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50Mb Puppies to use as business card Rescue CD
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Joined: 20 Jul 2010
Posts: 5362
Location: Republic of Novo Zelande
Posted: Tue 06 Mar 2012, 15:11
Post subject:
50Mb Puppies to use as business card Rescue CD
Subject description: Comparison of various small puppies
This post details my testing of Puppy isos that weigh in around 50Mb for the purposes of burning to a "credit card / business card" style CD so that they can be carried in the wallet as a rescue CD. (By which I mean I would like to be able to copy critical files off a hard disk and onto a usb stick or CDR. Nothing more complex than that really).
Once I have chosen the most appropriate version, I hope to tweak it a little (permanently setting pfix=ram and also removing the final "save on shutdown" dialog etc) and release it as an iso called Puppy "Mount'n Rescue"
I will be updating this first post as I add other trial candidates.
(If you are trying to burn these puppies to a business card CD please note that "Burniso2CD" appears to have a default limit of exactly 50Mb, but Pburn allows an "overburn" option which goes slightly beyond 50Mb)
If you are looking for a fully fledged Rescue Cd there are many other options (although usually much too large to fit on a credit card CD). One possibility is this:
Here are the 50Mb versions I am currently testing:
Barebones 1.04
(I decided this is not good to use as it writes a PUP001 file to HDD)
(but see Catdudes comment further down the thread, and also see my note at the bottom of this first post about Catdudes collection of pre-version 2 puppies
Barebones 2.01r2
Meanpuppy 2.02
Fatfree pup 2.17
Puppy 4.2.1-bbnobrowser
White Fang-0.2
forum: http://www.murga-linux.com/puppy/viewtopic.php?t=15082
(Thanks to forum member Hoven and others for some of these download links)
I will give a quick rating of my order of preference, but really all of these are worth trying depending on your machine and your exact needs.
Note – None of these have flash support, even where they did succeed in connecting to the internet. These versions are not designed for intensive online media requirements.
Heres the quick summary so far:
First choice:
4.2.1-bbnobrowser seems to be the easiest to use, and was the most successful to boot across a range of my machines. In order to keep it small it has been designed without a browser, and without any word processor or media players etc. Despite the absence of those features it is excellent at mounting hard drives and usb sticks for the purposes of copying off needed files. The main reason I list this as number one is the that it has clear icons on the desktop for HDD and USB drives. The other ones tested are just as capable, but you don't see the drives until you open MUT. Excellent jpeg viewer. No flash support.
Second choice:
The most fully configured version was Meanpuppy 2.02 and this might make it more suitable for some users. It has Abiword, a self-installing Opera browser, good network connection ability, and good pdf reader and .avi player. It's not quite as easy for mounting hard drives as the 4.2.1, but still pretty usable. However, it has Pdisk instead of Gparted so if disk partitioning is something you need to do, this may not be the best choice. I was able to get on the web easily and check my email with this. No flash support.
Third choice:
Fatfree 2.17 (does this have gparted?). Pretty useful. I had no trouble getting connected to my wireless network, although there is no browser. I was able to download one, but it seemed as if it would need a restart to access it so I couldn't use it in this test of the liveCD environment. Also had Grafburn CD writer which might be useful for some purposes. No flash support.
4th choice:
White Fang-0.2 seems to work fine. It has Gparted, Pdisk, pdf reader, mtPaint, netsurf browser, Pburn, Burniso2CD, Audacious audio player and I was able to get on the internet via a wired ethernet connection. Did not recognise my wireless connection. No avi player. Once a usb stick is mounted it shows an icon on screen (although mounted HDD doesn't). I had a couple of odd display issues and it hung on first boot due to a usb mouse being plugged in, although next time I plugged it in after booting and it worked fine. No flash support. (I would like to try the 3.0.1 version if I can locate it..)
Fifth choice:
Barebones 2.01 was usable as a rescue CD, with some good features like Gparted, Dillo browser and .avi player support, but also had some limitations, ie: wireless support was WEP only, the initial xorg config screen (keyboard layout) was confusing, and there was initially a long delay when using MUT to access HDDs and usb sticks. This distro had lots of extra editors and file managers so might be a good choice for someone who is getting into the nuts and bolts to recover a damaged O.S etc. No flash support.
