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Activity takes about three 45-minute class periods.Learn more about Teaching Climate Literacy and Energy Awareness»
See how this Activity supports the Next Generation Science Standards»
Middle School: 2 Performance Expectations, 5 Disciplinary Core Ideas, 4 Cross Cutting Concepts, 8 Science and Engineering Practices
High School: 2 Performance Expectations, 6 Disciplinary Core Ideas, 7 Cross Cutting Concepts, 7 Science and Engineering Practices
Grade Level
Energy Literacy
4.1 Humans transfer and transform energy.
4.7 Different sources of energy have different benefits and drawbacks.
Excellence in Environmental Education Guidelines
Other materials addressing:
B) Changes in matter.
Other materials addressing:
C) Energy.
Other materials addressing:
C) Resources.
Other materials addressing:
D) Technology.
Other materials addressing:
E) Environmental Issues.
Notes From Our Reviewers
The CLEAN collection is hand-picked and rigorously reviewed for scientific accuracy and classroom effectiveness.
Read what our review team had to say about this resource below or learn more about
how CLEAN reviews teaching materials
Teaching Tips | Science | Pedagogy |
Technical Details
Teaching Tips
- Students must follow very specific rules and procedures to play this game - the teacher should be familiar with all of this before teaching the lesson (practice playing the game before using with students).
About the Science
- Students learn about various energy sources, their uses, whether they are renewable or non-renewable, and their environmental impacts.
Comments from expert scientist:
Scientific strengths:
This resource is great. Thinking about a game to teach basic information about different energy sources sounds really fun.
Statements about hydropower being the cheapest way to generate electricity and the new wind turbines generating electricity as cheaply as thermal power plants are questionable; no context/source is provided.
About the Pedagogy
- A complex and engaging game that requires critical thinking and group work to "win."
- Very clear articulation of how this resource meets a variety of national science standards such as natural resources, physical sciences, earth and space, and so forth.
- Also meets the standard of a critical thinking resource by requiring students to determine their own and others' positions in the game regarding the energy sources they have been assigned.
- Very specific, step-by-step teacher instructions provided. This should enhance student participation and engagement.
- A grading scheme is provided to individually assess students/groups.
Technical Details/Ease of Use
- This game is complex and will take the teacher some time to understand and then explain to students.
- About 1 hour of prep time is needed prior to the first day of this lesson to do the copying, cutting and dividing of energy cards and envelopes.
- Students will need careful guidance for setting up the game.
Next Generation Science Standards See how this Activity supports:
Middle School
Performance Expectations: 2
MS-ESS3-3: Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment.
MS-ETS1-2: Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.
Disciplinary Core Ideas: 5
MS-ESS3.A1:Humans depend on Earth's land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, fresh water, and biosphere resources are limited, and many are not renewable or replaceable over human lifetimes. These resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes.
MS-ESS3.C2:Typically as human populations and per-capita consumption of natural resources increase, so do the negative impacts on Earth unless the activities and technologies involved are engineered otherwise.
MS-ESS3.D1:Human activities, such as the release of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, are major factors in the current rise in Earth's mean surface temperature (global warming). Reducing the level of climate change and reducing human vulnerability to whatever climate changes do occur depend on the understanding of climate science, engineering capabilities, and other kinds of knowledge, such as understanding of human behavior and on applying that knowledge wisely in decisions and activities.
MS-ETS1.B2:There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem.
MS-ETS1.B3:Sometimes parts of different solutions can be combined to create a solution that is better than any of its predecessors.
Cross Cutting Concepts: 4
MS-C1.4:Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data.
MS-C2.2:Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems.
MS-C5.3:Energy may take different forms (e.g. energy in fields, thermal energy, energy of motion).
MS-C7.1: Explanations of stability and change in natural or designed systems can be constructed by examining the changes over time and forces at different scales, including the atomic scale.
Science and Engineering Practices: 8
MS-P1.2:ask questions to identify and/or clarify evidence and/or the premise(s) of an argument.
MS-P4.1:Construct, analyze, and/or interpret graphical displays of data and/or large data sets to identify linear and nonlinear relationships.
MS-P4.2:Use graphical displays (e.g., maps, charts, graphs, and/or tables) of large data sets to identify temporal and spatial relationships.
MS-P4.7:Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences in findings.
MS-P5.4:Apply mathematical concepts and/or processes (e.g., ratio, rate, percent, basic operations, simple algebra) to scientific and engineering questions and problems.
MS-P6.4:Apply scientific ideas, principles, and/or evidence to construct, revise and/or use an explanation for real- world phenomena, examples, or events.
MS-P7.2:Respectfully provide and receive critiques about one's explanations, procedures, models, and questions by citing relevant evidence and posing and responding to questions that elicit pertinent elaboration and detail.
MS-P8.1:Critically read scientific texts adapted for classroom use to determine the central ideas and/or obtain scientific and/or technical information to describe patterns in and/or evidence about the natural and designed world(s).
High School
Performance Expectations: 2
HS-ESS3-2: Evaluate competing design solutions for developing, managing, and utilizing energy and mineral resources based on cost-benefit ratios.
HS-ETS1-1: Analyze a major global challenge to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants.
Disciplinary Core Ideas: 6
HS-ESS3.A1:Resource availability has guided the development of human society.
HS-ESS3.A2:All forms of energy production and other resource extraction have associated economic, social, environmental, and geopolitical costs and risks as well as benefits. New technologies and social regulations can change the balance of these factors.
HS-ESS3.C1:The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources.
HS-ETS1.A1:Criteria and constraints also include satisfying any requirements set by society, such as taking issues of risk mitigation into account, and they should be quantified to the extent possible and stated in such a way that one can tell if a given design meets them.
HS-ETS1.A2:Humanity faces major global challenges today, such as the need for supplies of clean water and food or for energy sources that minimize pollution, which can be addressed through engineering. These global challenges also may have manifestations in local communities
HS-ETS1.B1:When evaluating solutions, it is important to take into account a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, and to consider social, cultural, and environmental impacts.
Cross Cutting Concepts: 7
HS-C1.3:Patterns of performance of designed systems can be analyzed and interpreted to reengineer and improve the system.
HS-C1.4:Mathematical representations are needed to identify some patterns
HS-C2.2:Cause and effect relationships can be suggested and predicted for complex natural and human designed systems by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system.
HS-C3.5:Algebraic thinking is used to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth).
HS-C5.3:Energy cannot be created or destroyed—only moves between one place and another place, between objects and/or fields, or between systems.
HS-C5.5:In nuclear processes, atoms are not conserved, but the total number of protons plus neutrons is conserved.
HS-C7.2:Change and rates of change can be quantified and modeled over very short or very long periods of time. Some system changes are irreversible.
Science and Engineering Practices: 7
HS-P1.1:Ask questions that arise from careful observation of phenomena, or unexpected results, to clarify and/or seek additional information.
HS-P4.2:Apply concepts of statistics and probability (including determining function fits to data, slope, intercept, and correlation coefficient for linear fits) to scientific and engineering questions and problems, using digital tools when feasible.
HS-P5.2:Use mathematical, computational, and/or algorithmic representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations.
HS-P5.5:Apply ratios, rates, percentages, and unit conversions in the context of complicated measurement problems involving quantities with derived or compound units (such as mg/mL, kg/m3, acre-feet, etc.).
HS-P6.4:Apply scientific reasoning, theory, and/or models to link evidence to the claims to assess the extent to which the reasoning and data support the explanation or conclusion.
HS-P7.3:Respectfully provide and/or receive critiques on scientific arguments by probing reasoning and evidence, challenging ideas and conclusions, responding thoughtfully to diverse perspectives, and determining additional information required to resolve contradictions.
HS-P8.1:Critically read scientific literature adapted for classroom use to determine the central ideas or conclusions and/or to obtain scientific and/or technical information to summarize complex evidence, concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms.


