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Author: Johnathan Zandrew Cheng
Institution: University of Hawaii
Date: March 2007
Bacterial biodegradation is the basis for the bioremediation of contaminated sites. The key to its success is the use of bacterial strains with high metabolic activity for target contaminants. The goal of this project is to understand the bacterial biodegradation of dinitrotoluene (DNT) by a novel marine bacterium, Pseudoxanthomonas sp. JA40. Isolated along with forty other bacterial species from contaminated Johnston Atoll sand in 2003, JA40 is hypothesized to degrade DNT because it evolved in an environment deficient of organic nitrogen sources but rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's). The new JA40 species has also been identified as a facultative anaerobe making it well suited for in-situ remediation of explosive contaminated coastal areas. The results of this study revealed that JA40 growth and DNT degradation are optimized in anaerobic conditions. The identification of metabolites present in both aerobic and anaerobic JA40 cultures, using GC-MS analysis, suggests the bacterium's ability to consume DNT as both a nitrogen and carbon source.
The field of bioremediation research uses biological agents to degrade and neutralize hazardous environmental pollutants. In the 1960's the earliest bioremediation applications involved the treatment of sewage using biofilms on rock filters (World Water Council, 2005). By the 1970's studies had evolved into the use of microbes in the bioremediation of oil in water (Kator, 1973; Shmaefsky, 1999). Since then, bioremediation research has expanded significantly to introduce novel techniques such as biostimulation, bioventing, and biofiltration to remove environmental contaminants (Alexander, 1994).
Bioremediation is based on the principle that microorganisms grow on available carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, some of which are contained in toxic compounds. Early bioremediation research was dedicated to obvious sources of carbon contaminants such as petroleum materials, while nitrogen and phosphorus sources were provided in abundance (Atlas, 1981; Alexander, 1994; Margesin, 2001). In recent years, however, research has begun to shift towards the bacterial bioremediation of pesticides and munitions, compounds in which the nitrogen source is considered the contaminant. In these studies the carbon and phosphorus sources were provided in sufficient quantity while nitrogen containing s-triazine compounds such as atrazine and dinitrotoluene were targeted (Oh, 1998; Nishino 2000; Neumann et al., 2004). The natural affinity of bacteria toward these basic elements makes it an invaluable tool for controlling the increasing numbers of polluted sites.
The remediation of chemically contaminated sites has become a priority for many organizations with the establishment of the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1970 (Environmental Protection Agency, 2005). As a result, the field of bioremediation research has matured to the point that it is now accepted as a cost effective way to eliminate chemical pollutants from waste sites (Alexander, 1994; Shmaefsky, 1999; Aken, 2003) and is projected to receive increased investment in the near future (World Water Council, 2005).
The feasibility of a specific bioremediation technology is determined by a variety of parameters, which include biotic and abiotic factors as they relate to the diverse conditions of the natural environment. Biological factors include the rate at which the microorganism breaks down a compound, the availability of target and inhibitory compounds, and the toxicity of the degradation products to the microorganism (Dibble, 1979; Neumann et al., 2004). Abiotic factors include the target compound's volatility and likelihood of photodegradation (Alexander, 1994; Eweis et al., 1998). It is also a fundamental issue that the costs associated with using these bioremediation methods are less than the cost of the current technologies employed. Nevertheless, researchers must face the challenge of replicating and optimizing natural degradation processes, before they can be certain about employing a new bioremediation method as a suitable solution (Alexander, 1994).
The removal of DNT from contaminated areas has been of primary concern due to its potential carcinogenic effects toward humans. Symptoms of DNT poisoning include headache, methemoglobinemia, and cyanosis (Christopher, 2000; Environmental Protection Agency, 1986). DNT has been extensively found in the soil and groundwater of previous TNT manufacturing sites, leading to the contamination of waste treatment systems (Nishino et al., 2000). The bioremediation of dinitrotoluene has been previously studied with microorganisms (Oh et al., 1998; Nishino et al., 2000). The complete mineralization of DNT as a carbon source was accomplished by the bacteria Psuedomonas sp. (Spanngord, 1991). Recently, dinitrotoluene was successfully utilized as a primary nitrogen source for the bacterial strain Burkholderia cepacia R34 (Johnson, 2002). However, the DNT degrading bacteria strain was only able to degrade 2,4-DNT to the 2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-6-oxo-2,4-hexadienoic acid (Johnson, 2002). Even though noticeable amounts of DNT were degraded, Burkholderia cepacia R34 was not able to achieve complete mineralization of DNT. Due to the few known bacteria capable of degrading DNT, the bioremediation of explosives remains an area of continuing research interest.
This work presents new information on the capability of a novel marine bacterial isolate, Pseudoxanthomonas sp. JA40 (Harada et al., submitted), to degrade DNT in the presence of high salinity. Isolated along with forty other bacterial species from contaminated Johnston Atoll sand in 2003; JA40 is hypothesized to degrade DNT containing explosives because it evolved in an environment deficient of organic nitrogen sources but rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's). Outcomes of this work may contribute to the limited body of knowledge that currently exists on bacteria capable of degrading explosives (Esteve-Núñez, 2001). JA40's tolerance to high salinity also bodes well for its potential use in coastal zone management.
Materials and Methods
Cell Line Maintenance:
The pure JA40 strain was isolated from successive dilutions of PAH and PCB contaminated Johnston Atoll soil spread-plated on Difco Marine Agar (Franklin Lakes, NJ) (Harada et al., submitted). Colonies appearing after 3-5 days of incubation at 30 οC were re-streaked for isolation on the marine agar. Working JA40 cultures were plated onto marine agar and maintained at 30 οC in an incubator. Stock JA40 cultures were kept in Difco Marine Broth (Franklin Lakes, NJ) at -80 οC with 50% glycerol (v/v).
Basal Salt Medium:
Liquid basal salt medium consisted of 0.875 g K2HPO4, 0.3 g NaH2PO4H2O, 0.125 g MgSO4, 1 mL of trace metal solution, and 5 g NaCl, dissolved in 500 mL of deionized water (Oh, 1998). The added trace metal solution was composed of 0.05 g Na2MoO4H2O, 0.09 g Na2B4O710H2O, 0.08 g FeCl36H2O, 0.065 g CoCl26H2O, 0.085 g CdSO48H2O, 0.08 g CuSO45H2O, 0.05 g ZnSO4, 0.06 g MnSO4H2O per 1000 mL of distilled water. The pH of the basal salt medium was adjusted to 7.20 with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution. The medium was sterilized by autoclaving at 120 οC for 20 min. 100 μL of filter sterilized vitamin solution composed of 0.002 g biotin, 0.002 g folic acid, 0.005 g thiamine HCl, 0.005 g vitamin B12, 0.020 g niacin, 0.020 g para-aminobenzoic acid per 100 mL of distilled water, was added after autoclaving to prevent vitamin decomposition.
Preparation of JA40 Inoculum:
JA40 colonies were picked from the stock marine agar plates (Franklin Lakes, NJ) and then resuspended in a centrifuge tube containing 1.5 mL of 1% filter sterilized saline solution. After 2 min the bacterial cells were pelleted in a centrifuge for 3 min at 5,000 rpm. The pelleted cells were then washed once and resuspended in 1.5 mL of saline solution prior to use as an inoculum for either aerobic or anaerobic growth.
Aerobic Growth of JA40:
650 μL of the JA40 innoculum, 250 μL of a 0.35 g/ml glucose solution, and 100 μL of a 125,000 ppm DNT solution (in acetone) were added into Erlenmeyer flasks containing 250 mL of basal salt medium (Table 1). Specifically, three controls, one without glucose, one with no bacteria, and one without DNT were set up. The flasks were capped with a 0.45 micron Whatman Bug and placed inside an incubator shaker held at 180 rpm for a total of 29 days at 40 οC.
Anaerobic Growth of JA40:
500 μL of the JA40 innoculum, 15 μL of 0.35 g/mL glucose solution, and 6 μL of 125,000 ppm DNT solution (in acetone) were added into appropriate test tubes containing 15 mL of basal salt medium (Table 2). Similar to the aerobic experiments, 3 sets of controls were used as defined in Table 2. Each test tube was purged with grade 5.5 nitrogen for a total of 3 min before placement in an incubator set at 40 οC for a total of 36 days.
Optical density readings for aerobic growth of JA40 were collected on days 15, 22, and 29. Readings for the anaerobic growth were measured on days 22 and 36. All absorbance readings were taken at 600 nm wavelength using Varian Gary 50 Bio UV-visible spectrophotometer.
An aliquot of 25 mL aerobic culture supernatants was taken on days 14, 21, and 28 for DNT and metabolite extraction. An aliquot of 15 mL anaerobic culture supernatants was taken on days 22 and 36 for DNT and metabolite extraction.
Extraction of DNT and Metabolites from Aerobic and Anaerobic Basal Salt Medium Cultures:
The extraction of DNT and its metabolites from aerobic basal salts media culture was executed using liquid-liquid extraction of 25 mL samples of culture supernatant against 12.5 ml of ethyl acetate. Three consecutive extractions were conducted with the ethyl acetate layer from each separation collected and filtered through a glass funnel containing sodium sulfate. The ethyl acetate extract was then concentrated to dryness using a rotary evaporator. The DNT containing residue was then redissolved in 5 mL of a 1:1 mixture of methanol:acetonitrile and a 1 mL aliquot was sampled for LC-MS analysis (Campbell et al., 2003). A separate 2 mL aliquot of the redissolved DNT residue was concentrated to 0.2 mL using a nitrogen evaporator for subsequent GC-MS analysis.
The extraction procedure of DNT and metabolites from anaerobic basal salt medium culture was the same as that for the aerobic cultures, except with reduced volumes. The total amount of culture was 15 mL extracted three times with 7.5 mL of ethyl acetate. The DNT containing residue was redissolved in 5 mL of a 1:1 mixture of methanol:acetonitrile, where a 1 mL aliquot was sampled for LC-MS analysis and a separate 2 mL aliquot was concentrated to 0.2 mL for GC-MS analysis.
LC-MS Analysis of DNT:
DNT calibration standards were prepared from standard grade 2, 4-dinitrotoluene to 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. An Agilent 1100 LC-MS (Wilmington, DE) was used for the analysis. The separation column was a Hewlett Packard Zorbax Column SB-C18 (narrow bore 2.1 cm x 150 mm x 5 μm) (Palo Alto, CA). The column flow rate was held at 0.7 mL/min and the temperature was maintained at 44 °C. During the first 15 min, the solvent carrier was a water-methanol mixture of 75:25 that was linearly reduced to 65:35. In the next 5 minutes the methanol-water mixture was stepped back up to the 75:25 ratio and then held for 5 min. While the standard injection volume was 15 μL, the sample injection volumes were limited to 2 μL in order to adjust for the highly concentrated DNT in the sample extracts. The elution was recorded at 254 nm along with a full UV spectrum (Campbell et al., 2003). Dinitrotoluene was identified and quantified from the resulting chromatogram and mass spectra.
