text:
Faisal | |
King of Saudi Arabia | |
Reign | 2 November 1964 – 25 March 1975 |
Predecessor | Saud |
Successor | Khalid |
Spouse |
Sultana bint Ahmed Al Sudairi |
Issue |
Prince Abdullah Prince Mohammed Princess Sara Princess Lolowah Prince Khalid Prince Saud Prince Sa'd Prince Abdul-Rahman Prince Bandar Princess Latifa Princess Munira Princess al-Jauhara Princess al-Anud Princess Misha'il Princess Fahda Princess Nura Prince Turki Princess Haifa Princess Hessa |
House | House of Saud |
Father | King Abdulaziz |
Mother | Tarfa bint Abduallah bin Abdulateef al Sheekh |
Born |
April 1906 Riyadh, Emirate of Riyadh |
Died |
25 March 1975 Saudi Arabia |
(aged 68)
Burial |
26 March 1975 Al Oud cemetery, Riyadh |
Religion | Islam |
Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: فيصل بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود Fayṣal ibn 'Abd al-'Azīz Āl Su'ūd; April 1906[1] – 25 March 1975) was King of Saudi Arabia from 1964 to 1975. As king, he is credited with rescuing the country's finances and implementing a policy of modernization and reform, while his main foreign policy themes were pan-Islamism, anti-Communism, and pro-Palestinian nationalism.[2][3] He successfully stabilized the kingdom's bureaucracy and his reign had significant popularity among Saudis.[4] In 1975, he was assassinated by his nephew Faisal bin Musaid.
Early life
Faisal bin Abdulaziz was born in Riyadh in April 1906.[5] He is the third son of Saudi Arabia's former king, King Abdulaziz.[6] His mother was Tarfa bint Abdullah bin Abdullatif Al Sheikh,[7] whom Abdulaziz had married in 1902 after capturing Riyadh. She was from the family of the Al ash-Sheikh, descendants of Muhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab.[8][9] Faisal's maternal grandfather, Abdullah bin Abdullatif, was one of Abdulaziz's principal religious teachers and advisers.[10][11]
Faisal's mother died in 1912 when he was quite young,[10] and he was raised by his maternal grandfather, who taught him the Quran and the principles of Islam, an education which left an impact on him for the remainder of his life.
Faisal had only one sister, Nurah. She was married to her cousin, Khalid bin Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman, son of Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman.[12]
Faisal was raised in an atmosphere in which courage was extremely valued and reinforced, unlike that of most of his half brothers. He was motivated by his mother to develop the values of tribal leadership.[13]
In 1919, the British government invited King Abdulaziz to visit London.[14] However, he could not go, but sent 14-year-old Prince Faisal, making him the first ever Saudi royal to visit the country.[14] His visit lasted for five months, and he met with the British officials.[14] During the same period, he also visited France, again being the first Saudi royal to pay an official visit there.[15]
Early experience
As one of King Abdulaziz's eldest sons, Prince Faisal was delegated numerous responsibilities to consolidate control over Arabia. After the capture of Hail and initial control over Asir in 1922, he was sent to these provinces with nearly six thousand fighters.[16] He achieved complete control over Asir at the end of the year.[16]
In 1925, Prince Faisal, in command of an army of Saudi loyalists, won a decisive victory in the Hejaz. He and Prince Mohammad were given the responsibility for the Ikhwan.[17] Then, Prince Faisal was appointed viceroy of Hejaz in 1926.[18] He often consulted with local leaders during his tenure.[19]
In 1930, Prince Faisal became minister of foreign affairs, a position he continued to hold even as King.[20] Prince Faisal visited Europe several times in this period, and also Poland in 1932 and Russia in 1933.[21][22]
Crown Prince and Prime Minister
Upon the accession of Prince Faisal's elder brother, King Saud, to the throne in 1953, Prince Faisal was appointed Crown Prince. King Saud, however, embarked on a lavish and ill-considered spending program[2] that included the construction of a massive royal residence on the outskirts of the capital, Riyadh. He also faced pressure from neighboring Egypt, where Gamal Abdel Nasser had overthrown the monarchy in 1952. Nasser was able to cultivate a group of dissident princes led by Prince Talal who defected to Egypt (see Free Princes). Fearing that King Saud's financial policies were bringing the state to the brink of collapse, and that his handling of foreign affairs was inept, senior members of the royal family and the ulema (religious leadership) pressured Saud into appointing Faisal to the position of prime minister in 1958, giving Faisal wide executive powers.[23] In this new position, Faisal set about cutting spending dramatically in an effort to rescue the state treasury from bankruptcy. This policy of financial prudence was to become a hallmark of his era and earned him a reputation for thriftiness among the populace.
A power struggle ensued thereafter between King Saud and Crown Prince Faisal, and on 18 December 1960, Prince Faisal resigned as prime minister in protest, arguing that King Saud was frustrating his financial reforms. King Saud took back his executive powers and, having induced Prince Talal to return from Egypt, appointed him as minister of finance.[24] In 1962, however, Prince Faisal rallied enough support within the royal family to install himself as prime minister for a second time.[23]
It was during this period as head of the Saudi government that Prince Faisal, though still not king, established his reputation as a reforming and modernizing figure.[2] He introduced education for women and girls despite the consternation of many conservatives in the religious establishment. To appease the objectors, however, he allowed the female educational curriculum to be written and overseen by members of the religious leadership, a policy which lasted long after his death.
In 1963, Prince Faisal established the country's first television station, though actual broadcasts would not begin for another two years.[25] As with many of his other policies, the move aroused strong objections from the religious and conservative sections of the country. Faisal assured them, however, that Islamic principles of modesty would be strictly observed, and made sure that the broadcasts contained a large amount of religious programming.
