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Monkey Light Pro - Bicycle Wheel Display System
MonkeyLectric.com - Twitter - Tumblr - Monkey Fun Newsletter - Facebook
Use our web-based software to create a playlist with your own images and animations - or choose from our collection of custom artwork. Then send your playlist to the Monkey Light Pro with Bluetooth wireless.
Mount the Monkey Light Pro to your bike wheel and take your message to the streets. Once you're rolling the display fills the bike wheel and is visible from both sides. The Monkey Light Pro is waterproof, durable and designed for use on city streets. Crank your bike to eleven.
In the past we've hand built our prototypes for exhibits and developers only. You may have seen one at Maker Faire, Siggraph, Dragon's Den, EuroBike, SXSW or at a Museum.
Finally, we're ready to launch the Monkey Light Pro in product form. We've field tested 100 units of the most recent hand-made prototype. We've refined the design a lot from our developer feedback. Now we need your help to manufacture the Monkey Light Pro with a user-friendly package and price.
All the footage in our video was made with Monkey Light Pro prototypes.
Check it out:
To get you started we'll pre-load the Monkey Light Pro with an amazing image and animation collection for you to use. Over 10 artists have created artwork specially for the Monkey Light Pro. We're really excited to be able to give you a curated collection of work from David Ope, Yoshi Sodeoka, Devon Penney, Shelley Eshkar, Kevin Kunzman, Natalie Walsh, Katya Popova, Noah Vawter and more. This is just a taste! If our project is successful we'll get lots more.
- Designed and Manufactured in California, USA
- Weight: about 500 grams, even balance
- Size: 520mm diameter, 25mm thick
- Visibility: evening, overcast and indoors. Not visible in bright sunlight.
- Media format support: JPG, GIF, PNG, AVI, MPEG, MOV, QT, FLV, and more.
- On-board media storage: 1000 image frames
- Playlist capabilities: playlists allow looping, timing and sequencing of frames.
- Web-based playlist creation, download from Windows and Mac
- Developer tools and API: runs on Mac and Linux
- Integrated Battery: 7000mAh Lithium Polymer
- Battery Runtime: 3-8 hours at full brightness, up to 48 hours at reduced brightness. Runtime depends on what graphics are shown.
- Not for use with motor vehicles
The Monkey Light Pro has 4 bars of LEDs which are attached together inside your wheel. As your ride the system rotates, using Persistence Of Vision to create an image with its 256 full color LEDs. The Monkey Light Pro has sensors to track its speed, heads-up position and rotation direction. This allows the system to create stable, full-wheel images from 10 to 40 mph (15 to 65 km/h).
You won't find this technology in any other product. Geek out:
- A 2-axis accelerometer and 4 magnetic sensors are used to track speed, heads-up position and rotation direction. This keeps the display stable at different speeds, during acceleration and braking, and even if you ride backwards!
- Double-sided display hardware. Text and graphics are readable on both sides of the wheel.
- 4-piece bolt-together design. 4 LED bars produce a full-wheel image at low riding speeds. The bars insert within the spokes and bolt together into a single rigid unit. Our design keeps the 4 bars accurately aligned (important for high display quality) and allows sturdy attachment to many common bicycle wheels.
- Internal electrical loop bus. The electrical connectors of the 4 bolt-together LED bars form a redundant loop bus hidden within the assembled device. There are no exposed or dangling wires, and the redundant connectivity is vibration proof while riding.
- Solid rubber molded construction. We developed this to meet the needs of year-round use on city streets, and proved it with our smaller Monkey Light products. Our proprietary 80A clear urethane resists cracking, scratching, clouding, water and dirt better than any type of hard plastic shell. It's also thinner and lighter and will last years longer. We developed the process ourselves and operate our own manufacturing line here in California.
The Monkey Light Pro fits a lot of common bike wheels. If you have a less common type of wheel please check carefully below.
- Adult bike wheel sizes: 26", 27", 28", 29", 700c
- Hubs: The maximum wheel hub diameter is 58mm. All standard front wheel hubs are fine. All cassette (derailleur) rear hubs are fine. Disc brake hubs are fine. Rear hubs with a coaster brake and 1 or 3-speeds will fit. Rear hubs with internal 5-speed or more will not fit. Some dynamo hubs fit and some don't, you'll have to measure. Electric-bike motor hubs will not fit.
- Spokes: Standard 32 and 36 spoke patterns will fit. Wheels with more than 36 spokes will not fit. Wheels with less than 24 spokes will not fit.
The Monkey Light Pro includes 4 separate pieces. Connect the pieces within the spokes of your wheel and bolt them together. The assembled unit straps securely to your spokes. Installation is easiest if you remove your wheel from the bike first.
Installation and setup take about 1 hour. We'll make a video to show you how to do it.
If you want something that works right out of the box, check out the ready-to-ride option which is pre-installed on a Linus bicycle.
Application developers are welcome and encouraged. Our playlist, download and control software and API are available with an open-source license. Use Bluetooth wireless to download graphics and control the Monkey Light Pro. Make a moving installation with a bicycle, or check out our SM1 powered display stand for fixed installations. Contact us if you have any questions about your idea.
Many developers have already done amazing things with our prototypes:
- The Fukushima Wheel project outfitted a bike with pollution sensors. As you ride around, it collects data from the environment and displays it on the wheels.
- The Science Museum of Minnesota created an educational display.
- Our own staff created an interactive 3D spherical display (video below).
- The Museum of Brisbane made a video featuring the Monkey Light Pro (video below)
- Old Bond and Cycloscreen created innovative mobile advertising systems which include our Monkey Light Pro hardware.
- Monkey Light T-shirt. These will be available in all men's and women's sizes. The shirts are black with a white logo silkscreen. Fit style is similar to American Apparel.
- 1 Monkey Light Pro system (for 1 bike wheel). Just one is fantastic! Put it on your rear wheel, it looks great riding and also you can hold the bike up and spin it easily to show your friends.
- 2 Monkey Light Pro systems (for 2 bike wheels). The ultimate setup, crank your ride to eleven!
- Ready-To-Ride: In collaboration with Linus Bikes we are pleased to offer a ready-to-ride option: 2 Monkey Light Pro systems pre-installed on a Linus Roadster Classic bicycle. Other ready-to-ride Linus models available by request.
- Powered Display Stand: A fully assembled indoor display for fixed applications. Includes 1 Monkey Light Pro, 1 SM1 Powered Display Stand, 1 Bike Wheel. Just bolt the stand to a wall, table or pole. The stand spins the bike wheel and provides power so the Monkey Light Pro can run continuously. This package is perfect for shop windows, museums, or other indoor applications. You can see the powered display in our video at 01:13.
At a store near you: Our M210 and M232 Monkey Light bike lights are available worldwide for $50 to $75. They are fun and visible and your purchase is a great way to help this project. Ride one today!
International Customers Welcome: We'll ship to you using Fedex or DHL courier service.
Payment Methods: Until the project meets its funding goal all pledges can pay through Kickstarter. After the goal is met we'll also accept Paypal and bank transfer.
Contact Us if you have any questions. We want you to be happy and having fun!
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All of us here at MonkeyLectric love riding our bikes. We developed the Monkey Light to make riding at night just as fun as the day, and to share our good cheer with those around us. The first thing you notice when you ride around town with a Monkey Light is how many smiles you get. Just remember to smile back!
A business should reflect the values of its owners and employees. Several of our staff are volunteer organizers of the largest Oakland and San Francisco events focused on positive, community-wide cycling. We contribute many non-commercial projects and How-To's to the open source community for others to build and use on their own. our innovative mobile sound system designs have inspired many other builders and helped enable off-grid parties around the world.
There's more about us at our company website.
We're a small company, 6 people. Two years ago we brought our M210 Mini Monkey Light to market largely through funding from Kickstarter. It was a really positive experience for us. We're really grateful for all of the support we received from our backers. Several contributed artwork and designs that were included in the final product. The Mini Monkey Light is now available in hundreds of bike shops around the world. We followed that up with the M232 light.
The Monkey Light Pro is a big chunk of hardware! Just take a look at the diagram below. Scaling it up to manufacturing requires a lot of up front costs for tooling and parts. Creating the web interface will require development effort. Kickstarter is the best way for us to raise funds and ensure we have enough customers to make it work - before we go out and buy all that gear. The Monkey Light Pro is also a really creative product. There is a lot of potential for artist and developer collaborations. Launching it on Kickstarter is a great way to connect and make something that is more than the sum of its parts.
Dan says: "I built the first prototypes purely as a technology demonstration - just for fun! I made an exhibit and showed it at Maker Faire, SigGraph, Interbike and some other places. People kept asking me if they could buy one, but it wasn't a product yet. We've built about 100 kits so far using a very labor intensive process, it is really difficult and expensive! The prototypes also had primitive software, only the hackers could use it. Over the past 2 years we sold some of the prototypes to application developers who did some really cool things - like the Fukushima Wheel project."
"We kept taking the Pro to all our shows - everyone loves to see it. And they kept begging us to make it available! Every day we get an email like that. We put together a plan for how we could make the Monkey Light Pro commercially - bring the price within reach and make it easier to use. We talked to some traditional funding sources. Bankers drive BMW's, they don't ride bikes! They just didn't get what we are doing. "
"We knew the Pro was a really big project so we had to make some steps along the way. In 2011 we launched our Mini Monkey Light on Kickstarter. That let us prove our manufacturing technology and production capabilities. We designed our own manufacturing line! Now both the smaller Monkey Lights are in hundreds of bike shops around the world. Finally we have all the pieces in place to make the Monkey Light Pro a reality. We can do this. I hope you will support our project so we can bring this amazing technology to you."
This does not exist yet. The smartphone scenes in our video give an idea how it might work. If we're lucky enough to not only reach our goal but exceed it then we will plan to work on smart phone apps that can do live control of the wheel graphics.
Application developers are able to do their own smart phone interface as needed.
Risks and challenges
The Monkey Light Pro is a well tested design. Over the past 2 years we hand built 100 units of our latest prototype. Over 20 independent developers, artists and professional agencies have used the prototypes in a variety of applications. All of the footage in our video was made using our prototypes.
Our capabilities for engineering, design, manufacturing and distribution have been proven with our smaller Monkey Light M210 and M232 products. We Kickstarted our M210 product 2 years ago. Today both the M210 and M232 are in volume production and sold in hundreds of shops worldwide. They are top rated on Amazon and known for their quality.
The following tasks remain to complete the Monkey Light Pro:
* Design and fabricate production molds for the Monkey Light Pro, integrating the same manufacturing technology we use with our smaller Monkey Light products.
* Update the Monkey Light Pro hardware to include USB charging, newer wireless hardware, additional themes, and cosmetic improvements.
* Curate additional artwork
* Deploy our playlist creation back end onto a web server
* Create a web front end for our playlist creation tools
* Create Windows downloading tool
* Make an installer for the existing Mac download tool
Production Plan:
* We will produce the Monkey Light Pro at the same California-based facilities as our existing Monkey Light M210 and M232 products. Our smaller Monkey Light products are already in volume production, and the Monkey Light Pro will use the same production technologies.
* Component sourcing has already been completed during the prototype phase. The funding received from this Kickstarter is essential to purchasing the full quantity of needed parts at more cost effective pricing.
* Our engineering, test and manufacturing processes are rigorous and focused on producing high quality, well tested products. As we move towards final integration and testing of the Monkey Light Pro, we may learn that additional revision is needed to meet our quality standards. This may delay the delivery schedule.
* The remaining tasks may take longer than expected to complete.
* Supply chain delays. The Monkey Light Pro uses a lot of different parts. Sometimes a part can become discontinued or be out of stock for a long time. This can impact delivery schedule if we need to design or test an alternative part or wait for delivery.Learn about accountability on Kickstarter
Funding period
- (60 days)


