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It wouldn't be a week without pink now would it?
via belle maison
and I love this little boat...read the full story here..
maxine brandy via desire to inspire
I would really like to curl up here with a book or have a chat to the portraits...that middle one wouldn't put up with much nonsense by the look of her...
via ada and darcy
via belgian pearls
isn't this a beautiful collection...
via brabourne farm
and see....I can do white!
via desire to inspire
via one to go...but not for too long :)
via il tuo tesoro
And now, but only because Sarah asked for a picture like the one of the study I posted midst clean-up (which she apparently found highly amusing!!) and Jenny who thought I was being a big girl's blouse by not showing you...here is a picture of the mayhem that was, until around 5 o'clock yesterday...my courtyard, or a corner of it. The pile has now been dealt with you'll be pleased to know, but there's still a long way to go before we have a blogworthy courtyard photo I'm afraid...
Why do I start these things?? I'm clearly barking mad...well not really (the talking to the portraits comment was a joke, you know that right?). Right.


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Dear friends,
Today, we will talk about memory, namely the memory you need to practise the respiratory self-relaxation that many of you know about. For those who don't, all you need to do is visit my website, 'www.selfarmonia.com', under the eponymous chapter. To study this complex subject, I have chosen the remarkable, accessible book, 'All about Memory' by Bernard Croisille, the neurologist, published by Odile Jacob.
In his preface, Bernard Croisille defines 'memory' the following way: "Schematically, one can say memory represents the whole of the brain processes that enable one to learn new information, keep it as long as possible and find it again at the appropriate moment. This information can come both from the inside and the outside. The outside world floods us with sensorial information, whereas our inside world brings us fundamental signals on the variations of our inner sphere, instincts or feelings. Whether they come from the outside or the inside, all these signals are kept in the form of memory traces, that are more or less elaborate, more or less solid, more or less easy to find and more or less faithful to the original information.(...) It is not unitary on the functional level. To put in another way, MEMORY ITSELF does not exist: in reality, there are different processes and different memory systems, depending on the way the information is perceived, the chronology of the learning process, the kind of information stocked away or on the recuperation process used."
This being said, let us begin from the beginning: How does our body memory function, when we are born?
"A baby remembers things from the day it is born (...) how can one prove this? By studying the newborn baby's sucking or the positioning of its eyes." But, contrary to what one might think, "(...) A newborn baby's memory is not just sensorial, it is also motory. A baby masters sophisticated gestures, gradually and definitely, such as subtle prehension , the balance of its body, then walking, articulating sounds with its tongue, and even more importantly, the handling of objects that not only allow the baby to play, but also to discover the world around it. The repeated, almost ritualistic use of a toy allows children to master a gesture, reassure themselves with the success of the accomplishment and adapt to their surroundings."
What exactly is the point of this repetition? According to Bernard Croisille:
"To be consolidated, what one learns has to be repeated and learning something again must be spaced out. Thus, for a three month old baby, reactivation a week after the first time prolongs memory retention for as long as six weeks. As with an adult, a reasonable interval of time should be left between the newborn baby's various learning processes."
In fact, to get the most out of the benefits of respiratory self relaxation, the sessions aimed at integrating the method should be weekly and last for at least six weeks.
After that, most of the body memorisation has been accomplished. It still has to be kept up of course, with weekly practice, or even more frequently if necessary, in case of important stress.
Furthermore, according to Bernard Croisille, the kind of mainspring know-how used in respiratory self-relaxation is said to be: "in a closed circuit for each element of the action reveals enough clues for it to be able to continue. It all connects, quite naturally, almost like a reflex. Even if the motor skills are initially hard to master, they resist particularly well to the passing of time: swimming, cycling, skating or roller skating"
What happens on the anatomic level? According to Bernard Croisille: "Our memory retains three kinds of information: gestures, sensorial information and emotional information. It seems therefore logical to imagine the existence of three anatomic learning systems. First of all, you find the cerebellum and the deep areas of the brain (basic ganglions, the striatum and the thalamus). They intervene in the control and automation of movements, whereas the frontal and lateral lobes are vital for keeping and initiating the programmes for gestures." This form of memory, called the 'procedural' form is found in respiratory self relaxation, when you concentrate on choosing which part of the body needs to relax, as well of the linking order with what precedes or follows it.
"The second form of memory, which concerns the outside world, is linked to the two Papez circuits, one in each hemisphere; the left one preferentially memorises the information conveyed by language, it is called the 'verbal memory'"
This is therefore the circuit used to memorise the rhythm and the tone of my voice during a session or course, then, afterwards, the inner voice of the person who is practising self-relaxation.
"The right hemisphere is better at memorising visuospatial information, such as abstract drawings or itineraries; it is called 'visual memory'. Both circuits interrelate of course, thanks to inter-hemispheric connections."
So this is the memory that is used during the visualisation of the different parts of one's body or organs (the digestive, arterial or venous itinerary for example) Each person sees them in his or her mind very specifically, thanks to their personal symbolism.
"Finally, the emotional memory is placed in the amygdala, a little organ near the hippocampus that receives sensorial information from the brain. (...): it is linked to the regions of the cerebral trunk where the autonomous nervous system is, whose job it is to control the functioning of the heart and lungs."
It is very clear here that there is a real link between one's emotions and breathing: pleasant emotions that are felt ('gratitude' for example), during respiratory self-relaxation are always linked to breathing in and breathing out. Thus, once this emotional memory of well-being has been regularly kept up with practice, all one needs is just to reactivate it, with a little deep breathing, before an appointment or an important deadline for example.
Memory is a fascinating companion, don't you agree? We might as well keep it alive!
Helen Monnet

subset: commoncrawl


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Published: 16th August 2007
Number Of Pages: 76
For Ages: 8 - 9 years old
Earn 27 Qantas Points
on this Book
"If a person has ugly thoughts, it begins to show on the face. And when that person has ugly thoughts every day, every week, every year, the face gets uglier and uglier until it looks so ugly you can hardly bear to look at it."
How do you outwit a Twit? Mr. and Mrs. Twit are the smelliest, ugliest people in the world. They hate everything — except playing mean jokes on each other, catching innocent birds to put in their Bird Pies, and making their caged monkeys, the Muggle-Wumps, stand on their heads all day. But the Muggle-Wumps have had enough. They don't just want out, they want revenge.
About the Author
Roald Dahl, the best-loved of children's writers, was born in Wales of Norwegian parents. His books continue to be bestsellers, despite his death in 1990, and total UK sales are 55 million worldwide!
About the illustrator
Quentin Blake is one of the best-known and best-loved children's illustrators and it's impossible now to think of Roald Dahl's writings without imagining Quentin Blake's illustrations.
Audience: Children
For Ages: 8 - 9 years old
For Grades: 4
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number Of Pages: 76
Published: 16th August 2007
Publisher: Penguin Books Ltd
Country of Publication: GB
Dimensions (cm): 19.68 x 12.7 x 0.64
Weight (kg): 0.09
Earn 27 Qantas Points
on this Book


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Opposite of skin word list. Here are a variety of words whose meaning is nearly the opposite of skin.
- flesh
- pulp
Hope the above listing of antonyms for skin is useful. This page may interest people looking for the opposite of skin and skin opposite.Popular phrases for this post include, opposite of skin, opposit of skin, catalog the opposite of skin, oppiste of skin, opposite word of skin, skin opposite word.


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In my April Housekeeping post I said I would post two poems a week, one that I had written and one that was written by someone else. Earlier this week I posted "Having a Coke with You" by Frank O'Hara, so this is the post that features a poem that I have written. I don't normally have titles for my poems, so they'll all be titled with the date and time they were written. Enjoy!
March 10, 2017 10:12pm
I'm soft and have a capacity for love.
I have retreated into myself so well,
I struggle with the present. I'm boring.
I'm boring. Often, I find myself
in circles, endless loops of the same
empty thoughts pressing into my brain,
weighing my shoulders, until my back
is curved away from the sun
and I'm closer to the earth, the flowers.
There are small joys in everything.
I use them to orient an overstimulating
world. When I can't sleep at night
I push myself into alternate universes
and write poetry. I don't count.
We'll never stop getting older; the sun
will never stop getting closer. Oh,
I don't know. I guess I just want it
to all add up somehow.


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A startup comes of age
Evolve a brand experience across platforms to attract the right partnerships.
A toolkit that brings partnerships to life
Pair it with a clean, branded visual system.
An experience optimized for users on the go
And messaging that hits its target.
Pick your own adventure
Where to now?


text:
Find us:
*Sonya Khegay, color of pear, color of yellow pear, color palette for wedding, color scheme for wedding, lavender, lavender color, saffron color, saffron yellow, shades of violet, shades of yellow, sunny shades of yellow, violet and yellow, yellow and violet, Yellow Color Palettes.
color combination, color matching, color matching for repair, color of gray wood, color of yellow pear, gray and green, orange and red, red and orange, shades of orange, yellow color tinged with green, yellow green.
color matching, color of cinnamon, color of green leaves, color of leaves, color of ocher, color of pear, color of yellow pear, green-yellow, light green, light yellow, orange-brown, pear color, shades of green.