GC-MS Analysis of DNT Metabolites:
DNT metabolites were identified using a Varian 3800 GC and a 1200 Quadrupole MS (Walnut Creek, CA). A Varian Factor Four Column (30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm) VF-5ms (Walnut Creek, CA) was used. The injector temperature was held at 210 °C, while injection volumes were at 1 μL per sample. The temperature in the GC oven was held at 80 °C for 1 min then increased to 320 °C at a rate of 10 °C per min and held there for 2 min. The helium flow rate was maintained at 1.0 mL/min. Ion detection by the MS was held in the 45 to 550 amu range.
Aerobic JA40 Bacterial Growth
The JA40 bacteria cultured in aerobic conditions showed little to no growth throughout 28 days of incubation, with only minor fluctuations in absorbance readings centered around zero and no change in culture turbidity.
Aerobic JA40 DNT Degradation
As the concentration of DNT on day 28 was equivalent to that in the control (88%), the expected dinitrotoluene degradation was not observed for aerobic growth of JA40 (Table 3).
Anaerobic JA40 Bacterial Growth
JA40 bacterial cultures showed an increase of approximately 0.3 in absorbance readings from days 22 to 36 (Figure 1B). The growth observed in the JA40 inoculated flasks are substantially larger than that observed for the DNT control. The growth the JA40 containing cultures is inversely related to DNT degradation over days 22 to 36 (Figure 1A). This result is considered accurate as the DNT control showed little growth and DNT degradation. Comparing these numbers with the values of JA40 in aerobic conditions (Table 3), the JA40 in anaerobic conditions had considerable growth and DNT degradation.
Anaerobic JA40 DNT Degradation
Dinitrotoluene breakdown was observed in the anaerobic DNT degradation by JA40 (Figure 1A), with DNT levels in the JA40 lowered to 48% by day 36. By contrast, the control showed no such pattern by day 22, suggesting the degradation trend to be valid. Recovery from the DNT control was at 74% on the same day (Table 4). After day 22, as the DNT levels for the JA40 containing flask continued to decrease while the DNT control did not (Figure 1A), a consistent degradation trend developed.
Comparison of the two anaerobic JA40 cultures reveals that greater degradation of DNT occurs in association with the glucose carbon source consumption. This result is clearly indicated on day 36 where the DNT levels remaining in the JA40 cultures in the presence and absence of carbon were 27% and 48%, respectively (Table 4). The DNT degradation rate increased when JA40 was facilitated with a carbon source.
DNT Metabolites
Dinitrotoluene metabolites were found in both aerobic and anaerobic JA40 culture extracts deficient of an added carbon source. The metabolites included 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene, an expected product from the reduction of a nitro group to an amine group on dinitrotoluene (Figure 2). Along with this metabolite, the 2, 4-dinitroaniline compound was also observed (Figure 2) suggesting that JA40 may have acquired a carbon source by converting the methyl group of dinitrotoluene into an amine group. No such metabolites were identified in the aerobic and anaerobic JA40 cultures containing an added carbon source. Furthermore, no metabolites could be identified in both aerobic and anaerobic JA40 cultures towards the last sampling date.
Aerobic JA40 Growth and DNT Degradation
The absence of significant bacterial growth in the aerobic cultures verifies JA40's slow overall growth rate (Harada et al., submitted). Comparing the incubation periods of the JA40 aerobic cultures to the anaerobic cultures, a longer incubation period may have been required for significant bacterial growth to be observed. The absorbance values taken for the first 28 days of incubation may have just been a record of an extended lag phase for the slow growing JA40 bacteria. If the incubation time were increased to 36 days, as in the anaerobic cultures, a greater JA40 aerobic growth might be achieved.
Even though the lack of DNT degradation remains consistent with the absence of bacterial growth in the aerobic cultures (Figure 1B), there still remains a possibility that JA40 can degrade DNT if a longer incubation period was allowed for the bacterium to grow. As in previous research conducted on the bacterial degradation of DNT, levels of dinitrotoluene always remained at preliminary levels until bacterial growth was observed (Nishino, 2005). Therefore, it can only be concluded that DNT degradation is not observed during long periods of lag phase, and that aerobic environments may not be the best place to promote DNT degradation.
Given the observed bacterial growth under anaerobic conditions, it is likely that JA40 can breakdown DNT in aerobic conditions. The reduced degradation may be due to the presence of a constant oxygen supply in aerobic cultures, perhaps decreasing the immediate need for the JA40 bacterium to reduce the nitro groups for respiration (Grishchenkov, 2000). If true, this would explain the slower rate of DNT degradation observed for aerobic growth. In order to test this idea, JA40 can be grown in aerobic conditions and tested for the degradation of amino-nitrotoluenes. If greater degradation does result, over the same time interval, then this test may imply that the reductions of the nitro groups are the limiting step in the degradation pathway of DNT.
Anaerobic JA40 Growth and DNT Degradation
The absorbance values for days 22 and 36 for JA40 anaerobic growth follow the pattern of exponential bacterial growth that is expected (Spanggord 1991; Oh, 1998; Nishino 2000). The decrease in DNT levels verifies the growth of JA40 in anaerobic culture (Figure 1A), as previous studies on bacterial biodegradation have indicated similar trends (Oh, 1998; Nishino 2000).
The inverse relation that is observed between the increase in bacterial growth and the decrease in DNT remaining in the anaerobic JA40 cultures (Figure 1) suggests that the bacteria are growing due to their consumption of DNT. These similar observations were made in past studies of dinitrotoluene degradation, while comparing bacterial growth to remaining levels of DNT over a timeline (Oh, 1998; Nishino, 2005). These results suggest that JA40 is capable of using DNT in anaerobic conditions. Having made the observation that JA40 degrades DNT in oxygen deficient environments, an increased rate of sampling before day 22 and after day 36 would achieve a greater characterization of JA40's functionality in anaerobic conditions.
The finding that DNT degradation by JA40 was faster in the presence of carbon is consistent with previous studies regarding bacterial degradation (Oh, 1998). Bacteria facilitated with a carbon source were shown to degrade target compounds faster. However, the degradation observed in the carbon deficient JA40 culture (Figure 1A) also suggests that the bacterium is able to acquire carbon in addition to nitrogen from DNT. However, further verification of this idea would require the accurate identification and quantification of resulting metabolites. In general, the difference in degradation rates observed in the presence and absence of carbon in the bacterial cultures shows that the degradation of DNT by JA40 is improved with the availability of a carbon source.
DNT Metabolites
In past studies the most common metabolites of DNT such as 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene and 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene are expected to form, as the degrading bacteria reduce nitro groups to amino groups (Noguera, 1997). The presence of an aminonitrotoluene metabolite in the aerobic JA40 cultures was not anticipated, as there was no significant indication of bacterial growth or DNT degradation. However, the identification of this metabolite in the aerobic JA40 culture, with no added carbon source, suggests that DNT could be breaking down at a very slow rate.
The detection of DNT metabolites in the anaerobic JA40 cultures was expected, however, only the carbon deficient culture contained the metabolite 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene. This observation is best explained by considering the difference in degradation rates of the anaerobic JA40 supplemented with and without glucose. Earlier studies regarding the biodegradation of DNT showed that amino-nitrotoluene metabolites were degraded in less than one day after their formation (Christopher, 2000). The detection of the amino-nitrotoluene metabolite was shown to be dependent on the overall rate at which DNT is metabolized. Due to the increased rate at which DNT was consumed in the JA40 anaerobic culture supplemented with glucose, chances of detecting of the amino-nitrotoluene metabolite would have been infrequent. The absence of any metabolites on the last date of sampling in all anaerobic JA40 cultures reconfirms the notion that amino-nitrotoluene metabolites are continuously broken down.
The presence of 2, 4-dinitroaniline in both aerobic and anaerobic JA40 cultures deficient of an added carbon source suggests the notion that the methyl group on the DNT molecule is consumed as a carbon source by the bacteria. It is likely that JA40 uses DNT as a carbon source given the bacterial growth and DNT degradation observed in anaerobic conditions. However, in the aerobic conditions, a longer incubation time would be needed to observe substantial JA40 growth and DNT degradation.
The difference between the JA40 growth and DNT degradation observed in the aerobic and anaerobic cultures suggests the idea that the reduction of the nitro group is an initial step in the degradation pathway of dinitrotoluene. These results are supported by previous work that showed amino-nitrotoluene metabolites resulting from the degradation of DNT (Noguera, 1997; Christopher, 2000). This bacterial process of respiration has also been noticed in previous studies of facultative anaerobes in oxygen deficient environments (Grishchenkov, 2000). Thus the presence of oxygen may actually be limiting the rate of DNT degradation by JA40, implying that JA40 growth and DNT degradation are optimized in anaerobic conditions. Based on the identification of the metabolites, 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitroaniline, the JA40 in aerobic and anaerobic conditions are likely to be using DNT as both a nitrogen and carbon source. However, a greater frequency of sampling, longer incubation times, and a quantification of metabolites would be necessary to confirm this new hypothesis.
The author gratefully acknowledges support from NSF grant #02-43600, the University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, and NRL award # N00173-05-2-C003. In addition, the author would also like to thank Dr. Michael Cooney for his guidance and leadership in the Marine Science Undergraduate Research Fellowship Summer Program.
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text: Geaux Saints 42 Posted March 14, 2018 For an undrafted guy, Clement was pretty impressive as a Rookie. Scored 6 TDs during the regular season and was a serious weapon as a receiver in the postseason. If the Eagles don't re-sign LeGarrette Blount could Clement be this years Chris Thompson - a legit RB2 despite not getting a huge workload? Talented kid in an elite offense has me liking his upside in 2018 if Blount is not around. Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites

