we have two dedicated meeting rooms that can host a range of events – from business meetings and conferences to Christmas dinners and workshops. For detailed descriptions of our meeting rooms and their capacities, please browse our Meetings and Events pages.
Do you have an in-house restaurant?
Yes, the Grange Langham Court has an in-house restaurant called the Langham Brasserie, which serves a range of French cuisine and Spanish tapas. Drinks and light refreshments are also served in Foley's Lounge Bar. Opening times are given on individual pages.
Do you offer alternatives for people with dietary requirements?
We are pleased to cater for a range of diets, including vegan, vegetarian, halal and kosher. If you have an allergy or very specific dietary needs we would strongly recommend that you notify the hotel of this in advance so the necessary arrangements can be made. To make a table booking please contact our Reception desk.
Is there a dress code in your restaurants and bars?
The dress code in our restaurants, bars and public areas is smart/casual.
What time do your restaurants close?
Please refer to individual bar/restaurant opening and closing times on our Bar and Restaurant pages.
Does the hotel have in-house gym or spa facilities?
We do not have gym or spa facilities on site. All guests can however use the luxury gym, spa and pool facilities at the Grange Holborn Hotel – our 5-Star sister hotel, located just a short walk away. Guest passes for the gym can be bought at Reception for £10.00 each. Full details of facilities and opening times are given on the Holborn Health and Fitness Club page.
Where are your nearest car parking facilities?
There is on-street parking available outside the hotel (parking meter charges apply). The nearest car park is Clipstone Car Park located on Clipstone Street, which has 208 car park spaces. Please telephone 020 7580 0498 for details of current parking charges, or visit http://en.parkopedia.co.uk/ for more parking locations.
Which underground or rail stations are closest to your hotel?
Our nearest underground stations are Oxford Circus (Central, Victoria and Bakerloo lines) and Great Portland Street (Hammersmith and City, Circle and Metropolitan lines).
How far is your hotel from the airport?
The Grange Langham Court is approximately 1 hour from London Heathrow airport, 1 hour 30 minutes from London Gatwick, and 30 minutes from London City airport.
Can you arrange for an airport pick up?
Yes. If you wish to be collected from the airport upon arrival, please get in touch with us and provide your complete flight details, your name, and your phone number. We will then arrange a pick up via a local taxi company.
How much is a taxi to or from the airport?
Taxi fares vary depending on the airport destination, the number of passengers and the proposed time of travel. Please contact the hotel with your travel details to obtain a quote.
Does your hotel offer accessible rooms for guests with impairments or disabilities?
Unfortunately the hotel does not offer any accessible bedrooms at the present time.
Are there lifts in the hotel?
Yes, we have a central lifts that serve all floors in the hotel.
Does the hotel offer step-free access?
Yes, we have a portable wheelchair ramp that can be used to provide step-free access from the main hotel entrance on Langham Street.
Does the hotel have disabled toilets?
Yes, disabled public toilets are available in our public areas.
Is the hotel fitted with hard of hearing (induction) loops?
A portable hard of hearing loop can be provided at our reception desk if needed. A portable deaf guard strobe and vibration alarm is also provided in all our bedrooms, for guests with hearing or sight impairments.
Are guide dogs permitted in your rooms and restaurants?
Guide dogs and helper dogs are welcome in all bedrooms, restaurants and public areas in the hotel.
Do you have disabled parking?
There are a limited number of disabled parking bays around the hotel – these are clearly marked with a disabled sign. Disabled parking bays are also available at the nearby Clipstone Car Park Car Park (Clipstone Street, Clipstone Mews, London W1P 7DL) – located approximately 100m from the hotel entrance. Please telephone 020 7580 0498 for current parking charges, or visit http://en.parkopedia.co.uk/ for more parking locations.


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Hardy Viburnum
One of the best flowering landscape shrubs
Viburnums are wonderful for landscape planting, as they boast a wide variety of sizes and growth habits, have distinct and fragrant blooms, offer showy fall, bird-attracting berries, and display excellent foliage that, in some varieties, turns a purplish-red or brilliant red in autumn! Viburnums are also hardy, resistant to serious pests, adaptable to a variety of soils, require little pruning, and tend to grow in either sun or shade. For increased fruit production, it is recommended that you grow two different varieties with the same bloom seasons.


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Of all the homemade ice creams I make, this is my favorite. The combination of banana and citrus flavors is simply delicious.—Sharon Dearden, Henefer, Utah
Homemade Frosting Recipes
- 3 cups milk
- 3 cups sugar
- 3 medium ripe bananas, mashed
- 1-1/3 cups orange juice
- 2/3 cup lemon juice
- 3 cups heavy whipping cream
- In a large saucepan, heat milk to 175°; stir in sugar until dissolved. Cool quickly by placing pan in a bowl of ice water; stir for 2 minutes.
- In a large bowl, combine the bananas, orange juice and lemon juice; stir in cream and milk mixture.
- Fill cylinder of ice cream freezer two-thirds full; freeze according to the manufacturer's directions. Refrigerate remaining mixture until ready to freeze. When ice cream is frozen, transfer to a freezer container; freeze for 2-4 hours before serving. Yield: about 3 quarts.
Originally published as Citrus-Banana Ice Cream in Taste of Home's Holiday & Celebrations Cookbook
Annual 2009, p92
Sweet White Wine
Enjoy this recipe with a sweet white wine such as Moscato or a sweet Riesling.
Reviews for Citrus-Banana Ice Cream
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Spectacular Desktop
2011 November 14
Hanging at the back wall of the Radio City Music Hall stage is a forty foot high LED screen. The content for this screen is played back by a computer especially designed for the task. So, when this computer requires maintenance, the back of the stage becomes a giant computer desktop.
One Response
leave one →
November 19, 2011
This is a terrific shot, not only because I'm in love with silhouettes and computer desktops, but because that dude is looking into that trap door like he just found a stray Rockette.


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LINE 16 dearness Fred Frith, guitar, voice Spool is very pleased to announce the release of dearness, featuring Fred Frith, certainly one of the great contributors to adventurous new music, John Oswald, (in)famous for his landmark plunderphonics work, and Anne Bourne, who carries her sense of musical adventure along with her cello gracefully across the musical spectrum. This concert recording captures the trio at the Rivoli in Toronto, Canada in 1998, kicking up a sonic dust storm. Recorded live at the Rivoli, Toronto, August 1998. Concert Produced by Rough Idea. Recording facilitated by Phil Strong. Mastered by Myles Boisen at Headless Buddha Mastering Labs, Oakland, Ca. |
What the critics are saying: "...While Frith taps and scrapes his strings and Oswald swerves between textures, Bourne sings, sighs and bows to incite an initial calm. Frith responds with spectral slide work and Oswald with otherworldly cries and whispers. For the remainder, it is Bourne, with gambits ranging from an agitated arco motif to plaintive vocalisations, who triggers transitions in this sprawling soundscape. "This 1998 live recording is a successful combination of artists: guitarist Fred Frith with cellist Anne Bourne and sax squawker John Oswald. The main set is about 40 minutes long and impresses throughout. Frith's emphasis on vibrato and delay seems to dictate the kinds of ideas the three of them come up with, and all three are in great form, able to invent shifting rhythmic ideas and melodic statements to match the implied rhythms of the effects. Oswald shows nice range in his sax playing, sounding plaintive, dirty and angry. Bourne's cello playing is equal parts full-bore sawing and more delicate passages, where she and Frith duet with Oswald's punctuations. All three mimic each other's ideas with wordless vocalising, and they each display strong improvising skills. This concert would have been a great show, and this recording has miles of headroom." —David Dacks, Exclaim "...It's another example of Frith with some fine musicians creating something greater than their individual selves...What the sound dictates on [this release] is odd and enigmatic, an internal logic not easily dissected but rewarding to absorb." —Kurt Gottschalk, Signal to Noise |


