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CHAPTER 871. POWERBALL Sec.
871.1. Creation.
871.2. Game description and purpose.
871.3. Definitions.
871.4. Ticket sales retailers.
871.5. Ticket price.
871.6. Powerball bet slip and ticket characteristics and restrictions.
871.7. Time, place and manner of conducting drawing.
871.8. Expected prize payout percentages.
871.9. Powerball prize payments.
871.10. Funding of guaranteed prizes.
871.11. Ticket responsibility.
871.12. Ticket validation requirements.
871.13. Procedures for claiming and payment of Powerball prizes.
871.14. Parimutuel prize pool.
871.15. Unclaimed prize money.
871.16. Withholding.
871.17. Purchase and prize restrictions.
871.18. Governing law.
871.19. Probability of winning.
871.20. Power play promotion.
871.21. Future changes to Powerball.
871.22. Changes to Powerball.Authority The provisions of this Chapter 871 issued under section 303 of the State Lottery Law (72 P. S. § 3761-303), unless otherwise noted.
Source The provisions of this Chapter 871 adopted June 7, 2002, effective June 8, 2002, 32 Pa.B. 2758, unless otherwise noted.
§ 871.1. Creation.
Under the act and this part, there is created a numbers game, called Powerball, which will commence at the discretion of the Secretary, and will continue until the Secretary publicly announces a suspension or termination date.
§ 871.2. Game description and purpose.
(a) Powerball is a five out of 49 plus one out of 42 on-line lottery game which pays the grand prize on an annuitized, parimutuel basis. Except as provided in this chapter, all other prizes are paid on a set cash basis.
(b) The purpose of the Powerball game is to determine winners from ticket holders matching five numbers from 1 through 49, and matching the separately drawn Powerball number, or a designated combination thereof, within a single play, with the five winning numbers and the Powerball number to be randomly drawn. Drawings will be conducted twice a week or as publicly announced by the Secretary.
(c) The object of the game is for a player to select, in a single play on a ticket, five numbers and the Powerball number that match the numbers and the Powerball number drawn for the game in which the ticket is participating. Correctly matching the six winning numbers consisting of the five numbers drawn plus the Powerball number drawn, and meeting other validation criteria, entitles the ticket holder to the grand prize identified in § 871.8 (relating to expected prize payout percentages).
Cross References This section cited in 61 Pa. Code § 871.22 (relating to changes to Powerball).
§ 871.4. Ticket sales retailers.
(a) Powerball game ticket sales may only be made through licensed on-line retailers the Director will appoint and contract with as provided in § 815.42 (relating to ticket sales agents).
(b) The Lottery may terminate sales by a retailer without prior notice to the retailer if the retailer becomes delinquent in payment of proceeds due the Lottery, fails to handle Lottery funds in the prescribed manner, if the retailer breaches the contract or an addendum thereof, this part or procedures established governing the sale of tickets or if the Lottery deems it to be in the best interest of the Commonwealth.
§ 871.5. Ticket price.
A Powerball ticket shall cost $1 per play. The power play option may be exercised, at the discretion of the player, for an additional $1 per play.
§ 871.6. Powerball bet slip and ticket characteristics and restrictions.
(a) For each basic play the player shall select, or request quick pick selection by the computer, five numbers and a single Powerball number, in one or more of the game panels on a Powerball bet slip. Powerball bet slips shall be available at no cost to the player. The minimum entry is $1. For $1, play game A; for $2, play games A and B; for $3, play games A, B and C; for $4, play games A, B, C and D; for $5, play games A, B, C, D and E. Players are also given the option to select a promotion verbally or on the bet slip at the time of purchase for an additional $1 for each play. Game panels shall be played in alphabetical order in accordance with the instructions printed on the Powerball bet slip. A Powerball bet slip has no pecuniary or prize value and does not constitute evidence of the purchase of a ticket or the numbers selected.
(b) To purchase a ticket, players shall, in addition to the purchase price, submit a completed Powerball bet slip, or request number selections either by quick pick or manual terminal entry to an on-line retailer to have a ticket issued. The ticket shall contain five selected numbers and a single selected Powerball number for each play, ticket validation number data, drawing date, amount bet and any applicable promotion exercised by the player. This ticket shall be the only valid receipt for claiming a prize. The ticket shall only be valid for the drawing date or dates printed on the ticket. Retailers are not permitted to allow the attachment of any remote devices to a lottery terminal to enter plays except as otherwise provided in the MUSL rules.
(c) If Powerball bet slips are unavailable, number selections may be given to an on-line retailer in groups of five number selections and one Powerball number selection per game section for each $1 wagered as a basic play. The retailer shall manually enter the selections into the computer terminal.
(d) A Powerball ticket may not be canceled or voided once printed by the Lottery terminal, even if the ticket is printed in error.
(e) It shall be the sole responsibility of the player to verify the accuracy of the game play or plays and other data printed on the ticket. The placing of plays is done at the players own risk through the on-line retailer who is acting on behalf of the player in entering the play or plays.
(f) A player may select numbers for up to 26 drawings, specifically the next drawing and the 25 subsequent drawings.
(g) A ticket may not be issued for a drawing after the specified sales cut-off time prior to the drawing, as announced by the Secretary or a designee.
§ 871.7. Time, place and manner of conducting drawing.
(a) Time of drawing. A Powerball drawing will be held twice a week or as publicly announced by the Secretary.
(b) Place of drawing. A Powerball drawing will be conducted in a location selected by the MUSL in West Des Moines, Iowa, or other location selected by the MUSL for promotional or other reasons.
(c) Manner of conducting drawings. The MUSL will draw at random five numbers from a set of balls numbered 1 through 49 and one Powerball number from a set of balls numbered 1 through 42 with the aid of mechanical drawing equipment. All drawings will be observed by security personnel and independent auditors and the validity of a drawing will be solely determined by the MUSL.
Cross References This section cited in 61 Pa. Code § 871.13 (relating to procedures for claiming and payment of Powerball prizes); and 61 Pa. Code § 871.22 (relating to changes to Powerball).
§ 871.10. Funding of guaranteed prizes.
The MUSL Powerball Product Group may offer guaranteed minimum grand prize amounts or minimum increases in the grand prize amount between drawings or make other changes in the allocation of prize money where the MUSL Powerball Product Group finds that it would be in the best interest of the game. If a minimum grand prize amount or a minimum increase in the grand prize amount between drawings is offered by the Product Group, the grand prize shares shall be determined as follows:
(1) If there are multiple grand prize winners during a single drawing, each selecting the annuitized option prize, then a winners share of the guaranteed annuitized grand prize shall be determined by dividing the guaranteed annuitized grand prize by the number of winners.
