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IMU offers a variety courses in metaphysical fields including Holistic Health and Energy Healing, Consciousness Studies, Psychic Development and Paranormal Studies, Shamanism, Ufology, or Metaphysical Entrepreneurship and Marketing.
You may choose to take courses for personal development, to receive a certification, or you may choose to work toward either a Master's or Doctorate degree in Metaphysics.
Check out our course offerings below.
Holistic Health & Energy Healing
HH 502: Energy Anatomy
Deborah Lindsey, Instructor
based largely on the work of Caroline Myss in her audiobook, Energy Anatomy
1 Course Credit - $197
In this course, students will begin this journey of becoming a medical intuitive through an understanding of the energetic system of the body and how it relates to illness. Students will learn and explore the chakras and their symbolic meaning regarding to conscious creation and health. They will learn basics on the aura, including how to see auras, and explore the meridian system in the body. Moreover, students will challenge their own perceptions about the causes of illness and what it takes to heal.
Armed with this understanding, students will begin to interact with the energetic system of the body to understand how to read, interpret, and heal illness.
HH 504: Anatomy and Physiology for Energy Healers 1
HH 604: Anatomy and Physiology for Energy Healers 2
Julia Ananeva, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197 (each course)
These courses explore the human body as an integrated whole. Human anatomy and physiology are biological sciences, dealing with the human body and how it functions. Think of it as an owners manual for the wondrous vehicle you use to get around this planet. Burning questions like if I have a stomach ache is it my stomach that hurts, or if someone is a pain in the neck is it my neck or a little lower will be answered. We will cover major organ systems, their location and functioning.
HH 505: Energy Kinesiology and Muscle Testing
John Maguire, Instructor
2 Course Credits - $394
In this comprehensive course you will learn the art and science of manual muscle testing to determine where energetic blockages which can cause stress and pain are located in the body. You will acquire several practical holistic skills for clearing these energy blockages to alleviate pain and clear mental and emotional stress. You will also discover how to ask the body's innate intelligence questions to determine what is at the source of a person's health challenges and which approaches are best to restore health and enhance performance. Also included will be how to determine food and environmental sensitivities. We do not diagnose or treat conditions or diseases through this approach. Instead we find where energetic blockages are in the body and along with doing simple massage and acupressure procedures, we determine through muscle testing what changes a person can make in their lifestyle, diet and thinking to create balance and optimum health.
HH 515: Emotional Freedom Technique Certification Course Level 1 & 2 (Practitioner Course)
Deborah Lindsey, Instructor
3 Course Credits for Level 1&2 Combined Practitioner Course - $499
Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT), which is often referred to as "energy tapping", is a safe and popular energetic healing technique that stimulates acupressure points on the body to eliminate blockages that are causing or contributing to mental, emotional, or physical pain. By consciously tuning into a problem while tapping on specific acupressure points, the energetic blockage is corrected, allowing the body to heal.
This technique espouses that all pain is based on "a disruption in the body's energy system." When you eliminate that disruption, the body returns to normal and the symptoms go away, often on the spot. This technique, which was founded by Gary Craig, is being used by literally tens of thousands of people (including healers, counselors, life coaches, and laypersons) throughout the world. It is highly successful is healing anxiety, depression, phobias, low self-esteem, nail biting, PTSD, headaches, back pain, physical pain, addictions, and much more. It is also highly beneficial as a tool for performance enhancement and for eliminating blockages to creating happy, successful lives.
Consciousness Studies
ORD 501/502: Ordination
Deborah Lindsey, Instructor
1 Course Credit (each course) - $197
In this course, students will enjoy a variety of topics related to the exploration of consciousness. The intention is to provide a solid foundation upon which all of the courses in this program are built. Upon completion of these two courses PLUS CON 501 Principles of Metaphysics, students will be ordained as a Ministerial Lightworker and a Certificate of Ordination will be issued. CON 501, Principles of Metaphysics, provides a basis of understanding of the universal laws as put forth in the Kybalion, the "book" upon which many in the metaphysical belief system would call "the Bible."
This certificate provides a degree of legal protection for students in our programs and prepares students for conducting weddings or funerals, hospital visitations, and for opening their own church or spiritual development center.
CON 501 : Principles of Metaphysics
Deborah Linsdey, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197
In this course, students will learn the 7 Great Principles of metaphysics as put forth by Hermes Trismegistus, who is also known as Thoth and the "scribe of the gods", as put forth in the 1912 publication of "The Kybalion." These principles form the basis of all metaphysical philosophy and can be found in all major religions throughout the world. These principles, when applied, offer the serious student the ability to transmute their life through the process of alchemy (turning lead into gold). This course will introduce these principles and open the student to a world of conscious creation.
CON 502: Comparitive Religions
James Bowman, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197
Most spirituality has a foundation within the framework of a religion. Religion has societal, spiritual and historical contexts. Established religions or faiths have much in common but there are also differences. This course gives an overview of some of the world's most important religions, what they agree upon and how they vary. This class is a cornerstone for later spiritual study.
CON 503: Flower of Life, Sacred Geometry, and the Merkaba
Bruce Vinikas, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197
The Flower of Life, one of the oldest symbols on earth but only recently discovered, is the pattern of LIFE itself and illustrates the unified connection of spirit and matter. Within the symbol can be found the Golden Mean Ratio and the Five Platonic Solids which together form the foundational building blocks of Nature in our physical universe. Nested within the Flower of Life is the MerKaBa which is your first container, the primary energy field that creates your entire reality. The MerKaBa creates all the denser system-fields you may be familiar with--the chakras, your aura, acupuncture meridians, physical organs, mind, body, emotions. The Merkaba is the leading edge of research into how consciousness affects matter (that means how your intention influences your circumstances). Learning how to consciously attune and activate it can bring major positive life changes, enhance manifestation and siddhi development (super normal ability).
CON 511: Understanding the Mayan Calendar
Dr. Carl Johan Calleman, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197
The Mayan calendar is different from all other calendars in fundamental ways. First, it is not based on astronomical cycles and secondly it does not reflect continuous time. Rather it is a description of how sequences of cosmic energies are driving evolution in different processes from seed to mature fruit. Since these stepwise processes are empirically verifiable it becomes clear to the student of this calendar that we are taking part in a cosmic time plan which has a direction. Hence, the Mayan calendar traces the very basis of prophecy and clarifies where we will be going in the time ahead.
CON 514/515: Introduction to Meditation/Advanced Meditation & Spiritual Wisdom
Geoff Byrd, MS, Instructor
1 Course Credit (each course) - $197
Learn to meditate through the use of a variety of symbols & techniques taken from various religions and ancient mystical practices, which have been adapted for use in contemporary lifestyles. Experienced meditators develop improved physical, mental & emotional states of being, which promote deeper and broader awareness of one's connections to a higher, awakened consciousness.
The ultimate and absolute aim of meditation is direct apperception of Truth characterized by a silent mind, which is known by many names but may perhaps best be described as Self/No-Self, and is a very rare attainment. In the meantime there is value in learning and practicing some of the knowledge and methods that humankind has come to know and use for the benefit of themselves and others from antiquity and into the present.
CON 601: The Purposeful Universe
Dr. Carl Johan Calleman, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197
For a fairly long time modern science has presented a view of the universe as fundamentally fragmented, where its different aspects has been studied by different disciplines such as physics, chemistry and biology. This fragmentation differs from the essentially holistic view that the ancient peoples of our planet adhered to which was unified by elements that some would today call mythological or religious. We are however now living in a time where it is again possible to bring the different elements of our understanding in a new and unified view where everything is connected and evolves in purposeful way. This course discusses the wide ranging ramification of the rediscovery of science in 2003 of the Cosmic Tree of Life as a unifying origin of all evolution and helps us understand our purpose in this larger context.
CON 604: Basic Principles of the Law of One
Carla L. Rueckert, MA, Instructor (deceased)
Proxy: James A. McCarty
1 Course Credit - $197
This course explores the principles of the Law of One as given by the Ra Group though L/L Research. In "Basic Principles of the Law of One", students will learn about unity, free will, love, and light as well as exploring the ways of polarity and the functions and use of the energy body. A student entering this course can expect to learn how to graduate from third density, the Density of Choice, and go on to fourth density, the Density of Love.
Psychic Development and Paranormal Studies
IA 501: Foundations of Psychic Development I
IA 502: Foundations of Psychic Development II
Janet Decker, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197 (each course)
Psychic ability is your birthright. Each one of us is endowed with psychic gifts and each person has at least one of them. In Foundations of Psychic Development you will discover what your strongest psychic gift is and you will focus on developing that one as well as others using hypnotic suggestion, guided visualization, practice with card decks, tea leaf reading, psychometry and other tools.
In this course we will take a look at the rather lengthy list of the many different aspects and modalities of what is called psychic ability. We will look at the various tools that can be used to help a person develop and utilize their various psychic gifts and discuss under what conditions one might put these gifts to use. We will also talk about "psychism" in various cultures and organizations and take a more in-depth look at it in regard to spiritualism and metaphysics.
IA 503: Animal Communication
Georgina Cyr, Instructor
2 Course Credits - $394
Animal Communication is a fascinating and spiritual introduction into the animal world. This course is designed to help you develop your natural ability to communicate with animals.
The ability to communicate with animals is a wonderful experience; all that is required is a quiet place to get into your space. You can then begin practicing your communication.
Everything is explained thoroughly on the audio tracks and in the workbook and you are taken step by step through the process.
When communicating with an animal, you will sense the animal's personality, then move into mentally asking them questions, performing a body scan and receiving information from them. You will then have the opportunity to tune into their Higher Self to discover profound messages about where they are in their life's journey.
