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December 13th, 2011, 08:42 PM | #1 |
Join Date: Jun 2011
Location: MI
Posts: 2
Omron Function Block
First time with structured text and something isn't working correctly. Simple block, copy of the SCP in Allen Bradley (scale with parameter). The math is off, I think its syntax. Driving me nuts. Its a CJ2M series. Thanks.
December 14th, 2011, 03:01 AM | #2 |
see attached file for my version for scaling int to real
hooey |
December 14th, 2011, 09:44 AM | #3 |
Join Date: Jun 2011
Location: MI
Posts: 2
Thanks Hooey,
The conversion to real was helpful. Getting roughly the same result. I'm running the simulator, here are the values I am using. In = 1000 InMin = 100 InMax = 20000 SclMin = 1 SclMax = 100 SclOut = -49597.80. My trusty excel sheet yields 5.48 This is only my second Omron project so I am still green on this. I attached the .cxp with the FB. Am I using the correct registers? Cheers. |
December 14th, 2011, 03:18 PM | #4 |
Lifetime Supporting Member
Hear is a link to an Omron scale with parameters FB.
The Old Pfhaart |
December 14th, 2011, 03:57 PM | #5 | |
you use of d registers might need reviewing, d registers are 16 bit storage locations so used to store a real type number will use 2 16 bit locations d0 and d1 and as you have used d1 as a input to the function block as constant you will end up with corrupted results . define symbols for inputs to the function block as type real ie. InMin type real, InMax type real, SclMin type real, SclMax type real, SclOut type real and give that a go. Hooey |
December 14th, 2011, 04:16 PM | #6 |
Lifetime Supporting Member
I have basically given away using FBs for almost everything - too slow and painful. I used to use FBs for floating point maths. I often have to extract data from Caterpillar, and other brands, engines. It is extr5acted by Modbus RTU but is in J1939 format - absolute pain. Value, precision and offset. I have attached a routine I recently used on a job - fairly obvious what is going on. Admittedly not scale with parameters nut may help you get a handle on floating point in Omron.
It is part of a standard routine I developed - the engines all come with different information available. I stick in the standard routine and then delete what I do not get from the engine. The only other thing I do is use FIXL (fix long) to read the values in decimal. I then delete the FIXL function when I am happy with the readings I use the floating point values on Omron NS screens. Hope this helps you get a handle on things. Float all values first, including the constants you have to use for precision, multiples to make the values useful and offset values.
The Old Pfhaart |
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Patrick Durkin was born on June 9, 1936 in Linthorpe, Middlesborough, Cleveland, England. He was an actor, known for Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), Nightmare (1972) and The Big Sleep (1978). He died on September 1, 2009 in London, England.
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COSTAMED in Playa del Carmen/Riviera Maya
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An Extensive Breakdown of the Motorola Q11 Hey peeps, I am a long time lurker, first time poster. This issue about the Moto Q 11 though has caused me to join. Alright, at first I was a little excited about the new Motorola Q coming out. I currently have the Q9 Global, and love it! My only qualms about it is no Wi-Fi, but I can live. When I saw this new phone was going to have wi-fi, I went estatic! Then today I just read the specs straight from Moto's website, and my jaw dropped, and like another thread on here says, I was also thinking "YOU GOTTA BE KIDDING ME!" To show you what I mean, here are specs of the Q11: http://www.motorola.com/motoinfo/product/details.jsp?globalObjectId=267 and here are specs of the Q9h: http://direct.motorola.com/hellomoto/motoq9h/experience/pdf/MOTOQ9h_SpecSheet.pdf http://reviews.cnet.com/smartphones/motorola-q9h-at-t/4507-6452_7-32727080.html Ok, let me break down the important parts: BATTERY: Well it looks like you get more talk time with the Q11. Perhaps it's because it doesn't have 3G, but you get 450 minutes with Q11 while you get 390 minutes with Q9h. The standbye time looks significantly different, but I think that's because Moto isn't showing the MAX time for Q11. I would hope Moto decides to use the same batteries as the other phones. I enjoy using the same battery from my old motorola phone. So all in all the battery time is somewhat better. 3G/Wifi: Ok, I guess this is the biggest difference. Q9h has 3G and Q11 has Wi-Fi. Why Q11 doesn't have both is beyond me. I know that it is being released in Brazil first, but the only way I see Q11 having 3G is if they break the thing up into separate models as they did with Q9 series. I guess this could be considered a trade off, since you can't get 3G EVERYWHERE anyways, and Wi-Fi is tied down to hotspots. Either way you still have EDGE, so it all depends on your favorite flavor of high speed. I personally prefer to have 3G if I had to choose. MESSAGING: Correct me if I am wrong, but that seems to be the same between the two. Both support the SMS, MMS, Integrated ActiveSync Email Push, Java App for IM, and have the threaded SMS with Windows Mobile 6.1. AUDIO: This also looks similar: Q9h: AMR NB, AMR WB, MWA, MP3, AAC, AAC+, eAAC+, WAV,MIDI, Real Media Q11: MIDI, MP3, AAC, AAC+, AAC+ Enhanced, WAV, WMA, WAX, WMV VIDEO: All right, here is a big gaff I found. Both phones support MPEG4, H.264, WMV. HOWEVER, the Q9h supports full 30 frames per second, while the Q11 only supports 15 frames per second. This is indeed a step backwards. Maybe not big for some, but this is important for people who would use it as a media player. CAMERA: The Q11 has a 3.0 megapixel, but the Q9h has a 2.0 megapixel camera. However, again the 9h takes video and plays back at 30 FPS. It doesn't doesn't say exactly what it is for Q11 but I would guess it's 15 FPS. I suppose it depends if you take more video than stills. Overall it looks like the camera is slightly better in the Q11 MEMORY: The memory in the Q11 is 128 MB embeded FLASH, and 64 MB of RAM. The memory of the Q9h is 256 MB embeded FLASH and 96 MB RAM. Now right there you can see is another problem. Yes, you can always add more FLASH memory but you CANNOT add more RAM. I find the RAM issue to be a problem because more RAM = faster performance. I have read in different articles that the Moto Q9h performs better than most smartphones because of it's boosted RAM. Connectivity: Now while both phones have the USB and Bluetooth connectivity, there are some differences here too. The Q11 has USB 1.1 connectivity, but Bluetooth 2.1. The Q9h however has highspeed USB 2.0, but only Bluetooth 2.0. I really don't think there is THAT big a difference between the two bluetooth standards that it would make or break a choice. HOWEVER, the transfer rate difference between USB 1.1 and 2.0 is like day and night! GPS: Concerning the GPS, it may be the Q11 has a better GPS than the Q9h. I can't really determine this based on specs. In conclusion, this is not a BAD phone. You can decide for yourselves if this is a step backwards or if this is something worth getting. I personally am going to keep my Q9h because overall there aren't any better features on the Q11 to make me buy it. I do not think this is a phone to upgrade to if you currently have a Q9 model. However, for someone who still has an original Q, or is a first time smartphone buyer, this might be a good buy. I read that this phone will probably have a lower price point. If it is lower than the Q9 series, then I understand why some features would be sub par then because thats how they keep the price low. This is yet to be seen, and will be seen in the coming days.
It looks to me like the Q11 is an addition to the model line, and not the intended replacement for the Q9h. Doesn't make sense, otherwise.
Yes, good point. That's the way I see it, but it doesn't make sense with the numbering. Why not call it the Q9w? w of course for Wi-Fi
lets get real people.... american carriers make **** loads of money from 3G/EVDO services and they aren't going to release it in the states without it. Look at Verizon's Napolean .. if anything I'd start there for what next-gen Q's are going to be like.
That has to be the ugliest Q I have ever seen in my life. I don't care if it has wifi or can fetch me beer from the fridge.That thing is capital U... g... l... y... no thanks! How is motorola supposed to regain market share with that thing???
Well if the articles as of late are right, it's supposed to be marketable as a "budget" smartphone. So I guess they want to regain market share by putting it in the hands of the masses?
