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Lost - 6x07-6x09
I was traveling, and then sick, so I haven't been able to post reviews of the last few Lost episodes. So, I want to do a post to sum up some of my feelings about the series at this point, and my hopes and fears about the rest of the season.
Lost, like a lot of other works that have a fanatically devoted fanbase (think Star Wars or Evangelion), has a lot written about it, but very little objective analysis of the quality of the work. So much of it is centered around the series' internal mythos that more general looks at what does and doesn't work in the storytelling doesn't really happen. With this series, so much of the dialogue centers around what answers we'll get and how new revelations integrate with what we've seen before. It's more of a puzzle approach to criticism, while I feel like the focus on answers excuses some of the series' more basic problems.
To me at least, the show never became frustrating because it didn't reveal answers. If you just want the answers, wait until May and read a Wikipedia page. The show became frustrating, both in the early years, and in this season because it has characters struggling with mysteries and nothing else. The creators are fond of saying that this is really a character based series, but the storytelling doesn't support that. The show has generally been most successful on a conceptual level, and frustrating on a character level, since devices like the flashbacks, or the flash sideways, lead to a notion of character that is inherently contrary to ongoing serial storytelling.
The universe of Lost has always been based around revealing secrets, be it the drawn out revelations about the nature of the island, or the way that the flashbacks ostensibly revealed the true nature of the characters on the island. The problem with that has always been that I feel like most of these people are going to be more affected by being stranded on an island than by the small scale slights that happened to them on the mainland. Characters should grow and change over the course of the series, and that's why the flashbacks were a structural failure. I'd argue the show would have been more interesting if we never saw the flashbacks at all and had to speculate about who the people on island were, or had it revealed in season four when everybody made it back to the main land.
The biggest problem with the flashbacks was the implication that they were a satisfying way to pay off the audience's need for character development, allowing the on island time to focus more on mythology questions. In stereotypical terms, the flashbacks, or current flash sideways, are there for the female or casual viewer who doesn't really care about the island, while the on island stuff, with its action and mythos is for men or more committed viewers. This strict division has reached its apex this year, where most of the characters have no arcs at all on island and the island material is heavily intellectual, with most emotion restricted to the flash sideways.
Now, yes, there's some arcs happening on island. Sawyer's gone through some stuff, as has Smoke Locke and Jack, but other than that, everybody's basically sitting around waiting for stuff to happen. Why not devote some time to giving character arcs to people like Miles and Ben, who haven't done much at all this year. Ben is particularly frustrating since he was the propulsive causal engine for the show in seasons three and four, but hasn't been doing much this year. Take him out of this season, or take Lapidus, Sun, Miles, Ilana and Kate out of this season and what changes? Not too much, and that's not good writing.
This really frustrates me since I felt like season five did a fantastic job of servicing all the characters in a satisfying way, and still progressing the mythology stuff in a way that felt integrated with the emotions of the story. Even something like the love quadrangle issues surrounding the nuke were a bit hackneyed, but gave that story an emotional resonance that led to arguably the most emotional moment in the whole series, Juliet's fall down the hole.
That said, some of the concepts and ideas of the season are amazing, I love the idea behind the Jacob/Man in Black conflict, and the way it resonates with things we've seen throughout the series. It's a great narrative engine to bring all the characters together and lead to a big climax. It's also strange and surreal in a way that TV shows so rarely are.
I really dug the Richard episode, and a lot of the Sawyer episode. But, it's frustrating for me to see no one really analyzing the significant structural and emotional flaws in the series. Character based storytelling can't be just telling a random ten minute story about a different version of the character from the series. Character based storytelling is telling stories that derive from characters doing things, and dealing with the consequences of their actions, and sadly, the on island stuff right now is pretty much the opposite of that.
So, I guess what I want to see is more objective analysis of the structural elements of the series, and the way that the series is dealing with character and emotional issues, rather than reviews that just focus on the answers, or saying the season sucks. With shows like this, with a really committed fan base, it's hard to do that objective analysis, but surely there must be someone else out there feeling the same frustrations with the show as I am, who's still loving elements of the show, but just wishes it could be better.


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What�s on the table for Ramadan? Plenty.
If you were expecting kebabs and more kebabs, think again. Food served during the Islamic observance is as diverse as the Muslim world itself. Ramadan, which lasts one month and began at sundown July 19 this year, focuses on spirituality and inner reflection, with observers fasting from just before sunrise to sunset.
The structure of Ramadan (ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar) is fairly simple. Two main meals are eaten, often with the family and with friends � �suhoor� before dawn, and �iftar� just after sundown. During the day, observers take in nothing � no food or water � although there are exceptions for people who can�t maintain the fast for health or other reasons.
The month ends with Eid-ul-Fitr, sometimes a big feast and other times a more humble affair, where friends and family often get together to share food and celebrate.
Observant Muslims are required to eat food that is �halal,� meaning it meets Islamic dietary guidelines for what is permissible. Other than that, the food served is dictated by culture and preference. And that can vary widely. In Morocco, one might eat lentil soups, in India, curry, and in Indonesia, kolak, a fruit dessert.
One thing just about every Ramadan meal has in common is dates. Most observers break their fast with dates because this is what the prophet Muhammad did. (According to Muslim beliefs, Ramadan is when the Quran, the Muslim scripture, was first revealed to Muhammad.) Observers usually are eager to offer each other dates to break the fast as a gesture of good will and to aid fellow worshippers in breaking the fast.
Another benefit to dates is they�re an excellent way to restore blood sugars.
�Whether you�re from Senegal or Detroit, you�ll try to break your fast with dates,� says Yvonne Maffei, a food writer and recipe developer who publishes the website www.myhalalkitchen.com. �It�s just something Muslims hold very dear.�
Meals often start with a crunchy appetizer, perhaps a samosa in Pakistan or an egg roll in China, then move on to soups; people don�t typically jump into meat dishes, though they likely will be served at some point during the meal.
�Whether you�re Chinese Muslim or American Muslim you�re going to have meat on the table because it�s considered important to feed and nourish your guests. This is a time to show exceptional hospitality to your fasting guests,� says Maffei.
In the United States, food choices are even broader, with traditions from different cultures often finding a place on the same buffet.
�It�s just becoming very interesting as these children of immigrants who�ve come from Muslim countries with different flavor profiles, different preferences � have begun mixing and replacing many foods, doing a lot of fun things and that�s changing the landscape of our table during Ramadan,� says Maffei. �Buffets look very different than they did 10 years ago.�
For Maffei, who is of Italian and Puerto Rican heritage and is married to a man of Mexican and Italian descent, Ramadan means taking old family favorites, like pasta and meatballs, and reworking them.
Since halal, or what is permissible, dictates that no pork or alcohol be in the food, the ground pork in meatballs is replaced with veal and there�s no wine in the sauce.
To someone who�s never tried it, the ritual of Ramadan may sound daunting. It�s hard to go all day without food, let alone water, and the hours are a challenge, too. But at the same time, bonds are formed as observers get on the same schedule of living for a month. �People embrace it, love it,� says Maffei. �Even though it may sound very difficult, I�ve never heard anyone say, �I don�t like Ramadan.� �
A sampling of foods that might be served during Ramadan around the world:
Pakistan: Samosas, chole (chickpea curry), rice with lamb, chicken or goat.
Morocco: Lentil soups, egg rolls
Senegal: Lamb stew
Somalia: Curry puffs, stuffed with meat and vegetables and deep fried
Ethiopia: Doro wat (chicken stew)
Indonesia: Ketupat (rice cooked in coconut leaves)
India: Haleem, a porridge of meat, wheat and lentils; biryanis, rice-based dishes with spices, meat, fish, eggs or vegetables. Also popular in Pakistan and other countries.