IA 511: Astrology
Susan Sheppard, Instructor
Allison Sandblom, Proxy
1 Course Credit - $197
Astrology is the oldest science in the world. This course covers the fundamentals of astrology and its history. You will learn how and why astrology has survived and get an in-depth look at the sun signs, moon signs, rising signs and their elements. You will examine not only the twelve signs but also the planets and their influences in the natal chart. Students will learn to: recognize and draw the different astrological and planetary glyphs, receive a clear understanding of sun and moon signs and understand planetary influences and the astrological houses.
IA 512: Tarot I
IA 513: Tarot II
Terry Lively, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197 (each course)
Completing both courses leads to certification.
This course covers the history, symbolism and use of Tarot. The Tarot is a deck of cards that can be used as a tool for developing intuition, but it is more than this. It contains symbolic images that express a mystical philosophy, a philosophy that stems from the mentors of Western culture, Pythagoras and Plato, and that has been cherished by mystics and sages over centuries. The Tarot is a map of the spiritual universe, a mandala, divided into separate components but maintaining the pattern through the relationship of each component to another. The insights provided by the Tarot can assist individual self-growth and show different solutions or outcomes to a particular problem.
In the level 2 course, students will travel deeper into the story of tarot. Students will learn advanced skills toward the goal of becoming proficient, professional practitioners. Those who successfully complete level 2 will be awarded with a practitioners certification from IMU.
Shamanic Studies
SHA 501: Foundations of Shamanism
Mark Perkins, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197
This course studies shamanism from the perspective of anthropology, psychology, consciousness studies, and the physical sciences and gives the student a broad perspective on how shamanic studies relates to research-oriented arts and sciences plus it gives the student a broad historical perspective of shamanism.
SHA 502: Basic Shamanic Journeying
Sandra Ingerman, Instructor
2 Course Credits - $394
This class introduces the basic ideas and techniques of what is known as cross-cultural or Core Shamanism. The focus will be on how to use the techniques of Core Shamanism for basic shamanic journeying into the worlds or realities of the shamanic universe. Techniques for finding and integrating one's personal power animal will taught and how to integrate those energies into your life. This course is taught by Sandra Ingerman.
SHA 513: Toltec Nagual Reiki
Randy Hastings, Instructor (deceased)
Elisa Keith, proxy
1 Course Credit - $197
This form of shamanic Reiki combines the energies of Reiki with the teachings, techniques, and symbols of the Toltec/Mayan shamanic cultures of Mexico. It is a form of hands-on healing that is designed to introduce spiritual seekers and energetic healers to the basic concepts, energies, and techniques of the Toltec Nagual Shamans of Central & Southern Mexico, the Yucatec/Mayan shamans, and the Moundbuilder energies from North America (who are descendants of the Naguals of ancient Mexico) combined with the energies of the original Japanese Usui Reiki.
This class is excellent for anyone who is interested in learning reiki or honing their reiki skills. It is an excellent way to "pump up the volume" on the skills you already have as reiki healer in any of the other traditions or to learn something brand new.
This class is also an excellent choice for anyone who is interested in learning shamanism or who will be taking the Shamanic Studies training through IMU.
SHA 603/604: Fundamentals of Huna Shamanism / Advanced Huna Shaman Training
Serge King, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197 (each course)
Huna is a name given to the esoteric knowledge of ancient Hawaii. Shamanism is a craft that uses the powers of the mind and the forces of nature for healing and creativity.
This course will cover Huna concepts and practices based on the following seven principles:
- The world is what you think it is
- There are no limits
- Energy flows where attention goes
- Now is the moment of power
- To love is to be happy with...
- All power comes from within
- Effectiveness is the measure of truth
The students will learn basic skills for personal development and healing in preparation for applying them to further studies of Huna Shamanism.
SHA 605: Ho'oponopono - A Shamanic Exploration
Mark Perkins, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197
Learn this Hawaiian spiritual counseling technique for achieving balance in relationships and situations of many kinds. Additionally, use your shamanic journeying skills to observe the results of Ho'oponopono.
Ufology Studies
UFO 501: Introduction to Ufology
UFO 601: Intermediate Ufology
Richard Dolan, Course Creator
Ben Lovegrove, Proxy
1 Course Credit - $197 (each course)
Take advantage of this rare opportunity to learn directly from Richard Dolan, the world-renowned author, researcher, and speaker, in this fully-integrated and interactive online course!
These cutting-edge, exclusive courses, explores the implications on the world of this oh-so-important field of study. This intense, college-level course delves deep into the field of Ufology, and offers a rare opportunity to learn directly from Richard Dolan himself.
This is a comprehensive overview of the UFO phenomenon for people of the 21st century. It provides up-to-date information and analysis relating to the full history of UFOs, from ancient times to our own era, focusing on the most significant and instructive cases.
UFO 502: An Introduction to Sitchin Studies
Neil Freer, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197 (each course)
This Introduction to Sitchin Studies course is designed to give you an essential, solid background in the basic thesis of the Sumerian scholar, Zecharia Sitchin. His Nobel prize level scholarship has restored our real history as a genetically engineered, created species, by the Anunnaki, our parent species who colonized Earth 450,000 years ago, who are the "gods" of the Bible and whose home planet is the recently rediscovered Nibiru, tenth in our solar system.
UFO 503: Variety of Extraterrestrial Encounters
Barbara Lamb, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197
In this course the student will learn about the range of people who have encounters with extraterrestrial beings, clues and evidence that these encounters have happened, determining the reality or unreality of the encounters, the large variety of beings who visit people, the wide range of procedures that the beings do with abducted humans (including procedures publicized by public media and lesser known procedures), negatively experienced encounters and positively experienced encounters, various types of ongoing relationships with individual ET beings, the reproduction program and hybrid babies (and the reasons given for this), people being educated on space crafts and by receiving downloaded information from the ETs.
UFO 510: Mind Traveling UFOs and Extraterrestrial Civilizations I
UFO 610: Mind Traveling UFOs and Extraterrestrial Civilizations II
John Terry, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197 (each course)
Advanced techniques for Mind Traveling UFOs and Extraterrestrial Civilizations. These techniques go beyond ordinary Remote Viewing and allow for actual communication and interaction with Extraterrestrial & Advanced Life forms. These Advanced Techniques will prepare students for facilitating their own peaceful UFO and Extraterrestrial contact.
UFO 511: Introduction to Exoconsciousness
UFO 611: Advanced Exoconsciousness
Rebecca Hardcastle, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197 (each course)
Introduction to Exoconsciousness offers the opportunity to enter into a new relationship with ourselves as human--spawn from and one with the stars. Extraterrestrial.
Exoconsciousness is necessary for developing a new definition of humans as extraterrestrial.
To this end, our course will center on theoretical research, practical tools, and growth. Get ready. This Exoconsciousness course may provoke insight as we delve into some of the most perplexing human questions.
UFO 602: UFOs, Extraterrestrials, and The Mystery Schools
Judy Kennedy, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197
In this course, students will discover the little known connections between UFOs, ETs, and the Mystery Schools of Ageless Wisdom. They will also cultivate an understanding of the significance of those connections for the benefit of one and all.
The course includes 5 topical sections that will be studied in sequence as follows: Groundwork: Exploring the origin, purpose, and current work of the mystery schools of ageless wisdom through a modern multidisciplinary approach.
Inside the Mystery Schools: Who they are, how they teach, and their extraterrestrial origins.
Hidden History Revealed: How extraterrestrial intelligence manifests and works through the eastern and western spiritual traditions from a historical perspective. Communication: Cosmic code, sacred language, and contact. Renewing the Cosmic Connection: East meets west, Buddhist Christianity, and the return of our extraterrestrial ancestors.
Metaphysical Entrepreneurship and Marketing
MBUS 501: Creating the Foundation for Your Irresistibly Authentic Metaphysical or Holistic Healing Consultancy
Diane Boerstler M.NLP, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197
If you KNOW you'd love to become the life-changing owner of your own metaphysical or holistic healing business…and you're just not clear about the best way to get all the working pieces moving in the right direction? Then consider this course your 'Quick-Start - Easy Button". (Masters in Metaphysical Business or Certificate Requirement. NOTE: Current metaphysical or holistic business practitioners are NOT required to take this course with instructor approval.)
MBUS 601: Creating Your Rapidly Saleable Business Programs and Packages
Diane Boerstler M.NLP, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197
If You KNOW You'd Like to Offer "Some" Metaphysical or Holistic Healing Solution to Your Ideal Clients…And You're Still Struggling to Decide 'What' to Offer and How to Package 'Your What' for Maximum Sales…Then MBUS 601 is the Escalator to Your Dreams (Masters in Metaphysical Business Requirement. Prerequisite: MBUS 501 OR Instructor Approval)
MBUS 650: Finding YOUR Authentic Selling Voice & Creating the Words that Inspire Your Ideal Clients to Buy
Diane Boerstler M.NLP, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197
If you have your Metaphysical Business Plan, you've cleared out many of your limiting beliefs, and you know what exciting solutions you're going to sell, then MBUS 650 is your front row ticket to discover …Then MBUS 650 is Your Front Row Ticket to Discover Your Authentically Inspiring Sales Voice, so Your Ideal Clients See Your Value, Feel the Connection, Trust You Implicitly and BUY (Masters in Metaphysical Business Requirement)
|Coming Soon!
MBUS 675: Attracting Your Ideal Client & Kickstarting Your Automatic Income Generation Systems
Diane Boerstler M.NLP, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197
Ready to locate the clients who will fuel the financial fortitude behind your metaphysical or holistic healing business? Automate your income, kickstart your financial abundance, and scale-up your success with the proven principles taught in MBUS 675. (Masters in Metaphysical Business Requirement)
|Coming Soon!
