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Dr. Bob:
Thanks for your help in advance. From my own studies, I understand that condoms are highly protective against HIV. Often times, I will see a CDC study of 123 Serodiscordant couples cited (in which none of the HIV- positve partners became infected with consistent condom use). However, I've also heard of other, later studies in which a few hiv- individuals did report infection even with condom-protected intercourse with a hiv+ individual.
Now, I'm not asking out of any paranoia (really, I am not), but I'm confused about the accuracy of these later studies? Since HIV cannot permeate intact latex, why would even a few couples be reporting new infections? Does it have to do with the possibily that the couples were probably self-reporting and that there is no way to verify whether the condoms never broke or that they really always used protection?
Nerdy I know, but thanks for the info.
Hello Nerdy,
Don't feel needy, Nerdy. I'm glad to help. This question comes up frequently. You mention two scientific findings:
"Condoms are highly protective against HIV." (This goes along with the fact I often quote that HIV cannot permeate intact latex or polyurethane. No way. No how.)
Some studies report a few folks become HIV infected despite "condom-protected intercourse."
These two finding are not mutually exclusive for several reasons:
Occasionally condoms do fail (very rarely).
Some folks use the wrong kind of condom. (Lambskin condoms do not protect against HIV.)
Condoms are not always used properly. (There is a difference between testing condoms in ideal laboratory settings and their use in the real world.)
I've addressed these topics many times in the past. I'll reprint some of those posts below. You can find many more in the archives. Have a look!
Stay safe and you'll stay well.
Dr. Bob
Condom Permeability (CONDOMS) Oct 3, 2006
Some recent questions posted in the forum are really intresting and I would like the discussion to go a little further since it is a really important matter.
As you were questioned about the efficacy of condoms by an AIDS activist and recently another friend posted about permeability of hiv through latex. I would like to ad my situation. After going through an incidence of protected sex 2 months ago I became concerned about my exposure to HIV and so I started looking at the internet.
To my horror there are so many websites saying that latex pores are bigger than the size of HIV virus and thus HIV can pass through condoms. Reading all that material I have gone through such a painful time of extreme anxiety and of which I am still suffering since I want to get tested after 6 months and I think I still have to bear up with this for another 4 months.
My question is that if this information is wrong, health professionals like yourself and also the websites why are they not countering this disinformation. People like me who after their whatever exposures go to internet and unless there is correct information available they end up getting worried for nothing. It is definitely the responsibility of the health professionals to put forward the right information.
Having said all that I would just add to the earlier questions asked that I have looked at some of the details of the experiments they undertook to check the permeability and the report said I dont remember the exact number that 26 out of 80 or something condoms did leak some virus however the protection the provide is 10,000 fold more than unprotected sex. If 26 out of 80 leak its a big number and how do u say HIV cannot pass no way, no how. I still cant understand this. Your reply to last email giving links to planned parenthood article said that the virus particles used in that test were much smaller than HIV, whereas those tests describe particles to be of the same size.
This is very confusing. I would be grateful if you could really give us some concrete information about the whole debate and also post it as a permanent feature in your website to further the cause of right information.
Thanks a million for your good work. Keep it up.
Response from Dr. Frascino
Why aren't health care professionals and Web sties countering disinformation about condoms? Hmmm . . . hold on a second, dearie, I'm counting to 10 so my head doesn't explode. I just did a quick search for "condoms" for the archives of this forum and came up with 2320 separate posts. Honey, I'm typing as fast as I can! I've answered and re-answered and re-re-re-re-answered this question so many times that I feel like "The Department of Redundancy Department." This is definitely a QTND (Question That Never Dies). I cannot police the Internet or demand that misleading or frankly false information be removed from other Web sites any more than I can keep Bush/Cheney from saying Iraq was responsible for 9/11. What I can and do do is provide scientifically sound factual information. What you choose to read and believe is totally up to you, not me! If you had asked me (or a science-based factual HIV-prevention expert), I would have told you protected sex is indeed protected if the latex condom was used properly and did not fail. HIV cannot permeate intact latex. No way. No how. No matter what the Vatican or other rightwing, anti-abortion, extra-chromosome religious zealots may post on their sites. OK?
You write "it is definitely the responsibility of the health professionals to put forward the right information." I absolutely agree and I encourage you to read all 2320 posts in this forum alone to see that that is exactly what I (and many others) have been doing for years. What you need to realize, sweetie, is that there is a big difference between "the right information" and "information from the Right!"
I'll repost just a few posts from the archives and urge you to read the rest on your own.
Dr. Bob
can the HIV virus pass through the pores of a latex condom? Mar 8, 2003
Hi, I heard that the HIV virus is so small that it can possibly pass through the pores of a latex condom.
Is this information true? Also, what are the chances of contracting HIV from performing vaginal sex on a woman that is HIV positive assuming ideal conditions (condom stays intact and no leakage from the sides)?
Thank You.
Response from Dr. Frascino
You heard what? Where are you getting this information? The Department of Irresponsible and Irreproducible Results?" No, HIV cannot pass through a latex condom. Why else would we wear them? Oh yeah, there are the glow-in-the-dark ones that make pretty nifty night lights, but really, my friend, I certainly hope you don't believe everything that you hear. Perhaps what you heard was that HIV can pass through certain types of "natural" condoms, like those made form sheep's intestines (Ramses). That is true. Those types of condoms are fine for preventing unwanted pregnancy, but do not protect against HIV.
So what's your risk, if we assume the "ideal conditions" you describe? Essentially nonexistent.
Stay well.
Dr. Bob
Using condoms Sep 12, 2006
Hi Dr Bob,
I really like your forum. By the way my fiancee is positive and I'm negative. We have sex for 3 weeks using condoms and we double it. The condom did not break nor it leak. However I encountered itchiness when we try another brand of condoms and I have white discharge so I'm taking meds for it now. I'm just curious if this might be a symptoms that despite of using condoms I still get infection of HIV because the OB gyne I went to here in the Philippines told me that using condoms is not safe and STD like HIV may infect me still...Thanks a lot for your response.
Regards, Concerned woman
Response from Dr. Frascino
Your OB/GYN doctor told you what???? The facts are that latex or polyurethane condoms are very effective in reducing the risk of STDs, including HIV, if they are used properly and do not fail (break). HIV and other STDs cannot permeate intact latex or polyurethane. No way. No how.
I don't recommend using two latex condoms simultaneously, because the friction of latex on latex could actually weaken the condom and increase the risk of rupture. A single condom with water-based lubricant is all you need. If itchiness is occurring with latex condoms, it may be an allergy. Try switching to polyurethane.
I'll reprint some information about condoms from the archives below. Additional information about condoms, latex allergy, "double bagging" and condom efficacy can be found in the archives.
I'd also suggest you read through the archives that pertain to magnetic couples (one poz and one neg.).
Stay safe. Stay well.
Dr. Bob
January 10, 2006
What Are Condoms?
What Are They Made Of?
How Are Condoms Used?
Using a Male Condom
Using a Female Condom
Condom Myths
The Bottom Line
What Are Condoms?
A condom is a tube made of thin, flexible material. It is closed at one end. Condoms have been used for hundreds of years to prevent pregnancy by keeping a man's semen out of a woman's vagina. Condoms also help prevent diseases that are spread by semen or by contact with infected sores in the genital area, including HIV. Most condoms go over a man's penis. A new type of condom was designed to fit into a woman's vagina. This "female" condom can also be used to protect the rectum.
What Are They Made Of?
Condoms used to be made of natural skin (including lambskin) or of rubber. That's why they are called "rubbers." Most condoms today are latex or polyurethane. Lambskin condoms can prevent pregnancy. However, they have tiny holes (pores) that are large enough for HIV to get through. Lambskin condoms do not prevent the spread of HIV. Latex is the most common material for condoms. Viruses cannot get through it. Latex is inexpensive and available in many styles. It has two drawbacks: oils make it fall apart, and some people are allergic to it.
Polyurethane is an option for people who are allergic to latex. One brand of female condom and one brand of male condom are made of polyurethane.
How Are Condoms Used?
Condoms can protect you during contact between the penis, mouth, vagina, or rectum. Condoms won't protect you from HIV or other infections unless you use them correctly.
Store condoms away from too much heat, cold, or friction. Do not keep them in a wallet or a car glove compartment.
Check the expiration date. Don't use outdated condoms.
Don't open a condom package with your teeth. Be careful that your fingernails or jewelry don't tear the condom. Body jewelry in or around your penis or vagina might also tear a condom.
Use a new condom every time you have sex, or when the penis moves from the rectum to the vagina.
Check the condom during sex, especially if it feels strange, to make sure it is still in place and unbroken.
Do not use a male condom and a female condom at the same time.
Use only water-based lubricants with latex condoms, not oil-based. The oils in Crisco, butter, baby oil, Vaseline or cold cream will make latex fall apart.
Use unlubricated condoms for oral sex (most lubricants taste awful).
Do not throw condoms into a toilet. They can clog plumbing.
Using a Male Condom:
Put the condom on when your penis is erect -- but before it touches your partner's mouth, vagina, or rectum. Many couples use a condom too late, after some initial penetration. Direct genital contact can transmit some diseases. The liquid that comes out of the penis before orgasm can contain HIV.
If you want, put some water-based lubricant inside the tip of the condom.
If you are not circumcised, push your foreskin back before you put on a condom. This lets your foreskin move without breaking the condom.
Squeeze air out of the tip of the condom to leave room for semen (cum). Unroll the rest of the condom down the penis.
Do not "double bag" (use two condoms). Friction between the condoms increases the chance of breakage.
After orgasm, hold the base of the condom and pull out before your penis gets soft.
Be careful not to spill semen onto your partner when you throw the condom away.