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Archive for October 2013
Web Design Program – What to Look
You've chosen that Internet site design is your career in your case. You're prepared jump throughout the game, but assure for your need certain education about how to design Web pages first. But, with literally thousands of schools offering up courses in just about every possible permutation – Web page design and / or graphic design which includes a focus on Web-sites; certificates and also full amounts – how to decide in which program meets what you want?
You will also learn techniques of making an internet site look neat and tidy and experienced. Although some think it's elementary, there is a wide array of techniques included in creating a website that comes well. A wise site was compiled to allow a computer owner to fast understand the stage that the Webpage and that will easily obtain the information she needs. Although this really obviously more on the art when compared to a science, there are a lot techniques the fact that help clients navigate any page quickly site better and fast. As a new Web online site designer, be fluent for these procedures.
Finally, depending to the specific work path in store, you ought to have several other skills. For everybody who is focusing more relating to the graphic design part of Web model, you will likely need to focus on understanding about vector and additionally raster pictures. Raster sharp graphics, comprised involving grids with tiny pixels, are addicted to the specifications and quality for the image: photographs tend to be raster photographs, for case in point, and could look fuzzy or clear, depending about image specifications and conclusion. Vector images use physical points and even coordinate as an alternative for pixels, and can also be resized with no losing appearance quality. Typography, and / or the art work of finding and implementing fonts along with typefaces, furthermore important. Website page layout, and / or the expertise of blending pictures, content material, links, and super-hero images on a website to generate a pleasing general design, is furthermore very vital.
If, but, you are keen on the technical elements of maintaining a website, you will likely need to focus allot more on server supervision, namely by studying to use Online server software system (such mainly because Microsoft IIS or possibly Apache), and finding out how to run journal analysis so it's possible to track so, who visits the web page, and precisely how frequently the user gets unique customers.
Mobile Web Development – Some Amazing Advantages
A paradigm has that is set in the enhancement of business networks a lot for that growth for mobile web development. This growing has switched the habits of clients. The opening of Mobile Web development has thoroughly changed the manner in which, people look on the "Internet". Now you should not go to street, as with internet purchasing you can actually buy an individual's product via some effortless click! Also, it is the time when you can finally easily watch the pleasure with surfing! Now, you may easily gain access to many web-sites, such as- Face book or twitter, yahoo, etcetera. From your mobile phone handsets! Also at this time, when every person have a good shortage of your respective, we believe that it is very tough to receptive our computers when. So, people buy cellular phones, through which often, they may well access the online market place. In that- Portable Web Development could help all of them in two hundred thousand dollar mobile phone from the choice! As a consequence of the cell phone Internet.
As well, in the existing scenario, most people access World Wide Web through their hand held phones. Also, the swiftness of world-wide-web is sooner in cellular phones, in comparability to implementing internet by using a desktop or even laptop. However simple could possibly be to cultivate websites to get phones along with handheld tools; still Mobile Web development has many advantages & obstacles.
Moving into the future, let's focus on learn about Mobile World-wide-web Development, such mainly because – a variety of mobile users can quite simply access your blog, through their cellular phones. Also, it certainly will help the market class people whenever they are traveling for one's own work. Usually there are some challenges too you face, if you ever invest for Mobile World wide web Development. On a daily basis, we look at some unanticipated changes throughout Mobile Online Development; thus, it is usually unaffordable so you might leave any project concerning, due to help expenses. As well, you have to keep updated every single time, when the latest mobile can be launched sold in the market!
The essential factor, which represents a center role in working with a Mobile Website Development, is actually a proper 'Web Building Company'. When you've got a right Web Coming up with Company to you, then it is easy to be able to cover the full market. As well, a suitable Web Coming up with Company may design your blog post at an unusually cheap fee. So, it should easily save some money. Also, there are many added benefits & troubles. But, all your challenges can potentially be faced thanks to an ideal Web Constructing Company.
Ecommerce Website – The Importance
An online marketing website could convert your offline store to some web shop and make a lot more customers by only a click. Web online marketing design will give you many positive aspects. Your business enterprise remains open a day to your current clients. Ecommerce web page design extends a person's presence that wills distant nonetheless prospective clientele. Sitting at house or office anyone might view, opt for, order, make payment and find delivery with their desired items instantly. Thus they increase your online business and revenue also.
People right now have developed into very aware about his or her time. They more would prefer to buy items online in lieu of going out and about for procuring. An online marketing website enables those to buy his or her desired goods from their family home. They will use their charge cards for generating payments along at the ecommerce online websites. This easy means of buying goods is really a lot preferred just by people and therefore along with it the raises the importance connected with an ecommerce web page.
An online marketing website besides allows you to definitely buy commodities for themselves but additionally they can acquire gifts thus to their friends on-line. The website offers a section regarding payment along with another section for that shipping home address. In instance anyone is getting a gift, he'll make cost from this personal account and still provide the handle of this friend. Along with the gift actually gets to its destination with the right time frame. It's when easy mainly because that so that you can send something special to your household, and it is really only with the presence of the ecommerce site.
If someone moved through the entire website plus liked a thing, but don't want to buy them, the website offers a solution meant for him very. He could save an item into his particular 'Wish list' and when he wishes to order that particularly object he doesn't have a to research the full website all over again. He can contact the object in the wish listing. Thus would be the ecommerce webpage so user-friendly.
Now a question could possibly arise should the whole treatment is going on online, then what for anyone who is supplied having a disputed transport? The website now offers a method for that trouble too. The purchaser can cite a complaint with the 'Goods Return' sections and appropriate measures is going to be taken within it.
Web Development Useful Tools
Nowadays, it isn't a secret of which web development is becoming quite one very popular action to take for technologies experts in addition to followers. Their undertaking becomes easier with all the proliferation about different world-wide-web development devices. The following are just the best examples connected with tools for the purpose of web improvement:
Blueprint: This tool is usually CSS assemblies that can help minimize the amount of CSS rule that you need to write. That is done through incorporating styles which are commonly-used just by developers, just like page templates.
Firefox just isn't far behind since it has a new Web Designer extension that's both useful and intensely time conserving. Several of things that a Flock Web Programmer extension is able to do include discovering CSS/JavaScript mistakes, validating XHTML, and assisting visualize that structure of your web webpage.
Containing a massive collection of website development patterns, the Design Sequence Library helps web-developers produce sophisticated develop solutions which enables work simpler and swifter. Examples of such a web developer can buy in a new Yahoo Layout Pattern Collection include lug and slide solutions not to mention breadcrumb direction-finding.
A tool which you can use for multi-purpose testing is called Test Every little thing. Aside by helping web-developers validate page ranking, Test All sorts of things also can help save occasion and accelerate the improvement process by way of allowing web designers to try out their design in many different browsers, along with confirm XHTML world-wide-web standards. Fundamentally, Test Everything can be a multi-tasking device.
There really are countless different web expansion tools for developers who desire to generate highly powerful and attractive internet websites. The best activity to ensure that one chooses the suitable tools may be to know, above all, what kind of page or possibly site one desire to create.
Ideal Criteria of Web Hosting Company
Before we mention what can be done to certainly be a cheap and quality web number, let's be able to the simple first. A service provider is an email finder service provider that wills places your web page on your personal computer which is associated with the net. The term just for this 'computer' is termed a server. An internet hosting provider will routinely have a fast link with the Internet and they also may host a huge number of web internet sites on a lot of servers. The service provider essentially rental prices out space to you personally to help you get your web site up on virtual reality.
With a new well-managed service provider, you could free on your own from having to worry the up-keep involving complicated server technological innovation and suitable technical preservation. That's the full purpose in the web servers. You need to leave your technical operate to internet hosting professional whilst you focus yourself internet organization.
Control Screen Control Panel is surely an interface which you could access your blog online server, helping you to set-up along with subsequently bring up to date and customize your web page. Though panel is quite possibly the most popular command panel, some web hosting service providers customize their unique to be able to up-grade along with expand the idea at will certainly. Disk space an enormous majority involving sites that lack tons involving graphics, sound and films or down loadable files fit into 50 MB involving disk place. You would be wise to leave on your own some place for expansion or check if your host carries a bigger plan if you happen to need for you to upgrade. Bandwidth is the number of data transported or received by having a unit of your energy. In internet hosting, bandwidth can be consumed while visitors create requests pertaining to files on the web internet site and download the crooks to their laptops.
Database Should your web site could store a great deal of data that you should dynamically offered (like individual accounts, investment prices, road directions, Interactive reports, message snowboards and online community etc. ), you'll want to look on an account which offers a repository. MySQL is often a powerful and quite a few popular repository programs that work on the Linux function system. With the ability to handle trillion of entries at the same time its freedom and speed let you also keep logs along with pictures. MySQL is built to scale effectively under hefty traffic circumstances and is wonderful for database-intensive as well as e-commerce-enabled Websites.


