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Numéro de publication | US3449037 A |
Type de publication | Octroi |
Date de publication | 10 juin 1969 |
Date de dépôt | 14 mars 1966 |
Date de priorité | 14 mars 1966 |
Autre référence de publication | DE1547137B1 |
Numéro de publication | US 3449037 A, US 3449037A, US-A-3449037, US3449037 A, US3449037A |
Inventeurs | Koester Charles J |
Cessionnaire d'origine | American Optical Corp |
Exporter la citation | BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan |
Citations de brevets (3), Référencé par (11), Classifications (5), Événements juridiques (1) | |
Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet | |
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June 10, 1969 FIBER OPTICAL IMAGE-ENHANCING DEVICES SYSTEMS Filed March 14, 1966 Zwli I? 4 /j;v"a'
I I 45 p INVENTOR. CHARLES a. KOESTER M a J /H U U 4 E 4 g 5 v 7 L 1 v/ M A C w 4 0 2 2 5 4 WM IIK 1 /W 77 United States Patent Int. Cl. G02b 5/16 US. Cl. 350-96 3 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Optical system employing fiber optical image-transmitting assembly and light-dispersing and image-forming means in fixed, spaced relation to the opposite end faces of said assembly for enhancing the resolution of twodimensional full color images transmitted by said system.
This invention relates broadly to improved optical systems, and the like constructed and arranged to transmit two-dimensional images of improved quality from one location to another.
More particularly, the invention relates to optical image-transmitting devices, systems, and the like of improved construction and optical design and which employ in each instance as essential parts of the system a lighttransmitting assembly or structure comprising a two-dimensional array of light-conducting channels or components capable of simultaneously transmitting in a range of spectral color, elemental bits of two-dimensional picture information, or the like, from an entrance area to an exit area thereof and a pair of light-dispersing relay systems aligned respectively with and oriented relative to said entrance and exit areas in such a manner as to enable two-dimensional images of improved optical quality and improved resolution, as compared with those which have been possible heretofore using comparable lighttransmitting assemblies and structures, to be transmitted from one location to another thereby. Included within the meaning of the words two-dimensional light-transmitting assemblies and structures as used herein would be fiber optical image-transmitting bundles, both rigid and flexible, as well as multiple-channeled light-transmitting grids, screens and the like for conducting elemental bits of two-dimensional picture information or the like in various colors therethrough.
More specifically, the improved optical image-transmitting system employs a fiber optical bundle or an equivalent assembly, and adjacent an entrance area and also adjacent an exit are thereof, two light-dispersing relay systems each including light-dispersing means arranged in optical alignment, and with said bundle or assembly comprising a relatively large number of similar th-in elongated light-conducting channels or components having their respective opposite end portions, at least, arranged in adjacent side-by-side generally parallel grouped relation to one another and in like geometric array, and in proper alignment with and in proper orientation relative to both of said relay systems. As will be explained hereinafter, modifications of the fiber optical bundle or multiple channel image-transmitting structure are possible.
A conventional fiber optical bundle, composed of a very large number of thin elongated light-conducting components (often referred to as fiber optical components) arranged in like closely packed array at their opposite ends, functions on the principle that each of these components will operate as a transparent light pipe or elemental transmission channel and conduct light from a different small part or spot in an object at the entrance end of the bundle to a corresponding small part or spot 3,449,037 Patented June 10, 1969 at the exit end of the bundle, and thus jointly these spots will produce a complete image of the object at the exit end of the bundle. While elongated components have here been referred to, it is pointed out that their particular length is not critical insofar as the instant invention is concerned. For good image resolution, however, it is essential that a very large number of light-conducting components be used and that each be relatively small in crosssectional size.
However, difiiculty has been experienced heretofore in obtaining as high quality and as high resolution in the transmitted image as might be desired due partly, at least, to the appearance of dark spots within the transmitted imaged caused by reduced transmittance or discontinuity in one or more of the elemental image transmission channels of the bundle, and also partly because of the gridlike or chicken-wire-like effect which appears in the transmitted image because of spaces between individual or groups of channels.
Also, it has been found that, under high image magnification, the relative positions of individual components of the bundle at the exit end-relative to adjacent components at the same end can introduce distortions into the transmitted image and thus limit the degree of resolution which can be obtained therein.
In an endeavor to remove such objectional conditions and distortions from an image being transmitted, such as, for example, when a fiber optical bundle is being used, it has previously been suggested that the opposite ends of the bundle should be synchronously vibrated or synchronously rotated relative to the object to be transmitted and relative to the image receiving means. Such an arrangement, however, is far from satisfactory due at least in part to the need of additional equipment for producing such motion of the bundle ends and the means for effecting such synchronization.
It is, accordingly, an object of the present invention to provide a fiber optical image-transmitting system, or the like, comprising a fiber optical bundle or assembly comprising a very large number of thin elongated light-conducting components, arranged, at least adjacent their opposite end portions, in side-by-side closely bunched parallel relation to each other and in like geometric array, and a pair of similar light-relaying systems including image-forming and light-dispersing means arranged in aligned relation therewith and in proper orientation relative to the entrance and exit ends of the assembly, respectively, whereby two-dimensional images of improved quality, good color contrast and high resolution substantially free from any chicken-wire effect or the like may be transmitted thereby.
It should be appreciated, of course, that the bundle or assembly of like light-conducting components mentioned above, may be of any reasonable length desired and that the cross-sectional size of the ends of the bundle and that the cross-sectional size of the light-conducting components thereof (which in usual fashion comprise solid light-transmitting cores, such as lass or plastic, and of predetermined refractive index smolid transparent claddings of glass or plastic of lower refractive index) may be of any dimensions needed within a relatively wide range of sizes, but, of course, would be within keeping with the particular use to which said fiber optical image-transmitting system is to be put and whether or not a relatively rigid or fairly flexible assembly is desired.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description which follows when taken in conjunction with the accompanying draiwings in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic showing of structure embodying the present invention; a
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially upon section line 22 of FIG. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 3 is a sketch corresponding somewhat to a sectional view upon section line 33 of FIG. 1 for use in describing principles of operation of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially upon section line 44 of FIG. 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing, materially enlarged, a portion of the structure of FIG. 1, in order to better explain principles of operation of the invention; same being taken upon section 5-5 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5A is a sketch also for use in explaining said principles of operation; and
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 3 but showing a modified fiber optical assembly.
Referring to the drawing in detail and in particular FIG. 1 wherein one embodiment of the invention for transmitting two-dimensional images is diagrammatically shown, it will be appreciated that a fiber optical bundle or assembly is indicated generally by the numeral 10 and that this assembly is disposed in the optical system so as to have its entrance end portion 12 arranged in optical alignment with a first light-relaying system 14 and its exit end portion 15 arranged in optical alignment with a second substantially similar light-relaying system 16. The fiber optical assembly 10, which preferably would be in most instances of square or nearly square crosssectional shape (and which will be more fully described hereinafter), is not only aligned with but also suitably oriented relative to relay systems 14 and 16 at its opposite ends.
The relay system 14, it will be noted, comprises in alignment along optical axis 11 first lens means 17, chromatic dispersion and second lens means 18, said dispersion means being in the form of a direct-viewing prism 20. In like manner, relay system 16 comprises in alignment along optical axis 11' first lens means 22, chromatic dispersion means and second lens means 24, said dispersion means likewise being in the form of a direct-viewing prism 26. Thus, relay system 14, as indicated by light rays 27 in FIG. 1, is positioned and arranged so as to focus upon an object plane and to form, in a general sense, an image of an object, such as object 28, at this location (illuminated b light rays 29) at image plane 30. Image plane 30 is, in fact, coincident with the entrance end face of assembly 10. In like manner, relay system 16, as indicated by light rays 31, is positioned and arranged so as to focus upon an object plane 33 coincident with the exit end face of the assembly 10 and to form, in a general sense, an image of the light received therefrom at a conjugate image plane 35. A viewing screen 37, or the like, may be disposed at image plane 35 for receiving and displaying such images, or an eye lens or a camera could be focused insted upon this image plane. Also opaque plates 38 and 39 are shown for supporting the opposite ends of assembly 10 in proper positions.
FIGURES 2 and 4 are enlarged sectional views taken substantially upon section line 2-2 and section line 4-4, respectively, in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 is a sketch corresponding somewhat to a sectional view upon section line 3-3 of FIG. 1. FIG. 2 shows an illuminated object in the form of a target 28 having two arrows BAC and DAB in crossed relation as a pattern thereon, the two-dimensional image of which is to be transmitted by the improved optical system of the present invention from object plane 25 to image plane 35.
