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Lee returns to core classes
Lee returns Friday to teach his popular Core Strength classes on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 8-8:55 a.m. on the Pinckney Hall dance floor. Core strength classes target three elements of fitness: Aerobics (warm up), flexibility (yoga and pilate's) and strength (bodyweight and abdominal exercise routines). Participants must prepay with fitness class passes to attend. Please visit either fitness center front desk for details.
'Moneyball' featured in Munchies & a Movie
"Moneyball," which has been nominated for six Academy Awards (including best picture), will be shown at Munchies & A Movie at 7:15 p.m. on Monday in Pinckney Hall. Doors open at 6 p.m. Ballpark favorites (hot dogs, nachos) are the munchies you can purchase. The movie stars Brad Pitt, nominated for best actor, Jonah Hill, nominated for best supporting actor, and Robin Wright. "Moneyball" is rated PG-13 for some strong language. Tickets are $2 in advance and can be purchased at the Lifestyle Services desk. Walk-ins are $3 at the door, and can purchase food beginning at 6:45 p.m. Water, soda, beer, two bags of popcorn cost $1. Wine costs $2.
Sun City learns to make healthy dishes
Healthy cooking demonstrations are receiving rave reviews. Chef Brooks Rinehart will show you how to prepare healthy, delicious meals. Sample taste offerings and recipes are included during all demonstrations. Each demonstration has sold out, so be sure to get your ticket today! The topics include: Healthy appetizers, heart healthy, fish and desserts. The hour-long demonstrations will take place at 6:30 p.m. each Thursday night through Feb. 23 at Hidden Cypress Savannah River Room. Class size is limited. Purchase your tickets early at either fitness center. Cost is $15 per person.

subset: commoncrawl


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ALBRECHT Intercoms
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Cruise Holidays London
Cruise Holidays London uses its massive buying power to find special offers, often at the same or lower price than other internet sites! Plus, when you book through Cruise Holidays London, you may receive special "extras" or savings. Not to mention the convenience and peace-of-mind of booking with a professional who has your interests in mind, from start to finish.
Cruise like a VIP. Exclusive, free amenities and experiences other travelers only dream about.
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The original for this picture is an egg / oil tempera on paper. It shows the boathouses as you will find them along the norwegian coast. It is painted in 2005.
A wood block print. Printed by Ketil Kvam in 2015.
A linoprint made in 2009by Ketil Kvam.
Showing St. Marys church...
A linoprint made in 2017 by Ketil Kvam.
Showing Bredsgården on...
A linoprint made in 2016 by Ketil Kvam.
A linoprint made in 2013 by Ketil Kvam.
An egg/ oil tempera painting on gesso primed oak wood.
Westward is a mix of watercolor and batik.It shows vikings on their...
A water color of a old wooden church in the winter forest.
An egg / oil tempera painting on primed paper. Fishermen trouws their...
Monday: 10:00 - 17:00
Tuesday: 10:00 - 17:00
Wednesday: 10:00 - 17:00
Thursday: 10:00 - 17:00
Friday: 10:00 - 17:00
Saturday: 10:00 - 17:00
Sunday: Closed
Christmas opening hours:
23. December: 11:00 - 16:00
24. December - 1. january: Closed
Normal opening hours from 2. January
© Copyright 2018 Kvams Flisespikkeri All rights reserved.


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Monthly meetings for the 18th Legislative District Democrats .
Use the form on the right to send a quick message to the Clark County Democrats.
If you have a more specific question or urgent need please click on the link below.
16021 NE Coxley Drive, Room 101
Vancouver, WA 98662
United States
The Clark County Democrats believe our county is more than just voters and politics. Clark County is a diverse community of people who believe in supporting our schools, growing our small businesses, and working together to create opportunities for all of our citizens. Whether you're from Camas, Washougal, Vancouver, Battle Ground, Ridgefield, La Center, Yacolt, Amboy or beyond we invite you to see why we believe in you.
Monthly meetings for the 18th Legislative District Democrats .


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Weekend Herb Blogging #12 (A Recap with Photos!)
This week I wrote about the Ponderosa Lemon that was a gift from Ben, one of my students. I promised to report back on the juice, which prompted this photo showing the amount of juice I got from the gigantic lemon. (The juice was frozen before I thought of taking the photo which is why the jar looks a little frosty. I put it next to a can of my favorite addiction only to show the perspective and not because Coke is giving me a kickback.) I tasted the juice and to me it tasted just like regular lemon juice, which did surprise me. Now I want a Ponderosa Lemon tree in my house more than ever. I heard from a reader who told me that in Corpus Cristi, Texas, the local weathercaster brings the lemons on his show once in a while. Guess that's kind of the grown-up version of Ben bringing it for "show and tell" isn't it?


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Brad Dennison, vice president of News & Interactive for GateHouse Media was selected for the leadership ladder of Associated Press Managing Editors at the group's annual conference in St. Petersburg, Fla.
Brad Dennison, vice president of News & Interactive for GateHouse Media was selected for the leadership ladder of Associated Press Managing Editors at the group's annual conference in St. Petersburg, Fla.
The APME board's action placed Dennison in line to be president of the organization in 2013.
"I'm honored to have the opportunity to play a key leadership role for this great organization over the next few years," Dennison said. "APME has done an excellent job of being at the forefront of everything from First Amendment issues to providing training and development to our newsrooms, and we will continue to find ways to build innovative programs onto a very strong foundation."
Dennison has been with GateHouse Media Inc., since October 2006. He oversees all aspects of GateHouse's news and online operations. From May 2004 to October 2006, he served as vice president of news for Birmingham, Ala.-based Community Newspaper Holdings Inc. Previously, he held editing positions at the Chicago Sun-Times, the Daily Southtown on Chicago's South Side, and various community newspapers in the Midwest and South.
Hollis R. Towns, executive editor of the Asbury Park Press in Neptune, N.J., was elected Thursday president for next year.
In addition, State Journal Register executive editor Jon Broadbooks was re-elected to the APME board along with Todd Foster, executive editor of the Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times Free Press; Alan D. Miller, managing editor of the Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch; and Jack Lail, multimedia editor of the Knoxville (Tenn.) News Sentinel.
Elected to terms on the board were Carol L. Hanner, managing editor of the Winston-Salem (N.C.) Journal; Teri Hayt, managing editor of the Arizona Daily Star in Tucson; J.B. Bittner, editor of the Stillwater (Okla.) News Press; and Chris Cobler, editor of the Victoria (Texas) Advocate.
APME, an association of editors at AP's 1,500 member newspapers in the U.S. and newspapers served by The Canadian Press in Canada, works closely with the news company to strive for journalism excellence. APME also supports training and development of editors in a changing media landscape, as well as initiatives in online credibility and diversity.


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Possible Duplicate:
How can I get my graphics card to be recognized in System Info?
I've installed nvidia current (it works mostly) but the details section of the system settings shows that my driver is standard and the version is unknown. I'm getting a lot of errors and compiz has crashed at least twice.
Any help? What other information should I provide?