OPTIONAL COURSE (No Prerequisites Required OR Current Business Owners Take This Instead of MBUS 501)
MBUS 690: Placing Your Financial Success on Autopilot
Diane Boerstler M.NLP, Instructor
1 Course Credit - $197
If you're ready to explode your business growth, profit and results, so you can create the greatest imaginable impact for your clients, patients, or students…then Putting Your Success on Autopilot May Be Your Fast-Pass to the Ride of Your Life. (Not a Requirement)
|Coming Soon!


text: Wall Track is a low-cost, zero-footprint mounting system that attaches to most vertical surfaces. It accommodates an entire computer workstation.Brackets are required to attach components to Wall Track (order separately; view Accessories). The height of components can be adjusted by loosening set-screws on these brackets.- Acts as a common interface for Wall Mount Arms and CPU Holders; accommodates an entire computer system.- Strengthens installation by distributing weight over a larger surface area.- Sturdy, extruded aluminum construction.- OSHPD pre-approved for California hospital requirements.- Includes channel covers that conceal and route cables.

subset: commoncrawl


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Yes. but you should use 'Great Britain', not GB.
English Teacher
1. GB comprises England, Scotland and Wales.
2. GB is comprised of England, Scotland and Wales.
Is 2 also grammatical?
Yes. but you should use 'Great Britain', not GB.
I'm not a teacher yet, but I am studying a Bachelor of Education with an English Literature major at Charles Sturt University, in NSW, Australia.
You can in contexts where it's clear. I think it's OK here.
I think if you're referring to any country/collective of countries, you should use the full name. But that's just my personal opinion based on what I was taught in school.
I'm not a teacher yet, but I am studying a Bachelor of Education with an English Literature major at Charles Sturt University, in NSW, Australia.
GB isn't used as often as UK, but it's certainly used a lot. I'm very surprised that you say you've never seen it, HannibalII. If you watched any of the London Olympics you will have seen GB used throughout. Our Olympic team were called "Team GB". It's also the abbreviation that we put on the stickers on the back of our cars when driving abroad to show where the car is from.
Remember - if you don't use correct capitalisation, punctuation and spacing, anything you write will be incorrect.
I agree with all of you; at least in part. Here's my tuppence worth.
First, I agree with HannibalII's first response that, in the particular circumstances of the question, "Great Britain" should have been used. I say that because all the individual countries were named in full, so the collective term for them should also have been named in full.
In other circumstances, I agree with Odessa Dawn and Tdol that it's perfectly fine to use the abbreviation "GB" - so long as the context is appropriate, and only these 3 countries are included. Unlike HannibalII, I do see "GB" used, but all too often incorrectly when the context includes Northern Ireland. In these circumstances, the term "UK" should be used. Because the "United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" is such a mouthful, it is almost never quoted in full, and "UK" is used almost exclusively.
I'm not a teacher of English, but I have spoken it for (almost) all of my life....


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Loyal audiences were left stunned following the death of one of the main characters of "The Good Wife" Sunday night.
Attorney Will Gardner was shot by his deranged client during a courtroom scene. Gardner, played by actor Josh Charles, was later pronounced dead in the hospital after viewers were offered, then denied, a glimmer of hope of that he would in fact live.
"The Good Wife" demise is just one in a recent string of shocking TV deaths that have left audiences opened mouth in disbelief and set social media buzzing over the unceremonious exit of one of their favorite characters.
From "House of Cards'" Zoe Barnes encounter with a Washington subway train to Matthew Crawley's surprise exit from "Downton Abbey," and all the way back to the reveal that Dan Connor had in fact passed away on "Roseanne," here are 10 television deaths that still have viewers talking.
"Scandal" - James Novak
"Scandal" stars warned viewers via social media not to miss the first few minutes of Thursday's episode and they weren't kidding: Jake (Scott Foley), head of the top secret spy agancy B-613, shot and killed James Novak (Dan Bucatinsky), the husband of President Grant's chief of staff, in order to prevent him from spilling the beans to the public about Sally (Kate Burton) murdering her husband.
"House of Cards" - Zoe Barnes
Audiences were thrilled when season 2 of the Netflix drama returned on Valentines Day. Pleasure quickly turned to shock and pain when, during the premiere episode no less, Barnes went to meet ex-lover Frank Underwood (Kevin Spacey) in a shadowy Washington metro station. After agreeing to delete all messages from him on her phone, Underwood pretends to walk away only to circle back and remorselessly push Barnes into the path of an oncoming train.
"Downton Abbey" - Matthew Crawley
As season 3 of the soapy British period drama was drawing to a close, audiences were aglow in the knowledge that happiness had finally found Crawley and his wife Lady Mary thanks to their marriage and the recent birth of their son. A thrilled Matthew rushes home to impart the news of his child to his extended family but is caught off guard by an truck winding its way through the country lane on which he is driving. The season ends with a shot of Matthew in his mangled car, blood pouring down his face. Airing on Christmas night in the UK, viewers were left reeling at the sudden loss.
"Family Guy" - Brian Griffin
For an animated show that revels in tongue-in-cheek violence and often murderous mayhem, the unexpected death (and schmaltzy goodbye) of Griffin family dog and longstanding cast member Brian had audiences and Twitter in an uproar, including petitions for his return. Creator Seth MacFarlane's silence over the demise and the show's swift replacement of Brian with new dog Vinny (Tony Sirico) hinted that something was still afoot in the "Family Guy" realm. And it was. Three weeks later Stewie regained his ability to time travel and Brian was returned to the family fold.
"The Walking Dead" - Lori Grimes
Sure, by the time lead character Rick Grimes' wife Lori bit it (zombie pun intended) early in season three, viewers were up to there with her back-and-forth antics between the husband she thought to be dead and his former police partner Shane. Lori, portrayed by Sarah Wayne Callies, ultimately sacrifices herself for her unborn daughter during an emergency Cesarean Section. But it's not the procedure that kills her. In a monumental twist in a show filled with shockers, Carl (Rick and Lori's pre-teen son) says a final goodbye to his mother before shooting her in the head in order to save her from an undead fate at the hands (and mouths) of the approaching zombies.
"Mad Men" - Lane Pryce
Financial office Lane Pryce (actor Jared Harris) always appeared caught between the stiff upper lip of his British upbringing and the burgeoning excesses of the late 1960s in New York City where he worked as part of the ad agency Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce in the AMC drama series. Pryce stole money from the agency - an act discovered by lead character Don Draper (Jon Hamm) - in order to pay off private debts. Rather than admit to his proper British wife that he had failed in some aspect of his career, he attempts to commit suicide in the Jaguar car she has bought with money they don't have. Cut to a later scene in the office and Joan (Christina Hendricks) attempts to enter Pryce's office after noticing a nasty smell. The other partners eventually bust in, only to find Pryce hanging from his office door alongside a note announcing his resignation.
"The Sopranos" - Adriana La Cerva
The writing was on the wall for Adriana (Drea de Matteo) the minute she admitted to her mobbed-up fiance Christopher (Michael Imperioli) that she had become an FBI informant. Adriana believed a new, safe life awaited the couple in the witness protection program, a plan Christopher eventually agreed to join her in. Soon after, Tony (James Gandolfini) calls Adriana to tell her Christopher has attempted suicide and is the hospital. But when a comrade of her betrothed takes Adriana for a drive into the New Jersey woods rather than to the hospital, viewers knew exactly what side of the family Christopher had ultimately chosen. After attempting to flee, Adriana is dragged from the car and gunned down.
"The Simpsons" - Maude Flanders
Thanks to a target painted on Homer's bare chest in order to score free t-shirts at Springfield's raceway, Maude (wife of evangelical neighbor Ned) is hit with a wayward jersey missile that knocks her from the bleachers into the parking lot below. RIP Maude. Never a key player in the Simpsons universe, Rev. Lovejoy sums ups Maude's contribution to the animated juggernaut in her eulogy: "In many ways, Maude Flanders was a supporting player in our lives. She didn't grab our attention with memorable catchphrases, or comical accents. But, whether you noticed her or not, Maude was always there...''
"Roseanne" - Dan Connor
Just when audiences believed life in the Connor household was getting sunnier thanks to a lottery win for the family, a love match for Jackie, a new baby for Darlene and Dan's (John Goodman) continued recovery from a heart attack, the rug was pulled from beneath viewer's feet. It was all a dream! The storylines were simply figments of Roseanne's (Roseanne Barr) imagination in order to cope with the reality of her life: Dan did in fact die of his heart attack at Darlene's wedding.
"The West Wing" - Mrs Landingham
A steady presence in the whirling corridors of politics, Delores Landingham (played by Katherine Joosten and universally referred to as Mrs Landingham on the show) was President Josiah Bartlet's (Martin Sheen) personal secretary and surrogate big sister throughout the the first two seasons of the hit NBC series. Mrs Landingham is killed by a drunk driver while driving herself to the White House to show the President her new car. A request made directly from the Oval Office. Her death deeply affected the President, not to mention the viewers who had come to see Landingham as one of the few people the President had complete faith in.


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From Food to Breweries to Candles, Businesses Embracing Pumpkins
(NEW YORK) -- Once reserved for the holiday pie and jack-o'-lanterns, America is embracing the pumpkin in a huge way. From lattes to beer to candles and car deodorizers, there's scarcely a product line that doesn't include the giant gourds, which supporters say can even improve your love life.
It's not clear how and where the pumpkin craze began, but Starbucks was certainly an early mover. Eleven years ago, the world's largest coffee chain rolled out its Pumpkin Latte, though recently the chain has upped the ante on its pumpkin products. A promotional Facebook page on the drink reportedly crashed shortly after it was launched last month.