Crown Prince Faisal helped establish the Islamic University of Madinah in 1961. In 1962, Prince Faisal helped found the Muslim World League, a worldwide charity to which the Saudi royal family has reportedly since donated more than a billion dollars.[26]
Struggle with King Saud
The struggle with King Saud continued in the background during this time. Taking advantage of the king's absence from the country for medical reasons in early 1963, Faisal began amassing more power for himself. He removed many of Saud's loyalists from their posts and appointed like-minded princes in key military and security positions,[27][28] such as his brother Prince Abdullah, to whom he gave command of the National Guard in 1962.[29] Upon King Saud's return, Prince Faisal demanded that he be made regent and that King Saud be reduced to a purely ceremonial role. In this, he had the crucial backing of the ulema, including a fatwa (edict) issued by the grand mufti of Saudi Arabia, a relative of Prince Faisal on his mother's side, calling on King Saud to accede to his brother's demands.[27] In other words, Prince Faisal was backed by the religious establishment, which is headed by the Al Shaykh the descendants of Muhammad bin Abd al Wahab. In addition, Prince Faisal sought authority through significant Sudairi backing which he cemented by his marriage to a Sudairi.
King Saud refused, however, and made a last-ditch attempt to retake executive powers, leading Prince Faisal to order the National Guard to surround King Saud's palace. His loyalists outnumbered and outgunned, King Saud relented, and on 4 March 1964, Prince Faisal was appointed regent. A meeting of the elders of the royal family and the ulema was convened later that year, and a second fatwa was decreed by the grand mufti, calling on King Saud to abdicate the throne in favor of his brother. The royal family supported the fatwa and immediately informed King Saud of their decision. King Saud, by now shorn of all his powers, agreed, and Prince Faisal was proclaimed king on 2 November 1964.[23][28] Shortly thereafter, Saud bin Abdulaziz went into exile in Greece.
King of Saudi Arabia
In an emotional speech shortly after he came to power on 2 November 1964,[30] Faisal said: "I beg of you, brothers, to look upon me as both brother and servant. 'Majesty' is reserved to God alone and 'the throne' is the throne of the Heavens and Earth." However, it was King Abdulaziz who used family royal titles and his son King Faisal expanded them. Indeed, regulations about royal titles instituted by the Saudi civil service during his reign required that all the direct descendants of King Abdulaziz should be referred to as "His Royal Highness". Those of his brothers and some of his uncles should be referred to as "His Highness", and members of other recognized branches of the Sauds as "His Excellency", a title they share with commoners who held senior governmental positions.[31]
In 1967, King Faisal established the post of second prime minister and appointed Prince Fahd to this post.[32]
Upon his ascension, King Faisal still viewed the restoration of the country's finances as his main priority. He continued to pursue his conservative financial policies during the first few years of his reign, and his aims of balancing the country's budget eventually succeeded, helped by an increase in oil production.
Early in his rule, he issued an edict that all Saudi princes had to school their children inside the country, rather than sending them abroad; this had the effect of making it "fashionable" for upper-class families to bring their sons back to study in the Kingdom.[33] King Faisal also introduced the country's current system of administrative regions, and laid the foundations for a modern welfare system. In 1970, he established the Ministry of Justice and inaugurated the country's first "five-year plan" for economic development.[34]
Television broadcasts officially began in 1965. In 1966, an especially zealous nephew of Faisal attacked the newly established headquarters of Saudi television but was killed by security personnel. The attacker was the brother of Faisal's future assassin, and the incident is the most widely accepted motive for the murder.[35] Despite the opposition from conservative Saudis to his reforms, however, King Faisal continued to pursue modernization while always making sure to couch his policies in Islamic terms.
Steps against coups d'état
The 1950s and 1960s saw numerous coups d'état in the region. Muammar al-Gaddafi's coup that overthrew the monarchy in oil-rich Libya in 1969 was especially ominous for Saudi Arabia due to the similarity between the two sparsely-populated desert countries.[36] As a result, King Faisal undertook to build a sophisticated security apparatus and cracked down firmly on dissent. As in all affairs, King Faisal justified these policies in Islamic terms. Early in his reign, when faced by demands for a written constitution for the country, King Faisal responded that "our constitution is the Quran."[37] In the summer of 1969, King Faisal ordered the arrest of hundreds of military officers, including some generals,[2][38] alleging that a military coup was being planned.[39] The coup was planned primarily by air force officers and aimed at overthrowing the monarchy and founding a Nasserist regime in the country.[39] The arrests were possibly based on a tip from American intelligence,[36] but it is unclear how serious the threat actually was.
Religious inclusiveness
King Faisal seemed to hold the pluralist view, favouring limited, cautious accommodation of popular demands for inclusive reform, and made repeated attempts to broaden political representation, harking back to King Faisal's temporarily successful national integration policy from 1965 to 1975. King Faisal acknowledged his country's religious and cultural diversity, which includes the predominantly Shia Ahsa in the east; the Asir in the southwest, with tribal affinities to Yemen, especially among the Ismaili tribes of Najran and Jizan; and the Kingdom of the Hejaz, with its capital Mecca. He included non-Wahhabi, cosmopolitan Sunni Hejazis from Mecca and Jeddah in the Saudi government. However, after his reign, discrimination based on sect, tribe, region and gender became the order of the day and has remained as such until today.[40]
Interestingly, the role and authority of the ulema declined after the rise of King Faisal although they helped bring him to the throne in 1964. Despite his piety and biological relationship through his mother to the Al as Shaykh family, and his support for the pan-Islamic movement in his struggle against pan-Arabism, he decreased the ulema's power and influence.[41] Unlike his successor, King Faisal attempted to ensure that the most radical clerics did not hold society's most powerful religious posts. He tried to block extremist clerics from gaining dominion over key religious institutions, such as the Council of Senior Ulema, the kingdom's highest religious body, and from rising to high religious positions such as Grand Mufti, a politically recognized senior expert charged with maintaining the entire system of Islamic law. Still, at least some of the king's advisers warned early on that, once religious zealots were encouraged, they would come back to haunt the kingdom.[26] King Faisal neglected the ulema's opposition to aspects of his accelerated modernization attempts, sometimes even in matters considered by them to be major issues.[41]
Corruption in the royal family was taken very seriously by a religious group which had its basic orientation in the Islamic theological colleges and which challenged some of the accepted theological interpretations adopted by the Saudi regime. One such influential figure was Shaykh bin Baz, then rector of the Al Medina college of theology. King Faisal would not tolerate his criticism and had him removed from his position. But his teachings had already radicalized some of his students. One of them was Juhayman al-Otaybi.[42]
Abolition of slavery
Slavery did not vanish in Saudi Arabia until King Faisal issued a decree for its total abolition in 1962. Peter Hobday stated that about 1,682 slaves were freed at that time, at a cost to the government of $2,000 each.[42] It is argued that the US began to raise the issue of slavery after the meeting between King Abdulaziz and US president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1945 and that John F. Kennedy finally persuaded the House of Saud to abolish slavery in 1962.[43]
Foreign relations
As king, Faisal continued the close alliance with the United States begun by his father, and relied on the U.S. heavily for arming and training his armed forces. King Faisal was also anti-Communist. He refused any political ties with the Soviet Union and other Communist bloc countries, professing to see a complete incompatibility between Communism and Islam,[2][44] and associating communism with zionism,[45] which he also criticized sharply. He maintained close relationships with western democracies including the United Kingdom: on his state visit in 1967, he presented Queen Elizabeth II with a diamond necklace.[46]
King Faisal also supported monarchist and conservative movements in the Arab world, and sought to counter the influences of socialism and Arab Nationalism in the region by promoting pan-Islamism as an alternative. To that end, he called for the establishment of the Muslim World League, visiting several Muslim countries to advocate the idea. He also engaged in a propaganda and media war with Egypt's pan-Arabist president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, and engaged in a proxy war with Egypt in Yemen that lasted until 1967 (see Yemeni Civil War). Faisal never explicitly repudiated pan-Arabism, however, and continued to call for inter-Arab solidarity in broad terms.
