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For those of us who were religious before becoming atheists, you understand how religion gave us meaning. If you follow the rules (especially in Judaism where there are many) and learn the right books, you'll get a big piece of heaven.
As an atheist, what gives you purpose and meaning in life?
As a "new" atheist (I just "came out" to some of my family and friends recently), this is something I am struggling with.
Thanks in advance.
Views: 1375
Idaho, a few words from a song in the Broadway musical Camelot are apropos.
In words I don't remember, they said that for a short time there was an ideal place.
It seems like making a watermelon garden was, for a short time, your purpose/meaning.
More seriously, during my final years as a Roman Catholic I concluded:
1) The RC Church needs its believers to be unhappy,
2) Its rules, especially those on sexuality, contribute to that purpose, and
2) Unhappy people put the most effort into finding meaning for their lives.
These conclusions made my departure inevitable.
Mathew, you're right; priests should (in theory) be the most unhappy under this paradigm.
That's the theory. Test it.
Purpose of life is a recurring theme for discussions here and it will continue to be so because one discussion is not enough for constantly emerging new answers. In the context of the universe, our life has no meaning. This is a fact accepted by all atheists. The only meaning to our lives is that which we give it on an individual plane. One meaning that I believe must be common to all is : make most of your life, be happy and make others happy as much you can. This is the lowest common denominator of all concepts of purporse. Anything that one does more than this is an achievement. Names of those with greater achievement are remembered long after they cease to exist. Darwin is going to live for long.
dang glich.. see this:
best. very well said. ex xtian / muslim .. both! ?
find outlets.. they're plenty. skate. exercise. yoga. drink water instead of soda. . . . change. watch a bluray or two. marvel. CG stuff.. inspriing
nature lovers saved me. believers or non btw..
The great Robert Byrne once said: "The purpose of life is a life of purpose". What did he mean ? My idea is that he meant by that, that anything you do that makes you happy and that is purposeful, such as volunteering at a soup kitchen or visiting the elderly to make them feel that there is still people who think about them and care, or whatever it might be that makes you happy and you find to be purposeful, makes life worth living even in the absence of God belief.
No one needs to believe in a god to find purpose and meaning in their life. Just ask any member of Atheist Nexus. Personally, I find meaning and purpose in blogging about atheism versus god belief, especially the belief in the God of Judaeo/Christian religion and the God Allah of Islam, since they are the most prominent religions today and the cause of much suffering even to this day. My purpose, and what makes me happy is trying to educate people about the evils of God-belief, and that atheists are not the immoral monsters that all theists of whatever religion think that us atheists are.
So, my advice is, find what makes you happy and gives you a sense of purpose that helps make the world, or your corner of it, a little bit of a better place.
Throughout most of the world for most of history the vast majority of people have had to work hard merely to stay alive. Thomas Hobbes described it in a famous passage of Leviathan as a life of "continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
That we are able to contemplate a purpose or meaning for life beyond the bare struggle to maintain it is the signal luxury we enjoy in modern times. The irony is that we fortunate ones have this freedom even after the bloodiest century of all of history and in the midst of war. Only in 9/11 was our good fortune interrupted and although only 3000 were killed—a mere drop in the bucket of blood that is human history—it has colored everything since.
That we are able to contemplate a purpose or meaning for life beyond the bare struggle to maintain it is the signal luxury we enjoy in modern times.
This might be true of peasants, but not of hunter gatherers.
According to a researcher
adults in foraging and horticultural societies work, on average, about 6.5 hours a day,where as people in agricultural and industrial societies work on average 8.8 hours a day
The many stories and myths the hunter gatherers came up with, show they had time to think about at least some of the big questions, like how did the world start? why are things the way they are?
So you would think they would also ask themselves about their purpose in life.
Or perhaps not. Maybe wondering about the Meaning of Life is the result of living in a specialized technological society, where people's work isn't directly related to their food and shelter, and what they're producing isn't directly useful to them.
And perhaps people who are living in social alienation in big cities are more likely to ask themselves about the meaning of life.
My remarks were not intended to apply only to hunter-gatherer societies, but also to agricultural and commercial trading societies where the majority of the population remained poor or enslaved.
The notion that hunter-gatherers led an idyllic Garden-of-Eden existence comes from a 1966 paper of Marshal Salins, available online at
Salins characterized these primitive societies as the "original affluent society." Much of his description is based on modern hunter-gatherer tribes. It is hard to know what the conditions were thousands of years ago and how long they persisted in any one location. Hardship among hunter-gatherering tribes may not have been due to food shortages, but to natural disasters such as floods, to war, and to infectious diseases.
Slavery was common throughout much of history with conquered tribes or nations enslaved and their property confiscated. There is no question that industrialization brought a new form of slavery and increased poverty for most—poverty more cruel than rural poverty and much harder to escape.
The question of whether hunter-gatherers and other early societies were philosophers and whether the average person worried about the meaning of life is hard to assay with no surviving written materials, but I wonder if the question even would have made sense to them in the context we pose it here.
The question of whether hunter-gatherers and other early societies were philosophers and whether the average person worried about the meaning of life is hard to assay with no surviving written materials, but I wonder if the question even would have made sense to them in the context we pose it here.
I was wondering that too. I wonder if there would even be suitable words for the question in their language.
I've never found the meaning or purpose of life to be a compelling issue, because I've spent my life in difficult struggles.
The researcher who came up with the numerical estimates of leisure time in hunter-gatherer societies was Ross Sackett, who was checking Sahlins' ideas. Yes, Sackett was looking at modern hunter-gatherer societies, but it's not clear why ancient hunter-gatherers would have had less leisure on average. I looked around a bit and didn't find anything contradicting them.
The idea that hunter-gatherers were more satisfied than we are makes some sense, since humanity lived a hunter-gatherer existence for a long time and human psychology seems to be adapted to it in many ways.
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subset: commoncrawl


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It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia
Season Eight - Episode Descriptions
Please note that the air order for episodes five and six have changed.
Episode 6 - "Charlie's Mom Has Cancer" (Airs November 15, 2012 10:00 pm e/p) - In perhaps the most depraved scheme of them all, The Gang rallies around Charlie's mom as she battles cancer. As Mac, Charlie, and Dee struggle with their faith, Frank loses his memory and his mind in a quest for buried treasure, and they're all rocked by a revelation that will shake Paddy's to its very foundation! Written by Scott Marder & Rob Rosell; directed by Richie Keen.