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Larry Summers Circles as Fed Opening Looms
Former Top Obama Adviser Is Said to Be Interested in Taking Over for Bernanke
President Barack Obama is expected to pick the next Federal Reserve chairman within a matter of months. Once again, Larry Summers is available.
Mr. Summers, a former top economic adviser to Mr. Obama, is speaking, writing, consulting, advising, teaching and still in frequent contact with the president. And some of his friends say he is more than a little interested in the Fed job.

subset: commoncrawl


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2016 Direction and Inspiration Workshop | Linda Connor
One Day
February 20, 2016
10:00am to 5:00pm
A one-day workshop, for intermediate & advanced photographers, that will help participants recognize that though they are producing work unique to them and their times, they are also part of a very long genealogy of expression. When developing both the portfolio and a personal vision in the medium, past work will be considered while we also explore how sequencing and context can alter the power and meaning of images.
Each participant's ongoing photographic projects or newly developing work will be reviewed with an emphasis on how to strengthen one's ability to communicate ideas visually. Having learned to look for inspiration from other photographers and artists, all will leave the workshop too, with greater insight and confidence in the direction of their own work.
The Image Flow
401 Miller Ave. Suite A
Mill Valley, CA 94941
Tuition: $95.00
Limited to 12 participants
Linda Connor is an internationally renowned photographer. She has taught at the San Francisco Art Institute since 1969 and studied under Harry Callahan and Aaron Siskind. Connor's photographs depict the relationship between the culturally sacred and natural world while illuminating her connection to, and deep respect for her subjects. Her work can be found in the collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the Museum of Modern Art, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and many other notable institutions. She has authored several monographs including Visits, Solos, Luminance, Spiral Journey and Odyssey: the Photographs of Linda Connor. She is the recipient of numerous awards including National Endowment for the Arts grants and a Guggenheim Fellowship.


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Shipping to: Suomi
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Apply the powder over your entire face using the enclosed applicator.
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Purchases made on KIKO are secure and guaranteed. All information relating to payments, including personal information and credit card information, is protected through an advanced encrypted data transmission system. Under no circumstances will KIKO file your credit card number, nor will it use or keep the information you provided on its own systems.
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Looks like you are using an old version of Internet Explorer - Please update your browser
Dr. David DeWitt responds to claims that the creation model is not scientific and does not make predictions.
In a recent article, New Scientist discusses five supposed vestigial organs in the human body, but as Dr. David DeWitt shows, there's more to the story than evolutionists will admit.PDF Download
A new report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that the common value of >98% similarity of DNA between chimp and humans is incorrect.
No results found in .
Answers in Genesis is an apologetics ministry, dedicated to helping Christians defend their faith and proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ.


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ALBrown necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 94 diseños de 31 diseñadores freelance.
http://www.theglass.com.au is a new Australian firm selling quality wine and alcoholic beverages direct to the consumer from the website.
● Alcoholic beverages are sent out the day it is ordered with a 3-day delivery guarantee.
● Best value, quality alcoholic beverages on offer.
● Membership Club receive exclusive email offers
● Simple and easy to use website
● Different price ranges
● Different wines [red, white, sparkling] from different regions
● Wine articles
● Customers are able to post reviews on the website [automatic publishing]
The website is currently being developed and needs a logo.
Our concept ideas for the logo are given in the Requirements section, so please come up with yours and share it with us.
The client has a successful website http://www.allbids.com.au and theglass.com.au is based on this concept.
Australian market
Age: 50+ singles and couples
Professionals with a disposable income who like to buy quality wine and alcohol.
The target market is segmented into:
1) Impulse Buyers: those who may not be looking to purchase alcohol but see that is a good price for quality alcoholic beverages and decide to stock up [bulk buy offers are present on the website].
2) Price Sensitive: those who enjoy a nice bottle of wine, scotch etc but their disposable income is spent on bigger luxurious goods. Website offers convenience and savings for these consumers who may be purchasing wine for specific occasions.
3) Wine lovers: are knowledgeable, buy wine and alcoholic beverages often, website offers convenience and large variety. Purchase wine for the long term.
We require a logo that will get drinkers interested in the website. The logo must be easily recognisable.
'The Glass' is the brand name. The logo is to contain this and the domain [.com.au]. The domain may be beside the image or below it, it's your choice.
Logo may include image of wine glass containing wine, however it is important to remember that the website will also sell other alcoholic beverages. Attached is an rough idea from the client.
Although beverages are a lower price [no need for a shop front] we wish to maintain a sophisticated image.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


text: It might be a little pretentious, but I love to have beautiful, oversized books sitting on my coffee table. I love to flip lazily through the pages and have my imagination piqued. I love to start conversations with company about the images these books contain. And I love color, so the best of these coffee table books for me has recently been Life in Color: National Geographic Photographs. It separates the selected photos into categories by color; my favorite is green. The photo of the Afghan girl by Reza comes from this section. A close second goes to the red section, from which the Scott Stulberg photo of a South Korean woman in Los Angeles comes. Check it out to see all the amazing photos!


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Connect with Us
- HHP Facebook Page
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- iTunes
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TwHP in Heritage & Historic Preservation
National Park Service
Teaching with Historic Places
Heritage Education Services
Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) uses properties listed in the National Park Service's National Register of Historic Places to enliven history, social studies, geography, civics, and other subjects. TwHP has created a variety of products and activities that help teachers bring historic places into the classroom.
Photo Analysis Worksheet
Step 1:
Examine the photograph for 10 seconds. How would you describe the photograph?
Step 2:
Divide the photograph into quadrants and study each section individually. What details--such as people, objects, activities--do you notice?
Step 3:
What other information--such as time period, location, season, reason photo was taken--can you gather from the photo?
Step 4:
How would you revise your first description of the photo using the information noted in Steps 2 and 3?
Step 5:
What questions do you have about the photograph? How might you find answers to these questions?