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Adam Moore
Hi Friends! My name's Adam Moore, and I'm from Louisville, Kentucky. I'm a sophomore at Western Kentucky University studying Psychology. (I may add another major in Communications too, but we'll see).
I'm so excited to have the opportunity to join the Bike4Alz team this year. I've worked at an assisted living center in Louisville for nearly three years now and have formed very close relationships with many of the residents there. Unfortunately, the reality of working at such a place is the time with many of my favorite folks is limited. I have seen first hand the devastation that Alzheimer's brings -- devastating husbands and wives who have to watch their spouse suffer and children who have no guarantee their parents will remember them from day to day.
The lady I'm probably closest to at work is Ms. Spinosa. She is 96 years old and took care of her husband with Alzheimer's for years until he passed away a couple years ago. Ms. Spinosa is the sweetest lady I've ever met, and it hurts me to think of the physical and mental toll it must have taken on her to see her husband lose his memories. This summer, I ride for Joe and Louise Spinosa and for memories that should last forever.


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In no particular order, here are my top five stationery stores in New York City, which you shouldn't miss the next time you visit.
- C.W. Pencil Enterprise. The newcomer to the New York stationery scene opened this spring, after previously operating online-only, and already has been written up in the New York Times and New York Magazine, among others. The shop is tiny, in a good way, meaning that it is carefully curated and every product featured in the store was personally chose by the owner, Caroline Weaver. I am primarily interested in writing with pencils, but there is much to interest the artist as well. The selection of Caran d'Ache (high-end Swiss pencils) is second-to-none, including my personal favorite, the Caran d'Ache Swiss Wood. The store also carries a wide variety of notebooks, sharpeners, and books about pencils. I could spend hours here (which unfortunately was impossible this past weekend).
- Kinokuniya Bookstore. A Japanese book and stationery retailer located on the western edge of Bryant Park. While the majority of Kinokuniya is devoted to books and magazines (both English and Japanese), the store also has a phenomenal stationery department, including an entire wall of Japanese notebooks and paper, an aisle devoted to fine-tipped ballpoint, gel, fiber-tipped, and brush pens, mechanical and wooden pencils, erasers, and a few novelties. Even if I don't buy much, or simply browse for an hour, I visit every time I am in town, without fail. Since Art Brown Pen Shop closed down a couple years ago, Kinokuniya is also one of the few options for fountain pens in New York City.
- McNally Jackson. A popular, if pricey, independent bookstore in SoHo which also has an office supply branch around the corner. If you can afford them, the office supply store carries some beautiful items. The bookstore has a "stationery nook" that stocks various high-end journals and pocket notebooks, including the limited edition Baron Fig Maker Edition, which I immediately grabbed. In the past, I've had decent luck finding rarer "colors" editions of Field Notes stocked here, but couldn't find the elusive "yellow" version of the Field Notes Two Rivers Edition.
- Blick Art Materials. I always visit the Nolita and SoHo outposts of Blick when I'm in town. They carry a great selection of pencils, colored pencils, pastels, paints, and other art supplies. They also have a huge selection of sketchbooks and notebooks from Moleskine, Rhodia, Semicolon, etc. Prices are competitive, and they will order anything for you if they don't have it in stock. DaVinci Artist Supply is another great one, but I don't find myself there as often.
- Fountain Pen Hospital. When I am in the City during the week, I try to make the trek down to the Financial District to visit FPH. The last dedicated fountain pen store in New York City, it has occupied the same space since 1946. The store is fairly large, carries both modern and vintage pens, and offers pen restoration and repair services. The selection of ink is also very good. Closed on the weekends, which is a bummer.


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Erythrocyte indices
Alternative names
RBC indices; Blood indices; Red cell mass measurement; MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin); MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration); MCV (mean corpuscular volume)
Red blood cell (RBC) indices are part of the complete blood count (CBC) test. The indices include:
- Average red blood cell size (MCV)
- Hemoglobin amount per red blood cell (MCH)
- Hemoglobin concentration (hemoglobin amount relative to the size of the cell) per red blood cell (MCHC)
Red blood cells transport hemoglobin which, in turn, transports oxygen. The amount of oxygen received by tissue depends on the amount and function of RBCs and hemoglobin. The MCV, MCH, and MCHC reflect the size and hemoglobin content of individual red blood cells.
See also RBC count.
How the test is performed
Blood is drawn from a vein, usually on the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The puncture site is cleaned with antiseptic, and an elastic band is placed around the upper arm to apply pressure and restrict blood flow through the vein. This causes veins below the band to swell with blood.
A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected in an airtight vial or a syringe. During the procedure, the band is removed to restore circulation. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.
For an infant or young child, the area is cleansed with antiseptic and punctured with a sharp needle or a lancet. The blood may be collected in a pipette (small glass tube), on a slide, onto a test strip, or into a small container. Cotton or a bandage may be applied to the puncture site if there is any continued bleeding.
The values for MCHC, and MCH are derived from the hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), and red blood cell count (RBC) by mathematical calculations:
- MCHC = Hgb/Hct
- MCH = Hgb/RBC
The MCV is measured directly.
How to prepare for the test
No special preparation is necessary.
For infants and children, the preparation you can provide for this test depends on your child's age and previous experience. For general information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics:
- infant test or procedure preparation (birth to 1 year)
- toddler test or procedure preparation (1 to 3 years)
- preschooler test or procedure preparation (3 to 6 years)
- schoolage test or procedure preparation (6 to 12 years)
- adolescent test or procedure preparation (12 to 18 years)
How the test will feel
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.
Why the test is performed
MCV values reflect the size, and MCH and MCHC reflect the hemoglobin concentration of individual cells. These RBC indices are useful in the diagnosis of types of anemia.
Anemias are classified on the basis of cell size (MCV) and amount of Hgb (MCH).
- MCV less than lower limit of normal: microcytic
- MCV within normal range: normocytic
- MCV greater than upper limit of normal: macrocytic
- MCH less than lower limit of normal: hypochromic
- MCH within normal range: normochromic
- MCH greater than upper limit of normal: hyperchromic
Normal Values
- MCV: 80 to 100 femtoliter
- MCH: 27 to 31 picograms/cell
- MCHC: 32 to 36 grams/deciliter
What abnormal results mean
Anemias have been classified as follows:
- Normocytic/normochromic (NC/NC) anemia - from blood loss, prosthetic heart valves, Sepsis, tumor, or aplastic anemia (for example, due to chloramphenicol toxicity)
- Microcytic/hypochromic anemia - from iron deficiency, lead poisoning, or thalassemia
- Microcytic/normochromic anemia - an erythropoietin deficiency from kidney failure
- Macrocytic/normochromic anemia - from chemotherapy, folate deficiency, or vitamin B-12 deficiency
What the risks are
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling light-headed
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
- Multiple punctures to locate veins
Special considerations
Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.
by Gevorg A. Poghosian, Ph.D.
Medical Encyclopedia
All ArmMed Media material is provided for information only and is neither advice nor a substitute for proper medical care. Consult a qualified healthcare professional who understands your particular history for individual concerns.


