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How To Get Cat Urine Out Of A Mattress - YouTube ( Getting Pee Smell Out Of A Mattress Photo #2)
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Howhow1 (hou),USA pronunciation adv.
- in what way or manner;
by what means?: How did the accident happen?
- to what extent, degree, etc.?: How damaged is the car?
- in what state or condition?: How are you?
- for what reason;
why?: How can you talk such nonsense?
- to what effect;
with what meaning?: How is one to interpret his action?
- what?: How do you mean? If they don't have vanilla, how about chocolate?
- (used as an intensifier): How seldom I go there!
- by what title or name?: How does one address the president?
- at what price: How are the new cars going, cheaper than last year's models?
- by what amount or in what measure or quantity?: How do you sell these tomatoes?
- in what form or shape?: How does the demon appear in the first act of the opera? How does the medication come?
- and how! [Informal.]certainly! you bet!: Am I happy? And how!
- Here's how, [Informal.](used as a toast).
- how come? [Informal.]how is it that? why?: How come you never visit us anymore?
- how so? how does it happen to be so? why?: You haven't any desire to go? How so?
- the manner or way in which: He couldn't figure out how to solve the problem.
- about the manner, condition, or way in which: I don't care how you leave your desk when you go. Be careful how you act.
- in whatever manner or way;
however: You can travel how you please.
- that: He told us how he was honest and could be trusted.
- a question concerning the way or manner in which something is done, achieved, etc.: a child's unending whys and hows.
- a way or manner of doing something: to consider all the hows and wherefores.
- a word formerly used in communications to represent the letter H.
Toto (to̅o̅; unstressed tŏŏ, tə),USA pronunciation prep.
- (used for expressing motion or direction toward a point, person, place, or thing approached and reached, as opposed to from): They came to the house.
- (used for expressing direction or motion or direction toward something) in the direction of;
toward: from north to south.
- (used for expressing limit of movement or extension): He grew to six feet.
- (used for expressing contact or contiguity) on;
upon: a right uppercut to the jaw; Apply varnish to the surface.
- (used for expressing a point of limit in time) before;
until: to this day; It is ten minutes to six. We work from nine to five.
- (used for expressing aim, purpose, or intention): going to the rescue.
- (used for expressing destination or appointed end): sentenced to jail.
- (used for expressing agency, result, or consequence): to my dismay; The flowers opened to the sun.
- (used for expressing a resulting state or condition): He tore it to pieces.
- (used for expressing the object of inclination or desire): They drank to her health.
- (used for expressing the object of a right or claim): claimants to an estate.
- (used for expressing limit in degree, condition, or amount): wet to the skin; goods amounting to $1000; Tomorrow's high will be 75 to 80°.
- (used for expressing addition or accompaniment) with: He added insult to injury. They danced to the music. Where is the top to this box?
- (used for expressing attachment or adherence): She held to her opinion.
- (used for expressing comparison or opposition): inferior to last year's crop; The score is eight to seven.
- (used for expressing agreement or accordance) according to;
by: a position to one's liking; to the best of my knowledge.
- (used for expressing reference, reaction, or relation): What will he say to this?
- (used for expressing a relative position): parallel to the roof.
- (used for expressing a proportion of number or quantity) in;
making up: 12 to the dozen; 20 miles to the gallon.
- (used for indicating the indirect object of a verb, for connecting a verb with its complement, or for indicating or limiting the application of an adjective, noun, or pronoun): Give it to me. I refer to your work.
- (used as the ordinary sign or accompaniment of the infinitive, as in expressing motion, direction, or purpose, in ordinary uses with a substantive object.)
- raised to the power indicated: Three to the fourth is 81( 34 = 81).
- toward a point, person, place, or thing, implied or understood.
- toward a contact point or closed position: Pull the door to.
- toward a matter, action, or work: We turned to with a will.
- into a state of consciousness;
out of unconsciousness: after he came to.
- to and fro. See fro (def. 2).
Getget (get),USA pronunciation v., got or ([Archaic]) gat; got or got•ten;
get•ting, n.
- to receive or come to have possession, use, or enjoyment of: to get a birthday present; to get a pension.
- to cause to be in one's possession or succeed in having available for one's use or enjoyment;
acquire: to get a good price after bargaining; to get oil by drilling; to get information.
- to go after, take hold of, and bring (something) for one's own or for another's purposes;
fetch: Would you get the milk from the refrigerator for me?
- to cause or cause to become, to do, to move, etc., as specified;
effect: to get one's hair cut; to get a fire to burn; to get a dog out of a room.
- to communicate or establish communication with over a distance;
reach: You can always get me by telephone.
- to hear or hear clearly: I didn't get your last name.
- to acquire a mental grasp or command of;
learn: to get a lesson.
- to capture;
seize: Get him before he escapes!
- to receive as a punishment or sentence: to get a spanking; to get 20 years in jail.
- to prevail on;
influence or persuade: We'll get him to go with us.
- to prepare;
make ready: to get dinner.
- (esp. of animals) to beget.
- to affect emotionally: Her pleas got me.
- to hit, strike, or wound: The bullet got him in the leg.
- to kill.
- to take vengeance on: I'll get you yet!
- to catch or be afflicted with;
come down with or suffer from: He got malaria while living in the tropics. She gets butterflies before every performance.
- to puzzle;
annoy: Their silly remarks get me.
- to understand;
comprehend: I don't get the joke. This report may be crystal-clear to a scientist, but I don't get it.
- to come to a specified place;
reach: to get home late.
- to succeed, become enabled, or be permitted: You get to meet a lot of interesting people.
- to become or to cause oneself to become as specified;
reach a certain condition: to get angry; to get sick.
- (used as an auxiliary verb fol. by a past participle to form the passive): to get married; to get elected; to get hit by a car.
- to succeed in coming, going, arriving at, visiting, etc. (usually fol. by away, in, into, out, etc.): I don't get into town very often.
- to bear, endure, or survive (usually fol. by through or over): Can he get through another bad winter?
- to earn money;
- to leave promptly;
scram: He told us to get.
- to start or enter upon the action of (fol. by a present participle expressing action): to get moving; Get rolling.
- get about:
- to move about;
be active: He gets about with difficulty since his illness.
- to become known;
spread: It was supposed to be a secret, but somehow it got about.
- to be socially active: She's been getting about much more since her family moved to the city.Also, get around.
- get across:
- to make or become understandable;
communicate: to get a lesson across to students.
- to be convincing about;
impress upon others: The fire chief got across forcefully the fact that turning in a false alarm is a serious offense.
- get ahead, to be successful, as in business or society: She got ahead by sheer determination.
- get ahead of:
- to move forward of, as in traveling: The taxi got ahead of her after the light changed.
- to surpass;
outdo: He refused to let anyone get ahead of him in business.
- get along:
- to go away;
- See get on.
- get around:
- to circumvent;
- to ingratiate oneself with (someone) through flattery or cajolery.
- to travel from place to place;
circulate: I don't get around much anymore.
- See get about.
- get at:
- to reach;
touch: to stretch in order to get at a top shelf.
- to suggest, hint at, or imply;
intimate: What are you getting at?
- to discover;
determine: to get at the root of a problem.
- [Informal.]to influence by surreptitious or illegal means;
bribe: The gangsters couldn't get at the mayor.
- get away:
- to escape;
flee: He tried to get away, but the crowd was too dense.
- to start out;
leave: The racehorses got away from the starting gate.
- get away with, to perpetrate or accomplish without detection or punishment: Some people lie and cheat and always seem to get away with it.
- get back:
- to come back;
return: When will you get back?
- to recover;
regain: He got back his investment with interest.
- to be revenged: She waited for a chance to get back at her accuser.
- get by:
- to succeed in going past: to get by a police barricade.
- to manage to exist, survive, continue in business, etc., in spite of difficulties.
- to evade the notice of: He doesn't let much get by him.
- get down:
- to bring or come down;
descend: The kitten climbed the tree, but then couldn't get down again.
- to concentrate;
attend: to get down to the matter at hand.
- to depress;
fatigue: Nothing gets me down so much as a rainy day.
- to swallow: The pill was so large that he couldn't get it down.
- to relax and enjoy oneself completely;
be uninhibited in one's enjoyment: getting down with a bunch of old friends.
- get even. See even 1 (def. 22).
- get going:
- to begin;
act: They wanted to get going on the construction of the house.
- to increase one's speed;
make haste: If we don't get going, we'll never arrive in time.
- get in:
- to go into a place;
enter: He forgot his key and couldn't get in.
- to arrive;
come: They both got in on the same train.
- to become associated with: He got in with a bad crowd.
- to be chosen or accepted, as for office, membership, etc.: As secretary of the club, his friend made sure that he got in.
- to become implicated in: By embezzling money to pay his gambling debts quickly, he was getting in further and further.
- get it, [Informal.]
- to be punished or reprimanded: You'll get it for breaking that vase!
- to understand or grasp something: This is just between us, get it?
- get it off, Slang (vulgar). to experience orgasm.
- get it on:
- [Informal.]to work or perform with satisfying harmony or energy or develop a strong rapport, as in music: a rock group really getting it on with the audience.
- Slang (vulgar). to have sexual intercourse.
- get it up, [Slang](vulgar), to achieve an erection of the penis.
- get off:
- to escape the consequences of or punishment for one's actions.
- to help (someone) escape punishment: A good lawyer might get you off.
- to begin a journey;
leave: He got off on the noon flight.
- to leave (a train, plane, etc.);
dismount from (a horse);
- to tell (a joke);
express (an opinion): The comedian got off a couple of good ones.