FIG. 3 shows supporting plate 38 and in dotted outline the more or less square end of the fiber optical bundle or assembly 10 carried thereby. Such a bundle would comprise, in known fashion, a very large number of similar thin elongated light-conducting components (each having a high refractive index transparent core surrounded by a lower refractive index cladding) disposed, at least adjacent their opposite end portions, in side-by-side bunched relation to one another so as to form entrance and exit end faces for the bundle, and with the said components at their opposite ends being arranged in like geometric array. Thus, it will be see that assembly 10 comprises, adjaeent its entrance end, a relatively large number of thin elongated light-conducting components including, for example, components l2(a), 12, and 12(n) which are laterally spaced relative to each other and also 12'(f) and 12(g) which are vertically spaced relative thereto. These light-conducting components at their exit end portions would also be similarly disposed and arranged in like geometric array. However, intermediate their opposite ends, the light-conducting components may or may not be so arranged, particularly if flexibility in the bundle or assembly 10 is desirable.
FIG. 4 is intended to show a two-dimensional image of the pattern BAC and DAB as transmitted by the improved fiber optical system to the image plane 35 and as received upon viewing screen 37 at this location, same being indicated at B"A"C" and D"A"E.
In order to better describe the principles of operation of the invention, FIG. 5 shows, in longitudinal section and appreciably enlarged, the first light-relaying system 14 of FIG. l. lf, for the moment, it is imagined that prism means 20 has been omitted from this relaying system 14, it will be appreciated that under such conditions, lens means 17 and 18 together would image axial object point A at axial image point A. Note that the light rays travelling between these two lens means is substantially parallel light, and that this image would be formed upon the entrance end face of light-conducting component 12'. It follows, of course, that vertically spaced points B and C would likewise form images at image plane 30 but at points B and C below and above image point A respectivel ln FlGURE 5, however, when prism means 20 is present in the relay system 14 also comprising means 17 and 18, not only will the light rays from a polychromatically illuminated object point A in the object plane 25 be re-imaged by said lens means substantially at image plane 30 but, furthermore, each of the various different wavelengths of this illumination from point A Wlll be at the same time differently refracted by prism means 20 and thus differently dispersed by the time they reach image plane 30, Accordingly, instead of a single polychromatrc image of point A being formed at image point A, an image of point A in each different color or wavelength of the polychromatic illumination will be formed at image plane 30 and these different colored images will be somewhat differently vertically located relative to one another at image plane 30 in accordance witl. the refractive and dispersive characteristics of the prism means 20. In fact, this light from object point A will be formed into a line spectrum of these colors at image plane 30.
It follows that if object point A is, for example, illuminated by white light, this white light will be directed by lens means 17 as substantially parallel light toward prism means 20 and will be dispersed thereby into its component colors or wavelengths. Thereafter, the light of each different wavelength will be focused by lens means 18 at a slightly different vertically displaced location in image plane 30. Thus, yellow light from point A of a wavelength (x for instance, may be so deviated by prism means 20 and re-imaged by lens means 18 as to form a yellow image of A substantially at image point A( (See also FIG. 5A.) However, at the same time, the red component of this white light from point A and at a wavelength (A may be so deviated by the prism means 20 and re-imaged by lens means 18, as indicated by dotted lines, as to form a red image of A at image point A( Likewise, the blue component of this white light form object point A and of a wavelength (A may be so deviated by prism means 20 and re-imaged by lens means 18,
as indicated by dotted lines, as to form a blue image of point A at image point A'( It will immediately be appreciated that, due to the prism means in the path of the light rays coming from object point A, all of the images of A being formed in the various different component wavelengths will be differently deviated but will be adjacent one another and thus will appear as an elongated spectrum of colors as indicated by dotted outline A'(S) in FIG. 5A at image plane 30.
Even though only a narrow band of wavelengths (A of yellow light from object point A will enter the lightconducting component 12 of the fiber bundle and the other wavelengths, such as A()\ and A'( will be focused at image plane 30 above and below this component 12' and thus will enter other components or channels, nevertheless, it follows that other illuminated points in the object plane in the same vertical plane, such as points B and C (see also FIG. 2) will be, at the same time, contributing illumination through the relay system 14 in such a manner as to have each of these points not only imaged at the image plane but also have the different wavelengths thereof dispersed by the prism means 20 into a spectrum of image points of different colors. Of course, each of these spectrums will be vertically offset relative to the spectrum formed by light from point A. The result will be, however, that light of a narrow band of wavelengths from point B and a different narrow band from point C, for example, will impinge upon the entrance end of the light-conducting component 12' and will be simultaneously conducted thereby. The physical width of such a narrow band of wavelengths will depend upon the transverse dimension of the entrance end of the elemental image-conducting component or channel 12' and the wavelengths within this band will depend upon the amount of dispersion provided by the prism means employed.
If reference is now again made to FIG. 2, it will be seen that, for discussion, two closely spaced vertical reference lines 42 and 44 are shown. Note that FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view which lies substantially between these two lines. For the discussion which follows, it will be convenient to consider that the spacing between these two lines 42 and 44 has been chosen so as to just equal the transverse dimension of the image of the end face of light-conducting component 12' of FIG. 3, when projected back through the relay system 14 to object plane 25 and onto the object 28. Thus, that for each differently vertically displaced object point B, A, C etc. (within the narrow strip indicated between parallel lines 42 and 44) only a small part of the spectral image light therefrom will impinge upon and will be transmitted by a light-conducting component, such as light-conducting component 12'. (The remainder, however, will enter other components, above or below.) Nevertheless, each of such vertically displaced components will be simultaneously transmitting light from other nearby object points within this narrow vertical strip, such as from points forming parts of arrow BAC in FIG. 2; and this will be so notwithstanding the fact that such differently vertically located object points contributing light simultaneously to such a component will be, in fact, contributing light of different narrow wavelength bands.
Thus, in effect, each light-conducting component of the assembly (like component 12') will be simultaneously transmitting one elemental bit of picture information in one color or narrow band from one small object area, a second elemental bit of picture information in a different color or narrow band from a second small object area vertically offset from the first, and so forth; and with the total amount and character of such picture information which is transmitted in elemental bit form and in various dilferent colors from a plurality of small vertically offset object areas by any single selected component being dependent upon the degree of dispersion provided the light at the entrance end of the component and the number of vertically arranged components at the entrance end of the assembly which would normally receive such dispersed light from a single object point.
It is important to note that each of these different transmitted bits of picture information in various different colors can be later separately retrieved and re-combined in their proper relative positions to each other in the reconstructed transmitted picture at the exit end of the system by suitable refracting and dispersing means which will be presently more fully described.
The combining of a number of these elemental bits of picture information, all representing the same small picture area but in different colors and transmitted by different light-conducting components, at one small final image area, results in a reconstitution of that area of the picture in essentially the same color values and intensities as it had originally. It should be noted, furthermore, that if one of these light-conducting components or channels, for instance, becomes broken, the particular bit of picture information from any object area which would have otherwise been carried in a certain color by this component to the image area, will only amount to a small fractional part of the total information from said object area; the much greater part being carried in other colors and by many other light-conducting components in adjacent relation thereto. Thus, when these transmitted bits are being re-combined at the exit end of the system, they will form the picture image area in substantially the color values and intensities of the original; the slight amount of light lost due to the broken component being substantially un-noticed. Even if a relatively extensive breakage of components or fibers in a fiber bundle occurs, the effect upon the transmitted image will not ordinarily be noticeable.
From FIG. 3, it will be clear that many similar lightconducting components, such as 12(f) and 12(g) are also contained in the same vertical plane which contains component 12' and, accordingly, it should be kept in mind that each will receive dispersed light from points in the object field in substantially the same manner as component 12'.
The object pattern at 28 in FIG. 2 is two-dimensional and contains also horizontally-extending arrow DAE. Since the assembly 10 also comprises many small lightconducting components arranged, as indicated in FIG. 3, in laterally spaced relation to component 12', it should be readily appreciated that each individual one of these laterally spaced light-conducting components such as at 12(a) and 12'(n) may be thought of in a like manner but with each lying in a different longitudinally-extending vertically disposed plane through the relay system 14. Thus, each individual laterally spaced component will, in a similar manner, conduct light received from a correspondingly laterally offset vertically extending strip or portion of object field 28.
The exit end portion 15 of the light-conducting components of the assembly, as already pointed out, are arranged in like geometric array. Accordingly, since relay system 16 is similar to the already-described relay system 14, the exit ends of the light-conducting components of assembly 10 will be imaged thereby at image plane 35. At the same time, the various wavelengths of light transmitted through the components will be similarly dispersed by prism means 26.