(2) If there are multiple grand prize winners during a single drawing and at least one of the grand prize winners has elected the annuitized option prize, the best bid submitted by the MUSLs preapproved qualified brokers shall determine the cash pool needed to fund the guaranteed annuitized grand prize.
(3) If no winner of the grand prize during a single drawing has elected the annuitized option prize, the amount of cash in the grand prize pool shall be an amount equal to the guaranteed annuitized amount divided by the average annuity factor of the most recent three best quotes provided by the MUSLs preapproved qualified brokers submitting quotes.
(4) Quotes will not be used which are more than 2 weeks old, and if less than three quotes are submitted, the MUSL shall use the average of all quotes submitted.
(5) Changes in the allocation of prize money shall be designed to retain approximately the same prize allocation percentages, over a years time, as set forth in § 871.8 (relating to expected prize payout percentages). Minimum guaranteed prizes or increases may be waived if the alternate funding mechanism as set forth in § 871.8 becomes necessary.
§ 871.11. Ticket responsibility.
(a) A ticket is a bearer document deemed to be owned by the person holding the ticket, except that if a signature is contained on the ticket, the person so named will, for all purposes, be considered the owner of the ticket.
(b) The Commonwealth will not be responsible for lost or stolen tickets.
(c) The purchaser of the ticket has the sole responsibility for checking the accuracy and condition of the data printed on the ticket.
This section cited in 61 Pa. Code § 871.9 (relating to Powerball prize payments); and 61 Pa. Code § 871.12 (relating to ticket validation requirements).
§ 871.14. Parimutuel prize pool.
(a) The prize pool for all prize categories shall consist of 50% of each drawing periods sales after the prize reserve accounts are funded to the amounts set by the MUSL Powerball Product Group. Any amount remaining in the prize pool at the end of the game shall be carried forward to a replacement game or expended in a manner as directed by the MUSL Powerball Product Group in accordance with State law.
(b) An amount equal to up to 2% of a party lotterys sales shall be deducted from a party lotterys grand prize pool and placed in trust in one or more prize reserve accounts until the party lotterys share of the prize reserve accounts reaches the amounts designated by the MUSL Powerball Product Group. Once the party lotterys share of the prize reserve accounts exceeds the designated amounts, the excess shall become part of the grand prize pool. The MUSL Powerball Product Group, with the approval of the Finance and Audit Committee, may establish a maximum balance for the prize reserve accounts. The shares of a party lottery may be adjusted with refunds to the party lottery from the prize reserve accounts as may be needed to maintain the approved maximum balance and shares of the party lotteries. Any amount remaining in a prize reserve account at the end of this game shall be carried forward to a replacement prize reserve account or expended in a manner as directed by the MUSL Powerball Product Group in accordance with State law.
(c) If the prize pool for a drawing is not sufficient to fund an announced minimum grand prize, the prize pool will be increased as necessary in accordance with MUSL rules.
§ 871.15. Unclaimed prize money.
Prize money on a winning Powerball play may be retained by the Secretary for payment to the person entitled to it. If within 1 year of the drawing date on the ticket, no claim is made on a winning play, as determined by the Secretary, the right to claim prize money terminates. For set prizes, the prize money will be paid into the State Lottery Fund and used for purposes otherwise provided for by statute. Unclaimed grand prize funds will be distributed among all MUSL Lotteries in proportion to each lotterys sales for the grand prize drawing.
Cross References This section cited in 61 Pa. Code § 871.22 (relating to changes to Powerball).
§ 871.16. Withholding.
Federal withholding taxes will be withheld by the Lottery for the prize payments in amounts required in accordance with applicable provisions of law.
§ 871.17. Purchase and prize restrictions.
(a) A Powerball ticket may not be purchased in this Commonwealth by, and a prize will not be paid to, an officer or employee of the Pennsylvania Lottery or any of the Lotterys professional services contractors or subcontractors who are involved in the operation of the on-line lottery games system or its associated drawings, or to a spouse, child, brother, sister or parent residing in the same household as these individuals.
(b) In addition to the individuals identified in subsection (a), the following persons are not eligible to purchase a Powerball ticket and are ineligible to be paid a prize for a Powerball ticket:
(1) An employee, officer or director of the MUSL.
(2) A person under contract with the MUSL to conduct a financial or security audit of the MUSL.
(3) An employee, partner, shareholder or owner of an independent accounting firm under contract with the MUSL to observe drawings and site operations.
(4) A relative living in the same household of a person described in paragraph (1), (2) or (3).
(c) Except as provided in subsection (b), the individuals identified in subsection (a) are not prohibited from purchasing a ticket or winning a prize from a MUSL member lottery other than the Pennsylvania Lottery.
(d) A Lottery retailer authorized to sell lottery tickets for on-line games, or an employee of a retailer may not request, demand or accept gratuities or additional compensation from any person, or agent thereof, in exchange for the purchase of Powerball lottery tickets. A retailer authorized to sell lottery tickets for on-line games shall make Powerball lottery tickets available for sale to the public during the hours that sale of Powerball tickets are authorized to be sold and that business is open to the public. A retailer may only sell Powerball lottery tickets on the premises described in the retailers contract, except as specially authorized in writing by the Director. No transaction, or any part thereof, of Powerball lottery tickets may be made at the general corporate office of a retailer unless that office is open to the public and has contracted with the Lottery as a separate Lottery retailer. A Lottery retailer authorized to sell lottery tickets for on-line games may not enter into any special agreement with a person, group of persons or agent thereof, for the purchase of over $500 of Powerball lottery tickets for any one drawing. A retailer shall immediately report to the Lottery an attempt made by a person, or group of persons or an agent thereof, to purchase more than 50% of the number combinations for Powerball for any one drawing. A retailer shall obtain the name and address of any person purchasing more than $5,000 in Powerball lottery tickets for any one drawing and report the information to the Lottery before the sale. A person may not purchase a ticket or combination of tickets and a lottery retailer may not directly or knowingly sell a ticket or combination of tickets to any person which would guarantee the purchaser a grand prize win.
§ 871.18. Governing law.
(a) In purchasing a ticket, the purchaser agrees to comply with and abide by applicable laws, this part, instructions, conditions, final decisions of the Secretary and procedures established by the Director or by the MUSL for the conduct of Powerball.
(b) Decisions made by the Secretary or the MUSL, including the declaration of prizes and the payment thereof or interpretation of this part are final and binding on players and persons making a claim in respect thereof.