Well they're going about it the wrong way. We all know that most people are not practical when it comes to cellphones. To most people, cellphones are an accessory. Lets have a look at the iphone shall we? It's behind in features and practicality compared to the Q. Yet it sold like crazy at... what was it when it first came out? $400? $500? Can't remember... but the point is masses won't care if the phone is free. People care more about the cool factor. This phone is just going to help the already sinking the motorola ship.
It doesn't matter what market it's going to be in, I much rather buy your version of the Q9m (your avatar) than the Q11. :tounge: Plus I the iphone is pretty much sold in every market now. They can't compete with that thing.
Motorola needs to hire you as their senior designer!!! They desperately need someone... not that they will only hire you out of desperation...
Hey guys this is my first post here. So basically I have the original Q, I got it like the week it came out and its really showing its age now, the silver covering is like peeling off so I need a new phone. I've been waiting FOREVER for this new Q to come out, but now it seems like you guys are saying its worse than the current Q9 on the market. What do you guys think I should do? Get the Q9 or Q11? I love the looks of the Q11 and I love the Q in general because I can personalize EVERYTHING on it and its windows based. My carrier is Verizon Wireless, btw, and does any1 know when the Q11 will be available to VZW? thanks
yes; the Q11 (at least in it's current form) appears to be a step down, but my guess is that it will be changed before it's released in the US. it appears to be targeted at foreign markets at this point.
I've heard there is a december release. Is that for the US Market as well? I sure hope it is, I REALLY want a new phone.
Well, like I said, those who DO have an original Q, this may be a viable upgrade. Anything is a step up from what you have now. I guess it depends on which features you value more. As you have seen, I broke down pretty much the main feature comparisons. Hopefully that breakdown will help you get a better perspective. That would have to be a pretty major upgrade, as it isn't just a matter of 3G or lack there of. So I seriously doubt it.
Well, if you like the styling of the Q11, then I say go for it. It's definitely an upgrade (with all due respect :smile from your Q.
Great, I can't wait for this to come out then. I'm picking it up the DAY its released. Im so excited!!


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Wednesday, April 7, 2010
Upside Down!
What you see here are upside down Nitto Albatross Bars (Nitto's version of "North Roads").
Ever since seeing pictures of vintage path-racers, it has been a fantasy of mine to have this handlebar set-up on one of my bikes. My concern was that it would be too aggressive for me to handle. But since Marianne's Milan bars were becoming increasingly uncomfortable on longer rides, I thought it might be time to revisit the possibility.
Harris Cyclery had some Albatross bars in stock, and the nice mechanic Jim Ammirato talked to me about installing them upside down. It is so difficult to tell what will feel "too aggressive" to one person versus "comfortable" to another. But luckily one of Jim's own bikes - a gorgeous bordeaux A.N.T. path-racer that deserves its own feature - had this exact set-up. I tried the handlebar position on the A.N.T., and to my amazement it felt wonderful. And so the installation proceeded!
As you can see in the pictures here, installing North Road style handlebars upside down places the hand gripping areas considerably below the level of the stem, while at the same time bringing them closer towards the rider than drop bars. You can control just how far down the gripping areas are by tilting the bar. We made mine on the tamer side to start with, but when I feel ready for a more aggressive posture I will tilt them down further.
North Roads are famously comfortable, because their gripping areas place the rider's hands in a naturally-occurring position: parallel to the body with an ever so slight outward flare. This is in direct contrast to flat handlebar styles (which includes the flat upper part of the drop bars, where most cyclists really spend most of their time). They position they offer is not a naturally occurring and places stress on the wrists if maintained for long intervals.
So the cool thing about upside-down North Roads, is that the aggressiveness of the posture is dampened by the comfort of the hand position. If you own an English Roadster or a Dutch bicycle, imagine holding your hands just as you currently hold them, only lower. Not so scary at all.
Perhaps this explains how it is that with the upside-down Albatross bars I am both more leaned over and more comfortable than with my previous Milan bars. I have ridden 13 miles with the new set-up so far, and it's been exhilarating. Of course a longer trip will allow me to give the final verdict.
Since these pictures were taken, I have treated the cork grips with wood stain in an attempt to darken them without the slippery finish of shellac. I am still waiting for them to dry and will let you know how this project works out.
30 comments:
The wood stain idea occurred to us just recently and (if it works) it opens up a whole range of possibilities with regard to cork bar tape, cork grips and cork composites that tend to get too slippery with shellac. I suspect wood stain may also work with cloth tapes that have a tendency to turn into unpleasant-feeling sand paper when shellacked. This idea is in testing stages. :)
ReplyDeleteI am not sure whether the wood stain idea will actually work. I have read some accounts of it not absorbing properly (cork is of course, non-absorbent, but this is reconstituted cork) and other accounts of this being a good solution. In the end it may depend on the brand of grips.
Tom - I have trouble pressing the brakes from the top when in the hood position and still haven't thought of a solution to this. Do others have this problem?The lovely Marianne looks even more European now. I notice her huge cyclops-style headlamp has been replaced by a lower-mounted version. Was this a by-product of the handlebar installation?
Glad to hear your hands and wrists are now more comfortable when you ride her - look forward to hearing the results of a longer test ride!- HerzogApril 8, 2010 at 2:16 AM
Ooooh ooohh... are you going to do this on your custom mixte? That would be so hot.
ReplyDelete Um, I LIKE North Road bars, from those on my old Raleigh, to VO's Tourist bars to the alloy bars from Sunlite that sell on Amazon for under $14.
And my back and shoulder ACHE for days if I use some other bar. That said, I may order up a set of the "Dimension Double-bend Urban Aluminum Bar Black" (mustache bars) for under $30, and mount them PROPERLY and see if they aren't even better.
Heck, Torker even does a fairly good factory imitation of an old-style Raleigh bar on the Cargo-T too.They're lovely! And I think they really suit your bike. I have moustache bars on my mixte, and they're quite similar to those really. I love them! I was previously riding with drops, on my other mixte, and find the moustache bars hugely more comfortable. I too have problems pressing the brakes from the hoods, I think it might be rectifiable by adjusting the position of the levers on the bars- I've not actually tried it yet but am hopeful it might help. I kind of feel that maybe if I sort of swing the whole set up around the bar a little closer towards me, that might make it easier to get the leverage required to press the brakes properly. Who knows though. If you get it sorted out I'll be keen to hear how, because the ability to brake fast in London is a must!
ReplyDeleteCarinthia - The "cyclops headlight" just did not light very well, and made clunking sounds when the bicycle went over bumps at high speeds, so I decided it was time to go.
Tinker & Matthew - I didn't like the Moustache bars when I tried them on the floor model Hillborne at Harris Cyclery. It does not make sense to me that in order to press the brakes the rider is forced to get into the most aggressive position possible. Though maybe I am not getting something?
Herzog - The way I feel about these bars now, I want to do this to all my bikes. But maybe something different on the custom mixte, like (upside-down?) VO Porteurs...
Steve - Believe it or not, I have come to love the stem shifters on this bike. The Co-Habitant had to talk me out of trying to get them for my new mixte. On the new bike I will have bar-ends.Peter - They didn't suggested; it was something I asked them to do. I wanted a more appropriate handlebar for long rides, without having to put drop bars on this bike. And I wanted to be in a fairly aggressive position with the handlebar, because I have learned that this bike (a bike with road geometry) is at its best when the rider is in such a position.
The Milan bars were basically an elegant version of mountain bike bars, in the sense that they put my hands straight out, like holding a shopping cart. This is actually quite comfortable on short rides and when cycling through the city, esp. in between cars. But during long rides (20 miles+ for me, though others' reactions may vary), I begin to get pain and an "electric current" feeling through my wrists when in this position.somervillain - I know you have a different opinion from mine re what Porteur bars are, so I am not sure which you are referring to. When I mention Porteur bars, I refer to handlebars that look like this. My 54cm Albatross bars are actually wider than the VO Porteur bars, which are 58cm. As for the hand positions, I'd like to see the two side-by-side in person, which hopefully I eventually will.
ReplyDeleteI LOVE my albatross bars- I just feel like they improve my posture, opening up my shoulders and leave me more relaxed and balanced. I can go for 30-40 miles with them no problems- haven't tried longer.
