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This undated photo released by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services shows geese swimming in Izembek Lagoon in the Izembek National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. Izembek Lagoon is 25 miles of Alaska ocean sheltered from the Bering Sea by long barrier islands, but it's what's beneath the water that makes it special for environmentalists. The shallow lagoon is home to the largest known bed of eelgrass, a plant that grows like green ribbons from the ocean floor and every autumn provides a nutritious buffet for waterfowl that spend summers in Alaska or Russia and head south for warmer climates. (AP Photo/ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, Chris Dau, File )
ANCHORAGE, Alaska (AP) — Thin barrier islands five miles off the tip of the Alaska Peninsula shelter Izembek Lagoon from the Bering Sea, but it's what's beneath the surface that makes the lagoon special and part of a brewing, cross-continent fight.
Sen. Lisa Murkowski is pushing for a road between King Cove, population 938, where flying is often impossible, and Cold Bay, home to an airport that can operate in almost any weather. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and outgoing Interior Secretary Ken Salazar last week rejected a land swap that would have allowed the road to be built through the refuge, skirting the lagoon.
Murkowski and her allies say a road would be safer than what's happening now. Local residents of King Cove have died trying to fly to Cold Bay and a hospital in Anchorage. Murkowski isn't backing down, and has threatened to block President Obama's choice to head the Interior Department, Sally Jewell, unless the administration agrees to a land exchange that will lead to construction of a road.
"I'd like to think that I'm not going to have to use that tool, but it's available to me and I am going to do everything that I can within my power as a United States senator to make sure that the safety of the people in the King Cove/Cold Bay region is not compromised," she said.
The political battle is far from the peaceful heart of the lagoon, where the world's largest known bed of eelgrass grows upward in green ribbons from the shallow ocean bottom. Every fall, the eelgrass provides a buffet for millions of geese and other waterfowl as they leave Alaska or Russia for warmer climates.
Almost the entire population of Pacific brant descends on Izembek National Wildlife Refuge, foraging a mile or so offshore. The small sea geese watch for bald eagles launching attacks from bluffs. Endangered Steller's eiders feed on tiny invertebrates. Tundra swans, emperor geese and countless shorebirds make appearances.
Murkowski, generally an advocate for environmental issues, has argued that people should come first in this particular case.
Coast Guard helicopter crews answered five emergency calls in King Cove last year. Murkowski said they regard the King Cove airport as the most dangerous in the state. A 1981 crash out of King Cove killed a pilot, a nurse practitioner, a health aide and a crab fisherman who was being evacuated because his foot had been severed. Treacherous weather conditions have doomed other flights, including six in a 1982 crash on a flight from Kodiak to King Cove.
Debate over environmental values versus human life at Izembek has been going on since most of the Izembek National Wildlife Refuge was designated as wilderness in 1980. King Cove residents say they were not consulted before their access was restricted.
Residents seeking a road in 1998 received a sympathetic reception in Washington, D.C., but left with a consolation prize. Congress appropriated $37.5 million to upgrade medical facilities and a spend $9 million on a hovercraft.
Icing and big waves often kept the hovercraft in port, said Aleutians East Borough Administrator Rick Gifford. At $73 for a one-way ticket, the projected revenue never materialized. The boat turned into a $1 million annual drain on the budget and the borough ended service in November 2011. It was transferred to another city within the borough.
With the hovercraft out of the picture, King Cove officials renewed their call for a road. With the backing of the state and an Alaska Native corporation, they made an offer they thought the federal government could not refuse: 43,093 acres of state land and 13,300 acres of land owned by King Cove Corp. for a 10-mile corridor through the refuge and acreage from another federal refuge.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Salazar concluded the additional acreage could not match the quality of habitat at Izembek and would disrupt the birds.
Salazar will meet Thursday with King Cove residents, and he could change his mind. But Noah Matson, vice president for landscape conservation for Defenders of Wildlife, said Salazar made the right call for now and for future generations. He believes the 1998 compromise for a marine route was the best answer because it protected internationally recognized wetlands, he said.
"The hovercraft successfully transported, safely, many people from King Cove to Cold Bay," he said.
The proposed road would run along what's essentially a fjord, he said, with avalanche danger and erosion potential for the bay. The same wicked winds that ground airplanes and hovercraft will render a road impassible with snow drifts, he said, and make the road as expensive to maintain as the hovercraft.
Salazar likely took seriously his responsibility to balance the needs of the people of King Cove with protection for the refuge, Matson said, and Murkowski's threat to put a hold on Salazar's replacement is not appropriate.
"It's unfortunate that she's politicizing this issue," he said.


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LANSING, Mich. (AP) - The drive to patch up Michigan's deteriorating roads is largely centered on money, how to win support from skeptical lawmakers for at least $1.2 billion a year in additional taxes and fees for needed upkeep.
But hardly any attention is being paid to a related issue: how that cash should be divvied up.
As a start, Gov. Rick Snyder proposes to keep funding for state and local road agencies roughly the same as in the last budget. The bulk of new revenue - $1.1 billion - would go to a new Commercial Corridor Fund, which in turn would pass along additional funding to the road agencies.
Though the Republican governor says every Michigan county has 'key arteries' of economic development qualifying for extra aid, few specifics about the account and how money would be distributed from it have been released since his budget was unveiled two months ago.
That is mainly because Snyder is having a tough time persuading the GOP-led Legislature to swallow an increase in the state gasoline tax from 19 cents to 33 cents a gallon and a hike in car license plate fees by 60 percent. Some Republicans are looking to freeze spending on other programs or tap other funds instead.
Yet if legislators find more money for roads before their self-imposed June budget deadline, look for a fight over how to spend the first significant influx of state dollars into transportation infrastructure in 15 years.
'We just want to make sure local governments aren't cut out of the loop of that new revenue,' said David Lossing, mayor of Linden. 'We do matter, too, because folks that use highways live somewhere off road in those communities, cities, villages and townships.'
Critics, typically officials from urban areas, say the state law that sets how transportation dollars are distributed is outdated. It was enacted in 1951, and city leaders argue that it disproportionately favors the building and maintenance of rural roads instead of urban roads used by more people.
Snyder is expected to want to devote more money to commercial routes in more populated areas key to trade and business. That could mean more funding for the Michigan Department of Transportation because while state highways and trunk lines account for just 8 percent of all road miles, they carry more than half the traffic.
Of the state and federal money specifically designated for roads and bridges, the state gets about 55 percent and counties, cities and villages receive about 45 percent.
MDOT spokesman Jeff Cranson said no one is talking much about funding formulas because 'it's all predicated on first arriving at some new funding,' but the governor understands local officials are 'very eager' to learn more.
Snyder also is asking lawmakers to allow local governments to approve up to $280 million in their own vehicle registration fees, if OK'd by local voters.
John LaMacchia, a legislative associate and transportation expert at the Michigan Municipal League, said the organization is open to the concept depending on what any overall road funding deal looks like.
'We've said all along it can't supplement something. It has to be in addition to,' he said.
If state license plate fees are raised significantly to help generate $1.2 billion more, it would be a 'stretch' to think local governments could raise another $280 million in their own plate fees, LaMacchia said.
'Local options are good as long as it gives the community a fair shot to adopt it,' he said.
For now, Snyder and legislators are focused on how much new funding is needed and if a compromise package can be passed in coming months. Road investments have felt the effect of motorists driving less and using more fuel-efficient cars, which cut into fuel tax revenues. The state's main transportation fund is at its lowest level in 30 years when adjusted for inflation.
Sen. Mark Jansen, a Republican from Gaines Township near Grand Rapids, was around when the last gasoline tax increase was approved in 1997. He initially said no to GOP Gov. John Engler but relented after Engler promised to build a 20-mile freeway in the Grand Rapids area.
'If I say yes to this, how does that impact my region? I'm going to ask the same question now. Not that I want anything in particular, but I think it's only fair to ask,' Jansen said.
One concern is $1.2 billion in new revenue would keep roads from deteriorating to the point that much more expensive repairs are needed - but not lead to drastically better roads.
'That's scary,' Jansen said. 'If you're going to do this to me as a driver, what am I going to see different?'
--- Online: Analysis of potential road funding solutions: http://bit.ly/Y3bpfk
--- Email David Eggert at deggert(at)ap.org and follow him at http://twitter.com/DavidEggert00