Between 23–25 September 1969, King Faisal convened a conference in [47]
Following the death of Nasser in 1970, King Faisal drew closer to [48] It is a commonly-held belief in Saudi Arabia, and the wider Arab world that King Faisal's oil boycott was the real cause of his assassination, via a Western conspiracy,[49][50] his assassin having just returned from the United States (see below).
Personal life
King Faisal married four times.[51] Three of his spouses were from powerful families; Sudairi, Al Jiluwi and Al Thunayan.[52]
His first wife, who was the mother of his eldest son Prince Abdullah, was Sultana bint Ahmed Al Sudairi. She was from the Sudairi family and younger sister of Hassa bint Ahmed who was the mother of the Sudairi brothers.[51][53]
His second and most prominent wife was Iffat Al-Thuniyyan. She was born and raised in Turkey, and was a descendant of the Al Saud family who were taken to Istanbul or Cairo by Egyptian forces in 1818 (see First Saudi State). They first met in Istanbul around 1932 while he were officially visiting Turkey.[14] Prince Faisal took Iffat to Jeddah where they wed in 1932.[14][54] Iffat is credited with being the influence behind many of her late husband's reforms, particularly with regards to women.[55][56]
His third wife was Al Jawhara bint Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Al Kabir and they had a daughter, Munira.[51] She was the daughter of his aunt, Nuora bint Abdul Rahman.[57] They married in October 1935.[57]
His fourth wife who is the mother of Prince Khalid was Haya bint Turki bin Abdulaziz Al Turki,[51] a member of the Al Jiluwi clan.[7][41]
Faisal's sons received exceptional education compared to other princes born to Saudi monarchs. Prince Turki received formal education at prestigious schools in [58] while Prince Saud is an alumnus of Princeton University. King Faisal's sons have held and continue to hold important positions within the Saudi government. His eldest son Prince Abdullah was born in 1922 and held some governmental positions for a while. Prince Khalid was the governor of Asir Province in southwestern Saudi Arabia for more than three decades before becoming governor of Makkah Province in 2007. Prince Saud has been the Saudi foreign minister since 1975. Prince Turki served as head of Saudi intelligence, ambassador to the United Kingdom, and later ambassador to the United States.[59]
King Faisal's daughter, [60] One of his daughters and Prince Khalid's full sister, Princess Mishail, died at the age of 72 in October 2011.[61]
King Faisal was fluent in English and French.[62]
On 25 March 1975, King Faisal was shot point-blank and killed by his half-brother's son, Faisal bin Musaid, who had just come back from the United States. The murder occurred at a majlis (literally 'a place for sitting'), an event where the king or leader opens up his residence to the citizens to enter and petition the king.[63]
In the waiting room, Prince Faisal talked to Kuwaiti representatives who were also waiting to meet King Faisal.[64] When the Prince went to embrace him, King Faisal leaned to kiss his nephew in accordance with Saudi culture. At that instant, Prince Faisal took out a pistol and shot him. The first shot hit King Faisal's chin and the second one went through his ear.[64] A bodyguard hit Prince Faisal with a sheathed sword.[64] Oil minister Zaki Yamani yelled repeatedly to not kill Prince Faisal.[64]
King Faisal was quickly taken to the hospital.[64] He was still alive as doctors massaged his heart and gave him a blood transfusion.[64] They were unsuccessful and King Faisal died shortly afterward. Both before and after the assassination the prince was reported to be calm.[64] Following the killing, Riyadh had three days of mourning and all government activities were at a standstill.[64]
One theory for the murder was avenging the death of Prince Khaled bin Musaid, the brother of Prince Faisal bin Musaid. King Faisal instituted modern and secular reforms that led to the installation of television, which provoked violent protest, one which was led by Prince Khalid, who during the course of an attack on a television station was shot dead by a policeman.[65]
Prince Faisal, who was captured directly after the attack, was officially declared insane. But following the trial, a panel of Saudi medical experts decided that Faisal was sane when he gunned the king down. The nation's high religious court convicted him of regicide and sentenced him to execution. He was beheaded in the public square in Riyadh.[64] The public execution took place on 18 June 1975 at 4:30 pm—three hours before sundown—before a throng of thousands at the Al Hukm Palace (Palace of Justice).
King Faisal's body was buried in Al Oud cemetery in Riyadh on 26 March 1975.[66][67] His successor, King Khalid, wept over his body at his funeral.[68]
Memorials and legacy
After his death, Faisal's family established the King Faisal Foundation, a philanthropic organisation.
King Faisal was eulogized by lyricist Robert Hunter in the title track of the 1975 Blues for Allah album.[69] In 2013, Alexei Vassiliev published a biography, King Faisal of Saudi Arabia: Personality, Faith and Times.[45]
In Pakistan
- Lyallpur, the third largest city of Pakistan, was renamed Faisalabad (lit. "City of Faisal") in 1979 in his honor.
- The Faisal Mosque in Islamabad is named after him as well. The main highway in Karachi was renamed Shahrah-e-Faisal and a suburb close to Karachi Airport was also renamed Shah Faisal Colony.