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With one exception, my sledding memories all start around the age of thirteen and the great blizzard of '78. But I know I went sledding before then. I just can't remember it. What I dimly remember is sitting up in bed, after the lights were out, and opening the window to discover a tiny drift of pristine white snow on the window ledge. I would take a scoop in my hand and eat it. A delicacy that encompassed not just a soft texture, and cold, but a sense that I was engaging in the nightlife of the city, just by sticking my hand outside the window. Still, what about sledding? Where are the sledding memories?
I asked my mother what she could tell me.
Snow—what comes to mind immediately is the snow storm in N.Y. many years ago. I think we still lived on eighty-first street opposite the Hayden Planetarium—a small house next to the sprawling Beresford. 11 W. 81st St. The Hayden House, eighth floor. I remember climbing over huge, well packed snow mounds. I remember the first time I was incredulous—and grateful—noticing the generosity of New Yorkers in times of adversity. Everyone was friendly, involved, helpful. People talking to one another, exchanging information, joking. It was with Papa that you did most of the snow surfing in the park. I remember your red nose and hair in disarray coming up the snowy slope. You loved the snow and gliding down over it, unperturbed by the cold. I can't recall any special event connected with the snow. The few times I glided with you I remember your exhilaration, which was infectious, that helped me to overcome the freezing cold.
I went sledding with my father? In Riverside Park? I don't recall. Why not! Why is so much of childhood lost to us? What evolutionary purpose does this vanishing serve? Would there be something about these early childhood memories that would confuse or inconvenience us as we molted into adolescents and adults? Is sexual feeling such a fascist state that all that came before it must be totally eradicated?
When I was a kid, nuclear war or nuclear meltdown were part of the psychic landscape. Sometimes, sitting in Ms. Ryan's geometry class, I would find myself wishing for one or the other. I distinctly recall lying in bed one night and staring out at the orange-ish sky; the clouds were low and threatening; snow was called for but had not arrived. I was hoping for a torrent of snow, and the ensuing snow day. If not that, as a backup, I remember thinking, maybe that orange means there has been some kind of nuclear attack. Such were my priorities at the age of fourteen.
To this day, I like an impending snow storm. I love the storm itself. I love being inside during the storm, and also, being outside, in the midst of the blizzard or the soft falling of flakes, whichever. As long as it sticks. The problems with snow always accumulate, so to speak, after it has stopped falling and starts becoming something else—ice, slush, water, all of it dirty. The very pristineness of snow, which is a big part of its appeal, is what makes its metamorphosis into a slurpy of filth so depressing.
The Flexible Flyer sled was ubiquitous in my childhood. The body was wood. The frame was metal, painted red except for the front, which was silver, like the fender of a car. An eagle or some kind of war-like bird served as its logo, centered on the wooden slats. You saw it between your legs if you rode sitting up, steering with your feet, or a rope. If you lay down on your stomach, which is what I mostly did, your heart beat directly over that fierce bird. The lettering itself was ornate, faintly Victorian, but it did not evoke a pastoral. It was a festive contraption. The parts moved. It was built for speed.
I know this not so much from memories of sledding on a Flexible Flyer, and not from pictures—belonging, as I do, to those generations for whom photographs were, if not scarce, then somehow special. My image of this childhood sled derives from an encounter of not too many years ago, when I found one in my mother's closet. It was shortly after my daughter was born. We were excavating the closet in my old bedroom so that my little family would have room to visit for extended stays. My mother's closets were so stuffed with things that each one was like a miniature attic, crowded to point that mere entry was almost impossible. Sometimes this was oppressive. More often it was magical. It was as though each of my mother's closets were one of those circus Volkswagens out of which clowns would continuously pour.
I had mixed feelings about bringing all the ancient mysteries into the light. But I was going to have to drag them out of the closet, and ultimately the apartment, if I wanted to see my daughter crawling around and playing with my mother. So out came the mysteries. Clothes, shoes, boxes of papers, vases, old set designs from my mother's dance company, various costumes from same. And then, ridiculously, an entire sled. A Flexible Flyer. It had a sturdiness, a weight, that immediately identified it as coming from another time.
I noticed a name scrawled in block letters on the handle: Billie Werther (actually, this was not the real name; I've changed it, and the others mentioned in this piece, to protect peoples' privacy). I felt a chill. Billie was my childhood friend William's older sister. I must have borrowed his sled, which turned out to be his sister's sled, and held onto it for a span of decades.
For a few years, between ages ten and fourteen or so, I saw a lot of William and by extension Billie. Like many older siblings she lived in another world. Clogs, reddish long hair, blue eyes lined with black eyeliner. I recall the night when, sleeping over at William's house, Billie, who shared a room with him, had been sequestered elsewhere in the apartment because, as his mother put it to William in front of me, "Your friends are getting to be too old to spend a night in the room with Billie."
Whether this was weighted towards the friends, i.e. me, or towards Billie, I didn't know. William had told me outrageous stories of his sister's sexual adventures. I was inclined not to believe them. At the time, my thoughts about Billie, unquestionably full of longing, were fairly innocent. But her mother was just ahead of the game. At some point in the next year they became entirely non-innocent. The older siblings of your friends! I am not sure how this worked with girls, but with boys the dynamic could be fraught. I can still see her standing in the doorway one morning when I had come over to play—bare feet, pale, smooth, chunky legs, panties just hidden by the length of T-shirt, breasts, mouth, eyes. We stared at each other. Her expression registered mild disappointment. We spoke rarely and mostly about diet strategies (we were both heavy). That moment at the front door probably lasted all of two seconds but it felt like an hour, and I would have been happy if it had gone on all day. The exertion of not staring at her breasts was so complete that it was a miracle I didn't fall to my knees. I croaked, "Hello," as I passed into the apartment and headed towards William's room.
Now I stared at this antique that had emerged from my mother's closet, intact and ready to go, and reflected that I could use the occasion to write William, or Billie, and have a reunion of sorts. But this seemed melodramatic. William and I had drifted as high school went on; he was very smart, but somehow apart from everyone, and I had my own problems. Once, as we completed a pot deal—he was always well connected, and I was buying in bulk—he nodded at the typewriter in his room and said, "This is an 'A' paper in progress."
I had no doubt it was an 'A' paper. William was one of the brightest kids I knew. But there was something off about the declaration; it was too boastful and hollow, somehow, as though he had read instructions on how to brag. I wanted to tell him, that's not how you do it. But I was in no position to lecture.
So the sled was swept off into storage along with all the other stuff that neither I nor my mother were ready to throw out. My wife rolled her eyes at this. I had recently read that Proust kept all his parents' furniture, no matter how beat up, near him through his life. This was consoling.
William and I were part of a tight little group of four that functioned as something of a unit from around the ages of ten to fourteen. He and I were the Riverside Drive contingent; the other two were on Central Park West. We were West-siders at a school mostly populated by East-siders. After the blizzard of '78 we traversed Central Park. That was the apotheosis of snow-day bliss, three days in a row. But William and I must have had more low-key sledding adventures in Riverside Park, too. Where had I been sledding the day I took his sister's Flexible Flyer and didn't bring it back?
These memories would have been merely quaint except for the fact that a couple of years after that Flexible Flyer surfaced, I heard that William killed himself. Had kids. Was a Libertarian. Involved with computers. The facts were paltry and absurd. But I had lost touch completely, and this is what happens in such situations—you get the last twenty years compressed into a forensics report. The news rippled through the old high-school diaspora. I wrote to a friend from that time to confirm. "Yes, William did a very bad thing," he wrote back. The guy had little kids. I wondered if this childish phrasing was the result of being with them, talking to them, or if he was just speaking from our point of view from the days when we all hung out—young kids who would often get in trouble.
I wrote Billie, now an adult, a long letter about her brother. She wrote back gratefully, distressed. An adult with kids and a life. I didn't mention the Flexible Flyer. By then it had moved to a storage closet somewhere else in town that was again packed to the brim with stuff. Part of it was I didn't want to go dig it out. And part of it was I couldn't bear presenting it to her, this object of our youth, almost a corpse in its own right. It just seemed ridiculous—"Here, on the occasion of losing your brother, I want you to have your old sled back."
Now I have a daughter who gets excited at the mention of snow and loves to sled. We've got a piece of colorful shaped plastic; it's an efficiency not just of production—no moving parts—but also of gravity—just a thin sheath between you and the snow. A couple of years ago, the last huge storm we were here for, I took her to that steep hill on eighty-ninth street in Riverside Park next to The Soldier's and Sailor's Monument. We rode down a few times laughing like crazy until she fell off and her pants got pulled down, at which point I realized she was wearing, A., pajama pants, thin as a T-shirt and, B., no underwear. I couldn't believe it, started shouting 'Oh My God! Pull Up Your Pants!" I was amazed at how she tolerated the cold. She's a polar bear. She was laughing her head off. I went nuts and insisted we rush home. I carried her most of the way, feeling guilty that I had not dressed her properly. Part of me likes the idea of fishing out that old Flexible Flyer and riding with her on it. But Billie's name is on there and it might feel too weird. So it sits in a dark storage room in a basement, like an archaeological relic. I can picture it though, and still hear the hissing sound of its blades cutting through the packed white snow, and feel the distance between my body and the ground rushing past beneath me.
When I was around a year and a half I started hanging out with Mel my upstairs neighbor of the same age, and we stayed close until I was about eleven or twelve years old. As soon as I write this, I realize that maybe my father dying had something to do with my being around him so much. His dying was not a long process—in and out of the hospital, cancer—but living with the diagnosis, and the worry, went on for years, though it wasn't my worry. I didn't know about it until the very end, the last year or even less than that, when he got sick. I spent a lot of time with our friends upstairs. Once they took me to their country house. Driving back, the three kids, Joe, Mel, and me, all fell asleep. At some point, the sun was setting low enough over the Hudson that it streamed into the car, filling it with a deep orange glow, and woke me. Joe, a few years younger, had slid down in the back seat and lay half on the floor of the car. I was bleary eyed, still half asleep, and so was he. He looked up at me. I looked down at him. His dreamy brown eyes were fixed on mine. I had a very strong sense of worry about my father, the first time I had thought of it that weekend, and felt, for some reason, that Joe understood this, or knew what I was thinking.
A faint play of freckles across the bridge of his nose, he was a very beautiful boy. None of us would have thought about it that way at the time, but in hindsight I can see it. He was touched by something, an aura of fate. You could feel it even when he was seven. What kind of fate was unclear. Joe was adopted. "His mother was an eighteen-year-old junkie," Mel, also adopted, informed me matter-of-factly on a number of occasions. That his mother was discussed at all was owing to the fact that one day when they were home alone the intercom rang and the doorman said someone was there who wanted to see Joe. He went downstairs, had an impromptu meeting with his deranged birth mother in the lobby, then came back upstairs.
Now he was just a glazed, sleep-addled seven-year-old. But I remember that look, and the fiery sunset over the Hudson as we came down the Henry Hudson Parkway. And it turns out my father had died that weekend. There must have been other reasons we all stopped hanging out. I'm not sure what they were.
Most of the sledding in my neighborhood took place on that hill at around eighty-second street behind the playground, in Riverside Park. It is just steep enough for some drama, and levels off into the field where in summer we would play softball, where you could glide for a long time.
Joe drove me and Mel completely crazy because at a certain point, as we messed around with our G.I. Joes or whatever else, Joe would call out with a plaintive cry whose every sonic dimension I can still inwardly hear: "Mo-om! Mel and Thomas aren't letting me play!"
And the refrain, from another room, stern and in no uncertain terms from their mother: "Mel! Play with your brother!"
When my friendship with Mel, so tight since age two, maxed out, and dissipated, both he and Joe became people I said hi to in the elevator or on the street, perhaps on my way to my new friend William's house.
Mel and Joe and me must have come down that hill at eighty-second street in Riverside Park a hundred times.
There was one time, though, that is very vivid, maybe my most vivid sledding memory, and it took place in the weird, sharply sloping hill just beside the entrance to Riverside Park at eighty-fourth Street where Mel, Joe, and I had decided to sled. That there might be a reason it wasn't widely used for sledding did not occur to us. In summertime, this was a dense and spooky bramble. At the age of seven, against the rules, I was exploring back there with a friend when we encountered a man with dark, slick backed hair carrying a plastic bag, with whom we had a brief conversation that had somehow lead, in that strangely dreamy way of youth-logic, to his big, pale penis hanging out from his fly, and his encouraging us to touch it. I declined on the grounds it might have germs. But my friend and I had to discuss it. For this reason, the hill may have seemed a tiny bit loaded and dangerous. But now it was winter, and a fresh snow had fallen, thick and deep with a perfect crust of ice. The sky had cleared and was a bright, blinding blue. We ambled into the park with our sleds, no longer tykes, exactly, but still packed up like Michelin Men. I had a Flexible Flyer. This is part of the mystery of Billie's sled. I had one of my own. How had I ended up with hers? Had there been an accidental switch?
It only took a few tries down the hill to figure out why this was not a popular spot. You didn't have much room, but it was steep enough to get a good speed going. But at the bottom of the hill were the park benches on the riverside promenade. With proper steering, you could hit the interval between the two. But we hardly had to time get tired of smashing into the concrete supports of the benches before the incident with the dogs.
There were two of them and they seemed to be playing. Of course it was Joe who they jumped on. Brown, lithe Doberman Pinschers. Their clipped ears covered in white bandages. They had prominent snouts and ferocious teeth. I don't know how long it took to grasp that the playful dogs jumping around Joe, who had just smashed into one of the benches, were not being playful. Or at least that Joe did not see it that way. Such brightness, such glare on the snow, and Joe with his hands up near his face, ducking his head down and then thrashing upward, when I saw his tears. The dog's owner got them under control soon enough. But Joe cried for a long time. This is what happens to younger brothers, I thought. They never catch a break. We went home and I don't recall ever sledding there again.
Years later Joe killed himself. There is a story. Drugs, many other things. I wont defame him by summarizing it, even if that were possible. By the time it happened, they had moved out of the building. "We lost Joe," is what his mother told my mother, who told me. I had seen him around on the street, big hat and army jacket, his virtuoso piano playing now turned towards the Doors. He had been into psychedelics. His mother, I had heard, had gone to Central Park once, at dawn, and found him on the rocks in the Great Lawn. There had been some time at Phoenix House. Yet, maybe because it was psychedelics, it didn't seem a very edgy or dangerous situation. But who can tell? He went to a gun shop with bullets in his pocket. One of those shops behind the police building in what is now the edge of Chinatown; then it was Little Italy. He took the gun, put a bullet in the chamber, and did it right there.
I went sledding with many people who did not kill themselves. Why do these memories force their way to such prominence? Maybe the juxtaposition of that celestial feeling of snow everywhere, the cessation of all the rituals, most importantly school itself. Maybe it's the incredible passivity of having just toppled off a sled into the snow—nature's very own posturepedic mattress, where you are plastered into immobility and there is nothing to do but lie there. Or make angels. Which is to say that even if you are not lying there moving your arms and legs, you feel on such snowy days, as a kid, like you are in heaven. This sounds nice until you really focus on the sentiment, as seen from a kid's point of view—it means life is over, the suspense of what is going to happen has been relieved. All the corrupting messiness of experience has been avoided, cheated. You, and the snow, will stay pristine forever.
Photograph by Emily Anne Epstein/Corbis.