§ 871.19. Probability of winning.
The probability of winning is as follows:
Tickets Containing The Following, In Probability of One Single Lettered Game Section Prize Category Winning per Play Five first set numbers and the Powerball number Grand Prize 1:80,089,128 Five first set numbers Second Prize 1:1,953,393.3659 Four first set numbers and the Powerball number Third Prize 1:364,041.4909 Four first set numbers Fourth Prize 1:8,879.0608 Three first set numbers and the Powerball number Fifth Prize 1:8,466.0812 Three first set numbers Sixth Prize 1:206.4898 Two first set numbers and the Powerball number Seventh Prize 1:604.7201 One first set number and the Powerball number Eighth Prize 1:117.9942 The Powerball number Ninth Prize 1:73.7464
Cross References This section cited in 61 Pa. Code § 871.22 (relating to changes to Powerball).
§ 871.21. Future changes to Powerball.
(a) The MUSL reserves the right to modify the Powerball game in order to address changes in player participation or population of member states. If the MUSL decides to make a change, it will be publicly announced by the Secretary at least 30 days before the change takes effect.
(b) The Secretary will publish notice of the change in the Pennsylvania Bulletin and the change will be codified in § 871.22 (relating to changes to Powerball).
Authority The provisions of this § 871.21 amended under section 303 of the State Lottery Law (72 P. S. § 3761-303).
Source The provisions of this § 871.22 amended July 12, 2002, effective October 6, 2002, 32 Pa.B. 3396; amended October 11, 2002, and applies to the ticket sales beginning on Sunday, October 6, 2002, for the Powerball drawing on Wednesday, October 9, 2002, 32 Pa.B. 5144; amended July 22, 2005, effective August 28, 2005, 35 Pa.B. 4151; amended November 28, 2008, effective January 4, 2009, 38 Pa.B. 6571; amended May 27, 2011, effective May 28, 2011, 41 Pa.B. 2787; amended December 16, 2011, these changes will affect ticket sales beginning on Sunday, January 15, 2012, for the Powerball drawing on Wednesday, January 18, 2012, 41 Pa.B. 6945; amended September 27, 2013, these changes will affect ticket sales beginning October 1, 2013, 43 Pa.B. 5776; amended January 3, 2014, these changes will affect ticket sales beginning January 19, 2014, 44 Pa.B. 138; amended September 25, 2015, these changes will affect ticket sales beginning October 4, 2015, 45 Pa.B. 5884. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (293495) to (293496), (312713) to (312716), (340127) to (340128), (357233) to (357234), (360081) to (360086), (368495) to (368498) and (369917) to (369919).
Cross References This section cited in 61 Pa. Code § 871.21 (relating to future changes to Powerball).
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Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.
Help us make it rightBe the first OregonLive.com user to add photos or videos of Ed Starner Excavating Inc
Ed Starner Excavating Inc is located at 233 Rogue River Hwy, Grants Pass, OR. This business specializes in General Contractors.

subset: commoncrawl


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Team by Team Football Cupcake Decor
by Cameron Curtis in Entertaining, January 11th, 2015There's no better way to celebrate the playoffs and the final countdown until the big Sunday game than with your favorite team's colors — in cupcake form, of course. Whether you're rooting for NFC leaders the Philadelphia Eagles (back and steel blue) or the AFC New England Patriots (red and dark blue), all you need is a few drops of food coloring to turn your desserts into game-day-ready treats. No matter whom you're rooting for, you can show your team spirit with frosting.
NFC East (pictured above)


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Ethiopian food is quite unlike anything else that I'm accustomed too. Back when I was in undergrad, I vaguely remember sampling some cuisine from a local restaurant that has since gone out of business. My only recollection of the experience was that it seemed exotic and it was spicy. Fast forward to the present and a soujourn in Orlando. Presented with the opportunity to give a full Ethiopian meal a shot, I was powerless to resist.
I won't claim to be an expert on the subject, and I have little grounds for comparison, but Nile Ethiopian Cuisine is absolutely exceptional. The restaurant itself is located in a strip mall just off the tourist-trap laden International Drive. Coming inside you'll find a warm and vibrant environment, with several more private rooms off to the left. If you choose one of these, they're traditionally furnished with divans and wicker, hourglass-shaped tables. In Ethiopian cuisine "injera" is a staple, kind of like a cross between a chewy crepe and a bubbling pancake disc before it's flipped. Made from "teff," a fine grain unique to Ethiopia, they provide a nice vessel to enjoy an assortment of meats and fillings, and they allow for sharing. The friendly waitress helpfully explained the traditional way of eating, which is really just as straightforward as tearing some injera off with your hands, and using it to scoop up the selected dish. If you know what you want you can choose an individual plate, but if you're not alone I'd suggest opting for one of their combination platters for maximal enjoyment. As an added bonus they've even got a full vegetarian option, so your meat eating friends need not be left out.
We began with the Azifa, an appetizer consisting of lentils, onion, green pepper, and lemon juice, mixed with Ethiopian mustard. Bold and tangy, with a touch of pungent acidity from the lemons, it was spectacularly delicious.
For the entree we decided to get the Mucow special which was a combination platter of Beef Key Wat, Alicha, Split Peas (Kik), Collard Greens (Gomen), Cubed Beef (Tibs), and a simple greens and tomato salad. In addition, the platter came with two glasses of honey wine (Tej), an intoxicating drink that kind of reminded me of orange juice, champagne, and elderflower. Served in round-bottomed beakers that looked like they were stolen from a chemistry lab, by itself the Tej erred on cloying, but it provided the perfect refreshment along with the savory edibles.
Of the three kinds of meat, all were tender, flavorful, and well balanced. They don't describe exactly what spices they use, nor what is in the special sauces, so I can only offer vague speculation. One definitely stood out as the spicier choice (I'm guessing it was the red pepper sauce of the Beef Key Wat), which had some kick, yet was not unbearable. Among the other two, the beef with green peppers and onions (I'm thinking this was the Tibs) reminded me of the filling you would find in Mexican fajitas. Finally, my favorite of the three was what I assume (by process of elimination) was the Alicha, which tasted like some kind of creamy, slightly sweet, coconutty/buttery beef, rendered even more succulent by their special sauce.
The collard greens were exactly like the kind you could find at any quality Southern-style restaurant, slightly bitter and moist. The Kik, which originally didn't appeal to me very much, turned out to be my absolute, I can't-get-enough, hands down top choice. A smooth, mild pile of yellow looking glop, it was divine! I'm not quite sure how it was prepared, but I tasted hints of turmeric, ginger and garlic. We managed to finish our first batch of injera pretty quickly, and wonderfully, our attentive waitress brought us more without any prompting!