Thus, when the relay system 16 is properly oriented as to its dispersion relative to the light-conducting components at exit end 15, so that the dispersion of the prism 26 is in properly oriented relation to the already-dispersed light travelling through the bundle, this dispersed light at the exit end 15 of the assembly 10 will be imaged by lens means 22 and 26 at image plane 35 and, at the same time, it will be re-combined by the prism means 26 with the result that a white light image of the object will be formed.
This may be more readily appreciated, if it is kept in mind that the yellow light of wavelength M from object point A in FIG. is being conducted to the exit end of the assembly by component 12', that the red light of wavelength x, from the same point is being conducted by a different component disposed somewhat above component 12' and that the blue light of wavelength x, from the same point is being conducted by a different component disposed somewhat below component 12'. However, in much the same way as discussed already relative to FIG. 5, these components of the white light from point A may be considered as imaged by the lens means 17, 18 at final image plane 35 and, at the same time, the red, the yellow and the blue light from point A will be refracted differently by the prism means 26 with the result that same will be brought together or into coincidence at the final image plane 35 and will form in full color values at axial image point A" a picture image which is the substantial equivalent to that of object area A.
When the prism means has been positioned in fixed relation to the entrance end of the assembly or bundle 10, it may then be considered that there is only one orientation of the prism 26 relative to the exit end of the assembly 10 which will be the best position for full color image transmission therethrough; and thus if prism 26 is at such a time rotated about the axis 11' to any other position, the system will not provide as good results.
Accordingly, when the prism 26 is in its proper position relative to the exit end of the bundle 10 to receive the dispersed light therefrom and in accordance with the manner in which this dispersed light entered the entrance end of the bundle 10, a two-dimensional white light" image, such as shown by vertical arrow B"AC and horizontal arrow D"AE in FIG. 4, will be formed and this transmitted image will be of improved optical quality and improved definition, as compared to images transmitted by conventional fiber optical bundles of like dimensions and like fiber size, and this transmitted image will have substantially full color contrast. Since every part of the final image is formed by light traversing a plurality of fibers or components, an averaging effect is produced and such things as individual broken components in the bundle will have no more than an insignificant effect thereupon. Also, the lines of demarcation between fibers or components in the final image will substantially disappear while the individual object lines in the transmitted image will look smooth, continuous and more natural at all locations, when compared with the same object lines when transmitted by a conventional fiber optical bundle.
While prims means 20 and prism means 26 have been mentioned as the light-dispersing means for the first and the second light-relaying systems 14 and 16, respectively, it should be noted that either or both of these means could be replaced, if desired, by other light-dispersing means such as a diffraction grating or the like. Also, while the image-forming means of relay system 14 (and likewise of relay system 16) has been described above as comprising two spaced lenses with parallel light" between, and same is preferred construction (and was used herein since same had advantages in presenting a clear explanation of the principles of operation of the invention), nevertheless, it should be understood that a single image-forming lens adjacent the dispersion prism may be employed instead in either or both relay systems, if desired, with very acceptable results.
Even though an image-transmitting optical system which employs a full bundle of light-conducting components at its entrance and exit ends has already been discussed as a preferred embodiment in the invention, it would be possible to provide a modified form of the invention wherein a picture image may be transmitted by an assembly of less weight and of smaller size intermediate its opposite ends. Instead of using a full bundle of light-conducting components, a limited number of flat ribhon-like layers of light-conducting components secured together in spaced relation to one another at the opposite ends of the bundle are used. Preferably, the spacing between layers would be such as to enable several different components of different layers to simultaneously collect different wavelengths of light from the same single object point, and also the arrangement of the layers and the arrangement of the light-conducting components thereof at the opposite ends of the bundle would be in like geometric array. Thus, a more economical bundle of less weight, less size intermediate its ends and more flexibility could be obtained.
For example, in FIG. 6, the entrance end of a modified bundle is shown at and comprises six layers 46 of components arranged in spaced vertically stacked relation to one another; same being held in such spaced relation by opaque layers 48 of an epoxy cement or the like. The end of the bundle, in turn, is shown supported by a supporting plate or the like 38'. Obviously, the opposite ends of such a bundle would be similarly arranged.
Thus, an arrangement of suitable cross-sectional area and using 5, 6, 7 or more spaced layers could be disposed so that from any selected point in the object field, the different layers thereof will receive different component colors of the dispersed image-containing light transmitted by the first relaying system. This dispersed light would then be transmitted through the bundle, emitted at the exit end thereof and re-combined by the second relaying system so as to form the final image. A modified fiber bundle of six layers each employing 1,000 light-conducting components, for example, would be much more economical to manufacture than would be a bundle containing 1,000 layers each contaning 1,000 components. Also, in connection with the arrangement of groups of fibers in H0. 6, it is preferred to have the different groups staggered slightly relative to one another so that the corresponding individual light-conducting components of the different layers will not be vertically aligned with one another.
It is evident that a fairly large amount of the incident light at the entrance end of such a modified bundle would be lost, or, more exactly stated, unused, and that the final image will not appear as bright as before. Nevertheless, image resolution and color contrast would still be of acceptable quality, and the economy resulting from the use of such an abbreviated bundle, on the other hand, might very well be desired in certain instrumentation or the like. Also, insofar as an optical system employing such a modified bundle is concerned, individual broken light-conducting components will have only a minor detrimental e fect upon the total amount of available light at any single point in the final image. Also, the chicken-wire effect mentioned previously will have disappeared.
It is clear from the preceding description that full uninterrupted two-dimensiona] images with good color contrast can be transmitted by the improved optical systems of the present invention even though the light-conducting components thereof are not always arranged in immediately adjacent relation to one another. It is here pointed out, furthermore, that a fiber optical bundle could, in fact, have the individual light-conducting components thereof at its opposite ends spaced somewhat in all directions from one another and this spacing could be more or less of a random spacing and same would function satisfactorily in transporting the image-containing light from one end thereof to the other as long as the spacing between adjacent components is not too great. To function satisfactorily, the dispersed wavelengths from each different point in the object field should be received in several different colors by at least several different lightconducting components. Of course, the light-conducting components at one end of the bundle should have the same geometric array as those at the opposite end thereof. Even though as much as 50% or even of the total light impinging upon the entrance end of such a bundle would he at times unused, nevertheless, the remainder would be sufficient to provide a satisfactory image of less intensity but in color contrast and good resolution at the final image plane.
The dispersion means shown in the light-relaying systems of FIGS. 1 and 5 are in the form of direct view dispersion prisms 20 and 26. A diffraction grating could be used in the place of either of these prisms, if desired. However, an even better light-dispersing arrangement for some purposes might be when the light-relaying system is provided with both a diffraction grating and a prism arranged in proper alignment so as to function together. The grating would be arranged to first receive and diffract a part of the image-containing light rays into a first order spectrum of colors and the prism would be disposed so as to receive this spectral light and provide a further dispersion of the wavelengths thereof. A reason why a better dispersion could be obtained in this manner is due to the fact that within the first order spectral light from the grating the red Wavelengths would be deviated the most and the blue and violet wavelengths would be deviated the least. Just the opposite is true insofar as the refracted wavelengths from the prism are concerned; and thus together a greater spectral distribution can be obtained thereby while the deviations tend to offset each other.
It has been found advisable, when using fiber optical bundles which have their individual components arranged in symmetrical patterns or rows such as is suggested by the components in FIG. 3, and thus tend to have definite lines of demarcation appear between adjacent rows of components in the transmitted image, to orient the ends of the bundle in such a manner as to have these lines angularly arranged, such as at 45, relative to the direction of the dispersion of the light being transmitted thereby. When such is the case, streakedness, and the like, in the background of the transmitted light image will be minimized.
In the light-relaying systems 14 and 16 of FIG. 1 described above, positive spherical lenses have been indicated at 17, 18, 22 and 24 for re-imaging the light rays transmitted thereby. While the lenses of each relay system have been shown as bi-convex lenses, it is evident that plano-convex lenses could be used instead and could even be placed with their plano surfaces adjacent and cemented to the entrance and exit faces of the prism means, if desired. In fact, it would even be possible to actually form such convex lens surfaces directly upon the opposite faces of the prism means, if desired, and obtain equivalent colordispersing and image-forming results for the relay system as those already described above.
Fiber optical image-transmitting bundles and the like which have the individual light-conducting components or light channels thereof tapered are known and have been used for magnifying or minifying the optical images transmitted thereby, and even, at times, have had their entrance and/or exit end surfaces spherically curved to better face and fit the curvature of field of a lens system or the like associated therewith. Obviously, the individual light-conducting channels or components of such a tapered structure or bundle are not exactly parallel to one another but are, nevertheless, and in a more general sense parallel to adjacent components thereof and while still having their opposite ends in like geometric array. It should be appreciated that the improved invention disclosed herein may be employed successfully with said bundle or structure having many tapered light paths.