Using a Female Condom:
The female condom is a sleeve or pouch with a closed end and a larger open end. There are flexible rings at each end of the Reality condom, and a flexible V-shaped frame in the V-amour condom.
Put the condom in place before your partner's penis touches your vagina or rectum.
For use in the vagina, insert the narrow end of the condom, like inserting a diaphragm. The larger end goes over the opening to the vagina to protect the outside sex organs from infection.
Guide the penis into the large end to avoid unprotected contact between the penis and the partner's rectum or vagina.
Some people have used the Reality condom in the rectum after removing the smaller ring. Put the condom over your partner's erect penis. The condom will be inserted into the rectum along with the penis.
After sex, remove the condom before standing up. Twist the large end to keep the semen inside. Gently pull the condom out and throw it away.
Nonoxynol-9 is a chemical that kills sperm (a spermicide). It can help prevent pregnancy when it is used in the vagina along with condoms or other birth control methods. Nonoxynol-9 should not be used in the mouth or rectum.
Because nonoxynol-9 kills HIV in the test tube, it was considered as a way to prevent HIV infection during sex. Unfortunately, many people are allergic to it. Their sex organs (penis, vagina, and rectum) can get irritated and develop small sores that actually make it easier for HIV infection to spread. Nonoxynol-9 should not be used as a way to prevent HIV infection.
Condom Myths
Condoms don't work: Studies show condoms are 80% to 97% effective in preventing HIV transmission if they are used correctly every time you have sex.
Condoms break a lot: Less than 2% of condoms break when they are used correctly: no oils with latex condoms, no double condoms, no outdated condoms.
HIV can get through condoms: HIV cannot get through latex or polyurethane condoms. Don't use lambskin condoms.
The Bottom Line
When used correctly, condoms are the best way to prevent the spread of HIV during sexual activity. Condoms can protect the mouth, vagina or rectum from HIV-infected semen. They can protect the penis from HIV-infected vaginal fluids and blood in the mouth, vagina, or rectum. They also reduce the risk of spreading other sexually transmitted diseases.
Condoms must be stored, used and disposed of correctly. Male condoms are used on the penis. Female condoms can be used in the vagina or rectum.
For more information, see Condomania's World of Safer Sex at www.condomania.com or the FDA's condom brochure at www.fda.gov/oashi/aids/condom.html.
Jul 6, 2006
Hey Dr. McHandsome,
I'm about to enter into the sexually active period of my life.I'm 25 and I can't wait to impress the ladies with my wit and fashion! I'm writing because I'm concerned about carrying condoms in my pocket or wallet. Should i carry them in my man-bag instead or would that be too ticky-tacky?
Thanks for your prompt repy,
Sincerely yours,
Response from Dr. Frascino
You refer to me as Dr. McHandsome; you're 25 but only now about ready to enter into the sexually active period of your life; you expect to impress ladies with your wit and fashion; you carry a man-bag and your name is Sergio-Gaylord????? Whoa! There are so many rainbow flags waving in that message that it's only one penis Popsicle away from a Gay Day parade.
Dude, first off, when someone mentions man-bag on this site, I think scrotum.
To answer your question, condoms can be comfortably carried in your pockets or attaché case or stored for handy use in your nightstand "goody drawer."
Next, you may well be as straight as a lawn dart, but the tone of your post makes me wonder if you could bottom for Liberace. Either way, of course, it's fine with me. I just want you to be safe and sexually content and never-ever ticky-tacky.
Good luck.
Dr. Bob
Holes in Latex Condom (CONDOMS) Jul 29, 2006
Hello Dr.
These last days there had been a lot of "bad information" circulating on the net about, the fact that the holes in the latex condom, are about 100 times bigger than an HIV particle, so the virus could pass the intact condom. I think, ( and i believe i read that in an paper) that althoug the hole could be 100 times bigger than a virus particule, at that level of interaction, the electromagnetic forces, make imposible for the particle to pass the intact latex. Unfortunately I coulnd't find any demonstration about this fact on the net, and my math or knowledge in molecular biology it's not enought to prove it. Thanks for your comments and sorry about my english. The bad info sometimes is worse than no info. Thanks again.
Response from Dr. Frascino
You are correct the information about holey condoms is "bad information" often generated and perpetuated by the holiest of holies, the Vatican. Religion obviously is based solely on beliefs, be they virgin births, walking on water, Adam and Steve (I mean Eve), etc. Science and common sense sometimes get in the way of these belief systems the science of evolution versus the belief of creationism, etc.
Unfortunately we have this type of problem with condoms. Anti-science religions, like the Catholic Church, believe that condoms are nothing more than Swiss cheese. Science, on the other hand, has confirmed repeatedly that HIV cannot permeate intact latex. No way. No how.
The concept that condoms have holes is a myth that has been disproved on numerous occasions. The Vatican (and other rightwing religious sex-phobic wingnuts), however, continues to "believe" their fantasy. Actually, it's hard for me to really accept that they actually truly believe this obvious fallacy, but they most likely continue to promote it because it fits in nicely with their other agendas.
I'll post some information form the archives that addresses the efficacy of condoms. You can also find much more information on this topic in the archives.
Yes, there is "bad information" out there; however, focusing on the scientifically sound information will mitigate and hopefully eventually eliminate myths in favor of truth, fact and common sense. Watch for a swing back toward science, truth and reality once Dubya and his cronies have been tarred, feathered and run out of town. One small victory this week was the crushing defeat of the Religious Right's poster boy, Ralph Reed, in his bid to become lieutenant governor of Georgia.
Stay safe. Stay well.
Dr. Bob
only 80%????
Jul 25, 2006
I just was watching The Today and there was a doctor on there who stated that condoms are only 80% protective against HIV. I have always had protective anal sex - no condoms breaking. I have heard I am at close to zero risk - but this doctor "chic" on The Today show freaked me out. Can you add to this?
Response from Dr. Frascino
No need to freak out. HIV cannot permeate intact latex. No way. No how. The reason condoms are not 100% protective has to do with many potential factors, such as:
Using the wrong kind of condom. Natural (lamb's skin) condoms do not protect against HIV.
Using condoms improperly. This is a biggy! You'd be amazed how many studs just don't know how to dress for success!
Condom failure. It's rare, but it can happen, especially if one is stingy with the lube.
I'll post some questions from the archives below that address condom efficacy. The "doctor chick" on the Today Show seems to be a bit of an alarmist. Chances are she voted for Dubya and his sex-phobic anti-science cronies.
Stay safe and you'll stay well.
Dr. Bob
What's the story with those new condoms?
Apr 3, 2006
Hey Dr Bob Thanks for answering our questions.
The message written on the condom went something like, " although proper use of the condom may protect against HIV/Aids, it does not properly eliminate the risk".
That seemed a little bit in contradiction to what I have read from your archives here. My impression was that if the condom was used properly and does not break then you can count on 100% protection. Does this mean that those of us who had protected sex with people of unknown status should go for tests? I am confused.
Thanks Doc
Response from Dr. Frascino
". . . does not properly eliminate the risk???" I doubt that was the exact wording, but the take-home message you really need to hear is that if you're going to have sex, using a latex condom properly is the smartest thing you can do to prevent contracting HIV. I'll repost a question from earlier today that addressed condom efficacy.
Dr. Bob
not another hypothetical risk question Apr 3, 2006
Hi Dr Bob:
After finding out that my bf was HIV positive, I've been a regular in this great site, mining for as much information as I can find and process. I understand people's fears, but somehow I grow tired of the "5 years ago I touched a handkerchief that a prostitute had used to wipe her butt, I washed my hands with bleach 432 times after that and my ELISA, western and PCR came back negative 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after that, what should I do?" type of question. So here are my questions, from a neg. guy who regularly engages in protected sex with a pos. guy: 1- When they say that condoms offer at least 85% protection against HIV, do they mean that out of 100 episodes of protected sex with a pos. individual, 15 result in transmission? I guess not, but what do they actually mean? 2 - The HIV specialist my bf is seeing told him that there is no data to back up PEP, so she doesn't recommend it. Is this true? 3 - How often do you think I should be tested? Thank you so much for the amazing site, it goes to show that information is power.
Response from Dr. Frascino
Gosh, if you think you're tired of the "touched a hooker's hankie" type of question, you can just imagine how I must feel as I wade through literally thousands of such questions on a continual basis day after day. So let's proceed to your magnetic couple questions: 1. The bottom line here is that HIV cannot pass through intact latex. No way. No how. Condom statistics (like all statistics) can be a bit misleading. I'll repost below a few questions from the archives that address the condom-efficacy question. I also suggest you check the Planned Parenthood Web site and review their document, "The Truth about Condoms." It's well referenced. Now let me show you an example of how statistics can be misleading in a very Republican-NRA sort of way. Consider the following stats: Doctors: The number of doctors in the U.S. is 700,000 Accidental deaths caused by physicians per year are 120,000 Accidental deaths per physician is 17.14% (Statistics courtesy of the U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services) Guns: The number of gun owners in the U.S. is 80,000,000 (yes that's 80 million) The number of accidental gun deaths per year is 1,500 The number of accidental deaths per gun owner is 0.001875% (Statistics courtesy of the FBI) Therefore, "statistically speaking," doctors are approximately 9,000 times more dangerous than gun owners, the logical conclusion being "guns don't kill people, doctors do!" See what I mean about statistics and how they can be manipulated to support an illogical conclusion?!?
