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by Gerald Shively Assistant Professor Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University and Marta Galopin Graduate Assistant Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University Part 1 -- Benefit-Cost Analysis 1.1 What is benefit-cost analysis? Benefit-cost analysis (BCA) is a technique for evaluating a project or investment by comparing the economic benefits with the economic costs of the activity. Benefit-cost analysis has several objectives. First, BCA can be used to evaluate the economic merit of a project. Second the results from a series of benefit-cost analyses can be used to compare competing projects. BCA can be used to assess business decisions, to examine the worth of public investments, or to assess the wisdom of using natural resources or altering environmental conditions. Ultimately, BCA aims to examine potential actions with the objective of increasing social welfare. Regardless of the aim, all benefit-cost analyses have several properties in common. A BCA begins with a problem to be solved. For example, a community may have the goal of alleviating congestion on roads in an area. Various projects that might solve the particular problem are then identified. As an example, alternative projects to alleviate road congestion in an area might include a new highway, a public bus system, or a light rail system. The costs and benefits of these projects would be identified, calculated, and compared. Decisions are typically not made solely on the basis of BCA, but BCA is useful and sometimes required by law. Without a doubt, results from a BCA can be used to raise the level of public debate surrounding a project. 1.2 BCA examples Explicitly or implicitly, nearly every public and private decision involves some comparison of benefits and costs. Although a formal BCA is not used for all decision making, the principles are applied in many settings. Here are a few brief examples. Example 1: You must decide whether to go out with your friends to a local "watering hole" on a Thursday night. Going out will have associated benefits and costs. The benefits include spending time with your friends and receiving free drinks from the bartender (who happens to be your best friend). The costs of the night include (at minimum) a cab ride home, missing class the next day (and possibly missing a surprise quiz), and waking up with a nasty hangover. Costs could run higher.
Example 2: Society must decide whether to open-up an old-growth forest for logging. Logging would provide a variety of benefits, but will also entail costs. The products and employment generated by logging are benefits. Some of the costs of cutting the old-growth forest include the cost of cutting, the loss of wildlife habitat, damages to local streams due to runoff, and the loss of an opportunity to cut the forest sometime in the future. Example 3: An agency must decide whether to impose regulations to conserve a biologically important wetland. Conserving the wetland has environmental benefits. The wetland provides habitat for a variety of animals, including waterfowl. The wetland ultimately provides benefits to hunters and bird-watchers. The wetland also provides benefits because it helps to maintain water quality and reduces flooding in neighboring areas. However, land that would be conserved could be used in a different way, say for agriculture or a shopping mall. This loss in use is an opportunity cost. Landowners may also incur some direct costs in protecting wetlands on their property or some opportunity costs associated with not using these areas in another way. BCA can be used to compare the benefits and costs of imposing the regulation. 1.3 BCA in a timeless world We now consider an example of BCA in greater depth. Suppose society is considering the construction of a large dam. The dam and resulting reservoir will provide numerous benefits and entail many types of costs. Here we simplify the story for the sake of our example. First consider the cost of building the dam. We assume the cost of construction is $500,000 for materials and $600,000 for labor. Now consider the benefits. Once the dam has been built, people will be able to go swimming, boating, and fishing in the reservoir. The total value of these recreational benefits is $400,000. The dam is also expected to provide flood control benefits for downstream residents. The saving due to this flood control is estimated as $300,000 in reduced damages to homeowners or farmers. The dam also produces electricity valued at $500,000. Since the total benefits are $1,200,000 and the total costs are $1,100,000, the benefits exceed the costs and dam construction appears to be a good investment. Benefitcost analysis has been used to compare the benefits and costs of the project. However, to know whether society should actually build the dam, other information is needed. For example, it will be necessary to compare the dam project with other possible uses of the funds. It might be the case that a $1.1 million investment in education could lead to more than $1.2 million in benefits. If so, the dam might be a good use of society's resources, but perhaps not the best use of those resources. 1.4 Time and discounting The example used above ignores the issue of time. In comparing the benefits and costs of the dam we didnt really consider when those benefits and costs occurred. But in many cases the timing of benefits and costs is an important aspect of the project under consideration. For this reason, dealing adequately with the timing of benefits and costs becomes a crucial part of the BCA. For example, what if the cost of constructing the dam is incurred this year, but the benefits of using the dam are not felt until next year, after the dam is completed. In this case will next year's benefits outweigh this year's costs? To deal with this kind of question, benefit-cost analysis uses a concept known as discounting. Discounting is a technique that converts all benefits and costs into their value in the present. Discounting is based on the premise that a dollar received today is worth more than a dollar
received in the future. This bias toward the present arises because by placing a dollar in a safe investment today, you can increase its value to more than a dollar tomorrow. Another way of saying this is that a dollar received in the future is not worth as much as that same dollar received in the present. That is, the future value of the dollar is discounted. Discounting is the opposite of compounding. Not surprisingly, the rate at which a future value is discounted is closely related to the rate at which present values are compounded, namely the interest rate. As we know from compounding, if the interest rate is 5%, then a dollar placed in the bank today will be worth $1.05 a year from now. This means that if the interest rate is 5%, $1.05 to be received next year is worth only $1.00 today. Whenever the benefits and costs used in a benefit-cost analysis occur in the future, it is important to discount these future values to account for their present value. If the interest rate is r, then the following formula can be used to find the present value (PV) of an amount (Pt) received at some time t in the future:
To apply the formula, remember: PV is the present value of the amount invested; Pt is the dollar value of the future amount in time t; r is the discount rate; and t is the year in which Pt is realized. For example, suppose that in the example of the dam construction cited above the cost of dam construction ($1.1 million) is incurred at the beginning of the project (t=0), but the benefits ($1.2 million) arise one year later, after the dam is finished (t=1). Suppose the interest rate is 10%. The present value of the benefits are:
. After the correction for the timing of benefits and costs (that is, on a present value basis), the benefits of the dam no longer exceed the costs of the dam and the dam looks like a less worthwhile investment. The reason for the change is that the discount rate now reduces the value of benefits because they occur in the future. As another example, suppose you are given the choice of two investments. The first pays you $210 today, but nothing thereafter. The second investment pays $100 today, and $115 next year (for a total of $215). The second investment looks better, right? Maybe or maybe not. It
depends on the discount rate. If the discount rate is 5%, which is the better investment? We find out by applying the present value formula: PV of investment 1:
PV of investment 2:
Even though the second investment pays out a greater sum, after discounting the first deal looks like a better choice. This basic formula for discounting can be applied regardless of the length of the time horizon. There is no simple rule for choosing a discount rate. One method is to use the opportunity cost of capital as the discount rate. The opportunity cost of capital is the return that would be received if the funds being invested were invested in the private sector (say in a business or in the bond market). Often the discount rate is simply set equal to a well-publicized interest rate. For example, the cost to the federal government of borrowing can be used as a discount rate. The discount rate could also be derived from what is called the social rate of time preference (SRTP). The SRTP attempts to compensate for the fact that people prefer to consume now rather than later. Because of this preference, individuals might have a bias in favor of projects that have benefits sooner rather than later. For some projects, society may want to take a longer-range perspective than individuals or businesses, and the SRTP tries to make this adjustment. For example, do you think construction of the Washington Monument would have passed a benefit cost analysis if people had a high preference for projects with immediate benefits? Part 2 -- Benefit-Cost Measures 2.1 BCA measures Several variations on the basic benefit-cost rule can be used to compare the benefits and costs of investments, projects, or decisions. 2.1.1 Net present value (NPV) The net present value (NPV) is the current value of all project net benefits. Net benefits are simply the sum of benefits minus costs. The sum is discounted at the discount rate. Using this method, if the project has a NPV greater than zero then it appears to be a good candidate for implementation. The formula used to calculate the NPV is:
2.1.2 Benefit-cost ratio (BCR) The benefit-cost ratio (BCR) is calculated as the NPV of benefits divided by the NPV of costs:
where Btis the benefit in time t and Ctis the cost in time t. If the BCR exceeds one, then the project might be a good candidate for acceptance. 2.1.3 Internal rate of return (IRR) The internal rate of return (IRR) is the maximum interest that could be paid for the project resources, leaving enough money to cover investment and operating costs, which would still allow the investor to break even. In other words, the IRR is the discount rate for which the present value of total benefits equals the present value of total costs: PV(Benefits) - PV(Costs) = 0. In general, the IRR should be greater than the discount rate for a project to be accepted. 2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of using benefit-cost analysis BCA is a valuable tool for decision making. It is most useful because it provides a starting point from which to begin evaluation of a project. BCA forces project advocates and opponents to provide quantitative data to back up qualitative arguments. With BCA actual data must be used to support the analysis. Typically, some subjective reasoning or value judgments come into play when deciding on projects or investments. While BCA may not be able to include all the criteria which is deemed important in evaluation, it does allow interested parties to clearly define the issues involved. BCA is also useful because it allows comparisons to be made between investments or projects. This comparison is made easier because all investments are evaluated using the same method. It then becomes easier to exclude obviously bad projects from consideration. While BCA can be useful, there are some difficulties with its application. First, it requires that the analyst assign monetary values to all benefits and costs. As we know, however, there are numerous benefits and costs which are intangible and therefore difficult to value. For projects with an environmental impact, for example, it can be difficult to place a dollar value on the benefits and costs. While the value of timber may be easy to calculate, the value of a spotted owl may not. Another drawback with BCA is the fact that results can be very sensitive to the choice of the discount rate. The entire result from a complex BCA may hinge on the choice of a single number for the discount rate. For this reason, BCA can be very controversial. The rate that is chosen can radically change the outcome of analysis (to convince yourself of this, try reworking the examples above using different discount rates).
Finally, an important drawback with BCA is that while most benefits and costs that arise in the present are known, many that arise in the future are unknown. A BCA must be conducted using information that is available. This information will be limited by our current knowledge of benefits and costs. Some future benefits and costs cannot conceived, much less measured. However, the role of uncertainty plagues not only BCA but also most other decision-making methods. 2.3 Intergenerational equity As stated earlier, it is commonly the case that people prefer consumption in the present to consumption in the future (you only have to consider how many people have credit card debt to convince yourself of this!). However, this preference for current consumption has some interesting and important implications regarding intergenerational equity. People in the current generation would prefer to consume resources now. Those in later generations would rather have access to these resources during their lifetimes (which have not yet started). The problem is that these future generations do not have a say in the decisions made today. Investments or projects may be chosen that benefit the current generation, but decrease the amount of resources available to future generations. The philosopher John Rawls proposed a method by which issues such as equity between generations might be solved. In Rawlss plan, members of the present generation would be hypothetically and temporarily stripped of their generational standing. All individuals would then work together to choose investments or projects. All decisions would be made from behind this "veil of ignorance." In other words, an individual would know how any particular decision affected each generation, but he or she would not know how a decision affected his or her own specific generation (since no one knows to which generation he will belong). After all decisions have been made, each person is then assigned to live either in the present or the future. Ideally, if a person votes without knowing to which generation he or she will ultimately be assigned, he or she will have no incentive to prefer one generation to another. That is, the final investment decision made using this procedure should not be biased in favor of a particular generation because each decision-maker could potentially become the member of any generation. Future generations are then given a voice while not depriving those in the present of their voice. Following a similar logic, some people have argued that when important public decisions are to be made, one person should be assigned to be a spokesperson for future generations. 2.4 Dam construction example revisited Having now examined the range of issues encountered in benefit-cost analysis in somewhat greater depth, let us reconsider the example of dam construction. This time, we will examine the benefits and costs in greater detail. To begin, we now assume that construction of the dam will take two years. The cost of construction is the same as before ($1.1 million) but now the construction costs are equally spread over two years ($550,000 in year 1 and $550,000 in year 2). We also assume that the dam has an operating life of 18 years. The entire project, therefore, spans 20 years. To simplify matters we assume that there is no inflation during the entire life of the project, and that all benefits and costs are known with certainty (strong assumptions!). Unlike before, we now assume that during the 18 years of dam operation the structure must be maintained at some cost. These operating costs are $50,000 per year. As for benefits, the dam project will produce 5,000,000 KWH of electricity each year (after
construction) at a cost of $0.05 KWH. This cost represents a savings of $0.02 per KWH over the next best method of electricity generation. These savings in electricity cost constitute a benefit. The dam will also produce a reservoir for recreation. We assume that there will be 50,000 person days per year of recreation benefits and that the value of these recreation benefits is $1.00 per person per day. We want to know whether construction of the dam is a worthwhile project. To analyze this example Table 1 presents the benefits and costs for the dam in tabular form. Combined with a discount rate, these data can be used to calculate the NPV and the BCR. These data can also be used to calculate the IRR. Results of these calculations are presented in Table 2. Note that the NPV and BCR measures both point to the same conclusion. At a discount rate of 10%, the dam should not be built (costs exceed benefits). However, at a lower discount rate of 5%, the project looks like a good investment. Specifically, at any discount rate less than 5.5% (the IRR) the benefits of the project exceed the costs. Table 1. Benefits and costs for dam Yea r 1 Constructio n Costs 550,000 Operatin g Costs 0 Recreatio n Benefits 0 Electricit y Benefits 0 Total Benefit s 0 Total Costs 550,00 0 550,00 0 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 Net Benefit 550,00 0 550,00 0 100,00 0 100,00 0 100,00 0 100,00 0 100,00 0 100,00 0 100,00 0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000
100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000
150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000
100,00 0 100,00 0 100,00 0 100,00 0 100,00 0 100,00 0 100,00 0 100,00 0 100,00 0 100,00 0 100,00 0
Table 2. BCA decision criteria Discount rate 10% NPV (want NPV > 0) BCR (want ratio > 1) IRR (want IRR > discount rate) Further Reading on Benefit-Cost Analysis General Overview Boardman, A.E., D.H. Greenberg, A.R. Vining and D.L. Weimer (1996). Cost Benefit Analysis: Concepts and Practice. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. -509,355 0.786 5.4% 5% 39,485 1.024
Cohn, E. (1972). Public Expenditure Analysis, with Special Reference to Human Resources. Toronto: Lexington Books. Gittinger, J. P. (1982). Economic Analysis of Agricultural Projects. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Environmental Focus Hanley, D. and C. Spash (1993). Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Environment. New York: Edward Elgar Publishing Co. International Focus Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (1994). Project and Policy Appraisal: Integrating Economics and Environment. Paris: OECD. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (1994). The Economic Appraisal of Environmental Projects and Policies: A Practical Guide. Paris: OECD. Intergenerational Issues Rawls, John (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.


