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Maintained by: The LDraw.org Standards Committee
Author: The LDraw.org Standards Committee
Writers: Steve Bliss, Orion Pobursky, Willy Tschager, William Howard
Contributors: Many
Revision: 1.0.2, 29-Apr-2012
Describing LEGO® bricks and models in a virtual environment is a challenging prospect. In 1995 James Jessiman developed just such a system with his LDraw program and file format. Since then the LDraw file format has grown to be the standard by which most create LEGO® models on the computer.
The aim of this document is to compile and consolidate James's original file specification with selected additions made since.
All LDraw files are text based.
LDraw files must be created in the UTF-8 encoding of the Unicode character set. The byte order mark (BOM) must not appear in LDraw files. LDraw software may choose to reject files containing the BOM.
Note: Previous versions of the LDraw.org File Format did not specify a text encoding for LDraw files. Software not using UTF-8 has been widely deployed. Parsers are recommended to confirm that a file is valid UTF-8, and if not, to attempt either (a) opening the file using the Microsoft Windows code page most appropriate for the current language, or (b) open the file using Windows Code Page 1252. These fallback recommendations are encouraged for all software platforms, since they follow the behavior of the overwhelming majority of non-Unicode LDraw editors.
The requirement for LDraw files to conform to the DOS 8.3 filename convention has been removed. Filenames should not exceed 255 characters (including the extension). Special characters, such as &, #, |, and ?, should be avoided as they may also cause cross-platform issues and create problems when used in URLs. It is noted that long filenames and filenames with non-DOS permitted characters may not work with (older) software that does not fully support this specification.
All LDraw files carry the LDR (default), DAT or MPD extension.
An LDraw file consists of one command per line. There is no line length restriction. Each command consists of optional leading whitespace followed by whitespace-delimited tokens. Some commands also have trailing arbitrary data which may itself include internal whitespace; such data is not tokenized, but treated as single unit according to the command.
Whitespace is defined as one or more spaces (#32), tabs (#9), or combination thereof.
Lines may also be empty or consist only of whitespace. Such lines have no effect.
If a line is non-empty, the first token must be an integer from the list of valid Line Type numbers. This number dictates further parsing of tokens for that line. The parsing rules per linetype follow below.
All lines in the file must use the standard DOS/Windows line termination of <CR><LF> (carriage return/line feed). The file is permitted (but not required) to end with a <CR><LF>. It is recommended that all LDraw-compliant programs also be capable of reading files with the standard Unix line termination of <LF> (line feed).
LDraw uses a right-handed co-ordinate system where -Y is "up".
Notes: These real world approximations are just that: approximations. While they can be used for determiming the LDraw equivalent of a portion of a physical part (for example, the curve of a surface), key points on such portions should be verified by reference to interactions with real parts. For example, it is usually possible to build a framework of bricks and plates to "hug" the curve and act as reference points. When using these dimensions to determine a pattern they should only be used for small areas/detail. Large areas should be measured in multiples of plate/brick dimensions with any "left-over" being converted with the above approximations.
The line type of a line is the first number on the line. The line types are:
If the line type of the command is invalid, the line is ignored.
Line type 0 has two uses. One use is a comment the other is as a META command.
If the first line of a file is a line type 0 the remainder of the line is considered the file title (see Library Header specification). This overrides any META commands on that line.
A comment line is formatted:
0 // <comment>
0 <comment>
<comment> is any string
The form
0 // <comment> is preferred as the
// marker clearly indicates that the line is a comment, thereby permitting parsers to stop processing the line.
The form
0 <comment> is deprecated.
A META command is a statement used to tell an LDraw compatible program to do something. There are currently many official META commands and even more unofficial META commands. In a META command, a keyword follows the line type in the line. The keyword must be in all caps. The generic META line format is:
0 !<META command> <additional parameters>
! is used to positively identify this as a META command. (Note: A few official meta commands do not start with a
! in order to preserve backwards compatibility, however, all new official META commands must start with a
! and it is strongly recommended that new unofficial meta-commands also start with a
<META command> is any string in all caps
<additional parameters> is any string. Note that if a META command does not require any additional parameter, none should be given.
For a list of official META commands, see the META commands section.
For a list of unofficial META commands, see the unofficial META commands article.
Line type 1 is a sub-file reference. The generic format is:
1 <colour> x y z a b c d e f g h i <file>
<colour> is a number representing the colour of the part. See the Colours section for allowable colour numbers.
x y z is the x y z coordinate of the part
a b c d e f g h iis a top left 3x3 matrix of a standard 4x4 homogeneous transformation matrix. This represents the rotation and scaling of the part. The entire 4x4 3D transformation matrix would then take either of the following forms:
/ a d g 0 \ / a b c x \ | b e h 0 | | d e f y | | c f i 0 | | g h i z | \ x y z 1 / \ 0 0 0 1 /The above two forms are essentially equivalent, but note the location of the transformation portion (x, y, z) relative to the other terms.
u' = a*u + b*v + c*w + x v' = d*u + e*v + f*w + y w' = g*u + h*v + i*w + z
<file> is the filename of the sub-file referenced and must be a valid LDraw filename. Any leading and/or trailing whitespace must be ignored. Normal token separation is otherwise disabled for the filename value.
Line type 1 should never use the colour 24.
(The complement colour is neither unique nor symmetric. The complement of the complement of colour X is not necessarily colour X. Using colour 24 for line type 1 will therefore lead to unexpected/undefined results.)
Sub-files can be located in the LDRAW\PARTS sub-directory, the LDRAW\P sub-directory, the LDRAW\MODELS sub-directory, the current file's directory, a path relative to one of these directories, or a full path may be specified. Sub-parts are typically stored in the LDRAW\PARTS\S sub-directory and so are referenced as s\subpart.dat, while hi-res primitives are stored in the LDRAW\P\48 sub-directory and so referenced as 48\hires.dat
While there is no specified limit on how deep sub-files may be nested, there are probably practical limitations imposed by individual software programs.
There are many on-line references about transformation matrices, one such reference is The POV-RAY Matrix Page
Line type 2 is a line drawn between two points. The generic format is:
2 <colour> x1 y1 z1 x2 y2 z2
<colour> is a number representing the colour of the part, typically this is 24 - the edge colour. See the Colours section for allowable colour numbers.
x1 y1 z1 is the coordinate of the first point
x2 y2 z2 is the coordinate of the second point
Line type 2 (and also 5) is typically used to edge parts. When used in this manner colour 24 must be used for the line. Line type 2 can also be used to represent fine detail in patterns (cf some torso patterns) and when used in this manner any colour may be used for the line [This emphasis line technique is no longer accepted]. It should be remembered that not all renderers display line types 2 and 5
Line type 3 is a filled triangle drawn between three points. The generic format is:
3 <colour> x1 y1 z1 x2 y2 z2 x3 y3 z3
<colour> is a number representing the colour of the part. See the Colours section for allowable colour numbers.
x1 y1 z1 is the coordinate of the first point
x2 y2 z2 is the coordinate of the second point
x3 y3 z3 is the coordinate of the third point
See also the comments about polygons at the end of the Line Type 4 section.
Line type 4 is a filled quadrilateral (also known as a "quad") drawn between four points. The generic format is:
4 <colour> x1 y1 z1 x2 y2 z2 x3 y3 z3 x4 y4 z4
<colour> is a number representing the colour of the part. See the Colours section for allowable colour numbers.
x1 y1 z1 is the coordinate of the first point
x2 y2 z2 is the coordinate of the second point
x3 y3 z3 is the coordinate of the third point
x4 y4 z4 is the coordinate of the fourth point
While no specific order (winding) is required, the points of the quadrilateral must be declared in either a clockwise (CW) or counter-clockwise (CCW) order (see BFC statements). The "good" example exhibits clockwise winding. If the points were given in the order 1, 4, 3, 2, they would exhibit counter-clockwise winding and also be considered as "good". The "bad" example illustrates a "bow-tie" or "hour-glass" quad.
The four points must lie within a plane. Quads should not contain three co-linear points (they should be reduced to a triangle). Quads must not be concave (two or more other polygons must be used instead).
Co-planar polygons (line types 3 and 4) may overlap only if they are the same colour. Any such overlap must be kept to a minimum as it affects the render quality of transparent parts.
Polygons may intersect, but any such intersection must be kept to a minimum as it affects the render quality of transparent parts.