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Keeping a steady pace while running isn't easy, but it can be. Just use any of these running shoes and your stride will always be strong.
Most of us are more likely to stick to a morning workout routine — that is, if we can make the switch from evenings. Here's how.
You can support charity with minimal effort — and while having a lot of fun. Discover over 20 great, unexpected ways to get involved.
Spending less on groceries is like running a faster mile — to improve, you must challenge yourself. Here's how to perform better in any pursuit.
It takes more than just a training plan to run a 5K — especially if you're just getting into fitness. Here's how to make sure you do it safely and happily.
Don't worry if you're not a runner — these lessons can help you achieve your goals no matter what you're trying to do.
A few years ago, I ran a marathon. And while it taught me a lot about exercise, it might have taught me even more about money.
It can be difficult to stay in shape during the winter, especially if you don't want to spend a bundle on a gym. Learn how to keep exercising when the temperature drops.
I don't run with music, but I can understand the attraction. Logging lots of miles can be boring and pushing yourself can be difficult without distraction.
Don't worry, this is not an exposé on bad equipment or faulty products; I'm no expert on exercise machines and products. But I do know a little about human nature and after many ch
How are your resolutions to get fit, exercise more, and lose weight going? If you need a nudge or some encouragement, check out my doable-with-a-busy-schedule approach to getting r
If you know that you aren't going to be able to work out more than three times a week, if you have a fitness center in your apartment complex or if you're self-motivated an
Sometimes trading one addiction for another can save both your money and your health.
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Search Constraints
1 entry found
Search Results
Plate No. 9: Medicinal Plants
- Part of The Book of Health
- 1898
Depicts peony, St. John's wort, aconite or monkshood, and lily of the valley.
- Author Lyman, Henry M. (Henry Munson), 1835-1904
- Publisher W.P. Mason
- Subject Peonies, Lilies-of-the-valley, Hypericum, Medicine, Monkshoods, Medicinal plants, and Medicine, Popular


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100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present
ABC-CLIO, 1. jan. 1999 - 462 sider
What if the Saxons had triumphed over the Normans at the Battle of Hastings? If Washington had lost the Battle of Trenton? If Lee had won at Gettysburg? If the Germans had held the Allies at bay in Normandy? The world would certainly be a very different place today.
Inni boken
82 sider med treff pĺ enemy i denne boken
Hvor er resten av denne boken?
Resultat 1-3 av 82
Hva folk mener - Skriv en omtale
LibraryThing ReviewBrukerevaluering - shawnd - LibraryThing
This is a set of 3-4 page profiles of one hundred battles listed chronologically. Starting circa 1500 BC with the battle Megiddo and ending at Desert Storm, the book covers a wide range of conflicts ... Les hele vurderingen
Megiddo 1479 B C
Syracuse 415413 B C
Gaugamela Arbela 331 B C
32 andre deler vises ikke
Andre utgaver - Vis alle
Vanlige uttrykk og setninger
allies American army arrived artillery assault Athenian Athens attack Austrian Babur battle began Belisarius Britain British Byzantine Byzantine Empire Caesar camp campaign captured Carthage cavalry century Charles Commander Communist Crusade defeat defense dominated dynasty east eastern Egypt emperor enemy English established Europe European fighting fire fleet Forces Engaged fought France French Gaul Gelimer German Greece Greek Historical Setting Holy Roman Empire India infantry invasion Islam Italy Japan Japanese killed king land launched leader Macedon Magyars major Mamluk marched miles Military History Mongols Moslem Napoleon naval navy northern offensive ordered Ostrogoths Ottoman Persian Persian Empire Philip political population position Press retreat right flank River Roman Empire Rome Russian sailed Seljuks sent ships siege soldiers Soviet Spain Spanish Spartan surrender throne tion took town troops Turks United Vercingetorix victory Viet Minh Visigoths western Western World World York


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This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Read our privacy policy>
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Products, Solutions and Services for Enterprise
About Huawei, Press & Events , and More
Smartphones, PC & Tablets, Wearables and More
Products, Solutions and Services for Carrier
Resource Center
About Huawei Enterprise
An error occurred when loading the video. You can change lines.
For any questions, contact us.
Title Page
About This Document
Commissioning Flow
Logging In to the NE
Checking the Hardware
Commissioning the Link Layer
Commissioning Services and Protocols
Connecting a Device to the NMS
Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


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The best practice tools combined with smart Xero HQ apps
Whether you're just starting your cloud journey or well advanced, Xero HQ's tools can help you do your work efficiently. In Xero HQ, the latest Xero innovations work alongside third-party apps so you achieve your goals even faster. Choose the right apps for you.
Manage all your clients in one place
Bring all your client contacts together on one single client list. Choose how to group and organise the details; record, tag and filter notes; and create useful lists and views. If you've already got clients in Xero Practice Manager, you can sync them with Xero HQ.
Know exactly what needs to be done
Use the activity feed to keep an eye on all of your client and practice activities. See when there are transactions to reconcile, workpapers to attend to, and more. Then click straight through to make it happen.
Find the insights you need
Use the explorer tab to get new and different views of your client base. Learn which apps your clients use, which industries they're in and which banks they work with, including Yodlee bank connections and PayPal, and use that information to drive your services.
Create powerful and intelligent reports in minutes
Provide your clients with detailed, up-to-the-minute information using Xero's powerful reporting tools and flexible report templates. All the information you need is connected via the single ledger.
Drive meaningful client engagements
Simplify the information gathering process with Ask and complete compliance work faster. Easily compile queries, customise questions and send requests directly to your clients – even those not on Xero.
Showcase your practice and grow
Take control of how your practice is presented in the Xero advisor directory. You can easily manage and optimise your listing through Xero HQ and track your progress as a Xero partner.
Easy staff management
Manage staff access to your Xero HQ client list, and your clients in Xero - all in one place. Quickly onboard new staff and clients to your practice with easily-assigned permissions and maintain education with full visibility over their certification status.
Connect with Xero HQ apps
All of the third-party apps in Xero HQ integrate to provide a seamless experience for you and your clients.See Xero HQ apps
Xero partner?
Xero HQ is free; just log in to get started.
Not yet a partner?
Join the partner program and get Xero HQ for free.


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Profile: Johanna Gilligan
Founder, Grow Dat Youth Farm
The Grow Dat Youth Farm, founded by Johanna Gilligan, is a food education program that creates job opportunities for local high school students in the field of urban agriculture. Grow Dat is inspired by similar programs, such as The Food Project in Massachusetts, as well as New Orleans' own Edible Schoolyard.
Founded in 2011, the Grow Dat Youth Farm is the result of a partnership between the Tulane City Center, the New Orleans Food and Farm Network and New Orleans City Park. In its early stages, Grow Dat was incubated within Tulane University, primarily within the Tulane City Center and the Office for Social Entrepreneurship.
Grow Dat's farm is located on a 4-acre site in the heart of City Park. The produce grown on the farm nourishes New Orleans residents who have limited access to fresh food. Sixty percent of the food is sold in markets, restaurants and corner stores, while the remaining 40 percent is donated to hunger relief agencies.
Given the many benefits to student workers, the Grow Dat program continues to gain popularity. Now in its third year, Grow Dat will graduate 23 students in 2013, more than double its 2011 class size. The student workers earn a stipend for their contributions, and they learn a variety of marketable skills related to growing, cooking and selling organic vegetables and fruit. They are involved at every stage of the food preparation process, from planting seeds to selling produce at the Crescent City Farmers Markets. Furthermore, the students help find creative ways to deliver produce – such as a pop-up farmers market in a trailer that serves the Columbia Parc community.
According to Gilligan, the most rewarding aspect of her job is the chance to work with young adults. She feels that teens are an untapped resource, and Grow Dat helps them become their best selves. Furthermore, the program encourages students from all over the New Orleans metropolitan area to work together, forging friendships among students from many different public and private high schools. Lastly, both Gilligan and the students love the opportunity to work with their hands and spend a great deal of time outdoors.
Individual volunteers are always welcome. Grow Dat's Harvest Volunteer Days take place every Tuesday and Friday through May 17. Additional volunteer duties are also available; contact Volunteer Specialist Jabari Brown (email@example.com) for more information.


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At RentQuest, WE PRIDE OURSELVES ON UNIQUE, innovative products, inventive designs and exclusive customer service—making RentQuest the go-to choice for your rental needs.
We are here to make the planning process seamless and smooth. We have years of experience and have set our standards high. WE UNDERSTAND HOW IMPORTANT YOUR EVENT I
RentQuest | 594 Broadway Suite 1103, New York, NY 10012, USA


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The University Secretariat is Sydney University's gateway to Senate, Academic Board and the meetings of the University Executive. Learn more about the University's governing bodies by clicking the tabs above or below.
The governing authority of the University of Sydney.
Academic Board
Provides academic advice to Senate and the Vice-Chancellor.
University Executive
Responsible for University-wide planning, decision-making and oversight.