Latest addition - I have tried barelypup2.13 and found it to be very interesting. It is very stripped down - almost nothing left in the menus except for the absolute basics. It has a clean looking desktop, and does exactly what I wanted it to do with copying files from HDD to USB. I might use this as a base for something else aswell.
If you are looking for something even smaller than the 50Mb range then Catdude and others have made a collection of earlier Puppies which may be of interest:
Also, goingnuts has an interesting topic about a super-cut-down puppy that might be ideal for some types of projects:
Last edited by greengeek on Tue 10 Apr 2012, 14:23; edited 13 times in total
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Joined: 28 Dec 2008
Posts: 524
Posted: Thu 08 Mar 2012, 04:53
Post subject:
Didn't know there where so many sub-50Mb puppies.
It is not 50Mb, but a small and good pup is browserlinux from GCMartin.
I find that while rescueing PC's I often need to visit modern web pages to get mainboard drivers. And that requires a good browser (for me). Need for Abiword for rescueing is low for me.
Good luck with your investigation.
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Joined: 20 Jul 2010
Posts: 5362
Location: Republic of Novo Zelande
Posted: Thu 08 Mar 2012, 05:10
Post subject:
Volhout wrote:
.. a small and good pup is browserlinux from GCMartin.
I had no idea that browserlinux was produced by gcmartin, I thought it was from 'puppymartin"? gcmartin guided me through setting up "boot from PXE" on puppy so I Iearnt how talented, patient and clear he is.
Browserlinux is one of my favourites - as is Mijnpup which I think is also from puppymartin. Are gcmartin and puppymartin one and the same perhaps?
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Joined: 28 Dec 2008
Posts: 524
Posted: Fri 09 Mar 2012, 08:18
Post subject:
my Oops ....
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Joined: 28 Dec 2008
Posts: 524
Posted: Fri 09 Mar 2012, 08:19
Post subject: name mixed up
my Oops ....
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Joined: 04 Apr 2007
Posts: 6815
Location: Chatham, Kent, UK
Posted: Fri 09 Mar 2012, 08:50
Post subject:
puppymartin did browserlinux and is dutch, I believe
Apart from the puppy he also did this, a variant of the well-minded search I think...
gcmartin is definitely a different member, has been far longer
a great pair of 'house-martins'
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Joined: 20 May 2005
Posts: 3192
Location: near Woof (Germany) :-) Acer Laptop emachines 2 GB RAM AMD64. franco-/germanophone, +/- anglophone
Posted: Sat 10 Mar 2012, 18:38
Post subject:
hi greengeek
thank you very much for this overview!
I know I have somewhere (CD or hard disk) more in this kind of small Puppies
a 50 mb version 1.04 or 1.05
a 99 mb version 2.0 or 2.02 with OpenOffice integrated!
a fatfree 3.01
the white fang puppy no. 2
a all on RW-CD puppy (don't uses hard disk at all and can handle unlimited sessions as the new session overwrites the last old session; the usual use was not this - the new sessions came also on the disk until the disk is full and after that, it is even finish!)
divers old puppy older as the version 1.0 (I think 0.41, it was the first Puppy theorically able to work with samba, 47 mb if I right remember, 0.27, it was probably the last Puppy under 30 mb, and probably 0.23, about 20..22 mb, I suppose it was "my" first Puppy and I did discover it visiting the site of Menu OS where Barry Kauler was active a few time before and making advertisement for it on his own web pages.
I also have probably a Iso of two micro-Puppy's with about 10 mb
I did spend a lot of time to copy a functional copy of White fang the last time I did try (and did do with success) to recover it for an other Puppy fan because the CD are really hard to read with newer but already used new CD drives. and I have actually no A/C adapter for 3" hard disk. I will try to make an archive of some (the ones being so kind to accept to be copied without problem after this long years) of above goodies in the next months and upload it on a free upload place in the web. I invite Puppy fans being eventually interesting to download it to follow this thread as usually the uploads not stay longer on line if nobody download them within 4 weeks. I as have no own repository, I will not make it more as one time.
it makes a funny satisfaction to start them with qemu-0.91-launchscript-SDL-1.29.pet ! as the computers were really very slower as those Puppy's were actual, you can about get, after the start (as the upload of the system through qemu is very, not very, dramatically slow) the impression to review this time!
it is easy:
install qemu-0.91-launchscript-SDL-1.29.pet
copy an ISO in /root
go in menu > utilities
hit on the launchscript icon
it is all what is to do
have fun time with the old puppy's
of course, you also can try to start them in real old style from CD...