Chains featuring pumpkin on their menu have increased 38 percent since 2010, according to the Menu Monitor Trend-Tracking tool by Technomic, a food research and consulting company.
Dunkin' Donuts is offering pumpkin cream cheese and pumpkin muffins, to go with its glazed pumpkin cake donuts and pumpkin coffee. At Einstein Bros., there are two types of pumpkin bagels and a new pumpkin scone. And frozen custard brand Culver's is rolling out three new desserts with pumpkin flavoring mixed in. Sonic even has a pumpkin pie shake.
First seen as an offbeat entry into the drink marketplace, it seems as though it's the rare coffee outlet that doesn't include pumpkin on the menu. Caribou Coffee's newest pumpkin line, which it calls Pumpkin Perfected, includes pumpkin white chocolate mocha, pumpkin bread and pumpkin chai tea.
Pumpkin beers seemingly hit stores earlier than ever before, with some being spotted in late July.
Pumpkin and fermented yeast were combined in the late 1980s when California-based Buffalo Bill's Brewery debuted its Pumpkin Ale. Since then, more than 100 breweries have followed with their versions, including the big boys.
Anheuser-Busch InBev's Shock Top and MillerCoors' Blue Moon both have pumpkin beers. The popular seasonal beer category even saw an entry by Sam Adams this year, which made a small batch of a brew called Fat Jack, made with 28 pounds of real pumpkin in each barrel, the company says.
And then there's the alleged amorous properties of pumpkins. Seattle's Best Coffee held a nationwide contest in August to create its next drink. The winner was Eileen Gannon, whose coffee included caramelized bacon and pumpkin spice flavors.
Gannon called the drink "How to Win a Guy With One Sip," citing a study that found that pumpkin pie scent was an aphrodisiac for men. The study, conducted last year by the Smell and Taste Treatment and Research Foundation of Chicago, said that the smell of pumpkin got 40 percent of the subjects aroused.
And there's no problem finding that smell should you need some. Scent producer Yankee Candle makes its spiced pumpkin scent in candles, room spray and car deodorizers.
Copyright 2012 ABC News Radio


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This climate type occurs primarily on the periphery of the true deserts in low-latitude semiarid steppe regions. It is transitional to the tropical wet-dry climate on the equatorward side and to the mediterranean climate on its poleward margin, with a cooler, wetter winter resulting from the higher latitude and mid-latitude frontal cyclone activity. Annual precipitation totals are greater than in tropical and subtropical desert climates. Yearly variations in amount are not as extreme as in the true deserts but are nevertheless large.
The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "BSk". (Tropical and Subtropical Steppe Climate).
The average temperature for the year in Berri is 61.0°F (16.1°C). The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of 73.0°F (22.8°C). The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of 50.0°F (10°C).
The average amount of precipitation for the year in Berri is 10.0" (254 mm). The month with the most precipitation on average is May with 1.0" (25.4 mm) of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is January with an average of 0.0" (0 mm). In terms of liquid precipitation, there are an average of 68.2 days of rain, with the most rain occurring in August with 9.3 days of rain, and the least rain occurring in March with 2.6 days of rain.


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Large screen makes gaming and watching videos very comfortable
4G and microSD support, Large, bright screen
UI navigation is pretty smooth
Crisp or clear as many other smartphones
Highest-resolution camera ever on a U.S. smartphone
Comfortable to use despite such a large display
Fast performance
Great voice quality
ReviewGist helps you find the best products to buy by making sense of online reviews.
We are currently aggregating 376,500 reviews
covering over 29,474 products.
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text: Former dictator and Gen. Jorge Rafael Videla (left), and former general and member of the military junta Reynaldo Bignone in a Buenos Aires court on Thursday. Juan Mabromata /AFP/Getty Images hide caption toggle caption Juan Mabromata /AFP/Getty Images The Two-Way Justice For Argentina's 'Stolen Children;' 2 Dictators Convicted July 6, 2012 Nearly four decades later, there's some solace for the families of young women in Argentina who were killed after giving birth under orders from the country's then-dictators. The women's babies — Argentina's "stolen children" — were then handed over to loyal members of the military.


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Mother Issues
She's a mega-star who started young and seemed to not be affected by the child star curse. Seemed to be. But eventually, that sh-t will find you, even on a delay.
It's the mother. Though the parents were previously thought to be harmless... the mother now appears to be going full Dina Lohan. The mother has been hitting her up for cash for a while now, the better part of a year. To support her own projects, resurrect her own failed dreams, and her new relationship -- so essentially she's bankrolling her ma's midlife crisis. The daughter can afford it, certainly, and if it was just the money, it wouldn't be getting out, but now she's being asked by her mother to leverage her own fame and influence for industry contacts and connections. Since she can't get a meeting on her own, she's been namechecking her daughter to get in the door, and when that doesn't work, she's been pressuring her daughter to step in on her behalf, jeopardising her daughter's reputation. No matter how hot you are, you don't want to be known as the girl with That Mother. It's becoming a concern for the daughter's management team, as they worry that her ma's increasingly aggressive famewhoring will undo their own moves in advancing the young star's career. As you can imagine, it's a delicate, uncomfortable situation. She is loyal and protective to and of her family. But she cannot deny that her mother may be compromising her professionally and is torn about whether or not to indulge her mother's demands or look out for herself instead. She's stressed, and while that doesn't excuse her mistakes, it does provide some insight about some of her behaviour.
By the way, her boyfriend has been very supportive through all of this, certainly her most reliable source of strength.


text: Back when Carter was first born, I bought a set of month-by-month onesie stickers from Etsy that I used to document his first year. At the time, I seriously thought I was the MOST creative mom on the block. But boy, oh boy, have some of these other moms outdone […] Read More »


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A sponge changed my life.
Many years ago, a friend introduced the Mr. Clean Magic Eraser sponge as a solution for removing the black marks from my walls. It worked as promised and left me wondering what other cleaning conundrums I could tackle.
Here are the best ways I've discovered to use this magical sponge. As with any product (even one so magical), please test on a small area first.
- Removing organic stains. Whether it's a tub, sink or toilet ring, this sponge will remove it all with very little scrubbing and no need for any additional cleanser.
Source: Pinterest
- Cleaning fixtures, from porcelain to chrome. Unfortunately, this sponge doesn't work on stainless surfaces, although olive oil or WD40 will remove those streaks.
Source: thefrugalhomemaker
- Removing grout stains. This may take a few sponges, but the Magic Eraser can work on grout. Pro tip: After cleaning, let the grout dry and use a sealant to provide further staining.
Source: stain-removal-101
- Cleaning tennis shoes. I've brought shoes back from the brink of garbage many times.
Source: Pinterest
- Tackling baseboards. I hate cleaning baseboards, but this actually gets into the lines and does a great job with just one sweep.
Source: onegoodthingbyjillee
- Erasing coffee and tea stains. These are a few of the hardest stains to remove. I love using the Magic Eraser to quickly erase these stains—it even works on set-in stains and the coffee pot.
Source: beingfrugalbychoice
- Removing sticky residue on jars, counter tops, tables, floors or anywhere. This is my worst nightmare. Now, all I do is soak in hot water, rub with Magic Erase, and voila, all gone.
Source: thefrugalhomemaker
- Cleaning windows (and windowsills) and doors. This sponge is a much better and less messy alternative to cloth or paper towels, which can leave lint behind.
Source: domesticability
- Cleaning dry erase boards and walls. Most any solid surface that has been marred by markers (even permanent), crayons or pens can be fixed with this sponge. Magic Eraser works 99% of the time, though you should be careful on walls as it is so good that it can take off paint.
Source: Pinterest
- Spiffing up your plastic patio furniture. Those versatile white chairs are an inexpensive choice for the outdoors—they can withstand the elements well and look great dressed up with some cushions. Cleaning them is a pain, but the sponge can get rid of all stains, even yellowing.
Source: prettyhandgirl
Before you shop: Check out our coupon to save $0.55 off Mr. Clean Magic Eraser. The Mr. Clean Magic Eraser sponge is very reasonably priced to begin with, so this is a big deal. My recommendation is to cut them into pieces so that you can use and toss.


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This #GivingTuesday donate $25 for 25 Years of Service!
Last year your contributions helped LCHC continue our mission to advance health equity for all Californians!
In 2018 – with your donations – LCHC:
- Trained and activated hundreds of community leaders, including youth, and engaged thousands of residents on health equity issues in the Central Valley, Los Angeles, and Inland Empire regions
- Sponsored and received the Governor's signature on legislation including increasing funding for healthy food access in corner stores, making water and low-fat milk the default option in kids meals at restaurants, and reporting Alzheimer's disease disparities.
- Mobilized community through our social media platforms to support new narratives on diversity and inclusion to counteract divisive rhetoric against Latinx and immigrant communities.
- Launched our first annual Latinx Health Equity Awards – recognizing health equity leaders across California !
We could not have reached these goals without your help and support!
Today, California's Latino community represents 39% of the State's population–that's 15 million strong! The 2018 Midterms showed that Latinos are civically engaged now more than ever – with a 174% increase in voter turnout from 2014.
The top issues that Latinos care about–good-paying jobs, affordable health care, access to healthy food and nutrition, and humane immigration reform–are issues that are important to all Californians.
For 25 years the Latino Coalition for a Healthy California (LCHC) has been a major voice for initiating and advancing policies and programs to build healthy communities. Through community engagement, policy advocacy, and research, LCHC has been instrumental in promoting the health and well-being of all Californians. Together with community leaders, legislators, advocacy partners and yourself, we will continue to promote equity, justice, and health for all.
