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A brief history of non-state actors' pursuit and use of weapons of mass destruction
By Kjølv Egeland
Super-villains armed with a weapon of mass destruction is the stuff of countless on-screen thrillers. But the prospect of non-state actors armed with such weapons is far from fantasy. Chemical and biological weapons have been used by terrorist organizations on several occasions, sometimes to devastating effects. Terrorists have been unsuccessful in their attempts at acquiring nuclear weapons, but not for a lack of trying. In this paper I examine the history of non-state actors' pursuit and use of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs).
|Background Paper No 16/2015
|Published: June 2015
The term "weapon of mass destruction" was coined by the Archbishop of Canterbury in reference to the horrors of the Spanish Civil War and Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1937. The German Luftwaffe's aerial bombardment of the Spanish town of Guernica, as a result of which hundreds of civilians are believed to have lost their ftonfves, had occurred just days before the sermon in which the Archbishop used the term for the first time.[1] "Who can think without horror of what another widespread war would mean", Archbishop Lang asked, "waged as it would be with all the new weapons of mass destruction?"[2] More than actual weapons of mass destruction, the Archbishop was referring to new weapons platforms and military techniques such as the bomber plane and aerial bombardment. In more recent times the term was brought to the public attention through the American authorities' extensive use of the term in reference to Saddam Hussein's alleged stockpiles of chemical, biological, and maybe even nuclear weapons in advance of the 2003 US led invasion of Iraq.
Terrorists have been unsuccessful in their attempts at acquiring nuclear weapons, but not for a lack of trying
There is no authoritative definition of WMDs, and there is some disagreement over which weapons the label does and does not cover. The term has increasingly come to be conflated with the term "unconventional weapon" (a term that is itself subject to similar limitations), and is now usually, including in this paper, taken to cover biological, chemical, nuclear, and radiological weapons.[3] A common denominator of these weapons is that they cause sickness and disease in addition to injury.
Why worry?
"There are no right hands for wrong weapons", the United Nations Secretary General said in 2013.[4] This may be true, but some hands may be worse than others, and in international discussions and policy documents, terrorist organizations are typically regarded as a particularly worrisome threat. Many terrorist organizations profess millenarian or eschatological ideologies that lend themselves well to the idea of mass destruction. Non-state actors' use and pursuit of WMD has sometimes been motivated by desires to bring on the apocalypse, malahim, or some other end-of-time narrative.[5]
Weapons of mass destruction are ideal tools for [terrorists], first, because of their physical effects, and second, because Wmds bring with them an added layer of fear.
According to standard dictionary definitions, terrorism amounts to systematic "use of violence to create a general climate of fear in a population and thereby to bring about a particular political objective"[6] or the "unofficial or unauthorized use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims."[7] Weapons of mass destruction are ideal tools for such aims, first, because of their physical effects, and second, because WMDs bring with them an added layer of fear.[8] To the extent that their vocation is "to create a general climate of fear in a population", terrorist organizations therefore have a rational interest in giving the impression that they have or are in the process of acquiring WMDs, even if they are not. Out of the 125.087 terror attacks that, according to the Global Terrorism Database occurred worldwide between 1970 and 2013 only a small handful was conducted by means of WMDs.[9]
Due to the increase in wars involving non-state actors, the prospect of proliferation of WMDs to non-state actors has received increased attention in recent years. For example, proliferation concerns feature prominently in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) latest Strategic Concept,[10] and according to US President Barack Obama, nuclear terrorism represents "the most immediate and extreme threat to global security."[11] As an international measure to curb proliferation of WMDs, UN Security Council resolution 1540 was adopted in 2004. The Resolution obliges all UN member states to adopt legislation to prevent the proliferation of WMDs.[12] UNSCR 1540 is far from a silver bullet for non-proliferation, however. Large geographical areas remain outside the effective control of the Resolution's scope. In the following I discuss the history of non-state actors use and pursuit of each of the four classes of WMDs.
Nuclear weapons
The United States' nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 remain the only cases of nuclear attacks to date. While nine states retain nuclear weapons, and five states host weapons of another state on their territories, non-state actors have so far been unsuccessful in their pursuit of nuclear weapons capability. Most recently, the Islamic State aired the idea of procuring nuclear weapons through corrupt Pakistani officials.[13] The probability of executing such a transaction successfully should be viewed as very low, but as long as there are nuclear weapons in the world, the possibility cannot be excluded.
In 1998, stories from multiple sources surfaced about Osama bin Laden, the founder of the militant, Islamist organization al-Qaeda, trying to acquire nuclear weapons. Bin Laden had claimed that acquiring weapons of mass destruction was an "Islamic duty", and an integral part of his holy war.[14] In a video statement some years later, he promised to "use massive weapons to upend the global status quo, destroy the capitalist hegemony, and help create an Islamic caliphate."[15] Osama bin Laden's quest to acquire nuclear arms allegedly dates back to 1993, when he tried to procure highly enriched uranium of South African origin. The al Qaeda leader allegedly also tried to acquire a ready-made nuclear weapon supposedly stolen from Russian stockpiles by Chechen separatists.[16] Indeed, some nuclear warheads, notably from the former Soviet Union, have reportedly gone missing. In January 2001, commenting on the possibility of "loose nukes", a US official noted that "it really boggles my mind [… that] the world isn't in a near state of hysteria about the danger."[17]
On 8 November 2007, a group of armed men attacked the Pelindaba nuclear facility in South Africa, where several hundred kilograms of weapons-grade uranium was stored.[18] Few details about both the attack and the attackers have been disclosed, but it is reasonable to conclude that the attackers either wanted to use the uranium for weapons purposes themselves, or to sell it to others who wanted it for those purposes.
Another route by which non-state actors might go about acquiring a nuclear weapon would be to steal a finished object. The nuclear weapons facilities in Pakistan are often considered among the least secure. There is not much publically available information about Pakistan's nuclear facilities, but according to most experts, there is cause for concern. For example, terrorists could attack a nuclear weapons facility—potentially helped by insiders—and attempt to explode one or more warheads where they are. According to Mark Fitzpatrick,
Pakistan has both the world's fastest growing nuclear arsenal, and the largest concentration of groups bent on acts of terrorism. Growing fundamentalism, ethnic violence, weak political institutions and a fragile economy combine to raise questions about the very security of the state and thus the security of its nuclear crown jewels. [19]
The Pakistani government, on its side, insists that its security arrangements are "fool proof".[20]
Acquiring sophisticated delivery platforms like missiles, planes, or submarines would not be necessary to conduct a terrorist attack. Conceivably, a nuclear bomb could be transported and detonated in a large truck or container. "Suitcase nukes" or "mini-nukes" have been suggested as another viable alternative. Manufacturing nuclear weapons of such a small size is technically very difficult, however, which arguably makes their acquisition more difficult. Only Russia and the United States are believed to have developed such weapons.[21]
In 2005, a large group of proliferation experts in the United States were surveyed on their assessment of the probability of a terrorist nuclear attack occurring in the United States within ten years. 40 of 82 experts believed the probability was higher than 50 per cent.[22] We are now on overtime.
Chemical weapons
Chemical weapons and biological weapons are easier to manufacture than nuclear weapons, and unlike their nuclear counterparts, both biological and particularly chemical weapons have been used on several occasions to devastating effects. Chemical weapons are "toxic synthetic chemicals that can be dispersed as a gas, liquid or aerosol or as agents absorbed to particles to become a powder."[23] Modern chemical weapons are typically delivered by means of a missile or gravity bomb. They may be grouped in a variety of ways, according to class of compound, effects on humans, and lethality.[24] Developing modern chemical weapons is fairly resource demanding, and manufacture of the most dangerous gases, such as sarin, requires specialized equipment and know-how.[25]
The infamous German gas attack on 22 April 1915 at Ypres is often counted as the first chemical weapons attack. Since then, chemical warfare agents have been used on many occasions,[26] including by non-state actors.
In 1995, the Japanese cult Aum Shinrikyo used sarin gas in a terrorist attack on the Tokyo subway. 13 people were killed, and over 6000 injured. The attacks and the cult itself demonstrated the draw of WMDs. According to Robert Lifton,
It began with Hiroshima-associated terrors and nightmares of world's end, proceeded to an embrace of weapons of mass destruction and an all-pervasive nuclearism that included omnipotent fantasises of dominating and destroying the world, led to the actual production of various versions of 'the poor man's atomic bomb'.[27]
Aum Shinrikyo's manufacturing site, a fairly sophisticated laboratory, had the capability of producing thousands of kilograms of sarin gas per year. It was later disclosed that Aum had killed eight more people with the same gas the year before.[28]
Al-Qaeda allegedly had—and may still have—an advanced chemical weapons programme. According to the former CIA analyst Rolf Mowatt-Larsen, "experimentation and training in crude chemical agents and pathogens was standard fare in al Qaeda's camps in Afghanistan before 9/11, their use in attacks appears to have been left to the initiative of individual cells and planners".[29]
In Afghanistan, the Taliban has used chemical weapons on numerous occasions, particularly against schoolgirls. Fairly unsophisticated pesticides have allegedly been used, as well as the more potent nerve agent sarin.[30] In Iraq as well, insurgents have employed chemical weapons. Between 2006 and 2007, the Islamic State of Iraq—the organization IS originated from[31]—was responsible for multiple terrorist attacks in a series of locations across central Iraq using chlorine gas mixed with explosives.[32] The total death toll of these attacks was very high, but most casualties are believed to have resulted from the explosive blasts and not the chemicals.[33] These more crude chemical weapons, which are the easiest ones to manufacture, are not nearly as dangerous as the more sophisticated ones. In May 2013, Iraqi authorities uncovered an Islamic State of Iraq chemical weapons manufacturing site, and a plot to smuggle chemical weapons to Europe and North America. The Iraqi police also found a set of toy remote-controlled planes—supposedly intended as platforms for the distribution of the chemical agents.[34] As well as the regime forces, which were revealed to have used chemical weapons in the Syrian Civil War, the al-Qaeda linked group Jabhat al-Nusra is also believed to have used sarin gas in the Syrian Civil War.[35] On 19 March 2013, a rocket loaded with an unidentified chemical agent struck a military pose near Aleppo. At least 25 people were killed, of whom at least nine were civilians.[36]
The iraqi police also found a set of toy remote-controlled planes—supposedly intended as platforms for the distribution of the chemical agents
In June 2014, in the process of conquering parts of northern Iraq, IS took control of the al-Muthanna project site, a chemical weapons factory established by the Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein in the 1980s. Until its operational capacity was almost completely destroyed by US forces during Operation Desert Storm in 1991, the al-Muthanna site was Saddam Hussein's largest chemical weapons facility, and the origins of the chemical weapons used by Iraqi forces in the Iraq–Iran War, including against Kurdish civilians in the Halabja Massacre. At the time of IS' takeover, al Muthanna had not been in operation since Desert Storm. However, the stockpiles of chemical weapons had not been completely dismantled. The site hosted large quantities of both sarin and mustard gas. According to a UN report, one of the bunkers in al Muthanna contained "2,000 empty 155mm artillery shells contaminated with the chemical warfare agent mustard, 605 one-tonne mustard containers with residues, and heavily contaminated construction material."[37]
Chemical weapons are generally quite "spoilable", but some chemicals last longer than others. According to one commentator, the sarin agents stored in al-Muthanna will probably have lost their toxicity and be useless for weapons purposes. However, "the mustard agent will still be viable".[38] Potent mustard agents were allegedly found at Halabja in Kurdistan 26 years after use. Chemical weapons could be used by IS in regular combat operations or in a terrorist attack. According to accounts from the Kurdish areas in northern Iraq, this has already happened. Reports from 2014 indicate that IS used a blister agent—possibly mustard gas recovered from al Muthanna—against the Kurds in Kobani.[39]
On 23 January 2015, Abu Malik, one of IS' chemical weapons experts, was killed in a coalition airstrike near Mosul, Iraq, in order to "degrade and disrupt" IS' ability to produce and use chemical weapons. Malik had been a chemical weapons engineer under Saddam Hussein before joining al-Qaeda and then IS. According to the BBC, "there have been frequent reports of IS using chlorine gas" in Syria and Iraq.[40]
Biological weapons
Biological weapons are pathogens (bacteria, virus, toxins, or fungi) used with the aim to inflict harm to humans. Throughout the ages, infectious disease has probably been the most common cause of human death,[41] and the potential of biological weapons to cause mass suffering has been deemed very high. The Black Death of the 14th century, probably the most disastrous pandemic in history, killed up to 60 per cent of the population of Europe.[42]
The history of biological warfare goes back a long way. During the Neshite–Arzawan Conflict of 1320–1318 BC, both belligerent parties are believed to have used animals contaminated with tularemia (a bacteria) with the aim to infect their opponent.[43] Throughout history, poisoning wells or sending contaminated animals into enemy ranks or territory has probably been the most common way of employing biological weapons.[44] This practice was carried on into the First World War, when Germany supposedly attempted to infect animals and animal feed in enemy countries.[45]
More sophisticated weaponization of pathogens through the isolation and development of specific stocks was made possible by advances in medical research and microbiology in the 19th century.[46] All the major powers in the two World Wars are believed to have had large biological weapons programmes during most of the 20th century,[47] but despite advances in microbiology, weaponization of pathogens in bombs or other non-organic objects still remains both difficult and hazardous for their users: A Japanese biological weapons attack on the Chinese city of Changde in 1941 resulted in the death of around 10.000 people, of whom about 1700 were Japanese troops.[48] Notwithstanding their theoretically immense destructiveness, the humanitarian consequences of biological weapons have never reached the levels predicted in worst-case scenarios. This is probably due to the technical difficulties associated both with the cultivation of pathogens and with weaponizing the agents.
Throughout history, poisoning wells or sending contaminated animals into enemy ranks or territory has probably been the most common way of employing biological weapons.
Reports about terrorists trying to weaponize pathogens have surfaced repeatedly both before and after 9/11. The management of al-Qaeda's biological weapons programme was ostensibly assumed by Ayman al-Zawahiri (the present leader of al-Qaeda)[49] in 1998, but the organization does not appear to have managed to control the pathogens it is believed to have developed.[50] Since the late 1990s, al-Qaeda has conducted research on anthrax, botolinum, and other pathogens in various locations, notably Afghanistan and Iraq.[51] According to Mowatt-Larsen, al-Qaeda's biological weapons programme, in which anthrax received the most attention and resources, was "probably meant to serve as another means to achieve the same effect as using a nuclear bomb, given doubts that a nuclear option could be successfully procured."[52] Possibly the greatest risk for the future would be the effective weaponization of designer genes or viruses. Such new threats could be made possible by the increasing scientific knowledge of the human genome. In a worst-case scenario, a pathogen resistant to antibiotics or antiviral agents could be created.[53]
In the summer of 2014, a computer left behind in an IS hideout in Idlib was retrieved by moderate Syrian rebels. The computer had been owned by the Tunisian chemistry and physics student "Mohammed S.", and contained detailed recipes for bomb-making, including a 19 page document on weaponizing bubonic, or "black", plague. The laptop further contained a copy of the fatwa by the Saudi cleric Nasir al-Fahd, claiming that if "Muslims cannot defeat the kafir [unbelievers] in a different way, it is permissible to use weapons of mass destruction", even if it "kills all of them and wipes them and their descendants off the face of the earth."[54]
Biological weapons have been used in acts of terrorism on a few occasions. In 1984, members of the so-called Rajneesh Movement intentionally contaminated ten salad bars in Oregon with salmonella. 751 people contracted salmonellosis, but no fatalities were reported. Aum Shinrikyo, the group responsible for the sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway in 1995, is reported to have had a biological weapons programme, and to have made three unsuccessful attempts at attacking civilians with anthrax and botulinum. The cult had also attempted to acquire the Ebola virus from the Democratic Republic of Congo (then Zaire). Large amounts of botolinum were also found in a Red Army Fraction laboratory in Paris during the mid-1990s.[55]
The cult had also attempted to acquire the ebola virus from the democratic republic of Congo
Potent biological pathogens are difficult to develop, and even more difficult to weaponize. Both processes are hazardous for the manufacturer. Furthermore, the effects of biological weapons are almost impossible to control; biological weapons are among the most indiscriminate weapons imaginable. Accordingly, both the manufacture and use of biological weapons carry great risks for the people contemplating their use. This is presumably a large part of the reason why biological weapons are more popular on screen than in real life.
Radiological weapons
Radiological dispersal devices (RDD), or "dirty bombs", are weapons in which an explosive material, such as dynamite or TNT, and a radioactive material, are combined to create a blast that inflicts damage both through the immediate explosion and through the ensuing radiation. Dirty bombs are thus related to nuclear weapons, but their explosion is not a product of nuclear fission or fusion. On the one hand, this makes them considerably less destructive than nuclear weapons. On the other hand, their cruder design makes them much easier to manufacture.[56] Many (but not all) radioactive materials or isotopes found in regular hospitals could be used for a dirty bomb, and the material used would determine the type of radiation created by the bomb (alpha, beta, or gamma). In medicine, enriched uranium is used for a range of purposes, which makes radioactive materials relatively accessible. For example, certain types of medical and industrial equipment, such as irradiators and radiography machines, can be used to manufacture dirty bombs.[57] In its raw form, uranium cannot be used in a RDD.
certain types of medical and industrial equipment, such as irradiators and radiography machines, can be used to manufacture dirty bombs.
The Islamic State has also been connected with radiological weapons. In June 2014, IS stole nuclear material from the University of Mosul.[58] According to reports, the materials concerned were 40kg of un-enriched uranium and 0.125 kg of thorium. In order to make a potent dirty bomb, IS would either have to enrich the uranium or transmute the thorium and then separate the resulting uranium-233. At the moment, IS is unlikely to have the technical expertise and equipment necessary to do this.
the uncanny effects and almost mythical stature of Wmds—particularly nuclear weapons—make them ample instruments to create fear.
There are no examples of successful dirty bomb attacks, but a number of close calls have been detected. In 2002, US customs agents at Chicago Airport arrested José Padilla for conspiring with al-Qaeda to detonate a dirty bomb in the United States.[59] He was found guilty on all charges. Half a year later, British officials disclosed evidence from Herat, Afghanistan, that al-Qaeda had successfully built a small RDD and had written training manuals for their construction. Al-Qaeda had reportedly acquired radioactive isotopes stolen by the Taliban.[60]
Weapons of mass destruction are attractive to terrorists organizations both for their capacity to cause immense physical harm and for their symbolic dimension: the uncanny effects and almost mythical stature of WMDs—particularly nuclear weapons—make them ample instruments to create fear. And as outlined above, non-state actors have used biological and chemical weapons—"the poor man's atomic bomb"[61]—on several occasions. For example, the Japanese cult Aum Shinrikyo attacked random people with both chemical and biological weapons during the mid 1990s. In more recent years, the Taliban, al Qaeda, and the Islamic State have all experimented with such weapons. Non-state actors have never used nuclear or radiological weapons, but as long as the technology and materials are available, the risk that they fall in the hands of terrorists remains. This includes nuclear weapons, which are stockpiled in 14 countries. Some of these stockpiles have been claimed to be poorly secured.
The threat of terrorist WMD attack can be mitigated through disarmament and prophylactic measures such as increasing the safety of radioactive and chemical materials in civilian use. Measures such as the UNSCR 1540 represent attempts by the international community to move in this direction, yet as long as states still develop and stockpile WMDs—and even include them in their official defence doctrines—the risk of non-state actors getting hold of and using these weapons cannot be eliminated.
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[1] Dan Radu Voica , "Weapons of Mass Destruction and Terrorism", in Kenan Tokgöz (ed), Enhancing Cooperation in Defence Against Terrorism, Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2012, p. 57.
[2] Quoted from The Lambeth Palace Library Blog, "Weapons of Mass Destruction and Archbishop Cosmo Lang". Available at: https://lambethpalacelibrary.wordpress.com/2013/05/30/weapons-of-mass-destruction-and-archbishop-cosmo-lang/.
[3] See Steven Poole, "WMDs, Unconventional Weapons and the Language of War", The Guardian, 4 September 2014. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/sep/04/wmd-unconventional-weapons-language-war.
[4] United Nations, Press release, 2013. Available from: http://www.un.org/press/en/2013/sgsm14968.doc.htm.
[5] See Mark Juergensmeyer, Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence, 3rd ed. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2003).
[6] Merriam–Webster Dictionary, "Terrorism". Available from: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/terrorism.
[7] Oxford English Dictionary, "Terrorism". Available from: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/terrorism?searchDictCode=all.
[8] See e.g. Jeanne Guillemin, American Anthrax: Fear, Crime and the Investigation of the Nation's Deadliest Bioterror Attack (New York, NY: Times Books, 2011).
[9] National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, Global Terrorism Database, 2013. Available from: http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=201303190010.
[10] See e.g. NATO, "Active Engagement, Modern Defence: Strategic Concept, 2010", p. 11.
[11] Barack Obama, "Remarks by President Barack Obama", Prague, Czech Republic, 2009. Available from: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-By-President-Barack-Obama-In-Prague-As-Delivered.
[12] UNSC Resolution 1540 from 2004 "imposes binding obligations on all States to adopt legislation to prevent the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, and their means of delivery, and establish appropriate domestic controls over related materials to prevent their illicit trafficking." See 1540 Committee 'United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004), 2014. Available from: http://www.un.org/en/sc/1540/.
[13] Heather Saul, "Isis Claims It Could Buy Its First Nuclear Weapons from Pakistan within a Year", The Independent, 23 May 2015. Available from: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-claims-it-could-buy-its-first-nuclear-weapon-from-pakistan-within-12-months-10270525.html.
[14] Note, however, that the Shiite cleric Ayatolla Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran, issued a fatwa against nuclear wepaons in 2005.
[15] Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, "Al Qaeda's Pursuit of Weapons of Mass Destruction", Foreign Policy, 25 January 2010; Kimberly McCloud and Matthew Osborne, "WMD Terrorism and Usama bin Laden", CNS Reports, Monterey Institute of International Studies.
[16] Graham T. Allision, Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate, Preventable Catastrophe (New York, NY: Owl Books, 2005), pp. 26–32.
[17] Ibid., p. 9.
[18] Matthew Bunn, "The Risks of Nuclear Terrorism—And Next Steps to Reduce the Danger", Testimony of Matthew Bunn for the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, 2 April 2008, p. 1.
[19] Mark Fitzpatrick, Ocercoming Pakistan's Nuclear Dangers, London, Routledge, 2014, p. 2. See also Stephen M. Walt, "Three Questions About Pakistan", Foreign Policy, 24 April 2014. Available from: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/04/24/three_questions_about_pakistan; David Kilcullen to Paul McGeough, "West Warned on Nuclear Terrorist Threat from Pakistan", The Age, 12 April 2009. Available from: http://www.theage.com.au/world/west-warned-on-nuclear-terrorist-threat-from-pakistan-20090412-a40m.html.
[20] Stephen M. Walt, "Three Questions About Pakistan", Foreign Policy, 24 April 2014. Available from: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/04/24/three_questions_about_pakistan.
[21] See Katherine Shrader, "Suitcase Nukes Closer to Fiction than Reality', ABC News. Available from: http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/Story?id=3848473&page=1.
[22] Richard G. Lugar, "The Lugar Survey on Proliferation Threats and Responses", United States Senate, June 2015.
[23] K. Ganesan, S.K. Raza and R. Vijayaraghavan, "Chemical Warfare Agents", Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, vol. 2, no. 3 (July–September 2010), p. 166. The more technical, legal definition of the Convention on Chemical Weapons (Article II (1)) is that a chemical weapon 'means the following, together or separately: (a) Toxic chemicals and their precursors, except where intended for purposes not prohibited under this Convention, as long as the types and quantities are consistent with such purposes; (b) Munitions and devices, specifically designed to cause death or other harm through the toxic properties of those toxic chemicals specified in subparagraph (a), which would be released as a result of the employment of such munitions and devices; (c) Any equipment specifically designed for use directly in connection with the employment of munitions and devices specified in subparagraph (b).'
[24] K. Ganesan, S.K. Raza and R. Vijayaraghavan, "Chemical Warfare Agents", Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, vol. 2, no. 3 (July–September 2010).
[25] Federation of American Scientists, "Chemical Weapons Production and Storage", undated. Available from: http://fas.org/programs/bio/chemweapons/production.html.
[26] Chemical weapons were used to terrible and lingering effects by Iraq in the Iran–Iraq War and the Halabja massacre, and by the United States in Vietnam. The latter's use of 'agent orange' allegedly still plagues Vietnamese communities. See Jeremy Laurance, 'Agent Orange: the Legacy of a Weapon of Mass Destruction', The Independent, 1 April 2006. Available from: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/agent-orange-the-legacy-of-a-weapon-of-mass-destruction-472255.html.
[27] Robert J. Lifton, Destroying the World to Save It: Aum Shinrikyo, Apocalyptic Violence, and the New Global Terrorism (New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, 2000), p. 343.
[28] Richard Danzig et al., "Aum Shinrikyo: Insights Into How Terrorists Develop Biological and Chemical Weapons", Center for a New American Security (December 2012), p. 21.
[29] Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, "Al-Qaeda Weapons of Mass Destruction. Threat: Hype or Reality?", Harvard Kennedy School, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Cambridge, MA (2010), p. 6.
[30] Folad Hamdard, "Afghan Girls' School Feared Hit by Poison Gas", Reuters, 21 April 2013. Available from: http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/04/21/afghanistan-poisoning-idINDEE93K08720130421.
[31] Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) (commonly known as the Islamic State of Iraq) grew out of Abu Musab al-Zaraqawi's small terrorist outfit the Party of Monotheism and Jihad, set up in Iraq shortly after the 2003 US invasion. Zaraqawi, himself a Jordean, joined his organization to the al-Qaeda brand in 2004. Zarqawi was killed in 2006, and the AQI movement, which was comprised mostly of foreign fighters, was largely defeated by Iraqi militias on the side of the Western coalition. But when the US withdrew in 2011, AQI re-emerged as an Iraqi based insurgent group under the leadership of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, who is now the self-proclaimed Caliph. Upon its entry into the Syrian Civil War in 2013, AQI was renamed Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). For a short and informative introduction, see Bobby Gosh, "ISIS: A Short History", The Atlantic, 13 August 2014. Available from: http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/08/isis-a-short-history/376030/.
[32] Amy Clark, "27 Die in Chlorine Bomb Attack in Iraq", CBS News, 6 April 2007. Available from: http://www.cbsnews.com/news/27-die-in-chlorine-bomb-attack-in-iraq/; Damien Cave, "Iraq Insurgents Employ Chlorine in Bomb Attacks
[33] BBC, "Iraq Uncovers al-Qaeda 'Chemical Weapons Plot'", 1 June 2013. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-22742201.
[34] Ibid.
[35] Peter Bergen, "Al Qaeda's Track Record with Chemical Weapons", CNN, 7 May 2013. Available from: http://edition.cnn.com/2013/05/06/opinion/bergen-chemical-weapons-syria/.
[36] National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, Global Terrorism Database, 2013. Available from: http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=201303190010. It should be noted that the Syrian government has also used chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war—with even graver humanitarian consequences.
[37] Quoted in Jonathan Spyer, "Media Special Report: Did Isis Use Chemical Weapons Against the Kurds in Kobani?", Rubin Center for Research in International Affairs, 12 October 2014. Available from: http://www.rubincenter.org/2014/10/meria-special-report-did-isis-use-chemical-weapons-against-the-kurds-in-kobani-warning-graphic-content/.
[38] Hamish de Bretton-Gordon, "ISIS Has Chemical Weapons and Uranium, Can It Produce WMD?", 2 Paragraphs, 15 July 2014. Available from: http://2paragraphs.com/2014/07/isis-has-chemical-weapons-and-uranium-can-it-produce-wmd/.
[39] Jonathan Spyer, "Media Special Report: Did Isis Use Chemical Weapons Against the Kurds in Kobani?", Rubin Center for Research in International Affairs, 12 October 2014. Available from: http://www.rubincenter.org/2014/10/meria-special-report-did-isis-use-chemical-weapons-against-the-kurds-in-kobani-warning-graphic-content/.
[40] BBC, "IS Chemical Weapons Expert Killed, Says US Military', 30 January 2015. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-31070249.
[41] Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, "Achievements in Public Health, 1990–1999: Control of Infectious Diseases", 30 July 1999. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4829a1.htm.
[42] Diane Zahler, The Black Death (Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century Books, 2009). The plague is not as threatening today, as it can be treated with simple antibiotics.
[43] S.I. Trevisanato "The 'Hittite Plague', an Epidemic of Tularemia and the First Record of Biological Warfare', Medical Hypotheses, vol. 69 (2007); s. Gürkan (2014) "Epidemology of Tularemia", Balkan Medical Journal, vol. 31, no. 1 (2014), p. 3.
[44] Stefan Riedel, "Biological Warfare and Bioterrorism: a Historical Review", Proceedings, vol. 17, no. 4 (2004).
[45] Friedrich Frischknecht, "The history of Biological Warfare", Embo Report, 2003. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1326439/
[46] Stefan Riedel, "Biological Warfare and Bioterrorism: a Historical Review", Proceedings, vol. 17, no. 4 (2004), p. 401.
[47] The Russian bioweapons programme employed between 25,000 and 30,000 people in 1995. See ibid. p. 405.
[48] Ibid., p. 402.
[49] Zawahiri holds a master's degree in surgery. See BBC, "Profile: Ayman al-Zawahiri", 27 September 2004. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1560834.stm.
[50] Another person involved in al-Qaeda's biological weapons research was the former Pakistani government biologist Rauf Ahmed. See Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, "Al-Qaeda Weapons of Mass Destruction. Threat: Hype or Reality?", Harvard Kennedy School, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Cambridge, MA (2010), p. 12.
[51] Ibid.
[52] Ibid., p. 6.
[53] Arturo Casadevall, "The Future of Biological Warfare", Microbial Biotechnology, vol. 5, no. 5 (2012); Michael J. Ainscough, "Next Generation Bioweapons", in The Gathering Biological Warfare Storm, Barry R. Schneider and Jim A. Davis, eds. (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004), p. 181.
[54] Harald Doornbos and Jenan Moussa, "Found: The Islamic State's Laptop of Doom", Foreign Policy, 28 August 2014. Available from: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/08/28/found_the_islamic_state_terror_laptop_of_doom_bubonic_plague_weapons_of_mass_destruction_exclusive.
[55] Stefan Riedel, "Biological Warfare and Bioterrorism: a Historical Review", Proceedings, vol. 17, no. 4 (2004), p. 405.
[56] US Department of Homeland Security, "News and Terrorism: Communicating in a Crisis", (2004). Available from: https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/prep_radiological_fact_sheet.pdf.
[57] H. Rosoff and D. von Winterfeld, "A Risk and Economic Analysis of Dirty Bomb Attacks on the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach", Risk Analysis, vol. 27, no. 3 (2007), p. 534.
[58] Stephen Hummel, "The ISIL's Theft of WMD Components in Iraq", Combatting Terrorism Center, 30 July 2014. Available from: https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-isils-theft-of-wmd-components-in-iraq.
[59] H. Rosoff and D. von Winterfeld, "A Risk and Economic Analysis of Dirty Bomb Attacks on the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach", Risk Analysis, vol. 27, no. 3 (2007), p. 533.
[60] Frank Gardner, "Al-Qaeda 'Was Making Dirty Bomb'", BBC, 31 January 2003. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2711645.stm.
[61] Robert J. Lifton, Destroying the World to Save It: Aum Shinrikyo, Apocalyptic Violence, and the New Global Terrorism (New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, 2000), p. 343.