subset: commoncrawl


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Fighting to Put
Students First
by Michelle Rhee
In a town full of divisive personalities, Michelle Rhee, who ran Washington, DC's public schools from 2007 to 2010, polarized opinion more than any other public figure I can remember, with the exception of a handful of officials. (Here's looking at you, Marion Barry.) I
Either you admire her do-whatever-it-takes attempts to overhaul a system that had become a national embarrassment, or you loathe her as a power-mad, union-busting, school-closing dictator who trampled over teachers, parents and public servants.
Her supporters and detractors could probably agree on one word to describe her: formidable.
There's no whiff of regret in "Radical." By her reckoning, Rhee came in to do a difficult and politically dangerous job, and she did it the way she thought it needed to be done. Once she couldn't do it effectively anymore, she moved on to bring her message of "radical improvement" to the national stage.
"No more mediocrity," she writes in what could be a career slogan. "It's killing us."
Even the fiercest Rhee-haters among my friends and neighbors agreed with her that DCPS needed help. Some schools, especially in the richer parts of town, enjoyed good test scores and high graduation rates. Elsewhere, students trailed far behind their peers nationally in math and reading. Many kids didn't stay in school at all.
"The dropout rate was above 50%," Rhee writes. "The achievement gap was a canyon." Teachers weren't sure they'd have the textbooks and other materials they needed. School buildings suffered from a lack of maintenance and repairs. The system was a mess — "a whole different level of bad," Rhee calls it.
Rhee rode into town in 2007, hired by another lightning rod, then-mayor Adrian Fenty, to clean things up. What she did and how she did it take up about half the book. For all the dust she kicked up, the story as she tells it is not a rodeo of drama. Radical change apparently involves a lot of meetings and negotiations, punctuated by surprise visits to schools, pep talks with confidantes and reminders that kids should come first.
In public, Rhee has never lacked for confidence. Those put off by her ego might be surprised by the uncertainties she felt in her early career as a teacher. The word "struggle" turns up a lot. She nearly flamed out during her first year as a Teach for America fellow at an inner-city Baltimore school in 1993. "Day in and day out, I struggled with my students," she writes. "They simply wouldn't listen. I would routinely spend the day alternating between screaming at the children, bribing them, and giving them the silent treatment for their misdeeds. None of it worked."
She stuck it out. From more experienced teachers she learned how to manage a classroom and keep students engaged. "It was then that the light went on for me," she says. If her students didn't achieve, it wasn't "about their potential or their ability or anything else. It had to do with what I was doing as a teacher, what we were doing as a school, and the expectations that we set for them."
After teaching for three years, Rhee founded a nonprofit called the New Teacher Project, which worked with school systems to recruit more and better teachers.
When Fenty offered her the chancellor gig, friends warned her about DC's racial and social politics, its administrative swamps.
Rhee's first act, after getting the schools open on time, was to take on the DCPS bureaucracy. The new chancellor gave the central-office staff a straighten-up-and-fly-right speech. "Some clapped. I froze hiring," she reports. "In March 2008, I handed out 98 pink slips."
Rhee closed 23 under-subscribed schools in her first year. She fired principals and teachers identified as underperforming or worse. She took on the tenure-and-seniority system protected by the Washington Teachers' Union and the American Federation of Teachers. In 2010, after what sound like painful negotiations, the union approved a new contract that eliminated tenure in exchange for merit pay. That achieved one of Rhee's long-held goals: to do away with what she calls "the dance of the lemons" — the shuffling of union-protected, subpar teachers among classrooms and schools.
As the founder and chief executive of StudentsFirst, an advocacy group that gets involved in political campaigns, she continues to seek and get national attention for education reform.
"We've gone soft as a nation," she warns readers in the book's final section, "A Radical's Vision." "We are not doing our kids any favors by teaching them to celebrate mediocrity, to revel in the average, and to delight in merely participating."
Rhee started something that is still playing out. Kaya Henderson, Rhee's deputy, succeeded her as chancellor. Henderson has a quieter style than Rhee did. But the new chancellor seems just as willing as the old one to close schools and hold accountable a system that for too long let too many Washington students and their parents down.
From The Washington Post


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"Live, travel, adventure, bless, and don't be sorry." ― Jack Kerouac
Christy Hydeck is an award-winning photographer, published author, writer and a mixed-media artist with a severe case of wanderlust. Learn more about her + see for yourself by clicking right here.
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Last Tuesday saw me in Oban with work. The weather was wonderful and I really enjoyed the drive both there and back. On the return journey I saw a chap at the side of the road with a tripod just north of Kilmartin, he was pointing his camera up at Carnasserie castle. This made me slightly envious as I had not thought to take my camera with me
A small way down the road, the stones at ballymeanoch looked fantastic contrasted against their surroundings by the low(ish) winter sun. Again I was kicking myself for not taking the camera along
I checked the forecast and found that the weather was going to be similar on Wednesday. With that in mind I took the camera to work with me. I finished work at lunchtime and drove back up to Kilmartin where I had a very enjoyable afternoon in the sunshine with the camera.


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Bob Dole goes home
HIAWATHA, Kan. — When Bob Dole ran for president in 1996 at the age of 73, Democrats derided him as a relic and a man out of place in the electronic age. Late-night comics mocked him, he tumbled off a stage and President Bill Clinton charged in his convention speech that Dole wanted to "build a bridge to the past."
Nearly two decades later, Dole is having the last laugh — and letting present-day Republicans know they might learn a thing or two from the deal-making glory days of the iconic Kansas war hero.
Story Continued Below
Now in his tenth decade, the former Senate majority leader has embarked on a barnstorming tour of his native state, riding from town to town in Northeast Kansas to crack wise with throngs of his former constituents, sharing cookies and Dole pineapple juice with them as he did in his many campaigns. Dole has more than a dozen stops planned this week and intends to return again in June.
The Republican stalwart said repeatedly Tuesday that the purpose of his sentimental journey was simply to visit with the people of Kansas and express his appreciation for their long support. Friends of the former senator say Dole has been angling to make a trip home for years now, but only recently has his health improved enough to make that possible. A few weeks ago, Dole simply picked up the phone and started calling friends and former aides in Kansas to enlist them in planning a trip.
"Well, I'm just traveling around Kansas eating cookies," Dole told an audience of dozens at a senior center in Holton. "Seriously, I'm just out here having a great time."
But much as Dole is plainly enjoying himself, at each event he also delivers a consistent message: Washington is broken, the parties need to learn to compromise again and, for heaven's sake, things really did work better back in his day. As the Republican Party gropes its way toward a viable theory of national politics, there's even a novelty and freshness to Dole's brand of post-war Republicanism.
At packed events Tuesday, Dole lamented the demise of Democratic deal makers like the late New York Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan, with whom Dole negotiated a major entitlement reform agreement. He castigated Washington politicians for allowing the debt to spiral so high ("Seventeen trillion? I don't know what that is," he said in Holton) and for failing to act to extend the life of Social Security ("It'll always be there," he told the seniors, "but we have to find some way to reduce the debt").
And he took aim at his own party, arguing that Republicans need to sew up their internal divisions and learn to "give a little to get a lot." He expressed dismay at the failure of Congress to pass immigration reform to and said the next GOP presidential nominee must be "somebody with a program."
Having veered back and forth in his career between serving as an energetic partisan and an authentic Capitol Hill negotiator, Dole has lurched hard in the direction of compromise just as the core of his party has done the exact opposite.
"We can't be against everything," the former senator said in a brief interview. "We've got to have a forward-looking program, whether it's immigration, or foreign policy, or education."
Asked why he had decided to go public with such a strong exhortation for legislative compromise, Dole explained: "I just think there are some things we need to get done, and I think there are people on both sides, of good will, who would like to come together."
For many in Dole's audience — including hundreds in a cavernous hall at the University of Kansas Dole Institute — the specifics of his remarks seemed less important than the mere fact of Dole's presence. The last World War II veteran to be nominated for the presidency, a boy from the small town of Russell who grew up in the grip of the Great Depression, he seems now less like the relic of Democratic scorn than a living monument in his own right.
( Earlier on POLITICO: Dole says party must broaden outreach)
Dole, who overcame grievous war injuries to achieve one of the modern Senate's most durable careers, could scarcely open his mouth in Holton before a member of the audience called out to interrupt him.
"I was in the 10th Mountain Division with you, Bob Dole!" the man shouted.
Dole, seated at the front of the room before several long tables of seniors with Congresswoman Lynn Jenkins at his side, responded quietly.
"I'll be darned," he said. "That was a good outfit."
Back in the saddle
Dole's campaign-style schedule this week, his friends and colleagues say, is a testament to his love of the political game and the relentless internal motor that brought him back from physical devastation in the first place. He may have more explicitly political events in store this summer: at least two members of the Kansas delegation have asked him to aid their 2014 reelection efforts on a return visit.
If Dole is having fun on the trail, it doesn't come easily. He walks with the help of an aide. Sitting for photos with his admirers, Dole allows one of his traveling assistants to arrange his red-patterned tie and to help him drink bottled water. He no longer forces himself to grip a pen tightly in his disabled hand, allowing his wartime injury to show a little more openly.
But Dole is, in fact, having fun.
( Also on POLITICO: Dole gives to Miss. Sen. Thad Cochran)
Over and over, he delighted his crowds with the dry, self-deprecating wit that made him a favorite of Washington reporters and elites even as he struggled to connect with the country at large. In Lawrence Tuesday morning, Dole finished his speech by declaring that he was going to "take a few pictures and then Bill [Lacy, director of the Dole Institute] is going to give me a million dollars."
"That's my normal speaking fee," Dole said, drawing laughter from the crowd and a grin from Lacy, a former Dole political adviser with whom the senator remains in regular contact.
Kansans know Dole's mischievous side well. A few hours later, Dole thanked attendees for their votes over the years and added, "If you voted against me, that's OK — I won."
One woman asked Dole if he remembered a certain joke about former Vice President Dan Quayle: "Do you know what we do to quail in Kansas."
Dole's deadpan response: "Yeah, well … Quayle was Quayle."
Shelby Smith, the 86-year-old former lieutenant governor of Kansas who attended Dole's morning event, said no one was more fun on the trail than Dole. He recalled an occasion when he and Dole were pulled over for speeding to an event after the senator's flight to Wichita was delayed by snow. Dole responded, according to Smith, by bluffing the troopers.
"He said, 'Where the hell have you been? You were supposed to meet us at the intersection of so-and-so and so-and so,'" said Smith, who walked with a cane to greet his old friend. "So they flipped on the siren and escorted us into town."