Join us to advance equity, justice, and health by DONATING today!
Your commitment to health equity and justice for all means the world to us, and we are humbled by your unwavering support.
With deep appreciation,
The Staff at LCHC
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2019 Policy Priorities
Policy Report: Bridges to a Healthier CA for All_2019 Latinx Health Policy Priorities Co-sponsored Bills: SB 347 (Monning): Sugar-sweetened Beverages Warning Labels SB 347 Factsheet AB 512 ( Ting): Cultural Competence in Mental Health AB 512 Fact Sheet AB 656 (E. Garcia): Office of Healthy and Safe Communities AB 656 Fact Sheet (Updated)
Lessons Learned from Evidence Based Research to Strategic Communication
Oral health discourse has gained strength in the media and advocacy space recently resulting in a multitude of messages. The Central Valley Health Policy Institute and the Latino Health Coalition (LCHC) partnered to analyze oral health access issues and collaboratively crafted a series of strategic messages. This one-pager "Lessons Learned from Evidence-Based Research to Strategic Communication" lays out…
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You are looking at 1-20 of 394 articles
Agrarian Reform in Bolivia in the 20th and 21st Centuries
Carmen Soliz
Until the 1950s, the distribution of land in Bolivia, as in the rest of Latin America, was very unequal. But in 1953, a year after the 1952 national revolution, the nationalist revolutionary movement (MNR) enacted a decree on agrarian reform that dismantled feudal haciendas in the western highlands, abolished the system of forced peasant labor, and distributed expropriated lands to peasants. While the decree proved redistributive in the Altiplano and valleys, it ended up creating new concentrations of land in Bolivia's eastern lowlands. This area, which constituted two thirds of Bolivia's territory, was home to a number of indigenous groups who were displaced from their lands because of the expansion of latifundio in the second half of the 20th century. In 1996, after pressure from below, the neoliberal government of Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada (1993–1997) approved a new agrarian law that recognized indigenous rights to collective territory (Tierra Comunitaria de Origen, TCO). In 2006, left-leaning President Evo Morales approved a new agrarian law. Although the new legislation mostly ratified the 1996 law, it established that only indigenous and peasant populations could be granted state lands. Despite this legislation claiming to protect the majority Indian and peasant population, scholars such as Colque, Tinta, and Sanjines note that it was under a neoliberal government, between 1996 to 2006, that much of the process of land distribution favored to indigenous groups of the lowlands, and it was under left-leaning President Evo Morales (from 2010 to the present [2018]) that much of land distribution favored medium and agricultural enterprises. The most important clash between the self-proclaimed indigenous Evo Morales and lowland indigenous groups was in September 2011 when indigenous groups living in the National Park and Indigenous Territory Isiboro Sécure (TIPNIS) protested against the government's unilateral decision to build a road through their territory. Since 2011 (up to the present, 2018) the tension and political distance between president Morales and his loyal coca-leaf grower supporters—many of whom live on the borders of the park and are invested on the construction of the road—versus the indigenous groups of the lowlands have only grown. Ironically, it seems to be under Morales that key indigenous rights such as the right to prior consultation or the right to consolidate territories (TCOs) seem to be at the most risk.
Agrarian Revolt in the Sierra of Chihuahua
Elizabeth A. Henson
On September 23, 1965, several years of protest, including land invasions, strikes, sit-ins, and cross-country marches, culminated in an armed attack on an army base located in the remote town of Madera, Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. Protesters had demanded that the state comply with land reform guarantees provided for by the constitution of Mexico; students from the normal schools joined in and raised their own demands. Instead of negotiating partial reforms, the state governor called out troops to burnish his reputation as an anti-communist crusader. Nominally organized in the Unión General de Obreros y Campesinos de México, movement leaders broke with national directives and encouraged "direct action" and illegal occupations, while the normalistas acted within a student activist tradition rooted in the Marxism of the 1930s. The agrarian demands came from landless workers in an agricultural valley planted in cotton, whose fortunes were linked to the world market and from dispossessed smallholders in the mountainous backlands now claimed by timber export companies. This mid-century modernization of land use had its counterpart in the protestors' emulation of the Cuban revolution and their attempt to apply Che's theory of guerrilla warfare. As the governor's recalcitrance radicalized the movement, small groups undertook sporadic armed actions in the mountains, disarming forces sent after them. Other leaders moved to Mexico City to avoid arrest, undergo military training, and attempt to gather support; they returned to Chihuahua with the plan to attack the army base. Despite its spectacular failure, the event has been hailed as Mexico's first socialist guerrilla struggle and served as inspiration for the dirty war of the 1970s, when armed revolutionaries fought the armed power of the state. Attention to its armed component has eclipsed the movement's underlying basis, which was equally innovative and had lasting influence on Mexican social protest.
Agricultural Transformations in Sugarcane and Labor in Brazil
Thomas D. Rogers
The Portuguese took sugarcane from their Atlantic island holdings to Brazil in the first decades of the 16th century, using their model of extensive agriculture and coerced labor to turn their new colony into the world's largest producer of sugar. From the middle of the 17th century through the 20th century, Brazil faced increasing competition from Caribbean producers. With access to abundant land and forest resources, Brazilian producers generally pursued an extensive production model that made sugarcane's footprint a large one. Compared to competitors elsewhere, Brazilian farmers were often late in adopting innovations (such as manuring in the 18th century, steam power in the 19th, and synthetic fertilizers in the 20th). With coffee's growth in the center-south of the country during the middle of the 19th century, sugarcane farming shifted gradually away from enslaved African labor. Labor and production methods shifted at the end of the century with slavery's abolition and the rise of large new mills, called usinas. The model of steam-powered production, both for railroads carrying cane and for mills grinding it, and a work force largely resident on plantations persisted into the mid-20th century. Rural worker unions were legalized in the 1960s, at the same time that sugar production increased as a result of the Cuban Revolution. A large-scale sugarcane ethanol program in the 1970s also brought upheaval, and growth, to the industry.
Agustín Lorenzo: Beloved Bandit of History and Folklore
Liliana Toledo Guzmán
Agustín Lorenzo was a prototypical social bandit, according to Eric Hobsbawm's definition in his studies of that phenomenon. As a bandit from south central Mexico believed to have lived between the 18th and 19th centuries, the exploits of Agustín Lorenzo have been recounted in myriad ways: myths, legends, loas, corridos, films, carnival representations, among others. Lorenzo is said to have stolen from the rich to give to the poor, swearing to avenge his grandfather's mistreatment at the hands of his employer, the local landowner. To achieve his mission, the story goes, Lorenzo made a pact with the devil, to obtain supernatural powers. The attributes of this bandit undoubtedly place him in the same category as the great body of stories about banditry that have survived for centuries around the world, particularly considering their shared essence: a desire for justice. In the case of Agustín Lorenzo, it is possible to disentangle the universal principles Hobsbawm established regarding the phenomenon of social banditry from the local context in which this particular myth lives on. Hence, to analyze the myth of Agustín Lorenzo, it is essential to explore the narratives and meanings of the cosmogony of the Nahua peoples of south-central Mexico.
Alcohol in the Atlantic
David Carey Jr.
Dating from the earliest times in Latin America, alcohol has played a crucial social, economic, political, and cultural role. Often reserved for politico-religious leaders, alcohol was a conduit through which power flowed in many pre-contact indigenous societies; indigenous drinkways (production, commerce, and consumption habits) were associated with communal ritual events and social prestige. Introduced to the Americas by Europeans, distillation profoundly altered the potency of alcoholic drinks for people who were accustomed to fermentation. Even as the social and cultural practices of alcohol consumption changed over time, alcohol continued to have political and economic implications in the colonial and national periods in Latin America. Fearing that inebriation bred disorder and recognizing that moonshining undercut their own revenues, colonial and national governments alike sought to regulate, if not control, the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol. In nations as diverse as Mexico, Bolivia, Peru, and Guatemala, indigenous women came to play integral roles in the (oftentimes illicit) sale and production of alcohol. A cash nexus for moving labor and land and a crucial component of the economic system by which (often unscrupulous) labor brokers recruited workers, alcohol was a currency of local economies. As a commodity of local, national, and international significance, alcohol shaped the fate of nation-states.
People's class, ethnic, race, and gender identities all played into their access to alcohol. Although a person's choice of libation could define their position, some of the more fascinating histories of alcohol are punctuated with women and men who used alcohol to disrupt social conventions. Through the consumption of alcohol, rituals and ceremonies created and reconstituted community both within and across ethnic groups. Imbibing could also divide people. Even while they sipped their cognacs and brandies, elites portrayed indigenous people, the poor, and other marginalized people getting drunk on moonshine to discount and denigrate them. Often associated with (particularly violent) crime, alcohol was seen as a vice by many and excoriated during temperance movements. Yet defendants across Latin America took advantage of judicial systems that considered alcohol a mitigating circumstance in many crimes. As 20th-century evangelical sects that preached abstinence as the route to wealth and marital bliss grew to unprecedented numbers, traditional healers and biomedical practitioners continued to tout alcohol's medicinal value. In short, alcohol was a marker of social position and cultural identity, a crucial component in community and state building, and a commodity around which different cultural traditions, healing practices, and policing policies developed and evolved.
