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How versed are you with this gaming system?
Pretty well versed in it since I can do pretty much everything I want with it.
What versions do you know?
I started with Champions 4E then worked through 5E to finally end up with 6E.
Which ones have you actually played?
I've played all three editions.
Have you created a character in the system?
What genres have you tried with Hero?
I've run horror, fantasy, pulp, science fiction, post apoc, supers, and a modern genre.
Do you like to tinker with the powers, perks, talents, etc.?
Yes, I add to the talents and perks, but I don't mess with the powers since they're well balanced as is.

subset: commoncrawl


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I recently discovered my coworker – the lovely Cecilia Tomahawk – knew almost nothing about Packers or the NFL despite having lived in Wisconsin her entire life. At first, I thought she was joking but after a few simple questions, it was quite clear her personal Packerpedia was remarkably limited. You could fill the internets three times over with the amount of football knowledge Ms. Tomahawk doesn't know, so instead, I asked her to tell me exactly what she knows – or thinks she knows – about the sport. Here is what she said.
Everything I Know About Football from Someone Who Knows Absolutely Nothing About Football
By Cecilia Tomahawk
· Football players' uniforms include some intensely tight pants. They're super tight and look flipping uncomfortable.
· During a football game, which team players are on is indicated by the color of the stripe down the side of their intensely tight pants.
· Televised football games are things that occur between installments of me watching Amy Poehler and Alec Baldwin in commercials.
· When football games are televised in bars or restaurants, I've noticed that there is a direct correlation between the local team playing well and the number of free shots I receive. The general mood of the crowd seems to be affected directly by this as well.
· When family and friends gather to watch football games my older female relatives are perpetually in search of some heroic romantic figure who goes by the name Donald Driver – although, wait a minute, is he around anymore? I think he left.
· "Fantasy Football" is a misleading term, if you ask me. It leads a person to believe that the activity so named will be fantastical, intriguing or exotic in nature. It does not imply that people will systematically form fictional teams in their minds and then proceed to lose money in fantasy football leagues.
· There are things called brackets that people set up so they can track which teams are winning and losing at various points in the season. This is actually not the first type of brackets I was familiar with, however. In college a large group of my friends would play a game that we called Brackets. It was highly entertaining because we would pit random things against each other like Peanut Butter vs. Jelly, or Batman vs. Oprah, or Battleship vs. Connect Four. And I enjoyed it because we conducted lengthy, passionate debates that ended in clear winners and losers with the winning items moving up in the tournament.
· I love the Puppy Bowl on Super Bowl Sunday, but I don't like to admit it because there's nothing more clichéd or stereotypical than a girl yelling, "Oooh! Puppies! They're so adorable!" in the middle of a football game.
· This March, my best friend picked her teams for her office bracket using the construct of whose team mascot would win in a fight. I think this is genius. Though now upon second thought, that applied to college basketball and not professional football. I still think it's a good idea, but do NFL teams have mascots? I honestly don't have a clue.
· Clay Matthews' hair is too long. Some of the ladies definitely disagree with me on this, I know. But it's not a good look, man. You need to cut your hair.


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By Don Seeley
POTTSTOWN – When Grey Simpson joined The Hill School football staff nine years ago, he admittedly wasn't too happy, actually disappointed, to hear there were no playoffs … absolutely nothing after the final fall fling with
. Lawrenceville School
By the end of that first season, though, Simpson realized there really was no need for a postseason.
"After I went through my first Hill-Lawrenceville week, I realized this was bigger than any championship game I had ever played in or coached in," Simpson explained. "We're all familiar with rivalry games, either as players or coaches, but I had never experienced anything quite like this before. For me it's become an honor to be a part of such an incredible tradition and rivalry."
It is, without question, one of the oldest and most storied football rivalries in the entire country.
And Saturday afternoon, when they line up against one another for the 94th consecutive year – and celebrate the 125th anniversary of their very first meeting way back in 1887 – the host Rams will be looking to upset the visiting Larries and deny them a Mid-Atlantic Prep League title.
"When you get to meet some of the Hill football alums who come back to campus and share their memories of this experience, it becomes even more evident how important the tradition is," Simpson said. "When you realize how many people remember the result of this game over any other game, or even over any season record … it's just unbelievable.
"If all that isn't enough, there's also a championship on the line this time. Both teams would love to have a MAPL championship on the line, but if you cannot play for the championship you play to prevent the other team from winning a championship. We do not want to ever watch Lawrenceville celebrate a victory on our field, so we certainly do not want to watch them celebrate a MAPL championship on our field, either."
Lawrenceville is 3-1 (4-3 overall) and atop the standings alongside Blair Academy and Peddie – who, incidentally, play one another for the 109th time Saturday afternoon over in Hightstown, N.J. The Hill is 1-3 (1-6) and geared up for the spoiler role.
To do it, the Rams will have to play better than they have the entire season – a season that has been marred by major injury after major injury after major injury, a string of mistakes and breakdowns and, until two weeks ago, loss after loss after loss.
They have struggled finding the end zone. Much of their offensive woes could be attributed to the injuries, specifically the loss of a few linemen, fullback A.J. Garcia, and wideout Adam Regensburg – a Mercury All-Area selection last year and a legitimate Player of the Year candidate this year – during the season-opener.
It didn't help three more starters went down during Hill's last game. But the week off – thanks to the effects of
postponing the showdown – should help offensive lineman Will Rich, wideout Jack
Barry and safety Zach Garland be ready to go Saturday. Sandy
That last game, a 17-13 win at
, was the Rams' first and put
some oomph back into their game. Mercersburg Academy
"I think (the win) gave the kids some confidence, confidence that they can make the plays to win a game," Simpson explained. "That, along with the added motivation of spoiling Lawrenceville's chance to win the league title, will have our kids ready to play."
Simpson said he and his staff challenged the offensive line prior to the Mercersburg game and the response was all they could've asked for. With seniors Chris Argenti, Dom Lucchesi, Austin Black and Tommy Nelson leading the way, post-grad Johnny Cherneskie ran for a season-high 140 yards and a touchdown and quarterback Grant Smith threw for another.
"If we feel confident running behind this group and grinding out tough yardage to keep the chains moving, it only helps the rest of the offense," Simpson said. "It allows our quarterback to be free to make plays with his arm and his legs, and take some chances down the field. He has connected with Seth Regensburg for a big pass play downfield every game, and those opportunities become more prevalent if we are successful in the run game."
Hill's big challenge Saturday, though, will be putting pressure on Lawrenceville quarterback Randall West, a 6-foot-4, 215-pound junior who throws, throws a lot, and throws quite well. In just seven games, West is 123 of 226 for 1,919 yards and 19 touchdowns.
West, also the team's leading rusher (310 yards, 5 TDs) and one of only two ballcarriers with 100 or more yards on the season, has benefited from a very protective front line anchored by 6-6, 265-pound tackle Grant Newsome and 6-1, 265-pound guard Sam Wilson. West has three different receivers who've caught five touchdowns each – John Salemi (30 receptions, 478 yards), Alex Waugh (15-250) and Joe McGinnis (14-304).
"Lawrenceville throws the ball about as much as any high school team I have seen," Simpson said. "We will have to be great in our coverage and try to prevent the big play downfield by keeping their receivers in front of us and making tackles when they dump the ball short.
"(West) seems to get more comfortable and confident each week, so he will be tough to stop. When he does not have anything, he is capable of getting out of the pocket and picking up big yardage running as well. We will do our best to confuse him and try to get in his face to prevent giving him the time to find the open receiver. If we can sustain drives on offense it will keep Lawrenceville's offense off the field."
And possibly get the opportunity to celebrate on their own field.
"This is the game everyone remembers," Simpson said.
To get an idea of just how long ago it was when the Hill and Lawrenceville first met: Football was in its infancy – touchdowns were four points, field goals were five points, and all conversions were two points; at the neighborhood market a pound of coffee was 16 cents and a gallon of molasses was 13 cents; parts of the country were still recovering from the Civil War that ended 22 years earlier; and Grover Cleveland was the President of the U.S. … Hill and Lawrenceville have played one another every year since 1919, less than 12 months after the end of World War I.
Arguably two of the most well-known football participants in the series have been Hill's Lamar Hunt (Class of 1951) and Lawrenceville's Clint Frank (Class of 1934). Hunt became the founder and owner of the Kansas City Chiefs and is credited for coining the NFL championship game as the "Super Bowl." Frank went on to play for Yale, where he was an All-American and the recipient of both the Philadelphia Maxwell Football Club Award and the prestigious Heisman Trophy in 1937.
Lawrenceville leads the series, 61-38-10. … The Larries have won the last two meetings. Hill won seven of the previous 12. … Unofficially, only six other series in the country that span 100 years or more began before the Hill-Lawrenceville debut in 1887. The oldest was
Norwich Free
Academy and
series that started in 1875. … Philadelphia-area rivals Penn Charter and New London High School celebrated the 125th anniversary
of their series last season. Germantown Academy