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Sunday October 20, 2019; 01:36 pm EDT
Bright pairings flank the full moon
Thursday the 18th, look to the lower left of the waxing gibbous moon for fiery Antares, the heart of Scorpius. Saturday, the near-full moon is less than 10 degrees below and to the right of Altair, the gleaming eye of Aquila the eagle and one of the three points in the Summer Triangle. Monday, the full moon blazes amid the dim stars of Capricorn. This moon is called the Buck Moon, the Thunder Moon and the Hay Moon.
For weeks now, Venus has been holding steady at sunset in the west-northwest, with the stellar background shifting around it. Over the weekend, Regulus pulls within two degrees of Venus, and by Monday, the two are barely one degree apart. But all this is brief, with the two appearing in the haze of twilight and setting around 9:30.
Before dawn, Jupiter and Mars have been visible in the east-northeast, slowly pulling together. If you're out in the hour before sunrise with a clear view to the east, you should have little trouble spotting Jupiter and Mars amid the stars of Gemini. Monday the two draw within 3⁄4 degree of one another in the closest planetary conjunction of the year. At magnitude –1.9, Jupiter is nearly four times brighter than Mars at magnitude +1.5, but the red planet is a little higher in the sky. If you're lucky, you may see Mercury far below just above the horizon.
One last planet graces our darkened skies. Saturn appears in the southwest after sunset. It, too, has a bright, albeit more distant, neighbor. Spica, the brightest star in the constellation Virgo, is little more than 10 degrees below and to the left of Saturn. Both shine at roughly magnitude +1, but you should be able to tell them apart by Saturn's steady, golden color compared to Spica's twinkling blue-white. Viewed with even a modest telescope, the two become quite distinct, as Saturn's bulging rings come into view. Put that telescope to use Wednesday, when several of Saturn's moons line up in front of the ringed planet.