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Private Entity, Draft — June 30, 2008
The small cruise ship was built in the late 1980s and carries about 120 passengers in 60 passenger guest rooms. The vessel has an overall length of about 302 feet and breadth of about 50 feet, and has six decks. Decks two through six are passenger decks. With a draught of about 14 feet, the vessel travels to ports and areas of the world not navigable to larger vessels. Decks two through six are entry decks.
Figure 1. Outboard Profile – Original Design
- Deck 1 — The first deck is open only to crew members.
- Deck 2 — The second deck (main deck) is approximately 302 feet long and 50 feet wide. Eleven staterooms are provided in the forward half of the deck, and a galley and restaurant is provided in the after half. Near the middle of the stateroom area, a stair tower connects decks one through six. Adjacent to the stair tower is the vessel's hospital. Near the bow, an enclosed stair connects an open bow area on the third deck. Between the galley and stateroom area, an elevator lobby contains two multi-user toilet rooms (one male and one female), and a stair connects deck two through six. The one elevator also connects decks two through six. From the restaurant, two aft exterior exit doors with 24 inch high coamings lead to an exterior stair which connects the third deck, and the doors also lead to the tender loading platform. The tender loading platform is about 24 to 30 inches below the level of second deck and is connected by a short stair to the main level of the deck. As the exit doors are for emergency use, the stair to the third deck is used by passengers when tenders are being loaded and unloaded.
Figure 2. Second Deck — Original Design
- Deck 3 — The third deck is approximately 302 feet long and 50 feet wide. In the forward half of the deck, 19 state rooms are provided. Toward the bow, an enclosed stair connects the second deck and an open stair connects the fourth deck. These stairs are only used by passengers in emergencies. A third stair connects the enclosed crew area on the second deck at the bow. Near the middle of the stateroom area, a stair tower connects decks one through six. Aft of the stateroom area, an elevator lobby with two multi-user toilet rooms (one male and one female) and a stair separate the staterooms from the lecture lounge near the stern. From the elevator lobby, through two exterior doors with 11 inch high coamings, two open walkways (one of each outboard side of the lounge) connect the lobby with the stern area which contains storage space for five inflatable 10-passenger tenders. Also, from each walkway, an adjustable stair/gangway can deploy to connect a portable tender boarding platform located at the level of the second deck. At the after end of the lounge, two emergency doors (one on each side of the lounge) connect the open walkways. At the forward end of the lounge, a curving stair connects the club/bar on the fourth deck. Near the stern area of the third deck, two open stairs (one on each side of the deck) connect the fourth deck, and a third open stair connects the second deck.
Figure 3. Third Deck — Original Design
- Deck 4 — The fourth deck is approximately 234 feet long and 50 feet wide. In the forward half of the deck, 15 state rooms are provided. An exterior walkway (jogging track) encircles the deck. At the bow, an open stair (used by passengers in emergencies) connects the third deck and near the middle of the stateroom area a stair tower connects decks one through six. An exterior door connects the stair tower to the exterior walkway. Aft of the stateroom area, an elevator lobby contains a stair that connects decks two through six, two single leaf doors (one on each side of the vessel) connect the open walkway and two double leaf doors in series connect the club area located toward the stern. In the aft area of the club, a library is provided, and two doors (one on each side) connect the open walkway. A bar is provided in the club and a curving stair connects the lecture lounge on the third deck. At the stern, two open stairs (one on each side) connect the third deck and another open stair connects the jacuzzi at the stern area of the fifth deck.
Figure 4. Fourth Deck — Original Design
- Deck 5 — The fifth deck is approximately 218 feet long and 46 feet wide. At the bow, the pilot house is located, followed by officer cabins. Near the middle of the deck, eight staterooms with balconies are provided. Between the officer cabins and staterooms, a stair tower connects decks one through six. Aft of the stateroom area, a small elevator lobby contains two multi-user toilet rooms (one male and one female), a stair which connects decks two through six, and one door connects a short exterior walkway on the starboard side of the vessel. From the lobby, an aft door accesses a passageway running past a small gym (on the port side) to the stern area. The stern area contains a buffet and an open deck area, about half covered by an awning. At the aft end of this area, a Jacuzzi and open stair to the fourth deck is provided.
Figure 5. Fifth Deck — Original Design
- Deck 6 — The sixth deck is approximately 165 feet long and 45 feet wide. At the bow end, a large stateroom "owner's suite" with a forward facing balcony is provided. After entering the owner's suite, two steps connect the level of the suite. Aft of this stateroom, on the port side, a (narrow) stair tower connects decks one through six. Aft of this stair, six staterooms with balconies are provided. Aft of this stateroom area, a small elevator lobby is provided which contains a stair that connects decks two through six. Adjacent to the elevator lobby, the hair dresser's space is located. All other spaces on this deck are not open to passengers and principally contain air conditioning equipment.
Figure 6. Sixth Deck — Original Design
In providing estimates on the costs of implementing (in new construction situations) the provisions of the 2006 draft passenger vessel accessibility guidelines, vessels selected for case studies needed to be of recent construction. Since newer vessels incorporate more access features as part of industry practices, such vessels provide a clearer picture of the impacts the draft guidelines would have on current new construction practices. Because the number of existing newer small cruise ships is low and the willingness of vessel ownership to participate in this study is even lower, it was found necessary to use a small cruise ship built in the late 1980s. Although the vessel is a foreign flagged vessel, the case study evaluated the impacts also based on the vessel being a US flagged vessel subject to international requirements.
Since the vessel was designed and constructed before the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) went into effect, there was concern that if the original designs of this vessel were used in the case study, the draft guidelines would produce greater impact than if the cruise ship had been constructed in the 2000s. However, maybe because the vessel was constructed for a clientele which expected more luxury, many of the provided features are at least consistent with current practices. Nevertheless, in three places (number of mobility guest rooms, number with balconies, and public toilet rooms), the cruise representative believes the features did not represent current practices and the applicable impacts were adjusted to reflect outcomes modified by current practices.
To determine the impact, the analysis went through three steps:
Step 1 – A representative of the Access Board reviewed the original general arrangement drawings of the vessel with a representative1 of the cruise company to identify passenger features that would not meet the 2006 draft passenger vessel accessibility guidelines2.
Step 2 – The cruise representative proposed new designs complying with the draft guidelines. However, the designs only showed how the impacted features were changed and the effect on surrounding spaces, but the surrounding spaces themselves were not in most cases further adjusted (for example, the enlarged elevator overlaps the adjacent stair, but the stair was not repositioned). In most situations, the adjustment of bulkheads (walls) to provide necessary clearances for access were determined to not increase the cost of a new vessel, but did create noteworthy space (and operational) impacts summarized below and resolved in Step 3. The issue numbers below correspond to the issues (and actions) discussed in more detail in the section titled "Impacts and Other Outcomes".
Space/Operational Impacts Summary
- 1.Guest Rooms – Provided three guest rooms equipped with mobility features, and provided balconies at 11 more guest rooms on the fourth deck.
- Outcome: Reduced the interior size by about 25 square feet (sqft) (about 10 percent reduction) for each of the three adjacent non-accessible guest rooms, and removed a portion of external walkway (jogging track) which encircles the fourth deck to provide the 11 balconies.
- 2.Hospital – Increased the footprint due to bigger bath room and clearances at a bed.
- Outcome: Occupied about 110 sqft of two adjacent officer cabins which have a total area of about 270 sqft.
- 3.Accessible means of escape (AMOE) – Space impacts occurred generally in providing a second AMOE from spaces required to be accessible.
- Outcome: Discussed in issues #4 and #5 below.
- 4.Doors (High Thresholds) – Ramped 24 inch high threshold (coaming) at restaurant rear exit door to provide second AMOE out of the restaurant. Also ramped 11 inch high threshold at lecture lounge rear/side exit door to provide an onboard accessible route to the exterior areas of the third deck and a second AMOE.
- Outcome: In the 1700 sqft restaurant, a switchback ramp structure reduced the space by about 160 sqft (9.4 percent reduction) and caused the loss of three tables with a total of 12 seats. In the 110 seat, 1800 sqft, lecture lounge, a ramp structure reduced the lounge by about 90 sqft (a 5 percent reduction) and caused the loss of eight seats, and created minor external appearance issues due to the raising of the exterior walkway and associated guardrail.
- 5.Doors (Maneuvering Clearances) – Provided maneuvering clearances at public doors which were part of an onboard accessible route or (principally at stair tower doors) part of an AMOE. Three groups of doors in series were further separated.
- Outcome: In general, increased the size of the center stair tower which impacted the layout of the hospital and other adjacent spaces and the size of the second deck bow stair enclosure which impacted entries to adjacent officer cabins. The changes for doors in series impacted adjacent spaces and some entries to adjacent cabins/guest rooms.
- 6.Elevator Enlargement – Increased the footprint of the elevator.
- Outcome: Reduced adjacent space, principally the adjacent stair and lobby area by about 10 sqft on each passenger deck (50 sqft total) to provide a larger elevator.
- 7.Tender Boarding Platform Access — Providing a platform lift connection from the third deck.
- Outcome: The platform lift structure coming down from the third deck and the platform lift occupying a portion of the tender boarding platform interferes with mooring and tender operations. In addition, the lift location on the third deck occupied space used to store inflatable tenders.
Step 3 – From a review of the space impacts, the cruise representative provided an estimate on how much the size of the original vessel must be increased to restore the space characteristics to that of the original vessel. Also, the cruise representatives provided estimates on applicable cost increases and comments on other outcomes.
Enlarged Vessel (Step 3 Results) – The cruise representative estimated that the original cruise ship would cost approximately $60 million to $70 million to construct in 2008. For a vessel enlarged to restore space characteristics, the cruise representative estimated that the new enlarged vessel would have to be 310 feet long, an eight foot increase. This increase in size would add from $1.8 million to $2.1 million to the vessel's construction cost. In addition, the enlarged elevator ($2,500), assistive listening system ($4,000 to $5,000), two ramp structures ($38,000), visible alarms ($40,000 to $50,000), and platform lift from the third deck to the tender boarding platform ($25,000) increased costs. Therefore, the case study estimated the cost of the vessel would increase by $1.91 million to $2.23 million, or an increase of approximately 2.7 to 3.7 percent.
Below, the case study provides more details on the impacts and other outcomes.
Impacts and Other Outcomes
1. Guest Rooms (State Rooms/Cabins)
The cruise ship has 60 passenger guest rooms. No rooms were designated as "ADA" guest rooms. The draft guidelines require that four passenger guest rooms be equipped with mobility features (mobility guest rooms) and at least one be equipped with a roll-in shower. V224.2. The draft guidelines also require these four mobility guest rooms3 to be dispersed among the types of guest rooms provided. V224.5.
As the cruise representative believes that at least one ADA mobility guest room would have been provided based on current industry practices (if the vessel was constructed in the early 2000s), the impact evaluation is based on the need to provide three additional ADA guest rooms, one with a roll-in shower.
Figure 7. Mobility Guest Room Impact.
Another industry practice was raised which concerned the number of guest rooms with balconies. Currently 15 guest rooms (on the fifth and sixth decks) have balconies, but industry practice would have much more. The case study calculated its impacts assuming 11 of the 15 guest rooms on the fourth deck have balconies and the critical exterior jogging track which encircles the deck would be provided elsewhere in the enlarged version of the vessel (Step 3), probably on a seventh deck. This increased the number of balconies by 11 which provides a total of 26 guest rooms with balconies. Balconies were not provided on the port side aft of the center stair tower because this portion of the jogging track is part of a means of (emergency) escape to the stern of the vessel.
The cruise representative proposed in Step 2 to provide one mobility guest room with a balcony on decks four through six (for a total of three guest rooms). The fourth mobility guest room required by the draft guidelines is assumed in this case study to already exist on deck two or three.
Deck four is proposed to have the guest room with a roll-in shower, and decks five and six will have transfer showers (36 inches by 36 inches). In making the three bath rooms comply with the draft guidelines, the size of the bath rooms increased from around 32 square feet to around 52 square feet for the transfer shower bath rooms (62 percent increase) and around 57 square feet for the roll-in shower bath room (78 percent increase).
Combined with needs for maneuvering clearances at the mobility guest room entry doors (which moved the room closet forward) and keeping the amenities and space needs the same as other similar guest rooms, the increase in bath room size necessitated over a 10 percent increase in the interior area of the guest rooms.
Figure 8. New Bath Room Layouts — Transfer Shower and Roll-in Shower4
These actions are estimated in Step 2, for each of the three mobility guest room, to reduce the size of one adjacent guest room by an average of about 25 square feet5 . The use of drainage systems at the three balcony doors is discussed below, in the door threshold section (issue #4 below).
2. Hospital
The cruise ship has a small hospital with one patient sleeping room containing one bunk bed and one single bed. A bath room with a tub serves the patient sleeping room. The hospital also has an examination room with a portable examination table and a small waiting room. The hospital area wraps around a stair tower which connects decks one through six. Officer cabins are located forward of the hospital and passenger state rooms are located aft and on the starboard side. The vessel is required to have three beds should passengers need isolation due to infectious diseases. The draft guidelines require that one bed have a clear deck space on both sides (36 inches wide) and a turning space be provided in the room. V223, V805.2, and V805.3. In addition, the bath room (and tub) must be accessible. V805.4.
The double-leaf doors which connect the outside passageway to the waiting room, to the exam room, to the sleeping room, have a clear opening of about 48 inches wide. The active leaf of each door has a clear opening of about 30 inches and the inactive leaf a clear opening of about 18 inches. The door to the bath room has a clear opening of about 27 inches. The draft guidelines require all four doors to be accessible and have a clear opening of at least 32 inches at the active leafs (plus have maneuvering clearances on both sides). V206.5, V404.2.2, V404.2.3, and V404.2.4.
The cruise representative proposed in the new designs to have the hospital comply with the draft guidelines. This action is estimated in Step 2 to cause the loss of about 40 square feet from one officer cabin (26 percent reduction) as shown below in the figure. The majority of the increase in the size of the hospital was due to the sleeping room needing one bed with clear deck space (36 inches by 48 inches) on both sides of a bed (the bunk was selected) and the enlargement of the bath room.
Figure 9. Hospital Impact — Original Designs and New Designs (stair unchanged)
Figure 10. Hospital Impact
However, because the adjacent stair needed to be adjusted to provide a maneuvering clearance on the pull side of the entry door, the stair tower had to be lengthened by about 20 inches. This action no longer allowed the bath room to be placed on the port side of the stair (as shown above) which required the cruise representative to propose a new hospital layout (see figure 10). This new layout, in Step 2, caused the loss of about 110 square feet from two adjacent office cabins which have a total area of about 270 square feet (40 percent reduction). As the side of the vessel curves, the bath room could not be positioned adjacent to the port side bulkhead (wall).
3. Accessible Means of Escape
The cruise ship is subject to means of escape requirements from the International Convention of Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and, for purposes of this case study, US Coast Guard (USCG) regulations. In general, these requirements mandate at least two means of escape (MOE) paths from each passenger deck to the primary area of refuge (mustering station) in the third deck lecture lounge and to the secondary area of refuge at the open stern area on the fourth deck. From these two locations, two MOE paths are required to the primary life boat embarkation area at the side exterior walkways located near the stern of the fourth deck and to the secondary embarkation area at the side exterior walkways near the stern of the fifth deck. Stairs are the components in the MOE paths which connect the decks.
The draft guidelines require that two accessible means of escape (AMOE) also connect the areas of refuge and embarkation areas. V207. The draft guidelines allow stairs to be components in an AMOE path. V410.1.2(e). As this vessel is protected by an automatic sprinkler system complying with SOLAS, the stairs which are part of the AMOE path are not required to comply with the stair technical requirements in the guidelines. V410.2 Exception 2. However, the doors to the stairs which are part of the AMOE must be accessible. V410.1.2(b). The AMOE impacts principally relate to door threshold and maneuvering clearance issues and are discussed below in more detail.
4. Doors – High Thresholds
The cruise ship operates in international waters and, for purposes of this case study, is also subject to USCG requirements. Therefore under the International Convention of Load Lines and USCG requirements, certain exterior doors must have coamings (e.g., high thresholds).
The draft guidelines require doors which are part of an onboard accessible route or part of an AMOE to have conforming (beveled) thresholds ½ inch high maximum. V206.5 and V404.2.5. However, where doors are required to have coamings, the draft guidelines allow higher thresholds for the coamings if ramps are provided. V404.2.5 Exception 3 and V404.2.5.2.
Door Coamings – Coamings are only required on decks two and three. To meet the requirements of the draft guidelines, the cruise representative proposed the following actions.
- Deck 2 – Two aft emergency exit doors from the restaurant to the stern area have 24 inch high coamings (thresholds). The cruise representative proposed to add a 41 foot long (including three landings) switchback ramp to the starboard side exit door to provide a second AMOE from the restaurant to the base of the exterior stair connecting the third deck6 , the path of the AMOE. A 24 inch high platform which is at the height of the coaming would also be included at the base of the stair. In Step 2, this action is estimated to require the removal of three tables and a total of 12 seats in the restaurant. The ramp structure occupies about 160 square feet of the 1700 square foot restaurant (a 9.4 percent reduction). Access to the tender boarding platform is discussed below (issue #7). The ramp structure to the exit door is estimated to increase the cost of the enlarged vessel designs (Step 3) by $13,000.
