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The con is kaput, the game over. A�s ownership, having run out of patience, isn�t even pretending to care about competing, much less pleasing its fans.
The con is kaput, the game over. A's ownership, having run out
of patience, isn't even pretending to care about competing, much
less pleasing its fans.
Dedicated first and last to themselves, the owners have upped
the ante. In their desire to leave Oakland, they've stopped waiting
for or pleading with Major League Baseball commissioner Bud Selig,
as well as anyone else who was listening.
They have moved into the next phase, one of such utter defiance
that it stomps all over the ideals of the game.
By trading the players who have represented Oakland in the last
three All-Star games, all in a three-week span, the A's are
announcing they're packing it in for 2012 and maybe even 2013.
They're quitting, backing away from the 2012 season so early and
so emphatically that even Pete Rose, the disgraced hit king, has to
scratch his head and wonder, once again, what is the definition of
"integrity of the game."
It wasn't long ago, after all, that every authority figure in
the game was complicit in committing the great baseball crime of
using advanced chemistry to inflate statistics. The game went on,
shamelessly promoting itself as healthier than ever, avoiding labor
strife and racking up record revenue.
And now MLB has an ownership team brazenly deciding to "throw" a
season three months before opening day.
The A's have made a series of dramatic moves in the past 20
days, effectively demolishing any pretense of trying to win and
simultaneously sending the message that until they get the trade
they really want - trading Oakland for San Jose - they'll just keep
making a mockery of the game.
The A's are doing this under Selig's nose, practically waving
the white flag in his eyes. Any high-minded rhetoric about
integrity from the commissioner has to be considered disingenuous
at best, downright fraudulent at worst.
How can such a naked exhibition of surrender not hurt the
Moreover, how can it not crush to a fine powder a fan base
already so battered that it collectively flinches every time
managing partner Lew Wolff so much as levels his gaze?
Closer Andrew Bailey, 27, was traded Wednesday, as fully
expected. The two-time All-Star (2009-10) was sent to Boston for
two prospects and a backup outfielder. Five days earlier,
left-hander Gio Gonzalez, their lone 2011 All-Star, was dealt to
Washington for prospects. Two weeks before that, right-hander
Trevor Cahill, a 2010 All-Star, was moved to Arizona for
These prospects, of course, won't remain in Oakland very long.
Their future is limited to two options. One, produce in Oakland and
get traded in a couple years. Or, two, produce in Oakland and be a
part of the team's fantasy move to San Jose.
That, of course, is something Wolff has pined for ever since he
joined the organization nine years ago, hired by then-owners Steve
Schott and Ken Hofmann to, um, study all viable geographical
options for the team.
Wolff, who along with John Fisher bought the team in 2005, has
numerous real estate holdings in San Jose and longs for the support
of the corporate base that exists in the South Bay. Even as he
talked about a future in Oakland, he already was on record - before
being hired by the team - saying he would move the A's to San
So there never has been any confusion about his desires or
intentions. And there isn't any now. Wolff and Fisher even bought
off team president Michael Crowley and general manager Billy Beane,
giving each a fraction of ownership. All four are rowing one way,
beautifully in sync.
The iceberg in the water, however, is the Giants, who own
territorial rights to San Jose. This alone makes movement a
daunting endeavor, for Selig is big on ownership consensus. And
that simply doesn't exist between the Wolff-Fisher A's and platoon
of Giants owners represented by CEO Larry Baer.
Consider these moves an A's shortcut, their intent to drive
their plan over the few curly hairs remaining atop Baer's head. Few
men in baseball can force an issue as vehemently as Beane, and
Selig and Baer and all of us can see he's on a mission.
So Bailey had to go, just as Cahill and Gonzalez did. Billy the
Part-Owner is better served by moving them, even if we all know
Billy the G.M. likes their talent.
The A's will say they are fiscally barren and competitively
invalid, that they were forced into these actions.
But they'll offer no apology about abandoning their loyal but
dwindling clientele. They don't want you visiting their shabby
little yard, no matter how long you've cared, so they're informing
everyone their shop is closed - even though the doors are wide
Your move, MLB.


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Advance booking mandatory for hassle free travel, accommodation and safari
Small Info About Tadoba (Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve )
Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve, located in the Chandrapur district of Maharashtra is the oldest national park in the state. Scenic with interesting wildlife sightings are assured at Tadoba and it is rightly called 'The Jewel of Vidharba'.
The name 'Tadoba' is the name of the God "Tadoba" or "Taru", praised by the tribal people who live in the dense forests of the Tadoba and Andhari region, while the Andhari River that meanders through the forest. gives the 'Andhari' name. Legend holds that Taru was a village chief who was killed in a mythological encounter with a tiger. A shrine dedicated to the God Taru now exists beneath a huge tree, on the banks of the Tadoba Lake. The temple is frequented by adivasis, especially during the fair held every year in the Hindu month of Pausha, between December and January.
The Gond kings once ruled these forests in the vicinity of the Chimur hills. Hunting was completely banned in 1935. Two decades later, in 1955, 116.54 km (45.00 sq mi) was declared a National Park. Andhari Wildlife Sanctuary was created on the adjacent forests in 1986, and in 1995, both the park and the sanctuary were merged to establish the Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve. Tadoba life with animals like the tiger, leopard, sloth bear, hyaena, wild dog, blue bull, wild cat, and sambar inhabit the reserve.
My Mera India Group Tour Dates:
Dec 7-9, Dec - 21-23, Dec - 28-30, dec30-1jan, 2019 jan 4-6, Jan 11-13, jan 18-10, jan 25-27, feb 1-3, Feb 8-10, feb 15-17
Tour Cost:
Standard (S) Members - INR 10950/-* | Non Members - INR 11550/-*
Booking After 15 January will INR 1000/- Extra Applicable
Tour Package Inclusive*
Four Open Jeep Safaris
AC Accommodation twin sharing basis as per plan
All tea, Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner
All Pickup and Drop Nagpur - Tadoba- Nagpur
Six people per jeep (G6)
For Photography tour four people per jeep (G4)(Call Us for cost)
Tour Package Exclusive*
All tea, meals during train journey
All personal expenses
Return Train Mumbai – Nagpur – Mumbai (Sleeper Class)
Tatkal Charges
Dynamic Train Fair Charges
Addon Charges
As per new guidelines lens above 250mm fees Rs 200/- each or any other fees revised on the date of tours
Those wants save time can fly to nearest airport (Nagpur)
Additional discount for group booking
Special individual tour booking
Imp: We will Help you to book rain Ticket well in advance
The itinerary for the tour will be as follows:
Day 0: Leave for Nagpur from CSTM 20.15pm
Day 1: Reach Nagpur 07.00 am, Travel to tadoba, on the way to halt have tea & BF/snacks and check in hotel. After lunch Start 1st Jungle Safari, Evening Back to Resort. Rest, Dinner, Post Dinner Experience Sharing then Rest
Day2: Early Morning Have tea and start 2nd Jungle Safari. Back for BF/Lunch rest. After Lunch start 3rd Jungle Safari. Evening back to resort, Rest, Dinner, Post Dinner Experience Sharing then Rest
Day3: Early Morning Have tea and start 4th Jungle Safari. Back for BF pack your bags after lunch travel to Nagpur. Leave for CSTM Nagpur
Day0: Reach CSTM 08.00 am tour end
Kindly book your tour well in advance to avoid exclusive additional charges
125 days' advance booking mandatory for hassle free travel, accommodation and safari
*The cost for per person group of six (G6)
3TR AC Train also can book with extra cost as applicable
Terms & Condition
Email Confirmation is compulsory
My Mera India reserves the right to change/modify or terminate the offer any time at its own discretion and without any prior notice.
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Yes, we have a Facebook account where we regularly write updates about our workshops and performances.
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At the next Max users meetup @ STEIM there will be demos of a new device that simulates electronic tape techniques developed by Karlheinz Stockhausen in the late fifties. Later there will be problem solving with MaxDuino, interfacing Max and Max for Live with an Arduino. Feel free to bring your own projects too!
Dec 21: VIRAL RADIO & STEIM PRESENT FENNESZ / DAFELDECKER / BRANDLMAYR / RAPHAEL VANOLI / GERRI JÄGER
Following a solo set by experimental guitarist Raphael Vanoli (Knalpot), the trio Fennesz/Dafeldecker/Brandlmayr will present subtle electronic music based on the sounds of guitar, bass, piano and percussion.
They will be processed live with software and effects, in an improvisational setting. The three usual suspects from the Viennese improv scene have …
SOUND TRIANGLE DAY 4 / Workshops by Hans Koch and Frank Baldé
Friday, Nov 4th. The SOUND TRIANGLE collaboration between STEIM and LIG Art Hall continues with two workshops in the L-space, a large general purpose work room adjacent to the concert hall.
SOUND TRIANGLE DAY 3 / Concert 1
The first concert night at LIG theater featured 5 Korean musicians playing solo and in collaboration with STEIM artists. Hankil RYU, Chulki Hong and Swaan CHE played solo sets and Joonyong CHOI and Byungjun KWON each played with Alex Nowitz and Hans W. Koch.
Outside of LIG Art Hall
SOUND TRIANGLE DAY 2 / Artist talks at Kaywon University
For day 2 of the ST program in Seoul, STEIM artists Nina Boas, Alex Nowitz and dj sniff gave an artist talk at Kaywon University
Our host at the University was musician Kiwan Sung. Kiwan is a member of one of Korea's most popular alternative rock band 3rd Line Butterfly, and he also is the director of the Seoul Sound Archive Project
Dec 1 – 18: THE FUTURE SOUNDS OF FOLK
STEIM & The Unifiedfield present
Indonesia / Singapore / Netherlands
Dec 1 – 18, 2011
Imagining the sounds of the post-folk. The Future Sounds Of Folk takes diverse musical traditions as a starting point for the development of new amalgams of contemporary music. In 2010, STEIM supported Singaporean musician …
SOUND TRIANGLE DAY 1 / STEIM in Seoul and CrackleHack workshop
SOUND TRIANGLE Amsterdam x Seoul Experimental Music Exchange started with a gracious welcoming by our partner LIG Arts Foundation.