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Lyrics:First verseOh, honey won't you listen here? I'm lonesome and I'm feeling queer, Let's hurry won't you honey dear, Where they do the latest prance. I'm pining and I'm feeling sad, But music always makes me glad, So soothing when you're feeling bad, And you do that Baboon dance. ChorusOh that dance, that baboon baby dance, Swing me high, swing me low, Kiss me quick, and away we go. Honey mine, Now ain't that just divine, If you want to win my love And my heart and my hand and you want to win a home that's the best in the land, do that Ba Do that Ba Oh, that Baboon Baby dance.Second verseOh, honey hear that sweet refrain, Oh, honey there it goes again, Such music may the Lord restrain, 'Cause its got me going sure. Oh, honey cant you hear me sigh, Seems angels are a-flying by, Come closer I just want to cry, Come there's only one real cure.(Chorus)
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text: New York - Rare video showing what life is like under house arrest for Liu Xia, the Chinese artist and poet married to jailed Nobel Peace laureate Liu Xiaobo, was screened for the first time on Tuesday in New York City to an audience of Chinese and American writers and activists who have pushed for her release.Organisers said the two video clips of Liu Xia reciting two poems into a camera held by an unknown person at her apartment in Beijing were shot last month. Liu, wearing a sweatshirt and with her head shaved, gives a thumbs-up sign after reading the second poem.Liu Xia has been under house arrest for the past three years. In 2009, her husband, Liu Xiaobo, was convicted of subversion and sentenced to 11 years in prison for his activism after he wrote and disseminated the Charter 8 document calling for democracy.In 2010 he was awarded the Nobel peace prize, a move the Chinese government denounced and saw as an embarrassment.Since then, authorities have kept Liu Xia isolated to prevent her from becoming, on her husband's behalf, a rallying point for Chinese people seeking democratic change.Liu's younger brother was sentenced to 11 years' imprisonment for fraud. Liu Xia has decried the conviction and sentencing as a vendetta against the whole family.DepressedLiu has been confined to her apartment and hasn't been allowed to interact with most of the outside world, except for supervised errands and monthly visits with her husband and brother, according to Bei Ling, president of the Independent Chinese PEN Centre. Bei said the visits have become more restrictive, including her being forced to communicate through plastic dividers.The video clips were shown before organisers aired a short documentary called The Wife Outside the Barred Window, about the saga of her detention. The documentary includes footage of advocates sneaking into her Beijing apartment past security guards to give her a hug and exchange a couple of private words before being escorted out.Newly translated poetry by Liu Xia, a founding member of Independent Chinese PEN Centre, was also read in both English and Chinese at Tuesday night's event. The readings at one point got emotional as one of the readers broke into tears while reading a 2009 poem written by Liu Xia for her husband.In December, her supporters said Liu was suffering from depression and that she demanded a normal life, where she could see a doctor independently, read her husband's letters and have a job."This just makes me want to ask Chinese authorities: Will you only be happy if you drive Liu Xia crazy, or drive her to death", her close friend, Xu Youyu, said last month.


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St. Ambrose's jazz band and vocal jazz ensemble take the stage for their annual fall concert.
The SAU Choir performs "War and Peace," an eclectic pairing of classic and contemporary choral works addressing issues relating to war, conflict, peace, and understanding.
For tonight's Star Party, it's a Moonless night starring Jupiter and Saturn again, a little lower to the southwest but still easy to spot, and a little closer to each other since September.
Like Happy Hour with music, these hour-long concerts are guided tours of great music by top performers in an intimate setting.