Before leaving we got some coffee, which was lovingly prepared to order and served tableside. I didn't try any but my dining partner assured me it was strong and aromatic.
The unique gamut of flavors and spices was unlike anything else I've had. While I'm sure you can request hotter choices, I really appreciated that nothing we got was intolerable. I was surprised by how many families we saw dining around us...who says that kids are picky? I guess given the opportunity to forgo silverware and use their hands, children will jump in. Accordingly, I'd highly recommend making this a stop for any occasion. Fun for all ages and spectacularly delectable to boot! Wash your hands and dig in (literally)!
Nile Ethiopian Cuisine
7040 International Drive Orlando, FL 32819
(407) 354-0026


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Home Interiors (Dynamic Hidden Objects) game controls
fire = left_mouse;jump = na;movement = mouse;
Game Description
Living the life is a Hidden Object game based on life in the city with all its luxuries. You have a huge home, and a lot of personal items that keep getting misplaced. So get started and clean your house up by finding the lost hidden objects of yours.
Game Features:
4 Fun Filled Levels
6 Achievements to Unlock


text: The growing fear of having your brain hacked -- for realGeorge Dvorsky5/01/13 2:11pmFiled to: Futurismbrain hackingneurosciencescience335EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink With all these new brain scanners on the market, it's becoming increasingly important for manufacturers to make sure they're safe. Advertisement Brain-computer interfaces, like the ones produced by NeuroSky and Emotiv, allow users to control objects and video games with their thoughts. The growing fear is that third party-developers could build apps that masquerade as games — but actually harvest sensitive information from the user. Or they could simply be hacked into from unknown external sources. Writing in SF Chronicle, James Temple highlights the concerns: Advertisement In early 2009, hackers inserted malicious code into an Epilepsy Foundation message board that embedded flashing images into hundreds of posts.An untold number of epilepsy patients clicked on otherwise normal-looking headlines, only to find themselves staring at kaleidoscopic animations. For a handful, the images triggered migraines or near seizures, according to reports at the time.The episode might have represented one of the first brain hacks, a computer attack on the mind. But security researchers say it's unlikely to be the last.In fact, as brainwave sensors for games and implantable neural devices for diseases become more common and sophisticated, a host of troubling possibilities arise. Early research suggests that hackers might be able to use these tools to extract sensitive information from our brains, like ATM passcodes. From there it's not too far a leap to triggering physical movements or perhaps even inserting ideas."You could use these to directly interact with the brain," said Ryan Calo, assistant law professor at the University of Washington focused on privacy and robotics, in a recent presentation at Stanford. "You could get up to all sorts of mischief."And indeed, a number of security experts say the time has come for manufacturers to protect consumers from these sorts of threats. There's lots more in Temple's article, including a UC Berkeley study in which researchers were able to use such devices to predict the thoughts of computer science students. Sponsored Inset image: Batou from Ghost in the Shell: Innocence — as his e-brain is being hacked into. Reply33 repliesLeave a reply


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- This Blingee scored 670 points in the Best Couple Blingee competition. View the final rankings or Enter current competitions now!
- This Blingee scored 1145 points in the Best Friends Blingee competition. View the final rankings or Enter current competitions now!
xxRESIEVILADD... says:
1891 days agoYeah thats one of the reason why i like the manga better. The anime screws this over!
demonpryncess02 says:
1891 days ago^^ so cute! It was so sad when Kurama died with his daughter Mariko ): Lovely blingee
cristina1666 says:
1893 days agoεїз----------------------εїз -_(_)_------------_(_)_- (_)♥(_)----------(_)♥(_) ---(_)\-----εїз-----/(_)-- -------|-/)------(\-|------ ----(\-|------------|-/)--- -------|-/)------(\-|----- -----\\|//--------\\|//---- __---.★ร℘★εїз-------------- (5★★★★★)
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Spice in the Kitchen: Vegan Chocolate Tart with Chocolate Mousse
I made some heart shaped tarts for dessert last night using a combo of recipes:
Tart Shell: Post Punk Kitchen
Chocolate Mousse Filling: Gourmet Sleuth
Sugar Cookie: The BEST vegan sugar cookies recipe by John and Kristie
Notes: To the tart crust, I added espresso powder and vanilla. Make your crust THIN and make sure you poke holes in it like Isa suggests. You may even want to weight it down like a pie crust. To the mousse, I added espresso powder and a dash of cinnamon. The powder does not give it a mocha flavor, but intensifies the chocolate flavor. When the tarts were done and cooled, I filled them with a bit of raspberry preserves, topped it with the mousse and then the sugar cookie. It was delicious! I even had it for breakfast. ;)
4 comments:
WOW! I would really love to make these!! BUT I have a mini-cupcake pan which I would love to use for the shells, but I'm really not sure how to do this! Did you just oil the pan and press the dough evenly into the molds and then bake them? Or did you use paper liners? How did you get the crust dough into the molds?
I would be really happy to hear your advice! :)
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CD133: a stem cell biomarker and beyond
- Zhong Li1, 2Email author
© Li; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013
Received: 17 May 2013
Accepted: 25 June 2013
Published: 1 July 2013
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor initiating cells (TICs) contribute to tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and chemoresistance. CD133, a pentaspan membrane glycoprotein, has been used as a stem cell biomarker for isolation of stem-like cells from a variety of normal and pathological tissues as well as cell lines since its discovery in 1999. Recent studies are focusing on the functionality of CD133. In this review, we summarize new insights into CD133 regulation and the involvement of CD133 in cell self-renewal, tumorigenesis, metastasis, resistance, metabolism, differentiation, autophagy, apoptosis, and regeneration.
Since CD133 was identified as a pentaspan transmembrane protein for human hematopoietic stem cells and mouse neuroepithelial cells [1–3], many studies have subsequently revealed that CD133 expression is associated with progenitor/stem cells, tumor, regeneration, differentiation, and metabolism. CD133 is one of key biomarkers for isolation and characterization of stem cells. Increasing evidence has shown that CD133 is not only a biomarker, but functions also in cell growth, development and tumor biology. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize the new functions of CD133.