LIG Arts Foundation is a non-profit organization identifies , supports and presents emerging and under-recognized artists basing in performing arts and/or interdisciplinary arts, as works as serves as a faithful producing partner for more established artists to take their creative risks. It also assists and produces international exchanging programs such as collaborative studies or performances. Having its main post at LIG Art Hall, 170 seat black-box theater in Seoul, LIG Arts Foundation has enlarged its activities for the local communities in the other part of Korea by launching, in April 2011, a new 300 black-box theater in Busan, the second biggest city located on the sound coast of Korea.


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Saturday, January 30, 2016
Ancient Greeks and Romans may have imported a whole new genetic cline into Europe (or not)
Is anyone else thinking what I'm thinking? The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) below should be self-explanatory. But if you're having problems with the abbreviations and acronyms, consult the list of definitions here. First Neolithic genomes from Greece The enigmatic headless Romans from York Greeks in a Longobard cemetery
Tuesday, January 26, 2016
Four major ancestries in mainland India
PNAS has just released a new paper on the population history of India. It's not a bad effort, but very speculative and not particularly insightful, mainly because it doesn't include any ancient DNA from South Asia. Let's be honest, nowadays, if you want a really hard hitting paper of this sort, you need some ancient DNA. It's open access. Here's the abstract.
India, occupying the center stage of Paleolithic and Neolithic migrations, has been underrepresented in genome-wide studies of variation. Systematic analysis of genome-wide data, using multiple robust statistical methods, on (i) 367 unrelated individuals drawn from 18 mainland and 2 island (Andaman and Nicobar Islands) populations selected to represent geographic, linguistic, and ethnic diversities, and (ii) individuals from populations represented in the Human Genome Diversity Panel (HGDP), reveal four major ancestries in mainland India. This contrasts with an earlier inference of two ancestries based on limited population sampling. A distinct ancestry of the populations of Andaman archipelago was identified and found to be coancestral to Oceanic populations. Analysis of ancestral haplotype blocks revealed that extant mainland populations (i) admixed widely irrespective of ancestry, although admixtures between populations was not always symmetric, and (ii) this practice was rapidly replaced by endogamy about 70 generations ago, among upper castes and Indo-European speakers predominantly. This estimated time coincides with the historical period of formulation and adoption of sociocultural norms restricting intermarriage in large social strata. A similar replacement observed among tribal populations was temporally less uniform.Basu et al., Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five distinct ancestral components and a complex structure, PNAS, Published online before print January 25, 2016, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1513197113 See also... The Poltavka outlier
Saturday, January 23, 2016
The enigmatic headless Romans from York
My dataset was recently enriched with six ancient individuals from Roman York, courtesy of Martiniano et al. 2016. They were either gladiators or soldiers. Each one was decapitated. This may have been a coup de grâce or a burial rite. At least one, 3DRIF-26, was not native to Britian. In fact, isotopic evidence suggests that he spent his childhood in a region with a hot and dry climate such as North Africa or the Levant. Moreover, his top matching population in terms of pairwise Identical-by-State (IBS) allele sharing are present-day Saudis (see here). However, I thought it might be useful to revisit 3DRIF-26's genetic affinities after taking into account his non-trivial Sub-Saharan admixture. This can be done with qpAdm. The best ten models are listed below. Please note that in the last model I had to use 3DRIF-26 as a mixture source for present-day Egyptians, because he has less Yoruba-related admixture than the Egyptians.
Anatolia_Neolithic 0.528 Caucasus_HG Kotias 0.379 Yoruba 0.093 chisq 2.813 tail prob 0.421347 Samaritan 0.940 Yoruba 0.060 chisq 3.706 tail prob 0.447229 Cypriot 0.915 Yoruba 0.085 chisq 4.564 tail prob 0.334981 Lebanese_Druze 0.933 Yoruba 0.067 chisq 5.961 tail prob 0.202081 BedouinB 0.998 Yoruba 0.002 chisq 6.311 tail prob 0.17709 Lebanese_Christian 0.929 Yoruba 0.071 chisq 6.660 tail prob 0.155006 Lebanese_Muslim 0.943 Yoruba 0.057 chisq 6.874 tail prob 0.142671 Druze 0.933 Yoruba 0.067 chisq 8.235 tail prob 0.0833513 Iraqi_Jew 0.924 Yoruba 0.076 chisq 8.443 tail prob 0.0766321 Egyptian Roman_outlier 0.900 Yoruba 0.100 chisq 9.262 tail prob 0.0548746I'd say these results provide rather convincing evidence that 3DRIF-26's West Eurasian ancestry is derived from the Levant. Moreover, his relatively high level of Sub-Saharan admixture suggests that he came from the southern Levant or perhaps a nearby region, like the Sinai Peninsula. Interestingly, the best models feature a couple of religious minorities (Samaritans and Lebanese Druze), an island population (Cypriots), and a fairly unique group in terms of genetic structure from Israel's Negev Desert (BedouinB). This suggests that 3DRIF-26 may have belonged to a similar religious or geographic isolate population, or, alternatively, that most of the Levant has experienced significant genetic shifts since he was alive. The rest of the headless Romans were, in all likelihood, born and raised in or near Britain. However, two of the individuals, 3DRIF-16 and 6DRIF-3, show elevated IBS affinity to Lithuanians and Poles. At the same time, they both belong to Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b-U106 (aka M405), which is a marker generally thought to have arrived in Britain with Anglo-Saxons and Scandinavians. This might be a coincidence, but probably not. D-stats confirm that they do show elevated Northeastern European affinity relative to the other three Romans. Only one of the Z-scores is statistically significant (>3), but most of the others would probably also reach significance with more SNPs and higher quality sequences.
England_Roman 0.869 Swedish 0.131 chisq 1.784 tail prob 0.775339 England_Roman 0.884 Polish 0.116 chisq 1.971 tail prob 0.741124Data source and citation... Martiniano, R. et al. Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat. Commun. 7:10326 doi: 10.1038/ncomms10326 (2016).
Friday, January 22, 2016
Y-HG J2 has a deep and complex history in South Asia
Open access at Nature Scientific Reports:
The global distribution of J2-M172 sub-haplogroups has been associated with Neolithic demic diffusion. Two branches of J2-M172, J2a-M410 and J2b-M102 make a considerable part of Y chromosome gene pool of the Indian subcontinent. We investigated the Neolithic contribution of demic dispersal from West to Indian paternal lineages, which majorly consists of haplogroups of Late Pleistocene ancestry. To accomplish this, we have analysed 3023 Y-chromosomes from different ethnic populations, of which 355 belonged to J2-M172. Comparison of our data with worldwide data, including Y-STRs of 1157 individuals and haplogroup frequencies of 6966 individuals, suggested a complex scenario that cannot be explained by a single wave of agricultural expansion from Near East to South Asia. Contrary to the widely accepted elite dominance model, we found a substantial presence of J2a-M410 and J2b-M102 haplogroups in both caste and tribal populations of India. Unlike demic spread in Eurasia, our results advocate a unique, complex and ancient arrival of J2a-M410 and J2b-M102 haplogroups into Indian subcontinent.Singh et al., Dissecting the influence of Neolithic demic diffusion on Indian Y-chromosome pool through J2-M172 haplogroup, Scientific Reports 6, Article number: 19157, (2016) doi:10.1038/srep19157
Tuesday, January 19, 2016
Ancient genomes from Iron Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon Britain (Martiniano et al. & Schiffels et al. 2016)
Open access at Nature Communications at this LINK:
The purported migrations that have formed the peoples of Britain have been the focus of generations of scholarly controversy. However, this has not benefited from direct analyses of ancient genomes. Here we report nine ancient genomes (~1 ×) of individuals from northern Britain: seven from a Roman era York cemetery, bookended by earlier Iron-Age and later Anglo-Saxon burials. Six of the Roman genomes show affinity with modern British Celtic populations, particularly Welsh, but significantly diverge from populations from Yorkshire and other eastern English samples. They also show similarity with the earlier Iron-Age genome, suggesting population continuity, but differ from the later Anglo-Saxon genome. This pattern concords with profound impact of migrations in the Anglo-Saxon period. Strikingly, one Roman skeleton shows a clear signal of exogenous origin, with affinities pointing towards the Middle East, confirming the cosmopolitan character of the Empire, even at its northernmost fringes.Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat. Commun. 7:10326 doi: 10.1038/ncomms10326 (2016). And another one at this LINK:
British population history has been shaped by a series of immigrations, including the early Anglo-Saxon migrations after 400 CE. It remains an open question how these events affected the genetic composition of the current British population. Here, we present whole-genome sequences from 10 individuals excavated close to Cambridge in the East of England, ranging from the late Iron Age to the middle Anglo-Saxon period. By analysing shared rare variants with hundreds of modern samples from Britain and Europe, we estimate that on average the contemporary East English population derives 38% of its ancestry from Anglo-Saxon migrations. We gain further insight with a new method, rarecoal, which infers population history and identifies fine-scale genetic ancestry from rare variants. Using rarecoal we find that the Anglo-Saxon samples are closely related to modern Dutch and Danish populations, while the Iron Age samples share ancestors with multiple Northern European populations including Britain.Schiffels, S. et al. Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history. Nat. Commun. 7:10408 doi: 10.1038/ncomms10408 (2016). See also... The enigmatic headless Romans from York Hinxton ancient genomes roundup
Monday, January 11, 2016
The Poltavka outlier
Anyone who still thinks that Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a originated in South Asia should burn this map into their brains. It'll come in useful over the next few years as we learn from ancient DNA about the conquest of the Indian subcontinent, and indeed much of Asia, by pastoralists from the western Russian and Ukrainian steppes.