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Korean-Chinese Primer III
You're mostly correct, but I have to disagree with you when you said "they adopted most of the traditional cuisine of South Korea" – there's nothing adopted from Korean cuisine. People who migrated from Shangdong brought their home cooking and cuisine to South Korea, and adjusted the taste to suit the local population, exactly as the Cantonese brought their cuisine to American and adjusted the taste here. The pattern is the same everywhere Chinese food has traveled, to Japan, even India – each one has its own version of Sweent & Sour Pork and other "popular" dishes.
For the lack of a better term, the term "Korean-Chinese" has been used to describe the type of Chinese food found in Chinese restaurants in Korea.
Kelly's observations were very accurate, and I especially agree with his assessment that unlike Americanized Chinese food, which most Chinese don't eat, the Chinese food found in Korea is also liked by most Chinese including those coming from Taiwan. I know most of my Taiwanese friends love to eat the noodle dishes. And yes, you can find these same type of restaurants in Taiwan as well! (But you'll never find a Chop Suey place there!)
Some of the entree dishes mentioned in that thread were the same ones I mentioned in my messages on the San Tung thread – except they used the Korean-translated words.
(For those who don't know, Korean words (similar to Japaense words) borrow many words from Chinese characters) So for most of the Chinese dish names, there's a equivalent Korean pronounciation.
The main "proof" of Michael's saying it is not Chinese food is that he says the same type of food cannot be found in Beijing, Shanghai, HK, or Taipei — But the same can be said for Americanized Sweet & Sour Chicken and Beef Chop Suey! So I guess these are AMERICAN food then, not Chinese?!
And just because he says they can't be found doesn't mean they don't exist. All the dishes from these restaurants originated from Chinese cuisine and just slightly altered to suit the local taste. You can even walk into Darda (which is Islamic Chinese) and find ChaoMaMian (Jjampong), because it is a Chinese dish!
Some dishes mentioned in the message:
tangsuyook: The granddaddy of this dish is the Gu-Lao Ro in Beijing cuisine. It is known in Shandong cuisine as Tang Cu Ro (the basis for the Korean name). And it's more commonly known elsewhere as: SWEET & SOUR PORK. The dish is the same but flavor adjusted for each locality.
nanjawansu: In Chinese: Nan Jian Wan Zi (southern fried meat ball) – This is your basic Shandong meatball dish, basically the Northern Chinese's answer to the famous Shanghai Braised Lion's Head.
Kkanpungki: This is an original Shandong dish which I'm not aware of any similar ones elsewhere in China. (A distant relative may be ChungKing Spicy Chicken) But it is NOT similar to Kung Pao, no matter how similar they sound, they don't have any words in common.
Actually, it's flattering that nowadays some Koreans do think of these food as Korean, but if you go to these restaurants, you'll find all the owners and cooks to be Chinese from Shandong. Shandong people have created cuisine that taste so good that some Koreans have tried to claim it as its own.
It may be that RAMEN (as its sold in Japan) is a Japanese dish because they've modified it so much that there's little resemblence to the original Chinese soup noodle. However, things like ChaoMaMian, ZhaJiangMian, and all the other dishes have not changed that much, and they can still be found in Chinese restaurants that they'll always remain as Chinese cuisine.
I don't want to sound too confrontational, but at the same time, I think it's important that the CORRECT food knowledge be shared on an important board like the Chowhound so people don't get mislead.
Having lived in Korea for 10+ years, I can safely say for most of the Shangdong people there, that the "long term stayers" who have lost their culinary culture referred by the "study", is a very, very small minority.
The study has obviously missed the way the majority of Shangdong people lived in Korea and continued Chinese cuisine legacy and is popularizing it not only in Korea but also in the US.
Complete Thread: http://www.chowhound.com/topics/show/24268

subset: commoncrawl


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A Natural Hair and fashion lifestyle blog based in Sonoma County, in the heart of Wine Country. Amber serves up inspiration for winery tourism, vegetarian recipes, style, and skincare.
Jason Wu for Target
4 comments
- Francesca Giusti said...
love this post and also your blog! It's so nice!!! I follow you!
Pass to my blog and if it likes you follow me too, I will be so glad :D
- February 6, 2012 at 6:31 AM
- French Girl in Seattle said...
Ohhhh... Heading to Target to get the cat t-shirt now. How could I miss it yesterday when I was shopping there during the Superbowl (I, too, overspent, by the way.) Bonne semaine, Amber. Veronique (French Girl in Seattle)
- February 6, 2012 at 7:59 AM
- Chic 'n Cheap Living said...
Lucky thing! The dress I wanted is available in store only and I can only order online!
Chic 'n Cheap Living
- February 6, 2012 at 6:10 PM
- Meri said...
I was looking forward to this and then forgot- I better haul ass to target tomorrow!
- February 6, 2012 at 9:19 PM
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"Blaze-Face?!, You're about to be lit up hotter than a pool of Lava if you don't shut up!" Hiita snapped, Hinote sighed and shook her head.
'How do you deal with them, Riku?, oh wait, you don't, you're always off stealing...' Hinote thought to herself, sighing slightly while glancing around.
"It is pretty big in here...".
Last edited by Yuji on Fri Mar 02, 2012 12:50 pm; edited 1 time in total