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rEprint Series Ebooks
John McPhee, by Michael Pearson
John McPhee, by Michael Pearson
In this first full-length study of McPhee, Michael Pearson argues that the writer successfully employs the techniques of fiction writing in his journalistic art while honoring his obligation to fact. In exceptionally lucid and entertaining prose, Pearson approaches his subject thematically, examining McPhee's lifework in the realms of personal profiles, sense of place, science and technology, and nature. In a comprehensive biographical chapter, Pearson traces the chief influences shaping McPhee's works, including his virtually lifelong residence in Princeton, New Jersey, his 30-plus years as a staff writer for the New Yorker, and his experiences as camper and later counselor at Keewaydin, a boys' camp in Vermont. Separate chapters examine the development of literary nonfiction as a genre and the techniques that distinguish McPhee's writing from other journalists'. Informing the discussions throughout are quotations from personal interviews Pearson conducted with the writer; of special interest is "The Shape of the Future," a concluding chapter in which Pearson synthesizes the comments of other literary journalists interviewed for their insights into McPhee's works. Highly accessible to students yet of distinct appeal to scholars, John McPhee provides a valuable supplement for journalism classes and courses in advanced expository writing.
From Booknews
A study of the contemporary American non-fiction writer whose 23 books and collections of essays have been popular among both critics and the public. Argues that he successfully employs techniques of fiction while honoring his obligation to fact. Approaches his work from such themes as sense of place, science and technology, and nature. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.
Michael Pearson teaches creative writing and American literature at Old Dominion University. He has published essays and stories in The Boston Globe, The Baltimore Sun, The Atlanta Journal and Constitution, The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Southern Literary Journal, Shenandoah Review, and Creative Nonfiction, among many others. He is the author of five nonfiction books - Imagined Places: Journeys into Literary America (1991 -- listed as a notable book by The New York Times Book Review), A Place That's Known: Essays (1994), John McPhee (1997), Dreaming of Columbus: A Boyhood in the Bronx (1999) and, most recently, Innocents Abroad Too (2008), which recounts two journeys around the world by ship on the Semester at Sea Program. Pearson has also written a novel, Shohola Falls (2003), a coming-of-age narrative that imagines the hidden life of Mark Twain and the journal of Thomas Blankenship, the real-life Huck Finn. Willie Morris, the former editor of Harper's said, "Michael Pearson is one of our nation's finest memoirists."


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Utilize the curriculum you have already purchased or plan to purchase. Our content rating teams will review everything from readability to standards alignment, and everything in between.
Brain Shapes provides a Virtual portfolio that will compile data, that propels a learner through their individual learning styles. this stays with them for life.
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Since we opened our doors, Brain Shapes has been helping students fulfill their potential. We do this through personalized instruction, working hand-in-hand with the student's classroom teachers for the most efficient learning.
All Brain Shapes trainers are licensed to teach by the state. Many also have certifications or licenses for specific approaches.
Brian Patterson, Helped Co-Found Brain Shapes, with a strong desire for disrupting traditional education, Brian has always been an advocate for helping children to reach their dreams through a passion for learning. learn more


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Press Opportunity – on 27 April at 10.30am
at Gilbert White's House, Selborne (The Wakes Field)
The start of the long-awaited Great Gilbert White Walk from Selborne to Oxford (a walk in the footsteps of pioneering naturalist Gilbert White) – all journalists welcome to help give Rosemary Irwin a great send-off!
At 10.30 am from The Wakes Field (with the stunning backdrop of Gilbert White's former home, The Wakes, now the Gilbert White's and the Oates Collections), Rosemary Irwin, chairman of the trustees of the Museum and brainchild and organiser of this walk, will be setting off for Oxford.
There will be a photo opportunity and chance to interview Rosemary and others. On the day she will be accompanied by Bryan Oates (great nephew of Captain Oates, celebrated alongside Gilbert White at the Museum), who will lead a grey pony, dressed as Captain Oates. Ronnie Davidson Houston will also be in costume as Gilbert White, riding a pony (we think Gilbert travelled to Oxford on horseback as he got travel sick in a carriage!). Clare Francis, author and herself an explorer as a single-handed yachtswoman, will be coming at the invitation of Bryan Oates.
Over 80 people have so far signed up to walk in the footsteps of the great pioneering eighteenth century naturalist and writer, Gilbert White. Rosemary will be tackling the 74-mile journey which Gilbert regularly took during his days as fellow of Oriel College.
Says Rosemary; 'This walk is all about making Gilbert White's huge contribution to natural history and science better known, and to raise money to help us renovate the museum so that we can continue to fascinate lovers of the English landscape and nature for years to come'.
Further information: If you'd like to attend please let me know. Do also let me know if you'd like an interview with Rosemary or any of the above. Contact Kimberley James (01420 511275 ex 20) email@example.com
Background information: The Reverend Gilbert White was a naturalist, scientist, writer, gardener, clergyman and countryman. His delightful book about the nature and countryside surrounding his beloved village in the South Downs – "The Natural History of Selborne" (1789) – is one of the most popular books in the English language and has never been out of print. 'Gilbert White's book, more than any other, has shaped our everyday view of the relations between humans and nature.' says Richard Mabey, naturalist and White's biographer.
Rosemary is hoping that, through her long walk from the Hampshire corner of the South Downs to Oxford, Gilbert White will get the attention he justly deserves. Says Rosemary;'How many people know that he was a great man, a scientist, a writer of genius, a lover of nature and gardens, someone who could classify 'little brown birds' by their songs into different species, had a delightful sense of humour and cared deeply about the poor? He is considered to be 'the father of ecology' because of his ground-breaking discoveries through the study of weather, plants and 'wild things' Even Charles Darwin claimed that he stood on the shoulders of White and made a pilgrimage to Selborne in 1857.'
White is famous for the way he studied – making minute observations over a long period from his garden as well as from his walks and rides in the countryside near his home, noticing things – like the fact that owls hoot in B flat! Says Simon Barnes, writing in The Times (1 June 2013) '(White) invented three entire sciences: ecology, ethology and phenology (the study of recurring seasonal events) which is of immense relevance now, as climate change has become one of the most pressing issues facing the planet ….he saw the connections and the connectedness. He understood the way it all fits together."
The route:
Day 1: 8 miles (Selborne – Shalden)
Day 2: 9 miles (Shalden – Newnham)
Day 3: 9 miles (Newnham – Beech Hill)
Day 4: 8 miles (Beech Hill – Sulhamstead)
Day 5: Rest
Day 6: 11 miles (Sulhamstead – Goring)
Day 7: 12 miles (Goring – Dorchester)
Day 8: 9 miles (Dorchester – Abingdon)
Day 9: 9 miles (Abingdon – Oxford)
About the Museum: Gilbert White & the Oates Collections is an Independent Charitable Trust and Accredited Museum, Reg Charity No. 307098. "The Natural History of Selborne," published by the Reverend Gilbert White in 1789, has been described as "the first serious work on ecology", and is one of a handful of books that have never been out of print since publication, along with the Bible, the works of William Shakespeare & Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress. Gilbert White was a pathfinder at the birth of ecology. He pointed the way to the organised study of the natural world which is a vital weapon in our ability to monitor, measure and understand what is happening to our planet. The Scott Expedition of 1912 – commemorated in our exhibition to Captain Oates – laid the scientific foundation for modern climate studies based on understanding the Antarctic.


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Monaco Ice Grey Textured Leather Shoulder Bag
912 $
Out of stock
d'Este's Andrea Dominoni has a fascination with French riviera where he takes inspiration. This Monaco bag is named after the city – Monaco – center of elegance and style. Crafted in the brand's Italian atelier from textured ice grey leather, it opens into ivory leather interior. If you prefer to carry yours over the shoulder or cross-body, attach the strap. Monaco bag is always embellished with crown engraved hardware, automatic closure with logo and inside zipped pocket.
- Grey leather (100% Calf)
- Snap fastening front flap
- Nickel free silver metal details
- 100% Made in Italy
- Inside zipped pocket
- Comes with its dust bag


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Brisbane Broncos upset Bulldogs 16 -11
All the hype ahead of the Bulldogs' NRL clash with Brisbane at Suncorp Stadium on Thursday night surrounded Ben Barba - and at the time he wasn't even playing.
But even Canterbury's last-minute injection of the controversial No.1 could not steal the limelight away from a desperate Broncos as they ran out 16-11 winners in front of 26,599 fans.
Barba was the name on everyone's lips ahead of kick-off after the NRL launched a probe into the Bulldogs' handling of his early-season suspension.
And tongues were wagging again when Barba received a late clearance for an ankle complaint and came off the bench in their final hit-out ahead of the finals.
Especially with Brisbane also sweating on the NRL investigation's outcome after recently trumpeting a three-year deal with Barba just last week.
And Brisbane would have been forgiven for hoping Barba's Broncos arrival was sooner rather than later after explosive fullback Josh Hoffman - the man expected to make way for their star recruit next year - went off with a shoulder complaint in the 25th minute.
But backrower-cum-winger Corey Oates stole the limelight, latching onto a Peter Wallace cross-field kick in the 75th minute to notch a try-scoring double and lock up the gutsy win.
It provided some solace as the Broncos drew the curtain on the worst season in their club's history.
Brisbane - who trailed 6-4 at halftime - finished with 10 wins for the season.
Their previous worst season was an 11-win effort in 2010 - a tally that resulted in then coach Ivan Henjak being sacked.
But it seems Brisbane are looking at a rosy future with Barba on board who made the most of his limited opportunities on a night both sides threw caution to the wind.
Barba did not emerge from the bench until the 36th minute but showed glimpses of his 2012 Dally M Medal winning form to help set up Krisnan Inu's 66th minute try that locked up the scores at 10-10.
And the Dogs looked to have become the ultimate party poopers on veteran Brisbane pivot Scott Prince's 300th and final game when Canterbury halfback Trent Hodkinson potted over a 72nd-minute field goal to give the visitors the edge.
However, Oates crossed in the dying minutes before Prince capped a dream farewell with a sideline conversion to seal a face-saving win for Brisbane.
It wasn't a massive blow to Canterbury's finals campaign - they will still host a knockout playoff next week - but Bulldogs coach Des Hasler was far from impressed by their sloppy display.
"If you only complete 18 sets with the ball for two halves then you can't expect to win too many games - let's be honest the Broncos had enough ball to win four games," he said.
"It wasn't a good performance.
"But it's sudden death from here - the players know that."
Asked if the return of Barba ahead of the finals could add something to their title tilt, Hasler interjected: "if we hang onto the ball".
Meanwhile, Broncos coach Anthony Griffin said the win was a "good sign of character" after enduring a lead-up that included criticism from club greats such as former captain Gorden Tallis who called for a "massive shake-up" at Brisbane.
But he preferred to focus on Prince after he drew the curtain on his 16-season career with style.
Prince said he savoured hammering home the sideline conversion that secured the rare win.
"It was sweet, and it was needed to just put them out of reach," Prince said.
"I am very fortunate and humbled. There was that milestone but I was more impressed with how we finished the season - it was good to finish with a win."
Griffin said Hoffman had torn an AC shoulder joint but remained hopeful the fullback could contest the end-of-year World Cup for New Zealand.


