text:
Meeting Notes 2011 08 02
- 1 HOWTO run a meeting.
- 2 Agenda
- 2.1 Introduction and Names
- 2.2 Short Announcements
- 2.3 New or Stale Events
- 2.4 Upcoming Events edit
- 2.5 Recurring Events edit
- 2.6 Financial Report
- 2.7 Membership Binder
- 2.8 Consensus items
- 2.9 Discussion Items
- 2.10 End of Meeting
HOWTO run a meeting.[edit]
Pick a moderator, and a note-taker. The note-taker should:
- write notes in this page, put them back up online when they're done, CHECK
- edit the frontpage so that it points to this weeks and next week's meeting notes in the meeting bit, CHECK
- edit the Current Consensus Items if anything is decided to be up for consensus next week (stuff raised for consensus this week should be publicised for a final decision next week)
- edit the Consensus Items History if anything was consensed or failed to consense this week.
- tell email@example.com and email@example.com if there are new members.
Moderator should:
- make sure everyone gets a chance to speak
- speak minimally themselves
- keep the meeting moving! you're in charge of summarising the consensus, and/or suggesting things that need to be done!
- get the membership binders and ensure they are returned to the black desk
The 172nd Meeting of Noisebridge
Note-taker: mrdomino
Moderator: WHO IS IT I DON'T KNOW
who is getting water
after which
Introduction and Names[edit]
- What Noisebridge is about: "Noisebridge is a 501c3 nonprofit that provides a space for creation, collaboration, and learning about technology and creative projects. Noisebridge provides space, power tools, and infrastructure to help the public learn new skills and create cool things. Noisebridge continues to exist through and depends entirely on membership fees and donations. Our code of conduct is 'Be excellent to each other'."
- Round of introductions: What's your name, what do you do, and if you are new, how did you hear about Noisebridge? Start with the moderator and go left.
- Kelly
- Michael
- Crutcher
- John, multilpe personalities but still john
- Rob
- Duncan
- Maddie?
- Bill (give him bow)
- dara drawing 8======================D
- mrdomino
- jason
- mike (tech wanderer)
- chris he who is
- Leif
- A brief primer on consensus process: We agree and so should you! Only paid-up members can block consensus.
Short Announcements[edit]
Cool new projects? Something you'd like people to know? Say now, but keep it short!
- crutcher wants to give a donation for his dues but there's no way to pay his dues without it being a donation if he's late
- rayc cleaned up a like FUCKTON of stuff
- crutcher something something budget
- lief: steganography project (talk to him afterwards)
New or Stale Events[edit]
Is there anything new happening at the space? Is there anything that has stopped happening at the space?
Here are the current events (you don't need to read all of these out):
Not all events make it onto this calendar. And some of the listings here may be out of date.
Many events only make it to the Discussion or Announcements mailing lists, IRC, our Noisebridge Meetup page <https://www.meetup.com/noisebridge>, or in person at Tuesday meetings. Best of all, Noisebridge is about people getting together at the space in San Francisco to do stuff. DO pay attention, as some eventSs just arise organically from the bottom up!
Want to host your event at Noisebridge? We like seeing classes and talks on interesting things pertaining to various subjects of hacking. Most of all, we like seeing familiar faces. Please participate in the space and our weekly Tuesday meetings to see if we're the right audience for what you want to share before announcing a new event. Additionally, please see our events hosting page for suggestions on how to use Noisebridge for your event/class/workshop.
Resources For Hosting Events
Upcoming Events edit[edit]
Saturday, October 12th, 12:00 – 14:00, -- G|O|D|W|A|F|F|L|E||N|O|I|S|E||P|A|N|C|A|K|E|S
Which will be more comedic?? Probably Coconut pancakes again har-de-ha.
full line grunt:
Beast Nest Gendreau/Mazawa's Glandboom Love Laser in a Strontium Thong Eric Glick Rieman Mother Woolly Mary's Guillotine
vegan pancakes served.
Recurring Events edit[edit]
E - Every week.
1st - Certain weeks, e.g. 1st week only.
-2nd - Except certain weeks, or other schedule exceptions.
- E Take Out the Trash Night - Be sure to put bins out by midnight as the trash truck comes between 1:30 to 2:30am.
- 2nd 6:00pm to 8:00 pm Make:SF Project Build Hello Makers, We continue our maker journey and our December MeetUp will be at the historic NoiseBridge! We'll have our usual selection of projects. Each one is merely $10, and you take it home with you after you build it with our gear. December we have an additional food project. If you have your own project or idea, bring it! First timers and skilled makers come to this meetup and its always fun and informative. RSVP to our Meetup page and I will connect you with the info on how you too can be excellent at NoiseBridge. [1] Mondays are very busy at NoiseBridge. We predict you will return to NoiseBridge soon for their classes. Diana 271-4286.
- 3rd Mondays is the original Circuit Hacking Mondays. Learn to solder! And make cool things with electronics. People can bring kits-for-purchase to make cool, hackable things for all skill levels that you can bring home after you make them! Many designed for absolute beginners! Bring your own projects to hack! Bring things to fix! All ages. All are welcome! See the Discuss list and the Announce list for weekly updates.
- E 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm Intermediate Python with PyClass - Crash course in the Python standard library. Monday session is held in Church Classroom.
Super Tuesdays![edit]
- E 8:00 pm Noisebridge Weekly Meeting - Introducing new people and events to the space, general discussion, and decision-making on key issues. This is your space, folks. Come on out here in person to express what you think about what's going on with it!
- E 11am to 6pm freeCodeCamp Workshop - Come code with us! Learn full stack web development with JavaScript, HTML, CSS. Everyone is welcome!
- E 3:00 pm to 7:00 pm - Whiteboarding & Algorithms Workshop - Wednesday Edition - Let's practice whiteboarding, algorithms, and other interviewing techniques together!! =D This event will be in the Hackitorium!! ^_^ (This is also a support group for job
- E 8:00 pm to 10:00 pm Dream Team Neuro Hackery - EEG research & development project with general interest in sleep, dreaming, creative intelligence, and many loosely related topics such as: neurophysiology, signal processing, cognitive neuroscience, and (especially) hacking code and devices for data acquisition and analysis. Join us at the CollaborationStation (near the Hackatorium). Expect general discussion around 8 PM - usually moving along by 9 PM to focus on more technical aspects of current project.
- E 8:00 pm to 11:00 pm Gamebridge Unityversity Digital Art Wednesdays - Beginner-friendly game development class and meetup, learn and share 2D/3D art. We will explore a variety of tools and techniques for digital visual art creation. Learn how to mentor and help teach game dev. (@ the Noise Square Table).
- E Trash Night -- Round Two - Take out the trash for Friday morning! Do it by midnight as truck comes ~1:30am to 2:30am.
- 3rdE 8:00 pm to 9:00pm Five Minutes of Fame a.k.a. 5MoF - Ten 5min talks in an hour, on any topic on the 3rd Thursday of the month.
- lastE 6:00 PM – 9:00 PM -- Queer Game Dev Meetup (QGDM) in the Noisebridge HackItorium -- Come check out the next Queer Game Dev Meetup, in the Mission District in San Francisco. Here you will find other queer game devs, game-making enthusiasts, and be a part of an inclusive community that welcomes everyone who is interested in creating games. With language support in English, Español, and Português!
- E 9:06 pm to 11:06 pm NeurotechSF SF VR Presents: Neurohaxor code & discussion nights. We meet to discuss and or write code. We might discuss neuroscience, brain computer interfaces, webXR development, artificial intelligence development, physics, math. We might write code with a-frame, threejs, webxr, webgl, json, javascript, go language, tensorflow etc... Watch the new video here: https://photos.app.goo.gl/5XsrPcEeVdUmVt9t6 Meet near the Collaboration Station which is near the Hackitorium tables closest to the Mission St side of Noisebridge. To make sure the meeting is ON for the night you are interested in attending please RSVP here for updated information https://www.meetup.com/NeuroTechSF
- E 8:00 pm to 11:00 pm Gamebridge Unityversity Game Dev Thursdays - Beginner-friendly game development class and meetup, learn and share C# Unity coding, 2D/3D design, and writing. Learn how to mentor and help teach game dev. (Church classroom).
- 3rd Friday Noisebridge Gaming Archivists Meetup 6:00 pm to 10:00 pm -- Come play, fix, mod retro consoles. Create and play is our motto! If you like video games, this is the place for you.
- E 7:00 pm to 8:00 am Hacknights happens every friday rain or shine, its the magical night when Noisebridge is open to the public ALL NIGHT LONG!! Meet in Hackitorium RSVP by following this link https://www.meetup.com/noisebridge/events/254878863/
- E 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm Technology & Computerology & Systemology --- Technology: The study of creating, use, evolution and history of things. Computerology: The study of computers, or any kind of work with computers; computing. Systemology: The study and evolution of systems.
- E 7:00 pm to 10:00 pm FUN Tutoring in Church or CollaborationStation
- 3rd (paused for now but starting back up after Noisebridge moves, then running until October 26, 2019)E 2:00 PM – 5:00 PM -- Saturday Afternoon Figure Drawing! -- Come draw with us! Sketchboard Community is an affordable figure drawing meetup, hosted at various venues that support artists with live music and some art supplies provided! 1 model, long poses, with a few gesture poses in the first hour. Noisebridge aim to provide a space for people to hack, create, learn, and explore in a safe, welcoming, and accessible environment. Entry is a $5-25 sliding scale donation and go towards paying models, musicians, organizers & the venues. If you can't pay $, please help volunteer, promote, or bring friends so we can keep the event affordable & accessible! You can also sign up to volunteer via eventbrite. All mediums are welcomed, but please being a tarp is you plan on using oil or any water soluble medium or graphite. We provide some art supplies, easels, and tables for your use. This is a supportive, body-positive, creative space for people of all ages, identities, and experience levels. Any questions, please ask Brittany or Natalie: email@example.com
- E 11:00 am to 1:00 pm Sunday Morning iOS Peer Lab Meetup - iOS Meetup for people want to hack together. Feel free to do whatever you want: work on your project, ask and teach each other, have a chat with folks. Please check out iOS Peer Lab Meetup page for upcoming schedule. https://www.meetup.com/iOS-peer-lab/
- E 1:00 pm to 3:00 pm (times are still experimental until we find out what users like) - Whiteboarding & Algorithms Workshop - Weekend Edition - Let's practice whiteboarding, algorithms, and other interviewing techniques together!! =D This is a more structured version than the Wednesday version. Hosted by Bernice & Ishan. This event will be in the Hackitorium!! ^_^ (This is also a support group for job-hunters.)