Figure 11. 2nd Deck – Restaurant Ramp to External Stair
- Deck 3 – On each side, toward the after end of the lounge, an emergency exit door connects the side walkways which lead to two exterior stairs (one on each side of the vessel) connecting the 4th deck. The cruise representative proposes to add an 11 foot long ramp and two five foot long landings to the port side exit door for the required second AMOE out of the lounge. In Step 2, this action would reduce the size of the 110 seat (1800 square foot) lounge by 90 square feet (a 5 percent reduction) and reduce seating by eight seats to a total of 102 seats. Also, this action would require the port side external walkway to be raised by about 11 inches to provide a platform (with a grating) outside the door with ramps at each end. The guardrail would also be raised along this part of the walkway and would create a minor appearance issue. Forward of the lounge, the elevator lobby has two exterior doors with 11 inch coamings. These doors are not required to be ramped, since the ramped lounge exit door provides access to the external areas on that deck7 . This action is estimated to increase the cost of the enlarged vessel designs by $25,000. A majority of this cost increase was due to work on the external walkway.
Figure 12. 3rd Deck – Lecture Lounge
- Vertical Clearance On Ramps – As the distance between the surfaces of the second and third decks, and the surfaces of the third and fourth decks, is over 105 inches, both decks have sufficient vertical clearance available to ensure the ramp surfaces have at least 80 inches of head clearance. In providing this head clearance, Step 2 would require some overhead space removed to provide the necessary head clearance at the top of the ramps. Step 3 results do factor in the rerouting of ducting or other features in the overhead to other locations.
Drainage – Coamings are not required on decks four through six, but the cruise representative was concerned about water from rain, sea spray and storm waves entering the exterior doors (including balcony doors) with low thresholds due to ship movements and creating maintenance and safety problems inside the vessel. To address this concern, the cruise representative proposed in the new designs to add drainage systems to the outside of the exterior doors which are required to be accessible on these decks and also to have thresholds which do not exceed a height of ½" beveled. These actions are estimated to have an insignificant impact on the cost of a new enlarged vessel (Step 3) and do not create head clearance issues on the decks below the drainage systems.
5. Doors — Clear Widths and Maneuvering Clearances
The passageways are at least 36 inches wide and have overheads which are 82 inches high with doors having 78.5 inch vertical clearances. Public doors along the passageways have at least 32 inch clear openings. However, many doors which would be part of an accessible route to public spaces or are part of an AMOE do not have sufficient maneuvering clearances, and some passageway doors are in series with other doors (which may only be fire doors held open by magnets) and may not have sufficient space between the in-series doors.
Figure 13. Sample Maneuvering Clearance Impacts
The draft guidelines require that each door used as part of a required onboard accessible route or an AMOE be conforming. V206.5, V207.2, and V410.1.2. Complying doors must have maneuvering clearances (unless automatic) and comply with the doors in series provision. V404.2.4 and V404.2.6.
The cruise representative proposed in the new designs to provide the necessary maneuvering clearances at the public doors which created minor space impacts on adjacent spaces in Step 2. However, the doors in the center stair tower (see Figure 10) created the greatest difficulty as maneuvering clearances were not provided on the side of the doors inside the tower. To provide these clearances, the tower needed to be widened by a few inches on the fourth, fifth and sixth decks, and increased in depth by about 20 inches on the second and third decks. In Step 2, the case study recognizes that additional refinement in the stair tower layout may be necessary to ensure clearances are provided and are factored into the Step 3 results. Providing maneuvering clearances at the stair enclosure at the forward end of the second deck also significantly impacted surrounding spaces in Step 2, as the stair enclosure had to be enlarged which blocked entry to adjacent crew cabins.
At the forward end of the elevator lobby, on the second through fourth decks and sixth deck, doors in series were proposed to be further separated in Step 2. At these locations, light weight lobby doors (with no latches which swing in both directions) separate the lobbies from the forward passageways. Pass these doors, toward the bow, magnetically held open fire doors (more than 36 inches wide) are provided. Separating the doors to provide 48 inches between the lobby doors and the swing of the fire doors had significant impacts on the adjacent spaces in Step 2, as the new location of the fire doors blocked the entry to spaces on one side of the passageways. Maneuvering clearances however, created minor space impacts in adjacent guest rooms and crew cabins. On the sixth deck, also, the series doors to the hair dressers room were replaced with one door.
6. Elevator
A small elevator is provided which serves all five passenger decks (decks two through six) with a travel distance of about 36 feet. The elevator car size is estimated to be 53 inches in depth and 45 inches wide.
In this new construction situation, two options were evaluated. Either use two limited-use/limited-access elevators (LULA8 ) or one standard elevator to connect decks two through six. Although the guidelines recommend that elevators comply with ASME A17.1, the case study assumes the US Coast Guard would require ASME use in US Flag vessels. Therefore, a LULA is restricted by ASME to a vertical travel distance of 25 feet, thereby requiring that two LULAs be provided to connect the 36 feet travel distance between the five decks. ASME does not restrict a standard elevator to a 25 feet maximum travel distance. The guidelines allow standard elevators to use a number of different dimensional sizes that include a minimum size of 60 inches by 60 inches, and 80 inch depth by 54 inch width. V206.6 and V407.4.1. The LULA is allowed to be smaller (e.g., 54 inches by 42 inches). V206.6 Exception 2 and V408.4.1.
The cruise representative proposed in the new designs to use a standard elevator which is 60 inches by 60 inches to connect decks two through six. This action in Step 2 would cause the footprint of the elevator to increase by 10 square feet and overlap the adjacent stair and lobby area by less than a foot. In Step 3, the stair would have to be moved outside the footprint of the new elevator. The larger elevator is estimated to increase the cost of the new enlarged vessel by $2,500.
7. Tender Boarding Platform
At the stern of the second deck a tender boarding platform is provided. The platform is about 24 to 30 inches below the main level of the second deck. A small stair of five or more steps connects these two levels. As discussed above, on the second deck level, two exterior doors with 24 inch high required coamings connect the stern area with the restaurant. As the doors are for emergency use, passengers embarking or disembarking the tenders use the exterior stair which connects the second deck stern area with the third deck.
The draft guidelines require that an onboard accessible route connect the boarding platform (which functions as an entry point). V206.4. The draft guidelines allow a platform lift to be used to connect the boarding platform. V206.7.7. As a platform lift would be exposed to waves, the draft also allows use of a manually powered boarding lift to connect the boarding platform. V206.7.7 Exception. The cruise representative evaluated three options in providing access to the tender boarding platform. All options will experience maintenance difficulties due to potential storm wave actions in following seas at the exposed stern location and create complications and obstructions for crew in operating the tender boarding platform and operating mooring equipment and running mooring lines.
Figure 14. Tender Boarding Platform
Option 1 (54 Inch High Platform Lift) — A hydraulically operated platform lift (36 inches by 60 inches), approached from the side, would connect an onboard accessible route by an elevated walkway to the restaurant's 24 inch high coaming door at the base of the stair to the third deck. This option is estimated to increase the cost of the enlarged new vessel designs (Step 3) by $12,000 to $22,0009 . As the 24 inch high raised walkway cuts across the mooring equipment area and needs guardrails, it creates an obstruction to crew member use of the mooring equipment and some operations related to the tender boarding platform. Also, a second small stair would be needed for passengers (who would not be using the platform lift) to provide a path from the raised walkway down to the other small stair.
In an enlarged vessel design (Step 3), a grated deck surface at the height of the 24 inch coamings could be provided with raised mooring equipment. This would remove the need for the raised walkway and the 24 inch coamings would still protect the doors to the restaurant, but the drop-off to the tender platform would increase and therefore increase the size of the small stair.
Option 2 (144 Inch High Platform Lift) — A hydraulically operated platform lift would be provided running from the third deck down to the tender boarding platform. As the lift platform and most of the operating mechanisms can be stored on the third deck, the platform lift has less exposure to waves, but the lift and the onboard accessible route occupies spaces on the third deck used for inflatable tender storage. However, the raised walkway (elevated accessible route) from the restaurant's 24 inch high coaming door to the platform lift is not required and the elevated maneuvering clearance on the outside of the coaming door is less of an obstruction for crew members working in the stern area of the second deck. In this option, although there is no platform lift shaft, the structure to support the lift's decent from the third deck could interfere with mooring operations and some tender operations. This option is estimated to increase the cost of the enlarged new vessel designs (Step 3) by $25,000 with hydraulic power coming from the mooring equipment hydraulic power source.
Option 3 (54 Inch High Manually Powered Boarding Lift) — A manually powered boarding lift would be used instead of the hydraulically operated platform lift used in option 1. This option is estimated to increase the cost of the enlarged new vessel (Step 3) by $10,000 to $15,000 but (due to the raised walkway) create the same crew problems as noted in option 1. Added to this expense is the cost of the raised walkway which is estimated to be $7,000, for a total increase of $22,000 for this option.
In evaluating the options, the cruise representative selected option 2, as the raised walkway created a greater obstruction to crew members.
8. Public Toilet Rooms
The second, third and fifth decks each have two multi-user toilet rooms (one male and one female) in the elevator lobby. The cruise representative believes that current industry practices would have produced clusters of two single-user (uni-sex) toilet rooms on these three decks with at least one on each deck being accessible. The draft guidelines only require one toilet room in a cluster of two single user (uni-sex) public toilet rooms to be conforming. V213.2 Exception 4. Therefore, as sufficient space is available to convert the multi-user toilet rooms into two single-user (uni-sex) toilet rooms (with space to spare), one of which complies with the draft guidelines, this outcome is determined to have no impact on the enlarged vessel designs (Step 3).
9. Assistive Listening System
The cruise ship has a lounge in which amplified lectures are held. The lounge has a seating capacity of 110 seats. Because the lecture lounge is an assembly area where amplified communication is integral to the use of the space, the draft guidelines require the lounge to be served by a permanently installed assistive listening system (ALS). V219.2. For a seating capacity of 110 seats, the draft guidelines require five receivers, two of which must be hearing aid compatible. V219.3. It is estimated a permanently installed ALS and the necessary number of receivers would increase the cost of the enlarged vessel design by $4,000 to $5,00010 (Step 3).
10. General Alarm
When getting underway, the crew instructs the passengers on what actions to automatically take when the general (audible) alarm sounds and passengers are given a practice alarm drill. Therefore, an audible emergency alarm is provided for passenger use and passengers know the meaning of the alarm and take immediate actions without crew direction. The draft guidelines require principles of best practice. V215.2 and V215.3. The cruise representative proposed to provide in the new enlarged designs (Step 3), visible alarms (strobes) complying with NFPA 72 (2007) in the public passenger spaces and in the seven guest rooms required to be equipped with communications features. The vessel will take approximately 110 alarm points to cover the applicable spaces. The total cost of the visible alarm system will be approximately $40,000 to $50,000. There might be some cost savings if the visible alarms were integrated into the SOLAS audible general alarm system11 , but that would be hard to quantify. The visible alarm strobes themselves draw about 250 watts. Adding in the alarm control system and monitoring, the total will be on the order of 500 to 1,000 watts. This power need is not estimated to impact the size of the emergency generator. Providing visible alarms is estimated to be not significantly more expensive than just the audible alarms, nor is the power requirement significantly larger.
11. Storage Facilities
No storage facilities are provided for passengers outside their guest rooms. Life jacket storage lockers are intended to be used only by crew members, in handing out life jackets to passengers, and are therefore not subject to the guidelines. V203.2.
12. Spa (Jacuzzi)
Figure 15. Transfer Wall
The stern area of the fifth deck contains one raised spa (Jacuzzi). The draft guidelines require either a means of entry which is a swimming pool lift, transfer walls, or transfer system. V234.4. The cruise representative proposed in the new designs to provide a transfer wall (see figure 15). This action is estimated to have an insignificant impact on the enlarged new vessel designs (Step 3).
13. Electrical Power, Fuel Consumption, and Vessel Stability Impacts
The vessel has four 1000 KW generators. Two run off the vessel's propeller shaft and two run off motors. One 240 KW emergency generator is provided. The larger elevator12 , platform lift, and assistive listening system have an insignificant impact on the normal power supply of the vessel.
For emergency power, the larger elevator has a very similar power draw to the original elevator, within a few horsepower, and is estimated to have an insignificant impact on the emergency power supply. If the platform lift to the tender boarding platform was required to be part of an accessible means of escape, it would need emergency power (see V410.4). Therefore, a separate hydraulic power unit (HPU) on emergency power would be needed (instead of using the larger mooring equipment HPU). This smaller HPU would likely not drive the emergency power over its current limit. In addition, the 500 to 1,000 watts needed for the visible alarm system (issue #12) is estimated to not have a significant impact on the capacity of the emergency generator.
14. Passenger Boarding System
Passenger boarding systems were not addressed in the case study.
The cruise representative estimated that the original cruise ship would cost approximately $60 million to $70 million to construct in 2007. For a vessel enlarged to restore space characteristics (Step 3), the cruise representative estimated that the new enlarged vessel would have to be 310 feet long, an eight foot increase. This increase in size would add from $1.8 million to $2.1 million to the vessel's construction cost. Plus, the following table summarizes other costs which would add $109,500 to $120,500 to the above amount. Therefore, the case study estimated the cost of the vessel would increase by $1.91 million to $2.23 million, or an increase of approximately 2.7 to 3.7 percent.
Elevator Enlargement
Assistive Listening System
$4,000 to $5,000
Restaurant Ramp Structure
Lecture Lounge Ramp and Raised Exterior Walkway
Platform Lift From Third Deck to Tender Boarding Platform
Visible Alarms
$40,000 to $50,000
$109,500 to 120,500
Attachment — Other Case Study Notes
- 1.The cruise representative believes the cost increases due to the draft guidelines to provide a 310 foot vessel (Step 3) are not unreasonable.
- 2.The cruise representative does not see as unreasonable that four mobility guest rooms are required for a 60 guest room cruise ship. With the aging of the US population, market forces are creating a greater demand for mobility guest rooms.
- 3.The cruise representative sees no problem in selling the four mobility guest rooms as many passengers seek larger accommodations even if they are not disabled.
1 Although the report notes decisions made by the cruise representative, it should be noted that the Access Board hired a consultant (acceptable to the cruise representative) to provide most impact information (including cost estimates) which was used by the cruise representative in the case study decision making process.
2 2006 draft guidelines, as amended by Board action at the 2007 and April 2008 meetings.
3 The draft guidelines V224.4 would also require cruise ships with 51 to 75 guest rooms to have seven guest rooms equipped with communications features (communications guest rooms). Per V224.5, one communications guest room is required to be located in one mobility guest room. The other six communications guest rooms are not permitted to be placed in the "required" mobility guest rooms. Although these six guest rooms are not required to be equipped with any mobility features, such as clearances at doors, water closets, lavatories and beds, the rooms would still have to meet the protruding object requirements in V204. The case study assumes that to provide seven communications guest rooms, the impact would have an insignificant increase on the cost of a new enlarged vessel (Step 3).
4 The plumbing chase was widened to support the shorter grab bar (see V608.3.2 Exception).
5 The case study did not evaluate if furniture layouts were impacted in the mobility guest rooms and corrections may require additional square footage from adjacent guest rooms and are assumed resolved in Step 3.
6 A platform lift could not be used as part of an AMOE from the rear of the restaurant because the AMOE runs up to the third deck and does not run to the tender boarding platform. Therefore, V206.7.7, which is referenced by V410.1.2(h), cannot be used.
7 The cruise representative proposed to not limit the ramped exit door to only emergency use but would use it as part of the onboard accessible route connecting the interior areas of the third deck to the exterior areas. Therefore, an onboard accessible route complying with V206.3 connects the lobby to the exterior areas of the deck and the lobby exterior doors are not required to be accessible.
8 The US Coast Guard informally communicated to the Board that they would interpret ASME A17.1 as not prohibiting shipboard elevators from being LULAs.
9 The platform lift uses the hydraulic power unit used by the mooring equipment which reduces the potential cost of the platform lift which is estimated to be $5,000 to $15,000, and the elevated walk from the restaurant exit door is estimated to be around $7,000.
10 This cost estimate was provided by the Access Board and includes 1 FM transmitter ($750), 3 headsets and receivers ($630), 2 neckloops and receivers ($530), power adapter and antenna kit ($124), receiver carrying case with charger ($405), misc. hardware and parts ($362), and 13 hours engineering and installation ($1515).
11 US Coast Guard has indicated informally that in their reading of SOLAS, SOLAS would not prohibit a visible alarm system from being attached to the SOLAS required general alarm. In addition, the consultant hired to provide impact costs contacted the American Bureau of Shipping and they confirmed that in their opinion SOLAS would not prohibit a visible alarm system from being attached to the SOLAS required general alarm.
12 The consultant noted that the elevator is required to have emergency power for half an hour to bring passengers to a deck. In practice, the elevator will be on emergency power.