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I've spent years avoiding watching Most Haunted for two reasons: one is the swearing level, and the other one is that when something allegedly happens they scream and run away – what's the point in being there if you run … Continue reading
Thank you to everybody who sponsored me, I'm sure the Yorkshire Air Ambulance Charity will appreciate the donations. Two things I hadn't anticipated – or not enough – about Hallowe'en night were: how cold it was going to be, and … Continue reading
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Originally posted: 15/08/2012 It looks like the Daily Mail is trying to redeem itself after being caught out by the ghost app by publishing, with a slightly more balanced viewpoint, some older 'ghost' photos. A nod to the Professor Richard … Continue reading


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I just watched a powerful YouTube clip about disconnecting from your electronics in order to connect with the people around you. I then read a book this weekend titled "Quiet' about the power of being an introvert and how many with this personality attribute find the power of their voice in social media - therefore in the ability to connect electronically. Today, I am sitting in an airport and I am looking around at the many people surrounding me and I count 25 within eyesight and 24 are connected to an electronic device of some kind - myself included!
How do we navigate this thing called connections when it seems that we are on a natural path to disconnect from in-person, face-to-face conversation and connect in a virtual world? I believe it is like most things in our life, balance is the key. Here are a few examples of how I am trying to find my balance:
1) This weekend at a family event we banned all technology from the dinner table and then my husband and I planned the food, drink and a game of "Shut the Box" to hold our families attention. We had a tremendous hour of just interacting together, and no one missed their phones. The reality is that if we had not intentionally planned for our interaction - it would not have happened.
2) My husband and I have also been working hard to get back into shape and we take a long walk together whenever we can. No phones are allowed. It is our time to talk and share what is going on in the world and in our lives.
3) I have a terrific team at Boomer Consulting, Inc. and we hold a meeting quarterly where the entire team gets together in one room for a full day and we update our strategic plan, talk about our life events and all in all, just get to know each other again. It is an event. It is powerful. It is free of conversations using electronics.
I want to hear from you. What are you doing to disconnect so that you can connect in your life? Send me your suggestions so that I can share them in a future column with this audience. I'll bet that collaboratively we can help others find balance in their lives.
About Sandra Wiley
Sandra Wiley is President, Boomer Consulting Inc.


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New Chevy Buick Brake Booster Complete w/ Master Cylinder & Reservoir
New Brake Booster Complete w/ Master Cylinder & Reservoir for 10-15 Buick Lacrosse, 12-13 Regal, 13-15 Chevy Malibu, 12-13 Orlando. Qty: 73 on trays. Part # 22875715 = 13317102 (booster) 22908217 (cylinder)22758182 (reservoir) open to Offers!
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For today's project I stopped by the Retro Sketches blog to see what's new this week. Ooh, a tag sketch, fun!
Here are the supplies I used:
Stamps: Wild for Watermelong (Flourishes)
Copics: R20, R22, R24, YG000, YG01, YG03, YG07, E37, E74, E77
Paper: Real Red (SU!), XPressIt Blending Card, radom piece of DSP
Accessories: Crystal Effects, Silver Cord, Bling, Dimensionals (SU!), Stitched Circle Die (MFT Stamps), Circle Die (Spellbinders), Red Ribbon (LSS)
Thanks so much for stopping by today 🙂


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The Last Descent
The details of the passing of John Jones in Nutty Putty Cave have been well documented, but his story did not end there. Witness the power of love, family, and the Plan of Salvation in this critically acclaimed film that shows that family bonds extend beyond this life.
Customer Ratings & Reviews
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Saving money on buying stolen goods is not illegal, if you are buying watches, jewelry, electronics and more from PropertyRoom.com.
The online bidding and shopping site is populated with stolen, seized and forfeited goods recovered by police agencies across Florida (and country). Participating local agencies include police departments from Fort Lauderdale, Pembroke Pines and Boca Raton. These agencies save on the money it would cost to store these items in perpetuity, and some proceeds make it back to local department and city coffers. Check out my previous Sun Sentinel column here.
Among the items available for this Mother's Day:
Michael Kors Ring Tote in new condition, starting at $110.
Apple Powerbook, starting at $6.
Red French Connection dress, size 2, starting at $6.
Google Android WiFi Tablet, 7-inch screen, new condition, starting at $21.
Skull and Bones 2.00 ctw Diamond Necklace made in 18KT yellow gold, starting at $562.


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I had to write about this, I think its very common. This will be my 4th labour and its playing over and over in my mind.
I've had 3 good labours, first labour was long but I was only in proper labour for 12 hours, second labour I was induced but it was quick, 4 hours from first contraction and my third labour was 6 hours. Both labours one and three were water births and with all three I only used gas and air.
From my experience being as relaxed as possible makes a less painful birth, I felt in my third labour I got so anxious about the labour I paicked and it was painful from the first contraction. It didn't help they started 3 minutes apart, I thought he was going to be born at home.
If I think about what i'm worried about its just the non knowing how I will cope even though pain relief is there. I can't stand the pressure feeling you get in labour, I didn't get it with my induced labour as my waters were broken, I'm wondering if breaking my waters will stop that feeling.
I have been doing some hypnobirthing audios and listening to relaxing music everyday, I've watched some people have amazing births so I am planning to use these audios/music in labour.
After my last labour we were allowed home less than 4 hours after I had given birth. I remember it didn't help as was weird I had left the house at 5pm, returned at 1am with another little person. I kept playing the labour over and over and made me feel anxious over it. I don't know why it was a good birth.
I do know that once my little boy is in my arms it won't matter!


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Solon author to sign books in Brunswick
Author Julie Walker Mitchell, a resident of Solon, will be signing copies of her book April 12 in Brunswick. Details from a news release:
WHEN: 2014-04-12TIME: 8:00am-5:00pmWHERE: Grace Baptist Church, 3480 Laurel Rd, Brunswick, OH 44212WHAT: Mitchell, a resident of Solon, OH, will be available to sign copies of her books, 365 Days of Hope and Praying through the Psalms.In this world there will be much sorrow and sadness, and most people could use a little encouragement as they travel through this life. 365 Days of Hope provides scripture verses and hopeful thoughts for those who feel caught up by the trappings of this world. With each month centered on a different theme, this book can be read in any order the reader wishes. Each day begins with a scripture reading and is followed by words of comfort, guidance, strength, and hope. Whether a lifelong Christian, a new believer, or somewhere in between, 365 Days of Hope is an easy read that contains something for everyone.
How do you express yourself in prayer? How do you pour out your heart to God? Do you lift up your joys and sorrows and give thanks for your blessings? The Psalms are filled with prayers mostly written by King David. He was a 'man after God's own heart' and his relationship with God was strengthened by his time in prayer. Does your relationship with God need bolstering? When you are overwhelmed with the troubles of this world, do you need some encouragement? 'Praying Though the Psalms' gives you a place to start your conversation with your Heavenly Father. After reading some verses from the Bible, Julie Walker Mitchell encourages you to develop and deepen your relationship. There is a prayer written for each day based on the reading and you have an opportunity to write in your own prayer or prayer request. Sometimes we are so stressed we don't know how to begin to talk to God. This book is an excellent starting point for some and an opportunity to build a more solid spiritual foundation for others. Prayer should be an integral part of our lives and a focal point for our spiritual growth.
Labels: author appearance, book signing, local authors