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Just for example, it's heartbreaking to learn, according to the America Community Survey:
- A black male born after 1991 has a 29% chance of spending time in prison at some point in his life.
- Nearly one in three African American males, aged 20–29, are under some form of criminal justice supervision whether imprisoned, jailed, on parole or probation.
- One out of nine African American men will be incarcerated between the ages of 20 and 34.
- Black males ages 30 to 34 have the highest incarceration rate of any race/ethnicity.
- Only 52% of Black males graduate from high school. (Schott Foundation, 2012)
Truly, support for this population is critical.
I also feel ALL of "our boys" could use some support. Since about 2005, in this very blog, I've been profiling good men, organizations, and communities, who are scrambling to create innovative ways to support at-risk and other young men. If you look back at the posts in this blog, you'll find a few hundred examples, just about any of which, if scaled up, could make a significant difference in young male lives and the quality of community life across our country.
In this blog alone, you'll read about community-based approaches supporting young males, rite of passage experiences, and help with anger management. There are programs offering mentoring for young males struggling with math and reading, or just staying in school. There are outdoor adventure programs to get young guys out of the hood and into the woods or mountains. There are programs specifically for boys without fathers, some to help young men learn practical living skills, and others to match young men to a caring male ally, some of whom will be a friend and supporter for life. And I know I'm leaving a lot off the list.
What all these programs have in common is they give young males access to solid male role models who care about them. Men who, by the simple fact of their involvement, demonstrate our boys are worth loving and saving. When men show up, regardless of the content of the program, those essential male nutrients of attention, compassion, and blessings are delivered. That is water in the desert for so many of our young males.
Mr. President, I want you to know that each of these programs is a heroic effort on the part of the providers. We seem to be living in a world where investing in youth no longer seems to be a big priority. Far too many of these initiatives have seen their grants reduced or eliminated, and their community funding sources dry up. Yes, we should do something about our out-of-control young males, but today, there is not enough money being invested where the needed changes can be made. We both know prison construction with it's ever growing populations of incarcerated young males is not the answer.
So, Mr. President, if you want to give young men a sense that their country cares about them, and values them, and is willing to invest in them, please read through my blog, or give me a call. I can point you to lots of programs which, if funded and scaled up, will make a big difference in the lives of young black men or any young male needing guidance on his journey toward manhood. Taken together, these programs can reduce violence in our communities, build up all our young males, set them on a path toward a solid and contributing manhood, and greatly increase the quality of life in our communities.
Here are just a couple of programs on my mind right now. How about funding:
Urban Boatbuilders:
UBB is a group of mentors working with young, inner city kids in St. Paul, Minnesota. They teach them about building boats. In all that interaction, of course, there are occasions for learning, skills acquisition, and countless blessings from adults. UBB is currently trying to raise funds to build canoes. When the canoes are completed, they take the young folks into the Boundary Waters Canoe Wilderness Area in northern Minnesota for yet another set of amazing outdoor experiences. Funding UBB would help a lot of kids and, if it was funded nationally, what a difference that could make!
Archie Boone:
My friend Archie is a songwriter/recording artist who is starting to work with young kids in schools. He's a passionate and creative man with a great idea. He just needs a little money to get off the ground. Archie says, I want to use my summer and after-school hours to teach songwriting to inner-city children. My classes will teach them pro-social skills, help them share their thoughts and feelings, while providing a bridge across cultural boundaries, leading to respect of all people. Here is a taste of what Archie is creating:
If this clip doesn't show up use this link.
Wouldn't it be nice to have a few thousand Archie-like rappers in schools across the country, teaching kids to write their own music, full of love, honesty, respect for men and women, and diversity? Want to fund that jobs program?
Finally, there are all the "Men in Schools" programs that are starting to pop up. One example is the Boys to Men organization, a California based organization with branches in Virginia, Arizona, and elsewhere, where trained men sit in supportive circles with young men. In these small groups, the young guys develop their emotional vocabulary, learn to share and get support for the hard truths in their lives. Many young men, for the first time in their lives, have a positive relationship with a man and learn to trust men in the process. If you even wonder for a moment about the impact of this intervention, check out this video clip.
If this clip doesn't show up use this link.
How about a Boys to Men group or groups in every school across the country. Now there's a jobs program that will save boys' lives, improve graduation rates, and reduce the prison population. If you really want to bolster and reinforce African-American, or any boys, this might be an approach worth funding.
So Mr. President, there are good people out there with some answers to the boy problem, if only you'll give them a chance. Like I said, just give me a call or send me a quick message. I'll come running with my list and we'll get started helping all our boys.
Earl Hipp
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To thank GracePoint Church for the use of their space, we as a club would like to support the church food pantry.
Please bring an item to each monthly meeting from the list below:
Canned Stew, Chili, Soup, Ravioli, Tuna, Canned Chicken, Peanut Butter, Jelly, Raisins, Graham Crackers, Apple Sauce, Pretzels, Granola Bars, Pasta, Red Sauce, Crackers, Fruit Snacks, Pop Tarts, and Juice.
Popcorn, Ramen Noodles, Rice, Cereal, Canned Fruit, Pancake mix, (ready mix) Cake mix, Cake mix, Pinto beans, Black beans, Pudding Mix, Jello Mix, Oatmeal, Muffin Mix, Syrup, Hamburger Helper, Sugar, Flour, Nuts, and Vegetable Oil.
Thank you!!!!


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Apricot Cocktail
Cocktail recipe1 Cocktail PT2M PT2M cocktail, Gin, Orange Bitters, Apricot Liqueur
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Originally found in the Fine Art of Mixing Drinks by David Embury,this cocktails three ingredients stirred with ice offer up beautiful aroma and nuanced flavour.
Cocktail glass
3 Ingredients
- 1 ½ oz Gin1 ½ oz Gin4.5 cl Gin45 ml Gin1 ½ oz Gin1.5 oz Gin
- Dash Orange BittersDash Orange BittersDash Orange BittersDash Orange BittersDash Orange BittersDash Orange Bitters
- ½ oz Apricot Liqueur½ oz Apricot Liqueur1.5 cl Apricot Liqueur15 ml Apricot Liqueur½ oz Apricot Liqueur0.5 oz Apricot Liqueur
Add all the ingredients into a mixing glass with ice. Stir and strain into a chilled coupette glass.
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- 1 ½ oz GinGin ()
- Dash Orange BittersOrange Bitters ()
- ½ oz Apricot LiqueurApricot Liqueur ()
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- 1 ½ oz GinGin
- Dash Orange BittersOrange Bitters
- ½ oz Apricot LiqueurApricot Liqueur
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Source: https://makemeacocktail.com/cocktail/6996/apricot-cocktail/


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Beyond "wow"
It has been almost 3 weeks since I miraculously found my 39 year old son Mike, whom I gave up for adoption when I was 16. Okay, I guess any lying about my age is no longer an option. It has been the experience of a lifetime, to be sure. We originally thought his already planned trip North with his wife Ann and daughter Abigail at the end of August would be the ideal time to meet, but within 2 days of our first conversation, it was clear to both of us that it was going to be impossible to wait until then. He got the first flight he could. We knew from the first phone call that our communication was effortless, but I couldn't have fully anticipated the degree of ease with which he would connect with Julia and my entire world.
I "outed" him at the Canmore Festival at the first workshop with Stephen Fearing and David Francey and it was quite a moment for that audience - and him - and me - and my shocked cohorts on stage. The fact is, my peers and the audience and I have all sort of grown up together. I had to tell them! Then there was the unanticipated bonus of folks sharing with Mike their stories of how my music had woven through their lives over the years.... wow.
We stuffed every waking hour when I wasn't on stage - and many that should have been sleeping hours - with the stories of our lives, and everything else that came to mind. We learned as much as we could as fast as we could with an indescribable unquenchable thirst. The depth and degree to which we "get" one another is profound and delightful. Our shared views, perspectives and lists of favourites is endless.
And then there was Julia. Their connection was natural and graceful and as I said before - utterly effortless. The three of us packed in walks and row boat rides and swims and popcorn and endless talking. Always the talking... Oh yes, it must be genetic.
I am eternally and profoundly grateful to Mike's parents, not just for the obvious - for giving him such a loving home and childhood, and for the accomplishment of raising such a fantastic son, but to his mother for being so loving and open towards me. The adoption agency did a miraculous job matching us. I feel as close to her as I do to Mike and feel so indescribably fortunate to have both of them in my life now.
So onward we go. Mike and Ann and Abigail will be coming up in a week or so for a good long stay, and this strange and fantastic life rolls on.