Having described my invention, I claim:
1. An optical system for transmitting in full color contrast two-dimensional optical images from an object plane to a final image plane materially spaced therefrom, said optical system comprising a first light-relaying system, a fiber optical assembly and a second light-relaying system disposed in optical alignment, said assembly comprising a relatively large number of thin, elongated light-conducting components having their respective opposite end portions arranged in adjacent side-by-side parallel relation to one another and in like geometric array so as to provide similar bundle-like formations at opposite ends of said assembly having appreciable height and width, said components at each end of said assembly having optically finished end surfaces disposed in a common transverse plane so as to provide entrance and exit areas, said first light-relaying system comprising lens means positioned so as to focus light rays from an object at said object plane substantially at the entrance end of said assembly and light-dispersing means positioned in such fixed spaced relation to said entrance end as to disperse the component wavelengths of said light rays from each different object point into a spectrum of colors in a transverse direction at said entrance end and with each spectrum of such size as to have the component wavelengths thereof impinge upon at least several adjacent light-conducting compoents, said second light-relaying system comprising lens means focused upon the exit end of said fiber optical assembly and arranged to form an image of light rays transmitted thereby substantially at said final image plane and light-dispersing means so disposed in fixed spaced relation relative to the exit end of said assembly and so oriented relative thereto as to disperse the light rays received from said assembly in such a manner as to recombine said component wavelengths and form an image in full color contrast at said final image plane.
2. An image-transmitting optical system as defined in claim 1 wherein the means for dispersing the light transmitted by at least one of said light-relaying systems comprises a prism.
3. An image-transmitting optical system as defined in claim 1 wherein the means for dispersing the light transmitted by at least one of said light-relaying systems comprises a diffraction grating.
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US9480390 | 18 déc. 2014 | 1 nov. 2016 | Ashkan Farhadi | Endoscope accessory |
US20020034457 * | 10 oct. 2001 | 21 mars 2002 | Reichert W. Monty | Integrated optic waveguide immunosensor |
Classification aux États-Unis | 385/116, 346/33.00R |
Classification internationale | G02B6/06 |
Classification coopérative | G02B6/06 |
Classification européenne | G02B6/06 |
Date | Code | Événement | Description |
20 mai 1982 | AS | Assignment | Owner name: WARNER LAMBERT COMPANY, 201 TABOR ROAD, MORRIS PLA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:AMERICAN OPTICAL CORPORATION,;REEL/FRAME:004034/0681 Effective date: 19820513 Owner name: WARNER LAMBERT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.; 6373 STEMMONS F Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:WARNER LAMBERT COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004034/0700 Effective date: 19820514 |


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Home » Directory » Tamil Nadu » Coimbatore » Business » Computer » Multimedia
Multimedia in Coimbatore
Latest Website Listings
- Websters Media Offering services in web design, multimedia services, internet solutions, printing services, broadcast solutions, animation & special effects and 3D design.
- Lens & Lights - Media Solutionsý Engaged in providing photography services, multimedia services, advertising solution and marketing services.
- Sushma Multimedia Engaged in providing multimedia presentation, CD-Rom & corporate presentation, 3d modeling & animation, web site designing, e-commerce solutions, hosting, software programming and print media services.
- Solomon Software Solomon Software is focused on providing Internet and Multimedia solutions to the small to medium sized business community. Solomon Software help clients to achieve their business goals through customized web design, software products ecommerce solutions, multimedia presentations and various internet marketing programs designed to promote their business.
- Visual Graphics Providing services in web site design, logo design, multimedia presentation,seo website,search engine optimization, internet marketing and maintenance and management of exiting web site.
- Media Beez Offering services in web designing, multimedia, graphic design and internet marketing.
- Zintera InfoTech Zintera InfoTech is a Outsourced Website Design and Development India, Coimbatore. We experts in web application development, web designs and software development. Zintera, is an offshore development centre for overseas firms our services areas are Web Design, Web Development, Graphics Design, Ecommerce, B2B/B2C, Shopping Cart, Web portal, Web application.
- GKS Process Since 1980, clients have chosen GKS Process for its distinguished service. GKS Process began its block making service for the printing industry and has grown and evolved ever since. It currently operates out of an 6,000 square foot facility centrally located in the Coimbatore City.
- Vj Live Our dedicated servers are specifically tuned for video streaming. This means high speed access with superb quality. Our network and servers can easily be scaled to handle as many simultaneous viewers as you require. They can bless you over the internet. Multiple people from different locations can view the wedding at same time.
- Caresoft Global Caresoft Global is an IT enabled service provider ITes, providing global services in the areas of Engineering Services, Multimedia Services, Technical Publications, Software Development and Knowledge Process Outsourcing, using latest technologies and meticulous quality processes.
- Vikash Infosolutions Pvt. Ltd. Vikash give their clients enormous support in the drive for success through total management of Designed projects. Every phase of the process should enhance the end product. It's a fundamental principle of the Vikash mission. Take a look at some of our work. We are proud of our web sites and they each provide effective.
- rediff Host rediff Host is a full service Software and Multimedia solution provider located in Coimbatore South India. We offer a comprehensive set of solutions for all your multimedia oriented design needs.We are providing Software Solutions with focus and specialty in the following arena in the technology driven business environment.
- CapusTechnology Solutions Capus Technology Solutions is a leading offshore software development company which deals in Customized Software Development, Implementation support, Quality Assurance, hitech multimedia designing solutions, Business Process Outsourcing BPO and Search Engine Optimization SEO.
- ADT Ascender Digital Technologies is business-to-business service provider with over 100 dedicated staff members.ADT earned its status as a preferred and reliable leading publishing company providing services like Author Liason, Project Management, Scanning, Data conversion etc.
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Multimedia - ALL INDIA
@ All India (950)
© SurfIndia . All Rights Reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


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Megashare - Starring Billy Ray Reynolds Movies
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The story: Works on the Rainbow Warrior III project at Maritim Shipyard in Gdansk, Poland. The hull is composed of seven sections, which were prepared individually in the shipbuilding hall. All components are built upside down and must be turned before being moved to the hull. On this photo: turning of the bow section in front of the hull.
© Oliver Tjaden / Greenpeace
What should be the caption? Tell us in comments!
Vote now!
Juliette is a Digital Mobilisation Specialist at Greenpeace International. She likes chocolate, narwhals, and is slightly obsessed with the Arctic.
Alex99 says:
Rainbow Warrior III takes the bow to defend our seas.
Posted 1 November, 2010 at 15:29 Flag abuse Reply
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VikingRed says:
How we supposed to get the whales to hide in there?
Posted 1 November, 2010 at 15:45 Flag abuse Reply
Swedish Fish says:
Greenpeace turning the world right side up, section by section.
Posted 1 November, 2010 at 15:54 Flag abuse Reply
Andrew says:
Turn a Rainbow over and you have got a smile
Posted 1 November, 2010 at 16:44 Flag abuse Reply
green earthling says:
Piece by piece Rainbow Warrior comes together... Piece by piece, Greenpeace makes our world better place!
Posted 1 November, 2010 at 16:48 Flag abuse Reply
piece by piece The rainbow warrior rises from the scrap to fight this cruel capitalism soceity!
Somewhere up and over The Rainbow!
Posted 1 November, 2010 at 16:55 Flag abuse Reply
The Rainbow Warrior III will get on the right side everytime!
Posted 1 November, 2010 at 16:59 Flag abuse Reply
Valerie says:
Whoops a daisy!
Posted 1 November, 2010 at 18:10 Flag abuse Reply
siclu says:
What would happen if we turned it this way? WOW it's a boat!!
Posted 1 November, 2010 at 18:52 Flag abuse Reply
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If you thought the multifamily industry bottomed out in 2009, hold on to your hats. The murky depths of the Great Recession are still to come. It could be another few quarters before the multifamily industry reaches the bottom of the current cycle, according to several recent reports.
More overleveraged developers and owners, surviving on loan extensions, will be forced to turn in the keys in 2010 as fundamentals continue to fall before the market hits bottom around the end of the year. Once there, value declines will approach about 40 percent, on average, from the mid-2007 peak—the worst decline since the Great Depression and worse than seen in the early 1990s. Those are just some of the sobering conclusions reached by The Emerging Trends in Real Estate report, recently released by the Urban Land Institute and PricewaterhouseCoopers.