X marks the spot of the burial site of Poltavka sample I0432 from the Mathieson et al. 2015 dataset. This individual belongs to Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a-Z93(Z94+), which today accounts for well over 90% of the R1a lineages in Asia and peaks in frequency at over 60% in the northern parts of South Asia.
Moreover, the dating of his burial site, 2925-2536 calBCE, suggests that he lived not long after the Z93 and Z94 mutations came into existence. That's because Z93 doesn't appear to be much older than 5,000 years based on full Y-chromosome sequence data (see here and here, including the comments).
So I0432 could well turn out to be a crucial piece in the puzzle of the peopling of South Asia.
Interestingly, this individual was flagged as an outlier in the Poltavka sample set by Mathieson et al., hence his other moniker: the Poltavka outlier. However, this wasn't because of any ancestry from South or even Central Asia. In fact, it was because he was too western.
Principal Component Analyses (PCA) featuring a wide range of present-day and ancient samples from Europe and Asia, like the one below, show that Poltavka outlier clusters further west than most Corded Ware individuals from Germany. Right click and open in a new tab to view full size.
In the past, using qpAdm, I modeled Poltavka outlier as 63.7% Yamnaya Samara and 36.3% German Middle Neolithic. This is probably not very far from the truth, but qpAdm offers a supervised mixture test in which the results are heavily reliant on the choice of outgroups, so I thought I'd revisit the issue with TreeMix, which allows an unsupervised analysis.
In a dataset including seven relatively high coverage Copper Age (CA), Early Bronze Age and Middle Neolithic (MN) European genomes, TreeMix picked out Poltavka outlier as the most likely sample to be admixed, showing a mixture edge of 33% from the base of the branch leading to the Iberian MN individual to that of Poltavka outlier.
This outcome is very similar to my qpAdm model, but it suggests an even more western source of admixture in Poltavka outlier. Could this admixture actually be from Iberia? I wouldn't discount this possibility, considering the presence of Bell Beaker communities, possibly of Atlantic or even Iberian origin, as far east as present-day Poland. Indeed, according to Cassidy et al. 2015, German Beakers show high affinity to MN and CA Iberians (see page 51 in the supp info here).
I double checked my TreeMix result with D-stats, and yep, when placed in a clade with Poltavka or Samara Yamnaya, Poltavka outlier shows the strongest signal of admixture from the Iberia MN individual.
At the same time, however, the signal from the Early Neolithic (EN) Iberian fails to reach significance (Z=<3), which suggests that, in fact, TreeMix and D-stats might be seeing the Iberia MN sample as the most attractive mixture source due to her high level of Western European hunter-gatherer (WHG) ancestry, which Poltavka outlier also has plenty of, rather than anything specific to Iberia.
In any case, it's clear enough that Poltavka outlier was the result of mixture between Yamnaya-related western steppe pastoralists and the descendants of Middle Neolithic Europeans with a high ratio of WHG ancestry. Where this admixture actually took place and which archaeological cultures were involved will have to be resolved with further sampling of ancient remains from Central and Eastern Europe.
However, it's already impossible to place the origin of Poltavka outlier anywhere in Asia, which suggests that both Z93 and Z94 are also from well inside the generally accepted borders of Europe.
This obviously has implications for the origins of the Indo-Iranians, because the widespread presence of these mutations in Asia gels very nicely with the idea, and indeed academic consensus, that Indo-Iranian languages expanded rapidly from the Eurasian steppe into Asia during the Bronze Age.
Considering that Poltavka outlier came from a Kurgan burial, and was therefore an individual of some social standing, he might be the direct ancestor of many millions of present-day Asians. If so, this won't be very difficult to prove in the near future as ancient DNA research revs up a few notches.
On a related note, apparently there's a paper on the way with ancient DNA results from Rakhigarhi, a Harappan site in Haryana, northern India (see here). As far as I know, the results will include Y-chromosome haplogroups of three males, but I don't think we'll see any decent genome-wide data at this stage. However, hopefully I'm wrong and the paper will come out with full ancient genomes.
Feel free to post your predictions in the comments. I'm tentatively expecting a couple of instances of J2 and maybe an L or H. Razib made basically the same prediction recently so I'm not being original. What I do know is that we won't see any R1a-Z93. The only way that might happen is if, say, someone coughed or sneezed on the Harappan remains.
Data source and reference...
Mathieson et al., Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians, Nature, 528, 499–503 (24 December 2015), doi:10.1038/nature16152 See also...
The beast among Y-haplogroups
Saturday, January 2, 2016
Spatio-temporal segment sharing analysis featuring eight ancient genomes
No one's done this yet, probably because at this stage it's still a crazy idea. But sometimes crazy ideas actually work. Here's a map: here.
Haak et al., Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe, Nature, Advance online publication, doi:10.1038/nature14317
Jones, E. R. et al. Upper palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern eurasians. Nat. Commun. 6:8912 doi: 10.1038/ncomms9912 (2015).
Lazaridis et al., Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans, Nature, 513, 409–413 (18 September 2014), doi:10.1038/nature13673
Mathieson et al., Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians, Nature, 528, 499–503 (24 December 2015), doi:10.1038/nature16152
- The Corded Ware individual from Germany shows a close relationship to the Yamnaya individual from the North Caspian region, but no relationship to the two Neolithic farmers from Central Europe, NE1 and Stuttgart, supporting the idea that the Corded Ware Culture was introduced into Central Europe by migrants from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe. - The Srubnaya individual from the North Caspian shares a lot of cM with the Corded Ware individual, and also shows a stronger relationship to other ancient Central Europeans than to the Yamnaya individual buried only kilometers away, suggesting that the Srubnaya Culture was introduced to the Pontic-Caspian Steppe from Central Europe or surrounds. - The closer relationship between the Yamnaya individual and the Late Bronze Age Hungarian, BR2, than between the latter and the Corded Ware individual, gels with archaeological data showing that Yamnaya groups moved into the Carpathian Basin via the Balkans. - Weak segment sharing between the Yamnaya individual and Kotias, a Mesolithic Caucasus hunter-gatherer (CHG) from western Georgia, suggests that the Yamnaya population did not receive its CHG admixture from the southwestern Caucasus. - Elevated segment sharing between BR2 and present-day speakers of Baltic and Slavic languages suggests that BR2, or his close relatives, contributed genealogically in a significant way to the Balto-Slavic expansions that affected most of East Central and Eastern Europe during the Iron Age and early Medieval period.The ancient DNA data used in my experiment came from the following studies: Gamba, C. et al. Genome flux and stasis in a five millennium transect of European prehistory. Nat. Commun. 5:5257 doi:10.1038/ncomms6257 (2014).
Haak et al., Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe, Nature, Advance online publication, doi:10.1038/nature14317
Jones, E. R. et al. Upper palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern eurasians. Nat. Commun. 6:8912 doi: 10.1038/ncomms9912 (2015).
Lazaridis et al., Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans, Nature, 513, 409–413 (18 September 2014), doi:10.1038/nature13673
Mathieson et al., Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians, Nature, 528, 499–503 (24 December 2015), doi:10.1038/nature16152
Friday, January 1, 2016
Kum6: Sardinian-like genome from Late Neolithic western Anatolia
Behind a pay wall at Current Biology:
Summary: Anatolia and the Near East have long been recognized as the epicenter of the Neolithic expansion through archaeological evidence. Recent archaeogenetic studies on Neolithic European human remains have shown that the Neolithic expansion in Europe was driven westward and northward by migration from a supposed Near Eastern origin [ 1–5 ]. However, this expansion and the establishment of numerous culture complexes in the Aegean and Balkans did not occur until 8,500 before present (BP), over 2,000 years after the initial settlements in the Neolithic core area [ 6–9 ]. We present ancient genome-wide sequence data from 6,700-year-old human remains excavated from a Neolithic context in Kumtepe, located in northwestern Anatolia near the well-known (and younger) site Troy [ 10 ]. Kumtepe is one of the settlements that emerged around 7,000 BP, after the initial expansion wave brought Neolithic practices to Europe. We show that this individual displays genetic similarities to the early European Neolithic gene pool and modern-day Sardinians, as well as a genetic affinity to modern-day populations from the Near East and the Caucasus. Furthermore, modern-day Anatolians carry signatures of several admixture events from different populations that have diluted this early Neolithic farmer component, explaining why modern-day Sardinian populations, instead of modern-day Anatolian populations, are genetically more similar to the people that drove the Neolithic expansion into Europe. Anatolia's central geographic location appears to have served as a connecting point, allowing a complex contact network with other areas of the Near East and Europe throughout, and after, the Neolithic.Omrak et al., Genomic Evidence Establishes Anatolia as the Source of the European Neolithic Gene Pool, Current Biology, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.019
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Natare necesitaba un nuevo diseño de página web y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 128 diseños de 42 diseñadores freelance.
We are a leading manufacturer and supplier of equipment, services and systems for commercial and public swimming pools, aquatic recreation and water features around the world.
Anyone interested in purchasing equipment, services and systems for commercial swimming pools: architects, contractors, organizations / institutions with Aquatic facilities. To some degree, wealthy homeowners, but this is not our core market.
We need a new site homepage that is innovative, modern yet established, attractive and friendly.
Please see the attached document, "NatareStyleGuide.pdf" for instructions on approved colors, typography / fonts, logo usage (logo file also attached, but please remove the word "Corporation" from the logo when using in your designs).
Likes: Modern, innovative, fresh sites. We love this site, use as inspiration but DO NOT create exact replicas:
Here's what we love about it: the brushed metal background, the gorgeous imagery / banner, the navigation (clean, easy, elegant), great use of white space, airiness.