I just got a 2nd set for my bike rebuild (just posted about it last night) I'm curious how you will like them, because we discussed bar width relative to our DL-1s. I have a hard time with the narrower handlebars on my DL-1 because I'm so used to the super-wide albatross bars, and I feel kind of pinched with the narrower ones. Of course mounting them upside down is probably completely different...
Did you get the Aluminum or the CroMo ones? I have had a hard time finding the CroMo ones except through Rivendell- didn't know that Harris had them at all in any flavor-otherwise I wouldn't have ordered them from afar.
About the wood stain- we stain cork floors with regular wood stain all the time. For floors we normally cover that with a water based poly, but I think that would be too slick for grips. If you were worried about weathering, you could put something like low gloss Tung oil to seal them.
Re: Peter- They are wider, but I have no problem going through doors at my office. I don't know about up a tight Boston apartment stair though.I've had my North Roads inverted on my Raliegh Sports for a few years now, and I've had no desire to change them back. It has been very comfortable on long rides and it just looks too cool! It totally changes the personality of the bike and it's ride comfort, I think you will enjoy your current handlebar setup.
ReplyDeletecycler - I am weird, because I actually prefer narrow bars. So I like the bars on my DL-1 much better than those on the Pashley. The bars on my temporary Austrian bike Jacqueline were also narrow and I rejoiced. This is why I initially considered to get the Nitto Dove handlebars rather than Albatross, as those are a narrower version. However, so many people warned me against that, that I got the narrowest available Albatross instead.Mine are aluminum. When I was last there, Harris had both them and the cromoly in stock.
Peter - it depends what you mean by "wider". What bars do you currently have? The Albatross are far narrower then the handlebars on cruisers, some mountain bikes I have seen, and touring "butterfly" bars. They are even narrower than some other North Road styles.
Erik - I have been told by some that this is in fact the same bar, and by others that it is not - confusing. But in any case, the Albatross is definitely a variation of North Roads. Raleigh itself had at least several styles, so there is no one definitive NR bar...- AnonymousOctober 10, 2010 at 12:31 AM
How did you like the albatross bars in the end? I have them on my surly lht, but they were supposed to be doves. I was so exasperated by the bike I shop I was dealing I just left them on. Albatross bars are HUGE! I'm less than 5 ft 3 and nobody small should be using them. I can't find anything good about them and I had read many loving reviews. I have a few vintage bikes with different upright bars and none are like the albatross. I haven't tried them upside down though. As it is, the albatross makes my bike very unstable because it is so big for the small frame and puts the weight in the wrong places. I can't pick up enough speed because I am awkwardly upright and there's just too much handlebar which leads to wobbling. I prefer narrow handlebars. Also, handlebars should be fitted so that your natural arm extention from your shoulder is the width of the bar.
Now what bar to use? - AnonymousNovember 12, 2010 at 12:41 AM
I've got the Albatross on my Surly Long Haul Trucker. Rode it upside down like this for a few months. My bike is black and stripped of decals, creme Fat Frank tires. Got a lot of "Wow, how old is that bike?" (reply: "about 6 months"). I've since put them back upright.
With the bars upside down, it's quite nice to grab the front part of the bar and be aggressive. The front part curves down and fits nicely in your hand. But,your hands are nowhere near the brakes.
When your hands are in the normal position, on the grips, you're bent over but your hands are way further back than they would be with drops or straight bars. With my arms going straight down, they didn't carry much weight and my back muscles would get sore, holding that bend for 10+ miles.
Anyway, I've already got a race bike, this is my cruiser. For more aggressive riding, I prefer drop bars. Upside down *is* super classy looking though ... Hello Velouria,
Apologies if this is a silly question, but can you tell me about the brake levers you have set up on your upside down bars? I love the set up, and am getting ready to change the drop bars on my mixte to north road bars.... but of coures I have to change the brake leavers, too. I'm new to all of these kinds of changes, so anything you can tell me would be a great help!
Thank you!


text:
The "Occupy" movement was criticized for lacking specific goals. Now protesters against America's banks are trying to help evicted families get back into their foreclosed homes. We hear about civil disobedience and property rights, as concerns about economic inequality move to the suburbs of Southern California. Also, we talk with State Attorney General Kamala Harris about her withdrawal from the national settlement with big banks to team up with her counterpart in Nevada to investigate mortgage fraud. On our rebroadcast of today's To the Point, Internet piracy and Hollywood versus Silicon Valley.
Banner image: SEIU 721, ACCE and other organizations stand in Solidarity with Ana Casas Wilson, a disabled South Gate homeowner who is refusing to leave her home, on December 6,2011. © All Rights Reserved. Photo courtesy of SEIU 721
The Mortgage Crisis and 'Occupy Our Home'
The "Occupy" movement is trying to help evicted families get back into their foreclosed homes. We hear about civil disobedience, property rights and economic inequality.
Attorney General Kamala Harris has pulled out of a state and federal settlement with big banks, calling it "insufficient." Now she's joined forces with Nevada's Attorney General Catherine Cortez Masto and they represent two of the states most heavily battered by problematic home mortgages. (The state bankers association wasn't available for our program, but told us that member institutions try to work with troubled borrowers whenever they can.) We speak with Harris, mortgage and redevelopment specialists and a Marine veteran and father of four who "reclaimed" his dream house in Riverside yesterday, as part of the "Occupy Our Homes" action nationwide.
Photo: Art de los Santos, who re-occupied his foreclosed home in Riverside. Photo by Tracy Lee Silveria, SEIU 721
Kamala Harris, California Attorney General (@KamalaHarris)
Arturo de los Santos, homeowner
Rick Sharga, Carrington Holdings (@ricksharga)
Peter Dreier, Occidental College (@PeterDreier)
There's a major battle on Capitol Hill involving big money with Republicans and Democrats on both sides of the issue. It's all about Internet sites that profit from stolen movies and music. Movie studios and music producers say copyright theft is costing them $58 billion a year. They're backing laws proposed in the House and the Senate to give the Justice Department the power to shut down websites that profit from stolen material. The Internet industry says it's concerned about piracy too, but it claims the proposed laws are a real threat to freedom and openness on line. Can that material be protected without destroying the freedom that makes the Internet so important to so many users?
Photo: Netflix is one of several companies that's threatened by Internet piracy. Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
Markham Erickson, NetCoalition (@mcerickson)
Sandra Aistars, Copyright Alliance (@copyright4u)
Rebecca MacKinnon, New America Foundation (@rmack)
Robert Levine, journalist and author (@RobertBLevine_)
Robert Levine


text:
TotT: Better Stubbing in Python
January 24th, 2007 | Published in Google Testing
So you've learned all about method stubs, mock objects, and fakes. You might be tempted to stub out slow or I/O-dependent built-ins. For example:
def Foo(path):
if os.path.exists(path):
return DoSomething()
return DoSomethingElse()
def testFoo(self): # Somewhere in your unit test class
old_exists = os.path.exists
os.path.exists = lambda x: True
self.assertEqual(Foo('bar'), something)
os.path.exists = lambda x: False
self.assertEqual(Foo('bar'), something_else)
# Remember to clean-up after yourself!
os.path.exists = old_exists
Congratulations, you just achieved 100% coverage! Unfortunately, you might find that this test fails in strange ways. For example, given the following DoSomethingElse which checks the existence of a different file:
def DoSomethingElse():
assert os.path.exists(some_other_file)
return some_other_file
Foo will now throw an exception in its second invocation because os.path.exists returns False so the assertion fails.
You could avoid this problem by stubbing or mocking out DoSomethingElse, but the task might be daunting in a real-life situation. Instead, it is safer and faster to parameterize the built-in:
def Foo(path, path_checker=os.path.exists):
if path_checker(path):
return DoSomething()
return DoSomethingElse()
def testFoo(self):
self.assertEqual(Foo('bar', lambda x: True), something)
self.assertEqual(Foo('bar', lambda x: False), something_else)
Remember to download this episode of Testing on the Toilet, print it, and flyer your office.


text:
Drift effect under timing without observability: Experimental evidence
No abstract is available for this item.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version under "Related research" (further below) or search for a different version of it.