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Ideas for having strong and healthy marriages. University of Arkansas Extension. More tips at www.drwally.org
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Journal of the South African Veterinary Association
On-line version ISSN 2224-9435
Print version ISSN 1019-9128
J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. vol.83 n.1 Pretoria Jan. 2012
Salivary gland enlargement and sialorrhoea in dogs with spirocercosis: A retrospective and prospective study of 298 cases
Liesel L. van der MerweI; Jevan ChristieI; Sarah J. CliftII; Eran DvirI
IDepartment of Companion Animal, Clinical Studies, University of Pretoria, South Africa
IIDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
This longitudinal cross-sectional clinical study investigated the incidence of sialorrhoea in dogs with spirocercosis and determined whether breed, body weight and the extent of the oesophageal involvement was associated with this presentation. A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of 233 dogs and information pertaining to 65 dogs was collected as part of a prospective study. All the animals were client-owned. Patients from the retrospective study underwent thoracic radiography or oesophageal endoscopy to diagnose and characterise the infection and were placed on therapy with a macrocyclic lactone, whereas the patients in the prospective study had both radiography and endoscopy routinely performed and biopsies of the oesophageal nodules collected where possible. Tru-cut biopsies of affected salivary glands were taken in 10 of 13 patients demonstrating clinical signs of sialorrhoea and salivary gland enlargement. The entire salivary gland was sectioned in an additional three dogs with spirocercosis and no sialorrhoea that were presented for post mortem examination. Sialorrhoea was present in 33/298 cases (11%). Fox terrier breeds were over-represented in the patients with sialorrhoea, comprising 36% of cases, whereas they only comprised 1.5% of the patients without sialorrhoea (p < 0.001, chi squared test) and 5% of the combined group. Dogs weighing 12 kg or less were significantly over-represented in the sialorrhoea group, 69% versus 19.5% (p < 0.001, chi square test). Age was not significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.08, Mann-Whitney test). The number of oesophageal nodules per case was significantly higher in the non-sialorrhoea cases (p = 0.048, Mann-Whitney test). The prevalence of distal oesophageal and lower oesophageal sphincter involvement, and neoplastic transformation of the nodules were not statistically different between the two groups. None of the fox terriers in either group showed neoplastic transformation of the parasitic nodules even though they were over-represented as a breed. Mandibular salivary glands were affected in 86% of cases showing sialorrhoea. Histopathology revealed acinar hyperplasia in all cases with concurrent necrosis detected in only two cases.
Sialorrhoea and salivary gland enlargement has an incidence of 11% (33/298 cases) in canine spirocercosis. Small breeds (< 12 kg) and particularly fox terrier breeds are over-represented in the group demonstrating sialorrhoea and this appeared to be the only risk factor.
The conclusion was that sialorrhoea secondary to canine spirocercosis occurs frequently and its presence should prompt further investigation for oesophageal and gastro-intestinal disease. Severely affected patients can be managed with phenobarbitone to control the dysphagia in addition to the routine macrocyclic lactones treatment.
Spirocercosis is a worldwide disease caused by the nematode Spirocerca lupi and is widespread and common in South Africa (Lobetti 2000). Canidae are the primary definitive host and present with a variety of clinical signs that occur because of larval migration from the stomach to the thoracic aorta, which may take 3-1 months, and because of persistence of the adult worms within the host (Hu & Hoeppli 1936; Van der Merwe et al. 2008). A variety of species of coprophagous beetles act as the intermediate host that ingests larvated eggs from canine faeces and allows development to L3 (life cycle stage 3). The L3 utilises a great variety of paratenic hosts, including poultry, wild birds, lizards, rodents, hedgehogs and rabbits (Chabbra & Singh 1972; Fox, Burns & Hawkins 1988). Adult worms are typically found from 3-9 months post-infection, embedded within nodules in the wall of the oesophagus (Bailey 1963; Dvir, Clift & Williams 2010; Sen & Anataraman 1971). The adult nematode is a large spiralled pink worm with male worms of up to 54 mm and female worms of up to 80 mm in length (Taylor, Coop & Wall 2007). Histopathology of non-neoplastic nodules has shown that these nodules consist of variable quantities of fibroblasts and collagen, as well as foci of suppurative and / or lymphoplasmacytic inflammation (Dvir et al. 2010).
The typical clinical signs of canine spirocercosis include regurgitation and/or vomiting and weight loss (Mazaki-Tovi et al. 2002; Van der Merwe et al. 2008). Other frequently encountered clinical signs include coughing, dysphagia, pyrexia, melaena and sialorrhoea (Mazaki-Tovi et al. 2002; Schroeder & Berry 1998; Van der Merwe et al. 2008). Doramectin (Dectomax, Pfizer AH) is an effective therapy for uncomplicated spirocercosis (Berry 2000; Lavy et al. 2002).
Sialorrhoea, ptyalism or hypersialosis are synonyms used to describe the excessive production of saliva. This condition may arise from oral, pharyngeal and oesophageal disorders, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, gastritis, high-protein diets, cholinergic drugs, and toxins such as organophosphates (Boyce & Bakheet 2005; Brooks, Hottinger & Dunstan 1995; Pandol & Isenberg 1990). Salivation is normally stimulated by olfaction, taste, chewing and dryness of the oral, pharyngeal or oesophageal mucosa (DeBowes 2010; Guyton 1997). Salivation can also be stimulated through the oesophago-salivary reflex, where afferent neural impulses originating from the oesophagus act directly on the salivary nuclei, increasing salivary flow (Boyce & Bakheet 2005; Kay & Phillipson 1959; Sarosiek et al. 1994). Innervation of the oesophagus is via the vagal and splanchnic nerves. Sensory vagal afferent fibres are thought to be low-threshold mechanoreceptors which are stimulated by oesophageal distension and mechanical obstruction (Sarosiek et al. 1994; Spangler & Culbertson 1991). Stimulation of these fibres results in increased salivation, reportedly up to 15 x basal rates in sheep and up to 9 x basal rates in human beings with mechanical oesophageal obstruction (Kongara & Soffer 1999). Central stimulation results in activation of the cholinergic pathways through the salivary nuclei (Boyce & Bakheet 2005; Kay & Phillipson 1959; Sarosiek et al. 1994).
Salivary gland enlargement is an uncommon condition in dogs (Spangler & Culbertson 1991). In a review of 245 salivary gland biopsies from animals, salivary glands accounted for only 0.3% of all biopsies received (Spangler & Culbertson 1991). The majority of these biopsies (65%) were obtained from dogs and demonstrated neoplasia (30%), inflammation (29%), sialocoele formation (11%), infarction (9%), with the remainder showing miscellaneous changes (Spangler & Culbertson 1991). The nomenclature for bilateral salivary gland enlargement is confusing and is variably referred to as, (1) sialoadenosis, a uniform hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the functional acini, (2) necrotising sialometaplasia, a diffuse coagulative necrosis with inflammation and salivary gland infarction and (3) coagulative necrosis of acinar tissue (Boydell et al. 2000a; Boydell, Pike & Crossley 2000b; Brooks et al. 1995; Harvey 1981; Mawby et al. 1991; Schroeder & Berry 1998). All the conditions described by these terms, despite variations in histological descriptions, cause similar clinical signs of retching, gulping, anorexia, nausea, vomiting and sialorrhoea with firm palpable, often enlarged salivary glands, and the majority of publications are about affected dogs with only one reference to an affected cat (Boydell et al. 2000b; Chapman & Malik 1992; Schroeder & Berry 1998; Stonehewer et al. 2000).
Underlying diseases of the oesophagus and stomach such as spirocercosis, reflux oesophagitis and gastritis, have been shown to cause sialonecrosis and dysphagia (Schroeder & Berry 1998). In some published cases no underlying cause was found and limbic epilepsy or idiopathic hypersialosis was the final diagnosis (Chapman & Malik 1992; Stonehewer et al. 2000). The fox terrier breed has demonstrated a predisposition to the idiopathic form of this condition as the breed predominates in most of the literature published (Boydell et al. 2000a; Brooks et al. 1995; Cooke & Guilford 1992; Harvey 1981; Kelly et al. 1979). A rapid clinical response, within 48 hours, to phenobarbitone treatment at 2 mg/kg twice daily (bid) has been reported, supporting a nervous system and possible vagal overstimulation as a cause for this presentation (Boydell et al 2000a; Brookes et al. 1995; Chapman & Malik 1992).
The diagnosis of spirocercosis was made in all cases by a combination of thoracic radiographs where the typical findings of a caudodorsal oesophageal mass with either spondylitis or aortic undulation were used as diagnostic criteria, as well as positive faecal floatation and the presence of one or more nodules identified during oesophageal endoscopy. Neoplastic transformation of the S. lupi induced nodule was confirmed by endoscopically collected biopsies and/or post mortem samples.
At the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital (OVAH), salivary gland enlargement with profound clinical signs of pharyngeal dysphagia was noted in some cases of spirocercosis and this 'swallowing disorder' was often the main reason for presentation. The aim was thus to determine the incidence of sialorrhoea in canine spirocercosis and to determine whether breed, body weight, the number of nodules, lower oesophageal involvement, and neoplastic transformation predisposed to the development of this complication in this disease. An additional aim was to perform a histopathological examination of salivary gland tissue to determine what, if any, changes were present.
Materials and methods
Patients diagnosed with spirocercosis, as well as showing clinical evidence of sialorrhoea and salivary gland enlargement, were selected from both retrospective and prospective data sets. The retrospective study included the files of all dogs diagnosed with spirocercosis between 2001 and 2005 at the OVAH where the diagnosis was confirmed by either thoracic radiographs or oesophageal endoscopy and where the patients were treated with a macrocyclic lactone, Dectomax® (Pfizer AH) and less frequently Ivermectin® (Merial) for treatment. A total of 233 cases of spirocercosis were identified for analysis, of which 20 cases were cross-referenced to treatment with phenobarbitone.
A prospective study, initiated in 2007 at the OVAH, identified an additional 13 patients from 65 patients enrolled at that time. The prospective study comprised a standardised protocol: clinical examination, blood sample collection and storage, specific thoracic radiographic views, oesophageal endoscopy, and biopsy of the oesophageal nodule if possible, and salivary glands if enlarged. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Science.
The data from the 20 retrospective cases of sialorrhoea were only included in the analysis for the signalment and prevalence of spirocercosis, as information from these cases was limited and files were incomplete. The patients in the prospective study were divided into two groups: dogs with, and without, salivary gland involvement. The data from these two groups were compared for breed prevalence, age, the presence of concomitant oesophagitis, involvement of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), neoplastic transformation of the nodule, the number of oesophageal nodules and body weight. The prevalence of the above-mentioned parameters in the two groups was compared by using the chi-square (χ2) test with Excel software (Microsoft, Washington, USA). Numeric parameters (the number of oesophageal nodules) were compared by using the Mann-Whitney Test with SPSS Statistics 17.0 software (SPS Inc., Chicago, USA). The level of significance was set for p <0.05.
Multiple biopsies were taken by using a 14 G tru-cut biopsy needle, under general anaesthesia from the parotid and/ or mandibular salivary glands, from 10 of the 13 dogs in the prospective study. An additional four dogs diagnosed with spirocercosis and presented for necropsy had the entire mandibular salivary gland resected and a number of sections made: one of these cases had a history of salivary gland involvement and three did not. The salivary glands of an additional two dogs that were presented for necropsy without macroscopically obvious salivary gland pathology, any oesophageal disease, or evidence of S. lupi infection, were used as normal controls for the histopathology. The sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for routine histopathology.
Ethical considerations
The danger of unethical practices by the researchers was minimised as all animals were client-owned and presented with a natural infection. All procedures and treatments were conducted according to previously published norms for this condition.
The results are summarised in the following passages. Of the 233 dogs diagnosed with spirocercosis in the retrospective analysis, 20 patients were treated with phenobarbitone specifically for salivary gland enlargement, sialorrhoea and dysphagia, an incidence of 8.5%. In the prospective trial 13 of 65 patients showed sialorrhoea and salivary gland involvement, an incidence of 20%. The combined incidence of sialorrhoea in dogs with spirocercosis from both data sets was calculated at 11% (33/298).
Breeds affected, using data from both studies (n = 33), included fox terriers or Jack Russell terriers (12), Staffordshire terriers (5), miniature Doberman pinschers (4), cross-breeds (5), golden cocker spaniels (2), Border collies (2), English bull terrier (1), Labrador (1) and Chihuahua (1). The breed names fox terrier and Jack Russell terrier are often incorrectly applied at OVAH, and thus the two breeds have been combined. The fox terriers and Jack Russell terrier breeds accounted for 36.4% (12/33) of the population of dogs with spirocercosis with sialorrhoea, compared with only 4/265 (1.5%) of the dogs with spirocercosis without sialorrhoea (p < 0.001). In addition to breed prevalence, breed size was also correlated to the risk of showing severe sialorrhoea if infected with S. lupi. To facilitate the analysis, dogs were defined as being of a smaller breed if they weighed 12 kg or less. Mass was not reliably recorded in the retrospective cases. The median body weight of all cases in the prospective group (n = 65) was 21.6 kg (range: 3.4-51.0), the median mass of the subgroup with sialorrhoea (n = 13) was 9.8 kg (range: 3.4-26.6), and that of the non-sialorrhoea group (n = 52) was 23.9 kg (range: 5.0-51.0). The majority (69%) of dogs in the sialorrhoea group weighed < 12 kg versus only 19.5% in the non-sialorrhoea group, which was significant (p = 0.001).
An analysis of the clinical history of the sialorrhoea group revealed that the duration of clinical signs ranged from 4 days to 3 months and included regurgitation, intermittent to persistent retching, gulping with repeated swallowing movements, coughing, making efforts to 'clear the throat', apparent choking, excessive salivation and anorexia. Clinical signs worsened with excitement or palpation of the pharyngeal area and glands. The choking episodes could be quite severe with the dogs vocalising, scratching at their faces with their forepaws, contorting the forequarters, head and neck, and these symptoms were even on occasion misinterpreted by owners and referring veterinarians as seizures. Retching often terminated in vomition or regurgitation. Where mentioned, the vomitus was generally described as frothy saliva. A variety of anti-emetics including metoclopramide, betaperamide and chlorpromazine had been used to no avail in the majority of the cases referred. None of the patients in the prospective study had severe periodontal disease. Records were inadequate to evaluate this clinical parameter for the retrospective cases. All patients had weight loss. In the longstanding cases clinical signs generally progressed to severe dysphagia and a disinclination or a reluctance to eat. Food aversion was specifically noted in three cases. Laboured respiration was noted by owners in two cases and was detected on clinical examination as abdominal respiration in 25% of the dogs. The mandibular salivary glands were enlarged in 86.6% of cases and the parotid glands were involved in 13.3%.