Alfred Métraux: Between Ethnography and Applied Knowledge
Rodrigo Bulamah
Alfred Métraux was part of a prolific moment in which French sociology and ethnology were enlarging their scientific scope and advancing toward new fields. Following the colonial expansion of France, Métraux participated in establishing ethnographic methods for codifying social life, material culture, and artistic forms. Through his own transatlantic voyages and personal exchanges, Métraux left personal documents in different parts of the world. Consequently, many are the archives that hold parts of his personal collections, letters, and published or unpublished materials. In addition, because of Métraux's own cosmopolitanism, studies on the ethnologist's life and works can be found in different languages. Métraux meticulously collected artifacts and documents from different cultures, and these items are now part of collections in museums in Argentina, France, and the United States. The multiplicity of themes Métraux dedicated himself to during his life reveal logics and developments of his work, as well as the importance of fieldwork to his making as an anthropologist, or a "man of the field," as he used to describe himself. His intense and long-term relationship with Haitian Vodou was central in his career as it arose from his early interest in vanishing civilizations, religious systems, and material culture, and defined his personal agenda for future research.
Alien Sightings and OVNI Culture in Argentina
David M. K. Sheinin
During the Cold War, there were thousands of Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) sightings in Argentina (in Spanish, Objeto volador no identificado or OVNI). The mainstream media reported on many of them. In a field termed ufología, some events were explained scientifically or somewhat scientifically; most were not. These sightings and their stories lived on in a culture of thousands of OVNI aficionados and their literatures, frequently spilling into larger popular cultures.
OVNI culture disrupts chronologies. It offers a picture of Cold War Argentina that breaks with longstanding popular and academic chronologies that stress a dictatorship-versus-democracy binary. That binary is real. However, OVNI culture superimposes an often-neglected Cold War chronology on the mid- to late 20th century. OVNI stories and their cultural consumption evolve and vary not with reference to violent Argentine political and historical change, but in the context of a larger transnational Cold War culture in an Argentine context. Hallmarks of OVNI culture in Argentina include the enormous influence of U.S. popular culture, as well as references to apocalyptic nuclear weapons, and unscientific notions of psychoses in explaining late-night sightings of spacecraft and extraterrestrials.
Alliance for Progress
Stephen G. Rabe
On March 13, 1961, President John F. Kennedy announced the Alliance for Progress, an economic assistance program to promote political democracy, economic growth, and social justice in Latin America. The United States and Latin American nations formally agreed to the alliance at a conference held in August 1961, at Punta del Este, Uruguay. U.S. delegates promised that Latin America would receive over twenty billion dollars in public and private capital from the United States and international lending authorities during the 1960s. The money would arrive in the form of grants, loans, and direct private investments. When combined with an expected eighty billion dollars in internal investment, this new money was projected to stimulate an economic growth rate of not less than 2.5 percent a year. This economic growth would facilitate significant improvements in employment, and in rates of infant mortality, life expectancy, and literacy rates. In agreeing to the alliance, Latin American leaders pledged to work for equality and social justice by promoting agrarian reform and progressive income taxes.
The Kennedy administration developed this so-called Marshall Plan for Latin America because it judged the region susceptible to social revolution and communism. Fidel Castro had transformed the Cuban Revolution into a strident anti-American movement and had allied his nation with the Soviet Union. U.S. officials feared that the lower classes of Latin America, mired in poverty and injustice, might follow similarly radical leaders.
Alliance programs delivered outside capital to the region, but the Alliance for Progress failed to transform Latin America. During the 1960s, Latin American economies performed poorly, usually falling below the 2.5 percent target. The region witnessed few improvements in health, education, or welfare. Latin American societies remained unfair and authoritarian. Sixteen extra-constitutional changes of government repeatedly unsettled the region.
The Alliance for Progress fell short of its goals for several reasons. Latin America had formidable obstacles to change: elites resisted land reform, equitable tax systems, and social programs; new credits often brought greater indebtedness rather than growth; and the Marshall Plan experience served as a poor guide to solving the problems of a region that was far different from Western Europe. The United States also acted ambiguously, calling for democratic progress and social justice, but worried that Communists would take advantage of the instability caused by progressive change. Further, Washington provided wholehearted support only to those Latin American governments and organizations that pursued fervent anticommunist policies.
The Alphabetic Colonization of Amerindian Oral Ecologies in Early Brazil
Diogo de Carvalho Cabral
Although it has received less scholarly attention than firearms, microbes, domestic animals and plants, market economy, and statecraft, alphabetic reading and writing was crucial in the European conquest and colonization of the Americas from the late 15th century on. Unlike the agrarian empires the Spaniards encountered in the Andes and the Mexican highlands, the Portuguese frontier advanced upon tribal peoples who relied exclusively on oral language, such as the Tupi of Atlantic Brazil. These were semi-sedentary horticultural villagers whose entire socio-ecology (myths and knowledge, territoriality, subsistence strategies, etc.) was conditioned by the face-to-faceness and fugacity of spoken words. In turn, their Portuguese colonizers—for a while rivaled by the French, who enjoyed short periods of stable settlement through the early 17th century—were urban-based, oceangoing merchants, bureaucrats, soldiers, and religious missionaries whose organization strictly depended on the durability and transferability of written texts. Even if most of the Portuguese who came to Brazil in the 16th century were themselves illiterate, colonization as a social enterprise framed their actions according to prescribed roles set down in writing (both handwriting and printed script). Thus, the Portuguese colonization of Brazilian native lands and human populations can be interpreted from the point of view of the imposition of an alphabetically organized way of life. Two major dimensions of this "letterscaping" can be discerned as to its impact on Amerindian bodies (human and nonhuman) and modes of understanding. Although the 16th century was only the introductory act in that drama, its historical record shows the basic outlines of the alphabetic colonization that would play out through the early 19th century: native decimation and enslavement, territory usurpation by sesmaria grants, forest recovery in former native croplands (then resignified as "virgin forest"), loss of native ecological knowledge not recorded in writing, disempowerment of native cultural attunement to the wild soundscape, among other processes.
Animals in Latin American History
Germán Vergara
The evolutionary history of vertebrate nonhuman animals such as mammals in what is now Latin America extends back tens of millions of years. Given that anatomically modern humans first appeared in Africa a mere 200,000 years ago and would not reach Latin America until some 12,000 years ago, nonhuman animals in the region evolved for most of their history without interference from human activities. Once they appeared, humans began to shape the history of the region's animals in profound ways. In fact, one could argue that animal history in Latin America has been a story of increasing human impact; from the Paleo-Indians, who may have driven countless species of megafauna to extinction; to the agrarian societies that domesticated species such as dogs, turkeys, and llamas (or tolerated the animals' self-domestication); to the radical transformations brought about by the Columbian Exchange; to the industrialization process of the last two centuries. But animal history in the region is also marked by adaptation and agency on the part of animals, who have influenced the course of human history. This dynamic and adaptive human–animal relationship has been pushed to the limit during extinction pulses, manifest in the currently accelerating biodiversity crisis. Environmental history makes the convincing case that any historical account that neglects the environment offers an inaccurate depiction of the past. By the same token, animal historians suggest that a more complete understanding of history requires redefining its boundaries to include the often underappreciated story of nonhuman species and their interrelationships with human societies.
Anticommunism in 20th-Century Chile: From the "Social Question" to the Military Dictatorship
Marcelo Casals
Anticommunism was a central force in the history of the Chilean political conflict in the 20th century. Not only did several political actors define their identities and actions by their opposition to Marxist-inspired revolutionary projects, but also the state in different moments excluded and persecuted everything identified as "communist." To a great extent, anticommunism relied on three main "frameworks": Catholicism, nationalism, and liberalism, all of which were crucial elements in the construction of the Republic since the 19th century. Different combinations and interpretations within each framework resulted in different anticommunist expressions, from pro-fascist movements and nationalist groups to the conservative-liberal right wing, the Social Christian center and even moderate socialists. Many of them, especially in the second half of the 20th century, understood anticommunism as a defense of different variations of capitalism. Of course, anticommunism was not a uniquely Chilean phenomenon. It was, in fact, an ideological trend worldwide. This conditioned the reception in Chile of global events and ideas, while it enabled the construction of transnational networks among related actors. The enactment of the Law of Permanent Defense of Democracy in 1948, which outlawed the Communist Party, symbolized the alignment of Chilean politics to Cold War bipolarity. However, the Marxist left was able to recover during the "long Sixties," in a political and cultural environment marked by the Cuban Revolution. The Popular Unity government was the materialization of all anticommunist fears. The counter-revolutionary bloc created then paved the way to the 1973 coup and the subsequent military dictatorship, which used anticommunism as state ideology. Human rights violations were legitimated by the dictatorship from that ideological framework. Anticommunism decayed by the late 1980s alongside socialist experiences around the world.
Arabic-Speaking Migrants in 19th- and 20th-Century Latin America
Lily Pearl Balloffet
Global transoceanic migration booms of the 19th century brought with them more than a quarter of a million migrants from the Arabic-speaking eastern Mediterranean destined for Latin American cities, towns, and rural outposts across the region. Over the course of the early 20th century, a near-constant mobility of circulating people, things, and ideas characterized the formation of immigrant identities and communities with roots primarily in the Levantine area of the Middle East. Over time, historians of this migration have come to interpret as central the transnational and transregional nature of the ties that many individuals, families, and institutions in Latin America carefully maintained with their counterparts across the Atlantic. As the 20th century progressed, Middle Eastern migrants and their subsequent generations of descendants consolidated institutions, financial networks, and a plethora of other life projects in their respective Latin American home places. Meanwhile, they continued to seek meaningful participation in the realities of a Middle East-North Africa region undergoing deep shifts in its geopolitical, social, and cultural landscapes from the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and the end of World War I, through the tumultuous century that followed.