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Testimonial 6/
"It's hard to put into words how appreciative we are of the entire DBC team of professionals. Our new home is what we've always dreamed of and so much more!"
-Brian C.Read More
"It's hard to put into words how appreciative we are of the entire DBC team of professionals. Our new home is what we've always dreamed of and so much more!"
-Brian C.Read More
"Such a talented team of innovative, detail-oriented professionals who take pride in their craft and are dedicated to partnering with you to design and build the home of your dreams."
-R. L.Read More
"This was our second time having a house built. We chose DBC for our second house as we tracked their quality of houses they've built during Parade of Homes and while under construction. We were not disappointed with our decision to go with DBC. They came through as we had anticipated providing excellent design support and a quality built home. Great group to work with and keep you informed as the project progresses."
-David D.Read More
"We would highly recommend Design Build Concepts after having them build our custom home in Ada. They are highly professional, honest, transparent and talented. If you dream it they will build it! The custom detailing in our home is absolutely beautiful and we couldn't thank the entire team at Design Build Concepts enough! It has been such a pleasant experience we are going for round 2 on another project with them."
-Tina F.Read More
"Dan, Kurt and their team are top notch and would be recommended to anyone who has high standards. The attention to detail and patience with us while building our dream home was second to none. Thanks DBC!!"
-Clayton V.Read More
"DBC was amazing! Beautiful designs and attention to detail. We are actually having them design another house for us because the value of our current home is so high."
-Angela M.Read More
As a design build company in West Michigan, we personally oversee and participate in every aspect of your home to ensure your total vision is realized.

subset: commoncrawl


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What MLM taught me about starting my own business
In August 2016 I traded in my corporate badge for a Super Mom cape. I'm not going to lie, the thought of not receiving a paycheck week to week and not contributing to a 401K was scary as hell. At the end of the day I needed desperately to spend time with my new baby after traveling frequently from the time she was 9 weeks old. I felt as though I had lost valuable time, missed out on milestones and key moments that I'd never get back. I felt tremendous guilt each time I pulled out of the driveway to head to the airport handing her off to our nanny. Sitting in bathroom stalls pumping breast milk while planning out all my "pump" breaks and stops along the way of my weekly sales calls while listening to flight updates over an intercom got old and depressing real fast.
I knew that I wouldn't survive motherhood without some type of "busy" work to keep me going through the day. I had decided to join LuLaRoe, a multi-level marketing clothing company prior to leaving my job as a way to supplement some income and to provide me with a social outlet. I had relocated to Charleston, SC from Massachusetts the year before and since I was working from home selling software, I didn't have much opportunity to get out and meet many new friends. I thought this would be the perfect business to keep a stream of income coming in while also enjoying the benefits of being home with my baby.
I learned a lot very quickly in starting my LuLaRoe business. I took advantage of nap times and my daughters bedtime to do the core of my work. From photographing inventory, answering questions, setting up parties to sending follow-up correspondence to customers, each day was filled with activities to keep myself and my business busy. Since so much of my business was executed online, I learned that I needed to connect with my customer base so that they got to know who I was and what I was all about on a deeper and more personal level. Relationship building was probably one of the most important parts of owning a mostly online based business as you're not always face to face with your consumer. I made it a habit to post in my online group at least once per day even if it meant just to say hi and let them know what I was up to that day (business related or not).
In a sea of consultants, I found that you had to do things to try and set yourself apart from the competition. I always included extra treats of tea or candy in all of my packages. Around the holidays, I always included something seasonal. Customers loved this special added touch to my packages. Another thing I always did was ship orders same or following business day. I felt if you were giving me your money for an item it was extremely important to provide prompt service.
After almost a year in the business, I started to feel like it was time for me to move on and do something more unique. I loved selling clothing to ladies because having someone feel beautiful from a piece of clothing you sold to them, is a wonderful feeling. I've always been a "bargain shopper" so I thought it would be great to start my own boutique selling clothing and accessories at affordable prices. I already had all of the tools to get my business going, and with there being so many LuLaRoe retailers, I thought this was a way to keep my passion going while setting myself apart from other small local boutiques.
In June I started the process of selling off my LuLaRoe business and setting up an LLC for my new venture, Haute off the Rack Boutique. In early July I launched my online business by marketing my new venture to friends and family. I set up an online VIP group that has first access to all new inventory before it hits my website. This business has been 100% organic growth so I don't allow any "add's" to my group. Each person has to add themselves because I want people to be a part of my group because they want to be there, not because a friend has added them to another online group (I hate being blindly added to groups without my permission).
I have started Haute off the Rack Boutique as a very small online store with plans to expand to offer "pop-up" parties, a mobile boutique and possibly a children's line in the near future. All items in the boutique are currently listed under $40 and include free shipping. My goal is to keep all inventory at $50 and under including shipping.
I love how transitioning from the corporate world to a small business owner has added so much joy and freedom to my life. If someone told me two years ago that I would leave my job to be a stay-at-home Mom and small business owner, I would have told them they were crazy. I'm happy I took the opportunity to sell LuLaRoe as I learned so much about customer service, managing an inventory based business, and time management. I feel it was a great stepping stone and gave me the courage and confidence to start my own business.
Katie Weinbrenner
Katie is originally from Townsend, Massachusetts and relocated to the Charleston, SC area after her husband took a job with a local defense subcontractor in 2015. Katie had worked in various roles of sales and marketing for 10 years specializing in avionics technology and software before deciding to stay home with her daughter Harper. Katie holds a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Management and Corporate Leadership from Nichols College in Dudley, Massachusetts.
www.fashionablyhaute.com or join the Facebook VIP group at www.facebook.com/groups/hauteofftherackboutiquellc/.