In the prospective study additional parameters were evaluated to try and establish a risk factor or predisposing cause for the development of sialorrhoea in the 13 dogs with these clinical signs, compared with the remaining 52 dogs without sialorrhoea. Age was not significantly different between the two groups with a median of 50.9 months (range 10-138) in the non-sialorrhoea group and 48 months (range 9-96) in the sialorrhoea group (p= 0.95), and there was a substantial overlap between the groups. Patients with sialorrhoea had an increased incidence of oesophagitis, 25% compared to 12.5% in the non-sialorrhoea group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.260). The median number of nodules were one (range: 1-5) in the sialorrhoea group versus two (range: 0-9) in the non-sialorrhoea group, and the difference was statistically different (p = 0.048). Involvement of the extreme distal oesophagus or LES was evident in 3 of the 13 sialorrhoea cases (23%), and in 11 of the 52 non-sialorrhoea cases (22%), which was not statistically different. All cases showed increased amounts of foamy saliva in both the oesophagus and the stomach on endoscopic examination.
Neoplastic transformation occurred in 31% of the sialorrhoea group versus 24% of the non-sialorrhoea group and this difference was not significant (p= 0.550). Tumour types identified included osteosarcoma (10), fibrosarcoma (3), and anaplastic sarcoma (3).
Salivary gland biopsies collected in 10 of the 13 patients in the sialorrhoea sub-group were evaluated under the light microscope. The most consistent finding was the presence of obvious multifocal and often widespread small clusters (3-5 cells) of acinar epithelial cells at the periphery of acini throughout the sections of glands. Occasional mitoses were observed within these clusters of acinar epithelium. There was also occasional, but obvious, 'piling up' of immature progenitor-like epithelial cells that occurred segmentally within the lining epithelium of striated intra-lobular ducts in particular, and to a lesser extent within the intercalated intra-lobular ducts. There was also evidence of mild to moderate and only occasionally severe periductal fibrosis, sometimes associated with interstitial fibrosis. In most cases there were interstitial accumulations of small lymphocytes and plasma cells. Three cases showed, respectively, collagenolysis that was accompanied by invading neutrophils and mononuclear cells, a single small chronic infarct, and severe acute widespread coagulative necrosis.
Salivary gland sections from all three necropsies of dogs with spirocercosis, but without a history of sialorrhoea, showed histological salivary gland changes similar to those observed in the cases with clinical sialorrhoea. Apart from occasional interstitial accumulations of lymphocytes and plasma cells, histopathology of salivary glands from the control group (dogs without spirocercosis or oesophageal disease) revealed no significant abnormalities.
All patients with hypersialosis were treated with doramectin (Dectomax, Pfizer AH), phenobarbitone (Lethyl, Pharmacare Ltd. SA) and other symptomatic therapies as required. The treatment regimen of doramectin varied amongst clinicians but generally complied with the following: 400 µg/kg per os or by subcutaneous injection every week or every second week for a minimum of six treatments or until regression of the nodules occurred. The initiating dosage of phenobarbitone was generally around 2 mg/kg bid with a duration of 2-6 weeks as required. A marked decrease in clinical signs was generally noted within 48 hours of initiating phenobarbitone treatment. Three cases took up to 2 weeks to respond and in these cases either an oesophagostomy tube or percutaneous endoscopically placed gastrotomy (PEG) tube was inserted (the tube is surgically placed through the skin and not just pushed down the throat or just inserted). The salivary glands decreased in size and became non-painful to palpate over approximately 2-4 weeks.
There is always a degree of subjectivity involved in the interpretation of data collected based on human experience. Some of the data is numerical and can be measured in a simple 'yes/no' manner, for example in the conclusion of observations of nodules, weight and so forth, as opposed to the description of clinical signs which is a subjective process. During the research, the danger of subjectivity was noted and the researchers endeavoured to minimise subjectivity by use of a standardised clinical and history questionnaire and check form.
The differentials to consider in cases with sialorrhoea and salivary gland enlargement are any oral and pharyngeal disease, oesophageal disease, peri-oesophageal mediastinal disease, to a lesser extent gastric disease, as well as idiopathic limbic epilepsy or hypersialosis (Boydell et al. 2000a; Chapman & Malik 1992; Schroeder & Berry 1998). Drugs may also cause sialorrhoea but this is not a known typical side effect of the anti-emetics used in these patients or of the other drugs they were on, viz amoxicillin or, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. If endoscopic evaluation of the stomach and oesophagus reveals no lesions and there is no histological evidence of gastritis or oesophagitis, a diagnosis of idiopathic phenobarbitone-responsive hypersialosis can be made (Chapman & Malik 1992). Salivary gland enlargement with variable histological descriptions has been reported and may be a secondary reactive change because of over-stimulation by the parasympathetic system (Boydell et al. 2000a; Chapman & Malik 1992; Cooke & Guilford 1992; Gibbon, Trapanier & DeLaney 2004). It has been suggested that the idiopathic form of the disease may be a form of epilepsy, namely limbic epilepsy (Stonehewer et al. 2000). The terrier breeds, especially fox terriers and Jack Russell terriers, are over-represented in the literature on both secondary and idiopathic sialorrhoea, and the current study showed the same trend in spirocercosis (Boydell et al 2000a; Brooks et al. 1995; Harvey 1981; Stonehewer et al. 2000).
The incidence of sialorrhoea in the retrospective group of patients was 8.5% and 20% in the prospective group. The prospective group was much smaller than the retrospective group which implies that the data could be slightly skewed, but the increased incidence probably indicates that an increased awareness of the condition and more specific questioning lead to an increased clinical recognition of this complication and consequently to improved management.
It is also possible that the number of affected patients was underestimated in the retrospective study as the diagnosis hypersialosis was implied by cross-referenced with phenobarbitone, the treatment, rather than with a clinical sign. If the condition was not recognised and treated it would not have been included, because the record system available for that period was a financial accounting system that allowed for treatments and diagnoses to be searched but not clinical data. The combined prevalence, therefore, of 11 %, although probably underestimating the true prevalence of this complication, does indicate that clinically significant sialorrhoea is not uncommon in dogs with spirocercosis.
Dog breeds predisposed to spirocercosis are active outdoor dogs and lifestyle is a major risk factor for infection (Mylonakis et al. 2001). Of the 298 cases with spirocercosis evaluated in this study, only 5% were fox terrier breeds whereas they accounted for 36.3% of the sialorrhoea cases and only 1.5% of non-sialorrhoea cases. This is a significant breed predilection. An argument can be made that the spirocercosis was in fact an incidental finding in some cases as a consequence of the breeds' predisposition to idiopathic limbic epilepsy or sialonecrosis, but in the authors' opinion the percentage is too high for it to be mere coincidence (Chapman & Malik 1992; Stonehewer et al. 2000). Sialorrhoea was also more prevalent in smaller dogs with 69% of affected animals having < 12 kg body weight. It is hypothesised that this may be caused by a relatively greater degree of oesophageal distension in these smaller animals caused by the parasitic nodule, as it has been demonstrated that the vago-oesophageal reflex can be stimulated by distension (Sarosiek et al. 1994). Spirocerca lupi parasitic nodules result in local distension of the oesophageal wall and even partial obstruction of the oesophagus in more advanced cases, which may stimulate the low-threshold mechanoreceptors of the vagal afferent system and thus cause the sialorrhoea. These nodules can also result in oesophageal mucosal irritation, inflammation and pain, which would stimulate the splanchnic receptors, resulting in sialorrhoea from higher CNS centres (Kay & Phillipson 1959; Reid & Titchen 1988). Increased amounts of foamy saliva in both the oesophagus and the stomach were found in all 13 prospective sialorrhoea cases, confirming that the increased amount of saliva was a consequence of increased salivation and not the patient's inability to swallow. In the authors' experience this amount of saliva is generally not noted in S. lupi infected animals without clinical signs of sialorrhoea.
The number of nodules was statistically different between the groups, with the sialorrhoea group having fewer nodules than the non-sialorrhoea group. This phenomenon cannot be explained but it is theorised that these patients show clinical signs earlier in the disease process because of the hyper-responsiveness of the oesophago-salivary reflex. Neoplastic transformation of oesophageal nodules occurred in 31% of the patients with sialorrhoea and in 24% of those without, and was not significantly different between the groups.
None of the fox terriers in either group showed neoplastic transformation of the parasitic nodule even though they were over-represented as a breed. It could be construed that their predilection for showing sialorrhoea in response to the parasitic oesophageal nodule resulted in earlier diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Involvement of the extreme distal oesophagus and LES was evaluated as it was theorised that this would promote gastro-oesophageal reflux and oesophagitis, which is a described cause of sialorrhoea, but this parameter was not significantly different between groups (Schroeder & Berry 1998). The oesophagitis that occurred in these patients was very mild. The increased incidence of oesophagitis in the sialorrhoea group was also not significantly different from the non-sialorrhoea group.
The histopathology of the salivary glands was remarkably consistent. Changes included acinar cell immaturity, ductal epithelial hyperplasia, and interlobular and intralobular fibrosis and inflammation. Mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the salivary gland appears to be normal as this was present in two normal dogs, but the degree of infiltration was subjectively considered to be more severe in some of the sections from affected patients (Kelly et al. 1979). These mild changes are similar to those reported in a retrospective study of 13 dogs (Boydell et al. 2000a). Only 2 of 13 salivary gland samples from the cases studied showed evidence of ischaemic or vascular occlusive pathology. It was an unexpected finding that the three necropsy cases with S. lupi without any clinical history of salivary gland involvement showed identical salivary gland histopathology to those of the affected dogs. The hypothesis is that the neural reflex is present in all affected dogs resulting in salivary gland changes, but that clinical signs are only evident in some dogs. The trigger for the presence of clinical signs is at this stage unknown, but breed and size seem to play a role.
All patients with S. lupi infection will exhibit a degree of dysphagia and regurgitation. However, the dysphagia exhibited by patients with sialorrhoea can be extreme. The sialorrhoea and oral discomfort (odynophagia) exhibited by these patients responds well to phenobarbitone. There is no direct evidence linking phenobarbitone to saliva production but it does reduce small intestinal motility and could have local effects on the salivary glands (Plumb 1999; Vernau, Le Couteur & Maddison 2001). The effectiveness of the phenobarbitone may indicate that the primary cause of the condition is parasympathetic activation of salivary gland secretion. Three publications reported on surgical resection of the affected salivary glands, which failed to stop the hypersalivation and dysphagia until phenobarbitone was administered to the patients (Boydell et al. 2000a, 2000b; Kelly et al. 1979). This finding supports the theory that the sialorrhoea is part of a multifactorial parasympathetic response to an underlying stimulus or condition.
Steady state concentrations of phenobarbitone are only reached 18 days after the initiation of therapy (Vernau et al. 2001). Phenobarbitone, at the dosage levels and frequencies used in the cases reported here and in the literature would thus not have reached steady therapeutic levels within the 2 days taken to see a clinical improvement. There is, as yet, no explanation for this phenomenon.
Patients with spirocercosis-induced dysphagia will, and do, show reduction of clinical signs with treatment of the underlying cause, but in some patients the degree of dysphagia precludes proper food intake and nutrition and the phenobarbitone therapy provides symptomatic relief whilst the nodule regresses. Unpublished data from the prospective trial show that the nodules will often reduce in size quite slowly. This finding is supported by a previous study in which it was reported that nodule regression in seven experimentally infected beagle dogs took between 35 and 544 days (Lavy et al. 2002).
Spirocercosis should be considered an important differential diagnosis for sialorrhoea in endemic areas. Our study showed that sialorrhoea occurs with an incidence of 11% in patients with spirocercosis in South Africa. Fox terrier and Jack Russell terrier breeds were predisposed to developing sialorrhoea concurrently with the S. lupi-induced oesophageal nodule, but the nodules in this breed were fewer and unlikely to be neoplastic at the time of diagnosis. Small-breed dogs were also predisposed to developing sialorrhoea concurrently with spirocercosis. Patients with sialorrhoea had statistically significantly fewer nodules although there was a large overlap between the two groups. There were no factors relating to the size, position, number and malignancy of the nodules that could be statistically correlated with the development of sialorrhoea. The histological evidence of hyperplasia, fibrosis and inflammation in the salivary glands was mild in most instances and these changes were also present in affected animals not displaying sialorrhoea. Treatment of dogs with spirocercosis showing severe sialorrhoea and odynophagia should include phenobarbitone to assist in the management of these patients.
Srs Carla van der Merwe and Liani Kitshoff of the Small Animal Medicine Clinic, OVAH, are thanked for their help with the administration and organisation of the patients and procedures required. Funding for the prospective study was provided by The Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, and from the Duncan Campbell Memorial Fund of the South African Veterinary Foundation (SAVF).
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationship(s) which may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this paper.
Authors' contributions
L.v.d.M. (University of Pretoria) was the project leader and was responsible for the project design, as a sub-section of a larger prospective patient study. Data were collected and collated by L.v.d.M. (University of Pretoria), E.D. (University of Pretoria) and J.C. (University of Pretoria). Preparation of the samples and analysis of histopathology was performed by S.J.C. (University of Pretoria). The data analysis was performed by L.v.d.M. (University of Pretoria) and E.D. (University of Pretoria). The article was written by L.v.d.M. (University of Pretoria) and J.C. (University of Pretoria) with E.D. (University of Pretoria) who performed the statistical reporting, and S.C. (University of Pretoria) the histopathological reporting.
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Correspondence to:
Liesel van der Merwe
PO Box 3860
Faerie Glen 0043, South Africa
Received: 10 Nov. 2011
Accepted: 17 July 2012
Published: 12 Dec. 2012