Your boyfriend's HIV specialist doesn't recommend PEP? That's worrisome. The most direct evidence supporting the efficacy of PEP is a case-control study of needlestick injuries to health care workers. In that study the prompt initiation of AZT was associated with an 81% decrease in the risk of acquiring HIV. In the nonoccupational arena we have data from observational studies and registries. Although data from observational studies and case reports may not provide definitive evidence of PEP's efficacy in nonoccupational exposures, the overall cumulative data is so convincing that it would now be considered unethical to run a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of PEP to scientifically verify what has now become standard of care for most HIV specialist practices. I would suggest you print out a copy of the recommendations from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services entitled "Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, Injection-Drug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV in the United States" (January 2005) and review it with your boyfriend's HIV specialist. If he/she doesn't promptly change his or her opinion on PEP, you might want to consider changing HIV specialists! I also bet that if that specialist found himself/herself on the wrong end of a broken condom with an HIV+ partner, he or she would have PEP meds swallowed faster than Bush can write " I souport publik edekasion"
That depends on your level of risk. For instance, some magnetic couples don't use condoms for oral sex, some may not use condoms "properly" each and every time, etc. Some HIV specialists suggest an every-six-month STD/HIV screen for the sexually active "at risk" population. Consequently the answer to how often I would recommend that you be tested would depend on a variety of variables. But remember, the option of testing is always open to you if you feel there has been a potential exposure. Yes, information is indeed power.
Stay well. I hope your magnetic coupling is as successful and satisfying as mine. I think we should change the terminology of "serodiscordant" to "serodiverse," as serodiscordant is so, well, discordant, and that certainly doesn't apply to my relationship!
Dr. Bob
With age comes wisdom, maybe? Jun 29, 2005
Has there been any known cases of persons getting infected with HIV even though they have consistently and correctly used a latex condom without any breakage of slippage? This may sound like a dumb question to you and others, but me and my friends at my high school are getting different answers from alot of adults here at school and elsewhere about condoms and there effectiveness against HIV. Thanks for reading this letter and it is important to have an expert opinion like yours, I know you know more than these so called other grown-ups.
David (still not sure if I'm bi or just gay) either way would like to do it right.
Response from Dr. Frascino
Hi David,
With age comes wisdom? Maybe. But far too often with age the broadness of the mind and narrowness of the waist change places. So, since I still have a narrow waist, I'll try to clear up the condom efficacy/effectiveness conundrum. Under controlled laboratory conditions, latex condoms are essentially impermeable to particles the size of STD pathogens, including HIV. However, when placed into the context of horned-up mattress mambo with the lights off after a few cosmopolitans, the "real life" large-scale epidemiological studies show condoms to be 80-95% effective in reducing HIV infection. Some folks think they are using condoms properly, when, in reality, they are not. I'll attach a few recent posts from the archives that also address this issue, OK?
David, bi, gay or whatever, it's cool with me. What's most important is that your facts are "straight!"
Stay well! Stay safe.
Dr. Bob
critical: have you shifted your opinion on condoms? Posted: Apr 6, 2005
I am a donor to your organization, a regular reader and an admirer. I have a question for you that has very important ramifications for myself and the entire population that frequents this site. For literally years, your position has been, simply stated, that the proper use of a condom prevents HIV transmission. While "proper use" is somewhat loaded phraseology, and you have always very candidly pointed out that humans are not always perfect, the gist of your position has been that proper use of a condom prevents HIV transmissions and obviates testing. Of course, I realize that this prevention statement incorporates assumptions, e.g., condom did not fall off, break, was not expired, and was put on properly. Now, however, I am reading your posts indicating that "large epidemiological studies" indicate that practically speaking, i.e., in the real world of human error and shortcoming, condoms are (I believe you stated) approximately 80% to 95% effective at preventing transmission. You still state, though, that they are nearly 100% efficacious in the laboratory world. Perhaps I am missing something, but to me, you seemed to have shifted considerably your views on the overall effectiveness (i.e., real world effectiveness) of condoms. The question to you that I think should clarify your position: if you were advising an individual, such as myself, on the safety of using a condom for intercourse with a partner of unknown statuts (and therefore, to error on caution's side, let's say positive); and assuming that I have used many condoms in the past and know how to use them "properly," i.e., leave room at tip, unroll to base, don't put on inside-out, etc.), then would you advise me that using a condom for intercourse with this partner will effectively prevent HIV transmission? I realize that large epidemiological studies are not necessarily reducible to the individual level. But I think your apparent shift (at least as perceived by me) merits elaboration to the "individuals" who visit your site. Thank you, and god bless you!!!!
Dr. Bob's reply:
No, my position on condoms has not changed at all over the years and I don't anticipate it will unless new scientific research evolves to support a change.
So, why the confusion??? Like many other current problems, it can be traced back to a "son of a Bush." In the context of U.S. Government policies and programs for combating HIV/AIDS domestically and internationally, a debate has resurfaced about the effectiveness of condoms in preventing sexual transmission of HIV infection. Some recent U.S. Government policies have begun to shift emphasis to the "lack of condom effectiveness" in educational materials and other publications that receive federal funds. This shift has caused confusion in the general public about whether condoms should be used and promoted for preventing HIV infection. I have consistently restated the scientific evidence related to condom efficacy and effectiveness for prevention of HIV/AIDS. You are correct that I have often quoted the scientific facts from laboratory studies, including those conducted by the FDA, concluding that latex condoms are impermeable to particles the size of STD pathogens, including HIV. Therefore, if you did use a latex condom properly and the condom did not fail, I do not believe HIV testing is warranted.
There are many reasons condom effectiveness in preventing HIV may be compromised. For instance, using natural skin rather than latex or polyurethane condoms, using the wrong type of lubricant (oil-based rather than water-based), not using the condom for the whole sex act (some folks put them on just before ejaculating), compromising the integrity of the condom (excessive heat if kept in the glove compartment of your car, tearing the condom when opening the foil packet, using condoms beyond their expiration date), etc., etc., etc. the list can go on and on and on.
Even with all these "real life" limitations of not using a condom "properly," condoms still remain 80-95% effective in reducing the risk of HIV infection if used consistently. I hope that helps clarify any confusion.
The real take-home message is that scientific evidence does not support the recent shift in U.S. Government policy that stresses lack of condom efficacy. Rather the scientific evidence clearly shows that both male and female condoms are highly effective in preventing the transmission of HIV/AIDS.
Gosh, if I'm getting this many questions about condoms, I can just imagine what the evolution and global warming experts are up against in refuting Dubya's faith-based science initiatives. Stay safe. Stay well.
Dr. Bob
I hope you won't be annoyed. Posted: May 14, 2005
Dr Bob,
You seem to imply that the catholic church's position re: rubbers is wrong. And I agree with you a 100%. However, what I disagree with is your counter-implication that condoms provide almost perfect protection. Fact is, in studies with discordant couples, there were always one or two that got infected with condoms (as opposed to 10 out of a 100 odd couples) implying that the risk is still significant. I want to know if I am misunderstanding you, or what your opinion is on this otherwise.
Thank you for educating us on these issues. You are the best!
Dr. Bob's response:
No, of course I'm not annoyed but I do think you are misinterpreting my "counter-implication." If you go back to the archives, what you will find is that my statements are very consistent and reflect what we know about how well condoms work for preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Perhaps the easiest way to explain this is to make a distinction between efficacy and effectiveness. Efficacy can be defined as the protection the user would have under "ideal" conditions. Efficacy, therefore, is dependent on the properties of the device, in this case the condom, tested in controlled situations. Effectiveness can be defined as the protection the user would have under "actual" or "real life" conditions. Effectiveness, therefore, is dependent on both the properties of the device (condom) and the behaviors of the user. Laboratory studies, including those conducted by the FDA, have shown the latex condom to be essentially impermeable to particles the size of STD germs, including HIV. However, in large-scale, "real life" epidemiological studies, condoms are 80-95% effective in reducing HIV infection.
The bottom line is that condoms provide a highly effective barrier method when used correctly.
The Catholic Church is shamefully wrong in their condemnation of condoms. For example, in El Salvador the Church helped push through a law requiring condom packages to carry a warning label stating that condoms do not protect against AIDS. Studies now show fewer than four percent of Salvadoran couples use condoms the first time they have sex. The result will be more funerals. The Church must choose between obeying tradition and saving lives. Somehow the answer to the often quoted question "What would Jesus do?" seems painfully obvious.
Stay safe. Stay well.