CD133, also called Prominin-1, is a product of a single-copy gene on chromosome 4 (4p15.33) in human or chromosome 5 (5b3) in mice. Human CD133 is a transmembrane glycoprotein of 865 amino acids with a total molecular weight of 120 kDa. This protein consists of an N-terminal extracellular domain, five transmembrane domains with two large extracellular loops, and a 59 amino acids cytoplasmic tail [4]. It is selectively localized in microvilli and other plasma membrane protrusions [5, 6]. In general, CD133 positive and CD133 negative cells display different characters. For example, 1) CD133+ and CD133- glioma cells belong to independent cancer stem cell populations; 2) CD133+ glioma cells are derived from primordial CD133- CSCs; 3) CD133- CSCs retain their stem-like features as well as tumor initiation capacity, and can re-acquire CD133 expression in vivo; and 4) Both CD133+ and CD133- CSCs have different expression profiles in transcriptional activities and extracellular matrix molecules [7, 8].
Regulation of CD133 expression
The CD133 expression is regulated by many extracellular or intracellular factors and represents changes of cell type with particular functions [9]. Griguer, et al. revealed that hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction or depletion of mitochondrial DNA induced a reversible up-regulation of CD133 expression [10]. Hypoxia-induced CD133 expression is also found in human lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and glioma cells [11, 12]. Hypoxic condition increases hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression which inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) C1 activity [12, 13]. Increased HIF-1α induces the expansion of the CD133+ cells [11, 12, 14]. Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin greatly increases both the CD133+ populations and the expression of stem cell-like genes [14, 15]. Enhancing mTOR activity by over-expressing Rheb significantly decreases CD133 expression, whereas knockdown of the mTOR yields an opposite effect [15].
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is identified to be capable of up-regulating CD133 expression specifically within the Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line in a time- and dose-dependent manner [16]. TGFβ1 inhibits DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 1 and DNMT3β expression and subsequently induces the demethylation of promoter-1 of CD133 [16]. Analysis of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in colorectal cancer (CRC) reveals that TLR7 and 8 increase in CD133+ cells in CRCs [17]. Both TLRs and chemokines activate NF-κB signaling in cancer stem cells [18, 19]. Therefore, CD133 expression may play an important role in communication through membrane receptors.
MicroRNA (miRNA) profiling has revealed that several miRNA are involved in regulation of CD133 expression in a variety of cells. By analyzing miRNA expression profiling of CD133+ and CD133- cells from human HCC clinical specimens and cell lines, Ma, et al. has identified elevated miR-130b in CD133+ HCC TICs [20]. Forcing expression of miR-130b in CD133- cells enhances their chemoresistance, self-renewal and tumorigenicity in vivo. But upregulation of miR-125b inhibits the invasion of CD133+ primary glioblastoma cells [21]. In addition, miR-142-3p [22], miR-199b-5p [23], miR-143, miR-145 [24], and miR-150 [25] show inhibition of the colony-forming ability and tumor sphere formation of CD133+ cells. However, most of these miRNAs exhibit indirect regulation of CD133 expression. A specific miRNA targeting CD133 expression has not been identified yet.
CD133 expression is also regulated by epigenetic factors. Methylation of the CD133 promoter represses CD133 gene transcription. Demethylation of the CD133 gene has been found in a variety of human tumors including colorectal cancer [26], gastric carcinoma [27], gliomas and glioblastoma [28, 29], HCC [30], and ovarian cancer [31] and so on. TGFβ1 induced CD133 expression via demethylation of CD133 promoter-1 in Huh-7 cells [16]. Upregulation of CD133 is in CRC that exhibits a hyperactivated Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway secondary to mutations in K-Ras or B-Raf [32].
CD133 in cell self-renewal and tumorigenesis
Freshly isolated CD133+ cancer cells from colorectal cancer, gallbladder carcinoma, HCC, ovarian cancer and other tumors gave rise to long-term tumor spheroids and xenograft tumors in immunodeficient mice [20, 33–35]. The underlying mechanisms involved in regulation of self-renewal in HCC may depend on the Akt/PKB and Bcl-2 pathway [36]. Using the genome-wide microarray analysis, Tang et al. revealed that a significant interleukin-8 (IL-8) signaling network was activated in CD133+ liver TICs obtained from HCC clinical samples and cell lines responsible for self-renew, tumor angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis [37]. C-terminal cytosolic domain of CD133 is phosphorylated by Src-family kinases as determined by mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis. Tyrosine-828 and the nonconsensus Tyrosine-852 are the major tyrosine phosphorylation sites [38]. T-828 phosphorylation of CD133 mediates activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in glioma stem cells through interaction with p85 regulatory subunit [39]. Silencing of CD133 impairs the self-renewal and tumorigenic capacity of tumor cells [40].
Although both CD133+ and CD133- cells are capable of tumor initiation in the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice, most of CD133+ tumor subpopulations form colonospheres in an in vitro culture and retain long-term tumorigenic capacity in a NOD/SCID serial xenotransplantation model [41]. Upstream molecules in Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are preferentially activated in CD133+ colon cancer cells [42]. Ras and its downsteam effectors such as ERK, JNK, PI3K, p38K, and RalA are also significantly activated in CD133+ human primary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor [43]. Stemness genes, octamer biding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT4) and/or SRY-box containing gene 2 (SOX2), have been found to bind to the P1 promoter region of CD133 gene loci and ectopic OCT4 or SOX2 expression triggers the CD133P1 activity in the lung cancer cell lines N417, H358, and A549 [44]. Therefore, CD133 expression is essential for self-renewal function and tumorigenesis in certain cell types.
CD133 and metastasis
Increasing evidence indicates that a subset of tumor cells contributing to metastasis has the properties of CSCs or TICs. CD133+ cells are higher in liver metastasis than in primary colorectal tumors [45]. Compared with CD133+CXCR4- cells, CD133+CXCR4+ cancer cells have a high metastatic capacity in vitro and in vivo and undergoes epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT)[45]. CD133+CD44+ cancer cells have been characterized in several highly metastatic tumors, such as CRCs [46–48], HCCs [49, 50], pancreatic cancer [51], gallbladder carcinoma [52], lung adenocarcinomas [53] and gastric cancer [54]. Immunohistochemical study of human HCC specimens reveals that the number of CD133+ CD44+ HCC cells is increased and associated with portal vein invasion [49]. In colorectal cancer with early liver metastases, co-expression of CD133 and CD44 is significantly higher when compared to those without early liver metastases [48]. Knockdown of CD133 in hepatocarcinoma PLC/PRF/5 and HCT116 cells results in decreased expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)9 [55, 56]. These lead to decreased invasion as demonstrated in an in vitro system [55, 56]. In addition, chemokine CCL5 and its receptors, CCR1, CCR3 and CCR5, are found to be upregulated in CD133+ cancer stem-like cells from ovarian cancer [57]. Blocking of CCL5, CCR1 or CCR3 effectively inhibits the invasive capacity of these cells via inhibition of NF-kappaB and MMP9 secretion [57]. Therefore, CD133+ TICs may confer metastatic potential to their progenies.