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Joined: 20 Jul 2010
Posts: 5362
Location: Republic of Novo Zelande
Posted: Mon 12 Mar 2012, 14:35
Post subject:
oui wrote:
it is easy:
install qemu-0.91-launchscript-SDL-1.29.pet
Merci Oui!
I will give that a try.
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Joined: 04 Apr 2007
Posts: 6815
Location: Chatham, Kent, UK
Posted: Mon 12 Mar 2012, 16:41
Post subject:
Its also possible to instal without burning a CD, by loopmounting the ISO...
If in puppy instead of *buntu, ignore the sudos and use your own text editor for nano references, and obviously adjust menu.lst partitions and puppy versions to suit
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Joined: 30 Nov 2008
Posts: 2807
Location: Montenegro
Posted: Mon 12 Mar 2012, 18:47
Post subject:
there was a small puplet by wow based on 3.x or 4.1.x noname pup or something like that it used lxde I think it's about 50 MB with dillo
puppy.b0x.me stuff mirrored
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Joined: 20 Jul 2010
Posts: 5362
Location: Republic of Novo Zelande
Posted: Tue 13 Mar 2012, 03:45
Post subject:
dejan555 wrote:
there was a small puplet by wow based on 3.x or 4.1.x noname pup or something like that it used lxde I think it's about 50 MB with dillo
Thanks Dejan. I'm googling it but no luck so far. Was "wow" the name of the puplet creator?
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Joined: 20 Dec 2007
Posts: 931
Location: Staffordshire
Posted: Tue 13 Mar 2012, 06:19
Post subject:
Is it this?
Unnamed pupplet (puppy411 kernel-18.104.22.168 Xorg-7.4 LXDE)
More like 70MB. Haven't tried it myself.
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Joined: 03 Jan 2007
Posts: 1573
Location: UK
Posted: Tue 13 Mar 2012, 07:19
Post subject:
Hello greengeek
greengeek wrote:
Barebones 1.04
(I decided this is not good to use as it writes a PUP001 file to HDD)
No it won't,
not if you do the following. (see pics)
At the initial boot screen, type the number
then hit Enter.
At the first pause at the
red text
, hit Enter again.
At the second pause at the
red text
, just wait 10 seconds,
and it will continue on it's merry way.
3589 Time(s)
3616 Time(s)
3676 Time(s)
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Joined: 30 Nov 2008
Posts: 2807
Location: Montenegro
Posted: Tue 13 Mar 2012, 13:11
Post subject:
Keef, that might be it, will download and try I remember it was really small but maybe not 50 MB afterall.
puppy.b0x.me stuff mirrored
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Joined: 20 Jul 2010
Posts: 5362
Location: Republic of Novo Zelande
Posted: Wed 14 Mar 2012, 13:37
Post subject:
CatDude wrote:
not if you do the following. (see pics)
At the initial boot screen, type the number 3 then hit Enter.
At the first pause at the red text, hit Enter again.
At the second pause at the red text, just wait 10 seconds,
and it will continue on it's merry way.
Hi Catdude, many thanks for that. I guess the wording of "choose HD" stopped me from trying it, given that I wanted to "exclude HD".
I wish I had known this tip years ago - the one thing that drove me away from Puppy Unleashed 0.9 was the pup001 file on my HDD.
I didn't come back to Puppy for a long time - and missed the fun of the 2 and 3 series.
I should have done more research!
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Re: High School Musical the movies
Posted: Thu Dec 04, 2008 4:12 pm
As I said before, Zac Efron didn't even sing in the first one. They had someone else do it for him.TwilightRose1 wrote:Oh my.. HSM is just a fabulous movie! I remember when I first saw it. Its just an inspiring film for people of all ages... The kids are amazingly talented and hard-working for their ages. I am highly impressed with their dedication to making the films the best that they can be. I'm not really looking forward tot the 4th installment of the film... I think the 3rd one ende the series perfectly.. but I suppose Disney may as well make as much money as it possibly can off of something so popular s High School Musical... I just dont think it will be as good without all of the orginal cast.