Dr. Bob
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION Basic Facts About Condoms and Their Use in Preventing HIV Infection and Other STDs With more than 1 million Americans infected with HIV, most of them through sexual transmission, and an estimated 12 million other sexually transmitted diseases occurring each year in the United States, effective strategies for preventing these diseases are critical. The proper and consistent use of latex condoms when engaging in sexual intercourse--vaginal, anal, or oral--can greatly reduce a person's risk of acquiring or transmitting STDs, including HIV infection. In fact, recent studies provide compelling evidence that latex condoms are highly effective in protecting against HIV infection when used properly for every act of intercourse. Latex condoms are highly effective when used consistently and correctly-- new studies provide additional evidence that condoms work The protection that proper use of latex condoms provides against HIV transmission is most evident from studies of couples in which one member is infected with HIV and the other is not, i.e., "discordant couples." In a study of discordant couples in Europe, among 123 couples who reported consistent condom use, none of the uninfected partners became infected. In contrast, among the 122 couples who used condoms inconsistently, 12 of the uninfected partners became infected. As these studies indicate, condoms must be used consistently and correctly to provide maximum protection. Consistent use means using a condom from start to finish with each act of intercourse. Correct condom use should include the following steps: Use a new condom for each act of intercourse. Put on the condom as soon as erection occurs and before any sexual contact (vaginal, anal, or oral). Hold the tip of the condom and unroll it onto the erect penis, leaving space at the tip of the condom, yet ensuring that no air is trapped in the condom's tip. Adequate lubrication is important, but use only water-based lubricants, such as glycerine or lubricating jellies (which can be purchased at any pharmacy). Oil-based lubricants, such as petroleum jelly, cold cream, hand lotion, or baby oil, can weaken the condom. Withdraw from the partner immediately after ejaculation, holding the condom firmly to keep it from slipping off. Myths About Condoms There continues to be misinformation and misunderstanding about condom effectiveness. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides the following updated information to address some common myths about condoms. This information is based on findings from recent epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical studies. Myth #1: Condoms don't work Some persons have expressed concern about studies that report failure rates among couples using condoms for pregnancy prevention. Analysis of these studies indicates that the large range of efficacy rates is related to incorrect or i inconsistent use. The fact is: latex condoms are highly effective for pregnancy prevention, but only when they are used properly. Research indicates that only 30 to 60 percent of men who claim to use condoms for contraception actually use them for every act of intercourse. Further, even people who use condoms every time may not use them correctly. Incorrect use contributes to the possibility that the condom could leak from the base or break. Myth #2: HIV can pass through condoms A commonly held misperception is that latex condoms contain "holes" that allow passage of HIV. Although this may be true for natural membrane condoms, laboratory studies show that intact latex condoms provide a continuous barrier to microorganisms, including HIV, as well as sperm. Myth #3: Condoms frequently break Another area of concern expressed by some is about the quality of latex condoms. Condoms are classified as medical devices and are regulated by the FDA. Every latex condom manufactured in the United States is tested for defects before it is packaged. During the manufacturing process, condoms are double-dipped in latex and undergo stringent quality control procedures. Several studies clearly show that condom breakage rates in this country are less than 2 percent. Most of the breakage is due to incorrect usage rather than poor condom quality. Using oil-based lubricants can weaken latex, causing the condom to break. In addition, condoms can be weakened by exposure to heat or sunlight or by age, or they can be torn by teeth or fingernails. Preventing HIV Infection And Other STDs Recommended Prevention Strategies Abstaining from sexual activity is the most effective HIV prevention strategy. However, for individuals who choose to be sexually active, the following are highly effective: Engaging in sexual activities that do not involve vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse Having intercourse only with one uninfected partner Using latex condoms correctly from start to finish with each act of intercourse Other HIV Prevention Strategies Condoms for Women The FDA recently approved a female condom, which will soon be available in the United States. A limited study of this condom as a contraceptive indicates a failure rate of about 26 percent in 1 year. Although laboratory studies indicate that the device serves as a mechanical barrier to viruses, further clinical research is necessary to determine its effectiveness in preventing transmission of HIV. Spermicides The role of spermicides in preventing HIV infection is uncertain. Condoms lubricated with spermicides are not likely to be more effective than condoms used with other water-based lubricants. Spermicides added to the tip of the condom are also not likely to add protection against HIV. Making Responsible Choices In summary, sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection, are preventable, and individuals have several responsible prevention strategies to choose from. But the effectiveness of each one depends largely on the individual. Those who practice abstinence as a prevention strategy will find it effective only if they always abstain. Similarly, those who choose any of the other recommended prevention strategies, including condoms, will find them highly effective if used correctly and consistently. For further information contact: CDC National AIDS Hotline: 1.800.232.4636 Spanish: 1-800-342-SIDA Deaf: 1-800-324-7889 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention July 30, 1993 ________________________________________ Our thanks to<> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which provided this article to The Body.
aids virus through condoms Oct 1, 2006
Someone stated that the Aids virus is smaller than the pores in latex condoms. So, a person could get aids while wearing a condom during sex. goggle sent me to a site posted by a Right to life group that sounds like they're trying to scare people into abstinance. My common sense and reading your opinion tell me those statements are false and misleading. Is there a definitive study by CDC or real science that covers this subject? I need to print a copy for this guy. Thanks, JC
Response from Dr. Frascino
Google sent you to a Right to Life group that said HIV can pass through "pores" in latex condoms??? Yikes! That means the rightwing religious zealot wing-nuts have taken control of Google!?!? Your "common sense and reading" are absolutely correct. Statements like the ones you read are both "false and misleading." I'd also add dangerous to that list! Check out the two links below for the truth one article is from the American Foundation for AIDS Research and the other is from Planned Parenthood. Both of these articles include references from the published scientific literature rather than gobbledygook fantasies from the Vatican and Bush/Cheney pseudo-science!
Stay informed. Stay safe. Stay well.
Dr. Bob
effective condoms (CONDOMS) Nov 1, 2006
My husband is HIV positive and I am negative. Since his diagnosis nine months ago I have had to have three courses of anti viral drugs due to condoms splitting or comming off inside me. We have tried a variety of different condoms but none seem safe. We are not particulaly rough in bed and I don't need lubricants. surly there is a product out there that will be safe to use. Please help.
Response from Dr. Frascino
Condom failure is an extremely rare occurrence if latex condoms are used properly. First, if condoms are "splitting" or coming off inside you, there may be a problem with the fit. Are you married to a King Kong Dong or a Pee Wee Herman? I'll reprint a post from the archives that addresses the custom-fit condoms.
Next, you report "I don't need lubricants;" however, the condom might. I'd recommend trying plenty of water-based lubricant, whether you fee you need it or not.
Finally, I recommend you and your husband review proper condom usage techniques to avoid condom failures. (See below as well as peruse the information in the archives.)
Stay safe. Stay well.
Dr. Bob
Big schlong comments Jul 11, 2006
Dear Doc,
I thought the comment about the king kong dong was hilarious...
Yet i am a guy with a freakishly large penis, and i thought i'd post a few comments in reply.
Condoms, as most males (and some females) will agree that its a passion reducer.. yes, condoms will expand like 20 times their size, but one thing ur forgetting is that the bigger the schlong, the tighter the condom gets, the more trouble blood has getting into ur big boy and maintaining an erection. no, i dont have ED in any form as i can stay hard without the dreaded rubbers... im assuming ur next question is how big is my member...11 inches long and 8 around the shaft.. Also, one thing that slightly bothered me was ur comment ' never seen one that size on a white boy'. I AM WHITE... ok. ok. Half white half arab. if ur wondering what im doing here commenting the size of my 3rd arm, ill tell you.. ive been scared shitless MANY MANY times experiencing ARS symptoms and turning out negative kuz condoms seem to break almost EVERY SINGLE TIME, and i've become a regular on ur pages, so that if i ever get anything, ill know as much about hiv as i possibly could. ur a great person. best wishes
Response from Dr. Frascino
Hello Big Boy,
11 X 8????? WOWZA! Are you sure you're not Italian??? So I guess instead of joining our "X-Files" (ex-worried wells), we'll have to admit you to our XL Files!
The truth about condoms is that any regular condom will fit any size man, including you, Mr. Big! Fill one with water and you'll see they hold several liters! If your condoms are breaking "every single time," it's probably one of two things:
You are using outdated, inferior-quality raincoats (unlikely).
You aren't using them correctly (very likely). Don't forget you need to pinch at least half an inch at the end of the condom before you roll it on and you must use plenty of water-based lubricant. Remember "lubrication is your friend."
I addressed this topic in a support group recently. To prove that condoms fit even the most well endowed boys, I asked if anyone had a condom handy. As it turns out, they all did! (Guess these HIV support groups are really great places to pick up guys for the night!) Anyway, I took one (unlubricated) and stretched it over my head! No, no that one, the one on my shoulders! (Boy, you certainly have a one-track mind!) Give it a try. It's a neat party trick, although you need to be careful not to rip the condom with your nails. I told the support-group guys that if any of them had a trouser snake bigger than my head, I would . . . well, I won't tell you exactly what I promised, but let's just say I didn't have to deliver.
Getting to your other point: your astronaut doesn't like his spacesuit to be too tight when out on his moon walk. I agree this can be a legitimate concern. If your home entertainment center is feeling too constrained when dressed for action, you can order a "custom wrap job" from Condomania's Web site, condomania.com.
OK, so no more excuses! I expect to see you knight always properly attired in his shining armor prior to going into action!
Stay safe. Stay well, XL-Guy.
I'll repost the question and answer to which you refer below.
Dr. Bob
king kong dong Jul 8, 2006
Dr. Bob,
Met my new boyfriend Rufus on the net. Turns out his penis measurements were in "real" rather than Internet inches! That's never happened to me before. This guy could make King Kong blush with envy. Well he wants to have sex but says condoms don't fit because he's such a big boy. What do you recomend?
Ready, Willing, and hopefully Able Abe
Response from Dr. Frascino
Hello Hopefully Able Abe,
So you met King Kong Schlong Rufus on the Net? Hmmm . . . . Where did you find him, www.massivelyendowedsingles.com???
So, um, Abe, just how big is Rufus? Inquiring minds want to know! Oh never mind. We better not get distracted here or you'll never get your question answered.
Abe, the bottom line here is that you need to protect your, um, bottom line (so to speak). And unless Rufus is so large that even the Lincoln Tunnel would have a tough time accommodating him, condoms will fit. Try Magnum XL. They work for me . . . oops, I mean they should accommodate anything that doesn't belong in a circus freak show.
Just to prove my point. Take one out of its snazzy foil packet and blow it up like a balloon. Once it gets to be 10 times bigger than Rufus's tallywhacker, tie a knot in it and show it to Mr. Big. He won't be able to complain about them not fitting ever again.
Just for laughs, I'll post a few questions from the archives that deal with size, OK?
Stay well. Stay safe, Abe.
Dr. Bob
BIGGER OEM IS BIGGER RISK?? Apr 21, 2006
Dear Dr. Bob,
I ll be brief:
Does having a bigger OEM (one eyed monster) increases your risk of HIV on unprotected sex for both insertive and receptive?
You are doing a great job, you are the best!
Thanks a lot.
Response from Dr. Frascino
Just how much bigger are we talking about here? Like "gosh, I never saw one of those on a white boy before" or "oh my God!!!" or "Zowie, does that thing come with its own zip code?"
Bottom line: size does matter in some things, but not necessarily in HIV risk. Unprotected tiny weenies and giant salamis have the same statistical risks. Of course, the giant salamis may well have more opportunities to get into trouble than those Dick Cheney-sized head-in-the-bushes types.