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Volunteer Focus: Rajini Haraksingh, VP, Science 2.0/
Upcoming Webinar for Qiagen Ingenuity
Dr. Rajini Haraksingh, VP of Science 2.0 at Rare Genomics Institute (RG), also works as a postdoctoral fellow in Dr. Urban's Lab at Stanford Medical School. At Rare Genomics Institute, she leads a team of approximately 12 scientists, students, and other volunteers to help rare disease patients with genomic analysis. Often, patients who undergo genomic analysis are lost trying to make sense of the information. Dr. Haraksingh's team helps the family to look at the data using different platforms, connect with world experts, and even start research studies to understand the specific disease.
Dr. Haraksingh has gained experience from her many years of training. While in graduate school, she leveraged advances in genome sequencing and variant mapping technologies to acquire an enhanced understanding of the genetic variability in humans. Her study of the large amounts of normal genetic variations in the human genome piqued her interest in learning how many of these variations, in the form of copy number variants (CNVs), actually cause disease.
Dr. Haraksingh's postdoctoral studies focus on the implications of CNVs on sensorineural traits. Her hypothesis, that hearing might be affected by CNVs is based on previous studies, wherein, taste and olfactory receptors are shown to be affected by CNVs.
As a CNV expert, aside from structural variation, Dr. Haraksingh also focuses on the functional significance of CNVs. "I try to understand the interplay between different levels of gene expression and gene regulation," she says. "How does the entire set of genomic content work together to create a functioning cell, a functioning system, and ultimately a functioning being?"
When her work began to involve extremely large data sets that required in-depth evaluation, she came across Qiagen's Ingenuity Variant Analysis. This tool made querying the large databases much more manageable for her. Since then, Dr. Haraksingh has been using this application for her postdoc studies to help unravel and identify the disease-causing variation in the human genome.
In an upcoming webinar for Qiagen, Dr. Haraksingh will be speaking about her outlook on the discovery of causal variants in sensorineural hereditary hearing loss and other rare conditions.
At the Rare Genomics Institute, Dr. Haraksingh's team uses a variety of bioinformatics software, including Qiagen's Ingenuity Variant Analysis, along with others donated to Rare Genomics from companies such as Cypher Genomics, Omicia, and Tute Genomics. The team helps interpret the sequenced data obtained from rare disease patients' genomes or exomes. Follow this link to learn more on Dr. Haraksingh's studies on a possible relationship between variations in the human genome and causes of diseases.


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I have stopped blogging here a lot of times and kept on coming back but I can't seem to get back on track. I don't know if it's just lack of inspiration or just pure laziness. Even my youtube account! It has been more than year since I last posted and I really want to do it again, I just don't know how to start. I don't know which step to take first.
I have collected a lot of things to post. I hauled a lot. I have thrown a lot of things. I have done a lot of things. I just can't make myself start sharing what's on my mind again.
I need your help.


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A journal about teaching English near the DMZ in Gangwon-do, South Korea. "Teaching is love."
Wednesday, October 3, 2012
Busan to Seoul on the Mugunghwa Train
The time's passing by quickly. The train's punctual and our car, save for the annoying bursts of "Kakao talk!" messages** for the first 30 minutes, was quiet but standing room only at times. More and more people got on as we got closer to Seoul. We discovered on the way to the lounge car that the train had gone standing room only everywhere. Going through the 3 cars each way proved, as Rochelle put it, "an adventure."
*this is partly true. We couldn't have gotten tickets on the KTX for the Seoul-Busan trip unless we'd gotten help. The return trip had more options for trains though.
**Kakao talk is a messaging program like AIM or Skype. Unless the user turns off the sound or puts the phone on vibrate, a verbal notification sounds every time a message gets received, so those who never turn their phone on silent subject everyone around them to an annoying small child's voice yelling "Kakao!" and "Kakao talk!" Bloody annoying stuff.
-- written en route to Seoul, 2 October 2012.
2 comments:
Hello there. I am planning to take this train to Seoul in Dec this year. Will be glad if u can help me. Can I take the train from Busan Station? If yes, how much would the fare be. This gonna be my first time going to Seoul from Busan so I'm trying to get as much info as I can to save time from getting lost. Tq in advance.ReplyDelete
Hi there! Yes, you can go from Busan Station to Seoul Station with the KTX or the Mugunghwa trains. The fare is:ReplyDelete
57,300 (first class: 80,200)
28,600 for the Mugunghwa
You can book online at http://www.korail.com/index.jsp
You can book as early as 30 days in advance. I've found that KTX tickets go on sale on the Korean site first, so perhaps ask a Korean friend or coteacher.
I hope this helps. Thanks for reading!


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Contact Us
We would be happy to share with you more about our services. Please mail us at firstname.lastname@example.com to set up a meeting.
Virtually Everywhere, Anchored at Bangalore, Mumbai and Dubai.
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Strategy discussion without HR in the room?
To let an entrepreneur lead a strategy discussion and to leave her at making decisions without presence of HR in the room is nothing short of an operational disaster.
In lot of ways entrepreneurs lack insight into what it'll take for normal employee grade humans to pull something through. Entrepreneur's benchmark on people's risk taking, motivation, problem solving, resourcefulness etc is so so far removed from reality. "If I get an idea at 2am, I open my laptop that was anyways lying folded on my belly and start working on it", would say an entrepreneur wondering what's wrong with HR when she insists that people do sleep in various other ways.
Chemists say that the rate of a chemical reaction is determined by the slowest step, team performance is no different. If not the lowest, it would be wise to take average team performance as an important parameter in planning execution velocity. HR is the only person under the roof who has any clue on that and HR is outside the room.
Of course, we keep HR handy though, after all, when strategy meeting is over, someone needs to get the talent in. It's common to put all operational failure under "execution gap" bracket, but we know that's not the case. Failure was the strategy that got agreed upon in that room with no HR.
plugHRapp is a simple tool that offers you a jargon free, all execution HR capacity. Create account and fix on boarding, induction, policy, performance management, eLearning all in a day. Free your HR's bandwidth for more strategic and developmental work, you'd need loads of that.
So fill the execution gap with plugHR app,sign up now


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Solidarity 423
Download pdf or read online.
Download pdf or read online.
The National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts, a free education activist network, writes that the HE reforms "are forcing marketisation on the university sector", which will lead to universities "raising tuition fees, and allowing private providers further access to education provision."
In brief "(the reforms) constitute a wide-ranging assault on the principles of free, liberated, critical education." The main mechanism through which this will be achieved is through a Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF).
A National Education Union (NEU) is likely to be formed by a merger of the National Union of Teachers (NUT) and Association of Teachers and Lecturers (ATL). This merger is a step forwards for school workers organising.
On 8 November, the Dockworkers' Union started industrial action, including a ban on overtime, at the Gothenburg terminal which handles 60% of Sweden's container trade. It has also called for a blockade on traffic redirected from Gothenburg.
After the 5 November meeting of Momentum's National Committee was cancelled by Momentum's Steering Committee (SC), a number of delegates and members decided to meet informally on the same day.
The discussion at this meeting in Birmingham was focussed on proposals to improve Momentum democracy and functioning. Eighteen NC members attended, along with a number of observers. Three members of Momentum Youth and Students also attended, after being mandated to do so by their Steering Committee.
The NHS Bill 16/17 (formerly the NHS reinstatement bill) was due to have its second reading in Parliament on Friday 4 November.
NHS campaigners gathered outside Parliament to support the bill. The bill did not get discussed on that date and the second reading has now been rescheduled to 24 February 2017. The bill was presented to Parliament on 13 July by Labour MPs Rachel Maskell and Margaret Greenwood. The bill would restore the NHS as an accountable public service by reversing 25 years of privatisation and marketisation.
I was broken from the instinctive middle-class Toryism handed down from my parents by reading Marx — Capital, and two paperback books of selections — when I was 14.
There's an argument about decision-making procedures going on in the Labour left group Momentum. What is it about?
Whether decisions, on policy or on who gets on committees, should be taken by votes in meetings, following discussion — or online.
What does Solidarity prefer?
Votes in meetings, following discussion.
What's the advantage of that?
Four Tory Councils are set to take legal action against the expansion of Heathrow Airport. Hillingdon, Richmond, Wandsworth and Windsor and Maidenhead will be joined by Greenpeace in seeking a judicial review of the decision to go ahead with a third runway.
Court action is likely to delay any final decision actually being implemented. For the residents of the area and those who will be most directly affected the words of David Cameron, "No ifs, No buts. No third runway" now ring very hollow.
Between half-term of summer 2016 and Xmas 2016, over half the maths teachers in the London secondary school where I teach will have quit.
The maths department is more stable than most. Our science department, for example, went through almost a Year Zero in 2015, with almost a complete turnover of staff. And our school is probably more stable than most in low-income areas of London.
This website uses cookies, you can find out more and set your preferences here.
By continuing to use this website, you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms & Conditions.