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Ease your menopause symptoms and optimize your health with the help of the wonder herb, Shatavari!
Menopause is a time of great change, but it can also be a happy and enjoyable time in your life. I've had my fair share of discomforts (mood swings and anxiety to be specific). But with healthy eating, regular exercise and with herbs like Shatavari, we can overcome our symptoms in the natural way.
Shatavari is the "Queen of Herbs"! Aside from being useful in menopause, it also helps us stay young, glowing and happier. With its many health benefits, Shatavari is used all over the world for a variety of reasons!
Let's get to know more about this herb, what it can do for us in menopause and some things to remember when using it!
7 Best Shatavari Benefits for Menopausal Women!
While stress and poor lifestyle influences how we experience menopause, one cause of our symptoms is because of our hormones. When we have hormonal imbalance, this disturbs our physiologic, mental and emotional functions, and we experience menopause symptoms.
Shatavari is a phytoestrogenic herb. This herb contains plant-based estrogens called phytoestrogens. Phytoestrogens are good for the body because they are able to supplement for your estrogen deficiency during menopause. Experts say phytoestrogens are safe because they are less potent and they do not alter chemistry of your hormones. They also blend well with your endogenous estrogens without disturbing their functions.
Now that you know what's inside Shatavari, here are 7 of its best benefits during menopause!
- Relieve hot flashes and night sweats. Reduce vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats with the use of Shatavari. This herb relaxes the central nervous system (CNS), where the hypothalamus is part of. The hypothalamus is the temperature regulating center of the body. As a direct result, you are able to ease hot flashes and night sweats. In addition, Shatavari also has cooling properties. Therefore, when the body's temperature rises at abnormal levels, it can help combat the heat.
- Ease vaginal dryness. This is a common condition in menopause which can affect our libido. When the vagina is dry, it's hard to enjoy sex, because it can be painful. Most often, women avoid having intercourse because of this. Hence, we tend to avoid having sex, which can worsen vaginal dryness even more. Since Shatavari is oily and greasy by nature, it can help moisten your vaginal area. Aside from providing lubrication, this herb has antibacterial properties which serves as protection.
- Prevent anxiety, depression and mood swings. Have you ever experienced getting irritated, sad, frustrated or nervous for no reason? Sometimes, it can be overwhelming. Using Shatavari regularly, can help you manage your emotions better. This herb stimulates and balances the production of our happy hormones. Endorphin, serotonin and dopamine are all essential to keep us calm, relaxed and happy.
- Combat fatigue. Do you feel exhausted, sluggish or distracted? You might be experiencing fatigue! Stress is a result of many factors. It might be because of declining hormones, unhealthy lifestyle or menopause itself. Shatavari has anti-stress properties that can help you regain your balance. It keeps your hormones in check and calms the mind and body. To be more effective in relieving stress, you have to slow down and take things one at a time. Sometimes, calling a time out can help bring back your zest in life!
- Improve memory lapses. Experienced scrambling around looking for something? You can't seem to remember where you placed it. It was on top of the table – or not! Snap out of memory lapse with the help of Shatavari! The herb improves blood circulation, properly nourishing brain cells and slowing down neuro-degeneration. Most of all, Shatavari is a good antioxidant, which rids your body of harmful toxins. Its anti-stress property also relaxes the mind. Remember, a calm mind is a productive mind!
- Solve sleeping problems. Disturbances in sleep during menopause is a direct result of decreasing estrogen. This female hormone regulates our sleep-wake pattern. Therefore, when estrogen production is low, sleep is very much affected. Stress is also one factor that causes sleep deprivation. When stressed, our body releases a hormone called cortisol. This hormone gives us a boost of energy to stay alert. However, persistent elevation in cortisol can make us restless. As a result, we are wide-awake at night! Shatavari stimulates estrogenic activity and regulates cortisol in the adrenal glands. As a result, the body achieves hormone balance. When the body is more relaxed, you can have a good night's sleep and feel energized the next day.
- Boost metabolism. Decreased metabolism is often associated with menopause. This is why we tend to put on some extra pounds during this phase in our lives. But you can ward off excess weight by taking Shatavari! The herb stimulates the thyroid glands to produce its hormones. Our thyroid hormones boosts metabolism, preventing weight gain. Aside from this, they also promote better digestion and rids the body of harmful toxins.
What is Shatavari?
Shatavari has many names. It is also called Asparagus Racemosus, Satavar and Shatamull.
In Sanskrit, the herb has an intriguing name. It is called 'a hundred spouses'. Before you get all excited – no, it won't give you 100 husbands! Shatavari is actually called as such because of its many large and fleshy roots.
Many people in India use it as a female health formula. In fact, there are countless fertility supplements made from Shatavari roots. The herb is said to very effective, that it can even help your ovaries nurture healthy and mature egg cells. It also prevents miscarriage, relieves morning sickness, increases breast milk and regulates menstruation.
Aside from promoting reproductive health, Shatavari is also used as a nutritional supplement. It is filled isoflavones, anti-oxidants, fiber and vitamins and minerals, which includes vitamin B, calcium and zinc.
Best of all, it is popularly used as an aphrodisiac! If you want to bring back your mojo and enjoy better sex, you might want to try Shatavari.
Watch this video by John Douillard as he explains the benefits of Shatavari! [2:15]
LifeSpa is a great company that sells all natural Shatavari products. Check their site and see if their products are what you're looking for!
Shatavari Preparation and Dosage
Shatavari products come in many different forms. They are available in powder and tablet and liquid extracts. Many women prefer using the powder form as it promotes better and faster digestion.
To start, you need to use 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of Shatavari powder. You can blend this in a glass of warm milk, added with sugar or honey. This herb also goes well with ghee, so you can mix the herb and herbalized ghee for the best nourishing benefits. You can also add it to any of your favorite healthy liquids!
For people who are on the go, Shatavari tablets are more convenient. Aside from this, they do not have a strong taste which is noticeable in the powder form. Shatavari capsules are taken together with water or warm milk. It is also best to take it twice a day, after meals. Or better yet, follow instructions provided by manufacturers.
Liquid extracts are also good because they are easy to take and have longer shelf life. Like the powder form, liquid extracts tend to have a faster effect. They can easily activate the body's digestive process and other supportive mechanisms.
Shatavari Side Effects
So far, there are no adverse reactions or side effects with Shatavari use. But, it is best to avoid this herb's consumption if you are allergic to asparagus.
Shatavari also has a diuretic effect. Because of this, observe proper caution, especially if you take diuretics for specific medical treatment. Taking diuretics can lower blood pressure which can cause dizziness and fainting. Due to this, you are more prone to injuries and accidents.
Remember, talk to your doctor if you plan on adding the herb into your daily supplements.
Herbs are great remedies to ease our discomforts during menopause. They have healing properties and are rich in nutrients that can improve our overall health and well-being. Besides Shatavari, there are plenty of other herbs that can help you during menopause. Get to know more about them in our article, "The Best Herbs for Menopause to Balance Hormones and Relieve Symptoms!"
So, what do you think of Shatavari? Is it on your list of must-try herbs? We'd love to know your thoughts, share it below! Sign up for our newsletter and follow us on Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram and Twitter for updates.