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The capture of Okinawa (Operation Iceberg) originally was all about the role of airpower in the final phase of the Pacific war. Unlike Iwo Jima, where Marines landed on 19 February 1945, Okinawa offered space to base thousands of strategic bombers and tactical aircraft. It sat just 340 miles from Kyushu, Japan's southernmost Home Island. From Okinawa, U.S. and British strategic bombers could tremendously increase the impact of their bombardment campaign. Tactical aircraft could supplement the overall aerial campaign, clamp down a still-tighter blockade, and also afford direct support for the first stage of the planned two-phase invasion of Japan.
The importance of Okinawa did not escape the Japanese. But their defense plans for the island did not aim for victory. Japan's senior officers sought to employ the struggle on Okinawa to purchase extra time to gird the Home Islands for invasion and to advance their national strategy of exhaustion of the adversaries by attrition. On Okinawa Lieutenant General Mitsuru Ushijima's 32nd Army would conduct one of the few campaigns in the last three years of the war marked by astute Japanese generalship. Ushijima's 100,000 men—about 75,000 Japanese and the rest Okinawans—included three main combat formations: the 24th Division, 62nd Division, and 44th Independent Mixed Brigade (IMB).
Very fortunately for the Americans, Tokyo had transferred the 9th Division, the best on the island, to Formosa, which Imperial Japanese Army leaders mistakenly concluded was the more likely target. Although the move initially depressed morale in the 32nd Army, its clever operations officer, Colonel Hiromichi Yohara, devised an operational plan that infused the army with energetic purpose. He labeled his scheme "sleeping tactics" and promulgated the plan to the army in a pamphlet titled "The Road to Certain Victory."
The army would abandon the northern three-quarters of Okinawa, including, to the consternation of Tokyo, existing airfield sites. On a trio of ridges forming natural ramparts in the southern quarter of the island, the army frantically prepared intricate defensive belts. On Okinawa the Japanese also fielded their most numerous and well-directed artillery component of the Pacific campaigns. The island had served as an artillery training facility, and consequently, the precise terrain survey permitted deadly accurate fires.
Under Yohara's plan, the army would eschew the sort of heroic but self-defeating banzai counterattacks that marked most prior campaigns to preserve strength as long as possible in order to inflict the maximum blood cost on the invaders from within its fortifications. Although Ushijima accepted that annihilation of his army and his death constituted the probable outcome of the battle, he and his staff kindled hopes that their stubborn defense would allow a massive onslaught of kamikaze attacks that would inflict such attrition on the invasion fleet that the Americans would give up.
For both sides, the aspect of Okinawa that boded hugely for the expected invasion of Japan was the presence of nearly half a million civilians. The island's natives actually are ethnically distinct from mainland Japanese, and the Okinawans chafed under what they perceived as deeply ingrained discrimination. The friction remains to this day, and not least of the reasons is that many Okinawans believe the 32nd Army actively encouraged civilians on the island to follow the same policy of suicide before surrender as governed Japan's armed forces. There is little doubt, however, that the 32nd Army would have been just as ruthless if the inhabitants had been Japanese.
The U.S. Tenth Army under Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner drew the task of taking Okinawa. The son of a Confederate general, Buckner's prior role had been in the Aleutians backwater; Okinawa was his first—and only—test as an army commander. Buckner's assault echelon alone required 183,000 troops. After the landing, another 80,000 men would develop a massive array of airfields on Okinawa, requiring no fewer than 25 miles of runways plus taxiways and hardstands. From Europe, Major General James Doolittle's Eighth Air Force (re-equipped with B-29s) would stage to Okinawa, as would a British strategic bombing force of Lancaster bombers, half used as refueling aircraft. Thousands of tactical aircraft under Lieutenant General George Kenny's Far East Air Force would also migrate up to the island. Okinawa would furthermore become a major fleet base.
Two corps constituted the main combat components of the Tenth Army. The 1st, 2nd, and 6th Marine divisions formed Major General Roy Geiger's III Amphibious Corps. The Army's XXIV Corps under Major General John Hodge comprised the 7th, 77th, and 96th Infantry divisions. The Army 27th Infantry Division was Buckner's reserve. A massive 1,418-ship invasion fleet under Admiral Raymond Spruance incorporated both amphibious shipping under Vice Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner, who started the war at Guadalcanal, and vast support forces, including 17 U.S. and 5 British fleet carriers and some 20 battleships. In terms of combat naval might, Spruance's command represented far more power than the Normandy invasion fleet.
The naval forces, however, gained a sobering preview of what Okinawa would cost. On 19 March 1945 during preliminary carrier strikes on Kyushu, two Japanese bombs hit the fleet carrier USS Franklin (CV-13). Huge fires and explosions killed at least 798 crewmen. The losses were an omen that victory would come at an unexpectedly heavy cost.
To the amazement of all hands, virtually no opposition confronted the main American landing on 1 April 1945—April Fool's Day. The III Amphibious Corps crossed Okinawa and then wheeled to clear the northern two-thirds of the island. The XXIV Corps pivoted south. During these early days, ground fighting was so light that Admiral Turner jocularly signaled Admiral Nimitz: "I may be crazy but it looks like the Japs have quit the war, at least in this section." Nimitz replied tersely, "Delete all after crazy."
By 7 April, the 7th and 96th Infantry divisions confronted the first of the major defense lines, which were centered on ancient Shuri Castle, location of the 32nd Army headquarters. Modest U.S. Army advances in exchange for mounting casualties prompted Buckner to commit the 27th Infantry Division on 10 April and the 77th Infantry Division on the 30th. When these too proved insufficient to renew the advance and the III Amphibious Corps completed its sweep of northern Okinawa, Marine infantry units headed south. The III Amphibious Corps took over the right (west) of the Tenth Army line, with the 6th Marine Division on the west coast and the 1st Marine Division on the corps' left, adjacent to the Army's XXIV Corps. (After staging an amphibious feint off southern Okinawa on 1 April, the 2d Marine Division had returned to Saipan to stand in reserve. Only its 8th Marine Regiment, reinforced with an artillery battalion and amphibian tractor battalion, would participate in the last days of the campaign, while attached to the 1st Marine Division. The failure to employ this division en masse on Okinawa remains one of the campaign's controversies.)
The Japanese had responded to the landing by launching Ten Go, a series of ten mass suicide attacks between April and June that ultimately numbered 1,900 kamikaze sorties. These strikes killed at least 3,389 Americans. Although the prime weapon was the suicide plane, in the first of these, on 6-7 April, the superbattleship Yamato and five of her nine consorts were sunk by U.S. carrier planes before they reached Okinawa. During the campaign, at least 30 American ships were sunk and 368 ships and craft damaged, overwhelmingly by kamikazes.
Essentially this is the point where The Pacific picks up the Battle of Okinawa, with the arrival of the 1st Marine Division in southern Okinawa on 1 May. There, the division would battle at the infamous Wana Draw-Dakeshi area and then Shuri Castle. But The Pacific, as usual, is not a story of maneuvers by battalions or larger units. It's Okinawa as seen by the average Marine or Soldier in all its unrelieved physical misery and graphic horror.
The exceptionally well-seasoned and well-led 1st Marine Division entered the battle with a third of its men veterans of two campaigns, a second third veterans of one campaign, and the final third with no combat experience. The markedly higher casualties the American forces had incurred in Europe and the Pacific since a much-increased level of combat starting in June 1944 created a serious problem of manpower mobilization. It prompted the infusion, to maintain strength, of a relatively modest stream of draftees into the heretofore all-volunteer Marine Corps. Since the overwhelming majority of Marines were enlistees, the draftees typically experienced a great deal of good-natured back-and-forth before they were accepted.
Sporadic showers and steady drizzle meanwhile dumped more than four inches of rain in early May, resulting in muddy, chilly personal misery and creating a serious impediment to American combined-arms tactics. But on 21 May the rains became a deluge that lasted nine days and dumped 11 inches of rain. Valleys became swamps, roads became morasses impassable in places even to tracked vehicles, and every sloping surface proved challenging to even simple foot traffic. Resupply, evacuation, and reinforcement of the front line broke down. Hand-carrying supplies forward and the wounded back drained already-low reservoirs of stamina. (In one location, it took 12 men to get a single stretcher through a ravine and fast-flowing stream.) Marines and Soldiers remained continuously wet and caked with mud. Eating became sporadic, sound sleep impossible. Even primitive sanitation broke down, and men sat surrounded by fly-clouded decomposing bodies and human filth.
Cleverly placed, mutually supporting Japanese positions subjected advances to devastating surprise fires from the flanks or even the rear. Hills were won and lost multiple times. By night the usual Japanese infiltration tactics kept all hands on edge. Each newly won position had to be defended against inevitable counterattacks ending often in grenade battles at close range and hand-to-hand fighting. The Japanese funneled replacements from support units into their principal combat formations, which masked for some time the extremely high rate of attrition they too suffered. And always, the Americans experienced more deadly artillery fire than ever before in the Pacific.
No fewer than 11,147 replacements were sent to fill depleted Marine ranks in the III Amphibious Corps. The huge demands for replacements on Iwo Jima and then Okinawa seriously shortened training programs, and the new arrivals proved far more prone to become casualties than the men they replaced. Officer casualties were so high that Eugene Sledge found he could not even keep track of all the officers who served with his outfit—K Company, 3d Battalion, 5th Marines.
On top of all the misery, the battle surged over Okinawan civilians. The Japanese had told them the Americans would rape their women and then slaughter them all. Deadly fires by weapons of all calibers, naval gunfire, and air bombardment killed Okinawans by the thousands. Distinguishing whether civilians were being used as shields by attacking Japanese units presented an insoluble and sickening moral dilemma. Some compassionate Japanese soldiers sought to protect and save the noncombatants. Others, however, sought to kill them to prevent their falling into American hands. Repeatedly, both the Okinawan civilians and the Japanese combatants sought shelter together in caves and tunnels, making it impossible to battle the warriors without inflicting loss on the noncombatants.
The long, costly campaign stirred much highly vocal criticism in America, particularly after Germany surrendered on 8 May and Okinawa represented the only major ongoing battle. One of the most pointed issues then and thereafter was whether General Buckner should have attempted to break the deadlock at the Shuri front by landing a division behind Japanese lines. At various times that proposition was advanced to Buckner not only by Marine officers (who urged use of the 2d Marine Division) but also by Army officers. After subjecting the proposal to serious consideration for three to five days before 22 April, Buckner rejected it primarily for two reasons. First, his logistical officer informed him he could support such an endeavor with food but not ammunition (later operations in this area confirmed that running supplies over the available beaches was a challenge). Second, until 4 May the Japanese kept the 24th Division or the 44th IMB in position precisely to confront such a landing.
Buckner also fielded additional reasons to reject the plan. Heavy losses in the 7th, 27th, and 96th Infantry divisions had so lowered their combat efficiency that they had to be successively rotated off the front lines. Further, because the 77th Infantry Division had to leave behind garrison forces on the Kerama Islands and Ie Shima, it would not be deployed at full strength. Buckner said that if the 77th landed, it would have to be relieved within 48 hours, a very dubious possibility. He called the plan "another Anzio, but worse." But by 4 May, the defenders had to commit both the 24th Division and the 44th IMB to solidify the crumbling main Japanese line. It now appears that Buckner's decision was reasonable up to the 4th, but whether a landing between 5 and 21 May, when the Shuri position fell, was a missed opportunity will remain a lingering question.
After 82 days, Okinawa was declared secure on 21 June. American direct battle casualties totaled 12,520 killed and missing (including Buckner, killed by a Japanese antitank-gun round on 18 June) and 36,613 wounded. "Non-battle" casualties, including those who broke down mentally or became sick or injured, reached 33,096. Of the Japanese garrison of about 100,000, more than 92,000 died (including Ushijima, by his own hand on 22 June). About 7,401 defenders became prisoners of war, the highest rate for a Pacific campaign, but a significant portion of this number were impressed Okinawans. Even so, prisoners overwhelmingly were only taken after organized resistance ended on 21 June. The Okinawans have erected a monument on which are inscribed the names of all the combatants and noncombatants who died in the campaign. Those names total more than 252,000, thus indicating civilian deaths exceeded 147,000.
If total American losses then are placed at 82,229, the ratio of casualties is one American to less than 1.2 Japanese. With current American estimates of the strength of the Japanese armed forces at about five million (the actual number exceeded six million by August 1945) and bluntly expressed doubts by the Joint Chiefs of Staff that an organized capitulation of Japan's army and navy could be obtained, this ratio served as a dire warning of the potential human costs of ending the war.
Time magazine described the long Okinawa struggle as "one foot at a time against the sort of savage, rat-in-a-hole defense that only the Japanese can offer." Americans from President Harry S. Truman on down saw Okinawa as the Japanese intended—a preview of what an invasion of Japan would be like. As historian Ronald Spector remarked, the campaign paradoxically left the losers elated and the winners depressed. The Japanese saw the struggle as validation for their strategic aim of one final battle against the initial American invasion of the Home Islands. There, they would either defeat the attempt or inflict such casualties that the Americans would negotiate an end to the war to the taste of Japan's ultra-nationalistic and -militaristic leaders. The fact that the struggle for relatively small Okinawa had lasted 82 days, involved heavy American casualties, and previewed what fighting amid large Japanese populations would entail made U.S. officers and men tabbed for the invasion of the Home Islands believe their chances of survival were slim.
As one American staff officer observed, casualty figures from Okinawa left President Truman "perturbed." He spoke directly of his fears that an invasion of Japan would create "an Okinawa from one end of Japan to the other." Okinawa undoubtedly loomed very heavily in Truman's mind when the issue of using atomic bombs arose. In a way no prior work in any form has accomplished, The Pacific illuminates for generations to come just what the specter of "the invasion of Japan" meant to Americans of all stations in 1945.
The Marines' Most Famous Battle
By Richard B. Frank
Sitting 660 miles south of Tokyo, Iwo Jima was almost exactly midway between Japan and the American B-29 Superfortress bomber bases in the Marianas. In American hands, it would simultaneously permit basing of escort fighters for B-29 raids on Japan and provide a haven for Superfortresses in distress. In the longer term, it might prove an indispensable support and staging base for an invasion of Japan.
Japanese leaders deployed about 22,000 men to the obviously valuable island, mainly the 109th Division and 2nd Mixed Brigade. More important, Tokyo placed Lieutenant General Tadamichi Kuribayashi in command. He proved to be one of imperial Japan's ablest generals. Except for a modest beach defense program his superiors demanded and a detachment on Mount Suribachi, the dominant elevation at the southern tip of the island, Kuribayashi deployed his men in the rugged northern two-thirds of Iwo Jima. From there, he intended to stage a bloody, protracted attrition battle amid defensive positions that formed perhaps the greatest single fortress of World War II.
For Operation Detachment, the seizure of Iwo Jima, Marine Major General Harry K. Schmidt's V Amphibious Corps (the 3d, 4th, and 5th Marine divisions) deployed with some 75,144 men. It remains the largest independent battle in Marine Corps history. Supporting the landing force was a vast armada of amphibious shipping and fire-support ships plus a fast carrier task force.
American intelligence signally failed on two counts. It underestimated the garrison by at least a third and completely missed Kuribayashi's intent to sell his men's lives at the highest possible price at the north end of the island. These errors also resulted in the misdirection of the preinvasion bombardment, the heaviest of the war, to the southern landing beaches.
In most places, the first 20 to 30 minutes after the initial landings on 19 February 1945 were deceptively quiet. The Japanese patiently waited until the Marines were thickly clustered and waddling up terraces of soft volcanic sand before unleashing torrents of machine-gun, mortar, and artillery fire. One Marine compared the Americans' predicament to "trying to fight in a bin of loose wheat." After skillfully and heroically leading an assault on a bunker, Gunnery Sergeant John Basilone was killed by enemy fire before the landing day ended.
On 23 February 1945, men from Company E, 2d Battalion, 28th Marines raised two flags on Mount Suribachi. Photographer Joe Rosenthal's picture of the second flag-raising endures as the most famous image of the Pacific war. With southern Iwo Jima in hand, the three Marine divisions wheeled and advanced north in an incredibly savage struggle that would officially last until 26 March.
For the combatants, Iwo Jima provided one of the eeriest combat experiences of the war. The Japanese were thoroughly dug in and made a habit of dragging away their dead and wounded; many Marines seldom saw a live or even a dead enemy fighter. The Marines felt as if they were battling the very earth itself, not its human denizens. The Japanese defenders had the reverse view and spent the last weeks, days, or hours of their young lives encased in tomb-like underground burrows.
Total U.S. losses reached 24,733, including 6,913 killed. Of the Japanese garrison, Kuribayashi and more than 20,000 others died; only 1,083 were captured through May. Ominously, for the first time the Japanese inflicted more casualties than they sustained against an amphibious assault. In words that would find their way to the striking Marine Corps War Memorial, which was based on the Rosenthal photograph, Admiral Chester Nimitz said that on Iwo Jima "uncommon valor was a common virtue."