Stay well, Big Boy.
Dr. Bob
Sex through zipper on pants? Jan 19, 2004
can a guy have sex with you through the zipper on his pants? without unbuttoning them?
Response from Dr. Frascino
What the hell are you talking about? First off, zippers zip and buttons button. Zippers don't unbutton. Next, even if the dude is a pencil-dicked geek, his Mr. Happy just wouldn't fit through a zipped zipper. Right? So tell me, just how small is your boyfriend?
Dr. Bob
Step-by-step guide to using a condom
Open the packet carefully to avoid damaging the condom (jewellery, long fingernails or careless teeth could tear it). The condom comes out rolled up forming a ring which will fit over the cock
Put the condom on after the cock is hard and before any kind of fucking begins
Check the condom is the right way up; you can test with a finger that it rolls out and down
Keep the cock completely free of grease and lubricant for best `holding power'
Squeeze the closed end between the thumb and forefinger to expel the air. Air bubbles can make condoms break
Hold the condom over the tip of the cock and with the other hand carefully unroll it down to the base of the cock. It may help to stretch the condom width-ways in order to ease it down the cock and to ensure that it remains in place once fucking begins. But be careful not to pierce the condom with your fingernails when doing this
If you have a foreskin pull it back before covering the head of the cock with the condom. Don't try to cover the balls with a condom
Smooth the condom to eliminate any air bubbles
Some men withdraw to check the condom, occasionally. If you need more lubrication (and you should use plenty), use more water-based lubricant
Never use two condoms at once. This more is likely to lead to breakage because of rubber rubbing against rubber
If the cock gets soft during fucking the condom may slip. Fingers held round the base of the condom will help it stay put
If the condom does break or slip off during fucking withdraw as soon as you find out! Obviously you will need to use a new one if this happens
A condom is more likely to break if the fuck lasts a long time, (longer than 45 minutes). Consider changing the condom during a long sex session
After coming (ejaculation) withdraw the cock before it becomes soft (otherwise semen could leak out of the condom). To prevent the condom slipping off your cock at this stage, hold it firmly round the base as you withdraw
Throw used condoms away. Dispose of them thoughtfully, e.g. wrapped up in tissue paper and then thrown in the rubbish. They shouldn't be flushed down the loo, since this may cause blockages in sewage disposal, according to water companies
Never use a condom more than once
Never go fucking from one person to another without changing condoms.
Practise and be prepared Practise putting a condom on when you are masturbating on your own. Making it part of your wank will help you to get used to the feel and look of a condom, and can be a turn-on in itself. You can take your time, following instructions step-by-step, so that you know exactly what you are doing. That way, when it comes to using condoms during fucking, you will know what to do.
You can also practise putting a condom on your partner, on a banana or on a dildo. Some people like to put condoms onto their partner's cock during sex, and this is a way of getting used to it. But never fuck with a condom that you have practised with by inflating or stretching. Use a new one instead.
You never know when you will strike lucky. Carry some around with you all the time. Remember that this is not `loose' but responsible behaviour. And leave condoms around your flat - in the bedroom, the bathroom, in fact wherever you have sex at home. They will also advertise the fact that you expect to use condoms when you have sex.


text:
Computer Recycling in Richmond, VA
At Triangle Ecycling, your old computers are refurbished or recycled as part of a free teaching program that prepares high school students for jobs in information technology.
All computers become part of a circle of reduce - reuse - recycle and add valuable STEM education along the way. Repurposed computers are given to local charities, sold locally to bridge the digital divide or online to support the greater good. Your data is guaranteed to be securely destroyed providing your company a social responsibility dividend. All ewaste is processed by an R2/e-Stewards Certified Recycler pursuant to our 0% landfill policy.
We provide every aspect of professional IT Asset Disposition while also allowing clients to partner in supporting our educational mission and give back to their community.
Do you have computers that you want to dispose of responsibly and securely assuring destruction of data on your hard drive? Recycle your old computers and support public schools.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
sjgreen on Family Tree Circles
sort: Date Alphabetical
view: full | list
view: full | list
Journals and Posts
Looking for allied family of John Benjamin Fleming I,II,III of Sumter, South Carolina 1767-1870
Seeking origins in Ireland of Flemings, Walsh, Holmes, Smith, Paul, ca1767, immigrants sailing from probably Larne,Ireland to Charleston, South Carolina. Settlement in mid-South Carolina around Sumter. Presbyterians by religion.
- Displaying 1-1 of 1 Journals
- 1
- of1


text:
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Track:js is an intuitive tool that can be used to track client-side JavaScript errors in production, as well as during development. While there are other products that provide functionality along the same lines, the Track:js tool stands apart in many (good) ways.
Created by Todd Gardner, Eric Brandes and Nick Pelton, Track:js made its official debut in April. The basic version is free, although it has some limitations: 10,000 hits (that is, page loads, not errors) per month and a history limited to 24 hours. The Startup plan costs $30 per month and allows 500,000 hits per month and eight days of history; the Business plan costs $100 per month and allows 10 million hits per month and 15 days of history. An unlimited Enterprise version is also available, with pricing negotiable on a case-by-case basis.
Developers can test out the Business version of Track:js for free for 30 days. To put the tool's features and its API through its paces, we performed hands-on tests on a midsize application, http://thound.org.
Setting our 'sites' on Track:js
Any Javascript developer has his or her eyes open to news about new JS libraries and tools, but when we first spotted a tweet about the new tool we were intrigued.
As JS developers, tracking errors is kind of what we do. Well, OK, that's over-simplistic: Today, we have many good tools at our disposal to help us catch errors as early as possible, starting with test-driven development (Jasmine, Selenium, QUnits, Zombie--likely any JS developer's best friends) and including development tools such as Chrome Dev Tools and Mozilla FireBug.
But what about front-end error tracking after development? Some Web applications have bug reporting tools and bug dictionaries, while others rely on direct feeds from the users. But all of them require that users reconstruct (or try to reconstruct) the sequence of actions and the specific conditions (in a single word, the context) that led to or preceded an error.
Reproducing errors can be very complicated. Users sometimes report far too many or too few details. Or sometimes they omit key elements, such as which browser or browser version they were using when an error occurred. Further, few users are capable of reporting the stack trace at the moment of the failure.
This is where Track:js kicks in. According to the Track:js product Website, the "TrackJS analytics platform captures millions of errors from around the world and aggregates them into meaningful dashboards and reports to help you understand how your app is changing over time. We separate the signal from the noise so you don't have to."
Indeed, based on our tests, most applications will benefit from the use of Track:js. Even the free version will likely help organizations to find hidden bugs during beta testing. However, you'll likely find that you reach 10,000 page loads in a heartbeat, and once your hit-to-error rate drops, this means you won't be able to catch a lot of bugs. Whether you decide to subscribe to a payment plan is a business decision that goes beyond the boundaries of this review. But, we can tell you to consider the cost per bug for your business, the cost for solving each bug, and how this would be influenced by a tracking system. In practice, the bigger your application is and the more complicated your code is, the more a tool like Track:js makes sense.
Getting started
To install Track:js, you add track.js script to your Web page. You can either download the script from the online repository or host it locally. (In the latter case, you need to add a short extra configuration script before loading it.)
Either way, it is crucial that you load this script before any other script in your page; otherwise, you won't be able to perform tracking on your application. Once the script has been added, Track:js starts tracking your application, automatically logging every error to your dashboard.
However, if you stop there you will be missing the best features of this product—most notably, the information logged would be missing the stack trace.
Let's say data will be recorded for console, network activity and visitor events, but only when an error occurs will data relative to the error context be transmitted to Track:js servers.
There are five conditions that trigger the logging process :
Errors, by default, bubble up to the global object, so the stack trace will be lost. However, Track:js provides several other ways to track errors:
- Using try/catch around specific sections of the code, and, when errors happen, notifying your dashboard using window.trackJs.track(err)
For instance:
try {
// do something that could break!
} catch (e) {
trackJs.track(e); //can either pass an actual Error
//object or a string
This is convenient only if you have to repeat it in your code just a few times. Obviously, you can't wrap your whole application in a try catch, because the error, once again, would bubble up from the function where the error happened until it hits the closest try. The stack trace in between would still be lost.
- window.trackJs.attempt(function, [context], [arguments])
/** * Invokes the provided function within a try/catch wrapper * that forwards the error to TrackJS. * * @method attempt * @param {Function} func The function to be invoked. * @param {Object} context The context to invoke the function with. * @param {...} Additional arguments passed to the function. * @returns Output of the function. */ trackJs.attempt(function (message) { throw new Error(message); }, this, "message"); // Error is tracked and rethrown
This method allows developers to run any function inside an artificial, transparent context, catching and tracking errors that might happen. Basically, it's a shortcut for the try/catch above.
- window.trackJs.watch(function, [context])
/** * Returns a wrapped and watched version of the function to automatically * catch any errors that may arise. * * @method watch * @param {Function} func The function to be watched. * @param {Object} context The context to invoke the function with. * @returns Output of the function. */ var wrappedFn = trackJs.watch(function (a, b) { throw new Error(a + b); }, this); wrappedFn("5", "50"); // Error is tracked and rethrown
If you need to call the same function several times, this is your best shot: During our tests, this method enabled us to build a wrapper around our function, save a reference to the wrapper and replace every call to the former function with a call to its watcher.
If we needed to add tracking to an existing application, the modification was very quick: We just named the var containing the reference to the wrapper with the same name the original function had. As mentioned earlier, tracking is completely transparent and will never block your code. (It is worth mentioning that Track:js will disable itself on browsers where it can't run appropriately.)
- window.trackJs.watchAll(object, [string...])