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About Jonathan Coulton
As befits a software engineer from Yale, much of Jonathan Coulton's career thus far has been an experiment. The biggest was to build an audience in cyberspace, via a podcast he called "Thing a Week." The concept was to record a song about a different "thing" (say, bacteria) every seven days for a year, and make the music available through Creative Commons Licensing to a public who were free to use it however they saw fit. Once the project kicked off, in September 2005, some of his 52 songs wound up on YouTube, juxtaposed with video-game visuals; eventually one of Coulton's tunes, "Still Alive," wound up in Portal, an actual game. Another, "Code Monkey," later became the title theme to an animated cable series. But even before Thing a Week, he was putting out music -- notably, a digital EP released with the September 2005 issue of Popular Science magazine, which named him a "contributing troubadour." If all this sounds really geeky, you're getting the point; Coulton's music is quirky indie singer-songwriter stuff, in the tradition of his sometimes-tourmates They Might Be Giants. So-called "nerdcore" rappers, such as MC Lars and MC Frontalot, make for natural collaboration partners.
Similar Artists
"Weird Al" Yankovic, 2 Skinnee J's, MC Frontalot, MC Lars, They Might Be Giants, Zia


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|Archived April 8, 2019
usSEABED: Coastal & Marine Geology Program
Welcome to usSEABED
usSEABED provides data on sediment and rock distributions in the waters off the United States.
Information about seafloor characteristics from the beach to the deep sea improves the understanding of interactions between land and sea, effects of river discharge and sea level changes, distributions of benthic flora and fauna, location and type of resources, potential consequences of human activities on the oceans, and other critical issues. Large- and small-scale maps of the seabed, as well as reliable data over broad geographical areas, allow for integrated insights into these issues and more.
To assist in addressing these issues, the USGS and the University of Colorado are creating usSEABED. The datasets of usSEABED currently hold georeferenced point data for more than 300,000 data sites in U.S. waters from the beach to the deep sea, rivers, lakes, and estuaries. In usSEABED existing data from the USGS and other research groups are processed and extended to maximize their density and usability creating unified, comprehensive, relationally linked datasets for mapping and analysis. Source data include surficial and subbottom data from physical sampling equipment (grabs and cores) and virtual sampling such as descriptions from seafloor photographs and videos.
The usSEABED database incorporates a wide variety of information about:
The usSEABED files are produced as point locations held in comma-delimited text for ease of use in many software applications.
In addition to quantified lab-derived data, the datasets of usSEABED also include estimated numeric values for those typical seabed characteristics—noted above—based on the extensive accumulation of word-based data in U.S. waters. These data are rich in information, but were previously difficult to quantify, map, plot, or use in comparative analyses or models.
These descriptive data—from short sentences, small essays, or single phrases—are treated as a mathematical equation that is considered as a whole. Filters based on fuzzy set theory assign relative weight to each word in the description, and estimate the values of textural and other parameters. In addition, the textural implications of non-textural terms—such as 'broken shells' or Halimeda—are included in the calculation of grain-size parameters.
The resulting numeric data, now useable in a GIS or model, should be considered "fuzzy"; that is, they give an approximation—not a rigorous measurement—of the assessed values.
The data in usSEABED are in use by the U.S. Geological Survey and their collaborators in several projects along the contiguous U.S. Potential applications include benthic habitat analysis and maps of marine protected areas, marine aggregate assessments, sediment mobility, studies of the effects of anthropogenic activities, and Louisiana coastal ecosystem restoration. The data are also in use by University of Colorado and collaborators to study the movement of ripples along the seafloor, mine burial, and acoustic province mapping.
Other potential applications where data and maps from usSEABED might be useful are:
Currently available to the public are data from the coasts of the contiguous 48 states (Atlantic margin, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean margins, and Pacific margin). An upcoming publication will include Alaska and Hawaii.
To view published usSEABED data online, see the USGS Interactive Maps website.
Feedback on usSEABED is appreciated, both in usefulness and in error detection. Please use the contact information for questions and/or data to contribute to the growing usSEABED information system in the U.S. EEZ.
|Archived April 8, 2019