Volume (Year): 61 (2006)
Issue (Month): 3 (November)
Pages: 393-414
Handle: | RePEc:eee:jeborg:v:61:y:2006:i:3:p:393-414 |
Contact details of provider: | Web page: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jebo |
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Ponti, Giovanni, 2000.
"Cycles of Learning in the Centipede Game,"
Games and Economic Behavior,
Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 115-141, January.
- Giovanni Ponti, 1996. "Cycles of Learning in the Centipede Game," Discussion Papers 96-22 ISSN 1350-6722, University College London, Department of Economics.
- Giovanni Ponti, "undated". "Cycles Of Learning In The Centipede Game," ELSE working papers 024, ESRC Centre on Economics Learning and Social Evolution.
- Ellison, Glenn, 1993.
"Learning, Local Interaction, and Coordination,"
Econometric Society, vol. 61(5), pages 1047-1071, September.
- Glen Ellison, 2010. "Learning, Local Interaction, and Coordination," Levine's Working Paper Archive 391, David K. Levine.
- R. Muller & Asha Sadanand, 2003. "Order of Play, Forward Induction, and Presentation Effects in Two-Person Games," Experimental Economics, Springer;Economic Science Association, vol. 6(1), pages 5-25, June.
- Roth, Alvin E. & Erev, Ido, 1995. "Learning in extensive-form games: Experimental data and simple dynamic models in the intermediate term," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 164-212.
- Camerer, Colin F. & Knez, Marc & Weber, Roberto A., 1996.
"Timing and Virtual Observability in Ultimatum Bargaining and Weak Link Coordination Games,"
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970, California Institute of Technology, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences.
- Roberto Weber & Colin Camerer & Marc Knez, 2004. "Timing and Virtual Observability in Ultimatum Bargaining and "Weak Link" Coordination Games," Experimental Economics, Springer;Economic Science Association, vol. 7(1), pages 25-48, February.
- Kohlberg, Elon & Mertens, Jean-Francois, 1986.
"On the Strategic Stability of Equilibria,"
Econometric Society, vol. 54(5), pages 1003-1037, September.
- E. Kohlberg & J.-F. Mertens, 1998. "On the Strategic Stability of Equilibria," Levine's Working Paper Archive 445, David K. Levine.
- KOHLBERG, Elon & MERTENS, Jean-François, "undated". "On the strategic stability of equilibria," CORE Discussion Papers RP 716, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
- Binmore, Ken & McCarthy, John & Ponti, Giovanni & Samuelson, Larry & Shaked, Avner, 2002.
"A Backward Induction Experiment,"
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Elsevier, vol. 104(1), pages 48-88, May.
- Binmore,K. & McCarthy,J. & Ponti,G. & ..., 1999. "A backward induction experiment," Working papers 34, Wisconsin Madison - Social Systems.
- Young, H Peyton, 1993. "The Evolution of Conventions," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 61(1), pages 57-84, January.
- Binmore, Ken, 1987. "Modeling Rational Players: Part I," Economics and Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, vol. 3(02), pages 179-214, October.
- Amershi Amin H. & Sadanand Asha & Sadanand Venkatraman, 1992. "Player importance and forward induction," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 291-297, March.
- John C. Harsanyi & Reinhard Selten, 1988. "A General Theory of Equilibrium Selection in Games," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262582384, September.
- Ken Binmore & Larry Samuelson, 1999. "Evolutionary Drift and Equilibrium Selection," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 66(2), pages 363-393.
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» Adaptive Defrost unit is vibrating/humming |
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Adaptive Defrost unit is vibrating/humming
Model Number: JCB2388GTB Brand: Jenn-Air Age: 5 - 10 years
On my Jenn Air model JCB2388GTB, the Adaptive Defrost unit is vibrating/humming. Can I simply unscrew and unplug it and replace it with a new unit part no. AP3160614? Related Models |
See inside of your appliance - diagrams and part photos for virtually every model. powered by AppliancePartsPros.com |
No, not that easy. The first thing you have to do is take the whole control panel cover off. You grab the left and the right rear of the control panel , and pull down and then pull towards you, and the cover will come off. You then have to take the two 1/4 inch screws on the left and right side of the temperature slide out. Then, about 5 inches behind them, you have to take out the 2 phillips head screws. Once that is done, in the very back in the middle, you have to take off that 1/4 screw, and then drop down the back enough where the sensor on the left side comes out of the whole, and then there are three wiring harnesses to unplug, then remove the whole assembly, and then install the adaptive defrost control. Tom ********************************************
Thanks for the detailed instructions. One more question, since I only hear the noise once or twice a week, should I just assume it needs to be replaced or should I wait until it increases in frequency? Either way I think I'll order the replacement part just to have it ready. Thanks again.
It will eventually go when you have just gone to the grocery store. Tom ********************************************
I ordered the replacement Adaptive Defrost part, it arrived in two days and I waited a week or two to replace it. I followed your excellent instructions and everything worked out. FYI, the replacement unit they now ship, is enclosed in a plastic shell, versus the open circuit board with a clear plastic mounting bracket I found after taking everything apart. The only small problem was I had was to search my supply of screws to find 2 longer ones that would catch in the replacement unit, do to the added depth of the plastic shell.
Thank you so much, you probably saved me hundreds of dollars! Since Im retired, with no pension, living off of our savings THIS WAS A GOD SEND and may GOD BLESS YOU. |
Your kind words alone are a blessing. I am so glad to help, and I am happy it worked. Take Care, and enjoy retirement. Tom ********************************************
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Vladimir Nabokov | |
Born | Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov 22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1899a Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire |
Died | 2 July 1977 (aged 78) Montreux, Switzerland |
Occupation | Novelist, lepidopterist, professor |
Literary movement | Modernism, Postmodernism |
Notable work(s) | The Real Life of Sebastian Knight (1941) Lolita (1955) Pale Fire (1962) |
Spouse(s) | Véra Nabokov |
Children | Dmitri Nabokov |
Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov (Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Набо́ков, pronounced [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr nɐˈbokəf]; 22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1899c – 2 July 1977) was a multilingual Russian-American novelist and short story writer. Nabokov wrote his first nine novels in Russian, then rose to international prominence as a master English prose stylist. He also made contributions to entomology and had an interest in chess problems.
Nabokov's Lolita (1955) is frequently cited as among his most important novels and is his most widely known, exhibiting the love of intricate word play and descriptive detail that characterized all his works. The novel was ranked at #4 in the list of the Modern Library 100 Best Novels.[2] His memoir entitled Speak, Memory was listed #8 on the Modern Library nonfiction list.[3]
Contents |
Nabokov was born on 22 April 1899 (10 April 1899 Old-Style) in Saint Petersburg.b
The eldest of five children of liberal lawyer, politician and journalist Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov and his wife, née Elena Ivanovna Rukavishnikova, he was born to a wealthy and prominent family of the untitled nobility of Saint Petersburg. His cousins included the composer Nicolas Nabokov. He spent his childhood and youth in St. Petersburg and at the country estate Vyra near Siverskaya, south of the city.
Nabokov's childhood, which he called "perfect", was remarkable in several ways. The family spoke Russian, English and French in their household, and Nabokov was trilingual from an early age. In fact, much to his father's patriotic chagrin, Nabokov could read and write English before he could Russian. In Speak, Memory Nabokov recalls numerous details of his privileged childhood, and his ability to recall in vivid detail memories of his past was a boon to him during his permanent exile, as well as providing a theme which echoes from his first book, Mary, all the way to later works such as Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle. While the family was nominally Orthodox, they felt no religious fervor and little Vladimir was not forced to attend church after he lost interest. In 1916 Nabokov inherited the estate Rozhdestveno, next to Vyra, from his uncle Vasiliy Ivanovich Rukavishnikov ("Uncle Ruka" in Speak, Memory), but lost it in the revolution one year later; this was the only house he would ever own.