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"Happiness, success, and good health can coexist with all kinds of negative emotions. You don't have to get rid of negative emotions, you just have to balance them out."
– Dr. Jane McGonigal
Jane McGonigal (@avantgame), PhD, is a senior researcher at the Institute for the Future and the author of The New York Times bestseller Reality Is Broken: Why Games Make Us Better and How They Can Change the World. Her work has been featured in The Economist, Wired, and The New York Times. She has been called one of the "top ten innovators to watch" by BusinessWeek and one of the "100 most creative people in business" by Fast Company. Her TED talks on games have been viewed more than ten million times.
In this conversation, we dig into everything from recovering from head trauma to how you can use Candy Crush Saga to lose weight. Not enough? How about using Tetris to prevent PTSD, or using Call of Duty to increase empathy?
Her latest book is SuperBetter, which offers a revolutionary (science-based) approach for getting stronger, happier, and more resilient. I've been testing it, and it works. Not only am I feeling better, but I'm having more fun.
As adults, we often lose track of play. My hope is that this episode will help you to reclaim it. It's not frivolous; it can help you get a lot more done with less stress.
- Listen to it on iTunes.
- Stream by clicking here
- Download as an MP3 by right-clicking here and choosing "save as".
Want to hear another podcast on the connection between health and video game use? — Listen to my conversation with Adam Gazzely, the maverick of brain optimization (stream below or right-click here to download):
Want to hear another podcast relating to the use of psychedelics in health care? – Listen to my conversation with Jim Fadiman. In this episode we discuss risks, micro-dosing, ibogaine, and more (stream below or right-click here to download):
This episode is sponsored by Athletic Greens. I get asked all the time, "If you could only use one supplement, what would it be?" My answer is, inevitably, Athletic Greens. It is my all-in-one nutritional insurance. I recommended it in The 4-Hour Body and did not get paid to do so. Get 50% off your order at Athletic Greens.com/Tim
This podcast is also brought to you by 99Designs, the world's largest marketplace of graphic designers. Did you know I used 99Designs to rapid prototype the cover for The 4-Hour Body? Here are some of the impressive results. Click this link and get a free $99 upgrade. Give it a test run…
QUESTION(S) OF THE DAY: What challenge in your life could you build a quest around? Who will be your ally and what quests will you identify? Please let me know in the comments.
Scroll below for links and show notes…
Selected Links from the Episode
- SuperBetter by Jane McGonigal
- Learn more about The Institute for the Future in Palo Alto, CA
- Watch Jane rock Stephen Colbert's world on The Colbert Report
- Learn more about Candy Crush Saga
- Do you know someone with cancer who is being treated with chemotherapy? Have them play Re-Mission. It helps people to avoid missing a dose (note: more than 80% of cancer returning is due to missed doses.)
- Learn more about HopeLab, the team behind Re-Mission
- Finite and Infinite Games by James Carse
- Suffering is Optional by Cheri Huber – You can listen to her podcast, Open Air
- Watch G4M3RS
- Watch King of Kong, the hilarious mockumentary
- The $100 or less BABYBJORN baby carrier
- Connect with Jane McGonigal:
JaneMcGonigal.com | ShowMeTheScience.com | Twitter | Facebook
Show Notes
- How Jane answers the question, "What do you do?" [5:55]
- Examples of real world problems that are solved with games or by gamers [7:15]
- The story behind Jane's concussion and how her career evolved from the accident [10:35]
- How Jane climbed herself out of the hole of suicidal thoughts [16:55]
- Action steps for using gaming lessons and applying them to real life [20:05]
- How to build a quest into your life [27:30]
- The health effects of Candy Crush Saga [31:35]
- The health benefits of Tetris and Call of Duty [39:20]
- On post-traumatic growth and post-ecstatic growth [49:05]
- On the use of psychedelics to simulate traumatic experiences [54:45]
- The threat of game addiction – how to not sink 60+ hours a week into World of Warcraft [57:45]
- How to avoid potentially addictive games [1:04:05]
- Jane's current gaming workout schedule [1:08:35]
- Who comes to mind when you think successful? [1:13:15]
- The story behind the Oprah "Thank You" Game [1:19:45]
- Favorite documentaries [1:20:45]
- What purchase of $100 or less has been most valuable? [1:22:25]
- Morning rituals [1:24:30]
- Carry-over effects of watching sports/games to performing better [1:27:00]
- If you could have one billboard anywhere, where would it be and what would it say? [1:29:30]
- Jane McGonigal's one request for the audience [1:31:45]
Elements of Creating a Game to Influence a Real Life Outcome
- Develop a secret identity
- Recruit allies
- Have your allies give you quests
- Collect and activate power-ups
- Identify and defeat bad guys
Top Therapeutic Games
- SuperBetter
- Tetris
- Games in which you know another person who is playing:
Clash of Clans | Words with Friends | Candy Crush Saga
People Mentioned
Posted on: July 28, 2015.
Please check out Tribe of Mentors, my newest book, which shares short, tactical life advice from 100+ world-class performers. Many of the world's most famous entrepreneurs, athletes, investors, poker players, and artists are part of the book. The tips and strategies in Tribe of Mentors have already changed my life, and I hope the same for you. Click here for a sample chapter and full details. Roughly 90% of the guests have never appeared on my podcast.
Who was interviewed? Here's a very partial list: tech icons (founders of Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Craigslist, Pinterest, Spotify, Salesforce, Dropbox, and more), Jimmy Fallon, Arianna Huffington, Brandon Stanton (Humans of New York), Lord Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Ben Stiller, Maurice Ashley (first African-American Grandmaster of chess), Brené Brown (researcher and bestselling author), Rick Rubin (legendary music producer), Temple Grandin (animal behavior expert and autism activist), Franklin Leonard (The Black List), Dara Torres (12-time Olympic medalist in swimming), David Lynch (director), Kelly Slater (surfing legend), Bozoma Saint John (Beats/Apple/Uber), Lewis Cantley (famed cancer researcher), Maria Sharapova, Chris Anderson (curator of TED), Terry Crews, Greg Norman (golf icon), Vitalik Buterin (creator of Ethereum), and nearly 100 more. Check it all out by clicking here.


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Like many other outlets we were duped by a fake press release saying that Google had acquired wireless Internet network provider ICOA INC for $400 million.
ICOA Inc. provides Wi-Fi to high traffic public locations like airports and restaurants and because of Google's recent pursuits in fiber internet many assumed it to be true.
AllThingsD didn't buy the story, it was the first to say the report was fake via Google sources.
Don't Miss: FRAUD ALERT: Report That Google Bought A Penny-Stock Company For $400 Million Is Bogus >
Get the latest Google stock price here.


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In reality, the 'stereotypical' American Civil War, never existed. Not everyone 'North of the Mason-Dixon Line' were lovers of freedom & equality for African-Americans, neither were all Southernors ardent slave-holding secessionists. Perhaps that is one reason why the Civil War continues to generate such a fascination to both scholars and the lay public, since there were so many 'exceptions to the rule.' Certainly, the state of Pennsylvania was not exempt from this phenomenon.
Pennsylvania's divergent role in the Civil War, runs the full gambit of 'pro-Confederate personalities,' from Franklin Weirick, 'copperhead' editor of the Selinsgrove Times in Snyder County, who wrote anti-Lincoln editorials and poems throughout the conflict, to famed Rebel soldier, Wesley Culp, who died on his family farm during the 'Battle of Gettysburg' in Adams County. Many Pennsylvanian's were 'divided' across familial and ideological lines, though it was not a 'border state,' as were Kentucky, Missouri and Maryland, yet a number of its 'southern tier' counties, bordering near Maryland, such as Chester, Snyder and Union, were 'hotbeds' of pro-Southern sentiment.
Pierce Butler, a member of Philadelphia's famed 'City Troop,' had resigned in 1860, and by August of 1861 had been arrested and placed in Fort Hamilton in New York "on a charge of treason," for an attempt or at least suspicion, of supplying the Confederacy with armaments. Butler incidentally had actually owned, but sold in 1859, part of an estate on Butler Island in Georgia, containing hundreds of slaves.
In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Hall, erected in 1837 as a meeting house by Philadelphia abolitionists, was destroyed by fire through the arsonist actions of an 'anti-abolitionist' mob on May 17th, 1838, only three days after the buildings dedication.
Dislike for African-Americans was not a prejudice reserved only for Southernors (a stereotype regrettably still portrayed in today's cinema and media), as revealed by the famed 'Street car controversy' in Philadelphia, of both the ante-bellum and post-Civil War eras, wherein "Colored People" were forbidden to ride on Philadelphia street cars with 'Whites.' This controversy was aptly revealed by an editorial printed in the Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch, for as early as October 1st, 1848, entitled, 'Black and White,' declaring that,
"there is no State where the distinction of color is maintained more determinedly and assidiously than in Pennsylvania.--The whites will not in any way even assemble with the negroes...In the south--in the very hotbeds of slavery, South Carolina & Mississippi--negroes travel in the same cars and carriages with whites, and are well treated. Here, {italics added} such a thing would not be attempted by a 'gentleman of color,' or if he did essay it, he would be unceremoniously thrust out by the colorless inmates."
Neither was the politically charged idea of 'secession,' exclusively restricted or peculiar only to the 'South' or to 'Southerners' alone.
Francis Wade Hughes, of Pottsville in Schuylkill County, who served as the Chairman for the central Democratic committee of Pennsylvania, and a delegate to the 'Democratic State Convention' at Harrisburg in 1861, stated that,
"I intend offering a resolution before that Convention, that Pennsylvania secede from the Union, and join herself with the South, and leave Rhode Island and Connecticut and Massachusetts, and them d---d little petty States, to Subsist on their codfish and Plymouth Rock." (Forney's War Press, Philadelphia, PA, October 4th, 1862).
Many individuals from multi-generationally descended Pennsylvania families, nevertheless 'fought for the Confederacy' once the Civil War began. For example, John Clifford Pemberton, a Mexican-American War hero and native Philadelphian of Quaker ancestry, would resign his Federal commission, only to enlist his services and allegiance to the Confederacy, rising to the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General.
Josiah Gorgas, a native of Dauphin County, by April of 1861, had become a Major in the Confederate Army, being assigned as the 'Chief of Ordinance,' with the responsibility of supplying the Rebel Army with its needed military munitions and arms, in order to carry out its conflict with his native North. Both Pemberton & Gorgas had married Southern or Virginia women, but such marital affiliations served only as partial reasons for their alliance with the Confederacy.
During the Civil War, Lieut. Hugh H. McClune, of Co. 'C,' 135th Penn. Vols., of Lancaster County, would be tried by a court-martial, and was "cashiered" and "deprived from ever holding any office or post of honor or trust under the United States," partly because of his "uttering disloyal sentiments," while U.S. Surgeon, Levi Oberholtzer, of the 147th PA Infantry Regiment, was "dismissed with disgrace from the military service of the United States...for disloyalty to the Government."
Oberholtzer was a resident of Phoenixville, in Chester County, an area of the state which was renown for pro-Confederate sympathizers and for men who had enlisted in the Confederate Army (see, Germantown (Philadelphia) PA Telegraph, December 24, 1862; March 25, 1863; see also, Douglas R. Harper's work, IF Thee Must Fight: A Civil War History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA: Chester County Historical Society, 1990, specifically Chp.43, 'Copperheads of Chester County,' pp's.209-213)
Diaries and letter collections available at The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, written by Pennsylvania Federal or Union soldiers during the Civil War, acutely reveal the very diverse feelings which existed towards African-Americans, slavery and secession within the 'Keystone State,' as well as the wide-spread ideology of the 'copperheads,' or pro-Southern sentiments felt by many inhabitants living within the Commonwealth.
Such material as the above is only a very small 'sampling' of the rich resources available to researchers, which reveal the diverse and varied role Pennsylvanians played, during our tumultuous Civil War.
(A suggested source: Christine B. Keller, 'Keystone Confederates: Pennsylvanians Who Fought For Dixie,' in, Making & Remaking Pennsylvania's Civil War, edited by William Blair & William Pencak, University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press., 2001: pp's. 1-22, 262-266).