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RED, WHITE and BLUE
Happy 4th of July weekend! The flag is flying, Uncle Sam is manning his station, and marshmallows have been toasted over an open fire. We are hooking this afternoon, so all is well with the world. Remember, first Saturday hooking will take place next Saturday July 13th and will be an 'All Day' hook-in event. Carl will be making lunch for us, so please email me to let me know if you plan to attend.
There are so many wonderful patterns that have flags in them. I just got in a bunch of new patterns from Needl' Love, several have flag motifs. There are many other 'flag' patterns in the store, as well.
What to do for flag colors is always an interesting debate. Below are some favorites here in the store.
|Jan Goos favorites: Grease Monkey, Pepperberry, Partial Eclipse
|For a brighter flag: Flow Blue, Persimmon, and Alamo White
Whatever your flag preference, visit the store. We have endless combinations for your next Americana project. Happy holiday to you!
Till next time,


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Striking Public School Teachers Marching From Via Espa˝a to Calle 50 Today
Tuesday, April 29 2014 @ 12:14 pm EDT
Contributed by: Don Winner
Views: 1,485
The public school teachers, who have been on strike for the past six days, are marching from the church towards the headquarters of the Human Rights Ombudsman on Calle 50.
So far there has been no "white smoke" from the authorities of the Ministry of Education and the educators, so their protests continue.
The public school teachers, together with their union leaders, hope the Minister of Education Lucy Molinar will arrive today to give them an answer to their demands, and that she will not send a representative.
The striking teachers are demanding the Ministry of Education agree to pay them a $300 per month raise, without conditions, and especially for the raise to be disbursed before 15 May. (Critica)
Editor's Comment: Again, politically motivated. They are trying to take advantage of the fact that we are now just a few days before the elections, to press their demands.


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by Sean Kinahan
This article describes a potential use-case for the Street Smart for AutoCAD plugin. The example workflow is for asset management – in this case, the real-world assets we'll be capturing are pavement markings. First, we need to run through our initial setup checklist. Our drawing file contains corresponding block definitions for the assets we intend to capture, and our Street Smart viewer window is active in the area of interest. Follow along with the video below:
Workspace and Controls
If you direct your attention to the CycloMedia tab on the AutoCAD Ribbon, you will see three panels labeled "Location", "Distance", and "Surface" respectively. These panels correspond to three of the possible measurement methods allowed via the Street Smart viewer. The controls contained in each panel control the behavior of the plugin when exporting each type of geometry from the Street Smart viewer. The 2D/3D toggles control whether the Z value of the exported geometry will be included or not, and the SplitButton controls allow the user to select which AutoCAD primitive to generate for each measurement method. The entities available for export will differ depending on the specific AutoCAD vertical (Map 3D, Civil 3D, etc.).
Getting Started
The first step is to select the AutoCAD entity that we are interested in generating from our measurement. In our case, we will select the "Block" type under "Location". The selected entity and 2D/3D modes can be altered at any point prior to pressing the "Export Measure" button with our measurement active in the viewer. When we select "Block" from the dropdown menu, we see that the SplitButton control updates to display the selected type.
Measurement Mode
The next step is to enter measurement mode in the viewer. Measurement mode is activated by pressing the button on the Street Smart viewer menu with an icon that is shaped like a ruler. We are prompted to select a measurement method – in this case we want "Location". Once measurement mode is active, we can select the point we would like to capture and bring it into AutoCAD. For this demonstration we will use the bike lane pavement marking just ahead. We place our location point by clicking once on the center of the real-world pavement marking.
Once we are satisfied with our measurement placement, we need to press the "Export Measure" button on the AutoCAD Ribbon to generate the selected AutoCAD entity. Most entities are generated automatically at this point, but others do require some manual user interaction. In our case we still need to specify which Block to create a reference for at the measurement location. We will select our existing bike lane marker block, and press "OK" to confirm.
You may notice that the generated entity is a bright green color. This is because AutoCAD entities generated from measurements are assigned to the currently active layer in the AutoCAD document, and inherit their styling from the currently active layer as well.
Our Block reference object has been created, but it still needs some minor adjustments to line up correctly with the real-world pavement marking. In this case we will use the rotation tool to orient the marking so that it lines up parallel with the street.
Successfully exported measurements are added to the overlays in the Street Smart viewer. This means that even after exiting measurement mode and navigating to other locations, a representation of the exported point persists in the viewer. This is a helpful tool for displaying locations where data has already been exported. Active overlays can be toggled on or off in the overlays submenu of the Street Smart viewer. The name of the overlay will match the name of the exported measurement – in this case we left it as the default, but users may assign a descriptive name in the viewer prior to export.
Linear Dimensions
Next, we will demonstrate a similar workflow for adding AutoCAD Linear Dimension objects to our drawing using the Street Smart viewer. We enter measurement mode once again, but this time we choose "Distance" for our desired measurement method. Our measurement will span the width of the parking lane to the right side of the bike lane we just captured. First, we pick two points – one at the center line of the lane marking, and another as close as possible to the curb edge on the street.
Before we export the measurement, we ensure that the selected AutoCAD entity type for "Distance" measurement is 3D Linear Dimension. Once again, the generated Linear Dimension object will use the active layer settings for styling. Similarly, dimension format and display properties will use the drawing's settings. This allows users to rapidly generate AutoCAD dimension objects from a real-world data source that will match the formatting of existing dimension objects in their drawing by default.
For argument's sake, let's pretend that we generated a Linear Dimension object when in fact we wanted to generate a different type of AutoCAD entity. Since our measurement is still active in the viewer, we can use those measurement values to generate other AutoCAD entities. In this case, we can simply delete our generated Dimension object, change the "Distance" AutoCAD entity to Polyline, and press "Export Measure" again. We can see that a Polyline entity is generated using the same measurement.
If you're interested in learning more about our Street Smart plugin, you can see other articles about it, watch more demos, or contact us for more information.
This Street Smart plugin is also available for MicroStation.


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Return of Slapfish Summer of Sustainability Specials
It's summer and time for the return of Slapfish's Summer of Sustainability campaign where guests can enjoy fresh sustainable meals at great prices. The fun begins today, June 16th, and will continue for the next six weeks. Each week, Slapfish, will release one new special dish for families to enjoy throughout the warm summer months.
WEEK 1 – June 16 – June 22
Wild Pacific Albacore Tuna Melt Rustic sourdough | spinach, cucumber, tomato, flaked albacore | awesome sauce
MSC (Marine Stewardship Council) certified, locally sourced and managed, the quality of this tuna can't be beat. Troll-caught and pole-caught tuna, where the fish are caught by individual hooks targeted at them, preserves the quality of the fish, since they don't spend any time scrambling in nets or then "drowning" once brought on board waiting their turn for processing. These fishing methods also create almost no bycatch (fish and other sea animals caught while trying to caught a specific species, which are often killed and wasted in the process).
WEEK 2 – June 23– June 29
BBQ Yellowtail Banh Mi Sandwich Fresh baked baguette | packed with pickled radish, cucumber, carrots, jalapeno, and spiced yellowtail | grill sauce
California yellowtail is most commonly found along the Pacific Coast between Southern California and Baja, California. California yellowtail begins to reproduce at a young age and produces large numbers of young, traits that help it withstand fishing pressure. The stocks are well managed in U.S. waters.
WEEK 3 – June 30 – July 6
Alaskan Halibut Po Boy Fried halibut in a toasted roll | packed with lettuce, tomato and pickled peppers | Tabasco aioli
Pacific halibut is a bottom-dwelling groundfish that nestles into the sandy seafloor, often seen with only its eyes and mouth uncovered. Primarily found in the coastal North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, it migrates hundreds of miles from shallow coastal waters to the deep, open ocean to spawn in winter. Most return, year after year, to the same coastal feeding grounds. Most Pacific halibut are caught in Alaska where fishing for Pacific halibut is strictly limited to the bottom-long lining method, which causes little habitat damage or bycatch. Pacific halibut is also caught using troll lines and bottom trawl nets.
WEEK 4 – July 7 – July 13
Crispy White Seabass Taco Fried corn shell | pickled red onion and cabbage | rooster dressing
Prized for its large size and good flavor, white seabass is found off California and both coasts of Baja California, Mexico. Fished commercially and for sport since the early 1900s, white seabass populations were in decline from the 1960s through the 1980s. New management efforts, including supplementing the wild population with hatchery-raised fish, have helped California's population recover.
WEEK 5 – July 14 – July 20
Copper River Salmon Hand Pie Gently fried | stuffed with avocado and chiles | served with tomatillo sauce
Prince William Sound salmon runs are all carefully managed for long-term sustainability by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. ADF&G conducts weekly aerial surveys and monitors weirs at several points throughout the Prince William Sound estimating abundance to ensure an adequate number of fish migrate to spawning grounds to reproduce each year.
WEEK 6 – July 21 – July 27
Baked Carlsbad Luna Oysters Wild mushroom and bacon stuffing | herb crust
Carlsbad Aquafarm Sustainably Farmed Shellfish. Unlike some farmed fish, oysters minimally impact marine resources as they don't rely on wild-caught fish – in the form of fishmeal or fish oil – for food. And, thanks to the oyster's filter-feeding action, oyster farms can actually benefit the surrounding coastal waters.
Slapfish has locations in Huntington Beach, California (19696 Beach Blvd., in the Newland Center at Adams), and Laguna Beach (211 Broadway Street, across from Main Beach at PCH).