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The RANGER® 570 delivers best-in-class 2-person utility side-by-side performance at an unbeatable value. This workhorse is equipped with the features you need to get the job done, and the comfort you want for a day on the trails or around the property.
The RANGER 570 ProStar® engine is purpose built, tuned and designed alongside the vehicle – resulting in an optimal balance of smooth, reliable power. The ProStar® 570 engine was developed with the ultimate combination of high power density, excellent fuel efficiency and ease of maintenance.
Featuring a powerful ProStar® engine that leaves the utility side-by-side competition in the dust. The RANGER 570 delivers more torque and rear wheel pulling power to get the job done.
With the Polaris true AWD advantage, all four wheels engage automatically when your vehicle needs more forward traction and reverts back to 2WD when it doesn't. When in 2WD, the VersaTrac Turf Mode switch unlocks the rear differential for easier, tighter turns that won't tear up your lawn.
The engine management system (EMS) delivers optimal torque and horsepower, plus smooth throttle at all speeds and reverse. The EMS, paired with the ProStar® engine and clutching advantage, also allows for optimal fuel economy.
Now with 20% more towing capacity – 1,500 lbs. – and standard 2" receiver, the RANGER 570 allows you to tackle the toughest jobs with confidence. Additionally, a 1,000 lbs. payload capacity is highlighted by a rear box with gas-assist dumping operation that can tote up to 500 lbs. of materials.
We designed the RANGER 570 with an ideal seat height combined with wide foot clearance for easy entry and exit. NEW! Plus, experience updated bench seats engineered for all-day riding comfort and standard tilt steering wheel adjustment!
To ensure a smooth ride, the RANGER 570 features a full 9" (22.9 cm) of suspension travel up front and 10" (25.4 cm) of Independent Rear Suspension travel – an increase of 11% at all four corners.
For nimble handling and a tight turning radius, the RANGER 570 features an ideal 73" (185 cm) wheelbase paired with a full 10 inches (25.4 cm) of ground clearance. Additionally, a 58-inch width allows the RANGER 570 to fit in the bed of most full-size pickups.
Versatile Carlisle 489 tyres offer good traction and easy steering. With a rounded corner tread pattern, the tires provided extra grip while turning.
Now with a 25% larger glovebox to keep even more items at the ready - optional SpeedKey accessory readily accessible in glovebox. Plus, more convenient driver and passenger cup holder locations.
Welcome to the new standard in accessory integration, quality and fit and finish with the industry-exclusive Pro-Fit cab system. The highly modular cab system offers cab options from robust canvas doors featuring a poly windshield to premium automotive glass tip-out windshields and multiple door options. Even better, the purpose built chassis features dedicated component attachment points to allow for extremely efficient cab installation or removal.
With the RANGER 570, enjoy a full 46 L of enclosed, in-dash and behind seat storage that keeps items at the ready when they're needed.
The RANGER 570 headlight shape allows for an enhanced 50W beam spread, so you can navigate dawn, dusk or machine sheds efficiently. Updated driver and passenger side nets allow for easy entry and exit of the vehicle plus great sight lines.
With a built in winch mount, buss bar under the hood for easy access and convenient dash access, wire routing to install accessories is extremely user friendly.


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A story about opening doors.
Since my sprinkle this week is about opening doors, I thought I'd share this West Jet Above and Beyond story about Josh, who discovered that the simple act of opening doors had the power to transform his life. If you're not one of the 5 million people who has already watched this video, grab someone you love and give this a play. Josh went from being bullied to be voted prom king and learned the valuable lesson that rejection is overcome in kindness. Josh now visits schools as public speaker to share he experiences with other kids.
I adore this quote:
Thank YOU so much for the wonderful response to my new SPRINKLES campaign on Instagram -- I'm filled with ideas and excitement! If you don't know what I'm referring to, you can learn more on Instagram @everydaysprinkles or on my sprinkles page.
Now, go open some doors!


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Versatile two piece set features off the shoulder top and fitted skirt
Our model is a size 8. Her measurements are Bust: 85cm, Waist: 62cm, Hips: 89cm. She is 175cm tall.
Colour :
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Arianna Navy
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We will contact you as soon as this item becomes available.
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Hi everyone,
I'd like to point out a few changes we made to the installation process for the Release Candidate that we think you'll like.
Installation of the Release Candidate will automatically remove any previous version of IE7.
If installation detects a previous version of IE7, it begins uninstall for you so you don't have to dig through 'Add/Remove Programs'. After uninstall completes and the machine restarts, installation begins automatically and reboots the machine immediately when finished. This happens after login but before the desktop appears so although the process still requires two reboots, they are part of a single setup process rather than two separate user actions and interruptions. Naturally, we'd like to eliminate at least one (and really both) of the reboots but given our current installer technology and the dependencies other OS components have on IE binaries that unfortunately won't happen for IE7.
If installation of the Release Candidate can't remove the previous version of IE7, you can upgrade anyway.
In previous releases, if a disk cleaner tool or the user removed the backup directory, it was impossible to upgrade to the latest release. The Release Candidate, however, will upgrade in-place in this situation. You will still be unable to get back to IE6 (we can't put back the old files if they've been deleted) but you'll be able to use the latest version of IE7.
Instances of installation failing because of registry key permissions will decrease even more.
Since we learned the breadth of this problem after the first public release in January, we've continually made changes in this area and have seen the problem occur less frequently in each release. There will still be some situations where installation can't fix a registry key's permissions (for example, permissions are corrupt to the point where the user can't change them manually in the registry editor), but these should be rare.
Thank you for trying IE7 and please keep reporting any issues!
John Hrvatin
Program Manager


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Ice2D™ Game Engine is Royalty free for use with any type of freeware, shareware or commercial game with focus on independent games and tools developers. Ice2D™ is designed to be used for rapid development of multimedia and games in 2D or ISO metric view with some simple 3D Cut scenes available. Features include Fast sprite engine, isometric maps and objects, tweening, particle effects, bitmap fonts, game scene manger, flexible rendering with directX9. Many Source codes examples provided in Vb.net C# for vs.2010 and vb classic / vb6 or other COM enabled languages
Only registered members can share their thoughts. So come on! Join the community today (totally free - or sign in with your social account on the right) and join in the conversation.
Source code included in Ice2D SDK.
Game is a typical horizontal space game with aliens attacking the hero ship flying in different spine patterns.


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Originally Published: 1/30/2013
Corbett promises liquor proceeds to schools
The Associated Press
[+] Enlarge.
Gov. Tom Corbett
PITTSBURGH — Gov. Tom Corbett today unveiled an ambitious proposal to get Pennsylvania out of the liquor and wine business by replacing hundreds of state-owned stores with twice as many private outlets and allowing beer and wine to be sold at a wide range of stores.
"I want Pennsylvanians to enjoy the same convenience that virtually every other American today has," said Corbett, who unveiled his proposal at a news conference halfway across the state from the Capitol, where its fate will be decided.
Corbett said the plan would generate an additional $1 billion in revenue over several years. He said the money would be used to create a proposed block grant program to help finance certain public school projects.
Most of the revenue, a projected $575 million, would come from the sale of wholesale liquor licenses.
An additional $224 million is anticipated from the auctioning of 1,200 wine and liquor licenses by the state's 67 counties, with 800 reserved for large stores and 400 for smaller ones. Those licensees would be required to set up separate stores to sell wine and liquor.
Other revenue would flow from the sale of beer and wine licenses to retailers including big-box stores, grocery stores, pharmacies and convenience stores. Beer distributors, which currently only sell beer by the case, could obtain an enhanced license that allows them to sell in smaller quantities.
The plan calls for shutting down the 620 existing state stores, a move strongly opposed by employee unions.
The transition to a fully privatized system could take as long as four years. However, the closing of the state stores would begin within six months and to be completed in the second year, according to the administration.