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Sabrina Orah Mark
LOUIS CK, MY HUSBAND, PILES all my seahorses in the middle of our king-sized bed and starts shouting. I see moon and stars seahorse, and green seahorse and the one with no eyes, and pink seahorse, and says-things seahorse, and pregnant seahorse, and I see the sad one, but I don't see black seahorse. "Where is black seahorse, Louis?" This makes Louis CK, my husband, even angrier. In a fake little girl voice, all singsong, he goes "WheRe is BlAcK SeAhoRSe, LoUIs!?" My husband, Louis CK, is not being very nice. So I say, "No, not black seahorse Louis, just black seahorse," which makes Louis roar. So I say, "What's the matter, Louis? Why so boiled?"
"What does your anger, Louis, have to do with my seahorses?"
We go through this every night.
In the morning everything is fine.
Louis CK and I hold hands. We go to the meadow and make love. We do not bring up the seahorses. Louis pulls my head all the way back. He kisses my throat. His lips are rough like rope. I call out, Sweet, Sweet Nothing. "Who?" asks Louis. He looks around. "Who," he asks, "is Sweet, Sweet Nothing?" "You," I say, though it's impossible to be sure.
I cannot explain it, but ever since the seahorses Louis and I have become less and less human. Our ability to speak had gone from stratospheric to cloudy. "Tell me about eternity, Louis." And Louis tells me all about eternity using mostly the wildflowers from the meadow. For hours and hours, with the petals and stems he builds boats and whole entire cities and nations of people with terrible long flowing hair, but nothing really comes of it. He speaks for a long time, but the words are few and far between and half-finished. Like somewhere in the middle of being words they closed their eyes and fell asleep and dreamed they were seahorses.
When we get home, Louis CK, my husband, piles all my seahorses in the middle of our queen-sized bed and starts shouting. "I thought, Louis, we had a king-sized bed." Our bed now is unquestionably queen, giving the seahorses the illusion of looking larger than they had the night before. Black seahorse is still missing. Louis doesn't answer or look at me. He just keeps piling and shouting and piling and shouting. I see super seahorse and old seahorse and nowhere seahorse and sorry seahorse and the one the other seahorses call the Saint and the one they call the Fool.
We go through this every night.
In the morning everything is fine.
Louis CK and I go to the diner. We sit in our favorite booth. "I love you," says Louis. "I love you more," I say. We hold hands. We are very alive. The waitress takes our order. Louis orders two soft boiled eggs, coffee, and toast with strawberry jam. I order the same. We do not bring up the seahorses. The waitress's name is Poppy. She is wearing a t-shirt with a blue and red rocket ship. Poppy serves us our breakfast. "Where is the rocket ship going?" asks Louis. Poppy looks at me. I shrug. I have no idea. Poppy looks at Louis. She looks down at the rocket ship. "Isn't it always going to the moon?" asks Poppy. "I guess so," says Louis. There is a little bit of jam on Louis's cheek. Poppy dips a napkin into my water glass and wipes it off. She kisses Louis on the mouth. He kisses her back. They kiss for a long, long time. "Don't be wounded," she whispers. "Don't be wounded more," he whispers back. While they kiss I build a tower out of all the jams and pats of butter and honeys. I collect them from all the booths. The tower is so high I have to stand on the table to keep building. At the very top, I imagine perching hold-me seahorse and never-let-me-go seahorse but, seconds before Louis and Poppy finally stop kissing, the whole tower comes toppling down.
"Is that all there is?" asks Louis. We look around. It seems it is. The diner is empty. Jams and butters and honeys are everywhere. Poppy has disappeared into the kitchen. Possibly forever. We look out the window. Out on the street are a few orange and red and green bouncing balls neither Louis nor I have even seen before, but otherwise not much else. Our friend Ferguson runs past us. I knock hard on the glass and call out, "Hey, Ferguson is that all there is?" But he doesn't hear me. "Go on without us," calls out Louis. But Ferguson has already gone on.
"Look," says Louis. "Something fell out of Ferguson's pocket." Louis and I rush out of the empty diner to see what it is. Two identical black seahorses lie on their sides. Their heads are touching. I am careful not to get too close. There is something wrong with these seahorses. It is possible their heads are attached. It is possible neither one is my black seahorse. It is possible they are not alive.
"So is THAT all there is?" asks Louis. He waves his arms around, messily. He seems angry. I don't know if by THAT he means the seahorses or my feelings about the seahorses or my still missing black seahorse or the flash of Ferguson or the broken tower forever ruined or the orange and red and green bouncing balls which are all still bouncing or life in general or eternity or his undying love for me which might be dying a little on account of the seahorses and on account of kissing Poppy.
When we get home Louis CK, my husband, piles all our seahorses in the middle of our twin bed and starts shouting. I think back to the two identical black seahorses. What, if anything, belongs to me? I mean, really belongs to me? I look up at Louis. Our bed is shrinking. Every day he destroys me. And every day I destroy him in return. Little tiny bits of destroying. It's barely noticeable. We have a baby somewhere, but it is too small. Louis is piling and shouting and piling and shouting. I see bruise seahorse and growling seahorse and rotten seahorse and close-up seahorse and wooden seahorse and happy seahorse and the empty one, but I don't see black seahorse. I call Ferguson. He doesn't answer. I leave a message.
We go through this every night. In the morning everything is fine.
Louis? "Yes, Seahorse?" Louis calls me Seahorse. Have we gotten to the sad part yet? "Yes, Seahorse, we have."
"When do we get to the funny part, Louis?" "Soon," says Louis. "Soon."
Louis CK and I go to the misty boneyard. Ferguson is there. He is swaying back and forth like he's praying. In the middle of the boneyard is a water fountain. I take a sip. Louis takes a sip. He looks around. "Whose bones are these, Seahorse?" I look around. "Probably ours," I say. Louis puts his hand over his mouth and spits. A tooth falls out. A small one. It is hardly essential to Louis's mouth. "Have we gotten to the funny part, Louis?" "No, Seahorse, not yet." He gives me the tooth to hold. I shift it in my palm. It is ice-cold.
In the space where Louis' tooth once was is a tiny white seahorse, flashing bright. We slow dance in the misty boneyard. When Louis isn't looking, I let his tooth fall out of my hand and disappear into a pile of bones.
Ferguson is still swaying. He shakes his fists in the air, opens them, and out flies a shower of black seahorses. I count fifty. Maybe more.
I collect them all. I stuff them into my shirt.
I am hungry. I want more black seahorses because my black seahorse is still missing. Louis CK, my husband, and I go back to look for the seahorses that fell out of Ferguson's pocket. It is a long walk from the misty boneyard to the diner. It takes us two full days, but we get there. The seahorses are exactly where we left them. With the tip of his thumb, Louis flips them over and quickly jumps back. The seahorses crack apart. There is writing on each belly.
On one seahorse it says, "I do not belong to you."
On the other seahorse it says, "Neither do I."
Louis begins to laugh. Then I begin to laugh. Then Poppy emerges from the sunshine and she begins to laugh too. We are rolling on the ground laughing. I am laughing so hard my chest hurts. Like I am being shot in the heart over and over and over again by bullets in the shape of all the black seahorses that will never belong to me. I want to ask Louis if this is the funny part, but I am laughing so hard I can barely breathe.
I want to ask Louis if this is the funny part, but when I catch my breath and look up, Poppy and Louis are gone. The only one to ask is a police officer whistling in the distance.
In the morning everything is fine.
SABRINA ORAH MARK is the author of the poetry collections The Babies and Tsim Tsum. Mark's awards include a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship, a fellowship from the Fine Arts Work Center in Provincetown, and a Sustainable Arts Foundation Award. Her poems and stories most recently appear in Tin House (Open Bar), American Short Fiction, jubilat, B O D Y, The Collagist, and The Believer, and in the anthology My Mother She Killed Me, My Father He Ate Me: Forty New Fairy Tales.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Originally posted by UncleMikey
...I've got a bunch more to add over the coming days and weeks.
What is wind mostly made of? Nitrogen.
What are DNA Bases mostly made of? Yep... you guessed it... Nitrogen!
DNA is a ladder... and the 'King' uses it to get to heaven.
Originally posted by Blue Shift
I suppose this is the equivalent of somebody pasting a lot of pictures and newspaper clippings and Bible pages on their wall and connecting them with bits of yarn. Something the police would later find.
Originally posted by HumanitiesLastHope
reply to post by UncleMikey
Now that I took the time to watch your video which was great! (I would recommend slowing it down a bit, while yes its readable, but to see all the pics and text it goes by to fast, good thing the pause button is my friend lol, but pausing wrecks pacing of film)
This is really interesting, and after seeing what you had to offer and comparing it to mine and others background knowledge and information it seems you could be onto something .Excellent work. However theres no telling if you just pieced together convient/coincidental information, one can make the bible say or interpret it in anyway someone wants. Anyways great THEORY/research, you found some great paraels,correlations/similarities, between the bible, genetics, and ancient cultures/mythos.
BUT a huge RED FLAG was when you said "Want to see more? Make this video go viral? In the mean time enjoy the slideshow" Shouldn't you reveal your findings regardless of it going viral? (I am curious to see what else you have, and I bet I'm not the only one) So now I can clearly see you have an agenda, is it one of misinformation and deception? We all know a great lie holds a grain of truth. or Is it one of profit or fame?
UncleMikey EXPLAIN THYSELF!!!
edit on 11-5-2013 by HumanitiesLastHope because: added