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Scarlett Johansson May Get Singled Out
Rolling Stone reports that actress and singer Scarlett Johansson's new band, The Singles, has received a cease and desist letter from an old band, The Singles, unsurprisingly alleging trademark infringement. According to Vincent Frederick, frontman of the old Singles, his group has been using the Singles name for sixteen years, whereas Johansson's group debuted just this month. Unmentioned in the article is the fact that Johansson's band owns a pending U.S. trademark application, filed in 2012, for the mark THE SINGLES. Frederick's group can likely claim common law trademark rights in its name, but the group does not appear to have taken any steps to secure formal trademark registration of its name. If the earlier group had registered THE SINGLES as a trademark sixteen years ago, the registration would now be incontestable, and would likely have prevented the newer group's application from even passing the substantive examination stage. An incontestable registration would also be a considerably more formidable weapon against Johansson's band, or any other junior user of THE SINGLES as a band name.
This story serves as a cautionary example of why bands and other performers should always formally register their stage names as trademarks at the earliest opportunity, as well as why performers should always conduct a full trademark search prior to adopting a stage name. Registration also confers exclusive rights to the mark throughout the United States, which makes it possible for a band that, for example, only performs in California and Nevada to prevent the use of a confusingly similar name by another band that only performs in New York and New Jersey. Many, if not most musicians understand the importance of copyright law to a successful musical career, but far fewer appear to fully appreciate the critical role that trademark law can play in protecting their professional identities, reputations, and livelihoods. Read the full article here, and listen to Johansson's new single here. Reposted from Rolling Stone.


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10 Things I Know About You and Your Business
No, I am not a psychic or believe in fortune cookies, and in all probability we have never met each other, but I know these things about your business:
- 1. You do business in the Flathead
- 2. You want more targeted customers
- 3. Your website needs more traffic
- 4. You have a limited ad budget
- 5. You are not an SEO expert
- 6. You are perplexed about online marketing
- 7. You don't have time to play the social media game
- 8. You are tired of empty promises by advertising sales people
- 9. You don't know who you can trust, or what is real and what is hype
You have a problem
Our world is growing increasingly complex and the old ways of marketing and advertising are being replaced by Internet stratagems driven by the rise in popularity of mobile devices. People don't read the newspaper like they used to or use the Yellow Pages; they find everything they need on their smartphones or Tablet PCs. If you are not responding to this paradigm shift your business will be in trouble.
You are too busy to play games
You are far too busy managing your business to experiment with every new advertising idea or couponing scheme that comes along. You may have tried Pay-Per-Click and found it to be exorbitantly expensive, and that SEO firm you hired cost a fortune and results were undetectable. You discovered that social media is a giant time-suck that seldom produces buying customers. I get it; you're tired of playing games.
There is no ONE SOLUTION to the problem
But…there are numerous actions you can take that can help your business attract new customers in this brave new world. The one marketing tactic that has been important for the past twenty years is getting good links to your website. According to Google, today that link needs to be from a strong LOCAL authority site and the Flathead Guide provides that juice. Not only do you get a powerful link to your website, you also get a mobile-friendly 'mini website' to showcase your business.
The benefits are HUGE! Unlike an ad in conventional print media (a one-shot deal), your listing in the Flathead Guide works for you 24x7x365. Plus, your link from the Flathead Guide can actually help your main website rank higher in search results.
To summarize, the Flathead Guide provides your business with a stand-alone 'mini-website' that is mobile friendly and 100% search engine optimized. It gives your website powerful link juice and creates a new channel to capture customers for your business. It does all this and more for only $4 per month.
The one thing you should do now…
- 10. You make decisions based on facts. Now that you have the facts, add your business listing to the Flathead Guide today!


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This recipe is my "go-to."
Don't you all have your "go-to's?" You know, your "go-to" shirt for doing out for dinner, your "go-to" pyjamas for when you want to be warm and cozy, your "go-to" Thai place for take out. Well, now you can add a "go-to" brunch dish to that list.
This strata is just as perfect for entertaining a crowd for a Sunday brunch as it is for a quick re-heatable weekday morning option.
It is also easily made in advance – actually, you have to make this in advance as it needs to sit overnight to let the egg mixture soak into the baguette cubes.
It's loaded with all sorts of good for you vegetables and gets a hit of flavour from some grated parmesan and sliced sun-dried tomatoes.
I have in fact made this not once, not twice, but THREE times in the last couple months when hosting a brunch and lunch at my place and it has never failed to impress.
And if this happens to become your new "go-to" breakfast, brunch, lunch, AND dinner recipe, well, I won't tell!
Broccoli, Mushroom, and Sun Dried Tomato Strata
|Meal type
|Breakfast, Lunch, Main Dish
|By author
|Adapted from Ellie Krieger
- 5 Cups cubed whole wheat baguette
- 1 onion (chopped)
- 2 Cloves garlic (minced)
- 4 Cups sliced button mushrooms
- 500 Gram bag frozen broccoli (defrosted and chopped)
- 85 Gram bag sun-dried tomatoes (rehydrated in boiling water and thinly sliced)
- 8 eggs
- 8 egg whites
- 1 cup shredded part skim mozzarella
- 1/3 cup grated parmesan
- 2 Cups skim milk
- 1 Tsp dried thyme
- 1/2 Tsp salt
- 1/4 Tsp pepper
- 1 Tbsp dijon mustard
This strata is an excellent make ahead weekend brunch option. It can also be portioned out for breakfast or lunches during the week.
|Preheat a non stick skillet over medium high heat and spray with cooking spray. Add onions and garlic and cook until onion is translucent and soft. Remove to a large bowl and set aside.
|Add mushrooms to pan and cook until browned and liquid has evaporated. Add mushrooms to bowl with onion and let cool.
|In a separate large bowl, whisk together eggs, egg whites, milk, and dijon mustard until combined. Add onion mixture, broccoli, sun dried tomatoes, thyme, mozzarella, and parmesan cheese and mix until combined.
|Spray a 9 x 13 pyrex with cooking spray and evenly distribute bread cubes along the bottom. Pour egg mixture over top and make sure bread cubes are all covered with this mixture. Cover pan with plastic wrap and place in fridge for at least 8 hours, or overnight.
|Preheat oven to 350 and bake strata for about an hour (it should be browned on top). Remove and let cool for about 5-10 minutes before serving.


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I tried Automatic WordPress Backup and WordPressWPup on my Dreamhost server and both of them failed to backup blog content to Amazon s3. Is there any other free plugin to backup an entire blog to Amazon s3?
closed as off-topic by gmazzap♦, Rarst May 23 '14 at 8:24
This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:
- "Asking to recommend a product (plugin, theme, book, hosting provider), tool, library or off-site resource is out of scope of the site, as it attracts opinionated answers and spam. Instead, describe the problem and what has been done so far to solve it." – Rarst
I am using Automatic WordPress Backup and it works well.
It let's you schedule it and it takes both the database and the filesystem.
Let me know if it works for you.
@Gopinath What was the error/failure? I'm using Automatic WordPress Backup on Dreamhost without issues. – Ray Mitchell Mar 29 '11 at 10:32
BackupBuddy works flawlessly for backing up to AmazonS3. FYI: it is a commercial Plugin, though.
You can use HotBackup plugin. It will create database + file system backup and upload it to Amazon S3. The plugin works automatically, so you don't need to worry about it, everything will be made for you. Plus it can restore backups.


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Your shopping cart has been saved, the items inside it will be restored whenever you log back into your account.
Diesel Men's J-Madara-2 Jacket HQJGGCQEH
- Product Code: HQJGGCQEH
- Availability: In Stock
Available Options
98% Cotton, 2% Elastane; Contrast: 100% NylonImportedDry Clean OnlyZipper detailsSnap pocket closure
Diesel Men's J-Madara-2 Jacket HQJGGCQEH


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Corse Foto is now offering iPad cases.
Our high resolution shots are taken to create amazing cases for your iPad. Redbubble & Uncommon present the finest iPad cases on the internet. Incredibly tough and totally unique, protect yourself in style. Available for iPad 2 and iPad (3rd & 4th gen).
Uncommon™ uses an exclusive 3D TATT™ (Thermo-Active Transdermal Technology) printing process transfers the ink deep into the case's surface creating the only one-of-a-kind protective cases on the planet.
All photos on our website are at a low resolution to provide faster loading pages. All of our prints are printed at a high resolution.
If you would like an iPad case of any of our other photos please email us and we can design it and send you the link to purchase it.
Please contact firstname.lastname@example.com if you have any questions.
All Photos Property of Corse Foto all rights reserved, do not use without permission/purchase.
Red Bubble is property of RedBubble Pty. Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Uncommon™ is property of Uncommon™. All Rights Reserved.