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U.S. symbols, historic landmarks, and all other things quintessentially American inspire patriotism and a sense of pride for our great nation. For a kid, there is no better vacation than a family road trip across the US to experience all that America has to offer. Exploring America is a great way for kids to learn about American history and to put them up close and personal with U.S. symbols and historic landmarks. This is a great way to combine a vacation with a fun and educational experience that puts a lot of emphasis on American history and a sense of our country's origins. This is also a fantastic family bonding experience, a way to get in touch with American patriotism, and something to see, do, and learn instead of just sitting at home during summer vacation. The following article takes a look at some famous U.S. symbols and American landmarks and might just inspire you to head out on the open road with your family!
American Symbols
While America as a country may only be 235 years old, its majestic and captivating symbols have already gained worldwide status as symbols that stand for freedom and liberty. Some symbols like the bald eagle, the flag and the U.S. national anthem are recognized around the world. The bald eagle does not only look strong with its curved beak and its sharp eyes, but it is also the national bird of the U.S. America's Founding Fathers were excited about comparing their new country to the Roman Republic, which also used eagle imagery in a significant way. The American Flag has 50 stars that stand for the U.S.'s 50 states, while the Flag's 13 stripes stand for the 13 colonies that defied the British Crown. The Star-Spangled Banner is the U.S.'s national anthem, and its words come from Francis Scott Key's 1814 poem that described the bombing of Fort McHenry by the Brits. During a road trip, parents can find no better place than to put kids in direct touch with the Star-Spangled Banner than by taking them to a baseball game.
American People
A big part of America's history has also been the famous and exceptional Americans who have contributed to making the country's history rich and memorable. Famous American people have been as integral to the history of America as its famous symbols and landmarks. One of the best places to start with famous Americans is the list of famous presidents, some of whom have had a huge impact on the course of the country and really changed its direction. Abraham Lincoln—whom kids can easily identify by his beard—was the first Republican president, and he is credited (as is the Republican Party) with ending slavery through his leadership in the Civil War. Other famous American people are not necessarily people per se, but more like personifications or symbols of America. In the case of Uncle Sam, for instance, Uncle Sam is not a real person, but is represented in pictures as an old, stern man who personifies the U.S. government; Uncle Sam has been used to recruit for the military.
American Places and Landmark
In a country with a huge surface area like America has (3.79 million square miles), there will be a lot of space for a whole bunch of neat landmarks. Famous and impressive American landmarks appear all over the country and in many states, which makes a road trip the perfect way to see all neat sights. Take Mount Rushmore (actually Mount Rushmore National Memorial), which is found as far north as South Dakota, is not only a world-famous tourist attraction, but it also is an ideal way to combine a history lesson with an impressive sight to see. The mountain features a sculpture of four U.S. presidents carved right into the granite rock face: Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, Theodore Roosevelt and Thomas Jefferson. Of course, the most famous landmark has to be the White House, which is located in Washington, D.C., and it is the seat of power for the whole country, if not for the entire free world. Another appealing U.S. landmark to view during a road trip is the famous Golden Gate Bridge out in the West Coast city of San Francisco, which is one of the longest suspension bridges in the U.S. and has been called one of the most photographed bridges on the planet.


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COLLECTION| Fam Irvoll FEB'13
Today's Fam Irvoll show saw an explosion of colour hit the catwalk this season. Inspired by TLC and the early 90's, Fam's Autumn/Winter collection was a showcase of Lichtenstein pop prints, and bombers in fuschia and electric blue.
Accessories were oversized backpacks printed with noughties' era acronyms 'YOLO' and 'LOL'; platform canvas shoes with plastic lips, pompom bobble hats and large hoop earrings. Traditional catwalk etiquette was a no-go for Fam with the energy captured in the collection's colour and print mirrored with bopping models, dancing and even singing their way down the catwalk, with cholo-lined lips and tattooed brows. The concept was a distinctly urban update on the 90s, the lyrical update on TLC with Drake's 'YOLO' proof that Irvoll has planted the past firmly in the present.
Words by Brooke McCord (@BrookeMcCord)
Photographs by Kris Elliott (@KrisElliott)


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Lay Off, People
Today's lead story in Nashville's bastion of irrelevant journalism, The Tennessean, details Al Gore's electric bill.
Riveting, I know.
The article takes the angle that the Gores spend over $1,000 a month on electricity. The article claims that this is too much for a man who has become the head cheerleader for the environmental movement.
While the article points out several fact about the Gores' power usage, it doesn't draw the right conclusion: that anything any of us do to offset our carbon footprint is a positive step. Here's what should be gleaned from the article:
- The Gores spend nearly 40% of their monthly bill on green power. Most people spend far below that percentage.
- While the Gores do use a LOT of power, they are taking more and more steps to offset their consumption, such as investing in solar panels and other renewable resources.
- They drive a hybrid car. Those things ain't cheap.
Yes, the leader of this whole green thing should be held to a higher standard. He is. And he's living up to it. He may use a lot, and sure, he should decrease consumption. But the steps he's taking to offset that use are laudable and head and shoulders above what the average person does.
But the point is that everyone should do what little things they can to make a difference where they are. We can't all buy hybrids and windmills; but we all can recycle our coke cans and newspapers, and carpool and turn off lights.
Baby steps, people.


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Colonel Percy Fawcett was an explorer of the old school, never happier than when eating his own boots or when one false step would spell certain death.
He disappeared in 1925 searching for a lost Atlantean city in the Matto Grosso of Brazil, but before the first world war he successfully completed half a dozen major expeditions to survey the jungle borders of Bolivia. Most of his early adventures began or ended in Rurrenabaque, described in his memoirs as "a dismal heap" on the way into the jungle, "a metropolis on the way out". Then, it was a rough frontier town of wooden shacks. The only foreign residents were two down-at-heel English rubber traders, two penniless American gold prospectors and a Texan gunman on the run called Harvey. (At first, I wondered if this might have been Harvey Logan of Butch Cassidy's Hole in the Wall gang - like the Sundance Kid, he used a feathered Smith & Wesson without a trigger - but in Fawcett's more formal age, Harvey would probably have been his surname, and an alias.) Most of the population were drunk by 11am.
The journey overland from La Paz took Fawcett at least a fortnight, but you can now, in under an hour, fly spectacularly across the Andes, landing on a bumpy grass airstrip cut out of the rainforest with a single shack for a terminal, a long way from Heathrow. Arriving there still feels like the start of a big adventure.
The town is immediately recognisable from the photograph in Fawcett's book, with only one paved road and a few brick buildings among the old shacks. But the population has sobered up, even though the town boasts far more bars than it did in Fawcett's time; and, far from dismal, it has become quite a jolly place, acquiring a degree of prosperity as a backpacker centre, the gateway to the rainforest and the pampas.
Most of the travellers I met were professionals taking time out, and in a motorised dug-out canoe up the Tuichi river, I sat next to a media planner who lived a mile down the road from me in London. We had probably sat next to each other many times on the 77a bus without noticing.
In England, the Tuichi would be a major river; in Amazonia, it's a tributary of a tributary of a tributary. Fawcett once survived a bad spill over a 20ft waterfall in its upper reaches, but Dr Messinger was not so fortunate. He was the intrepid explorer in Evelyn Waugh's A Handful Of Dust, a character certainly based on Fawcett. A 10ft waterfall did for him, his hat floating very slowly towards the Amazon while the water closed over his bald head.
The media planner and I were on our way up quieter waters to the Chalalán Albergue Ecológico in the largely unspoilt Madidi National Park. Six hours upstream, we stopped at a small, unmarked beach for a half-hour walk through the forest to a small clearing with half a dozen mahogany huts beside a beautiful, still lake. Stumbling feverishly through the jungle, Tony Last, the hero of A Handful Of Dust, came to a clearing like this, the home of the sinister Mr Todd, but his domain was less hospitable.
Chalalán is owned and run by the local Quechua-Tacana tribe, who are not at all like Waugh's Pie-Wie indians. Their traditional dress appears to be jeans, T-shirt and trainers, and they look more like Incas than indigenous Amazonians. (Perhaps they first came here as fugitives from the conquistadores.) My guide, one of the few who spoke any English, was called Nelson.
But Chalalán is not a normal hotel. It has no room service, air conditioning or minibars, and you are expected to take your rubbish away with you when you leave. The rooms are basic, and the jungle is always close at hand through their wire-mesh walls. The lights (rather dim) are solar powered, as, in theory, are the showers. The food is plentiful and surprisingly good (international with a slightly odd local accent) if a little heavy in the intense humidity.
You are asked not to touch the wild animals, not that you'd want to touch many of them. You are advised to bring a torch, not so much to find your way to the loo in the dark, rather to make sure you don't tread on anything that might retaliate.
You are also encouraged to swim in the lake although the water is too warm to be refreshing and too murky to reveal what might be lurking only a few feet away. The caimans are large and numerous but probably harmless. "Are there any piranhas?" I asked. "Oh yes, many!" said Nelson cheerfully. But piranhas are not as dangerous as they have been made out to be. So long as you don't swim with an open wound or just downstream of a slaughterhouse (neither of which you are likely to want to do), you would be unlucky to be attacked.
Once when short of food, the Brazilian explorer Colonel Rondon dynamited a stream. One of his men collected more fish than he could carry in his arms and put a stunned piranha head first in his mouth. This is also not recommended.
Another local fish with a bad reputation is the candiru. It looks innocuous, like a miniature eel less than two inches long, but it has the unfortunate habit of inserting itself into the penis of unsuspecting bathers. Because of its backward-slanting barbs, it cannot be pulled out and can only be removed by slitting almost the entire length of the penis and taking it out head first. But this should also not put you off swimming as it will probably leave you alone if you remember not to pee in the water. Perhaps local authorities should put them in English public swimming pools. Somehow, I never got round to swimming, but I knew that Fawcett and many others would have thought nothing of it.
Beyond the clearing, the forest is restless, noisy and claustrophobic, utterly strange yet oddly familiar, like a sedate English wintergarden seen on mescalin. With the dense canopy and the complete absence of breeze, it doesn't feel like outdoors. Half-recognised houseplants grow to monstrous size. Far away, the howler monkeys sound like the rumble of a distant motorway. The rainforest smells of wet leafmould, like an indoor garden centre. Occasionally, there is an intense gardenia-like scent from unseen flowers high up in the canopy. Mostly, it smells of Deet, which you constantly spray on your clothes and body to keep the insects at bay. The light is green and dim like a drained aquarium.
The Madidi's 19,000 sq km are home to only a few hundred people but contain more than 700 species of mammals and rodents, over 1,000 species of birds and at least 5,000 species of flowering plants. But looking for wildlife in the Amazon is not like an African safari, where even on a short trip you can expect to see most if not all of the "big five". Due to the diversity of food sources and the density of the undergrowth, you're unlikely in three days in the Madidi to see any of the Amazon's big five - the jaguar, sloth, giant anteater, tapir and armadillo. (Useful piece of information: the Spanish word for armadillo is almost identical to one of the words for homosexual - this could lead to all sorts of misunderstanding, although it's hard to imagine what.)
I was sorry not to see a sloth, which has always seemed to have a sensible attitude to life, but I did stumble across, almost literally, a large and very indignant coral snake. Its mouth is small with the venomous teeth some way to the back, so you would be unlucky to get bitten, not that I remembered this at the time. All I remembered was that its bite is usually fatal. It was a nasty moment, an authentically "one false step" moment. "Do you have any serum at the lodge?" I asked later. "No, in Rurrenabaque," said Nelson unconcerned.
Somewhere out there, but even more elusive than the big five, is the blue orchid, Aganisia cyanea, which has only been found five times in the wild, the first time in 1801 by Aimé Bonpland and Alexander von Humboldt, the last person who will ever be a master of every branch of science. The diligent Yorkshire schoolmaster Richard Spruce found it twice, in 1851 and 1853, and the Spanish political exile José Cuatrecasas in 1939. Its last discovery was on May 23 1942, by the American ethnobotanist Richard Evans Schultes, another hero. He was a Harvard professor, a friend of William Burroughs, and he spent a lifetime researching and sampling hallucinogenic plants. Most plant collectors would be pleased to have a single species named after them; he had hundreds. Like Fawcett, he was a fearless traveller. Once, half-dead of beri-beri, he stopped off in the nearest town only long enough to pick up a hypodermic and some medicine before returning to the jungle.
What you will find are insects (more accurately, they will find you). You cannot escape the "small five" of fire ants, umbrella ants, termites, sandflies and, most of all, mosquitoes. Umbrella ants march in neat, bobbing lines up to 1km long, each carrying an apple-green polygon of foliage many times larger than its body. "Look! A tucandera!" said Nelson, pointing enthusiastically at an enormous black ant, the end of his finger only an inch away from it. "One bite, 24 hours of agony!"
You don't stand still for long. I took to wearing my trouser legs tucked in to my socks, which is unlikely to catch on as a fashion statement.
You will also see plenty of monkeys, birds - hummingbirds lay eggs like Tic-Tac sweets - and butterflies. Sitting in a hammock by the lake, I counted 20 different types of butterfly in less than five minutes, some as big as nine inches across.
On a fallen-down tree in the forest, we found some orchids, not in flower and almost certainly not Aganisia cyanea. Their thick, fleshy roots clung to a branch like the thing that attached itself to John Hurt's face in Alien.
The tree, nearly 50m high, had roots less than 1m deep - all this is built on nothing. It is the richest ecosystem in the world, but once cleared the land is useless for farming, or anything else. Nothing lasts for long. Dead animals, insects and plants rot down fast and are recycled. Creepers encircle the trees, strangling their host, which dies and rots away, the creepers taking on the shape of the tree with an empty space inside.
Beside the small clearing, a group of "walking" trees lurked like triffids, eager to take their place in the sun. I had thought that walking trees were a Monty Python invention, but these are a real species of palm with a trunk growing from a cone of aerial roots: the roots on the shady side die back and are replaced by new growth closer to the clearing, enabling them to move at up to 2m a year.
But the rainforest's most unlikely residents are the numerous hoatzin birds, which have two stomachs like a cow and claws on their wings like an archaeopteryx. They are ugly, scruffy creatures about the size of turkeys, and their song is completely tuneless. They fly very badly, rarely managing more than 50ft before flopping to the ground, spending their day squabbling, mating and falling over, rather like Club 18-30 holidaymakers. Their main diet is leaves which ferment in their stomachs - perhaps they are permanently drunk. The only reason they survive at all in such a competitive environment is that the fermentation produces a vile smell that deters all predators, although not other hoatzins.
It was odd to get back to Rurrenabaque where the biggest danger came from the speeding mopeds. The bright lights dazzled. It was happy hour at the Jungle Bar Moskito; people almost outnumbered the insects, they wore their best clothes, and no one had their trousers tucked into their socks.
Way to go
Getting there: The Adventure Company (01420 541007, adventure company.com) offers the Rurrenabaque Jungle as an extension to its Altiplano and Jungle trip to Peru and Bolivia. The 16-day trip also includes La Paz and Tihuanaco, Lake Titicaca, Cusco and Machu Picchu. The next trip is March 31-April 15 and costs £2,199pp (plus £170 local payment) including international flights from Gatwick, domestic flights, a combination of hotel and hostal accommodation, and some meals.
Recommended reading: Exploration Fawcett, edited by Brian Fawcett, is out of print but can be found on the internet and in Hay-on-Wye.
Further information: Country code: 00 591. Flight time: London-Miami 5hrs 40mins, Miami-La Paz 6hrs 40mins. Time difference: -4hrs. £1 = 14.14 bolivianos.