Dislikes: We don't like the footer navigation on the IMG site. Also, do not use any green hues in your designs.
Page Elements Needed on the Design:
Top Navigation, Footer Navigation (essentially, use what is on our current site, http://www.natare.com), some creative suggestions for embedding video, a couple of callouts:
* Why Choose Natare?
* Natare Quick Links
* Request a Quote
* Buy a Pool For: Training, Residential, Commercial; also include a "see
all equipment and systems" link
Other than those requirements, please be creative and have fun. We look forward to seeing your designs.


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YOu MUST AGREE TO THE FOLLOWING BEFORE REGISTERING FOR CLASS.
(In some cases, failure to do so may result in loss of deposit and / or additional fees.)
• I agree to read the description and class information BEFORE signing up.
• I understand that Keep It Real Acting Studios accepts a deposit of 50% of the cost of class, and by paying the deposit I agree to pay the remaining amount before class on the first day.
• I must bring cash or check for the remaining balance if I did not pay in full. If I use a credit card, there may be a small processing fee in addition to the balance.
• Keep It Real Acting Studios requires AT LEAST a 7 day cancellation notice before the start of class to be eligible for any refund. If I wish to cancel, I must contact the office prior to 7 days before class is scheduled to begin, and only a processing fee of $35.00 will be accessed ($10 processing fee for The Castable Actor and for The Business of Acting.) NO REFUND is given if canceling occurs after the 7 day period.
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Make-Up Class Policy:
• As a general rule, we do not offer make up classes.
• If I have to miss a class due to booking acting work, excluding extra work, and have to film during class time, I may make up that class by attending that corresponding class during the next session. Call sheet must be provided. Example: If you miss Week 4 of class, you may attend the Week 4 class during the next session. If the class is not full, I may participate. If the class is full, I may audit. I will provide a call sheet to Keep it Real Acting as proof of on set work. Please contact the office ahead of time when scheduling a make-up class. Outside of these circumstances, a fee will be applied to the make-up class.
• I understand Keep It Real Acting Studios reserves the right to substitute the advertised instructor if the instructor has to cancel for professional or personal reasons. They will be replaced with a qualified professional.
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text: Eating refined carbohydrates like bagels may stimulate brain regions involved in reward and cravings, research suggests. iStockphoto.com hide caption toggle caption iStockphoto.com The Salt Can You Be Addicted To Carbs? Scientists Are Checking That Out June 26, 2013 Researchers are trying to figure out if it really is possible to be addicted to food. A study of brain activity finds there's more going on in areas linked to reward and addiction after people drink a shake with lots of refined carbohydrates. But it's not clear how that factors into overeating.


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The New Wave of IPOs
Initial public offerings are back in vogue. Here's why investors should be wary.
There are lots of IPOs to pick from. But that doesn't mean you should.
The U.S. initial-public-offering market is on track this year to produce the most deals since 2007. In the second quarter, 80 companies publicly began the process of registering for an IPO in the U.S., more than double the number that did so in the same period a year ago, according to accounting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers.


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Switzerland, with a population of 7.3 million, is a constitutional democracy with a federal structure. The parliament was elected in free and fair elections in October 2003, allowing the government to remain a coalition of the four major parties. The civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of the security forces.
The government generally respected the human rights of its citizens, and the law and judiciary provide effective means of dealing with individual instances of abuse. The following human rights problems were reported:
- occasional excessive police force, used particularly against minorities and asylum seekers
- lengthy pretrial detention
- anti-Muslim and anti-Semitic incidents
- violence against women
- trafficking in women
- discrimination against minorities
Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From:
a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life
There were no reports that the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings
There were no new developments in the 2004 killing by police of a 38-year-old Sri Lankan citizen in Lausanne.
During the year the district attorney's investigation into the 2004 death of a 40-year-old Italian national concluded that the injuries incurred during the arrest were not sufficient to cause death.
b. Disappearance
There were no reports of politically motivated disappearances.
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
The law prohibits such practices; however, there were reports of occasional use of excessive force by police authorities.
In October the cantonal government in Tessin suspended two policemen accused of robbing and verbally abusing several asylum-seekers. The cantonal prosecutor charged the two police officers of misusing their functions, theft, and breaching the antiracism law. A 2004 Amnesty International (AI) report highlighted several instances of police mistreatment of detainees, particularly foreigners, citizens of foreign origin, and asylum seekers.
In April the Federal Tribunal rejected a complaint lodged by a woman whose leg was severely burned by a police stun grenade during protests in Lausanne in June 2003. The court maintained that it was impossible to identify the police officer involved, since there were approximately 190 officers in the area.
Prison and Detention Center Conditions
Prison conditions generally met international standards; however, prison overcrowding was a problem, particularly in the Cantons of Geneva, Zurich, and Bern. In some cantonal prisons, the size of the cells fell below the 130 square feet standard set by the European Convention on Human Rights.
The government permitted access by independent local and international human rights groups to prisons. In June the Council of Europe's Commissioner for Human Rights, in a report on a fact-finding mission of the end of 2004, expressed concern about overcrowding and other shortcomings at inspected detention facilities and called on local authorities to take appropriate action to resolve the problems.
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention
The law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, and the government generally observed these prohibitions.
Role of the Police and Security Apparatus
The cantons are responsible for handling most criminal matters, and procedures vary. The federal police office has a coordinating role but relies on the cantons for actual law enforcement. The federal attorney general in Bern oversees intercantonal and international crimes. Corruption and impunity were not problems.Judges and prosecutors are independent but generally are under administrative command of the cantonal security department and the Federal Department of Justice and Police. Police were generally effective. Both internal affairs bureaus and courts generally functioned effectively to investigate possible police abuses. Police training is cantonal responsibility but some police training took place nationally in connection with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).
Arrest and Detention
Persons were generally apprehended openly with warrants issued by a duly authorized official unless there is a specific and immediate danger to which the police must respond without waiting for a warrant. In general a suspect may not be held longer than 24 hours before being presented to a prosecutor (or investigating magistrate) who must bring formal charges or order release; however, asylum seekers and foreigners without valid documents may be held up to 96 hours without an arrest warrant.
There is a functioning bail system, and release on personal recognizance or bail is granted unless the magistrate believes the person is dangerous or will not appear for trial. A suspect may be denied legal counsel at the time of detention but has the right to choose and contact an attorney before charges are made. In 2004 the federal penal court in Bellinzona affirmed that suspects detained under federal law were not entitled to legal representation during the first preliminary hearing with the federal police. Legal counseling is allowed at a later stage when the suspects meet the investigative magistrate. The state provides free legal assistance for indigents who may be detained pending trial. Access to family members could be restricted to prevent tampering with evidence, but law enforcement authorities are obligated to inform close relatives of the detention promptly.
AI and refugee NGOs complained that detained asylum seekers were often effectively denied proper legal representation because they lacked the financial means to obtain an attorney and, unless they are held for serious criminal offenses, the law does not provide for free legal assistance (see section 2.d.). The decision to deport an asylum seeker is an administrative procedure, as opposed to a criminal procedure where free legal assistance is provided. Rejected asylum seekers generally were not removed from the country but instructed to leave voluntarily, except in cases where the rejected asylum seeker was incarcerated for a petty crime.
There were no reports of political detainees.
Lengthy pretrial detention occurred. Although investigations generally were prompt, investigative pretrial detention could exceed the length of sentence. Any lengthy pretrial detention is subject to review by higher judicial authorities. During the year approximately one-third of all prisoners were in pretrial detention, and the average length of such detention was 50 days.
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial
The law provides for an independent judiciary, and the government generally respected this provision in practice.
Courts of first instance generally are local or cantonal courts. The federal penal court in Bellinzona is the court of first instance for criminal offenses that are under the jurisdiction of federal authorities to investigate and prosecute. Citizens have the right to appeal, ultimately to the Federal Tribunal (supreme court). Lower and appellate courts are local or cantonal and therefore both their administrative structures and procedures vary from canton to canton.
Trial Procedures
Trials are generally expeditious and public. Trials involving minor offenses are generally heard by a single judge, more serious or complex cases by a panel of judges, and the most serious cases (including murder) by a jury. Defendants have the right to be present and to consult with an attorney in a timely manner, and an attorney is provided at public expense if defendants face serious criminal charges. Defendants have the right to confront or question witnesses and to present witnesses or evidence. Defendants enjoy a presumption of innocence and have the right to appeal, ultimately to the Federal Tribunal. These rights were generally respected in practice.
The military penal code (MPC) requires that war crimes or violations of the Geneva Convention be prosecuted only if the defendant has close ties with the country. Normal civilian rules of evidence and procedure apply in military trials. The MPC allows the appeal of any case, ultimately to the military supreme court. In most cases the accused used defense attorneys assigned by the courts. Any licensed attorney may serve as a military defense counselor. Under military law the government pays for defense costs. Civilians can be tried in military courts if they reveal military secrets, such as classified military documents, or classified military locations and installations.
Political Prisoners
There were no reports of political prisoners.
f. Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence
The law prohibits such actions, and the government generally respected these prohibitions in practice.
Section 2 Respect for Civil Liberties, Including:
a. Freedom of Speech and Press
The law provides for freedom of speech and of the press, and the government generally respected these rights in practice and did not restrict academic freedom or the Internet. An independent press, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic political system combined to ensure freedom of speech and of the press.
The penal code criminalizes racist or anti-Semitic expression, whether in public speech or in printed material.
b. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association
The law provides for freedom of assembly and association, and the government generally respected these rights in practice.
As in previous years, police in cities deployed large forces to control demonstrators protesting against the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos. Violent confrontations were for the most part avoided. During demonstrations in Bern and Basel on January 22 and 29, respectively, antiriot police made hundreds of identity checks and took scores of demonstrators into preventive custody. In June the Bern city assembly unanimously endorsed a report condemning police tactics and the large-scale police deployment as out of proportion to the security threat posed by demonstrators.