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There's only one thing I can think to say about this...
That's it Tom Brady is done. lol..... all they have is one back up and he isn't even of quality. Brady has been listed "probable" every single game this year and last year. If his shoulder blows they need a back up.
Shouldn't Vinny just kick back and play with his grandkids somewhere?
The poster formerly known as Rimfire
No, being the third string quarterback for the New Englad Patriots is just how he lives his life now.This quote is hidden because you are ignoring this member. Show Quote
I knew the Patriots were saving their salary cap space for a big aquisition!
The Patriots are welcome to him. For once in the last 3 years I think the Jets will actually be okay at QB for the rest of the year. Pennington is doing a great job and having Kellen Clemens and Pat Ramsey behind him really helps.This quote is hidden because you are ignoring this member. Show Quote
PACER FAN ON STRIKE!!!-The moment the Pacers fire Larry Bird I will cheer for them again.
The real reason the Pats went after him is because they had no real emergency #3 QB. If Brady went down and then Cassell did as well, Troy Brown would be playing QB. Lol
If Troy Brown went in, I'd have to call him the greatest football player, ever. That would be too much!This quote is hidden because you are ignoring this member. Show Quote
he's taken snaps in a game b4 i think.
08 and Beyond


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Tactical Dreadnought Armour, or Terminator Armour as it is more usually known, is the most resilient form of personal protection available to the Adeptus Astartes. Originally developed during the closing years of the Great Crusade, and adapted from the heaviest of industrial gear, several types and patterns were developed concurrently.
Of these, the Indomitus pattern is perhaps the most widespread, due to its template being held on key Forge Worlds such as Mars, although Tartaros Pattern Terminator armour is also issued to the Veterans of a Chapter's 1st Company. Perhaps the most advanced form of Tactical Dreadnought Armour, the Tartaros pattern shares many systems with the MkIV 'Maximus' pattern of power armour, and provides greater mobility for its wearer than the Indomitus pattern with no loss in durability or protection.
The Tartaros Pattern Terminators set, models designed by Will Hayes, is a full resin kit that comprises five Terminators, armed with power fists, a power sword, storm bolters, a heavy flamer and enough optional attachments to arm four Space Marines with chainfists.
Please note that these models are not compatible with our range of Terminator Shoulder Pads.
This detailed squad will be available to purchase in limited numbers at the Forge World Open Day on Sunday 1st April, and is also available to pre-order now for despatch from 10th April.


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Wait For ItIn Cryptography teasers, a phrase or expressions has been encoded in some way (frequently by replacing letters with other letters). You need to figure out the encoding method and then decode the message to find the answer.All of these quotations have a common theme. Can you decipher them?
YRIG JZDS DIBKI PRS SUZG DYJUE JUE PJTY. - NSRU OTZYSU JZZ YRTUWD HSOI BSFUE YS RTO PRS PTZZ VFY PJTY. - RIUBG PJEDPSBYR ZSUWXIZZSP PI HSFZE UIKIB ZIJBU YS VI VBJKI JUE LJYTIUY, TX YRIBI PIBI SUZG NSG TU YRI PSBZE. - RIZIU QIZZIB YRTUWD OJG HSOI YS YRSDI PRS PJTY, VFY SUZG YRI YRTUWD ZIXY VIRTUE VG YRSDI PRS RFDYZI. - JVBJRJO ZTUHSZU What Next?
See another brain teaser just like this one... Or, just get a random brain teaser If you become a registered user you can vote on this brain teaser, keep track of which ones you have seen, and even make your own. Back to Top |


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News & Reviews
"Trungpa's clear-headed vision shows us that celebrating life is based on appreciating ourselves. This book is a masterpiece of clarity and insight. "—East West Journal
"Trungpa's warrior is a most appealing figure, embodying qualities that every spiritual tradition would hold dear. The principal discipline recommended here—being genuine moment after moment—allows one to discover the magic inherent in phenomena, where the synchronization of body and mind becomes an attunement to the natural order. "—Yoga Journal
"Shambhala provides a clear depiction of the results and, thus, the reasons for meditation practice as a source of strength for daily living and spiritual growth. "—Body, Mind & Spirit


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Media Contacts
Carol Hively, Director - Public Relations and Team Communications
[email protected]
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (Jun. 14, 2011) -- The Space Foundation welcomes the We Want Our Future initiative as its newest Certified Educational Product partner.
Launched and managed by University of Colorado graduate students and based in Boulder, Colo., the We Want Our Future initiative is a worldwide outreach project that challenges students to dream about what they want their future to look like - specifically with respect to space. This project, which exclusively promotes space exploration as a generational priority, is a "for students, by students" initiative that calls attention to the necessity of space in our collective future. The initiative combines art and creativity with science and technology in an effort to inspire future STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) leaders and increase overall space and technology literacy among the planet's youth.
We Want Our Future is a grassroots program that works with teachers, students, authors, producers and astronauts to develop and distribute outreach materials that challenge and motivate young children to dream about and have the courage to work towards their futures.
The materials, which include an introduction letter from former NASA astronaut Joe Tanner and a short, inspirational video highlighting the benefits of exploration, are distributed free via www.wewantourfuture.org.
Students participating in the program are asked to imagine future space-related careers where science, technology, engineering and math are important, and to express their ideas through postcard drawings and short written explanations of why that future is important and inspiring. The drawings are then sent to We Want Our Future, which uses them to promote continued space exploration.
"This program has grown and expanded in ways we never could have imagined when it was created," said We Want Our Future Executive Director Bradley Cheetham. "We have amazing submissions from students across the planet depicting an exciting future of space exploration."
"In reviewing student submissions, volunteers often find themselves inspired by the unfettered dreams of today's students; it really shows that many students are hungry for the opportunity to dream and be creative," said Director of Operations Matthew Cannella.
Cheetham and Cannella are both pursuing Ph.D.s in aerospace engineering sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder. Currently, 13 other students from around the country are involved with the management of the program.
About Certified Educational Products
Certified Educational Products are selected by the Space Foundation and identified as those used in educational environments to stimulate interest and knowledge about space. Education is key to the mission of the Space Foundation and supporting these products inspires each new generation.
Space Foundation Certified Educational Products include:
For more information, go to www.SpaceConnection.org.
About Space Certification
The Space Foundation launched the Space Certification program in 1996 to demonstrate how products and services developed for space improve life on Earth. This unique branding program allows qualifying products and services to display the official Space Certification seal and to benefit from cooperative market programs.
The Space Foundation works closely with NASA to identify and validate products and services eligible for recognition. There are three classifications of Space Foundation Certified Products:
About the Space Foundation
The Space Foundation is a global, nonprofit organization and the foremost advocate for all sectors of the space industry - civil, commercial, military and intelligence. Founded in 1983, the Space Foundation is a leader in space awareness activities, educational programs that bring space into the classroom, and major industry events, including the National Space Symposium, all in support of its mission "to advance space-related endeavors to inspire, enable and propel humanity." An expert in all aspects of the global space industry, the Space Foundation publishes The Space Report: The Authoritative Guide to Global Space Activity and provides three indices that track daily performance of the space industry. Through its Space Certification and Space Technology Hall of Fame® programs, the Space Foundation recognizes space-based technologies and innovations that have been adapted to improve life on Earth. Headquartered in Colorado Springs, the Space Foundation conducts research and analysis and government affairs activities from its Washington, D.C., office and has field representatives in Houston, Texas, and Cape Canaveral, Fla. For more information, visit www.SpaceFoundation.org. Follow us on Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn, and read about the latest space news and Space Foundation activities in Space Watch.
Carol Hively, Director - Public Relations and Team Communications
[email protected]


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The evil goddess Hera has frightened the great Cretan bull! The bull is going wild and ruining the roads and many buildings. Help Hercules save the day by taming the great Cretan Bull.
Meet heroes, gods, fight beasts and build Wonders! Collect and solve incredible puzzles. Enjoy colorful comics and Hercules' surprising tricks.
Accompany Hercules in his quest for the Cretan Bull!
Use Coupon: NEW299
* Collector's Editions and free to play games not included.