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Among the many society-altering benchmarks of the Civil Rights movement, the integration of Little Rock Central High School in 1957, the March on Washington in 1963 and the March from Selma to Montgomery in 1965 signaled pivotal moments in the fight for equal rights in the United States.
Among the many society-altering benchmarks of the Civil Rights movement, the integration of Little Rock Central High School in 1957, the March on Washington in 1963 and the March from Selma to Montgomery in 1965 signaled pivotal moments in the fight for equal rights in the United States.
Nancy Tice, a Jacksonville resident since 1978, saw all three first hand.
Tice was born on July 14, 1934 among the steel mills of Pittsburgh, Pa. She grew up with her mother, father (a World War I army veteran) and nine siblings (four brothers and five sisters). According to her, prejudice was kept far away from her as she grew up in a culturally diverse neighborhood.
�You couldn�t walk in the city without getting smoke in your face,� said Tice. �Our neighborhood was very integrated. We mostly had Jewish and Italian neighbors and we went to integrated schools. We were taught to treat others as we would want to be treated as we would want to be treated. We were welcomed into their homes. We�d even visit their churches and synagogues from time to time.�
As Tice grew up, so did the nation and its views on civil rights. The Brown v. Board of Education verdict of 1954 and Rosa Parks� arrest in 1955 and the subsequent Montgomery Bus Boycott pushed the Civil Rights matter onto the center of the national consciousness. It was during this time that Tice, too, became involved in the movement while starting her career as a nurse (something she�d do for nearly 40 years). It was during those early years of the movement that Tice met Martin Luther King, Jr., while he was speaking at Forbs Field.
�(Dr. King) was a wonderful person,� said Tice. �He was very warm � he wasn�t a showman. He�d rather step back and let other shine instead of being up front. Despite that, he was a great orator. He was called to be a preacher.�
Tice would strike up a relationship with King that would last until King�s assassination in 1968. In 1957, Tice joined King and a group of demonstrators to support nine black teenagers in Little Rock, Ark., now known as the Little Rock Nine, attempting to integrate Little Rock Central High School. On Sept. 23 of that year, the students entered the school for the first time.
�It was not a good experience,� said Tice. �We didn�t really know what to expect. The tension was thick enough to cut it with a knife. We left before things really erupted.�
The Little Rock Nine did not complete their first day of school as a mob of segregationists loudly, and violently, protested the arrival of their new classmates. According to Tice, pro-integration demonstrators were itching to defend the Little Rock Nine and make sure they completed their day at school the next day; but King held them back.
�(King) told us not to go back,� said Tice. �He said going back would only make things worse and further divide the crowd.�
Tice�s experiences with segregationist policies provided a violent culture shock to her. Venturing below the Mason-Dixon Line meant leaving the integrated neighborhoods of her childhood into something she said she never experienced growing up, but millions of blacks in the south knew all too well: racial prejudice. Tice recalls a particularly difficult experience in a small bus stop outside of Memphis, Tenn. as she and her mother were on their way to a Civil Rights conference.
�We had stopped there and I went up to the front desk to ask for something to eat, and they pointed me to the back,� said Tice. �I started raising Cain, but my mother held me back. She told me �call down! These people will kill you.��
Tice also witnessed the worst of the Jim Crow south in 1965 when she joined King and hundreds of other protesters in Alabama for the march from Selma to Montgomery. What resulted was what some call �Bloody Sunday,� as they were met in Montgomery by Alabama State Troopers.
�We didn�t know what to expect when we crossed the (Edmund Pettus) Bridge,� said Tice. �We were prepared for the worst, though. It was a peaceful march, but the shot water hoses at us and there were dogs at the end of leashes just ready to get at us. We were instructed, though, not to fight back. If anyone said they weren�t afraid, they weren�t telling the truth. It could have been worse, though. If we had responded to what they did to us, it would have erupted into a civil war.�
Tice, though, was there for what some consider being the highlight of the Civil Rights Movement: the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Tice said she was on the marble steps of the Lincoln Memorial as King delivered his �I Have a Dream� speech, which Tice called a �spiritual moment.� According to Tice, the tension was still there, but the day was filled with joy and promise.
�Everyone was extra exuberant,� said Tice. �We still didn�t know what to expect. Things cross your mind like �what if the government turns against us and kills us all,� but we were singing freedom songs and peacefully demonstrated what we wanted: freedom, equality and peace throughout the world.�
Tice said, though, that the promise and hope for a future of peace was shaken later in the decade, especially by King�s assassination and the nationwide riots that were tipped off nationwide, including her hometown. Tice said she was having lunch with a friend after work when the announcement came in.
�Everyone went crazy,� said Tice. �They started pouring into the streets. Lots of people were thinking �here�s a man promoting peace and look what happened to him.� It took away the security some people had that non-violence was the right way to go. It happened to me, too.�
Tice said, though, that looking back on everything that has happened since those years, the progress the country�s made as far as racial equality is concerned. Tice said professional and social opportunities that couldn�t be dreamed of in her father�s prime years are now obtainable by people of all races, colors and creeds. According to Tice, that can be attributed to King�s message of non-violence and the willingness of individuals to stand up and fight for equality.
�I don�t think (King) would have been able to accomplish what he accomplished by going into battle and using violence,� said Tice. �Everything happens for a reason. We wonder where God is in disasters, but if we trust in Him, we will make it through. No one person can change the world. The only thing you can change is yourself.�
Christopher Thomas is a staff writer for the Jacksonville Daily News. To contact him, call 910-219-8473 or e-mail him at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Hank Aaron never hit as many as 53 home runs in a season. Neither did Ted Williams, Lou Gehrig, Frank Robinson nor Mike Schmidt.
So with 53 homers going into the final game, Orioles first baseman Chris Davis is not only the most prolific single-season slugger in club history. He's part of a select group that includes just 17 power hitters in baseball history.
As the Orioles wrap up their season Sunday, short of the playoffs, it's worth reflecting on what a rare show Davis gave Baltimore fans in 2013.
He found that hard to do himself, talking about his season the day after the Orioles were eliminated from postseason contention. "It's hard to reflect and look back on personal accomplishments right now, because I still have a sour taste in my mouth," Davis said.
The enjoyment will come with time, manager Buck Showalter said. "They're going to do that regardless of whether I want them to or not," he said. "They should."
Davis wasted no time showing fans what was coming, homering in the first game of the season and the one after that and the one after that and the one after that. Pair that with his close to the previous season — homers in six of his last seven games — and it was obvious Davis could produce rare power streaks.
The thing was, he had also done that in Texas and then washed out as a prospect. So some observers spent April and May waiting for the bottom to fall out. That skepticism was pretty well gone when Davis reached the All-Star break with 37 home runs and a decent shot at chasing Roger Maris' 61, which some consider the nonsteroid record for a single season.
He couldn't maintain the pace.
Davis struggled in July, just as the baseball world woke to his remarkable performance. He bounced back with nine homers and a .660 slugging average in August before fading again in September, when most of the lineup went into a funk.
In reviewing his season, he was proud that he held the form on a swing he'd rebuilt the previous season and that he wasn't too hard on himself during down stretches.
"I felt like, especially after the All-Star break, guys were really making adjustments, really coming after me a lot harder," he said. "And there were times when I was a little inconsistent. But I think for the most part, given everything that's gone on and what we've been through as a team, I've done a good job of keeping up with my routine, being consistent and really keeping a good solid approach going."
For a little perspective, Davis still hit at a 40-homer pace during his uneven second half. That allowed him to pass Brady Anderson's club record of 50 home runs with almost two weeks to spare. Anderson, now an Orioles executive, cheered from the stands at Fenway Park as Davis crushed a 2-1 slider over the deep center-field wall.
Anderson wasn't the only past Orioles slugger to join the admiration society.
Jim Gentile, who posted the club's first big home run season with 46 in 1961, was in town Thursday to congratulate Davis in person. He had earlier sent an encouraging email as Davis pursued the club record.
"Every decade has their star, and this guy is going to be a star for years," Gentile said.
Standing out
There are any number of ways to parse Davis' impressive season. His performance stands out in part because the game is no longer as glutted with home runs as it was a decade ago. Only one other player, reigning American League Most Valuable Player Miguel Cabrera, has cleared even 40 home runs this season.
Across the majors, players have homered every 39.6 plate appearances this season. That's very similar to the home run climate when Gentile had his big season in 1961. By contrast, when Anderson hit his 50 in 1996, players homered every 35.7 plate appearances.
The analytics website Fangraphs.com recently ran a study of all the 50-homer seasons from the past 50 years and found that Davis' was one of the more impressive compared to league norms. The site ranked his season 10th out of 28 since 1965. By the Fangraphs measure, his power performance doesn't stand out compared with the best of Barry Bonds and Mark McGwire. But then, there's no evidence that Davis has used performance-enhancing drugs as Bonds and McGwire admitted to doing.
Home runs aren't the only impressive part of Davis' power hitting from 2013. He also has 42 doubles, tied for seventh in the majors entering Sunday. How rare is it to see such a pairing of homers and doubles? Only one other player has hit at least 53 homers and at least 42 doubles in the same season: a guy by the name of Babe Ruth.
A stat called isolated power is another way to measure a player's pop; it tells you how many extra bases he has accumulated per at-bat. With a mark of .349 before Saturday night, Davis ranked far ahead of No. 2 Cabrera and was on track for a top-50 season all time. of all-time.
If clutch hitting is your fixation, Davis delivered that as well. Entering the weekend, he was hitting .313 with 11 homers in late-and-close situations, defined as plate appearances in the seventh inning or later with the batting team tied, ahead by one or with the tying run at least on deck. He was hitting .362 with two outs and runners in scoring position.
You need your homers long and majestic? Davis leads the league in "no-doubt" shots, defined by ESPN's Home Run Tracker as balls that clear the fence by at least 20 vertical feet and land at least 50 feet beyond it. Of course, he also leads in homers that barely cleared the wall. The man has simply hit a lot of home runs in 2013.
Despite his record-setting total, it's not clear that Davis has authored the best offensive season in Orioles history. He's on pace to lead the AL in homers, RBIs and total bases and to finish in the top three in OPS — on-base plus slugging — and offensive wins above replacement, the most popular tell-all number in the analytics community.
But in 1966, Frank Robinson not only won the Triple Crown, he also led the league in on-base percentage, slugging, runs scored and every advanced offensive statistic on the books. It's an awfully tough hill to surmount.
The obvious question now: Can Davis do it again?
Raising the bar
History suggests he won't simply fade away. The list of players who hit at least 53 homers in a season isn't crammed with flukes. Of the 16 other players who have cleared that mark, only three — Maris, Luis Gonzalez and Hack Wilson — failed to hit at least 40 home runs in another season. Eight of the 16 posted at least one other 50-homer season.
Davis knows he will enter next season facing a level of outside expectation he's never experienced. If he returns to his 2012 level — 33 home runs would've placed him top 10 in the majors this year — fans will crinkle their noses.
But he doesn't seem concerned.
"I've expected it for myself for a long time," he said. "I had struggles in Texas, and I think that's where I got away from it. I tried to be a player that everybody else wanted me to be instead of the player I knew I was capable of being. Obviously, when you hit 50-plus home runs in a season, you're going to draw some attention to yourself, but I just hope that everybody counts on me to be there every day and compete. The numbers are going to be there at the end of the season."
Showalter was impressed at the way Davis analyzed his 2012 season and grew from it. So he also sounded unconcerned about the expectations facing his first baseman.
"If we took a poll of how many home runs Chris Davis is going to hit next year or how many runs he's going to drive in, you'd probably get a wide variance, which tells you how hard it is to do and how unpredictable a lot of things are," he said. "That's why we always reach for the things we know can be consistent, like defense and effort."
Neither did Davis seem nervous about the contract talk that will percolate as free agency approaches after the 2015 season.
"I would love to stay in Baltimore," he said. "This has been a place where I really feel like I've been accepted and loved and really appreciated. And that's rare, especially in this game, to find a place where you can call it home."