- [Informal.]to have the effrontery: Where does he get off telling me how to behave?
- Slang (vulgar). to experience orgasm.
- to experience or cause to experience a high from or as if from a drug.
- to cause to feel pleasure, enthusiasm, or excitement: a new rock group that gets everyone off.
- get off on, [Slang.]to become enthusiastic about or excited by: After years of indifference, she's getting off on baseball.
- get on or along:
- to make progress;
- to have sufficient means to manage, survive, or fare.
- to be on good terms;
agree: She simply can't get on with her brothers.
- to advance in age: He is getting on in years.
- get out:
- to leave (often fol. by of ): Get out of here! We had to get out of the bus at San Antonio.
- to become publicly known: We mustn't let this story get out.
- to withdraw or retire (often fol. by of ): He decided to get out of the dry goods business.
- to produce or complete: Let's get this work out!
- get over:
- to recover from: to get over an illness.
- See get across.
- get round. See get around.
- get the lead out. See lead 2 (def. 11).
- get there, to reach one's goal;
succeed: He wanted to be a millionaire but he died before he got there.
- get through:
- to succeed, as in meeting, reaching, or contacting by telephone (usually fol. by to): I tried to call you last night, but I couldn't get through.
- to complete;
finish: How he ever got through college is a mystery.
- to make oneself understood: One simply cannot get through to her.
- get to:
- to get in touch or into communication with;
contact: It was too late by the time he got to the authorities.
- [Informal.]to make an impression on;
affect: This music really gets to you.
- to begin: When he gets to telling stories about the war, there's no stopping him.
- get together:
- to accumulate;
gather: to get together a portfolio of 20 stocks.
- to congregate;
meet: The alumnae chapter gets together twice a year.
- to come to an accord;
agree: They simply couldn't get together on matters of policy.
- get up:
- to sit up or stand;
- to rise from bed.
- to ascend or mount.
- to prepare;
organize: to get up an exhibit.
- to draw upon;
rouse: to get up one's courage.
- to acquire a knowledge of.
- (to a horse) go! go ahead! go faster!
- to dress, as in a costume or disguise: She got herself up as an astronaut.
- to produce in a specified style, as a book: It was got up in brown leather with gold endpapers.
- has or have got:
- to possess or own;
have: She's got a new car. Have you got the tickets?
- must (fol. by an infinitive): He's got to get to a doctor right away.
- to suffer from: Have you got a cold?
get′ta•ble, get′a•ble, adj.
- an offspring or the total of the offspring, esp. of a male animal: the get of a stallion.
- a return of a ball, as in tennis, that would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent.
- something earned, as salary, profits, etc.: What's your week's get?
- a child born out of wedlock.
Catcat1 (kat),USA pronunciation n., v., cat•ted, cat•ting.
- a small domesticated carnivore, Felis domestica or F. catus, bred in a number of varieties.
- any of several carnivores of the family Felidae, as the lion, tiger, leopard or jaguar, etc.
- a person, esp. a man.
- a devotee of jazz.
- a woman given to spiteful or malicious gossip.
- the fur of the domestic cat.
- a cat-o'-nine-tails.
- [Chiefly Brit.]the tapering piece of wood used in the game of tipcat.
- [Chiefly Brit.]the game itself.
- See four old cat, one old cat, three old cat, two old cat.
- a catboat.
- a catamaran.
- a catfish.
- a tackle used in hoisting an anchor to the cathead.
- a double tripod having six legs but resting on only three no matter how it is set down, usually used before or over a fire.
- [Navy Informal.]catapult (def. 2).
- (in medieval warfare) a movable shelter for providing protection when approaching a fortification.
- bell the cat, to attempt something formidable or dangerous.
- let the cat out of the bag, to divulge a secret, esp. inadvertently or carelessly: He let the cat out of the bag, and the surprise party wasn't a surprise after all.
- to flog with a cat-o'-nine-tails.
- to hoist (an anchor) and secure to a cathead.
- to vomit.
- cat around:
- to spend one's time aimlessly or idly.
- to seek sexual activity indiscriminately;
Urineu•rine (yŏŏr′in),USA pronunciation n.
- the liquid-to-semisolid waste matter excreted by the kidneys, in humans being a yellowish, slightly acid, watery fluid.
Outout (out),USA pronunciation adv.
- away from, or not in, the normal or usual place, position, state, etc.: out of alphabetical order; to go out to dinner.
- away from one's home, country, work, etc., as specified: to go out of town.
- in or into the outdoors: to go out for a walk.
- to a state of exhaustion, extinction, or depletion: to pump a well out.
- to the end or conclusion;
to a final decision or resolution: to say it all out.
- to a point or state of extinction, nonexistence, etc.: to blow out the candle; a practice on the way out.
- in or into a state of neglect, disuse, etc.;
not in current vogue or fashion: That style has gone out.
- so as not to be in the normal or proper position or state;
out of joint: His back went out after his fall.
- in or into public notice or knowledge: The truth is out at last.
- seeking openly and energetically to do or have: to be out for a good time.
- not in present possession or use, as on loan: The librarian said that the book was still out.
- on strike: The miners go out at midnight.
- so as to project or extend: to stretch out; stick your tongue out.
- in or into activity, existence, or outward manifestation: A rash came out on her arm.
- from a specified source or material: made out of scraps.
- from a state of composure, satisfaction, or harmony: to be put out over trifles.
- in or into a state of confusion, vexation, dispute, variance, or unfriendliness: to fall out about trifles.
- so as to deprive or be deprived: to be cheated out of one's money.
- so as to use the last part of: to run out of gas.
- from a number, stock, or store: to point out the errors.
- aloud or loudly: to cry out.
- with completeness or effectiveness: to fill out.
- thoroughly;
entirely: The children tired me out.
- so as to obliterate or make undecipherable: to cross out a misspelling; to ink out.
- all out, with maximum effort;
thoroughly or wholeheartedly: They went all out to finish by Friday.
- out and away, to a surpassing extent;
far and away;
by far: It was out and away the best apple pie she had ever eaten.
- out for, aggressively determined to acquire, achieve, etc.: He's out for all the money he can get.
- out from under, out of a difficult situation, esp. of debts or other obligations: The work piled up while I was away and I don't know how I'll ever get out from under.
- out of:
- not within: out of the house.
- beyond the reach of: The boat's passengers had sailed out of hearing.
- not in a condition of: out of danger.
- so as to deprive or be deprived of.
- from within or among: Take the jokers out of the pack.
- because of;
owing to: out of loyalty.
- foaled by (a dam): Grey Dancer out of Lady Grey.
- out of it, [Informal.]
- not part of or acceptable within an activity, social group, or fashion: She felt out of it because none of her friends were at the party.
- not conscious;
drunk or heavily drugged.
- not alert or clearheaded;
- eliminated from contention: If our team loses two more games, we'll be out of it.
- out of sight. See sight (def. 19).
- out of trim, (of a ship) drawing excessively at the bow or stern.
- not at one's home or place of employment;
absent: I stopped by to visit you last night, but you were out.
- not open to consideration;
out of the question: I wanted to go by plane, but all the flights are booked, so that's out.
- wanting;
without: We had some but now we're out.
- removed from or not in effective operation, play, a turn at bat, or the like, as in a game: He's out for the season because of an injury.
- no longer having or holding a job, public office, etc.;
disengaged (usually fol. by of ): to be out of work.
- inoperative;
extinguished: The elevator is out. Are the lights out?
- finished;
ended: before the week is out.
- not currently stylish, fashionable, or in vogue: Fitted waistlines are out this season.
- unconscious;
senseless: Two drinks and he's usually out.
- not in power, authority, or the like: a member of the out party.
- [Baseball.]
- (of a batter) not succeeding in getting on base: He was out at first on an attempted bunt.
- (of a base runner) not successful in an attempt to advance a base or bases: He was out in attempting to steal second base.
- beyond fixed or regular limits;
out of bounds: The ball was out.
- having a pecuniary loss or expense to an indicated extent: The company will be out millions of dollars if the new factory doesn't open on schedule.
- incorrect or inaccurate: His calculations are out.
- not in practice;
unskillful from lack of practice: Your bow hand is out.
- beyond the usual range, size, weight, etc. (often used in combination): an outsize bed.
- exposed;
made bare, as by holes in one's clothing: out at the knees.
- at variance;
at odds;
unfriendly: They are out with each other.
- moving or directed outward;
outgoing: the out train.
- not available, plentiful, etc.: Mums are out till next fall.
- external;
- located at a distance;
outlying: We sailed to six of the out islands.
- [Cricket.]not having its innings: the out side.
- of or pertaining to the playing of the first nine holes of an 18-hole golf course (opposed to in): His out score on the second round was 33.
- (used to indicate movement or direction from the inside to the outside of something): He looked out the window. She ran out the door.
- (used to indicate location): The car is parked out back.
- (used to indicate movement away from a central point): Let's drive out the old parkway.
- begone! away!
- (used in radio communications to signify that the sender has finished the message and is not expecting or prepared to receive a reply.) Cf. over (def. 61).
- [Archaic.](an exclamation of abhorrence, indignation, reproach, or grief (usually fol. by upon): Out upon you!
- a means of escape or excuse, as from a place, punishment, retribution, responsibility, etc.: He always left himself an out.
- a person who lacks status, power, or authority, esp. in relation to a particular group or situation.
- Usually, outs. persons not in office or political power (distinguished from ins).
- [Baseball.]a put-out.
- (in tennis, squash, handball, etc.) a return or service that does not land within the in-bounds limits of a court or section of a court (opposed to in).