Where possible, abutting polygons should share common verticies. That is, if polygons ABCD and EGF abut along the line AEFB, A and E should be the same point and F and B should be the same point. [If A and E are the same point but F and B are not the same point, the pixel approximations of lines A'B' and A'F' (where A' represents the pixel point of A - which will be subject to integer truncation) may not be the same along the length A'F'. This will result in holes being visible in the part, especially at high magnification/resolution, and is the primary cause of "dot creep" when rotating parts.] Where practical, if A and E (and/or F and B) are not the same point, one or other or both of the polygons should be decomposed into two or more smaller polygons such that they share common verticies.
In the diagram, ABCD has been decomposed into the quad AFCD and the tri FBC
It is strongly recommended that polygons do not use colour 24 (the complement colour).
(The rendition of a colour 24 polygon in a main file is implementation dependant (and may not be rendered at all), while the rendition of a colour 24 polygon in a sub-file is configurable, and so may not give the expected results in all situations/renderers.)
Line type 5 is an optional line. The generic format is:
5 <colour> x1 y1 z1 x2 y2 z2 x3 y3 z3 x4 y4 z4
<colour> is a number representing the colour of the part, typically this is 24 - the edge colour. See the Colours section for allowable colour numbers.
x1 y1 z1 is the coordinate of the first point
x2 y2 z2 is the coordinate of the second point
x3 y3 z3 is the coordinate of the first control point
x4 y4 z4 is the coordinate of the second control point
With an optional line, a line between the first two points will only be drawn if the projections of the last two points (the control points) onto the screen are on the same side of an imaginary line through the projections of the first two points onto the screen.
The optional line can be a difficult concept to grasp. The best way to demonstrate how they work is through a picture.
5 24 Bx By Bz Ex Ey Ez Ax Ay Az Cx Cy Cz
A and C are on the same side of the green line through BE, so BE is drawn.
5 24 Cx Cy Cz Fx Fy Fz Bx By Bz Dx Dy Dz
B and D are not on the same side of the red line through CF, so CF is not drawn.
This serves to "outline" the edges of the curved surface, which is the intent of optional lines.
As seen above, the control points usually can be choosen from already known points in the object. Since they are never drawn, they can be located anywhere, as long as they have the right controlling properties.
See also the colour comments at the end of the Line Type 2 section.
The official colours are defined via Colour Definition statements in the ldconfig.ldr file
See the LDraw.org Colour Definition Language Extension for a description of the Colour Definition Meta statement
The colour numbers 16 and 24 are reserved and must not be used in Colour Definition statements.
Colour 16 is referred to as the "main colour" or "current colour". When a sub-file is referenced by another file all the colour 16 command lines are displayed using the colour of the line that referenced it.
1 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 part.dat
All the colour 16 command lines in part.dat will be displayed using colour 4
Colour 24 is referred to as the "complement colour" or "edge colour". Colour 24 is most commonly used for line types 2 (line) and 5 (optional line). When a sub-file is referenced by another file all the colour 24 command lines are displayed using the complement colour of the line that referenced it. The complement colour of a given colour is defined in the Colour Definition for that colour.
1 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 part.dat
All the colour 24 command lines in part.dat will be displayed using the complement colour of colour 4
Use of colour 24 for line types other than 2 and 5 is strongly discouraged.
See the LDraw Colour Chart for a complete list of the LDraw colour number equivalents to the official LEGO colours.
Direct Colours are colour numbers that represent RGB values using the form 0x2RRGGBB, where RRGGBB is the exact RGB value in hexadecimal notation. For example, 0x2008000 would produce dark green with RGB of (0 red, 128 green, 0 blue). All letters (A-F) used in the specification of RGB values must be in upper case.
LDraw compatible visualization applications shall be capable of displaying Direct RGB Values from Patterned Parts that contain these colours. For applications that support part authoring, it is recommended that the program provide a graphical aid for choosing a Direct RGB Value. The use of Direct RGB Values is discouraged in model authoring. Therefore, applications that support model authoring should favour colours from LDConfig.ldr.
LDraw compatible visualization applications that once supported dithered colours should continue to do so in the display of parts and models that may contain a dithered colour code. However, dithered colours have been made obsolete and will not be contained within any new official parts. These colours should be removed from any graphical aids for choosing colours, and should not be added to any new graphical aids for choosing colours. New applications are not required to support these colours.
These "dithered" colours are defined based on a modification of ldraw.exe's original behavior that uses RGB blending instead of dithering. The original ldraw.exe drew them as a 50/50 checkerboard dither of two of its standard 16 colours. Since modern computers all support true colour, they will instead be drawn as a blend of the two input colors, which is calculated as the average of two original ldraw.exe colours.
The two input colour indexes are calculated as follows:
n1 = (nb - 256) / 16
n2 = (nb - 256) mod 16
n1 is the index of input colour 1, nb is the index of the blended color, and n2 is the index of input colour 2.
Once n1 and n2 are determined, the colour of the blended colour is calculated using the following equations:
Rb = (R1 + R2) / 2
Gb = (G1 + G2) / 2
Bb = (B1 + B2) / 2
Rb, Gb, Bb are the red, green, and blue components of the blended colour; R1, G1, B1 are the red, green, and blue components of the first input colour; and R2, G2, B2 are the red, green, and blue components of the second input colour.
The red, green, and blue components of the original 16 ldraw.exe colours are as follows:
0: 51, 51, 51
1: 0, 51, 178
2: 0, 127, 51
3: 0, 181, 166
4: 204, 0, 0
5: 255, 51, 153
6: 102, 51, 0
7: 153, 153, 153
8: 102, 102, 88
9: 0, 128, 255
10: 51, 255, 102
11: 171, 253, 249
12: 255, 0, 0
13: 255, 176, 204
14: 255, 229, 0
15: 255, 255, 255
Going the other direction, the blended colour's colour code is calculated using the following equation:
nb = n1 * 16 + n2 + 256
nb is the index of the blended colour, n1 is the index of the first input colour, and n2 is the index of the second input colour.
Meta commands (or meta statements) are a powerful way to extend the File Format Specification to enable the inclusion of meta data (such as author name, keywords, category, etc) and processing instructions (such as step, bfc, etc) within the data file. Reference the formal META command defintion in the Line Type 0 section
(See also List of Official META Commands)
For historical reasons, the original meta commands are defined as part of the file format specification, while others are defined in seperate language extension documents.
See the Official Library Header Specification
Marks the end of a building step
The Step command causes the original LDraw program to pause until the Enter key is pressed. Additionally a bitmap of the currently displayed parts in the model is saved to the LDRAW\BITMAP directory. Therefore, for the original LDraw program,
0 STEP is shorthand for
0 SAVE followed by
Other programs may interpret this META command differently.
Displays a message
0 WRITE <message>Or
0 PRINT <message>
<message> is a string of any length.
The Write or Print commands cause the original LDraw program to display a message to the screen. This message is not saved on any bitmaps.
Other programs may interpret this META command differently.
Clears the screen
This command causes all previous drawn sub-files and line types to be cleared (erased). Any following line types are drawn as normal.
Pauses the drawing of a file
This command stops the further parsing of lines until the Enter key is pressed. Unlike the Step command, Pause does not save a bitmap of the currently displayed model to the LDRAW\BITMAP directory.
Saves a bitmap of the current drawing
Saves a bitmap of the current drawing in the LDRAW\BITMAP directory. Unlike the Step command, this command does not cause the program to pause.
Indicates the type of file (model, part, etc), and if it is part of the LDraw.org Parts Library.
0 !LDRAW_ORG <type> (qualifier(s)) (update-tag)or
0 LDRAW_ORG <type> update-tagor
0 Official LCAD <type> update-tagor
0 Unofficial <type>
0 Un-official <type>
The first format (
!LDRAW_ORG) is the current standard for files in the official parts library. Older files still carry the second and third (
Official LCAD) formats. The valid values for the
<type> field are:
* = values currently in use for official part files.
- = only used in unofficial files + = obsolete/deprecated, still appears on some files.
Some older official files do not include a type code on their File Type line. Unofficial files may have a variety of values after the initial tag. The exact format of the File Type line has changed over time. In general, parsers should consider this line to be case-insensitive and free-format.
See the CATEGORY and KEYWORDS Language Extension
See the MPD Language Extension
See the LDraw Language Extension for Back Face Culling (BFC)
See the list of known META commands and the programs that use them
The following guidelines should be followed by developers when adding new META command functionality to their LDraw.org compatible programs:


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Last month we wrote about the F-35's destiny of becoming the Allied fighter of the 21st century.
This picture posted by @JimmySky from the F-35 Program Office suggests Lockheed has no illusions about where the success of the new fighter lies (sorry for the glare, but the guy is at work using his iPhone).
The poster shows nine Joint Strike Fighters in formation, painted with flags from Denmark, Canada, Netherlands, Britain, Italy, Turkey, Norway, and the U.S. flying center.
In the logo below are the words Lethal, Survivable, Supportable, and Affordable. At least three of those seem to be accurate, but the cost estimates of the program continue to rise.
Buyers have a choice of three configurations for the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. While all three share 80 percent of their parts, the variations are:
- F-35A, conventional take off and landing (CTOL) variant.
- F-35B, short-take off and vertical-landing (STOVL) variant.
- F-35C, carrier-based CATOBAR (CV) variant.
Lockheed promises the F-35 will be four times more effective than contemporary fighters in air-to-ground combat, three times more effective in reconnaissance and suppression, with better range, improved support, and equal costs.
Regardless of which configurations allies choose or how long it will take to get them, the F-35 likely has too many countries on board, that have invested too much, to ever let it fail.

subset: commoncrawl


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WASHINGTON, Oct. 11, 2011 — Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack today highlighted positive changes in the school meals programs to promote children's health during National School Lunch Week, Oct. 10-14. USDA, along with its partners, celebrate the program's accomplishments, including the achievements of HealthierUS School Challenge honorees and the enactment of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010.
"Historic reforms in USDA's school meals programs have helped strengthen the nutritional habits of millions of American children," said Vilsack. "USDA's commitment to improving the quality and standards of food in our schools, coupled with efforts to increase physical activity, will enable more children to lead healthier lifestyles and put them on a path to a brighter future."
Since President Obama signed the HHFKA into law last December, USDA has worked to implement the Act's reforms, including provisions to simplify program administration, expand access and improve nutrition in school meals. And over 1,500 schools across the country have made improvements as part of the Healthier US School Challenge, a key component of First Lady Michelle Obama's Let's Move! initiative to end childhood obesity within a generation. Participating schools voluntarily adopt USDA standards for food they serve at their schools, agree to provide nutrition education, and offer greater opportunities for physical activity.
The theme of this year's National School Lunch Week is "School Lunch – Let's Grow Healthy" and places special emphasis on Farm to School efforts. The initiative connects schools with regional or local farms to serve healthy meals using locally produced foods.
USDA Under Secretary for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services Kevin Concannon said, "Farm to school activities not only inject fresh, locally-produced food into school meals programs, but also provide small farmers with new marketing opportunities and school children with the chance to learn about how food is produced and harvested for consumption."
This week, USDA will visit many schools across the nation to celebrate NSLW. Schools include:
- Highland Gardens Elementary School in Montgomery, Ala.
- Nottingham Elementary School in Arlington, Va.
- Hiawatha Elementary School and Taylor Elementary School in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
- George Washington Elementary School in Baltimore, Md.
- Knoxville Middle School in Knoxville, Iowa.
- Hort Elementary School, (Bakersfield), Calif.
- West Salem Elementary School, West Salem, Wis.
The Healthy, Hunger Free Kids Act of 2010 has brought historic reform to school meal programs. The law takes new steps to address childhood obesity by setting nutritional standards for foods sold in schools, updating requirements for school wellness policies, and providing more nutritional information to parents. It also works to eliminate hunger during the school day by increasing the number of eligible children enrolled in school meal programs and removing barriers to school meals for children most in need.
First Lady Michelle Obama's Let's Move! initiative has worked with schools nationwide to create healthy opportunities for children. This year, we exceeded our goal of doubling the number of schools that meet the HealthierUS School Challenge. We have also engaged child care providers in adopting healthier practices, and this year 1.7 million Americans achieved the Presidential Active Lifestyle Award.
To advance our goals even further, Let's Move! has collaborated with individuals and organizations across our Nation to bring over 800 salad bars to schools, providing thousands of children with greater access to fruits and vegetables. School nutrition professionals, chefs, students, parents, and communities have also used their talents to develop nutritious foods for schools through the Recipes for Healthy Kids competition and the Chefs Move to Schools initiative.


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Reviving my theme of Five on a Friday today.
Today's five –
I have been enjoying trying out some new recipes – partly inspired by being able to find other ingredients in Holland. And landed on Tartelette's blog , which I hadn't visited for a while. I made both the salad and the tabouleh – both were delicious. Just perfect summer food. The galette is going to be on the menu over the weekend !
I fell out of love with Instagram a little bit, when it was bought by Facebook. I like supporting small indie outfits. But I've missed it. The community is really lovely there – like Twitter in pictures, so I'm going to start posting there more regularly again. Do you use Instagram ? Please let me know your name there if you do – I'd love to see your pictures. (You'll find me @rhiannonmc )
I am making a bit of time in my day to get painting again after a couple of weeks where it just seemed hard to fit it in. But it is just so much fun I am making it a priority again. One book that I dip into regularly for a bit of inspiration is Flora Bowley's book Brave Intuitive Painting.
I also always enjoy popping in to Michael Nobb's Sustainably Creative blog. He records a daily podcast for his subscribers ( which includes me )- but every couple of weeks he makes it available to everyone. ( I think his membership group is currently closed to new subscribers but will open again later in the year.) He is a good advocate for getting things done is small manageable steps. And resting when required.
And finally – do you like getting mail that is more cheerful than brown envelopes ? Mary Gorden has recently opened her Etsy shop and is offering to send out postcards from her upcoming trip to Ireland. Postcards from the road and a set of postcards afterwards from images she shot en route.
My own news is that my "jewellery studio" in Leiden continues to develop. I had a customer drop by and choose some pieces in person. Perhaps later in the year I will do a more "official" trunk show there – perhaps together with a couple of other makers in Leiden. That's an interesting thought. In the meantime you can see the new range here – the next things to be added are some earrings and cufflinks.


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New Policy to be Implemented at All Stadium Events
The Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Tampa Sports Authority and University of South Florida announced today that the National Football League's new bag policy will be in effect for all Raymond James Stadium events beginning with the Buccaneers' home preseason opener against the Baltimore Ravens on Thursday, Aug. 8. The new bag policy, which has been established in order to provide fans with a safer environment and expedited entry on game day, places limits on the size and type of bags which may be brought into Raymond James Stadium. Additionally, the Tampa Sports Authority will enforce the policy for all events taking place at the stadium going forward.
"Our team takes the safety of our fans very seriously," said Buccaneers Chief Operating Officer Brian Ford. "Every year we work diligently with the Tampa Sports Authority to put the best possible security measures in place and the new bag policy, which will now be a part of every event at Raymond James Stadium, is a crucial next step in this process. In an effort to make this a seamless process for our Season Pass Members, we have already begun mailing the NFL approved bags to ensure they arrive prior to next Thursday's preseason home opener."
The bag policy was unanimously recommended in May by the NFL Committee on Stadium Security and will be put into place at all NFL stadiums beginning with preseason games this season. The Tampa Sports Authority will adopt the policy for all events at the stadium which includes USF Bulls football games as well as the annual Outback Bowl and the Monster Jam Series.
"The Tampa Sports Authority has consistently provided a safe and secure environment for our fans at Raymond James Stadium," said Eric Hart, President/CEO of the Tampa Sports Authority, operators of Raymond James Stadium. "This new bag policy being implemented in cooperation with the Bucs, USF and all our other partners, will continue to put public safety as our top priority."
Under the new policy, fans will be allowed to carry in no more than one approved clear bag (not to exceed 12"x6"x12") and up to one small clutch-style bag (not to exceed 4.5"x6.5"). The policy only restricts the type and size of containers used to carry items, but the list of approved items has not changed. Fans may still carry usual items such as keys, wallets, makeup, phones, etc., in pockets or jackets in addition to the approved containers that are detailed below. Patrons with medically necessary items will be screened at specifically designated gate locations.
"The safety of all Bulls' fans is our number one priority, and as a result, we've been working closely with the Buccaneers and the Tampa Sports Authority on this new bag policy," said USF Director of Intercollegiate Athletics Doug Woolard. "It's important that we continue to analyze security measures that will allow all fans to have the best possible gameday experience. We appreciate your support and understanding of these new guidelines."
During stadium events, there will be a secondary perimeter around the stadium where security personnel will check for prohibited items or bags in order to correct situations immediately. This will establish a protected buffer area for fans in plaza-level areas and at the queues for stadium entry.
Fans entering the stadium may carry the following permissible style and size bag:
· Bags that are clear plastic, vinyl or PVC and do not exceed 12" x 6" x 12."
- One-gallon (or smaller) clear plastic bag.
- Small clutch bags, approximately the size of a hand (no larger than 4.5"x6.5"), with or without a handle or strap, may be carried into the stadium along with one of the clear bag options.
- An exception will be made for medically necessary items after proper inspection at specific gates designated for this purpose. Fans should contact Maureen Myers at the Tampa Sports Authority office in advance by calling 813-350-6508 or emailing email@example.com to make special medical needs arrangements.
Prohibited items include, but are not limited to: purses larger than a clutch bag, binocular cases, coolers, briefcases, backpacks, fanny packs, cinch bags, luggage of any kind, seat cushions, computer bags and camera bags or any bag larger than the permissible size. Fans are encouraged to visit www.nfl.com/allclear for all the details regarding the new bag policy as well as answers to frequently asked questions.