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Ultra Admin Theme brings your WordPress Admin Panel to LIFE.
Along with White Label Branding features, Free Ultra WordPress Admin Theme comes with 30 Awesome Inbuilt themes and gives you an option to Create your own theme. You can also control appearance of Admin Menu, Top Bar, Buttons, Content Boxes, Typography, Forms, Text and background colors, logo and so on…
Ultra WordPress Admin Theme Features
- Customize Admin Top Bar (All links and CSS Styles)
- Customize Footer
- Customize Login Section completly. Inbuilt theme, also create your own.
- Customize Look and Feel to your Branding needs.
- Fully customizable Admin Menu.
- Custom Logo and Favicon for your Own Branding in Admin Panel.
- Rename Menu and Sub Menu items.
- Rearrange/ Reorder Menu and Submenu with Drag and drop interface
- Custom Menu Icons
- Enable / Disable Menu and SubMenu Items
- Custom Logo for Login Page
- Fully customize look and feel with vast range of integrated styling options
- Show / Hide URL links like "Back to Site" and "Forgot Password"
- Integrated Custom Branded Login Theme
- Control colors, opacity, background, fonts etc. of login page.


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Exclusive designer to Michael Jackson for the This Is It residency of fifty sold out concerts at London's O2 Arena starting in July of 2009. From working with Philips Technology to create a more performative, wearable LED for Billie Jean to custom made shoes for each look created by hand in Italy, the custom embroidery and hand-beading to the millions of Swarovski Crystals used in the outfits no detail was overlooked. Many of the images are snapshots taken at the final fitting at LA's Forum Arena before heading to London, and the rest is History.
Directed by Kenny Ortega


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Pool information for the summerCommunity May 31, 2018
ELLIJAY, Ga. – With the heat continuing to rise, citizens are braving the recent rains to cool off in the waters of the county's public pool again.
With the season upon us again and school out for the summer, families are ready to dive back into the pool to beat the heat in any way possible. Those seeking the relaxation are able to visit daily from 12 p.m to 6 p.m. for $3 per person. Lifeguards are on duty during these times as well.
However, for those seeking to take care of their entire summer all at once, a season pass is available for $75 with an additional $25 added for each additional family member on the pass. Or take a day of celebration for $150 to facilitate pool parties.
As a part of the programs offered by the pool, for those looking to relax in the sun while the kids learn to swim, the Recreation and Parks Department facilitates swim lessons for citizens at $75 per week or private lessons at $30 per hour.
Flocking back to the pool is an annual pilgrimage for locals looking to lose some time in the sun. Crowds are already beginning to fill the area earlier in the day as well. For those wanting more information or to make plans for any of the offered programs, visit the Recreation and Parks Department Website or call 706-276-7700.


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Our Voice: Near and far, we're proud of our Mid-Columbia roots
Principal retires
Vickiy Van Beek is retiring after 35 years as an educator. She has worked in all three Tri-City school districts. She has been in the classroom and in the administration office.
It's a long career -- one that has touched many lives.
Kids remember the really good teachers and, unfortunately, the really bad ones long after their school years. As an adult you probably can think of one or two standout influences from your childhood.
One measure of success for a teacher is test scores. But a far more important and lasting measure is the long-term effects and motivation a teacher leaves with a student.
Her legacy will last for years to come, either with her students or with other teachers she has inspired.
Van Beek has earned the respect of students and parents. Now that is saying something.
New chancellor
In the Mid-Columbia, we have educators coming and going. Both are exciting events.
H. Keith Moo-Young is the new chancellor at Washington State University Tri-Cities.
His role in our education process will be much different than teaching third-graders to read, but still vital to the community.
We have a cradle-to-grave educational agenda in the Mid-Columbia. It's never too early or too late to learn.
The editorial board is meeting with Moo-Young later this month and we look forward to getting to know him better. For now let's just say, "Welcome to the Mid-Columbia. Great things await you here!"
Local talent
Keith Ramsay made it to the finals of the televised talent search Showville. He didn't win.
But that just goes to prove something we already knew: Tri-Citians got talent.
Ramsay is a popular magician and ventriloquist at regional events. His family friendly show entertains the old and young. We're not surprised that he was selected for the show.
We're sure that lots of talented folks live in places other than Los Angeles or New York City. Ramsay confirms that theory.
Tony nominee
One talented former Bomber, however, actually does live in New York -- and performs on Broadway. Congratulations to Santino Fontana for his success on Broadway.
He was nominated for Best Actor in a Musical for his performance as the Prince in Cinderella.
Even without winning the award, we're impressed.
Good Samaritan
Sometimes people are hesitant to get involved. But we're grateful to the passers-by who rescued a Kennewick woman from her burning car on Interstate 84 this week.
And went the extra mile to do so.
One man broke out the window and cut a seat belt to free the unconscious driver. Others helped roll the car over.
It seems like more and more people are brave enough to hurl insults at each other on the internet behind the anonymity of an assumed name.
But it takes real courage to rush toward a burning vehicle.


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id Software technical guy John Carmack says it's unlikely the studio will come out with a new IP in the next decade because it already has more franchises than it knows what to do with.
When you think of id, three games immediately leap to mind: Doom, Quake and Wolfenstein. Good reason for that: Those are the only three games the developer has made since 1992. It's not exactly a runaway stampede of franchises but for Carmack and company, it's enough.
"We do already have more IPs than we can exploit," the legendary programmer said in the latest issue of Official PlayStation Magazine. "I doubt we're going to do another IP. It's scary to say it, but maybe not in the next decade even, because we want to support Wolfenstein, Doom and Quake - and hopefully we can add Rage onto that - and I don't want five teams here. Three is scary enough."
"Obviously if Rage is a success then we'll want to do a Rage 2," he said. "If people love it, you want to give them more of it."
Committing to doing nothing new in the next ten years might come across as a bit odd but id seems to have done pretty well with its strategic decisions so far, so if Carmack thinks this is the way to go, I'm willing to roll with it. Besides, it's not as though new IP from id is really "new" in any meaningful sense. Quake and Doom are just about indistinguishable at this point and Wolfenstein is really just Quake (or Doom) with the Strogg dressed as Nazis. Rage looks cool but I think anyone hoping for much more than a post-apocalyptic Quake (or Doom, or Wolfenstein) is probably in for disappointment. So, no new IP for the next decade? I think that'll be okay.
Rage is currently expected to come out next year for the PC, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. Doom 4 is in the works too, but no release schedule has been announced.
Source: CVG