- alternating weekly 1:00 pm to 2:30 pm -- 101 Intro to Ableton Live in the Hackitorium. Anyone with an interest in making music on their computer is welcome to participate. All welcome, no experience necessary.
- alternating monthly 1:00 pm Monthly Lock Sport Collaboration: Come learn how to pick locks and learn more about them with the SF Bay Area chapter of TOOOL. The group meets on alternating months at Noisebridge and in San Jose. Check the [httpsS://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/tooolsf TOOOL SF announcement list] for details.
- alternating weekly 4:00 pm to 5:30 pm - audioChurch Potluck by Gnar Center - is a great 90 minutes in which to share your audio or video project! Instruments, Projects, Pre-recorded Music, Software and Hardware are fine! Bring a snack + project to share, or just hang out. See our meetup, facebook or official Event page for details
HACK POLITICS: STILL HAPPENING? we must know.
Financial Report[edit]
Funds in bank: 16,931.18. Dropping some figures in here in advance. We may not actually discuss these at the meeting if there are more pressing issues, but here's some info in case you're interested. --Hurtstotouchfire 09:50, 31 July 2011 (UTC)
- 27: Number of members in confirmed good standing
- 37: Number of members including those probably in good standing but they pay in large chunks or pay in cash to a board member or I forgot to deposit their checks (sorry Will)
- 47: Number of members including those mentioned above as well as members who are past due beyond our bookkeeping lag
- 57: Number of members on "hiatus" (exclusive of active members and former members who have officially abdicated)
Jan - May 2011 (June & July still have outstanding items to reconcile)
By Number of Members:
- Starving Dues: 25%
- Regular Dues: 73%
- Doing Well Dues: 2%
By Portion of Dues Income:
- Starving Dues: 16%
- Regular Dues: 80%
- Doing Well Dues: 4%
Profit & Loss Jan-May 2011 - Google doc showing a whole bunch of different income items and expenditures, over the last few months.
Membership Binder[edit]
- Read off any names from the binder for the past month. Write a check on every open application.
- Anyone up for joining this week (ie have four checks by their name + have two sponsors) should introduce themselves then leave the area in search of gifts (traditionally beer and a lime) for the rest of the group. The rest of the meeting should consense on whether they may join.
- Jonah: PRINCIPLES OF DOOCRACY AND EXCELLENCE. INSTEAD OF A PERPETUAL GUEST HE WOULD LIKE to be a responsible accountable dicks in ass contributing member
- part of our doocracy is part of the shelf which this dude slept on for a couple days
- he's the guy with that musical instrument
- crutcher will block the fuck out of that
- Taylor: learn and create something new
- Kyle: no last name.
- catherine: hardware hacking and fun and stuff
- Oliver wants to build a slurpee machine. Hurf durf
- George: fifth noun? Learn and make new friends.
Consensus items[edit]
(Add any new items for consensus to the Current Consensus Items page.)
Up for consensus this week:
"For a trial period of six months, Noisebridge should sponsor an official project to provide Tor nodes, and accept donations earmarked for that purpose. "
- Crutcher: I BLOCK
- Kelly: You're not in good standing.
- Crutcher: I asked if I was in good standing at the start of this meeting and you told me to wait.
- Kelly: oh I told you to wait.
- Crutcher: see previous re donations and paypal etc
- Leif: What are your concerns with this proposal?
- Crutcher: I do not think that we have sufficient legal coverage to be involved in providing official tor nodes.
- Kelly: we have the EFF.
- Crutcher: are the EFF our lawyers of record?
- Kelly: They are our pretty close buddies.
- Leif: To clarify what our legal situation with the EFF is --
- Crutcher: Why is it necessary for us to have this as a consensus item?
- Leif: I'll assume you've just heard about this. The reason why we're doing this as a Noisebridge official project is because members already run their own, but there is a perceived legal risk that the EFF has been trying to defuse for some time. What they've found is that a lot of people would support Tor nodes being run but don't want to run them themselves. There is no organization (certainly not a 501c3) in the US that provides this service. The EFF has not become our official legal counsel. They have said that in the unlikely event that there are any problems they will help us find counsel. They might be our counsel, but the EFF does not agree to take on cases before the case exists as a matter of policy.
- Crutcher: Why not do it as a separate 501c3?
- MCT: They're giving money to an organization that has some standing in the community.
- Crutcher: Why not separate 501c3?
- MCT: Starting up a 501c3 is a lot of work and people have already done that to make Noisebridge happen. This is all within Noisebridge's charter of hacking the planet.
- Crutcher: The reason it was such a hard time for us was that we wanted one that worked with our governance structure
- All: No, that wasn't the problem.
- Chris: Not that hard. I personally think this is bringing a tremendous amount of risk on us. I'd like a separate group so that if this gets attacked Noisebridge has some measure of protection.
- Kelly: Initially wanted that, but as she looked into it, it needs to be in our accounts to be under our 501c3.
- Chris: Why does it have to be under our 501c3?
- Kelly: Sure, if we wanted a totally separate organization then we could do that, but there's no "create a 501c3" under the Noisebridge umbrella.
- Leif: This project would pay Noisebridge, not the other way around. 5% of income to defray administrative overhead.
- Shelf guy: Policies for this? Huge amount of risk might not want to take.
- Leif: Point of this project is to persuade ... there have never been any ramifications for any Tor nodes in the United States. The US government funds the Tor project, is the largest funder and always has been. There are lots of private individuals and businesses who run Tor nodes. We're basically trying to do that but in a more public way.
- Shelf guy: Why is the government so interested in creating Tor ndoes?
- Leif: Started out as a naval project. If you have an anonymous network for law enforcement to use then everybody using it is law enforcement. Likewise dissidents. The Tor project has a very diverse user base that benefits all of its users.
- Kelly: The EFF is endorsing the project.
- Chris: define what we're providing?
- Kelly: We have a document on the wiki: Tor that describes this.
- Leif: What we're doing in a nutshell is accepting earmarked donations and using these donations to rent storage in a datacenter to operate Tor nodes and a group of people for responding to any abuse complaints that come to it. I've been involved in running this with a group of friends and most of the complaints are abuse of copyright complaints. We have a number of different letters for people running Tor nodes. We will send them.
- Kelly: We're accepting donations in order to provide it.
- Leif: One of the worst case legal scenarios is that police that don't understand that there are no logs seize the server.
- Chris: To understand: We as an organization want to provide an anonymizing service for internet traffic. As long as we're not storing anything whatsoever --
- Jason: Can you explain why $worst_case_scenario is bad?
- Leif: Worst and best case is that that happens. If that were to happen, the EFF would almost certainly defend us or find someone who would. We would be a test case and establish precedent.
- Crutcher: I am not convinced --
- Jason: I support this because Noisebridge is about global terrorism. Let's get on with the terrorism!
- Kelly:
- Shelf guy: $questions_about_drugs_and_cp and how would this affect our 501c3 status?
- Aestetix: rambling about 501c3 and politics and EFF and legal threats
- Shelf guy: To simplify it we're providing an anonymous onramp to the internet.
- Kelly: To clarify, the Tor project provides an anonymizing service for the internet. We will be providing nodes in the Tor project. If we do not provide these nodes, the anonymizing service still exists; we are just helping it. Established service, due diligence, not like we'd be designing this
- Leif: The organization that sponsors the software being written are themselves a 501c3 that is funded by a variety of sources including the US government.
- Shelf guy: Ten or 15 years ago there was an anonymizing thing in the Netherlands somewhere that got raided by the police. Is this replacing that technology?
- MCT: clarification
- John: Things on record about what tor actually does. It's multistep. Onion routing. More yada yada about random pedantic details of implementation
- Crutcher: The more --
- Kelly: Pause. Crutcher, d'you want to get [unintelligible]
- John: More rambling about nodes and databases and law enforcement
- Kelly: Ok so. What'd you want to talk about Crutcher?
- Crutcher: What he's saying is that if we get involved in any kind of exit or routing policy restrictions, the more involved we get, the greater liability attaches to us --
- John: Incorrect. If we discriminate on the basis of what kind of traffic --
- Kelly: Ok. So hang on, I feel like we have two tangents here.
- Shelf guy: Have they presented us with a written document?
- Kelly: They approached us and have our back. There is enormous community support for this software. This will probably be the single greatest income source Noisebridge has ever experienced.
- Shelf guy: Is it just us behind it?
- Kelly: There are thousands of people. People accept money in Europe. EFF wants an American 501c3 because their [unintelligible]
- Shelf guy: Can we get an American hacker group to go in on this with us?
- Kelly: No this is fine don't worry about it
- Shelf guy: Given OCD I'm comfortable. Concern would be cp etc
- Kelly: Deal with CP: CPers use Tor. FBI chasing CPers also use Tor.
- Crutcher: Are you willing to cripple the internet to stop CP?
- All: STFU crutcher
- Kelly: Focus discussion on addressing whatever are the blockable issues Crutcher is concerned about.
- Crutcher: I do not believe that Noisebridge with the way we make decisions is in a position to be the active policy provider for a service like this that is likely to see some legal action.
- Kelly: Have you read the document about this?
- Crutcher: No I haven't. Does the document say that it will bypass the consensus process and give some smaller group the ability to make decisions about this?
- Kelly: No, this is all of us.
- Crutcher: If we are in a situation where we are getting sued, we will not be in a position where we will be able to defend ourselves.
- Kelly: unintelligible
- Crutcher: I do not like that these core things that allow the organization to continue to exist will stop being the case if this something something
- Shelf guy: See where you're coming from. Mexican curse, very true: may you be involved in a lawsuit in which you know you are right. It would be a very, very bad thing for Noisebridge, it would take tremendous focus awawy from the rest of Noisebridge, and your proposition of limiting the ... to a more comfortable level would be more appropriate. Doing it with a clause that would not take a full consensus but a three-quarters majority --
- Kelly: we don't do that.