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For 25 years the International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival has attracted a world-wide audience to its annual "jamboree" and this silver anniversary year is no exception.
Almost 100 Canadian performers and supporters are flying all the way from British Columbia to Harrogate with a performance of The Gondoliers.
America's oldest G&S Society, the Savoy Company from Philadelphia, and personally recognised by Gilbert himself in 1902, are returning to Harrogate with a performance of Iolanthe.
Each group will spend almost a week in the town enjoying the festival and the sights and sounds of Harrogate and North Yorkshire.
Gilbert and Sullivan is as popular today as ever. English National Opera are performing Iolanthe to full houses in the Coliseum London. Opera North attracted thousands to its Trial By Jury.
English Touring Opera toured the country last season with Patience and Sasha Regan's all male ensemble receive rave reviews wherever it appears.
Gilbert and Sullivan is being performed currently in St Petersburg, Russia; France, Germany and even in Japan – in Japanese!
An undoubted highlight of the G&S Festival in Harrogate is the festival's own professional group, the National Gilbert and Sullivan Opera Company which this year will present five new productions.
They are he Pirates of Penzance, Ruddigore, Iolanthe, Trial by Jury and The Sorcerer during its three week run in Harrogate's Royal Hall.
The company presents nothing but Gilbert and Sullivan and enjoys five star reviews from national theatre critics. Unlike many of the national opera companies it receives no public funding. The company is, however, gaining an outstanding reputation and will tour the UK following its appearance in Harrogate in August.
Some people will spend the whole three weeks at this year's Festival with wall to wall Gilbert & Sullivan from 9am every morning to the early hours of the following morning. The day-time fringe programme this year gives 10 British universities the opportunity to bring their own full scale production to Harrogate Theatre for the special UNIFest competition,
A four day "event" entitled "The Magic of Gilbert and Sullivan" will feature 30 speakers travelling to Harrogate from Australia, America, Canada, Russia, Germany, Switzerland, England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales with presentations on the life and times of England's most famous theatrical partnership.
This year's youth production of The Sorcerer has a cast of youngsters from around the UK, America and Europe and the very popular Bus Pass Opera for the over 60s is attracting one 92-year-old participant flying all the way from New Zealand just to appear in its production of The Yeomen of The Guard.
Approximately 2000 people will perform on stage or backstage at this year's festival – the biggest celebration of Gilbert and Sullivan that the world has ever seen.
The festival runs from August 8 to 27.


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Psychotropic has benefits for medical care and health services but also has the side effect that is if they are misused. Misuse of psychotropic is very dangerous for the User, and the nation's society.
The Indonesian government in tackling the misuse of psychotropic has established Act No. 5 of 1997 on Psychotropic Substances, focus of this act is aimed to prevent the use of psychotropic side effects that are qualified as crime is very detrimental to the individual, society and the State.
This study was to determine the psychotropic case investigation process which is the duty and obligation of our police force must be based on a statutory provision which already exist. The implementation of common their investigation of abuse of authority committed by unscrupulous law enforcement officials, even in the public rumor that the police only the pursuit of targets set by the management and the suspect psychotropic feel trapped by the authorities.
This study analyse the investigation process by investigators of the case to be reviewed psychotropic normative juridical and bring the issues that arise in the community, if it is true then the issue of what action should be taken against those responsible.
We hope that this article is the result of research can be useful for law enforcement officials, especially the police and the community in general.
Keywords: System Influence, Psychotropic, Penitentiary
Teks Lengkap:PDF
Abdullah Said. Sistem Pembinaan Narapidana Residivis pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan kelas I Makassar (studi kasus tahun 1998-2002). Makassar. Universitas Hasanudin, 2009
Bambang Poernomo, Hukum Pidana Kumpulan Karangan Ilmiah, PT Bina Aksara, Jakarta, 1982
________________, Pelaksanaan Pidana Penjara dengan Sistem Pemasyarakatan, Liberty, Yogyakarta, 1986
C.I. Harsono Hs., "Sistem Pembinaan Narapidana, Sebuah Konsepsi Pembaharuan" , Bali Post,1988
Sanafiah Faisal, Penelitian Kualitatif, Dasar-Dasar dan Aplikasi, Penerbit Yayasan Asih Asah Asuh (YA3), Malang, 1990.
Tb. Irman S. Praktik Pencucian Uang dalam Teori dan Fakta. MQS Publishing & AYYCS Group, Bandung.2007.
Wirjono Prodjodikoro, Asas-asas Hukum Pidana Indonesia, PT Refika Utama, Bandung, 2008,
Undang Undang :
Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Pidana
Undang Undang Nomor : 12 Tahun 1995 tentang Pemasyarakatan
Internet :
Detik news, Polisi Tangkap 2 pemuda dan ribuan butir psikotropika di yogyat , selasa, 4 April 2017, 19:52 WIB
Tempo Interaktif, Polisi Yogyakarta Tangkap Pengedar Ganja seberat 11Kg, Jum'at, 12 Februari 2010, 14:13 WIB
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The Curry 5 'Grey/Gum' Has Finally Dropped
After hitting Under Armour's ICON customization platform earlier this week, the Curry 5 has now released in its latest colorway: Grey/Gum.
The Curry 5 features an EVA midsole for court feel, a fully knit upper, and Anafoam containment zones at the forefoot lateral wall and around the heel for lockdown. This build flaunts gum outsoles that give the shoe a totally new flavor.
While both Duke4005's and Nightwing2303's Curry 5 Performance Reviews were busts, the pain they experienced in the 'Pi Day' colorway may have been specific to just that build. Nightwing tried a different Curry 5 colorway in a bigger size and didn't experience the pain he did in his first go around. For the most up to date performance information check out his Curry 5 Performance Re-Review.
The Curry 5 'Grey/Gum' is available now at FootLocker.com and UnderArmour.com for $130 in adult sizes and $110 in kids.
Images courtesy of Under Armour


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The Metadata for Digital Content Group is part of the Library of Congress. I ran across this group while doing some research on metadata. I was struck by this statement from this group: There is no PERFECT metadata. I read what little I could find about this group and noticed that it is a working group that helps implement institution wide policies at the Library of Congress. Though this is a group internal to LC, much of their work is important and relevant to those working on digital projects elsewhere. Cataloging Futures also talked about this and quoted this from the group:
Consistent and rich metadata are needed in order to improve search of the Library's collections and provide web services that users have come to expect. The MDC group members include catalogers, programmers and digital project managers, and represent different service units of the Library concerned with digital content. All are united by the common need for more effective descriptive metadata, which is of increasing importance for the burgeoning amounts of new digital material added to the Library's website every day. In studying the question of "what are users looking for, and can they find it?," the group determined that the overall quality of the online bibliographic records plays a big part in success or failure. So, how can the records be structured to help users discover relevant resources when they search? Jane Mandelbaum, manager in the Library's Information Technology directorate and a founder of the group, said the group is focusing on "how we build standardized metadata that works across the spectrum of digital objects." The group has made considerable progress through the creation of a master list of standardized metadata elements used to map existing digital collection records to a single XML metadata scheme. The XML metadata uses the Metadata Object Description Schema.
This is some fascinating work by this group, which started with the early digitization projects at the Library of Congress, such as the World Digital Library, as well as the Metadata Standards. This group continues to oversee institution-wide guidelines for metadata. Check out their page on Metadata for Digital Content, which has a link to the word document, Master Data Element List.
This is a mine of information not only on metadata and crosswalks but also provides tools for those working on digital projects.


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Sku: MWP120
Get in touch and we will try our best to match it or even beat it! firstname.lastname@example.com
You must be logged on to use the reminder option.
Moerings Water Lily Kits allow you to easily add beautiful looking plants to your pond without a fuss.
Each kit contains a Water Lily, planting basket, gravel and soil to allow you to quickly get setup in no time. Simply place the soil in the basket, position the plant and then spread the gravel around the plants to hide the roots. Once you have done that you can position the plants in your pond and move them to their perfect location.
Different plants thrive in different locations of the pond, and in particular, Water Lilys do best sitting between 0 -40cm underwater.
|Scientific Name / Species
|Yellow Water Lily
|Nymphaea Chromatella;
|Pink Water Lily
|Nymphaea Carnea
|Red Water Lily
|Nymphaea Attraction
|White Water Lily
|Nymphaea Albida
Each Pack Contains:
1x 19cm x 19cm x 10cm Planting Basket
1x Water Lily
Pond Soil
Simply enter the details required and press "Tell a Friend".


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We have a lot of people moving away from more expensive areas in greater London to Ash Vale because they get much better value for money and still have good transport links in to London.
We are fortunate enough to have a train station in Ash Vale which provides a direct service into London Waterloo in under an hour and if travelling to London by car you can be on the M3 or A3 in under 10 minutes.
We have a wide variety of properties in Ash/Ash Vale some of which date back to 1600s as well as many Victorian properties dating back to when the Basingstoke Canal was a major transport route and we also have our share of large modern developments. There are several primary schools in the area with two of them receiving a 'good' OFSTED rating and a large secondary school, Ash Manor School, which is also well regarded locally.
I have lived and worked locally for 20 years and have seen quite a few changes, mainly for the better.
One of the things that I like about the area is the fact that there is so much open green space available for dog walks, Ash Ranges is an ideal place to go for a long walk or there is the disused railway line that runs through Ash Green also a big hit with dog owners. One of the things I like to do in the summer is dust off the bike and go for a ride along the Basingstoke Canal stopping off at the various pubs along the way for refreshment (not too many of course!).
Crawford Moxley, Branch Manager, Ash Vale
firstname.lastname@example.com 01252 353030


text: RIDDLE OF THE DAY Riddle of the Day January 9, 2018 womanengineer Answer to January 8th, 2018 Riddle: I am a fish hook Riddle of the day: I'm only safe when with you. But vulnerable when I'm with other people. What am I? Post your answer below. Subscribe for the answer on January 10th, 2018! Share this:Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Like this:Like Loading... Related Leave a comment


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We offer drive electronics for the easy operation of all types of laser diodes. Collimators made of glass or plastic are used to produce the most precise beam profile possible from the emitting laser diode.
Plug and Play drive electronics used to operate high power laser diodes.
With the new LDP-C series, you have all options available to safely operate high power laser diodes with a different power level and a pulse width of from cw to 1 μs. The extremely small and inexpensive driver boards are optimized for modulation of up to 500 kHz. The different TO housings that are available for HP laser diodes can be connected to the board without a problem. The unit is, therefore, very easy to use; in fact, it only requires a supply voltage of +12..15 V and a trigger signal. External components such as, for example, driver interfaces, are not required.
This combination of HP laser diode and driver module is used in medical technology, process engineering and testing technology, material processing, and printing technology.