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Proper skin care can be a quite challenging task regardless of your skin type, however sensitive skin often rises additional problems due to the numerous factors that can influence the overall result. Although the green beauty routine is to use strong essential oils. Lavender, peppermint or tea tree oil should be used for spot treatments only as they might cause irritations otherwise.Here are some commonly used ingredients that you should look out for whenever you are unsure if the product you are about to purchase is the right one for you.... Read More


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Greeting Card featuring photo of Yogi Berra Painted Glove
Yogi Berra Painted Glove Greeting Card
Photo of Hand-painted baseball glove by artist Sean Kane.
Perfect for sending hand-written notes, displaying on a bookshelf and giving as gifts.
Single greeting card | $4.00 + $1.25 shipping | $5.25
Pack of 6 greeting cards (same design) | $20 + $5 shipping | $25
4.1" x 5.8" inches (folded size)
Blank inside, logo on back
Printed in USA on 17pt satin finish card stock
Packaged in clear cello sleeve with matching white envelope
Shipped in a rigid flat mailer
Ready to Ship in 1-3 days. Need it quicker? Just let me know.
Secure options include credit card processed by PayPal.
Sean Kane Studio never receives your credit card information.
Returns & Exchanges
Contact me within 3 days of delivery.
Ship items back within 14 days of delivery.
If you receive any items that are damaged, please contact me within 3 days of receiving damaged item(s) and I will replace your items and ship them free of charge.
Shipping Policy
I ship from Canada. Shipping times can vary and are not under my control.
The following is a guideline to help give you an idea of typical transit times
USA: Standard Air Mail 7-15 days. Expedited options are available. Please inquire.
Canada: 2-10 business days
Rest of the baseball loving world: Standard Air Mail 7-20 business days
Please be aware that on occasion due to circumstances beyond my control, some orders may take longer to arrive than normal. Usually this is the result of weather or postal excess. If you are experiencing a delay in receiving your order, please let me know but please be aware that I only ship out replacements 30 days after your order was mailed. Lost orders are very rare but postal delays do happen unfortunately.
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Sean Kane's baseball glove art is in the collection of the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. His work has been commissioned by the Philadelphia Phillies, the Cal Ripken Sr. Foundation and members of the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Inquires about paintings and commissioning glove artworks are welcome. Please contact firstname.lastname@example.com or telephone 519-836-5647.


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WINTER HAVEN, Fla. – Less than 12 hours after a tough loss to McDaniel College, the Beacons woke up Thursday morning to play an impromptu doubleheader as they faced Ripon College (Wis.) and Washington College (Md.). The Beacons (4-2) rallied in the bottom of the ninth to down Ripon by the final of 2-1, but then fell to Washington by the final of 3-1.
In the opener, the Beacons fell into a late 1-0 hole following a solo-shot by the Red Hawks in the top half of the ninth inning. The Beacons would hold Ripon to just the one run as they stepped up to the plate in the bottom half of the inning.
Sophomore Jamill Moquette (Boston, Mass.) would lead off the crucial inning with a single to center field. Matt Consiglio then put the tying run in the score position on a bunt. Putting the Beacons in a game-winning situation was Jack DeBiase who laid down perfect sacrifice bunt.
After an intentional walk loaded the bases, Dominic Morbidelli (Oakland, Calif.) was told to put on a helmet as a pinch hitter. With one out on the scoreboard, the freshman fell into drilled a single through the left side which drove home two run to give the Beacons the 2-1 victory.
Limiting Ripon to the lone run was junior Michael Boughton (New Britain, Conn.) who went 8 2/3 innings. The righty allowed just five hits, while also striking out six and not walking a single Red Hawk. After the home run in the ninth the Beacons turned to Tyler Kapushinski (New Britain, Conn.) who closed out the top of the ninth to set-up the Beacons game-winning situation.
In the nightcap Washington rode a strong pitching performance by Joe Kearney-Argow who went seven complete innings. On the day he tallied five strikeouts and allowed the lone run on seven hits. Steve Cameron and Shane Mattingly closed out the final two innings with Mattingly getting the save.
Driving in two of Washington's runs was Sean Connole on single to the left field which proved to be the deciding hit as he gave his team a 3-1 lead.
For the Beacons they combined for nine hits in the contest. Collin Keefer led the team with a 2-for-4 showing at the plate. On the hill Ryan Augustine (Burlington Conn.) went five innings and totaled two strikeouts.
Baseball returns to action tomorrow when they face Roger Williams University at noon.


text:
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Hot Numbers Jazz Thursdays
You can find us every Thursday outside the wonderful Hot Numbers cafe on Gwydir Street, just off Mill Road in Cambridge.
Order your Middle Eastern inspired street food at the van and we'll deliver inside the cafe, where you can sit with a delicious drink (soft, hot and alcoholic - try the Hot Numbers stout, it's incredible!) and with live jazz music from 7.30ish.
We are there every week from 6-9.
All public events
If you'd like to track us down, here are all the public events and trading sessions that we'll be at over the coming month.
Back to All Events
Earlier Event: May 22Burwash Manor Sizzling Sunday
Later Event: May 26foodPark @ Science Park


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KT Full Headlight for Suzuki GSXR600 GSX R600 2001 2002 2003 LED ... KT Full Headlight for Suzuki GSXR600 GSX R600 2001 2002 2003 LED Angel Eye Motorcycle HID Projector Assembly Kit on Aliexpress.com | Alibaba Group01 Gsxr 600 Tail Light Wiring Diagram - 1989 Cbr 600 Wiring Diagram Wiring Diagram from 1998 gsxr 750 wiring diagram , source:blaknwyt.co 750 Wiring Diagram Wiring Harness Wiring Diagram Wiring Schematic from 1998 gsxr 750 wiring diagram , source:schematicwiring.co.uk Wiring Schematic For Suzuki Intruder 700 Wiring Harness Diagrams from 1998 gsxr 750 wiring diagram , source:nimroo.org. • 05 Gsxr 1000 Wiring Diagram Data • Wiring Harne Gsxr 1000 • Ab Fairing Suzuki Gsxr 1000 Fastener Motorcycle • 2000 Gsxr 750 Wiring Diagram Enthusiast • Which Wire I Suzuki Gsxr Motorcycle Gixxer • Integrated Led Tail Light Bo Suzuki Gsxr 0103 600 0003 750 01 • 2014 Gsxr 1000 Wiring Diagram Circuit Ymbol • 2005 Gsxr 750 Wiring. Details about 2009 suzuki gsxr wiring diagram has been published by Ella Brouillard and tagged in this category. Occasionally, we may need to slightly change the design, color, or even accessories. We want a new idea for it then one of these is 2009 suzuki gsxr wiring diagram..
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Jul 02, 2013 · Installing integrated tail light but the wiring diagram is off. 1000RR Mods and Upgrades. QUESTION: I bought a 2000 cbr 600 f4 and the person that i bought it from tried to hook up an integrated tail light. He was successful other than the rear turn signals didn't work. He was successful other than the rear turn signals didn't work..
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1996 Gsxr 1000 Wiring Diagram - Another Blog About Wiring Diagram • 1996 gsxr 600 wiring diagram 28 wiring diagram images