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Your rights and reasonable expectations as a parent or carer are covered under various laws and government policies, explained throughout Learning Together. Key areas are summarised below.
On this page:
- Confidentiality and privacy
- Consultation
- Support in meetings with the school
- An interpreter if you need one
- When applying for funding
- No additional costs required
This page gives an overview of the main legal protections for your rights as a parent or carer in the Victorian school system. Visit the section Tools and resources to find pages that summarise and link to all of the key relevant government policies and guides.
Confidentiality and privacy
Various Victorian laws protect your right to confidentiality, and the privacy of your child's and your family's information at school and in dealing with DET and service providers.
Sometimes staff at DET, your child's school, an assessment service, therapist or other health services might need to collect personal information about you and your child, including about their health status or disability. They are required to store this information securely and keep it confidential.
Families often find it very helpful when schools or service providers are able to share information with other services about their child's diagnosis or needs, and even work together directly. However, privacy laws mean that schools and services must always seek your permission before sharing any such information about your child or family.
"I had to go on this fact-finding journey, and contact the Association for Children with a Disability and speak to the lovely lady that helped me through. She gave me the websites, she gave me things that I could sit and read, to ensure that we knew what our rights were with regards to education, and what Xavier's entitled to.
There's a lot of those things that I didn't really quite understand. So to be given that information, it's really empowering.
She helped me draft emails and letters. I would pass them by her, and I would say – does this sound right, or can I change anything? You don't want to bully people, but you want to inform them. And you want to ensure that they know, that you know what's you're talking about. And so I was able to be a little bit more articulate around that. And then so my confidence grew with that.
She also supported me at a couple of those meetings. Like, she sat next to me, and she said, 'Cristel, if you need a moment, just excuse yourself for a moment. Get up and walk out, and if you need to recompose yourself do those things. Because it actually gives not just you a moment to reflect, it gives the people in the room a moment to reflect on – what are we really here for. This is a student support group meeting. Let's support this student to move forward in their education.'
She gave me knowledge. She gave me confidence. And she made me feel as though I wasn't the crazy one! For want of a better term. Because I really thought – is what I'm asking for unreasonable?" Christel
The Commonwealth Disability Standards for Education state that schools should consult with you and your child about your child's disability, how it affects your child's ability to actively engage in their school's learning programs, and what 'reasonable adjustments' are needed to ensure your child's participation.
Under DET policy, the main way this occurs is through your child's Student Support Group, or SSG, of which you are a key member. Student Support Groups are compulsory for students with PSD funding, and are highly recommended for all students with additional needs. As a parent or caregiver, you can request additional SSG meetings, and bring issues to the group for discussion. Your child can also participate if you and they wish. The equivalent group meetings in the Catholic and independent school sectors are sometimes called Program Support Meetings.
Support in meetings with the school
Under DET policy, you have the right to bring an advocate to Student Support Group meetings with you. They can be a friend, family member or a trained advocacy worker, like a member of the ACD Support Team. They cannot be someone whom you are paying to represent you, like a lawyer. Their role can include: supporting you to share your knowledge and views, helping you understand the process, and supporting the development of a positive working relationship between you and the school. Sometimes a therapist or case manager working with your child and family might help, by advocating for your child in meetings at school.
- Find out more about how an advocate can help
- Contacts for support and advocacy organizations
An interpreter if you need one
You can request an interpreter if you want one, whichever type of school you are in. The school is required to provide an interpreter for every important meeting about your child, if you need one. Even if you speak English quite confidently, you might prefer to have an interpreter when discussing complex issues to do with your child's disability and their education. Let the school know ahead of time if you require an interpreter for a meeting – it can take a week or more to organise. Schools can also use the Telephone Interpreter Service for other communication with you.
When applying for funding
If your child's school is applying for additional resources to support your child under the Program for Students with Disabilities (PSD), DET is expected to respect your privacy and confidentiality as outlined above. As stated in the PSD Guidelines Handbook, (you can download the latest copy from the DET website) you can also expect DET to provide 'clear and concise' materials to support your child's application, meet the deadlines listed in the Handbook, and respond to any queries in a timely manner.
No additional costs required
The law and government policy requires that 'instruction in the standard curriculum' be provided free in all Victorian government schools, and that the costs are not passed on to families. Schools can request voluntary contributions from families under three categories: essential educational items, optional extras, and voluntary parent payments.
In addition, Victorian law states that families of a student with a disability should not be required to contribute to the provision of additional support for their child's education because of their disability. Some schools are open to families offering to fund more resources for their child in school, but this must never be asked or required of you.