- One of the two major PAF bases in Pakistan's Sindh province's largest city, Karachi, is named "PAF Base Faisal" in honour of King Faisal.[70]
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- ^ Salameh, Ghassane; Vivian Steir (October 1980). "Political Power and the Saudi State". MERIP (91): 5–22.
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- ^ "Seminar focuses on King Faisal's efforts to promote world peace". Arab News. 30 May 2002. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
- ^ a b c King Faisal, Encyclopedia of the Orient, http://lexicorient.com/e.o/faisal.htm Retrieved 27 March 2007.
- ^ Vassiliev, Alexei, The History of Saudi Arabia, London, UK: Al Saqi Books, 1998, p. 358
- ^ "A history of treason - King Faisal bin Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud". Islam Times. 22 May 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- ^ a b Rachel Bronson (2005). "Rethinking Religion: The Legacy of the US-Saudi Relationship". The Washington Quarterly 28 (4): 121–137.
- ^ a b Wynbrandt, James, A Brief History of Saudi Arabia, New York: Facts on File, Inc., 2004, p. 221
- ^ a b Vassiliev, p. 366-7
- ^ http://www.sang.gov.sa/SANGcs/Arabic/Left/Information/History.htm
- ^ Sherifa Zuhur (31 October 2011). Saudi Arabia. ABC-CLIO. p. 52.
- ^ Abir, Mordechai (1987). "The Consolidation of the Ruling Class and the New Elites in Saudi Arabia". Middle Eastern Studies 23 (2): 150–171.
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^ Kostiner, J. "al- Suʿūdiyya, al- Mamlaka al- ʿArabiyya." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. 28 March 2007
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- ^ Official website of the Saudi Deputy Minister of Defense, [1], quoting from the official Saudi government journal Umm Al-Qura Issue 2193, 20 October 1967.
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External links
Faisal of Saudi Arabia
Born: 1906 Died: 1975
Political offices | ||
Preceded by None |
Minister for Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia 1930–1960 |
Succeeded by Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al Suwaiyel |
Preceded by Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al Suwaiyel |
Minister for Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia 1962–1975 |
Succeeded by Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud |
Preceded by Saud of Saudi Arabia |
Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia 1954—1960 |
Succeeded by Saud of Saudi Arabia |
Preceded by Saud of Saudi Arabia |
Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia 1962—1975 |
Succeeded by Khalid of Saudi Arabia |
Regnal titles | ||
Preceded by Saud |
King of Saudi Arabia 1964–1975 |
Succeeded by Khalid |
- Use dmy dates from July 2013
- Articles containing Arabic-language text
- All WorldHeritage articles needing clarification
- WorldHeritage articles needing clarification from October 2013
- CS1 maint: Date and year
- Commons category without a link on Wikidata
- 1906 births
- 1975 deaths
- House of Saud
- Arab politicians
- Cold War leaders
- Kings of Saudi Arabia
- Prime Ministers of Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Arabian anti-communists
- Government ministers of Saudi Arabia
- Anti-Zionism
- Muslim monarchs
- Murdered monarchs
- Assassinated Saudi Arabian politicians
- Deaths by firearm in Saudi Arabia
- Burials at Al Oud Cemetery
- Recipients of the Royal Victorian Chain
- Grand Officers of the Order of the Star of Jordan
- Assassinated heads of state
- Saudi Arabian princes


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Mendieta y Montefur, Carlos (kärˈlōs māndyāˈtä ē mōntāfōrˈ) [key], 1873–1960, Cuban political leader. He was one of the chief opponents of Gerardo Machado. Mendieta, installed as provisional president (1934) by a coup led by Fulgencio Batista, was unable to establish political stability and therefore resigned (1935).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


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LettersBlossoming Growers MarketsDear Alibi, [RE: "Urban Hayseeds," June 17-23] Thank you for the cover article acknowledging a handful of our local growers. Unfortunately, you left out a very important piece to the local produce picture. That is the Albuquerque Area Growers Markets. There are six Growers Markets scattered throughout the Metropolitan Albuquerque area, each with their own scheduled day. Go to abqgrowersmkts.org for a complete list of locations and schedules. Our Growers Markets are a very integral part of the local produce scene. Sure, you'll find some of the big dogs of our local growing scene at your neighborhood growers' market, but more often, you'll find a diverse community of the truly small-time garden farmers, who graciously bring bounty of their urban garden farms to market, keeping our rural tradition alive. Speaking for my growers' market in Los Ranchos (Saturdays, 7 to 11 a.m.), you'll find the best in seasonal grown produce, sometimes intentionally grown for market on tiny pieces of land (we intensely grow on about a third of an acre, yes, a third of an acre), but more often a large part of these growers simply have an abundance grown for their personal use and so then bring it to market. You'll also get to share a recipe on how to use that kale, swap a tale on how many plums your son-in-law's tree had this year, or remark on that heirloom variety of flower that you haven't seen in years. It truly is a very special community event. We also have local arts and crafts and weekly musicians at our market. So, come early and experience the diversity of the Albuquerque Area Growers Markets! Where's the Research?Dear Alibi, [RE: Newscity, "Just Don't Act Out," June 10-16] Being that I am a Christian and recently completed a year as Mr. New Mexico Gay Pride, I was sad to see such an example of poor research on a topic. Had Ms. Garcia put the most minimal amount of research into her article she would have found there are many churches in Albuquerque that are welcoming to the GLBTQ community: First Congregational United Church of Christ, Church of the Good Shepherd, United Church of Christ, Sombra Del Monte Disciples of Christ, First Presbyterian Church, Central United Methodist Church, Christ Unity Church, the Independent Catholic Church in America, St. Luke's Lutheran. I serve the Church of the Good Shepherd UCC as Music Director. When I entered the Pride Contest last year, my pastor and several church leaders were there to support me. In the year following, I centered my fundraising efforts around the goal of closing the gap between the gay community and the church community. My efforts ended up raising just over $1,800 for this year's Pride Parade and Festival. So, despite what Ms. Garcia's article says, there are lots of places gay people can go to worship and participate in the life of the church. I hope that in future issues your reporter will at least bother to do a better job of research. False EconomyDear Alibi, I keep seeing and hearing the Bush campaign ad on TV highly touting President Bush for creating some 480,000 or so jobs during the month of May and for growth of the economy during the past 10 months. I find this ad very misleading because they don't provide the public with the whole truth. This shouldn't surprise me since most of the their ads deal in half-truths. This is a blatant disservice to the American public. While the economy, based on the stock market indicators, has continued to grow steadily during the past 10 months and there were about 480,000 new jobs created during May, they don't bother to tell the public that the economic growth is primarily attributed to increased productivity due to cheap foreign labor costs and that the national unemployment rate has deteriorated or remained unchanged—hovering around 5.7 percent. The only deductions that I can make out of our current economic scenario is that either this administration's rich corporate buddies are manipulating the stock market with highly innovative bookkeeping practices for political reasons or the economy has continued to grow based on increased industrial productivity due cheap or slave