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Schemes to defraud the taxman likely sprang to life the second the first penny was collected. But who could have imagined that billions would be paid out every year to those brazen enough to ask the government for refunds they didn't deserve?
Last year, the IRS mailed out fraudulent refunds worth $3.6 billion. That was at least an improvement over the $5.2 billion doled out in 2012.
Still, it's hard to fathom how a system could miss the half-million dollars to an address in Bulgaria that was used on 700 income tax returns.
For its part, the IRS said it spotted more than 12 million suspicious returns seeking a total of $40 million. So maybe the batting average isn't so bad.
Looking at a list of the top tax fraud cases for 2013, it's not surprising to see that identity theft is a part of many of them. That crime topped the IRS' 2013 list of top tax scams.
Of course, identity theft isn't the only way fraudsters try to outfox the government. Last year, even a former big-city mayor was nailed for simply failing to pay all of his taxes.
Check out our Top 9 Tax Scams of 2013 Countdown:
9. Kwame Kilpatrick: $195,500 owed in back taxes
The amount owed by former Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick is a drop in the bucket when compared to the Motor City's budget deficit, but it's another reminder of how far the city's fortunes have fallen. Kilpatrick, who was ordered to repay $4.5 million after his conviction on corruption charges centered on acts while he was in office, owed the city another $854,000 because of a conviction on state charges. Oh, and there's the 28-year prison term he faces. Ironically, because he was mayor when the offenses occurred, taxpayers paid more than $800,000 to Kilpatrick's lawyers to defend him.
8. Miles Julison: $400,000 sought from IRS
The self-described "bond servant of Jesus Christ" tried the patience of a judge for his claim that the U.S. District Court in Portland, Ore., had no jurisdiction over him. A jury disagreed, finding he had falsely claimed he was owed a tax refund of more than $400,000. The claim after he had filed a tax return stating he had made more than half million in "other income" and that the entire amount had been withheld. Somehow, despite the fact that the claim was false, the IRS mailed him a check. Julison even held a seminar at a local motel explaining to others how they could file false tax forms. None of his schemes involved bonds. No explanation has been forthcoming about his stated connection to Jesus.
7. California Tax Prep Company Employees: $1.35 million falsely claimed
Most of the big cases involving stolen identities used to file fake tax returns involved individuals, but what makes eight workers at two California tax preparation offices stand out is that they were professionals. The employees, who worked for either Total Tax Preparations Inc. or Nancy L. Olson & Associates, ran their scam from 2008 to 2012, according to the government.
Charged with 25 counts of income tax fraud, identity theft, conspiracy and other violations were Barbara J. Connor, 56; Denise Gray, 53; Nancy L. Hilton, 68; Curtis D. Lowe, 27; Kawasaki D. Morris, 34; Staff Voundy, 51; Vincent Voundy, 46; and Michael J. White, 51. The indictment claims they sought about $3 million in illicit refunds and actually received about a third.
6. Rashia Wilson: $3 million falsely claimed
The self-styled "queen of IRS tax fraud" earned 21 years in prison for filing fraudulent tax returns using stolen identities. While collecting food stamps, Wilson bought an Audi worth $90,000 and spent more on jewelry, trips and parties. Prosecutors said Wilson shelled out $30,000 for a birthday party for her daughter that included carnival rides. All told, she was found guilty of stealing at least $3 million from taxpayers. The judge who sentenced her was so put off by her behavior he refused to allow her to hug her kids before she was hauled away to prison.
5. Cheryl Womack: $7 million in taxes evaded
Cheryl Womack was a big wheel in Kansas City, and she had the money to go with her clout. In 2002, she unloaded her interest in the National Association of Independent Truckers, which sold liability insurance to drivers, for a cool $35 million. That should have allowed Womack to live the good life. She started out in style, buying wine worth $1.5 million. Then things got a bit sticky, according to the IRS, which filed charges in November. The agency said that when Womack put up half her collection for auction in 2008, the $1.6 million she netted never showed up on her tax returns. Instead, the IRS says, it was diverted to a company in the Cayman Islands — along with millions more she had stocked away in at least 19 accounts there, prosecutors alleged.
4. 45 Busted in South Florida: $11.5 million in fraudulent tax refunds
The biggest instance of identity theft used to file for fraudulent tax refunds hit the news in October. The defendants face charges that they sought a total $38.6 million; the IRS paid out nearly a third of that total. The defendants swept up were part of an investigation that involved 30 separate cases, which shows just how widespread the problem has become.
3. David Pinski & Michael Senatore: $12 million in fraudulent tax refunds
The two men used identity theft to file more than 8,000 phony tax returns. Pinski, of Fort Lee, N.J., and Senatore, of Moscow, Pa., were tripped by a simple mistake: the thousands of tax forms they filed came from just a few IP addresses. Although they asked for $65 million in tax refunds, they only received $12 million before the scheme was stopped. In November, the pair admitted their crimes and face up to 15 years in prison.
2. Beda Singenberger: $184 million tax evasion scam
If there's one lesson criminals should have learned by now, it's to never commit their misdeeds to paper. Singenberger, a Swiss financial advisor, should have a corollary to that rule named after him: never put a list of the clients you helped cheat on their U.S. taxes in a mailbox. Singenberger did just that, and the list somehow found its way to U.S. authorities in 2009. The list included the names of more than 60 clients whose money had been placed in secret offshore accounts. Singenberger's clients were slowly being arrested through last year, while Singenberger remains free in Switzerland. He has been indicted in the United States for consipracy to cheat the IRS.
1. Paul Daugerdas: $7 billion tax-loss forgeries
Creativity is the hallmark of tax shelters, and sometimes, things are taken a little far — make that way too far. Daugerdas was in charge of the Chicago office of Jenkins & Gilchrist, a Texas law firm. For his part in a scheme to forge $7 billion in tax losses in clients' accounts, Daugerdas faces 58 years in prison after being convicted of conspiring to defraud the IRS, evade taxes and commit mail and wire fraud. Prosecutors have won other convictions in the case and one partner in the firm was sentenced to eight years in prison and ordered to repay nearly $200 million.
– Check out these related stories:


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|Home > Private International Law > Trade & Commerce
|This section covers the approaches to coping with trading and commercial relations involving foreign elements. These approaches include setting up mechanisms to determine the applicable law and jurisdiction, and harmonizing municipal laws. See also the International Economic Law section of EISIL.
Primary Documents
Convention on the Jurisdiction of the Selected Forum in the Case of International Sales of Goods
More Information
Convention Relating to a Uniform Law on the Formation of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
More Information
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How does that allocation of players work in CW Football, with only two specialist defenders we want him.Originally Posted by PY
How does that allocation of players work in CW Football, with only two specialist defenders we want him.Originally Posted by PY
The man, the mountain, the Mathews. The greatest all rounder since Keith Miller. (Y)
Jaffna Jets CC (Battrick & FTP)
RIP WCC and CW Cricket
Member of the MSC, JMAS and CVAAS
Old news....Originally Posted by Neil Pickup
Bite me.
A True Champion - Bob. Rest in peace. 15/04/06
"People today have too big a devil and too small a God"
- Stephen Currie
"The Lord is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear? The Lord is the strength of my life; of whom shall I be afraid?" Psalm 27:1
Amen to that, means I'd get to push up into midfieldOriginally Posted by chaminda_00
Captain for the Blues.
Code:FC : 129 matches 281 runs @ 1.76 650 wickets @ 28.86, S/R of 41.75 Best Bowling of 8 for 57 39 5-wicket innings, 7 10-wicket matches. Test : 12 matches 8 runs @ 0.62 68 wickets @ 27.99, S/R of 40.22 Best Bowling of 5 for 59 4 5-wicket innings, 0 10-wicket matches.
Any news on which team PY goes to?
Seems to be a bit of a lull at the moment.
Will sort out PY in the coming days.. Have a more important task to attend to which will be revealed possibly later today..Originally Posted by chaminda_00
Pete Young allocated to Northside Power
Got told I could still change stats, so...
from tk 13 ps 17 sh 9
to tk 15 ps 23 sh 1
A follower of the schools of Machiavelli, Bentham, Locke, Hobbes, Sutcliffe, Bradman, Lindwall, Miller, Hassett, Benaud and Thunberg
I had a glimpse of Eureka
Chewing me up, chewing me up and spitting me out
-jected, I was rejected
I wasn't good enough to be elected
Lava, it was like lava
Moving through my body like fire
How do you want us to deal with stat changes.
Should we post them somewhere ie as Hakon has done above, or should the captain just make changes to the Roster and post it?
Please advise
EDIT- The Roster changes obviously being made at the suggestion of the individual concerned. Im not suggesting the Captain makes random alterations.
Last edited by Goughy; 23-10-2006 at 06:25 PM.
If I only just posted the above post, please wait 5 mins before replying as there will be edits
West Robham Rabid Wolves Caedere lemma quod eat lemma
I need to know so i can change them in the system... So either an email to myself or a post here from the person in question....Originally Posted by Goughy
M_Reddlapalli 21 CWL 1 12 12 20 70
changed to
M_Reddlapalli 21 CWL 1 12 20 12 70
I told Blewy about this last night but i better do it official, also Manju probably needs to confirm that he still wants to become an out and out MF.
ConfirmedOriginally Posted by chaminda_00
Member of the AAAS
Member of CW Green | Stedingham Jets Grade Cricket Team | Northside Power
Manager of South Australia (WCC)
Winner of AFL Tipping 2006 | Winner of Wimbeldon Prediction 2006
I'm in, then.
Name: Sean Fuller
Forum Name: FaaipDeOiad
E-Mail: sean.fuller at gmail dot com
Age: 21
Goal Keeping Skill: 1
Tackling: 18
Passing: 16
Shooting: 10
Aggression: 70
It's cold on the outside they say
But the cold leaves you clear while the heat leaves a haze
Changing Stats:
Goal Keeping Skill:1
Goal Keeping Skill:1
And God came down from the heavens, and he said unto the chicken, "Thou shalt cross the road."And the chicken crossed the road. And the people rejoiced, all across the land.
Australia's Only FairDinkum News Site - www.xenoxnews.com
Who will Fuller be assigned to?
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Qantas has informed its Boeing 767 and 747 pilots that 223 of them will be surplus to requirements by the end of June as part of its 5000 company-wide staff cutting exercise.
Qantas says 152 of them will be offered retraining on various other aircraft - but many of these would require relocation to other cities - in particular Adelaide.
The scheme will offer voluntary redundancy packages of one year's pay for those with more than 15 years with the company and less for those with fewer than 15 years.
It's unclear how many will take the package and thus what proportion of the pilots will be forced to leave.
Culling pilots won't be a cheap exercise for Qantas which employs a seniority based redundancy scheme whereby senior pilots take priority over their more junior colleagues which could force cuts to be taken in the junior pilots ranks.
While the redundancy costs would be lower for more junior pilots the rump of those staying would be more highly paid.
In addition it will involve hundreds of pilots being retrained.
The move follows an announcement two weeks ago of 475 job cuts from Melbourne and Brisbane call centre staff as the company consolidates these functions to a single location in Tasmania.
This is all part of rapid fire cost cutting initiatives aimed at taking $2 billion in costs out of the airline over the next three years as it seeks to stem the flow of losses from its international division and revive the performance of its domestic operations.
In the first six months of the 2014 financial year the airline lost $250 million and there are expectations that the full year loss could hit a mammoth $1 billion.
Qantas has undertaken two debt issues over the past month in order to pay down more short term debt and is expected to bolster its cash levels via the partial sell down of its Frequent Flyer loyalty business.
However the biggest advancement made in its quest to restore profits has been the decision to call a truce in the capacity war with Virgin which has led to a flood of additional seats on the domestic market over the past couple of years.
Elizabeth Knight comments on companies, markets and the economy.