After the 1917 February Revolution, Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov became a secretary of the Russian Provisional Government, and the family was forced to flee the city after the Bolshevik Revolution for Crimea, not expecting to be away for very long. They lived at a friend's estate and in September 1918 moved to Livadiya; Nabokov's father was a minister of justice of the Crimean provisional government. After the withdrawal of the German Army (November 1918) and the defeat of the White Army in early 1919, the Nabokovs left for exile in western Europe. On 2 April 1919, the family left Sevastopol on the last ship. They settled briefly in England, where Vladimir enrolled in Trinity College, Cambridge and studied Slavic and Romance languages. He later drew on his Cambridge experiences to write the novel Glory. In 1920, his family moved to Berlin, where his father set up the émigré newspaper Rul' (Rudder). Nabokov would follow to Berlin after his studies at Cambridge two years later.
In March 1922, Nabokov's father was assassinated in Berlin by Russian monarchists as he was fighting to protect their real target, Pavel Milyukov, a leader of the Constitutional Democratic Party-in-exile. This mistaken, violent death would echo again and again in Nabokov's fiction, where characters would meet their deaths under mistaken terms. In Pale Fire, for example, one interpretation of the novel has a communist assassin murder the poet John Shade while attempting to kill a displaced monarch who has escaped from his home country. Shortly after his father's death, his mother and sister moved to Prague.
Nabokov stayed in Berlin, where he had become a recognized poet and writer within the émigré community and published under the pen name V. Sirin - perhaps signifying an owl or a mythological bird. To supplement his scant writing income, he taught languages and gave tennis and boxing lessons.[4] Of his fifteen Berlin years, Dieter E. Zimmer wrote: "He never became fond of Berlin, and at the end intensely disliked it. He lived within the lively Russian community of Berlin that was more or less self-sufficient, staying on after it had disintegrated because he had nowhere else to go to. He had little German. He knew few Germans except for landladies, shopkeepers, the petty immigration officials at the police headquarters."[5]
In 1922 Nabokov became engaged to Svetlana Siewert; the engagement was broken off by her family in early 1923 because he had no steady job. In May 1923 he met Véra Evseyevna Slonim at a charity ball in Berlin[4] and married her in April 1925.[4] Their only child, Dmitri, was born in 1934.
In 1936, Vera lost her job because of the increasingly anti-Semitic environment; also in that year the assassin of Nabokov's father was appointed second-in-command of the Russian émigré group. In the same year Nabokov began seeking a job in the English-speaking world. In 1937 he left Germany for France, where he had a short affair with Russian émigré Irina Guadanini; his family followed, making their last visit to Prague en route. They settled in Paris, but also spent time in Cannes, Menton, Cap d'Antibes, and Frejus. In May 1940 the Nabokov family fled from the advancing German troops to the United States on board the Champlain.
The Nabokovs settled in Manhattan and Vladimir started a job at the American Museum of Natural History. In October he met Edmund Wilson, who became his close friend until their falling out two decades later and introduced Nabokov's work to American editors.[citation needed]
Nabokov came to Wellesley College in 1941 as resident lecturer in comparative literature. The position, created specifically for him, provided an income and free time to write creatively and pursue his lepidoptery. Nabokov is remembered as the founder of Wellesley's Russian Department. His lecture series on major nineteenth-century Russian writers was hailed as "funny", "learned", and "brilliantly satirical."[citation needed] The Nabokovs resided in Wellesley, Massachusetts during the 1941-42 academic year; they moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts in September 1942 and lived there until June 1948. Following a lecture tour through the United States, Nabokov returned to Wellesley for the 1944–45 academic year as a lecturer in Russian. In 1945, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. He served through the 1947-48 term as Wellesley's one-man Russian Department, offering courses in Russian language and literature. His classes were popular, due as much to his unique teaching style as to the wartime interest in all things Russian. At the same time he was curator of lepidoptery at Harvard University's Museum of Comparative Zoology. After being encouraged by Morris Bishop, Nabokov left Wellesley in 1948 to teach Russian and European literature at Cornell University.
Nabokov wrote Lolita while traveling on butterfly-collection trips in the western United States that he undertook every summer. (Nabokov never learned to drive. Vera acted as chauffeur; when Nabokov attempted to burn unfinished drafts of Lolita, it was Vera who stopped him. He called her the best-humored woman he had ever known.)[4][6] In June 1953 he and his family came to Ashland, Oregon, renting a house on Meade Street from Professor Taylor, head of the Southern Oregon College Department of Social Science. There he finished Lolita and began writing the novel Pnin. He roamed the nearby mountains looking for butterflies, and wrote a poem called Lines Written in Oregon. On 1 October 1953, he and his family left for Ithaca, New York.[7]
After the great financial success of Lolita, Nabokov was able to return to Europe and devote himself exclusively to writing. His son had obtained a position as an operatic bass at Reggio Emilia. On 1 October 1961, he and Véra moved to the Montreux Palace Hotel in Montreux, Switzerland; he stayed there until the end of his life. From his sixth-floor quarters he conducted his business and took tours to the Alps, Corsica, and Sicily to hunt butterflies. In 1976 he was hospitalized with an undiagnosed fever. He was rehospitalized in Lausanne in 1977 suffering from severe bronchial congestion. He died on 2 July in Montreux surrounded by his family and, according to his son, Dmitri, "with a triple moan of descending pitch".[8] His remains were cremated and are buried at the Clarens cemetery in Montreux.[9]
At the time of his death, he was working on a novel titled The Original of Laura. His wife Vera and son Dmitri were entrusted with Nabokov's literary executorship,[4] and though he asked them to burn the manuscript,[10] they chose not to destroy his final work. The incomplete manuscript, around 125 handwritten index cards,[11] remained in a Swiss bank vault where only two people, Dmitri Nabokov and an unknown person, had access. Portions of the manuscript were shown to Nabokov scholars. In April, 2008, Dmitri announced that he would publish the novel.[12] The Original of Laura was published on November 17, 2009.
Prior to the incomplete novel's publication, several short excerpts of The Original of Laura were made public, most recently by German weekly Die Zeit, which in its 14 August 2008 issue for the first time reproduced some of Nabokov's original index cards obtained by its reporter Malte Herwig. In the accompanying article, Herwig concludes that "Laura", although fragmentary, is "vintage Nabokov".[13]
In July 2009, Playboy magazine acquired the rights to print a 5,000 word excerpt from "The Original of Laura." It will be printed in the December issue.[14]
Nabokov's first writings were in Russian, but he came to his greatest distinction in the English language. For this achievement, he has been compared with Joseph Conrad; yet Nabokov viewed this as a dubious comparison, as Conrad composed in French and English. Nabokov disdained the comparison for aesthetic reasons, lamenting to the critic Edmund Wilson, "I am too old to change Conradically" — which John Updike later called, "itself a jest of genius."[15] Nabokov translated many of his own early works into English, sometimes in cooperation with his son Dmitri. His trilingual upbringing had a profound influence on his artistry. He has metaphorically described the transition from one language to another as the slow journey at night from one village to the next with only a candle for illumination.[citation needed] Nabokov himself translated into Russian two books that he had originally written in English, Conclusive Evidence, and Lolita. The first "translation" was made because of Nabokov's feeling of imperfection in the English version. Writing the book, he noted that he needed to translate his own memories into English, and to spend a lot of time explaining things which are well-known in Russia; then he decided to re-write the book once again, in his first native language, and after that he made the final version, Speak, Memory (Nabokov first wanted to name it "Speak, Mnemosyne"). Nabokov was a proponent of individualism, and rejected concepts and ideologies that curtailed individual freedom and expression, such as totalitarianism in its various forms as well as Freud's psychoanalysis.[16] Poshlost, or as he transcribed it, poshlust, is disdained and frequently mocked in his works.[17]
Nabokov published under the pseudonym "Vladimir Sirin" in the 1920s to 1940s, occasionally to mask his identity from critics.[18] He also makes cameo appearances in some of his novels, such as the character "Vivian Darkbloom" (an anagram of "Vladimir Nabokov") in Lolita.