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Before + After / Noe Valley Modern/
I started this project shortly after completing the 36th Ave Surf House, and I'm happy to finally be sharing the results! 25th St Residence is in San Francisco proper and its owners are a young couple who care about three main things for their home: comfort, longevity, and ease of maintenance. With kids in the future, longevity also means kid-friendly. They had recently purchased the house and didn't have much by way of furnishings, however many pieces and decor were kept or purchased from the previous owners. My clients knew they liked the clean lines of mid-century style furniture, color, and minimal decor or fuss, so I took up the challenge of working with the existing rugs and window treatments to create a place that would feel like home.
The living room had window treatments that were a pretty difficult color to work with, but by pulling out some of the underlying green tone and featuring the green in the color scheme, I was able to keep the feeling of the space contemporary. To add some personal flavor, I worked with the owners to select photos they had taken on their travels and have them blown up for art.
The master bedroom had a lot of purple to work with. Since the drapes were staying, I had the accent wall painted white to match the other walls and added a few pops of color with decor to complement the drapes.
Similarly to the living room, the family room had existing drapes and rug to work with, and travel photos were decided as the central focus for the wall decor. Given the existing bold colors, we went with a neutral sofa that was comfortable for people at both ends of the height spectrum and added punches of color with a handful of accent pieces. Overall the goal was to create a feeling of comfort and warmth, and the natural wood tables were critical in helping achieve that.
This was a great project for me to step outside of my comfort zone and work with colors that aren't normally in my palette, as well as be especially attentive to material choices, making sure that spills would be easy to wipe off (no marble) and kids would be safe (no sharp edges). Overall, I'm happy with how 25th St Residence hit all my clients' goals!


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Recycling Facilities
Recycling Services in Croydon, Sutton & London
Hinton's Waste is a leader in waste processing and renewable energy in the London area. At our dedicated recycling plant in Croydon, we sort collected waste into recyclables and residual materials, and use the latter to produce renewable fuels.
We understand that many businesses are looking to lower their carbon footprint, and ensure that they are within the law when it comes to environmental policies. You'll be glad to know that we recycle over 90% of the waste that we collect.
For recycling facilities local to London, look no further than Hinton's Waste recycling centre. Contact our team today to learn more about our grab hire, skip hire and WEEE recycling services, either via phone on 020 3124 1971, or use our handy contact form.


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Take Us Out to the Ball Game!
Last week, Blood:Water staff and family headed out to First Tennessee Park to see the Nashville Sounds take on the Iowa Cubs.
Knowing the outcome of the previous seven games, we started our day with Aaron Sands, director of operations, telling us the team was poised to win. And he was right!
Going in to the eighth inning, the Sounds were down by two, but came back for a 6-4 victory!
It was a great night for the Sounds, and a fun night for Blood:Water staff and family to spend time together outside of the office!


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Brought To You By Nuffnang and Colgate
According to new research from Colgate, over two thirds (68 per cent) of Aussie parents purchasing Easter treats have admitted to stealing their kids' treats in 2014. Hahaha … you were one of them weren't you lol? I know I was 😉
The Colgate study also revealed, Aussie families are expected to consume a whopping 124.3 million Easter treats over this holiday period, which is kind of insane haha.
I thought we would put together a little blog post of "Easter Food" ideas that are fun for the kids but balance out the sugar hit if you are looking for something that won't be so harsh on their teeth.
Below are 6 Cute and Fun Easter Food Ideas:
1: Easter Egg Fruit Salad
This one was super easy and just required some fruit, an egg carton and some plastic Easter eggs which you can buy from any shop.
2: Carrot Snack Bags
Again this idea is super simple and you will need a clear plastic bag, some carrot and green coloured yarn.
3: Egg Chicks
Although this looks like it might be tricky, it was actually quite easy. All you need to do is boil the number of eggs you want. Boil them long enough till you know the centre is hard. Once you have taken them out and they have cooled down (but are still a little warm) peel the eggs. Then use a sharp knife to cut out the egg whites into the shape below. It came out quite easy which was great. I use a little bit of carrot for the beak and a tiny bit of chocolate for the eyes.
4: Bunny Face Pancake
This is a great breakfast idea for an Easter morning. All you need to do is make up a small batch of pancakes. Use half a banana for the ears, eyes and teeth, carrots for the whiskers, strawberry for the nose and choc chips for the pupils.
5: Babybel Bunny Faces
This is great for the lunchbox or afternoon tea. All you need is some Babybel cheese, carrots for the ears, tiny choc pieces for the eyes, white bread circles for the face and Babybel red wax for the nose.
6: Fruit Cup Chick
This is for all the mums out there who say "Ain't no one got time for that" haha. Simple and easy. Draw a cute little chick face on the front of a fruit cup and you are done!! haha
The reality is even if we get our creative food mum on and make our kids some low sugar or sugar free Easter treats, they are still going to indulge in chocolate goodness at some point!
One thing you should definitely do to help your kids' teeth cope with the onslaught of Easter sugary treats is get yourself some Colgate® Maximum Cavity Protection plus Sugar Acid NeutraliserTM Junior and Colgate® Maximum Cavity Protection plus Sugar Acid NeutraliserTM toothpaste for yourself.
Did you know that this toothpaste neutralises the sugar acids in plaque, which is the #1 cause of cavities and reduces early decay by half. This is different to fluoride toothpastes because the patented Sugar Acid Neutraliser technology helps de-activate sugar acids before they can harm teeth. The cost of a quality premium technology toothpaste is much more affordable than expensive dental bills haha.
Our family has been using this toothpaste for the past few months and has found it really great. I like that I personally know this is the best toothpaste for my kids over the age of six. It's a really easy buy and available in most in most stores for only $2.99.
A few other top teeth brushing tips which can help kids of all ages include:
Colgate's Dr Sue Cartwright's top tips:
- Brush twice a day: Brush after the last food / drink has been consumed each day, and then at one other time;
- Don't rush: Take your time and do a thorough job. Brushing should be done for two minutes each time;
- Help out the young ones: For kids aged under eight, make sure you assist them with brushing;
- Go soft: Always opt for a brush with soft or extra soft bristles for all family members;


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Featured poets include: Alice Lovelace, Kodac Harrison, Chelsea Rathburn, Jon Goode, Bill Taft, Theresa Davis, Collin Kelly, Bruce Covey, Beth Gylys, Dan Veech, Megan Volpert, Franklin Abbott, Christine Swint, Rupert Fike, Jamie Iredell, Karen Head, Mr. Funn, Bob Wood, Tania Rochelle, Cleo Creech, Marissa McNamara, Mike Dockins, Ginger Murchison, James May, JC Reilly, Amy Pence, Robin Kemp, Marshall Gillson, Michael Diebert and Alice Teeter.
Talking Back to the Muse, April 17
Poetry Atlanta and Composition Gallery in Candler Park team up for this special evening to celebrate National Poetry Month on Saturday, April 17, 8 p.m. Favorite Atlanta poets will be reading a classic poem followed by a response, rebuttal or rant of their own. It's sure to be a unique evening of poetry. Mark your calendar now!
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So we're gonna give you a little international flair via Guyana, South America!! Bringing us the cheeky song, "Mop It Up" that may inspire your feet to the dance hall is songwriter, producer and vocalist, Jhayee. Tell us your thoughts about the song!
Hope is a music enthusiast and continual student of photography. Also known to rock out a quiet church or elevator with her current ringtone, Tom & Jerry's Uncle Paco, "Crambone".