subset: commoncrawl


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When Loni Love was in her 20s, her company was undergoing massive layoffs. As an electrical engineer, Love was making a nice salary and had good benefits. But she wasn't happy with her career.
"There were people who had been there for 30 years, and I asked myself, 'Is this something that makes me happy?'" said the 40-year-old Los Angeles-based comic. "I wanted to be laid off and save someone else's job. I had been doing stand-up all along, and now I was free to do it full time. Being good to yourself and not getting too caught up in life goes along with traveling and taking vacations, in my view. You need a good balance to keep you happy."
Love is a regular on programs such as "Chelsea Lately," "E!'s Wildest TV Show Moments," "The Smoking Gun Presents: The World's Dumbest" and "Kickin' It."
Q: What is your favorite vacation destination?
A: I really like Hawaii, especially Maui. It's quiet, lush and green. I try to turn off the phone and relax. If I'm there for a week, maybe I'll check in every two days because the messages will get ridiculous if I don't. I work a lot and travel a lot for work, so when I get a couple days off to just rest, I want to sit back and relax with those little drinks with umbrellas in them.
Q: Where are your favorite weekend getaways?
A: From Los Angeles, Santa Barbara and San Francisco are quick and easy trips. Las Vegas is cheap, fun and quick — and it never closes! For a comedienne, that's the place to be. And Vegas has about the best buffets in the world, so you can eat on a budget if you need to.
Q: What are your favorite hotels?
A: I know a lot of people want to hear about all the high-end hotels, but do you know what hotel chain I really like? I really enjoy staying at the Holiday Inn (holidayinn.com). They remodeled a lot of them so they're really nice, have comfy beds and are economical. It's nice to get a cup of coffee there, and it doesn't break the bank.
Q: Everyone's scared of finding bedbugs in their hotel rooms. Have you seen one yet?
A: Not yet. And I don't worry about them, but I do have my own little ritual. I wipe the place down and try to disinfect everything that I can. I really don't like (hotel) bedspreads! I try to avoid them as much as I can.
Q: When you go away, what are some of your must-have items?
A: If all my luggage was lost, I could get by with a pair of jeans and clean underwear. But I couldn't live without my computer.
Q: What are some of your favorite cities?
A: I love Washington, D.C.; Miami; Detroit; and Virginia Beach.
Q: Where would you like to travel to within the U.S.?
A: I just went to Montana, so I've hit all 50 states.
Q: Where would you like to travel to that you haven't been to yet?
A: I'd really like to travel more outside the United States. I would want to go to Hong Kong. I've been to Ghana, which was a lot more Western than a lot of people think, but I haven't been to Kenya. I really want to go on a safari someday. That'll be my next big trip.
For more from the reporter, visit jaehakim.com.
When Loni Love was in her 20s, her company was undergoing massive layoffs. As an electrical engineer, Love was making a nice salary and had good benefits. But she wasn't happy with her career.


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When a party's guest list includes Gordon Freeman, The Legend of Zelda's Link, and Crono from Chrono Trigger, the chances of striking up a good conversation are pretty slim, even for gaming's most appropriate party crasher.
I prefer the premise to the punch line in the latest video from the folks from Dorkly. There have been countless silent video game heroes over the years, quietly going about the business of saving the world, never asking anything in return. I'd imagine a normal party would be an exercise in frustration for these characters, with all the speaking roles attempting small talk, only to be met with blank stares.
All they want is a pleasant place to hang out and someone to not talk to.


text: Aaliyah Dana Haughton was an American singer, dancer, actress, and model. She was born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in Detroit, Michigan. At the age of 10, she appeared on the television show Star Search and performed in concert alongside Gladys Knight. At age 12, Aaliyah signed with Jive Records and her uncle Barry Hankerson's Blackground Records. Hankerson introduced her to R. Kelly, who became her mentor, as well as lead songwriter and producer of her debut album, Age Ain't Nothing but a Number. The album sold three million copies in the United States and was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. ... more on Wikipedia


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Follow RFF News on your cell phone. Text follow rff to 40404 you will receive txt messages with RFF News
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Chima needs to be taken down a peg! Last night her and Nat turned the tables on him and he served them supper in bed! I'm not kidding they ate steaks and baked potatoes in bed with pilows as their table as if they were queens. Then Chima held court as her minions gathered. I muted it ,, I just couldn't go there and ltaylor is right on
She claims that if someone uses the power and its to change her noms and Russ does not leave she will raise holy hell on production and use foul launguage on live tv! I can't wait! Oh please know what we want you to do Jeff!
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CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – On Saturday, May 1, MIT's four crew teams will take to the Charles River for a full morning of racing, marking the only time this semester that all teams will be competing at home on one day.
The 2000m Charles River Basin sprint course runs approximately from the Charles River Yacht Club upstream to the finish line near MIT's Tang Hall. Spectators are welcome to watch the race from the MIT Boathouse and can also enjoy views of the race from the Harvard (Massachusetts Ave.) bridge or anywhere along the Cambridge side of the river.
Action kicks off when MIT's varsity heavyweight crew will continue its longstanding tradition of racing Wisconsin and Dartmouth for the Admiral Cochrane Cup. Wisconsin is two years removed from a national championship, and Dartmouth has improved a great deal in the last two seasons. The Engineers are coming off a winter and spring beset with injury problems, and will only compete in the varsity eight race at 8:36 a.m. In last year's varsity contest, Wisconsin took first, with MIT one length back and Dartmouth nine seconds behind Tech.
In its only home race of the season, the MIT women's openweight team will compete against its Charles River rivals in the fourth annual Beanpot regatta. Boats from BC, BU, Northeastern, Radcliffe and MIT will face-off in hopes of capturing the Beanpot trophy and banner, given to the winner of the varsity eight race and overall regatta, respectively. Columbia will compete as a guest crew in races that mark one of the final opportunities for teams to affect their seeding at the upcoming Eastern Sprints. In what will be an exciting matchup, the current 14-seed Engineers look to avenge their 1.8-second loss to Boston College (currently seeded 16th) from last year's Beanpot. The varsity eight race is slated for approximately 8:48 a.m., with the awards ceremony on the Boston University dock at 9:20.
Tech's lightweight women will compete in the second annual Muri Cup, with races starting at 9:12 a.m. No. 7-ranked MIT and No. 4 Radcliffe will compete for the cup, which is awarded to the winner of the first varsity eight. This year, No. 1-ranked Wisconsin travels to Cambridge to join the racing. The Muri Cup is named in honor of MIT alumna and Harvard rowing coach Linda Muri, whose achievements as an elite athlete and coach—winning both collegiate and international medals over a nearly twenty year span—merits special recognition. The presentation of the Muri Cup and all that it represents are a great honor bestowed upon the winning crew. This is the final home race of the season for Tech and marks the last home race for four-year senior rowers, Xuefeng Chen, Minna Du, Mindy Du as well as Caroline Lowenthal.
The Lightweight Men will race the University of Delaware, entering the weekend as underdog, ranked No. 11 in the latest USRowing Collegiate National Coaches poll to Delawares No. 7 standing. Last weekend, the Engineers were edged out by No. 10 Columbia and No. 5 Cornell in Ithaca while Delaware is arriving after having been downed by No. 6 Georgetown and No. 3 Navy. Races get under way at 9:24 with the First Varsity race, followed by the First Freshman race at 9:48 and the 2nd Varsity/2nd Freshmen race at 10:12.
After this weekend, all four teams look forward to May 16 and the Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges (EARC) Sprints and Eastern Association of Women's Rowing Colleges (EARWC) Sprints.
MIT Racing Schedule
|Men's Heavyweight
|Women's Openweight
|Women's Lightweight
|Men's Lightweight
|Women's Lightweight
|Second Varsity
|Men's Lightweight
|Women's Lightweight
|Third Varsity
|Men's Lightweight
|Second Varsity/
Second Freshman


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I'm not sure what is meant by "merits of moderation", thus I don't know whether I've discussed it in the past here or not. Can you please clarify this for me?Forum Rules wrote:Any posts discussing the merits of moderation will be removed without warning.
(Is that rule intended to do anything more than just forbid useless complaining/whining?)