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This composite image of starburst galaxy M82 shows the distribution of dense molecular gas as seen by the GBT (yellow and red) and the background stars and dust as seen by Hubble (blue). The yellow areas correspond to regions of intense star formation. The red areas trace outflows of gas from the disk of the galaxy.
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2013-04-10 / Opinion
Mr. President, you are right, she is a good looking and no apology is needed
We have often spoken out on the policies and politics of President Barack Obama, more often than not finding ourselves at odds and of opposing views. This week's news frenzy regarding the President's comments about California Attorney General Kamala Harris, however, has us now speaking out in his defense.
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|Attention: DocWiki has reached EOL and will be decommissioned January 25, 2019.
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
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The Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) is a routing protocol that was developed in the mid-1980s by Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco's principal goal in creating IGRP was to provide a robust protocol for routing within an autonomous system (AS). Such protocols are known as Interior Gateway Routing Protocols.
The Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) is a routing protocol that was developed in the mid-1980s by Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco's principal goal in creating IGRP was to provide a robust protocol for routing within an autonomous system (AS). Such protocols are known as Interior Gateway Routing Protocols.
Latest revision as of 21:00, 16 October 2012
The Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) is a routing protocol that was developed in the mid-1980s by Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco's principal goal in creating IGRP was to provide a robust protocol for routing within an autonomous system (AS). Such protocols are known as Interior Gateway Routing Protocols.
In the mid-1980s, the most popular Interior Gateway Routing Protocol was the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). Although RIP was quite useful for routing within small- to moderate-sized, relatively homogeneous internetworks, its limits were being pushed by network growth. In particular, RIP's small hop-count limit (16) restricted the size of internetworks; single metric (hop count) support of only equal-cost load balancing (in all-Cisco networks only!) did not allow for much routing flexibility in complex environments. The popularity of Cisco routers and the robustness of IGRP encouraged many organizations with large internetworks to replace RIP with IGRP.
Cisco's initial IGRP implementation worked in Internet Protocol (IP) networks. IGRP was designed to run in any network environment, however, and Cisco soon ported it to run in OSI Connectionless-Network Protocol (CLNP) networks. Cisco developed Enhanced IGRP in the early 1990s to improve the operating efficiency of IGRP. This article discusses IGRP's basic design and implementation.
IGRP Protocol Characteristics
IGRP is a distance vector Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). Distance vector routing protocols mathematically compare routes using some measurement of distance. This measurement is known as the distance vector. Routers using a distance vector protocol must send all or a portion of their routing table in a routing-update message at regular intervals to each of their neighboring routers. As routing information proliferates through the network, routers can identify new destinations as they are added to the network, learn of failures in the network, and, most importantly, calculate distances to all known destinations.
Distance vector routing protocols are often contrasted with link-state routing protocols, which send local connection information to all nodes in the internetwork.
IGRP uses a composite metric that is calculated by factoring weighted mathematical values for internetwork delay, bandwidth, reliability, and load. Network administrators can set the weighting factors for each of these metrics, although great care should be taken before any default values are manipulated. IGRP provides a wide range for its metrics. Reliability and load, for example, can take on any value between 1 and 255; bandwidth can take on values reflecting speeds from 1200 bps to 10 Gbps, while delay can take on any value from 1 to 224. These wide metric ranges are further complemented by a series of user-definable constants that enable a network administrator to influence route selection. These constants are hashed against the metrics, and each other, in an algorithm that yields a single, composite metric. Thus, the network administrator can influence route selection by giving higher or lower weighting to specific metrics. This flexibility allows administrators to fine-tune IGRP's automatic route selection.
To provide additional flexibility, IGRP permits multipath routing. Dual equal-bandwidth lines can run a single stream of traffic in round-robin fashion, with automatic switchover to the second line if one line goes down. Multiple paths can have unequal metrics yet still be valid multipath routes. For example, if one path is three times better than another path (its metric is three times lower), the better path will be used three times as often. Only routes with metrics that are within a certain range or variance of the best route are used as multiple paths. Variance is another value that can be established by the network administrator.
Stability Features
IGRP provides a number of features that are designed to enhance its stability. These include holddowns, split horizons, and poison-reverse updates.
