text:
Japan Leading Region into 2010
By Christian Gregor Dieseldorff, SEMI Industry Research and Statistics
According to the World Fab Forecast, Japan's share of worldwide fab capacity (including Discrete devices) remains unchanged in 2009 at about 25%, or 3.8 to 3.9 million wafers per month (in 200 mm equivalents). The World Fab Forecast shows that Japan maintains a strong position also into 2010.
Spending on equipping Front End facilities in Japan is expected to be about US$2 Billion in 2009 and may increase by about 70% to over US$ 3B in 2010. Spending is primarily for 300 mm Memory fabs.
The global recession has resulted in leading chip makers NEC Electronics and Renesas to announce a merger, with a planned completion effective April 1, 2010. The new company will have double the capacity of either company separately and represent about a 12 to 13% total share of fab capacity in Japan. Though sizeable, the merged capacity total is about half compared to Toshiba's share of installed capacity in Japan (including its alliances and joint ventures with Sandisk and SONY) of about 25% in 2009 and 27% in 2010.
In 2009 and 2010, the largest equipment spenders will be Elpida, Fujitsu, NEC Electronics and Toshiba, with the Flash Alliance and Alliance with SONY.
Starting in June 2009, Toshiba began to raise $3B in global stock offerings to invest in its factories. This represents Japan's largest stock offering by a non-financial company in the past eight years. Toshiba continues to focus on NAND Flash, having expanded its partnership with the IBM Alliance and renewed its NAND patent pact with Samsung.
Toshiba's total capex plan is 1100B Yen (about US$ 11.5B) from fiscal year 2009 to 2011. About 49% of its product line consists of electronic devices and components, accounting for about US$ 5.65B from FY 09 to 11. Its planned capex for semiconductors for fiscal year 2009 is about US$ 940M. The remaining $4.7B will be spent in fiscal years 2010 and 2011; or, in calendar years, about $2B for 2010 and more than that in 2011.
Upgrading and Expanding - Toshiba Fab (Oita, Japan)
Even with fewer companies in the arena, Japan still remains the leading region worldwide in terms of installed fab capacity and a key region in terms of capital expenditures. With the merger of leading chip companies such as NEC Electronics and Renesas, fewer but stronger companies are left leading Japan into next year.
SEMI World Fab Forecast report provides high-level summaries and graphs; in-depth analyses of capital expenditure, capacity, technology and products, down to the detail of each fab; and forecasts for the next 18 months by quarter. These tools are invaluable for understanding how 2009 and 2010 will look, and learning more about capex for construction projects, fab equipping, technology level, and products.
The difference between the SEMI Worldwide Semiconductor Equipment Market Subscription (WWSEMS) data and the World Fab Forecast and its related Fab Database reports is that the fab database reports track any equipment needed to ramp the fab, upgrade, expand or change its wafer size regardless if it is new equipment, used equipment, or transferred equipment, while WWSEMS tracks only new equipment.
Please visit www.semi.org/fabs for additional information on these reports.
October 15, 2009


text:
The Vakil Mosque (Persian: Masjed-e Vakil) was built between 1751 and 1773, during the Zand period; however, it was restored in the 19th century during the Qajar period.
Vakil means regent, which was the title used by Karim Khan the founder of Zand Dynasty.
Shiraz is the fifth most populated city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. It is located in the southwest of Iran, has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for more than a thousand years.The earliest reference to the city, is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BC. In the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of the arts and letters, thanks to the encouragement of its ruler and the presence of many Persian scholars and artists. Shiraz was the capital of Persia during the Zand dynasty from 1750 until 1781, as well as briefly during the Saffavid period.Shiraz is known as the city of poets, wine and flowers. It is also considered by many Iranians to be the city of gardens, due to the many gardens and fruit trees that can be seen in the city. Shiraz has had major Jewish and Christian communities.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Bronze Age Shield
Product Code: HI00547
Weaponry is a great way to engage both boys and girls at the start of any historical topic.Read more
Save £15 when you spend £150 on Humanities Resources DetailsSpend £150 on Humanities resources and save £15. Terms and conditions: 1. This offer is valid until 31.10.19 and applies to full priced items only. 2. Cannot be used in conjunction with any other offers and is subject to availability. 3. Excludes Apple products. 4. Offer is online only and discount is applied in the basket. 5. TTS reserve the right to change these terms & conditions on reasonable notice. 6. Offer is only open to customers based in the UK (inc. Channel Islands and Isle of Man).


text:
Assurance Training Coordinator
- Recruiter
- Location
- Birmingham
- Salary
- Competitive
- Posted
- 14 Nov 2018
- Closing date
- 14 Dec 2018
- Job function
- HR & training
- Job level
- Experienced (non manager)
- Hours
- Full time
- Contract
- Permanent
- Listing type
- Job vacancy
A career in Learning and Development, within internal firm services, will provide you with the opportunity to contribute to the success of our people by developing quality and relevant learning initiatives that constantly improve the PwC experience. You'll help us identify and source the best instructors, develop learning and performance improvement solutions across traditional and virtual classroom environments, and consult with other areas of the firm to ensure our curriculums and initiatives support the PwC strategy.
As an Associate, you'll work as part of a team of problem solvers with extensive consulting and industry experience, helping our clients solve their complex business issues from strategy to execution. Specific responsibilities include but are not limited to
- Proactively assist the team in various aspects of the project
- Prepare deliverables
- Contribute to the development of your own and team's technical acumen
- Keep up to date with local and national business and economic issues
- Ensure you are adhering to compliance matters
- Work on developing internal relationships and your PwC brand
About the Team
One L&D is PwC's internal learning and development function. Our ambition is to be a world-class learning function, partnering with the business to deliver L&D which meets the needs of our people and helps deliver the Firm's strategic priorities.
About the Role
- Manage audience for Assurance mandatory training – c 1000 practitioners/TC
- Identify target audiences for mandatory training programmes through implementation and validation of Assurance Learner Profiles throughout the year
- Run mandatory training process for each deadline – escalating issues in R&Q
- Technical on-boarding for experienced joiners c 100/TC/year
- Establish contact with new joiners, coordinating discussions to define technical training requirements reflecting their training experience, grade and role and overseeing completion of resultant training plan
- Align approach to mandatory training with business needs
- Collaborate with specific business operations teams (resourcing, HC Operations) to schedule event timing in alignment with needs of individual business units
- Event management – liaise with HCCS where inefficient to involve PIE – venue sourcing, contracting, processing invoices, printing, attendance sheets
- Tutor management – c 500 tutor delivery days/TC/year
- Work with a network of business contacts to identify course tutors
- Ensure adherence with tutor accreditation requirements
- Manage tutor changes
- Record keeping – demonstrate adherence with defined regulatory requirements across all aspects of the role
- Respond to adhoc requests/queries from target audience
- Provide specific support into the Graduate induction programme across business units and on a firmwide basis in some regions
- Have an awareness of Intellectual Property Rights (i.e. copyright) requirements applicable to their activities
Essential Skills and Experience
- Excellent project management, time & organisational skills
- Good analytical skills and good experience of using Excel
- Goal orientated – maintaining focus on agreed objectives and deliverables
- Commercially orientated – keeping commercial aspects continually in mind when taking actions or making decisions
- Proven ability to self-motivate and work independently as well as a track record of working professionally and collaboratively as part of a wider-team.
- Proven ability to manage and prioritise projects and work to deadlines.
- Ability to build and maintain good relationships to hold challenging conversations with Partners and senior staff in Assurance.
- Communicate confidently and effectively, both in written and verbal form
- Effectively use online collaboration tools e.g. Spark / WebEx
Who we're Looking for
The One L&D Assurance team are responsible for designing and delivering training to our Assurance business and are looking for an individual to join the team as a Training Co-Ordinator (TC).
The successful candidate will work with the Assurance Reporting Project Leader in collaboration with Assurance to enable the business to undertake all training that is required to demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements.
Internal firm services
In order to deliver a first-class service to our clients, we need first-class support internally. Internal firm services is a network of specialist support professionals and includes marketing, recruitment, human capital, finance, technology, learning and development, procurement, to name but a few. Each team plays a vital role in making sure we have all the right resources, services and technology across our business.