labor costs attained by outsourcing their work or relocating their companies to foreign countries. Our current economy, while it may be improving, represents a false economy—one whose bottom will drop like a lead balloon, sooner or later. In either case, this does not reflect a strong American economy. The only ones that benefit from this type of economy is corporate America. In the interim, the American people are being "hung out to dry" in more ways than one: high unemployment and having to buy American products produced in foreign countries. A strong American economy is one that is based on "patriotic" financial investments by corporate America in America—expanding their companies "in-house;" thus, creating many new jobs for the American people and reducing the unemployment rate. This is the real sign of a strong American economy. This administration has failed miserably in this area. They seem more intent in proliferating corporate greed, rather than doing what's in the best interest of the American people. I just hope that the American people can see through all their political shenanigans. Wedding Bells for New Mexico GaysDear Alibi, RE: Commentary, "They're Here, They're Queer, They're Married, Get Used to It," June 10-16] Touché! Gwyneth Doland's commentary was a brilliantly written representation of how so many of us educated, compassionate, free thinking members of society view the ridiculous ongoing debate of the gay marriage issue. Can't we get over it already? As Ms. Doland so eloquently points out, "... We don't legislate the private sex lives of our citizens." And in my opinion, denying legal marriage rights to gays and lesbians is doing just that! And, more importantly, it's outright discrimination! Haven't our gay and lesbian friends and colleagues been subjected to enough pain, embarrassment and discrimination? If these gay couples are willing to make the monumental commitment and sacrifice it takes to make marriage work, I say lets give them the opportunity. After all, the straight couples have screwed up the sanctity of marriage to the tune of a 50 percent divorce rate. Let's let our gay friends have a shot at it. Best President (next to Reagan) since LincolnDear Alibi, We can't stand to have the liberals in power. They will pull us out of Iraq and Afganastan [sic]. They will let the terrorists regroup and put together another big attack on this Great Country of ours. We must attack, attack, attack. We must keep the terrorists on the run. They cannot have time to stop and breathe. With the liberals in power people like Ted Kennedy, Hillary Clinton (who said that Hussien [sic] was helping terrorists) and John Kerry will make it much easier for terrorists to attack by ending the war in Iraq and the war on terror and getting rid of the PATRIOT Act; they basically are supporting terrorism. They want to get out of other countries that are in need of military help because it might hurt them politically. They don't want to stop the terrorists. They want innocent people to die (Americans, the people of Irasrel [sic], etc.) They didn't want to go to war because Saddum [sic]was less of a threat to them as Bush is. Bush is the Best President (next to Reagan) since Lincoln. The liberals are scared that he will ruin them. He is right on every thing he has done in office. Animals in PayneDear Alibi, [RE: Payne's World, "Primary Postmortem," June 10-16] Greg, you and I go way back. You have repeatedly acknowledged and apologized for allowing a terrible thing to happen in the city under your watch as city councilor six years ago. You said that you were oblivious to the atrocities that were going on at Albuquerque Animal Services and my pleas for help because you were a new city councilor and the energy and enthusiasm of your campaign made you lose focus. Yet, you attribute blatant superiority to these specious traits in your comparison of Sen. Richard Romero and Miles Nelson. You characterized Nelson as having "energy, enthusiasm, momentum, organization and fire in the belly" and Sen. Romero as "gentlemanly." Although I have forgiven you for being a Republican, as the mother of all that is grassroots, may I remind you of what it means to have true and demonstrated courage, conviction and public service? Sen. Romero marched in Washington D.C. for women's right to choose. In Congress, he will protect that right. He introduced a bill that is now law, to ban intracardiac euthanasia on shelter animals. None of the other five legislators to whom I have written about this issue even bothered to answer my letters. I sat next to Sen. Romero on the Senate floor and in committees and had the privilege of observing first hand his unwavering strength as he fought to end this shameful practice of animal torture. He also sponsored a bill to add a bittering agent to antifreeze to protect our pets and children. Gentlemanly, indeed. Beat it, ReskinDear Alibi, [RE: Letters to the Editor, "Beyond Comprehension," June 17-13] Speaking of "barely literate drivel from an undereducated yokel," I am writing to comment on the letter written by Joe Reskin. I am a native New Mexican. I grew up on a farm that is near a small town in the southeastern part of the state. In the ensuing years, I earned a college degree and have held various responsible jobs in the medical field. I have traveled throughout the United States, Canada and Europe. I spent some time at the University of Warwick in Coventry studying English literature. I have read The Iliad, and I have also read Sidney Sheldon novels. What of it?! I do not feel I have had to overcome any disadvantages by being from New Mexico, or by choosing to live in this "hapless burg" known as Albuquerque. I have a feeling that the majority of Albuquerqueans could definitely "hold their own" in any conversation with Mr. Reskin. I believe that Mr. Reskin needs to leave this city which has so let him down ... but not for the same reasons he thinks are valid. Mr. Reskin, feel free to return to whatever cultural haven you came from. We Won't Forget!Dear Alibi, [RE: Payne's World, "Buying Blow from the Bench," June 17-23] Especially when it comes time to vote for retention of incumbent judges. If we are not to be allowed the knowledge of which judges violate the law, then I personally will vote to oust all of them next time! It has always rankled me that so many things are "secret" in our great state. From secret deals (amounting to $450,000 of taxpayer revenues!) with cops accused of corruption, rape and cocaine dealing to how often drug dealers manage to "get away" (and innocent civilians manage to get killed in the process, as in Ralph Garrison). Perhaps all of us working together and voting together will clean our wonderful home city and state of this canker sore that is the present establishment in some quarters! Letters should be sent with the writer's name, address and daytime phone number via e-mail to email@example.com. They can also be faxed to (505) 256-9651. Letters may be edited for length and clarity, and may be published in any medium; we regret that owing to the volume of correspondence we cannot reply to every letter. | Today's EventsCreative Movement Workshop at Main LibraryChildren learn basic dance concepts such as rhythm, balance, shape, imagination and more. For ages 2-4. Salsa Rhythm and Timing at Hiland Dance StudioBentley Zumba at Hiland TheaterMore Recommended Events ›› | |
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text: Sharon Foster Management is a professional actors' agency based in Birmingham, UK, and operating nationwide. Thanks to strong links with employers both locally and nationally, the agency's actors are currently employed countrywide in a wide range of projects, including film, television, radio, theatre, commercials and corporate work. The agency was established and is managed by Sharon Foster. Sharon's background is in theatre, production and casting. Whatever role you need to cast, Sharon Foster Management's professionalism and diverse portfolio of clients and contacts will help you to find exactly the right person. Call 0121 443 4865 or e-mail with your casting brief for a rapid response.