- something that is out, as a projecting corner.
- [Print.]
- the omission of a word or words.
- the word or words omitted.
- [Northern Brit. Dial.]an outing.
- be on the or at outs with, to be estranged from (another person);
be unfriendly or on bad terms with: He is on the outs with his brother.
- to go or come out.
- to become public, evident, known, etc.: The truth will out.
- to make known;
utter (fol. by with): Out with the truth!
- to eject or expel;
- to intentionally expose (a secret homosexual, esp. a public figure).
Ofof1 (uv, ov; unstressed əv or, esp. before consonants, ə),USA pronunciation prep.
- (used to indicate distance or direction from, separation, deprivation, etc.): within a mile of the church; south of Omaha; to be robbed of one's money.
- (used to indicate derivation, origin, or source): a man of good family; the plays of Shakespeare; a piece of cake.
- (used to indicate cause, motive, occasion, or reason): to die of hunger.
- (used to indicate material, component parts, substance, or contents): a dress of silk; a book of poems; a package of cheese.
- (used to indicate apposition or identity): Is that idiot of a salesman calling again?
- (used to indicate specific identity or a particular item within a category): the city of Chicago; thoughts of love.
- (used to indicate possession, connection, or association): the king of France; the property of the church.
- (used to indicate inclusion in a number, class, or whole): one of us.
- (used to indicate the objective relation, the object of the action noted by the preceding noun or the application of a verb or adjective): the ringing of bells; He writes her of home; I'm tired of working.
- (used to indicate reference or respect): There is talk of peace.
- (used to indicate qualities or attributes): an ambassador of remarkable tact.
- (used to indicate a specified time): They arrived of an evening.
- [Chiefly Northern U.S.]before the hour of;
until: twenty minutes of five.
- on the part of: It was very mean of you to laugh at me.
- in respect to: fleet of foot.
- set aside for or devoted to: a minute of prayer.
- [Archaic.]by: consumed of worms.
Mattressmat•tress (ma′tris),USA pronunciation n.
- a large pad for supporting the reclining body, used as or on a bed, consisting of a quilted or similarly fastened case, usually of heavy cloth, that contains hair, straw, cotton, foam rubber, etc., or a framework of metal springs.
- See air mattress.
- a mat woven of brush, poles, or similar material, used to prevent erosion of the surface of dikes, jetties, embankments, dams, etc.
- a layer of concrete placed on bare ground, as to provide a footing;
- a layer of any material used to cushion, protect, reinforce, or the like.
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Our Savior New American School sends 22 'fearless' grads into the real world
When Paul Pandolfi took to the stage at the Our Savior New American School graduation ceremony Saturday he made one thing clear: he would not fear the future.
"The future is never clear, but I know that, with God, I have no fear because he will guide my path," said Pandolfi, 18, of Medford.
The private Christian school, located in Centereach, hosted its graduation ceremony Saturday afternoon. During the ceremony, each member of the 22-person graduating class took to the microphone to deliver a heartfelt speech, echoing Pandolfi's message and enthusiasm.
While the words in each speech differed from student to student, each student spoke about how the school has changed their lives. In many of their messages, the diverse class -- described as a "big fruit basket," by graduate Jubilee Colon, 18, of Central Islip – expressed an eagerness to enter the real world.
"When I came to OSNAS I was stuck in a mode where I wasn't sure if I wanted to change the person I was," said Cheick Sy-Savane, 18, of Centereach. "I soon realized that I would need focus and commitment in order to succeed. Now, I'm walking out of this school practically fearless."
Since the school teaches students from pre-kindergarten through 12th grade, many students, like Rainer Dombek, 18, of Lake Grove, have been there for their entire academic careers. Dombek, who attended the school for 15 years, expressed his gratitude for the school and was thankful that the school "allowed me to have a voice."
"The memories I've made here will stay locked into my heart forever," he said.
Duncan Kasibante, 18, of Coram, who came to the United States from Uganda, expressed gratitude for his school, but did joke that it was tough to adjust to the school upon arriving from Uganda.
"When I first walked into the classrooms, all of the teachers immediately knew my name," he said. "This was scary to me at first because, in my country, when the teachers know your name, it's a bad thing."
Ronald Stelzer, headmaster of the school, attributed the student's willingness to look toward the future to the school's ability to prepare them for "eternity." Stelzer acknowledged that the many accomplishments the Class of 2013 has achieved are nice, but that ultimately it is their commitment to their faith that will get them "safely into heaven."
Stelzer believes that because of the school's commitment to teaching with an evangelical Christian perspective, Our Savior New American School students are better prepared for the future than others.
"So many schools don't prepare you for eternity, how short-sighted is that?" Stelzer said.
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Something tells me, if you are reading this blog, there's a small chance you may enjoy the results of fermenting and/or distilling grain.
If perchance you are among those who also enjoy their fermented grain products distilled, and might be able to be in the San Francisco area on or near October 16th, please check out the Malt Advocate's Whisky Fest.
WhiskyFest San Francisco will feature more than 200 of the world's finest, rarest, and most expensive, single malt and blended Scotch, Irish, bourbon, Tennessee, Japanese, Welsh, Canadian and other whiskies from around the world to sample in one Grand Ballroom. High-end rums, tequilas beer and other spirits will be represented as well.
There will be a bunch of axillary, (or is that ancillary?) events that week as well, including special dinners and parties at bars and restaurants.
In general, the best place to keep up with this sort of drinky information is on Camper English's blog Alcademics. However, I will endeavor to post anything I find of note.
PS. As noted on Camper's blog, Whiskyfest tickets are steeply discounted only until September 25th, so get them while they are hot.


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SAN DIEGO -- The Navy says it has relieved a commanding officer accused of mismanagement amid allegations that funds were misused under his watch.
Navy spokesman Chris Johnson said Thursday the decision to relieve Capt. Michael Wiegand stems from an investigation into contracting improprieties at Southwest Regional Maintenance Center in San Diego.
The center provides maintenance support to more than 100 ships and submarines of the U.S. Pacific Fleet. Wiegand took command in July 2010.
The Navy has assigned Wiegand to administrative duty.
The center will be under an acting commander until a relieving commanding officer is assigned.
Johnson says the alleged wrongdoings did not impact the command's ability to provide maintenance support.
The spokesman says he cannot provide further details at this stage of the investigation nor allow for interviews of Wiegand.


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No. 79,590
ROCHE LABORATORIES, INC., d/b/a
a Delaware Corporation; MARY PECK, an individual;
and NATALIE PIERCE, an individual,
1. Whether a party is required to or has failed to exhaust administrative remedies is a question of law over which appellate review is unlimited.
2. Where the district court lacks jurisdiction, the parties may not ordinarily confer such jurisdiction upon the court by consent, waiver, or estoppel.
3. An aggrieved individual may bring an independent cause of action in district court based on the rights and prohibitions of the Kansas Acts Against Discrimination once he or she has exhausted administrative remedies.
4. The doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies is directed toward promoting proper relationships between the courts and administrative agencies charged with particular administrative and regulatory duties. It requires avoidance of interference with functions of the administrative agency by withholding judicial action until the administrative process has run its full course.
5. One may not be said to exhaust an administrative remedy by purposely interrupting the administrative process.
6. Under the facts of this case, the administrative remedies were not exhausted and the district court was without jurisdiction to consider the civil action brought by the claimant in a Kansas Act Against Discrimination proceeding.
Appeal from Sedgwick district court; DAVID W. DEWEY, judge. Opinion filed November 5, 1999. Cross-appeal sustained and case remanded with instructions.
Stephanie N. Scheck, of Morrison & Hecker, L.L.P., of Wichita, argued the cause, and Alan L. Rupe, of the same firm, was with her on the briefs for appellant/cross-appellee.
Dennis V. Lacey, of Kahrs, Nelson, Fanning, Hite & Kellogg, L.L.P., of Wichita, argued the cause, and Richard L. Honeyman, of the same firm was with him on the brief for appellees/cross-appellants.
The opinion of the court was delivered by
LARSON, J.: The dispositive issue of this appeal is whether a fired employee, with an administrative proceeding pending before the Kansas Human Rights Commission in which a probable cause finding of a violation of K.S.A. 44-1001 et seq., had been issued, may bring a separate action in the district court without completely exhausting his administrative remedies. We hold that he may not.
Perry T. Sandlin sued his former employer, Roche Laboratories, Inc., (now Laboratory Corp. of America Holdings) (Roche) for alleged violations of the Kansas Acts Against Discrimination (KAAD), K.S.A. 44-1001 et seq. Roche's motion for summary judgment based on lack of jurisdiction for failure to exhaust administrative remedies was denied. A jury trial was commenced, and Sandlin presented his evidence and rested. The trial court granted Roche's motion for a directed verdict on Sandlin's substantive claims.
Sandlin appeals the trial court's grant of a directed verdict. Roche cross-appeals the trial court's ruling regarding lack of jurisdiction. The case was transferred to this court from the Court of Appeals pursuant to K.S.A. 20-3018(c).
Factual and procedural background
Only a limited factual background is necessary because we resolve this matter on procedural grounds raised by the cross-appeal.
Sandlin had worked for Roche and its predecessors between 1973 and the time of the termination of his employment on May 1, 1992. He asserts that because he suffered from depression, the termination of his employment resulted from discrimination against him in violation of the KAAD.