The skills we look for in future employees
All our people need to demonstrate the skills and behaviours that support us in delivering our business strategy. This is important to the work we do for our business, and our clients. These skills and behaviours make up our global leadership framework, 'The PwC Professional' and are made up of five core attributes; whole leadership, technical capabilities, business acumen, global acumen and relationships.
We work in a changing world which offers great opportunities for people with diverse backgrounds and experiences. We seek to attract and employ the best people from the widest talent pool, as well as those who reflect the diverse nature of our society. And we aim to encourage a culture where people can be themselves and be valued for their strengths. Creating value through diversity is what makes us strong as a business and as an organisation with an increasingly agile workforce, we're open to flexible working arrangements where appropriate.
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- Finance & accounting HR & training Experienced (non manager) jobs in Birmingham
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text:
The surname Luffay was adopted in England after the Norman Conquest of 1066. After the Norman Conquest, the Old English naming system gradually dissolved. Old English names became less common and were replaced by popular continental European names. The earliest surnames in England were found shortly after the Norman Conquest and are of Norman French rather than native English origins.
However, two other sources disagrees with this generally accepted origin and in "this name relates not to the tender passion, but is an old modification of the French Loup, wolf." [2]CITATION[CLOSE]
Lowe, Mark Anthony, Patronymica Britannica, A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom. London: John Russel Smith, 1860. Print. [3]CITATION[CLOSE]
Charnock, Richard, Stephen, Ludus Patronymicus of The Etymology of Curious Surnames. London: Trubner & Co., 60 Paternoster Row, 1868. Print.
Another source claims "Love is an ancient Kentish surname. Reginald Love held property around Chatham and Rochester in the reign of Henry V. The Loves have long been an old Staplehurst [, Kent] family of gentry; a hundred years since there were several inscriptions to this family, some of them obliterated, in the church and churchyard." [5]CITATION[CLOSE]
Guppy, Henry Brougham, Homes of Family Names in Great Britain. 1890. Print.
Up in Scotland, early records there revealed Thomas Lufe who appeared as witness in Glasgow, 1472, and Yhone Luyif was a tenant in the barony of Glasgow, 1521. William Lufe and Ranald Lufe were rebels at the horn in 1534, and John Lufe rendered to Exchequer the accounts of the bailies of the burgh of Renfrew in 1567. [6]CITATION[CLOSE]
Black, George F., The Surnames of Scotland Their Origin, Meaning and History. New York: New York Public Library, 1946. Print. (ISBN 0-87104-172-3)
|Popular Products
|Armorial History With Coat of Arms
|Coat of Arms & Surname History Package
|Family Crest Image (jpg) Heritage Series - 300 DPI
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|Armorial History with Frame
|Framed Surname History and Coat of Arms


text:
Major Edit
Hi all, I'm working on a major edit for this page. It seems to me that a lot of this article can be made a little more clear, so I'm taking a go at it. I have already changed a few sections. It will probably take me a couple days to finish everything, so let me know what you think as time progresses.
--Arcanazar 20:37, 16 July 2009 (EDT)
I'm helping you
After this i test it .....
and fix, add, cancel bugged parts
--nTia89 13:21, 17 July 2009 (EDT)
Partition Section
This section is a mess. I think that we should just find the fastest way to partition the hard drive, with a preference to tools on the Arch Linux install disk (as long as the work). Having multiple ways of creating the partitions seems confusing. I recommend using parted as it is part of Arch and can handle GPT format hard drives. --Arcanazar 13:36, 17 July 2009 (EDT)
yes i think i think also that we can completely delete triple boot section and even the dual boot section redirecting users who wants dual boot to another guide like Ubuntu i think this because Archlinux users are experience users and precisely for this we can write a short partition section
--nTia89 15:00, 17 July 2009 (EDT)
on the dual boot section ew can only write what they must do but NOT how example
- install refit
- partition disk with .....
- install arch | and when you install grub select to install in the /boot NOT in /dev/sda
wiFi section
needs to be reworked
--nTia89 16:49, 17 July 2009 (EDT)
What is wrong with the Wifi section? I have a first-gen MacBook and wireless works out of the box for me. --Arcanazar 16:54, 17 July 2009 (EDT)
nothing is wrong, only needs a reorganization
NOW is OK
--nTia89 06:33, 18 July 2009 (EDT)
2.6.37 has the broadcom-wl drivers built in as the module brcm80211 -- we'll have to see if the packaged kernel enables it. If they work under macs, we could probably edit the wifi section. Telkkar 12:26, 6 January 2011 (EST)
Updated the Wifi section to include a tip about out of the box support in kernel 22.214.171.124-1 for Macbook Pro 6.2 generation, and changed the instructions to point to the Broadcom wireless page rather than links to the driver itself (since the broadcom page includes all this information). --fourisfive 21:18, 24 March 2011 (EDT)
new macbook note
needs to be putted in begin of the page , first of all
--nTia89 16:49, 17 July 2009 (EDT)
Why don't we move this page to one called "Apple" or something similar. It doesn't matter whether you're installing on a MacBook/Pro, Mac Mini, etc. except for drivers, which are easily listed on one page. At the very least, the new MacBook page should be merged with this one. We shouldn't have to make a new page each time a new model comes out.
--Arcanazar 16:54, 17 July 2009 (EDT)
IMHO we don't need it. first we must do very well, that all works for macbook. For me a Apple page OK but that contain less things
--nTia89 07:00, 26 July 2009 (EDT)
I'd like some new wiki for the 2009 MBP 5.5, but don't know where to start. On these pages? I agree we don't need a new wiki for every model coming out. As far as the "Apple" page, I don't have an opinion.
--Jryarch 19:11, 22 August 2009 (EDT)
Doesn't work !!!
home sharing and sound doesn't works for me !!!
--nTia89 16:48, 17 July 2009 (EDT)
I'll try home sharing later. I know that the old instructions for configuring ALSA worked for me.
--Arcanazar 16:54, 17 July 2009 (EDT)
I just checked the ALSA page, and those were the only instructions that I had to use to set up sound. It worked just fine for me. What generation is your MacBook?
--Arcanazar 17:03, 17 July 2009 (EDT)
i've a 2,1 macbook white
--nTia89 06:34, 18 July 2009 (EDT)
The iSight installation wouldn't work for me. I had to do it manually. It's easy: sudo ift-extract -a /media/MacOSX//System/Library/Extensions/IOUSBFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleUSBVideoSupport.kext/Contents/MacOS/AppleUSBVideoSupport
--Apol 20:58, 25 July 2009 (EDT)
thanks Apol then edit it please
--nTia89 07:00, 26 July 2009 (EDT)
control file name in POMMED --nTia89 11:09, 16 September 2009 (EDT)
After (finally) getting my new MacBook Pro (5,3) to dual-boot OSX and Arch, I thought I'd share my findings. I added the reboot quirk and module tweaks to the Installation section, and I moved the note about using rEFIt to fix the partition table up in the article.
My experience with rEFIt was that if I adjusted the table after installing GRUB (i.e. after finishing the Arch install process), the Mac wouldn't correcly recognize the boot partition, and I'd get an "Operating system not found" or similar error. If I reinstalled GRUB on the partition, it would then work. However, when I used rEFIt between partitioning and installing, everything worked on the first go.
As for the modules, I was attempting to use LUKS for disk encryption, but when I got to the password prompt, the computer appeared to freeze. I discovered this was actually just because it wasn't accepting keyboard input, and I narrowed down which modules needed to be present for it to work. Since I rebooted a lot during this process, I found it nice when I could get the reboot command to work properly too.
--DJPohly 17:01, 8 August 2009 (EDT)
- Looks like my intuition about "there must be a better way" was right. Changed the article to use the
usbinputhook rather than the extra modules. --DJPohly 18:31, 9 August 2009 (EDT)
hardware table & works table
add a hardware table & works table like in some Acer archwiki page
--nTia89 11:09, 14 September 2009 (EDT)
wireless broadcom
Q: wireless card works out of the box in macbooks which have BROADCOM CARD ???? need answer. --nTia89 09:53, 16 September 2009 (EDT)
A: No they don't, you have to download the broadcom-wl drivers for it and manually install the packages. You can find the package in AUR
move refit section on top
Change name?
Why is the article titled "Powebook (English)"?