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Juking the ObamaCare Stats
HHS won't disclose the enrollment data that really matter.
Most of Washington seems to have bought the White House claim that the 36 federal exchanges are finally working, and glory, glory, hallelujah. But if that's really true, then what explains the ongoing secrecy and evasion?
On Wednesday the Health and Human Services Department continued its Victorian-era strip tease and allowed a glimpse into the Affordable Care Act's "enrollment" for November. Out of respect for a free press, reporters ought to boycott these releases because they're so selective that they reveal little...


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I love condiments and dipping sauces, and I love dipping juicy, plump prawns into a delicious sauce therefore Prawn Cocktail, for me, is an absolute favourite. So when I was trying to come up with a starter for our New Years Eve Party I decided to do Prawn (or Shrimp) Cocktail – except since it was New Year's Eve, I decided to go all out and do a Prawn Cocktail Trio!
You see for me (and everyone in the UK), Prawn Cocktail is served with a creamy Marie Rose Sauce which is a combination of Mayonnaise and Tomato Ketchup and is rich and absolutely delicious. But then I discovered the American style of Prawn Cocktail which misses out the Mayonnaise and instead uses some Chilli Sauce and Horseradish – how can you not love that!?! And then, I recently was given a Mexican Cookbook which featured a Mexican style Coctel and I had to try that! So the trio was created and I have to say, it was the best way to enjoy Prawn Cocktail!
The quantities are small since it was for a starter – each cocktail was pretty much bite size, which worked really well with the meal, however you can easily double the recipe for a more substantial sized portion. These made enough for 10 people with some of the sauces left over. I also cut the prawns up rather than serving whole prawns as you usually would, but again that was just due to the fact these were bite sized. If you prefer keep the prawns whole.
{This is the same recipe as previously posted as my Prawns with Spicy Dipping Sauce, the quantities have just been halved for this dish.}
1 heaped tbsp prepared horseradish
Good squeeze of lemon juice
½ tsp Worcestershire sauce
35-40 peeled, cooked & de-veined prawns
Fresh parsley to serve (optional)
10 Appetizer style spoons (Chinese soup spoons)
Mix the sauce ingredients together in a small bowl and taste to check it is to your liking. Adjust as necessary then set aside.
Reserve 10 prawns then cut the remaining ones prawns into 2 or 3 pieces (optional – see above)and put in a bowl. Spoon over enough of the sauce to coat the prawns without being too much! Keep any left over sauce in the fridge.
When ready to serve simply put some of the prawns onto each spoon then top with 1 of the reserved whole prawns.
3 tbsp tomato ketchup
25-30 peeled, cooked and de-veined prawns (roughly 2-3 per person)
Mix all of the sauce ingredients together in a small bowl. Taste to check the seasoning and whether it needs any extra lemon and adjust as needed.
Cut the prawns into 2 or 3 pieces (optional – see above)and put in a bowl. Spoon over enough of the sauce to thickly coat the prawns without being too much! Keep any left over sauce in the fridge.
When ready to serve put an individual lettuce leaf on each plate then top with a good spoonful of the prawn mixture. Finish with a light sprinkling of extra cayenne pepper and if you like a wedge of lemon.
Mexican Prawn Coctel
I adapted this recipe from the book, Mexican Food Made Simple by Thomasina Miers. The sauce is similar to a Bloody Mary or Caesar but with a bit more oomph! It is therefore perfect served in individual shot glasses to end the trio.
125ml tomato juice
juice of ½ orange, freshly squeezed
juice of 1 lime
2 tsp grenadine
2 tsp Worcestershire sauce
1 tsp Tabasco
salt and pepper
1 tbsp Tequila
1 avocado
¼ English cucumber
2 spring onions, finely chopped
4 cherry tomatoes, quartered
½ jalapeno chilli, finely chopped (or if you like it hot use ½ habanero or Scotch Bonnet)
2 tbsp coriander, finely chopped, plus extra leaves for garnish
30 peeled, cooked and de-veined prawns
Start by making the sauce by combining everything together in a jug. Taste to check the balance of flavours and adjust if necessary to suit your tastes. Keep in the fridge until needed.
Cut the avocado in half and remove the stone, then finely chop the avocado flesh and pop into a bowl. Cut the piece of cucumber in half lengthwise and using a teaspoon remove the seeds and discard. Cut each piece of cucumber into 4 pieces lengthwise then finely chop. Add to the bowl with the avocado then add the finely chopped spring onions, tomatoes, chilli and coriander. Give everything a mix then cut the prawns into 2 or 3 pieces and add to the avocado and cucumber mix. Pour over enough sauce then spoon the mixture into 10 shot glasses. If needed top up with a little extra of the sauce. Serve garnished with an extra coriander leaf and if you like a wedge of lime. Delicious!


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copyright, Dan Winters
This personality-filled, personality portrait of the Governator from Dan's book Periodical Photographs was created with 2 light sources.
Camera: Sinar F1 4×5 camera with Schneider 210mm lens and Kodak Portra 160 NC negative film, set on a tripod 8 feet back. Shot at 1/60, f22, ISO 80 (pulled 1 stop).
Lighting: The beauty of all Dan's images lies in his signature, simple lighting. The key light here is a large octabank at f22 six feet to camera right. An on-camera ring flash at f11 adds just enough punch to open the shadows.
Comments: While Arnold was blowing this big league-sized bubble, the producer asked him how many fish tacos he wanted for lunch.


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At first The Ides of March seems like one of those self-indulgent political movies in which a group of left-leaning screenwriters get together and live out their fantasies of beating the Republicans at their own game, saving the country in the process. It could have been that movie. It almost is that movie, with George Clooney playing the perfect, principled candidate who says all the right things. In fact, early on it is that movie. Most of the truly great moments in the first half of Ides come from simply watching Clooney be presidential. Even if you don't agree with what he's saying, you'll find yourself swept up in it, rooting for him, convinced that this is exactly the kind of guy our country has needed all along.
But then Ides of March becomes something else.
Actually, that's not entirely accurate. A statement like the one above implies that Ides of March changes its mind about the kind of movie it wants to be halfway through, and that's not true at all. What really happens is that it begins to reveal the kind of movie it's been all along.
The movie's actually about Stephen Myers, played by Ryan Gosling. Myers is second in command on Clooney's campaign staff, and only 30-years-old. Though he's young for the job, Myers is there because he's good, and because as he puts it "he's already seen more of the campaign trail then most men twice his age." He thinks that makes him just like all the other older, hard-bitten cynics playing the political game, but he isn't. At least not yet.
See Ides of March is actually about growing up. I'm not talking about the kind of growing up you do by simply getting older and greyer, or by having kids and putting up a picket fence, or even through experience. I'm talking about giving up.
That time comes for everyone and believe me, if you're reading this and swearing it won't, then it'll especially come for you. When you're young you think you can do anything. The world is yours, you can change it, you can fix it, you can remake it in your own image. At some point everyone, and I do mean everyone, has to accept that you can't change it, it isn't yours, and no matter how much you may think you're above it, some day you'll have to take your place in it.
Ides of March is about a man accepting that change, a movie about the extreme circumstances which make him face it, and what he finally does when he realizes there's no way to escape it.
Though it's a story told within the world of politics, March isn't really political at all. It's about something bigger and more deeply cynical. It's about the kind of damage that growing up can do to the human soul. To get there writer/director George Clooney has crafted a movie that's talky and intense, built on the bedrock of brilliant ensemble performances from his cast. There will be better movies released this year, but maybe none more sophisticated and shrewd.