While there have been much fewer "fire sales," than in the RTC days, "the quickness at which fundamentals have declined, and the pace at which values have deteriorated, is the difference between now and then," says Susan Smith, director of real estate advisory practice at New York-based PricewaterhouseCoopers. "If the commercial real estate market doesn't improve fast enough to increase values, and you can't refinance because your property value is down 30 percent, you're going to either have to come up with a lot more equity or sell."
Additionally, multifamily cap rates are expected to rise at least another 30 basis points, on average, ending 2010 at around 8 percent nationally, forecasts the report. The report also predicts that another 100 banks could fail this year, as consensus grows among regulators, lenders, and borrowers that "amending and extending" has reached the point of diminishing returns.
The good news is that multifamily will be the first commercial asset class to recover, the only "with a hint of hope" sector based on demographic demand and constrained supply. "It's the most preferred investment class right now for most investors," Smith says. "It's the one property sector where you're still able to get relatively-decent financing." The top markets for multifamily investment include Washington., D.C.; San Francisco; Los Angeles; Seattle; and San Diego (with Boston and New York close behind), according to the survey.
Grubb & Ellis' recently released 2010 Real Estate Forecast echoes the Emerging Trends report, indicating that commercial real estate fundamentals will decline more slowly in 2010, bottoming near the end of the year. The report also predicts that as more distressed assets hit the market in 2010, a 20 percent to 30 percent increase in sales volume over 2009 levels will occur. The top five markets for multifamily investment include (in order): Los Angeles; Washington, D.C.; Orange County, Calif.; San Diego; and Oakland/East Bay, Calif.
CMBS Delinquencies Climb
The excesses of the CMBS market will continue to loom over the multifamily industry in 2010 as delinquencies mount. The percentage of CMBS loans 30 or more days delinquent has gone above 6 percent for the first time in the sector's history, according to a recent report from New York-based research firm Trepp. The multifamily rate grew 49 basis points in December, climbing to 9.27 percent, a 325 percent increase from where it started 2009. In all, the CMBS delinquency rate rose more than 500 percent in 2009, from 1.21 percent to 6.07 percent.
But the 60-day delinquency rates are a little more palatable, ringing in the New Year at 4.71 percent overall, and 7.5 percent for the multifamily industry, according to New York-based Fitch Ratings. The amount of total dollars delinquent in the multifamily industry grew from $1.6 billion at the end of 2008 to a whopping $5 billion at the end of 2009.
But brace yourself: The worst is yet to come. "Though delinquencies have increased approximately five times from a year ago, they may not peak until 2012," says Mary MacNeill, managing director of Fitch. "An increased amount of loans are coming due over the next two years that will result in delinquencies possibly peaking at 12 percent."


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Nice view...
Lets Get Started!
Nice view...
Nice pics. Just got home. If it wasnt for that shower it would of been a perfect nite. Nice set up at the landing too.
Great pics. Must be that new lens.
Jay-absolutely stunning photos.Cant wait to see more. GARY
Jay, truly amazing pictures. Great job. Have fun. db
Great pics. I left just before the rain came. I'm still trying to figure out how they got that Cig CC into the middle of the landing. Big triple axle trailer and those steps don't look like they'd mix.
Hoping to get out on my friend's boat tomorrow for a front row seat. Otherwise, I may find a good spot on land to check things out.
Looking forward to more pics too.
Great pics once again Jay and thanks for what you do and do so well. Wish I could be there but I have to show up at home every once in a while.
Have lots of fun this weekend but be safe.


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'Real Housewives' hubby wins round vs. ex-wife by driving her from home (7/8/08)
Part IV: "Housewives hubby evicts ex." Previously: Husband of the Year George Peterson gets Judge Nancy Pollard to order his ex-wife, Gina Peterson, out of her home of two decades - with a week's notice. George last year married The Perfect Woman: "Real Housewives of Orange County" Botoxophile Lauri Waring.
Gina got the last U-Haul load of stuff down the hill Thursday night and spent the next three days unloading 20-years into two storage units in Whittier. She called Sunday night at what I still think of as the Bonanza Hour. She was physically exhausted, but mentally she's alwaysexhausted from dealing with George's incessant crap, so she seemed pretty normal, for Gina.
For at least one evening she got to relax over dinner with friends, she told me, but this drama is far from over.
People ask: What is Gina really like? Is George really this mean? Do you think Gina's at all to blame for this mess?
Look, I don't know Gina that well. But over the last year or so, I've talked to her many times and I've communicated with her mom and sister many times. I have somesense of things.
Gina is not some dumb bimbo. She'll send me long, virtually mistake-free emails. They are repetitive, they show an unhealthy obsession with certain topics, but they do contain a fair amount of well-reasoned argument and deduction.
Gina, I'm sure, was a natural knockout in her 20s. Her sister and their mom are knockouts. I'll bet her grandmother, who she's staying with, is a knockout. Gina, who went the surgical-enhancement route, is still a knockout at 44. There's definitely some look-at-me insecurity there, which like most of us, she can't totally overcome.
There's a beautiful person in there, which I know because while others sometimes talk about George in a vengeful way, Gina never does. Never. Mainly she keeps asking, why? Why doesn't he stop fighting over child-custody issues? (Issues she can't discuss, per a gag order.)
Why should we feel sorry for her? For four years George had to pay her more than $6,200 a month in alimony, plus child support, plus she got to live in a big house. Rather than occasionally clubbing around with Dennis Rodman, why didn't she get some college units, work herself into a good job, move out earlier, etc. …
She could have. She's not blameless. For much of that time, though, she had the primary responsibility for four kids. And she has the rescuer gene. She takes in stray teenagers, animals and power forwards. Their problems become hers. She is a woman of faith - she's been going to Calvary churches since her teens. But she gets bogged down.
Why pick on George? Because, based on his behavior, the motions he's filed in court to wrest the kids from Gina that I saw before the gag order, and this latest stunt with the one-week eviction notice, how can you not think he's a bully?
George opened the door to public scrutiny by going on "The Real Housewives," which portrayed this twisted union of his and Lauri's as some wacky "Brady Bunch"-like blending of families and George as this aw-shucks benevolent multimillionaire who finally found his princess and swept her off her extensively pedicured feet. A crock.
In George I see my own worst instincts, ones I'd guess most men carry to some degree. George has taken it to a level that's extreme even by "Housewives" standards. Is it because he has so much money he can do whatever he wants? (Scary question to self: If I had that kind of money, would I be such a heel?)
If George isso bad, why does the judge seem to allow him to get away with all this? Why wasn't there a full hearing on George's attorney's motion to evict Gina with a week's notice? What difference would a couple more days have meant? I don't know. Pollard's gag order has kept me from attending court.
All I can say is, congratulations, George. You're a big man.
The good news is, Gina has new attorneys. This is going on appeal and three justices will get a long look at this case - I hope in a way open to the public - and figure it out. I look forward to their ruling.
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The Siemens ET845BN17E Quick-lite ceramic hob provides fast, instant heat up for a number of cooking possibilities. Simple and sleek, the modern glass ceramic cooktop is easy to keep clean. With touchControl the cooking zones can be activated and controlled with the light touch of a single finger. An electronic power level display with 17 power levels keeps you updated at all times. The 21cm two ring cooking zone and extendable roasting zone are perfect for larger pots and roasting pans. A restart function, automatic safety switch off and residual heat indicators provide peace of mind. The child safety lock safely prevents unintentional switch-on.
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Rapala for Kinect
Rapala for Kinect features an arcade style fishing experience controlled completely by a players movements with intuitive commands that creates a sport fishing title never before seen on Kinect for Xbox 360. One to four players will compete in exciting contests in a race against the clock. Traveling between fishing hot spots will boil down to fast paced, motor mashing player versus player races. A rapid fire, forty five seconds from cast to catch, ensures fun, quick and intense angling action. Players will drop in and out of the action with barely a pause.