Holddowns are used to prevent regular update messages from inappropriately reinstating a route that might have gone bad. When a router goes down, neighboring routers detect this via the lack of regularly scheduled update messages. These routers then calculate new routes and send routing update messages to inform their neighbors of the route change. This activity begins a wave of triggered updates that filter through the network. These triggered updates do not instantly arrive at every network device. Thus, it is possible for a device that has yet to be informed of a network failure to send a regular update message, which advertises a failed route as being valid to a device that has just been notified of the network failure. In this case, the latter device would contain (and potentially advertise) incorrect routing information. Holddowns tell routers to hold down any changes that might affect routes for some period of time. The holddown period usually is calculated to be just greater than the period of time necessary to update the entire network with a routing change.
Split horizons derive from the premise that it is never useful to send information about a route back in the direction from which it came. Router 1 (R1) advertises that it has a route to Network A. There is no reason for Router 2 (R2) to include this route in its update back to R1 because R1 is closer to Network A. The split-horizon rule says that R2 should strike this route from any updates that it sends to R1. The split-horizon rule helps prevent routing loops. Consider, for example, the case in which R1's interface to Network A goes down. Without split horizons, R2 continues to inform R1 that it can get to Network A (through R1). If R1 does not have sufficient intelligence, it actually might pick up R2's route as an alternative to its failed direct connection, causing a routing loop. Although holddowns should prevent this, split horizons are implemented in IGRP because they provide extra algorithm stability.
Figure: The Split-Horizon Rule Helps Protect Against Routing Loops illustrates the split-horizon rule.
Figure: The Split-Horizon Rule Helps Protect Against Routing Loops
Split horizons should prevent routing loops between adjacent routers, but poison-reverse updates are necessary to defeat larger routing loops. Increases in routing metrics generally indicate routing loops. Poison-reverse updates then are sent to remove the route and place it in holddown. In Cisco's implementation of IGRP, poison-reverse updates are sent if a route metric has increased by a factor of 1.1 or greater.
IGRP maintains a number of timers and variables containing time intervals. These include an update timer, an invalid timer, a hold-time period, and a flush timer. The update timer specifies how frequently routing update messages should be sent. The IGRP default for this variable is 90 seconds. The invalid timer specifies how long a router should wait in the absence of routing-update messages about a specific route before declaring that route invalid. The IGRP default for this variable is three times the update period. The hold-time variable specifies the holddown period. The IGRP default for this variable is three times the update timer period plus 10 seconds. Finally, the flush timer indicates how much time should pass before a route should be flushed from the routing table. The IGRP default is seven times the routing update period.
IGRP has proven to be one of the most successful routing protocols of all time. No small part of its success has been due to its functional similarity to RIP, a simple yet highly successful and widely deployed routing protocol. Cisco took great pains to carefully preserve many of the effective features of RIP, while greatly expanding its capabilities. Today, IGRP is showing its age; it lacks support for variable-length subnet masks (VLSM). Rather than develop an IGRP version 2 to incorporate that capability, Cisco has built upon IGRP's legacy of success with Enhanced IGRP. Enhanced IGRP is examined Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol.
Review Questions
Q - Name the benefits of using IGRP instead of RIP.
A - Despite its enduring success as an Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, RIP suffers from fundamental limitations that are not easily avoided. For example, it (and the subsequent RIPv2) is limited to a maximum of 16 hops per route. This tends to limit the size and complexity of a network that can be effectively routed with RIP. Other RIP limitations include its support for only equal-cost load balancing and its single, simple routing metric (hop count). IGRP was specifically designed to offer an alternative to RIP that was as easy to implement and administer as RIP, yet that did not suffer from these fundamental limitations.
Q - How can an administrator influence route selection?
A - A network administrator can accept IGRP's default settings or can fine-tune network performance by manipulating any of IGRP's four routing metrics or their constant weights. These mathematical components of IGRP's composite routing metric offer remarkable latitude to network administrators by enabling them to emphasize or de-emphasize delay, link speed, historical reliability, or load levels in the selection of optimal routes.
Q - What is variance, and how does it affect multipath routing?
A - Variance is another value that can be established and modified by a network administrator to fine-tune an IGRP network. In essence, variance enables a range of routing costs to be used to select multiple redundant paths of unequal cost to any given destination. Thus, variance is the mechanism by which IGRP supports unequal-cost load balancing.
Q - Identify and explain IGRP's stability features.