/** * Wrap and watch all of the functions on an object that will * automatically catch any errors that may arise. * * @method watch * @param {Object} obj The object to inspect for functions. */ trackJs.watchAll(myModel);
As a further shortcut, it is possible to track with a single instruction all the methods in an object/module. This is actually very convenient because you can even exclude specific methods that won't be tracked by passing their names as parameters.
It is good to know that by including Track:js in your page, you'll have a good level of certainty that the console object will work properly, regardless of the browser, since it will be replaced by Track:js's wrapper by default.
It is also possible to configure Track:js so that the original console is left untouched. In that case, window.trackJs.log , window.trackJs.debug, and so on will be available to explicitly log messages to your dashboard.
The last 10 console messages (either implicitly or explicitly logged) will be stored and sent to Track:js servers only when an error occurs. This gives developers great control, basically allowing them to create custom events--sort of "watch points"--where you can record information about key variables or notes about your workflow.
Drilling down into Track.js's features
Track:js offers a number of features that will prove useful to developers. These include, but are not limited to:
Dashboard panel
The Dashboard panel is key to the Track.js tool. It provides users with a nice, overall view of activity across the entire website, while at the same time enabling developers to examine specific actions in more detail. The bird's-eye view, however, is very useful and will help developers get a grasp on how a whole project is working.
In the screen shown above, the overall ratio of error per page load (since the project started being monitored) was 12%. However, at the time of testing, there hadn't been any errors in 24 hours--with a reduction rate of 100% in comparison with the day before.
In the second row, the total number of page loads and errors is shown, along with a tracking timeline. The timeline's value increases over, you guessed it, time, as errors caught on different days pile up and aggregate.
The three boxes at the bottom of the page provide error information grouped by browser, by URL and by messages. The way this information is organized is very useful because it highlights hidden patterns and allows developers to work on the most commonly occurring bugs first.
Recent Errors Panel
The "Recent" panel provides a chronological view of errors tracked. Using the search bar in the top-right corner, we could filter errors by keyword, domain and time range. As mentioned earlier, the number of days errors are kept in the database depends on the subscription purchased.
By clicking on any error, the application shows the "error panel," where the specific details of an error are shown:
In the screen above, at right, there are two panels: The top panel tells when an error happened and provides details about the request and environment in which the error happened. The bottom panel provides a list of libraries loaded by the page that triggered the error.
The bigger panel at left shows the timeline for the error, where time "0" coincides, of course, with the moment the page is loaded. At its very top, you can see a summary visualizing the number of user interactions (green), console messages (orange) and http calls (blue). Details about these three categories, and errors, are shown according to their chronological order in the timeline below.
Clicking on the Stack Trace tab, instead, displays the stack trace as captured by the monitoring instructions added to your code.
We ran into one small issue at the time we conducted the review: The stack trace couldn't take advantage of source maps, which will make it a little harder to spot bugs in production code if you minified it (as you should). The Track:js team has confirmed that it is working on source maps support, which will be added in future updates.
As mentioned above, the closer the monitoring code (try/catch, trackJs.attempt or trackJs.watch) is to the point where the error was generated, the more detailed the captured stack trace will be.
To further understand this principle, consider the following example:
function h () {
throw new TypeError();
function f () {
var g = trackJs.watch(f);
When h throws an exception, it bubbles up to and then to g, that will catch and track the error, but the stack trace inside f (in this case the call to h, but in general any stack of untracked calls started inside f), will be lost.
Another thing you should be careful about, especially if you hadn't designed your application knowing from the beginning you'd use Track:js, is that existing try/catch blocks could prevent errors from being tracked: As soon as an exception is caught, in fact, it will stop bubbling up, and if it doesn't reach a tracking instruction, it won't be recorded. A slight modification to previous example helps clarifying the concept:
function h () {
throw new TypeError();
function f () {
try {
} catch (err) {
var g = trackJs.watch(f);
If a rudimentary logging had been used, and the chosen behavior in case of exceptions was simply stopping the execution of your method, the exception would not bubble up any further and would basically go unnoticed. This is the worst-case scenario, and the situation that requires more care and maintenance from developers. Nonetheless, the solution is simple:
function f () { ... try { h(); } catch (err) { trackJs.track(err); return; } ... }
The downside is just that, for legacy code, you'll have to take care of it for every error handling instruction present in the original code.
Finally, on the left side of the Timeline/Stack trace tabs, you'll see a handy menu that lets users add a particular error to the starred list and easily find it later, delete it or delete all similar messages, according to specific criteria.
- Update: version 2.0.0 of Track.js introduced a major upgrade of the JavaScript tracker, that is now a lot more powerful and flexible. Details on these new features are explained in this post on Track.js' blog.
Other panels
Other panels in the tool show various groupings of errors in the database, following all the criteria we saw in the main dashboard (the difference being that in the dashboard only a handful of items is shown for each criterion), plus a few more, like grouping by visitor or by date (which is, however, also shown in the "Errors and Hits Timeline" widget in the main dashboard).
Track.js in context
Track:js is a clean and easy-to-use instrument that promises to make life easier for front-end developers. There are other solutions available, but most are more focused on tracking performance than errors (like Google Analytics) or are not as thorough as Track,js (like New Relic's Qbaka plugin, which is tailored for error handling). With Google Analytics, it is possible to define custom events and use them to track errors (see here), but the result is not, by any means, comparable to the cleanness and usability of Track:js. For example, Google Analytics does not offer grouping, stack traces or user actions.
Other options require much more expensive subscriptions, without free options (Raygun, for example, offers advanced features like GitHub integration).
We have also been impressed by the effort the {Track:js} team is putting into improving its product-- in particular, the features that help customers understand which errors they should get priority and the improvements they are making to the information gathered about stack trace and context for every error.


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Out of the Blue is Oxford's premier all-male a cappella group, and the top a cappella group in the UK by number of championships. You may have seen us from our viral video hits, which have received over 17 million views on YouTube! Comprising students from Oxford University and Oxford Brookes University, Out of the Blue has performed on the West End and on Broadway, reached the semifinals of Britain's Got Talent, and toured around the world to places including Switzerland, Canada, India, Hong Kong, and Japan.
Helen & Douglas House Hospice for Children and Young Adults is a registered hospice charity based in Oxford, UK, and the world's oldest children's hospice. They provide palliative, respite, end-of-life, and bereavement care for children and young adults, and their families. However, they have to raise over 85% of the £5 million needed to run the hospice via voluntary donations. This means they rely heavily on people's goodwill.
Out of the Blue have proudly supported the charity for the last ten years, donating all of our annual profits to them after costs, and regularly visiting the hospice during term time to sing to the families and staff. The support provided there is astonishing and the optimistic tirelessness of all the staff leaves us in awe after every visit. It's a wonderful place and it holds a special place in all our hearts.
We have experience performing in intimate group settings, for stadiums of thousands, and with everything in between! In the past, we performed on Broadway, opened for Wyclef Jean and for Weird Al in Montreal, and put on the highest grossing non-professional show at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe—the largest arts festival in the world. We are one of the UK's few groups to own a live sound system, allowing for large-scale outdoor concerts.
We also love sharing our music with students and adults alike by conducting workshops around the world. We invite participants to join in on our physical, breathing, and vocal warm-ups, conduct a beatboxing tutorial, and then teach them the music and choreography to one of our own songs. On days when we also have a concert that evening, we offer participants the chance to exercise those performance skills by inviting them onstage to perform the song with us!
Please write to our President, Rory, if you'd like to book us for your event, or for workshops.


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John J. Williams PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON THE EVOLUTION OF DOUBLE-ENTRY BOOKKEEPING Abstract: Inquiry into the origin of double entry accounting has typically focused on form as the causal factor. In the present article the arguments supporting this view are reviewed and challenged by developing the substantive framework of double entry accounting in equation form and linking it to the evolution of mathematics in the Arab-Hindu cultures. The article concludes with specific sug-gestions for obtaining empirical evidence which might support the "substantive hypothesis" as the causal factor of double entry accounting. One of the great evolutionary advances in the history of account-ing was the conceptualization of "double-entry" and its subsequent manifestation in form and substance. Accounting historians agree that Paciolo's famous treatise of 1494 represents the first complete synthesis of double-entry bookkeeping in published form.1 Substan-tially less agreement exists in the literature on the underlying stim-uli responsible for the "state of the art" prevailing at the end of the fifteenth century. The methodology employed by accounting researchers in ad-dressing the latter issue is largely inductive and is akin to that of historians in general. By the same token, general observations on the "form" of double-entry bookkeeping as evidence of origin re-quires a deductive approach which is extremely fragile within an historical context. This paper examines, in a brief manner, the ma-jor hypotheses debated in the literature as to the causal factors giving rise to double-entry bookkeeping and offers an alternative explanation in view of the amassed empirical evidence. Writing in 1494, Paciolo explicitly denied any responsibility for the origin of double-entry accounting and asserted that he was merely "writing down the system" which had been in existence for roughly two hundred years in Venice.2 However, Paciolo apparently did express his acknowledgment to one renown mathematician of this era namely Leonardo da Pisa.3 The possible contribution of this medieval scholar and the genesis of his knowledge appear to have been extremely understated and perhaps omitted entirely as a source of first order importance to the development of double-entry


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Thank you for visiting our website! Below you will be able to find the answer to The Quakers of the Ivy League crossword clue which was last seen on LA Times Crossword, September 14 2017. Our site contains over 2.8 million crossword clues in which you can find whatever clue you are looking for. Since you landed on this page then you would like to know the answer to The Quakers of the Ivy League. Without losing anymore time here is the answer for the above mentioned crossword clue:
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|Superhero attire
|Six-footers at parties
|Parakeet quarters
|"You can say that again!"
|St. Paul's architect
|Important fruit in the Mediterranean diet
|Novelist Morrison
|Zaragoza's river
|Harder to come by
|Place to mingle on the slopes?
|Legal deg.
|Big hand measurement: Abbr.
|Gobble (up)
|Octet since 2006
|Shakespearean call to arms
|Misplace a casual top?
|"I saw the opening __ of hell": "Moby-Dick"
|"Straight Outta Compton" role, familiarly
|Word with head or roll
|Take Rover to Ruth's Chris?
|Run things?
|Doone of fiction
|NBA tiebreakers
|Dinosaur family drama?
|Major mess
|Universal donor's type, briefly
|Support person
|One with a strict diet
|Pass the bouncer
|Respond to a charge
|Hearing things
|Singer James
|Subjects of many viral online videos
|Mine, in Marseille
|The Quakers of the Ivy League
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|One-fifth of a limerick
|Art school subj.