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Salt Lake City, Utah – The world premiere of David Maslanka's Symphony No. 10 will be performed by the University of Utah Wind Ensemble under the direction of Scott Hagen on April 3, 2018. Maslanka passed away in August 2017, leaving the large work unfinished and its future uncertain. His son, Matthew Maslanka, also a trained composer, completed the symphony on his behalf in time for the premiere.
David Maslanka was one of the most influential wind band composers of the last 50 years. Before the contributions of Maslanka and his contemporaries, there were few large, serious works for these ensembles. Maslanka's compositions A Child's Garden of Dreams (1985) and his Symphony No. 4 (1993) helped to establish the wind band as a viable genre for such pieces. Maslanka deeply enriched the repertoire by composing over 150 works, more than 50 of which were for wind ensembles.
Symphony No. 10 was commissioned by a consortium headed by Scott Hagen (University of Utah) and Stephen K. Steele in mid-2016 and was scheduled for a fall 2017 completion. Unfortunately, Maslanka was diagnosed with cancer in June of 2017 and passed away August 7th. He had planned 4 movements for the symphony and had completed the first, second, and fourth at the time of his death. The third was left only in rough sketches. He asked that his son finish the work.
His son, Matthew, accepted the challenge to finish the symphony. Matthew is an accomplished New York city musician and composer who worked closely with his father for many years as his publisher and copyist. He studied the sketches his father left behind and was able to complete the work in early March in time for the April 3rd premiere. Those who have seen the score ahead of the performance are excited and enthusiastic about the work. Doug Brown of the radio program Wind and Rhythm said, "(I'm) speechless. It is awesome."
Symphony No 10 will be premiered at 7:30 on April 3rd at the University of Utah's Libby Gardner Hall. The performance will feature the University of Utah Wind Ensemble, directed by Scott Hagen, with Matthew Maslanka on euphonium. Maslanka will also give a pre-concert talk at 6:45 pm. The pre-concert talk and concert will be live-streamed over the Internet. For more information, visit davidmaslanka.com.
Concert details:
April 3, 2018, 7:30 pm
Libby Gardner Hall
University of Utah
1375 E Presidents Circle
Salt Lake City, UT 84112
$12.50 Gen Ad, $6.50 Students
The David Maslanka Foundation is dedicated to preserving the legacy of composer David Maslanka. His music is important not just as foundational literature for wind band, saxophone, and percussion, but as a catalyst for personal and professional transformation. The Foundation and sponsors events, performs educational outreach, and maintains an archive of his papers.
Press Contact
Kathryn Maslanka
(406) 207-7629


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Durham County
Durham public school custodians to get higher pay, benefits. What will it cost you?
Schools custodian overjoyed at chance to become DPS employee
The Durham school board made a lot of custodians happy Thursday, March 9, after members voted unanimously to spend at least an additional $1.1 million per year to make them Durham Public Schools employees once again.
The move means DPS will soon end a 13-year relationship with SSC Service Solutions, the company to which it had outsourced its custodial services. DPS paid SSC Service Solutions $7 million this year to provide custodial services and to manage the district's cleaning program. The contract is the largest awarded by the district.
Custodians complained that SSC Service Solutions and its subcontractor Premiere paid sub-par wages and did not provide paid sick time, paid leave or paid holidays.
Life as a DPS employee should be much better, especially for custodians working full-time. The pay will be better and they will receive the same benefits as any other DPS employee, including North Carolina State Health Plan health insurance and NC Teachers' and State Employees' Retirement System retirement benefits.
Part-time workers will also be better off with higher pay under the state salary schedule and paid sick leave, paid holidays and paid annual leave, all of which will be prorated.
"The victory is because I know that those part-time people coming behind me have an opportunity to work for a school system, and I'm not saying they're [the school district] perfect, but you can live, you have benefits, you're making a living wage and you have a retirement program and paid time off," said Deborrah Bailey, a custodian employed by DPS contractor SSC Service Solutions. "That means a lot."
George Conrad, the lead custodian at Hillside High School and Hillside New Tech High School, said he is grateful for the opportunity to work for DPS.
"This has been a long time coming," Conrad said. "We deserve it. Now, we can live normal, be able to go to the doctor and just be normal hard-working people.
Denise Wiggins, a supervisor at Hillside employed by Premiere, called the 7-0 school board vote a "great victory."
"Now, the part-timers got what we asked for and the full-timers got what we need," Wiggins said. "We all got benefits."
Still, many of the details must be worked out. For one, DPS must find $1.1 million above what it paid Services Solutions to move custodians in-house.
Funding options could include reallocating existing funds or asking County Commissioners, who hold the district's purse strings, for an extra $1.1 million. The school district's preliminary request for "new money" in next year's budget is currently in the neighborhood of $4 million. The additional $1.1 million would require a total request of $5.1 million in new money now.
"We'll have to put it into our overall budget request and into our possible request to commissioners," said Aaron Beaulieu, the district's chief operating officer.
In addition to finding the money to pay for moving custodians in-house, the administration is being pushed by the school board to move the custodians in-house before January 2019 as presently planned.
"We want to shrink in that timeline they [the administration] presented, which had it out to January," said school board Chairman Mike Lee. "I want them to move immediately on that and I'm going to do everything I can to support the administration to do that."
Beaulieu said the administration will be "aggressive" in its effort to move custodians in-house.
"We want to be able to do it well and do it with quality," Beaulieu said. "Developing that timeline and coming back with something realistic will be the next steps in the follow up. We'll do everything we can, but we are in our hiring season for teachers and we want to do this well so it'll have a chance to be successful."
The timing of the move was one concern expressed by officials in the district's human resources department, which is "hyper focused" on teacher recruitment and implementing a new teacher contract system.
Bringing custodians in-house will mean the HR department will simultaneously have to hire 250 part-time and full-time custodians by May 31 while it recruits teachers for the next school year. All custodians currently employed by the district's two contractors will have to apply for jobs with DPS.
"It's a victory but scary in a way because there are no guarantees," Bailey said, referring to custodians who must apply for DPS jobs.
Theo Bishop is one of 33 full-time custodians grandfathered in as a DPS employee when the services were first outsourced. They are still on the DPS payroll. He said he has been fighting for more than a decade to bring all custodians in-house.
"This will bring honor and respect back to the job like it used to be," Bishop said. "We'll be able to actually get everything done that we need to by having that honor and respect for the job."
DPS originally outsourced its custodial services at the request of principals who wanted to be relieved of the responsibility of hiring and managing custodial workers and ordering and purchasing cleaning equipment and supplies.
This new move will involve a separate DPS management team that will oversee workers and order and purchase cleaning cleaning equipment and supplies.
To move custodians in-house, the district will also incur a one-time start-up cost of approximately $1.2 million to purchase custodial cleaning equipment for schools and office buildings, along with fleet vehicles and phones.
A recent Durham Public Schools survey found that the majority of principals who responded wanted outsourced custodians to become DPS employees.
According to the survey, 56 percent of principals wanted custodial services moved in-house while 44 percent preferred that the services remain outsourced.
Under the plan to move custodians in-house, full-time custodians would earn between $13.37 and $16 an hour, on par with what other district full-time classified workers such as bus drivers and cafeteria workers earn.
Part-time custodians would earn less, between $11.22 and $14.86 an hour but would pick up paid sick leave and paid holidays.
The contractors now pay most part-time custodians between $8 and $9 an hour and offer no paid sick leave, paid holidays or annual leave. Full-time custodians generally make $15 an hour but receive no paid sick leave or paid holidays.
A more expensive option $1.5 million above current costs was on the table Thursday. The difference was higher pay for part-time workers.
Brian Proffitt, president of the Durham Association of Educators, which lobbied to have custodians moved in-house, said he was proud of the way the custodians fought for themselves.
"I think it's a win for everybody," Proffitt said. "I think we landed on a solution that both honors our values and honors our people."
Greg Childress: 919-419-6645, @gchild6645


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Wow! What an amazing year it has been here in the NYC restaurant industry. With the economy going nutty, it has been quite the year. The year of the burger, the pizza, and the banh mi. Restaurants have evolved with the economy. I have had some great meals this year, some were pricey, and some were cheap. I had some memorable dishes, and some forgettable ones. And so, without further ado, here are my top meals and dishes of 2009.
Top 5 Meals:
1. Tasting menu with wine pairings at Alto, cooked specifically for me and food personality Josh Ozersky, by chef Michael White. This meal consisted of the best and most amazing pasta dishes I had ever had in my life.
2. Lunch at Jean-Georges. Mind-blowing.
3. All meals at Momofuku Ssam and Noodle Bar. Still my favorite all round NYC restaurants.
4. Casa Mono. My favorite tapas spot in NYC delivers every night.
5. Tasty-Hand Pulled Noodles. This Chinatown noodle spot is so satisfying and great, and so cheap, it is one of the best bangs for your buck in NYC.
Most Memorable Dish:
Caviar Egg toast from Jean-Georges. The perfect bite.
Runner Up:
Pate de Fegato from Sorella. Might stop your heart, but truly delicioso!
Best Burger:
The Little Owl: The Little Owl only serves their burger during lunch. But, it is the BEST burger in NYC, hands down.
Worst Dish:
The Brooklyn Diner's Mac and Cheese is tagliolini pasta, Parmigiano Reggiano and ham. Next to the dish on the menu it says "Best of New York, NY Magazine". This cannot be further from the truth! It was the worst dish of the year, and totally unacceptable. It gives new meaning to the term "Tourist Trap". I want my $18.50 back.
Best Sushi Experience:
Omakase at Sushi Azabu. Sublime.
Best Newcomers:
There have been many new restaurants that have opened up this year that are great. Here are some of my favorites that are worth checking out: (in no particular order)
Locanda Verde
East Side Social Club
Have an amazing and magical 2010 everyone!!