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StrSign necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 133 diseños de 33 diseñadores freelance.
Strategic Signs, Inc.
Strategic Signs, Inc. is a new sign company. We design, fabricate, and install all types of signage: banners, monuments, office signs, vehicle wraps, corporate identity signs, etc. The "Strategic" part of our name means that we strategically partner with our clients to more effectively market their brand or communicate their message with signs. Our tagline "Connecting people with signs & graphics" means that our goal is to connect our client to the people they are interested in reaching with their brand/message through signage.
Retail Stores of all types
Corporations, Businesses, Organizations, and Non-Profits
All interested in increasing their brand/message reach through effective signage.
The key concepts that we would like emphasized/reflected in the graphics/logo are: "Signs", "Connecting People, "Strategic", "Competence"
Please include company name, tagline, and graphic in the logo:
Company name: "Strategic Signs, Inc."
Tagline: "Connecting People with Signs & Graphics"
The graphic should compliment the name & tagline but the text should be strong enough to stand on its own.
Logo should be able to be ungrouped into at least 3 separate parts: company name, tagline, and graphic. (We want to be able to edit the company name and tagline in the future)
Horizontal orientation
Colors: we are thinking either blue/white or metallic green/gold, but that's not written in stone – feel free to experiment.
Logo should be available in high resolution vector format for both Print and Web versions
The files we will require are:
• Print file format - .eps (in Full Color and Grayscale versions)
• Web file format - .jpg and layered .psd (RGB)
Please do not use any clip art, stock images, or copyrighted fonts
We will provide as much feedback on the designs as possible. If there is anything else you need to know, please ask. We look forward to working with you.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Anna Kuo necesitaba un nuevo diseño de camiseta y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 411 diseños de 78 diseñadores freelance.
BizTechDay 2010
On September 18th in Seattle, September 24th in New York, October 23rd in San Francisco, 1500+ business icons, renowned thought leaders and inspired entrepreneurs will gather for a conference called BizTechDay.
BizTechDay is a conference where inspiring entrepreneurs share practical business and technology strategies.
Our goal is to inspire, educate, and connect entrepreneur through the power of real-time interaction. Our purpose is to bring the most innovative and practical business and technology ideas and help grow a new generation of entrepreneurs.
Now in our 3rd year, we are very excited to have some amazing presenting attendees joining us:
• Joan Barns - Founder of Gymboree
• Jessica Jackley - Cofounder of Kiva and Profounder
• Naval Ravikant - Investor of Twitter and Cofounder of Venture Hacks
• Seth Godin - Best selling author
• Clay Shirky - Social media theorist
• Ben Huh - Founder of the Cheezburger Network
• Ben Parr - Editor of Mashable
• Megan Casey - Cofounder of Squidoo
• Anita Campbell - Founder of SmallBizTrends.com
And many more! http://www.biztechday.com/2010-speakers/
A worldwide audience of Entrepreneurs.
This project is just the front side of the''BizTechDay 2010 Conference" t-shirt. No back t-shirt design will be needed. I encourage you to be creative — this needs to look unique and cannot look like all other conference t-shirt.
(1) Utilize color "white and orange" only for your design. Please see http://www.biztechday.com/branding-center , and do not use the gray logo (Will be printed on baby blue t-shirts)
(2) Include the title "BizTechDay 2010" and the word, "Rock Star"
*Notice: Use the attachement "BizTechDay" in your design. "DO NOT" change the font. BizTechDay is our brand name.
• No photos or stockphoto
One $300 prize will be awarded to our favorite design and will be worn by the founder of 99Designs!
We will give the winning designer full credit and recognize him/her in front of 1500+ entrepreneurs at the conference! Major name recognition!
P.S. Everyone who participates at the special BizTechDay Conference T-Shirt project will also receive $100 gift certificate to BizTechDay 2010 conference. Just email anna [at] biztechday.com to claim your gift certificate.
Thank you for all your hard work and brain juice! We've attach the last year winning design as an example of an artistic take.


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Norovirus Infection: A Cause for Travelers' Concern?
Many people may not be familiar with the term norovirus, but it's actually a relatively new term for an old disease. The many strains of noroviruses cause a self-limited gastrointestinal illness that many refer to as the "stomach flu." Outbreaks of norovirus infection have also been documented as coming from restaurants, schools, and nursing homes.


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Diaego's Captain Morgan Ambush Effort 'Rums' NFL The Wrong Way
November 13, 2009: The NFL is serious about stopping ambush marketing, since its partners pay a lot of money to gain "official" status. Captain Morgan is equally cavalier about a viral marketing campaign in which it offered to make a charitable donation of $10,000 for every NFL player who struck the "Captain Morgan" pose after a touchdown.
Philadelphia Eagles TE Brent Celek took up the offer on Nov. 8, putting his hands on his hips and raising one leg, ala the Captain Morgan pose made famous in the rum's marketing campaign, after scoring on an 11-yard pass from quarterback Donovan McNabb. But the NFL has since banned the move. The money was going to the Gridiron Greats Assistance Fund, a nonprofit group that aids retired NFL players. Parent company Diageo said it planned to raise the donations to $25,000 for the playoffs and $100,000 in the Super Bowl.
MillerCoors is an official partner of both the NFL and Gridiron Greats, but the NFL said the issue involved was more than protecting its marketing partners.
"The issue is that players are specifically prohibited under our policies from wearing, displaying, promoting or otherwise conveying their support of a commercially identified product during a game while they're on the field," NFL spokesman Greg Aiello told Yahoo! Sports. "Whether it's rum or soft drinks or any other commercial product, that type of promotion is prohibited."
Gridiron Greats, whose board of directors includes Mike Ditka, Gale Sayers, Marv Levy and Jimmy Johnson, has not publicly responded.
Diageo did respond, albeit tongue-in-cheek, which likely won't endear the company to the NFL. "Captain Morgan here. As you know I believe in celebrating legendary times with my fans and my friends and always doing so in a socially responsible manner. I am a man of action, a man of the moment, and I always make fun a priority. And when it comes to football what is more fun than a touchdown? I believe in drinking responsibly, marketing responsibly and helping charities too, but understand my friends at the NFL's perspective. I will continue in my quest for legendary times and ask my fans to do the same."
Figure it mission accomplished for Captain Morgan and Rogers & Cowan, Los Angeles, which handles Captain Morgan promotions, as the ambush and ban has received national attention in the press. It also has brought attention to Gridiron Greats and the plight of retired NFL players.


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Dear Colleagues,
Roy Koch has announced his intent to retire at the end of the 2011-2012 academic year, his 30th at PSU and seventh as provost and vice president for academic affairs.
I am grateful to Roy for his service, and for his commitment to moving several important projects forward this year, including the formation of a strategic enrollment management plan, implementation of an expanded set of faculty ranks, and development of a new budget allocation process.
We will have opportunities in the coming months to celebrate Roy's legacy and accomplishments. Now, however, we must begin the difficult task of finding a suitable candidate to succeed him as provost and chief academic officer.
Executive search firm Isaacson, Miller will assist us in this process. I have asked Jon Fink, vice president, Research and Strategic Partnerships, to chair the search committee.
Search Committee members:
Jackie Balzer, vice president for Enrollment Management and Student Affairs
Talya Bauer, faculty, Business Administration
Donna Bergh, special assistant to the provost, Academic Affairs
Sharon Blanton, associate vice president and chief information officer, OIT
Jim Carlile, adjunct professor, Education
Veronica Dujon, faculty, Sociology
Brandon Harris, chief of staff, ASPSU; student
Cathy LaTourette, associate vice president, Human Resources
Carol Mack, vice provost for Academic Personnel & Leadership Development, Academic Affairs*
Robert Muñoz, faculty, Chicano/Latino Studies and University Studies
Xavier Oberlander, program assistant, Fine and Performing Arts
Adam Rahmlow, president, ASPSU; student
David Robinson, Oregon Health & Science University
Jennifer Ruth, faculty, English
Vivek Shandas, faculty, Urban Studies and Planning
Gwen Shusterman, incoming presiding officer, Faculty Senate; faculty, Chemistry
Ren Su, Dean, Maseeh College of Engineering and Computer Science
Larry Wallack, Dean, College of Urban and Public Affairs
More information will be available in the coming weeks. Again, thanks to Roy for his leadership and service at PSU.
Wim Wiewel, President
* NOTE: An earlier version of this posting incorrectly identified Kevin Reynolds, rather than Carol Mack, as a member of the search committee.


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Effective Date: 8/1/2004
Obsolete Date: 8/1/2006
violation of these rules that raises a substantial question as to that lawyer's honesty, trustworthiness, or fitness as a lawyer in other respects shall initiate proceedings under the North Dakota Rules of Disciplinary Procedure.
(b) A lawyer having knowledge that a judge has committed a violation of the North Dakota Rules of Judicial Conduct that raises a substantial question as to the judge's honesty, trustworthiness, or fitness for judicial office in other respects shall initiate proceedings under the Rules of the North Dakota Judicial Conduct Commission.
(c) This rule does not require disclosure of information protected by Rule 1.6 or information gained by a lawyer or judge while participating as a committee member, peer counselor, or program staff in a lawyer assistance program established under Administrative Rule 49.
Self-regulation of the legal profession requires that members of the profession initiate disciplinary investigation when they know of a violation of these Rules. Lawyers have a similar obligation with respect to judicial misconduct. An apparently isolated violation may indicate a pattern of misconduct that only a disciplinary investigation can uncover. Reporting a violation is especially important where the victim is unlikely to discover the offense.
A report about misconduct is not required where making the report would involve the reporting lawyer in a violation of Rule 1.6.However, a lawyer excused from reporting a violation on that ground should encourage the client to consent to disclosure where prosecution would not substantially prejudice the client's interests.
If a lawyer were obliged to report every violation of these Rules, the failure to report even technical or insubstantial violations would itself be a violation of these Rules. This Rule limits the reporting obligation to those offenses that a self-regulating profession must vigorously endeavor to prevent. A measure of judgment is, therefore, required in complying with the provisions of this Rule. Whether a violation is "substantial" depends on the seriousness of the possible offense and not the quantum of evidence of which the lawyer is aware. Similar considerations apply to the reporting of judicial misconduct.
The duty to report professional misconduct does not apply to a lawyer retained to represent a lawyer whose professional conduct is in question. Such a situation is governed by the rules applicable to the client-lawyer relationship.
Information about a lawyer's or judge's misconduct or fitness may be received by a lawyer in the course of that lawyer's participation in a lawyer assistance program established under Administrative Rule 49. In that circumstance, providing for an exception to the reporting requirements of paragrahps (a) and (b) of this Rule encourages lawyers to seek treatment through such a program. Conversely, without such an exception lawyers may hesitate to seek assistance from the program, which may result in additional harm to their professional careers and additional injury to the welfare of clients and the public. These Rules do not otherwise address the confidentiality of information received by a lawyer or judge participating in a lawyer assistance program. Confidentiality may, however, be imposed by the rules of the program or other law or rule.
Reference: Minutes of the Professional Conduct Subcommittee of the Attorney Standards Committee on 12/13/85 and 01/31/86; Minutes of the Joint Committee on Attorney Standards on 06/11/02, 11/15/02, 02/28/03, 09/25/03, and 11/14/03.