There were no developments in the lawsuit against police officers for allegedly using violence and mistreating anti‑WEF demonstrators in January 2004.
In January a Vaud cantonal court declared that two policemen must stand trial for negligent bodily harm to a protester during a demonstration against the G-8 in June 2003. In order to block traffic, two protesters had tightened a rope across a highway bridge near Lausanne and tied themselves to either end of the rope dangling over the abyss. After a police officer cut the rope, a protester fell 60 feet and was seriously injured. The Vaud cantonal prosecutor had previously closed an investigation of the incident without filing charges on the grounds that protesters had put themselves in a situation of danger. A trial was not scheduled at year's end.
c. Freedom of Religion
The law provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally respected this right in practice.
There is no official state church; however, most cantons financially support at least one of three traditional denominations--Roman Catholic, Old Catholic, or Protestant--with funds collected through taxation. Each of the 26 cantons has regulations regarding the relationship between church and state. Foreign missionaries must obtain a religious worker visa to work in the country. Such permits were generally granted routinely.
In 2004 the Federal Office of Migration (FOM) rejected the work permit applications for two Islamic clerics that the Islamic Center in Geneva had filed with local authorities, due to the leader's extremist views. On October 5, the justice ministry's appeals body upheld the FOM decision, thus setting a precedent of rejecting a work permit application for a Muslim imam on ideological grounds.
Resident Muslim organizations complained that it was nearly impossible to acquire zoning approval to build mosques or Muslim cemeteries, since this authority rested with individual counties and municipalities.
Some employers had restrictions on wearing headscarves in the workplace. For example, the second biggest retailer announced that its dress code did not provide for any headgear and that it would not allow the wearing of the Islamic headscarf.
Religious education was taught in most public cantonal schools, except in Geneva and Neuchatel. Classes in Roman Catholic and Protestant doctrine were normally offered, but some schools covered other religious groups living in the country. A number of cantons now complement or entirely supplant traditional classes in Christian doctrine with nonconfessional teachings about religion and culture.
Societal Abuses and Discrimination
The Federal Commission against Racism observed that the climate against members of religious minorities and their institutions has deteriorated. Although physical violence was rare, most anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim remarks were largely fueled by extensive media reports over the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the Holocaust Assets issue, and terrorist acts by Muslim extremists in foreign countries.
The Jewish population amounts to 0.24 percent of the country's population, or 17,900 persons. There were numerous anti-Semitic incidents during the year.
During the night of March 13, there were two arson attacks in the city of Lugano in the southern canton of Ticino against the synagogue and a clothing store owned by a Jewish family. No one was hurt in either incident. In November a Ticino court sentenced a 58-year-old resident Italian national with a mental condition, who confessed to the attacks, to 2 years in prison. The sentence is expected to be suspended for psychiatric treatment. On the night of April 16, vandals spray-painted anti‑Semitic graffiti on the walls and on a Holocaust memorial near the Grand Synagogue in Geneva. In May unknown vandals desecrated a dozen tombs of the cemetery of the Jewish community of Vevey-Montreux.
In April 2004 the Zurich lawyer and honorary chairman of the Jewish religious community, Sigi Feigel, sued the political party Europa Partei Schweiz and claimed that it sponsored newspaper advertisements comparing Israel with Nazi Germany. The case remained pending before the cantonal prosecutor at year's end.
On January 27, schools across the country held a day of remembrance for victims of the Holocaust. Education authorities said the aim was to remember the Holocaust and other forms of genocide committed in the past century and raise awareness of inhumane ideologies.
For a more detailed discussion, see the 2005 International Religious Freedom Report.
d. Freedom of Movement within the Country, Foreign Travel, Emigration, and Repatriation
The law provides for these rights, and the government generally respected them in practice.
The law prohibits forced exile, and the government did not employ it.
Protection of Refugees
The law provides for the granting of asylum or refugee status in accordance with the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 protocol, and the government has established a system for providing protection to refugees. In practice the government provided some protection against refoulement, the return of persons to a country where they feared persecution. The government granted refugee status or asylum to 4,856 persons during the year.
The government also provided temporary protection to individuals who may not qualify as refugees under the 1951 convention and the 1967 protocol and provided it to approximately 24,453 persons during the year.
The government cooperated with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and other humanitarian organizations in assisting refugees and asylum seekers.
The FOM used a list of approximately 40 "safe countries" from which it will not accept refugee requests. NGOs criticized the list as arbitrary because the government did not publicly justify the listings and because they believe human rights records and the political situation in some of these countries was not sufficiently stable.
The FOM may refuse to process the application of an asylum seeker who is unable to justify a lack of identity papers. In such cases, the rejected applicant must submit an appeal within five working days to stay deportation proceedings. NGOs contended that such a short time period did not constitute an effective remedy and therefore violated the European Convention on Human Rights.
The UN Committee against Torture (UNCAT), the Council of Europe (COE), and NGOs criticized recent asylum policy developments. In May reviewing the country's compliance with the UN Convention on Torture, UNCAT expressed concern over standing and planned legal provisions on the use of force during deportations. In June the COE's commissioner for human rights criticized the more stringent measures effective since April 2004, allowing for the immediate rejection of asylum applicants lacking proper identity papers and shortening the appeals period against such a decision. The commissioner also expressed concern about expedited repatriation procedures at airports leading to the rejection of people before they can submit an asylum request as well as new measures proposed under the ongoing revision of the asylum law. In August the Swiss Refugee Council (SRC) expressed disappointment that many asylum seekers had been unfairly excluded from the screening process and reiterated some of the COE's findings on an alleged lack of access to legal representation for rejected asylum applicants. The SRC also criticized some cantons and communities for being reluctant to disburse minimum assistance, claiming that asylum seekers were not always informed of their entitlement to public aid. The SRC urged the government to soften the current asylum law revision and reverse its decision to shorten the appeal period from 30 to 5 working days.
According to media reports, on February 23, police forcibly deported a 19-year-old Kurd to his native Syria, where he was immediately detained for 2 months and subsequently found hanged in his hometown shortly after his release from prison. Kurdish online news sources alleged that he was tortured in detention and that the physical and psychological injuries led him to commit suicide.
NGOs reported that police used excessive force against asylum seekers (see section 1.c.).
On June 10, the Federal Tribunal criticized the detention conditions of a rejected asylum applicant in Trogen in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. The court deemed the low standards of the Trogen prison facility unacceptable and reminded local authorities that detained asylum seekers were entitled to social contacts with other foreigners awaiting repatriation. The court ordered local authorities to correct the situation within one week's time or release the rejected asylum applicant.
Section 3 Respect for Political Rights: The Right of Citizens to Change Their Government
The law provides citizens with the right to change their government peacefully, and citizens exercised this right in practice through periodic, free, and fair elections held on the basis of universal suffrage.
Elections and Political Participation
In October 2003, in a fair and free election, citizens chose a new federal parliament.
There were 65 women in the 246-seat federal parliament and 1 woman in the 7-seat federal cabinet. In recent years at the cantonal level, the proportion of female representatives in legislatures has remained steady at approximately 24 percent. Women held approximately one-fifth of the seats in cantonal executive bodies.
There were 57 French-speaking and 10 Italian-speaking members in the federal parliament. There were 3 French-speaking members in the federal cabinet. There were no known ethnic minorities in the government.
Government Corruption and Transparency
There were isolated reports of government corruption during the year.
Government information was available freely to all persons living in the country, including foreign media. There is no specific transparency law, but the constitution requires that the government inform the public on its activities. In December 2004 parliament adopted a new transparency law providing for public access to government documents, but the law had not been implemented by year's end.
Section 4 Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights
A wide variety of domestic and international human rights groups generally operated without government restriction, investigating and publishing their findings on human rights cases. Government officials were cooperative and responsive to their views.
Section 5 Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons
The law prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, gender, disability, language, or social status, and the government generally enforced these prohibitions effectively, although some laws discriminate against women. Violence against women and children, trafficking in persons, and discrimination against minorities were problems.
Violence against women was a problem. The law prohibits domestic violence but does not differentiate between acts committed against men and women. A study released in 2004 claimed that polls showed 10 percent of women suffered from physical violence in the previous 12 months, and a 2003 survey showed that 1 in 4 women age 20 to 60 suffered some form of domestic violence at least once in their lifetime. In its 2004 annual report, AI estimated that approximately 40 women died every year in the country as a result of violence suffered at home. According to a 2003 survey, only 30 percent of instances of physical violence and 6 percent of sexual abuse cases are being reported to the police. Authorities prosecuted approximately 38 percent of reported cases of domestic violence, and 70.8 percent of those were convicted and fined on average $4,282 (5,372 Swiss francs).Police made 496 arrests and fined 955 persons for domestic violence during the year. Data from Zurich canton indicated that reported instances of domestic violence increased from 858 in 2003 to 1,248 in 2004, of which 453 were committed by repeat offenders. Penalties varied with the gravity of crime.
Victims of domestic violence could obtain help, counseling, and legal assistance from specialized government and NGO agencies, or from nearly a dozen hot lines sponsored privately or by local, cantonal, and national authorities. There were 820 women and 838 children spending a total of 46,523 nights in 17 women's shelters across the country during 2004, but the shelter's operators estimated that nearly as many were denied access due to a lack of space and limited funding. There is a special unit dealing with domestic violence in the interior ministry's Federal Office for the Equality between Women and Men. The Crime Prevention Center, a planning unit of the umbrella organization of cantonal police forces, has established a checklist for police interventions and most cantonal police forces had specially trained domestic violence units. A majority of cantons also had special administrative units coordinating between law enforcement, prosecutorial, and victim assistance bodies.