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School of Salamanca
This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
The School of Salamanca (Spanish: Escuela de Salamanca) is the Renaissance of thought in diverse intellectual areas by Spanish and Portuguese theologians, rooted in the intellectual and pedagogical work of Francisco de Vitoria. From the beginning of the 16th century the traditional Catholic conception of man and of his relation to God and to the world had been assaulted by the rise of humanism, by the Protestant Reformation and by the new geographical discoveries and their consequences. These new problems were addressed by the School of Salamanca. The name refers to the University of Salamanca, where de Vitoria and others of the school were based.
The leading figures of the school, theologians and jurists Francisco de Vitoria, Domingo de Soto, Martín de Azpilcueta (or Azpilicueta), Tomás de Mercado, and Francisco Suárez, were all scholars of natural law and of morality, who undertook the reconciliation of the teachings of Thomas Aquinas with the new political-economic order. The themes of study centered on man and his practical problems (morality, economics, jurisprudence, etc.), but almost equally on a particular body of work accepted by all of them, as the ground against which to test their disagreements, including at times bitter polemics within the School.
The School of Salamanca in the broad sense may be considered more narrowly as two schools of thought coming in succession, that of the Salmanticenses and that of the Conimbricenses from the University of Coimbra. The first began with Francisco de Vitoria (1483–1546), and reached its high point with Domingo de Soto (1494–1560). The Conimbricenses were Jesuits who, from the end of 16th century took over the intellectual leadership of the Catholic world from the Dominicans. Among those Jesuits were Luis de Molina (1535–1600), the aforementioned Francisco Suárez (1548–1617), and Giovanni Botero (1544–1617), who would continue the tradition in Italy.
The juridical doctrine of the School of Salamanca represented the end of medieval concepts of law, with a revindication of liberty not habitual in Europe of that time. The natural rights of man came to be, in one form or another, the center of attention, including rights as a corporeal being (right to life, economic rights such as the right to own property) and spiritual rights (the right to freedom of thought and to human dignity).
The School of Salamanca reformulated the concept of natural law: law originating in nature itself, with all that exists in the natural order sharing in this law. Their conclusion was, given that all humans share the same nature, they also share the same rights to life and liberty. Such views constituted a novelty in European thought and went counter to those then predominant in Spain and Europe that people indigenous to the Americas had no such rights.
This section includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. (October 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
The School of Valencia distinguished two realms of power, the natural or civil realm and the realm of the supernatural, which were often conflated in the Middle Ages through granting royal control of investiture of bishops, or the temporal powers of the pope. One direct consequence of the separation of realms of power is that the king or emperor does not legitimately have jurisdiction over souls, nor does the pope have legitimate temporal power. This included the proposal that there are limits on the legitimate powers of government. Thus, according to Luis de Molina a nation is analogous to a mercantile society (the antecedent of a modern corporation) in that those who govern are holders of power (effectively sovereigns) but a collective power, to which they are subject, derives from them jointly. Nonetheless, in de Molina's view, the power of society over the individual is greater than that of a mercantile society over its members, because the power of the government of a nation emanates from God's divine power (as against merely from the power of individuals sovereign over themselves in their business dealings).
At this time, the monarchy of England was extending the theory of the divine right of kings—under which the monarch is the unique legitimate recipient of the emanation of God's power—asserting that subjects must follow the monarch's orders, in order not to contravene said design. Counter to this, several adherents of the School sustained that the people are the vehicle of divine sovereignty, which they, in turn, pass to a prince under various conditions. Possibly the one who went furthest in this direction was Francisco Suárez, whose work Defensio Fidei Catholicae adversus Anglicanae sectae errores (The Defense of the Catholic Faith against the errors of the Anglican sect 1613) was the strongest defense in this period of popular sovereignty. Men are born free by their nature and not as slaves of another man, and can disobey even to the point of deposing an unjust government. As with de Molina, he affirms that political power does not reside in any one concrete person, but he differs subtly in that he considers that the recipient of that power is the people as a whole, not a collection of sovereign individuals—in the same way, Jean-Jacques Rousseau's theory of popular sovereignty would consider the people as a collective group superior to the sum that composes it.
Gabriel Vázquez (1549–1604) held that natural law is not limited to the individual, but obliges societies to act in accord and be treated with justice.
For Suárez, the political power of society is contractual in origin because the community forms by consensus of free wills. The consequence of this contractualist theory is that the natural form of government is either a democracy or a republic, while oligarchy or monarchy arise as secondary institutions, whose claim to justice is based on being forms chosen (or at least consented to) by the people.
The law of peoples and international law[edit]
Francisco de Vitoria was perhaps the first to develop a theory of ius gentium (the rights of peoples), and thus is an important figure in the transition to modernity. He extrapolated his ideas of legitimate sovereign power to society at the international level, concluding that this scope as well ought to be ruled by just forms respectable of the rights of all. The common good of the world is of a category superior to the good of each state. This meant that relations between states ought to pass from being justified by force to being justified by law and justice. Some scholars have upset the standard account of the origins of International law, which emphasises the seminal text De iure belli ac pacis by Grotius, and argued for Vitoria and, later, Suárez's importance as forerunners and, potentially, founders of the field.[1] Others, such as Koskenniemi, have argued that none of these humanist and scholastic thinkers can be understood to have founded international law in the modern sense, instead placing its origins in the post-1870 period.[2]
Francisco Suárez subdivided the concept of ius gentium. Working with already well-formed categories, he carefully distinguished ius inter gentes from ius intra gentes. Ius inter gentes (which corresponds to modern international law) was something common to the majority of countries, although being positive law, not natural law, was not necessarily universal. On the other hand, ius intra gentes, or civil law, is specific to each nation.
Just war[edit]
Given that war is one of the worst evils suffered by mankind, the adherents of the School reasoned that it ought to be resorted to only when it was necessary in order to prevent an even greater evil. A diplomatic agreement is preferable, even for the more powerful party, before a war is started. Examples of "just war" are:
- In self-defense, as long as there is a reasonable possibility of success. If failure is a foregone conclusion, then it is just a wasteful spilling of blood.
- Preventive war against a tyrant who is about to attack.
- War to punish a guilty enemy.
A war is not legitimate or illegitimate simply based on its original motivation: it must comply with a series of additional requirements:
- It is necessary that the response be commensurate with the evil; use of more violence than is strictly necessary would constitute an unjust war.
- Governing authorities declare war, but their decision is not sufficient cause to begin a war. If the people oppose a war, then it is illegitimate. The people have a right to depose a government that is waging, or is about to wage, an unjust war.
- Once war has begun, there remain moral limits to action. For example, one may not attack innocents or kill hostages.
- It is obligatory to take advantage of all options for dialogue and negotiations before undertaking a war; war is only legitimate as a last resort.
Under this doctrine, expansionist wars, wars of pillage, wars to convert infidels or pagans, and wars for glory are all inherently unjust.
The conquest of America[edit]
In this period, in which colonialism began, Spain was the only western European nation in which a group of intellectuals questioned the legitimacy of conquest rather than simply trying to justify it by traditional means.
Francisco de Vitoria began his analysis of conquest by rejecting "illegitimate titles". He was the first to dare to question whether the bulls of Alexander VI known collectively as the Bulls of Donation were a valid title of dominion over the newly discovered territories. In this matter he did not accept the universal primacy of the emperor, the authority of the pope (because the pope, according to him, lacked temporal power), nor the claim of voluntary submission or conversion of the Native Americans. One could not consider them sinners or lacking in intelligence: they were free people by nature, with legitimate property rights. When the Spanish arrived in America they brought no legitimate title to occupy those lands and become their master.
Vitoria also analyzed whether there were legitimate claims of title over discovered lands. He elaborated up to eight legitimate titles of dominion. The first and perhaps most fundamental relates to communication between people, who jointly constitute a universal society. Ius peregrinandi et degendi is the right of every human being to travel and do commerce in all parts of the earth, independently of who governs or what is the religion of the territory. For him, if the "Indians" of the Americas would not permit free transit, the aggrieved parties had the right to defend themselves and to remain in land obtained in such a war of self-defense.
The second form of legitimate title over discovered lands also referred back to a human right whose obstruction is a cause for a just war. The Indians could voluntarily refuse conversion, but could not impede the right of the Spanish to preach, in which case the matter would be analogous to the first case. Nonetheless, Vitoria noted that although this can be grounds for a just war, it is not necessarily appropriate to make such a war, because of the resulting death and destruction.
The other cases of this casuistry are:
- If the pagan sovereigns force converts to return to idolatry.
- If there come to be a sufficient number of Christians in the newly discovered land that they wish to receive from the Pope a Christian government.
- In the case of overthrowing a tyranny or a government that is harming innocents (e.g. human sacrifice)
- If associates and friends have been attacked—as were the Tlaxcaltecas, allied with the Spanish but subjected, like many other people, to the Aztecs—once again, this could justify a war, with the ensuing possibility of legitimate conquest as in the first case.
- The final "legitimate title" although qualified by Vitoria himself as doubtful, is the lack of just laws, magistrates, agricultural techniques, etc. In any case, title taken according to this principle must be exercised with Christian charity and for the advantage of the Indians.
This doctrine of "legitimate" and "illegitimate" titles was not agreeable to Emperor Charles V, then ruler of Spain, in that they meant that Spain had no special right; he tried without success to stop these theologians from expressing their opinions in these matters.
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Much attention has been drawn to the economic thought of the School of Salamanca by Joseph Schumpeter's History of Economic Analysis (1954). It did not coin, but certainly consolidated, the use of the term School of Salamanca in economics. Schumpeter studied scholastic doctrine in general and Spanish scholastic doctrine in particular, and praised the high level of economic science in Spain in the 16th century. He argued that the School of Salamanca most deserve to be considered the founders of economics as a science. The School did not elaborate a complete doctrine of economics, but they established the first modern economic theories to address the new economic problems that had arisen with the end of the medieval order. Unfortunately, there was no continuation of their work until the end of the 17th century and many of their contributions were forgotten, only to be rediscovered later by others.
The English historian of economic thought Marjorie Grice-Hutchinson has published numerous articles and monographs on the School of Salamanca.
Although there does not appear to be any direct influence, the economic thought of the School of Salamanca is in many ways similar to that of the Austrian School. Murray Rothbard referred to them as proto-Austrians.
In 1517, de Vitoria, then at the Sorbonne, was consulted by Spanish merchants based in Antwerp about the moral legitimacy of engaging in commerce to increase one's personal wealth. From today's point of view, one would say they were asking for a consultation about the entrepreneurial spirit. Beginning at that time, Vitoria and other theologians looked at economic matters. They moved away from views that they found to be obsolete, adopting instead new ideas based on principles of natural law.
According to these views, the natural order is based in the "freedom of circulation" of people, goods, and ideas, allowing people to know one another and increase their sentiments of brotherhood.[citation needed] This implies that merchantry is not merely not reprehensible, but that it actually serves the general good.
Private property[edit]
The adherents of the School of Valencia all agreed that property has the beneficial effect of stimulating economic activity, which, in turn, contributed to the general well being. Diego de Covarubias y Leyva (1512–1577) considered that people had not only the right to own property but—again, a specifically modern idea—they had the exclusive right to the benefit from that property, although the community might also benefit. Nonetheless, in times of great necessity, there all goods become a commons.
Luis de Molina argued that individual owners take better care of their goods than is taken of common property, a form of the tragedy of the commons.
Money, value, and price[edit]
The most complete and methodical developments of a Salamancan theory of value were by Martín de Azpilcueta (1493–1586) and Luis de Molina. Interested in the effect of precious metals arriving from the Americas, de Azpilcueta proved that in the countries where precious metals were scarce, prices for them were higher than in those where they were abundant. Precious metals, like any other mercantile good, gained at least some of their value from their scarcity. This scarcity theory of value was a precursor of the quantitative theory of money put forward slightly later by Jean Bodin (1530–1596).
Up until that time, the predominant theory of value had been the medieval theory based on the cost of production as the sole determinant of a just price (a variant of the cost-of-production theory of value, most recently manifested in the labor theory of value). Diego de Covarrubias and Luis de Molina developed a subjective theory of value and prices, which asserted that the usefulness of a good varied from person to person, so just prices would arise from mutual decisions in free commerce, barring the distorting effects of monopoly, fraud, or government intervention. Expressing this in today's terms, the adherents of the School defended the free market, where the fair price of a good would be determined by supply and demand.
On this Luis Saravia de la Calle wrote in 1544:
Those who measure the just price by the labour, costs, and risk incurred by the person who deals in the merchandise or produces it, or by the cost of transport or the expense of traveling...or by what he has to pay the factors for their industry, risk, and labour, are greatly in error.... For the just price arises from the abundance or scarcity of goods, merchants, and money...and not from costs, labour, and risk.... Why should a bale of linen brought overland from Brittany at great expense be worth more than one which is transported cheaply by sea?... Why should a book written out by hand be worth more than one which is printed, when the latter is better though it costs less to produce?... The just price is found not by counting the cost but by the common estimation.
However the school rarely followed this idea through systematically, and, as Friedrich Hayek has written, "never to the point of realizing that what was relevant was not merely man's relation to a particular thing or a class of things but the position of the thing in the whole...scheme by which men decide how to allocate the resources at their disposal among their different endeavors."[3]
Interest on money[edit]
Usury (which in that period meant any charging of interest on a loan) has always been viewed negatively by the Catholic Church. The Third Lateran Council condemned any repayment of a debt with more money than was originally loaned; the Council of Vienne explicitly prohibited usury and declared any legislation tolerant of usury to be heretical; the first scholastics reproved the charging of interest. In the medieval economy, loans were entirely a consequence of necessity (bad harvests, fire in a workplace) and, under those conditions, it was considered morally reproachable to charge interest.
In the Renaissance era, greater mobility of people facilitated an increase in commerce and the appearance of appropriate conditions for entrepreneurs to start new, lucrative businesses. Given that borrowed money was no longer strictly for consumption but for production as well, it could not be viewed in the same manner. The School of Salamanca elaborated various reasons that justified the charging of interest. The person who received a loan benefited; one could consider interest as a premium paid for the risk taken by the loaning party. There was also the question of opportunity cost, in that the loaning party lost other possibilities of utilizing the loaned money. Finally, and perhaps most originally, was the consideration of money itself as a merchandise, and the use of one's money as something for which one should receive a benefit in the form of interest.
Martín de Azpilcueta also considered the effect of time, formulating the time value of money. All things being equal, one would prefer to receive a given good now rather than in the future. This preference indicates greater value. Interest, under this theory, is the payment for the time the loaning individual is deprived of the money.
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In the Renaissance era, theology was generally declining in the face of the rise of humanism, with scholasticism becoming nothing more than an empty and routine methodology. Under Francisco de Vitoria, the University of Salamanca led a period of intense activity in theology, especially a renaissance of Thomism, whose influence extended to European culture in general, but especially to other European universities. Perhaps the fundamental contribution of the School of Salamanca to theology is the study of problems much closer to humanity, which had previously been ignored, and the opening of questions that had previously not been posed. The term positive theology is sometimes used to distinguish this new, more practical, theology from the earlier scholastic theology.
In an era when religion permeated everything, to analyze the morality of the acts was considered the most practical and useful study one could undertake to serve society. The novel contributions of the School in law and economics were rooted in concrete challenges and moral problems which confronted society under new conditions.
It was a revolutionary idea to assert that Christian believers could behave in an evil manner and people entirely ignorant of Christianity could do good. That is to say, morality did not depend on conscious knowledge of God. This was particularly important in terms of behavior toward pagans, who could not be presupposed to be evil merely because they were not Christians.
Over the years a casuistry, a fixed set of answers to moral dilemmas, had been developed. However, by its nature, a casuistry can never be complete, leading to a search for more general rules or principles. From this developed Probabilism, where the ultimate criterion was not truth, but the certainty of not choosing evil. Developed principally by Bartolomé de Medina and continued by Gabriel Vázquez and Francisco Suárez, Probabilism became the most important school of moral thought in the coming centuries.
The polemic De auxiliis[edit]
The polemic De auxiliis was a dispute between Jesuits and Dominicans which occurred at the end of the 16th century. The topic of the controversy was grace and predestination, that is to say how one could reconcile the liberty or free will of humans with divine omniscience. In 1582 the Jesuit Prudencio Montemayor and Fray Luis de León spoke publicly about human liberty. Domingo Báñez considered that they gave free will too great a weight and that they used terminology that sounded heretical; he denounced them to the Spanish Inquisition, accusing them of Pelagianism, a belief in human free will to the detriment of the doctrine of original sin and the grace granted by God. Montemayor and de León were banned from teaching and prohibited from defending such ideas.
Báñez was then denounced to the Holy Office by Leon, who accused him of "committing the error of Lutheranism", that is of following the doctrines of Martin Luther. According to Lutheran doctrine, man is "dead in his trespasses" (Ephesians 2:1) as a consequence of original sin and cannot save himself by his own merit; only God can save man, "For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast." (Ephesians 2:8-9) Báñez was acquitted.
Nonetheless, this did not end the dispute, which Luis de Molina continued with his Concordia liberi arbitrii cum gratiae donis (1588). This is considered the best expression of the Jesuit position. The polemic continued over the course of years, including an attempt by the Dominicans to get Pope Clement VIII to condemn the Concordia of de Molina. Finally Paul V in 1607 recognized the liberty of Dominicans and Jesuits to defend their ideas, prohibiting that either side of this disagreement be characterized as heresy.
The existence of evil in the world[edit]
The existence of evil in a world created and ruled by an infinitely good and powerful God has long been viewed as paradoxical. (See Problem of evil). Vitoria reconciled the paradox by arguing first that free will is a gift from God to each person. It is impossible that each person will always freely choose only the good. Thus, evil results as a necessary consequence of human free will.
See also[edit]
- Conimbricenses
- Second scholasticism
- Casuistry
- Rule According to Higher Law
- Social contract
- Valladolid debate
- ^ e.g. James Brown Scott, cited in Cavallar, The Rights of Strangers: theories of international hospitality, the global community, and political justice since Vitoria, p. 164
- ^ Koskenniemi: International Law and raison d'état: Rethinking the Prehistory of International Law in Kingsbury & Strausmann, The Roman Foundations of the Law of Nations, pp. 297–339
- ^ Hayek, Friedrich (1992). "The Austrian School of Economics". The Fortunes of Liberalism: Essays on Austrian Economics and the Ideal of Freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 43. ISBN 0-226-32064-2.
- Alves, André Azevedo (2010). The Salamanca School (Major Conservative and Libertarian Thinkers), edited by John Meadowcroft, Continuum International Publishing.
- Chaufen, Alejandro A. (2008). "Scholastics/School of Salamanca". In Hamowy, Ronald. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; Cato Institute. pp. 450–52. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n275. ISBN 978-1-4129-6580-4. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024.
- Chojnowski, Peter (January 2005) "'Corporation Christendom': The True School of Salamanca". The Angelus XXVIII (1). Kansas City, MO: Angelus Press. ISSN 1073-5003. Contends that the alleged economic liberalism is based on a misreading of scholastic texts.
- Grice-Hutchinson, Marjorie (1952). The School of Salamanca: Readings in Spanish Monetary Theory, 1544–1605
- Grice-Hutchinson, Marjorie (1978). Early Economic Thought in Spain, 1177–1740.
- Grice-Hutchinson, Marjorie (1993). Economic thought in Spain. Selected Essays of Marjorie Grice-Hutchinson, edited with an introduction by Laurence Moss and Christopher K. Ryan.
- Liggio, Leonard P. (Jan & Feb 2000) "The Heritage of the Spanish Scholastics". Religion & Liberty. 10 (1). Grand Rapids, MI: Acton Institute.
- Rothbard, Murray, New Light on the Prehistory of the Austrian School Essay originally published in The Foundations of Modern Austrian Economics, edited by Edwin Dolan (Kansas City: Sheed and Ward, 1976), pp. 52–74.
- Schumpeter, Joseph (1954). History of Economic Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Van Ittersum, M. J. (2007). "Preparing Mare liberum for the Press: Hugo Grotius' Rewriting of Chapter 12 of De iure praedae in November-December 1608". Grotiana. 26: 246–80. doi:10.1163/187607508X366445.: Puts into context of truce negotiations 1608–1809. Ittersum (p. 18) notes Grotius' citing of School of Salamanca figures, as well as the Ancient Greek, Roman and early Church Fathers (p. 12).
External links[edit]
- The School of Salamanca on the History of Economic Thought website.