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Chiefs making bold moves under new leadership
KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) — The new group in charge of the Kansas City Chiefs is going right to work, making bold moves to turn around a franchise that went 2-14 last season.
They traded for a new quarterback in Alex Smith. They locked up two of their own in wide receiver Dwayne Bowe and punter Dustin Colquitt. They franchised left tackle Branden Albert and raised some eyebrows by releasing players once thought to be major free-agent signings.
In doing so, new general manager John Dorsey and coach Andy Reid have put their fingerprints on a franchise that has had one winning season in the last six, hasn't won a playoff game since 1993, and hasn't been to the Super Bowl since winning it under Hank Stram in January 1970.
They've also changed the culture of a franchise in a rut.
"All along, I think from an organizational objective, we said we were going to create a plan, develop a plan, and these just happen to be the first details of the plan," said Dorsey, a longtime Packers executive hired in January to replace the fired Scott Pioli.
"We have some talented players on this roster," Dorsey told The Associated Press this week. "We've been able to retain them, and it made sense from an organizational standpoint. This was the way we felt it made sense to move forward to the next phase of the plan."
That phase begins in earnest Tuesday with the start of the new league year.
The Chiefs will finally be able to announce their trade with San Francisco for Smith, whom Dorsey and Reid undoubtedly believe can shore up the quarterback position. They will also dive head-long into free agency, where they'll attempt to fill several areas of need, and then finish their preparations for the April draft, where they have the No. 1 overall pick for the first time.
There's also a decision to be made about quarterback Matt Cassel, who is almost certain to be released with Smith coming on board, and perhaps a couple other veterans on the roster.
It's a busy time for Dorsey and Reid in the offices at One Arrowhead Drive, but the gregarious Dorsey laughs about the flurry of moves and points out, "It's always a busy time."
"I mean, part of this movement was from a philosophical belief that has been ingrained in me," said Dorsey, who learned his trade under Packers executives Mike Holmgren and Ted Thompson.
"Winning organizations do moves like this, and what that does is it makes players realize that these guys are true to their word," Dorsey said. "If we play and do what we're supposed to do, at the end of the day, they're going to give us what our just due is."
In some ways, that viewpoint also was held by Pioli, his predecessor.
In the past few years, the Chiefs have reached long-term deals with linebackers Tamba Hali and Derrick Johnson, running back Jamaal Charles, safety Eric Berry and cornerback Brandon Flowers.
But the speed and conviction with which Dorsey and Reid retained Bowe, who signed a five-year, $56 million contract, and Colquitt, whose five-year, $18.75 million deal makes him the NFL's best-paid punter, sent a message that the Chiefs intend to be serious players in the market.
"I'm very blessed to be a member of the Kansas City Chiefs," said Bowe, who at times had clashed with the Chiefs' previous regime. "I'm looking forward to working with John and Coach Reid in the near future, (and) I'm excited to continue my career with the Chiefs."
The signing of Bowe and Colquitt allowed the Chiefs to use the franchise tag on Albert, one of the league's premier offensive tackles. He'll make $9.83 million if he plays under the tag this season, though Dorsey said negotiations on a long-term deal are ongoing.
How did Kansas City pay for all these moves?
It freed up some money by releasing wide receiver Steve Breaston and starting right tackle Eric Winston, and then restructured the contract of defensive end Tyson Jackson, who essentially agreed to a pay cut from $14.72 million to a base salary of $4.2 million this season.
"Every organization would like to have a degree of flexibility," Dorsey said. "Part of the thinking, the process, is to have the ability to give us options, so we can go into these different phases when the new league year starts ... and have the flexibility to do different things."
The overhaul of the Chiefs has certainly captured attention around the league, and raised questions, too: How did they do all that so quickly? And what are they going to do next?
"Obviously, it was very important for them to start off quickly," said former Chiefs coach Herm Edwards, now an NFL analyst for ESPN. "John's a good football man, and he worked with Andy in Green Bay, so they were able to get on the same page pretty fast."
The maneuvering has caused quite a stir in Kansas City, where most years, fans have turned their attention to March Madness or the Kansas City Royals, with the Chiefs merely an afterthought.
Shortly after Reid was hired, he arrived on a private plane at the city's downtown airport, and helicopters from local TV stations tracked him driving to Arrowhead Stadium. Hundreds of reporters converged for introductory news conferences for him and Dorsey, and talk of the Chiefs — what they might do in the draft, or in free agency — has dominated sports talk radio.
New season-ticket sales are up 112 percent over this time last year, according to figures provided to the AP on Friday. Season renewals are also up 5 percent over last year, and the Chiefs are on pace to have their best renewal since coming off their 2010 playoff season.
Invoices were sent out to fans Jan. 7, three days after Reid was hired to replace the fired Romeo Crennel as coach, and five days before Dorsey was hired as GM.
The excitement is gratifying, of course, even if Dorsey seems unfazed by it.
As a player for the Packers, and as a longtime scout, it's only natural he prefers to keep his thoughts focused exclusively on what can best help the Chiefs be successful.
That means finding the best players available and keeping those already on the team.
In short, exactly what he's done the past couple weeks.
"The only thing important in my eyes is acquiring the best talent I can for this organization, so we can stack up the most W's as possible," he said. "That's the way I go about it, and the way I view things. My sole responsibility is to get players here. That's what I do."


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Libyan leader Moamer Kadhafi, on the second day of a visit to Burkina Faso, Wednesday called the capital Ouagadougou a "city of liberators" after the OAU decided in June 1998 to lift the embargo on his country.
"You deserve to be called liberators, and the country of liberation," Kadhafi told a crowd of nearly 30,000 assembled in the city's largest stadium, describing the embargo as "oppression of the little people."
"We are not against the force of law, we are against the law of force," he added.
Burkina Faso's President Blaise Compaore praised "revolutionary Libya, fighting for the major interest of Africa."
Kadhafi made a plea for his idea of African unity, declaring: "If you want happiness and strength, unite."
He asked: "Why couldn't the standard of living of Blaise Compaore's daughter become the same as that of Bill Clinton's daughter?"
The Libyan leader, who arrived by road on Tuesday from Niger, was to head Thursday to the border with Benin and the hunting station of Yeryanga, 290 kilometers (180 miles) south east of Ouagadougou.
After his 72-hour visit to Burkina Faso he will go on to Benin. He will then take part in a summit of the Organization of African Unity in Lome, Togo from July 10 to 12 -- OUAGADOUGOU (AFP)
© 2000 Al Bawaba (www.albawaba.com)


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PSU Naimuma Powwow T-shirt Design Contest
United Indian Students in Higher Education Theme: Native American Inspiration
The Winning Design Will Be Featured at the PSU Powwow and a Gift Card to an Art Store
Open to ALL Students:Due April 04, 1pm
Email Your Design to: email@example.com
T-SHIRT DESIGN CRITERIA: We ask the the T-shirt artwork reflect, but not limited to, Urban Native American Community in Portland, Higher Education, Sustainability, Traditional Medicines, Revitalization and more that can be best captured in art. The artwork must be appropriate and of original content. Please do not incorporate copyrighted material. You are limited to 1-2 colors. This artwork will be used for PSU Naimuma 2012 Powwow (May be displayed in Powwow Program, fliers, posters, etc.).
Please submit your artwork with high resolution quality as a jpg. For more information, please contact: UISHE Office at 503-725-5671 or email firstname.lastname@example.com


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Halloween Makeup Ideas and Crazy Runway Beauty Looks
Halloween Makeup Ideas Stolen Straight From the Runway
Vivienne Westwood Fall 2011
>> While everybody loves a little Fashion Week makeup theatricality, for most people, the vivid red eyebrows, foiled gold eyelids, and glittery black lips spotted on the catwalks don't really work in real life. However, if there's one time of year to glean inspiration from outrageous runway beauty looks, it's definitely now. We've gathered up some of our favorite wild — and in some cases, totally creepy — makeup ideas straight from the runways; some of these looks are so extreme, you may not need a costume at all. Click through for lots of Halloween-perfect beauty inspiration — and the tools to help you get the looks — all here, in the slideshow.