text:
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Future Car Parking Jam Description
Enjoy this playful pixels game called Future Car Parking Jam here on BrightestGames. The future cities are overcrowded and finding a place to park can really be a nightmare. Your job is to find a parking spot. The city is so crowded that you'll have to drive your car on the other side of the street and juggle through rush hour traffic. Atfer each 3 levels you are able to unlock some awesome cars. Parking spots are hard to find and trying to get to work in time is even worse. You will have to overcome many intense levels. The future cities are full of high-tech but although the traffic jam problem is not solved yet. Take part in this "pixel warfare" and manage to finish all levels. Have fun!
new racing games, shooting games, car games, bike games and sport games are added weekly!
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|Search Results (102 videos found)
|Writing Better Social Letters
While a teenage brother and sister write a thank-you note to their grandmother after visiting her on vacation, we learn the five parts of a friendly letter and more about...
Genre: Ephemeral
Keywords: Social guidance: Etiquette;Communication: Writing;Communication: Postal;
Duration: 00:10:30
Popularity (downloads): 878
|Communication: A Film Lesson in General Science / Development of Communication
Venerable educational film showing technologies of communication, circa 1920s.
Genre: Ephemeral
Keywords: Communication: General;Communication: Telephone;Communication: Radio;
Duration: 00:13:04
Popularity (downloads): 1177
|Tying up bags for train, U.S.P.O.
The camera shows the action of two postal employees as they remove mail sacks from the semicircular rack where they are placed so they can be filled with mail for...
Genre: Historical
Keywords: Letter mail handling; Postal service--Employees; Actuality--Shorts;
Duration: 00:01:01
Popularity (downloads): 378
|World Through Stamps: The Stories Behind Postage Stamps, The
Great moments in aviation history as told through postage stamps.
Genre: Ephemeral
Keywords: Communication: Postal: Stamps; Aviation: History; Hobbies;
Duration: 00:12:50
Popularity (downloads): 356
|Throwing mail into bags, U.S.P.O.
This film concerns the separation of mail parcels before distribution. A semicircular rack of mail bags, each tagged with a different location, is placed on a set of the interior...
Genre: Historical
Keywords: Mail sorting; Actuality--Shorts;
Duration: 00:01:03
Popularity (downloads): 365
|Post man delivering mail, U.S.P.O.
This film shows the delivery of the U.S. mail, in a rural area. A two-horse vehicle, with a sign reading "U.S. Mail," appears on the scene. The postal employee gets...
Genre: Historical
Keywords: Letter carriers; Postal service; Actuality--Shorts;
Duration: 00:00:58
Popularity (downloads): 461
CLAPOTI, a voice communication assistive technology, aims at offering a communication support system allowing better communication, adaptable to users and strongly varying in needs. CLAPOTI allows voice communication by typing...
Genre: Educational
Keywords: user-centered design;disability;virtual phonetic keyboard;
Duration: 00:05:06
Popularity (downloads): 1186
|Wagons loading mail, U.S.P.O.
The photographer placed his camera to encompass as much of the loading ramp of a mail delivery building as possible. As the film begins, several horse-drawn postal transportation vehicles are...
Genre: Historical
Keywords: Actuality--Shorts;
Duration: 00:00:52
Popularity (downloads): 487
|Rural wagon delivering mail, U.S.P.O.
The subject is the delivery of the U.S. mail in a rural area. The camera was positioned in full sight of a standard rural free delivery post box located in...
Genre: Historical
Keywords: Rural free delivery; Postal service; Actuality--Shorts;
Duration: 00:00:46
Popularity (downloads): 439
|Health Communication: Lessons from Family Planning and Reproductive Health: Companion Video
Video to accompany JHU/CCP's "Health Communication" book, which follows the structure of the book for chapters 3 through 8, highlighting specific lessons and showing video clips of projects mentioned in...
Genre: Educational
Keywords: JHU/CCP; "Health Communication" Book; Johns Hopkins
Duration: 00:49:12
Popularity (downloads): 705