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Countries in the Middle East and north Africa will be among those hardest hit by global warming, unless the upward trend for greenhouse gas emissions can be checked, the World Bank warned last month at the Doha climate change conference.
There will be lower rainfall, higher temperatures and continuing desertification, said Rachel Kyte, World Bank vice-president for sustainable development, during her presentation of the report on Adaptation to a Changing Climate in the Arab Countries.
According to the forecasts, average temperatures could rise by 3C between now and 2050. But night temperatures in city centres could increase by double that figure. The report notes that over the last three decades 50 million people have been affected by climate disasters. Severe flooding is now a recurrent event. But the increasing scarcity of water resources is the biggest challenge for countries in the region, which already have some of the lowest per capita reserves in the world.
Kuwait and Qatar depend on desalination plants for almost 40% of their needs. With demand for water forecast to increase by 60% over the next 30 years, due to population growth and changing ways of life, the World Bank fears there is a high risk of shortages and conflict. Measures to adapt to climate change are still limited, even if a regional strategy for reducing the risks of natural disasters has been adopted.
The lack of reliable data is a stumbling block for any preventive measures. The launch of a research centre, announced by Qatar last month, could help remedy this situation. Funded by the Qatar Foundation, in partnership with the Potsdam Institute, the centre will focus on the impact of climate change on countries in the Gulf.
However, this positive move will not be enough to cover up the fact that Qatar, much as the other oil-producing countries in the Gulf, has still not made any commitment as part of the UN climate talks.
Saudi Arabia – though it refutes this suggestion – continues to play along with those angling for a business-as-usual agreement.
"We take climate change seriously and will reduce our CO2 emissions," said an adviser to the Saudi oil minister, citing the kingdom's plans for carbon capture and storage facilities, and measures to boost energy-efficiency and develop solar power. "The world will not be able to do without fossil fuels in the coming decades. We aim to produce 'climate-friendly' oil and gas that cause less pollution."
This story appeared in Guardian Weekly, which incorporates material from Le Monde


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Chrysler announces deal to build Jeeps in China
Under the agreement, a Chinese automaker will build one model for sale in China.
AUBURN HILLS, Mich. — Fiat and Chrysler Group have reached an agreement to expand passenger car manufacturing and sales in China, officials said Tuesday.
Under the agreement, Guangzhou Automobile Group Co. Ltd. will build one Jeep model in China for Chrysler for sale in China. A specific model was not announced.
STORY: Chrysler adding 1,250 jobs not in China
STORY: Romney brings autos to Ohio campaign
Zeng Qinghong, general manager and chief executive of Guangzhou Automobile Group, and Mike Manley, Jeep president and CEO and head of Chrysler's international operations, signed the agreement at Chrysler headquarters here.
In September, Guangzhou began building the Fiat Viaggio in China.
Before the election, GOP presidential nominee Mitt Romney set off controversy with a TV ad that implied Chrysler would move Jeep production to China. At the time, Chrysler officials said they had no intention of shifting production to China but did hope to restart production of Jeeps in China that would be sold there.
The Chinese plant has an initial annual capacity of 140,000 cars and eventually will be capable of assembling 500,000 vehicles a year.
Zeng said the interest among Chinese consumers for Jeeps should increase after Guangzhou begins production. Last year, Jeep sold about 50,000 sport utility vehicles in China.
"After localization (of production), the demand for Jeep in China will get even more," he said. "So we will work with Chrysler to make these products in China. We are very confident about sales growth."
Zeng said his company should begin production of the Jeep model in 2014.
"Expansion of the agreement with our GAC partners will allow us to unleash the potential of both our Fiat and Chrysler Group brands in China," Manley said in a statement.
Contributing: Martha T. Moore, USA TODAY


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SAO/NASA ADS -> Help -> Browsing Tables of Contents
|SAO/NASA ADS Help Pages
|Prev | Next
2.5 - Current/Unread Journals
2.5.1 - Current Journals
The ADS Table of Contents Query Page displays the latest volumes of selected journals. The selection of a table of contents will return all the articles within that journal volume. That results page is in the same format as when a main search query is sent. There are there are two versions of this page available: the Graphic Version or the ASCII Version.
2.5.2 - Unread Journals
The customized Table of Contents Query Page will only show the latest volume of the journals that you have not yet read. You can select which journals should be included on this form through the Preference Settings Form through the following steps:
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This question already has an answer here:
I have an older furnace, on the switch block I have Y,C.W,R and an unlabeled screw that connects to the shut off it looks like. I need to hook up a thermostat that needs the C wire. I have a spare wire, in the bundle which I hooked up to the c terminal downstairs, from these videos that I've seen it tells me to then bridge the Y and G together, I do not have a G on the block, what do I need to do to get the neutral wire set up


text:
Shipping to: Suomi
Special Offer
Slanted eye brush for applying and blending eyeshadows.
The brush's slanted shape makes it easy to apply the product and create sophisticated shading along the eyelid crease and the outer corner of the eye. The tip's size and the high-quality bristles apply coverage to the entire eyelid in just a few strokes.
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Collect a small amount of eyeshadow. Place the tip of the brush on the outer corner of the eyelid and sweep inward.
Clean the brush with the KIKO Brush Cleanser and let it dry in a horizontal position.
These bristles are especially suitable for applying loose or pressed powders.
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The brush is especially suited for liquid and cream products. The bristles are designed to not absorb the product but release it completely onto the skin, ensuring a precise and flawless application.
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The cost varies depending on the delivery service and the destination country of the order. For more details see the "Delivery information and costs" page.
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Shipping times may vary depending on the service chosen. In the countries served by Swiss Post (Asendia) only, delivery takes an average of 6-7 working days (up to a maximum of 10) from the order being dispatched. In countries where the Skynet service is also available, the shipping time is 2-4 days after being dispatched by courier. More information
Purchases made on KIKO are secure and guaranteed. All information relating to payments, including personal information and credit card information, is protected through an advanced encrypted data transmission system. Under no circumstances will KIKO file your credit card number, nor will it use or keep the information you provided on its own systems.
You have 14 business days from the date you receive the items in which to exercise your right to return the goods. Please let Customer Service know about any problems relating to the goods received.
To use a promotional code, select "Have you got a promotional code?" on the shopping cart page and insert the characters indicated in the appropriate field. If your code is inserted correctly, the amount and/or content of the Shopping Cart will be recalculated based on the promotion applied.
Perfetto per disegnare l'ombra dell'occhio
bellissimo pennello


text:
FDA Plans to Revamp Proposals on Food Safety Rules After Backlash
The FDA will issue new proposals on food-safety rules for fruits and vegetables.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Thursday said it would revamp new food-safety rules for fruits and vegetables after its first proposal met with opposition from farm groups and some members of Congress.
The FDA said it would make significant revisions to the rules, which are part of what the agency has called the biggest overhaul in 70 years of the government's oversight of food safety. The produce rules, required under the 2011 Food Safety Modernization Act, are aimed at minimizing the risk of contamination of raw...