On July 28, 1992, Sandlin filed a timely complaint with the Kansas Human Rights Commission (KHRC), which then conducted an investigation and on or about June 13, 1995, issued a finding that probable cause existed for crediting the allegations of the complaint as allowed by K.S.A. 44-1005(e). A copy of this probable cause finding is not in the record, but it is referred to in a June 20, 1995, letter of Sandlin's then counsel that expresses readiness for the conciliation process, including his damage claim for lost wages, pain and suffering, attorney fees, and possible reinstatement.
On August 2, 1996, while the administrative proceeding was still active and pending, Sandlin filed his district court petition in this case.
In its September 5, 1996, answer to Sandlin's petition, Roche asserted affirmatively that Sandlin's claim was barred because he had failed to exhaust his administrative remedies.
In an apparent response to this allegation, Sandlin's attorney wrote KHRC on September 9, 1993, requesting dismissal of Sandlin's pending case and closure of the administrative file.
The KHRC, on September 13, 1996, sent a letter to Sandlin in care of his attorney at her address, dismissing the complaint administratively pursuant to K.A.R. 21-41-10, as authorized by K.S.A. 44-1003 and K.S.A. 44-1004. The letter enclosed as an attachment a copy of the recently published decision of the Kansas Court of Appeals, Simmons v. Vliets Farmers Co-op Ass'n, 19 Kan. App. 2d 1, 861 P.2d 1345, rev. denied 253 Kan. 861 (1993), which was stated to be "for your consideration as to any action you may deem appropriate."
The Simmons decision states: "A claimant must file a petition for reconsideration of any Kansas Human Rights Commission order or action to exhaust administrative remedies and preserve the right to pursue an independent claim in district court. See K.S.A. 44-1001 et seq., K.S.A. 44-1111 et seq., K.S.A. 1992 Supp. 44-1010, and K.S.A. 44-1011." 19 Kan. App. 2d 1, Syl. ¶ 2.
The KHRC dismissal letter was received by Sandlin's attorney on or about September 15, 1996, but Sandlin was not given a copy.
We need not relate in detail the complicated factual scenario that next occurred in the procedural history of this case. It is sufficient to state that near the end of 1996, Sandlin's attorney raised the fact that Sandlin had not been served with the order, service was made, a petition for reconsideration was presumably filed but not received by the KHRC, and a later petition for reconsideration was filed in April 1997. Roche's motion for summary judgment based on lack of jurisdiction was principally argued based on Sandlin's failure to timely satisfy the requirement of asking for reconsideration of the KHRC's order of dismissal.
However, at the hearing on Roche's motion for summary judgment, even though Roche concentrated on arguing that Sandlin had failed to file his petition for reconsideration within 15 days of service of the order of dismissal, Sandlin's attorney noted:
"'Mr. Lacey [Roche's attorney] originally raised with us the fact that we couldn't file our lawsuit because we hadn't dismissed the [KHRC] charges [,he] has, in his answer, alleged that we were premature in filing that claim; he has now waived that argument. We offered to dismiss the case, close the administrative file and proceed on and Mr. Lacey declined that invitation.'"
There was no further mention of the premature filing issue. The trial court denied Roche's motion for summary judgment. That denial is the subject of Roche's cross-appeal to our court, which we first consider, as it is dispositive in this case.
Standard of Review
Although we review the trial court's denial of Roche's motion for summary judgment, we do so on the basis of interpretation of statutes, which are questions of law upon which our review is unlimited. Hamilton v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 263 Kan. 875, 879, 953 P.2d 1027 (1998). More specifically, it was held in Nora H. Ringler Revocable Family Trust v. Meyer Land and Cattle Co., 25 Kan. App. 2d 122, Syl. ¶ 6, 958 P.2d 1162 (1998) that "[w]hether a party is required to or has failed to exhaust administrative remedies is a question of law over which our review is unlimited."
In deciding these issues, we will in part be considering statutory provisions, which we do with the following rules in mind:
"In construing statutes, the legislative intention is to be determined from a general consideration of the entire act. Effect must be given, if possible, to the entire act and every part thereof. To this end, it is the duty of the court, as far as practicable, to reconcile the different provisions so as to make them consistent, harmonious and sensible. [Citations omitted.]" KPERS v. Reimer & Koger Assocs., Inc., 262 Kan. 635, 643, 941 P.2d 1321 (1997).
Statutory Provisions of Kansas Act Against Discrimination
The KAAD seeks to end discrimination by reason of race, religion, color, sex, disability, national origin, and ancestry, in all employment relations, in housing, and in all places and public accommodations covered by the Act. K.S.A. 44-1001. It is unlawful under the KAAD for an employer, because of the disability of an employee, to discharge or otherwise discriminate against the employee in the terms or conditions of employment. K.S.A. 44-1009(a)(1).
Within 6 months after an alleged discriminatory act or after the last in a pattern of such acts, individuals claiming violations of the KAAD may file a complaint with the KHRC. The KHRC serves a copy of the complaint on the party accused of violating the act and then investigates the allegations. K.S.A. 44-1005(a), (d), and (i). The commissioner assigned to a case then determines if probable cause exists to credit the allegations. Where the KHRC makes a finding of "no probable cause," the claimant is served notice, and such finding is not subject to judicial review. K.S.A. 44-1005(d); Van Scoyk v. St. Mary's Assumption Parochial School, 224 Kan. 304, Syl. ¶ 1, 580 P.2d 1315 (1978).
If there is a finding of probable cause, the commissioner endeavors to end the discriminatory practice by conference and conciliation. K.A.R. 44-1005(e). If no agreement is reached, the KHRC commences a hearing in accord with the Kansas Administrative Procedures Act (KAPA). K.S.A. 44-1005(f).
The officer presiding at such hearing is to render an initial order on the issue of whether the employer engaged in an unlawful employment practice. If an unlawful practice occurred, the officer is to render an order providing for remedial action or compensation as warranted and permitted by the act. K.S.A. 44-1005(k). If the officer determines no unlawful practice occurred, the officer is to render an order dismissing the complaint. K.S.A. 44-1005(m). Either of the above initial orders shall be reviewed by the KHRC, and a copy of the final order shall be served on the parties. K.S.A. 44-1005(n).
Any party dissatisfied with any order or decision of the KHRC "may petition for reconsideration in accordance with the provisions of K.S.A. 77-529" within 15 days of the service of the final order, and such a petition is a prerequisite to judicial review of any order or decision of the KHRC. K.S.A. 44-1010; K.S.A. 77-529(a). Any action of the KHRC is reviewable under the Act for Judicial Review and Civil Enforcement of Agency Actions with certain specified exceptions not relevant here. K.S.A. 44-1011.
An aggrieved individual may also bring an independent cause of action in the district court based on the rights and prohibitions of the KAAD once he or she has exhausted administrative remedies. Van Scoyk, 224 Kan. at 306.
1996 Amendments to K.S.A. 44-1005
It is important to point out that the statutory provisions regarding the dismissal of matters pending before the KHRC and the necessity of filing a petition for reconsideration were substantially changed by the 1995 Kansas Legislature: The parties in this case were instructed to brief the issue of whether K.S.A. 1995 Supp. 44-1005(i) affects jurisdiction. That subsection states:
"(i) Any complaint filed pursuant to this act must be so filed within six months after the alleged act of discrimination, unless the act complained of constitutes a continuing pattern or practice of discrimination in which event it will be from the last act of discrimination. Complaints filed with the commission on or after July 1, 1996, may be dismissed by the commission on its own initiative, and shall be dismissed by the commission upon the written request of the complainant, if the commission has not issued a finding of probable cause or no probable cause or taken other administrative action dismissing the complaint within 300 days of the filing of the complaint. The commission shall mail written notice to all parties of dismissal of a complaint within five days of dismissal. Complaints filed with the commission before July 1, 1996, shall be dismissed by the commission upon the written request of the complainant, if the commission has not issued a finding of probable cause or no probable cause or taken other administrative action dismissing the complaint within 300 days of the filing of the complaint. Any such dismissal of a complaint in accordance with this section shall constitute final action by the commission which shall be deemed to exhaust all administrative remedies under the Kansas act against discrimination for the purpose of allowing subsequent filing of the matter in court by the complainant, without the requirement of filing a petition for reconsideration pursuant to K.S.A. 44-1010 and amendments thereto. Dismissal of a complaint in accordance with this section shall not be subject to appeal or judicial review by any court under the provisions of K.S.A. 44-1011 and amendments thereto. The provisions of this section shall not apply to complaints alleging discriminatory housing practices filed with the commission pursuant to K.S.A. 44-1015 et seq. and amendments thereto." L. 1995, ch. 247, § 2.
This provision was amended in response to a large backlog of cases before the KHRC. See testimony of Branden R. Myers, Chief Legal Counsel, Kansas Human Rights Commission, March 28, 1995, regarding S.B. 376 before the Senate Governmental Organization Committee. Because the Sandlin complaint with the KHRC was filed in July 1992, and the amendment of the statute would be deemed to be procedural and not substantive, the complaint would be subject to the statute's amended provisions.
However, as both parties argue, because a probable cause finding had been made on Sandlin's complaint and the amended statute states that complaints "shall be dismissed by the commission upon the written request of complainant, if the commission has not issued a finding of probable cause or no probable cause or taken other administrative action dismissing the complaint within three hundred days of filing the complaint," the amended provisions do not apply in this case.
Although the KHRC took longer than 300 days to issue the probable cause finding, the finding had been made and the administrative process was at work. The conditions for dismissal have not been met, and K.S.A. 1995 Supp. 44-1005(i) is not applicable to the facts of our case.
Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies
It is axiomatic and this court has consistently held that it is our duty to raise the question of jurisdiction on our own motion, and, if the trial court lacked jurisdiction, the appellate court likewise does not acquire jurisdiction over the subject matter of the appeal. City of Overland Park v. Barron, 234 Kan. 522, Syl. ¶ 1, 672 P.2d 1100 (1983); In re Lakeview Gardens, Inc., 227 Kan. 161, Syl. ¶ 8, 605 P.2d 576 (1980). Where the court lacks jurisdiction, the parties may not ordinarily confer such jurisdiction upon the court by consent, waiver, or estoppel. In re Marriage of Mosier, 251 Kan. 490, 493, 836 P.2d 1158 (1992); In re Estate of Freshour, 177 Kan. 492, 499-500, 280 P.2d 642 (1995).
Our court has consistently recognized the doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies as being well established in the jurisprudence of administrative law. In Jarvis v. Kansas Commission on Civil Rights, 215 Kan. 902, 904, 528 P.2d 1232 (1974), Justice Owsley, speaking for a unanimous court, stated these broad principles:
"A primary purpose of the doctrine is the avoidance of premature interruption of the administrative process. It is normally desirable to let the administrative agency develop the necessary factual background upon which its decisions are based. Since agency decisions are frequently of a discretionary nature, or frequently require expertise, the agency should be given the first chance to exercise that discretion or to apply that expertise. It is more efficient for the administrative process to go forward without interruption than it is to permit the parties to seek aid from the courts at various intermediate stages. . . . Frequent and deliberate flouting of administrative processes could weaken the effectiveness of an agency by encouraging people to ignore its procedures." 215 Kan. at 904-05.
Jarvis cited Jenkins v. Newman Memorial County Hospital, 212 Kan. 92, 510 P.2d 132 (1973), which involved the exhaustion issue where the respondent in a KAAD case filed an appeal to the district court and had it dismissed because of failure to attempt the rehearing process available under the KAAD. The complainant and the KHRC joined in a motion to dismiss on the ground the court lacked jurisdiction of the subject matter because the hospital had failed to exhaust its administrative remedies. We upheld the trial court's dismissal on appeal and stated:
"The doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies is directed toward promoting proper relationships between the courts and administrative agencies charged with particular administrative and regulatory duties. It promotes orderly procedure and requires a party to exhaust the administrative sifting process with respect to matters peculiarly within the competence of the agency. It requires avoidance of interference with functions of the administrative agency by withholding judicial action until the administrative process has run its full course. The failure to exhaust administrative remedies has often been emphasized as a ground for denying judicial review. It rests on sound consideration of comity and convenience, fully recognizing the separation of powers doctrine as set forth in our case law. [Citations omitted.]
"The doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies dictates that a remedy before an administrative agency provided by law must be sought and completed before courts will act." 212 Kan. at 95.
More recent case law regarding the KAAD has consistently noted that an independent civil action under the KAAD can only be filed once administrative remedies have been exhausted. In Van Scoyk, 224 Kan. 304, we held that an independent action based on the KAAD is permissible, but "recourse must first be made to the Commission by an aggrieved individual, and the administrative remedies must be exhausted before recourse to the courts. Where the administrative procedure proves efficacious, court action will in most instances be unnecessary." 224 Kan. at 306-07.
In Simmons, 19 Kan. App. 2d at 2, the complaint before the KCCR (now KHRC) was administratively dismissed when Simmons filed a federal suit upon which summary judgment was subsequently granted to Vliets. When Simmons then attempted to file a state court action claiming violations of the KAAD, her action was dismissed for failure to file the required petition for reconsideration. It was held: "[I]t is clear that a claimant must file a petition for reconsideration of any KCCR order or action to exhaust administrative remedies and preserve the right to pursue an independent claim in district court." 19 Kan. App. 2d at 4.
In response to an argument that the filing of the reconsideration petition was a futile action, it was held that it would not be because suspension rather than dismissal could have been requested, which would have protected her administrative remedies and might have precluded the need to seek civil relief under the KAAD in an independent suit.
In Wagher v. Guy's Foods, Inc., 256 Kan. 300, 885 P.2d 1197 (1994), the primary issue was when the statute of limitations on an independent cause of action under the KAAD begins to run, and the exhaustion issue was not discussed. Nevertheless, the Wagher court stated more than once in the opinion that exhaustion was required before the independent suit could be brought: "Wagher had a cause of action against Guy's Foods, but she was precluded from filing it until the administrative remedies were exhausted," 256 Kan. at 310, and "Wagher was precluded from bringing her action against Guy's Foods until she had exhausted her administrative remedies under the KAAD." 256 Kan. at 312; see also Davidson v. MAC Equipment, Inc., 878 F. Supp. 186, 189 (D. Kan. 1995) (KAAD claims dismissed where plaintiff had failed to petition the KHRC for reconsideration); United Steelworkers of America v. Kansas Comm'n on Civil Rights, 253 Kan. 327, 332-33, 855 P.2d 905 (1993) (for purposes of seeking judicial review of the KHRC's decisions, exhaustion does not occur until the KHRC has issued its order on the petition for reconsideration); and Mattox v. Department of Transportation, 12 Kan. App. 2d 403, 406, 747 P.2d 174 (1987), rev. denied 242 Kan. 903 (1988) ("Van Scoyk support[s] the general principle that administrative remedies must be exhausted before initiating a civil action for damages.").
Applying the language and principles of the above case law makes it clear Sandlin is not permitted to file, bring, or pursue an independent action based on the KAAD in state court prior to exhausting all administrative remedies.
While the inordinate delays in the administrative proceedings were undoubtedly frustrating, we must protect the requirement of exhaustion of the KHRC process. It was Sandlin's filing of the civil suit that gave rise to the administrative dismissal of his KHRC complaint. We will not hold he can be said to have exhausted an administrative remedy by purposely interrupting the administrative process.
We hold the district court was without jurisdiction to consider the civil action that Sandlin brought. Neither the filing of this case, nor the request of Sandlin, justify the action of the KHRC under its letter of September 13, 1996, in administratively dismissing the pending action before the KRHC. The subsequent filings of Sandlin before the KHRC are likewise void and of no legal force and effect.
The cross-appeal is sustained. This case is remanded to the trial court with instructions to dismiss without prejudice Sandlin's petition for failure to exhaust administrative remedies. Sandlin's complaint before the KHRC is deemed to remain pending subject to further action thereon.


text:
Information Security
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- FeatureRootkit detection and removal know-how
- FeatureWhat CISOs need to know about computer forensics
- FeatureLogical, physical security integration challenges
- FeatureConsolidation's impact on best-of-breed security
- FeatureSIM and NBA product combination is powerful
- FeatureIntrusion Prevention: Stonesoft's SGI-2000S IPS
- FeatureVirtualization
- FeatureBruce Schneier, Marcus Ranum debate home users and security
- FeaturePing: Nate Lawson
- FeaturePerspectives: The Lesson of Estonia
- FeatureTime to take cyberterrorism talk seriously
- FeatureViewpoint: Correlate SIMs and log management
iSTOCK/GETTY IMAGES
Consolidation's impact on best-of-breed security
Standalone security vendors are attractive targets for large infrastructure players such as EMC. This feature looks at the consolidation in the security market and the potential for best-of-breed security to eventually disolve into a mashup of suites and services by big vendors like EMC, IBM, Microsoft, and HP.
Security managers are asking pure-play vendors questions about their viability.
It was difficult to tell whether Art Coviello's tan was from the sun or whether he was just flush with cash. It was the dead of February in San Francisco and there was the leader of RSA Security telling attendees at his company's namesake conference that the standalone security market would be extinct by the end of the decade. "The value of security as a standalone solution is diminishing," he said from the keynote pulpit.
Almost immediately from more than one corner of the vast auditorium hall you could hear snickering: "Easy for you to say, Art, since you've just been acquired."
EMC's $2.1 billion acquisition of RSA in June 2006 epitomizes the type of consolidation in the security market that continues today. Security companies are attractive acquisition targets for large infrastructure players like EMC, which plans to integrate RSA's authentication and encryption capabilities horizontally across its storage and data management portfolio.
It's not a stretch to think Coviello may be correct about consolidation on some levels. With 700 companies scratching and clawing, sometimes in the smallest niche spaces, for every available dollar, there isn't room for all of them. Innovative standalone security vendors are turning into sitting ducks for bigger buyers. Will best-of-breed, point-solution protection eventually dissolve into a mashup of suites and services by the EMCs, IBMs, Microsofts and HPs of the world?
Some security managers hold out hope that isn't the case.
"A lot of the startups are venture-funded, and innovation is really with smaller companies," says Patrick A. Cote, information security officer for educational publisher Houghton Mifflin. "I think, the more mergers that happen, the more startups you'll see because the money is there; it's VC-backed. [Venture capital firms] have a better understanding of the marketplace than some of the big companies."
Big is the New Small
Security managers are often put in precarious corners, many times by emerging threats, but more times than not, it's by their budgets. Information security isn't a tangible; it's like buying insurance, CISOs are wont to say. Justifying new investments is difficult, and in the majority of cases, security managers are asked to do more with less.
"My expectation is if I spend the money on a product and it gets gobbled up by a larger company, the parent company would maintain the product and the client base long enough that the solution would still be viable," says Sander Silvera, security manager with a financial services organization. "If IBM purchases my vendor, for example, I'm hoping IBM doesn't have a competing product and it's gobbling up my vendor just so it doesn't compete with an internally grown product. If that happens, I don't know what to tell you."