Should I remove the (English) tag? manolo 16:52, 16 November 2009 (EST)
- added some notes and comments here and there to clarify or give alternatives
- added the whole power management section
- This also works on macbook pros (at least the 5 serie), so I added a note in intro.
- I had some trouble making lirc work, so I added some instructions. Note that I didn't need "appleir" and I can't find it in the repos, so I got rid of the reference to it.
Please correct me if I am wrong.
--Frigaut 09:54, 30 December 2009 (EST)
- added updated info on sound
--Zenlord 08:44, 11 January 2010 (CET)
OLD Arch Wiki MacBook Pro7,1
Macbook 7,1
I've just installed Arch on my macbook 7,1 and run into several problems that have or will still require a good bit of hunting around the wiki, forums, and google. There seem to be a few key changes in the hardware of the newest model (mid 2010) that require some finagling on the part of the end user, and I think it would be helpful if this article reflected those in a new section, eg 'Macbok 7,1 (mid 2010).' I'll draft the process I've used so far to get where I am, and include notices about the problems I've run into, updating with solutions when I find them.
I think it will be better to have a new section for the new model for the time being as the information in the article applies to several older models, and if we distinguish by Macbook model, it will be easier for users to find relevant information.
I'd appreciate some help with the formatting and compliance with the wiki's style, etc. as well as (obviously) any input from people in the same boat.
I've got some work piling up at the moment, so I'll just provide a brief outline of what I'm thinking of here, and then sometime next week I'll come back and be ready to start actually incorporating it. If anyone wants to go ahead, by all means, do so, and I'll catch up next week.
Preparation: Assuming you have a GUID partition table (GPT), simply resize your current OS X partition in Disk Utility.app, which will leave some free space on the drive (however much you want to allot to Arch). You create and format the arch partitions you want later in the installer. Install rEFIt.
Installation media: My problems with this were discussed in this thread.
I was able to install finally by using Archboot on a live cd.
Installation: following the regular instructions in the installation and beginner's guides and the info already on this page works fairly well here.
Booting Arch from disk: Must boot from the fallback kernel (shows up in the boot menu). Also add options reboot=pci and vga=773 to the kernel line. This will let you reboot from the command line. In order to make these changes permanent you have to add these lines to /boot/grub/menu.lst kernel lines. See example:
# (0) Arch Linux title Arch Linux root (hd0,2) kernel /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/disk/by-uuid/YOURUUID rootflags=rw rootfstype=ext4 ro reboot=pci vga 773 initrd /kernel26.img # (1) Arch Linux title Arch Linux Fallback root (hd0,2) kernel /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/disk/by-uuid/YOURUUID rootflags=rw rootfstype=ext4 ro reboot=pci vga 773 initrd /kernel26-fallback.img
At this point you should have a working base installation of Arch and can proceed to install packages, etc. (I've found lynx and mutt to be quite helpful in troubleshooting without having to reboot). -- In my macbook 7,1 I had the problem of scsci and sata modules(hooks?) not being probed. I don't know why it was that but that fixed my problem and now can boot in my normal kernel. What I did was basically add these to the hooks and rebuild the boot image. I received help from a more experienced arch user, I will ask him so I can tell you the exact procedure that it made work my macbook7,1 with arch without defaulting to the fallback. -- Here's where I could use a lot of assistance from more experienced users, especially those who have gotten Arch working well on this model macbook. I haven't been able to get sound working or my drivers correctly installed (so xorg doesn't work either). I'm going to make threads in the forum for these issues and will try to make sure any info I get makes its way here. I'm going to try Nouveau soon and will report back if I can get it working.
Other things I've noticed
I edited the MacBook#Installation_of_Mac_OS_X_and_Firmware_Update to include the color profile if someone isn't going to have OSX installed. I ran into this problem while following the wiki exactly -- had to reinstall OSX to get my color profile.
I am currently using the Nouveau driver on my 5,5 MPB -- I'm not sure how to reflect that in the wiki (or if other models can use the same driver) --Telkkar 12:52, 6 January 2011 (EST)
Has anyone else been able to burn DVD's on a Macbook with Arch Linux? Do we need a special driver? (Seems it's a MATSHITA DVD-R UJ-857E.) I just get power calibration errors from growisofs, while wodim tells me it cannot open new session.
Question about primary partitions
It's said in the article that only 4 primary partitions are authorized, including the efi's one. But isn't that only true for MBR partition tables? The macbook pro uses GPT partition tables and thus can have as many primary partition as it supports partitions no?


text:
Steven & Kevin Clarke
Format: PAL
Duration: 120 minutes
First Pasture Price: £16.49
Status: In Stock
Part three of The American Dream - Full Circle features once again Norfolk farmers Steven and Kevin Clarke as they return to Oklahoma to help wheat farmer Delbert Joyner gather in his harvest. Using their own Massey Ferguson 760 combine, named Dale after Dale Starks, the boys from England are joined by three other men, two Englishmen and one American, who have done all this before. Rob, Charlie and Terry used to work for Dale Starks driving Massey combines. The Clarkes put the trio back behind the wheel and once again they are harvesting wheat on the American plains.
With modern harvesting scenes, custom harvesters and classic MF machines, breakdowns and repairs and an amazing nostalgic trip back to the 1970s and early 1980s, this programme is a unique and fascinating look at harvesting in America.


text:
Dell Settles with Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs
Atlanta, GA - Joe Doyle, Administrator of the Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs (OCA), today announced that the agency has entered into a settlement with Texas-based Dell, Inc. and its subsidiary, Dell Financial Services, LLC (DFS). Dell has agreed to modify its business practices with respect to certain rebates, service warranties, and advertisements associated with financing promotions. Dell will also pay $25,000 to the State of Georgia to distribute in the form of restitution to consumers who suffered out-of-pocket monetary losses directly attributable to those business practices.
Consumers who have already lodged complaints with OCA relating to these practices that have not yet been resolved by Dell will be sent a claim form, which they must fill out in order to be eligible for restitution. Consumers who have not filed a complaint but believe they may be entitled to compensation under the settlement can fill out a claim form and submit it to OCA, along with supporting documentation. All forms must be post-marked no later than midnight on July 14, 2009, in order to be considered for restitution.
In order to be eligible for restitution, the claim must meet the following requirements:
- the claim must arise from a transaction with Dell or DFS that occurred between April 1, 2005 and July 1, 2009;
- the claimant must be a consumer, not a business;
- the claim must concern
(i) a DFS Conditional Financing Promotion,
(ii) a rebate that the consumer applied for but did not receive,
(iii) warranty service that Dell did not perform as promised or as required by Georgia's implied warranty laws, or
(iv) extended warranty or next-business-day service that was not provided as promised; and
- the consumer must have suffered a verifiable out-of-pocket (monetary) loss.
Filing a Claim
Download a claim form here, or you may request a form by calling 404-651-8600 or 800-869-1123 (in Georgia, outside the Atlanta Metro area).
Completed claims, along with supporting documentation, should be sent via U.S. Certified Mail to:
Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs
Attn: Dell Claims
2 Martin Luther King Jr., Dr. SE
Suite 356
Atlanta, GA 30334
Claims must be postmarked by July 14, 2009. Claims that are postmarked after the deadline will not be considered. After filing, your claim will be reviewed. If you are not eligible, you will be notified accordingly. If you are eligible, you will be mailed a check once all claims have been received and evaluated. Refund checks will be mailed out to eligible consumers starting on September 14, 2009. The refund amount of each consumer claim will be determined by the Governor's Office of Consumer Affairs, but shall not exceed $500 per eligible claim. If the claims received total more than the amount of the restitution funds, a proportionate amount will be distributed to all eligible claimants.