Nabokov is noted for his complex plots, clever word play, and use of alliteration. He gained both fame and notoriety with his novel Lolita (1955), which tells of a grown man's devouring passion for a twelve-year-old girl. This and his other novels, particularly Pale Fire (1962), won him a place among the greatest novelists of the 20th century. His longest novel, which met with a mixed response, is Ada (1969). He devoted more time to the composition of this novel than any of his others. Nabokov's fiction is characterized by its linguistic playfulness. For example, his short story "The Vane Sisters" is famous in part for its acrostic final paragraph, in which the first letters of each word spell out a message from beyond the grave.
Nabokov's stature as a literary critic is founded largely on his four-volume translation of and commentary on Aleksandr Pushkin's epic of the Russian soul, Eugene Onegin, published in 1964. That commentary ended with an appendix titled Notes on Prosody which has developed a reputation of its own. It stemmed from his observation that while Pushkin's iambic tetrameters had been a part of Russian literature for a fairly short two centuries, they were clearly understood by the Russian prosodists. On the other hand, he viewed the much older English iambic tetrameters as muddled and poorly documented. In his own words:
Nabokov's translation was the focus of bitter polemics by Edmund Wilson and others; he had rendered the very precisely metered and rhyming novel in verse to (by his own admission) stumbling, non-rhymed prose.[citation needed] He argued that all verse translations of Onegin fatally betrayed the author's use of language; critics replied that failure to make the translation as beautifully styled as the original was a much greater betrayal.
Nabokov's Lectures on Literature at Cornell University where he was appointed an instructor in 1948, reveals his controversial ideas concerning art.[citation needed] He firmly believed that novels should not aim to teach and that readers should not merely empathise with characters but that a 'higher' aesthetic enjoyment should be attained, partly by paying great attention to details of style and structure. He detested what he saw as 'general ideas' in novels, and so when teaching Ulysses, for example, he would insist students keep an eye on where the characters were in Dublin (with the aid of a map) rather than teaching the complex Irish history that many critics see as being essential to an understanding of the novel.
During his ten years at Cornell, Nabokov introduced undergraduates to the delights of great fiction, including Bleak House by Charles Dickens, in fifty-minute classroom lectures.[19]
Nabokov's detractors fault him for being an aesthete and for his over-attention to language and detail rather than character development.[citation needed] In his essay "Nabokov, or Nostalgia", Danilo Kiš wrote that Nabokov's is "a magnificent, complex, and sterile art." Russian poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko said in a Playboy interview that he could hear the clatter of surgical tools in Nabokov's prose.
Not until glasnost did Nabokov's work become officially available in his native country. Gorbachev authorized a five-volume edition of his writing in 1988.
According to biographer Brian Boyd[citation needed] and others, Nabokov was a self-described synesthete, who at a young age equated the number five with the color red.[20]
Aspects of synesthesia can be found in several of his works. In his memoir Speak, Memory, he notes that his wife also exhibited synesthesia; like her husband, her mind's eye associated colors with particular letters. They discovered that Dmitri shared the trait, and moreover that the colors he associated with some letters were in some cases blends of his parents' hues—"which is as if genes were painting in aquarelle".[citation needed]
Vladimir Nabokov's case of synesthesia can be described in more detail than merely the association of colors with particular letters. For some synesthetes, letters are not simply associated with certain colors; they are colored. Nabokov frequently endowed his protagonists with a similar gift. In Bend Sinister Krug comments on his perception of the word "loyalty" as being like a golden fork lying out in the sun. In The Defense, Nabokov mentioned briefly how the main character's father, a writer, found he was unable to complete a novel that he planned to write, becoming lost in the fabricated storyline by "starting with colors." Many other subtle references are made in Nabokov's writing that can be traced back to his synesthesia. Many of his characters have a distinct "sensory appetite" reminiscent of synesthesia.[citation needed]
His career as an entomologist was equally distinguished. His interest in this field had been inspired by books of Maria Sibylla Merian he had found in the attic of his family's country home in Vyra.[21] Throughout an extensive career of collecting he never learned to drive a car, and he depended on his wife Véra to take him to collecting sites. During the 1940s, as a research fellow in zoology, he was responsible for organizing the butterfly collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. His writings in this area were highly technical. This, combined with his specialty in the relatively unspectacular tribe Polyommatini of the family Lycaenidae, has left this facet of his life little explored by most admirers of his literary works. He described the Karner Blue. The genus Nabokovia was named after him in honor of this work, as were a number of butterfly and moth species (e.g. many of the genera Madeleinea and Pseudolucia).[22]
The paleontologist and essayist Stephen Jay Gould discussed Nabokov's lepidoptery in an essay reprinted in his book I Have Landed. Gould notes that Nabokov was occasionally a scientific "stick-in-the-mud"; for example, Nabokov never accepted that genetics or the counting of chromosomes could be a valid way to distinguish species of insects, and relied on the traditional (for lepidopterists) microscopic comparison of their genitalia. The Harvard Museum of Natural History, which now contains the Museum of Comparative Zoology, still possesses Nabokov's "genitalia cabinet", where the author stored his collection of male blue butterfly genitalia.[23],[24] "Nabokov was a serious taxonomist", according to the museum staff writer Nancy Pick, author of The Rarest of the Rare: Stories Behind the Treasures at the Harvard Museum of Natural History, ISBN 0-06-053718-3. "He actually did quite a good job at distinguishing species that you would not think were different—by looking at their genitalia under a microscope six hours a day, seven days a week, until his eyesight was permanently impaired."[25]
Many of Nabokov's fans have tried to ascribe literary value to his scientific papers, Gould notes. Conversely, others have claimed that his scientific work enriched his literary output. Gould advocates a third view, holding that the other two positions are examples of the post hoc ergo propter hoc logical fallacy. Rather than assuming that either side of Nabokov's work caused or stimulated the other, Gould proposes that both stemmed from Nabokov's love of detail, contemplation and symmetry.
Nabokov spent considerable time during his exile on the composition of chess problems. Such compositions he published in the Russian émigré press, Poems and Problems (18 chess compositions) and Speak, Memory (one problem). He describes the process of composing and constructing in his memoir: "The strain on the mind is formidable; the element of time drops out of one's consciousness..." To him, the "originality, invention, conciseness, harmony, complexity, and splendid insincerity" of creating a chess problem was similar to that in any other art.
His Time obituary reads "Politically, Nabokov saw himself as an old-fashioned liberal, though by current standards he was a William F. Buckley conservative. His suggestion that the portrait of a head of government "should not exceed a postage stamp in size" makes good sense in any ideology."[26] Nabokov was close friends with Buckley, to whom he disclosed his staunch anti-Communism and admiration for Richard Nixon.[27]
The critic James Wood argued that Nabokov's use of descriptive detail proved an "overpowering, and not always very fruitful, influence on two or three generations after him", including authors such as Martin Amis and John Updike.[28] While a student at Cornell in the 1950s, Thomas Pynchon attended several of Nabokov's lectures[29] and went on to make a direct allusion to Lolita in chapter six of his novel The Crying of Lot 49 (1966) in which Serge, counter-tenor in the band The Paranoids, sings:
It has also been argued that Pynchon's prose style is influenced by Nabokov's preference for actualism over realism.[30] Of the authors who came to prominence during Nabokov's lifetime, John Banville,[31] Don DeLillo,[32] Salman Rushdie,[33] and Edmund White[34] were all influenced by Nabokov.
Several authors who came to prominence in the 1990s and 2000s have also cited Nabokov's work as a literary influence. Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Michael Chabon listed Lolita and Pale Fire among the "books that, I thought, changed my life when I read them,"[35] and stated that "Nabokov's English combines aching lyricism with dispassionate precision in a way that seems to render every human emotion in all its intensity but never with an ounce of schmaltz or soggy language".[36] Pulitzer Prize winner Jeffrey Eugenides said that "Nabokov has always been and remains one of my favorite writers. He's able to juggle ten balls where most people can juggle three or four."[37] T. Coraghessan Boyle said that "Nabokov's playfulness and the ravishing beauty of his prose are ongoing influences" on his writing,[38] and Jhumpa Lahiri,[39] Marisha Pessl,[40] Zadie Smith,[41] and Ki Longfellow[42] have also acknowledged Nabokov's influence.