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Every finished project should capture the attention of its intended audience, clearly and concisely communicate a key message, and incorporate an obvious call to action. This creative phase is carried out by a seasoned graphic designer with a great track record of client success as well as minimum a bachelors degree in the related field of design.
Okay, okay... let us pause the shop talk for a moment and answer a quick question which you may or will hear about. We hear the phrase from time-to-time, "Anyone can design and build a website, right? Why should I go with LOJO?" True: In fact, if you are looking for a cheap quick built website or do-it-yourself style solution, we recommend venturing over to a go daddy template solution, craigslist, or your local high school to support learning teens. LOJO is a team/family of professionals combined to deliver on the specific purpose of a quality web design product. We are seasoned with 15+ years in business with a long list of satisfied ecstatic clients. Our processes and methods are designed to help you get the outcome your seeking in your final product. If this is what your looking for, keep reading. After the creative phase of web design, your assigned project manager, typically either Eric, Maria, or Jay, depending on the project scale, will then continue working with you through the content collection phase simultaneously while our talented developers, whom also are seasoned professionals with wonderful educations and adhere to strict current programming standards to slice and develop the website, landing page or application. The majority of our projects will have both a local internal version of project created with the additional publication to our development servers where you, the client can review the progress as the project comes to life. Depending on the amount of involvement a client wishes to have, we perform internal quality testing and then external client testing prior to publishing updates or a project to a live environment where the entire world can see. Any questions along the way at anytime, or as well as any concerns can ALWAYS be brought up to any member of our team or even directly to the owners. Eric Lay, CEO/Co-Founder of LOJO has no problem providing clients with a link directly to his cell phone as he believes in being available to LOJO's clients as needed. Explore our web design services below and if you are in the local Sacramento, Rocklin, Roseville, Auburn, Folsom... okay pretty much anywhere in the surrounding areas or even out of state, you can call or email us with any questions. Congratulations if you made it all the way down here on the page! If your still reading, how awesome is that as we have still captured your attention. Don't forget you can explore any of the service areas above. A few more important things to know about web design can be viewed regularly in our online BLOG. We placed a few common articles in the lower section of this page to help inform you further. Our process for preparing quotes for pricing on most web design projects beyond any of our basic packages is to meet with what we call a Solutions Engineer for us to explore all of your needs. We say dream big and let's document it all down first. After we perform some internal discussions, a detailed estimate is put together and incorporated into an options-based proposal. We can tackle an entire project at once, or do more of a phased approach to help meet specific budget requirements. Stephen or Eric would love to speak with you further about what your next project may be.
Interested in web design services? We can help you find what you're looking for. Schedule an appointment online.
"LOJO did an extremely nice job on this with great communication too. The best service I've had from a web company. I really appreciate it."
"The LOJO team exceeded my expectations by continually exhibiting outstanding resourcefulness, and excellent service."
"We chose the LOJO team because they were honest and had many ideas to help us design our Painting website. They were fast and accurate."
" The team at LOJO is, without a doubt, the most professional web design group I have ever worked with. When I say "professional," I mean both technically brilliant and a joy to work with. You guys know your stuff, plus you are friendly! This is in stark contrast to the so-called web experts out there who might be technically savvy, but are impossible to communicate with. As the former head of training at Disney, I think I know what good service and technical excellence looks like, and you have it all. Thanks so much!"
"We had a dream and a vision of what we wanted in our website and LOJO was able to take that vision and create exactly the website we wanted."
"LOJO is always willing to help. They have a great design team and my experience with them has been very positive."
"I have never dealt with a company that is so responsive the way LOJO is. Any time there is a glitch in our system, LOJO is just a phone call or a quick email away, and they are there, promptly helping us. Special thanks to everyone behind the scenes that made our website look so great. Their slogan "Problem Solved" couldn't be more appropriate and fitting. LOJO is definitely on my referral list."
"I am currently working with LOJO on a website as well as keywords & SEO. Although my business isn't off the ground yet (I'm just not ready!) I am impressed with their employees' knowledge & ability to meet my needs. They have some great ideas for social media too. I am excited to have found a local web developer who knows this area that I can get ahold of when I need to. I really didn't want just a generic website from a distant company with a customer service department I'd have to hold for any time I call. My business is unique & I want my website to be as well. Their sales team is great at figuring out what my needs are since this isn't exactly my area of expertise. So far I'm very pleased."
"Thanks to LOJO for the great work on the logo, business and post cards. We love it and have gotten numerous compliments on the finished products!"
"LOJO has been very easy & accommodating to work with."