text: Share: Comments Print April 12, 2014 at 9:27 AM Women's fly fishing class offered next month Posted by Mark Yuasa A Women's Fly Fishing School that benefits the Washington State Casting for Recovery Program will be held May 16-18 in Cle Elum. This event provides women a chance to fly-fish or learn the sport, getting instruction from top women fly fishers in Washington and Oregon, build on fly-fishing skills to take it the next level, and learn new techniques plus review and solidify the basics. Participants will also improve their fly-fishing and fly‐casting skills, improve casting distance, accuracy, and presentation, learn advanced and faster knots, line management, reading the water skills and get stream-side entomology for trout. Women's Fly Fishing School Instructors are Judy Graham, a FFF Certified Casting Instructor; Mary Ann Dozer, a fly-fishing guide in Oregon and Idaho, and a Master Level FFF Certified Caster; and Lisa Wassgren Elser, a volunteer for Casting for Recovery for the last nine years. The event is $375, and includes golf course fairways for casting, and a privately stocked pond and the Yakima River. Group meals and shared lodging are provided in private cabins on site. This is a major fundraising event for Washington State's Casting for Recovery program retreat for breast cancer survivors in Washington at no cost to the participants. To learn more, go to www.CastingForRecovery.org. Send checks to "Casting for Recovery – WA" attention: Judy Graham, CFR-Washington, Casting for Recovery, 4236 Sunset Beach Dr. NW, Olympia, WA 98502. Include your name, address and phone number. Registration deadline is May 8 and limited to 20 women. For questions contact Judy Graham at firstname.lastname@example.com or 360-259-1853 Comments


text:
the Marvel trivia Bar CRawl
- Saturday -
August 17th, 2019 4PM-12AM
World's Best TriviA
🍺📋✏ The Official Marvel MCU Trivia Bar Crawl ✏📋🍺
I Am Groot!
Are You Ready To Join The Avengers In Their Fight Against baddies like thanos, hela, ronin, and Dormammu? 👾💥🔫🚀🛸🥊📝 Crawl With Us Is Throwing The Biggest Marvel Trivia Party Ever! Get Your Tickets Now So Your Team Has Their Marvel Character Badges Ready, or else... Hulk Smash!
💥 Join The BIGGEST Marvel Party Ever!
📝 Trivia At 4 Bars With 25 Unique Trivia Questions Totaling 100 Questions!
✏ Play With Teams Of 1-8 Friends!
🏆 Grand Prize Awarded To The WINNING Team!
🥈🥉 Prizes for 2nd & 3rd Place Teams!
👍 NO Cover At All Partner Venues
📸 Professional Photographer Patrolling The Crawl!
💰 Costume Contest 👾🤖🔫 For Best "Liked" Marvel Crew!
🎟 Raffles For FREE Tickets To Future Events!
🔥 Totally Awesome After Party!
Dress In Your Best Superhero Gear And Look For Our Photographer At The Event So They Can Snap A Photo Of You! 📸 These Photos Will Be Posted The Week After The Crawl And The Picture With The Most "Likes" At The End Of The Week Will Win 🎟 FREE Tickets 🎟 To Our Next Crawl! **MUST Be Tagged In The Photo To Win, Maximum 8 People**
Check In
To start the crawl you will first need to pick up your team supplies at the Check-In location. We only want 1 person in line to check in the entire team so make sure the 1st person that arrives checks your team in! Don't be late!
Inside the Marvel Trivia Supply Bag will be your:
Marvel Character Badges
Black Lanyards
Rough & Final Draft Trivia Form
1 Pen & 1 Marker
It is required that you write your team name, city of event, captain name, captain email, and captain phone number on all trivia forms so that we can contact you if you are the trivia winner.
You'll get one of these character badges at random:
Thanos 👾
Spiderman 🕸
Hulk 😡
Ironman 🤖
Thor 🔨
Captain America 🛡
Doctor Strange 🧙
Black Widow 🕷
Captain Marvel 🌟
Ant Man 🐜
Black Panther 🐾
Wanda Maximoff 🧙♀
Vision 👁
Groot 🌱
Rocket 🦝
Starlord 🎧
1027 Geyer Ave, St. Louis, MO 63104
*** 1 Captain Marvel Shot With Red Voucher ***
🎟 Write your phone number on the Yellow Raffle Voucher and drop it in the bucket!
BAR CRAWL & Trivia
The trivia questions will be based on the 23 MCU movies from Iron Man to Spiderman: Far From Home. Study up!
There will be a total of 100 trivia questions. Trivia will be broken up into at least 4 venues that will each have 25 different questions. Bar 1 will be 1-25, Bar 2 will be 26-50, Bar 3 will be 51-75, and Bar 4 will be 76-100. It is possible that more than one venue will have the same set of questions, this is to alleviate crowding in one venue. Trivia can be played in ANY ORDER!
Most venues will have the trivia questions looping on some of their TVs. Each question will play for a minute and the slide will move to the next question. When you arrive at the venue, jump in on the current question. There's no need to wait to start at the beginning of any set. Waiting will create mass entrances and exits, thus decreasing your experience. If there are any tech issues at the venues we will text out a link and password to the questions online, allowing you to go through the questions on your phone. If a venues does not have TVs or a projector they may have the questions printed, and you will need to ask a host for those questions. Make sure when registering your team that you provide the correct contact (cell phone and email) information for everyone.
📝💼 Remember! Trivia can be played in any order! 📝💼
Specials Coming Soon!
$1 Off 3 Olive Bombs | $12 Bud Family Buckets | 1/2 Off Pretzels & Boneless Wings & Chips W/ Cheese
$4 Cruzan Rum Cocktails | $4 Cruzan Rum Punch
$2 Incredible Hulk Jell-O Shot | $3 Captain America Shot | $4 Iron Man Cocktail | $6 Thor (Beer & Bourbon)
Bar 101 St. Louis Soulard
$2 Coors Banquet | $2 Natural Light | $3 Goose Island IPA/Wheat Ale | $4 Divided Sky | $4 Forest Park Pilsner | $5 Pinnacle Berry & Strawberry Bombs
Trivia Scoring
Final Draft trivia forms will be graded and scored by the Crawl With Us Event Manager at the After Party starting at 10PM and must be turned in no later than 10:30PM. After the forms are graded, at 11PM, the team with the highest trivia score will receive the grand prize, in addition to the awards for 2nd and 3rd. A member of your team must be present to receive the trophy. Tie-breakers will be determined by whichever team handed in their Final Draft Trivia form first. Most of the time, we will announce the winner at the after party. However in some cases this is not possible and we will always announce it on Facebook, send a text, and then mail you your prizes.
Please note, this is a fun event that people enjoy testing their knowledge on and it is a friendly competition. If you are caught cheating your final draft form will be taken from your team and you will be disqualified from winning ANY prizes, this includes any raffles or contests. We do our very best to catch any and all cheating teams, but we cannot do it without help from you! If you see anyone cheating, please find the event manager RIGHT AWAY. Be ready to provide: team name, member name, location of the team, and some type of video/photo proof of them cheating. If you cannot find the event manager, please email firstname.lastname@example.com with the same info!
All of our after parties will have either an exciting DJ or a rocking band. Remember, when our after party starts, most of our deals and specials end at the other bars on the crawl. So don't be late and get to the after party! Don't forget your Marvel Character Badge, and be sure to plan a safe and sober way home.
*** 1 Shot With Green Ticket ***
Before you can buy tickets you must create a team. Crawl trivia teams are 1-8 people. When making a team you will have to make a team name and team password. Give this information to your teammates so they can buy a ticket under your team name. Please keep track of your team name and password. Creating a team does not guarantee a spot in the crawl - you must each buy a ticket before the event sells out!
We cut off team registration one day before the crawl. Tickets may be purchased day of at the Check In if it is not already sold out. These ticket holders will be able to play trivia with any team or create their own team.
One person from your team will check your entire team in during Check In, and that person must have valid ID and be listed under your team. If for some reason one of your teammates changes that's okay, however that person will not be able to check in the team. Remember, ALL BAR CRAWL PARTICIPANTS MUST BE 21+.
Ticket pricing can change at any time. Events can sell out at any time. Below is typical pricing. If a ticket tier sells out, pricing will either increase, or the event will be sold out.
Regular Purchase (1-3)
$20/person = General Presale
$25/person = Week Of Event
$30/person = Day Of Event (At Check In)
Group Purchase (Min 4)
$15/person = General Presale
NOT AVAILABLE = Week Of Event
NOT AVAILABLE = Day Of Event
Contact ALEX
Hey :) I am in charge of this crawl. Everyone at Crawl With US has spent time updating information on this site. Feel free to ask any questions that weren't answered above! It's customary that if you ask me a question that's listed above you buy me a round at the crawl.