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(1964- )
The son of Hereditary Chief George Hunt and Mary Hunt, Tom D. Hunt is a member of the Kwakwaka'wakw Nation who was born in Victoria in 1964. Tom began apprenticing in Kwakwaka'wakw art with his father at the age of twelve and later worked with his brother George Hunt Jr. When entering his teenage years Tom spent several summers in Campbell River working with his maternal grandfather the late Sam Henderson. During that stage of his development of Kwakwaka'wakw art style, Tom learned the artistic style of the 'Nakwaxda'xw Nation (Blunden Harbour).
Spirit Wrestler Gallery
101-1669 West 3rd Ave.
Vancouver, BC
Canada V6J 1K1
Toll Free: 1-888-669-8813
Phone: 604-669-8813
one block West of the Granville Island gates
Between Pine St. and Fir St.
Tuesday to Saturday, open 10-5
Sunday and Holidays, open 12-5
© 2019 Spirit Wrestler Gallery. All Rights Reserved.


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HAMDEN, Conn.—Kyleigh Keating tallied two goals to help the Harvard field hockey team rally to tie twice, but Amanda Danziger scored with five seconds remaining in regulation to give Quinnipiac a 4-3 win against the Crimson Sunday afternoon at the QU Field Hockey & Lacrosse Turf Field.
"It was as an awesome game, and we bounced back twice," said Harvard head coach Sue Caples. "The loss was gut-wrenching, but there were a lot of positives. We feel good about the way we played. We played our best game so far; now we just need to play it for 70 minutes."
The Bobcats appeared to be in control with goals by Cunniff and McCreedy following penalty corners in the fifth and 25th minutes of the first half, respectively. Keating and Painter, however, evened the score before halftime with goals just 29 seconds apart. A Dickson pass set up Keating's goal.
Jess Rusin put Quinnipiac back on top at the 42:48 mark. Tassopoulos stopped her first shot on a breakaway, but Rusin shot the rebound over the Harvard goalie and into the cage. Keating again rallied the Crimson, netting a beautiful goal at 61:22. Wahl sent the ball to the far post, where Keating tipped it in as she was being knocked to the ground.


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|Return to Makefile CVS log
|Up to [cvs.NetBSD.org] / src
|File: [cvs.NetBSD.org] / src / Makefile (download)
Revision 1.139, Fri Oct 19 14:17:52 2001 UTC (18 years ago) by tv
Add a couple more shortcut rules for the "tools" subdir to prevent recursion.
# $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.139 2001/10/19 14:17:52 tv Exp $ # This is the top-level makefile for building NetBSD. For an outline of # how to build a snapshot or release, as well as other release engineering # information, see http://www.netbsd.org/developers/releng/index.html # # Not everything you can set or do is documented in this makefile. In # particular, you should review the files in /usr/share/mk (especially # bsd.README) for general information on building programs and writing # Makefiles within this structure, and see the comments in src/etc/Makefile # for further information on installation and release set options. # # Variables listed below can be set on the make command line (highest # priority), in /etc/mk.conf (middle priority), or in the environment # (lowest priority). # # Variables: # DESTDIR is the target directory for installation of the compiled # software. It defaults to /. Note that programs are built against # libraries installed in DESTDIR. # MKMAN, if set to `no', will prevent building of manual pages. # MKOBJDIRS, if not set to `no', will build object directories at # an appropriate point in a build. # MKSHARE, if set to `no', will prevent building and installing # anything in /usr/share. # NBUILDJOBS is the number of jobs to start in parallel during a # `make build'. It defaults to 1. # UPDATE, if defined, will avoid a `make cleandir' at the start of # `make build', as well as having the effects listed in # /usr/share/mk/bsd.README. # NOCLEANDIR, if defined, will avoid a `make cleandir' at the start # of the `make build'. # NOINCLUDES will avoid the `make includes' usually done by `make build'. # # Targets: # build: # Builds a full release of NetBSD in DESTDIR. If BUILD_DONE is # set, this is an empty target. # release: # Does a `make build,' and then tars up the DESTDIR files # into RELEASEDIR, in release(7) format. (See etc/Makefile for # more information on this.) # regression-tests: # Runs the regression tests in "regress" on this host. # # Targets invoked by `make build,' in order: # obj: creates object directories. # cleandir: cleans the tree. # do-make-tools: builds host toolchain. # do-distrib-dirs: creates the distribution directories. # includes: installs include files. # do-build: builds and installs the entire system. .include "${.CURDIR}/share/mk/bsd.own.mk" # Sanity check: make sure that "make build" is not invoked simultaneously # with a standard recursive target. .if make(build) || make(release) || make(snapshot) .for targ in ${TARGETS:Nobj:Ncleandir} .if make(${targ}) && !target(.BEGIN) .BEGIN: @echo 'BUILD ABORTED: "make build" and "make ${targ}" are mutually exclusive.' @false .endif .endfor .endif .if defined(NBUILDJOBS) _J= -j${NBUILDJOBS} .endif .if ${USETOOLS} == "yes" _SUBDIR+= tools .endif _SUBDIR+= lib include gnu bin games libexec sbin usr.bin \ usr.sbin share sys etc distrib regress # Weed out directories that don't exist. .for dir in ${_SUBDIR} .if exists(${dir}/Makefile) SUBDIR+= ${dir} .endif .endfor .if exists(regress) regression-tests: @echo Running regression tests... @cd ${.CURDIR}/regress && ${MAKE} ${_M} regress .endif .if ${MKMAN} != "no" afterinstall: whatis.db whatis.db: cd ${.CURDIR}/share/man && ${MAKE} ${_M} makedb .endif # Targets (in order!) called by "make build". .if ${MKOBJDIRS:Uno} != "no" BUILDTARGETS+= obj .endif .if !defined(UPDATE) && !defined(NOCLEANDIR) BUILDTARGETS+= cleandir .endif .if ${USETOOLS} == "yes" BUILDTARGETS+= do-make-tools .endif .if !defined(NODISTRIBDIRS) BUILDTARGETS+= do-distrib-dirs .endif .if !defined(NOINCLUDES) BUILDTARGETS+= includes .endif BUILDTARGETS+= do-build # Enforce proper ordering of some rules. .ORDER: ${BUILDTARGETS} includes-lib: includes-include includes-sys includes-gnu: includes-lib # Build the system and install into DESTDIR. build: .if defined(BUILD_DONE) @echo "Build already installed into ${DESTDIR}" .else @echo -n "Build started at: " && date @${MAKE} ${_J} ${_M} ${BUILDTARGETS} @echo -n "Build finished at: " && date .endif # Build a release or snapshot (implies "make build"). release snapshot: build cd ${.CURDIR}/etc && ${MAKE} ${_M} INSTALL_DONE=1 release # Special components of the "make build" process. do-make-tools: cd ${.CURDIR}/tools && ${MAKE} ${_M} build do-distrib-dirs: cd ${.CURDIR}/etc && ${MAKE} ${_M} DESTDIR=${DESTDIR} distrib-dirs do-build: .for dir in lib/csu lib gnu/lib .for targ in dependall install cd ${.CURDIR}/${dir} && \ ${MAKE} ${_M} ${_J} MKSHARE=no MKLINT=no ${targ} .endfor .endfor ${MAKE} ${_M} ${_J} dependall ${MAKE} ${_M} ${_J} install # Speedup stubs for some subtrees that don't need to run these rules. # (Tells <bsd.subdir.mk> not to recurse for them.) includes-bin includes-games includes-libexec includes-regress \ includes-sbin includes-usr.sbin includes-tools \ dependall-tools depend-tools all-tools install-tools install-regress: @true .include "${.CURDIR}/share/mk/bsd.subdir.mk" _M:= -m ${.CURDIR}/share/mk


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Europa, based in Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom, is one of the largest privately-owned facilities management groups offering clients a fully integrated range of management and delivery of services across utilities, public, corporate and retail sectors throughout the U.K. Operations throughout the United Kingdom have grown to employ around 1,500 people. Europa has made the transition from single service provision to the delivery of a range of services and the management of sub-contractors on behalf of its growing clientele.
For more information visit: http://www.europa-services.co.uk/