text:
It was another one of auto racing's worst kept secrets.
Everyone knew young Austin Dillon would move into a Sprint Cup ride in 2014, driving for his grandfather, Richard Childress. And everyone knew that the number on the side of his Chevrolet SS would be the number 3.
Yet there he was, sitting next to Pop Pop — sporting a new and apparently now mandatory beard for racing in NASCAR's Sprint Cup division — taking part in a media presentation at the Charlotte Motor Speedway media center. This was where the NASCAR press corp (what remains of it) was already in attendance to report on the results of NASCAR's testing of proposed rules changes for the 2014 version of the Gen 6 race car on the intermediate tracks.
And so that's what the majority of the NASCAR media wrote about – the return of the number 3 on a Sprint Cup car. There also excessive discussion on the social media sites about whether or not it was OK to use the iconic number again. And to be honest, there was far too much discussion on this topic. Did Junior approve? Is Dale Sr. smiling down from heaven with his approval? Does carrying the iconic number on his race car place too much pressure on young Dillon? I mean, don't these NASCAR fans have anything better to do?
What didn't get a whole lot of media coverage was the introduction of Dow Chemical as a primary sponsor on Dillon's car. The Childress sales and marketing staff deserves a high-five for putting together a successful partnership with a Fortune 100 company. This primarily business-to-business arrangement introduces a very high profile international company into a sport that desperately needs the kind of financial support and exposure that a company like Dow Chemical provides.
The Dow/RCR relationship also benefits both parties in the area of research and development, once again reminding us that these simple-looking race cars we see every weekend are far more sophisticated than they appear to be.
Oh, just in case you were wondering where I stand on the subject of the number 3 returning to competition at the Sprint Cup level.
If it brings attention to the sport from the mainstream sports media machine and sparks some interest from the casual race fan, then it's a good thing.
Other than that, it's just a number.
Thanks for stopping by.