text: Flight Engineer Koichi Wakata of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, left, Soyuz Commander Mikhail Tyurin of the Russian space agency Roscosmos, and Flight Engineer Rick Mastracchio of NASA, hold the Olympic torch that will be flown with them to the International Space Station, during a press conference on Wednesday. Bill Ingalls/NASA hide caption toggle caption Bill Ingalls/NASA The Two-Way Olympic Torch Relay Headed To Space November 6, 2013 The Olympic torch was launched into space on Wednesday night. It will accompany astronauts on a spacewalk before returning to Earth on Nov. 10.


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According to a new report released by Parks Associates, Dallas, increased competition in the market for residential construction, combined with consumer demand for new technologies in the home, will inevitably drive more home builders to offer pre-installed home networks over the next few years.
The study, [email protected]: Home Builders and Networking Wiring indicates that as many as 48% of all new homes will be pre-wired with structured wiring solutions by the end of 2004. Analysts also estimate the market for structured wiring installations in new starts will exceed $1 billion during the same time frame.
"Many home builders have embraced wired home networks to create product differentiation," says Kurt Scherf, vice president of research and coauthor of the report. "As consumers become increasingly aware of the possibilities inherent in home networking and home control applications, the infrastructure necessary to facilitate these products and services fully will evolve from an option to a requirement in their new homes."
Several factors contribute to the growth of structured wiring installation, including a more informed home-buyer market, trends toward master-planned communities, and the competitive nature of the industry. Furthermore, consumers are becoming increasingly knowledgeable about technology, especially as their dependence on high-tech amenities increases.
For more information on the report, contact Steve Harvey at (972) 490-1113 or e-mail [email protected]