Rape, including spousal rape, is a criminal offense, and the government effectively prosecuted those accused of such crimes. In 2003 there were 547 recorded instances of rape, 405 prosecutions, and 77 convictions. Prosecuting spousal abuse is a cantonal responsibility, and statistical evidence was inconsistent.
Although female genital mutilation (FGM) is illegal, there were reports that the practice occurred. According to the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the Bern University, there were approximately six thousand women and young girls believed to be at risk from FGM.
The Lausanne-based NGO Terre des Hommes estimated that about 50 percent of Muslim women in the country did not freely choose their husband. This trend was particularly evident among immigrants.
Prostitution is legal; however, street prostitution is illegal, except in certain areas in every major city specifically designated by local authorities. Police figures indicated that approximately 14 thousand prostitutes worked in the country.
Trafficking in women was a problem (see section 5, Trafficking).
Sexual harassment is illegal. The law includes provisions aimed at eliminating sexual harassment and facilitating access to legal remedies for those who claim discrimination or harassment in the workplace. Sexual harassment in the workplace occurred infrequently. Sexual harassers face a fine or a prison sentence up to 10 years. Employers failing to implement the law face a maximum fine of $32 thousand (40 thousand Swiss francs) or a 6‑month prison sentence. Sexual harassment victims are protected against retaliatory dismissals.
Under the law women generally enjoy the same rights as men; however, some laws continued to discriminate against women. The Federal Tribunalruled that the primary wage earner in a divorce must be left with sufficient income to remain above the poverty level. Since the man generally was the primary wage earner in most marriages and the income was too low to support both parties, usually the wife (and children) was forced to survive on public assistance.
In December 2004 the FOM at first rejected an appeal from a Brazilian women and her son who faced deportation by Geneva authorities. Their annual residency permits could not be renewed because the Swiss husband had died of a stroke in 2003, four years after their marriage. The FOM ultimately reversed its decision following intense lobbying from the woman's employer.
Women frequently did not occupy jobs with significant responsibilities, and women's professional stature overall was lower than men's. Women also were promoted less frequently than men, and employers were less likely to pay women for training. According to a 2004 government study, women's gross salaries were on average 21 percent lower than men's.
According to a study published during the year, women held only 15 percent of management positions in 2000. Women were more likely to be unemployed than men, especially working mothers with children under the age of 15. The unemployment rate for mothers with children under the age of 6 is approximately 9 percent--four times higher than the rate for men.
The Federal Office for Equality between Women and Men (EBG) and the Federal Commission on Women worked to eliminate all forms of direct and indirect gender discrimination. Many cantons and some large cities have equality services mandated to handle gender issues. More than half of the cantons have an office in charge of promoting equality.
The government has no special programs for children, and there is no special governmental office for children's matters; however, the government was strongly committed to children's rights and welfare. It amply funded a system of public education and need-based subsidies of health insurance.
Education was free and compulsory for 9 years, from age 6 or 7 through age 16 or 17, depending on the canton. Some cantons offered a 10th school year. Almost all children attended school.Almost 60 percent completed professional vocational or technical training with another 30 percent continuing to earn higher-level specialized or university degrees.
The government provided need-based subsidies for mandatory but private health insurance.
Child abuse was common. A study published in January by the Fribourg University estimated 13 thousand children under the age of 30 months had been slapped by their parents, 18 thousand had their hair pulled by their parents, and about 17,000 had been struck with objects by their parents. According to a study by UNICEF, one-fifth of girls and one-tenth of boys in the country were subjected to sexual abuse.
On February 10, police announced they were investigating 109 citizens as part of a worldwide operation targeting Internet child pornography. Nineteen cantons, as well as the cities of Bern and Zurich, took part in the operation. Under the law the production, possession, distribution, or downloading from the Internet of hardcore pornography involving children carries heavy fines or a maximum sentence of a year in prison.
FGM was performed in some cases on girls (see section 5, Women).
Trafficking in Persons
The law prohibits sexual exploitation and trafficking in persons; however, some women were trafficked into the country and forced into prostitution or domestic servitude.
Trafficking in persons can carry a prison sentence of up to 20 years and coercing a person into prostitution is punishable with up to 10 years in prison. In 2003 authorities convicted 12 persons for human trafficking and forced prostitution. The Coordination Unit against Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants, which is tied to the Federal Office of Police, coordinates and monitors all antitrafficking efforts, including a federal interagency task force. Authorities were active in international law enforcement activities and took the lead in coordinating several international trafficking investigations.
Switzerland is primarily a country of destination, and secondarily transit, for women trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation and domestic servitude. Federal police estimated that between 1,500 and 3 thousand victims of human trafficking were in the country. According to authorities, most persons trafficked come from Central Europe (Hungary, Slovakia, and Romania), the former Soviet Union (Ukraine and Moldova), Lithuania, Latin America (Brazil and the Dominican Republic), Southeast Asia (Thailand and Cambodia), and, to a lesser extent, Africa.
Trafficking into the country is primarily performed by individuals and small groups related through ethnic, clan, or family ties, as well as, occasionally, organized criminals. Traffickers often forced victims into prostitution and in many cases subjected them to physical and sexual violence, threatened them or their families, encouraged drug addiction, withheld their documents, and incarcerated them. Many victims were forced to work in salons or clubs to pay for travel expenses and forged documents and found themselves dependent on the traffickers. Generally the victims were unable to read, write, or speak the country's languages and were afraid to seek help from the authorities.
Under federal guidelines cantonal authorities must grant trafficking victims a 30-day minimum stay of deportation. They may provide victims willing to cooperate with judicial authorities stays of deportation up to three months, or short‑term residency permits. The law entitles trafficking victims to secure shelter as well as medical, psychological, social, and legal assistance, regardless of their residency status. During 2003 64 trafficking victims received assistance from publicly funded victim assistance centers. The government continued to partially fund Zurich's leading antitrafficking NGO. Zurich formalized its victim referral mechanism in a letter of intent between the NGO and local law enforcement officials.
The government funded several antitrafficking information and education campaigns around the world. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs provided specialized training to its consular staff and distributed trafficking awareness information to visa applicants in local languages.
Persons with Disabilities
The law prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment, education, access to health care, or in the provision of other state services, and it was generally enforced. The law mandates access to public buildings and government services for persons with disabilities, and the government generally enforced these provisions in practice. According to the NGO Equality Handicap, most complaints of discrimination concerned labor issues, education, and access to public buildings.
National/Racial/Ethnic Minorities
According to the federal police, the number of public incidents involving right-wing skinheads, such as arson attacks, assaults, and hate concerts, varied from 117 incidents in 2002, 101 in 2003, and 111 in 2004. Police noted that acts of violence were mostly committed by youths and were more frequently directed against persons rather than property. Police estimated that after a significant increase at the end of the 1990s, the number of right-wing extremists leveled off at approximately 1,000.
There were a few reported cases during the year of violent confrontations between skinheads and young foreigners. According to statistics gathered by the Foundation against Racism and Anti-Semitism, there were 89 reported incidents directed against ethnic minorities during the year. These figures included verbal and written attacks, which were much more common than physical assaults. Investigations of such attacks generally were conducted effectively and led, in most cases, to the arrest of those responsible.
In mid-July four leading members, including the president of the extreme rightwing Party of Nationally Orientated Swiss (PNOS), were found guilty of racial discrimination by a district court in canton Aarau and had to pay fines between $240 and $400 (300 to 500 Swiss francs). The court found that the defendants had publicly disseminated an ideology aimed at belittling or slandering people of certain races, religions, or ethnic origins. PNOS had earlier been the subject of public controversy after two of its members were elected to serve in county-level political office in Bern and Solothurn canton respectively.
The Department of the Interior's Federal Service for the Combating of Racism (FSCR) sponsored a variety of educational and awareness-building projects to combat racism, xenophobia, and anti-Semitism. In addition FSCR has helped finance the establishment of new local consultation centers to assist victims of racial or religious discrimination; approximately 130 such consultation centers or contact points existed in the country.
In June the government brought up for public consultation a draft report on the situation of traveling Jenish in the country. The government rejected ratification of the International Labor Organization's (ILO) Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples but acknowledged that the number of permanent and transit stopping places for travelers was insufficient. The final report on the situation of traveling Jenish was expected in 2006.
Section 6 Worker Rights
a. The Right of Association
The law allows all workers, including foreigners, to form and join unions of their choice without previous authorization or excessive requirements, and workers exercised these rights in practice. Approximately 25 percent of the work force was unionized.
In 2003 the Swiss Trade Union Council (STUC) filed a complaint with the ILO arguing that legal provisions for abusive dismissals did not sufficiently protect activists from antiunion discrimination and were thus not in keeping with the relevant ILO convention that the country ratified. The law provides for a maximum compensation of six months' worth of wages but not for reinstatement. In March 2004 the government asked the ILO to dismiss the STUC complaint since its legislation was fully compliant. However, in November 2004 the ILO concluded that the government did not clearly reject the STUC allegation and called on the government, together with the employers' and workers' organizations, to examine the present situation in law and in practice regarding protection against antiunion dismissals.
b. The Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively
The law allows unions to conduct their activities without interference, and the government protected this right in practice. The law provides for the freedom to bargain collectively, and workers exercised this right freely. Approximately 50 percent of the work force was covered by such agreements. The law provides for the right to strike, and workers exercised this right by conducting legal strikes. The government is allowed to curtail the right to strike of federal public servants only for reasons of national security or safeguarding foreign policy interests, but public servants were denied the right to strike in some cantons and many communes. There are no export processing zones.
c. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor
The law prohibits forced or compulsory labor, including by children; however, there were reports that such practices occurred (see section 5).
d. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment
The government effectively enforced laws and policies to protect children from exploitation in the workplace.