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Anything that comes from the kitchen is full of heart and that's why food gifts are always a hit around the holidays. Here's our round up of edible (and drinkable) hostess gifts that will guarantee you an invitation to next year's party.
First there were cookies in a jar, now it's all about soup in a jar. Fill jars with dry ingredients and spices. Lentil soup works great and is the perfect gift to keep your host warm through winter.
We found great jars at Cost Plus World Market. Don't forget the coupon code for 10% off.
Make a big batch of spiced nuts and you'll have hostess gifts for all your holiday parties. Use spices like cinnamon, cayenne, cumin and chili powder. Using olive oil rather than butter may extend your shelf life.
Even if you're not a baker, you can handle chocolate dipped pretzels. Dip pretzel rods in melted chocolate, then sprinkle with your favorite candies or décor.
Wilton: Save 10% off candy melt
Bring a cookie or cupcake decorating kit for the kids. Bake a batch of plain sugar cookies or cupcakes, then load up a basket with frosting, sprinkles and other décor.
Save $1.50 off two packages Pillsbury Refrigerated Cookie Dough
Save $0.75 off two Better Crocker mixes
If your host has dinner covered, then why don't you handle tomorrow's breakfast? A lot of dishes can be made the night before like quiche, French toast casserole, or yogurt parfaits in a jar.
Wine is often a go-to hostess gift. Here are three ways to give a bottle that's anything but ordinary:
Make a personalized wine label. You can order custom labels online or purchase label templates from an office supply store and print your own. Find these beautiful labels on Etsy.
Turn your bottle into a turkey. All you need for this project are a few fall leaves, construction paper, and wiggle eyes.
Choose a bottle that gives back. The band, Train, started Save Me, San Francisco Wine Co. All profits go to Family House, which provides housing for families while their children are treated at UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital. Bonus Gift: They also sell gourmet chocolates from Ghirardelli.
Not in the DIY or cooking mood? Use one of these codes to send a gift basket, baked goods, or other holiday treat sure to delight your hosts.
Coupon codes:
Shari's Berries: Save 20% off $29+ with coupon code HUGEDEAL. Exp. 11/30
Harry & David: Printable coupon: Save 25% off one item in-stores. Exp. 12/24
1-800-Baskets.com: Save 15% off select gift baskets with coupon code GIFTBASKETS15. Exp. 11/30
Edible Arrangements: Save $5 off with coupon code ENTB1215. Exp. 1/14
Cafe Britt: Save 10% off 6+ gourmet products with coupon code BRITTCOUPONS. Exp. 1/31


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UPS Battery
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UPS Battery
Everyone should have back-up batteries, especially for your home security system. Here at HomeSecurityStore.com, our UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) Batteries serve more than one purpose so you can get all that you pay for. The batteries you currently own probably seem like enough, but think about the absolute failsafe plan. Being prepared and insured is always a great investment, especially if you like to say "I told ya so."
UPS Batteries will work to charge numerous amounts of household devices and even motorized goods that require a battery, but they are extremely beneficial for your home or business security camera systems, DVRs, alarm systems, computer towers and other electronics. They protect against the fear of loss of data or product malfunction due to loss of electricity. Our batteries differ in life span and power for your convenience.
Electricity, like gas, food and water is not guaranteed. It can be lost in the ferocity of a powerful storm or the shake of an earthquake. What happens when it fails? The great thing about our stock of UPS batteries is that they all weigh less than 40 pounds and some of them weigh less than 5, which means even if you have to take them on-the-go, you can.
The initial intention of owning one of our UPS batteries is a back-up plan for your home security or surveillance system, but think about the power you can supply to most of the products you own. Power up, even in the most treacherous of conditions with HomeSecurityStore.com's selection of UPS batteries.
Minimal Price: $24.95


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Feb. 24--The strain of bacteria that caused a fatal outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in the Veterans Affairs hospital in Oakland is "almost identical" to the bug that caused a lethal outbreak there more than 30 years ago, according to documents obtained by the Tribune-Review.
The Legionella bacteria, linked to five deaths and possibly a sixth, might have survived in the water system at the University Drive hospital since 1982 despite decades of hot-water flushes, cycles of chemical disinfectant and the installation of a copper-silver ionization system designed to kill it, according to a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report issued in January.
Bacteria that the CDC found in October when investigating the most recent outbreak match five of seven genes with the 1982 bacteria.
"This indicates the Legionella found in the hospital in 1982 is almost identical to the Legionella found in this outbreak, suggesting that the pathogenic strain may have persisted in the hospital's water system for many years," the CDC said.
Layers of slime and calcium in pipes could shelter the bacteria, said Janet Stout, a microbiologist who worked on the research team that responded to the 1982 outbreak.
"It's never completely killed because, as you can imagine, a water distribution system has many pipes, many sections" that disinfecting treatments might not reach, said Stout, who later worked in the VA Oakland pathogens lab before it was abruptly closed.
VA spokesman David Cowgill declined to comment, citing "pending investigations and legal claims."
The VA Inspector General's Office and a subcommittee under the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs are separately reviewing the outbreak. U.S. Attorney David J. Hickton in Pittsburgh pledged to look into it when the inspector general's report is completed in March.
The family of veteran William E. Nicklas of Hampton said it plans to sue the VA. Nicklas, 87, died of Legionnaires' disease in November in the Oakland hospital.
The recent outbreak in the VA's Oakland and O'Hara facilities sickened as many as 21 patients from January 2011 through October 2012. Five of them died within 30 days of testing positive for Legionnaires' disease, an acute respiratory infection.
Another veteran infected with Legionella died in January in the Oakland hospital, but tests have yet to show where the patient contracted the bacteria.
The CDC did not test the water in the VA's H.J. Heinz campus in O'Hara. Asked whether Legionella found in the VA Butler facility's water in December were the same strain as that which caused the Oakland outbreak, the CDC referred questions to the Butler VA.
Amanda Kurtz, spokeswoman for the Butler VA, said she was "checking on the answer" on Friday afternoon but did not later respond.
The previous outbreak in VA Oakland occurred during a three-year period ending in 1982, when the hospital diagnosed about 100 cases of Legionnaires' disease -- 30 percent of them fatal, Stout said.
Dr. Victor Yu led the 1982 research team for the VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, which fired him in 2006. The VA should have known this strain lurked in its water system and done more to monitor it, Yu said.
"We know that it will come back if we don't monitor it," Yu told the Trib. "They should've monitored, but they didn't, and that's the whole scandal -- but you already know that."
Epidemiologists say it's not surprising that the bacteria strain survived for so long in the hospital's water system. What sets this strain apart, however, is the key role it played 30 years ago in helping scientists learn how to detect and prevent outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease.
From the disease's discovery -- as a result of a 1976 outbreak in the Bellevue-Stratford hotel in Philadelphia -- until the 1982 study of the outbreak in the VA in Oakland, doctors believed mist from building cooling towers was the primary culprit in spreading Legionnaires' disease, Stout said.
In Pittsburgh, though, the disease occurred year-round, even when air conditioning was not in use. Yu, Stout and other Pittsburgh VA researchers tied the infections to the Oakland hospital's water system, Stout said.
"It was a game changer," said Stout, who left the VA six years ago to co-found with Yu the Special Pathogens Laboratory, Uptown.
Because of the 1982 study by the Pittsburgh VA researchers, doctors look first to water systems when testing and preventing Legionnaires' disease, she said.
Dr. Lauri Hicks, a CDC epidemiologist, said the bacterium in the recent outbreak could be considered a "granddaughter or grandson" of the 1982 strain. The CDC has not seen this strain elsewhere, Hicks said.
"That was very important because it was very clear, given what we had from the patients and what we had from the environment, that this was a health care-associated outbreak. We have not investigated other outbreaks with that same strain," Hicks said.
Dr. Ronald Voorhees, acting chief of the Allegheny County Health Department, said the recent outbreak in the Oakland VA points to the need for national standards to monitor and treat water-distribution systems in health care facilities.
"Unfortunately, there's not a national standard to say, 'This is what you should do to minimize the problem,' " Voorhees said. "People are trying different methods, and different methods are going to have different requirements."
Legionella bacteria tend to survive in pipes, trapped in thin layers of micro-organisms called biofilms, he said.
"It's there, and it will re-establish itself, which is why treatments either have to be continuous or periodic to try to knock it back down," Voorhees said. "But you never completely get rid of it."
Because of that, hospitals that experience Legionella outbreaks should step up surveillance and testing, according to an August 2005 paper in the American Journal of Infection Control co-authored by the late Allegheny County Health Department Chief Bruce Dixon, who died on Wednesday.
In his last interview with the Trib on Feb. 13, Dixon advocated aggressive monitoring for Legionella, including testing hospital water systems, even if the disease was not identified in patients.
"They tried to minimize and obfuscate the problem," Dixon said of the Pittsburgh VA system. "If I were associated with the VA, I'd be embarrassed as to what came out."
Adam Smeltz, Luis Fabregas and Mike Wereschagin are Trib Total Media staff writers. Reach Smeltzat 412-380-5676 or email@example.com Fabregas at 412-320-7998 email@example.com. Reach Wereschaginat 412-320-7900 or email@example.com. Staff writer Lou Kilzer contributed to this report.


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What's your best advice for a mom struggling with cooking for children with food allergies?
The most important thing is not to give up. I have cooked so many terrible meals but after a year or two of really exploring new foods and new recipes, I have started to whip up some pretty delicious top 8 allergen-free meals and desserts (no milk, egg, wheat, soy, peanut, tree nuts, fish or shellfish). You will need to do some investing in the right tools as well, for example, a high quality baking sheet and a mixer. You will also want to buy a few cookbooks. I like Colette Martin's new book as well as Cybele Pascal. Follow some allergy-free cooks/bakers on-line, some of these communities are great. Don't be afraid to fail. Try new replacements, experiment. Then when you get something right, share it with all of us!
I am actually writing an article for Allergic Living due out in December about my reluctant transition from reservation-maker to home chef! Look for it!