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THURSDAY, March 17, 2011 (HealthDay News) -- Long-term health dangers from the type of airport body scanners that emit radiation are tiny, experts say, but disagreement lingers over the collective cancer risks because of the sheer mass of travelers who pass through them every year.
In a pair of competing articles in the April issue of Radiology, radiation experts David J. Brenner and David A. Schauer debate the benefits and potential hazards posed by backscatter X-ray scanners, which are used to screen up to a billion travelers annually at airport security checkpoints in the United States.
Another type of scanner, which uses millimeter wave technology, does not emit ionizing radiation and has no proven health effects, which Brenner and Schauer agree is the ideal. But U.S. airports use a mix of both scanner types, with the only alternative being the controversial full-body pat-down.
The makers of the backscatter scanners, Rapiscan Systems, have said that the devices emit a dose of radiation equivalent to 1/1000 of a dental X-ray.
"The individual risks are obviously extremely small," said Brenner, director of the Center for Radiological Research at Columbia University in New York City. "A good analogy ... is that it's like a lottery. You buy a ticket, and the chances of winning are minuscule -- but that doesn't mean no one will win the lottery."
"So we won't know who it is who gets these radiation-induced cancers," he added, "but it's going to be someone."
The U.S. Transportation Security Administration started using advanced imaging technology as an extra security precaution in 2007, expanding it to a primary measure in early 2010 after the unsuccessful attempt by a passenger to blow up a plane with explosive powder.
Schauer, executive director of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, contends that adding up trivial risks over large populations or time periods produces a distorted image of risk. In many cases, he noted in his paper, the collective dose increases with the number of people exposed, but the benefits and risks to each person remain constant.
"The risk of health effects from backscatter X-ray systems ... is very small as long as their use is justified, optimized and complies with applicable dose limits," Schauer said. "When these fundamental radiation protection objectives are achieved, the benefit of exposing people to X-rays exceeds any risk."
Radiation doses from backscatter scanners are orders of magnitude smaller than the doses sustained from the 3.6 billion medical scans done each year worldwide that use radiation for diagnostic purposes, Schauer said.
But Brenner noted that scientists have not been able to independently measure radiation doses from backscatter scanners because they have not been granted access to the machines to verify the manufacturer's stated doses.
Peter Rez, a professor of physics at Arizona State University in Tempe, said he thinks both Brenner and Schauer make valid points in their articles.
"It's not as if they're at opposite ends of the spectrum," Rez said. "The risks from a body scanner are equal to or greater than the risks of what you're trying to prevent -- terrorism -- and both risks are very small."
Brenner said he would not hesitate to go through a backscatter scanner on an occasional basis, but he would avoid the process if he were a frequent flyer or an airline employee, who might have to pass through the system several hundred times a year.
But all things considered, he said, he'd rather be screened with the no-radiation millimeter wave scanners, whose cost and effectiveness are similar.
"To me, it's a no-brainer to use a technology with no X-rays," Brenner said. "If you can use millimeter wave scanners ... you surely should."
More information
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has more on the health effects of radiation exposure.


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BOSTON (AP) — The Scott Brown and Elizabeth Warren lawn signs are still dotting the landscape, but in politics-obsessed Massachusetts, speculation is already turning to the next election — or two.
The first is the 2014 race for governor. Democratic Gov. Deval Patrick has pledged not to seek a third term, leaving an open campaign for the state's top elected office.
The second hinges on whether President Barack Obama taps Sen. John Kerry to serve as secretary of state. That would prompt yet another Senate election in Massachusetts, after this year's contest and the 2010 special election. If Kerry remains in the Senate, he faces a re-election campaign in 2014.
Given the drubbing Massachusetts Republicans suffered this week — losing not only the U.S. Senate race, but a close contest in the 6th Congressional District and a handful of Statehouse seats — much of the political chatter is focused on how the party can regain its footing.
Peter Blute, the party's deputy chairman, said it's too early to start writing political obituaries. He blamed the losses on a "wave election" where energized Democrats turned out in droves for the presidential and Senate contests.
Massachusetts has strong Republican candidates, Blute said, including Brown, still one of the most popular Republicans in the state despite his loss Tuesday.
Blute pointed to others potential GOP candidates, including former gubernatorial candidate Charles Baker; Richard Tisei, who lost the 6th District contest to Democratic incumbent U.S. Rep. John Tierney; and state Rep. Daniel Winslow, chief legal counsel for then-Gov. Mitt Romney.
Another potential candidate is former Gov. William Weld, who recently moved back to Massachusetts to take a job as partner with the Mintz Levin law firm.
Weld was on the campaign trail the Sunday before Election Day, cheering Brown on and casting the election as a battle of "man vs. machine."
"Bill Weld would be a great candidate," Blute said. "He had style and aplomb and people remember that."
Democrats have an equally deep political team.
Among possible candidates for governor are state Treasurer Steven Grossman, Lt. Gov. Timothy Murray and Attorney General Martha Coakley. The list of possible Democratic candidates for an open Senate seat may be an even longer, including many members of the U.S. House, such as Rep. Michael Capuano.
And even though he was just elected to his first term in the state's 4th Congressional District, Joseph Kennedy III can't be dismissed as a possible Senate hopeful given how much weight the Kennedy name still holds in Massachusetts.
Publicly, Kerry has said he's focused on his day job, but the speculation around his possible appointment as secretary of state has surged.
Kerry gave an impassioned defense of Obama during the Democratic National Convention. Current Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton has already said she doesn't want to serve another four years.
Despite his loss, Brown has several factors in his favor as a potential candidate: He remains popular, his name recognition is high and he has a statewide political organization.
Whether he wants to endure a third Senate race is an open question, although Brown, deliberately or not, helped stoke expectations during his concession speech when he said, "There are no obstacles you can't overcome and defeat is only temporary."
Asked this week about the possibility of a Kerry departure — which would suddenly make her the state's senior senator — Sen.-elect Warren praised Kerry while tamping down expectations.
"Sen. Kerry is an enormously talented man and a dedicated public servant. I have no doubt he would make an extraordinary secretary of state, but right now he's making tremendous contributions to our country through his work in the United States Senate," Warren said.
Political watchers have also been abuzz about Patrick's future. That buzzing only grew louder at the end of the week when Patrick and wife Diane were invited to a "social dinner" with Obama at the White House.
Patrick, a friend of Obama with whom he shares Chicago roots, played a prominent role in the president's re-election campaign. He delivered a speech at the Democratic National Convention and served as a frequent surrogate for Obama in television appearances.
Patrick has tried to squash talk of any role in an Obama second term, pledging to serve out his final two years as governor.
If Kerry becomes secretary of state, however, Patrick must name an interim senator to fill the vacancy until a special election is held.
Patrick, who said Kerry would be a "terrific secretary of state," said he hasn't thought that far ahead.
"I don't have a secret list," Patrick said. "This is all wild speculation."
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press.
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Jesse Forrest necesitaba un nuevo diseño de página web y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 70 diseños de 15 diseñadores freelance.
FindSportsNow is the first and only centralized location for sports and recreational listings in the United States. It is used to connect people to the leagues, teams, clubs, pickup-games and classes that interest them most.
In addition to finding favorite activities, FindSportsNow allows users to add to the site and help it grow. Once signed up, users can add events and information to get everyone else involved.
Our primary target audience is active people, interested in sports and/or recreational activities.
As a guide, we like the style of the following websites:
- Twitter.com
- Sportsvite.com
- Tweetvite.com
- Lijit.com
- Mint.com
- Storybird.com
We have four primary requirements that must be met :
1. A new FindSportsNow.com logo
2. A 2-column page template
3. A 1-column page template
4. A new home page template
1. With the new site templates, we need a new logo. We need a full color logo, along with a gray scale version. The logo must look good on a white background (for print). It must say "FindSportsNow.com" and have our slogan "Find it. Join it." underneath. For an example, look at:
2. Most of our site pages use a 2-column layout. A page must be comprised of the following:
- Top links section
- Top logo bar
- Top site location bar
- Body Left Column
- Body Right Column
- Bottom Advertisement
- Bottom Footer
For an example, look at:
3. Identical to the 2-column layout, but no need for a right column. For an example, look at:
4. We need our home page to stand out. Please take a look at it and see how you can spice it up. However, please do not put a map of the United States in place of the state links. We want to keep the site simple and clean.
Be creative. Please take a look at the sites we like, listed above, for a general style guide. Please keep it simple and clean.
Also, if you can make a favicon, we would appreciate it :)