A - IGRP uses holddowns, split horizons, and poison-reverse updates to improve operational stability. Holddowns prevent IGRP's interval updates from wrongly reinstating an invalid route. Split horizons help prevent routing loops by preventing a router from updating neighbors of any routing changes that it originally learned from those neighbors. Poison-reverse updates function similarly but are not limited to use between adjacent routers. Thus, they prevent large routing loops from occurring between nonadjacent routers.
Q - What timers are used by IGRP, and what is their function?
A - IGRP features several functionally distinct timers, including an update timer, an invalid timer, a hold-time period, and a flush timer. The update timer specifies how frequently routing update messages should be sent. The invalid timer specifies how long a router should wait in the absence of routing-update messages about a specific route before declaring that route invalid. The hold-time variable specifies the holddown period. Finally, the flush timer indicates how much time should pass before a route should be flushed from the routing table.
For More Information
Sportack, Mark A. IP Routing Fundamentals. Indianapolis: Cisco Press, 1999.
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios113ed/ 113ed_cr/np1_c/1cigrp.htm


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State Department Vindictiveness: Using Single Blog Link To Wikileaks To Investigate Employee Who Published Critical Book
from the chilling-effects dept
State Department employee Peter van Buren has written a book that apparently criticizes the US's efforts in Iraq entitled: We Meant Well: How I Helped Lose the Battle for the Hearts and Minds of the Iraqi People. Not surprisingly, the State Department isn't happy about the book. While it did review the manuscript before it was published, it can't stop the publication.
So, instead, it appears to being coming up with other ways to be vindictive. Such as investigating him for "disclosing classified information." And, no, it's not because of info in the book, which was pre-vetted by the government. It's because he wrote a blog post, where he dares to link to a Wikileaks cable, which is public to the whole world.
But, in the vindictive little minds of folks in the State Department, since such info is still technically "classified," they can go after van Buren for "disclosing classified info." And, making it even better, the investigators who interrogated him over this told him that if he wrote about the interrogation, he could also be charged with "interfering with a government investigation." It makes you wonder if the people involved in this recognize how petty and childish they appear in their actions. No one who can think straight thinks that van Buren linking to a very public document reveals classified information -- and on top of that, speaking publicly about State Department bullying is not, in any way, interfering with a government investigation.
Tragically, this is not an isolated incident. Despite the President's insistence that he wants to see more whistleblowing, every time we see whistleblowing in the federal government it seems like it's followed up by vindictive attacks by the federal government.


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At first glance, the two traits don't really go together, and there is a sense that they are not bound by any particular logic. They simply coexist in a certain generation's consciousness, in Hyde Park and in other urban places across the country.
But such juxtapositions have a way of becoming contradictions as circumstances change. And all it has taken to bring these two traits into open contradiction is one circumstance in particular: global climate change. It's the equivalent, in terms of ideological watersheds, of Khruschev's 1953 speech to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party denouncing Stalin's Reign of Terror: it was hard to be Stalinist after that. Less dramatically, one might point to being a Southern Democrat after passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964; it was hard thereafter for many southerners to remain in the Democratic Party. Ideologies are intellectual coalitions, and if not updated, they fall apart.
So it is with old-school Liberalism and climate change. The environmental movement has many sources, and many of them (but not all) have been aligned with the American Left and the Democratic Party since the 1960s. This is the heritage that is so well established in Hyde Park. Refracted through the neighborhood's particular experience of Urban Renewal, with the latter's post-war faith in grand technocratic solutions to complicated social problems, the environmental consciousness of the time was steeped in distinctly anti-urban attitudes.
It could make sense, therefore, to be for civil rights, desegregation, unions, and withdrawal from Vietnam, while also wanting the built environment around you to be like a cross between Haight-Ashbury and Harper Avenue: low-slung, two-story commercial districts with quaint gingerbread Victorians along the back streets. One could fight each and every proposed mid-rise or in-fill project secure in the conviction that one was fighting the good fight against City Hall, just as one had done with civil rights and every other Big Project sponsored by Big Capital.
It turns out, however, that this particular type of urban model, and the militant resistance to making it more dense, may be fatal to the planet.
And that's a decidedly un-Liberal possibility.
We've seen this play out in any number of Hyde Park neighborhood controversies over developments, both real and hypothetical. The old-school mentality finds its voice with airy references to "viewsheds," a sometimes uncritical fondness for "open space," and a phobia for tall buildings. Traffic will be horrible, children will be run over, and pollution will kill us all -- when, in fact, just the opposite will most likely be true.