- Shelf guy: We may have to evolve.
- Chris: Quick thing. Looking at the wiki page we are acting merely as a financial funnel to these people. People who are not on our list who are administrating it --
- Kelly: People adminning are sitting here. They are members of the actual Noisebridge community --
- Crutcher: It depends on who we tell other people to give the money to.
- Kelly: Crutcher.
- Crutcher: I Would like either a private individual or a separate 501c3 that is not Noisebridge to be the organization that is renting the --
- Leif: Crutcher, are you saying that you are all right with Noisebridge being the umbrella if Noisebridge were to contract with some separate entity to do the thing? That's what we're doing. We're paying someon else.
- Crutcher: No one sues the datacenter provider. They go after the people who have that service.
- Leif: Are you suggesting a scenario that would be acceptable to you where Noisebridge would accept the donations and contract with someone else?
- Crutcher: I don't want Noisebridge to contract. I want Noisebridge to donate to a separate organization that is making the decision to run the node.
- Kelly: I want to put that on hold for a second and resolve the question.
- Chris: That clarified my question
- Jason: I have to say what is wrong with you people? Why do you think we have this 501c3? It is not to sit on our ass in this messy place and not do anything -- and I haven't been drinking -- it's to accomplish some things. And here we have an opportunity to accomplish some things. and we're choosing not to. And that is lame.
- Kelly: Crutcher is choosing not to.
- Jason: It means we all are. It means we suck.
- Kelly: I object to the idea that Crutcher can make me suck.
- Jason: We all suck. We are failing. I could go on and on about this --
- Kelly: This is glorious, but I wanna ask something something etc
- Crutcher: I don't understand why there's this feeling that establishing a new 501c3 is such a difficult thing. They can accept donations and spend money during their setup.
- John: 501c3 stuff
- Leif: We're specifically looking for a 501c3.
- Kelly: EFF feels an American 501c3 is the ideal situation for this.
- Crutcher: I'm not concerned about it doing us harm. If we get sued it'll be annoying. I don't think the way that we govern this community is the structure that I want behind that suit. I care about that suit, and we're a bunch of fucking clowns. If there's a lawsuit about this, I don't want us to be doing that.
- Kelly: What the EFF says is what we're going to do
- Crutcher: ...
- Jason: I have come here 3 weeks to see this passed. There's always a different person. You know what? You're gonna die some day, Crutcher. And all the shit you didn't do? You're gonna remember that shit.
- Kelly: [reading from Tor]
- Kelly: I felt very strongly that if this were sued, it would interfere with other Noisebridge functions. So if this project threatens Noisebridge or isn't doing what it's supposed to do or anything like this, management will be within this small group of individuals; consensus will not be required to terminate it. Consensus sufficient but not necessary. The understanding that we have is that the members of the project can suspend or terminate at any time and if the EFF told them, they would. Should this become an actually risky project, this needs to not be handled by the consensus process.
- Crutcher: Does the board of directors also have the power to shut this down?
- Leif: Legally yes. We have not said that.
- Crutcher: Can we put it in the writing?
- Kelly: De facto the project requires actually a subset of the board members in order to function. So effectively, yeah. What do you think about the idea of outside of the project intervention?
- Leif: I think that under California law, it's clear that the board could do that, but if we want to explicitly state that, do you have a...?
- Crutcher: There's a difference between what's law and what's policy.
- Leif: Yes. Having it stated would make it much more --
- Crutcher: How many board members do you think --
- Kelly: This is actually maybe slightly picky of me, but: do you want it to be a decision of the board, or should it be a Noisebridge officer?
- Crutcher: I would like it to be the board. A Noisebridge officer too, as a hair trigger, but also the board.
- Shelf guy: We should make this work. Why should we be like Rosa Parks and get up and move to the back of the bus?
- Kelly: I think that you could say that the de facto management of suspension and termination of this project is expected to be the Noisebridge project members, however under California law the board of directors etc etc. I would personally hope that the Noisebridge project people would do whatever's reasonable, and that they manage the day-to-day operations of anything going down, but should they fail, a decision of the board could -- [mct typing, i'm sure it'll show up somewhere]
- Kelly: Crutcher, what do you think?
- Aestetix: If you're bored, feel free to wander. We're in the deep legal crap, so
- Chris: I like the concept of the dead man's switch
- Crutcher: This says nothing about --
- Rabble: rabble rabble rabble
- Kelly: [reading from mct's laptop]
- Shelf guy: Can I ask a stupid question? We're not gonna do anything dumb like post on board saying "HEY CPers"
- Kelly: No we're not gonna do that
- Shelf guy: Okay, good.
- Some: This is an important project.
- Leif: We're concerned by legal threats by email. There have been totally baseless legal threats served by email.
- Kelly: Something something define litigation. Do you feel that that language is necessary or are there other ways to --
- Crutcher: On further consideration, I am comfortable with there being no statements on litigation in this consensus item. I don't want to force them into making certain legal decisions that they otherwise wouldn't have to.
- Kelly: Does the fact that the BoD has this power comfort you?
- Crutcher: Yes. Sure. I will consent to this. I really would like us to develop an organizational facility to spin off 501c3s as needed in the future.
- Kelly: As moderator, I'm going to say that I think it is the consensus of Noisebridge that: For a trial period of six months, Noisebridge should sponsor an official project to provide Tor nodes and accept donations earmarked for that purpose. I will also add that there should continue to be details added to the document on the wiki, that the current version will be marked, but if you are super-concerned, details will be added.
- Crutcher: And if it makes you feel better, I am a member in good standing now.
Discussion Items[edit]
- Crutcher: after 6 months on hiatus, you're fucked.
- Kelly: how was hiatus defined? How should it be?
- Chris: This may change the character of the space permanently
- Crutcher: people shouldn't be able to show up and block at random
- Kelly: People should expire solely due to lack of contact. If they disappear then they're fucked.
- Crutcher: we don't have to make them a non-member. We can just call them "inactive".
- NEXT WEEK: revising our accounting system. those who don't know: our accounting system "unpredictably" drops line items from paypal. it's a known problem that they're not planning to fix. WE SHOULD HAVE ANOTHER ONE
- Zero. Current system. Pretty poorly made. Takes forever to reconcile. Migrate to a system that doesn't require five to ten hours of work every single week (which is what we're at about now (I've spent fifteen hours reconciling or so over the past three days to catch us up)) so next week we should talk about a replacement. NEW ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
- REALISTICALLY, kelly is probably the more diligent option as far as treasurer goes. we should maybe make the position a little more reasonable to do in general for less-OCD people.
- FUTURE TREASURER FLAMEBAIT: paypal are fuckers. we should not use them anymore. whoever really loves paypal tell her about it.
- JASON: nobody really loves paypal. they stopped those wikileaks bastards.
- Kelly: grand loyalty of hacker community as embodied by resistance to not using paypal
- Jason: leveraged options on gold
End of Meeting[edit]
- PGP Key Signing could happen now, check the list to see who wants in on the action.
- Put back the membership binder in the black desk.
- Save the meeting notes to the wiki.
- Send a copy of the meeting notes to the discussion list.
- Copy the Meeting Notes Template for next week's agenda and update the main wiki page's link to it.
- Enjoy a cocktail with your fellow hacker or robot.


text:
Part# RAM-B-138-GA8U
Simply choose your preferred mounting location and the possibilities become endless with the Garmin Rino Flat Surface Mount. Rubber ball and socket technology allows for almost infinite adjustment and perfect viewing angles. High quality materials insure your Garmin Rino is safe, secure, and within easy reach. RAM's patented design also dampens shock and vibration helping to extend the life of your mobile device.
RAM® Yoke Clamp Base with Ball
RAM® Handlebar U-Bolt Base for Rails 0.5" to 1.25" in Diameter
RAM® Motorcycle Brake/Clutch Reservoir Ball Base
RAM® Strap Hose Clamp Ball Base
RAM® Twist-Lock™ Suction Cup Base with Ball
RAM® Motorcycle Handlebar Clamp Base with M8 Bolts
RAM® Torque™ Large Rail Base
RAM® ATV/UTV Ball Base for Rails up to 3.15" in Diameter
RAM® Diamond Ball Base
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subset: commoncrawl


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William Drayton
As a student, he founded organizations ranging from Yale Legislative Services to Harvard's Ashoka Table, an inter-disciplinary weekly forum in the social sciences. He launched Ashoka in 1981. He used the stipend received when elected a MacArthur Fellow in 1984 to devote himself fully to Ashoka. In 2005, he was selected one of America's Best Leaders by US News & World Report and Harvard's Center for Public Leadership. Other awards include the Yale Law School's highest alumni honor, the National Wildlife Federation's Conservation Achievement Award International; and the National Academy of Public Administration National Public Service Award. As one of three members of the Leadership Team, his special responsibilities are leadership of the new group entrepreneurship and social financial services programs as well as staff search and marketing functions.


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Defeated by 5,637 votes, Foley mounts statewide vote review
HARTFORD -- Connecticut came closer to finally getting a governor-elect on Friday when Democrat Dan Malloy, of Stamford, emerged with a 5,637-vote plurality over Republican Tom Foley, of Greenwich.
But Republican activists and lawyers visited every town and city hall in the state Friday, presenting extensive Freedom of Information Act requests for voting data. Foley said he would take at least a couple of more days to review election returns before deciding whether to accept defeat or challenge the results in Superior Court.
Secretary of the State Susan Bysiewicz, under criticism for releasing unofficial vote totals and proclaiming Malloy and running mate Nancy Wyman the apparent winners on Wednesday, announced final returns Friday night after they changed again slightly during the day.
By 6 p.m., Malloy had 566,498 votes and Foley and running mate Mark Boughton, the Danbury mayor, finished with 560,861.
Bysiewicz abruptly bailed out of a scheduled early evening news conference, leaving Av Harris, her spokesman, to tell reporters the totals could still change slightly over the next few days.
"One of the normal things about turning in election results is you have several towns that turn in amended returns that show small fluctuations," Harris said. "That is why they give you until the end of the month to certify the results, because there could be changes like that."
Malloy's margin is well above the 2,000-vote threshold that triggers a recount.