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Secure Communities and Privacy
Latest News
- End of DACA Program Poses Privacy Risks to Dreamers: The recent Department of Homeland Security memo rescinding the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program creates new privacy risks for at least 800,000 individuals. At issue is the personal data provided to DHS by DACA applicants. In the 2012 Privacy Impact Assessment, the DHS stated that personal data would be "protected from disclosure to ICE and CBP for the purpose of immigration enforcement proceedings." Now that the program is set to expire, the personal data provided by DACA applicants is at risk of use for unauthorized purposes, implicating the federal Privacy Act. EPIC has long supported vigorous enforcement of the federal Privacy Act and opposed efforts that target individuals in immigrant communities. (Sep. 20, 2017)
- EPIC Joins Coalition to Urge FOIA Compliance on Immigration Enforcement: EPIC joined a coalition of civil society organizations to urge the Immigration and Customs Enforcement to comply with the Freedom of Information Act. The letter to DHS Secretary Kelly calls upon the federal agency to "fully disclose information on immigration enforcement cooperation between federal and non-federal law enforcement agencies." EPIC previously received documents through a Freedom of Information Act Request about DHS's immigration enforcement practices. The documents obtained by EPIC detail the "Priorities Enforcement Program," a controversial program that relied on biometric data collection for immigration enforcement. (Apr. 25, 2017)
- White House to End Controversial "Secure Communities" Program: President Obama's executive action on immigration will end the "Secure Communities" program. Secure Communities is a controversial deportation program that relies on extensive data collection and biometric identification. Many states, including Illinois, New York, and Massachusetts, withdrew from the Homeland Security program, warning that it undermined public safety and encouraged racial profiling. Secure Communities will be replaced by the Priority Enforcement Program, a targeted program that will focus on removing convicted criminals. EPIC, joined by a coalition of 70 organizations, previously urged the Inspector General of the Department of Justice to review the Secure Communities program. For more information, see EPIC: Secure Communities and Privacy; See also TRAC: Immigration. (Nov. 24, 2014)
- 2013 Federal Budget Limits Body Scanners, But Expands Domestic Surveillance: According to White House budget documents and the Congressional Testimony of Secretary Napolitano, DHS will not purchase any new airport body scanners in 2013. However, the agency will expand a wide range of programs for monitoring and tracking individuals within the United States. This includes the development of biometric identification techniques for programs such as Secure Communities. DHS will also seek funding for "Einstein 3," a network intrusion detection program that enables surveillance of private networks. EPIC has urged the DHS to comply with the requirements of the federal Privacy Act, and is currently pursuing several Freedom of Information Act lawsuits against the agency. For more information see, EPIC - Body Scanners and Radiation Risks, EPIC - E-Verify, EPIC - Secure Communities, EPIC - Fusion Centers, EPIC - Drones, EPIC - Cybersecurity, EPIC - Secure Flight. (Feb. 20, 2012)
- DHS Memo Reveals Plan to Impose "Secure Communities" on All States : According to a draft memo, the Department of Homeland Security intends to require that all states comply with the agency's "Secure Communities" program by 2013. Secure communities is a controversial deportation program that relies on extensive data collection and biometric identification. Several states, including Illinois, New York and Massachusetts, objected to the federal program, citing mismanagement, and refused to participate. Previously, the DHS maintained that the program would be voluntary. For more, see EPIC: Secure Communities. (Jan. 10, 2012)
- EPIC, Coalition Seeks Investigation of New FBI ID Program and "Secure Communities": A coalition of civil liberties and civil rights organizations have asked the Inspector General of the Department of Justice to investigate the FBI's Next Generation Identification program, a "billion-dollar initiative to create the world's largest biometric database." The 70 organizations, including EPIC, have also urged an assessment of "Secure Communities," the mismanaged federal deportation effort. Several states, including Illinois, Massachusetts, and New York, have already withdrawn from the DHS program. For more information, see EPIC - "Secure Communitities." (Sep. 26, 2011)
- Department of Homeland Security Terminates Biometric Collection Agreements With States, Intends to Continue Program Without Safeguards: The Department of Homeland Security wrote to State Governors, stating that the agency intends to terminate agreements with state and local governments concerning the Secure Communities program. The agency states that it intends to unilaterally pursue the program despite the termination, though it fails to cite any legal authority in support of the tactic. The statement follows lawmakers' recent criticism of Secure Communities. The program collects and discloses biometric information obtained from individuals who come into contact with police. In June, California legislators urged Governor Jerry Brown to suspend the state's participation in Secure Communities, citing a "crisis of confidence" in the program. The lawmakers identified numerous risks raised by the program and noted that "victims of domestic violence have been [wrongfully] placed into deportation proceedings as the result of Secure Communities when they simply called the police for help." Previously, Illinois, New York and Massachusetts ended their participation in the program. For more, see EPIC: Secure Communities. (Aug. 12, 2011)
Secure Communities is an American deportation program accused of mismanaged by the states of Illinois, New York, and Massachusetts. Deportation under this program relies upon data exchanges among federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), the interior immigration enforcement agency within the Department of Homeland Security, is the program manager.Below is ICE's self description as of July 2011:
ICE launched the Secure Communities program in March 2008. The Secure Communities Program "carr[ies] out ICE's priorities. ICE's Mission Statement:
The program can also be classified as a federal government information-gathering project, because it encourages federal, state, local, tribal, and private sector entities to collect and disclose information. The ISE is described in the Intelligence Reform Act of 2004. The most prominent of the information collection and disclosure initiatives are Fusion Centers. ICE's Mission Statement:
The Secure Communities program has expanded from 14 jurisdictions when announced in 2008, to over 1300 in 2011.
The data-gathering, storing, and analyzing component of the Secure Communities Program is called "Atlas." On October 1, 2003, President Bush signed the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2004, which became Public Law 108-90. ICE received $40,000,000 for customs enforcement automated systems, which would "remain available until expended." However, the oversight committees sought limitations on funds being used for "Atlas" until certain conditions were met.
Risks created by the Secure Communities Program
Privacy Act Obligations
The Federal Privacy Act requires all federal government agencies that collect or maintain systems of records containing personally identifiable information to make public notice when new systems are created or altered. The process currently described by ICE regarding Secure Communities data collection involves local law enforcement's collection of fingerprint information from detained persons, without any indication of their current legal status, transmission of information to the FBI, which in turn will disclose the fingerprint information to DHS. The FBI routinely publishes information in the federal register on its fingerprint database and others systems of records the agency maintains.
DHS has not filed a system of records notice for the Secure Communities program, which will rely upon access or use of one or more systems of records. However, on March 31, 2011, DHS published a notice of collection activities regarding the Secure Communities IDENT/IAFIS Interoperability State and Local Agency Assessment form. This does not meet the requirements of the Federal Privacy Act to provide notice on a new system of records or report changes in an existing system of records. The data collection will by the process described necessarily collect information from US citizens or legal residents, which requires steps be taken by the agency to meet its obligations under the Federal Privacy Act.
Deportation of Non-Criminal Aliens
Statistical data released by some jurisdictions that have participated in Secure Communities reveal discrepancies between the program's mission to target serious criminals and the program's implementation. According to the most recent ICE statistics, 78% of immigrants arrested between November 2009 and October 2010 through Illinois' Secure Communities program had no criminal convictions. Of those deported, 53% were not criminals. Given this data, it is unclear whether ICE is effectively removing dangerous criminals.
By submitting the fingerprint scans at the time of arrest, many individuals may be discovered by ICE and potentially deported if they are victims of false arrest or are witnesses to a crime. There are reports that crime victims, such as domestic abuse survivors, have been picked-up by the Secure Communities program. The agency is aware of these problems and issued an agency wide memo. [see folder on Secure Communities]This may have the result of deterring individuals from reporting crimes to law enforcement and may invite racial profiling.
Biometric Data Collection and Retention
The Secure Communities program currently operates through the use of electronic biometrics such as fingerprint scans. Fingerprint images are taken by state, local, and tribal law enforcement officers and are then sent to the FBI. The FBI transmits fingerprint data to ICE.
The agency reports that it checks the fingerprint data with agency records with the United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology Program (US-VISIT) Automated Biometric Identification System (IDENT), see EPIC FOIA obtained document on US VISIT for more information. ICE claims that the "vast majority" of foreign nationals scanned will appear in the IDENT database.Opt-Out Obfuscation