Architecture in Mexico City, 1940–1980
Kathryn E. O'Rourke
Architecture in Mexico City in the mid-20th century was shaped by rapid economic and urban growth, demographic change, new construction technologies, and politics. Architects adapted modernist idioms and those that evoked historical precedents for new purposes. Key figures who had begun practice earlier in the century, including Mario Pani, Juan O'Gorman, José Villagrán García, and Luis Barragán, designed major new works and strongly influenced the profession, even as a new generation led by Pedro Ramírez Vázquez, Ricardo Legorreta, and Teodoro González de Léon came of age. As they had been since the 1920s, public patrons were the most important clients of modern buildings, which often addressed needs for better housing, education, and health care. The period also saw the rise of modern suburbs and the evolution of the single-family house, as well as the creation of major buildings for increasingly important cultural institutions, especially museums.
As they had in preceding decades, architects used the non-architectural arts, particularly painting, to distinguish their works. The legacy of the Mexican muralist movement was most evident on the facades of major buildings in the new University City, where the influence of international modernist planning principles was also striking. In 1968 Mexico City hosted the Olympics, for which architects, planners, and designers created a network of buildings and images that functioned interdependently to present Mexico as cosmopolitan and historically rooted in its indigenous history. Sprawl and pollution worsened in the 1970s, as the capital came to be dominated by buildings that were not designed by architects. While some observers questioned the relevance of architecture in the face of seemingly unstoppable and uncontrollable growth, talented young architects responded with buildings notable for their monumentality, mass, and sophisticated engagement with historical types.
Argentine Intellectual Circles and the European Crisis of the 1930s
Jorge Nállim
Beginning in the second half of the 19th century, Argentina became closely linked to the North Atlantic world, as the founding fathers of the modern state established a political order modeled on liberal principles, developed a dynamic export economy, and presided over a large immigration—mainly from Spain and Italy. These processes provided the historical framework for the impact of the European crisis of the interwar years in Argentine cultural groups and debates in the 1930s. The cosmopolitan features of Argentine society and intellectual groups, the country's political crisis in the 1930s, and the particularly heavy influence of the Spanish Civil War explain how the European situation and ideologies such as Fascism and anti-Fascism were processed in a variety of cultural publications and institutions.
Argentine Media Regulation, Fake News, and the Election of Mauricio Macri
Mariana De Maio
November 2015 became a key date in the history of Argentina as former president Cristina Fernandez' party lost the national elections by the narrowest of margins, less than 700,000 votes, to the right-wing candidate Mauricio Macri, ending a twelve-year run of one of the most progressive governments in the history of Argentina. Many analysts argue that large media conglomerates, especially the Clarín Group, played a significant role in the process leading to political change. Macri supporters in the city of Buenos Aires provided some reasons for their decision to vote for Macri and against Daniel Scioli, who ran on Fernandez' party ticket. Their answers seem to be influenced by a series of fake news (misleading news articles) published by Clarín and La Nación, two leading news organizations in Argentina, during the months before the national elections. These misleading news stories were published in the front pages of those newspapers and at prime time in their affiliate TV and radio stations. Corrections and retractions rarely appeared in the front pages or prime time. Macri voters came to accept the initial news as legitimate and were influenced by them during the 2015 presidential election. Considering the insignificant margin of votes deciding the election, it can be argued that the two news organizations may have been instrumental in shaping the perceptions of just enough voters to swing the results in Macri's favor. This suggests that dominant mainstream media have had a significant influence on voters' attitudes and that this may explain in part the election's outcome.
Artistic Vanguards in Brazil, 1917–1967
Gênese Andrade
The 1922 Modern Art Week is considered the initial landmark of artistic vanguards in Brazil. However, before it was held, Anita Malfatti's 1917 exhibition, which presented expressionism to Brazilians, and the articles of Oswald de Andrade announcing in the local press the poetry of Mário de Andrade and futurism caused significant polemics and opened the way for renovation. In the middle of the 1920s, the contacts of various artists with European vanguards—especially cubism—and the reinterpretation of the national element and popular culture with the incorporation of this repertoire, with an emphasis on cosmopolitism, established and solidified modernism in various artistic areas. In the 1930s, social commitment, the revalorization of the regional, and adhesion to leftwing ideologies changed the focus of artistic production, leading to the reorganization of groups and the emergence of new protagonists: Patrícia Galvão and Flávio de Carvalho, among others.
The return to classic forms and new experimentalisms marked the 1940s and 1950s, characterized by the reappearance of the sonnet, with Vinicius de Moraes, Cecília Meirelles, Murilo Mendes, and Jorge de Lima; renovations in language that reached a peak with Guimarães Rosa; photomontages by Jorge de Lima. Concrete art and poetry, notably the National Concrete Art Exhibition (1956) and neo-concretism, returning to the strategy of the manifestos and journals of the 1920s, revived the same polemical reception and bitter rivalries.
In the following decade, the revisiting of Oswald de Andrade's work, especially the idea of anthropophagy, gave a strong impulse to tropicalism, Cinema Novo, and a greater renewal in Brazilian theater, with the staging of O Rei da Vela by the Teatro Oficina group (1967), the culminating point of a fifty-year cycle of artistic vanguards in Brazil.
The Association of Communitarian Health Services (ASECSA) and the Role of Religion and Health in Central America
Susan Fitzpatrick-Behrens
The Association of Communitarian Health Services (ASECSA) is a transnational, religiously influenced health program in Central America created during the Cold War. ASECSA was founded in 1978 by a small group of international health professionals with ties to programs started by Catholic and Protestant clergy and laity in Guatemala's western highlands in the 1960s. It introduced a model of healthcare in which Maya health promoters and midwives became partners in healing rather than objects to be cured. Support for the health programs and ASECSA came from secular and religious international agencies, including the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), German Misereor, Catholic Relief Services, and the World Council of Churches. ASECSA was founded to disseminate knowledge of popular health education strategies used by health promoters and midwives to provide preventive and curative medical services to their communities. The education methods grew from Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed and its use by religious agents influenced by liberation theology. Although it was founded in Guatemala, ASECSA's publications and meetings attracted participation by health professionals and paraprofessionals from Mexico, Central America, and even the Caribbean. Ecumenical religious centers affiliated with liberation theology in the 1960s and 1970s facilitated the development of popular health programs that played a defining role in the region.
Atoms for Peace in Latin America
Gisela Mateos and Edna Suárez-Díaz
On December 8, 1953, in the midst of increasing nuclear weapons testing and geopolitical polarization, United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower launched the Atoms for Peace initiative. More than a pacifist program, the initiative is nowadays seen as an essential piece in the U.S. defense strategy and foreign policy at the beginning of the Cold War. As such, it pursued several ambitious goals, and Latin America was an ideal target for most of them: to create political allies, to ease fears of the deadly atomic energy while fostering receptive attitudes towards nuclear technologies, to control and avoid development of nuclear weapons outside the United States and its allies, and to open or redirect markets for the new nuclear industry. The U.S. Department of State, through the Foreign Operations Administration, acted in concert with several domestic and foreign middle-range actors, including people at national nuclear commissions, universities, and industrial funds, to implement programs of regional technical assistance, education and training, and technological transfer.
Latin American countries were classified according to their stage of nuclear development, with Brazil at the top and Argentina and Mexico belonging to the group of "countries worthy of attention." Nuclear programs often intersected with development projects in other areas, such as agriculture and public health. Moreover, Eisenhower's initiative required the recruitment of local actors, natural resources and infrastructures, governmental funding, and standardized (but localized techno-scientific) practices from Latin American countries. As Atoms for Peace took shape, it began to rely on newly created multilateral and regional agencies, such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) of the United Nations and the Inter-American Nuclear Energy Commission (IANEC) of the Organization of American States (OAS).
Nevertheless, as seen from Latin America, the implementation of atomic energy for peaceful purposes was reinterpreted in different ways in each country. This fact produced different outcomes, depending on the political, economic, and techno-scientific expectations and interventions of the actors involved. It provided, therefore, an opportunity to create local scientific elites and infrastructure. Finally, the peaceful uses of atomic energy allowed the countries in the region to develop national and international political discourses framing the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean signed in Tlatelolco, Mexico City, in 1967, which made Latin America the first atomic weapons–free populated zone in the world.
Atrocity, Race, and Region in the Early Haitian Revolution: The Fond d'Icaque Rising
David Geggus
Set within a larger analysis of class relations in the Haitian Revolution, this is a microhistory that intersects with several important themes in the revolution: rumor, atrocity, the arming of slaves, race relations, and the origins and wealth of the free colored population. It is an empirical investigation of an obscure rebellion by free men of color in the Grande Anse region in 1791. Although the rebellion is obscure, it is associated with an atrocity story that has long resonated in discussion of the revolution. Formerly the least-known segment of Caribbean society, research has shed much new light on free people of color in recent decades, but much remains to be clarified. In certain ways, they are the key to understanding the Haitian Revolution, because of their anomalous position in Saint Domingue society and the way their activism precipitated its unraveling. The Grande Anse region had a unique experience of the revolution in that white supremacy and slavery were maintained there longer than in any other part of the colony. Based primarily on unexploited or little-known sources the article demonstrates the range and depth of research that remains possible and suggests that a regional focus is best way to advance current scholarship on the Haitian Revolution.