The date for Bysiewicz and other state officials to officially certify the election results is Nov. 25, but state statutes indicate Foley has until Nov. 22 -- two weeks after the election -- to file a challenge.
Malloy, who would be the first Democratic governor since William A. O'Neill left office in January 1991, stayed in the background Friday, resting a sore throat at his home in Stamford, the city where he was mayor for 14 years.
"It's good news," Roy Occhiogrosso, Malloy's campaign adviser, said of the vote totals Friday night. "We've been saying since early Wednesday morning that Dan and Nancy won this election."
The inauguration date for governor coincides with the start of the next legislative session, on Jan. 5.
Foley, a multimillionaire private investor from Greenwich seeking his first elective office, told reporters in Hartford that he wouldn't concede until he, his lawyers and state Republican leaders were satisfied that they lost, fair and square.
"We're going to take whatever time it takes to get there," he said. "It may take a recount to get that certainty. Right now I'm not confident with the results."
Foley said he was prepared to accept defeat, but stressed that the more than half-million people who voted for him deserve a full accounting of where all the votes went.
At the same time, Republicans from throughout the state were filing Freedom of Information Act requests at the state's 169 town and city halls to further review vote totals.
"We are merely collecting voting information from Election Day from people who keep it on file," said Republican State Central Committee Chairman Chris Healy, adding that party activists, volunteers and local GOP town committee members were working in concert with Foley's team.
"It's Tom Foley's call," Healy said Friday afternoon. "We're just trying to support him and get enough information for him to make a reasonable decision."
Republicans lost all the high-profile races in the state, from U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of Representatives, to constitutional officers including attorney general, comptroller, secretary of the state and treasurer. Foley represents the last chance for a high-profile GOP victory.
"I'm ready to go completely to the end of hell on this," a frustrated Healy said in a phone interview.
Foley, in an interview early Friday evening, said that the GOP volunteers got cooperation from municipal officials throughout the state, except for the voter registrars in Bridgeport. Officials there closed the office and went home after an all-nighter culminating in Mayor Bill Finch's dawn pronouncement that Malloy had won the city, and thus, the state.
The disclosure that a bag of ballots in McLevy Hall in Bridgeport remained uncounted Thursday evening had plunged the already chaotic governor's election into further confusion. Even before then, the Bridgeport count had been delayed, in large measure because a shortage of ballots on Election Day required hand-counting of ballots.
When they were finally released, the Bridgeport numbers were instrumental in Malloy's victory. The Democrat received 17,973 votes to 4,099 for Foley.
Asked whether he was seeking advice from outside the state, Foley said his campaign has had legal assistance from Washington, D.C., throughout this election campaign, but he wouldn't ratchet up his legal team until he was convinced he was within realistic distance of a recount.
"We haven't gotten there yet," Foley said.
Fred DeCaro III, Greenwich's Republican registrar of voters, confirmed that he received a FOIA request from Republican political operatives at 12:20 p.m. Friday. "It asks for everything," DeCaro said.
Covered in the request are ballot logs, lists of inactive voters, moderators' memos, tally sheets, official checklists, absentee ballot request lists, the number of rejected absentee ballots and the number of spoiled ballots.
DeCaro said the request came from Elizabeth Kurantowicz, the chief of staff for the state GOP.
"We're making the materials available for inspection (but) we're not photocopying everything," said DeCaro, who indicated that the materials will be ready at 8 a.m. on Monday.
Healy said that the state party's plan is to collect the raw data and bring it to the GOP headquarters in Hartford for evaluation.
Among the items that Republicans are requesting is the list of all election officials at each polling location including, but not limited to, the moderator, registrars, assistant registrars, ballot clerks, official checkers, tabulator tenders, demonstrators, challengers, absentee ballot counters, unofficial checkers and runners.
Occhiogrosso, Malloy's top aide, said Malloy, who lost the 2006 Democratic gubernatorial primary, knows what Foley is going through.
"I would say that we appreciate and respect his perspective," he said. "Only Mr. Foley can decide what the right thing to do is. Dan and Nancy are squarely focused on the transition, on what will happen when they take office. On Jan. 5, they want to hit the ground running."
During his morning news conference, Foley was asked if he was prepared to lose.
"Yes, of course," he said, laughing slightly. "You wouldn't get into politics if you ... hadn't thought through and prepared yourself for not succeeding."
Staff Writers Timothy Loh and Brittany Lyte contributed to this story.


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Israel's international weapons sales reach $7.47 billion
In the competition to market weapons internationally, Israel ranks among the world's top exporters.
In 2012, Israeli defense exports soared to a record of $7.47 billion, making it the world's sixth-largest exporter of arms. The 30% increase in global arms sales—compared with 2011 levels—positions Israel's total weapons exports behind the U.S., U.K., Russia, China and Germany and ahead of France and Italy.
"I wouldn't speculate on our exact position," said Shmaya Avieli, head of Israel's defense exports agency Sibat, "but I could safely say that we're well among the top 10 exporters."
The figures represent the total of defense contracts signed in 2012 by all Israeli defense and security companies.
Countries in Asia continue to be the Israeli defense industries' leading market with 50% of sales, or $3.7 billion, concentrated there. India is the leading customer. Sales to Europe have increased dramatically, to $1.6 billion, as the result of a $1 billion offset contract signed with Italy. In return for Israeli procurement of Aermacchi's M-346 advanced jet trainer, Italy committed to buy two Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI)/Gulfstream G550 Special Electronic Missions Aircraft (SEMA), as well as IAI's optical reconnaissance satellite. In early 2012, Germany also signed a contract to buy additional Rafael Spike anti-tank missiles, totaling several hundred million dollars.
Missile technology and air defense systems represent 25% of Israel's overseas sales. IAI's Barak-8 naval air and missile defense system continues to generate revenues through an ongoing $1.4 billion contract with India. Israel has refused to confirm reports that the long-range naval missile was also sold to Azerbaijan, in a contract estimated at $800-900 million.
Surprisingly, Israel's Iron Dome counter-rocket system, which scored remarkable results during recent conflicts between Israel and Gaza, has not yet translated combat success into sales. Despite intensive marketing efforts by Rafael to South Korea and India, neither country has selected the system, although South Korea did acquire the Iron Dome's multi-mission radar (MMR) for rocket detection and warning. The Iron Dome system has reportedly been sold to Singapore, but Israel maintains a veil of secrecy on all defense contracts with the Asian city-state.
The third-largest market for Israel is the U.S. and Canada, with $1.19 billion sales in 2012. Attempts by scores of Israeli companies to close significant security contracts in Brazil before the upcoming soccer World Cup and Olympics achieved little success. Overall sales to Latin America totaled $604 billion.
The area in which Israel is considered a pioneer—UAV technology—constitutes only 3% of the country's total defense exports. Yet, says Brig. Gen. Eitan Eshel, head of defense research and development, "we are still second only to the U.S. in that field."
With the local defense market too small to sustain its industries or to maintain reasonable costs for products, Israeli industry sells 75% of its production abroad. Israel is tightening the monitoring of export licenses, but the defense ministry is constantly striving to declassify indigenous technologies and enable their export to reduce costs for the Israel Defense Force. The defense ministry also has 22 missions across the globe working to promote Israeli industries.
"We were able to increase sales in 2012 despite the global recession," said Avieli. "Halfway through 2013 we're already at almost $4 billion in sales, so I hope we could repeat the achievement this year, if not even enlarge it."


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BIRMINGHAM, Ala.—Senior Blaise White led the way with a career-high 25 points to help the Birmingham-Southern men's basketball team defeat Sewanee, 88-80, Friday evening in Bill Battle Coliseum.
The Panthers move to 8-3 overall and 2-0 in the Southern Athletic Association, while the Tigers fall to 5-3 overall and 0-2 in the SAA.
The first half was close the whole way, with neither team leading by more than four, and the teams playing to five ties. Sewanee held a one-point 32-31 lead at halftime.
BSC opened the second half on a 10-0 tear and would never relinquish the lead, going up by 14, 55-41, by the 13:44 mark. Sewanee was able to cut it to eight, 60-52, with 9:33 left, but the Panthers kept scoring and led by as much as 15, 77-62, with 3:57 left in the game. The Tigers cut it to eight four more times, including at the final buzzer, but that was as close as they would come for the duration of the game.
White's 25 points led all players; he shot 6-12 from the field, including 4-9 from three-point range, and was 9-10 at the free throw line. Sophomore Larry Thomas also recorded 16 points, senior Zac Richards had 14, and senior Kevin Kegarise had 12. Richards also led with seven rebounds, three assists, and two steals.
Valentino Bryant and Tyler Brown led Sewanee off the bench with 15 points apiece, followed by Lewis Affronti with 14 and Brett Bouldin with 13. Brown also led with eight rebounds.
The Panthers shot efficiently, hitting 19-37 (.514) overall, 10-22 (.455) from three-point range, and 40-50 (.800) at the free throw line. The Tigers hit 31-67 (.463) from the field, 5-25 (.200) from beyond the arc, and 13-21 (.619) from the line.
BSC out-rebounded Sewanee 35-30 but also doubled the Tigers' turnovers with 16.
The Panthers are at home again on Sunday, facing Centre College at 3 p.m. in Bill Battle Coliseum.


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Yeah, the usual, avatar challenges specifically relating to the T20 WC.
I'll put my avatar on the line on England reaching the semis. I'm nothing if I'm not optimistic
Yeah, the usual, avatar challenges specifically relating to the T20 WC.
I'll put my avatar on the line on England reaching the semis. I'm nothing if I'm not optimistic
Originally Posted by Axl Rose
RIP Craigos. A true CW legend. You will be missed.
I won't take yours, but I'll put up a challenge of my own.
The Netherlands will play against England and Pakistan, and my bet is that they will win or nearly win at least one of those two matches. Specifically, I'll change my avatar to that of the taker's choice if the Dutch fail to do at least one of the following in at least one of the two matches:
- win
- tie (after 20, so if they then get thrashed in the super over I still win the bet)
- lose because the opposition reached the target in the 20th over (or equivalent final over in case of shortened match)
- lose by 1 or 2 wickets
- lose by 5 or less runs (straight score or D/L)
A rain draw is not a cop out for me, I will lose the bet if they get soundly beaten once and get a rain draw in the other.