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I believe it was Marlon Brando who once said, "Acting is like a 3-gallon vat of ice cream. Sure, you can devour the whole thing in one sitting, but you'll still want more. Who's hungry?"
Call him a diva, call him what you will, it's clear that Favre's sweet tooth for acting ice cream might never be satisfied. But what is the genesis for such a lifelong obsession of playing the world for his personal stage? Not so much a "what" as a "whom." That's right, it was the Minister of Defense himself, Reginald Howard White.
Back in 1997, with the help of a few friends and higher calling, Reggie White created a little moving picture called "Reggie's Prayer." With an inspirational plotline and star-studded cameos from the likes of the good M.C. Hammer and the great Pat Morita, this movie seemed destined for Transformers-like box office success. However, audiences didn't flock to the cineplexes for whatever reasons despite critical success on Amazon.com like this review from "Artist & Author" near Mt. Baker, WA.
"The movie maintains its excitement to the climax when Reggie fights the bad guys and then tracks down a kidnapped team member into the Oregon wilderness to try to rescue the boy."
(Sidebar: Replace "Reggie" and "boy" with "Arnold" and "daughter" and you have the plot for Commando!)
In this clip, Holmgren, playing the director of custodial arts, is explaining to coach Reggie a play he and his "son" came up with in 1979 called "The Left Coast Special." Reggie surveys the play and aptly responds, "Looks like the quarterback option." Both lines are delivered very straightforward and pretty naturally to be honest – I felt like I was watching a documentary at times. However, the next line at the 54 second mark, is arguably the greatest line of all time.
The script calls for Brett, or Burt the idiot custodial sidekick here, to say, "A play can have two names you know." Now, there are numerous routes an actor might take. A student of the Stanislavski system would have labored over this line for weeks, relentlessly inquiring and pursuing the creative development of the scene in artistic self-reflection. Another performer might travel down Strasberg's method approach, diving to the greatest depths of his character's essence, resulting in a psychological embrace where there was no longer any semblance of Brett, only Burt the janitor.
I'm not sure what path Brett took, but he delivers this line with such brilliance, they could've made a 10-part Ken Burns fictional documentary about Burt the janitor entitled Awesome and it still wouldn't have captured the greatness. I'm sorry, the written word is a poor excuse for the excellence of that line. Much like the Matrix, it must be seen. Again, the 54 second mark. Watch it and then watch it again.
You can only imagine the accolades he received after this film was released. Best Supporting Actor in a Faith-based Film. Best Newcomer in a Professional Athlete's Pet Project (Category: Film). You can only imagine the realization of his special hidden talent – that of acting – dawning on Favre and the hunger for more. Look at us now, over 10 years later, still reflecting on a great debut performance. So while we may not agree with everything he does off the field, at least now we can understand it.
Somewhere, Brando is tipping his spoon to Brett.
Thursday, July 9, 2009
Greatness Probably Tastes Like Butter Pecan
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The rider-inspired design takes you further down the trail with 11" of obstacle-dominating ground clearance. The industry's fastest-engaging all-wheel drive (AWD) pulls you around corners and over rocks without stopping. More efficient underbody airflow makes the ride cooler and quieter, so you want to ride longer.
With Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) and Dual Overhead Cams with 4 valves per cylinder, the 570 starts flawlessly and runs smoothly.
Still the best automatic 4x4 system out there, the AWD engages all four tyres when the rear wheels slip and you need more forward traction. Reverts back to 2WD when you don't.
Redesigned rear rack features durable steel construction and Lock & Ride® technology to make it easy to carry and secure gear.
40% more watts for more charging power and the capability to operate more hardest working Polaris accessories.
13% more fuel capacity than its predecessor the Sportsman 500 H.O.
The most integrated storage of any ATV. The 6.5 gallon capacity lets you stow-away loads of gear and still have access to it, even with items tied to the deck.
Class-leading width at the thigh and feet provides all-day riding comfort and makes it easier to mount and dismount the ATV.
A full 11" of obstacle-clearing ground clearance lets you tackle some of the tougher terrain that comes your way.
The Sportsman was the world's first ATV with IRS, a feature that made it as popular as it is today. Its rock-solid design has 9.5" of travel to minimize body roll and keep the ride smooth.
Tractor -


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At times, sources disagree as to the origin of a surname. This is one of those names. Regardless of the aforementioned origins noted above, Harrison and Lower, two reputable authors on the study of surnames note the name could have been derived from a nickname, as in the "polecat" from the Middle English word "fitchett" meaning "polecat." [3]CITATION[CLOSE]
Harrison, Henry, Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary Baltimore: Geneological Publishing Company, 2013. Print [4]CITATION[CLOSE]
Lowe, Mark Anthony, Patronymica Britannica, A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom. London: John Russel Smith, 1860. Print. Conversely Reaney, another noted author notes "the common derivation of Fitch and Fitchett from the polecat is untenable." [5]CITATION[CLOSE]
Reaney, P.H and R.M. Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. London: Routledge, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-415-05737-X) In this case, we agree with the latter author who postulates the name was derived from Fiche, "iron point."
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How To Play Podcasts through Internet Explorer
A podcast is an audio news article, interview, or similar item. You can play a podcast through Internet Explorer and control its playback, pausing or jumping back and forth through the podcast, and controlling the volume. You might find a podcast anywhere on a web page, but typically you find them on news sites.
1Click the little arrow on the right of any podcast.
The podcast begins playing.
In some cases, a podcast opens a new window with an animated display that plays during the podcast, though that doesn't happen at The New York Times site shown here.
2Pause or skip through the podcast playback.
As the podcast begins playing, the diamond-shaped object on the progress bar moves slowly to the right, indicating where you are within the podcast. To skip ahead or to return to a previous part of the podcast, drag the diamond shape left (to move back) or right (to jump forward).
Click the Pause button (it has two little vertical bars on it) to stop audio playback. Click this button again (it changes to that right arrow button) to begin playing the podcast.
3Adjust the playback volume.
Drag the wedge-shaped volume control to the right (to increase volume) or left (to decrease it).


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Harare, Zimbabwe and Nigeri Village, Kenya -- Sipewe Mhakeni used herbs from the Mugugudhu tree. After grinding the stem and leaf, she would mix just a pinch of the sand-colored powder with water, wrap it in a bit of nylon stocking, and insert it into her vagina for 10 to 15 minutes. The herbs swell the soft tissues of the vagina, make it hot, and dry it out. That made sex "very painful," says Mhakeni. But, she adds, "Our African husbands enjoy sex with a dry vagina."
Many women concur that dry sex, as this practice is called, hurts. Yet it is common throughout southern Africa, where the AIDS epidemic is worse than anywhere in the world. Researchers conducting a study in Zimbabwe, where Mhakeni lives, had trouble finding a control group of women who did not engage in some form of the practice. Some women dry out their vaginas with mutendo wegudo -- soil with baboon urine -- that they obtain from traditional healers, while others use detergents, salt, cotton, or shredded newspaper. Research shows that dry sex causes vaginal lacerations and suppresses the vagina's natural bacteria, both of which increase the likelihood of HIV infection. And some AIDS workers believe the extra friction makes condoms tear more easily.
Dry sex is not the only way African women subordinate their sexual safety to men's pleasure. In a few cultures, a woman's vagina is kept tight by sewing it almost shut. But in most African societies, the methods are subtler: Girls are socialized to yield sexual decision-making to men. Prisca Mhlolo is in charge of counseling at The Centre, a large organization for HIV-positive Zimbabweans. "You're not even allowed to say, 'Can we have sex?' " she notes. "So it's very hard to bring up condoms."
Mhlolo speaks from both professional and personal experience. She is HIV-positive, infected by her late husband. As AIDS eroded his immune system, he suffered from herpes, which broke into open sores on his penis. Mhlolo suggested condoms, "but he said, 'Now that I'm sick you have gotten yourself a boyfriend.' It was very hard."
Many people balk at discussing the sexual practices of particular cultures because the issue is too sensitive -- and, in Africa, too racially charged. Whites have caricatured African sexuality for centuries, casting black men as sexual beasts, and some whites still whisper that this is why HIV is running rampant among Africans. But such stereotypes miss the point, which is not the libido itself but the culture in which it finds expression. HIV spread through the American gay community because having anal sex with many partners was common, and the virus infiltrated the Thai army because soldiers routinely patronized prostitutes. In Bombay, where AIDS has exploded, slum lords demand payment in sex. I.V. drug use aside, male sexual privilege is what drives the epidemic.