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end-of-year reflections 2011
maybe i try to look for timelessness in the things that i write. the immediacy of the world around us can be a shock to the system - we're constantly taking pictures of what we eat and then posting it to facebook, for example, or twittering about what we are talking about on facebook (in what appears to be a digital infinite loop).
but truly, effective communication only takes place when one can stop the chaos that is taking place around us, and connect with another human being for more than the briefest few seconds necessary to acknowledge another being's existence. there's far too much going on in the cacophony around us, and far too little time spent in silent and elegant solitude.
another year has passed, this time spent merantau di negara asing. there were highs (i got married, passed my MRCP, re-connected with debating and NGO work, travelled a bit) and there were lows (grandma's passing, and others) - it was a routine year. i grew wiser AND smarter (they're not necessarily the same thing), and have a clearer idea of my strengths, weaknesses and desires.
where does The Road take me, i still don't know... what i do know is that i want to be re-connected with the people in my life, those i have not seen/heard from in years....


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Fruit Pigmented Lip Butter: Pomegranate
Out of stock
With an ultra-moisturizing base of organic avocado and shea and cocoa butters, these lip butters leave lips nourished, silky soft, and delightfully infused with natural fruit and berry pigments. They also infuse skin with healthy antioxidants and vitamins.
For Whom
For all. For those who desire ultra-moisturizing natural color in a base of avocado, shea, and cocoa butters that will leave lips feeling silky soft.
Directions For Use
Use with fingers whenever you want some color and moisture. For more precision, use a lip brush.
Butters of Persea Gratissima Oil (Avocado), Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) and Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed, Rosa Canina (Rosehip) Seed Oil, Extracts (Pigments) of Vaccinium Macrocarpon Fruit (Cranberry), Fragaria Vesca Fruit (Strawberry), Punica Granatum (Pomegranate), Prunus Cerasus (Cherry) and Prunus Domestica Fruit (Plum), Tocopherol (Vitamin E), Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Essential Oil
Product Size