Confusion over his birth date was generated by some people misunderstanding the relationship between the Julian and Gregorian calendars. At the time of Nabokov's birth, the offset between the calendars was 12 days. His date of birth in the Julian calendar was 10 April 1899;[43] in the Gregorian, 22 April 1899.[43] The fact that the offset increased from 12 to 13 days for dates occurring after February 1900 was always irrelevant to earlier dates, and hence a 13-day offset should never have been applied to Nabokov's date of birth. Nevertheless, it was so misapplied by some writers, and 23 April came to be erroneously shown in many places as his birthday. In his memoirs Speak, Memory Nabokov indicates that 22 April was the correct date but that he nevertheless preferred to celebrate his birthday "with diminishing pomp" on 23 April (p. 6). As he happily pointed out on several occasions during interviews, this meant he also shared a birthday with William Shakespeare and Shirley Temple (see, for example, his New York Times interview with Alden Whitman on 23 April 1969, p. 20; see also Brian Boyd's biography).


text:
Education technology is a red-hot market, and both startups and investors are taking note.
Edmodo, a social network for education, stands poised to benefit tremendously from the great shifts taking place in educational delivery. The company announced today that it raised $15 million from Greylock Partners and Benchmark Capital. Greylock partner and LinkedIn co-founder Reid Hoffman, and Benchmark Capital general partner Matt Cohler also joined Edmodo's board.
A typical student will spend 13 years in the classroom before graduating high school, and American taxpayers invested more than $536 billion on K-12 education during the 2005-2006 school year, according to the Department of Education. At this rate, roughly $7 trillion dollars will be spent on a public primary education by the time today's kindergarteners receive their high school diplomas in 2024. And that's not accounting for inflation.
Edmodo is a free tool that allows teachers to create and maintain a private social network for their classroom. It's available to students and teachers on PCs and any wireless device, such as a smartphone, or an iPod Touch. Edmodo can be used to share educational content, manage projects and assignments, handle notifications, conduct quizzes and create collaborative learning experiences that live long after the school day has ended. The company dubs the experience the "educational graph," which closely tracks the Facebook's "social graph."
Edmodo was founded in September 2008 and has grown to more than 5 million users in the past year — a tenfold increase from just one year ago.
"This is a really exciting time in the education space, with more and more classrooms having access to the Internet," Edmodo co-founder and chief executive officer Nic Borg told VentureBeat. "We're excited to be bringing cloud technologies to the classroom." At a private event with Hoffman, Borg told a group of reporters that more schools were equipped with Wi-Fi in 2010 than in the previous five years combined.
Edmodo recently demonstrated the scale and flexibility of its educational technology, teaching students about polar bears through a live video stream. In collaboration with Polar Bears International, Edmodo sent five researchers to the tundra to host a series of three live, interactive webcasts that were viewed by students in 1,700 classrooms in 40 different countries, and 48 states in the U.S.
Edmodo will remain free for teachers and students to use, Borg stressed. Ultimately the company has its sights set beyond the classroom. The company wants to be the Salesforce for Edtech, Borg said, and move school districts' legacy information technology to the cloud. Edmodo hopes to save school districts money and eliminate the hassles of maintaining legacy IT by selling "premium services," and replicating these information systems with a cloud-based software as a service (SaaS) model.
Each year $40-$50 billion in K-12 education is spent on non-salary expenses, Borg says. Part of this goes to maintain computer systems to handle functions such as grading, attendance and other academic record-keeping. Typically IT procurement for schools is done at a district-wide level. But because millions of students are already using free Edmodo classroom software, the company has injected itself into school districts from coast-to-coast, avoiding the need for lengthy approvals. How's that for viral marketing?
Edmodo is based in San Mateo, CA, and currently has 35 employees. Hoffman is a previous investor in the company, and Edmodo has received previous funding from Union Square Ventures and Learn Capital.


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Brocade Doubles Down on 16 Gbps Fibre Channel
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
Harriet Beecher Stowe | |
Born | Litchfield, Connecticut, U.S. |
June 14, 1811
Died | July 1, 1896 Hartford, Connecticut, U.S. |
(aged 85)
Pen name | Christopher Crowfield |
Nationality | American |
Genres | Historical fiction |
Notable work(s) | Uncle Tom's Cabin |
Harriet Beecher Stowe (June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896) was an American abolitionist and writer. Her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) showed the lives of African-Americans slaves. It was very popular as a novel and a play, and had a great influence in the United States and Britain, helping people who did not like slavery and making many people disagree with slavery.
Stowe was born Harriet Elisabeth Beecher in Litchfield, Connecticut, on June 14, 1811.[1] Her parents were religious leaders Lyman Beecher and Roxana (Foote) Beecher. Her mother died when Harriet was five years old. She had a sister, Catharine Beecher, who was an educator and author, and three brothers Henry Ward Beecher, Charles Beecher, and Edward Beecher.
Harriet went to the girls' school run by her sister Catharine. She received an education in the classics, including study of languages and mathematics. At 21, she moved to Cincinnati, Ohio to join her father. He had become the president of Lane Theological Seminary. She also joined the literary salon and social club called the Semi-Colon Club.[2]
Harriet married Calvin Ellis Stowe on January 6, 1836. He was a widower and professor at the seminary.[3] They had seven children together, including twin daughters. Calvin Stowe was a critic of slavery. The Stowes supported the Underground Railroad. They briefly sheltered several fugitive slaves in their home.
Uncle Tom's Cabin and the American Civil War
In 1850, the Stowe family moved to a house near the campus of Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. Calvin Stowe was teaching in the college. On March 9, 1850, Stowe wrote to the editor of the antislavery journal National Era. She told him that she was planning to write a story about slavery.[4] In June 1851, the first installment of her book, Uncle Tom's Cabin, was published in the National Era. She originally used the subtitle "The Man That Was A Thing". It was changed to "Life Among the Lowly".[1] Installments were published every week from June 5, 1851, to April 1, 1852.[4]
For the newspaper serialization (published in parts) of her novel, Stowe was paid only $400.[5] Uncle Tom's Cabin was published in book form on March 20, 1852, by John P. Jewett with an initial print run of 5,000 copies.[6] Each of its two volumes included three illustrations and a title-page designed by Hammatt Billings.[7] In less than a year, the book sold an unprecedented 300,000 copies.[8] By December 1851, sales began dropping off. A cheap edition was published to stimulate more sales.[9]
Americans were captivated by the book. It provoked more debate about abolition and slavery. Southerns hated the book. Within a year of the book's publication, 300 babies were named "Eva" in Boston alone.[10]
Lincoln and Stowe
After the start of the American Civil War, Stowe went to Washington, D.C. She met President Abraham Lincoln on November 25, 1862.[11] Stowe's daughter Hattie reported, "It was a very droll time that we had at the White House I assure you ... I will only say now that it was all very funny—and we were ready to explode with laughter all the while."[12]
Lincoln greeted Stowe by saying, "So this is the little lady who made this big war."[13] [14]
Harriet's own accounts are vague, including a letter reporting the meeting to her husband: "I had a real funny interview with the President."[12]
Harriet Beecher Stowe died on 1 July 1896 in Hartford, Connecticut. She is buried in the cemetery at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts.[15]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 McFarland, Philip. Loves of Harriet Beecher Stowe. New York: Grove Press, 2007: 112. ISBN 978-0-8021-4390-7
- ↑ Tonkovic, Nicole. Domesticity with a difference: The Nonfiction of Catharine Beecher, Sarah J. Hale, Fanny Fern, and Margaret Fuller. University Press of Mississippi, 1997: 12. ISBN 0-87805-993-8
- ↑ McFarland, Philip. Loves of Harriet Beecher Stowe. New York: Grove Press, 2007: 21. ISBN 978-0-8021-4390-7
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hedrick, Joan D. Harriet Beecher Stowe: A Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995: 208. ISBN 9780195096392
- ↑ Lyons, Martyn (2011). Books: A Living History. Los Angeles, CA: J. Paul Getty Museum. p. 143.