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Professor Ian Stevenson, an emperor in parapsychology
Professor Ian Stevenson who was a pioneer in research into children
remembering previous lives, passed away peacefully on 8th February 2007 at
Charlottesville in Virginia due to bronchopneumonia. Dr Ian Pretyman
Stevenson was born on 31st October 1918 in Montreal. His father, Mr John
Stevenson was initially a Scottish lawyer but later turned out to be a
journalist and worked as the Canadian representative of New York Times.
His mother Ruth Stevenson was interested in Theosophy and had a huge
collection of books on the subject, which was a source of inspiration for
young Ian to get interested in psychical studies in his later life.
Dr Stevenson joined the St Andrews university in Scotland to study
medicine and had to transfer his studies to Canada due to the breaking of
the second world war .He graduated from McGill University in medicine in
1943 and later migrated to USA. After doing internal medicine he changed
his career to psychiatry when he trained as a psychoanalyst. Soon he
declared his loss of confidence in psychoanalysis and even refereed to
Freud as a "proverbial naked emperor". Inspired by meeting Aldous Huxley,
the 50s Stevenson studied the medical effects of LSD.In 1967, Stevenson
was appointed as the Director of the division of personality studies and
for a period was the head of the department of psychiatry in the
university of Virginia.
Dr Stevenson published a detailed essay on children remembering
previous lives in 1960, which caught the attention of Chester Carlson, the
inventor of the Photostat machine who financed his researches as Carlson
himself believed that he got the inspiration for his invention
paranormally. Stevenson travelled an average of 55000 miles every year. It
was not an arm chair research but literally a 'shoe leather research'.
Travelling across the east and west, he has been living as a world citizen
for the last forty years and collected nearly 3000 reincarnation type
cases from different parts of the world. Most of his research was
conducted with children who appeared to recall a past life. Typically, the
child starts talking about a previous existence as soon as he or she can
speak, and memories fade by the age of eight with a few exceptions. Most
of these cases have the following pattern.
A child, usually at the age of two or three, begins talking
persistently of things, places and people about which the parents are
thoroughly ignorant. The child may even behave quite differently from his
brothers or sisters. This will appear very strange in terms of the
circumstances of his upbringing. Finally, the child himself may relate all
this to a previous life he claims to remember having led, sometimes in
neighbouring places or in a distant place. This is very trying for the
parents who along with friends of the family start make enquires about
persons presumed to be dead to whom the child's statements might apply.
Finally, they find the family that appears to be the basis of the
statements. Once contact is made with this new family, they get additional
information. Some of this information verifies and some contradicts the
child's statements. At the end of the inquiry, the child may be taken to
the family he claims was his original family. This family may belong to a
superior or inferior social strata. As time goes on, both the families
make arrangements for a reunion. The child takes his parents and others
through complicated streets and alleys. He may show somnambulistic
precision. He leads the group directly to the place where he claims to
have lived or worked in his former life. He then greets various persons
who have come to witness this reunion. He calls them by their name and
behaves appropriately. The child's likes and dislikes special idiomatic
phrases; nicknames and names for objects in his previous life are
recollected. All these cases have some common ingredients. There are
repeated statements of a young child's identification with an earlier
person. These children who remember lost lives present information about
this person in the form of memories or people known to him. They request
to return to their previous homes and present familiar behaviour in the
apparently strange environment. They address the alleged relatives with
appropriate emotional responses. Most of these memories vanish between the
ages of seven and nine. All these could suggest some continuity of
personality hidden in the subliminal self.
There is always the chance of fraud in such cases. The parents of
some of these child have been alleged to make money out of him. They
train him to enact the drama of reincarnation. But in the most
historical cases, there is sufficient evidence to rule out fraud. There is
also the possibility of unconscious fraud. The child may be referring to
someone he read or heard about, identifying himself with this person.
The parents may have unconsciously added more to the tale as they retold
it. Jurgen Keil refer to these types of cases as normal information
transfer and unintentional information transfer.
Psychologists now understand something which is referred to as racial
memory. But this idea can not account for the apparent memories of formal
lives. These children are almost never descendants of the individuals they
claim to be. They usually belong to another family in another town.
The child may have received his information about his life through
extrasensory perception. Relatives still mourning the deceased might
unconsciously be sending thoughts which are picked telepathically by the
youngsters. The observation that these children do not show any unusual
paranormal ability in other situations is a counter argument against
telepathic hypothesis.
Prof . Chari advocated the spiritistic interpretation to explain
previous life memories which postulate that these children are influenced
by discarnate spirits from a non physical realm whose past lives events
are transmitted to them if that was the case, then the children would have
be influenced by several deceased personalities and the subjects would not
have been able to stick to one previous life narration alone. It can also
be argued that if previous life memories are spritistic in origin, more
than one child would be claiming the identity of a single discarnate
personality and this has not happened.
The apparent memories for the most of the subjects became conscious
during a normal state of consciousness. Some mediums who have had
experiences with communication from ostensibly discarnate personalities
and also apparent memories of former incarnations claim to distinguish
between these kinds of experiences. In mediumistic experiences, the
communicators do not confine their information to one person. With these
arguments, Dr. Stevenson rules out the possibility of communication from
surviving personality . He also argues against the hypothesis of
possession because no transformation of personality occurs in these cases.
The average interval between death and rebirth in the published cases
of Stevenson is two years even though there are reports of trans-century
cases of reincarnation. Most of the reincarnations take place in the same
geographical area but there are also international cases. The social
circumstances are variable and do not follow a set pattern "Dejavu,"
hypnotic past life regression, flashbacks occurring in drug induced mental
states and recurrent dreams starting form childhood, offer other probable
but weaker evidences for reincarnation. Dr Stevenson is sceptical about
the research usefulness of hypnotic past life regression, but gives some
credit to past life regression with responsive Zenoglossy where the
subject is capable of to and for communication in a foreign language .
One of the remarkable observations he made was that in a high proportion
of the cases, the child would have a birthmark or birth defect, which
appeared to correlate a significant event in the previous life that they
were apparently recalling. The cognitive and behavioural memories
associated with the birthmarks and birth defects corresponding to the
wounds of the deceased person whose life the subjects of such cases claim
to remember are probably strong evidences to suspend the disbelief in the
idea of reincarnation which may have explanatory value in medicine and
The present tendency among medical scientists to use genetics and
environmental influences to explain human behaviour and several of the
medical conditions is under attack from parapsychology. Psychiatric
disorder need particular mention in this respect. In general psychiatric
disorders have no objective indicators and their investigations contain
potential errors when adhered closely to genetic theories. The present
tendency among medical scientists to use genetics and environmental
influences to explain human behaviour and several of the medical
conditions is under attack from parapsychology. Psychiatric disorder need
particular mention in this respect. In general psychiatric disorders have
no objective indicators and their investigations contain potential errors
when adhered closely to genetic theories. The idea of reincarnation offer
supplementary knowledge without replacing the knowledge gained through
studies of genetics and environmental influences. Parapsychology is not
an adversary of medical sciences but offer a third or extra explanation to
solve some of the puzzles in psychology, and medicine.
In a Burmese case I found a person who suffered nocturnal enuresis
carried on to adulthood, had behavioural memories corresponding to a
person who died of prostatic problems with incontinence. The idea of
reincarnation may have value in explaining hypochondriasis of childhood.
Certain delusional ideas may have its psychodynamics in the experiences of
previous life. A patient who believes he is a particular King may simply
have had a previous life at the reign of that King and had a strong
veneration for him. The medical and psychiatric implications of
reincarnation make the concept 'clinical reincarnation' justifiable.
Some subjects of reincarnation type cases have surprised their elders
by demanding an intoxicant such as alcohol, tobacco or cannabis. They
remembered previous lives in which they abused these substances when the
current family members disapproved the use of such intoxicants.
To use a musical metaphor, temperament is the ground base above which
various melodies are played. It has three aspects. One is the general
level of physical activity. Second is the persistence with which one
pursues some undertaking despite interruptions. Another dimension refers
to the irritability; the threshold to bear frustrations. Even infants
differ in their temperament. Similarities in temperament have been
observed in a subject and in the person whose life the subject claimed to
Some subjects of reincarnation show a phobia before they have learned
to speak and can explain it. Phobias may occur in subjects who have no
imaged memories. Most of the phobias of these cases are associated with
the instrument of the previous personality's death. Suleyman Zeytuan, a
Turkish case was afraid of water in general, as he remembered the previous
life of a man who had drowned.
Parental influence is recognised as a modulating factor in the
personality development of a child and impairment in child parent
relationship is thought to be contributing to the development of
psychiatric illness. Certain children behave differently right from birth
towards their parents and respond inappropriately to parental gestures of
affection. Environmentalists and geneticians put the blame to events in
gestation and faulty genes. Reincarnationists go further back to the
origin of impaired child parent relationship that might lead to
psychiatric conditions in adult life.
Some subjects of reincarnation type cases have expressed sexual
interest in the wife, mistress or girlfriend of the previous personality
even as young children. A few others have made precocious sexual advances
to the members of the opposite sex who resembled the partners of previous
lives. Freud described a latent period of sexual development.
Interestingly, the age of its beginning coincides with the usual age of
forgetting previous lives. Freud was probably having a glimpse of some
larger truth.
In cases of 'sex change type of reincarnation' child remembers
previous life as a person of the opposite sex of the claimed previous
lives. They cross-dress, play the games of the opposite sex. They may also
demonstrate attitudes, characteristic of that sex. But the child outgrows
the attachment to the sex and habits of the previous life. Yet, a few of
these children remain fixed to the sex of previous life. One of the cases
of Dr. Stevenson has become a practising homosexual. The good news is that
majority of the cases of cross sex reincarnation do not become homosexual
and so one could argue that homosexuality is also a chosen behaviour, even
though the predisposition may be psychological or biological and
The assumption that a personality who is going to reincarnate may
impose on a pregnant women some of his appetites and attitudes may explain
the picca of pregnancy and psychological changes women may experience in
pregnancy. Carrying over internal diseases from previous lives to the
present one is also observed in the case studies of Ian Stevenson. Twins
are of particular interest to the reincarnationists. Genetics explain the
similarities between monozygotic twins, but reincarnation could explain
the dissimilarities between them. Reincarnation may also be considered as
one of the factors causing genetic mutation and so molecular biologist can
not ignore the subject.
It is interesting to note that reincarnation research has a royal
origin. The Mughal emperor Akbar was the first person to investigate a
case of child remembering previous life. The emperor had many successors
to follow his studies. Dr Ian Stevenson's investigatory studies have
become a benchmark in this challenging research field. His credentials
were impeccable.
Dr Stevenson is the author of 200 papers and nine books.
Stevenson's interests spread to apparitions, telepathic impressions,
poltergeists, and mediumship, near death experiences and nearing death
observations. His earlier publications included two books in psychiatric
interviewing and diagnosis, which gave me great appreciation for Stevenson
in my medical school days. Even his staunch critics have respect for his
scientific methodology and scientific honesty. Stevenson had a towering
personality. He gave due respect to the sensitive concepts of
reincarnation cherished by the faith traditions. His book, "Reincarnation
and Biology" is a classic book in parapsychology. Obviously he has
challenged the reductionist medical model of mind. For the last thirty
years Stevenson was ruling the empire of parapsychology.
Dr Satwant Pasricha , professor in the psychology department of
NIMHANS, who was a protégé of I.S. has independently studied several
reincarnation cases and occludes that we have sufficient evidences to
believe in reincarnation, but science insists on full evidences. Science
is not all about consensus of opinion, but measurability and repeatability
are the criteria of science.Science is all about reliable knowledge.
Stevenson has given more insight into the age-old concept of
retributive karma and modified it as developmental karma or even as
collective karma. He highlighted the sufferings involved in returning to
the terrestrial life. Probably the concept of " clinical reincarnation" is
his great contribution to medical sciences. He was inclined tobelieve in
accidental reincarnation. This goes well with the concept of reincarnation
in ancient vedas which state that 'Those who leave the world in darkness
return, and those who leave in light never return' (Bhagavad Gita). To
think karma is fatal is negative philosophy. Dr Venkoba Rao has attempted
to explain karma differently using the analogy of the archer with the bows
and arrows. The archer has no control on the arrows that have been already
discharged, but has control on the arrows set on the bow ready to be
discharged and the ones in the quiver: human beings have control over most
of their actions and only a few are predetermined in a previous life. He
did not find any evidence for transmigration to and from the animal
kingdom and has left enough room to accommodate
other forms and belief systems of post mortem existence.
Stevenson was considered as the Copernicus of this century by
hisadmirers. Telepathy from the living agents and spiritistic
interpretation are the two salient alternative paranormal interpretations
that are yet to be answered before reincarnation is accepted as a
scientific reality, but Stevenson has made the idea of reincarnation a
respectable research topic and a scientific idea. Unquestionably, I.S.
was one of the top ranking intellectual giants of this century.
It was always hurtful for Dr Stevenson to note that his critics did
not bother even to look into the evidence he gathered so painstakingly
over the years, like Galileo's critics who refused to look through his
telescope, or Edison's when he demonstrated the phonograph and the
scientific community commented that he had concealed a
ventriloquist underneath the table. Dr Stevenson stated that any new idea
is a disturbance to the tranquillity of the mind, and scientists are no
Dr Stevenson believed in an evolving God and that we are all the
participants of his grand experiments. He did not want his rudimentary
research to be associated with any religion. Asked about the usefulness of
eliciting previous life memories artificially, he quoted from Jesus and
stated 'To paraphrase from Jesus Christ, sufficient unto one life is the
evil thereof'.
I had thirty years of postal correspondence with Stevenson and his
papers on apparitions have been highly helpful for my studies of Marian
apparitional experiences, but Stevenson always admitted his ignorance on
Mary's appearances, and was humble enough not to comment on their
authenticity.Lack of deeper understanding of the subjects' culture he
investigated is one of the arguments against his investigations.
Stevenson wrote to me once, 'My aim has never been to prove reincarnation,
but only to find and report whatever evidence there is that makes it seem
possible'. Only time will tell whether Stevenson had made any Freudian
Dr Stevenson retired in 2002, leaving his works to successors led by
Dr Bruce Greyson and Dr Jim Tucker. Dr Stevenson suffered from bronchial
defects right from childhood and he always wondered whether it was the
continuation from a previous life, and also believed in the probaibility
that the cause of one's death may be predetermined in a previous life.
Predeceased by his first wife, Octavia, he leaves a second wife, Margaret.
Competing interests:
None declared
Competing interests: No competing interests