The minimum age for the full-time employment is 15 years. Children over 13 years of age may be employed in light duties for not more than 9 hours per week during the school year and 15 hours otherwise. The employment of youths between the ages of 15 and 20 was regulated strictly; they were not allowed to work at night, on Sundays, or in hazardous or dangerous conditions.
The economic ministry (SECO) monitors the implementation of child labor laws and policies but actual enforcement is the responsibility of the cantonal labor inspectorates; government officials inspected companies that violated the law.
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work
There was no national minimum wage, which resulted in low wage structures for unskilled and service industry workers; however, a majority of the voluntary collective labor agreements contained clauses on minimum compensation, which provided a decent standard of living for a worker and family.
The law sets a maximum 45-hour workweek for blue- and white‑collar workers in industry, services, and retail trades, and a 50-hour workweek for all other workers. The law prescribes a rest period of 35 consecutive hours plus an additional half‑day per week. Pay for overtime was required to be at least 25 percent higher and overtime generally was restricted to 2 hours per day. Annual overtime is limited by law to 170 hours for those working 45 hours per week and to 140 hours for those working 50 hours per week. The government effectively enforced these regulations.
The law contains extensive regulations to protect worker health and safety. SECO and cantonal labor inspectorates effectively enforced the law. Workers have the right to remove themselves from work situations that endanger health or safety without jeopardy to their continued employment, and the authorities effectively enforced this right.


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Continental vs USAirways
Both now charge $15 to check the first bag. I packed for carryon and since I had a nonstop flight from Cleveland on Continental, opted to handle my own bags on the Florida bound trip. It was morning and a small meal of cereal, a banana and muffin was served, along with coffee and juice, still free of charge.
I knew I would be boarding two separate flights on the return trip, however, and didn't want to have to wrestle my bag into two different overhead compartments. At 5 foot 3, I am somewhat vertically challenged and flight attendants aren't always willing to help.
On Sunday, I wanted to hang out on board the Solstice for a couple of hours since my return flight didn't leave until 2:55 p.m. But I was told everyone had to be off the ship by 9 a.m. so it could be readied for that day's arriving passengers. Shuttle buses to both Miami and Fort Lauderdale airports awaited at the ship's Port Everglades terminal as passengers disembarked.
I attempted to get on an earlier USairways flight but was told that everything was booked and overbooked. A sign informed me that the airline would not accept bags until two hours before the flight.
When I finally was able to check the bag , I was afraid I might be charged the $15 fee twice for each leg of the trip. But I paid once and my bag was checked all the way through to Cleveland. I was a little concerned that the bag might not make my second flight, which left Charlotte just 45 minutes after the flight from Fort Lauderdale arrived.
Fort Lauderdale Airport is impressive in the way it handles thousands of passengers on a Sunday - the day cruise ships arrive and depart at nearby Port Everglades. Many cruise passengers are elderly and a fair number are in wheelchairs, which complicates the security process. But my impression was that the necessary procedures are completed with grace and efficiency by both the TSA and the passengers.
Once on board my flight I discovered USAirways charges for everything. Coffee is $1, bottled water and soft drinks are $2, and beer and wine cost $7. There was no food offered, although I noticed several passengers brought sandwiches purchased in the terminal. In order to lighten the load and save on fuel, USAirways has eliminated beverage carts. Flight attendants bustled up and down the aisles during both flights, refilling coffee cups. Refills apparently are free.
Diswmbarking both flights was a super slow process since it seemed as if everyone carried their bags onboard to avoid the fee. When i got to my gate in Charlotee, the Cleveland-bound flight had begun to board.
Everything went as it was supposed to and my bag arrived when I did, although I was $15 poorer for having checked it.


text: Stage I breast cancer. In stage IA, the tumor is 2 centimeters or smaller and has not spread outside the breast. In stage IB, no tumor is found in the breast or the tumor is 2 centimeters or smaller. Small clusters of cancer cells (larger than 0.2 millimeter but not larger than 2 millimeters) are found in the lymph nodes.


text:
Look for these magazines at your news agent or book shop
MiniMag & EasyScience Magazine
Beyond 2000 Careers in Science, Engineering & Technology
Popular Mechanics
Stay connected - receive news, chat, find answers or dial for assistance
Matriculants who are interested in Engineering and have a C symbol for Maths, Science & English can apply to Eskom for scholarships. Closing date is November 2011. Click here to read more information and to download the bursary form.
Sekadi Phayane
Sekadi Phayane is an associate of Vela VKE Consulting Engineers. She has 10 years' experience in traffic and transportation engineering and planning. Her focus is specifically on transportation projects for both local and provincial governments. One of her career highlights was being...
Amanda Hadebe
Amanda Hadebe is a qualified electrical engineer with five years working experience. As one of the best achieving pupils in her community of Soweto, Amanda was subsequently awarded a bursary from AngloGold Ashanti to pursue her life-long dream of becoming an engineer. She...
Melanie Kemp Hofmeyr
Melanie Kemp Hofmeyr is employed by SNA Civil and Structural Engineers in Cape Town as a pavement engineer. Her portfolio includes numerous pavement management systems modules for the Provincial Government of Western Cape (PGWC). Melanie has also been involved with the re-development...
Anna Marie
We speak Anna Marie – Pr Tech Eng on her road to registration. Anna-Marie is the owner of AMS Consultants. Her job responsibilities include the design and implementation of high rise buildings, township development infrastructure design and implementation as well as project...
Jones Moloisane
Jones studied civil engineering and specialised in transportation technology. He is registered as a professional Technologist and lecturer at Tswane University of Technology as well as provides consulting services to industry in the areas of road-pavement design and rehabilitation and road management systems. Read more about Jones' world Read more
Imraan Mahomed
Imraan Mahomed from BKS was crowned the winner in the category of Young Engineer of the Year 2012. The award recognizes his efforts in the establishment of a sustainable operating model for the Moses Mabhida stadium. Imraan has fulfilled the roles of facility...
Hema Vallabh
Hema studied chemical engineering and is working for Sasol. She is also passionate about encouraging girls to join the engineering team. Read more about Hema's world here or visit www.sasol.co.za or www.sawomeng.co.za.
Follow Hema on...
Dino van Rensburg
Congratulations to Dino van Rensburg, the young graduate who recently completed his BTech Electrical Engineering degree at the University of Johannesburg. His is an inspiring story of a young worker at General Motors in the city of Port Elizabeth who was mentored to...
Kinsse Kgole
Tronel Candiotes-Strydom
Tronel Candiotes-Strydom is a Professional Engineering Technologist and is currently employed by SMEC South Africa in their Port Elizabeth Office. Tronél grew up in Gauteng where she went to school and later obtained her B-Tech Degree in Structures at Tshwane University of Technology. Read more
Tafadzwa Mukwena
Tafadzwa Mukwena is a registered candidate engineer with five years' experience in the engineering industry. As a valuable member of the Bigen Africa land development division, Tafadzwa has worked on various internal and link infrastructure projects. He specializes in the design of municipal...
Mabohlale Mampuru
Mabohlale Mampuru studied civil engineering at UCT and is currently working as Associate Consultant at Dalberg Global Development Advisors. Read more about Mabohlale's world here or visit www.SAWomEng.org.za or www.dalberg.com
Dr Michelle Kruger
Michelle studied civil engineering and specialises in water treatment. She works as an Associate Director at CSVwater where she is in charge of various waste water treatment projects. Read more about Michelle's world here or visit www.csvwater.co.za or Read more
Dr Oswald Frank
Dr Oswald Franks is the Chief Executive Officer of the Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA), which is the official body dedicated to the promotion of engineering in South Africa. Read more about Dr Franks' world here or visit www.ecsa.co.za...
Irene Nyirenda
Irene Nyirenda is an ambitious civil design engineer working in the mine infrastructure and waste division of engineering and environmental services firm Golder Associates. For the last five years, Irene has specialized in civil and geotechnical engineering associated to waste contamination...
Johan Ptak
Johan Ptak is a young civil engineer working as a for SSI's Transportation Sector as a bridge design specialist. During this time he has been involved in numerous bridge design projects, ranging from post-tensioned box girder beams to cable-stay pedestrian bridges...
Professor Thokozani Majozi
Thokozani Majozi is a professor in the department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Pretoria with his main research interest being batch process integration. Read more about Prof Majozi's world here or visit www.up.ac.za or www.saiche.co.za
Aerospace engineers are experts in aerodynamics, so some of them put their skills to use in making race cars go faster or golf balls fly further.


text:
Exquisite Visual Treat
Matt Lamothe 02 FAV, Julia Rothman 02 IL and Jenny Volvovski 02 GD – also known as Also Design – have a track record for producing consistently high quality work, both for a wide range of clients and through their own self-driven projects. Their latest, The Exquisite Book: 100 Artists Play a Collaborative Game (Chronicle Books, 2010), presents the work of 100 "of today's hottest indie artists" who participated in an ingenious interpretation of the 1920s surrealist drawing game Exquisite Corpse.
Each created artwork for his or her own page in response to the work on the preceding page, using a set horizon line to connect the two but otherwise taking entirely different approaches – stylistically, thematically and in terms of visual storytelling. Not surprisingly, the results are fascinating, with some artists continuing a recognizable narrative thread and others simply picking up on a particular shape or the general feel of the preceding image. So many subtleties abound that the book invites repeated exploration of each image and each series, which are organized into open-ended chapters with titles such as In the Clouds, In the Forest, In the City.
In their introduction to the book, the trio of alumni confess that the concept for the piece actually began in RISD Foundation Studies art history classes – when they would pass their own drawings-in-process back and forth in the dark of the RISD Auditorium while slide lectures were taking place. "It's quite likely that the three of us failed to become experts in the history of Han Dynasty pottery because we were passing notes instead of taking notes," they write.