text:
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text:
The Serial Killer Test
Dr. Joseph Mengele
Your personality type matches the criminal profile of Dr. Joseph Mengele. It is clear that, despite the stated purpose for which he was sent to Auschwitz, Mengeles experimentation had absolutely nothing to do with true scientific research, and was instead the result of one mans ambitious and zealous adherence to the Nazi vision of Aryan supremacy. As surviving Mengele subject Alex Dekel states:
"I have never accepted the fact that Mengele himself believed he was doing serious work -- not from the slipshod way he went about it. He was only exercising his power. Mengele ran a butcher shop -- major surgeries were performed without anesthesia. Once, I witnessed a stomach operation -- Mengele was removing pieces from the stomach, but without any anesthetic. Another time, it was a heart that was removed, again, without anesthesia. It was horrifying. Mengele was a doctor who became mad because of the power he was given. Nobody ever questioned him -- why did this one die? Why did that one perish? The patients did not count. He professed to do what he did in the name of science, but it was a madness on his part."
Many of Mengele's experiments were based on literally creating a blond hair blue eyed race. One reason why Mengele might have been obsessed with "German" looks is because his brown hair and eyes, and his gypsy-esque look didn't define him as a "pure" Aryan. One of his most famous experiments was with eye color. Mengele or one of his assistants would inject dyes into the unanesthetized eye of a child, preferably a set of twins. The dyes often resulted in injury, sometimes complete blindness, not to mention excruciating pain.
One can not help but wonder what kind of a person could ever consider doing things so horrible, much less carry them out. Who could ever kill an innocent child by injecting chloroform into their heart, causing the blood to coagulate and kill the child. Who could ever imagine sewing a set of twins together to try and make siamese twins? These acts just seem to be out of the human realm. Yet Josef Mengele did all of these acts, and more. When the Nazis realized that the Allied forces were getting closer, the Nazis covered up their deeds by destroying most of the gas chambers and the pathology lab next to them that was occupied by the "doctor" Mengele. We may never know the extent to which the experiments went.
While you may or may not be capable of performing the horrific acts he did, you loosely resemble (with some obvious exceptions) his criminal profile based upon your general motivations, preferences and behavior patterns.
Yeah, I've got you pretty well figured out by now.
You're into my style, so check out my fashion.
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John Wayne Gacy
Later the next morning, Ringall awoke from one of his blackouts fully clothed and under a statue in Chicago's Lincoln Park. He was surprised to be alive after the trauma that was inflicted on his ... Read more
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His patients mainly elderly women were living alone and vulnerable. They adored their doctor, Harold "Fred" Shipman. Even when their contemporaries began dying in unusually high numb... Read more
Dr. Joseph Mengele
The SS troops marched the doomed prisoners to the head of the ramp onto which they had exited. They were led before an SS officer who, in the midst of all the madness, agony and death, seemed ver... Read more
Mary Bell
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Lizzie Borden
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Kathleen Folbigg
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Velma Barfield
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Beverley Allitt
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Camille Paglia is famous for the incendiary pronouncement: "There is no female Mozart because there is no female Jack the Ripper." Paglia's point is that men, rather than women, are found at bot... Read more
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USC RB Tre Madden again bitten by injury bug
August 22nd, 2014, 2:30 pm by BY MICHAEL LEVTre Madden hasn't been able to shake the injury bug since moving to running back, and his latest malady could keep him out of USC's 2014 opener.
Coach Steve Sarkisian said Madden likely will be a game-time decision for next Saturday's game against Fresno State. Madden suffered a turf-toe injury during Monday night's full-pads scrimmage at the Coliseum. The redshirt junior saw a specialist Friday, Sarkisian said.
"When you start messing with a running back and his feet or his toes, his ability to push off, they just don't overnight, all of a sudden, get better," Sarkisian said. "We're trying to maximize his rest. We're trying to keep him off his feet as best we can to get him as healthy as quickly as we can and hopefully have him ready to go for next Saturday."
Madden has been wearing a boot on his right foot. Unfortunately, it isn't an unfamiliar scenario for the Mission Viejo High grad.
After getting off to a strong start last season, including four 100-yard rushing performances in the first five games, Madden injured and reinjured a hamstring. He missed three games in all and barely played in several others.
Read the rest of this entry »