- ↑ McFarland, Philip. Loves of Harriet Beecher Stowe. New York: Grove Press, 2007: 80–81. ISBN 978-0-8021-4390-7
- ↑ Parfait, Claire. The Publishing History of Uncle Tom's Cabin, 1852–2002. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007: 71–72. ISBN 978-0-7546-5514-5
- ↑ Morgan, Jo-Ann. Uncle Tom's Cabin As Visual Culture. University of Missouri Press, 2007: 136–137. ISBN 978-0-8262-1715-8
- ↑ Parfait, Claire. The Publishing History of Uncle Tom's Cabin, 1852–2002. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007: 78. ISBN 978-0-7546-5514-5
- ↑ Morgan, Jo-Ann. Uncle Tom's Cabin As Visual Culture. University of Missouri Press, 2007: 137. ISBN 978-0-8262-1715-8
- ↑ McFarland, Philip. Loves of Harriet Beecher Stowe. New York: Grove Press, 2007: 163. ISBN 978-0-8021-4390-7
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Hedrick, Joan D. Harriet Beecher Stowe: A Life (1995) p 306
- ↑ David B. Sachsman; S. Kittrell Rushing; Roy Morris (2007). Memory and Myth: The Civil War in Fiction and Film from Uncle Tom's Cabin to Cold Mountain. Purdue University Press. pp. 2, 8. http://books.google.com/books?id=bTSEuddLtlUC&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ↑ Hanne, Michael (1996), The Power of the Story: Fiction and Political Change, Berghahn Books, p. 75, http://books.google.com/books?id=8LtDvVCz5IQC&pg=PA75&dq=stowe+lincoln+1862&hl=en&sa=X&ei=A43HUcu0MJD-4AOKrYHQAw&ved=0CGAQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=stowe%20lincoln%201862&f=false
- ↑ "Harriet Elizabeth Beecher Stowe (1811 - 1896) - Find A Grave Memorial". Findagrave.com. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=992. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
Other websites
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Harriet Beecher Stowe |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Harriet Beecher Stowe |
- Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin: an Electronic Edition of the National Era Version – Edited by textual scholar Wesley Raabe, this is the first edition of the novel to be based on the original text published in the National Era
- Uncle Tom's Cabin and American Culture – A multimedia archive edited by Stephen Railton about the Stowe's novel's place in American history and society
- Harriet Beecher Stowe House & Center – Stowe's adulthood home in Hartford, Connecticut
- Meet Harriet Beecher Stowe, renowned author of Uncle Tom's Cabin – A live performance showcasing the life and times of this historical woman.
- Harriet Beecher Stowe Society – Scholarly organization dedicated to the study of the life and works of Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Brief biography at Kirjasto (Pegasos)
- The Online Books Page (University of Pennsylvania)
- Works by Harriet Beecher Stowe at Project Gutenberg
- Harriet Beecher Stowe's brief biography and works
- History's Women: Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Uncle Tom's Cabin, online text with audio. (PDF)
- "Uncle Tom's Cabin: the book that ignited a nation"
- Top-rated online version Black Freighter Productions' free online version of Stowe's "Queer Little Folks" (entire text, professional layout, PDF.)
- "How To Live on Christ" a pamphlet by Harriet Beecher Stowe, taken from her Introduction to Chistopher Dean's "Religion As It Should Be or The Remarkable Experience and Triumphant Death of Ann Thane Peck" published in 1847 Hudson Taylor sent a pamphlet using the words of this preface out to all the missionaries of the China Inland Mission in 1869.
- Barron's BookNotes for Uncle Tom's Cabin - The Author and Her Times


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'Smart' sensor technologies promise big savings in state energy costs
By Diane Ainsworth, Public Affairs
25 May 2001
In a show of new energy-efficient technologies that researchers say are capable of cutting California's annual electricity bill by $5 billion to $7 billion each year, UC Berkeley on Friday unveiled a network of tiny, wireless sensors that can save electricity by monitoring lighting and room temperatures. The diminutive sensors, each no bigger than a matchbook, were tucked into the corners of offices, placed along hallways and mounted in conference rooms throughout two floors of Cory Hall, Berkeley's electrical engineering building. At a press conference, researchers with the proposed Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society, known as CITRIS, showed how the network of "smart dust motes," when coupled with sophisticated software, can measure room conditions continuously and help building technicians curb energy use. "Our researchers have developed a prototype energy management technology that can eventually be deployed for less than $1 per sensor," said Richard Newton, dean of the College of Engineering. "The sensors you find today are relatively large, but we think we can get these devices down to the size of a penny or smaller. "Imagine a network of them, all communicating with each other automatically and wirelessly, to control the energy consumption in a room or a building," Newton said. "This is a quantum change in our ability to monitor and to deploy these sorts of networks." The goal of CITRIS research is to develop information technologies like this that can readily be put to use to solve large-scale societal problems affecting the quality of life, such as the energy shortage. Inexpensive technologies to monitor information can be applied to many environmental problems, such as controlling traffic congestion, measuring the movement of buildings during an earthquake or maintaining heating and cooling systems in office buildings. With continued development and miniaturization, CITRIS technologies will also have an impact on health care and distance learning. One of Gov. Gray Davis' proposed California Institutes for Science and Innovation, CITRIS is slated to receive $33 million in initial state funding from next year's proposed budget, still under negotiation in the state legislature. In preparation for today's demonstration, Berkeley electrical engineering professor Jan Rabaey, fellow scientists and graduate students installed more than 50 solar and battery-powered smart dust motes in Cory Hall, an older building housing the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and its array of energy-hungry computers and equipment for research and teaching. The prototype sensors, which cost about $100 each to build, were outfitted with wireless radio transceivers and their own miniature operating systems to transmit continuous lighting and temperature readings to a computer and help facilities managers monitor the building's electricity usage. "These sensors are essentially little wireless computers with radio chips and batteries that generate information about the environment continuously," said electrical engineering professor Kris Pister, developer of the smart dust sensors. "What's unique about these platforms is the tiny operating system, which makes them 'smart' and gives them the ability to operate autonomously." By monitoring temperature and light over the entire floor in real time, building technicians can determine how much electricity people need during the week, Pister said. Such a network could someday be a significant cost-saver to residential consumers, who would be able to monitor their own electricity, gas, heating and water usage, and more accurately control their rates of consumption. Pister said the Berkeley researchers plan, by this summer, to have developed an autonomous sensor node with a tiny computer onboard, its own power supply, and two-way communication capability, all in a device that measures about 1 cubic millimeter. The researchers believe they are very close to putting smart energy technologies to work. Commercialization of the current, matchbook-sized chips would take about two years, Pister said, and they could be manufactured by the thousands, millions or billions. Researchers are probably only about five years away from bringing the next generation of button-sized smart sensors to the marketplace, he said. "By using an inexpensive sensor network on the Berkeley campus, we would be saving about $900,000 a year in electricity costs and cutting our power use by at least 5 percent," Pister said. Newton, the engineering dean, estimated that energy savings nationwide from use of such a monitoring system would be about $35 billion or more, which would translate into a reduction of about 30,000 tons of carbon emissions each year. Once buildings are outfitted with smart sensor systems, Pister said, the passive sensors could be designed to perform more and more intelligently. For instance, the next generation of smart dust motes may be sophisticated enough to cut power automatically, but only to certain devices and at certain peak hours of the day. "Everything should have its own built-in intelligence," Pister said. "Wouldn't people rather spend several hours a day with their power intelligently reduced by 20 percent instead of having a one-in-five chance that they'll be cut off entirely as part of a rolling black out? With these smart sensors in place, the critical equipment could continue to operate during a blackout." CITRIS research depends on industry partnerships, a key component of Davis' new California Institutes for Science and Innovation. As one of these new University of California institutes, CITRIS is a partnership between California industry, Berkeley and the UC campuses at Davis, Santa Cruz and Merced. Legislation to fund CITRIS may be passed into law in Sacramento next month. Links: CITRIS Web siteCampus News Feature on CITRIS Smart sensor press release |
Home | Search | Archive | About | Contact | More News Copyright 2000, The Regents of the University of California. Produced and maintained by the Office of Public Affairs at UC Berkeley. Comments? E-mail firstname.lastname@example.com. |