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Lewis Hamilton looks set to sign a new deal with Mercedes before the end of the year.
Motorsport boss Toto Wolff confirmed earlier this week his team have commenced talks with Hamilton about an extension to his contract that runs through to the end of 2015.
Just over a week ago, Nico Rosberg announced he had put pen to paper on a new contract that is understood to expire at the end of 2016.
Now the team are eager to tie up Hamilton long term, despite the fact Sebastian Vettel and Fernando Alonso's current agreements with Red Bull and Ferrari respectively both expire after next season.
On Thursday at the Hungaroring, Vettel, in particular, made reference to the possibility of joining Mercedes in the future, unsurprising as they have usurped Red Bull as the dominant force in Formula One.
Despite Vettel's remarks, and Alonso's own situation, Hamilton is relaxed about matters.
With the 29-year-old firmly in the title hunt, heading into this weekend's Hungarian Grand Prix with a 14-point deficit to Rosberg, he knows he is on to a good thing and has no intention of ending it.
"I'm very relaxed to be honest. I still have a contract to the end of next year, a year and a half to put pen to paper, so I'm not concerned, " said Hamilton.
"Ultimately if the team wanted someone else in the car, that's their decision. I'm not going to whinge about it. I don't have any feelings about it.
"There will always be a place for every driver and what will be will be, but I feel like I'm very much part of the family here.
"I'm not nagging Toto or Paddy (Lowe, executive technical director) into getting something done because I have faith in them and hopefully they have faith in me.
"I think I would wish to continue with them and hopefully they want to do the same with me.
"We have a very good open relationship and I've said to them they would be the first to know if I was looking to speak to anyone else.
"But then I've said there wouldn't be because I want to speak to them.
"We've talked about having a chat at some stage, but I think they're quite relaxed as well, as far as I'm aware."
Asked of Hamilton whether he felt something could happen this year, he replied: "I imagine something will happen this year, but now's not the time to really focus on that.
"I've made it clear to them I'm not out to see what else there is for me.
"Mercedes has been my family since I started F1 and I don't see that changing any time soon."
Hamilton's immediate concern is ensuring the gap to Rosberg does not widen further this weekend, and that he heads into F1's summer break on a high.
Rosberg's win in Germany on Sunday, with Hamilton third from 20th on the grid following a crash in qualifying, has again provided him with an edge.
But Hamilton has made the Hungaroring his own since entering F1 in 2007, claiming four pole positions and four wins in seven attempts.
"I should have won six times!" added Hamilton.
"The year Jenson won (in 2011 for McLaren) I didn't win through my own mistake, and the year before the suspension broke, but it's been a good track for me.
"I just generally love it, it's an old classic circuit and they don't make them like this any more.
"There's a lot of braking and that's where I gain my time generally. You do have to throw the car around more."
That may not help Hamilton too much given he is still suffering with back pain following the 30g impact sustained following his sideways shunt into a tyre barrier at the Hockenheimring.
Hamilton has since had acupuncture and physiotherapy, but is happy he will be able to get through the weekend that follows hot on the heels of what unfolded in Germany.
"I'm on the mend, I'll be okay," said Hamilton.
"My fitness level is as high as it really can be and the car is easy enough. I managed in the last race and I'm better now.
"I'm looking forward to the race and then the break. If I can close up the gap at all this weekend then that would be a huge positive going into it, and also the second half of the season when it's time to attack."
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Plenty for Hawks fans to roar about
The Blackhawks were focused on a good start, but nobody could have predicted this.
The Hawks are still without a loss in regulation (19-0-3), own a nine-game winning streak and, perhaps most impressive, a 17-point lead on both Detroit and St. Louis in the Central Division.
If the Hawks get at least 1 point Tuesday against Minnesota, they would own the second-longest point streak in NHL history at 29 games dating back to last season.
The only team left ahead of them would be the 1979-80 Philadelphia Flyers, who went 35 games without a loss.
This is certainly rare air in which the Hawks find themselves. And every team is gunning for them.
"We know now every time we step on the ice the other teams really, really want to beat us, and that's good for us to have that challenge," defenseman Johnny Oduya said. "We know we've got to be at our best and if we're not we're going to lose. Just keeping that short notice and staying in the moment is important."
Wednesday's game against Colorado at the United Center marks the official halfway point of the season, which has been filled with drama and late goals for the Hawks, who show no signs of letting up.
"We still have yet to play our best 60 minutes so I think that's pretty fun too, knowing that we have that ahead of us," winger Patrick Kane said.
"Getting key contributions from a lot of players has helped," defenseman Duncan Keith said. "When you have that depth everything is easier. It's a group effort and a team effort."
Most valuable player:
Since goalies Corey Crawford (10-0-3) and Ray Emery (9-0-0) cancel themselves out because of their superior play, who else but Kane?
Kane has points in 18 of the Hawks' 22 games, including a team-leading 11 goals, but it's defensively where he has made his most noticeable improvement.
Kane is a plus-10, which ties him for best mark on the team, and is second on the Hawks with 23 takeaways.
"I think I've gotten better at it over the years just by watching guys like (Marian) Hossa, Johnny (Toews) and even (Pavel) Datsyuk," said Kane. "I think it's something guys pride themselves on, looking at the stat sheet after the game and seeing the takeaways column. It can be good for our offense too."
Most underrated player:
On a team with Duncan Keith and Brent Seabrook, defenseman Niklas Hjalmarsson often gets overlooked.
But Hjalmarsson is plus-8 and is tied with Seabrook for the team lead in blocked shots with 53. Hjalmarsson and partner Oduya have played so well it has allowed coach Joel Quenneville to cut back on the minutes of Keith and Seabrook.
"I think we have three really good D-pairings here this year,"Hjalmarsson said. "We can pretty much put any of the three pairs out there. I think all of us in the back have been contributing to the team and have played real solid so far."
Best performance:
Emery's 45-save game in Calgary on Feb. 2 stands by itself.
Emery saved the Hawks on a night they should have lost, but thanks to him and a late goal in regulation by Hossa, they won 3-2 in a shootout.
"That was criminal," Quenneville said of Emery's effort. "We should all be wearing masks after that."
Q tips:
With a condensed schedule thank to a short 48-game season, managing days off has been a key to the Hawks' success.
Quenneville has always been good at this, but this season he has taken his knowledge and understanding of what the players need to a new level.
Best game:
The game in Detroit on Sunday was played at a playoff-like pace and featured a bit of everything, from great goaltending by Crawford and Jimmy Howard to the drama of Kane's late power-play goal that made it 1-1.
"An amazing game," Quenneville said. "What a pace."
Most improved player:
Marcus Kruger has taken his game to another level.
Not only does he have 3 goals and 4 assists playing on the fourth line, but he has teamed with Michal Frolik to give the Hawks a third pair of forwards who are aggressive, dangerous and dependable as penalty killers.
Most respected player:
There isn't a player in the dressing room that doesn't look up to Hossa.
"The ultimate pro," as Quenneville has called him, Hossa appeared in the 1,000th game of his career on Sunday in Detroit and there wasn't a teammate who didn't want to win it for him.
The Hawks will honor Hossa on Tuesday for the 1,000 games with everyone wearing No. 81 jerseys in warmups with Hossa's name on the back.
"It couldn't happen to a better guy," Toews said.
• Follow Tim's hockey reports on Twitter @TimSassone and check out his Between the Circles blog at dailyherald.com.