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- Overview
- Manual Sessions
Auto-Save Session
- Variables
- Interactive Commands
- Caveats
1. Overview
A session is a representation of windows and buffers, and the URLs loaded in them. Sessions may be saved to and loaded from disk. There are two types of sessions: manual and auto-save.
To load the session module, add the following to your rc:
2. Manual Sessions
Manual sessions are named sessions created by the user. There is no limit on the number of manual sessions as they are plain text files.
2.1. Variables
2.1.1. session_dir
The default directory where sessions will be loaded and saved. This variable must be a nsIFile instance, or a subclass thereof.
The default value is the sessions directory inside Conkeror's application profile directory.
2.1.2. session_save_buffer_access_order
When true, the last-access order of buffers will be preserved in the session.
2.2. Interactive Commands
2.2.1. session-save
Prompts for a path and saves the current session there.
2.2.2. session-load-window-new
Prompts for a path and loads all windows in the session in new windows.
2.2.3. session-load-window-current
Prompts for a path and loads the first window of the session in the current window without affecting existing buffers. Additional windows in the session will be opened in new windows.
2.2.4. session-load-window-current-replace
Prompts for a path, closes all buffers in the current window, and loads the first window of the session in the current window. Additional windows in the session will be opened in new windows.
2.2.5. session-remove
Prompts for a path and removes the specified session.
3. Auto-Save Session
The auto-save session is created automatically by the browser. When a buffer is created or delete, or when a buffer's location changes, the current session is automatically saved.
The auto-save session is controlled by a mode, session-auto-save-mode, which is enabled by default when the session.js module is required in the rc:
The auto-save session can be loaded automatically at startup when session-auto-save-mode is enabled. See the variable session_auto_save_auto_load for details.
3.1. Variables
3.1.1. session_auto_save_file
Specifies the location where the auto-save session should be stored. Its value may be one of two types:
- string
If the value is a string, it will be interpreted as the filename of the auto-save session relative to session_dir. It must be a filename, not a full path.
- nsIFile
If the value is an nsIFile (or sub-class) instance, it will be interpreted as the the full path to the auto-save session file.
The default value is "auto-save", a filename relative to session_dir.
3.1.2. session_auto_save_auto_load
Controls automatic loading of the auto-save session at startup, and may have one of three values.
- true
- The auto-saved session will be automatically loaded at start-up.
- false
The auto-save session will not be automatically loaded at start-up, though it can be manually loaded with the session-auto-save-load-* interactive commands.
- "prompt"
- A prompt will be displayed at start-up asking whether or not to load the auto-save session.
The default value is false.
3.1.3. session_auto_save_auto_load_fn
Holds a reference to the function which should be used to load the auto-saved session when conkeror is started with URLs given on the command-line. It may have one of three values.
- session_auto_save_load_window_new
- Load the session in a new window.
- session_auto_save_load_window_current
- Load the session in the current window after loading the URLs given on the command line, or after any existing buffers.
- null
Do not load the session when URLs are given on the command line. The auto-saved session can be manually loaded using the session-auto-save-load-* interactive commands.
The default value is null.
3.2. Interactive Commands
3.2.1. session-auto-save-load-window-new
Loads all windows of the auto-save session in new windows.
3.2.2. session-auto-save-load-window-current
Loads the first window of the auto-save session in the current window without affecting existing buffers. Additional windows in the session will be opened in new windows.
3.2.3. session-auto-save-load-window-current-replace
Closes all buffers in the current window and loads the first window of the auto-save session in the current window. Additional windows in the session will be opened in new windows.
3.2.4. session-auto-save-remove
Remove the auto-save session from disk. The auto-save session which is loaded at start-up is still cached in memory, so the session-auto-save-load-* commands can still be used.
3.3. Caveats
3.3.1. Closing Conkeror Properly
Due to a bug in conkeror, when conkeror is closed via window manager events (like clicking the 'X' in the window decoration), the session is not automatically saved. For the session to be saved, you must exit using C-x C-c.
However, if conkeror crashes, the session will still be available, and buffers open at the time of the crash will be recoverable.
3.3.2. Daemon Mode
Auto-loading the auto-saved session at startup does not yet work properly with daemon mode.


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John Mason Neale
Anglican author, historian and hymn-writer
Born in London, educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, Neale was ordained deacon in 1841 and priest in 1842. As an undergraduate at Cambridge, he was one of the founders of the Cambridge Camden Society. Neale's strong High Church views and support of Puseyism embroiled him in lifelong controversy and militated against any ecclesiastical appointments. After a brief pastorate in Crawley, Sussex, in 1842, his poor health prompted residence in Madeira. He returned to England in 1845. The following year he became warden of Sackville College, a charitable institution in East Grinstead.
That position he held until his death two decades later. In it he had the opportunity to exercise his interests in human welfare and in writing. His extensive charitable efforts included prominently the founding of the nursing Sisterhood of St. Margaret, which eventually came to include an orphanage, a school for girls, and a home for fallen women.
An accomplished linguist, said to have known as many as twenty languages, he was a prolific writer, authoring some seventy publications and numerous hymns. His works include essays, commentaries, books for children, and a compilation of hymns. Neal's fame as a hymnologist rests not only in his numerous original compositions but also in his translations of ancient and medieval hymns, an area in which he has hardly had an equal. His translations include works of Bernard of Cluny, Theodolf, and Prudentius. His poetical works won him the Seatonian prize on eleven occasions. His frail health, in combination with his heavy labors and years of controversy contributed to his early death. His works include Hymns of the Eastern Church (1862), Essays on Liturgiology and Church History (1863), and The History of the Holy Eastern Church (five volumes, 1847-1873).
Works by John Mason Neale
In 1865, John Mason Neale and others founded the Anglican and Eastern Churches Association, an organization dedicated to praying and working for the reunion of the Eastern Orthodox Churches and the Anglican Communion. This book contains translations of the Eastern liturgies and hymns into English. To aid his readers, Neale provides information about the material's history, context, and style. The translations themselves measure up to any standard of excellence. They reflect not only the linguistic scholarship of their author, but also his skill as the lyricist of the beloved Christmas hymn "Good King Wenceslas."
Popularity is calculated by comparing this book's number of views to our most commonly read book. Popularity is calculated by comparing this book's number of editions to the book with the largest number of editions.


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Do you know of any famous mathematicians who were also philosophers? I have heard of Descartes, Plato and Leibniz. Are there other good examples, especially more modern examples?
Also welcome are works of literature which use mathematics in descriptions and use mathematical properties in their works (maybe like Borges in the Book of Sand, or Flatland by Edwin Abbott).


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112th CONGRESS
2d Session
To establish Pinnacles National Park in the State of California as a unit of the National Park System, and for other purposes.
Short title
This Act may be cited as the
Pinnacles National Park Act.
The Congress makes the following findings:
Pinnacles National Monument was established by Presidential Proclamation 796 on January 16, 1908, for the purposes of protecting its rock formations, and expanded by Presidential Proclamation 1660 of May 7, 1923; Presidential Proclamation 1704 of July 2, 1924; Presidential Proclamation 1948 of April 13, 1931; Presidential Proclamation 2050 of July 11, 1933; Presidential Proclamation 2528 of December 5, 1941; Public Law 94–567; and Presidential Proclamation 7266 of January 11, 2000.
While the extraordinary geology of Pinnacles National Monument has attracted and enthralled visitors for well over a century, the expanded Monument now serves a critical role in protecting other important natural and cultural resources and ecological processes. This expanded role merits recognition through legislation.
Pinnacles National Monument provides the best remaining refuge for floral and fauna species representative of the central California coast and Pacific coast range, including 32 species holding special Federal or State status, not only because of its multiple ecological niches but also because of its long-term protected status with 14,500 acres of Congressionally designated wilderness.
Pinnacles National Monument encompasses a unique blend of California heritage from prehistoric and historic Native Americans to the arrival of the Spanish, followed by 18th and 19th century settlers, including miners, cowboys, vaqueros, ranchers, farmers, and homesteaders.
Pinnacles National Monument is the only National Park System site within the ancestral home range of the California Condor. The reintroduction of the condor to its traditional range in California is important to the survival of the species, and as a result, the scientific community with centers at the Los Angeles Zoo and San Diego Zoo in California and Buenos Aires Zoo in Argentina looks to Pinnacles National Monument as a leader in California Condor recovery, and as an international partner for condor recovery in South America.
The preservation, enhancement, economic and tourism potential and management of the central California coast and Pacific coast range's important natural and cultural resources requires cooperation and partnerships among local property owners, Federal, State, and local government entities and the private sector.
Establishment of Pinnacles National Park
Establishment and purpose
There is hereby established Pinnacles National Park in the State of California for the purposes of—
preserving and interpreting for the benefit of future generations the chaparral, grasslands, blue oak woodlands, and majestic valley oak savanna ecosystems of the area, the area's geomorphology, riparian watersheds, unique flora and fauna, and the ancestral and cultural history of native Americans, settlers and explorers; and
interpreting the recovery program for the California Condor and the international significance of the program.
The boundaries of Pinnacles National Park are as generally depicted on the map entitled
Proposed: Pinnacles National Park Designation Change, numbered 114/111,724, and dated December 2011. The map shall be on file and available for public inspection in the appropriate offices of the National Park Service.
Abolishment of current Pinnacles National Monument
In general
In light of the establishment of Pinnacles National Park, Pinnacles National Monument is hereby abolished and the lands and interests therein are incorporated within and made part of Pinnacles National Park. Any funds available for purposes of the monument shall be available for purposes of the park.
Any references in law (other than in this Act), regulation, document, record, map or other paper of the United States to Pinnacles National Monument shall be considered a reference to Pinnacles National Park.
The Secretary of the Interior shall administer Pinnacles National Park in accordance with this Act and laws generally applicable to units of the National Park System, including the National Park Service Organic Act (16 U.S.C. 1, 2–4).
Redesignation of Pinnacles Wilderness as Hain Wilderness
Subsection (i) of the first section of Public Law 94–567 (90 Stat. 2693; 16 U.S.C. 1132 note) is amended by striking
Pinnacles Wilderness and inserting
Hain Wilderness. Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document, paper, or other record of the United States to the Pinnacles Wilderness shall be deemed to be a reference to the Hain Wilderness.
Passed the House of Representatives July 31, 2012.
Karen L. Haas,