Any takers?
President of RTDAS - Ryan ten Doeschate - The Freddie Flintoff of Associate Cricket
Member of DNAS, ESAS - Dirk Nannes, Edgar Schiferli. Dutchmen can bowl.
Originally Posted by Pedro DelgadoOriginally Posted by Matt79
Reckon it's about time I changed my avatar. Willing to change it to whatever anyone chooses if Australia don't make the semis in either the men's or women's comp.
Avatar challenge anyone?
Australia won't make it to the final (that is, grand final).
Any takers? 2 weeks?
Inappropriate signature.
1. I have multiple accounts?
2. I will inevitably be banned
when I have not so far transgressed any rules of the forum, nor I have engaged in any trolling, slandering, discussion of illegal activities or deliberately abusing other members etc.
You are welcome to quote any posts which I have made which you think have done that. Once and for all, I wish to put an end to this baseless allegation.
Yuvraj Singh will hit more than 20 sixes. Who takes this challenge?
I'll accept the bet with martin88 but if he is Precamb I'll reissue the challenge
There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests)


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Who We Are
The Anglican Pacifist Fellowship is a body of people within the Anglican Communion who reject war as a means of solving international disputes, and believe that peace and justice should be sought through non-violent means.
Central to Jesus' teaching is the message of love, for God, our neighbour and even our enemies. We are to do good to those who hate us, and not respond to violence with violence.
The urgency of this message is all the greater in today's world, with its weapons of mass destruction, its flourishing arms trade, and its intractable conflicts. Violent means fail to bring lasting solutions, and humanity itself is increasingly at risk of extinction.
We believe …
- that Jesus' teaching is incompatible with the waging of war.
- that a Christian church should never support or justify war.
- that our Christian witness should include opposing the waging or justifying of war.
The APF is a registered charity no. 209610
What We Do
Peacemaking in a world of turmoil.
People who help others to work for peace in times of war.
Anglicans praying for peace and supporting peacemakers.
And by publishing resources, educating and assisting others to break the levers of violence.


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Authors of nostalgic books about �the good old days� seem to spend inordinate amounts of time on the smells of their childhoods � chestnuts roasting on an open fire, Thanksgiving turkey fresh from the oven, autumn leaves wafting soft acrid smoke, that kind of stuff.
Me, I remember less romantic odors. Men on farms, for example, dog-tired from long and sweaty hours of hard labor, coming in for supper (dinner came at noon), their overalls reeking of barn chores and the forced intimacy with animals and their waste.
Hot showers were yet to be invented. The same for deodorants. The Saturday-night-bath routine was still a mainstay of rural life, and as the name suggests, it was a weekly ritual at best. Women at home, for all their lace hankies and use of Evening in Paris and other welcome scents, often found themselves dirty from shoveling coal into the furnace down cellar to keep the home fires stoked while the menfolk toiled outside. No electric washing machines, refrigerators or microwaves to make things easier, and certainly no air conditioning.
For those who owned automobiles, a bare majority of the families in our part of town, there was a constant battle with grease. Even the more pricey cars (what, $500?) broke down frequently, requiring their owners to �get out and get under� their flivvers to make necessary repairs. Changing flat tires was an ongoing and exasperating exercise, resulting in grimy faces and bodies for drivers and passengers. The smell of grease was everywhere.
In the little coastal Maine town where we lived during the Great Depression, a sizeable number of men made a few dollars digging clams at low tide and selling them to tourists. This was during Prohibition, and some of the more enterprising hit upon the idea of making �home brew� and pouring the beer on their clams. They called their product �soused clams,� and until the authorities clamped down on the practice, those clams were the seafood of choice for visitors from out-of-state and even among the native population.
It was Maine, by the way, that delivered the final vote to repeal the Volstead Act and allow the nation to drink alcohol lawfully again. The clams are noteworthy because they combined to make a somewhat-unpleasant smell I still identify with my boyhood. The mollusks had an odor of their own, but even more the clam flats, as we called the muddy shoreline where the ocean receded to reveal their presence. Clam diggers wore high rubber boots that had to be hosed down back home before another use, along with the rake and hod employed in the harvesting and transportation process. For those who �soused� them, the making of homemade beer added still another strange olfactory ingredient.
I can�t leave this subject without at least passing reference to the institution of the outhouse, easily the most offensive air-pollutant of them all. Just as the shower had yet to show up in those days, so had the flush toilet. Our two-holer structure was a good 30 yards behind the house, making its use an adventure, especially in those cold Maine winters of yore. That�s where we often thumbed through the Sears Roebuck catalog, whose pages served a double purpose.
So beware of all those sentimentalists who wax so poetically about the �good old days.� The fact is, they stunk.
Reach Sid McKeen at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Here's a quick look at some of the major dates associated with the disappearance of Stacy Peterson, the Bolingbrook mother missing since Oct. 28, and the investigation into the 2004 death of Kathleen Savio, Drew Peterson's third wife.
Here's a quick look at some of the major dates associated with the disappearance of Stacy Peterson, the Bolingbrook mother missing since Oct. 28, and the investigation into the 2004 death of Kathleen Savio, Drew Peterson's third wife.
1974 - Drew Peterson marries his high school sweetheart Carol Hamilton, now Carol Brown, two years after his graduation from Willowbrook High School.
1980 - Drew and Hamilton divorce. They have two sons, Eric and Stephen. Brown later tells Diane Sawyer of "Good Morning America" she did not notice controlling behavior in Drew but that they grew apart when she learned of his extramarital affairs.
December 1983 - Toddler Jessica Cales, the youngest child of Christie and Anthony Cales, dies in a Downers Grove house fire.
January 20, 1984 - Christie and Anthony Cales have their third child, Stacy.
October 1987 -Stacy's younger sister, Lacy, dies of sudden infant death syndrome. Reports say the girls' mother begins showing erratic behavior.
1982 - Drew Peterson, 28, marries 23-year-old Victoria Rutkiewicz, now Vicki Connolly.
1992 - Drew and Connolly divorce after she learns of extramarital affairs. By this time, Drew is dating Kathleen Savio. Peterson, 38, and Savio, 28, marry later that year.
March 1998 - Christie Marie Toutges Cales disappears.
2001 - Drew Peterson, 47, meets 17-year-old Stacy Cales, a front desk clerk at a Bolingbrook hotel. The two begin dating despite Peterson's marriage to Kathleen Savio.
Nov. 14, 2002 - In the midst of a bitter divorce, Savio sends a letter to Will County Assistant State's Attorney Elizabeth Fragale expressing fears that her estranged husband may kill her. By the time the letter was sent, Bolingbrook police had responded to 10 service calls regarding Drew and Savio. Police would respond to eight more calls before Drew and Cales marry in October 2003. Many of the calls involved child custody complaints while others alleged battery of Drew or Cales by Savio and vice versa.
July 2003 - Stacy gives birth to her first child, Anthony.
Oct. 10 - After months of legal disputes, Drew and Savio divorce. Issues remain unresolved with regard to the distribution of marital assets. Savio retains custody of their two children, Thomas and Kristopher, who spend weekends with their father.
October 2003 - Drew, 49, and Stacy, 19, marry.
Drew's timeline for last weekend of February 2004 (As published in "Drew Peterson Exposed," by Derek Armstrong)
Feb. 27 - Drew picks up Tom and Kris from Savio's home. He spends the rest of the night at home with Stacy and his children.
Feb. 28 - Drew spends the day at home with his family, including his adult son Stephen.
Feb. 29 - Drew, Stacy and the children go to the Shedd Aquarium before attempting to return Tom and Kris at about 8 p.m. Savio does not answer the door or her phone.
March 1 - Drew calls and leaves messages for Savio throughout the day but does not get a response. He goes to work at 5 p.m. and goes to Savio's house at 7 p.m. He summons Savio's neighbors, Mary Ponterelli and Steve Carcerano, and a locksmith to gain entry to Savio's home. Ponterelli and Carcerano enter the home while Peterson waits outside. Peterson runs into the house when he hears the neighbors scream.
March 1, 2004 - Savio's body is found in an empty bathtub in her home. Bolingbrook police respond to the scene but eventually call Illinois State Police to investigate her death. Final financial arrangements regarding the division of martial assets between Peterson and Savio, 40, are still unresolved. Savio's family members said the issue was supposed to come up again in about a month.
Mid-March, 2004 - Peterson produces a hand-written will dated March 2, 1997, signed by himself and Savio. In the will, each leaves all their assets to each other. The will's validity is later called into question after reports that Savio's divorce attorney said his client had told him she did not have a will.
March 20, 2004 - Dr. Bryan Mitchell, with the Will County coroner's office, releases an autopsy report, saying the cause of Savio's death was accidental drowning. Mitchell notes that Savio's hair was soaked with blood from an inch-long laceration on her scalp, her tongue was partially clenched between her teeth, and she had several small abrasions on her body.
May 7, 2004 - A six-person coroner's jury rules the manner of Savio's death an accident. While testifying at the hearing, an Illinois State Police agent tells the jury that investigators found no reason to suspect a homicide. Savio's family also testifies, telling the jury that Savio feared her ex-husband, who now stood to financially benefit from Savio's death. No charges were filed in the case.
April 2004 - Sharon and Bob Bychowski move into their new home at 5 Pheasant Chase Court. Sharon makes quick friends with her new next-door neighbor, Stacy.
January 2005 - Stacy and Drew have their second child together, Lacy.
September 2006 - Stacy's half-sister, Tina Ryan, dies of colon cancer at the age of 31. Family members say Stacy was devastated by the death. Drew says his wife hit a period of depression after the death and their marriage began to get rocky.
Mid-October 2007 - Stacy's aunt, Candace Aikin, of El Monte, Calif., visits her niece for the last time. Although Stacy had previously mentioned a desire to leave her marriage, according to Aikin, Stacy was seriously considering the option during Aikin's visit.
Oct. 26, 2007 - Stacy tells her husband she wants a divorce and tells family she fears for her life, according to family members.
Oct. 27 - Cassandra Cales leaves Stacy Peterson's home at about 11:30 p.m. with plans to meet at 10 a.m. the next morning to paint a house.