Release Date: November 15, 2011
Latest Reviews
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GameSpot | 09/08/11 | Screenshots | n/a |
GameSpot | 09/08/11 | Movie | n/a |


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Yes, let's understand and respect each others religions before we make comments-response to esanReader comment on item: Is Prince Charles a Convert to Islam? Submitted by Debbie (United States), Dec 8, 2008 at 09:56 Respect for one anothers religions is the real issue here. People are entitled to their own beliefs. This is the issue I have with Islam. Do not impose your beliefs on others. If they come to you freely and want to convert, so be it, but don't disrespect, besmearch the holy bible. Religion is based on a belief and faith system, of the persons choice. Quit trying to impose Islamic beliefs on those who are totally dedicated to Jesus Christ! Our faith is just as strong as yours, and our loyalty just as strong and as true in spirit as yours! You can throw all your barbs and stones, and words at others religions. This is not freedom of choice. We know all about your goal of world domination. You won't get your chance to bring in the Church of Christ, because we will be out of here in the blink of an eye, so go after those who are easily brainwashed and easily led to your domination. Violence is not peace, or humility. Do you think no one knows what the Koran says, or that we can't buy a copy of the Koran. Sura IX: And when the sacred months are passed, kill those who join other Gods with God wherever ye shall find them; and seize them; beseige them, and lay wait for them with every kind of ambush: but if they shall convert, and observe prayer, and pay the obligatory alms, then let them go their way, for God is Gracious, merciful. This is saying as long as you obey Islam, you will not be harmed. This is a dictatorship, not peace, freedom, or choice of ones belief. What ever way you slice it, your religion is forcing itself on those who prefer another choice! Note: Opinions expressed in comments are those of the authors alone and not necessarily those of Daniel Pipes. Original writing only, please. Comments are screened and in some cases edited before posting. Reasoned disagreement is welcome but not comments that are scurrilous, off-topic, commercial, disparaging religions, or otherwise inappropriate. For complete regulations, see the "Guidelines for Reader Comments". << Previous Comment Next Comment >> Reader comments (224) on this item
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Welcome to The Canadian Association of Virtual Assistants (CAVA ) ~ merging learning, powerful collaboration and support for business.
CAVA is the only organization created solely for Canadian Virtual Assistants. We provide a venue for VAs to network, share knowledge and skills, plan events and obtain valuable support from other VAs in various stages of business development.
The mission of CAVA is to connect VAs and clients globally. Canadian VAs possess among them the high standards of education, experience and professionalism required to provide exemplary business support services. Through a solid knowledge base, a growing network, and exchange of innovative ideas, Virtual Assistants in Canada are making their mark on a growing profession.
CAVA will be there to help foster this growth…one VA at a time, and one client at a time.
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Fashion Friday on The Plaza was loads of fun! Style bloggers, hipsters, city folk, and Oaklanders all came down to The Plaza last Friday night for a Popuphood happy hour event that emptied the wallets of even the most discerning shopper. With 7 mobile retail trucks parked along The Plaza, generous pours of wine from the friendly vinophiles at Rosenblum Cellars, and beats from DJ A-Kat, attendees had a grand time perusing the merch and kicking off the weekend with some good old fashioned revelry. New! Check out our Youtube channel for fun instagram video's of the event!
Mobile Retail trucks
Representing for Oakland, the Oaklandish fashion truck brought iconic street savvy screenprinted tees. Hailing from SF, Pretty Parlor brought the beauty-parlor-on-wheels and even bang braided Popuphood's Sarah Filley locks. Topshelf Boutique showcased a classy mix of vintage and fashion forward selections. All the trucks – Stop Shop & Roll, The Butlers Pantry, JasyB Boutique, and Just Because – were rolling through town on the West Coast Mobile Retail Association's west coast tour, and they really brought their A game! The lady truck owners brought a downright tempting selection of housewares and gifts and clothing by local and national small batch designers.
Alana Rayford of Uptown Runway rocked a red carpet fashion show at 7 p.m. showcased threads from some the hippest brick and mortar shops in town and some head turning outfits quashed any doubts that Oakland has a unique style and sensibility that can be celebrated all on its own. Hot young things rocked the runway in fashion forward ensembles from Oakland Surf Club, Two Jacks Denim, Show and Tell, Oak Common, Suru Clothing, and NNeka, with kicks by Sole Space, jewelry by Kate Ellen of Crown Nine
The Plaza
This event was momentous because it's part of a larger effort that the City of Oakland and Popuphood are undertaking to reimagine The Plaza in Oakland. Popuphood has already incubated Hub Oakland at The Plaza as its first pop-up tenant, and we are excited to bring more retail to the area. We've also kicked off a series of Plaza events including workshops, panel discussions, and parties, all with the goal of bringing vibrance and dialogue to a previously underutilized public space.
It was also a really important event in determining the future of mobile retail in the Bay Area. As discussed in the recent SF Business Times story, Are retail trucks the next San Francisco crackdown?, the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce recently expressed concern that mobile retail threatens the sales revenue at brick-and-mortar shops. At Fashion Friday, we had both mobile retail and brick-and-mortar shops together on the runway, increasing sales for both efforts.
Innovative events like Fashion Friday are a pathway to a more robust retail sector in Oakland and the Bay Area, using more of an incubation model rather then an either/or or competitive model. We're currently researching the unique needs and challenges of mobile retailers to learn how to better serve them, and help them transition to brick-and-mortar shops. We're also inviting more retail trucks to work with districts and other cities to support our mission of rethinking retail to revitalize neighborhoods.
We'll be keeping you posted on our collaboration with West Coast Mobile Retail Association and our collective leadership around mobile retail policy. Sign up for our email newsletter or follow us on Facebook or Twitter to receive all of our exciting updates.


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96-97: Sarah's Snorkel Test!
Trip Start
Jan 10, 2013
Trip End
Jun 06, 2013
So today would have been my last day, except I am now diving tomorrow too. In a way it's quite nice I get to go out again as ending my dive master internship in the pool isn't exactly ideal. Taylor was doing her instructorness today, as in we performed skills and she has to correct/help us etc. We did the mask skill for one of them and we literally did it about 5 times each. On one of mine I had to keep my eyes shut, put my mask back on and then not clear it. Because Taylor hadn't told us what to do if we kept our eyes closed I had to ignore everything she did to try and get me to clear it. This meant that I was sat for ages with my mask totally filled. This wouldn't have been too bad except Taylor, in an effort to get me to clear it, kept tapping on my nose pocket with ever increasing frustration which only resulted in water being shoved up my nose. Lovely. Eventually after a few minutes of this I just cleared it because I didn't think we were going to get anywhere! After all this I then performed my mask demonstration which I thought I'd screwed up due to my sodding hair getting entangled in the strap but apparently I got a 5, go figure. After this we did rescue skills and I basically acted as an unconscious diver for about 40 minutes. Then we were done, it had still taken a good chunk of the day to go through all of it though.
Now tonight, even though I'm 'technically' not finished as a dive master, is my snorkel test. I'd set it for 7 knowing that everyone would probably turn up around 8 but Martin told me unless it was at 7 he wasn't coming. And I kind of need to have my instructor there. So I rushed home, had a power nap and got ready. There were a few people at 7 but we ended up procrastinating so much that I didn't actually start till 8 when there were a lot more people there. Score. Jade had bought along a crown for me to wear which was completely awesome, so I did my snorkel test in a crown ;) Martin went first and demonstrated with one beer, however Tom and Maarten were on hand to pour rum in as well, so even Martin didn't manage to clear the snorkel fully.
Now I'm not the best at downing drinks and remember you have to down whatever they've put in the funnel (or in my case a huge coke bottle) in one breath. However I managed to clear one whole snorkel in one go, had the shortest breath ever and they poured more in which I definitely did not have enough air for. I tried to stop the flow of the booze, I am not one waste alcohol, but most of it just sprayed all over my legs. Tom had also given me the best tip ever which was that if I didn't like what had gone in the funnel I should just use the snorkel blast method and thereby spraying my wonderful instructor with whatever was in the snorkel. Mahahaha. I did actually do this at one point just for fun and totally got him, brilliant. After the first/second Martin said he was going to pour my favourite liquid in next. I was totally expecting tequila or something but he just poured my water into it, was extremely funny actually. It's kind of a long running joke that I'm ALWAYS carrying a water bottle around with me.
Just after I finished a couple more people turned up including some I didn't expect to come like our boat captain Jaime. I was completely chuffed with the amount of people that came for my send off, so if any of you read this, thanks so much for coming. It meant a lot to me. I wasn't actually drunk after my snorkels but the combination of that, 6 margaritas, and from what I can remember, two shots of tequila meant that I was fairly drunk by the end of the evening. We ended up at Zi Lounge after Coconutz and I eventually just got really tired and decided to send myself home! Was an awesome night though and definitely a great way to end my time in Playa Coco.
Day off today, surprisingly! I don't think I would be so good at work today. I spent most of the morning lounging in bed and snoozing off my small hangover. Eventually I went over to Tabby's house to watch some movies and I finished off my map of Tortuga for my dive master and made it look all purty. We took a fair amount of time deciding what we were going to do for the rest of the evening and eventually went over to Mary's/Father Rooster. I was very happy as I've been wanting to go back there for ages, they have the BEST fries.
After we went back to Mary's and all watched The Grudge together, finally having our scary movie night about two weeks later! Mary's husband nicely drove us home and I spent the rest of the evening packing as I'm leaving tomorrow! It's been a very nice, chilled last night. Thanks ladies!