CD133 and chemo- and radio-resistance
CD133 positive cells show a high degree of chemoresistance. CD133+ lung cancer cells exhibit drug resistance [58]. Isolated CD133+ CSCs from human oral squamous cell carcinoma are substantially resistant to standard chemotherapy [59]. Ectopic overexpression of CD133 in rat C6 glioma cells leads to significant reluctance to undergo apoptosis from camptothecin and doxorubicin treatments [60]. Chemoresistant CD133+ cells usually have the upregulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter [52, 60]. Since ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 5 (ABCB5)- mediated doxorubicin efflux [61], suppression of ABCB5 sensitizes the cells to doxorubicin uptake and apoptosis [62]. Moreover, CD133-expressing liver cancer cells following radiation exposure show higher activation of MAPK/PI3K signaling pathway and reduction in reactive oxygen species levels compared to CD133- cells. The irradiated CD133+ cell induces an increase of tumor formation in an in vivo xenograft model compared to the CD133- group, suggesting that CD133 contributes to radioresistance in HCC [63]. Treatment of unsorted HCC cells with anticancer drugs in vitro also significantly enriches the CD133+ subpopulation [36].
CD133 and metabolism
In epithelial cells, CD133 is found in microvilli, the primary cilium and the midbody [64]. This membrane protein has been found to be released from apical midbodies and the primary cilium of neuroepithelial cells as a whole or in part, into the extracellular space, yielding the CD133-enriched membrane particles found in the neural tube fluid [65]. Intriguingly, the release of these particles has been implicated in (neuro)epithelial cell differentiation [64]. CD133 is selectively associated with microvilli and largely segregated from the membrane subdomains containing placental alkaline phosphatase [66]. CD133 is also a cholesterol-interacting membrane protein responsible for the generation of plasma membrane protrusions, their lipid composition and organization as well as the membrane-to-membrane interactions [67]. Unraveling that CD133 inhibits transferrin uptake and AC133 antibody downregulates this uptake [68] further indicates the involvement of CD133 in cell metabolism.
Hexokinase II is a key enzyme in the glucolytic pathway. Its gene expression and enzymatic activity are lower in CD133+ than in CD133- hepatoma BEL-7402 [69]. Pancreatic cancer patients with low expression of hexokinase II have significantly shorter survival than those with higher expression [70]. Higher expression of hexokinase II is associated with advanced tumor grade and higher stage as well as higher mortality in HCC [71].
β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal-I) adds an α2-6-linked sialic acid to the N-glycans of CD133 membrane proteins that may stabilize CD133 [72]. ST6Gal-I has been reported to be upregulated in human colon cancer, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and CSCs [73]. CD133 has eight N-glycosylation sites on its extracellular loops [4]. Lectin binding assay for cell surface glycan epitopes and microarray analysis for expression of N-glycan biosynthesis-related genes demonstrate that over 10% difference between CD133+ and CD133- hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) [74]. Biantennary complex-type N-glycans are enriched in CD133+ cells that have the overexpressed mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (MGAT) 2 and underexpressed MGAT 4 [74]. Moreover, the amount of high-mannose type N-glycans and terminal α2,3-sialylation is increased in CD133+ cells [74]. N-glycosylation of CD133 is thought to be associated with cell differentiation [75] and promoted by hypoxia [76]. In addition, silencing CD133 reduces the glucose uptake [77], indicating that CD133 expression may be responsible for energic metabolism and the survival of CSCs.
Further analysis of signaling pathways in CD133+ and CD133- cells has found that freshly isolated CD133+ cells from benign prostate tissue show expression of transcripts associated with cell development, ion homeostasis and cell communication, whereas profiling of CD133- cells revealed gene transcripts related to cell proliferation and metabolism [78]. In human cord blood-derived CD133+ cells, 690 transcripts are differentially expressed in CD133+ and CD133- cells. Of these, 393 are increased and 297 are decreased in CD133+ cells in which that the highest overexpression genes are associated with metabolism, cell communication, and development [79]. Transcriptomic profiling of sorted CD133+ and CD133- cells from human glioblastoma multiforme reveals a CD133 gene expression signature composed of 214 differentially expressed genes [80]. Moreover, comparison of transcripts in CD34+ and CD133+ cells reveals that CD133+ cells have higher numbers of up-regulated genes than CD34+ cells. The uniquely expressed genes in CD34+ or CD133+ cell populations are associated with different biological processes: CD34+ cells overexpress many transcripts associate with development, while CD133+ cells express genes associated with chromatin architecture, DNA metabolism, and cell cycle [81].
CD133 and differentiation
CD133 is expressed on both CSC and differentiated tumor cells. CD133 is possibly folded as a result of differential glycosylation to mask specific epitopes [75]. Although both CD133+ and CD133- cells derived from primary glioblastomas show similar tumorigenicity in nude mice, there are 117 genes differentially expressing in these two subtypes [82]. Observation of CD133 expression in several neuroblastoma cell lines/tumor samples has shown that CD133 represses neurite extension and the expression of differentiation marker proteins, but accelerates cell proliferation, anchorage-independent colony formation and in vivo tumor formation of neuroblastoma cells [83]. Platelet-derived growth factors in the presence of a cytokine cocktail suppress ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood CD133+ cells and enhance their differentiation into megakaryocytic progenitor cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner [84]. Consistent with rapamycin increasing CD133 expression, mTOR inhibition severely blocks the differentiation of CD133+ to CD133- liver tumor cells [15]. Interestingly, single-cell culture experiments have revealed that CD133- liver tumor cells are capable of converting to CD133+ cells and the inhibition of mTOR signaling substantially promotes this conversion [15]. However, we should also note that CD133 expression and post-translational modification are dynamic and reversible that are dependent on cell microenvironment and physiological regulation [85].
CD133 and autophagy
Autophagy as a key homeostatic process of cytoplasmic degradation and recycling is associated with the status of tumor cells. The shift of CD133 subcellular localization from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane leads to the alternation of its functions [40]. CD133 has been shown to affect the clathrin-endocytosis process [68]. We have found that CD133 expression promotes glucose uptake and autophagosome formation in the glucose deprivation [77]. Immunofluorescence and time-lapsed confocal techniques demonstrate co-locolization of CD133 with an autophagy marker, microtubule-associated protein light chain3 (LC3) and a lysosome marker. CD133-mediated functions are beneficial for CSC survival. Knockdown of CD133 by siRNA attenuates production of LC3-II while the expression of autophagy associated genes (Atg9, Atg5/Atg12, and beclin-1) is not affected [77]. We speculate that CD133-mediated autophagy may be involved in the membrane-mediated phagophore formation.