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Some Sire Upgrades And Downgrades 2017
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Topic: Some Sire Upgrades And Downgrades 2017
Posted: 31 Dec 2016 at 4:59pm
[Note : Upgrades will go into effect for any horse bred after midnight tonight; downgrades take place on for any horses bred on or after January 8th, 2017]
Hey folks!
I apologize that I'm a little later than usual.
I'm going to start out with a few notable "big" upgrades in comparison to where the sire ranked last year or changes to the upper tier.
Uncle Mo – Starting to produce at a very impressive clip.
Just a Way (JPN) – Somehow had him far lower than I should have. This should put him closer to where he belongs.
Frankel / Giant's Causeway / Shamardal / Fastnet Rock – I had them all pretty high; I'm taking them higher.
American Pharoah – Could only rate him so high with no history. The industry seems to love him and his mare book is off the charts. If he busts it'll be a shocker of Alysheba proportions. Still can't put him in the "uber elite" status yet, but he can't be ignored.
Not a Single Doubt (AUS) – quality Aussie sprinter that got a big boost
Alderflug (GER) – Big bump for one of the top sires in Germany
Damsires / DDS – I rerated some older damsires upward.. in part because of something I mention at the end of the downgrades
I downgraded a few worth noting –
Special Week (JPN) – Had him too high.. getting him in line
Darci Brahma (NZ) – a great racehorse and given every opportunity to flourish, but his results can't support the rating I had
Raven's Pass – Pretty much a bum at this point; I honestly still have him rated higher than I probably should, just because I like to grade sires down slowly; this guy is testing my patience however
Lower/ Lower-Mid level sires – These guys were popping a little too often without a backend pedigree to support it. So to help counterbalance that, I'm upgrading some DDS's and bringing these guys down some. In other words, you'll need to bring more to the table on the back end to make these types of sires more than bottom fodder.
New sires –
Well guys, it's not the most exciting group we've ever had. But here are some of the highlights..
The Gurkha – Son of Galileo who was very impressive at times. Being at Coolmore is a bonus.
California Chrome – Not a great pedigree, but one of the best older horses we've seen since Cigar. Tiznow turned out to be useful with a so-so pedigree, so I'm giving this guy a fair shot.
Frosted - really hard not to appreciate this pedigree. But while he won his share of good races he was never a pure top-tier runner.
Duramente (JPN) – Record breaking Japanese runner with a great pedigree. Has a chance to be a quality sire but only time will tell.
Good luck in 2017, and thanks for playing as always!
Edited by administrator - 31 Dec 2016 at 7:16pm
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Invest in CFNE
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Since 1975, the Cooperative Fund of New England has provided over $50.4 million in crucial, affordable financing to cooperatives and nonprofits across New England and eastern New York State. Not only have these funds created and retained thousands of jobs and housing units, often in underserved communities, but they have strengthened the user-owned, green cooperative economy.
New England has a strong and growing cooperative economy. As of 2017 CFNE's loans have gone to over 900 borrowers in the region, resulting in creating or retaining jobs for over 10,000 people.
But many of these coops struggle to access credit needed to start-up new coops and expand existing ones. As the only financial institution dedicated to growing the region's cooperative economy, CFNE fills an important niche in attempts to humanize the economy.
We rely on community support to make this happen. The vast majority of our loan pool comes from individuals, cooperatives and community and religious organizations. If you have at least $1,000 available to lend to CFNE for a period of at least one year, consider making that investment in cooperative development. You choose the interest rate, from 0-2%, and whether we repay the loan at a fixed point in time or upon your notification. If you are a cooperative considering lending to CFNE, see our Invest in Coops page. For any individual or institution considering lending, please see our Investment Terms and call our office (1-800-818-7833) to request a password to the prospectus and discuss if this type of loan is right for your risk tolerance and financial situation. Click here for Prospectus.
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By a distance of about half a yard, the Red Sox are half a game behind the Tampa Bay Rays in the AL East.
Here's the math:
David Ortiz missed a home run in the second inning by about a foot and didn't score, Stephen Drew's double in the eighth missed bouncing away from right fielder Wil Myers by a few inches, and Daniel Nava looked like he beat Jose Molina's tag at home by about four inches on what would have been Brandon Snyder's sacrifice fly later in the eighth.
The play at the plate, which wound up as an inning-ending double play, was what the Sox will remember the longest as they try to digest this 2-1 defeat.
It looked like Nava was in just ahead of center fielder Sam Fuld's throw. Plate umpire Jerry Meals disagreed. Nava argued, then manager John Farrell came out and began hollering, which led to his ejection.
�It was a missed call, a terrible call,� Farrell said after the game. �Daniel Nava was safe. We should still be playing now.�
Farrell took issue with Meals' angle on the play. He was on the first-base side of the plate, his viewed blocked by Molina. The video replay seemed to validate that claim. Even more importantly, Meals validated the claim, saying:
�What I saw was, Molina blocked the plate and Nava's foot lifted. But in the replays, you could clearly see Nava's foot got under for a split second and then lifted, so I was wrong on my decision. From the angle I had, I did not see his foot get under Molina's shin guard.�
So, Meals was wrong and it cost the Sox a run. The play at the plate would not have happened if Nava, pinch running for Ryan Lavarnway, had not made a base-running mistake one batter earlier. Nava was on second when Drew hit a liner off the base of the bullpen wall and could only get to third on the double.
Nava went halfway but thought Myers would make the catch, so he headed back toward second.
�It was a missed read,� Farrell said. �You're schooled that if the ball's not caught, you have to be in a position to score.�
�There was no doubt. I knew I was safe,� Nava said. �I wouldn't try and sell it � on replay, you'd see that I was safe. So I knew that I was safe. Unfortunately, that was the situation and obviously that was the call, but at the same time, I probably should have been there the at-bat before.
�I should have scored. It's my fault. I should have scored. A bad read. But, it happens.�
Nava is not the Sox' best base runner, nor their fastest. Farrell had Jose Iglesias available and used him in the ninth. He chose not to use Iglesias earlier, he said, because he wanted to leave open the option to make a double switch later.
Ortiz led off the second with a blast to left-center, one of those �home runs anywhere but Fenway� smashes. It hit a matter of a foot or so below the top of the Green Monster for a double, so Boston had a man on second with nobody out.
Rays starter David Price did not let Ortiz go anywhere. He got Mike Napoli to ground to shortstop, retired Jonny Gomes on a fly ball to center, and induced Lavarnway to ground out to third.
The Rays got their first run in the fourth with Sean Rodriguez lining a double off the top of Napoli's glove with Yunel Escobar at third. Tampa Bay made it 2-0 in the fifth, capitalizing on a leadoff double by Evan Longoria. He scored on Myers' force-play grounder to shortstop.
After Ortiz's double, Price was sensational. He retired the next 13 Boston batters in order, six of them on strikeouts. Snyder snapped that streak with a home run off the right-field foul pole before six more Sox batters went down in a row.
There was a 37-minute rain delay before the bottom of the eighth and Price faced one batter, Gomes, before manager Joe Maddon called for Joel Peralta, which is when the mayhem commenced.
Price got the win to improve to 6-5, working 7-1/3 innings. He beat Felix Doubront, who was in trouble all night. Doubront, who is 7-5, was lifted by Farrell after five.
A little more than half a game � just about the same as Boston's deficit in the division race.
Contact Bill Ballou at email@example.com.