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Recently, I was asked by Interweave/F+W to review Kristin Omdahl's newest book - "CROCHET SO LOVELY - 21 carefree lace designs". I'm always interested in new books, especially from designers whom I know and whose work I admire. So, I said "Yes, of course!" When I received the book, and looked through it, I brought it to my Crochet class to show my students. Some of these students have been with me since I started teaching at this local yarn shop - just about 15 years ago. The class is a "do what project you want to do" class, where they can work on whatever they want to work on. Many times I will suggest something that they could do to bring their skills forward a notch or two, (otherwise, some will just do the same thing over and over), and I like to suggest books that have projects that they may think they're not ready for, but I think they could do. That's where Kristin's book comes in. I noticed that the projects in her book used yarn weights that many of my students hadn't used before - #1, #2, and #3, but wanted to try. So my students and I thought of a question I could ask her about how to go about trying different weights of yarns. Then, I guess, I was curious about her design process – and so were my students – so we thought of another question. The last 2 questions – just some more things that we were all curious about. In the past, I have told my students about my design process, and how hard it was for me to pick and choose patterns that would go in to my books and proposals, and self-published pattern line. And also, how my most popular pattern in my self-published pattern line is the one pattern that was rejected whenever I proposed it to a book or magazine or yarn company! And we were all curious about Kristin's design process.
So, here are the questions, and Kristin's answers.
1. In your book Crochet So Lovely, you have 21 designs: 8 are worked with super fine/fingering #1 lace weight yarn, 8 are worked with sport weight #2 fine yarn, 1 is worked with DK weight #3 light, 3 are worked with worsted weight #4 medium, and 1 is worked in chunky weight #5 bulky.
Hook sizes vary from a C2/2.75mm to an M13/8mm.
What would you suggest to a crocheter who wants to make the designs in your book, but really doesn't like working (or know how to work) with any yarn less than DK weight, and any hook that's smaller than a G/6 4mm? Which project should she/he do first?
And this is Kristin's answer:
The concept of lace for me is to use an extraordinarily larger hook than the yarn calls for so the overly loose stitchwork blossoms into a beautiful marriage between the geometric stitch patterning its corresponding negative space. The easiest way to learn to do this is to practice the stitches first on appropriately sized hooks. Then the exaggerated hook size will be the only concept you are learning when you do the lace. I think it is best learned as a two-step process. Not that an adventurous crocheter couldn't do it all at once ;)
My comment: I think this is a great idea! Practice the stitches and stitch patterns first with your usual weight yarn and usual hook. And then go to the yarn and hook size designated in the pattern. You won't have to worry about the stitch pattern, because you practiced it. All you'll have to get used to is using a larger hook with lighter weight yarn.
2. When you were writing this book, which came first? The specific pattern, or the yarn? In other words, when you design, do you think of the pattern, then go looking for the yarn that would work with the pattern and stitches? Or do you have the yarn, and let it "tell" you what it wants to become?
Here's what Kristin said:Yes to both, but not for this particular book. My main focus was to make figure flattering crochet garments and accessories that would lay beautifully on the skin, layer without bulk, and make you feel beautiful. So it was the concept that came first for Crochet So Lovely. I told my editor every piece should be something you would want to wear on an important date or event, even if money were no object and you could buy it at the store. I wanted to feel luxuruious, beautiful and confident in this collection. As a conceptual designer it is very difficult to ride the thin line of "Wow thats an awesome technique/concept/project" and wanting to wear it too. I can go CRAZY with a design and it can be fascinating to make, but if it is bulky and not figure flattering, who really wants to wear it?
3. Did you have any patterns that just didn't "make the cut?" For one reason or another. Why?
And Kristin replied:
Yes! The corset tied gauntlets were originally thigh high leg warmers that were corset tied. Imagine the same exact tube but big enough for your legs. They are GORGEOUS. And the next winter show I attend where I can wear them over skinny jeans or tights and a dress, I will! But my editors thought they were a tad too sexy for the book.
(Here's a picture of the gauntlets.)
4. I know it's difficult to pick a favorite pattern, but if you had to choose one pattern, from the 21 in the book, that you think most crocheters will choose to make, which one would it be, and why?
Here's Kristin's reply:
Oh that is a tough question! As a designer and author, I WISH I knew what people wanted to make! All I can tell you is which projects I loved making the most. The felted flower bag is one of my favorite projects of my entire career. They are not appliquéd onto the bag. They are a seamless component to the motifs! And the mesh crochet motif was my attempt at replicating the laser cut leather bags I admire at department stores. So from an experimental standpoint, to try something crazy AND have it work AND love the beauty of the finished project, this is a total success to me. I love that leaving it unlined, you can use it as a project bag and see your beautiful yarn from inside. Or, as a purse you could line it with a beautiful contrasting yarn to create pops of color through the little holes. And finishing a felted bag with leather handles makes it look so rich, polished and professional.
The Deep Sea Tunic is another favorite of mine. I used lace weight yarn and a C/2 hook to create the lightest, thinnest fabric I could muster. From the pictures you'd never tell it is a box cut pullover (NO SHAPING) because I added elements of illusion to suggest shaping! The body has a gorgeous lace design that tapers into a V to suggest waist shaping, the arms have cut outs in them (I think exposed bits of shoulders and arms are so sexy without being overtly sexy), and the side vents offer hip ease (with lace trim of course) to further accentuate an hourglass shape.
This sweater is on a very tiny hook with a very fine yarn. It is going to take you longer to make this sweater than a traditional worsted weight yarn and H hook. But guess what? This will be a treasured wardrobe staple that looks good on, feels good on, and you will wear it over and over again with confidence. And the construction style makes it interesting and relatively quick. I didn't find myself dying over the process. The design elements kept me interested the entire time. This one was a lot of fun to make.
Honestly, though, I could go on and on about all of the designs. I love each and every one BECAUSE I love to wear them. They are all so light and drapey, don't add bulk to my figure, and make me feel good.
The Trapeze Tank? That barely made it into the book. Why? Because it belongs in my closet! I wear this one a lot over white cropped jeans and a tank top.
The Rosetta wrap sweater is my go-to layer over a maxi-dress.
Lapis Wesek Tunic is PERFECT over leggings and a tank top with chunky bracelets.
Finally, Kristin asked you - my readers this:
"What are your favorite pieces? Tell me which you are making first? And second? And third?
I'd love to hear from YOU!"
I would love to hear from you, too. Are you used to crocheting with yarns that are lighter than worsted weight (#4)? Will you try Kristin's suggestions about practicing the stitch first on yarn you are used to working with, and appropriately sized hooks, before tackling the patterns? Or are you an adventurous crocheter who will go directly to the exaggerated sized hook with the lace yarn? Which items in Kristin's book are your favorites? Which ones will you crochet first?
I do want to thank Kristin for taking time out of her busy schedule to answer my questions. And if you're interested in following Kristin on her blog - this is it: http://styledbykristin.com
If you want to order the book from Interweave - here is the page:
Interweave Crochet So Fine
Interweave Crochet So Fine