CD133 and apoptosis
CD133+ cell population demonstrates significant resistance to TGF β- and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)- induced apoptosis compared with CD133- cells [86, 87]. High expression of FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP), an inhibitor of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, in CD133+ cells is thought to be associated with the resistance to the apoptosis induced by TRAIL [88]. In addition, CD133+ population has grater resistance to staurosporine-induced apoptosis than CD133- population [89] and stress-induced apoptosis [90]. Targeting CD133 by its antibody leads to cell death via attenuation of autophagy and promotion of apoptosis in HCC cells [77].
CD133 and regeneration
CD133+ cells that are isolated from bone marrow, cord blood, and peripheral blood have been tested in both animal models and clinical trials in an attempt to repair the injured tissues with the pluripotent of CD133+ cells [91]. The cell lines derived from human endothelial progenitor cells and cord blood undergo in vitro pre-angiogenic process, form pseudovessel structures and present an accelerate angiogenesis in hypoxic conditions [92]. Cells isolated from the peripheral blood using CD133 antibodies have been shown through a mouse spinal cord injury model as being able to enhance angiogenesis, astrogliosis, axon growth and functional recovery. In contrast, the administration of CD133- cells fails to promote axon growth and functional recovery, but moderately enhances angiogenesis and astrogliosis [93]. When CD133+ cells embedded in atelocollagen gel into a silicone tube is used to bridge a 15-mm defect in the sciatic nerve of athymic rats, sciatic nerves are structurally and functionally able to regenerate within 8 weeks and the transplanted CD133+ cells are differentiated into Schwann cells [94]. In a muscle injury rat model, granulocyte colony stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood CD133+ cells are differentiated into endothelial and myogenic lineages [95]. In addition, autologous bone marrow-derived CD133+ stem cell therapy has been used in clinical trials for patients with chronic total occlusion and ischemia [96], myocardial infarction [97], hepatic fibrosis [98], and liver regeneration [99]. The CD133+ cells have also been used for cardiac stem cell therapy [100] and bone regeneration [101]. Better application and expansion of CD133+ cells may yield tremendous benefits for tissue engineering.
The author is supported by fundings from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81041070 and 81272427 to Z Li), National Key Basic Research Program of China (2013CB910500 to Z Li) and the startup fund from Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital and the 10th People's Hospital.
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A Practical Grammar of the Latin Language/Lesson 5
Of the Declension of Adjectives.[edit]
- A. Adjectives are inflected like substantives of the first, second, and third declensions. Those in us, a, um and er, a, um belong to the first and second declension; those in er, is, e, those in is, is, e and all the adjectives of one termination, to the third.
- B. Some adjectives have a special termination for each of the three genders (e.g., bonus, a, um, ācer, ācris, ācre), some have one common form for the masculine and feminine (e.g., vīlis, m. & f., vīle, n.), and others have but one ending (in the nominative singular) for every gender (e.g., fēlix, dīves, &c.). The following paradigms exhibit the declension of bonus, pulcher, and turpis, in the singular.
Bonus, bona, bonum, good. | ||||
Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | ||
Nom. | the good | bonus | bona | bonum |
Gen. | of the good | bonī | bonae | bonī |
Dat. | to the good | bonō | bonae | bonō |
Acc. | the good | bonum | bonam | bonum |
Voc. | O the good | bonum | bona | bonum |
Abl. | with the good | bonō | bonā | bonō. |
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum,1 beautiful. | ||||
Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | ||
Nom. | the beautiful | pulcher | pulchra | pulchrum |
Gen. | of the beautiful | pulchrī | pulchrae | pulchrī |
Dat. | to the beautiful | pulchrō | pulchrae | pulchrō |
Acc. | the beautiful | pulchrum | pulchram | pulchrum |
Voc. | O the beautiful | pulcher | pulchra | pulchrum |
Abl. | with the beautiful | pulchrō | pulchrā | pulchrō. |
turpis, turpis, turpe, ugly. | ||||
Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | ||
Nom. | the ugly | turpis | turpis | turpe |
Gen. | of the ugly | turpis | turpis | turpis |
Dat. | to the ugly | turpī | turpī | turpī |
Acc. | the ugly | turpem | turpem | turpe |
Voc. | O the ugly | turpis | turpis | turpe |
Abl. | with the ugly | turpī2 | turpī | turpī. |
The trunk. | *Riscus, ī, m., arca, ae, f. |
The button. | *Orbiculus fibulātōrius, ī, m. |
The money. | Pecūnia, ae, f. |
The cheese. | Cāseus, ī, m. |
The silver | Argentum, ī, m. |
Of silver. | Argenteus, a, um (Adj.). |
The baker. | Pistor, ōris, m. |
The neighbor. | Vīcīnus, ī, m. Proximus, ī, m. |
Anything, something. | Aliquid, quidquam, nōnnihil |
Nothing. | Nihil (indecl.), nihilum, ī, n. |
Have you anything | Estne tibi aliquid? Habēsne tū aliquid? |
I have something | Est mihi aliquid. Habeō aliquid |
Have you anything | Num quidquam habēs?3 Num est tibi quidquam? |
I have nothing | Est mihi nihil. Nihil reī habeō. |
Hungry. | Ēsuriēns, tis. |
Thirsty. | Sitiēns,4 tis. (Vidē Lesson VI.B.) |
Sleepy. | Somniculōsus, a, um. Cupidus somnī. |
Tired. | Fessus (dēfessus), a, um. |
Are you hungry? | Ēsurīsne? |
I am hungry. | Ēsuriō. |
Are you thirsty? | Sitīsne? |
I am thirsty. | (Egō vērō) sitiō. |
I am not thirsty. | Nōn sitiō. |
Are you sleepy? | Esne tū somniculōsus? An es cupidus somnī? |
I am sleepy. | Sum cupidus somnī. |
I am not sleepy. | Nōn sum cupidus somnī. Egō somniculōsus nōn sum. |
Are you tired? | Esne tū fessus? Num es fessus? |
I am tired. | Sum fessus. |
I am not tired. | Nōn sum fessus. |
- C. Rule. When a substantive expresses the relation of property or possession, it is put in the genitive; as,
The dog of the baker. | Canis pistōris (Nom.) |
The baker's dog. | Pistōris canem (Acc.)5 |
The coat of the tailor. | Togam sartōris (Acc.) |
The tailor's coat. | Sartōris toga (Nom.) |
My brother's paper. | Charta meī frātris6 (Nom.) Frātris meī chartam. (Acc.) |
My neighbor's good salt. | Meī vīcīnī sāl bonum. Sāl bonum vīcīnī meī. |
The old bread. | Nom. Panis vetulus. Acc. Pānem vetulum. |
- D. Rule. Adjectives (and the adjective pronouns meus, tuus, &c.) may stand either before or after their substantives; but when the substantive is a monosyllable, the adjective comes always last.