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In early January when the Hit-Girl centric red-ban trailer hit, Kick-Ass became one of my most anticipated movies all year. From the onset the idea of the move hit's upon primal feelings that all superhero geeks dream about. The question, Why Can't I Become a Superhero? Normally this question is answered pretty quickly. You can't fly, you don't super strength, inhuman speed, or healing abilities. This conversation always leads back to the same few examples; what about Batman, Nightwing, Nick Fury, The Green Arrow? Each of these are at the very least self made men, they got where they are via hard work, endless training, bottomless bank account, and last but not least extraordinary talent. The one thing that hold sets all of these characters apart from you and me is the fact that each and every one of them is a psychopath. They're unhinged. This is the real reason superheroes don't exist. You'd be bat-shit insane to actually do it. This is what Kick Ass truly examines.
Dave, the protagonist, is your normal Peter Parker type character. He's a invisible to everyone but his friends. He's had a tragically normal and boring life, and he's a comic geek who's always wanted to be a hero. As the narrator of the story he openly admits his obsession with becoming a superhero borders on the psychotic. His biggest problem in being a hero is that he has absolutely no skill whatsoever. He's horrible, and he never get's better. There was an 80's movie geek inside of me praying for a training montage, or something. Alas it never came. His is not without "Superpowers" though. His first outing as a hero ends fairly badly; the injures from which he get's a sturdier frame and a high pain tolerance. This never, of course helps him because his absolutely sucks. This for me was one of the most painful part. The whole move you're wondering when this will turn around, and it never does. Failure it seems to also be a big theme.
Big Daddy is the best example of pure insanity in the film. He's exactly what a "real" Batman would actually be like. Lets face it. Batman would not be a normal human being. He couldn't be. He'd be completely insane. In the later years of the comic this has been examined quite a bit more. Big Daddy is exactly the same. Forged in tragedy and seeking vengeance, he vows to rebuild himself to defeat those who destroyed his life. The only real difference his he has no qualms about Murder, Death, Killing any criminal that get's in his way. An additional twist to the Big Daddy vs Batman is where the money comes from. Unlike Bats, Big Daddy steals most of his cash from the Criminals and Dealers his kills. Nick Cage does a great job of playing BD. He's of course Nick Cage so there isn't a whole lot of range, but there is no doubt that Cage captured who BD was suppose to be. Insane and funny. With Cage, when he's being funny, you always have to wonder whether he actually intends to be funny/campy or if he's completely oblivious to it (see: Wickerman), In this case though it is intended and played up for masterful effect.
Vengeance isn't Big Daddy's only responsibility. Filling the "Robin" role is Hit Girl. Big Daddy's 12 year-old daughter. She is by far the most controversial character in the film, and probably the only real reason to see it. Again, if Batman were real she's exactly what his ward would be like. Forged in the same vengeance, and a complete audience to the formers psychosis. Trained for years and brainwashed into believing that their way was the only way, this in and of itself is tragic. What about childhood? This question is almost never asked of Batman and Robin. It's just assumed that Batman's wards get all they ever wanted or needed, including revenge against those who wronged them. The question of a lost childhood is asked in this film. Big Daddy is all too aware that what he had done to his child. From his perspective of course training her to kill and enjoy killing was so that she could be strong, and never allow what happened to her mother happen to her (Suicide). In the end he was did the right thing, as she is the only one who actually has the strength of will to do the right thing. Yes she kills without abandon, yes she cusses like a Sailor, and yes is it is mildly uncomfortable seeing all this out of a 12 year-old girl. Her awesomeness quickly outshines this, and IF they make this into a franchise like Wolverine to the X-Men she'll be the headliner.
My overall impression of the movie was mixed. It was one of those situations where the awesomeness had a very short half-life. The further away I get from walking out of the theater I realize more and more that the movie was really lacking in many ways. Again, for me at least, the fact that Kick Ass himself never quick sucking really puts a damper on the whole film. He's suppose to be our underdog hero, and he never steps up. He didn't add anything. They could have cut his character out completely and given us two hours of Big Daddy and Hit Girl and I'd have been happy as a clam. So the other problem is that with too much Kick Ass, there was too little Hit Girl. She only really had two big scenes, which was far too little for the breakout star. The ending does seem to set this up for a sequel, but I have no idea why they'd do one. The story does wrap up nicely, where would they go? Would Kick Ass actually get better? If he does what was the entire point of the first movie. So if anyone at Lionsgate is taking suggestions... Drop Kick Ass and make it about Hit Girl and Hit Girl only, and for the love of god don't make it about Hit Girl getting her first kiss...