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Founded in March 1945, the League of Arab States (or Arab League) is a loose confederation of twenty-two Arab nations, including Palestine, whose broad mission is to improve coordination among its members on matters of common interest. The League was chartered in response to concerns about postwar colonial divisions of territory as well as strong opposition to the emergence of a Jewish state in Palestine, but it has long been criticized for disunity and poor governance. Critics also say it has traditionally been more representative of its various autocratic regimes than of Arab citizens.
The organization had the opportunity to advance social interests with the push for Palestinian statehood at the UN and the unrest in many Arab countries in 2011. Some critics see positive developments in the League's actions in Libya, where it supported a no-fly zone and the ouster of Muammar al-Qaddafi, and in Syria, where it orchestrated a fact-finding mission to observe the conflict and called on President Bashar al-Assad to step down after months of deadly clashes with protesters.
A League of Their Own
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According to its charter, the founding members of the Arab League (Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, and Yemen) agreed to seek "close cooperation" on matters of economics, communication, culture, nationality, social welfare, and health. They renounced violence for the settlement of conflicts between members and empowered League offices to mediate in such disputes, as well as in those with non-members. Signatories agreed to collaborate in military affairs; this accord was strengthened with a 1950 pact committing members to treat acts of aggression on any member state as an act against all.
The charter established the Arab League headquarters in Cairo, created a permanent General Secretariat, and scheduled sessions to meet biannually, or at the request of two members in extraordinary circumstances. A formal commitment to international human rights law entered League conventions in 2004 (it was ratified in 2008) when some members adopted the Arab Charter on Human Rights.
The charter has an annex on the issue of Palestine. It affirms Palestinian independence and states that "even though the outward signs of this independence have remained veiled as a result of force majeure," an Arab delegate from Palestine should "participate in [the League's] work until this country enjoys actual independence."
The Arab League has no mechanism to compel members' compliance with its resolutions, a void that has led critics like NYU Associate Professor Mohamad Bazzi to describe the organization as a "glorified debating society." The charter states that decisions reached by a majority "shall bind only those [states] that accept them," which places a premium on national sovereignty and limits the League's ability to take collective action. While some actions are taken under the aegis of the Arab League, they are executed only by a small faction. Bazzi says, "During the Lebanese civil war, the Arab League had limited success trying to help negotiate a peace, but in the end it was the individual powers, in this case Syria and Saudi Arabia, that helped end the conflict by convening the Taif Agreement. Technically it was under League auspices, but it was really Saudi Arabia and Syria as the driving force."
A Pan-Arab Pedigree
The concept of an integrated Arab polity based on shared culture and historical experience, which is at the heart of the Arab League's charter, dates to the Islamic caliphates under the disciples of Mohammed. Modern pan-Arabism, or Arab nationalism, arose in opposition to Ottoman rule and nineteenth-century attempts to impose the Turkic language and culture on Arab subjects. During World War I, the Sharif of Mecca led an Arab revolt against the Ottomans in concert with British forces. The British government assured Arabs their support would be rewarded with the establishment of an independent state. However, a separate Anglo-French accord signed in 1916, known as the Sykes-Picot Agreement, betrayed this plan and carved up Arab lands into respective spheres of influence.
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During World War II, the British once again pledged "full support" for Arab unity. This policy was expressed by Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden in his Mansion House speech in May 1941. Encouraged by the news, Arab leaders embarked on negotiations for a pan-Arab union that would bolster support for the Arabs of Palestine. The process culminated in 1944 with the Alexandria Protocol, the document that laid plans for the Arab League. In 1948, five nations of the newly formed regional body took up arms against the state of Israel following its declaration of independence. The conflict marked the first major action of the League and the first of several bloody conflicts between Arab and Israeli forces over the future of Palestine.
The resulting Arab defeat, known as the Nakba or "catastrophe," was a defining moment. In his 1996 book Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, Charles D. Smith writes, "Many, especially of the younger generation, saw Israel's existence as symbolic of Arab humiliation at the hands of a superior power relying on Western technology that they were denied. Here there existed a desire for revenge coupled with the fear of Israeli military might and possible future expansion."
The Palestinian issue continues to be a catalyst for collective Arab action. The League emphasized the importance of the Palestinian cause in 1964 with the establishment of the Palestinian Liberation Order, whose charter states "the liberation of Palestine, from an Arab viewpoint, is a national duty." Following another significant defeat by the Israelis in 1967, the League issued the Khartoum Resolution, often remembered for its three "nos": "no peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiations with it." The Arab League has maintained an official boycott of Israeli goods and companies since 1948, but measuring the effects of the ban is difficult due to lax enforcement and limited trade flows.
Still, policies toward the Jewish nation did not develop uniformly. These postures, as well as relations with one another, were shaped by factors including individual territorial ambitions, evolving Cold War alliances, and inter-Arab rivalries.
Seeds of Conflict
After WWII, the pan-Arab project gained its most charismatic champion in Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser, but several critical international developments over the following decades exposed the limits of League solidarity. The decline of British and French colonial empires and the emergence of a bipolar Cold War altered the architecture of power in the region. Inter-Arab antagonisms, the strategic implications of Mideast oil, and a U.S. policy of Soviet containment provided ample seeds of conflict for the newly formed League.
Under Nasser's leadership, Arab nationalism reached new heights. Nasser's ascent to power in 1952, in the Arab world's first military coup, was seen as a victory against Western imperialism and an inspiration to other Arab states. Still, the pan-Arabism project suffered several setbacks under his reign. The brief political union of Egypt and Syria, known as the United Arab Republic, fell apart after only three years (1958-1961). The outbreak of civil war in Yemen in 1962 deteriorated into a disastrous eight-year proxy battle between Egyptian and Saudi-backed forces. Even Palestine proved to be a source of contention as Arab League members vied to assert control over the PLO. "Arab politics were more chaotic than at any point in modern history. Nasser's revolution promised unity—but delivered fragmentation and discord," wrote Michael Scott Doran in Foreign Affairs in 2011.
Perhaps the most pivotal event of the period was Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal in 1956. The ensuing crisis, while perceived as a victory for Nasser in the Arab world, convinced the Eisenhower administration to pursue a proactive role in the Middle East, and primed the region for Cold War polarization. Washington provided economic and military assistance, primarily to Israel, to counter similar flows of Soviet assistance to Egypt, Iraq, and Syria. This arms race culminated in the Six-Day War (1967), a defeat for Arab armies that included the Israeli occupation of the remnants of Arab Palestine.
The decision by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat to open unilateral peace negotiations with Israel in 1979 further underscored Arab divisions. As a result, Egypt was suspended from the Arab League (but was readmitted in 1989).
An Opportunity for Reform
The Arab League continues to struggle with disunity and dysfunction, and critics question whether the organization has any relevance in its current form. Though it achieved notable consensus over the Saudi-sponsored Arab Peace Initiative in 2002, the League failed to coordinate its policy over both the 1990-1991 Gulf War and the 2003 Iraq War.
Interviews conducted by al-Jazeera in 2009 illustrated the Arab public's frustration with the organization. "If we are to measure competence in terms of results and achievements," said a twenty-four-year old Syrian, "then the Arab League is not competent simply because they have not achieved anything." Even the League's secretary-general, Nabil al-Araby, joined the chorus of criticism in September 2011, describing the organization as "impotent."
The Arab revolts throughout the Middle East and North Africa in 2011 offered the League a new opportunity to reform. Some critics see the appointment of al-Araby as a step toward this end. In a 2011 interview with CFR, Shadi Hamid of the Brookings Institution said, "Here is someone who is more in tune with Arab public opinion, who is respected among Arab activists, protestors, and members of the opposition. He's not someone who is a stooge of the regime by any stretch of the imagination. All of this suggests that the Arab League is changing."
After rare action to topple Qaddafi in 2011, the Arab League turned its focus to the conflict in Syria. It suspended Syrian membership in November 2011, brokered an ill-fated peace agreement with the Assad regime, and, for the first time in its history, assembled a team of observers to monitor the implementation of its plan. Frustrated with a lack of compliance by Syria, the Arab League officially called for Assad to step down in January 2012 and requested a resolution from the UN Security Council to support this proposal. The Arab League eventually recognized the Syrian opposition as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people, but Assad regime allies in the organization such as Iraq, Lebanon, and Algeria blocked the oppositions' full assumption of the role.
Tensions between Sunni and Shia Muslims, exacerbated by wars in Syria and Iraq, are creating new fissures among Arabs. Sunni leaders largely snubbed a 2012 summit in Baghdad, reflecting their rejection of a Shia-led Iraq with close ties to Iran. Those who did attend traded barbs during their speeches, dashing an opportunity to foster closer between Iraq and its Sunni-majority neighbors. Even as the Arab League condemns the Sunni extremist group known as ISIS, and Sunni powers such as Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Jordan, and the United Arab Emirates launch air strikes on the terrorist organization, few Arab countries are willing to coordinate efforts with the Iraqi government. Iraq, for its part, has invited Iranian military advisers and deployed Tehran-funded Shia militias in its battle against ISIS.
Many mideast experts say the Arab League is likely to improve little on its record of collective action until members agree to sacrifice some sovereignty and comply with resolutions. And until democracy is the mainstay of the Arab world, the League will continue to struggle with issues of legitimacy.


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We did not, and do not, propose that 'most of the fossils found on the earth were buried by post-Flood catastrophes'.
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Answers in Genesis is an apologetics ministry, dedicated to helping Christians defend their faith and proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ.


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Imagine the future where Givingaway.org intelengently spins the world's economy! The future where all used goods are given directly to needy people for free and Givers are restored for them toward new similar purchases [patent pending]. Such future doesn't exist without Givingaway and You can become a part of it. Mistakenly, we believe that future is gadgets and spacecrafts. If so, that apple and google would be our future. Or our past?
GIVINGAWAY is a new way to exchange used items and purchase new ones. It does not have barriers or frontiers; the world is our platform and "true givers" are our community. We are constantly replacing or upgrading our items. What's a valuable thing today by tomorrow becomes an out fashioned. Why to toss it when you can give to someone who can actually use it? And best part is that we will restore you for that! Why to suffer when relocating to another country by carrying your old belongings with you? It´d not be greater just grab your suitcases instead?
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We bring the word "volunteer" to the next level; make some money with us!