text:
Project HealthDesign, a research-and-development initiative to explore aspects of personal health records (PHR), has come to represent the first-ever project in health information technology to include an ethics component at the outset. Sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the program featured multidisciplinary grantee teams from across the United States.
The University of Miami Ethics Programs received a grant to oversee Ethical, Legal and Social Issues (ELSI) analysis for the project. The UM grant linked faculty from the Miller School of Medicine, the School of Law and the School of Business Administration.


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Dog killed April 20 by Lucas County Dog Warden Julie Lyle:
Breed and description;location seized, charge:
Rottweiler mix, black/orange female, mean; Indiana, Toledo; running at large.
Rottweiler mix, orange/sable/black, male, mean; Richmond, Toledo; running at large.
"Pit bull," tan/white male, mean; Vance, Toledo; running at large.
"Pit bull," white/black male, TPD #621; Evesham, Toledo; running at large.
Rottweiler, black/orange female, sick; Earl, Toledo.
"Pit bull" mix, tan/white male, mean; Dorr, Toledo.
"Pit bull" mix, white/tan female, mean; Western, Toledo.
"Pit bull," tan/white female named Sy arriah, biter; surrendered by Rhonda Krawetzke, Hazelhurst, Toledo.
"Pit bull" mix, orange/black 3 -year-old male named Boss, mean; sur rendered by Christina Edens, Tremainsville, Toledo.