The format of The Exquisite Book is as unique as the contents. Each of the 10 chapters is presented as a 10-page accordion pull-out, with work by the first five artists on the front panel and that of the last five on the back. Lamothe and Rothman each contributed their own page and of the 98 other artists from around the world invited to participate, almost a dozen are fellow RISD graduates.


text:
Shop All Sale
Top Pet CalendarShop All Pets
Shop All Gifts
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Hebrew Illuminations Wall Calendar: The ancient and enduring spirit of Jewish tradition comes alive in the Hebrew Illuminations 2012-2013 wall calendar. Jewish artist Adam Rhine has created ornate, highly detailed Judaic paintings in watercolor, colored pencil and acrylic. Each work is crafted to glorify the infinite nobility of the Lord and to visually bring forth His energy within different combinations and intricate patterns. This unique calendar features stunning illuminations of the Yom Tovim (significant Jewish Holy Days), such as Rosh Hashanah (the Jewish New Year), Hanukkah (the Festival of Lights) and Rosh Hodesh (the New Month). Adam Rhine's beautifully intricate Judaic paintings combine modern palettes and aesthetics with the influence of medieval illuminated manuscripts. The calendar spans a full 16 months from September 2012 through December 2013. UPC: 762109062128 EAN: 9781602376212


text:
Purely Decadent
Mint Chip Non-Dairy Frozen Dessert
Produced by Turtle Mountain
"It is our policy to exclude all allergens from our products unless they are known constituents of an ingredient and the allergen is declared on the package. We use state of the art testing procedures with sensitivity to the allergen down to five parts per million (5 ppm). Our allergen program involves validating the cleanliness of the processing line, auditing the raw materials and testing the intermediates and finished products."
"Our gluten-free products are certified by the Gluten-Free Certification Organization, a program of the Gluten Intolerance Group of North America]."
ContactPhone: 1-866-388-7853
Hours: Monday - Friday, 8am - 5pm PT
Online: sodeliciousdairyfree.com/contact-us
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Important: We try to provide the most up-to-date and accurate information available. However, please keep in mind that manufacturer policies and formulations can change at any time, and that some information listed on this site could be out-of-date or contain unintentional errors.
Remember to always read product labels and check with the manufacturer directly if you have any concerns.


text:
Terms & Conditions
Conditions of Use of the Everything-EV.com webstore website
This webstore and its contents have been designed to make browsing and shopping a pleasant and straightforward experience for our customers. While Everything-EV.com tries to offer meaningful basic product guide information, please note that this does not constitute design advice. Some products we sell include manufacturers' website links which customers can contact for more detailed information where necessary.
This website and its contents are copyright and no copying of any kind is permitted without written and signed authorization from the webstore and copyright owner: Alternative Vehicles Technology, Blue Lias House, Station Road, Hatch Beauchamp, Somerset, TA3 6SQ, England, UK.
Alternative Vehicles Technology and Everything-EV.com
Terms and Conditions of Sale
1. Trading name: Everything-EV.com is a trading name of Alternative Vehicles Technology [AVT] at the above address.
2. Privacy: Please see separate privacy notice link displayed on each page of this web site for full details.
3. Conditions of sale and use of the Everything-EV.com website: When you place an order or make a purchase from the Everything-EV.com website you agree to do so subject to these terms and conditions of sale. Everything-EV.com cannot accept any orders subject to a purchaser's terms and conditions of order inconsistent with this contract unless we agree to do so in writing. The contents of the Everything-EV.com website is copyright.
4. Website, phone and fax orders: Everything-EV.com will normally notify customers by email on successful receipt of website orders. We use PayPal to process website payments. When processed, payments made by credit card or PayPal will be notified by PayPal separately. If you do not receive either or both an order confirmation email and or a PayPal notification please contact us.
5. Cancellation Policy: If you are not satisfied with any standard goods from Everything-EV.com you may cancel your order within 7 days of receipt of the goods. You must take reasonable care of the goods and return them to us with the original packaging in a saleable condition by tracked carriage service. We will provide a full refund for the cost of the goods returned and the carriage we paid to send the goods to you. For any goods made to special order this policy does not apply provided that the goods have been correctly made to your order they cannot be returned for a refund. Please see separate Shipping and Returns page link displayed on the Everything-EV.com home page for full details.
6. Prices and Vat: Prices displayed on the Everything-EV.com website include Vat and may be subject to alteration without notice. We will aim to honour prices quoted at the date of your order but reserve the right to invoice at prices ruling on the day of despatch in the event of conditions beyond our control. These may include increases in Vat rates and or any other government duties etc.
7. Terms of payment: Please make full payment for all individual components. Goods will be dispatched when cleared funds are received. We can accept a maximum payment of up to £5000-00 on credit cards or Paypal. For vehicles, conversions and kits you can pay in accordance with the indiviual options detailed on each appropriate web page on this website. If you would like to pay for goods valued above £5000-00 please pay by cheque or contact us for bank transfer details. Please allow 5 working days for cheques to clear before we accept you order.
8. Shipping and Returns: Please see separate Shipping and Returns page link displayed on the home page of Everything-EV.com for full details.
9. Delivery dates: Where quoted delivery dates will be adhered to so far as possible. No liability is accepted for any loss whatsoever whether by non-delivery or delay in delivery or for the non-completion of any contract caused directly or indirectly by circumstances beyond our control of which we alone shall be allowed to judge. If for any reason we consider it necessary to extend a quoted delivery date we reserve the right to do so at any time.
10. Intellectual Property: All rights including design rights, © copyright and any patents or registered designs shall remain at all times the property of AVT. No copying or other use may be made of said intellectual property without express written permission in the form of a licence from AVT for which a charge or fees will be made.
11. Loss or damage: Please refer to our Shipping and Returns page link on the Everything-EV.com home page for full details.
12. Batteries: When used in electric motive vehicles batteries are considered to be part of the fuel. Battery lives are often subject to user conditions outside our control and in some cases the batteries may be specially imported and be of a prototype nature. As a consequence while we will endeavour to replace faulty batteries for a period of up to one year or 6000 miles, which ever occurs sooner, this will be subject to the batteries not being used except entirely in accordance with instructions supplied by us and we shall have the sole right and discretion to judge whether the said batteries have been abused and whether the whole pack, part or none of the batteries may be replaced under warranty conditions. Should any batteries fail within 7 days of delivery please refer to our Shipping and Returns page link on the Everything-EV.com home page for further details of what to do.
13. Parts sales and liabilities: We sell parts only on the basis that we have no control over the use, fitment and suitability of the parts we sell for vehicles and or projects not expressly designed and developed by us. We offer these parts for sale on the basis that the customer is responsible for ensuring the suitability of the parts. We cannot be held liable should these parts be unsuitable or fail due to improper application or use. We cannot accept any liabilities associated with the parts or any contingent liabilities. We shall not be under any liability for damage or loss or expenses resulting from failure to give advice or information or the giving of incorrect advice or information whether or not due to our negligence or that of our employees. Products that may have failed and which have been claimed for under warranty must be returned to us at the customer's expense. Any costs to our customers or otherwise arising from any third party involvement or the free issue of materials will not be accepted. We will not accept any liability to visit the customer's premises free of charge in order to investigate or correct any warranty claims. In addition we will not be liable for nor accept any customer's on costs or any other costs relating to vehicle down time caused by failure of any equipment supplied or repaired by us.
14. Regulations: All vehicles, conversions and kits will be supplied in accordance with our interpretation of UK national regulations pertaining to vehicle construction and use and registration. We do not guarantee that our vehicles, conversions or kits comply with foreign regulations. It will be the customer's responsibility to ensure that any vehicles, conversions or kits purchased will be suitable for compliance with applicable regulations if they are to be used outside the UK. We will be entitled to charge the customer for any time, expenses and parts for any modifications required for compliance with non UK regulations.
15. Property in the goods: Property in the goods shall not pass until such time as cleared payment has been received in full. Property in the goods shall not pass irrespective of any conditions of purchase the purchaser may seek to impose.
16. Law: These conditions and all other express terms of the contract shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of England.
17. Variations: These terms and conditions may be revised by Everything-EV.com at any time without notice.


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Difference between revisions of "Main Page"
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== Possible links ==
== Possible links ==
* '''[[What ALA does for student members]]'''
* '''[[What ALA does for student members]]'''
:* [[How ALA works]] (Jenny and Mary Ghikas?)
:* [[How ALA works]] (Jenny and Mary Ghikas?)
:* [[How to get involved in ALA]] (Mary Jane)
:* [[How to get involved in ALA]] (Mary Jane)
Revision as of 12:23, 25 January 2007
This wiki gives students in ALA-accredited MLIS Programs, NCATE Programs (SLMS), and LTA Programs a place to find information and a place to add information about career development, networking within the association, information about the American Library Association (ALA) and what it's like to be new in libraries.
If you have information on tools and resources feel free to add them to this wiki.
Possible links
- How ALA works (Jenny and Mary Ghikas?)
- How to get involved in ALA (Mary Jane)
- How to join (John)
- Jobs and career development (Lorelle and Beatrice)
- Networking (Wendy)
- Conference Attendance
- Student track at conference (John)
- Scholarships and grants (Lorelle and Kim)
- Accreditation and recognition of programs (Steven and Andrea)
- Discussion forum (Jenny)
- Other helpful sites (Jenny and Steven)
- Recent graduates (John)
- Getting help with your ALA-related research questions (Karen and Wendy)
- Testimonials
- What ALA does for you and your library (John)
- Current events for students
- Members on Facebook, Flickr, MySpace, etc.
- Blog Roll
Consult the User's Guide for information on using the wiki software.


text: This weekly show hosted by Howard Eaton highlights all the great things happening this week in EC Athletics. Player and coach interviews, game highlight packages, as well as special events for EC Athletics will be the focal points of the show. This week's video can be viewed by clicking here!