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U.S. Indie Filmmakers Collect $60,000 Worth of Postproduction Prizes at Poland Fest
The awards are part of the US in Progress sidebar at Wroclaw, Poland's American Film Festival.
WROCLAW, Poland -- U.S. independent filmmakers walked away with prizes in postproduction and promotional services worth $60,000 Sunday as the fourth American Film Festival in Wroclaw, Poland, wrapped.
The prizes, awarded as part of the festival's industry sidebar, US in Progress, went to all six films selected to participate in the event, although there were two big winners.
Evan Wolf Buxbaum's Sun Belt Express, produced by Noah Lang and Iyabo Boyd, received DI image postproduction from Platige Image studio; foley from Aeroplan Studio; soundtrack from composer Maciej Zielinski of Soundflower Studio -- all Warsaw-based companies -- and final sound mix from Alvernia Studios in Krakow.
Lake Los Angeles by Mike Ott and produced by Athina Rachel Tsangari was offered DI image postproduction from DI Factory studio and foley from Aeroplan Studio, both Warsaw-based; DCP creation from DCINEX; subtitling from VSI Paris/Chinkel; and the promotional award from Europa Distribution International and CICAE.
Other awards included to Summer of Blood by director-producer Onur Tukel (producers: Clifford McCurdy, Melodie Sisk, Max Heller, Matt Grady), which was offered sound design from Soundflower Studio; Wild Canaries by Lawrence Michael Levine (producers: Sophia Takal, Kim Sherman and McCabe Walsh), was given an Acquisition Award by the Polish film channel Ale Kino+.
Aeroplan Studio also offered soundtrack composition to Happy Baby by Stephen Elliott (producer: Jessica Caldwell), and producer Ashley Maynor (Some Beasts by Cameron Nelson) received a free pass for the 2014 Producers' Network in Cannes.
A two-day event, US in Progress brings together American independent filmmakers and European buyers. More than 40 projects applied although on six were selected.
More than 50 participants took part, including programmers from Rotterdam FF, Tribeca FF and Semaine de la Critique. Attending buyers included Match Factory, K5, The Works, Urban Distribution, Wide Management, Reel Suspects, Film Republic, New Europe Film Sales and Sophie Dulac Distribution