Studies from many different cultures show that men average more partners than women do and have more sex outside marriage. Because a man ejaculates into a woman, men are more likely to transmit the virus, whereas women are more likely to contract HIV without passing it on. So far, males have outnumbered females in HIV cases, partly because having more partners means more chances to encounter the virus. But new figures show that in sub-Saharan Africa, 55 percent of all infected adults are women.
Of course, Africa contains thousands of cultures, some of which have strict sexual codes. But common to many sub-Saharan societies are the gender roles epitomized by dry sex: Women are unable to negotiate sex, and so must risk infection to please the man. In fact, there are very few female checks and balances on male behavior. This stark inequality "is part of our culture," Mhlolo says, "and our culture is part of why HIV is spreading."
Africa today is far removed from its traditional, tightly knit communities that did constrain men, mostly to their wives. Africa is also very different from the West, where women exercise a relatively large degree of power. Many parts of contemporary Africa are suspended in a limbo that combines the worst of both worlds, and HIV has exploited this. For example, men retain the mindset of polygamy, but now have many partners through commercial sex or "sugar daddy" relationships that lack the social cohesion of traditional marriages.
But AIDS is forcing African culture to change -- and because the virus in Africa is spread mainly through heterosexual sex, the epidemic's largest social transformation may well be in the relations between women and men. Women could emerge from the epidemic with more power, and there is a strong push to make that happen. But there is also a backlash, a call to reimpose restrictions on women in the name of strengthening traditional African cultures and curtailing AIDS.
The battles are being fought not only over sexual practices, but also over larger economic and social forces that subordinate women and facilitate the spread of HIV. The World Bank reports that illiteracy rates among women south of the Sahara are almost 50 percent higher than among men. Many African girls cannot attend school because they are assigned time-consuming chores such as fetching water and firewood. Indeed, African women work longer than men -- and harder. Studies from Ghana and Tanzania show that rural women transport four times as much as men, often carrying the loads on their head, and other studies show that women do up to 90 percent of hoeing and weeding. Yet they make far less money than men and rarely own property. In Cameroon, for example, fewer than 10 percent of all land certificates belong to women.
African women also lack authority. Just this year, Zimbabwe's Supreme Court ruled that women have no more status or rights in the family than a "junior male" -- usually an adolescent. If a wife wants to take a trip, explains Thoko Matshe, director of the Women's Resource Center in the capital Harare, "she has to sit her husband down, get the guy in a good mood, and ask him if she can go. If you cannot negotiate that, you cannot negotiate sex."
In most sub-Saharan traditional cultures, men pay for their wives, which gives them license to dominate the relationship. The very concept of marital rape doesn't exist in most of Africa, and even the aunties -- traditional marriage counselors for many young African wives -- tell women that they cannot refuse sex with their husbands. Thoko Ngwenya of Zimbabwe's Musasa Project, which fights domestic violence, explains the mindset: "Once a man has paid lobola" -- the word for dowry in several southern African languages -- "they are not forcing their wife to have sex. It's just their right."
The sexual subservience of women is inculcated long before adulthood. For example, traditional Shona girls are taught to pull the lips of their labia to lengthen them so that men can play with them during foreplay, yet women are not supposed to touch their husband's penis. Indeed, in some cultures, female circumcision removes the most sexually sensitive part of a woman's body -- her clitoris. "For women," says Caroline Maposhere of Zimbabwe's Women and AIDS Support Network, "there is no sexuality, only fertility."
Ironically, the prohibition against wives participating fully and actively in sex can itself promote the spread of the virus. Eliot Ma-gunje runs counseling groups for men at The Centre. He hears men complain that their wives' passivity "destroys the enjoyment of sex -- she's just lying there like a log. 'Why are we going out?' men ask. 'Because a prostitute is 100 percent what I want. My wife is just for cooking and washing.' "
Of course, real-life relations between men and women are more complex. Jane, a Zimbabwean woman who asked that her last name not be used, says, "If your husband demands sex you are not allowed to deny him, but in practice you communicate and understand each other." The trouble is that such communication takes place on a field steeply tilted in favor of the man. Jane, for example, knew that her husband had a girlfriend on the side, and she took the step of asking him to use a condom. "My husband answered, 'I cannot use a condom with my wife,' " Jane recalls. "So I think that's why I got infected." She's not alone. A study from Zimbabwe found that more than half of women with STDs contracted their illnesses from their husbands. Marriage, say many AIDS workers, is a risk factor.
Anecdotal reports indicate that dry sex is waning among educated, urban young people. But there are also loud calls to reject Western gender roles, which are said to emasculate men. Even in the cities, says Matshe, "it's 50-50." Of course, most Africans still live in rural areas or small towns. And changing sexual practices is never easy, in part because they touch fundamental issues of personal identity and sexual roles.
It's not surprising that men like dry sex -- the swollen tissues make the vagina smaller and, therefore, make the man feel bigger. Also, some men (and women) find vaginal secretions repugnant, while others don't like the sound of wet sex. And to many men, a vagina that is too wet and loose can signify infidelity.
But some women also prefer dry sex. Mhakeni stopped only because she is HIV-positive and wants to protect herself against getting any sexually transmitted diseases that might weaken her immune system. Despite the pain of dry sex, she favors it. "It's our culture," she explains. Then she adds a reason researchers and AIDS workers say they hear over and over again: "If I don't use herbs, our men will go with someone else." Indeed, Mhakeni sells the herbs, and even when she warns women of the risks, they still buy. "They say, 'It is okay if HIV is brought in by my husband, because at least I will still be married.' "
Fanuel Adala Otuko looks every inch the leader of Kenya's Luo people: old, ramrod straight, missing six lower teeth pulled at age 12 as a rite of passage. "It is painful," he says, "but you cannot cry."
The Luos no longer pull their children's teeth, but Otuko and other elders want to revive some of the Luo's other traditions, especially those they believe might slow the spread of HIV, which has devastated them. In Kenya, Luo land is one of the hardest-hit areas in the country, with the rate of infection among adults in Kisumu, the city where Otuko lives, topping 20 percent.
All over Africa, AIDS workers are beginning to target male behavior. Around Kisumu, they are especially concerned about the fish merchants on the shores of Lake Victoria, who lure young girls with money. But Otuko and other Luo elders focus on women.
For example, the elders want to revive the ideal of female virginity. Traditionally, on the afternoon of a wedding, a dozen or more married women went to the newlyweds' home to check for blood, believed to be a sign of a woman's virginity. They also checked the man -- not for virginity, but for sexual prowess. They "witness that she has a normal man," explains Otuko, "a man who can have sexual relations with her."
The elders also want to take more aggressive steps. Against the recommendations of most public-health workers, they want to identify HIV-positive women and impose restrictions on them. "They should be controlled, quarantined in their areas," Otuko says. (Only when asked does he say that this restriction could also apply to men.) "AIDS is serious," he says. "There is no cure. So people should avoid contact with infected women, sexual contact especially." There's the rub, because one venerated Luo tradition usually involves sex with a widow -- and AIDS has caused a proliferation of widows.
Like many cultures in East and southern Africa, the Luo practice what is variously translated as home guardianship or, more commonly, widow inheritance. When a husband dies, one of his brothers or cousins marries the widow. This tradition guaranteed that the children would remain in the late husband's clan -- after all, they had paid a dowry for the woman -- and it also ensured that the widow and her children were provided for. When the guardian takes the widow, sexual intercourse is believed to "cleanse" her of the devils of death. A woman who refuses to take a guardian brings down chira -- ill fortune -- on the entire clan. Of course, if her husband died of AIDS, she might very well pass on the virus to her guardian. Millicent Obaso, a Luo public-health worker with the Red Cross, says: "We have homes where all the males have died because of this widow inheritance."
Danger to the inheritors is only one reason AIDS is putting this tradition under strain. Guardians are supposed to provide assistance, but even the elders concede that inheritors often take a widow only for sexual pleasure or to seize her property. According to tradition, a guardian must already have a wife of his own, so no matter how well-intentioned he may be, poverty often makes it impossible to support a second family.