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Introducing Algenist Skin Care and a Giveaway./
A few months ago I watched this new skincare brand Algenist sell out a trial set on QVC. Every other time I have seen it on air, it sells out over and over. I knew it must have said something about the brand, and I couldn't wait to try it. Not only have I put it to the test over the last month, I had two of my friends test it out too, so you can hear how we all felt about this new brand of breakthrough skin care.
First, a bit about the brand. Algenist is a line of advanced anti-aging skincare products formulated with breakthrough ingredient Alguronic Acid. Algenist's biotechnology scientists unexpectedly discovered Alguronic Acid after studying thousands of micro algae strains themselves in harsh environments and conditions. When researched for potential anti-aging benefits, Alguronic Acid demonstrated significant results with regenerative and protective properties.
What does that mean? To me, it means that Alguronic Acid is an ingredient that works hard to regenerate the skin, while protecting it from the harsh elements as well.
There are eight products in the line so far, which are broken down into three categories:
- Gentle Rejuventating Cleanser ($25) - Deeply cleanses and revives the skin while maintaining skin moisture levels
Delay and Restore
- Regenerative Anti-Aging Moisturizer ($90 for 2 oz., $135 for 4 oz.) - Nourishes and restores moisture, minimizes fine lines and wrinkles, increases radiance
- Regenerative Anti-Aging Moisturizer SPF 20 ($90) - Nourishes and restores moisture, minimizes fine lines and wrinkles, increases radiance, UVA/UVB protection
- Regenerative Anti-Aging Lotion ($75) - Nourishes and hydrates, minimizes fine lines and wrinkles, increases brightness
- Overnight Restorative Cream ($90) - Deeply nourishes, strengthens skin, renews, repairs and restores skin overnight
- Complete Eye Renewal Balm ($65) - Renews eye area, decreases puffiness and dark circles, repairs signs of fatigue and aging
- Concentrated Reconstructing Serum ($95) - Minimizes deep wrinkles, increases skin elasticity and soothes skin texture
- Targeted Age Correcting Serum ($79) - Corrects and resurfaces the skin, diminishes dark spots and age spots, evens skin tone
You do not need all of the products, just four or five depending on your needs. I suggest using the cleanser, one of the serums, one of the moisturizers, the eye balm, and the overnight cream if you feel you need to add this instead of the regular moisturizer.
Does it work? Three of us gals aged 32 - 44 put it to the test. We each tried out five of the products: the Gentle Rejuvenating Cleanser, Concentrated Reconstructing Serum (the star product of the line), the Complete Eye Renewal Balm, the Regenerative Anti-Aging Lotion (I tried the Moisturizer) and the Overnight Restorative Cream.
Laurie, 32, shares her thoughts on the system.
I was so excited to try this line. Being a QVC beauty addict, I also saw the products sell out and couldn't wait to hear about it from Teri. I was thrilled to be able to test it out. I have been using all of the products religiously for 3 weeks. In one word: wow! My skin is definitely more energized and looks it. I can say that my skin looks better, brighter, more firm and just better. I have been using the system twice a day, morning and night.
I like the cleanser as it wakes me up with it's fresh, herbal scent and like the lather that washes all my makeup, oil and dirt away. I notice my wrinkles diminishing as I gently rub the Reconstructing Serum into my skin. I use about 1/4 of the eye dropper full of serum for my face and neck. It absorbs instantly and I think I could almost stop there because it also seems to really hydrate my skin. The Complete Eye Renewal Balm is luxurious and I use a very tiny amount of this. I use the tip of a cream spatula I have and I think I use about the size of a pinhead under and around each eye. It brightens my eye area and makes me look more awake. I finish with the Regenerative Anti-Aging Lotion during the day and use the Overnight Restorative Cream at night. I love the feel of the lotion during the day, but I feel like I almost don't even need it because I said above, my skin feels very hydrated after using the serum. It absorbs really well into my skin and almost feels like a primer as it marries with the serum to create the soft and smooth finish. I use two pumps of this on my face and one pump on my neck. I wish there were a sunscreen in the lotion and think that would be a great benefit to it.
I would say that my favorite product in the ine is the Concentrated Reconstructing Serum, with the Overnight Restorative Cream a second. I like how that works on my skin while I sleep and leaves my skin looking more bright and fresh as I wake up.
Anne, 41, shares her thoughts on the line.
I am a Physicians Assistant with very damaged skin from too many years spent in the sun. I try all sorts of products from my dermatologist and say that this line is worthy of a dermatologist recommendation and am really surprised I haven't seen it at derm offices, as this is the type of product I equate it with, especially with all of the science behind it.
I like what the system has done to my skin over the past month. From the cleanser to the overnight cream, I have been using them all as instructed. I like the way the cleanser lathers a bit, but not too much. It removes all my makeup, even stubborn eye makeup at the end of the day. I really enjoy it. After cleansing, I use the eye balm. I really like the eye balm as I have dark circles (genetic) and some wrinkles. I think this eye balm not only hydrates my entire eye area, it really plumps up my lines making them look not as bad - sort of filled in. I LOVE the Concentrated Reconstructing Serum and I don't think I ever want to be without this again. It is pricey, but after applying it does so much good to my skin. It is brighter, tighter and my dark spots seem to be fading already, after using this for only a month. I will continue to buy this. I am about half way through the bottle using it twice a day, but I will fit it into my budget to keep on buying. The lotion is the perfect consistency for me, and I like the light, fresh scent of it. I do add in a drop of my favorite sunscreen and mix them before applying. The Overnight Resorative Cream is a five star product in my book. It sinks into my dry skin and I love how I look when I wake up.
Teri asked me what my favorite product was form the line and I can clearly say it is the Concentrated Reconstructing Serum for the reasons I listed above. I will be re-purchasing.
Finally, I would like to share my thoughts on the line.
As I feel llike I am in my prime, yet my skin not, I look hard and continually try new skincare products to get my skin in better shape. I would say that I will be keeping a few of these in my skincare regimen for a long time.
Like the others, I found the cleanser refreshing and was surprised that it removed all of my makeup while not stripping my skin or leaving it feeling dry. After cleansing, I apply a toner, then I use the Concentrated Reconstructing Serum. I was very impressed the way this serum had just enough slip and hydration to help it sink into my skin without feeling too serum-like. I have a love-hate relationship with serums and many of them irritate my sensitive skin. The fact that this one did nothing but soother it was a huge plus for me. I'd love to try the Targeted Age Correcting Serum as well and wonder if I should use them together or one am and one pm. AS age spots are a big concern of mine, I 'd really like to try it considering how gentle the Reconstructing Serum is on my skin. I am in love with the Eye Renewal Balm and I will be using this from her on out, even if just as part of my morning routine. This eye balm sinks into my undereye area and instantly gets rid of the puffiness and fills in my lines. Whether it is working together with the serum, I don't know, but like Laurie and Anne, I noticed how my lines seemed to plump out and fill in. I have uses this eye balm twice a day for the month that I have been testing this, and it looks like i have barely touched the jar, maybe using 1/8 of the jar. I would say at $65, this is a bargain for what it does. I finish up my regimen with the Regenerative Anti-Aging Moisturizer SPF 20 for the day and the Overnight Restorative Cream at night. I do like the moisturizer, but felt it a bit heavy for daytime use under makeup, even with my very dry skin, I attribute this to how well the serum works too because I fell it really seals in my skin natural moisture. The Overnight Cream is a nice way to end the day as it sinks in my skin, really hydrating it, helping me wake up to better looking skin every day.
I really liked the Reconstructing Serum as well as the Eye Renewal Balm, which I would say is my favorite from the line. Like I said, I will continue using the Eye Renewal Balm and consider it my new favorite eye cream.
Algenist Skin Care can be purchased online at Algenist.com as well as in Sephora or on QVC.
Now, here is your chance to try the star product, the Concentrated Reconstructing Serum for yourself. The brand has given me five bottles to giveaway so you can see just how good it is for you too. Enter by leaving me a comment (click on comments above under the title), telling me why you would like to try this serum from Algenist.
Rules: Five winners will receive (1) Algenist Concentrated Reconstructing Serum. You must be at least 13 years old to enter, and have a United States mailing address. Please, only one entry per email address. Multiple entries will be deleted and disqualify you. Please leave an email address where required (only we will see this and never share!) so that we can contact you. Giveaway entries must be received by 11:59 PM EST on October 11, 2011. Winners will be chosen and notified by email on October 12, 2011 and will have just 48 hours to respond or a new winner will be selected. Prize provided by brand representative.