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Nine days after announcing his decision to stay at UCLA, leading scorer Jordan Adams will declare for the NBA draft.
A UCLA spokesperson confirmed the news late Saturday. Yahoo! Sports' Adrian Wojnarowski first broke the story.
Adams' departure robs the Bruins of their top returning player, one who averaged 17.4 points and set a school-record 95 steals. After reaching the Sweet Sixteen in the first year under head coach Steve Alford and for the first time since 2008, UCLA will return a roster that looks almost entirely different.
All-American point guard Kyle Anderson and reserve guard Zach LaVine already had declared for the draft last month. With the trio gone, UCLA loses 41.4 of its 81.2 points per game, a mark that ranked 11th in the NCAA.
But Anderson's departure was solidified even before the season was over, and LaVine's was expected and reported shortly after the Bruins' season-ending loss to Florida. Adams' decision was a dramatic about-face.
"I've had so much fun playing here at UCLA, and I'm really excited about the team we're going to have next year," Adams said in a statement on April 17. "Once the season ended, my family and I began carefully weighing all of my options. In the end, staying at UCLA for my junior year is a win-win situation. I'm glad that I went through the process, received constructive feedback and had time to reflect on what I truly want.
"I love being a Bruin. I'm looking forward to getting back in the gym and the weight room to get better, and I can't wait for next season."
Adams had been projected in some mock drafts as a low first-rounder. Since his announcement to stay, multiple players in the same range have decided to stay in school, including Kentucky's twin guards Aaron and Andrew Harrison.
As for UCLA, the team now looks even lighter in the backcourt and on the wing. It does bring in five-star forward Kevon Looney and four-star center Thomas Welsh, but its top returning scorer will be rising senior Norman Powell, who averaged 11.4 points per game but was most efficient in transition.
Isaac Hamilton, a five-star prospect who sat out his freshman season after breaking a letter of intent with UTEP, also figures to play a significant role.
The Bruins will try and recruit Isaac's brother, Daniel Hamilton, who signed grant-in-aid with national champion UConn but is free to go elsewhere.


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My husband, Cameron, is very good at making smart, healthy things to eat and I wanted to share this tasty chickpea salad he made.
I wouldn't tell anyone else to do this but after the chickpeas were cooked I went through and removed what I call the 'pants' off almost each individual chickpea. The 'pants' are the soft, clear skins. I hate them so I remove them (do you do this?) but feel free to leave them with their pants on.
Chickpea Salad
12 oz dried chickpeas
several sprigs fresh thyme
zest of 1 orange
1 teaspoon mustard seed
1 teaspoon caraway seed
1 bay leaf
2 shallots - one, peeled, ends trimmed and one diced
3 cloves garlic, peeled, lightly crushed
1 carrot, peeled, halved
small bunch fresh mint, chopped
small bunch fresh cilantro, chopped
juice of 1 lime
drizzle olive oil
1 shallot, minced
1 red bell pepper, seeded and diced
1 carrot, blanched, peeled, diced
s + p
Soak dried chickpeas over night in plenty of water. Drain and transfer to a large pot. Create a bouquet garni by tying thyme, orange zest, mustard, caraway and bay up into a cheese cloth pouch. Place in pot along with peeled shallot with ends trimmed, garlic cloves, and carrot halves. Cover with lots of water (chickpeas will soak up a lot of water while cooking. Bring to a boil and simmer mostly cover with lid slightly ajar for about 1 hour until cooked through and soft but still with some firmness. Drain and discard everything but chickpeas.
Toss chickpeas with mint, cilantro, lime juice, olive oil, shallot, bell pepper and carrot. Season with salt and pepper to taste.


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Research at Mass General
Raymond Chung, MD, Director of Hepatology and Vice Chief of Gastroenterology, leads an NIH-funded Center for Human Immunology U19 Program, a consortium of eight projects centered on understanding the basis for the persistence of hepatitis C virus, an infection with a remarkable tendency to become chronic.
His laboratory has been committed to uncovering the strategies employed by hepatitis C virus to ensure its persistence in the liver, and the basis by which the infection causes liver scarring and cancer.
These studies include investigations into the basis for host genetic predispositions to successful responses to therapy with interferon.
His group has also been exploring the basis for HCV's disruptive effects on lipid metabolism and insulin handling by the liver that lead to alterations in cholesterol levels and increased risk for diabetes.
Dr. Chung also leads the Mass General site of the NIH Hepatitis B Research Network, which is committed to long term study of optimal antiviral treatment strategies to prevent cirrhosis and liver cancer in persons chronically infected with this hepatitis virus.
Our laboratory projects include:
Our laboratory has been focused on the mechanisms of HCV persistence and pathogenesis.
Hepatitis C virus infects 170 million persons worldwide and is remarkable for its predilection for chronicity. It is also a leading cause of chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and is the leading reason for liver transplantation.
We have focused our efforts in development of model systems supportive of HCV replication, elucidating some of the many mechanisms by which viral proteins subvert innate antiviral immunity, particularly type I IFN signaling.
We have focused on the actions of HCV core protein, which induces the selective degradation and inhbition of STAT1 phosphorylation.
We are also studying suppressors of cytokine signaling (particularly SOCS3) and their interaction with IFN signaling in chronic HCV.
Interferon alfa, a type I IFN, exerts its broad antiviral effect through the induction of hundreds of host interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). However, the key genes operative against HCV are unknown.
We have been using functional genomic approaches to elucidate the key genes responsible for type I IFN action, in the hopes of refining treatments that retain interferon's potency without producing the numerous systemic adverse effects that limit interferon therapy.
In separate studies, a genome wide association study (GWAS) has identified that a polymorphism in the IL28B (IFN lambda-3) locus that is a powerful predictor of success with interferon alfa therapy.
We are now exploring the functional basis for this finding using HCV infection models. By identifying the host mediators of IL28B action, we hope to further optimize treatment approaches to HCV.
Another avenue our laboratory has taken is a high throughput screen for small molecules that regulate HCV infection using a tractable replicon model.
To accomplish this, we have successfully employed two large scale screening strategies. Using a compound screening library, we have identified a number of small molecules that inhibit HCV replication and have successfully performed target identification to clarify their host cell targets.
Similarly, we have used a whole genome siRNA library approach and identified several dozen host genes that participate in HCV replication.
These include proteins involved in the secretory pathway and facilitation of intracellular lipid transport.
We believe that these approaches will add to our understanding of the underpinnings of HCV replication and lead to novel strategies to interrupt its lifecycle.
Unraveling the mechanisms underlying the acceleration of HCV pathogenesis by HIV coinfection
We have also been interested in understanding the basis for the observation of more progressive HCV-related liver disease in HIV-infected persons, despite the lack of liver tropism for HIV.
We have found that HIV and its envelope protein gp120 can upregulate HCV replication through chemokine receptor-dependent means, and that this upregulation of HCV replication is TGF-b mediated.
This finding may help to explain both the increased levels of HCV replication observed in HIV, but also the acceleration of hepatic fibrosis observed in coinfection.
We are currently studying the mechanisms by which viral proteins induce TGF-beta and, in turn, contribute to hepatic fibrosis.
We have also found that HIV can promote hepatocyte apoptosis, highlighting another avenue for its contribution to accelerated pathogenesis.
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It's rare that Americans find themselves floating under the radar in international athletic events. Teams representing the red, white and blue perennially gobble up gold medals in sports as diverse as basketball and swimming. In the last year, the U.S. even made great strides in soccer and hockey, games typically dominated by European countries and Canada.
So it seems odd that the country that is home to four of the world's top ten golfers starts its defense of the biennial Ryder Cup today as a massive underdog. But that was the case as Phil Mickelson and Dustin Johnson took to the links against Europeans Lee Westwood and Martin Kaymer under rainy skies in Newport, Wales.
Johnson sent the first shot of the round into the rough, while Westwood put his right on the fairway, perhaps a portentous sign of things to come. But Mickelson dropped his shot into the fairway, as did Kaymer. The European team jumped out to leads in all four of the opening round matches before heavy rains postponed play.
"The first thing I need is to find a hair dryer," said Kaymer after being drenched.
When it comes to the Ryder Cup, it actually makes sense to be wary of Uncle Sam's boys. The U.S. has only captured two of the last seven cups, hasn't won away from the states in 17 years and was embarrassed by nine points in both 2004 and 2006.
But all eyes will fall on one particular player who teed off in the day's third pairing: Tiger Woods. The world's number one ranked player suffered through a miserable year, on and off the course. His marriage ended in divorce after his serial adultery was exposed and he rarely looked like his old, dominant self on the PGA tour. In fact, he looked mortal and had to plead with Ryder Cup coach Corey Pavin just to get a spot on this year's team. But that doesn't mean he's down and out.
"My bet is that if ever Tiger is going to be energized in a Ryder Cup, it is going to be this one," said golf great Jack Nicklaus before the competition got underway.
Woods has typically teed off in the first pairing in his previous Ryder Cup appearances, but he will play in the third group this year with Steve Stricker against Ian Poulter and Ross Fisher, the number 16 and 27th ranked players in the world respectively.
"I was expecting Tiger to go first, " said European captain Colin Montgomerie. "Tiger being 'hidden' is a different move."
Woods' record in the event is worth hiding from view. He's 10-13-2 in his Ryder Cup matches and has only played on one winning squad. However, given his poor performance to date this year, being sent down out of the first group may be just the thing Woods needs to find his game. Freed from the pressure of expectations, the Tiger lurking in the rough may be America's best chance to bring the cup home again.
Selected Reading: Washington Post, ESPN, Boston Globe