text:
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[Issues Of Principle]
Pan-Africanism, as an ideology of liberation of oppressed and exploited African peoples, has historically assumed centre stage when racial disabilities and related suffering haunt the lives of African peoples like a permanent nightmare.
Its most dynamic intervention on behalf of African peoples has often coincided with progressive periods in world politics.
With the world-wide revulsion against hegemonic politics and against the deleterious impact of globalization, will Pan-Africanism assume its historic role again? That is the challenge of Pan-Africanism, if it is to be of any relevance to the great majority of African peoples.
It is however a tragic commentary on the state of Pan-African consciousness that the current relationship between and among African peoples is fragmented, haphazard and anemic at the very time when the collective conditions of African people, wherever they are, are more or less as grim in comparative terms as they were at the dawn of the previous century.
A critical contextual analysis of data from all regions of the world shows that, whether the issue is HIV/AIDS pandemic, exploding prison population, ravages of poverty, lack of freedom, civil wars and strives, etc, African people and people of African descent suffer more disproportionately than any other group.
At such a time when the collective welfare of African people is in peril, it should be reasonable to expect that there would be a deep sense of solidarity among African people, in order to confront the various maladies effectively, for the greater and common good of all concerned. However, African elites, under the spell of neo-colonialism, have sacrificed the collective welfare of the great majority on the altar of personal self-gratification. As a result, the present type of relationship between and among African peoples contrasts rather sharply with that which obtained during the heydays of the Pan-Africanism, when the ideology and movement served as a potent force and forum for the mobilization of African and progressive peoples both in the continent and the Diaspora, for collective actions to give hope to a people who had endured racial exploitation and oppression for centuries.
In fact, the currency of Pan-Africanism ideology was put into wider circulation by W. E. B. DuBois precisely to highlight the humiliation and the various types of discrimination which African peoples suffered due to race consciousness and prejudice. It is instructive that the formal organization of the Pan-African movement that dates to 1900, when the Trinidadian lawyer Henry Sylvester-Williams convened the first Pan-African Congress in London, coincided with a period of progressive politics in the world.
It was, for example, at the turn of the twentieth century that the Labour Party in Britain came into formal existence, to champion the cause of the labouring poor. In the same year, W. E. B. DuBois made the timeless observation that: "The problem of the twentieth-century is the problem of the color-line – the relation of the darker to the lighter races of men in Asia and Africa, in America and the islands of the seas."
A century later, the observation applies with equal: the racial disabilities that W. E. B. DuBois dissected clinically and fought against have simply mutated and become structural in global societies.
The high tide of Pan-Africanism was at the 1945 Manchester Congress, the year the United Nations was founded, after about a decade of brutal war against fascist ideology that sought to organize the world on the basis of racial purity and supremacy. It was under the leadership of W. E. B. DuBois, Kwame Nkrumah, George Padmore and Jomo Kenyatta, that a clarion call was issued for the organization of colonial peoples to demand their democratic rights.
It was this ideology of Pan-Africanism that created in African people a consciousness of solidarity and a conviction that despite the burden of the struggle, in the end they would achieve liberation. Kwame Nkrumah's declaration in March 1957 that the independence of Ghana would be meaningless without the total liberation of Africa, exemplified this robust vision of Pan-Africanism.
Now 50 years after Kwame Nkrumah's pronouncement, where is Pan-Africanism? The various organization that have recently claimed to be Pan-Africanist have tended to be betray the very conception and mission of Pan-Africanism. For example, in the 1990s, the intelligence arm of the Ugandan government funded a Pan-African Secretariat in Kampala that served to sing the praises of the militarist regime, which contrary to every Pan-African principle, invaded and plundered the Democratic Republic of Congo and put its own citizens in concentration camps in the north of the country.
Yet the Pan-African Secretariat in Kampala maintained meticulous silence in the face of the obscene brutalization of fellow Africans. Recently to its credit, the African Union (AU) designated the African Diaspora, a sixth region of the continent.
African peoples who are politically conscious must give time to the AU efforts before making a judgment. It must however be made clear, however, that if any form of Pan-Africanism is to be a meaningful vehicle for the transformation of the abject conditions of African peoples wherever they are, it should not be manipulated to lull people to accept the status quo.
Given the various types of disabilities that African people still suffer all over the world, it seem logical that rather than invent a new formula to advance the welfare of African people wherever they might be, we should learn from successful efforts of the past and modify them to take into account the material (political and economic), spiritual and psychological conditions of the present world.
This would call for adapting the strategies of Pan-Africanism that galvanized people for most of the 20th century, which were based on: the necessity to raise awareness, organize and build ecumenical solidarity; the recognition of achievements and pride in black culture and aspirations; campaigns for the uplift of African peoples from oppressive conditions; and the organization of the great majority to claim their democratic rights.
Whether the present lack of focused and purposeful Pan African solidarity can be attributed to the fact that the continent gained formal independence from European colonial rule and that in the Diaspora a percentage of people of African descent has gained upward economic and even political mobility into the inner circle of the ruling elites, is not clear. The fact of the matter is that the sense of dynamic Pan-Africanism that facilitated the freedom of African people all over the world is now no more than faint history, to which African elite play only lip service.
With the avalanche of crises buttering African people wherever they are, it might be an opportune moment for reflection and reexamination of strategies that might provide renewed sense of hope and optimism. In order to do this meaningfully, there is a need to draw on historical experiences of the struggles in the past. For it is not simply a cliché to say that history does not permit people the luxury to escape their inheritance. The fact of the matter is that the globalized world in which we live today is not fundamentally different from the world in which the trailblazers of Pan-Africanism championed the cause of African peoples and people of African descent in the Diaspora.
A review of the preoccupations of the current leaders among African peoples indicates that they have for the most part betrayed the historic mission of Pan-Africanism. If African renewal, as advocated by President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa, for example, is to be achieved, African youth should take the mantle and torch to form partnerships that can serve as for a for organizing and reinforcing strategies for liberation.
The building of partnerships between the African Diaspora and the continent is necessary on the practical grounds of reciprocal support, solidarity, coordination of efforts, harnessing of resources, and sharing of skills. Significantly, however, such a partnership must, if it is to be effective, be inclusive and embrace progressive forces on the world scene.
The current preoccupation by African elites with petty interests and differences has severely compounded already onerous conditions in which African people find themselves, wherever they might be. To inspire and lift the great majority of African peoples from apparent sense of despair and resignation, there is an urgent need to cultivate a new crop of leaders in the mould of W. E. B. DuBois, Marcus Garvey, George Padmore, Kwame, Paul Robeson, Aime Cesaire, Franz Fanon, Kwame Nkrumah, Robert Sobukwe, and Nelson Mandela.
The time is now for African peoples to forge a genuine sense of solidarity beyond personal parochial interests, if the future is to be redeemed. That is the challenge of Pan-Africanism in the twenty-first century.
Black Star News columnist Professor Amii Omara-Otunnu is UNESCO Chair in Human Rights, Executive-Director of the UConn-ANC Partnership and Professor of History at the University of Connecticut, Storrs. His column appears bi-weekly online and in the newspaper.
To comment or to subscribe to or advertise in New York's leading Pan African weekly investigative newspaper, or to send us a news tip, please call (212) 481-7745 or send a note to email@example.com
Also visit out sister publication Harlem Business News www.harlembusinessnews.com