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Nike Manchester United 40th anniversary of 1st European Trophy long sleeve player issue shirt. Man-U 2008-09 3rd shirt in royal blue with embroidered Nike logo. Screened sponsor design in smaller size champions league version shirt. A moisture-wicking weave and technology offers cool comfort . 100% polyester.Add official licensed Lextra N&N of players and badges from the list below.
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Thankfully, there are three Mac "wake up" apps you can use to break away from your REMs and into the real world.
Red Alarm Clock
This app is a nice free widget that runs on the dashboard of your Mac. I wouldn't say it has much going for it graphics-wise (and it actually advertises its creator's other anime-related app), but if simplistic functionality is what you are wanting, then Red Alarm Clock has got it going on.
The widget is a little harder to understand at first than its other more feature-oriented counterparts (as mentioned in MakeUseOf's past article, Best Alternative Alarm Clocks The Best Alternative Alarm Clocks for Windows and Mac The Best Alternative Alarm Clocks for Windows and Mac Read More ), but perhaps the beauty of it all is its minimalist approach to waking you up.
Rather than using one song or the traditional alarm clock noise that sounds like a duck having its feathers forcefully removed, it takes a note from the old days of radio alarms by playing one of your iTunes playlists.
Lastly, Red Alarm Clock operates on a twenty-four hour system, ridding itself from AM and PM restraints. The twenty-four hour clock took a little getting used to for me, but I am aware of many instances in which I have accidentally set my alarm for PM instead of AM.
It would have been nice to see that on the app, but functionality is the name of the game, and it certainly has that. Plus, since it's free, what do you have to lose?
As a guy, deciding what to wear for the day is a nigh impossible task. Usually, the best option for me is to pick up whatever smells clean (even if it's on the floor), but Swackett is one weather app that can change such habits.
Deriving its name from three words ("sweater," "jacket," and "coat"), Swackett offers you suggestions on what to wear based on its weather information. For the summer weather, it might suggest a tank-top or even sun block, but in the cooler months, hoodies and sweatshirts take precedence.
Besides its basic clothing advice, Swackett gives you a nice description of the current conditions and the forecast for today's, tonight's, and even tomorrow's weather. All of this information comes in a nicely packaged, easy-to-read window that also features air quality alerts and other weather warnings. To be honest, this may be one of the most usable weather apps out there.
In addition to the app's practical clothing advice, it offers Easter eggs for various holidays and special themes that will give you very unique clothing options. Granted, the only free themes available are the Standard, Modern, and 1950s editions, but there are other themes that can be purchased for a small price (such as the British Invasion edition).
As of right now, Swackett is test-driving a new web app for their amazing weather prediction service. This app is virtually the same as the original Mac desktop version, but it runs in your web browser. Furthermore, the web app works on PC browsers too. This isn't as nice as being able to pull Swackett up as a stand-alone executable, but it's the next best thing.
As a final note, the makers of Swackett have announced that iDevice apps are coming soon.
Mirror HD
Keep it simple with Mirror HD, a basic little app that takes the video feed from your iSight camera and turns your Mac into a pseudo-reflective surface. I personally think that this is a nice solution to my desire to shave and tweet at the same time. Unfortunately, prior to making screenshots for this article, I had already shaved and tweeted.
The app is fairly raw with no extra features or secret cool items, but I do think it's good for quick little appearance checks before you head out the door. This also might be nice right before an actual job interview or perhaps prior to coffee with that one girl you met on OKCupid.
The only qualm with Mirror HD might be the fact that it advertises itself as a "full-screen" app. In all truth, it just opens up a fairly large window with no options to resize.
What you might be thinking right now is, "I can do the same exact thing with Photo Booth" and guess what? You can. But at least Mirror HD provides a bigger screen. Also, you won't have to worry about accidentally taking an embarrassing picture of yourself whilst performing nostril inspections.
There really isn't much to say about Mirror HD except that it does exactly what it says it does. You don't have to worry about any ads clogging up your screen real estate or any "special" paid options either.
Granted, they won't be the apps you can't live without, but they can definitely help. Hopefully they will provide you that extra morning convenience you need before meeting the boys at IHOP for a round of pancakes.
What apps do you use to get ready in the morning? What are your opinions on these three?
Image Credit: beanworks
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Where is the app that can put you to sleep? Oh wait, you cant smoke from your iphone yet.. Wait. imaycreate that one.
maybe along the side with heat resistant ceramic one hitter


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Album Summary
- Sanford Sylvan
- Ruth Cunningham (Voice)
Notes & Reviews:
Coro Allegro, led by Hodgkins, is dedicated to building social and musical bridges through high-quality performances of significant choral works and expanding the available repertoire for music. Their performances have received widespread critical acclaim through the Boston Globe, the Boston Phoenix, the Boston Music Intelligencer, and many others.
Notes & Reviews:Recording information: Church of the Covenant, Boston, MA.
There are currently no reviews, be the first one!Also Purchased
Works Details
Ness, Patricia Van : Requiem for baritone soloist & chorus- Performer: Sanford Sylvan
- Conductor: David Hodgkins
- Ensemble: Allegro
- Running Time: 34 min. 57 sec.