text:
CLEVELAND, Miss.—The Birmingham-Southern swimming and diving teams had a third straight day of record-setting performances on the final day of the Delta State Christmas Invitational, held at the DSU Aquatic Complex in Cleveland, Miss.
Both the men and the women finished in fifth place in a field of mostly Division II schools, and both Panther squads finished ahead of conference rival Rhodes College.
Seven more records fell today for a total of 17 broken on the weekend. On the women's side, freshman Jordan Ames broke the 200 fly record twice today, once in the preliminaries and then again in the finals with a time of 2:12.50. Sophomore Molly Waddell also broke the 100 free record with a time of 53.63.
For the men, sophomore Duncan Bonney broke the 200 breast record with a mark of 2:02.07, which is an NCAA qualifying time and the sixth-fastest time in the nation so far this season. Bonney also led off the 400 free relay, and his time of 45.71 in the 100 free broke the school record and achieved a national cut. Junior David Lutomski broke the 200 fly record by over seven seconds with a time of 1:55.37, and sophomore Drew Priede broke the 200 back record with a mark of 1:54.04.
The Panthers take a break for Christmas before returning to action Jan. 11 with a home meet against Rhodes and Darton State at the Birmingham CrossPlex.


text:
Tracking down the S Adelman that you are trying to seek is easy USA-People-Search.com. Our elaborate archive list of people search information, like age, present addresses, and phone numbers. The latest address for S Adelman is located in Silver Spring, MD.
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text:
This is one of the most masculine yet baby looking Christening Sets possible. You get the look of a three piece set with a pant, top and vest but with the convenience of only having to put one piece over the baby's head. The 100% mercerized cotton knit is exquisitely finished to provide a soft, comfortable and stylish outfit. See matching hat item #CKNITHT sold separtely. Imported. Shipped on plastic hanger in poly bag. Shipped on plastic hanger in poly bag. Heirloom Preservation Bag recommended for long-term storage.
Check Your Size Here
Boys Christening Shoe Made of 100% Cotton Sateen
Christening Essentials
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email: email@example.com
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Beautiful christening gowns and outfits online for boys and girls. Buy christening outfits and gowns online. From baby christening sets, preemie christening outfits, heirloom and preemie gowns. preemie sets, take me home outfits, keepsake gifts, shoes, socks, bibs, blankets to baptism gown, baptism dresses all of the finest quality material
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Copyright © 2005-2016 All Rights Reserved Christening Essentials


text:
ABOUT TIME!!! I havent been this excited for an RC since my first RC.. Thank you!!
Traxxas please sell kits!
I KNOW RIGHT its so cool I want to get it!!!!!!!!!!!!
"Brakes? Who needs them? They only slow you down"
I just saw it! I really like it!
Is owning 27 RC's too many? No way!
Traxxas is getting to be like the old GM...
but it does look cool.
Maybe they are coming closer to a reinvention and period of design like the new GM. Our acadia is 100,000 miles and no problems yet.
Cars: erevo vxl, 1/16 summit, stampede vxl, tmaxx
that thing looks awesome! i want one!
"That don't make NO sense!"
Can't wait to see this! I already have a couple of Ford Fiesta bodies to use that I was planning on using on my sons 1/10 slash. Hopefully they are the same length.
Sent from my iPhone 4S using Tapatalk
XO-1|SlashUE-MMM2200|Rally-SV2&MERV-MMP w/NEU1112
Its aVailable on my birthday haha that's awesome
Sent from my SGH-T989D using Tapatalk 2
summit and e-revo sv2 5700, BL p2ede
Well, happy birthday 14 days early!Its aVailable on my birthday haha that's awesome
Is owning 27 RC's too many? No way!
What would you guess the sugg. retail price will be?
Oh thanks... amain didnt have them listed. Seems pricey. Either way, super cool. I'd love to throwa a mcallister late modle body on it but the wheel base looks a little wide for them. I think the max width body mcalisster makes is 10"
I like the idea of this chassis. Almost the same layout as a Slash 4x4, but I like how they kept the bottom of the chassis all smooth.
They should have done something else with the body though, it is ugly!
Depending on price, I might get one.
These are going to be sick!!!
Thrash It, Bash it, Break it, No Regrets!!!
Lowered Slash chassis in a car, I think Jang did that a while back. Good to see Traxxas offering it to the public as a ready to go model. Some complain that they reuse the same chassis over and over again, but that's the best way to keep prices down and quality up.
With this new Rally chassis set-up I see a pretty easy SC convertion, length and width are very close....lol! I love Traxxas and the RTRs they have but they do need more ARR models like the Slash 4x4 Platinum. They don't all have to be a Platinum type model with all the hope-ups added, but the regular RTR just w/o transmitter and receiver, although more Platinum type models should also be added too
Tailrotors are for weenies!!
First I have seen of it!
Whatever it is I just typed... could be wrong.
Which Fiesta body is that??
It isn't.
Have you checked out the product page?
Whatever it is I just typed... could be wrong.
Man I want too many rc toys!!!
Thrash It, Bash it, Break it, No Regrets!!!
Must be the Focus ST (3367-00)
No wonder i couldn't find it while searching for Fiesta lol.
Good to know there is a clear body available right out of the box for these
If it clears the front bumper pad with minimal mods, thats a win right there.
Last edited by Cameron; 10-21-2012 at 09:57 PM.