Determining the long-term viability of a small security company, no matter how innovative and important its technology, is a make-or-break exercise for many organizations. Security technology isn't cheap, and if you've got an established relationship with a giant infrastructure provider that has scooped up a bevy of security assets in a flurry of M&As, you may be inclined to lean that way.
"They throw off a big shadow," Cote says of the bigger players. "Theirs is not always the best solution. One of the decision points is ease of deployment, and if you've got the infrastructure in place, it definitely influences your decision. I could definitely see situations where people would roll out less-than-perfect technologies on the assumption that the total deployment piece of the puzzle is that big and that compelling."
To that end, M&A has been A-OK with some vendors that make their bread primarily outside the security industry (see "Getting Into Security," PDF). EMC made a loud splash with its RSA pickup, and IBM continues to dive deeply into the security pool. In June, IBM acquired Web application security specialist Watchfire for an undisclosed amount. The Watchfire purchase came 10 months after Big Blue spent $1.3 billion on network security company Internet Security Systems. ISS will beef up IBM's services offerings, while Watchfire's AppScan technology is likely destined for inclusion in IBM's Rational development platform. HP, meanwhile, made what some are calling a reactionary move less than two weeks after the Watchfire announcement, when it bought Web app security firm SPI Dynamics, leaving just one major player in that important niche, Cenzic (see "Is Cenzic on Borrowed Time").
|Getting Into Security
Traditional IT companies have been scooping up some big information security vendors in the last 15 months.
Click here for a a sample of those acquisitions. (PDF).
|Is Cenzic on Borrowed Time?
The standalone Web application security market has been pared to one.
Cenzic, essentially the remaining standalone Web application security company, says its position has never been stronger and assures its customers that it's not in play.
VP of marketing Mandeep Khera says HP's and IBM's respective acquisitions of SPI Dynamics and Watchfire validate the importance of Web application security, and that Cenzic will remain viable by pursuing partnerships with larger infrastructure vendors that could resell its products or offer them as services.
Cenzic products, unlike SPI and Watchfire, evaluate the security of applications already in production, Khera says, and not necessarily just those in development.
"We are determined to remain focused there; if we merged with a software development lifecycle or application lifecycle development vendor, that [evaluation] at the production cycle never takes place," Khera says.
One customer, David Escalante, director of IT security at Boston College, says he's sticking with Cenzic and doesn't let market pressures determine his organization's investments.
"The market can't sustain 700 companies pitching security products. So what do we do, wait for the market to shake out and not buy security products? We can't put ourselves in that situation," he says. "It's hopeless. We'll continue to make our investments. If we have a two-year ROI plan, and our vendor gets gobbled up three months after we make a purchase, we'll find a way to make the software work. We'll continue to use Cenzic and get good use out of it. If Cenzic gets gobbled up, we'll have to move on."
Cisco's security story is growing too. In January, it scooped up gateway security providers IronPort for $830 million, and recently announced it would integrate Iron-Port's reputational services into Cisco firewalls. Cisco also added XML security gateway company Reactivity to its ranks in February for $135 million. Symantec, meanwhile, has taken the opposite tack and gone from almost exclusively a security player, to nearly a full-fledged infrastructure provider with a range of pickups, including storage leaders Veritas (July 2005), and systems management firms Relicore (February 2006) and Altiris (January).
As Security Incite president and principal analyst Mike Rothman likes to say, "Big is the new small."
"Early on in the '90s, there was some cache to being an early adopter and getting on board with an innovative technology. But after a while when companies were getting their teeth kicked in, they were left in a situation where they have to start thinking about whom to do business with," Rothman says. "The trend is toward consolidation and a broader solution set. But in no way, shape or form do I think there is no opportunity out there for new solutions, especially for environments with unique business requirements."
Suite Debate
Security is a haven for best-of-breed. The bigger the company, the more likely it is to invest in best-of-breed security solutions for everything from desktop protection, to network and application security. Very few vendors can secure a company across the board (see "Channel Surfing," p. 52), and those that promise to do so can't match the depth of a pure-play, standalone security vendors say.
"Network security is still so complicated; it requires a lot of domain knowledge in certain areas like what we specialize in--threats and monitoring," says Trend Micro CEO Eva Chen. "This is a very narrow space, and so many new threats are happening, it requires constant investment in this area to build up that knowledge, not to mention if you're focused on storage and other things."
Standalone vendors hedge their bets on their ability to provide specialized products, support and attention to customers to distinguish themselves.
"Our customers, our partners look for companies focused on security, not companies selling something else and security," says Check Point founder and CEO Gil Shwed. "That's something our customers are worried about. They want to see someone independent."
Reality is sometimes a little harsher for security managers, who cannot afford to be so cut-and-dried.
"It depends," says Houghton Mifflin's Cote. "I don't do stuff in a vacuum."
Cote says his company's desktops are protected by an integrated McAfee solution that includes firewall, antivirus and antispyware protection. "That sort of technology has a lot of value," Cote says. "Suites work very well. It would be nice to have a single agent on the desktop that does everything from a security perspective. When you use different agents, performance, ease of use and distribution gets to be a pain."
The crowded security market may present more choices to buyers. But that overcrowding shouldn't always be confused with a glut of innovation, Rothman warns.
"What's hot and innovative? Not a hell of a lot," he says. "There are slightly different takes on solving they same problem. In some areas, like application security, they're just catching up. Look at what they've been doing relative to what's been done on the network; application security is three-to-four years behind. It's been a while since we've seen something really innovative. Look at NAC and leak prevention; those are just slightly different takes on what we've been doing for a long time. These companies and solutions are really features of a bigger solution set."
Some interpret this granularity as an indicator of a healthy market and viability for smaller players.
"Find a niche and exploit it; there's always a new technology popping up, some of which is unique enough where it doesn't make sense for major players to go nuts," says Burton Group analyst Pete Lindstrom. "If you've got a single product and you can derive more revenue, reach more people and cost less, you'll be more viable. The question of market consolidation depends on how predatory the big players are."
Viable Targets?
Secure Computing, a gateway security provider, has been around since 1984, went public in 1995, sells to some of the biggest financial services and government agencies in the world and in the last two years has reported almost $300 million in revenue.
Sitting duck?
"We are at a size where it's a valid question," says Atri Chatterjee, senior vice president of marketing. And it's a question some customers are asking pure-play security companies. Organizations want to protect their investments in security technologies, and are asking about exit strategies, what options they have with proprietary code (see "Exit Strategy," below), and what safeguards can be inserted into contracts. But just because the questions are being asked, doesn't mean you'll get answers of value.
|Exit Strategy
Storing proprietary code in escrow is one option security organizations are baking into vendor contracts.
Among the topics your organization should broach with smaller security providers is source code escrow. With 700 security companies in the market, consolidation is inevitable, and one investment safeguard is an agreement between a customer, vendor and third-party escrow agent to store proprietary code in the event of an acquisition or bankruptcy.
"From a customer's perspective, if they buy a product from you and something happens where you're not around any more, they know they can get at the source code," says Arcot CTO Jim Reno. "They can hire a consulting agency, and at least get emergency support."
Security Incite president and principal analyst Mike Rothman urges companies not to rely solely on escrowing code.
"You don't want to be in a situation where your vendor goes belly-up; you don't want to start over," Rothman says. "Have somebody ready in your back pocket. The vultures will circle [in an acquisition or bankruptcy]."
"I could ask pointed questions, but I do not believe vendors would volunteer any information," Silvera says.
And if a vendor does offer your organization an answer, take it with a grain of salt.
"They're going to lie to you, simple as that. 'Are you going to be acquired? Not today,'" Rothman says. "The reality is, if anyone comes forward with a compelling offer, it's their fiscal responsibility to look at it. There's not a lot a user can do. It underscores the need for all companies to have a Plan B. There have been some situations where companies have gone away, and organizations are left in a world of hurt. If you're doing business with a startup, you need to plan if something goes amiss."
Secure Computing, like Check Point, Qualys, ArcSight and other security vendors that have risen near the top of their particular market segments, are attractive to bigger players looking to enhance or start a security business. Or they could take another direction, as Check Point did last year, and try to acquire an up-and-comer like Source- fire, with an entrenched technology like Snort and innovation on top of it like RNA.
Others like Arcot, for example, spend their time cultivating partnerships with bigger players in an attempt to become ubiquitous in other companies' products. Arcot's best example is the integration of its authentication product into Windows CardSpace, formerly InfoCard.
"If you pick up two or three players in a space, you have two or three offerings and two or three customer bases to manage. A lot of energy and attention goes into figuring out how to do that and whether you're going to maintain all of it," Arcot CTO Jim Reno says.
It's a busy space.
|What's Next?
First it was GreenBorder, then Postini, then speculation. That's what happens when Google spends more than $650 million in the security market.
Will Google become a security vendor? Will it integrate its acquisitions into future Google offerings? Is there a bigger shoe still to fall? No one at Google is really saying, which is leading to a bevy of theories about the road map leading out of Mountain View, Calif.
Yankee Group analyst Andrew Jaquith says Google's goal is to make the operating system irrelevant via its hosted Web applications--a shot across not just Microsoft's bow. Google product manager Rajen Sheth implied on a company blog shortly following Google's $625 million pickup of Postini that enhanced security would make enterprises less hesitant to run Google's hosted office applications.
"On-demand applications are clearly where Google wants to stake its claim," Jaquith says, noting Google's current array of apps enables it to compete at the low end the office market. "They will go up-market over time. I think they will also do the same in the security arena with message hygiene [Postini] and browser security [GreenBorder]."