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|Relatively safe, as electricity
|Tidal peril during a storm
|More than asks
|Board rm. session
|Bring up
|British racing cars
|Old name of Tokyo
|Bad way to run a ship
|Unit of force
|Low-pressure systems
|Cricket clubs
|Southwestern brick
|Invitation letters
|Scott Turow memoir
|Getting pictures of the Hollywood sign, say
|Nectar flavor
|Menu including Cut and Paste
|"Hercules" character who got her own show
|Drone regulator: Abbr.
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March 31-April 2
Friday 6 and 8 pm; Saturday 5 pm; Sunday noon, 2 pm, and 4 pm
"Lovingly told and gorgeously rendered." Boyd van Hoeij, Hollywood Reporter.
Nominated for a Golden Globe, this stop-motion animated film follows a young blue-haired 9-year-old boy, coming of age in an orphanage where he discovers happiness and learns how to fall in love. Nominated for a 2017 Academy Award.
110 minutes
Magnolia at the Modern is an ongoing series featuring critically acclaimed films. Tickets are $9; $7 for Modern members; $6 for Reel People. The Sunday noon show time is half price. Advance sales begin two hours prior to each show.


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Teaching in Central R-iii
St. Francois County, Missouri
Getting Started in Central R-iii
District Financials
Total District Revenue:$19,293,000
Percent of Revenue from St. Francois County County:38 %
Percent of Revenue from Missouri: 51 %
Percent of Revenue from US: 11 %
Comparing districts in MO (See all Districts in MO)
Largest Districts
- Springfield R Xii
- St Louis City
- Rockwood R Vi
- North Kansas City 74
- Ft Zumwalt R Ii
- Central R Iii
Highest Total Education Expenditure
- Specl Sch Dst St Louis Co
- St Louis City
- Springfield R Xii
- Rockwood R Vi
- Parkway C 2
- Central R Iii
- Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey Data, Common Core of Data (CCD) 2015-16, National Center for Education Statistics, https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/pubschuniv.asp
- Local Education Agency (School District) Finance Survey (F-33) Data, Common Core of Data (CCD) 2013-14, National Center for Education Statistics, https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/f33agency.asp
Teaching Schools in Missouri
- Its Fast Track program enables qualified students to save up to 30% on tuition and graduate up to 30% faster.
- Several CTU degree programs are ranked by U.S. News & World Report for Best Online Programs in 2017.
- Lets students watch, view, read, or hear content through its program, My Unique Student Experience (M.U.S.E.).
- Has additional campus locations near military bases in Colorado Springs and Denver.
- For important information about the educational debt, earnings, and completion rates of students who attended these programs, go to: www.coloradotech.edu/disclosures.
- Online Courses
- Master of Science in Education in Curriculum and Instruction - Intergrated Stem
- Master of Science in Education in Curriculum and Instruction - Gifted, Creative, and Talented Studies Concentration
- Master of Science in Education in Curriculum and Instruction - Mathematics Education Concentration
Founded in 1869 as a land-grant school, the University is known today for its prolific faculty as well as a record of distinguished research and achievement in aerospace, engineering, technology, science, and math.
- Online Courses
- MS in Education - Secondary Education
- MS in Education - Special Education - Master's Only
- MS in Special Education - Special Education and Wilson Reading System Certification
Saint Joseph's University is a comprehensive, regionally accredited university. Our national rankings and AACSB accreditation in the Haub School indicate the high quality of our undergraduate, graduate, and executive programs both online and on campus.
- Online Courses


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Andrea Mann
Andrea Mann is a writer, musician and digital creative living in London
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Scott Shanks never says no. Can he drive his '70 Dodge Challenger on all 1,500 miles of Power Tour® and can we tag along? "Sure!"
Is it OK if he stands around for an hour in the middle of a street waiting for the rain to pass so we can take a photo of his car—on gravel? "Not a problem."
Could he make another autocross pass, and then drag race a Viper, and finish up by turning his expensive 295/40R18 Falken RT615K tires into pavement puddles? "Absolutely."
Of course, when you have a car that will take all that abuse, get 23 mpg, and look this good doing it, you might be inclined to drive it as often as possible, too. Scott and his copilot for the week, son-in-law James Rose, are expert road-trippers. They stop at every Route 66 sign and each scenic background as they weave through middle America with the top down and the soundtrack of a 6.1L Hemi burbling happily through 3-inch exhaust.
This is Scott's second Power Tour® in the Challenger, and he's doing it thanks to Royal Purple. Scott entered Royal Purple's Performance Driving Experience contest, and the online fans of the synthetic oil manufacturer chose his car out of more than 300 entries on the company's Facebook page. Winning the contest meant a Visa card for gas and VIP parking at the shows, so Scott was stoked to hit the road, and we got to ride along. As navigator, James claimed shotgun, which left us sharing the back seat with a tripod and some luggage. When Scott finally puts in the planned rollbar, we'll have to ride in the trunk.
Scott says the best parts of any road trip are the conversation along the way and the freedom to stop and explore. He and James keep a list of funny interactions with passersby, including that Mopar standard, "That thing got a Hemi?" Yes, that's why it has the giant call-outs on the quarter-panels that say "Hemi." You might have seen them.
As locals shouted dumb questions at Scott and James, we enjoyed the thrill of uninterrupted Michigan greenery rushing past. Being in Detroit in a '70s ponycar, about to drive more than 1,000 miles—surely there's no better way to express a love of the automobile. In general, the backseat of an E-body is no luxury ride, but we were impressed with the car's stable road-going manners and ability to handle bumps and potholes along the way. Not only was the Dodge nimble but it was also quick. When we later bullied Scott on to the dragstrip—which didn't require much convincing—the Challenger knocked off a low 13-second pass, and it was definitely traction-limited.
So what's the secret? Why is Scott out there chirping tires across America while most rare muscle cars are entombed in car covers and garages like mummies on wheels? Obviously, it helps to be mechanically inclined. Scott learned how to wrench from his mechanic dad, and that certainly came in handy when he decided to turn his E-body in to a daily driver instead of a Sunday car. He says it's all about building a car with reliability in mind and making use of all the advancements in aftermarket offerings. For this project, that meant a modern drivetrain instead of the carbureted big-block Scott initially planned for the Dodge, but we're getting ahead of ourselves.
Scott's story started many Challenger projects ago. He's owned more than 10 of the Dodge ponycars and says that, while he's occasionally built other models, there's just something about the long, low lines of the Challenger that speak to him. "I don't like to be a 'me-too' guy," Scott says. "I like the racing pedigree of the Chryslers, and I like the unique style of the Challenger. I even like it more than the 'Cuda, although that car is usually more popular."
Preferences for E-bodies aside, Scott was actually building an A-body '68 Barracuda drag car and browsing through the parts collection in a local Kansas drag racer's yard when he spotted the drop-top Challenger in the back of the building where it was acting as a lounge area for a large Great Dane. "I asked the guy what his plans were for the Challenger," Scott says, "and he said, 'What, for the dog house?' He was totally one of those I'm-a'gonna-fix-it-one-day guys." Scott decided he could outwait the big dog, and over the next few years he regularly checked in with the Challenger's owner until the need for a new race trailer finally trumped the man's desire to keep the Dodge. Scott finally had the car.
Once he had the Challenger, an off-hand comment from his wife set him on the path to building a car he could really drive. "I'd had so many projects, and some were fast, and some were pretty but none were really, really good cars," Scott says. "My wife looked at the Challenger and said, 'Why don't you just do one car right?' If she had known what that would involve, she might not have suggested it!"
What "doing it right" meant to Scott was stripping the car completely, media-blasting the body, and sending it over to Universal Collision (UniversalCollision.com) in Tallahassee, Florida, for rust repairs, which included the usual Mopar rot areas: rear quarters, trunk, and a small patch panel in the floor.
While the Challenger was being sprayed with the eye-catching Viper Yellow paint, Scott had a lot of time to think about how to power the big Dodge. Initially, he'd planned to swap out the original 383 big-block for a 440 that he had already built, but a budding interest in handling performance—and the release of the Mopar Performance crate stroker 408—soon had him considering a small-block, and then a small-block with fuel injection. "I would just sit there, mentally plugging in different motors and combinations," Scott says. "Right around the time the car was out of paint, a friend at a dealership got me a warranty-replacement 6.1L Hemi … this was before Chrysler offered the crate 6.1."
With a decision made on the engine, the rest of the car started to fall in to place. Although all the small-block Mopar trans options can be fitted to a Gen III Hemi, Scott saw little point to running a modern engine with an original transmission, so he went to a Tremec T56 six-speed with a 0.50:1 overdrive. To fit the six-speed in the Challenger, the factory tunnel had to be widened 3 inches on the passenger side and raised 11⁄2 inches above. Scott also had to build a custom upper crossmember and lower transmission mount to lock in the larger Tremec, but you wouldn't know from looking at it.