text:
The work that Shaun O'Connell does is required by law, yet now he's sidelined by the government shutdown.
O'Connell reviews disability claims for the Social Security Administration in New York, checking that no one's gaming the system, while ensuring people with legitimate medical problems are compensated properly.
Billions of dollars are at stake with this kind of work, yet O'Connell is considered a nonessential employee for purposes of the partial government shutdown.
"If you stick with the semantics of essential and nonessential, you could easily be offended," says O'Connell, who has worked for Social Security for 20 years.
There's a difference between what's urgent and what's important. Like other federal employees, O'Connell understands that what he does isn't necessarily crucial on a daily basis, like being a trauma surgeon with the Veterans Administration, for instance, or a member of the Capitol Hill police force.
But he believes what he does is necessary — and that there will be a big backlog of cases waiting for him when he is able to get back to work.
Whenever that may be.
"People aren't having a heart attack and don't need their wounds dressed, but it doesn't change the fact that what we do over the long term makes an absolute difference to the quality of life in this country," says Carolyn Federoff, an attorney with the Department of Housing and Urban Development in Boston. "I never doubt that."
Who Is Essential?
Every agency has to determine which employees are essential and which ones must be furloughed.
Actually, the terms of art now describe federal workers as "exempt" or "not exempt" from furloughs. The use of "nonessential" to describe employees during the federal shutdowns of 1995 and 1996 was considered demeaning.
But "exempt" hasn't exactly caught on. Conservative commentators have seized on the fact that the government is doing without 800,000 workers — including most of those at the Environmental Protection Agency — as proof of waste.
"According to the federal government, 94 percent of EPA employees are 'non-essential," tweeted Campaign for Liberty, a group founded by former Texas GOP Rep. Ron Paul. "Seems low."
Needless to say, federal workers resent their careers being treated so cavalierly.
"We do feel dissed by the whole thing," says Tyrone Van Hoesen, who works on rural bankruptcy issues for the Department of Agriculture in St. Louis.
Can't Get No Respect
What bugs furloughed employees such as Van Hoesen is not so much being labeled as superfluous, but continuously being treated with disregard by politicians in Washington.
Government work has traditionally been about as steady as employment gets. But civil servants have gone without a raise for three years now and many didn't need to wait for the shutdown to face furlough days, thanks to the spending cuts known as sequestration.
"Every time we have one of these budget showdowns, we look at each other and say, 'What do we lose this time?' " Federoff says.
Many federal employees have held their jobs for decades and recognize that they still enjoy vastly greater job security than private sector peers. But this business of being out on furlough is already getting old. And there's no end in sight.
As is the case for O'Connell, Cynthia McKnight's job — ferreting out potential waste in public housing programs for HUD — is mandated by law. But like him, she's been furloughed from her job in New York City.
"A lot of people are very angry because it's not our fault," she says. "We're not responsible for this. We want to work, and we're not able to."
Work That Matters
O'Connell says he was working on disability claims up until the moment he was forced off the clock this past Tuesday. He found several mistakes other officials had made along the way, including an eligibility claim involving a person with kidney failure who is on renal dialysis.
That person should be getting a bigger check, but will have to wait until the shutdown is over to see it.
Processing such claims has been enough of a priority that Congress in 1996 authorized about $4 billion over seven years to clear up a backlog of 4.3 million cases.
But the backlog has since grown again. The shutdown won't help matters.
Many federal workers perform such "back office" functions that are mostly invisible to the public — but without which Social Security claims aren't processed, public housing units don't get built and polluted sites don't get cleaned up.
"The reality is, with the current funding environment, we're certainly not going to be paid any more money to make up for lost time," says Mike Weiss, a project manager with NASA in Greenbelt, Md. "It is enormously difficult to maintain the motivation of the workforce."
Federal workers found themselves divided into two groups this week - the essential and the nonessential. The essentials went to work; the nonessentials did not. But is it hard to enjoy any time off if you're not only not getting paid, but you have been labeled nonessential? NPR's Alan Greenblatt has been speaking with government workers. He joins us now from St. Louis Public Radio. Alan, thanks so much for being with us.
ALAN GREENBLATT, BYLINE: Hi, Scott.
SIMON: You went to a protest in St. Louis, by federal workers. How were they feeling?
GREENBLATT: Well, of course they're not very happy. For them this is the latest insult. They look at it as part of a string of having been used as bargaining chips or as an ATM during other budget fights. They've had furlough days through this year due to spending cuts known as sequestration. Civil servants haven't gotten a raise for three years. And now of course they don't know how long they're going to be out of work with the current shutdown.
SIMON: And they may have mortgages, they may have car payments, right?
GREENBLATT: Well, of course they have all those things. I talked to one woman who's already told her kids if this goes on much longer she's canceling Christmas. It seems like everyone I talk to either has a kid for whom they have to pay tuition or they have student loans themselves if they're young enough.
SIMON: What kind of jobs do nonessential, and I'll put that in quotes, "nonessential" federal workers have, the ones you met?
GREENBLATT: It's a wide range of activities. There are people who are helping people with rural bankruptcy issues or with writing contracts for insurance so that multi-family units can be built for public housing. I talked to somebody with NASA who is working on a project to send satellites that will convert data transmissions from radio frequencies to lasers. That satellite's not going up until 2017, so right now he's not essential. At NASA, if you don't have something in the air, you're not working right now.
SIMON: Did anybody talk about what it's like to be labeled nonessential?
GREENBLATT: Well, I think people have an understanding that it's a technical term. It's actually been changed since the '95-'96 shutdowns to exempt and non-exempt. Those haven't really caught on. Of course they feel very insulted when some conservatives use this as a talking point in the current debate, that if we have 800,000 nonessential workers, it proves that the government is bloated.
But I think there's a difference between urgent and important.
SIMON: I wonder, Alan, did you run into any workers who have been maybe putting money aside for just this kind of eventuality?
GREENBLATT: I did actually find one woman who has the six months of savings that financial planners would tell you you need to have. But she's pretty rare. Most people don't have that much saved away, but some people have heard the rhetoric over the last couple years, they saw it coming. This fellow who I talked to with Social Security, they have a certain quota of disability claims that they have to check by the end of the fiscal year, so he made sure to get as much overtime as he could working through that backlog so that he could have a little bit saved away for just such a circumstance.
SIMON: NPR's Alan Greenblatt, speaking with us from St. Louis. Thank you for this essential conversation, Alan.
GREENBLATT: Well, thank you, Scott.
SIMON: And you're listening to NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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Formosus necesitaba un nuevo diseño de página web y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 16 diseños de 6 diseñadores freelance.
We have our branding, but now need someone to design a homepage and second level page layout and design.
Formosus Designs
We are asmall company that has been trading for almost 8 months quite successfully, webought our domain name when we formed the company and launched a holding page,but have done nothing with this since then.
Our company provides model making, product design, and web applicationsolutions to a range of industries. We now have enough work under our belt thatwe can produce a worthwhile company brochure style website, however have nofull time design team, hence the need to experiment with this forum.
What we need;
We have our branding, but now need someone to design a homepage and secondlevel page layout and design.
We want something that looks beautify designed, that can reflect the time andskill we put in to all our projects. Our logo is black and white, as is all ourbusiness cards, and stationary, so the site should probably follow this theme,however saying that if you can make colour work in any aspect please do, we'reaware that a grey scale site may not be the most engaging!
- Beautifullydesigned, Styleish, fluid website
- Simple navagation
- SEO Friendly design
- Nothing corporate


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Is T-Mobile Exempt From NSA Searches?
When the National Security Agency harvests troves of customer data from U.S. telecommunications companies, it leaves out one nationwide carrier. Is T-Mobile exempt? Danny Yadron joins digits. Photo: Getty Images.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... I ... according to a story in today's Wall Street Journal ... Customers T Mobile and Verizon wireless are shielded by the government's fleet of phone records ... but don't worry ... the government still thinks it is getting most of that information ... here to explain this with their juices Wall Street Journal reporter Danny out and ... Danny fascinating story in the paper today ... let's go thanks for having me thank you ... let's start with T Mobile and Verizon Wireless why isn't the government collecting data from them ... all the reasons are a little unclear according to our sources that our sources also indicated in some way linked ... to the fact that both these companies are at least partly owned ... by foreign entities ... AG's T Mobile is seventy four percent owned by Germany's Deutsche Telekom ... and Verizon Wireless is a joint venture between that Verizon American company ... and bought a pound ... on base in the UK ... and this issue of foreign ownership is an interesting one because what's going on in the industry is that Softbank accompanied Japan is making overtures to buy Sprint ... what what happened in that case ... what in the case there's been extensive than national security review with the Department of Treasury add a ... D or D E at the ... Department Homeland Security ... and as for is actually going to probably create a separate U S subsidiary ... to handle its classified contracts with the government ... even more so aam the governor has insisted they create a board level ... position ... that the government will have to live approval rate Silver and his position ... as ... security director ... is said to be filled by Admiral retired Admiral Mike Mullen who used to be the chairman of the joint Chiefs of staff of the highest rating ... military position in the U S military ... interesting ... so ... that's why ... on the government has been able to collect the data from T Mobile Verizon wireless ... yet the government ... is suggesting that it can still get about ninety nine percent of the phone traffic in the US ... why is that ... Wall phone calls you know whether they're made from a cell phone are from the landline phone Financial ego person Core Infrastructure laid under the ground ... um most of which is owned by Verizon the American company or eighteen T another American firm ... and gold discovery of a long history of working ... with US intelligence services ... so if you're at it in mobile phone unit are calling another T Mobile customer ... many times the call will still travel over in eighteen T or Verizon hiked its point ... and T Mobile has to pay carriage fees to Verizon eighteen T and ... that data is collected and can eventually be given to the National Security Agency ... but the one thing to be clear that our sources did suggests this is still down in the blind sided with the small blind spot ... on especially if no one T Mobile customer calling another T Mobile customer or something like that ... so the key here is really the government's relationship with eighteen T and Verizon at the end of the day ... exactly these are added to the major ... and backbone providers ... in the American telecommunication system ... and you're ... going back a long time and U S telecom firms that a very deep relationship with intelligence agencies and ... whether you know the terrain or rather the FBI with wire taps or the sight of the Massive Data Collection we've been reading about the past week ... given all the attention as an all the scrutiny that people been getting this program over the past couple weeks ... hmm do he says that there might be any changes in store ... I really don't get to talk to ... him ... American telecom officials in the news is that part of doing business ... in America again for for many years this is not a recent development of the CNN program Piers give expanded in scope ... in the post nine eleven era ... but that is the sort of in and out of it has been there for awhile ... nominees are American companies to journal and uses the way to protect national security and there were one of their biggest concerns ... is making jihad are not legally liable in cases of no privacy or customers or anything like that ... there's actually a law passed ... about half a decade ago to to make sure that was the case that is what is illegal for discovered ... these companies haven't done anything to suggest the dough ... they're not willing to cooperate with the NSA ... interesting stuff thanks Daddy for coming on and I guess the takeaway for customers is that ... the government will be able to find you ... no matter what ... is it that suffered joining authentic


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Free and open to the public, 8:30 a.m. – 5 p.m., 7 days a week (occasional closures around winter holiday times).
Located at: 1844 Woods Rd, Bedford, VA 24523
The University of Lynchburg Claytor Nature Center is a testament to preservation and conservation.
Through the vision and generosity of the late A. Boyd Claytor III, the 18th century farm and plantation house were given to the University of Lynchburg to serve as an education and research center for environmental study and to preserve the land for future generations.
Located at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains, the Claytor Center encompasses freshwater streams, woodlands, wetlands, grasslands, rare plants, wildlife, and a portion of the Big Otter River.
A hiking trail system, small-group campground, and amphitheatre are other features of the property. The Virginia Claytor Memorial Gardens, created in memory of the late Mrs. Claytor, form a series of formal flower, herb, and shrub plantings.
In 2016, Lynchburg College alumnus Bob Kibler donated 21 acres of land to expand the Claytor Center to its current 491 acres.
- A. Boyd Claytor III Education and Research Facility, a 7,700-square-foot multi-purpose building, offers Lynchburg students and regional K-12 students and teachers an ideal location for learning with seminar, laboratory, classroom, conference, and retreat space.
- Belk Astronomical Observatory provides a virtually unobstructed view of the night sky along the full horizon.
- Cloverlea, the original farmhouse, is a scenic venue for special events.
Land Management
Sound environmental stewardship governs all uses of the Center.
The land is managed for environmental conservation and restoration through agreements with the Virginia Outdoors Foundation and the USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service. The farmhouse, cemetery, and other historic structures will be preserved and documented as part of an ongoing study of the cultural history of the area.
Cloverlea Restoration Project
Built c. 1790, the Cloverlea farmhouse is in need of renovation. The house, with spectacular views of the Peaks of Otter, is a perfect location for meetings and events at Claytor.
Learn more about our restoration project in this video.