Anna Adhiambo is standing where she and her husband used to live: in Ngeri village, on a fertile hillside that slopes down into the blue expanse of Lake Victoria. It's the first time she has been back since her late husband's family forced her off the property two years ago. Her husband died of AIDS in 1996, and she was inherited by his cousin. She expected him to help her feed her three children and pay their school fees (education in Kenya, as in most African countries, is not free). But he was a fisherman who had a family of his own, and "whenever he came from the lake," Anna recalls, "he said he didn't have enough. That was the song." They quarreled frequently, and five months after she was inherited, Anna decided to separate.
The consequences were swift and harsh. A group of men from the clan told her she and her children would have to leave the next day. She remembers that they called her an ochot, a whore who "goes from one man to another." When she asked them to "please leave me alone in my house," she recalls one of her brothers-in-law retorting, "This is our home. You shouldn't answer me rudely like that, and if you do so again, I will beat you."
Consolata Atieno is Anna's mother-in-law. She has been smoothing the earthen walls of a new hut, and on her hands the thick mud dries and cracks as she talks. Anna "violated tradition, broke a taboo," she says, so "we had to chase her and her children away. We felt the furniture and things in the house were my son's, so we took them. Anna did not buy them. And the land we took: Some we gave to my other sons, some we sold. In our tradition, a woman is the property of her husband's family. He bought her with the dowry."
Unable to farm, Anna now makes less than $10 a month doing odd jobs in a nearby town. The Akado Women's Group, a local agency, is assisting her, but so far only one of her three children is in school. How does Atieno feel about her grandchildren suffering? "When Anna was making this decision, she must have known the consequences." But if Anna cannot provide for them, her children will be at greater risk for continuing the cycle of infection. A study in Zambia, for example, found that a lack of education quadrupled the chances that a woman would contract HIV.
Otuko and the elders believe home guardianship could strengthen families like Anna's. What the elders want is to strip this tradition of its sexual component, transforming it into what they call "symbolic inheritance." They point out that nonsexual cleansing was practiced with aged widows who were past menopause. And in parts of Zambia and Zimbabwe, such symbolic rites have gained ground.
University of Nairobi philosophy professor Oriare Nyarwath believes nonsexual inheritance could bring "a dignified death to the practice, without making people feel culturally destitute." But, he notes, even symbolic guardianship implies that women are subservient to and dependent upon men. "The culture is patrilineal and patriarchal," he says. "The woman goes to live in the man's home, the woman fits within the man's culture. So necessarily she's not on the same footing as the man."
The most pernicious inequality is poverty, by no means a uniquely African phenomenon. Of the world's 1.3 billion living in abject poverty, 70 percent are women -- and most of them face the same basic problems as African women. "In pre-industrial societies women are trapped in their reproductive roles," says Geeta Rao Gupta, president of the International Center for Research on Women. In ICRW's numerous studies on HIV, women from Latin America, Asia, and Africa report that they dare not insist on safer sex -- or object to painful sex -- for fear of being abandoned by their men and spiraling down into destitution. No wonder that in a 19-country study, ICRW found that the lower women's status, the higher HIV.
There are few places where poverty is worse than in Nairobi's slums, vast warrens of tin shanties, open sewers, and garbage-strewn dirt roads. In Korogocho, one of the poorest and meanest sections, a maze of narrow passageways leads into a one-room shack where the aroma of vegetable stew simmering on an open fire competes with the stench of raw sewage wafting in from outside. This is the home of Mary, who asked that her last name not be used. Two babies -- Mary's seventh child and her first grandchild -- lie on the bed.
Just a week ago, one of Mary's johns -- who pay as little as 75 cents for sex -- slapped her in the face when she asked him to use a condom. "I can't eat a sweet in its wrapper," he said. Flashing back eight years to the man who beat her so viciously that she couldn't work for two days, she let her latest violent customer go ahead. He may pay for his pleasure with AIDS, because Mary is HIV-positive.
Mary wasn't born in the slums, but in a rural area 100 kilometers outside of Nairobi. There, rich red earth nourishes broad green leaves of the plantain tree, the billowing shrubbery of coffee plants, and the yellow-tufted stalks of maize. Mary's mother Beth sits in a hut, the door propped open with a machete, and explains why her daughter left. Her account corresponds exactly to the one given independently by her daughter. The tale they tell is an allegory of how women's powerlessness fuels the AIDS epidemic.
Mary's husband "was a drunkard," Beth says. He beat Mary virtually every week, burned her clothes, and denied her food. Once, when he was drubbing Mary, one of their children got in the way. The husband literally threw the seven-year-old girl aside. She landed on a rock, injured her lung, and was hospitalized for two weeks. Mary fled to her parents.
At first Mary's father, who died just this year, welcomed her home. But after a few days he realized that Mary and her children were extra mouths to feed. Mary recalls, "My father told me 'I have my own kids, so you're a burden to me. Pack up and go.' "
There are thousands of women like Mary in Nairobi, not to mention all of Africa, and to help curb the spread of HIV they need much more than AIDS awareness. "The women I work with say they'd rather die of AIDS tomorrow than die of hunger today," says Ann Waweru, director of the Voluntary Women's Rehabilitation Centre, an organization that helps sex workers, including Mary, find alternative work. It's not easy. "Most have no skills and no place to get a loan to start a business. A man is almost never burdened with children, so he can do casual work, earn 20 shillings, and survive on that. But most of the women we work with have children. They are driven to commercial sex by poverty."
According to the custom of the Kikuyu people, Mary's brothers were each given a plot of land to farm. But as a female child Mary was given nothing. At first, she tried to stay in the village, supporting herself and her children by doing odd jobs such as drawing water from the well and helping people till their fields. But her father wasn't satisfied and he would beat Mary and her mother. After six months Mary fled for Nairobi with her children and virtually nothing else.
In the city, she spent her first night at the home of a friend, who told her, "I'm going to show you how to get money." Mary turned her first john that night, and, she recalls, "I was happy because I got money to feed my children."
Research intern: Christine Brownlee
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This article was originally published in the Village Voice.
More articles by Mark Schoofs.


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Idaho Public Utilities Commission
Case No. GNR-E-11-01, Order No. 32262
June 8, 2011
Contact: Gene Fadness (208) 334-0339, 890-2712
Website: www.puc.idaho.gov
Eligibility cap for wind, solar projects stays at 100 kW
17 proposed wind projects must now negotiate with utilities for rates
The Idaho Public Utilities Commission has determined to leave the eligibility cap under which wind and solar projects can qualify for commission published rates at 100 kilowatts, instead of the 10-megawatt cap in place up until Dec. 14, 2010. Wind developers have preferred to be paid the commission's published rate by the utilities that buy output from them because the rate is typically more attractive than a rate they would have to otherwise negotiate with utilities.
As a result of the commission's decision, developers of 12 Idaho Power Company wind projects and five Rocky Mountain Power projects whose contracts were executed after the Dec. 14 deadline will not be eligible for published rates. However, the wind projects could still be developed under a rate negotiated between the project developers and the utilities. (The projects are detailed below.) Ten Idaho Power wind projects that were submitted just before the deadline have already been approved by the commission.
The commission said that continuing to allow wind projects larger than 100 kW to be paid the published rate does not benefit ratepayers. "If we allow the current trend to continue, customers may be forced to pay for resources at an inflated rate and, potentially, before the energy is actually needed by the utility to serve its customers," the commission said. "This is clearly not in the public interest."
Idaho's three major regulated electric utilities petitioned the commission last November to reduce the 10 average MW eligibility cap because of the rapid development of large-scale wind projects that were "disaggregating" – breaking themselves down into smaller 10 MW projects – in order to qualify for the published rate. The utilities claimed that the rapid increase in the number of wind applications was forcing them to buy power they did not need at rates that are not reasonable for customers.
When combined, these projects can total up to 100 or 150 MW interconnecting at one delivery point, the utilities claim. For example, Idaho Power claimed it had about 470 MW of wind power online at the end of 2010. The utility claimed that with commission approval of a number of proposed wind contracts, Idaho Power would have 1,100 MW of wind generation on its system in the near term, which exceeds the amount of power used in its total system on the lightest energy-use days.