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jjytmk necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 23 diseños de 4 diseñadores freelance.
Joseph Kimball Consulting
After a decade in the industry, I'll be starting up my own IT consulting practice. I'm targeting small to medium businesses and the practice is just me right now.
Even though I am in IT consulting, much of my work will be greeting, meeting, and presenting solutions. For most client face time, that means a sharp suit and tie, something which I hope will distinguish my company and lend credibility.
In a way, I not so much an IT consultant as a business consultant.
Target audience is small to medium businesses who are looking to grow and need IT to support their needs. Alternatively their current IT may be costing them too much or they are looking to streamline some of their other processes.
I am looking for a coat of arms, crest or shield in that old medieval sense. The design doesn't need to be extraordinarily complicate and ornate, but it should be much more complicated than standard Web 2.0 logos on 99 designs.
The design should use classic colors but may use modern images if potrayed in a classic manner. Be creative here if you use technology images. Some suggestions include binary, fiber optics, analog to digital conversion, the Internet, or IPv4 or IPv6.
A place for a motto would be excellent.
Thank you!
Edit: For inspiration check these out:
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Because no one reads the newspaper, and SportsCenter's anchors are too perky for this early in the morning, Deadspin combs the best of the broadsheets and the blogosphere to bring you everything you need to know to start your day.
•OJ is beloved by his prison's resident transgender gang, according to the National Enquirer. On one hand, it's the paper of record for Bat Boy. On the other hand, they're probably going to win a Pulitzer this year. We'll split the difference and leave this here with no comment.
•Syracuse will once again be without Arinze Onuaku against Butler tonight. Seriously, Jim Boeheim, if you're thinking about his future, don't. He's a senior, and this is the Sweet 16. Put him in until his quad falls out. And then leave him in to foul.
•The Penguins fall to 0-3 on the year against the Caps, a likely Eastern Conference Finals opponent, on Mike Knuble's first career shootout goal. Also, I think Alex Ovechkin was suspended 5 games for looking at Sidney Crosby's head from behind.
•The Rams categorically deny that they're interested in Donovan McNabb. This means one of two things: either they're afraid of showing their hand, or Hello, Oakland!
•Tiger Woods dated a)another porn star, b)LeAnn Rimes, c)all of the above? The answer is d)you could tell me he dated Nancy Pelosi, and I'd believe you at this point.
And a pleasant Thursday to you as well. Let's get things started.


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Kelvin Lam pulled out a three-set victory at fifth singles Sunday against Old Dominion (Harvard Athletic COmmunications).
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – Despite pulling out a pair of three-set singles victories, the No. 27 Harvard men's tennis team dropped a 4-3 final to Old Dominion Sunday afternoon at the Murr Center Tennis Courts. The match against the monarchs marked the first home dual contest of the season for the Crimson.
The tightest doubles match was on the first court, where Nicky Hu and Andy Nguyen were playing their first match as Harvard's top tandem. ODU's Can Cetinel and Carlos Lopez Villa picked up a break and held on for an 8-6 win. Harvard's second team of Shaun Chaudhuri and Alex Steinroeder breezed past Albert Ochagavia and Jonas Kuwert at No. 2, 8-2, but the freshman pair of Kelvin Lam and Conor Haughey fell, 8-3, at No. 3, allowing Old Dominion to claim the doubles point.
Steinroeder highlighted singles play for the Crimson, rolling past Ochagavia at No. 2, 6-1, 6-2, to get Harvard on the board in the match. Shaun Chaudhuri played one of three, three-set matches on the day, battling Lopez Villa in a 6-3, 3-6, 7-5 defeat. Andy Nguyen came out on top in a three-setter in the third singles slot, besting Dante Terenzio, 6-3, 5-7, 6-0 with a strong showing in the deciding set. The rookie Lam dropped the first set in his match at fifth singles, but rallied in the final two frames to clinch a 3-6, 6-4, 6-1 win over Wesley Barrett, giving Harvard three points on the day. Straight set losses by Hu at No. 4 and Haughey at No. 6 gave the Monarchs the points they needed for the slim 4-3 win.
Harvard is back on the road next weekend when it travels to Evanston, Ill., for matches against Northwestern and Vanderbilt.
1. Can Cetinel/Carlos Lopez Villa (ODU) def. Nicky Hu/Andy Nguyen (HARV), 8-6
2. Shaun Chaudhuri/Alex Steinroeder (HARV) def. Albert Ochagavia/Jonas Kuwert, 8-2
3. Wesley Barrett/Tim Schweig (ODU) def. Kelvin Lam/Conor Haughey (HARV), 8-3
1. Carlos Lopez Villa (ODU) def. Shaun Chaudhuri (HARV), 6-3, 3-6, 7-5
2. Alex Steinroeder (HARV) def. Albert Ochagavia (ODU), 6-1, 6-2
3. Andy Nguyen (HARV) def. Dante Terenzio (ODU), 6-3, 5-7, 6-0
4. Jonas Kuwert (ODU) def. Nicky Hu (HARV), 6-0, 6-1
5. Kelvin Lam (HARV) def. Wesley Barrett (ODU), 3-6, 6-4, 6-1
6. Zvonimir Podvinski (ODU) def. Conor Haughey (HARV), 6-4, 6-4