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Valentine's Day Beauty
I am obsessed with this Too Faced Chocolate Bar Palette and Sweethearts Flushed Blush.
The eyeshadow palette has a variety of 16 matte and shimmer shadows in gorgeous tones that suit everyone. I have been using the bronzed shades to create a warm smokey eye. The best part? It smells like chocolate.
I chose the Sweethearts blush in Peach Beach, it gives the perfect glow and complements bronzer. I will wear this all of Spring into Summer.
These are such cute ideas for Valentines treat!


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When I read that the daughters would all be descending on their Mom's home at the ocean, this was not the story I pictured. It's so much more. The twists and turns of "Slightly South of Simple" by Kristy Woodsen Harvey are remarkable and thoughtfully written. As a designer myself, I loved the way the author wove the world of Ansley's design business, then took a half turn and wrote the world of lapping ocean waves and sandy beaches just as beautifully. More than the beach atmosphere of the book is the complexity of the women that come to visit their mum, without asking, and all at once.
I had a pretty good idea of what this book would be, judging from the cover, but it surprised me. I instantly disliked the self absorbed Caroline, but she proves that there is room in her heart for her sisters. I felt nothing at all in common with Sloane whose husband is off at war, but near the end I was drawn into her peculiar heartbreak, and the way the family enfolds her in their arms. Emerson who juices a truck load of kale each day, has a secret, and the reader wonders if the sisters will be able to absorb her truth.
Ansley was my favorite character. Perhaps it's because I identified with her line of work as an interior designer, or maybe it's her personal story of infertility that had a few very interesting twists of it's own, having dealt with infertility myself. Maybe it's the feud with the neighbor next door. Who hasn't had that crazy neighbor?! Perhaps it's the love she didn't want to acknowledge or explore, though he was right there in her peripheral vision at all times. All of these aspects of Ansley, and the unexpected twists in her story made her my favorite character as I read this book.
Perhaps the best part of this book is the sense that these characters are all still there and we can read more about their lives in another book, and then another, and another (I hope!). I look forward to reading more from Kristy Woodson Harvey.


text: On Fri, Jul 09, 2010 at 11:17:55PM -0600, Modulok wrote: Hi, > Is there a way to reconstruct network traffic from a tcpdump file? Or > something similar? As in: analyze the dump file and attempt to > re-construct files transfered though http, ftp, known messenger > protocols, instant message conversations, http requests, web pages, > and so forth? > > There's a bunch of tools on Windows that say they do this to some > extent or another, but they require a client-side installation, cost a > lot of money, or are crawling with malicious code. I can read tcpdump > files, (to an extent) but viewing a hex dump of a jpeg is futile. Try http://chaosreader.sourceforge.net/ Most probably there is a port of it. Regards Thomas


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Nomination Guidelines
Purpose: To honor an individual who has made a positive impact in our community through giving, and whose philanthropic leadership sets an inspiring example for us all.
Nomination Process:
Complete the official nomination form and a letter explaining why your nominee should be selected as the Montgomery County Philanthropist of the Year.
Please note that the cover form must be completed in its entirety in order for the nomination to be eligible. The Awards Committee will not accept nominations which rely solely on resumes, newspaper articles, annual reports or the like in substitution for concise responses to the criteria outlined below. Pending review by the Philanthropist of the Year Selection Committee, The Community Foundation staff may contact you for additional information.
For inspiration, look no further than our past honorees.
Eligibility Criteria:
All nominees must…
- Be a resident of Montgomery County
- Have a demonstrated track record of charitable giving to one or more nonprofit organizations based in and working in Montgomery County
- Have made a positive impact in the lives of county residents through their giving
- Encourage/motivate others to become philanthropic
Note: The level of charitable dollars given is secondary to its impact and potential to inspire others to follow suit. Creative approaches to philanthropy are welcome! Nominees may be of any age.
In exceptional circumstances, the Award Committee may consider a former resident, a family unit, or a philanthropist who is deceased.
Deadline: March 23, 2018
The nomination form and letter must be postmarked or emailed by close of business on Friday, March 23, 2018 to:
The Community Foundation in Montgomery County
Attn: Bridget Hanagan
8720 Georgia Avenue, Suite 202
Silver Spring, MD 20910
The Community Foundation in Montgomery County will contact the selected awardee and her/his nominator by the end of May. All other nominations will remain confidential.
Questions: Contact Bridget Hanagan at email@example.com or 301-495-3036 x169.