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Al-Sadiq Mosque
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
Al Sadiq Mosque | |
Basic information | |
Geographic coordinates | 41°48′47.6″N 87°37′29.3″W / 41.813222°N 87.624806°WCoordinates: 41°48′47.6″N 87°37′29.3″W / 41.813222°N 87.624806°W |
Affiliation | Islam |
Municipality | Chicago |
Province | Illinois, United States |
Website | www.ahmadiyya.us/ |
Architectural description | |
Architectural type | Mosque |
Completed | 1922 |
The Al Sadiq Mosque (Wabash Mosque) was commissioned in 1922 in the Bronzeville neighborhood in city of Chicago.[1] The Al-Sadiq Mosque, one of America's earliest built Mosque's and the oldest standing Mosque in America today. [2] This mosque was funded with the money predominantly donated by African-American Ahmadi Muslim converts.
Chicago Muslim Mission[edit]
Mufti Muhammad Sadiq arrived in America on February 15, 1920 and established 1921 the Headquarters of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Muhammad Sadiq started a monthly magazine called "The Muslim Sunrise", which contained articles on Islam, contemporary issues of conscience and the names of new converts. This magazine still exists.[3] Muhammad Sadiq attracted a thousands of converts in his short stay in America, most notably in Detroit and Chicago between 1922 and 1923.[4]
The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community continued to grow and established more than 40 missions through America.[4] Four Ahmadi mosques can be found in the region today, with demographics that are a mixture of African-American, Indo-Pakistani, White, and Latino. Chicago served as the movement's national headquarters until 1950,[5] when it were moved to the American Fazl Mosque in Washington, D.C. In 1994 the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community's USA headquarters were moved to Masjid Bait ur Rahman in Silver Spring, MD.
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Mosques Around the World – A Pictorial Presentation (Khilafat Centenary Edition) by the USA Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, ISBN 1-882494-51-2, pg. 291
- Al-Nahl Special Issue on Dr. Mufti Muhammad Sadiq'
External links[edit]
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ "The Moslem Sunrise"
- ^ a b Islamic Movement Came to U.S. in 1920, New York Times on May 23, 1993
- ^ Encyclopedia of Chicago: Muslims


text:
SUNSET BEACH—The town of Sunset Beach plans to pursue expanding its northeast boundaries.
At a brief Sunset Beach Planning Board meeting last Thursday morning, town building inspector Jeff Curtis outlined a map showing where expansion possibilities will be addressed with Brunswick County, north and east of N.C. 904 up to Old Georgetown Road.
Expansion of the town's extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) would wrap around the property where a continuing care facility is proposed for construction.
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text: Chick Makes an Easter Nest in Its Pet CatDoug Barry4/08/12 2:00pmFiled to: SqueechickcatEastereaster sundayadorable55EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Nothing you're lying upon, wearing, or burrowing into this Sunday could possibly be as cozy at the little nest this chick makes in its obliging cat friend. And the chick burrows into its hiding place just it time, too, because, as everyone well knows, Easter is the holiday during which marauding bunnies prowl the spring meadows, sniffing out the notoriously sweet marshmallow blood of itty-bitty chickies. Don't worry! This little chick is safe, or would be safe if the voyeuristic person behind the camera didn't ruin an ingenious hiding spot.Advertisementvia BuzzfeedReply55 repliesLeave a reply


text:
Unless you've been living under a rock, you've heard the news that Simon Cowell will exit "American Idol" after Season 9 ends on May 25. And it's likely that predictions and suggestions of "who will" and "who should" replace Cowell will soon reach a fever pitch across the blogosphere. Though Cowell's replacement will not be announced until well after the season ends, as previously reported by Zap2it.
Hollywood names ranging from formidable replacements Sir Elton John and Tommy Mottola to ludicrous ones such as Howard Stern have been bandied around so far. Show host Ryan Seacrest has nominated Justin Bieber to fill the empty seat, while Randy Jackson thinks Cowell's vacant spot needs to be filled with a 'modern day Houdini.
Zap2it threw its own hat in the ring with the launch of our first ever Facebook fan campaign in support of Harry Connick Jr. to replace Simon. Though The Dish Rag would never normally go against the mothership, we felt too passionately about our newest discovery. We've recently found someone that blows us away with his talent and may just be the shot in the arm the judging panel needs.
]]>PhatGayKid aka Jonnie would be perfect for the soon-to-be-vacated judging spot. He takes on a classic song from Madonna. You may have heard of it. "Like A Prayer"? Uh huh. And he throws in some free voice lessons. Just imagine how much the new "Idols" can learn from PhatGayKid aka Jonnie. Holy "Mariska Hargi-gay"! PhatGayKid aka Jonnie even showed promise back when he was 1 month younger than today and posted his very first video. Check out his take on the truly talented Ke$ha's "Tik Tok" and his lesson on how to sing riffs. Musical genius!


text:
Gym Floor Covering Carpet Tile
Need a Fast Sample Delivery? Please call customer service.
Request a Sales Person ContactGREATMATS CUSTOMERS ALSO VIEWED
- Benefits
- Floor protection made easy
- No Adhesive Required
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School Gym Floors, University Gym Flooring, Protective Carpet Flooring, Convention Hall, Sports/Recreational Facility, University/College Basketball Court, Gymnasium, Racquet Sport Court, Volleyball Court
Gym Floor Carpet Tiles are an outstanding gym floor protective carpet tile solution to cover gym floors quickly for special events. Gym Floor Covering Carpet Tiles are large sized carpet tiles for quick set up, breakdown, and easy storage. These tiles can be installed by one person even for large areas. Carpet tiles used for protective gym flooring covers provide a more finished look and create a better image and appearance in your facility.
This flooring is easy to handle for quick set up and break down. The giant-sized tiles protect gym floors, plus the backing keeps floors clean. Available in versatile colors, gray and blue.
Carpet tiles are easy to clean. Vacuum on a daily basis while in use. Periodic cleaning can be achieved with a hot extraction machine. Limited three-year abrasive warranty. The rolling carts allow for easy mobility and storage of the tiles - up to 75 carpet tiles per cart.
Durable and attractive gym floor cover in the form of easy to handle tiles. Giant-sized mats protect athletic flooring during non-sports events and activities. Carpet tiles lie flat on top of the wood gym flooring and there are no unsightly wrinkles or ripples to cause potential tripping hazards. Easy to set up and break down, this gym floor cover doesn't require tape or lots of special accessories. Gym floor carpet tiles are non-staining.
Vacuum as needed. Can be cleaned periodically with carpet cleaner.
ShippingShips via freight delivery shrink wrapped on pallets.
This Product Ships Freight Only.
Please review our shipping disclaimer.
SPECIFICATIONS⌃ Back to top
In Stock | Yes |
Product Type | Tile |
Material Type | Carpet |
Product Edging | Straight |
Thickness | 6 mm |
Width | 3.28 feet |
Length | 6.56 feet |
SF per Item | 21.50 |
Weight | 13.80 lbs |
Packaging | Shrink Wrapped on Pallets |
Number of Pieces per Package Type | 100 |
Non Absorbent | No |
Special Adhesives | No |
Interlock Loss | 0.00 feet |
Material Density | Shore C 60 |
Interlocking Connections | No |
Made In | USA |
Surface Finish | Carpet top |
Surface Design | Solid color |
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Manufacturer Warranty | 3 year limited |
You will need Adobe® Acrobat® Reader to view PDF documents. Download a free copy from the Adobe Web site.
Q & A⌃ Back to top
Product Questions:
Do you have any documentation on the fire rating or fiber content on this product?
Customer Rating:
We are a church that purchased the carpet tiles for use in a rented gym. The product is easy to install and remove. We have a lot of compliments on the appearance and it also improves the acoustics in the gym.
Dyer, IN
Customer Rating:
We recently purchased your Pro Sheild Protective Gym Floor carpet Tiles. Your service and communication about the delivery was very good and it came as promised.
We have used the tiles several times since we received them and we have found them to be very versatile and easy to use. They help us provide a nice transition between hard floors and carpets.
The only thing I would ask is that we would have liked to have had more color choices, but other then that, everything met with our expectations.
John Stone
Executive Pastor
Countryside Church of the Nazarene
Lebanon, OH