The Autonomous Department of Press and Publicity (Departamento Autónomo de Prensa y Publicidad)
Ana Laura de la Torre
The Autonomous Department of Press and Publicity (DAPP) created by Lazaro Cardenas's administration responded to the need for a fixed ideological framework that would allow for the construction of a modern, prosperous, and politically unified nation based on the Six-Year Plan. The materials produced by the DAPP designated collective identities; defined relations between the government and its enemies, rivals and allies; preserved and molded past memories, and sought to project fears and hopes into the future. The department used a variety of mass media technology to produce messages with the aim of controlling criticism of the regime, shaping public attitudes, generating a collective "us," and effecting change in the thoughts and actions of the public. The continuous use of the media was a response of the Cardenista administration to the constant rejection that its public policies generated, either because they affected particular economic interests or because they were considered as an affront to the way of thinking of various social sectors, particularly those identified with Catholicism. President Cárdenas and his associates perceived that they were a besieged and criticized administration, both inside and outside the country. Hence, they deemed it essential to start up a strong propaganda apparatus in order to reverse the opposition and generate supporters. Its creation is framed by the efforts taken by various governments during the 1930s that viewed propaganda as an effective tool for producing political consensus, generating feelings of national unity, and changing public habits.


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Scott90027 necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 106 diseños de 26 diseñadores freelance.
Spotless Carpet, Tile and Upholstery Cleaning
We clean carpet, tile and upholstery.
I did not complete many of the above areas because I honestly do not even know what I am looking for. I just want a great logo that incorporates Spotless Carpet, Tile and Upholstery Cleaning. This is a small company I just bought. Our business model will not be the company that will clean your carpet etc for the least amount of money. Our prices will be higher than average. Our business model will be to bring more value not have cheaper prices. I doubt this will play into logo design but I wasn't sure? I don't want a picture of a person with a cleaning carpet. UPDATED INFO AS OF 4/9/11: "Spotless" should be the focus. The other text should be smaller. A few of the designs have "Spotless Carpet" on the same line and similiar size. I want "Spotless" to be the focus and by itself. The other text should be below it or wherever you think would be appropriate. Also, I want the colors to be red, white and blue. Once I choose a logo, I will also need stationary, envelopes, cards etc designed. If anyone does this type of thing, I will also need my vans (vehicles) designed / layed out with the new logo etc. I also own a very successful real estate business that I will want a logo, stationary, cards, vehicle graphics etc etc once the "Spotless" projects are completed. I will need to also put these logos on websites etc.THANKS!
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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How to Use AirPlay to Stream iPad Media
With AirPlay, you can stream media on your iPad 2 to your TV or audio speakers. Streaming technology allows you to send media from one device to play on another.
With AirPlay, you could send a movie or a slideshow of photos from your iPad to your TV. You could then control the playback on your TV from your iPad using the Remote app. You can also send music from your iPad to your audio speakers.
To use AirPlay to stream media, you have to have AirPlay-compatible equipment. For example, you might purchase an Apple TV device to stream video, photos, and music to your TV. If you can find a TV with AirPlay compatibility built-in, you can use that instead.
You might buy Airport Express and attach it to your speakers to stream music. Or you could buy an AirPlay-enabled receiver or set of speakers, and stream audio directly to them. If you're not sure which device might best suit your needs, visit your nearest Apple Store and let their experts help you pick something out.
If you get a bit antsy watching a long movie, one of the beauties of AirPlay is that you can still use your iPad to check e-mail, browse photos or the Internet, or check your calendar while the media is playing.


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It's thought abnormalities in their ability to do play an important role in a broad range of disorders, including cardiovascular disease and cancer.
The study's findings are outlined in the journal Molecular Cell and describe a surprising new aspect of cell adhesion involving the family of cell adhesion molecules known as integrins, which are found on the surfaces of most cells. The research uncovered a phenomenon termed "cyclic mechanical reinforcement," in which the length of time during which bonds exist is extended with repeated pulling and release between the integrins and ligands that are part of the extracellular matrix to which the cells attach.
Professor Martin Humphries, the Dean of the Faculty of Life Sciences at Manchester led the UK research team and says the study suggests some new capabilities for cells: "This paper identifies a new kind of bond that is strengthened by cyclical applications of force, and which appears to be mediated by complex shape changes in integrin receptors." He continues: "The findings also shed light on a possible mechanism used by cells to sense extracellular topography and to aggregate information through 'remembering' multiple interaction events."
The cyclic mechanical reinforcement allows force to prolong the lifetimes of bonds, demonstrating a mechanical regulation of receptor-ligand interactions and identifying a molecular mechanism for strengthening cell adhesion through cyclical forces.
Cheng Zhu, a professor in the Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University led the U.S. research: "Many cell functions such as differentiation, growth and the expression of particular genes depend on cell interaction with the ligands of the intracellular matrix. The cells respond to their environment, which includes may mechanical aspects. This study has extended our understanding of how connections are made and how mechanical forces regulate interactions."
Using delicate force measuring equipment, researchers in Professor Zhu's lab and the laboratory of Professor Andres Garcia from the Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Tech, collaborated to study adhesion between integrin and fibronectin, a protein component of the extracellular matrix. What they found was that cyclic forces applied to the bond switch it from a short lived state – with lifetimes of about one second – to a long-lived state that can exist for more than a hundred seconds.
Professors Zhu and Garcia alongside Georgia Tech graduate students Fang Kong, William Parks and David Dumbauld and postdoctoral fellow Zenhai Li used two different mechanical techniques to study the strength of bonds between integrin and fibronectin. One technique measured the bond strengths in purified molecules, while the other studied the effects of them in their native cellular environment.
Professor Zhu explains: "We have very precise force transducers that allow us to measure force on the scale of pico-newtons. We prepare the samples in such a way that we engage only one bond, we then control the application of force and observe what happens."
The researchers first used an atomic force microscope to bring the integrin molecule together with the fibronectin, then separated the two. Instruments measured the pico-newton forces required to separate the molecules, and found that the duration of the bonds increased with the repetition of the contacts.
The second technique, known as BFP, involved the use of a fibronetctin-bearing glass bead attached to a red blood cell aspirated by a micropipette. Integrin expressed on a micropipette-aspirated cell was pressed into the bead, then pulled away over repeated cycles. Lifetime measurement confirmed that repeated pulling increased the longevity of the bonds.
Following this study the researchers hope to determine whether or not the cyclic mechanical reinforcement they observed is a universal property of many cellular adhesion molecules. They also hope to explore how cells use this cyclic mechanical reinforcement to gain a better understanding of the abnormal cellular adhesion mechanisms that occur in many diseases.
Professor Humphries says: "The findings of the paper have deep implications for our understanding of force-regulated signaling. There is abundant biological evidence for profound effects of extracellular tensility and elasticity in controlling processes such as cancer cell proliferation and stem cell differentiation, but the mechanisms whereby this information is transduced across the outer cell membrane are unclear."
Notes for editors
The paper will be published in the journal Molecular Cell on 14 February titled "Cyclic mechanical reinforcement of integrin–ligand interactions"
CITATION: Kong, F., et al., Cyclic Mechanical Reinforcement of Integrin-Ligand Interactions, Molecular Cell (2013).
This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under grants AI44902 and GM065918, and the Wellcome Trust. The conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
For more information please contact:
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Faculty of Life Sciences
The University of Manchester
Tel: 0161 275 2111
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Research News & Publications Office
Georgia Institute of Technology
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Showing results for 1 - 2 of 2 Alexander, George V. Franco, Paul J. 1970s 1960s image Halobates splendens Heavy metals
Results 1 - 2 of 2
Search Results
Collection event and specimen analysis records for Halobates
- Collection: Heavy Metals in the Ocean Insect, Halobates
- Name: Alexander, George V.; Schulz-Baldes, Meinhard; Ott, John; Cheng, Lanna; Franco, Paul J.; Scripps Institution of Oceanography
- Date: 2015
- Topic: Air-sea interface; Heavy metals
Heavy Metals in the Ocean Insect, Halobates
- Data on 7 heavy metals are available from samples of Halobates collected from the Pacific Ocean: Cr (chromium), Cu (copper), Pb (lead), Mn (manganese), Ni (nickel), Ti (titanium) and Zn (zinc).
- Creation Date: 1961-1978


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Journal Article
© Dec 2005 Volume 4 Issue 1, Editor: Charles Despres, pp1 - 90
Look inside Download PDF (free)
Business intelligence (BI) is a managerial concept and tool that is used to help organisations to manage busi‑ness information and to make effective decisions. Measurement of BI is generally considered an important issue but at the same time it is considered difficult to carry out in practice. There is also a lack of research on the topic. The paper describes the current knowledge regarding the measurement of BI and makes a contribution on the currently small amount of empirical knowledge on the topic. The research is implemented by means of a literature review and action research.
Keywords: Business intelligence, case study, measure, measurement, telecommunications
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We all know that Drake and Rihanna have been dating on and off for quite some time. And since the two have been spotted together in Paris, it's been rumored that they are a couple.
Well now it's being reported that Drizzy and RiRi are exclusively dating.
According to TMZ, a source have told them that the pair have gone from casually hooking up to making it official.
The Bajan beauty reportedly has been spending every single night with the Young Money superstar while he tours Europe. The 'Stay' singer loves how he caters to her on the road.
Apparently, Drake is falling head over heels for Rihanna as well. "He's in the best mood he's been in a long time," said the source.
Keep in mind that this information is coming from TMZ, and given their track record for writing half-truths, this may or may not be true.
Nevertheless, there is evidence that Drake and Rihanna are boo'd up.
During his European trek, Drake has been covering Rihanna's song 'Stay' back with his ballad 'Too Much.' And most recently, RiRi introduced Drizzy to her favorite television drama 'Breaking Bad.' Now that's love.
The powerhouse couple also shares a penchant for strip clubs. Last year, the dynamic duo made it rain at a Houston strip club, dropping over $17,000 during their stay.
Do you think Drake and Rihanna are officially a couple? Tell us in the comments below
Read More: Drake and Rihanna Are Exclusively Dating | http://theboombox.com/drake-rihanna-exclusively-dating/?trackback=tsmclip
Atlwebradio News Staff:
May 2017