- Period Time: Contemporary
- Form: Choral
- Written: 2004
- Studio/Live: Live
Ness, Patricia Van : The Voice of the Tenth Muse, for soprano soloist & chorus
- Performer: Ruth Cunningham (Voice)
- Conductor: David Hodgkins
- Running Time: 28 min. 38 sec.
- Period Time: Contemporary
- Written: 1998
- Studio/Live: Live
Unspecified : Untitled CD-ROM Track
- Conductor: David Hodgkins
- Period Time: Modern


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Since she was a toddler, Remaya Campbell wanted to be behind the camera.
At age 4, she directed a home movie of the fairy tale âRapunzel.â
âI got my dad to hold the camera and got my brother to play the prince,â the 17-year-old said. âWe shot the video scene by scene. I guess I really liked it.â
The love of storytelling grew over the years, leading to her acceptance to the USC School of Cinematic Arts in January.
Remaya, a senior at Santiago High School in Corona, received a Trustee Scholarship, which pays full tuition valued at nearly $200,000 for four years.
The Corona resident credits her mom, Patricia, with teaching her to read and write. When she was 7, her mother read âThe Lord of the Ringsâ trilogy with her.
âShe said, âIf you can read all the books with me, you can watch the movies,ââ said Remaya, who was home schooled until fourth grade. âSheâs my inspiration for storytelling.â
Though she participated in Santiagoâs theater program two years ago, Remaya said sheâs not interested in being in front of the camera.
âFame never really appealed to me,â she said. âIt really is an extra burden to be an actor and have people see you and your likeness everywhere. Behind the scenes is where the magic happens.â
She said she wants to be a film producer because she likes âseeing things come together and being the organizational force behind it.â
Tony Tyler, who teaches television production at Santiago, said Remaya is passionate about whatever she does. Sheâs a natural leader who communicates what needs to be done and gets along with her peers, he added.
âWhen youâre trying to do video, youâre trying to convey emotion and feeling,â Tyler said. âSheâs able to capture that. She sees it in her mind and sheâs able to produce it.â
At Santiago, Remaya helps put together episodes of âShark TV,â which broadcasts comedy sketches, campus news and features stories.
While she expects to pursue a career in the entertainment industry, her back-up plan is to become a lawyer. She plans to double major in film and psychology at USC.
Remaya said she was surprised by the reaction when it was announced at school that she received a scholarship to attend film school.


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P'Kolino Silly Soft Seating - Iggy
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Historical Views of the Rockaways
This rare view of the first Arverne elevated boardwalk was taken from the eastern end of the promenade at Beach 59 Street. The western terminus was at Beach 74 Street.
On the left in the distance is the Arverne Pier Theatre, which opened at Beach 67 Street on the walk in 1904, and was carried out to sea during the great storm of 1914. Said storm also took a section of the walk's east end, down to the giant Colonial Hall Hotel (just to the right of center in the view) at Beach 64 Street.
The storm of 1920 rang the death bell for the Arverne walk, and twothirds of the structure was closed and condemned by city inspectors. About five years or so later, the entire Peninsula had a new municipal beach and boardwalk, the latter with concrete piling as a foundation, and iron railings on the walk, stairs and ramps to same.
The hotel at right center remains unnamed to this day, and the architecture of the place is unusual. The roof overhang and angled supports do not appear on any other Arverne buildings or hotels, as do wrap-around first floor porches and columned front entrances. Could there be a glassed-in roof garden under that umbrella top? The building is on Beach 62 Street, and by 1907 it was surrounded by many other two and three story buildings.
Can any architect out there in Waveland enlighten readers as to what types of roof this was?


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Master Class: Authors of Artisan Pizza's and Flatbreads in Five Minutes
In their new, easy-to-follow cookbook, creators Jeff and Zoë instruct readers on how to use their game-changing technique of stored, no-knead dough to make one of America's favorite dishes. With tips from the authors, such as how to toss pizza or create the perfect puffed pita dough, and an abundance of delicious recipes, any at-home chef will be able to whip up a batch of delicious bread within minutes—and fill their home with the enticing aroma of a professional bakery.
With lightning-fast recipes that can be executed faster than taking a trip to your local pizzeria, you can make pizzas and flatbreads that range from savory to sweet that will satisfy every member of your family. In addition to traditional versions of mouth-watering flatbread doughs and pizza crusts, there are alternatives that can be made with whole grain, spelt, and gluten-free ingredients. Please join us for this special class. Sign up today, space is limited.


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text: Jalopnik's Justin Hyde Talks Red Light Cameras On MSNBCScott Kidder7/29/11 11:21amFiled to: on airJustin HydeRed Light CamerasAlex WittMsnbcpromoPromotionJalopnik on msnbc0EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Jalopnik's Justin Hyde joined MSNBC's Alex Witt on Saturday July 30, 2011 to talk about red light cameras. Watch the clip above! Advertisement For media requests, please contact Kevin Prince at email@example.com.


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San Diego modern Indians
Alcoholism, native artifacts, water rights, the coming of the casinos
Various Authors 4:06 p.m., March 26
Here in San Diego, we have and annual "Over The Line" softball tournament which lasts two weekends per year. During those two weekends, spectators come to see hot women in bikinis play a form of softball (yes, there are guy teams too). The setting is on a small peninsula on the beach and usually resembles a giant frat party/ Mardi Gras for those two weekends out of the year. Occasionally one of the girls attending the event may flash her boobs. Well, this year when my friend an I attended we were greeted with huge signs that stated public displays of nudity were against the law and would not be tolerated. So, the two weekends per year when adults could have a little risque fun is no more. Will I be there next year? Nope and I'm sure many others will be missing the non-event in the future too. Did I attend just for the occasional glimpse at boobs? Nah, I really enjoy walking around in the hot sun all afternoon in the desert, drinking overpriced beer, standing in long lines to use the smelly outhouses while watching old men play softball. Seriously though, its not like Mardi Gras is every day in New Orleans nor is that festive in San Diego...ever. But, is it really so bad to have a little of that crazy, juvenile fun just a few days per year? Apparently so.
Agreed. And yes, I used to go in my 20s to see the boy bodies!!!
OTL on Fiesta island is a dump, and once was enough for me.....would much rather kick it at South Mission and play casual...