ICE provided misleading guidance regarding Memorandums of Understanding (MOU) with local, state and tribal government authorities on their ability to opt-out of the Secure Communities program. MOUs are agreements between government entities. Following a Freedom of Information Act request, the National Day Laborer Organization (NDLON), the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR), and the Immigration Justice Clinic of the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law filed suit against ICE seeking documents on the ability of state and local jurisdictions to refuse to participate in Secure Communities.
Three states (Massachusetts, Illinois and New York), have recently attempted to withdraw from the program citing concern that immigrants are being deported without having a prior conviction or being part of an ongoing criminal investigation.
On August 5, 2011, DHS-ICE rescinded all Memorandums of Understandings with local and state governments regarding their participation in data collection regarding the Secure Communities program. The agency determined that no agreement was needed if a state or local law enforcement agency submitted fingerprint data to any federal government agency. Local, state, and tribal government law enforcement agencies routinely submit fingerprint data on arrestees to verify that there are no outstanding warrants by other jurisdictions or federal authorities.
ICE was created on April 16, 2003, when President George W. Bush signed House Resolution 1559, a bill titled "War-Related Appropriations," which became Public Law No: 108-11. According to a Government Accountability Office report [GAO-07-565] ICE is "responsible for enforcing immigration, border security, trade, and other laws by, among other means, investigating and collecting intelligence on individuals and groups that act to violate these laws."
ICE's initial funding was under a program designation of "Operation Liberty Shield." Secretary Chertoff described the program in a press release published on an archive of the agency's website. Operation Liberty Shield began as a multi-agency plan to among other things prioritize border protection, airport and rail security. Under the designation of Operation Liberty Shield Customs and Border Protection received $333,000,000 and Immigration and Custom Enforcement received $170,000,000 in funding.
On October 1, 2003, President George W. Bush signed the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2004, which became Public Law 108-90. ICE received $40,000,000 for customs enforcement automated systems, which would "remain available until expended." However, oversight committees sought limitations on funds being used for "Atlas" until the following conditions were met:
Provided, That none of the funds appropriated under this heading may be obligated for Atlas until the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives receive and approve a plan for expenditure prepared by the Under Secretary for Border and Transportation Security that: (1) meets the capital planning and investment control review requirements established by the Office of Management and Budget, including Circular A-11, part 3; (2) complies with the Bureau of Immigration and Customs enforcement enterprise information systems architecture; (3) complies with the acquisition rules, requirements, guidelines, and systems acquisition management practices of the Federal Government; (4) is reviewed and approved by the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement Investment Review Board, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Office of Management and Budget; and (5) is reviewed by the General Accounting Office.
On December 17, 2004, Senate bill 2845, the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, became law. This appropriations bill established and funded the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement Public Law 108-458. This legislation also mandated the integration of all data systems "that process or contain information on aliens, which are maintained by the Department of Homeland Security , the Department of Justice, at the Executive Office for Immigration Review ; and the Department of State, at the Bureau of Consular Affairs." The law also established the use of biometrics as a means of controlling entry and exit from the United States. Further, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was designated to establish minimum "technical and operational system requirements and performance standards for the use of biometric identifier technology in airport access control systems "
Laws and the Secure Communities Program
No act of legislation created the Secure Communities program. In fiscal year 2008, $156.8 million was designated to "to identify aliens convicted of a crime, and who may be deportable," and for detention services. A further $150 million was appropriated in 2009, followed by an increase to $1.5 billion in 2010. Congress requires ICE to file a quarterly report on their execution of the program in order to "make sure all aliens who have been convicted of crimes and ordered removed from the United States are indeed deported to their country of origin."
The Secure Communities program relies on the Immigration and Nationality Act for definitions and authorities to train law enforcement in the performance of immigration functions.
No administrative regulations have been promulgated to direct the implementation of the program.
EPIC Policy Pages
EPIC: Fusion Centers EPIC: National ID/REAL ID EPIC: E-verify Spotlight on Surveillance: Traveler Redress Program EPIC: Spotlight on Surveillance: National Network
Web Sites
FACT SHEET: Immigration Accountability Executive Action Misplaced Priorities: The Failure of Secure Communities in Los Angeles County Secure Communities Standard Operating Procedures U.S. Department of Homeland Security Secure Communities Program Rights Working Group Immigration Law Clinic Cardozo Law School Uncover the Truth National Immigration Law Center ACLU Electronic Frontier Foundation
Federal Register Notices
DHS ICE System of Records Notice and Notice of Privacy Act Exemption DHS ICE SEVIS System of Record Refugees, Asylum, and Parole System and Asylum Pre-Screening System
Immigration and Customs Enforcement Public Laws
House Resolution 1559, a bill titled "War-Related Appropriations," Public Law No: 108-11 (April 16, 2003) House Resolution 2555, Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2004, Public Law 108-90 (October 1, 2003) House Resolution 4567, Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2005, Public Law 108-334 (October 18, 2004) Senate Bill 2845, Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 Public Law 108-458 (December 17, 2004) House Resolution 1268, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005 Public Law 109-13 (May 11, 2005) House Resolution 2360, Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2006, Public Law 109-90 (October 18, 2005) House Resolution 2863, Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006 Public Law 109-148 (December 30, 2005) House Resolution 972, Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005 Public Law 109-164 (January 10, 2006) House Resolution 4939, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Hurricane Recovery, 2006 Public Law 109-230 (June 15, 2006) House Resolution 5122, John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 " House Resolution 5441, Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007 Public Law 109-295 (October 4, 2006) House Resolution 1, Implementing Recommendations from the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 Public Law No: 110-53. (August 3, 2007) House Resolution 2206, U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans, Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, Public Law 110-28 House Resolution 2638, Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009 Public Law 110-329 House Resolution 2640, NICS Improvement Amendments Act of 2007 Public Law 110-1180 House Resolution (HR) 1473 Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011 Public Law 112-10 (April 15, 2011)
Immigration and Customs Enforcement U.S.C. Cited:
Customs Enforcement Act of 1986 (19 U.S.C. 2081) Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1357(g); section 287(g); 101(a)(17); 1101(a)(17)) Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act (8 U.S.C. 1722)
Secure Communities' Agency Reports
2009 Strategic Plan Plan to Utilize the FY 2009 Appropriations
Quarterly Reports to Congress became law in 2008
Secure Communities First Quarter Report 2008 Secure Communities First Quarter Report 2009 Secure Communities First Quarter Report 2010 Secure Communities First Quarter Report 2011 Secure Communities Second Quarter Report 2008 Secure Communities Second Quarter Report 2009 Secure Communities Second Quarter Report 2010 Secure Communities Third Quarter Report 2008 Secure Communities Third Quarter Report 2009 Secure Communities Third Quarter Report 2010 Secure Communities Forth Quarter Report 2008 Secure Communities Forth Quarter Report 2009 Secure Communities Forth Quarter Report 2010
FOIA Documents
- DHS CRCL Documents Produced Set 1
- DHS CRCL Documents Produced Set 2
- DHS CRCL Documents Produced Set 3
News Articles
- Julie Hirschfield Davis and Julia Preston, What Donald Trump's Vow to Deport Up to 3 Million Immigrants Would Mean, N.Y. Times (Nov. 14, 2016)
- Mr. Obama's Wise Immigration Plan, NYT Editorial Board, N.Y. Times, November 21, 2014
- Hispanic Adviser Is Promoted at White House, MARK LANDLER, The Caucus Blog, January 10, 2012
- Federal immigration enforcement is mandatory, memo says, Paloma Esquivel, Los Angeles Times, January 8, 2012
- Doing the Secure Communities Shuffle, Center for Immigration Studies, By W.D. Reasoner, September 2, 2011
- Meant to Ease Fears of Deportation Program, Federal Hearings Draw Anger , New York Times, By JULIA PRESTON and SARAH WHEATON
- Immigrant rights activists arrested after entering L.A. federal building, LA Times August 25, 2011
- Immigrant advocates urge ending Secure Communities program, By Paloma Esquivel, Los Angeles Times, August 18, 2011
- Editorial By Paloma Esquivel, New York Times August 14, 2011
- Racial Profiling Aside, DHS Moves Forward to Force Secure Communities Nationwide, Keith Rushing, Communications Manager, Rights Working Group, Huff Post: Politics, August 11, 2011
- DHS Decision to Resend MOUs Lacks Legal Authority, Rights Working Group, (August 5, 2011)
- States and Cities Reject Federal Deportation Program
- Program criticized for deporting non-violent illegal immigrants in Lexington, Valarie Honeycutt Spears and Linda J. Johnson, The Lexington Herald-Leader, June 2, 2011
- Gov. Cuomo pulls New York out of federal Secure Communities immigration fingerprinting program, Kenneth Lovett and Larry McShane, New York Times, June 1, 2011
- Bill would let counties opt out of U.S. immigration enforcement program, Michael J. Mishak, Los Angeles Times, May 31, 2011
- U.S. to investigate Secure Communities deportation program, Lee Romney, Los Angeles Times, May 18, 2011
- States Resisting Program Central to Obama's Immigration Strategy, Julia Preston, New York Times, May 5, 2011
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