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10 million years ago, volcanic ash blanketed a thriving prehistoric rhinoceros habitat. What other secrets lie buried in the earth?
U-Haul SuperGraphics have dazzled do-it-yourself movers since their inception in 1988.
This website is owned and operated by Web Team Associates, Inc. Copyright © 2017 U-Haul International, Inc. All rights reserved. U-Haul International, Inc.'s trademarks and copyrights are used under license by Web Team Associates, Inc.
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DECLIFFORD Family Tree and DECLIFFORD Genealogy Records
Last updated: 2009-05-03 | Researchers: 0 | Journals: 2
This is the surname research page for DECLIFFORD. This section is designed to contain general information about DECLIFFORD genealogy research. Please consider adding some of your own research, either as an editor or with journals below.
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DECLIFFORD Family History and DECLIFFORD Family Genealogy Journals
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Wilson in New Zealand. Where were they before they came here
by grrl on 2008-01-08 23:07:28. page views: 1448, comments: 0
by grrl on 2008-01-08 23:07:28. page views: 1448, comments: 0


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Elements MassageNext to Panera and Target • 2 Cellu Dr • Nashua, NH 03063 Tel: (603) 943-8611
Elements MassageNext to Panera and Target
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Voter registration for San Diego mayoral election, Solana Beach measure is Jan. 27
Friday, January 24, 2014
Monday is the voter registration deadline for the Feb. 11 San Diego mayoral runoff election and a ballot measure in Solana Beach.
Anyone who hasn't done so before, has recently moved or changed their name needs to register, according to the county Registrar of Voters office.
The race for San Diego mayor pits David Alvarez against Kevin Faulconer -- both members of the City Council. They won the most votes in a special election in November. The winner will finish the nearly three years left in the term of Bob Filner, who stepped down Aug. 30.
Registration forms are available online at www.sdvote.com, the registrar's office, U.S. Post Offices, public libraries, City Clerk offices and Department of Motor Vehicles offices. Election materials are available in English, Spanish, Filipino, Vietnamese and Chinese.
Registrar Michael Vu said the forms must be postmarked, delivered or completed online by 11:59 p.m. Monday.
Early voting is already under way at the registrar's new location in Kearny Mesa, at 5600 Overland Ave. Voters can cast their ballots there from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. on weekdays until Election Day, when the hours will be 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Registered voters have until Feb. 4 to request a mail ballot.
"When you get your mail ballot, vote it and send it back right away," said Registrar Michael Vu. "We can start processing that ballot so it's ready to count right when the polls close at 8 p.m. on Election Day."
In Solana Beach, voters will decide Proposition B, which would allow special use permits to be issued for the Fletcher Cove Community Center.
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Penname: | Elyse90505 | Member Since: | 2007.04.14 |
Track This Author: | |
Stories Posted: | 1 |
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I am *personal info removed by staff* very much obsessed with Harry Potter. I ship H/G and R/Hr but I do not mind reading stories of other ships. (However, I doubt I will be writing other ships) |
|< 1>|
: The Beginning of The End by Elyse90505
Short story This story takes place after HBP, the summer before his 7th year. This chronicles his adventures as he sets off, with his dedicated friends close behind him, to find the horcruxes, bring down the dark lord, and restore the world to peace. However, will they all survive this journey? Who will fall in love with who? What will the final battle bring? You'll have to read to find out. Genres: General, Romance, Action/Adventure Era: Post-Hogwarts Characters: Ginny, Harry, Hermione, Ron Pairings: Harry/Ginny, Ron/Hermione Advisory: Mild Language, Mild Violence Published: 2007.04.14 Latest Chapter: 2007.04.18 Updated: 2007.04.18 Status: WIP (1241 words) |


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American College of Sports Medicine http://www.acsm.org/
American Council on Exercise http://www.acefitness.org/
Canadian Society of Exercise Physiology http://www.csep.ca/
Healthy U http://www.healthyalberta.com/
Monitor exercise intensity using heart rate. American Council on Exercise website. Available at: http://www.acefitness.org/fitfacts/fitfacts%5Fdisplay.aspx?itemid=38. Accessed January 3, 2013.
Monitoring exercise intensity using perceived exertion. American Council on Exercise website. Available at: http://www.acefitness.org/fitfacts/fitfacts%5Fdisplay.aspx?itemid=48. Accessed January 3, 2013.
Perceived Exertion (Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyone/measuring/exertion.html. Updated March 30, 2011. Accessed January 3, 2013.
Target Heart Rates. American Heart Association website. Available at: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4736. Updated October 15, 2012. Accessed January 3, 2013.
Target Heart Rate and Estimated Maximum Heart Rate. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyone/measuring/heartrate.html. Updated March 30, 2011. Accessed January 3, 2013.
Validating the Talk Test as a Measure of Exercise Intensity. American Council on Exercise website. Available at: http://www.acefitness.org/certifiednewsarticle/888/%20and%20at%20. Accessed January 3, 2013.
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440 In a 65 Fury III Exhaust Question
Evening fellow Hot Rodders!
I am in the process of swapping out the 318 Poly for a 440 Crate motor in my 65 Fury III. I have a set of Headman Headers for a "B" body but there is no way these are going to fit in the 65. I have a stock set of exhaust manifolds for a truck application but there is now way the driver side - center dump will work in ght 65 no clearance at the steering box. I searched the Web for pics and info for a driver side exhaust mainfold for a 65 Fury III with a facotry 383 and could not find anything definitive. I found a driver side - passenger car big block manifold with the rear - angled dump on line. It looks like it will fit fine but without it in my hands to fit up, I am not 100% sure. Before I order it, I was wondering if anyone out there has done this swap, has any pics or any info to help me out. Thanks in advance for your replies! Pat
Last edited by WesTXmc; 09-20-2011 at 09:53 PM. |
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No one out there has any infon on swapping a 440 into a 65 FuryIII?
Thanks for the reply. I understand the differences between B and RB blocks. B body Headman headers will not fit in the 65 Fury with a 440 - been there and there is no way to get the passenger side in due to the torsion bar. The driver side would take some "adjustment" with a hammer to some of the tubes to get it to clear the steering box. I have a set of stock exhaust manifolds for the 440 - but they are for a truck or motor home. The passenger side is a 3/4 dump and the driver side is a center dump. The passenger side works fine but the center dump on the driver side puts it against the steering box which would require grinding on the manifold and the steering box. I know that the 65 Fury III was available with a 383 "B" motor and I was looking for a pic or details on the driver side exhaust manifold for that specific year/car/motor. Mainly so I could see if it was similar to the normal driver side passenger car manifold that dumps in the rear at an angle. I did find a set of 383 Manifolds from a MOPAR in 66 - both are 3/4 dumps which I think will work on the 65? I purchased a B body driver side manifold with the rear dump and am now just waiting for it to show up to see if it will work. I'll post the results when it shows up.
Also discovered today that I will have to take about an inch out of the stock 65 Fury III drive line as the motor/trans using Shuamacher mounts sets back about an inch. Maybe the big block 727 trans is an inch longer than the 318 poly 727? I don't have the Poly trans to measure. I have scoured the internet looking for info on this swap. You would think it would be fairly straight forward due to the factory available 383 in 65. Any detail I have been able to find is fairly vague. Another issue we ran into is that the stock power steering pump wil not work with the 440 - mounts are way different but there has to be some brackets or pump out there that works with the 383? I can't find anything on this. I mocked up the Alternator and power steering pump that came with the 440 out of a motor home - alternator works fine but the pressure side fitting on the back of the power steering pump hits the Shuamacher driver side mount and will not allow the bottom - adjustment bolt to insert into the water pump. The mount bracket will have to be notched for this pump to work. The search for answers continues. |
383 manifolds
There were HiPerformance C Body manifolds produced from around 68 to about 72. I'm not sure what the casting numbers are right offhand, but could look them up. The Pass side was the same as B bodies and the left is C body specific. They have 2 1/2 outlets for the best performance. Look on ebay or get on Cbodydrydock.com want ads.
You will have to have exhaust made for these or purchase a TTI exhaust system-expensive but well worth the money in my opinion. You just have to tell them the manifold casting numbers and the car they go on and very close to a perfect fit. PM me for more info. |
Thanks for all the replies. I found one on EBay - it is not like the Hi Perf ones but it was from a Dodge Monaco and it fit nearly perfect. It's a little tight in the back at the steering shaft heat shield but it has plenty of clearance - did not have to grind, cut or hammer on anything. It was a little challenge to install it as the exhaust studs were stuck in the head so we unbolted the motor mount and raised the motor on the driver side about 2 inches. It almost bolted directly to the existing exhaust for the Poly.