The suspension, rearend, and interior display similar uses of modern options to upgrade the original equipment. Scott ditched the Chrysler torsion-bar front suspension in favor of an adjustable coilover setup in the front and lowered leaf springs in the rear. In order to please all possible passengers, Scott kept the original seats for family drives, but can quickly swap them out for Scat racing buckets, which is what he chose for the competition-heavy Power Tour®. Scott's focus during the Challenger build was on handling. The front end makes use of the Reilly Motorsports AlterKation kit, and Hotchkis lowered leaf springs keep the rear in line.
As we shouted tech questions over the rumble and the rush of the wind—the top was down, natch—we understood why Scott was so amenable to all our requests. The Challenger is fun to drive, and when a car is fun, every excuse to drive it is welcome.
5 Famous Dodge Challengers in Motorsports
Plymouth gets all the glory in '70s Mopar racing history, but the 'Cuda wasn't the only pony on the track.
Sam Posey's #77 Trans Am Challenger: Dodge never saw much success in Trans-Am racing, but the cars looked great in T/A trim.
Dick Landy's Pro Stock Challenger: When he wasn't racing, factory-sponsored Landy headed the Dodge Performance Clinic program at Dodge dealerships across the country.
Leroy Goldstein's Ramchargers Funny Car Challenger: You may not have heard of the "Israeli Rocket," but Goldstein made the first funny car run in the sixes, despite his preference for dragsters.
Brock Yates' Cannonball Run Challenger: Dan Gurney drove a Plymouth AAR Barracuda in Trans Am, but he did get behind the wheel of this Dodge coast-to-coast car in the early '70s.
'71 Indy Pace Car Challenger: They can't all be winners. Unfortunately for Dodge, the Challenger remains in the books as the first (and only) pace car to crash at the Indy 500.
4 Non-Dodge Challengers
Mickey Thompson's land-speed Challenger streamliner: It made MT the first American to run 400 mph back in 1960.
The Intex Challenger: This one's an inflatable boat!
Action Mobil Desert Challenger: Billed as the world's best off-road RV. See ActionMobil.at/.
Damon Challenger motorhome: This even has a similar script to the Dodge, but you can sleep more comfortably inside.
10 Movie Challengers
Can't get enough E-body action? Neither can the folks who cast movie cars. We could name 20 more films featuring Dodge's ponycar.
1] Vanishing Point, 1971
2] Funny Car Summer, 1974
3] Used Cars, 1980
4] Born on the 4th of July, 1989
5] Natural Born Killers, 1994
6] 2 Fast 2 Furious, 2003
7] Death Proof, 2007
8] The Bucket List, 2008
9] The Runaways, 2010
10] In Time, 2011


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Alamos Gold Inc.'s mining operations in Mexico, and exploration activities in Turkey, generate huge volumes of data that need to be transferred to the company's headquarters in Toronto. Alamos was able to avoid the costs of deploying actual servers at each mine site by implementing the Riverbed Granite solution – a Steelhead EX appliance with WAN acceleration, the Virtual Services Platform, and Granite edge virtual server infrastructure. With Steelhead CX appliances and Granite appliances in its data center in Toronto and Steelhead EX appliances in Mexico and Turkey, Alamos Gold found an effective, consolidated approach for deploying IT in distant locations.
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- $796,000 |
- Active |
- Residential |
- 6 Beds |
- 8 Baths |
- 5,847 Sqft |
Stately and charming two story home located on quiet street. Gorgeous, private lot with lush landscaping. Three car, heated garage. Formal Living, Dining, and Family room on main. Abundant natural daylight from newer windows throughout. Gorgeous Master Suite walks out to newly refurbished private deck with enormous closet storage and full & 3/4 bath with heated floors. Wonderful opportunity to call Fairacres "Home". AMA.
NP Dodge Real Estate
East on Underwood to Hackberry Road, left on Hackberry to Burt, Right to Burt. Property on North side of street.
|Main Floor
|Second Floor
|Below Grade
|All Levels
$359,000 | MLS# 21922033 4 Beds | 4 Baths | 3,521 SqFt
Listed Courtesy of: Sandi Downing Real Estate LLC
MLS Provider: GPR
$325,000 | MLS# 21921680 3 Beds | 3 Baths | 2,124 SqFt
Listed Courtesy of: Nebraska Realty Burt St
MLS Provider: GPR
$2,500,000 | MLS# 21901118 5 Beds | 7 Baths | 9,056 SqFt
Listed Courtesy of: NP Dodge RE Sales Inc 108Dodge
MLS Provider: GPR
Listing Agent: Jeffrey Rensch
$1,450,000 | MLS# 21901488 5 Beds | 5 Baths | 4,864 SqFt
Listed Courtesy of: BHHS Ambassador Real Estate
MLS Provider: GPR
$158,000 | MLS# 21924514 2 Beds | 2 Baths | 1,516 SqFt
Listed Courtesy of: BHHS Ambassador Real Estate
MLS Provider: GPR
$1,999,000 | MLS# 21805475 5 Beds | 7 Baths | 6,756 SqFt
Listed Courtesy of: NP Dodge RE Sales Inc 108Dodge
MLS Provider: GPR
Listing Agent: Jeffrey Rensch
Results from this calculator are designed for comparative purposes only, and accuracy is not guaranteed.
At Cobalt Credit Union it's easy to finance your new home. For 70 years we've been serving the local community with outstanding customer service. Whether you are looking to buy or build a home, Cobalt Credit Union has the financing to meet your needs. Purchasing a home is one of the most important financial decisions in your lifetime. Let us help you make an informed decision.
As Omaha's population grew in the mid 1800's trolleys were built for travel north and south of the downtown area. Development of the city itself followed these lines, with city expansion to the west occurring at a much slower rate. During this time villages formed west, northwest and southwest of the city itself, one of them being Fairacres.
Developed with large lots on curvilinear, unpaved streets it had much appeal for Omaha's wealthy population wanting peace and privacy. Large two and three story, architecturally-designed homes with wide setbacks in both front and back were the norm and showcased luxurious gardens and interiors with exquisite furnishings. Today these homes are still considered some of the most beautiful in the city.
Many villages on Omaha's perimeter were annexed in the period between 1915-1917. However, the Fairacres community fought to remain a separate municipality until 1941. Eventually many streets were paved and traffic increased, slightly changing the ambience of the area. In the early 1950's, lots on the northern section of the original plat became the site of more modern homes—particularly large one story ranch styles.
With its proximity to many churches, public and private schools , Elmwood and Memorial Parks, as well as the easy commute to most workplaces in the city, it continues to be a very popular place to live.
This data was last updated on Oct 21, 2019. The data is subject to change or updating at any time without prior notice. All properties are subject to prior sale or withdrawal. The information was provided by members of The Great Plains Regional Multiple Listing Service LLC Internet Data Exchange or members of the Broker Reciprocity program of the Southwest Iowa Association of Realtors (SWIAR) and is copyrighted. Any printout of the information on this website must retain this copyright notice. The data is deemed to be reliable, but should be independently verified as no warranties of any kind, express or implied, are given. The information has been provided for the non-commercial, personal use of consumers for the sole purpose of identifying prospective properties the consumer may be interested in purchasing, and any other use is prohibited. The listing broker representing the seller is identified on each listing.
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Second-year player David Ausberry showed up this year packing on more weight, feeling more like a tight end and ready to compete for the vacancy created by the release of veteran Kevin Boss earlier this offseason.
Offensive coordinator Greg Knapp admits that there's work to be done before he and the other coaches can feel confident about what they have at the tight end position.
However, Knapp and others are confident that Ausberry, Brandon Myers and Richard Gordon are talented enough to step into heightened roles, with Ausberry the leading candidate to assume the starting role.
Here's what Ausberry, a converted wide receiver, had to say during a recent interview following an offseason practice:
How you feeling out there?
Everything feels great. With the new offense, we're making a lot of progress everyday.
Do you feel like you are now really a tight end?
It certainly feels like it, with all the weights were doing and the playbook, it makes you feel like a real tight end.
Did you feel like that last year, or was it a transition year?
I guess you could look at it both ways. I was doing a lot of the same things last year, but now its pretty much hand in dirt. Theres also a lot of formations where I am split out wide and all that, but now it's more about being a real tight end. It feels pretty good.
How much weight have you put on?
265 right now. Last year, I was about 250. at the beginning of the year I was about 245 coming in.
You feel like you have lost any speed?
I don't feel like I lost anything but that just comes with a lot of technique you got to know your opponent and be able to separate from people, and that's what I am trying to do.
Was it easy putting weight on?
It wasn't that hard if you're lifting a lot. That's pretty much what happened. Playing weight, I will probably be down to 258. I am trying to get more muscle in the upper body and trying to stay fit.
Carson Palmer has said nice things about you. Must feel nice to have the quarterback in your corner
It feels great. A vet like Carson, you always want a guy like that in your corner. It helps when you have some sort of relationship with the starting quarterback. You start to feel each other on the field and it helps a lot. I am just blessed to be in this position.
It seem wide open for you? As far as grabbing a starting job?
Yeah, thats what I am trying to do. If I get a chance to get out there, I will get it.
What things have you gotten better at since last year?
Recognizing defensive fronts. Coming from the outside back to the interior, you have to be aware of whats going on in front of you now.
Youre not reading too many safeties now.
Carson said seeing Terrell Owens push himself in offseason workouts (in LA) was good for the young guys. You agree, get a lot out of that?
Yeah, it is good. Somenbody like that, T.O. is a great player and to be in his presence and work out with him, it was great. He was passing on a lot of tips to us young guys


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story mansion, originally uploaded by paul heaston.
I did this sketch last year in Bozeman with the idea that it might someday be used in some form for the benefit of the Friends of the Story Mansion, and now that it has been, I feel free to share it. This took two afternoons of hard work sitting underneath a shady tree and listening to my iPod. I'm actually quite happy with the sketch.