More speculation: Google could get into antimalware with a Webroot-type acquisition--though Jaquith believes Webroot is "probably far too expensive." He also wouldn't rule out a security apps suite or appliance.
"If there are 700 security companies, 80 percent are doing less than $10 million in revenue. How viable is a company in the $15 million to $20 million niche? What happens if it goes out of business?" Chatterjee asks. "The beauty of it is, it's important to be in a space no one else is in and give companies the right solution. In security, organizations are still willing to take a chance; they don't want to mess with security. They'll buy from a small company as long as the solution is unique and solves a problem no one else solves."
That argument is not unlike other standalones. "Sometimes I refer to our strategy as the Starbucks strategy," Chen says. "We sell coffee. We sell very good coffee. We don't sell fried chicken or pizza."
Blinded by Size
Houghton Mifflin's Cote says security organizations have to be strategic about their investments and not necessarily flinch every time an IBM snaps up a security stalwart.
"If you come up with a better mousetrap, people pay; it's a function of the free market," Cote says, offering the example of the antispyware market, which was dominated by smaller security companies like PestPatrol, Webroot and even open source projects like Spybot Search & Destroy. "Bigger companies completely dropped the ball, and smaller companies, they were there. They were better products and were supported. You're going to continue to see that entrepreneurship. Big guys don't have that vision."
Big guys do have buying power, but even then, there's also a certain amount of leverage to be gained when your organization's pure-play vendor is acquired. Take the EMC-RSA purchase; customers with an existing EMC investment can wheel and deal with the infrastructure provider to add RSA security products to their environments; over time, those products could be integrated into existing EMC collaboration and document management products, for example.
"It's a function a standalone cannot provide," Rothman says. "For a company looking to consolidate vendors and simplify purchasing and management, they may be better served dealing with a bigger company."
Leverage is something that can be gained from a relationship with a smaller vendor as well.
"If the solution comes from a smaller company, that is fine with me," Silvera says. "Smaller companies are always interested in new sales, and go out of their way to work with you. Since they're smaller, we'd get a closer touch from them. At the same time, I will always be concerned a smaller player with a successful product might be absorbed by a larger organization and then we go right back to the question of the viability of smaller vendors."
Houghton Mifflin is a Qualys customer and relies on its software delivered as a service (SaaS) over the Web to manage network vulnerabilities. Qualys chairman and CEO Philippe Courtout says his company recognized the disintegration of network perimeters long ago and gambled on moving his company to the SaaS model. Rather than innovating on technology, the change in the delivery mechanism helps maintain Qualys' viability as a pure-play.
Cote, meanwhile, doesn't anticipate the market to shrink; if smaller vendors are bought, another will pop up like a weed to take its place. But that doesn't mean he's not watching his pure-play vendors--like Qualys.
"Qualys is something I've thought about. They've got a good reputation," he says. "Quite frankly it surprises me they have not been purchased."
|Channel Surfing
Don't talk to Trend Micro CEO Eva Chen about infrastructure players being the great aggregators of technology. Her vision is skewed in another direction--one that enables companies like hers to maintain their viability as a standalone provider of security technology.
"The user sees the whole network as one solution, but no one vendor can provide for the whole network," Chen says. "Although we say security should be inside the network, the network includes the ISP, routers, switches, OSes, applications and security. No vendor can provide all those. The only one who can aggregate that for the end user is the VAR."
Chen sees a new channel that unites once separate hardware and software providers.
"They used to be separate resellers, now one is emerging. Network and application providers are merging," Chen says. "Some customers want best-of-breed solutions, so for a pure-play like Trend Micro, it's important for us to be ahead of our domain, and second, our technology and offerings need to be customizable and easy for integrators to integrate into the network."


text:
© 2015 - Universal Pictures
Running Time: 115 min.
Release Date: June 26, 2015
DVD: December 15, 2015
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text:
Cape Dorset, Nunavut Territory, Canada
(1964- )
Johnny's parents, Sagiatuk and Kakulu are also artists in Cape Dorset.
Spirit Wrestler Gallery
101-1669 West 3rd Ave.
Vancouver, BC
Canada V6J 1K1
Toll Free: 1-888-669-8813
Phone: 604-669-8813
one block West of the Granville Island gates
Between Pine St. and Fir St.
Tuesday to Saturday, open 10-5
Sunday and Holidays, open 12-5
© 2019 Spirit Wrestler Gallery. All Rights Reserved.


text:
It was all over, and then it wasn't. In the women's water polo bronze medal game, Australia looked like it had everything sewn up when goalkeeper Alicia McCormack stopped Rita Keszthelyi's long-range shot with about 10 seconds to go. The celebration began, since all the Aussies had to do was run out the clock, dry off, and collect their medals. But wait!
Hungary's Dora Antal had one, last-ditch effort in her. Swimming underwater, Antal snuck up on McCormack, stole the ball, and in the same motion tossed it backhanded into the goal, her release coming just before the horn sounded. It was off to overtime, but the Australians managed to hold on in the end, scoring twice to earn the bronze they prematurely thought they had. [NBC]


text:
Mdthomps32 necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 42 diseños de 11 diseñadores freelance.
Significant Touch
Massage Therapy
New start up business in the area. The name of my business is inspired by God for the significance He brings into my life. As I establish a new clientele, my hopes are that others will come to know the love of God through my work. I want wellness and healing to be evident through the therapy provided, and the opportunity to one day use this business as a ministry opportunity.
I would really like the logo to be an expression of the name of my business and in line with my mission statement, "Touching lives for Christ, One body at a time." I think this plays a little more of an elegant part, but yet I want it to touch the world, not just a select group. My clientele will probably be middle age- working class, mostly female, yet some male. I want it to be fun to some degree, yet sophisticated and modern. I want to portray peace, trust, & tranquility to a lost, broken and weary population.
(Added note: If possible, please include Massage Therapy in the design)
Thank you!
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


text:
1. Philly's Phinest. An afterthought at the beginning of the season and seemingly since the departure of John Chaney, second year head coach/former Penn coach Fran Dunphy has transformed the Owls into a contender more quickly than anyone could have imagined. While everyone was raving about A-10 flameouts Dayton, Rhode Island and UMass back in December, the Owls laid low and got hot at the right time, winning their final seven games and defeating city and conference rival Saint Joseph's to win the A-10 title in AC. The Owls also assure the City of Brotherly Love that it won't be shut out of the Big Dance, which last happened in 1977.
2. Christmas Time in March. For those of you who still have the Christmas lights up, you're in luck! It's Christmas time in March this year! The Owls are lead by one of the nation's best one-two combos in Mark Tyndale and Dionte Christmas. Tyndale is the versatile senior leader who does all of the little things (leads team in assists and rebounds), while Christmas can light up the scoreboard (20.2 ppg). The one-two punch of Tyndale and Christmas often creates match-up nightmares for most teams; it has been nearly impossible to stop both all season.
3. Ole Ole Ole. The Owls transformation from NIT squad to tournament team may be the result of Spanish center Sergio Olmos progressing from "project" to "valuable big man." The 7'2" Spaniard has improved leaps and bounds from the start of the season, creating a post presence for the Owls that has been missing for years. Also, it's always fun to join the student section singing "Ole, Ole, Ole, Ole..." every time he scores a bucket. — Storming The Floor


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Do you get strange looks when you buy/play/talk about LEGO?
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Jedd the Zombie
Joined: 29 Jan 2007
Location: Singapore
Posted: Sat Jan 17, 2009 12:17 am
Post subject:
Yay, a thread for me. Definitely, definitely happens alot. The main response I get is "aren't you too old for Lego?" I'm also very annoyed when people point to the reccomended age range on the box and say "see, it says 'ages 5-12'. You're 16!!" Alot of people also refuse to believe in the concept of an AFOL. However, my Dad is somewhat supportive of my MOC builds and likes UCS models like the TIE Advanced and Batmobile. He's still a little broken up that the old Republic Gunship he got for my brother was broken apart (my brother felt the need to start MOC-ing, which I think is a cardinal sin with the Gunship) and refuses to get the new one. I'm currently trying to convince him of the merits of the new AT-TE. He flatly said that the new clone battle pack was not value-for-money at all, but softened after he saw some minifigs fetch close to $100 on Ebay.
Ironic, huh.
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Joined: 20 Dec 2008
Posted: Sun Jan 18, 2009 3:52 pm
Post subject:
Hi everyone, I'm a long time reader, first time poster.
Anyhoo...I can't remember ever buying a single SW set in a store...and I've been collecting them since they first came out and have nearly every set. I've always personally bought them online from Lego, or a family member has gotten them for me as a holiday gift. So I can't say I've ever gotten a weird look from anyone when
a set...
However, when I sometimes reveal the PRICE of a particular set after I've bought it (the UCS Falcon and Death Star Playset come to mind), I do get looked at by some folks like I'm OUT OF MY MIND to pay that much for what they think is essentially a 'child's toy', me being 32 and not having any children yet. I guess I can understand it to some extent, but I don't let it bother me. I find that a lot people can't comprehend the nature and value of collecting ANYTHING (stamps, coins, etc.), let alone collecting toys.
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Joined: 30 Jun 2006
Location: Tampa, Florida
Posted: Fri Jan 30, 2009 8:05 am
Post subject:
Lego is considered by some to be a toy but I believe it is more complex. It is a system. Just as a computer can be for games, learning, work, research, calculations, etc. so can Lego. It can be for children to play but also to learn through many ways. There is color recognition, hand-eye coordination, organization, problem solving, patience, and perseverance. Many others are appropriate as well. Still, none of this makes it less useful when you get older. Adults continue to use the same skills discovered during childhood. There are many things that adults continue to do after reaching matuity but it goes without notice. While the purpose may change, it doesn't negate the fact that everyone has the right to enjoy themselves without judgement.