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I suppose while I'm attempting to revive my blog, it's only fitting that it should get a makeover. (Don't you just love it?! It still needs a little work, but overall, I'm quite happy with it. The background photo is from our engagement photos with Ryan Stadler – love it so much!) I should probably also make an attempt to revive my modified Project 365.
Being that it's winter in Minnesota, which generally means sub zero temperatures paired with lots of snow and ice, I haven't done a whole lot with photography lately, even though my darling husband spoiled me rotten with a 24-70mm f/2.8 L-series lens! However, I'm looking forward to that changing now that I've taken a part time job with Wilson Whitaker Photography. So excited to be working in my field again, even though I'll be doing more work behind a desk than a camera, I'm thrilled with this new opportunity to learn and grow.
Even so, I couldn't help but share a few from my last two personal sessions.
1.24.13 – 2:41pm
Body: Canon T1i
Lens: Canon 24-70mm L
Notes: These delicious Spiced Chocolate Pistachio Hearts were made by the lovely and talented Hellen Gutsche of My Sister's Sweets. She's a local baker extraordinaire and offers many delectable delicacies at really affordable prices, including many gluten-free options that are just heavenly. I know that sounds like an oxymoron, but you need to trust me on this. WOW! Go buy something!
1.31.13 – 5:07pm
Body: Canon T1i
Lens: Canon 24-70mm L
Notes: Sweet Coley Jo is 1! And just as darling and rambunctious and impossibly sweet as his sisters. Love you, Brachles!