Oct. 28 - 23-year-old Stacy Peterson disappears
Drew's timeline for Oct. 28 (As published in "Drew Peterson Exposed," by Derek Armstrong)
5:30-6 a.m. - Drew returns home from his night shift. Before he goes to bed, Stacy tells him she is going to visit her grandfather in the morning.
10-11 a.m. - The children wake Drew up and he notices that Stacy is not home.
Noon-1 p.m. - Drew home with children.
1-1:30 p.m. - Drew runs Sunday errands while Tom and Kris watch Anthony and Lacy.
2 p.m. - Drew calls in to request the night off because he has accumulated sick time he could use before his December retirement.
3:15 p.m. - Tom's school friends pick him for a band concert.
6 p.m. - Drew takes the three other children to McDonald's.
7: 30 p.m. - Drew and the children return home.
8 p.m. - Tom returns from band concert.
9 p.m. - Drew is at home when he receives a call from Stacy informing him she is leaving with another man.
9:15 p.m. - Drew leaves to go look for Stacy.
11-11:30 p.m. - Drew returns home as Cassandra Cales calls him looking for her sister. Drew tells her Stacy had left him and took clothes, money and her passport.
11:45 p.m. - Drew walks to the airport to drive Stacy's car back home.
Midnight - Drew goes to bed.
2:30 a.m. - Bolingbrook police call Drew to inform him that Cassandra Cales has filed a missing persons report for Stacy.
Oct. 28 timeline established through accounts by Stacy's friends and family.
9:40 a.m. - Peterson neighbor Sharon Bychowski leaves her home to go to the grocery store and notes seeing both of the Petersons' vehicles in their driveway.
10:15 a.m. - A friend calls Stacy Peterson about painting the house that day. Peterson, still in bed, says she will meet to paint the house later.
11:55 a.m. - Bychowski returns from the grocery store and says she saw only one of the vehicles in the Peterson driveway. Bychowski calls next door to see if the Peterson children want to come over for suckers. She asks for Stacy when one of the children answers the phone and Drew Peterson tells her his wife went to visit her grandfather.
1 p.m. - Drew Peterson brings the children over to Bychowski's home and tells her he has an errand to run. He returns in about 15 minutes. He later calls the Bolingbrook Police Department to request the day off, according to Lt. Ken Teppel. His shift was scheduled to begin at 5 p.m. By mid-afternoon, Bychowski and Cales have tried reaching Stacy Peterson. The calls went straight to voice mail, which was unusual, Bychowski said, because Peterson always left her phone on.
9 p.m. - Drew Peterson says Stacy called him to tell him she was leaving him for another man.
11 p.m. - Cales goes to Peterson's home and does not see either vehicle in the driveway. One of Peterson's children opens the door and tells Cales he is home alone with his three siblings and that Stacy and Drew had gotten into a fight. He said Stacy Peterson had left the house and Drew went out to look for her.
11:15 p.m. - Cales calls Drew Peterson and asks for Stacy. Cales hears shuffling and keys going into the ignition. Peterson tells Cales he's at home and had been out looking for his wife.
11:45 p.m. - Cales goes to the Downers Grove Police Department to file a missing person report. The police tell her she has to file the report in Bolingbrook.
Oct. 29
1 a.m. - Cales goes to the Bolingbrook Police Department to file a missing persons report.
2:30 a.m. - Cales returns to Peterson's home and sees both cars in the driveway. Cales' friend calls Drew Peterson and asks him where Stacy is at. Peterson said his wife left him, took money and left her car at Clow International Airport.
3-4 a.m. - Cales files a missing persons report with Illinois State Police.
Oct. 29 Cassandra files a missing persons report with Illinois State Police early in the morning after attempting to reach her sister the day before. Later, Illinois State Police interview Drew regarding his wife's disappearance. They ask to look at both of his vehicles. He allows access to the GMC Denali but not the Pontiac Grand Prix. The massive search for any evidence of Stacy's whereabouts begins.
Oct. 30 - Drew visits his stepbrother, Tom Morphey, in the hospital after an apparent suicide attempt. Reports later indicate that Morphey confessed to a friend he believed he had helped Drew dispose of Stacy's body the night she disappeared. The friend, Walter Martineck, said Morphey came to his home shortly after the alleged incident and was distraught. Morphey, according to Martineck, said Drew called him over to his house Oct. 28 and the two carried a large container from the bedroom to Drew's sport utility vehicle. Morphey told Martineck he believed Stacy's body may have been in the container because it weighed about the same as the young woman and was warm to the touch.
Nov. 1 - Police execute a search warrant on Drew's home. The warrant allows police to search Drew's home and the family's two vehicles. Drew reports that computers and his firearms were seized. Authorities announce they are looking into the 2004 records of Savio's death.
Nov. 7 - Drew appears before a Will County grand jury and exercises his 5th Amendment right.
Nov. 9 - State police, for the first time, label Drew a suspect in Stacy's disappearance. A judge orders the exhumation of Savio's body from Queen of Heaven Cemetery in Hillside. The exhumation petition states that the one-inch gash on the back of Savio's head would not have been enough to render her unconscious and cause her to drown. The petition also questions the blood pattern in the tub, arguing that it was not consistent with water slowly draining from the tub the way investigators in 2004 assumed it had. Will County State's Attorney James Glasgow publicly states that crime scene evidence of Savio's death appears to show her death may have been staged to look like an accident. Glasgow was not in office at the time of her death. Bolingbrook police also announce that they have suspended Drew without pay, pending an unrelated internal-affairs investigation.
Nov. 12 - Drew hands in his letter of resignation to the Bolingbrook Police Department, just shy of his 30th anniversary with the department, and one day before he was supposed to meet with internal-affairs investigators. Originally, then-Bolingbrook Police Chief Ray McGury refused to accept the resignation and filed a complaint against Drew with the Fire and Police Commission, alleging serious job-related violations. The commission later says it has no choice but to accept the resignation, leaving Drew out of the commission's jurisdiction regarding the internal investigation. Drew retires with more than $72,000 annually in pension benefits.
Nov. 13 - Savio's body is exhumed. Later, two forensic pathologists, one at the request of Savio's family and one on behalf of Will County, perform separate autopsies.
Nov. 16 - Dr. Michael Baden, former chief medical examiner of New York City, who performed an autopsy on Kathleen Savio's exhumed body at the request of her family, tells Fox News host Greta Van Susteren he believes Savio's death was a homicide.
Dec. 10 - Planfield minister Rev. Neil Schori tells Fox's Greta Van Susteren that Stacy told him in August that her husband admitted to killing Savio. Schori had been counseling Stacy prior to her disappearance. Schori says he waited until after Stacy's disappearance to go to police because Stacy was afraid for her safety and requested the conversation stay private.
Dec. 17 - A Will County judge denies part of Drew Peterson's request to have property seized by police during searches returned to him. The judge allows Peterson to regain possession of music CDs, an iPod and other items but says other property, such as two vehicles and 11 guns must remain with the state for now.
Jan. 21, 2008 - Stacy Peterson's 24th birthday is celebrated by friends and family at a Bolingbrook church.
Jan. 31 - Savio's siblings, Anna Doman and Henry Martin Savio, file a petition to reopen Savio's estate and to have James Carroll, Drew's uncle, removed as executor of the estate. Two other family members later file a similar petition.
Feb. 21 - Dr. Larry Blum, an independent pathologist who performed the other autopsy on Savio, rules her death a homicide.
March 28 - Volunteers renew their search for Stacy Peterson after being forced to halt them over the winter.
April 17 - A Will County judge grants a request by Savio's family to have her estate reopened in preparation for a possible wrongful death lawsuit against Drew. The judge removes James Carroll as executor of the estate and names Savio's father and sister executors of any new assets that enter the estate.
April 30 - Drew announces he is offering a $25,000 reward for information leading to the safe return of his wife.
May 21 - Drew is arrested for possession of an illegal weapon. The charge alleges that Drew owned an AR-15 assault rifle that was too short under state law. The state later adds an additional felony charge, alleging that Drew illegally transferred the weapon to his son, Stephen, an Oak Brook police officer. Drew's attorney, Joel Brodsky, says the weapon was Drew's secondary duty weapon for his service on the swat team and therefore exempt from state gun laws.
July 14 - Drew pleads not guilty to two felony weapons violations.
July 21 - Two of Drew's former friends, Len Wawczak and Paula Stark, publicly state they wore police-issued wired taps for months to secretly record private conversations with Drew. Wawczak and Stark claim the content of the recorded conversations contains damaging information about Drew. Brodsky and Drew dismiss the allegations as a money-making scheme.
Sept. 19 - A Will County judge confirms that Drew was under surveillance but does not indicate what type of surveillance occurred or how long it lasted.
Oct. 1 - Results of two lie detector tests are published in a book. Test indicates Drew showed deception when answering three questions regarding his wife's disappearance. Peterson did not show deception when he said he had not harmed his wife and did not have any involvement in his ex-wife's death.
~ Compiled by staff at Suburban Life Publications


text:
Finance & Development, June 1979
- Fund activity: Moves toward orderly world economic growth; new guidelines issued on Fund conditionality; Interim Committee requests Executive Board to study the proposal for a substitution account; Fund transactions; supplementary financing facility now in effect
- Bank activity: Irrigation project in Bangladesh produces higher yields; Bank using remote sensing data from satellites in development work; water supply and sewerage in Northeast Brazil; Sudan gets assistance for highway: Bank and IDA loans and credits
- Prospects for oil and gas production in the developing world: An assessment of the financial and technical needs of the developing countries in this field in the face of increasing costs of energy imports
- The structure of the Fund: The functions and interrelationships of various Fund organs are discussed in the light of changes made under the Second Amendment of the Articles of Agreement
- The World Bank and the world's poorest-VI: The sixth article in a continuing series that explains how the Bank is responding to the challenge of finding ways to reduce poverty in member countries
- Education lending for the poor: How education programs designed to reach the poor and to involve them in the development process can be and have been effective
- The economic dimensions of malnutrition in young children: The magnitude of malnutrition in children of the developing world and ways of approaching the problem with specific intervention programs are discussed
- Potential and actual output in industrial countries: A report on a study of the level of potential output and the amount of economic slack in manufacturing in seven industrial countries
- The three tiers of "basic needs" for rural development: A discussion of some of the issues before the upcoming World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development
- Extraordinary inflation the Argentine experience: An analysis of the economy between 1963 and 1976 examines the role of two main factors affecting inflation: the budget deficit and, surprisingly, government price controls
- The liquidity of the International Monetary Fund: An explanation of the relationship between the demands that might be made on the Fund's resources and the means at its disposal to meet them
- Review article: Multinationals revisited
- Book notices
Bank activity: Irrigation project in Bangladesh produces higher yields; Bank using remote sensing data from satellites in development work; water supply and sewerage in Northeast Brazil; Sudan gets assistance for highway: Bank and IDA loans and credits
- International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
- Published Date:
- June 1979
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text:
Proprioception ( ), from brain integrates information from proprioception and from the vestibular system into its overall sense of body position, movement, and acceleration. The word kinesthesia or kinæsthesia (kinesthetic sense) has been used inconsistently to refer either to proprioception alone or to the brain's integration of proprioceptive and vestibular inputs.