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As a financial counselor, the # 1 question I hear from potential (and current) nursing students is:
Where can I get more money for my nursing education?
and, more specifically:
How can I get money from the United States Government to help with nursing school?
These are great questions. I mean, the U.S. Government really SHOULD be subsidizing people's educations, since they're presumably going to bear the burden of there being a shortage of one million nurses in the next twenty years, right? It stands to reason that if there aren't enough nurses to care for sick people, then these sick people will become a burden on their families (reducing the number of taxable hours worked), stay longer at county hospitals (taxing Medicare and Medicaid resources), and negatively affect the number of hospitals that can stay open (impacting the economy in general. All bad news, so you'd think the government would wise up and throw some money at nursing schools and students, right?
Believe me, quite a few people are lobbying Congress at this very moment, trying to get more funds allocated for this very purpose. In the meantime, though, here are some places where the government actually DOES provide funding- programs you might not know about!
1. The Indian Health Service. Because of the shortage of good health care on Indian Reservations, the U.S. Government now offers a program where ANYONE (no, you don't have to be Native American) can get their student loans paid off (up to $20,000/ year) if they agree to work on a reservation.
2. The Health Resources Services Administration (HRSA) has a scholarship program for nursing students.
3. The Nursing Education Loan Repayment Program. Yes, it really does exist, and yes-- they really are giving away money (up to $17 million per year).
4. Perkins Loan Cancellation. This is one that you'll need to ask your specific loan provider about, but in many cases, nurses (and sometimes teachers) can get their Perkins Loans canceled if they're working in a healthcare job. Caution: do NOT just stop paying your Perkins Loan and assume it will be canceled for you-- this could result in a negative mark on your credit! Do the paperwork! To get information on this, you need to call the Federal Student Aid Commission (FSAIC) at 1-800-4-FED-AID, and ask them for "Perkins Loan Cancellation for Nurses." You can also go into the financial aid office at your school and ask them to add you to the cumulative number of students working as a full-time nurse. They should know what you're talking about. If your counselor doesn't, keep asking until you find the person in the office who works on healthcare financial aid!!!
5. National Health Service Corps Scholarships. For students enrolled in primary care nursing practitioner or certified nurse midwife programs. This is a competitive scholarship program, and recipients serve where they are most needed upon completion of their training.
6. State Nursing Programs. This one really falls under "state government programs," but is worth mentioning here, as many states will cancel your student loans if you're willing to work in an underserved area. To find these programs, you'll need to Google your specific state's "Commission on Higher Education," or "State Nursing Programs + Your State." For instance, the state of Arizona offers scholarships and loan cancellation through its Commission on Postsecondary Education, which you can find at: http://www.azhighered.org. If you lived in Arizona, you could also find more information about nursing careers at the Arizona Hospital and Healthcare Association's Campaign for Caring website, at: http://www.azcaringcareers.com. Start looking!
7. Join the Military. Alot of students don't want to hear this, but joining the military is one of the best ways to get a comprehensive nursing education, job training, and job opportunities when you graduate. You're going to be putting in the time anyway, so why not let them subsidize you? The Army is just one of the branches of the military offering this program. I would suggest investigating them all, and seeing what they can do for you.
8. Americorps. Yep, they will pay your loans back if you're a nurse or a teacher.
9. The Peace Corps is also in need of healthcare workers, and (this goes without saying)-- being in the Peace Corps is not only good for helping you get your loans paid off. It's also great experience, looks great on your resume, and will probably change your life (and might get you dates).


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Consumers and businesses gave the US economy a lift this summer, but it appears their taste for imports limited the benefit from their increased spending.
In the government's initial look at the economy's performance between July and September, the US Commerce Department reported Friday that the Gross Domestic Product eked out an annual growth rate of 2 percent, up from 1.7 percent in the second quarter.
Most of the growth came from consumer spending, companies adding to their inventories, business investment, and some left-over fiscal stimulus spending.
However, US consumers and businesses also purchased a lot of goods from overseas. Those imports lowered the Commerce Department's calculated growth rate by 2 full percentage points.
"The imports were the difference between strong growth and lackluster growth," says Joel Naroff of Naroff Economic Advisors in Holland, Pa.
Although the GDP report is a look through a rearview mirror, it also gives some views of what is happening to the US economy. Here are five things economists say can be learned from the report:
Consumers are doing their part to stimulate the economy. Over the summer consumer spending, spurred by purchases of small items, rose by a 2.6 percent annual pace, the best performance for the consumer since 2006.
"They are buying smaller things, personal goods, nondurables, using more services such as taking their clothes to the dry cleaners," says Mr. Naroff.
Businesses are buying computers, software and other high-tech goods. This boosted the economy by 0.8 percentage points. Business spending on such goods rose by 12 percent for the quarter, the fourth consecutive quarter of double digit gains.
"They are finding the dollars and they are spending them," says Naroff. "This tells me businesses are a little more confident."
Companies decided to rebuild their inventories. This added 1.44 percentage points to the economy, notes Fred Dickson, chief investment strategist at D.A. Davidson & Co. in Lake Oswego, Oregon.
"This is not surprising, business typically builds inventory in anticipation of holiday sales," says Mr. Dickson. "I think the seasonal aspect explains some of it."
Economists don't expect the inventory accumulation to continue. "During the October-December quarter, inventories could be a significant drag on economic growth," writes economist Sung Won Sohn of California State University, Channel Islands, in an analysis.
Interest Rates
The GDP report is unlikely to change anyone's mind at the Federal Reserve about whether to begin a new program of lowering longterm interest rates. On Wednesday, the Fed is expected to announce it will start to buy longterm US Treasury debt as part of the program, called quantitative easing. That effort is controversial within the Fed with some governors warning about potential inflationary consequences and others concerned about deflation or the lowering of prices if nothing is done.
"The GDP report confirms to those who believe in it that quantitative easing is needed," says Mr. Naroff. "Whether it will have an impact is a different story."
Economists at Wells Fargo & Co. anticipate the Fed will buy about $500 billion in securities over the next six months. "While some calculations consider up to $2 trillion of purchases, there is likely not enough consensus at the Fed for a shock-and-awe approach," writes the bank in an analysis on Friday.
Political impact
The GDP report may also have some political ramifications. The GDP is the last significant economic report before the mid-term elections and quickly generated comment from both sides. At the White House, Austan Goolsbee, chair of the Council of Economic Advisers, highlighted that the report is the fifth straight quarter of positive economic growth. But, he added, "Given the depth and severity of the recession, considerable work remains before our economy is fully recovered."
However, House Republican leader John Boehner blamed the slow economy on President Obama's policies and reiterated his call to extend the Bush tax hikes for all Americans, not just the middle class.
"Either side can use the results," says Scott Brown, chief economist at Raymond James & Associates in St. Petersburg, Fla. "The GDP is more of a good news, bad news story – the good news is the economy grew, the bad news is that it was not strong enough."


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Note. This question had a bounty, so at the end I accepted the best (and only) answer. However, a solution is implied by the answer to this question.
Question. Fix n. We are interested in the biggest t for which there exist two families of functions, $P_i,Q_i$, of size t from [n] to [n] such that for any $i,j$ whenever we consider the infinite sequence $P_i(Q_j(P_i(Q_j\ldots P_i(3))\ldots)$ (where the number of iterations tends to infinity), it contains no 2's and infinitely many 1's if $i=j$ and it contains no 1's and infinitely many 2's if $i\ne j$.
A lower bound. I know a construction that shows that $t\ge 2^{\frac n2-O(1)}.$ For every subset $S$ of [n] that contains exactly one of $2k$ and $2k+1$ for $2\le k\le \frac n2-2$ we construct a pair of functions, $P_S,Q_S$ as follows. For any number m denote by $m^+$ the smallest element of $S$ that is bigger than m or if all elements of $S$ are at most m then define it to be 1. $P_S(1)=1, P_S(2)=2$ and for bigger $m$'s $P_S(m)=m^+$, while $Q_S(1)=1, Q_S(2)=2$ and for bigger $m$'s $Q_S(m)=m$ if $m\in S$ and $Q_S(m)=2$ if $m\notin S$. This way we go through all the elements of S and end in 1 if the functions have the same index, but we are pushed to 2 if they differ.
Upper bound. It is of course true that $t\le n^n$. So can you do better than $2^n$?


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Because nothing amuses us like jockeys, here's a neat — if not necessarily new — promotion they're trying at Calder Race Course this weekend: A jockey race! Because nothing's more compelling that five-foot-tall guys sprinting.
Anyway, it's all a part of "Extreme Day" at the racetrack, which involves races going backwards and even something with a skateboard. We would like to see a jockey on a skateboard.
Calder Preparing For Inaugural "Extreme Day" [Thoroughbred Times]


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