At the time of the November filing, PacifiCorp (doing business in eastern Idaho as Rocky Mountain Power) said it had 64 MW of wind contracts executed and another 358 MW proposed. More than 300 MW of the proposed contracts were once large wind projects that were disaggregated into smaller 10 MW projects to meet the commission's published rate criteria, Rocky Mountain Power claimed.
The magnitude of PURPA wind project development in Idaho "has reached monumental levels and the current avoided published cost levels will have a significant impact on the net power cost portion of its Idaho and other jurisdiction customer's rates," Rocky Mountain stated.
PURPA, the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act, requires regulated utilities to buy power generated by small qualifying projects (QFs) at rates based on "avoided-cost" – the cost the purchasing utility avoids by not having to generate or buy from elsewhere the energy the PURPA project generates. The published rate paid developers in recent years does not truly represent "avoided-cost," the utilities claimed.
In response to the utilities' petition, the commission initiated a proceeding, which included a two-day technical hearing and participation by 22 parties, to attempt to find ways that wind and solar projects could obtain a published rate that more accurately reflects the actual value of the energy produced. (Solar projects, while not yet developed in Idaho, are included because the potential for them to disaggregate.)
Commission staff and other parties attempted to establish criteria that would allow the commission more discretion in determining whether a QF was truly a small project as anticipated by PURPA or a larger project that had disaggregated. The commission declined to adopt the criteria, maintaining that the potential would still remain for the criteria to be circumvented. "Furthermore, a 100 kW threshold for wind and solar QFs provides a certainty to the parties in negotiations that disaggregation criteria would not," the commission said.
While leaving the 100 kW cap in place, the commission is initiating another proceeding to investigate the methodology used to calculate the avoided-cost rate. "We believe it is more appropriate to first establish the just and reasonable avoided-cost rates before we implement procedures for obtaining the rate," the commission said.
"While we recognize the impact that this decision will have on small wind and solar projects, it would be erroneous, and illegal pursuant to PURPA, for this commission to allow large projects to obtain a rate that is not an accurate reflection of the utility's avoided cost for the purchase of QF generation," the commission said.
The Northwest and Intermountain Power Producers Coalition argued that the 10 average MW cap has worked "remarkably well for Idaho."
"We fundamentally think that it is unfortunate that the three utilities initiated this docket at all," NIPPC said. "We believe that this docket has been an unnecessary exercise and that is because the system is not broken and, hence, it does not need to be fixed."
The commission directed that the parties meet within 30 days to identify issues and establish a schedule for the commission's inquiry into the avoided-cost methodology.
While the published rate is no longer available to the 17 wind projects, developers have the option of negotiating with utilities for a rate using the utilities' Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) process. The IRP methodology, updated every two years, recognizes the individual generation characteristics of each project. It assesses when the project is capable of delivering its output against when the purchasing utility is most in need of the energy, resulting in a price that reflects the value of the energy to the utility. Using the IRP methodology does not negate the requirement of the utility, under PURPA, to buy output from qualifying renewable projects. Developers have the option of filing a complaint with the commission if they believe the utility is not negotiating in good faith or is in violation of its obligations under PURPA.
Below is a summary of the wind projects impacted by the commission's decision to retain the 100 kW cap for projects submitted after Dec. 14.
Cotterel projects
Case Nos. IPC-E-10-51, -52, -53, -54 and -55; Order No. 32254
The five projects were proposed near Burley by Cotterel WindEnergy Center LLC, which is owned by Shell. Cotterel initially responded to a 2009 Idaho Power bid request as one large project of 150 MW. After an agreement was not reached, Cotterel submitted five PURPA contracts requesting the published avoided-cost rate for five 10-MW projects with a scheduled online date of Oct. 31, 2014. Under the commission's published rate, annual energy payments by Idaho Power for the expected generation would have been about $26 million in 2015, increasing to about $46.8 million in 2033, or a total of $716.4 million over the 20-year term of the three agreements.
"From the commission's perspective, a thorough review is appropriate and necessary prior to signing agreements that obligate ratepayers to payments in excess of $700 million over the 20-year term of these agreements," the commission stated. "Indeed the commission has directed the utilities to assist the commission in its gatekeeper role when reviewing QF contracts."
Murphy projects
Case Nos. IPC-E-10-56, -57 and -58, Order No. 32255
Murphy Flat Mesa, Murphy Flat Energy and Murphy Flat Wind, developed by Brian Jackson of American Wind LLC, were each proposed to deliver up to 10 average MWs for 20 years with a targeted operation date of Dec. 31, 2012. Under the commission's published rate, annual energy payments by Idaho Power for the expected generation would have been about $10.3 million in 2013, increasing to $20.2 million in 2032, or a total of $299 million over the 20-year term.
American Wind claimed the agreements were executed before the change in the eligibility cap. The commission does not consider a utility and its ratepayers obligated until both parties have completed their final reviews and signed the agreements, which, in this case, was Dec. 15. Further, American Wind stated that the federal government has "created special incentives for wind projects," to stimulate jobs and support the national manufacturing industry. American Wind maintained the wind projects provide meaningful jobs and significant tax benefits. The three projects "are good for the future energy mix of the ratepayers of Idaho and they are good for the local economy and energy security of Idaho and the nation."
However, the commission noted that the Idaho Supreme Court in the 1996 Rosebud Enterprises v. Idaho Power Co. decision, recognized that "a balance must be struck between the local public interest of a utility's electric consumers and the national public interest in development of alternative energy sources."
The commission's primary responsibility is to ensure that the electric utilities it regulates deliver adequate and reliable energy at rates that are just and reasonable. "From the commission's perspective, a thorough review is appropriate and necessary prior to signing agreements that obligate ratepayers to payments of nearly $300 million over the 20-year term of these agreements," the commission stated.
Rainbow Ranch projects
Case Nos. IPC-E-10-59 and -60, Order No. 32256
These projects, near Declo, were also proposed by Jackson of American Wind LLC with a proposed operation date of Dec. 31, 2012.
Under the commission's published rate, annual energy payments by Idaho Power for the expected generation from the Rainbow Ranch projects would have been about $7.2 million in 2013, increasing to about $14.1 million in 2032, or a total of $208.8 million over the 20-year term of the three agreements.
Grouse Creek projects
Case Nos. IPC-E-10-61 and -61, Order No. 32257
The two wind projects near Lynn, Utah (south of the City of Rocks national reserve in Idaho), were proposed by Brett Woodward of Wasatch Wind Intermountain LLC.
The projects were originally one 65 MW project that was to be paid a rate negotiated between Idaho Power and the developer. However, due to federal permitting issues, the overall footprint of the project was reduced and submitted as two 10 average megawatt projects to be paid the published rate. Under the commission's published rate, annual energy payments by Idaho Power for the expected generation would have been about $8.3 million in 2014, increasing to about $15.9 million in 2033, or a total of $236.4 million over the 20-year term of the three agreements.
Cedar Creek projects
Case Nos. PAC-E-11-01, -02, -03, -04 and -05
These five wind projects were proposed for southeast of Shelley in Bingham County by Cedar Creek Wind LLC.
Cedar Creek and Rocky Mountain Power originally discussed the possibility of two 78 MW PURPA projects, but Cedar Creek said the avoided-cost rate calculated by Rocky Mountain rendered its projects uneconomical. Cedar Creek subsequently decided to reconfigure the projects into five 10 MW to qualify for the commission's published rate.
Cedar Creek claims that the five agreements were mature contracts with a meeting of the minds between the parties before the Dec. 14 deadline. Cedar Creeks claims that the commission staff's "absolute cut-off date" is a misreading of a commission order and contrary to the law under PURPA.
A full text of the commission's orders for all these cases is available on the commission's Web site at www.puc.idaho.gov. Click on "File Room" and then on "Electric Cases" and scroll down to the above case numbers.
Interested parties may petition the commission for reconsideration by no later than June 29. Petitions for reconsideration must set forth specifically why the petitioner contends that the order is unreasonable, unlawful or erroneous. Petitions should include a statement of the nature and quantity of evidence the petitioner will offer if reconsideration is granted.
Petitions can be delivered to the commission at 472 W. Washington St. in Boise, mailed to P.O. Box 83720, Boise, ID, 83720-0074, or faxed to 208-334-3762.


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