History of study
The position-movement sensation was originally described in 1557 by Julius Caesar Scaliger as a "sense of locomotion".[2] Much later, in 1826, Charles Bell expounded the idea of a "muscle sense",[3] which is credited as one of the first descriptions of physiologic feedback mechanisms.[4] Bell's idea was that commands are carried from the brain to the muscles, and that reports on the muscle's condition would be sent in the reverse direction. Later, in 1880, Henry Charlton Bastian suggested "kinaesthesia" instead of "muscle sense" on the basis that some of the afferent information (back to the brain) comes from other structures, including tendons, joints, and skin.[5] In 1889, Alfred Goldscheider suggested a classification of kinaesthesia into three types: muscle, tendon, and articular sensitivity.[6]
In 1906, muscle spindles and Pacinian corpuscles). Muscle spindles are widely believed to play a large role in proprioception. Primary endings of muscle spindles "respond to the size of a muscle length change and its speed" and "contribute both to the sense of limb position and movement".[7] Secondary endings of muscle spindles detect changes in muscle length, and thus supply information regarding only the sense of position.[7] Essentially, muscle spindles are stretch receptors.[8] It has been accepted that cutaneous receptors also contribute directly to proprioception by providing "accurate perceptual information about joint position and movement," and this knowledge is combined with information from the muscle spindles.[9]
A major component of proprioception is joint position sense (JPS), which is determined by measuring the accuracy of joint–angle replication.[10] Clinical aspects of joint position sense are measured in joint position matching tests that measure a subject's ability to detect an externally imposed passive movement, or the ability to reposition a joint to a predetermined position. These involve an individuals ability to perceive the position of a joint without the aid of vision. Often it is assumed that the ability of one of these aspects will be related to another; however, experimental evidence suggests there is no strong relation between these two aspects. This suggests that while these components may well be related in a cognitive manner, they may in fact be physiologically separate.[11]
More recent work into the mechanism of ankle sprains suggests that the role of reflexes may be more limited due to their long latencies (even at the spinal cord level), as ankle sprain events occur in perhaps 100 ms or less. In accordance, a model has been proposed to include a 'feedforward' component of proprioception, whereby the subject will also have central information about the body's position before attaining it.[11]
Kinesthesia is a key component in muscle memory and hand-eye coordination, and training can improve this sense (see blind contour drawing). The ability to swing a golf club or to catch a ball requires a finely tuned sense of the position of the joints. This sense needs to become automatic through training to enable a person to concentrate on other aspects of performance, such as maintaining motivation or seeing where other people are.
Basis of proprioceptive sense
The initiation of proprioception is the activation of a proprioreceptor in the periphery.[12] The proprioceptive sense is believed to be composed of information from sensory neurons located in the inner ear (motion and orientation) and in the stretch receptors located in the muscles and the joint-supporting ligaments (stance). There are specific nerve receptors for this form of perception termed "proprioreceptors," just as there are specific receptors for pressure, light, temperature, sound, and other sensory experiences. Proprioreceptors are sometimes known as adequate stimuli receptors. TRPN, a member of the transient receptor potential family of ion channels, has been found to be responsible for proprioception in fruit flies,[13] nematode worms,[14] African clawed frogs,[15] and zebrafish.[16] The channel mediating human proprioceptive mechanosensation has yet to be discovered.
Proprioception of the head stems from the muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve, where the GSA fibers pass without synapsing in the Gasserian ganglion (first-order sensory neuron), reaching the mesencephalic tract and the mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve.
Although it was known that finger kinesthesia relies on skin sensation, recent research has found that kinesthesia-based haptic perception relies strongly on the forces experienced during touch.[17] This research allows the creation of "virtual", illusory haptic shapes with different perceived qualities.[18]
Conscious and unconscious proprioception
In humans, a distinction is made between conscious proprioception and unconscious proprioception:
- Conscious proprioception is communicated by the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway to the cerebrum.[19]
- Unconscious proprioception is communicated primarily via the dorsal spinocerebellar tract[20] and ventral spinocerebellar tract,[21] to the cerebellum.
- An unconscious reaction is seen in the human proprioceptive reflex, or righting reflex – in the event that the body tilts in any direction, the person will cock their head back to level the eyes against the horizon.[22] This is seen even in infants as soon as they gain control of their neck muscles. This control comes from the cerebellum, the part of the brain affecting balance.
Field sobriety test
Proprioception is tested by American police officers using the field sobriety test to check for alcohol intoxication. The subject is required to touch his or her nose with eyes closed; people with normal proprioception may make an error of no more than 20 millimeters, while people suffering from impaired proprioception (a symptom of moderate to severe alcohol intoxication) fail this test due to difficulty locating their limbs in space relative to their noses.
There are several relatively specific tests of the subject's ability to proprioceive. These tests are used in the diagnosis of neurological disorders. They include the visual and tactile placing reflexes.[23]
Learning new skills
Proprioception is what allows someone to learn to walk in complete darkness without losing balance. During the learning of any new skill, sport, or art, it is usually necessary to become familiar with some proprioceptive tasks specific to that activity. Without the appropriate integration of proprioceptive input, an artist would not be able to brush paint onto a canvas without looking at the hand as it moved the brush over the canvas; it would be impossible to drive an automobile because a motorist would not be able to steer or use the pedals while looking at the road ahead; a person could not touch type or perform ballet; and people would not even be able to walk without watching where they put their feet.
Oliver Sacks has reported the case of a young woman who lost her proprioception due to a viral infection of her spinal cord.[24] At first she could not move properly at all or even control her tone of voice (as voice modulation is primarily proprioceptive). Later she relearned by using her sight (watching her feet) and inner ear only for movement while using hearing to judge voice modulation. She eventually acquired a stiff and slow movement and nearly normal speech, which is believed to be the best possible in the absence of this sense. She could not judge effort involved in picking up objects and would grip them painfully to be sure she did not drop them.
The proprioceptive sense can be sharpened through study of many disciplines. Examples are the Feldenkrais method[25] and the Alexander Technique. Juggling trains reaction time, spatial location, and efficient movement. Standing on a wobble board or balance board is often used to retrain or increase proprioception abilities, particularly as physical therapy for ankle or knee injuries. Slacklining is another method to increase proprioception. Standing on one leg (stork standing) and various other body-position challenges are also used in such disciplines as Yoga, Wing Chun and T'ai Chi Ch'uan.[26] Several studies have shown that the efficacy of these types of training is increased by closing the eyes, because the eyes give invaluable feedback to establishing the moment-to-moment information of balance. There are even specific devices designed for proprioception training, such as the exercise ball, which works on balancing the abdominal and back muscles.
Joint position matching
Joint position matching (JPM) is an established protocol for measuring proprioception, and joint position sense specifically, without the aid of visual or vestibular information.[27] During such tasks, individuals are blindfolded while a joint is moved to a specific angle for a given period of time, returned to neutral, and the subjects are asked to replicate the specified angle. Measured by constant and absolute errors, ability to accurately identify joint angles over a series of conditions is the most accurate means of determining proprioceptive acuity in isolation to date. Recent investigations have shown that hand dominance, participant age, active versus passive matching, and presentation time of the angle can all affect performance on joint position matching tasks.[28] Joint position matching has been used in clinical settings in both the upper and lower extremities.
It has been seen that temporary loss or impairment of proprioception may happen periodically during growth, mostly during adolescence. Growth that might also influence this would be large increases or drops in bodyweight/size due to fluctuations of fat (liposuction, rapid fat loss or gain) and/or muscle content (bodybuilding, anabolic steroids, catabolisis/starvation). It can also occur in those that gain new levels of flexibility, stretching, and contortion. A limb's being in a new range of motion never experienced (or at least, not for a long time since youth perhaps) can disrupt one's sense of location of that limb. Possible experiences include suddenly feeling that feet or legs are missing from one's mental self-image; needing to look down at one's limbs to be sure they are still there; and falling down while walking, especially when attention is focused upon something other than the act of walking.
Proprioception is occasionally impaired spontaneously, especially when one is tired. One's body may appear too large or too small, or parts of the body may appear distorted in size. Similar effects can sometimes occur during epilepsy or migraine auras. These effects are presumed to arise from abnormal stimulation of the part of the parietal cortex of the brain involved with integrating information from different parts of the body.[29]
Proprioceptive illusions can also be induced, such as the Pinocchio illusion.
The proprioceptive sense is often unnoticed because humans will adapt to a continuously present stimulus; this is called habituation, desensitization, or adaptation. The effect is that proprioceptive sensory impressions disappear, just as a scent can disappear over time. One practical advantage of this is that unnoticed actions or sensation continue in the background while an individual's attention can move to another concern. The Alexander Technique addresses these issues.
People that have a limb amputated may still have a confused sense of that limb's existence on their body, known as phantom limb syndrome. Phantom sensations can occur as passive proprioceptive sensations of the limb's presence, or more active sensations such as perceived movement, pressure, pain, itching, or temperature. There are a variety of theories concerning the etiology of phantom limb sensations and experience. Jack Tsao, MD. at Walter Reed Hospital has advanced a theory based on the concept of "proprioceptive memory." This theory argues that the brain retains a memory of specific limb positions and that after amputation there is a conflict between the visual system, which literally sees that the limb is missing, and the memory system which remembers the limb as a functioning part of the body.[30] Phantom sensations and phantom pain may also occur after the removal of body parts other than the limbs, such as after amputation of the breast, extraction of a tooth (phantom tooth pain), or removal of an eye (phantom eye syndrome).