text:
Likely effectiveness of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions for mitigating influenza virus transmission in Mongolia
KJ Bolton a, JM McCaw a, R Moss a, RS Morris b, S Wang b, A Burma c, B Darma c, D Narangerel d, P Nymadawa c & J McVernon a
a. Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria 3010, Australia.
b. The World Bank Office, Beijing, China.
c. National Influenza Centre, National Centre for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
d. Public Policy Implementation and Coordination Department, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Correspondence to KJ Bolton (e-mail: email@example.com).
(Submitted: 28 September 2011 – Revised version received: 12 January 2012 – Accepted: 18 January 2012.)
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2012;90:264-271. doi: 10.2471/BLT.11.093419
The efficient use of resources to mitigate the spread of an emerging infectious disease is of global interest. However, the most appropriate control strategies in any given area probably depend on the nature of the local population and environment. Implementing interventions against emerging infectious diseases is particularly important in developing countries, such as Mongolia, where the capacity to provide health care and undertake detailed surveillance is limited. Since the identification of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Mongolia in 2005,1 the Mongolian government has been particularly aware of the threat posed by influenza to public health. Mongolia's vulnerability to influenza was reinforced by the impact on the country of A(H1N1)pdm09, which was no less severe than in countries affected earlier (even though the virus was not recorded in Mongolia until 4 to 5 months after the first cases of human infection were detected in China and the Russian Federation).1
Mongolia's vast landscape of over 150 million hectares is divided into 21 provinces called aimags. Although the mean population density is only 1.5 people per square kilometre, some regions of the country are now highly urbanized and more than 30% of the country's inhabitants reside in the capital city, Ulaanbaatar. Recognition of the threat of highly pathogenic avian influenza has been influential in overcoming the challenges of developing nationwide surveillance capabilities. Over 100 influenza sentinel surveillance sites have been designated across the country. At the Category-I surveillance sites, cases of influenza-like-illness (ILI) are reported daily and samples for virological analysis are collected routinely from each such case. At the other (Category-II and Category-III) sentinel surveillance sites, ILI cases are reported weekly and samples for virological analysis are only collected occasionally. This approach to influenza surveillance allowed a large amount of epidemiological and virological information to be collected during the 2009–2010 influenza season.
In week 40 of 2009 (i.e. at a time of year when seasonal influenza epidemics had previously occurred in Mongolia)2 sentinel surveillance sites first reported elevated levels of ILI activity: between 20 and 50 cases per 10 000. The sites reporting such activity were all Category I and in the border aimags of Dornod, Dornogovi and Khovd. A(H1N1)pdm09 was virologically confirmed among the cases from these sites. By week 42 the incidence of reported ILI exceeded 50 cases per 10 000 in Ulaanbaatar and 20 cases per 10 000 in all the eastern aimags and, nationally, most subtyped viruses were identified as A(H1N1)pdm09. The establishment of A(H1N1)pdm09 transmission in the dense population of Ulaanbaatar probably led to the rapid spread of cases in the capital and the rapid dissemination of the virus to the rest of Mongolia. The epidemic reached a distinct peak in weeks 44–45, when the reports of ILI were dominated by the cases in Ulaanbaatar, although, by then, every aimag except Bayan-Ölgii in the far west was reporting more than 50 ILI cases per 10 000 (Appendix A, available at: http://mathmodelling.sph.unimelb.edu.au/publications/Bolton-BullWorldHealthOrgan-2011-AppendixA.pdf). The period of prolonged, lower-level activity that followed the epidemic peak probably reflected the dissipation of the virus into remote areas, perhaps facilitated by the virus being brought into Mongolia again via border crossings. The A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic activity had not long subsided when influenza B cases were reported, in week 6 of 2010. New cases of infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 subsequently became rare as the population experienced a severe epidemic of influenza B.3
Sentinel surveillance reports, based on medically reported cases of ILI in 2009, reveal that the total ILI attack rate (i.e. the percentage of the population that became infected over the course of the pandemic) was about 10%. The results of the serological survey that enabled the A(H1N1)pdm09-specific attack rate to be determined have yet to be reported (A Burma, personal communication, 2011). ILI reporting rates were highest among children aged less than 5 years and young adults,2 reflecting the global experience.4 There were also high rates of ILI among teenagers, probably, at least in part, because people aged 10–20 years comprise 30% of the population.5Hospitalization rates in the hospital-based sentinel surveillance sites increased three- to fourfold during the pandemic, largely because of an increase in the number of hospitalized pneumonia cases.6 There was also a stark increase in the pneumonia mortality rate among adults aged 20–59 years.6 Disease severity during the Mongolian influenza pandemic appears to have exceeded that of similar epidemics in many developed countries, possibly because chronic conditions such as renal and cardiovascular disease, which have been identified as potential risk factors for severe respiratory disease, are relatively common in Mongolia.7
The interventions implemented against influenza virus transmission during the 2009 pandemic were triggered by the detection of elevated ILI activity in Ulaanbaatar in week 42. The first intervention was the closure of primary schools. High schools and kindergartens were also soon closed for a period of several weeks. In week 45, further social distancing measures were imposed in Ulaanbaatar. Restrictions included limiting the opening hours of shops, cafes and restaurants, banning public gatherings and closing markets. Provincial rail and road travel was interrupted for a period of several weeks. In addition to these mandatory social distancing measures, all citizens were advised to minimize activity outside of their homes and to wear facial masks, and symptomatic individuals were encouraged to stay in self-imposed quarantine at home.2 Institutions and businesses were recommended to supply staff with vitamin supplements to "build health".8 Although no formal evaluation of public compliance is available, anecdotal evidence indicates that the intervention measures were generally well accepted. Initiatives such as the broadcasting of school lessons on national television probably facilitated compliance. While the resources and infrastructure deemed necessary for effective epidemic containment by non-pharmaceutical means are probably found in very few settings,4 less stringent measures may still usefully reduce the burden on acute health-care services. International borders remained open during the 2009 pandemic in Mongolia. Although border screening was in place in Ulaanbaatar, the first case of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection was detected through the national surveillance network.2
The Mongolian government's stockpile of around 80 000 doses of the antiviral drug oseltamivir was exhausted during the 2009 pandemic. Although oseltamivir was taken as prophylaxis by some health-care workers, the drug was predominantly used to treat severe hospitalized cases.7 The Mongolian government purchased vaccine against A(H1N1)pdm09, which was supplemented by donations from the World Health Organization (WHO). However, vaccine roll-out only commenced in January 2010 after the epidemic peaked.4
Here we use the epidemiological data collected during the 2009 influenza pandemic in Mongolia to calibrate a computational model of influenza virus dissemination in a Mongolian pandemic, with tailoring to the country's infrastructural and sociobehavioural characteristics. We explore the likely impact of various nationwide social distancing and pharmaceutical interventions on mitigating the spread of a pathogen, with particular emphasis on a novel influenza strain with established transmission in the human population. Earlier country-specific evaluations of the likely impact of interventions on influenza have focused on the containment of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in south-eastern Asia9,10 and the United States of America.11 There have been few recent, country-specific evaluations of strategies for the mitigation of influenza, particularly in resource-poor settings. Our results provide novel insights into the probable benefits of anti-influenza interventions in Mongolia, some of which are potentially relevant in pandemic planning in other low-income regions.
Modelling transmission during interventions
Influenza transmission was explored using a stochastic, computational model of susceptibility, exposure, infection and recovery.12,13 Large-scale spatial transmission was captured by geographically dividing the population into 14 patches chosen to isolate border crossings, sentinel surveillance sites, urbanized regions and other regions of national interest. The 14 patches, which were allowed to interact via a travel matrix, 14 were individual aimags (Bayan-Ölgii, Bulgan, Darkhan-Uul, Dornod, Khovd, Orkhon, Övörkhangai, Selenge, Uvs), combinations of two (Dornogovi + Ömnögovi, Govi-Altai + Zavkhan), three (Arkhangai + Bayankhongor + Khövsgöl) or five aimags (Dundgovi + Govisümber + Khentii + Sükhbaatar + Töv), and the municipality of Ulaanbaatar (Appendix A). Inter-patch mixing was generally only significant between neighbouring patches and between each of the other patches and Ulaanbaatar. The importation of A(H1N1)pdm09-infected cases into border patches was modelled using the time-courses of the 2009 pandemic in neighbouring countries and the relative frequency of border crossings. The basic reproduction rate (R0) used as the baseline in the model was based on epidemiological observations in other countries,15–19 but a wide range of values, including more severe scenarios with R0 varying around 2, was explored. The data were modelled and graphically displayed using Matlab (MathWorks Inc., Natick, USA).
The model was configured to allow evaluation of the likely effects of travel restrictions, school closure, generalized social distancing, quarantining of close contacts of presenting cases and distribution of an antiviral drug to the ill and their close contacts.
Assessment of intervention strategies
Pandemic scenarios beginning at week 35 were simulated. The impact of travel restrictions, school closure and generalized social distancing was assessed, with each intervention beginning at various time points ranging from week 35 to week 49 and varying in duration from 2 to 12 weeks. The effects of the ongoing quarantining of the contacts of presenting cases during the epidemic and of the continuous distribution of an antiviral drug to contacts until the national stockpile of the drug was exhausted were also investigated, with the presumption that each of these interventions would be implemented from the first case. It was conservatively assumed that the cases themselves could not be quarantined early enough to reduce their overall infectiousness.
Latin-hypercube sampling (LHS)20 was used for a sensitivity analysis of the various parameters describing the effects of intervention timing and efficiency on intervention impact. The LHS technique allowed the average impact of an intervention to be estimated despite uncertainties in the characteristics of the pathogens involved and the nature and intensity of the population mixing. Sampling was conducted over many different parameters related to travel and importation rates, the virus-dependent factors of transmission and the details of each intervention (sampling ranges in Appendix A). The LHS approach allowed us to detect possible associations between model parameters (including those characterizing an intervention measure) and various statistics capturing the severity of the pandemic, as well as to estimate the uncertainty around these associations. By using LHS we hoped to identify the intervention strategies that would be optimal across a range of potential pandemic scenarios in Mongolia.
Epidemic curves for the baseline model are shown for Mongolia as a whole (Fig. 1), along with the corresponding observed data for the 2009–2010 pandemic. Our model was also able to capture the diversity in observed epidemic curves between patches (Appendix A). Patches encompassing urbanized regions (such as Ulaanbaatar) tended to exhibit early, rapidly-peaking outbreaks, whereas patches containing rural regions (e.g. Selenge) exhibited more prolonged epidemics. Patches encompassing western aimags (such as Uvs) tended to experience relatively late-peaking epidemics. Several of the patches containing border regions (such as Bulgan and Ömnögovi) displayed double-peaked epidemics.
Fig. 1. Statistics used to characterize epidemic timing and severity and to assess intervention impact (upper panel), and observed and modelled incidences of influenza-like illness (ILI; lower panel), Mongolia, 2009–2010
Three key measures of intervention success were evaluated in the model: the total (presenting) ILI attack rate, the peak ILI reporting rate and the time of peak ILI reporting (Fig. 1). The mean attack rates seen in the model when a single non-pharmaceutical or pharmaceutical intervention was included are shown in Fig. 2. When no intervention was included in the moderate-epidemic model, the mean attack rate was 9.7% and the mean peak ILI rate, which was seen at week 44.5, was about 240 cases per 10 000. In the severe epidemic scenario, the mean attack rate was about 23%, and the mean peak ILI rate, of 800 cases per 10 000, occurred, on average, during week 42.
Fig. 2. Modelled mean attack rates (AR) for influenza-like illness (ILI) when any one of five interventions is introduced in a moderate pandemic, Mongolia, 2009
Non-pharmaceutical interventions
In the model, the apparent efficacy of social distancing interventions rapidly fell once the frequency of reported ILI cases exceeded approximately 20 cases per 10 000. At lower ILI reporting rates, representing the early phases of the modelled pandemic, school closures, generalized social distancing or sustained travel restrictions had a substantial mitigating effect. In the actual epidemic of 2009, an ILI reporting rate of 20 cases per 10 000 was recorded during week 40 in the border aimags of Khovd, Dornod and Dornogovi. In the model, school closures or generalized social distancing implemented before the ILI reporting rate reached 20 cases per 10 000, resulted in better mitigation than the very early implementation of travel restrictions of limited duration (which left large numbers of susceptible and infected hosts when the restrictions were relaxed). Although more prolonged interventions appeared relatively more effective in the model, the long-term implementation of any intervention in the field may be hampered by falling compliance and/or logistical challenges. Below we focus on the impact of 4-week interventions in the moderate-epidemic scenario, since the interventions used against the 2009 pandemic in Mongolia appear to have been successfully implemented for about 4 weeks.
In the model, a 50% reduction in mean travel frequency, if applied early in the epidemic (i.e. from week 40, as the ILI reporting rates reached 20 cases per 10 000), delayed the pandemic peak by approximately 1.5 weeks if maintained for 4 weeks and by about 1 week if maintained for 2 weeks. Travel restrictions increased the time-scale over which the modelled pandemic occurred by slowing the spatial spread. They also resulted in a reduction in the peak ILI rate, by about 12%, if enforced for 4 weeks. They only reduced the modelled attack rates by less than 0.1%, however, even when travel frequency was reduced by 95% (Fig. 2).
Substantial reductions in the mean attack rate could be seen, nonetheless, when prolonged school closure or generalized social distancing was added to the model. For school closure to be effective, the attack rate in children had to be over double that in adults. If, for example, schools were closed for 4 weeks from week 40, when the attack rate in children was threefold higher than in adults,21 the model indicates that the overall attack rate would decrease from 9.7% to approximately 8.6% (Fig. 2) and, perhaps more importantly, that the epidemic peak would be delayed by over a week. School closure implemented before week 40 could delay the time to the pandemic peak by as long as 2 weeks. In general, school closure had only a modest impact on the modelled mean peak ILI rate.
On average, the inclusion in the model of social distancing measures that reduced transmission probability by 50% from week 40 reduced the attack rate from 9.7% to 8.6% (Fig. 2), delayed the time to the peak ILI reporting rate by almost 2 weeks and reduced the peak case-load by about 8%.
The model indicated that the impact of the continuous quarantining of a proportion of the individuals identified as contacts of those who present with an ILI could be very substantial. In a scenario in which 50% of known contacts were traced and quarantined, for example, the peak case-load decreased by 25%, the attack rate was reduced by more than 1.5% (Fig. 2) and the time of peak incidence was delayed by around 1 week.
Targeted antiviral interventions
Using the model, we considered the treatment, from the first detected case, of a percentage of infected hosts and the timely prophylaxis of a proportion of their contacts, assuming a finite national stockpile of the antiviral drug used (10 000–500 000 doses). In a scenario in which half of the known contacts were traced and given the antiviral drug, such a targeted intervention reduced the mean attack rate by about 2%, delayed the peak case-load by a mean of 2–3 weeks and reduced the peak case-load by approximately 30% (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3). Although the attack rate decreased by a mean of about 1% when the modelled stockpile was increased from 50 000 doses to 500 000, the corresponding range in the expected attack rates was much greater than this mean reduction, which suggests that the specific nature of the epidemic has a larger impact on the outcome of antiviral usage than the stockpile size (Appendix A). Antiviral drug use, as an isolated measure, appeared relatively more effective in the severe pandemic scenario, where the presenting proportion is generally higher than in the moderate pandemic scenario. In both of these scenarios, however, a suite of non-pharmaceutical interventions had a slightly greater average impact on the attack rate and peak ILI incidence than antiviral drug use as a single intervention (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3. Distributions of three different statistics capturing epidemic severity in models of influenza epidemics in Mongolia
Our model was able to capture the gross characteristics of the actual 2009 influenza pandemic in Mongolia, including the variations between aimags. Although elevated ILI activity was first registered in several border aimags (including Dornogovi) at about the same time in 2009, A(H1N1)pdm09 was probably spread into Dornogovi from northern China and Ulaanbaatar (the site of Mongolia's sole international airport) via high rates of simultaneous importation of the virus. The particularly severe winter of 2009–2010 is suspected to have affected the pandemic in Mongolia. Our neglect of seasonal and other secondary effects, such as age-dependency in immune response and population mixing, and perhaps our failure to consider all the interventions used, limited our ability to fit the modelled data to the detailed shape of the actual epidemic curve seen in the 2009 pandemic (Fig. 1).
In models involving a range of possible nationwide mitigation strategies in moderate- and severe-pandemic scenarios, mean reductions in the attack rate of up to 2%, reductions in the peak ILI reporting rate of up to 25%, and delays to epidemic peak of over a week were observed. The modelled impact of each mitigation measure that was considered varied significantly with the nature, timing and efficacy of the intervention. Although our results indicate that Mongolia's capacity to curtail a nationwide epidemic similar to the one in 2009 is limited, even modest reductions in epidemic severity may substantially ease the burden on health-care systems in resource-poor settings such as Mongolia.
The benefits of travel restrictions in curtailing a nationwide epidemic may be limited once the pathogen involved has reached a congested city from which, and to which, there is widespread travel. In Mongolia, for example, travel restrictions would probably have little impact if implemented only after an epidemic had been established in Ulaanbaatar, the country's pre-eminent cultural and economic centre. The distinct temporal offsets seen between the epidemics in different states or territories during Australia's A(H1N1) 2009 epidemic are thought largely to reflect the role of several large or capital cities in disseminating the virus to the surrounding sparsely populated regions in this country.22
Although reduced community mixing through school closures and restricted social interaction on a wider scale appears potentially useful, it is difficult to establish the required nature of effective, generalized, social distancing measures. If we assume that the attack rate in children is over twice that in adults, as expected in a pandemic scenario since children mix intensely and lack protection, school closure may delay the time to peak case-load by several weeks, as well as modestly reduce the attack rate. As sociological studies indicate that up to half of a person's daily contacts can typically be named by that person,23 it may also often be possible to trace and quarantine sufficient case contacts to substantially reduce epidemic severity. The tracing of contacts of the very early cases, which usually occur before the threat of a pandemic has been realized, is, however, often difficult. One limitation of this study is that no allowance was made for virus transmission at the household level, which may be boosted when social distancing measures and quarantining are implemented. The apparent benefits of such measures may therefore have been somewhat overestimated.
The widespread prophylactic use of antiviral drugs has more mitigation potential than case treatment alone.12,24 Diagnostic and delivery capabilities are, however, crucial in determining the effectiveness of an antiviral campaign. The effectiveness of prophylaxis early in an epidemic is limited by the capacity to distinguish seasonal and epidemic/pandemic ILI cases, which typically requires expensive high-specificity diagnostic testing based on polymerase chain reactions. Even without considering this limitation, the present modelling indicates that the timely implementation of a combination of non-pharmaceutical interventions would be at least as effective as the distribution of an antiviral drug. Given that even developed countries struggled to use antiviral drugs to achieve a significant mitigating impact on pandemic influenza in 2009,25 the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions – instead of, or in combination with, antiviral distribution – is to be encouraged, especially in resource-poor settings.
Timeliness is key to the success of any within-country intervention strategy. Effective intervention measures need to be triggered by early case detection provided by nationwide surveillance systems with regular case reporting. Monitoring cases in areas containing border crossings, such as Dornogovi, or international travel hubs, such as Ulaanbaatar, is crucial. Containment in regions contributing significantly to border crossings, together with the routine international sharing of surveillance data as recommended by WHO,1 should also enhance within-country mitigation capabilities.
The model used in this study was tailored to the ecology of Mongolia during the 2009 pandemic. Climatic, demographic and infrastructural conditions will influence population distribution, mixing characteristics and inter-provincial travel. For example, the higher propensity to travel in summer owing to the traditional nomadic lifestyle of many Mongolians may result in more rapid spatial spread for an out-of-season influenza epidemic than for the pandemic in the winter of 2009–2010. Infrastructural evolution driven by the mining boom – such as the new rail and road networks linking Mongolia with the Russian Federation and border areas of China – may also alter the characteristic mixing between provinces and population clustering. Pandemic planning policy, even in a given country, needs to be regularly reassessed to ensure that it is relevant to the current sociobehavioural conditions.
The authors thank medical personnel in the Mongolian influenza sentinel surveillance sites for collecting morbidity and mortality data and samples for virological examination, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, USA) for the technical and financial support of the National Influenza Centre in Mongolia, through the US/Mongolia Cooperative Agreement (projects U50/CCU024411 and IU51IP000331). The staff of the National Emergency Management Agency kindly provided support during fieldwork in Mongolia in July 2010.
This paper reports on work commissioned by the Avian and Human Influenza Control, Preparedness and Response Project, National Emergency Management Agency, Mongolia, sponsored by The World Bank. Authors received support from a University of Melbourne McKenzie Fellowship (KJB) and a National Health and Medical Research Council Career Development Award (JM).
Competing interests:
None declared.
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LOS ANGELES – The new head of the Department of Water and Power, in her first day on the job, apologized today to customers for "significant" glitches following a major overhaul of the utility's customer billing system.
"We sincerely apologize to you and to our customers who have been directly affected by these problems," DWP General Manager Marcie Edwards wrote in a letter to customers.
Edwards also unveiled a web page to keep DWP customers updated on the utility's efforts to fix the problems, which include excessive customer call wait times and inaccurate bills.
The web page also includes a "mayor's dashboard" that tracks the utility's progress in fixing its billing issues and gives DWP a score of "unacceptable" for its efforts in customer service and ability to manage its revenue.
The dashboard shows customers getting put on hold an average of 25-29 minutes during the first three weeks of February, a far cry from DWP's three- minute goal.
The utility has shaved the number of bills it has had to estimate due to a shortage of meter readers from 20.46 percent to 16.32 percent over the same period, toward a goal of 3 percent.
The dashboard's figures also show that $176 million in bills are past due by more than 90 days, and $57 million is late by 61 to 90 days, as of the third week of February.
The utility's response to its billing system hiccups has been "unacceptable," Edwards said.
"We did not adequately prepare for the extent of the problems we experienced and we made matters worse by not making certain that when those affected had problems, we were able to take their calls and emails and respond in a timely manner," she wrote.
Edwards left her position as city manager of Anaheim to return to the DWP, where she worked her way up from a clerk job she landed at age 19 to an executive post in 24 years with the utility.
She was appointed by Mayor Eric Garcetti in January to replace previous General Manager Ron Nichols.