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These games teach valuable skills and have a high fun and educational rating.
Your child develops an understanding of parts of speech and writing and grammar skills by learning about and then creating a diamante poem.
Your child develops writing and reading skills as they learn about the structure of different poems.
Your child develops an understanding of themes and characters in literature by playing this guessing game involving Shakespeare's characters.
Your child develops understanding of poetry and appreciation for the art form by playing games that explore different poetic elements.
Your child develops poetry writing skills using a virtual version of Magnetic Poetry.
Your child develops writing and creativity skills by creating their own comic strip.
Your child develops an understanding of poetry, the significance of the words and line break that poets choose.
Zoodles 11.5.8 Copyright (c) 2014 Inquisitive Minds, Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
|For Filling
|Pastry Puff
Step 1.
Wash and pat the chicken pieces dry with a kitchen towel and trim off as much excess fat as you prefer. Season them with salt and pepper, then coat them with flour.
Step 2.
Heat 20ml of oil in a large pot, brown the chicken over medium heat for about 10 minutes on each side until they brown all over.
Add extra oil if the pot looks dry during browning. The browning time may also differ according to the size of the chicken pieces.
Step 3.
Add butter, onions, garlic, carrots and celery into the pot and stir-fry the vegetables in a separate pot. Cook gently for 10 minutes, or until softened and lightly browned.
Step 4.
Add chicken pieces, thyme and bay leaves, and stir in whipping cream, chicken stock, ham pieces (if using) and potatoes. Season with salt and pepper and bring the broth to a gentle simmer.
Step 5.
Portion the mixture into bowls and allow them to cool. Preheat oven to 200°C.
Step 6.
Place the plastic lining of the pastry sheet on the table, then place the top of the bowl on the pastry. Make sure there is approximately a 1.5cm circumference from the bowl for the folding of pastry later.
Seal the pastry by placing it on top of the bowl of broth, and by pressing the dough onto the sides of the bowl, then brush egg and milk glaze over the pastry.
Step 7.
Bake the pastries for 10-12 minutes, or until the pastry has puffed, and has turned golden brown.
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text:
The Unlock the Past Roadshow and the future
Here are a few photos and comments on the History & Genealogy Roadshow ANZ to complement Shauna Hicks' superb and interesting daily blogs and her Roadshow overview.
It was especially pleasing that the major genealogy societies in most states and New Zealand agreed to support the roadshow. It was also very pleasing that most major libraries and archives in Australia and New Zealand also participated as exhibitors and/or speakers. Though the new online resources are most useful and featured with all three speakers from overseas, no serious historical or genealogical research can be done without the resources of societies, libraries and archives. This is the reason we invite them to most of our events.
We were delighted also with the "supporting" speakers at each venue. They were great and, judging from the preliminary response to our roadshow survey and new society memberships, many others greatly appreciated them also. For a full list of speakers and exhibitors see History & Genealogy Roadshow web site.
It was a highlight for us to see the launch of Inside History, an exciting new history, genealogy & heritage magazine for Australia and New Zealand, at the roadshow. This is a high quality production, in full colour throughout with articles from a great team of contributors. It is a brave thing to commence a new magazine in the current changing scene. This one deserves to succeed – and will with the support of quality contributors and subscribers. Support it with your subscription today – and perhaps even a contribution!
A pictorial glimpse of the roadshow
Our roadshow team at Perth airport – Alan & Anthea Phillips,
Rosemary Kopittke, Dan Lynch (from the US), Elaine Collins (UK),
Shauna Hicks, Aimée Engler, and Louise St Denis (Canada)
Dan Lynch in a familiar scene from Melbourne onwards –
one on one dealing with individual Google case studies.
A number of breakthroughs came through in these sessions.
Cassie & Ben Mercer – the launch of their exciting new magazine
Inside History occurred during the roadshow
Dan Lynch speaking to a full house in Canberra
Louise St Denis speaking in Brisbane
Auckland Libraries display
Evening meal break, Adelaide
How succesful was the roadshow?
Different people will have different expectations and get varying benefit from any event. We are still receiving feedback from the roadshow, and will report again when results are in, but one indicator of its success is the number who say they would attend a future similar event. From preliminary Roadshow evaluation responses – 80% said "definitely" or "probably", 17% said "maybe", 2% "probably not" and 1% "no".
- From anecdotal indications and survey results so far it was highly successful for most of those who attended – see sample testimonials below.
- Most (probably all) societies benefited from many people joining up on the spot or taking membership forms. The outstanding success here was the WA Genealogical Society who signed up 30 new members on the day (from about 100 attending) – see WAGS report and photos.
- I am sure the libraries and archives benefitted in a similar way from many who in all likelihood had never done anything more than they can online or on their own.
- I believe the overseas presenters found considerable benefit, though they must have been disappointed at the numbers.
- Dan Lynch unexpectedly found some Australian relatives and Elaine Collins may have done so as well.
- We at Unlock the Past? It was a great experience to tour with our own team of up to eight people and to meet with many people around the nine cities. It was especially satisfying to hear from many how much they enjoyed and learnt from meetings. The downside from our point of view was the less than hoped for numbers. But with no precedent we went into it without really knowing what to expect.
A look at the numbers?
Overall about 1050 people attended. Only Canberra exceeded our early estimates. But, to get some perspective, this is about twice the number that Australasian Congresses get and about half, or better, than the national conferences in the US (where they have 15 times the population). On the other hand we were able to get 1000 at the two expos we had in recent months – 450 in Adelaide and 550 in Sydney.
Will there be more roadshows?
This roadshow was planned as a one-off exercise. There was (and still is) no commitment to either hold or not hold more. If we do similar events in future some things would be done differently. Some early thoughts – in advance of the coming full review based on the roadshow survey.
- Need to lock down the program earlier in order to be able get up a brochure in time to catch supporting society magazines.
- Need to make the roadshow more manageable. Nine cities over nearly three weeks was probably too much for the presenters and organisers.
- An option is to do a future roadshow in two stages – with 3-6 months separating each. This was considered in early planning for the recent roadshow.
- Perhaps there is a different way – maybe bring out a single featured presenter around a major event as we did with Chris Paton for the Sydney Expo in October which attracted five times the number of people as the Sydney leg of the Roadshow did. Further meetings could then be set up before and/or after in other supporting cities.
We would be interested in your ideas on future events events in comments on this blog or email to firstname.lastname@example.com
Marketing the roadshow
It was a bit surprising to me to hear so many say they only heard about it a few days before; also that they did not understand the difference between the expos and the roadshow.
- Expos primarily feature a wide range of exhibitors with some supporting speakers.
- Roadshows focus on special presentations, with a modest supporting exhibition in most cases.
The roadshow was first announced about 6 months ago and has been regularly publicised in genealogy circles especially since – via about 40,000 Unlock the Past general and event brochures sent out over many months, direct mailing of the roadshow brochures to almost every genealogy society and many others in Australia and New Zealand, four times featuring in ads on the back cover of Australasian Family Tree Connections magazine, at a number of fairs, expos, conferences and other events we attended or supported in most Australian states and New Zealand. Plus many we did not attend. It was publicised by others including Dick Eastman, and Findmypast and Genes Reunited to their Australian/New Zealand mailing lists.
Clearly the Roadshow concept did not connect with many people. Perhaps the time of year was not the best, especially in Sydney with a busy calendar of major events before and after the roadshow.
We would welcome suggestions about how you think we might better market our events. How do you find out about events?
Unlock the Past events – all about collaboration
It may have been missed by many, but Unlock the Past is primarily about collaboration. A major principle is to support other events, and partner with others to run major events they may not do on their own. Only two out of the 350+ events on our online calendar are our own (without society involvement) – and these are still in the future.
- Our online Events Calendar has listed over 350 history, genealogy and heritage events so far this year – a unique one stop guide to what is on.
- The two events on our calendar as UTP only events are very unique and innovative special interest events, though other cruises are now under consideration.
o Unlock the Past History & Genealogy Cruise in March 2011
o War comes to Australia: WWII bombing 70th anniversary tour in February 2012
- The roadshow and the two expos were organised by Unlock the Past but only with the support and interest from the major genealogy societies in each state or city.
- Regional roadshows (two in 2010) depend wholly on the support of the local host societies. We just bring different expertise to towns that want it.
- Unlock the Past has attended a number of events organised by others as exhibitor, speaker and sponsor. And we have sponsored many others we do not attend at all.
Sample of responses from some who found the roadshow useful
All in all a thoroughly enjoyable day.
Thank you for bringing your show to Perth. We seem to miss out a lot and it was good to see us included.
All speakers were very good, nothing was above the understanding of the average person attending.
The Roadshow has reawakened my genealogy interest after several years in the doldrums
Very good value for money
Congrats to Gould Genealogy for the great job that they have done in leading the way for Australian genealogists. I'm in awe of the way that this business has kept abreast of the changing trends.
Even better than previous Genealogy Roadshows as regards speakers and presentations.
Excellent event and excellent speakers
In my opinion the day was a great success, I got so much out of it. Thank you for organising the event, I look forward to many more.
Well worth it!
My only comment is PLEASE! PLEASE! come back to the South Island, each and every one of you are a gem.
Absolutely Awesome. I loved it. Thank you so much for the opportunity.
I'm only sorry that more people didn't attend, they missed a treat.
Alan Phillips and the Unlock the Past team
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