Temporary impairment of proprioception has also been known to occur from an overdose of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine and pyridoxamine). Most of the impaired function returns to normal shortly after the intake of vitamins returns to normal. Impairment can also be caused by cytotoxic factors such as chemotherapy.
It has been proposed that even common tinnitus and the attendant hearing frequency-gaps masked by the perceived sounds may cause erroneous proprioceptive information to the balance and comprehension centers of the brain, precipitating mild confusion.
Proprioception is permanently impaired in patients that suffer from joint hypermobility or Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (a genetic condition that results in weak connective tissue throughout the body).[31] It can also be permanently impaired from viral infections as reported by Sacks. The catastrophic effect of major proprioceptive loss is reviewed by Robles-De-La-Torre (2006).[32] There is also some evidence that proprioception is impaired in autism spectrum disorders such as Asperger Syndrome.[33]
Proprioception is also permanently impaired in physiological aging (presbypropria).[34]
See also
- Balance disorder
- Body image
- Body schema
- Broken escalator phenomenon
- Deep receptor
- Dizziness
- Equilibrioception
- Ideomotor phenomenon
- Illusions of self-motion
- Instinctive aiming
- Kinaesthetics
- Kinesthetic learning
- Motion sickness
- Multisensory integration
- Seasickness
- Spatial disorientation
- Theory of multiple intelligences
- Vertigo
- ^ Mosby's Medical, Nursing & Allied Health Dictionary, Fourth Edition, Mosby-Year Book 1994, p. 1285
- ^ Jerosch, Jörg; Heisel, Jürgen (May 2010). Management der Arthrose: Innovative Therapiekonzepte (in German). Deutscher Ärzteverlag. p. 107.
- ^ Singh, Arun Kumar (September 1991). The Comprehensive History of Psychology. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 66.
- ^ Dickinson, John (1976). Proprioceptive control of human movement. Princeton Book Co. p. 4. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
- ^ Foster, Susan Leigh (15 December 2010). Choreographing Empathy: Kinesthesia in Performance. Taylor & Francis. p. 74.
- ^ Brookhart, John M.; Mountcastle, Vernon B. (Vernon Benjamin); Geiger, Stephen R. (1984). The Nervous system: Sensory processes ; volume editor: Ian Darian-Smith. American Physiological Society. p. 784.
- ^ a b Proske, U; Gandevia, SC (2009). "The kinaesthetic senses". The Journal of Physiology 587 (Pt 17): 4139–4146.
- ^ Winter, JA; Allen, TJ; Proske, U (2005). "Muscle spindle signals combine with the sense of effort to indicate limb position". The Journal of physiology 568 (Pt 3): 1035–46.
- ^ Collins, DF; Refshauge, KM; Todd, G; Gandevia, SC (2005). "Cutaneous receptors contribute to kinesthesia at the index finger, elbow, and knee". Journal of neurophysiology 94 (3): 1699–706.
- ^ Dover, G; Powers, ME (2003). "Reliability of Joint Position Sense and Force-Reproduction Measures During Internal and External Rotation of the Shoulder". Journal of Athletic Training 38 (4): 304–310.
- ^ a b Feuerbach, JW; Grabiner, MD; Koh, TJ; Weiker, GG (1994). "Effect of an ankle orthosis and ankle ligament anesthesia on ankle joint proprioception". The American journal of sports medicine 22 (2): 223–9.
- ^ Sherrington CS (1907). "On the proprioceptive system, especially in its reflex aspect". Brain 29 (4): 467–85.
- ^ Walker, R. G.; Willingham, A. T.; Zuker, C. S. (2000). "A Drosophila mechanosensory transduction channel". Science 287 (5461): 2229–2234.
- ^ Li, W.; Feng, Z.; Sternberg, P. W.; Shawn Xu, X. Z. (2006). "A C. Elegans stretch receptor neuron revealed by a mechanosensitive TRP channel homologue". Nature 440 (7084): 684–687.
- ^ Shin, J. -B.; Adams, D.; Paukert, M.; Siba, M.; Sidi, S.; Levin, M.; Gillespie, P. G.; Gründer, S. (2005). "Xenopus TRPN1 (NOMPC) localizes to microtubule-based cilia in epithelial cells, including inner-ear hair cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 (35): 12572–12577.
- ^
- ^ Robles-De-La-Torre G, Hayward V (2001). "Force can overcome object geometry in the perception of shape through active touch". Nature 412 (6845): 445–8.
- ^ the MIT Technology Review article "The Cutting Edge of Haptics"
- ^ Fix, James D. (2002). Neuroanatomy. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 127.
- ^ Swenson RS. "Review of Clinical and Functional Neuroscience, Chapter 7A: Somatosensory Systems". (online version Dartmouth college). Retrieved 2008-04-10.
- ^ Siegel, Allan (2010). Essential Neuroscience. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 263.
- ^ "TMJ, Forward Head Posture and Neck Pain". Freedom From Pain Institute. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
- ^ Introduction to Neurology, 2nd Edition 1976, A.C.Palmer, Blackwell Scientific, Oxford
- ^ Sacks, O.. "The Disembodied Lady", in The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and his autobiographical case study A Leg to Stand On.
- ^ Connors, Karol A.; Galea, Mary P.; Said, Catherine M. (2011). "Feldenkrais Method Balance Classes Improve Balance in Older Adults: A Controlled Trial". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011: 1.
- ^ cheng man ch'ing. T'ai Chi Ch'uan. Blue Snake Books usa. pp. 86, 88.
- ^ Goble, DJ; Noble, BC; Brown, SH (2010). "Where was my arm again? Memory-based matching of proprioceptive targets is enhanced by increased target presentation time" (PDF). Neuroscience letters 481 (1): 54–8.
- ^ Goble, DJ (2010). "Proprioceptive acuity assessment via joint position matching: From basic science to general practice". Physical therapy 90 (8): 1176–84.
- ^ Ehrsson H, Kito T, Sadato N, Passingham R, Naito E (2005). "Neural substrate of body size: illusory feeling of shrinking of the waist". PLoS Biol. 3 (12): e412.
- ^ Weeks, S.R., Anderson-Barnes, V.C., Tsao, J. (2010). "Phantom limb pain: Theories and therapies". The Neurologist 16 (5): 277–286.[1]
- ^ Castori M (2012). "Ehlers-danlos syndrome, hypermobility type: an underdiagnosed hereditary connective tissue disorder with mucocutaneous, articular, and systemic manifestations". ISRN Dermatol 2012: 751768.
- ^ Robles-De-La-Torre G (2006). "The Importance of the Sense of Touch in Virtual and Real Environments". IEEE Multimedia 13 (3): 24–30.
- ^ Weimer, AK; Schatz, AM; Lincoln, A; Ballantyne, AO; Trauner, DA (2001). ""Motor" impairment in Asperger syndrome: Evidence for a deficit in proprioception". Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP 22 (2): 92–101.
- ^ Boisgontier, MP; Olivier, I; Chenu, O; Nougier, V (2012). "Presbypropria: The effects of physiological ageing on proprioceptive control". Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 34 (5): 1179–94.
External links
- Neuroscience Tutorial See "Basic somatosensory pathway", Eastern International College.
- Joint & Bone – Ehlers-Danlos/Joint Hypermobility Syndrome – Proprioception
- Humans have six senses, why does everyone think we only have five? at Everything2
- Proprioception this essay by Charles Wolfe takes its cue from such thinkers & artists as Charles Olson, Merleau-Ponty, James J. Gibson, and Andy Clark to illustrate the view of the "priority of dynamic embodied activity over isolated 'mental' and 'physical' regions" to define this concept
- WNYC – Radio Lab: Where Am I? (May 05, 2006) radio program looks at the relationship between the brain and the body
- The Dancers Mind ABC (Aust) podcast on the nature of proprioception.
- Proprioception at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)


text:
SKF miniature profile rail guides
Accurate, repeatable cycling with minimal mounting space -- ideal for food and beverage applications
The assortment of SKF profile rail guides for the food and beverage industry includes a range of sizes, carriages and accessories, available in various preload and accuracy classes. In addition, they can operate at virtually unlimited stroke. As a result, there is an SKF profile rail guide available to meet the needs of virtually any application for the food and beverage industry. Operating features and benefits include:
- Superior performance – high acceleration, preload, stiffness and self-aligning capability result in better service life
- Corrosion resistance – all parts of the system are made of stainless steel or plastic materials
- Ease of maintenance – oil holes in the end caps of the carriage make it easy to re-lubricate the system
- Low friction, smooth and stick-slip-free operation


text:
Riverhead's LI National Golf Club to be sold for $6M
Manhattan real estate developer Donald Zucker has agreed to purchase the bankrupt Long Island National Golf Club in Riverhead, an attorney involved in the sale said Wednesday. A company established by Zucker, Golf Riverhead LLC, last month agreed to pay $6 million for the course, though the property would have been subject to an auction if other parties were willing to bid higher.
"No other qualifying, competing bids were received, and therefore no auction was held as set forth in the order approving the bid procedures," said Adam Wofse, attorney for the course's owner, William Gatz of Cutchogue. "The debtor will be moving forward to close with the buyer."
Zucker's offer was what is called a "stalking horse bid," which sets a floor price for an auction. Wofse, an attorney at the Wantagh firm of LaMonica Herbst & Maniscalco LLP, said the bankruptcy judge at the federal court in Central Islip approved the sale Wednesday.
The money raised by the auction will not be enough to pay off the golf course's $8.4 million of debt. The property is being sold by Gatz Properties LLC, which entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy last year after a Delaware Court of Chancery judge ordered Gatz to pay investors $1.7 million. The company also owes Flushing Bank $6.7 million.
Zucker bought another distressed golf course in 2009 when he purchased the North Shore Country Club in Glen Head.
Last month Bob Esnard, president of the Zucker Organization, told Newsday that Zucker wants to keep Long Island National as a golf course rather than develop housing on the property.
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