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"Teaching Online Overview," a self-paced tutorial that fulfills the Distance Qualification requirement for faculty and other instructors who have previously taught online at NMU, is now available on NMU EduCat. The tutorial reviews techniques and tools for teaching online courses at NMU, as well as related policies, processes, and resources.
Accessing the Tutorial
Most faculty and department heads will automatically be enrolled into the tutorial and will find it on their list of courses when they next log in to EduCat. Graduate Teaching Assistants and instructors with multiple appointments (e.g., staff who also teach as adjuncts) are not automatically enrolled. Those who are not automatically enrolled can self-enroll by following these steps:
- Point your web browser to https://educat.nmu.edu/moodle2/course/view.php?id=6831
- If you are not already logged in, log in to EduCat.
- If prompted, type NMUTOSPT (in all caps) in the Enrolment key field, then click Enrol me.
Time Required
The self-paced tutorial includes readings, practice activities, quizzes, and other activities. It will take an average of 2-4 hours to complete. It can be completed in multiple sittings.
Distance Qualification for New Online Instructors
Note that this tutorial does not fulfill the Distance Qualification requirement for those who are new to teaching online. Those instructors must complete the four-week, instructor-faciliated "Teaching Online @ NMU" course. The next offering of that course begins on October 16. Registration for the four-week course is available at http://www.nmu.edu/ctl/registration.
More Information
For more details about the Online Teaching Qualifications Policy, please refer to the attached document Online Teaching Qualifications Policy FINAL 6-2-15 , or contact Leslie Warren, Dean of AIS, at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Sigh. Folks, we really need to get this system working. It's well past the deadline, we got an "incomplete" for the semester but the prof has given us another chance, so let's not mess it up this time, K? There are TWO chief weapons, er, excuse me, TWO chief things that browser vendors need to do to support content negotiation. 1) Browsers need to be honest about what they send. If you support text/x-netscape-html, say so! If you support application/director, say so! If you can shuffle director off to a helper app, but can't inline it, don't send it in the Accept:s of inlined object requests. You don't have to put every mime type in the accept header, just the most common. As Koen noted, if a browser is noticing that it's having to default to reactive content negotiation for a large number of hits it can adjust its Accept:s accordingly - it might also guess based on filename extension as an optimization, too. Because if none is acceptible, it can fall back on Thing #2: 2) A response mechanism for 406 None Acceptible. In <URL:http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/http/draft-ietf-http-v10-spec-01.txt>, which has been obsoleted by the BCP HTTP/1.0 but from which most of the new parts of HTTP/1.1 will come, section 8.28 clearly outlines a system which would be adequate for our needs. Can we talk about its adequacy for the purposes of copntent negotiation, for which is was clearly intended, or are we going to keep passing the "406's format's not defined" buck until someone gets shot? If the definitions in that system appear alright, why not use it? What's not there that needs to be? If I get a few nodding heads we can commit to implementing it in Apache. I'm working on a "Content negotiation for dummies" paper to be circulated soon - I'd like to be a little more optimistic about things than the paper currently is. As for writing conditional HTML to be bugwards-compatible with all browsers - how are people using broken software supposed to know their software is broken? Makes me pine for a future where all objects render themselves. Brian --=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-- firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com http://www.[hyperreal,organic].com/Received on Wednesday, 8 November 1995 04:14:35 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Tuesday, 6 January 2015 21:32:58 UTC


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The each way bet is Fleur East at 14/1! She is the most professional and has already built up a bit of a cult following amongst women who tend to be the biggest voters.
Month: November 2015
Ascot Champions Weekend Day 2
1:45 Leading Light 2:20 Baccarat 2:55 Silk Sari 3:30 Night Of Thunder 4:05 Cirrus Des Aigles 4:45 Heavy Metal
Newmarket Champions Weekend Day 1
1.50 East Coast Lady 2.25 Strath Burn 2.55 Cappella Sansevero 3.25 Lucida 4.00 Belardo 4.35 Thawaany 5.10 Zurigha
Darts Word Grand Prix
Has to be Phil Taylor (15/8), and, there should be a saver on Michael Van Gerwen (7/2).
Prix de L'Arc de Triomphe
Just A Way and Taghrooda against the field in a very tough Arc


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Teach Children Using Games
Teach children using games Many teachers believe that using games in the classroom is inappropriate. Games are for fun, not for learning. At best…Read More
Teach children using games Many teachers believe that using games in the classroom is inappropriate. Games are for fun, not for learning. At best…Read More
Presentation highlights from IATEFL 2016 Among the presentation highlights from IATEFL 2016, by far the most talked about session this year was Silvana Richardson's…Read More
Copernicus: Language comes through culture "The mantra of 'consistent reward' has often been popular amongst educators, but neuroscience suggests we may need to turn…Read More
Teacher talk acts, not teacher talk time Student Centred Learning. Buzzword de rigueur. It's a principle that, of course, I wholeheartedly endorse, and I…Read More
The Heart of Learning Languages: Listening Listening is one of the most important skills used in learning languages, and is also one of the…Read More
Teaching in Korean Universities As I end my 20th year in Korea, and my 18th as a Professor at a University in Seoul, I…Read More
Entrepreneurs: Rosie Mannion from Gocambio Tell me a little bit about Rosie? I grew up in Northern Ireland and studied in Scotland, I caught…Read More
Phil Wade Interviews: Dr. Nellie Deutsch Nellie Deutsch (Ed.D) combines teaching as a way to learn, education technology, and mindfulness. She's internationally known as…Read More
I recently wrote a post on 10 useful pre-reading activities, so I thought I would follow this up with a blog post about activities…Read More


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Much has been said on the media about the need of a labor reform in Brazil to ''relieve'' the contractors, to "flexibilize" the labor relations and thus generate more jobs. Social Security reform has been also defended as a means to protect the public coffers in view of a supposed increase in expenses caused by the growing life expectancy of the Brazilian population. In response to more people living longer lives, and in line with the characteristic capacity of capital to transform something originally positive into negative, the government aims to approve a series of measures by the second half of this year that will force the citizens to work more, with less stability, for longer and without any future guarantees.
The Social Security proposal reform presented by this government, which got to power by questionable means, establishes the minimum age of 65 years to retire, with 49 years of contributions to receive full pension and 25 years to partial. Under the new law, men, women, rural workers, civil servants, industry employees and tertiary sector's workers would be equal.
However, such homogenization fails to ignore reality. Just as rural workers (such as a cane cutter) can not work for as many years as a civil servant or an economist – by the nature of his work – women work twice as much as men once they are also responsible for housework. It is also necessary to take into consideration factors such as different levels of development of the States in Brazil showed by IDH records or the life expectancy data that varies according to level of violence and access to goods and services such as basic sanitation, health and education .
According to research published by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2015, while Santa Catarina ( in the South) is the federation unit with the highest life expectancy at 78.7 years, in Maranhão ( in the Northeast) which is the last one on the list, the life expectancy is 70.3 years – in Alagoas, also located in the Northeast of Brazil, it falls to 66.5 years among men. That is, a man in Alagoas should not even have to pay his pension contributions because he will not be able to enjoy this so-called "right".
As a part of the ongoing reforms, National Congress approved on the 22nd March a bill 4.302 / 1998 that allows the outsourcing of all the activities of a company. Among other measures, it increased the length of temporary contracts from 3 to 6 months – which could be even extended through negotiation between employer and employee – and regulated the fourth party services. The outsourcing company is authorized to subcontract other companies to perform contracting services, salaries' payments and supervision of work.
The precarization of labor is once again the response given for an economic retraction by a political elite that represents private interests in a public sphere. The ongoing changes will benefit the employers not the employees, who are increasingly unprotected and with bargaining power even more weakened by the rising of unemployment in the country – 13% of the Brazilian population have no jobs, the equivalent of 26780.000 people
In the period of one year, the Brazilian labor market lost 1,134 million formal contract places. The total of contract jobs in the private sector shrank 3.3% in the quarter ending on February 2017, compared to the same period of the previous year, according to data of National Household Sample Survey – PNAD Continuous. On the other hand, employment without a formal contract in the private sector increased by 5.5%, with 531 000 more employees.
Another factor that needs to be observed is that with the outsourcing and dismantling of the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT), the state will be collecting less money for the National Institute of Social Security (INSS). That is, neither the state will be raising more resources nor will the worker have his retirement covered. A prosperous field opens up for the private pension market.
This scenario of precarization goes along with a process of public sector's annihilation. Just as the sense of public has been lost throughout history, we are losing access to spaces, goods and services hitherto considered universal because indispensable to life. In order to move forward on a more democratic path, it is necessary first of all to review Brazilian macroeconomic policy, hitherto oriented according to a neoliberal agenda centered on deregulation and privatization, currency stability, deregulation of labor relations, fiscal austerity and primary surplus. It needs to be reoriented from a perspective that no longer places under the back of the working class the weight of a development project that benefits a small elite or the so-called "national champions."