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Letts on the pains of adapting 'Osage County'
TORONTO (AP) — The build-up to the world premiere of "August: Osage County" was familiar to Tracy Letts, the playwright who penned the Pulitzer Prize-winning play and wrote the screenplay for its big-screen adaptation. Formal wear, a limo, a ride to the theater. But such a night would usually culminate for him in the debut of a play and, he says, "the thrum of live performance."
"Some part of me — because I'm a theater animal — I go into that cinema last night and I get into my seat and I go, 'Oh, it's a movie. It's already done,'" Letts said in an interview the day after "August: Osage County" premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival.
The film, with an ensemble cast led by Meryl Streep and Julia Roberts, is one of the most-anticipated of the fall movie season. It's also a closely watched test of Hollywood's ability to transfer theater into a film — rarely its strong suit. "August: Osage County" isn't just your regular stage production: It's roundly regarded as perhaps the finest American play in decades.
After premiering at Chicago's Steppenwolf Theatre in 2007, it played for several years on Broadway and went on to a national tour. Inspired by Letts' own family history, it's about a sharp-tongued, pill-popping Oklahoma matriarch (played by Streep in the film) whose family arrives following the suicide of her husband (Sam Shepard).
"It seemed to me that the right container for the story was The Big American Play — a certain sprawl to the play, a kind of familial sprawl with multiple generations, multiple acts, multiple floors to the house," says Letts.
So why on Earth would Letts want to subject himself to the anguish of cutting his greatest creation — a play defined by its largeness — by some 45 minutes?
"Then who knows what havoc would be wrecked over my piece!" responds Letts.
Unlike playwright friends of Letts — he cites Martin McDonaugh ("The Pillowman") and Bruce Norris ("Clybourne Park") — who refuse to harm their plays through adaptation, Letts believes in the movie adaptation process — even if it's always, as he says, "an uneasy transition."
Letts, who recently won a Tony for his performance in a revival of Edward Albee's "Who's Afraid of Virginia Wolfe?" (an experience that left him "bone tired," he says), has written the screenplays of the other two movie adaptions of his work: 2006′s "Bug" and 2012′s "Killer Joe."
"I still think of that little kid in a small town who's going to get a chance to watch 'August: Osage County' on video or on TV and say, 'That's my family. I recognize them,'" says Letts, who, growing up in Oklahoma, was first introduced to Shakespeare and "A Streetcar Named Desire" as movies. "So I think there's value in doing it."
"That push and pull of what goes, what stays — it's a fight," he adds. "It's a fight I'm willing to fight. It's a fight, on some level, I have to be willing to lose."
That's because it ultimately wasn't in his hands. It's in the care of director John Wells ("ER") and producer Harvey Weinstein, who'll release the movie Dec. 25. Wells was a great fan of the play and made the film in collaboration with Letts.
"I was always just constantly trying to have that same experience in the film," says Wells. "That's the challenge."
Speaking together in Toronto, Letts and Wells appear friendly with one another, even if Letts is still stinging from battles over the script.
"I guess ultimately you hope that somebody with some taste and intelligence is making some good, final decisions about this," says Letts. "In the case of John, I think they are — which is not to say we don't have fights about this. We do. I was calling him a (expletive) just yesterday. But he's a generous collaborator and he's always been willing to listen."
Letts pauses for effect and smiles. "Even when he's flat wrong."
As a movie, "August: Osage County" didn't open to the same kind of reviews as the play. Though it's still expected to be an Oscar heavyweight, many critics found it too crowded by the play's dramatic peaks with too little breathing room in between. The film also changes the final moment of the story, a decision that the Los Angeles Times has reported has been much debated between the Weinstein Co. and the filmmakers, and could still be changed.
But the rhythms of a 3 ½ hour play (with intermission) were always going to be hard to time in a 2 hour film. For Letts, even the running time was up for debate.
"There has always been a theoretical disagreement about the running time you need to get to," says Letts. "I'm always sitting there going: 'Lawrence of Arabia!' There are long movies in the world!"
Follow AP Film Writer Jake Coyle on Twitter at: http://twitter.com/jake_coyle