text:
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I don't have much time to spend on this and since my bash scripting isn't what it could be, I thought I'd ask some of the CB friends for a helping hand.
I have a new job where every day i have to scan documents and sort them into various directories on a server. Currently I'm doing it one at a time, cutting and pasting. Could some of you bash geniuses help me with a way of doing it automatically?
The scanned document gets a file name based on the date, ie:
It then needs to go into a directory on a samba share, ie:
Hope I'm being clear enough. Please help.
Last edited by fortyseven (2013-01-21 11:08:55)
on the outside looking in
Something like this?
# or whatever shell you're using
for doc in $@; do
echo mv "$doc" Customer/Calibrate/"${doc%%_*}"/all/support
The script will move each file given as an argument in the command line, to the Customer/Calibrate/[all letters until the first "_"]/all/support. I added the echo call so that you can confirm that this is what you're looking for.
For instance:
$ bash test.sh ABC_dc_20130115.pdf DEF_dc_20130115.pdf
mv ABC_dc_20130115.pdf Customer/Calibrate/ABC/all/support
mv DEF_dc_20130115.pdf Customer/Calibrate/DEF/all/support
Can you confirm this answers your question? We could add some tests and error reporting to make it more robust and decrease its chance to fail.
Turtles have it figured out, man
For now, if possible, I'd like to put this script on hold and ask for help with something more urgent.
My boss, who I believe is testing me, has asked me to create a script that lists the versins of certain binaries and .csv files. My scripting skills are currently at about a 1 out of 10 so I guess it's time to learn. I don't however have access to the internet at home and at work, my browsing is severly limited. So again I ask for help.
As said, the script should be able to list the version of certain binaries, located in a directory called /AMMO. The script should also list the versions of certain .csv files located in a directory called /AMMO/conf.
Now to get the version number of the binaries I use the command:
./binaryone --version
And to get the version of the csv files I simply use:
head -n 1 filename.csv
How would I go about putting all this together in a script?
EDIT: Oh, and the output of all this must go into another .csv file.
Last edited by fortyseven (2013-01-15 14:37:46)
on the outside looking in
any thoughts? any one?
on the outside looking in
set +e
# Replace the execdirs value by a list of space separated directories to search
function handle_files () {
for file in $@; do
if [[ ! -x $file ]]; then continue; fi
echo "$( $file --version )"
if [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; then
handle_files $@
exit 0
for dir in $execdirs; do
# find all files, then call the script again with the file list
# limit is set to 100 files at a time ; If there are more than
# 100 files the script will be called multiple times.
find $dir -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -i -L 100 $0 -x
# Handle csv files in conf directory
if [[ -d $dir/conf ]]; then
for file in $dir/conf/*; do
echo $file
if [[ "${file##*.}" = "csv" ]]; then
echo "$( head -n1 ${file} )"
This script should do what you asked for.
Read the comments.
The results are directed to sysout.
To capure the output run the script as
./script > results
WARNING: the script will run every executable file in the directories you specify with the --version argument.
If the script does not know the version argument, it will be called too. This may produce results that you did not expect.
For instance if there is a script there that contains the single command
rm -rf /
It will happily remove your entire file structure.
Use with discretion. At your own risk.
Last edited by xaos52 (2013-01-16 13:31:50)
bootinfoscript - emacs primer - wireless problems- I ♥ #!
^ Thank you for your response and time. I played around with the script you provided but unfortunately it's a bit too complicated. Allow me to explain. I work for a company that produces a device which runs a very small, very stripped down (and very old) version of Debian. A lot of the common elements one finds in a modern distro are not included in this version. As a result your script seems a little too 'advanced' so I need something a lot simpler.
I was playing around with something straight forward like this:
/AMMO/binaryone --version > /AMMO/conf/version.csv
head -n1 /AMMO/conf/GramS.csv > /AMMO/conf/version.csv
head -n1 /AMMO/conf/Map.csv > /AMMO/conf/version.csv
It works fine but the problem I'm having is that the output end up like this:
binaryone 3.5.6
GramS 1.01
Map 2.023
I need the output to look like this:
binaryone 3.5.6, GramS 1.01, Map 2.023
on the outside looking in
echo -n $(/AMMO/binaryone --version) > /AMMO/conf/version.csv
echo -n ", $(head -n1 /AMMO/conf/GramS.csv)" >> /AMMO/conf/version.csv
echo -n ", $(head -n1 /AMMO/conf/Map.csv)" >> /AMMO/conf/version.csv
This, perhaps?
bootinfoscript - emacs primer - wireless problems- I ♥ #!
Thanks, xaos. I eventually got it with:
echo -n `/AMMO/binaryone --version`>>/AMMO/conf/version.csv ; echo -n ','>>/AMMO/conf/version.csv
echo -n `head -n 1 /AMMO/conf/GramS.csv`>>/AMMO/conf/version.csv ; echo -n ','>>/AMMO/conf/version.csv
Thank you for your time. Appreciated.
on the outside looking in
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text:
GW Women's Soccer Staff to Host Weekend Warrior Clinics
Join the GW Women's Soccer Staff on Friday Nights from 7-9 P.M.
June 18, 2012
Weekend Warrior Clinic Registration | Participant Consent Form
Those attending the clinics must be women over the age of 18, and participation is limited only by age and gender. Participants are able to register as a beginning or advanced player and are welcome to take part in training sessions of their chosen level of play. The cost of the clinic is $20 per session.
The Colonials' coaching staff will host training sessions that include both technical and tactical skills, such as passing, receiving and shooting, while also focusing on defensive and offensive principals. Small side games will give participants an opportunity to apply what is learned throughout the training sessions.
Group discounts are available for those who register eight or more players at a time. Prior to participating in the clinics all participants must complete a participant consent form.
Clinic registration is available online by clicking here. For more information, please contact assistant coach Marla Nelson at email@example.com or 202-994-7262.


text:
Full profile →'">
The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer.
Everything is magnified on any CEO's first day. If being CEO is like living in a fishbowl (which it is), day one is the day when the lights are turned up full and everyone gathers around the bowl for their first glimpse into the future.
But, given all that's happened at Hewlett-Packard (H.P.) over the past several years, that analogy doesn't even begin to depict the scrutiny that Meg Whitman is going to receive as she onboards on her first day as its new CEO. (Follow this link for more on why Whitman's predecessor, Leo Apotheker joined the 40% of senior executives that fail in their first 18 months)
Everything Whitman says, everything she does, everything she doesn't say and everything she doesn't do will get dissected, bisected, trisected, and pieced back together by all sorts of different people in all sorts of different ways. Thus, it is especially important that Whitman take control of day one and keep several things in mind.
1) It is personal. As the CEO, Whitman will have a huge impact on H.P. employees' lives. These people will try hard to figure out her, and her potential impact, as soon as they can. They may even rush to judgment.
2) Order counts. Whitman needs to be circumspect about the order in which she meets with people and the timing of when she does what throughout day one and her first week.
3) Messages matter. Whitman staked out her message in her first press conference:
Deliver the world-class products, solutions, and services our customers have come to expect from H.P.… to get H.P. back on track.
Even in a tough turnaround situation like this, Whitman needs to have a bias toward listening. As Mark Hubbard, one of my business partners used to say, "no one cares how much you know until they know how much you care." Whitman may not have done a perfect job connecting with people during her campaign for governor of California. She needs to really focus on connecting with people at H.P.
4) Location counts. Whitman needs to think about where she will show up for work on day one. Hint: it shouldn't be her designated office by default.
5) Signs and symbols count. Whitman must be aware of all the ways in which she communicates, verbally and nonverbally. Think BRAVE: Behaviors, Relationships, Attitudes, Values and Environment. In her case, H.P.'s people are going to be on the lookout for a couple of things in particular:
- Trust and respect for individuals
- Focus on a high level of achievement and contribution