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2014 Feb Highlights
Once a month, we highlight departments, programs, and committees from
across the college that have great things happening motivated by a
desire to improve student learning.
February 2014
This month's issue of HIGHLIGHTS features departmental SLO webpages and assessment reflections from webmasters. Each department, service, and now administrative unit has an outcome webpage, with a uniform design, housing an easy to navigate description of the unit's assessment practices, timelines, assessment progress reports, course, program, service, or unit outcomes, program mapping, and additional assessment resources. Instructional SLO pages were the first to be developed (and are featured below), followed by Student Service Outcome pages, and lastly Adminstrative Unit Outcome pages are under development.
A thematic strand in both webmaster's narrative is the way a Departmental Assessment webpage functions richly as a discussion springboard and resource for faculty.
"The English SLO site brings new accountability and pride to our
department, and it brings more members of our extremely large
department into active participation."
Craig Kleinman, English faculty & SLO webmaster
Assessment was . . .
Assessment is not a new concept in the English Department, but the definition of assessment has gone through a critical evolution. Developing and maintaining our SLO site plays a vital role in our academic responsibilities, providing new ways to understand, contextualize, and build upon assessment to improve student success. Until recently "assessment" was almost synonymous with
- Grading
- Course placement
- Grammar/vocabulary comprehension scores
However, a critical shift in departmental culture arose with the first English 94 (now 93) common assessment, a process that enabled us to begin norming our sequence from the middle out. This made a distinction between assessment and evaluation, for the results could be used to analyze the broader issues of our curriculum, sequence, and outcomes, not just the scores of individual students. Portfolio learning and assessment became the norm in the lower-level composition courses as a way to reflect upon our pedagogical practices, and that assessment process eventually played into how we have reconstructed our course sequence, integrated reading and writing, and re-conceptualized our learning outcomes. As documented on our SLO site, assessment takes place in a variety of forms at different levels, continuing to evolve our notions of teaching and learning in the context of CCSF's students' needs and the college's mission. Arguably, our accelerated course pathway might not have flourished so quickly had the shift from evaluation to assessment not begun years ago, resulting in major curricular changes.
Assessment is . . .
The English SLO site brings new accountability and pride to our department, and it brings more members of our extremely large department into active participation. The SLO work helps make assessment present and alive, more organic, launching ongoing conversations about what we need to do in our programs and in our courses--and why:
- What does it mean to read or write well?
- In what context do reading and writing take place?
- What exactly is being assessed?
- What is the meaning of a particular writing or reading assessment, or even an English attitudinal survey, in the context of learning outcomes, departmental goals, program outcomes, and the college's mission?
- What's the next step?
Our concurrent assessment practices, intensified and made more comprehensive over the past few years, help us see the bigger institutional picture in which assessment exists, a picture in which we are not alone in the process, a picture in which we are no longer caught in isolated, scoring rituals but always reflecting critically and considering new ways to understand and articulate college readiness, curricular context, and desired learning outcomes for students. Assessment is a dynamic process, a process seen in the context of institutional coherence, cohesion, and functionality. This site plays a small yet critical role in that process and the always-evolving machinations and joys of teaching and learning at CCSF.
"This page supports our SLO efforts by providing links to new
teaching strategies and technologies, fostering innovative ways to
improve student outcomes. . ."
Sheri Miraglia, Biology faculty and SLO Co-Webmaster
The Biology Department SLO Webpages have been a collaborative effort between Simon Hanson and Sheri Miraglia. One of the best things about this collaborative process is that it has stimulated numerous discussions about our department, the SLO process, and how we can best serve the needs of our students. The site does need routine maintenance every semester to stay current, and we have found that sharing this responsibility makes sense for a large academic department such as ours.
Our SLO webpage includes regular updates on our courses, our process and highlights from past semesters that describe how the SLO process has improved course assessment and student learning. A highlight of creating the site was the development of a supporting page entitled: "Teaching Resources". It made sense to have a webpage dedicated to the pedagogy of teaching Biology. This page supports our SLO efforts by providing links to new teaching strategies and technologies, fostering innovative ways to improve student outcomes in the Biological Sciences.


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Could Remington Steele Get a Sequel?
Oct 10, 2013 10:06 AM EDT
NBC is giving Remington Steele the reboot treatment. The network is developing a half-hour comedy that will act as a sequel to the 1980s series that starred Pierce Brosnan, Deadline reports. The sequel, which will also be tit… Read more


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A blog about the art of writing and the writing business. Writing for the soul and writing to be paid.
Friday, September 15, 2006
Writing a novel
What's your biggest obstacle in writing a novel? When writing a novel?
Mine has almost always been word count. That is, getting to the 100,000 or so words. Finishing the darn thing. I've done it, but it always was the biggest struggle.
Why am I mentioning this? Why now? Because I've just realized that I've actually written a novel length amount of words in the past three months. Three months! But it wasn't a novel.
Never mind. I wrote five days a week, a few hours a day and managed to produce around 100,000 words. Ha! All because I had to. Because I had deadlines. Because it's been my freaking job!
So what's the trick? How can I apply that to my fiction writing? Well, that's an easy answer, isn't it? It is something we all know the answer to even if we pretend we don't. Discipline. Treating writing as work. Making oneself write.
I have a good writer friend that might disagree with me, and I used to think the same way, but now I think I've changed my mind again.
In any event, I'll tell you in three months if I managed to apply this lesson to my fiction writing. Meanwhile, I was wondering, is that really the most common obstacle among novel writers?
Now, if I feel like it, I might tell you what I was up to the past couple of weeks. Might even include a picture or two! Depending on how quiet my weekend is and how much time I have left after cleaning the house. Plus, I really miss you all and desperately want to visit you :)
Categories: writing, novel, fiction, process, work
18 comments:
- redchurch said...
The hardest thing for me is getting scenes that I am happy with, and putting them in an order I'm happy with.
Writing is secondary to that, because if I'm not happy with the scenes or the arrangement then I will write 10 drafts in vain. I like writing, but not THAT much!
- 16 September, 2006 02:14
- rdl said...
I was so happy to see that little asterik after your name this morning on my blogroll. I actually was thinking about you this morning before I got up and was thinking of mailing you, now i don't have to. You sound fine, like the ole Melly. :)
- 16 September, 2006 08:38
- fred charles said...
My biggest obstacle, frankly, is me. I procrastinate like crazy. If I could just get into a solid routine, I would be okay but something always seems to "come up" and prevent me from writing.
- 16 September, 2006 09:51
- Melly said...
Eric, I'm not sure what you meant. Do you mean the "content" of the scene? Plotting? Or am I way off base here?
rdl, honey, thanks so much. It's nice to know I have peopel who keep tabs on me out there :)
Fred, that's exactly what I was trying to get at. From a different place perhaps, but the same result. And now, that I had to, I seemed to have found the time to write, not fiction, but I wish I could do the same with fiction.
Hey, good to hear from you all :) :) :)
- 16 September, 2006 10:21
- Deborah said...
I write every day, but it's not always my novel. Most of the time, the paying jobs (writing and otherwise) come first. Other times, it's the procrastination battle.
I'm glad you're back, Melly. I checked out your other blog and was relieved to find you writing on there. You've been busy! :) What genre is your novel?
- 16 September, 2006 12:28
- still looking for the horizon said...
hey , im a 14 year old girl who wishes to become a writer and I happen to hav e started a blog of my writing today, if your interested...
well, just check it out if you want to!
- 17 September, 2006 17:31
- jack said...
I find reaching the word count relatively easy. It's sorting the words out once they're on the page that's difficult for me. ;)
- 18 September, 2006 04:00
- Kathleen Bolton said...
400 ms pages ain't the problem for me....it's getting to 400 pages that are decent. :-(
- 18 September, 2006 08:59
- Melly said...
Deborah, I've been busy indeed :)
The latest novel I've just started is mainstream. I can't even believe it myself, but it is.
still looking, I'll try to come over and take a look soon. It's great that you want to be a writer. Good luck!
Oh, Jack. The sorting. Or should I say editing? Or is it not a word to be mentioned? ;)
Kathleen, decent? Well, who cares about that really?! (Just kiddin' of course :)
- 18 September, 2006 11:06
- redchurch said...
Mel said,
"Eric, I'm not sure what you meant. Do you mean the "content" of the scene? Plotting? Or am I way off base here?"
Both the events (plot, I guess) and the emotional conflict between the characterss or their environment.
Each scene must have a thesis, if you want to call it that. And each of those build to form the meta-thesis of the overall story.
If a scene doesn't have a point, or doesn't contribute to the overall story, it's a waste of both my time as the writer, and the time of the reader if I were to let that kind of fluffy, meandering nonsense fill my story.
It's hard to create in a way that only results in pure content, and no fluff or filler. To me that's the hardest aspect of storytelling.
- 18 September, 2006 16:25
- Melly said...
I totally understand. I deleted more than 5 chapters on my last novel. They were "good writing," I think, but didn't advance the plot. At all!
So yeah.
- 18 September, 2006 18:32
- michaelm said...
I think Woody Allen said that sometimes the secret of success is just showing up. I like to think that works with my writing.
Cool on the novel. I'm in the middle of my memoir.
I'm looking at @70,000 words.
So far I'm only up to @22,000. Sheesh, I've got a long way to go.
Great to see you back posting as the old Melly.
Though I'm thinking you've changed a bit since going through your latest ordeal.
Hope it all works out.
- 20 September, 2006 08:59
- Melly said...
Memoirs? How cool is that!
And you're right, or Woody was right - showing up. I'm not sure I always do, but it sounds to me like you do.
And thanks Michael.
I was wondering, how is it that you think I've changed? You can email me if this conversation is too personal :)
- 20 September, 2006 12:40
- Nienke said...
A big obstacle for me is that I'm tired of writing by the end of the day because I write all day for a living. However, I'm also plagued by the 'fear.' That, being the fear of not being good enough. I think that's a big one for many writers, although I'm not sure they even realize it.
Which brings us back to the topic of writers block. Self-inflicted I guess. (I know you don't believe in it...)
- 21 September, 2006 15:13
- Edie said...
nienke, oh boy, can i relate... ...never quite feels like i'm good enough.
Glad you're back Melly.
- 22 September, 2006 11:53
- Melly said...
Ah, Nienke, The Fear. The beast everyone talks about, but no one ever really talks about. It's so personal. I relate! More than you know.
Edie, good to see you :)
We can all relate to that, unfortunately. I wonder if it ever goes away, even if you're a successful writer...
- 22 September, 2006 17:20
Believe me, writing 100,000 words is the easy part!! Once you've achieved that goal, then that's when the real writing starts: writing is re-writing! The re-writing stage is where the story is actually written, and this is why a lot of amateur writer's don't make it - you have to shrug off laziness and embrace persistence, that' the ultimate goal.
- 07 December, 2006 08:09
Actually, the hardest part for me is keeping the novel under 150,000 words! I have so much plot thought out for most of my novels that it ends up being far too long! Also, if you procrastinate a lot, the re-writing stage is the most difficult step in the writing process.
- 28 March, 2008 04:56