text:
For the following wave equation
$ \frac{{\partial ^2 p}}{{\partial ^2 x}} + \frac{{\partial ^2 p}}{{\partial ^2 y}} = A\frac{{\partial ^2 p}}{{\partial ^2 t}} + B\frac{{\partial p}}{{\partial t}} $
is there a way to show that there are boundary conditions at or near positive and negative infinity, for both non-zero B and B=0 conditions, and for {A,B} as rational numbers? I believe that this should follow from Sommerfeld's condition of radiation, and should perhaps be similar to conditions for the ordinary wave equation. What are these boundary conditions? Ideally, I think that the boundary conditions should involve both time and spatial derivatives.
By "positive and negative infinity" I mean that I am interested in what happens when $x \to \pm \infty $ and $y \to \pm \infty$. I've been working on a problem where I would like to computationally solve the wave equation with boundary conditions that approximate infinity. So I suppose that this would be an imposed compatibility condition.


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Crossing Cultural Borders and Markets – Designing for Today and TomorrowVIEW EVENT DETAILS
'Imminent Domain' Exhibition Lecture Series
Evening forum with architect and designer Lo Chi Wing; designer Kai-Yin Lo; designer Lee Chi Wing; and Prof. Leslie Lu, Principal, Hong Kong Design Institute (moderator)
Registration: 6:00 pm
Forum: 6:30 pm
Close: 8:00 pm
Creative and innovative design across various fields through different mediums influences our lives on a day-to-day basis. However, how do designers respond to international markets and demands for originality, beauty, functionality, lasting qualities and user-friendliness to carve a place in design distinction, sustainability and durability? And how do they embrace and interpret inherent cultural traditions, in particular Chinese heritage to create innovative expressions that seamlessly transcend geographic, aesthetic and cultural borders? How do they provide for the life of tomorrow in driving lifestyle changes and affecting aesthetic perceptions?
Three of Hong Kong's leading international designers will conduct a lively debate over these issues which will be moderated by architect and educator Professor Leslie Lu.
Lo Chi Wing was raised in Hong Kong, and received his Master's Degree in Architecture from Harvard University. He is a protégé of Professor Massimo Scolari, and has been actively pursuing design in Italy for almost two decades. Lo has taught at Syracuse University in New York State and was a member of the Akademie Schloss Solitude in Stuttgart. A visiting critic in several universities and a frequent speaker at design events, Lo has a multidisciplinary practice, integrating art, architecture, interior and furniture designs with exclusive projects in Milan, Athens, London, Istanbul, Yalta, Dubai, Shanghai and Beijing.
Kai-Yin Lo is one of the first Chinese designers to successfully break into the international market. She is an international brand, a pioneer in elevating semi-precious stones to become a mainstay in jewelry design, and a forerunner in re-interpreting culture and heritage into original and highly wearable art that both reflects China and Asia's past and present and heralds the future. Kai-Yin, who studied European history at Cambridge and London Universities, has been described by the Wall Street Journal as a "Renaissance woman." She is also an author, curator, art and cultural advisor, Visiting Professor, School of Design, Central Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing and the first Principal Guest Lecturer, Cross Culture, Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design. The Kai-Yin Lo lecture on Asian Arts and Culture will debut in Hong Kong in late spring, after nine successful years in New York.
Lee Chi Wing was born in Hong Kong, and received a BA in Industrial Design from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University before attending the Ecole Nationale Superieurede Creation Industrielle in Paris where he received his MA. In 1998, Lee set up Milk Design. Its main services include design consultancy for industrial and consumer products for international companies, and the conception and creation of lifestyle products.
Professor Leslie Lu (moderator) received his Master of Architecture Degree from Yale University in 1977, and was the recipient of the Japan Ministry of Culture Monbusho Scholarship 1983, where he conducted research in design and urban theory in Tokyo, Japan. Mr. Lu has practiced with Cesar Pelli and Associates, Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates, and Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates. During his Monbusho Scholarship research studies in Japan, he worked with Shinohara Kazuo on the design of the Centennial Hall in the Tokyo Institute of Technology. Mr. Lu has lectured and served as design critic in major international universities including Columbia University, Cambridge University, Delft University of Technology, Princeton University, Yale University, Shenzhen University, Tongji University, Tsinghua University and the Chinese University Hong Kong.
|Major sponsor*
Supporting organizations:
Hong Kong Design Centre
Hong Kong Institute of Architects
*CreateHK disclaimer
"The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region provides funding support to the project only, and does not otherwise take part in the project. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in these materials/events (or by members of the project team) do not reflect the views of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region."


text:
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Lead Advocates for MINNESOTA


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Parking + -
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Provided by Hotel
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- The hotel does not allow any pets other than service animals.
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text:
Lochranza Bay and Castle at Sunset
Wide view of Lochranza castle in the bay at sunset.
Turnberry Lighthouse at Sunset
Turnberry Lighthouse at sunset on the Ayrshire coast
Maidens Sunset
Sunset at at series of rocks known as the "Maidens of Turnberry" located in the village of Maidens in South Ayrshire in Scotland.
Ailsa Craig on the Ayrshire Coast
Pastel Sunset of Ailsa Craig, a small island of 240 acres off the Ayrshire Coast in Scotalnd.
Sunset at Turnberry
Sunset at Trump Turnberry golf course with Ailsa Craig in the backround
Turnberry Lighthouse
Sunset at Turnberrry Lighthouse
Lighthouse at Sunset
Sun going down at Turnberry Lighthouse in Ayrshire, Scotland UK.
Sunset at Turnberry Lighthouse
Low key sunset at Turnberry Lighthouse
Turnberry Castle and Lighthouse Sunset
Sunset with Turnberry lighthouse and the ruin/remains of Turnberry Castle. Turnberry Castle is believed to be the birthplace of King Robert the Bruce who led Scotland to claim its right as an independent country in the Battle of Bannockburn in June 1314
Greenan Castle Sunset at Ayr in Scotland
Sunset at Greenan Castle. Greenan Castle is a 16th-century tower house, possibly on the site of an ancient fort, around 2.5 miles south-west of Ayr in South Ayrshire, Scotland
Lochranza Sunset
Sunset at Lochranza on the Isle of Arran in Scotland.
Sheep at Sunset
Lone sheep at sunset at Lochranza on the Isle of Arran.
Sunset at the Castle
Sunset with lens flare at Lochranza Castle on the Isle of Arran.
Castle Reflection
Sunset at Lochranza Castle with reflection in water. Lochranza castle is a ruined castle in Lochranza bay on the Isle of Arran in Scotland.
Sunset on Machrie Moor
Sunset at the Standing Stones on Machrie Moor on the Isle of Arran in Scotland.
Sun hitting Standing Stone on Machrie Moor
Sun hitting Standing Stone on Machrie Moor
Machrie Moor Sunset at Standing Stones
Ancient Standing Stones captured at Machrie Moor at Sunset
Sunset at Standing Stone on Machrie Moor
Ancient standing stone on Machrie Moor
Standing Stone at Machrie Moor
Lone standing stone at Machrie Moor on the Isle of Arran
Sunset on the Moor
Ancient Standing Stones on Machrie Moor.
Sunset at Blackwaterfoot Isle of Arran


text:
|7 publishers found when searched for: Country: Malaysia
|Important: Although publishers have default policies, individual journals may have special permissions, especially if they involve other organisations or have paid open access options. Always run a journal title or ISSN search to check.
|Use this site to find a summary of permissions that are normally given as part of each publisher's copyright transfer agreement.