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StephanieBamBam necesitaba un nuevo diseño de botón o icono y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 96 diseños de 39 diseñadores freelance.
Operation Turtle is a toolbar plugin that allows people to explore webpages together in real time. One of the key features of the plugin is to allow one user to see another user's cursor when they are on the same webpage. We are looking for our default cursor that all users will initially use after installing the toolbar.
Our company "mascot," so to speak, has been a cartoonish turtle (hencethe name operation turtle) – please see graphics below. We would likethe default icon to be a nice, clean, cute turtle, with some sort ofpointer going to the upper left of the image to show where theclick point is. In the sample turtle linked below, the red starburst isbeing used to show the click point. The other graphics are for reference.
sample icon:
- Turtle cursor
- Transparent, 32 x 32
- Redo the turtle
- Cute, but not TOO cute - must have universal appeal
- Cannot be too busy, as everyone will have this cursor as default. There could easily be 10-20+ cursors on one page at a time.
- Cursor will be the same on PC's and Macs, cannot look too much like one OS or another
- "Cursor Mania" style pixelated cursor. Must look "modern," not old school web 1.0 cursors.
- Animation or hover effects
- Remember, this is a cursor, not a logo. It's going to be moving around a screen and must be usable and not too busy.
- Don't just clean up the turtle here. Try re-imagining it.