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Browsing: Shrink tubing
Oppenheimer NZ Ltd
At Oppenheimer NZ, we have been trading in New Zealand since 1915 and are proud to have served the market leaders in the New Zealand food industry for over 100 years.
We import and distribute quality ingredient and packaging products and technologies to the food industry and represent leading overseas companies in these fields.
We believe in enabling our customers to source the best products for their applications without compromising service or quality. We are committed to working with our customers to provide new product technology, development, innovation and service of the highest standards.
General Manager
Robert Wala
Robert Wala
National Sales Manager
Jeff Orsbourn
Jeff Orsbourn
1A Quadrant Drive
Wellington 5045
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Postal Address
PO Box 38327
Wellington Mail Centre
Wellington 5045
New Zealand


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They say that you can get "an academically sound qualification which is highly valued internationally", but who is it that values their qualifications this much? There's quite a lot of advertising puffery on the site, but I didn't come away feeling particularly impressed.
Some employers won't even look at you with an online qualification, no one is asking for them, and it is clear that the qualification that gets people jobs is the CELTA, with Trinity as the junior partner. This site also offers the CELTA, and their teaching operation is recognised, so they're probably one of the better ones, but online qualifications offer restricted employment and earning potential. If your friend gets the CELTA, they can work pretty much anywhere and apply for any job, except university and specialist work. If they get the online qualification, they can't. It's a false economy to me- if they want to have a chance of getting reasonable jobs, then get what the employers want.
English Teacher


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Responsive WordPress Theme DW Fixel – An innovative theme for personal blog and portfolio site.
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The theme supports:
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* Tweak: Allow to remove the empty block on SocialWall page.
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= 1.0.6 =
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= 1.0.5 =
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* Tweak: Update language files.
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* Fix: Conflict in javascript.
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* Tweak: Set post thumbnail for video's featured image.
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= 1.0.2 =
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6 Epimedium Leaf Photos
he time is now! You still have a short window in November. They are on sale and we should still have a few nice planting days left. And frankly, even if we don't, they are easy enough to plant even on a cold day in early November.
Here are a few of my bulb planting related to 6 Epimedium Leaf Photos tips:
* Remember to plant bulbs in groupings instead of rows. Dig a large flat hole and spread bulbs around, pointy side up, then cover bulbs gently with soil.
* Remember that bulbs need the nutrients from their leaves even after the blooms start to fade. Leave the leaves to yellow and die back naturally to feed the plants for next years' bloom.
* Planting them properly is important. Refer to a chart that shows which planting depths each bulb needs.
* Think about bulbs other than the tulip. Narcissus Daffodils are bright and cheery in the spring, squirrels don't like them and I find their foliage not as prominent as they have to die back in spring as other plants come alive.
* Alliums are my personal favorite. I love the colours - the different shades of purple and blue that they come in. They also come in a variety of sizes both in height and flower size. You can definitely stagger the bloom time in your garden with these bulbs. Also being a bulb in the onion family, the squirrels are not a fan of these flowers either.
* Crocus is another choice. Not as showy as some of the others but a nice cheery flower to see early in the garden, commonly as the snow melts. These are best placed at the front of the garden or near your front walkway due to their short stature. Perfect for a high traffic area where you can best enjoy their early blooms.
* If you really love tulips, go for it. Again, plant them close to the house and/or walkways so you can best see their blooms and keep an eye on the squirrels at the same time.
* Create a small cutting garden area. Plant a few groupings of tulip bulbs in a sunny spot in the backyard and when they bloom in the spring you can cut them and bring them into the house. Since tulips require you to leave the foliage to die back naturally in order to 'feed' the bulbs for next year, you would have to replace these bulbs every year. The cutting garden would also enable you to plant some unusual varieties that you won't find at your florists.
Feel free to download the Images under 6 Epimedium Leaf Photos content for free. Suport us by sharing this Images to your friends.
636 x 599 330 x 220 636 x 599 150 x 150Download Here


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Quadro & GeForce Mac OS X Driver Release 270.00.00
Release Date:
Operating System:
Mac OSX Lion 10.7.4
English (U.S.)
File Size:
Release Highlights
Supported products
Additional information
CUDA Application Support:
New in Release 270.00.00f06:
Release Notes Archive:
MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS for Driver Release 270.00.00f06
To download and install the drivers, follow the steps below:
STEP 1: Make sure your Mac OS X software version is 10.7.4. It is important that you check this first before you install the 270.00.00f06 Driver. Click on the Apple icon (upper left corner of the screen) and select About This Mac.
STEP 2: In the About This Mac window, click on the Software Update button
STEP 3: Continue to install software updates until your system OS is reported to be 10.7.4
STEP 4: Review the NVIDIA Software License. Check terms and conditions checkbox to allow driver download.
STEP 7: Click Install on the Standard Installer screen. You will be required to enter an Administrator password to continue
STEP 8: Click Continue Installation on the Warning screen:The Warning screen lets you know that you will need to restart your system once the installation process is complete.
STEP 9: Click Restart on the Installation Completed Successfully screen.
To uninstall this driver and restore your original Mac OS X v10.7.4 driver, follow the steps below:
STEP 1: During the installation process, a backup archive of your current drivers will be created. If for any reason you need to uninstall the 270.00.00f06 driver, the "NVIDIA Driver Restore.mpkg" is located in /Library/Application Support/NVIDIA.IMPORTANT: Do not move this package from its default location. Doing so will invalidate the uninstall/restore process. Also, this process is only valid with Mac OS X v10.7.4. Installing any newer version of the OS over this driver will also invalidate the uninstall/restore process.
STEP 2: After locating the NVIDIA Driver Restore.mpkg archive, double-click on the package. You will be guided through the driver restoration process. Click Continue after you read the Welcome screen.
STEP 3: Click Install on the Standard Installer screen. You will be required to enter an Administrator password to continue.
STEP 4: Click Continue Installation on the Warning screen: The Warning screen lets you know that you will need to restart your system once the installation process is complete.
STEP 5: Click Restart on the Installation Completed Successfully screen.
ALTERNATE METHOD – If for any reason you are unable to boot your system to the desktop and wish to restore your original Mac OS X v10.7.4 driver, you can also do so from "Single-User" mode:
STEP 1: Restart your Macintosh computer and hold down the "Command" (apple) key and the "s" key to boot into "Single User" mode.
STEP 2: When the system finishes loading to a command prompt, type the command "NVIDIARecovery" (no quotation marks), and hit the "Return" key.
STEP 3: The 270.00.00f06 driver will be uninstalled and your original Mac OS X v10.7.4 driver will be restored. The computer will then reboot automatically.
GeForce 200 series:
GTX 285 for Mac
GeForce 100 series:
GeForce 8 series:
Quadro series:
4000 for Mac
Quadro FX series:
FX 5600, FX 4800 for Mac


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Diego – Latino Male in Business Casual
Diego is a Latino male dressed in business casual. His character is great as a Senior Manager. This character pack includes 103 poses of Diego in many work settings. The files are PNG files with a transparent background, so you can drop them onto any background to create a custom scene. These images are perfect for building eLearning simulations or other engaging courses where you want to use real people.
Unlike other stock solutions, this pack includes:
- 75+ images of the same characters in many poses so you can use him in many situations
- Pre-cut images so you can drop him right onto any background
- Business casual outfit and a character who looks like someone you might work with
- Shots both looking at the camera and away for realistic interactions


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We work to make sure your experience will be a pleasant and accessible one. Here are the features we have put in place to insure the ALA 2009 Midwinter Meeting is accessible to all:
• We caption our main sessions, e.g. President's Program, Membership Meeting, Council Meetings, and others as requested by organizers. The captioning is available on a one-on-one basis when the captioner is not working at sessions mentioned above. Reservations are made on a first-come, first-served basis and require at least one day's notice.
• We have accessible rooms in our hotel block. There are rooms for the deaf, blind and attendees in wheelchairs. Please fill out the housing form and check the appropriate box. An Experient representative will contact you to make sure you are placed in an appropriate room.
• Leader animals of all kinds are welcome throughout the ALA Meeting.
• Listening devices are available for those who are hard of hearing.
• Our shuttle bus company has accessible buses. Instructions on how to obtain rides are available in each hotel, in the convention center on site, and in the onsite newspaper, Cognotes.
• Based upon availability in each city, we maintain a limited number of wheelchairs and scooters on a first come, first served basis.
• Conference Services coordinates interpreting services for the hearing impaired. To use the service, a list of required interpreted meetings should be sent to Anne Weglewski by December 7, 2008. Two interpreters are also on-call in the Conference Services Office in the Colorado Convention Center Saturday-Monday for last minute requests on a first-come, first-served basis. Interpreters are no longer requested for meetings in general. Requests for deaf members will be taken for specific meetings only.


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|Biosequences .. Software .. Molbio soft .. Network News .. FTP
Hi friends: We are trying to find non-commercial sources for a mouse liver and a human fetal liver cDNA libraies. If any of you have a stock of either of these two libraeies and would be willing to share an aliquot, I would very much appreciate hearing from you.Your contribution will be SUITABLY rewarded if you wish as a publication or as acknowledgement. TC James