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Bank reaches $10.8M settlement with Freddie Mac
A statewide bank has reached a settlement with Freddie Mac over mortgage repurchase obligations regarding mortgages it had sold, but did not live up to expectations — similar to a settlement of "legacy issues" the bank reached with Fannie Mae in November.
The announcement by Troy-based Flagstar Bancorp on Monday states that Flagstar will pay Freddie Mac — the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation — $8.9 million to resolve substantially all of the repurchase requests and obligations associated with loans originated by Flagstar from 2000 through 2008 and later sold to Freddie Mac.
The total resolution amount is $10.8 million, but it has been reduced by previously paid claim credits and other adjustments.
Flagstar, the largest Michigan-based bank, said its current representation and warranty reserve specific to the loans covered by the agreement is sufficient to cover the payment.
In early November, Flagstar announced it had reached an agreement with Fannie Mae to resolve the same problems from the same period, for $121.5 million.
"This agreement is another positive step for Flagstar in further reducing the company's risk profile, while supporting improved performance," said Alessandro DiNello, Flagstar president/CEO. "We believe that our accomplishments in 2013 have positioned Flagstar for sustainable long-term growth in 2014 and beyond."
Flagstar was chartered in 1987 as a federal savings bank and today has assets of $11.8 billion, according to its website.
It describes itself as a "top-tier mortgage originator in the country, and one of the nation's top 10 largest savings banks." The organization says it is also "one of the leading FHA lenders in the country."


text:
The Fishy Mixture Water Quality Inquiry Lab is an inquiry project including multiple lessons taught over the span of 1 to 2 weeks. To help manage the magnitude of this project, you will find the project split into 4 parts.
This lesson utilizes many of the Next Generation Science Standards. I've described how these standards are met in this video.
In addition, details of the alignments of content standard to concepts and practices are found in the resource Fishy Mixture NGSS Alignment.
The purpose for the EVALUATION stage is for both students and teachers to determine how much learning and understanding has taken place. To accomplish this goal, we complete several activities:
1) We evaluate the water samples using the Fishy Mixture Water Quality Rubric (Water Quality Scoring Rubric Example). I often bring the samples up to the front and we evaluate the samples together as a way of sharing our data. During this time, we share what separation methods were successful and which were not. This video explains the evaluation of the water samples:
2) Students plan and write a RECALL Lab Conclusion (see these related lessons: Writing a RECALL Lab Conclusion Part 1 and Part 2) using the graphic organizer in the Fishy Mixture Lab Sheet. I often give students a choice about how they want to present this information: finalize their planning into a final lab report or finalize their planning into a final creative presentation (Prezi, Google slideshow, Infographic, Google poster). For examples of student RECALL Lab Conclusions, view these: Fishy Mixture RECALL Student Example 1, Fishy Mixture RECALL Student Example 2 and Fishy Mixture RECALL Planning Student Example. For writing rubrics, try: Scientific Communication Rubric or Argument from Evidence Rubric.
3) Upon completion of this project, a final class discussion using several prompts to assess what we have learned and think about next steps is an appropriate closing activity. These prompts may include:
- What can you conclude about separating mixtures from this activity?
- What do you think we should do to save the white sucker fish?
- What other types of mixtures might be harmful to humans or the environment?
- Whose responsibility is it to provide us with safe water?


text:
Issue number 16 of the Official Rock Band Zine has hit fans' inboxes today, bringing with it news of three more Foreigner songs and another bunch of Warped Tour songs hitting the store next week.
Following up on last week's Warped Tour song pack comes Vans Warped Tour 3-Pack, adding Dear and the Headlights' "Sweet Talk", The Devil Wears Prada's "Hey John, What's Your Name Again?", and Thrice's "Image of the Invisible" to this week's 5 song pack.
Counterbalancing next week's Warped content is a trio of songs from classic rock band Foreigner, who bring "Blue Morning Blue Day" , "Headknocker", and next week's song we can't believe wasn't already in Rock Band, "Feels Like The First Time".
Throw in the odd Black Rebel Motorcycle Club track, "Weapon of Choice", and you've got next week's additions to the Rock Band Music Store for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. If they aren't there on the 30th, wait two days, which is also a fun way to tell which console you have, in case you are confused.


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Victory Endurance Total Recovery - 1.25kg
Fast and free delivery from €200
Recommended: combine it with...
Characteristics Victory Endurance Total Recovery - 1.25kg
- Maximum Recovery
- Advanced formula to maximise recovery after training.
- Minimises muscle damage in endurance sports.
- Carbo-Protein Optimum Complex: The perfect combination of dextrose, whey protein isolate and hydrolysed whey protein serves to maximize the muscles' use of those nutrients, since the right conditions are created for tese to reach the body's cells rapidly and bring about an immediate recovery.
- Glutamine peptides and L-Glutamine: Are essential amino acids in repairing muscle tisse and recovery. Also improves the functioning of the immune system and reduces "Over-Training Syndrome" (OTS).
- Branched-chainamino acids (BCAAs): These are amino acids that must be ingested as part of a person's diet or through an appropriate supplement. Essential to muscle growth and recovery. They also fight the feeling of tiredness or "central fatigue" caused by an imbalance between the concentration of BCAAs and Tryptophan.
- Electrolytes: In endurance sports, re-establishing the electrolyte balance in cells is essential to producing good muscle response.
- Vitamins: These are necessary for good recovery, especially antioxidants in order to avoid oxidative stress produced by prolonged physical exertion.
Suggested usage
Stir 50 g powder (1 measure scoop) in 250 ml water. To guarantee maximum recovery and minimise muscle damage, take one portion immediately after exercise.
To improve recovery, can also be taken 30 minutes before the end of an extended training session (2-3 hours).
Format and Flavor
Victory Endurance Total Recovery - 1.25kg / Watermelon
Carbo-Protein Optimum Complex (Dextrose, Whey Protein Isolate, Hydrolysed Whey Protein), Glutamine, L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, L-Valine, Glutamine Peptides, Flavours, Colour: E122; Vitamin Mix (Vitamin C (as Ascorbic Acid), Niacin (as Nicotinamide), Vitamin E (as DL-Alpha-Tocopherol), Pantothenic Acid (as Calcium-Pantothenate), Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxine Hydrochloride), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Thiamin (Vitamin B1 as Hydrochloride), Biotin, Vitamin A (Retinol), Folacin (as Folic Acid), Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol), Vitamin B12 (as Cobalamin prep.)), Mineral Mix (Sodium Cloride, Magnesium Hidroxide, Iron Diphosfate, Zinc Oxide, Copper Gluconate, Manganese Sulfate, Sodium Iodine, Sodium Selenite).
More information
Nutritional Information
|Per 100g
|per 50g
|1660 kJ/ 391 Kcal
|830 kJ/ 195 Kcal
|28 g
|14 g
|67,3 g
|33,7 g
|0,3 g
|0,1 g
|0 g
|0 g
|0,08 g
|0,04 g
|Vitamin A
|800 µg
|400 µg (50%*)
|Vitamin D
|5 µg
|2,5 µg (50%*)
|Vitamin E
|12 mg
|6 mg (50%*)
|Vitamin C
|80 mg
|40 mg (50%*)
|1,1 mg
|0,6 mg (50%*)
|Vitamin B2
|1,4 mg
|0,7 mg (50%*)
|Vitamin B3
|16 mg
|8 mg (50%*)
|Vitamin B6
|1,4 mg
|0,7 mg (50%*)
|Folic Acid
|200 µg
|100 µg (50%*)
|itamin B12
|2,5 µg
|1,3 µg (50%*)
|50 µg
|25 µg (50%*)
|Pantothenic Acid
|6 mg
|3 mg (50%*)
|96 mg
|48,2 mg (6%*)
|14 mg
|7 mg (50%*)
|375 mg
|188 mg (50%*)
|55 µg
|27,5 µg (50%*)
|2 mg
|1 mg (50%*)
|10 mg
|5 mg (50%*)
|150 µg
|75 µg (50%*)
|BCAA´s (L-Leucine, L-Valine, L-Isoleucine)
|5,7 g
|2,9 g
|Glutamine (L-Glutamine and Glutamine Peptides)
|5,2 g
|2,6 g
|* % NRV = Percentage of Daily Reference Intakes for Adults
Comparative Victory Endurance Total Recovery - 1.25kg
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Victory Endurance Total Recovery - 1.25kg
Shipping Victory Endurance Total Recovery - 1.25kg
- Delivery feeFree delivery on orders over €200
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