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Your standard soap opera season is divided into three parts of episodes, which themselves are divided into a total of five parts altogether. Although they're defined as thirds, they're not necessarily as long; the mid-part is usually the longest, and the last part is probably just between two and four episodes.
The first third holds two minor parts; the beginning introduces most of the main characters and mentions or identifies the conflict or crisis that the season will evolve around, even though it mightn't have started yet – it can for example be a mere mention of its "eventual" future appearance. In the second part of the first third, the mid-point, the crisis develop, and forces the main character to make one or several hard decision(s) for the greater good, such as leaving a friend or partner, moving, quit abusing drugs, or in the more drama-based soap operas, murder or commit another type of crime. Reasons can vary a lot, with anything from as simple as "those drugs aren't good for you" to more complicated.
The second third only holds one part, but it's also the body of the story. As already told, this is usually the longest part, and this is in which the conflict develop further, and so does the characters on personal level. Characters that in the beginning of the story were unknown to one another are suddenly friends, and others were best friends but parted ways forever (or at least for a few episodes, as always in the soap opera world). As the conflict rises, and as good people suddenly turn evil, and whatnot, the suspense increases, building up for the last third.
The last third holds two parts, yet two very minor. The first part is the one in which the conflict resolutes. As the suspense is at its height, the season reaches its climax, and there are one or two episodes with barely anything with pure suspense. All the questions are finally answered, people may very well fall to their death – or, as a cliché in the soap opera world, return from the dead as they really "just fell into a coma" or "played dead". Depending on what the main conflict of the story was, the resolution ofcourse differs; for example the true villain is discovered, after one or two innocent were apointed as villains earlier in the story. Arguments between friends finally goes away. Then comes the denoument, which literaly is "the end of the end" in French. The denoument usually just cover the last fourth of the last episode, and is therefore definitely the smallest part. After the climax comes the anti-climax, where we again see the characters in their natural habitat (home, school, work, etcetera), just like they were in the beginning of the season.
However, the phrase "the end of the end" lies, for in the world of soaps the end of a season is never the end, but merely the beginning of the next. The denoument often shows a hint or even a part of the beginning of the next story, all to get the viewer interested enough to wait a month or two and follow the next season as well.
Soap operas usually have a line of writers and directors for a season, possibly changing this crew for the beginning of another season but not very usually in the middle of one. Both the writers and the directors usually vary on their post, either through having one episode each on every third or fourth, or co-writing basically every episode. There can also be teams of two or three which co-writes, and then these teams vary instead. One member in either the writing or directing staff (or in both) is often the creator(s) of the series, but they usually only write or direct an episode once in a while, in spite the fact that they often visits the recordings or observe the manuscript before released to the actors.
Even though a single writer often has the main control of an episode's manuscript, it is not nessecarily at first created by him, merely detailed. The writing usually starts with a meeting with the staff, either only the writing staff or with the directors or producers. The next episode's content is discussed, whereas ideas are debated and in the end one is chosen to be the used story. A main writer is choosed to write the basic manuscript, either through personal choice, totally random or through the list, if the writers vary with a planned scheme.
When the manuscript is finished and checked through, the actors are given their lines one or two days before the filming starts. The filming then usually lasts for about two days, ending about a week before it is released on TV, as the schedule usually is that they produce the episode while the last one is airing, always being one week before the viewers.
To the extent possible under law, the creator has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work. Terms and conditions beyond the scope of this waiver may be available at this page.


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The Amazing Bavarian Stompers occupy the unique position to have been the first British comedy Oompah Show to have appeared at a major German bier festival. Their popularity stems from the fact this is no bunch of Bavarian geriatrics! The tremendous vitality and enthusiasm of this act is so infectious that an atmosphere of insobriety is immediately created with maximum audience participation.
Their show is a rip roaring musical journey to the Bavarian Bierkeller's of old involving the quaffing of copious quantities of liquid refreshment en route, a perfect antidote to the rigours and stresses of modern life. The Bavarian Stompers reputation of being the best Oompah band is Britain is well founded, just ask the Germans!
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*Call cost 4p per minute plus your network access charge


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I am very pleased to announce that Melbourne's very own All Star Comics has been voted best Comic Book Store in the World!
This is yet another accolade that shows what a great place Melbourne is and another reason why Melbourne is the world's most liveable city.
To read more about this fantastic win and why I feel that All Star Comics truly deserves the Eisner Award, check out my new blog post the Melbourne Ahoy website - Best Comic Book Store in The World is in Melbourne!
Immigrating or moving to beautiful Melbourne, Australia ? This is THE newcomer's guide to settling down in our great city.
Tuesday, July 29, 2014
Friday, July 4, 2014
FIFA World Cup in Australia
With the FIFA World Cup 2014 in full swing, this is a good time for a blog post about what the FIFA World Cup means to Australia and Melbourne.
King for a Day (or a few weeks to be exact)With the indigenous Aussie Rules or AFL the dominant spectator sport in Melbourne, football (also called soccer locally) normally takes a back seat in terms of media coverage. Which is really odd as football is by far the sport with the highest participation numbers. Somehow, it doesn't translate to spectators on ground.
However, every four years when the FIFA World Cup swings around, football steps into the limelight and leads the sports news ....
To continue reading, please visit the full blog post at the Melbourne Ahoy website - FIFA World Cup in Australia
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My journey continued as I made my way through the Pacific Northwest, where the air transpired into a deep, icy chill but the overwhelming beauty of the nature warmed my soul. I was surrounded by trees of all flavors; cranberry, amber, and evergreens resembled the make-believe winter villages I had come to adore as a child. My family liked to collect bits and pieces of a running train set every year, and it was set in an imaginary place, similar to the picturesque countrysides of Oregon and Washington.
I ended my exploration at the magical islands just south of Victoria, and here I feel at peace. When I look around, and gaze at the glorious spendlor that envelopes me, I can't ever question that God exists. How wonderful He is, and how Blessed I am to be in the midst of serenity, here in my special place.


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What's your forecast for growth going forward?
Nouriel Roubini : Growth is going to accelerate in the
second half and be very strong next year. We believe that growth is
going to be slightly better in Q2 [2013], and start to grow more in the
second half. We expect tapering to start in December, with maybe the
earliest start in September, and not being done next or late in the
summer. Tapering could even start later than that if the economy in the
second half of the year disappoints more than we expect. So it all stays
contingent. - in indexuniverse


text: Prescription Justice is proud to announce that we have sent a letter to the U.S. Congress, signed by non-profit organizations dedicated to American consumers, patients and families who struggle with the high cost of medication. The letter specifically calls for the passage of the Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation Act of 2017, introduced by Senators Cory Booker, Bob Casey, and Bernie Sanders. The Act would expressly allow importation of lower cost medications from Canada, and, after two years, other countries with strong pharmaceutical regulations. Uniquely, the letter also recognizes that Americans already import medication for personal use, often ordering them from international online pharmacies, regardless of the federal restrictions. That practice can be safe but rogue websites are a threat to patient safety. (more…)


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Americanah follows Ifemelu and Obinze, who fall in love while in school in Nigeria but whose love is interrupted by Ifemelu's decision to continue her studies in America. There, she faces both hardship and successes, and must confront for the first time the foreignness of America's concept of race. Unable to join her in America, Obinze settles in London, where he faces a difficult road as an undocumented immigrant. When chance brings them together again, old feelings arise and threaten to destroy the lives they built while apart.
"She rested her head against his and felt, for the first time, what she would often feel with him: a self-affection. He made her like herself. With him, she was at ease; her skin felt as though it was her right size."
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is the author of three novels — Purple Hibiscus, Half of a Yellow Sun, and Americanah — and one short story collection, The Thing Around Your Neck. Born in Nigeria, she now divides her time between there and the United States.
Published: 2013
Length: 477 pages
Set in: Lagos, Nigeria; London, England; New Jersey, United States