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WASHINGTON — During the 2008 presidential race, the Obama campaign was disciplined and on message.
Now, a year and a half into their administration, President Obama and his White House team are struggling to steer public discourse toward the issues that most concern voters – namely, jobs and the economy. And many of the wounds seem to be self-inflicted.
Most recently, Mr. Obama unleashed a torrent of debate over the plan for an Islamic community center and mosque near Ground Zero with his statement Friday defending the plan, and a follow-up comment on Saturday in which he said he was not commenting on the "wisdom" of the center – just the landowners' right to use the land that way.
So much for the Democrats' plan for a weekend of focus on the future of Social Security, whose 75th birthday was Saturday and which Democrats say Republicans want to privatize. Or Obama's plan, while visiting the Florida Gulf Coast last weekend, to focus on the progress made over the BP oil spill.
On Monday, as Obama launched a three-day, five-state campaign and fundraising swing for Democrats, the mosque was still the talk of cable TV – and a focus of reporters' questions Monday on Air Force One.
'It's his obligation'
When asked why Obama decided to weigh in on the mosque, deputy White House press secretary Bill Burton said: "The president thinks that it's his obligation to speak out when he thinks issues of the Constitution are – when issues of the Constitution arise. And so, in this case, he decided to state clearly how he feels about making sure that people are treated equally, that there is a fairness and that our bedrock principles are upheld."
Burton added that the president did not raise the issue for political reasons, but "because he feels he has an obligation as the president to address this."
The politics of the issue have been poisonous, especially for a president who has spent his political career refuting the notion that he is Muslim. Polls show a majority of the public does not support the construction of the Islamic center so close to the site of the destroyed World Trade Center. But perhaps most important, the firestorm has been a major distraction, less than three months before crucial midterm elections that portend bad news for the Democrats.
"Messaging has been a problem of this administration from the very start of his presidency," says Julian Zelizer, a historian and public policy expert at Princeton University.
Another recent example is White House press secretary Robert Gibbs' statements to the Hill newspaper complaining about the "professional left" and its lack of appreciation for Obama's accomplishments, which hardly seemed a good way to get the Democratic base motivated for the elections.
Mr. Gibbs later agreed that he could have expressed himself differently, but did not take back his core point. Gibbs also created a firestorm within Democratic circles earlier this summer by acknowledging that Democrats could lose control of the House in November.
Last summer, too
Last summer, Obama buried his message on health-care reform for an entire week when he weighed in on the arrest of black scholar Henry Louis Gates in Cambridge, Mass., by a white police officer.
On the mosque, the original White House position was: It's a local issue, we're staying out. Then Obama opined anyway, at last Friday's iftar dinner breaking the daylight fast during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.
So why has the Obama White House had such a hard time with messaging when it excelled as the Obama campaign?
Governing is "a very different environment," says Mr. Zelizer. "In a campaign, you're still making stuctured speeches; you don't have to balance the speeches with the decisions you're making."
On the campaign trail, a candidate has a lot of freedom, and doesn't have much of a record. "Now," Zelizer says, "it's more difficult. There are more things coming at him now. That balancing act isn't good."


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BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – The Lipscomb track and field team took a limited squad to the Blazer Invite hosted by UAB on Friday in Birmingham, Ala., seeing a school-record broken for the second straight meet.
"We had a few good marks but didn't come out competing like we expected," Lipscomb assistant coach Luke Syverson said. "While there is still a lot of learning that is going on with a young squad, some of our upperclassmen should know the routine and be able to get up for an early season meet like this."
Sophomore April Terry, reigning Atlantic Sun Field Athlete of the Week, broke her own school-record in the shot put. A toss of 12.52 meters was more than a foot farther than last week's toss of 12.37 meters at the Ed Temple Classic.
"She was a little off in the weight throw today," Syverson said. "She did a good job shaking it off and coming back in the shot put later in the day and perform the way she did."
Her mark now places her second in the A-Sun this season behind Gwennetta Jones of Kennesaw State.
Tucker Peabody, a junior, took home third place in the 200m with a time of 21.38 seconds. Anaso Jobodwana of Jackson State set a meet record with a time of 20.65 for the victory.
"Tucker improved on his 200m time for this season," Syverson said. "Like April, Tucker had to come back from a less than perfect performance in an earlier event in the meet."
Peabody's pace puts him at the top of the A-Sun performance list heading into next weekend.
Houston Ward threw a personal-record 14.49 meters in the weight throw and turned around and threw 14.52 meters in the shot put.
"After a PR in the weight throw, Houston improved his season mark in the shot put to finish sixth in the event," Syverson said. "The men's shot put field had twice as many competitors (42) as last weekend."
Sophomore Gemikal Prude finished in fourth place in the high jump after a leap of 2.00 meters, finishing two inches out of second place.
The Bisons are back in action next weekend as they travel to the Niswonger Invite, a two-day event, hosted by ETSU in Johnson City, Tenn.
"We are looking forward to next weekend where we will have a full squad in action," Syverson said. "It definitely helps to have more of your team competing and cheering you on. Niswonger will give us a better idea of where we are at and another chance to go head-to-head with A-Sun foes."
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – The Lipscomb track and field team took a limited squad to the Blazer Invite hosted by UAB on Friday in Birmingham, Ala., seeing a school-record broken for the second straight meet.