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At first I thought I would never watch this anime because of the little fat B*** @$$ looking main character. BUT I LOVED SWORD ART ONLINE, so I figured I'd give it a shot.
The story was amazing. I felt like there was a lot of plot twists and little arcs that were somewhat unpredictable. Some of it was, but even when it was, I was still entertained.
All of the characters had deep relationships with each other that really showed a lot of emotion. There was a lot of trust and betrayal and I was very satisfied with pretty much all of the characters.
Overall I'd recommend to over-look the fat stupid looking main character and give this show a shot.
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Khloe Kardashian Looks Hawt In Her Jeans
Who's cuter? Khloe's jeans or Lamar?
-PJ Gach
Khloe Kardashian knows how to keep her hubby's (and our) concentration on her! She wore J Brand 811 skinny leg jeans ($176, singer22.com) when she and Lamar were running errands in LA.
Read Dress Porn: Chloe Wrap Dress
While we're not crazy about the floppy boots, we are digging the Balenciaga bag and lacey top she paired with the fire engine jeans.
PJ Gach is the Senior Editor: Style + Beauty at BettyConfidential.


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I've had two stints in the UFC. I've lost fights I've won. I've retired and returned from retirement. I've been champion of a reputable promotion. I jointly hold their record for consecutive title defenses in my division. I've had 3 FOTN and 1 SOTN in the UFC. When I hear the phrase sex, drugs and rock'n'roll, the only part that I don't regret is rock'n'roll.
If you swing and the ball is already in the catcher's mitt, you got caught looking. You gotta give me some poetic license for incorrect guesses.
Alright, so I'm up. I started my career 12-0 I have won over 30 fights by way of submission I was in the UFC for a while, but I couldn't handle the heat Since then I have gone 12-14 Who am I?
I Have fought in multiple weight divisions before. I have never been knocked down I have the most octagon time in the UFC Who Am I?
Some of my fans describe me as a "young lion" in my weight division. My aggression and hunger for the kill has lead me to lose, even when I was able to victimize my prey. I was even the favorite heading into my last fight against an opponent who "likes to stay on top of things," but I ran into his upgraded form.


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We are so happy that Shop Small Saturday is amongst us! It's the perfect time to start your holiday shopping as I know most of you will have it complete or at least have a few items checked off. If you're stuck on a few of your 'hard to buy for' peeps, we're here to help you out! A group of handmade artisans are here to assist you in your whittle down your Christmas list. On November 24th and 25, we are all offering DISCOUNTS to our shops!!! You can shop from home on your computer in your PJs with your favorite coffee cup filled with your favorite bevy! We aim to please, you know! Use the discount code 'WARMANDFUZZY' to receive 15% off discounts this weekend!!! Taradara Mama … [Read more...]
Fabric Feature Friday ~ Etsy Shop
Oh, there's been a LOT new in the shop this week!! I've been a busy busy gal!There's a Discount Code, did ya hear?! BRACELET for 15% offgoes till tomorrow, then there's a little something starting on Sunday{see at the end of the post} ************** I announced a new product line on Wednesday Taradara's Funky Bracelets! I'm SEW excited to have these released to you!!!Here are a few:Buy it hereDon't let this one slip by, get it here Here are a few other pretties listed during the week for your viewing pleasure...I brought the popular Card Holders back in to the shop as well!I had sold out and just made a bunch more! Great fabrics on this one! Almost want to make one for … [Read more...]


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Talk:Archbishop of Canterbury
From OrthodoxWiki
Would it perhaps make more sense to reverse the order of these lists, so that the earlier archbishops are on the top of the list, and the later ones at the bottom? --Rdr. Andrew 11:55, 7 Feb 2005 (CST)
I think it would be best to have a consecutive list with three subdivisions as opposed to three somewhat disjointed lists. (In other words, yes.) --magda 13:57, 7 Feb 2005 (CST)
Is that better? --magda 14:30, 7 Feb 2005 (CST)
Okay. I'll work on that. -- Joffridus
- In case I wasn't clear, I was advising that the list be ordered with the earliest dates at the top, descending to the later dates (which is the same as other chronological lists in OrthodoxWiki articles). Thus, you'd have St. Augustine of Canterbury first, with Archbishop Rowan Williams last. --Rdr. Andrew 19:36, 7 Feb 2005 (CST)
Okay. Done.
I came across his commemoration (May 12) as a saint in this typikon. There are a few more mentions in Orthodox commemorations, but not many.


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In it, but not of it. TPM DC
Reid: I Can't Get Unanimous Support From Dems To Use The Bathroom, Let Alone For Obama's Jobs Bill
I asked Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) at his weekly press conference Tuesday whether the changes he's making to the bill will win it the full support of his caucus. It's not looking very likely. "You can't trap me into unanimous," Reid said. "As I've indicated here before, to get all my senators to agree that I can take a break and go to the bathroom, I can't quite get that. So we'll get most everyone. There could be -- I don't know who -- but there could be some that don't support it. But it would be a rare situation."
A handful or two of Senate Democrats have expressed opposition to the way Obama's proposed to pay for the legislation, particularly from oil-patch Democrats concerned that the plan as written could result in higher taxes on oil and gas companies. Reid suggested the details of the revised pay-fors will be released soon.
"There are a wide range of things that we're looking at, because the only objections I've heard from my caucus on the President's jobs bill is dealing with the pay-fors, so we're resolving that issue as we speak," Reid said.
On the Senate floor Tuesday, Reid said he expected a majority of the Senate (51-plus members) will support Obama's plan when all's said and done. That means he's still figuring a couple members of his party won't be swayed.
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Sen. John McCain (R) dismissed President Obama's handling of Islamic State fighters on Sunday, saying on CNN's "State of the Union" that the limited airstrikes in Iraq since Friday don't go far enough.
"It's clearly very, very ineffective, to say the least," McCain said. "That's not a strategy, that's not a policy. That is simply a very narrow and focused approach to a problem that is metastasizing as we speak."
McCain said the United States should also target the Islamic State in Syria, provide training to Kurdish forces, and send equipment to Irbil, the regional capital of the Iraqi region of Kurdistan, currently threatened by Islamic State forces.
"This is an Iraqi problem, but it's a United States problem," he said, adding that there is a "vacuum of American leadership in Iraq."