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From industrial and manufacturing R&D to leading-edge scientific experiments or electrical engineering course practical sessions, almost every electronics laboratory requires test probes and leads. Test lab managers and purchasers will find an extensive choice of commonly used and specialist leads and probes here, suitable for measuring and testing. Select from top-quality laboratory cables, including BNC connectors and HF (high frequency) test leads from well-known manufacturers. Colour coding is easily possible, well beyond the conventional red and black for positive and negative polarity. A wide variety of cable lengths caters for benchtop installations requiring only short leads, to larger applications with leads that are two metres long. Differing diameters of test leads and cables are designed for maximum current capacities required; please check individual cable specifications for voltage limits and impedance. Test probes with pins, hooks and clips can be attached to multimeter probe connections or circuit posts to enable hands-free work, with continuous measurement and monitoring of input and output voltages or signals. Notably, crocodile clips or clamps are sometimes also referred to as alligator clips. Finally, a selection of different designs of convenient test lead holders and cable organisers helps to ensure that cables are stowed neatly and remain well organised and ready for use when needed.
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Biz and Theresa talk about partner resentment and try to figure out WHOSE FAULT THIS IS. It must be somebody's, right? (oh, hahaha...It's obv our partners' fault.) Plus, Biz needs someone to put a triscuit in her mouth and Theresa deals out some hard truths to Biz. And, Theresa has a new TV show obsession and Biz's baby is a vocal music prodigy. No guest this week which means we have plenty of time to gush about our personal lives to a moderately inappropriate extent!
Subscribe to One Bad Mother in iTunes
Join our mailing list!
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Check us out on Facebook and like us!
Share your genius and fail moments! Call 206-350-9485
Show Music
Opening theme: Summon the Rawk, Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Anthem, Awesome, Beehive Sessions (http://awesomeinquotes.com, also avail on iTunes)
Mom Song, Adira Amran, Hot Jams For Teens (www.adiraamram.com, available on iTunes)
Closing music: Mama Blues, Cornbread Ted and the Butterbeans (www.cornbreadted.com and available on iTunes)


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Info Agency Main Banner Content
Section 6: Other Notices of Liens
Administrative Rules
Section 6 -- Other Notices of Liens:
600 Policy statement. The purpose of rules in this section is to describe records of liens maintained by the filing office created pursuant to statutes other than the UCC that are treated by the filing officer in a manner substantially similar to UCC documents and are included on request with the reports described in rules 504 and 505.
601 Notice of federal tax lien. This section is not applicable in Indiana.
602 Notice of state tax lien. This section is not applicable in Indiana.
603 Notice of other lien in favor of a governmental body. This section is not applicable in Indiana.
604 Agricultural liens. These are non-UCC agricultural liens that fall under one of the following categories:
The "Thresher's" Lien prescribed in IC 32-8-33-1
The "Blacksmith's" Lien prescribed in IC 32-8-21-1
The Lien on Crops Paid as Rent prescribed in IC 32-7-1-18
604.1 Mechanics of filing. Agricultural liens are filed in the same manner as an initial financing statement and may use all forms and formats of communication permitted to be used in connection with initial financing statements. Each communication of a record of an agricultural lien must identify itself as such. They are indexed by debtor name and will be revealed by searches under rules 504 and 505.
604.1.1 Where to file. Agricultural liens are filed with the county recorder's office in the county where the debtor is located.
604.1.2 Fee. The fees for such filings are the same as those described in rule 111.
604.1.3 Duration. Agricultural liens are treated in substantially the same manner as financing statements and therefore lapse if not continued.
604.2 Mechanics of search.
604.2.1 Fee for search. The fee for a search for an agricultural lien record is the same as the fee listed in rule 111.
604.2.2 Search available with UCC search. An agricultural lien search may be done simultaneously with a UCC search.
605 Notice of lien in favor of a private individual or entity #2. This section is not applicable.
Numbers 606 through 699 are reserved.


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Paulo Sotero – Wilson Center/The Huffington Post, 11/09/2012
The growing presence of Brazilian global companies in the United Stated, complementing traditionally strong American investments in Brazil, has created a two-way street where common interests are more visible and pressure both governments to recognize the benefits of working together or risk paying a political price for not doing so.
Converging economic interests and similar challenges are emerging as the principal driver of United States-Brazil relations in the years ahead. A reelected President Barack Obama and President Dilma Rousseff, at the half mark of her government, are confronted with daunting tasks. Both need to significantly improve the economic performance of their countries in the face of political major obstacles at home, and an adverse economic outlook abroad. In both countries, sustainable growth will require investment in infrastructure, education and innovation more than consumption. How they respond will determine the success or failure of their administrations. It will also affect the two countries' bilateral relationship and their regional and global standing.
After four years of anemic recovery and a victory on November 6th without a clear political mandate,, President Obama has now to find a path of economic growth that reduces unemployment while avoiding the pitfalls of a fragile fiscal and financial situation, which, if mishandled, could easily throw the United States and the world economy back into recession.


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iOS supports optimized client roaming on enterprise Wi-Fi networks. The 802.11 Working Group standards k, r, and v let clients roam more seamlessly from access point (AP) to AP within the same network.
The 802.11k standard helps iOS to speed up its search for nearby APs that are available as roaming targets by creating an optimized list of channels. When the signal strength of the current AP weakens, your device will scan for target APs from this list.
When your iOS device roams from one AP to another on the same network, 802.11r uses a feature called Fast Basic Service Set Transition (FT) to authenticate more quickly. FT works with both preshared key (PSK) and 802.1X authentication methods.
iOS 10 and later includes support for adaptive 802.11r on Cisco wireless networks. Adaptive 802.11r offers FT without the need to enable 802.11r on the configured Cisco wireless network.
iOS supports the basic service set (BSS) transition-management functionality of 802.11v on certain devices. BSS transition management allows the network's control layer to influence client roaming behavior by providing it the load information of nearby access points. iOS takes this information into account when deciding among the possible roam targets.
When you combine 802.11k and 802.11v's ability to speed up the search for the best target AP with FT's faster AP association, apps can perform faster and you get a better Wi-Fi experience in iOS.
Learn more
Most Wi-Fi network hardware vendors support 802.11k, 802.11v, and 802.11r (FT). You need to enable and configure these features on your Wi-Fi router before your network can use them. Setup varies, so check your Wi-Fi router's manual for details.
The lists below show which iOS devices support 802.11k, 802.11r, and 802.11v. To use 802.11k and 802.11r, you need iOS 6 or later. To use 802.11v, you need iOS 7 or later. To use adaptive 802.11r, you need iOS 10 or later.
802.11k and r
- iPhone 4s and later
- iPad Pro and later
- iPad Air and later
- iPad mini and later
- iPad (3rd generation) and later
- iPod touch (5th generation) and later
Adaptive 802.11r
- iPhone 6s and later
- iPad Pro and later
- iPad (5th generation)
- iPad (6th generation)
- iPhone 5c, iPhone 5s, and later
- iPad Pro and later
- iPad Air and later
- iPad mini 2 and later
- iPad (5th generation)
- iPad (6th generation)
- iPod touch (6th generation)
All iOS devices also support pairwise master key identifier caching (PMKID caching) with iOS 5.1 and later. You can use PMKID caching with some Cisco equipment to improve roaming between APs. Sticky key caching (SKC) is a form of PMKID caching. SKC is not equivalent to, nor compatible with, opportunistic key caching (OKC).
To support adaptive 802.11r, the Cisco network must be using controller code version 8.3 or later.
Find more information about roaming with iOS 8 or later. Learn more about these standards from the IEEE website:
Learn how to identify iOS device models:


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Dads don't have to be professional athletes to be cool. OK, maybe it helps.
But you're already a great dad, right? And that's the hard part.
So, to add cool to your job description, how about arming yourself with nifty sports know-how, courtesy of "Cool Sports Dad: 75 Amazing Sporting Tricks to Teach and Impress Your Kids" (Skyhorse Publishing), by David Fischer?
This compilation of tips is filled with advice from pros in their respective fields. None is more than a few pages long, getting to the heart of workaday skills (such as fielding grounders, from MLB infielder David Eckstein) to the more challenging (how to escape a sand trap, from golf legend Gary Player) to the less-ubiquitous-but-seriously-flashy (spinning a basketball on your finger, from Harlem Globetrotter Michael "Wild Thing" Wilson).
Two chapters also cover less familiar sports, as well as outdoor games, such as darts, lacrosse and even surfing.
This book is geared to dad, but the kids can be girls and boys. Moreover, several contributors are women, leading us to note that nobody — including pro hockey player Jason Arnott — is stopping mom from helping her child master a slap shot. (Hint: Twist your hips when shooting!)
Each chapter leads off with a quick tip, followed by more precise information on the skill. We share a few here:
Boxing out for a rebound (Herb Brown, NBA assistant coach): Anticipate every shot will be missed.
Firing a fastball (All-Star pitcher Jason Marquis): Generate power from your legs, not your arm.
Scoring on a penalty shot (Olympic soccer medalist Heather O'Reilly): Don't reveal where you are going to kick the ball. The goalkeeper will be watching your eyes for a clue, she says, so once you decide which corner to aim at — don't look there.
Throwing a bull's-eye dart (Steve Brown, inducted into the National Darts Hall of Fame): Aim with your throwing arm, not your eyes.
Whatever you do, sports or not (from Globetrotter Wilson): Practice. A lot.
Dads don't have to be professional athletes to be cool. OK, maybe it helps.