Fired it off today and broke in the cam. Seems to run very good - should be driving it tomorrow! |
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Home Updates Papers Statistics Bibliographies Recs Japanese Foresmutters Fan Fiction Defense Contact |
My Papers about FanfictionI've given some papers about fan fiction at academic conferences. But how? you may well ask, given that I have no formal credentials in the humanities or social sciences. Answer: Henry Jenkins and other popular culture academics are very open to hearing papers from independent fannish scholars, if you can talk the talk. "A Bias in the Heart: Racial Categories in Fan Fiction", at the Popular Culture Association Annual Conference, Toronto, March 2002. "The Smarm Spike: a Psychological and Critical Insight from Within the Fan Community", at the Popular Culture Association Annual Conference, Philadelphia, April 2001. The Fan Fiction Universe: Some Statistical Approaches, at the One Hundred Years of Mass Culture Conference, Carnegie Mellon, September 2000. "The Learning Curve": Hypertext, Fan Fiction, and the Calculus of Human Nature", at the Media in Transition Conference, MIT, October 1999. by Mary Ellen, "Doctor Science, MA" |
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updated November 6, 2002
all material on these pages copyright 1999-2002 Mary Ellen Curtin, except where otherwise noted


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you go girl, good on you for taking a well deserved break, hope you enjoy it and come back feeling relazed and refreshed.
i posted on FB, but i am sending you so much love. we lost our dog six months ago, and i still miss her everyday. you can take heart in knowing that our maddie probably scampered right up to your cooper and they are now busy exploring dog heaven together at this very moment.
thinking of you:(
I feel so sad for you and your family Dav :( Take all the time you need.
Sorry for your loss :(
Oh Honey, I hope your heart feels better -- I'm behind on emails so I'm just now reading this. Take time.
oh Dav.. *hugs*... i'm so sorry for your loss.


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YES! I would like to support the food and transportation programs that allow homebound seniors to remain well-nourished and happy in their homes.
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This documentation is archived and is not being maintained.
SpeakCompletedEventArgs Class
Visual Studio 2010
Returns notification from the SpeakCompleted event.
Assembly: System.Speech (in System.Speech.dll)
The SpeakCompletedEventArgs type exposes the following members.
Name | Description | |
Cancelled | Gets a value indicating whether an asynchronous operation has been canceled. (Inherited from AsyncCompletedEventArgs.) | |
Error | Gets a value indicating which error occurred during an asynchronous operation. (Inherited from AsyncCompletedEventArgs.) | |
Prompt | Gets the prompt associated with the event. (Inherited from PromptEventArgs.) | |
UserState | Gets the unique identifier for the asynchronous task. (Inherited from AsyncCompletedEventArgs.) |
Name | Description | |
Equals(Object) | Determines whether the specified Object is equal to the current Object. (Inherited from Object.) | |
Finalize | Allows an object to try to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before it is reclaimed by garbage collection. (Inherited from Object.) | |
GetHashCode | Serves as a hash function for a particular type. (Inherited from Object.) | |
GetType | Gets the Type of the current instance. (Inherited from Object.) | |
MemberwiseClone | Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. (Inherited from Object.) | |
RaiseExceptionIfNecessary | Raises a user-supplied exception if an asynchronous operation failed. (Inherited from AsyncCompletedEventArgs.) | |
ToString | Returns a string that represents the current object. (Inherited from Object.) |
The SpeakCompletedEventArgs class has no properties, and does not return data from the SpeakCompleted event. It is provided to enable application authors to write event handlers for the SpeakCompleted event. The SpeechSynthesizer raises the SpeakCompleted event at the completion of any of the SpeakAsync() or SpeakSsmlAsync(String) methods.
Windows 7, Windows Vista SP1 or later, Windows XP SP3, Windows Server 2008 (Server Core not supported), Windows Server 2008 R2 (Server Core supported with SP1 or later), Windows Server 2003 SP2
The .NET Framework does not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see .NET Framework System Requirements.


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Fun fact: if your dentist jams a needleful of novacaine in your upper gum REALLY high up there, your nose will go numb too. Learned that today, LOL!
In thanks for all your cyber-goodness, I'm rewarding you with a blast from the past. This is me, circa June 1986 - Kindergarten graduation. Do you notice, in comparison to my profile pic, how my half smirk/half smile hasn't changed much? LOL
I was also super productive as far as craftiness goes. I finally got a fire under my butt and finished the santa hat ornaments. I couldn't find white poms poms (no craft stores here, grrr), so I used small cotton balls and glued them on as well as possible. Whatever, they are done!
I also made a stocking for our own Christmas tree.
I made these clutch bags months ago, but never got around to lining them. Why, you ask? Because, generally, I hate sewing. Why do I hate sewing you ask? Because, well, I suck at it! Thanks to a co-worker, I can backsew well enough to line purses now, but thats as far as I can go.


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Home | Search Forums | Register | Forum Rules | Man Pages | Unix Commands | Linux Commands | FAQ | Members | Search | Today's Posts | Mark Forums Read |
Shell Programming and Scripting BSD, Linux, and UNIX shell scripting Post awk, bash, csh, ksh, perl, php, python, sed, sh, shell scripts, and other shell scripting languages questions here. |
Tags |
sudo, ulimit |
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sudo + ulimit not working ?
When I use sudo with ulimit there is an error but if I use ulimit without sudo there is no error. In bash: Code:
user1@debian:~$ sudo -u user2 -H ulimit -S -c unlimited sudo: ulimit: command not found user1@debian:~$ user1@debian:/home/user1$ ulimit -S -c unlimited user1@debian:/home/user1$ user2@debian:/home/user2$ ulimit -S -c unlimited user2@debian:/home/user2$ The entire content of /etc/security/limits.conf is commented. Content of /etc/sudoers : Code:
# /etc/sudoers # # This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root. # # See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file. # Defaults env_reset,timestamp_timeout=0 # Host alias specification # User alias specification # Cmnd alias specification # User privilege specification root ALL=(ALL) ALL user1 debian=(user2) NOPASSWD: ALL # Uncomment to allow members of group sudo to not need a password # (Note that later entries override this, so you might need to move # it further down) # %sudo ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL Last edited by pludi; 06-07-2010 at 07:00 AM.. Reason: code tags, please... |
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How shall sudo know when your command starts? -c accepts commands, put them into double quotes. Try: Code:
sudo -u user2 -H -c "ulimit -S -c unlimited" |
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-c will not work. I have an old sudo version ? Code:
user1@debian:~$ sudo -u user2 -H -c "ulimit -S -c unlimited" sudo: illegal option `-c' usage: sudo -h | -K | -k | -L | -l | -V | -v usage: sudo [-bEHPS] [-p prompt] [-u username|#uid] [VAR=value] {-i | -s | <command>} usage: sudo -e [-S] [-p prompt] [-u username|#uid] file ... user1@debian:~$ This does not produce any errors... Code:
user1@debian:~$ sudo -u user2 -H bash -c "ulimit -S -c unlimited" user1@debian:~$ |
Sorry, forget what I wrote, I was mixing up sudo with su - I come back when I have checked it out
---------- Post updated at 04:10 PM ---------- Previous update was at 03:46 PM ---------- ulimit is a shell builtin on some OSes and in that case - you can't use shell builtins via sudo as far as I know. If it is an option for you, you might want to change your limits permanent for some user via editing /etc/security/limits.conf or whatever file it is on your OS. Don't forget to relog to make changes for that user/shell active. |
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The VARIO IP PoE i4 series of network illuminators is a new range of fully IP controllable Infra-Red lighting designed for all CCTV and security installations. VARIO IP offers the ultimate flexibility in terms of power input including both PoE (at standard PoE+) or low voltage (24V DC).
VARIO IP provides remote access for quick and easy set up, commissioning operation and maintenance of your lighting scheme. Each VARIO IP illuminator has an integrated web interface enabling users to configure, manage and instantly control large lighting installations, from anywhere on the network.
Discovery software is provided as standard to allow easy and fast connection directly to each lamp and its web interface. Users can truly configure their lighting installation to meet operational requirements and instantly respond to live events in real time, for the best CCTV images and safety 24/7.
With the ability to be controlled remotely from anywhere on the network, VARIO IP also reduces visits to site, minimising transport and labour costs and saving time, whilst ensuring maximum performance from your system at all times.
Brand | Raytec |
Condition | New |
Panel Type | Multi-angle |
Illumination | 850 nm semi-covert |
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Beam Width | 10º, 35º, 60º |
Vario IP PoE Series Instructions (Size: 1.5 MB) |