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Most of us often suffer from symptoms; strange symptoms and we don't even know what the reason behind it is! Do you have symptoms such as mood swings, sinus infections, intestinal distress, brain fog, hormonal imbalance, yeast infections, headaches, chronic fatigues, and itching? However diverse these symptoms may sound the cause is often a fungus, known as Candida Albicans. This disease is often misdiagnosed, but in this article, I will explain what Candida actually is, its symptoms and how it can be treated.
What is Candida?
Candida is a type of fungus that affects the intestines. Any imbalance in your digestive or immune systems can have adverse consequences to your gut often leading to a leaky gut. Stress and certain antibiotics lead to an imbalance of this particular fungus. Often when you are stressed, lots of Candida Albicans are rapidly produced and released into your intestines. Large amounts of this fungus are toxic because it produces a range of by-products that include uric acid and a neurotoxin called acetaldehyde.
Acetaldehyde is a harmful by-product, it is known to cause brain fogs and chronic headaches. This has also recently been listed as a possible carcinogen. It's a pathogen that can have a dangerous effect on the human body. Uric acid on the other hand, when in large amounts, can lead to gout or joint pains. Any change in the balance of your intestines can result in oral thrush, yeast infections, and various duodenal problems.
Here are some things you may do that can lead to Candida overgrowth within our bodies:
High sugar diets
The amount of sugar you consume can lead to Candida imbalance in your system. Unhealthy sugary foods taken over a long period causes Candida overgrowth.
Take a walk in your local restaurant, convenient store or mall. All these stores sell foods with added sugars. It is almost virtually impossible to ignore these sugars. Whether, its pasta sauce, meats, bread, cereals, margarine they all contain added sugars in them. These sugars are the exact kind of foods that Candida needs to proliferate. – In other words processed food!
It's important to note that eating healthy foods and having a bar of chocolate or a scoop of ice cream once a week will not lead to increase in Candida amounts. Sugary diets consumed over longer periods of time will lead to Candida imbalance.
I know you have probably suffered from stress in the past. It's a tough world we live in. The bills are increasing and your pay might not necessarily balance out right with your daily needs. Some of these issues sometimes lead to stress. Always worrying about what lies ahead of you can result in changes to your body. Stress sometimes leads to depression and it is often seen as one of the leading causes of ailments today.
There are different ways in which stress can lead to a Candida burst in your body.
The first thing that stress does is raise sugar level in your body. In biology, the increase in sugar levels is commonly referred to as the fight or flight effect. A state of constant worry will make your body build up lots of energy in preparation for any sudden occurrence. To boost energy levels and be ready for anything, the sugar levels in your body will have to be high all the time because it's this sugar that broken down to form energy. And as we already know, high sugar levels will then lead to high Candida levels in the body.
The second thing is that your immune system will deteriorate once your body is under stress. Once it's weakened, your body won't be able to form defenses against any Candida growth in your body.
They are the most common cause of increased Candida levels. The importance of antibiotics shouldn't be ignored, but unfortunately, they have adverse side effects. Yes, I know there are times that your body would need antibiotics to heal properly but sadly, most doctors often give antibiotics even for the commonest body diseases such as flu or the common cold. They don't give much thought to them.
One particular type of antibiotics known as broad spectrum antibiotics can have serious effects on your immune and digestive systems. All that broad spectrum antibiotics does is to kill all bacteria in your body. However, as its common knowledge, not all bacteria is harmful to the body. We actually can't live without certain types of bacteria.
A fully grown human has more than 400 different types of bacteria and more than 90 trillion single bacteria. That's a lot. It means it's almost impossible for us to eliminate all bacteria from our bodies.
Broad spectrum antibiotics and other various types of antibiotics kill most of these beneficial bacteria in our bodies. This eventually leads to digestive and immune systems complications. Once these bacteria are eliminated, one particular bacteria takes advantage of this. And yeah, you guessed it right, it's the Candida Albicans. This bacteria won't feel the pressure of fighting for space and food in your intestines. There won't be any competition for the resources, and this would, therefore, mean that Candida will flourish and expand their colonies. There will be a surge of this bacteria leading to an imbalance in your gut.
Mercury in the tooth fillings
Some tooth fillings such as silver amalgam contain up to 40%-50% mercury which can have adverse effects on the Candida levels in the body. When you grind or brush your teeth, the fillings may dissipate in your mouth and consequently in your gut.
Once the mercury is absorbed into the bloodstream, your immune system will be weakened, and it can lead to serious health complications. One of these health problems can be Candida. After the mercury reaches your gut, it kills the beneficial bacteria in your digestive system allowing Candida to flourish.
There are no acceptable levels of mercury permitted in the body. If you have tooth fillings that contain even the smallest amounts of mercury, make an appointment with your dentist and have them replaced.
Fluoride and Chloride.
Chlorine is a common chemical almost like added sugars that I have named above. It's commonly found in drinking water. This means the water you cook with, drink, bath and wash your clothes with has this chemical. It is a powerful disinfectant that ensures the water you drink is free from all pathogens.
However, sometimes chlorine kills the useful body bacteria which might eventually lead to high Candida levels in the body. Fortunately, there are ways of reducing the amount of chlorine intake in the body. You could switch to natural friendly products for your laundry needs. Another thing you can do is install filters in the water system your household uses to ensure your body takes in fewer amounts of this chemical.
Fluoride is another chemical commonly used by toothpaste manufacturers. It's preferred because of its disinfecting nature. It kills germs found in the mouth and sometimes some of this fluoride may kill the good bacteria leaving the Candida bacteria to flourish.
Diabetic people are more susceptible to Candida because diabetes leads to fluctuating blood sugar levels. When the sugar levels are high, especially for the women, the Candida bacteria will surge in the body. High Candida yeast levels can lead to body imbalance which can eventually cause health problems.
The Pill
Recent scientific research has it that Candida outbreak can be attributed to the use of the contraceptive pill. The human body is made up sensitive parts especially the stomach. To digest foods in the stomach, we need to have just the right amounts of yeasts, microorganisms, and bacteria. The right balance of these digestive chemicals is critical, but this delicate and important chemical equilibrium can be thrown off by improper hormonal balances triggered by the contraceptive pill.
Such imbalances give room for the Candida to flourish and outnumber its competitors in the digestive tract. Estrogen, commonly found in the pill leads to yeast infections.
Copper IUD is another contraceptive that leads to yeast growth in a similar manner that estrogen found in the pill. Be wary of such problems when choosing your contraceptive method.
Other common causes of Candida outgrowth include
- Drinking lots of alcohol
- Consuming fermented food products such as pickles and kombucha.
- Eating diets with lots of refined carbs
As mentioned above, candidiasis can sometimes be misdiagnosed due to the similarity of its symptoms to other diseases. It's also quite difficult to diagnose due to the different effects it has on people. The way it can affect me may not be necessarily the same way it will affect you.
Sometimes patients diagnose themselves because of the confusing symptoms. Due to such unclear effects, it's a common consensus that the number of people suffering from candidiasis is way more than those who are correctly diagnosed.
Common symptoms include:
You may feel the following
Poor coordination, panic attacks, poor memory, low libido levels, insomnia, sweets and alcohol cravings, dizziness, irritability, hyperactivity, anger and bitterness, and brain fog.
The gastrointestinal tract
Itching anus, constipation, bloating, constantly burping after meals, gassiness, nausea, mucus in the stool, acid reflux, diarrhea, stomach upsets, stomach cramps, and hemorrhoids.
The skin
Hives, body odor, dermatitis, acne, eczema, athlete's foot, fungal infections on the nails, psoriasis, and cysts.
The mouth
Tongue with cracks and thrushes, metallic mouth taste, canker sores, enlarged lower lip, bleeding gums, halitosis, and bad breath.
The respiratory system
Asthma attacks, persistent cough and sore throat, mucus in the throat, sinusitis, flu and hay fever-like symptoms, and the congestion of the sinus.
The eyes
Itchy eyes, bags under the eyes, blurred eyesight and light sensitivity.
The ears
Ear infection and ringing ears.
The urinary tract
Persistent urinary and yeast infections. Others include fungal rash, bladder inflammation and menstrual abnormalities.
The immune system
Allergies and sensitivity to particular diets or chemicals. The common cold being a little bit more frequent, and the flu.
The body retains lots of water and weight loss.
Other common symptoms include the following:
Muscle aches chronic joint pains, heartaches, and joint stiffness.
Doctors are human, just like me, and you and they can misdiagnose Candida for some other disease due to its varying symptoms. The reason being, candidiasis can manifest itself using a combination of any of the named symptoms often leading to misdiagnosis.
Listed below are some common misdiagnoses that doctors do depending on the symptoms your body is exhibiting.
Gastroenteritis, IBS, and Crohn's disease – Symptoms include indigestion, abdominal pains diarrhea, gas and bloating
Athlete's foot – Fungal infection on the toenails
Arthritis – Recurring joints pains
A misdiagnosis of Candida can have adverse repercussions on your body health. To avoid such, ensure you tell your physicians all the symptoms you are feeling. Don't leave anything behind because he may prescribe medication that may lead to Candida overgrowth.
The Healing Process
Healing from candidiasis isn't such a long and painful process as some would imagine. There are some things listed below that you have to keep in mind as you begin the treatment plan.
First try some Detox supplements:
What should be avoided…
This is the first thing you should switch as you begin your treatment plan. There are some foods you will have to reduce so that the amounts of Candida in your body can be lowered to tolerable levels
The first being, reducing the sugar diets you consume. As I mentioned earlier in this article, sugar supports the expansion of Candida colonies so a reduction of sugars will support your healing process as the Candida will be deprived of the nutrients they require to expand. Avoid consuming candy, lots of chocolate, flours and drinking alcohol.
Consider beginning your treatment process with the cleansing of your body off Candida toxins.
Also, avoid eating fermented diets. These foods support the growth of yeast in the body leading to increased Candida. A complete elimination of such products is recommended for you to heal completely.
Reduce the amount of fresh, canned and dried fruits you consume. Fresh juice should also be reduced as it contains high amounts of natural sugars which feed Candida. However, fresh fruits have their advantages to the body, and should, therefore, be introduced in small portions when the Candida amounts in the body are in control.
Nuts such as peanuts and cashews should be reduced as they contain high amounts of mold.
Dairy products except ghee, probiotic yogurt, kefir and butter should be avoided when healing from a Candida overgrowth. Yogurt and kefir are preferred to milk because the lactose that promotes yeast growth is eliminated during the fermentation process.
Most fish contain high levels of toxins and metallic products. These toxins and metallic products suppress the immune system which may lead to an expansion of Candida. However, fish such as sardines and wild salmons can be consumed.
Meat products especially pork should be avoided as it contains retroviruses that survive the cooking process which can be harmful to you if you have a weak digestive system. Processed meats, on the other hand, contain added sugars and sulfates which aren't good for your body
What should be consumed…
In place of sugar, use sweeteners such xylitol and stevia. They have a lesser effect as compared to ordinary sugars, but only if necessary. I am not a big fan of sweeteners at all!
I know the foods I mentioned above are the kinds of dishes and diets you enjoy cooking at home or having at the local restaurant you like visiting with your family. So you probably think there is nothing left for you to eat. However, don't despair as there so many other delicious foods that you can consume to ensure you live a healthy life.
Consume non-starchy vegetables and reduce complex carbohydrates such as bread, potatoes, yams and pasta. Only steam, grill or eat your vegetables raw
Kefir and probiotic yogurt contain nutrients that will repopulate the good bacteria in your body and hence restore balance in your body
You can consume eggs, turkey, chicken, lamb, and beef. They should, however, be organic and fresh. Processed meats should be avoided.
For the beverages, drink licorice tea, peppermint tea, cinnamon and ginger tea as they contain useful antifungal properties.
Season your foods using sea salt, black pepper, organic raw vinegar, and apple cider.
Spices and herbs such as dill, ginger, oregano, thyme, rosemary, and cinnamon contain antifungal and antioxidant properties that are great if you are suffering from a Candida overgrowth.
What should be reintroduced…
Beans such as black beans and azuki beans, grains, e.g., lentils, chickpeas, split peas, navy beans, can be slowly reintroduced into the diet because they contain some antifungal advantages and fiber which are useful for those suffering from candidiasis.
Have small portions of fruits as you recover from a Candida overgrowth. Consume fruits e.g. blackberries, cranberries, and raspberries a maximum of four times a week.
It's recommended that a fully grown human being should have at least a pound of bacteria in their body. Anything more would be detrimental to your system and would cause a system imbalance.
Candida is a fast growing yeast, and the main purpose of antibiotics is to kill bacteria. Certain types of antibiotics can kill useful bacteria giving room to Candida to flourish leading to an overgrowth.
Probiotics are beneficial to the body as they will help reintroduce the useful and supportive bacteria to your system. They will also crowd out the Candida colonies and ensure you have the right amount of acidity in your stomach.
Start taking your probiotics as soon as you begin your strict anti- Candida diet mentioned above. You should avoid taking them and antifungals at the same time.
They come in either powder or a capsule form. However, tablets are recommended as they will ensure the introduction of bacteria into your digestive system without too many getting destroyed in the process.
It's also suggested you take the soil based probiotics instead of the conventional regular lactic based solutions because these organisms colonize the digestive system more efficiently and are more likely to reach the small intestine tract.
My favorite ones that I use are from: ParaGone
Buy yours here today!
Anti-fungals are the last essential element of a Candida healing process. There is a variety of antifungal products you can add to your diet. Antifungals will destroy the walls of the Candida yeast and reduce the colonies in your system.
The most popular antifungal treatments include grapefruit extract and caprylic acid. Others include nystatin and eraxis.
Natural anti-fungal remedies include the following
- Turmeric
- Oregano Oil
- Olive Leaf Extract
- Ginger
- Cinnamon
- Cloves
- Garlic
- Grapefruit Seeds
- Black Walnut
- Aloe Vera
- Golden Seal
Cook using coconut flour instead of the standard baking flour. Coconut bread is a great substitute for the wheat bread you consume every morning as wheat bread supports the growth of yeast in the digestive system.
Coconut oil, which can be added to your cooking, is an inexpensive type of anti-fungal remedy. Take a maximum of two tablespoons of coconut oil. Consuming too much of it might lead to diarrhea and stomach cramps. Apart from inhibiting Candida growth, coconut oil is also great for your skin and hair and will enhance your immune system. Another Coconut oil benefit is that it doesn't break down into fats when cooked at high temperatures
Use coconut vinegar and aminos to make some delicious dressings instead of using the standard soy sauce. You can also use coconut vinegar to make marinades, as it is packed with nutrients and is also great in reducing the growth of Candida in the digestive tract.
This is it about the bad, bad, bad Candida disease! I hope this article is useful to you and you can start applying changes to your everyday diet and make a life changing progress. We all suffer from some light Candida effects and to make a detox and cleansing ones or twice a year is recommended for everyone.
With Love Your,
Grace Guru