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Here's a fruit tray I made for our Sunday Covered Dish dinner at church.
At the dinner, someone wondered where the Fruit Dip was. Although I was tempted to dip some in chocolate, I didn't. But I do love me some chocolate dipped strawberries!
Speaking of fruit dip…have you ever tried that super easy recipe of mixing cream cheese with marshmallow cream? Dee-licious!
If you're watching your sugar, try sweetening sour cream with a little low calorie sweetener and adding a teaspoonful of vanilla extract for a great tasting fruit dip.
Fruit is naturally low in calories, but if you're low carbing you might want to go easy on the strawberries and pineapple while skipping the grapes all together.
Sharing with


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grand partners - grand sponsors
Our HD Slide Show is a great way to reach new clients and support The Grand.
Become a Partner
If you would like to partner with us, fill out the form below and one of our staff members will contact you.
Your business benefits when it supports The Grand.
The Grand is a vital part of the Ellsworth community and the surrounding region. Our presentations and events bring visitors to Ellsworth, helping generate economic development. Stores, restaurants, and other businesses all benefit when The Grand succeeds.
The Grand serves Hancock, Washington, and Waldo counties and reaches into the Bangor region as well. Over 30,000 patrons each year attend events at The Grand, people your business wants to meet. Your support of The Grand puts your products and services in front of people with broad interests and cultural awareness.
Your gift is an investment in The Grand and an investment in the arts. The return on your investment is immeasurable. You will help The Grand achieve financial security, stability, and sustainability. Your membership will help produce community theater that engages all ages, and help bring films that connect with audiences. Your support will help preserved The Grand's beautiful art deco building on Main Street in Ellsworth.
The Grand's 'Business Partners' program starts at $250, with the 'Business Partner Plus' program at $500 But we can tailor your partnership to fit any budget. For one simple annual payment, it is designed to provide your business with exposure, advertising and the intangible buzz of sponsoring an event of your choice!!
Marketing Benefits for Your Business
When your business or organization supports The Grand, The Grand supports your business through the marketing of its events. Your logo can be placed on event and lobby posters, programs, pre-event slide shows, and linked on our website. your business is cited in media releases and radio advertisements. Benefits of support include tickets to events, recognition from the stage, and display space in The Grand lobby.
The Grand can create a support package that is right for your business.
Options include advertising, sponsorship, naming opportunities, and membership. You can decide the amount you'd like to spend and the length of time for advertising. Choose advertising on slide shows, the marquee, or in event programs. Sponsorships begin at $500 and range to $10,000 for signature events.
Business memberships offer direct operating support to The Grand through unrestricted gifts. Benefits may include your business listed on a slide, listing in annual report and selected programs, invitations to member only events, and the knowledge you're supporting a vital and vibrant institution.
Let us help you select a support package with you. Please contact us at 667-5911 or email our Executive Director at firstname.lastname@example.com to learn more and find out what works best for you.
Did you know?
The Grand:
serves a patron area that includes all of Hancock, Washington and Waldo counties (population 122,000)
presents over 200 events each year
attracts 30,000 patrons each year
entertains over 2000 local students at live events
has over 500 members
has a website with 32,000 visits a year – and growing.
The Grand is a tax exempt non-profit organization under section 501(c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code (Hancock County Auditorium Associates, tax ID # 01-0332058). Depending on your personal tax circumstances, your contribution is tax deductible to the extent the law allows.


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Borderlands 2: Captain Scarlett and her Pirate's Booty - DLC (Mac)
Release date: 2012-11-20 Forlægger: ASPYRPlease note that, for now, you cannot download content from our platform directly onto a mobile device (phone, iPod, iPad, tablets...). You need to download your items onto a PC or Mac, and then transfer them onto your device in the normal way. We are working on allowing direct downloads to mobile devices but this is not possible in the current version of the platform. Sorry about the inconvenience!
NOTICE: Requires the base game Borderlands®2 in order to play. Activation key must be used on a valid Steam account, requires internet connection. ABOUT THE GAME Enter Pirate Bay and brave a dangerous paradise in search of an ancient buried treasure. New areas, enemies, quests, and more loot await, but be prepared: the treasure is rumored to be guarded by the largest, most vicious creature o… n Pandora. Please note: This is add-on content: Borderlands®2 required to play. This content is part of the Season Pass and will be available to Season Pass purchasers in game upon release. If you own the Borderlands 2 Season Pass, do not purchase this content, or you will be charged again. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Minimum: OS: 10.7.5 (Lion), 10.8.2 (Mountain Lion) CPU Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo (Dual-Core) CPU Speed: 2.2GHz RAM: 4 GB RAM HDD: 13 GB GPU (ATI): Radeon HD 2600 GPU (NVidia): Geforce 8800 VRam: 256 MB Peripherals: Macintosh mouse and keyboard Supported Video Cards: NVIDIA GeForce® 8800, GT 120, 320M, 330M, 650M ATI Radeon HD 2600, HD 3870, HD 4670, HD 4850, HD 5670, HD 5750, HD 5770, HD 5870, HD 6630, HD 6490, HD 6750, HD 6770, HD 6970 Intel HD Graphics 3000, 4000 Gamepad support: Borderlands 2 supports the Xbox 360 wired gamepad only. Other Requirements: Borderlands 2 is required to play this add-on content Other Requirements: Initial installation requires one-time Internet connection for Steam authentication; software installations required (included with the game) include Steam Client. Internet Connection and acceptance of Steam™ Subscriber Agreement required for activation. See www.steampowered.com/agreement for details Recommended: CPU Processor: Intel Quad Core CPU Speed: 2.4 GHz RAM: 4 GB RAM VRam: 512MB NOTICE: The following video chipsets are unsupported for Borderlands 2: ATI RADEON HD 2400 NVIDIA 8600m NVIDIA 9400m, 9600m Intel Integrated GMA 950 Intel Integrated x3100 NOTICE: This game is not supported on volumes formatted as Mac OS Extended (Case Sensitive) Unauthorized copying, reverse engineering, transmission, public performance, rental, pay for play, or circumvention of copy protection is strictly prohibited © 2012 Gearbox Software, LLC. Published and distributed by 2K Games. Gearbox Software, Borderlands, and the Gearbox and Borderlands logos are trademarks of Gearbox Software, LLC. 2K Games and the 2K Games logo are trademarks of 2K Games in the US and/or other countries. Unreal, the circle-U logo and the Powered by Unreal Technology logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Epic Games, Inc. in the United States and elsewhere. Uses Bink Video. Copyright © 1997-2012 by RAD Game Tools, Inc. This software product includes Autodesk® Scaleform® software, © 2012 Autodesk, Inc. Autodesk and Scaleform are registered trademarks or trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., and/or its subsidiaries and/or affiliates in the USA and/or other countries. Powered by Wwise © 2006 - 2012 Audiokinetic Inc. © 2012 NVIDIA Corporation. NVIDIA, the NVIDIA logo, GeForce, PhysX, The way it's meant to be played, and 3D Vision are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of NVIDIA Corporation. Published and distributed by Aspyr Media, Inc. "Aspyr" and the Aspyr "star" logo are federally registered trademarks of Aspyr Media, Inc. Mac and the Mac logo are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. The ratings icon is a trademark of the Entertainment Software Association. All other marks and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Non-transferable access to special features such as exclusive, unlockable, downloadable or online content, services, or functions may require single-use serial code, additional fee and/or online account registration (17+). Access to special features may require internet connection, may not be available to all users, and may, upon 30 days notice, be terminated, modified or offered under different terms. ne play and download requires broadband internet service. User responsible for associated fees. All rights reserved.
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text:
Image: Michael Ramirez/IBD
By the Left Coast Rebel
Dear Leader's teleprompter today instructed him to ignore the horrible jobs data and instead focus on how He "saved the auto industry".
Speaking in Toledo, Ohio, TOTUS, oops, I mean POTUS, patted Himself on the back for "standing by the auto industry" and for "investing in the future of the auto industry". Makes you feel great, doesn't it? We are so lucky to have such a fabulous Leader, a Man so brilliant that He can even transcend basic economic theory and centrally plan every facet of the American economy yet somehow not allow for the creation of jobs.
Strangely, there was no acknowledgment of the jobs report today by TOTUS. Or was that POTUS? Either way, oh well.
More at CNN Money, WSJ and the Toledo Blade.
RELATED Must Read: at Reaganite Republican, "Unlikely Chrysler Comeback Made Possible ONLY by Completely Ignoring Dear Leader's On-the-Spot Guidance"
James' post plays perfectly into Obama's Toledo, Ohio appearance today, here's a taste:
Obviously Obama could use anything that resembles an economic success story right about now, so he's been quick to build a Detroit "comeback" theme into the latest campaign spiel. But how ironic that while the President is busy co-opting others' success at Chrysler, Marchionne is rushing to distance the company from a foolhardy White House and (unpopular) bail-out's stigma. Although foreign owned, the new Chrysler is planning a IPO for 2012, and is now free -as Ford has been- to pursue market-based success as best they know how.Lots more at the link.
So as long as Barack Obama is trying bask in the glow of any Detroit renaissance, we need to hold his feet to the fire on the habitual dishonesty, mistakes, losses, cronyism, and corruption it took for him to get there, as well as the fact that the White House's harebrained product ideas had nothing to do with Chrysler's early return to profitability... rather, they had to resist and work around them.


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The Left 4 Dead Blog has word that the Linux beta build for Left 4 Dead 2 is now available. This can balance the fact that there seems to be an error in the report we shared the other day about Linux betas for Portal and Portal 2 also being available, as while Portal is now out for Linux, Portal 2 is not (apologies for the confusion). Here's word on the Linux L4D2 beta:
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