Have you the neighbor's good salt? | Num habēs sāl bonum vīcīnī? |
I have it not. | Nōn habeō. |
Have you my brother's silver candlestick? | An habēs frātris meī candēlābrum argenteum? |
Exercise 4.[edit]
- Have you the leathern trunk?—I have not the leathern trunk.
- Have you my pretty trunk?—I have not your pretty trunk.
- Which trunk have you?—I have the wooden trunk.
- Have you my old button?—I have it not.
- Which money have you?— I have the good money.
- Which cheese have you?—I have the old cheese.
- Have you anything?—I have something.
- Have you my large dog?—I have it not.
- Have you your good gold?—I have it.
- Which dog have you?—I have the tailor's dog?
- Have you the neighbor's large dog?—I have it not.
- Have you the dog's golden ribbon?—No, Sir, I have it not.
- Which coat have you?—I have the tailor's good coat.
- Have you the neighbor's good bread?—I have it not.
- Have you my tailor's golden ribbon?—I have it.
- Have you my pretty dog's ribbon?—I have it not.
- Have you the good baker's good horse?—I have it.
- Have you the good tailor's horse?—I have it not.
- Are you hungry?—I am hungry.
- Are you sleepy?—I am not sleepy.
- Which candlestick have you?—I have the golden candlestick of my good baker.
1 Some adjectives of this declension retain the e of the root-termination, e.g. tener, tenera, tenerum; miser, misera, miserum. But the majority reject it.
2 Adjectives of the third declension have e or i in the ablative singular, but those neuter ends in e have i only.
3 Quidquam is generally put, when the sentence contains a negation (either expressed or implied), a condition, comparison, &c., and also in connection with the particles vix, scarcely, and sine, without. (Compare Lesson VI. C.)
4 Ēsuriēns is and sitiēns, properly, the present participles of the verbs ēsuriō, I am hungry, and sitiō, I am thirsty. When hungry and thirsty are in the predicate of the sentence, it is necessary to use verbs, and not participles.
5 The common rule is that the genitive (and in general every word governed) should be put before the word governing it. This, however, is by no means invariable, and the learner may safely use either of the formulas in the sense of their English equivalents.
6 Instead of the possessive genitive, the Romans sometimes employ an adjective; as domus paterna for domus patris, the father's house; homō ingeniōsus for homō ingeniī, a man of talent, &c.


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The Johari Window was invented by Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham in the 1950s as a model for mapping personality awareness. By describing yourself from a fixed list of adjectives, then asking your friends and colleagues to describe you from the same list, a grid of overlap and difference can be built up.
You can get your own Johari Window, or contribute to jlink's.
Known to Self |
Not Known to Self | |
Known to Others | Arenacleverconfident extroverted intelligent logical self-assertive | Blind Spotablebold caring cheerful complex dependable energetic friendly happy independent ingenious kind knowledgeable loving observant patient proud reflective responsive sentimental silly spontaneous warm witty |
Not Known to Others | Façade | Unknownaccepting adaptable brave calm dignified giving helpful idealistic introverted mature modest nervous organised powerful quiet relaxed religious searching self-conscious sensible shy sympathetic tense trustworthy wise |
(Hover over a word to see how many people chose it.) |
69% of people agree that jlink is clever
69% of people agree that jlink is confident
69% of people agree that jlink is intelligent
able (23%) accepting (0%) adaptable (0%) bold (7%) brave (0%) calm (0%) caring (7%) cheerful (7%) clever (69%) complex (7%) confident (69%) dependable (7%) dignified (0%) energetic (15%) extroverted (23%) friendly (30%) giving (0%) happy (7%) helpful (0%) idealistic (0%) independent (7%) ingenious (7%) intelligent (69%) introverted (0%) kind (7%) knowledgeable (15%) logical (7%) loving (15%) mature (0%) modest (0%) nervous (0%) observant (7%) organised (0%) patient (7%) powerful (0%) proud (7%) quiet (0%) reflective (7%) relaxed (0%) religious (0%) responsive (7%) searching (0%) self-assertive (38%) self-conscious (0%) sensible (0%) sentimental (7%) shy (0%) silly (23%) spontaneous (7%) sympathetic (0%) tense (0%) trustworthy (0%) warm (7%) wise (0%) witty (23%)
Tiffany thinks: confident, independent, logical, intelligent, self-assertive, patient.
sharon link thinks: complex, happy, kind, intelligent, loving, sentimental.
Luke thinks: able, witty, bold, clever, confident, friendly.
Andrea S thinks: witty, clever, confident, self-assertive, ingenious, friendly.
Marie Tenny thinks: intelligent, clever, loving, self-assertive, able.
Pete thinks: intelligent, extroverted, silly, able, reflective.
bridget thinks: friendly, cheerful, silly, clever, energetic.
brandee thinks: clever, extroverted, proud, intelligent, confident.
Jacqueline thinks: self-assertive, knowledgeable, intelligent, confident, warm, clever.
Kristen thinks: confident, friendly, caring, intelligent, energetic, responsive.
robyn thinks: clever, confident, witty, intelligent, dependable.
jen thinks: silly, confident, extroverted, self-assertive, spontaneous, clever.
aeravi thinks: confident, knowledgeable, observant, intelligent, clever.
You can display these results in an email or journal, by cutting and pasting the following HTML:-


text:
Raising a teenager is like being a Kremlinologist during the Cold War. For those trying to navigate, here's a primer on how to attend the prom at one suburban New York high school. At least these appear to have been the rules yesterday. They may have changed by today.
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Super cute drawstring style little bag! The CC Skye Large Nika Bag features gunmetal colored grommets throughout. Slight pleating at the bottom. Drawstring closure at the top. Long strap that can be worn crossbody or on one shoulder. The strap can also be removed. Fully lined interior with a small pocket.
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