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Tournament Links: NCAA Bracket | Digital Game Program | Diplomats in the Postseason
Colorado College | Website
Series Record: F&M leads 1-0
The College of New Jersey | Website
Series Record: TCNJ leads 16-4
Bowdoin | Website
Series Record: First Meeting
Adults - $6
Seniors/Students w/ IDs - $3
Children (3-12)- $2
Saturday, May 19 - NCAA Round of 16
Lions Stadium - The College of New Jersey
Game 1: TCNJ vs. Bowdoin | 11:30 a.m.
Game 2: F&M vs. Colorado College | 2:30 p.m.
Sunday, May 20 - NCAA Round of 8
Lions Stadium - The College of New Jersey
Game 3: Winner of Game 1 vs. Winner of Game 2 | 1:00 p.m.
Series Records: F&M is taking on Colorado College for the just the second time in program history. The Diplomats won the first meeting 9-5 back in 2001. F&M could face TCNJ for the 21st time on Sunday, with the Lions holding a 16-4 all-time advantage. A matchup with Bowdoin would be the first in program history.
National Rankings: F&M is ranked No. 7 in the latest coaches poll, while TCNJ is ranked first and Bowdoin ninth.
F&M's Road: F&M earned an at-large bid into the Tournament and defeated Tufts 12-11 in the second round to advance to the regional rounds. The Diplomats are making their 20th NCAA Tournament appearance, and 12th in the last 13 years. F&M is 31-16 in NCAA Playoff games and 19-1 at home in NCAA games since the start of the 2006 Tournament. The Diplomats have advanced to the Final Four twice in the last three seasons and have won NCAA Championships in 2007 and 2009.
Colorado's Road: Colorado College received an at-large bid after completing the regular season with a 14-4 record and took down Claremont-Mudd-Scripps in the second round.
TCNJ's Road: TCNJ earned its 34th trip in the NCAA Tournament after winning their eighth consecutive NJAC Tournament. The Lions defeated William & Smith last week to advance and have won 14 National Titles in program history.
Bowdoin's Road: Bowdoin is making their seventh appearance in the NCAA Division III Tournament after finishing as the NESCAC Runners-up two weeks ago. The Polar Bears advanced to the weekend by defeating Stevens 18-8 last weekend.
All-Region: Three members of Franklin & Marshall's women's lacrosse team were named to the Intercollegiate Women's Lacrosse Coaches Association (IWCLA) All-Metro Region Team, announced Thursday. Seniors Paige Moriarty and Danielle Harrington, along with sophomore Maggie Hanzsche all earned a spot on the first team. Complete Release


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"Chicken" – March 22
Back home, back on the healing couch and back to the drawing board. Here's one I did last week before the #osbmxrtrip for @michael.de.wit cat "Chicken". If you want a commission DM me. I was given some new brushes and got to sit in on a lesson from my art hero @shawndbarber while I had some downtime in LA. Woohoo. #mh_paints oil on #skatelitethanks
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"Olley" – April 6 2017
@dus1049 dog "Olley", on a beach, by request. DM for commissions. Thanks! #mh_paints
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Aries and Tyche – April 16th 2017
Aries and Tyche for @wademadeglass. DM for commissions. Happy Easter. Thanks for your support! #mh_paints
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Big Air – May 1 2017
I've been asked many times to paint this photo @marklosey took of me on my big ramp in 94. I finally took it on for John Rokos. Whew. That took patience. #paintingandhealing#mh_paints DM for commissions. Thanks for your support.


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Hillside Hotel
The Hillside Hotel is located in Sydney's Northwest. It offers catering to all groups. The company has a dedicated team of bartenders, chefs and a functions team. Our designers really came to the party on this masterpiece, designing from scratch we created artwork, which ties in with their branding which not only looks great but also is a fun way of capturing their audience.
This van has been wrapped using Avery Dennison vinyl with a high gloss laminate and one-way vision on the windows which allow the passengers to view out but also gives them the privacy and shade you would want when leaving a club in the early hours of the morning.
Make an Enquiry
Feel free to send us an enquiry with some details on the services you require and we will get back to you as soon as possible to discuss the project further.
Download Our Free E-Book
Get your copy of '9 Ways Vehicle Signage Can Get You Ahead Of Your Competition' by joining our mailing list


text: I just bought a Leviton Decora Sureslide Dimmer switch for my dining room light. I first purchased a single pole switch (b/c there's only one switch for my dining room chandelier) BUT when I began to disconnect the old regular switch I realized that it was a 3 way. I then went back to the store and purchased a 3 way dimmer. I followed the directions EXACTLY. BUT, when I turned the power back on, my dining room light did not work at all and the switch now controlled and dimmed the following 3 lights (#1 front door, #2 Foyer, #3 Hall/Stairs-wich has two switches) I'm completely confused. I thought that maybe I labeled the wrong "common" wire SO I tried all possible combinations. When I did get the dining room light to work and dim, the other 3 lights (see above note) did not work at all. DOES ANYONE KNOW WHAT I'M TALKING ABOUT????


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Plane 3-Piece Canvas Print
Click to change image.
Pick-up from Value City Furniture - Falls Church on or after Thursday, September 26th
Get it how and when you want it. Preferred scheduling and delivery costs available at checkout.
- Prep and assembly of your furniture. Except on "Ready to Assemble" merchandise.
- Professional set-up and placement in your home.
- In-home service for repair or replacement of defective items for one year.
- Free shipping to local stores. Option selected at checkout.
- Convenient pick-up times.
- Ability to designate a friend or family member to pick up for you.
Dimensions: Width: 81 '' Height: 54 '' Depth: 2 ''
Achieve timeless elegance with this historic triptych.
More Information
Black and white photography adds an elegant look.
Wrapped canvas softens the appearance of the art.


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REMEMBER: I will randomly choose random questions from either Styleocity's Formspring, Twitter,or Facebook Page. (BTW: They don't have to be fashion related!)
Questions from Formspring:
1. Favorite Shoes?
Flates; I love Payless's Shoes; but I can't pick a specific pair.
2. What is the current trend that you love and hate?
Love: tights/leggings, pea coats, leather jackets, scarves
Hate: hoop earrings, lace, knee high boots
3. Hi, I like your blog :) Do u know any ways I can wear gray/blue/green jeans? Because I just bought some and I have no idea. I wear almost anything, but converse
Thanks :D All of those colors would go great with a simple top with a leather jacket. The green jeans would also look great with a khaki jacket. Choose something simple because you don't want to over power the outfit with a lot of color. And for shoes you could go with the simple flats, or moccasins. Hope this helped :D
4. How can I dress like Aria from Pretty Little Liars?
ohh perfect I made a blogpost about that :D http://styleocity.blogspot.com/2011/01/dress-like-aria-montgomery-for-less.html hope this helped :D
5. What's your favorite city?
New York :D


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So I have returned from my travels to Tibet. I would have to say it was one of the most eye opening experiences of my life. Firstly it is a beautiful country filled with beautiful people, but there is no doubt pain behind that beauty, most of which I don't think a lot of people know or get to hear.
I was fortunate enough to speak to and listen to the REAL stories behind Tibet and in part briefly witness what's going on re: China's "Liberation" and so on that note I will be doing a blog that covers everything that happened, the good, the bad, the ugly.
I will announce something soon about this, I have so many notes, so much to write down, so many thoughts, so many feelings and experiances. Photos don't do it justice, words won't either but i will try.
"The Dalai Lama encourages foreigners to visit Tibet and to inform others of their experiences on their return."
And thats what i intend to do……….


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Selkie *Online Only*
Selkie *Online Only*
from 3.00
Inspired by the world of Pandora Celtica, this blend is a wonderful blend of ginger and lemon. Perfect for a cold night with a touch of honey or straight as iced tea. The ginger and lemon in the blend is also good for musicians' throats!
1 ounce will make roughly 10-17 cups. (1 tsp of tea = 1 cup)


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