My introduction to Lego was at about 6 or 7 and it has stuck with me. I can remember a Blackton set at Christmas and the police car I wanted to steal from another boy in school. My interest never left me but I did lose accessibility to the collection at 15 when I moved in with my father. A few years went by when other hobbies and sports filled my freetime. So did a growing interest in the finer points of Star Wars. As a kid, I understood very little of the politics and planning that was involved in the story. For me, it was all about good vs evil and spacebattles. When I went back and watched those movies as a teenager, I finally felt like it was bigger and more complicated and my understanding made me feel a connection.
I was probably lucky that my fascination with Star Wars Lego sets came in 1999 right after highschool. There were no parents watching my checkbook or friends questioning my purchases. I didn't get peer pressure or reprimands so it was a liberating experience to spend my hard-earned money as I saw fit. My collection steadily grew and eventually people did notice the overflowing closets full of sets. I had to stop building because of a lack of display room. Finally, it became a collection of sealed sets. During the course of hunting down replacements for my opened ones, I decided to make some dioramas. I have a house now and am in the process of completing the scenes that have been in my head for about 5 yrs now. There have never really been strange looks at stores but sometimes people mistake me for an employee because of the knowledge I share on the subject. If I lived closer to a Lego store I'd probably try and work there. It wouldn't pay my for my house though.
I used to feel embarassed when people would point out how many sets I had or how much money it had cost. It was like something was wrong with me for not being more "mature". One day while researching some Lego sets on the internet, I stumbled across this site. I was amazed at all of the MOCs and set reviews. It excited me to know that there were enough people out there that felt the same way about Star Wars Lego to actually have a forum. It meant that I wasn't crazy (or the only one) and that I could share my opinions freely with others. Finally, I realized that it was not evil to enjoy myself. The point is that we each have different reasons for keeping Lego in our lives and none of them are wrong. Embrace your choices and appreciate the freedom of those decisons. None of us will ever be able to make everyone happy so we'd better start by accepting ourselves. I'll never apologize for my hobby or how it makes me feel.
The Jinja Ninja wrote: The extended edition includes those scenes (which were replaced with the boulder sequence in the Raiders we know and love) as well as some revisions to the rest of the movie including 'Belloq shot first'
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Joined: 01 Jun 2007
Location: Victorville, California
Posted: Fri Jan 30, 2009 2:23 pm
Post subject:
That's a good story. I agree with you on the part about the the decsion about where to spend your money. In one way, I've thought about the bricks and sets that I have now will still exist- long after I'm dead and gone. Potentally, several generations after myself could still play with them. They could be around long after the end of human civilization for that matter.
I guess my point is; They are an investment into something that will last far beyond most things that we spend our money on.
Little Angel go away. Come again some other day. The Devil has my ear today, I'll never hear a word you'll say.
Sim sala bim bamba sala do saladim _(l-)
The Department of Redundancy Department
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Born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, Tim Sparks started picking out tunes by ear on an old Stella flat top during a bout of encephalitis that kept him out of school for a year. He taught himself to play the music he heard around him: traditional country blues and the gospel his grandmother played on piano in a small church in the Blue Ridge Mountains.
At age 14, Tim was nominated by a musically astute uncle for a scholarship at the prestigious North Carolina School of the Arts. There he studied the classics with Segovia protege Jesus Silva while continuing to play all kinds of music, increasingly turning to classic jazz for inspiration. He adapted compositions by Jelly Roll Morton, Scott Joplin, and Fats Waller to the guitar, frequently reducing piano arrangements to their essence. Early influences were Doc Watson, Arthur Smith, and most importantly Duck Baker, who opened up a horizon of possibilities for fingerstyle guitar.
After a stint on the road with a Chicago-based rhythm and blues band, Sparks arrived in Minnesota where he soon established himself as a journeyman guitarist and session player. While recording three albums with the seminal vocal jazz ensemble Rio Nido, Sparks also became proficient in jazz styles from Brazilian to Be Bop. It was at this time he arranged Carla Bley's composition "Jesus Maria" for Leo Kottke. ( Rio Nido's first two vinyl recordings have recently been re-issued on CD on the Japanese Vivid Sound Label.
Sparks also found time to revive his interest in classical music, adapting Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite to the guitar, a work that has been cited as a significant contribution to solo guitar literature. For Sparks it was a labor of love that earned him the National Fingerstyle Guitar Championship in Winfield, Kansas in 1993.
A sojourn abroad inspired his interest in European and Mediterranean styles, particularly the music of the Balkans. Upon his return to Minnesota, Sparks immersed himself in the ethnic music scene, performing on Oud and Saz in Middle Eastern ensembles and playing guitar in Greek, Klezmer, and Sephardic groups. This work culminated in the recording of Sparks' Balkan Dreams Suite, a remarkable collection of odd-meter guitar arrangements. Many of the Balkan Dreams compositions were recorded on Tim's debut solo CD, The Nutcracker Suite, in 1993. This recording was hailed by Guitar Player Magazine as "an exhilarating, odd-meter minefield inspired by Near Eastern music" and "an important recording from a gifted composer, arranger, and performer." Two more releases followed on the Acoustic Music label, Guitar Bazaar (1997) and One String Leads To Another (1999).
Sparks' work came to the attention of John Zorn, the saxophonist, composer, and curator of Tzadik Records in New York and thereby led to a new cycle of compositions inspired by traditional Jewish melodies. Neshamah (1999) is a solo effort. Tanz, which garnered Downbeat Magazine's highest praise, five stars, in 2000 and At the Rebbe's Table (2002) include ensemble work. All three releases have been acclaimed by a broad spectrum of critics and listeners alike. Spring of 2003 saw the release of Masada Guitars, featuring interpretations of John Zorn's music by Tim, Bill Frisell, and Marc Ribot. In recent years, Sparks' musical focus has come full circle, returning to the country blues and classic jazz that served as a springboard for his worldwide guitar explorations. He toured with Dolly Parton in 2005 and recorded Roots, Rags and Blues for Truefire/Acoustic Guitar Workshop.
"Meet James Buckley, the hardest-working musician in the Twin Cities" -Erin Roof, Citypages. James performed with Har Mar Superstar for an extensive world tour, highlighted by a live television performance on "Le Petit Journal" in Paris, France. James performed upright and electric bass on Bon Iver's album, 22, A Million, nominated for Best Alternative Album in the 2017 Grammy's. Most recently James performed bass on the new P.O.S album "Chill, Dummy".James performed live with Lizzo on The Late Show with Steven Colbert, December 2016. James has toured internationally with the indie-folk group, The Pines, and appears on their Red House Records releases "Tremolo", "Dark So Gold", "Pasture: Folk Songs", and "Above The Prairie". James recorded bass with Minneapolis super-group, "Gayngs" on their "The Last Prom on Earth" album, and played their performance at First Avenue, along with Coachella Music Festival April 2011. James co-founded and was bassist for Minneapolis' circuit-bending noisy pop-funk trio Mystery Palace, fronted and produced by Ryan Olcott of 12 Rods fame. James appears live and on recordings with Emmy Award-Winning, Universal Records Artists, The Blenders.


text:
Explore Our Hotel
A friendly, contemporary Harlow hotel near Stansted Airport and trains to Central London
Set in the thriving town of Harlow on the border of Essex and Hertfordshire, Holiday Inn Express® Harlow hotel is 15 miles from Stansted Airport, with easy access to the M11 motorway. Harlow Town Station is a 20-minute walk away, where you can take a 35-minute train ride to London Liverpool Street Station or catch the Stansted Express to the airport. A major hub for buses and coaches, Harlow Bus Station is right next to the hotel.
Corporate guests are less than 10 minutes' drive from Harlow Enterprise Hub, and the Harlow Business Exhibition is held in Town Park on the hotel's doorstep. Three elegant meeting rooms host up to 42 delegates, with audiovisual equipment and catering services.
Popular attractions in Harlow include Gibberd Garden and Gibberd Gallery in the Civic Centre, and you can follow Harlow's Sculpture Trail as you shop along the pedestrianised Broadwalk. It's a five-minute stroll from the hotel to Harlow Leisurezone, and within 20 miles you can visit family-friendly attractions such as Broxbourne Paradise Wildlife Park and Hertford Castle.
Wi-Fi and breakfast are included, you can tuck into traditional British food and beers in the lobby bar and restaurant. Friendly staff can recommend a good pub in Harlow or the West Essex countryside.
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- Continental Breakfast Included
Hotel Restaurants
Our restaurant serves Express start breakfast and a limited English and International cuisine menu for dinner.
Location: Great Room at lobby level
Serves: Dinner
Hours of Operation: : 6:00 PM-10:00 PM
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Relax and enjoy a drink with friends or colleagues in our vibrant lounge bar.
Location: The Great Room on lobby level
Hours of Operation: 11:00 AM - 1:00 AM
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- Internet Browser on TV
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- Ice Machine
Hotel Details
Crown Gate Essex
Harlow, CM20 1NB
United Kingdom
Check In: 3:00 PM
Check Out: 11:00 AM
Check-in Age: 18
Parking + -
- Daily Parking: 3 GBP
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- Public Entrance
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Provided by Hotel
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- Guide Dogs Allowed
- Only guide dogs allowed
Facility + -
- Smoke-Free Facility
- Number of Floors: 4
- Total Number of Rooms: 123
- Number of Suites: 0
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