This train of reflection was triggered by a recent essay in a Bay Area newspaper ("You're Not an Environmentalist if You're Also a NIMBY," Robert Gammon, East Bay Express, July 1, 2009). Given the Bay Area's Liberal credentials, it's worth quoting the piece as a sign of the contradiction between earlier Liberal environmentalism and its uneasy NIMBY partner.
Global warming is changing far more than just the climate. It's altering the way environmentalists view development. For years, city dwellers who consider themselves to be eco-conscious have used environmental laws and arcane zoning rules to block new home construction, especially apartments and condominiums. In the inner East Bay, liberals have justified their actions by railing against gentrification and portraying developers as profiteers. But the lack of urban growth in Berkeley and in parts of Oakland during the past few decades also has contributed to suburban sprawl and long commutes. And all those freeways choked with cars are now the single biggest cause of greenhouse gas emissions in the region.
There are always contradictions in any particular political agenda, right, left or other. But it is hard to argue that climate change has not emerged as a political priority that trumps anything else one might care to identify as part of the Liberal portfolio, at least as understood in Hyde Park. Labor? Nope. Racism? Unfortunately not. Feminism. Still secondary. That nice suburban feel with the open spaces left over from Urban Renewal? Definitely, categorically, Not.
Referencing the East Bay again:
[F]or the inner East Bay to grow the way it should, it will have to overcome the region's well-developed not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) sensibilities. In Berkeley and North Oakland, in particular, liberals who view themselves as environmentalists have been blocking dense housing developments for decades. They have complained about traffic, overcrowding, and the potential destruction of neighborhood character. But among those who are paying attention to the causes of global warming, there is a growing realization that no-growth activists have to step back and look at the bigger picture. Climate change has forced a paradigm shift in the environmental movement. If you live in an urban area, you can't call yourself an "environmentalist" and continue to act like a NIMBY by blocking new housing.
This all sounds very familiar. And in truth, it has started to change, even here in immobile Hyde Park. An older generation is passing from the scene, one for whom complaints about "traffic, overcrowding, and the potential destruction of neighborhood character" were right and honorable reflexes in their day. They are also now in full contradiction with what needs to happen in order for Liberal -- or any other -- ideology to adjust to a new reality, so that there is at least some chance of slowing down what might be the greatest shock humanity has faced in its short time on earth.
A final quote from the author, Robert Gammon:
[P]eople who ... consider themselves to be liberal environmentalists ... need to finally start thinking globally and acting locally. The coming global warming crisis demands that they do more than just eat organic, install solar panels, or buy a Prius. They also need to realize that dense development will make their neighborhoods and their cities better — not worse.
The realization is starting to sink in here in Hyde Park -- though it has taken some doing. But it can't be encouraged enough.


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French photographer David Bertram's latest group of images are portraits of self-portraits, Claytime presents people who were asked to model their own faces out of clay.
"The Art of the portrait is often associated with the idea that the eyes of the pictured person are a window on his soul, his inner truth. Only eyes can really say that much ? This question is the basis of the work that is presented here, which offers a more psychological than physical lighting of each subject. I got inspired by an psychology exercise that involves asking the patient to model his own face out of a piece of clay, to unconsciouly reveal
his own traits, its complex, its fears, in short, his psychic identity to his analyst.
This playful exercise gave its name to the series, Claytime, which presents different people all having modeled their own faces in clay. Despite
differing modeling abilities, their faces are in some cases, rough, in other perfectly crafted, but always revealing.
In a second step, I photographed these people, inside their homes, within a framework that defines them both personally and socially, and
offers several clues about their personalities. Subsequently, a photo montage allowed me to replace their "real" faces by their mental projections in clay. Once placed on the shoulders, the head of clay either contrasts with the body which receives it, or rather is an almost organic extension of this body, mysteriously revealing the forces that espouse or oppose in the person's mind, the game between subjective and objective acting as a revelator of the soul… A kind of X-ray of the mind. I chose to light those pictures in a rather painting mood and often privileged static poses in order to give each portrait the expression of an ancient statue, frozen in time as the remains of a personality, memory of the real identity, the one that never changes."


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Just weeks before the holidays, a North Las Vegas couple were given 60 days to move out of the living and office space where they have been running a 24-hour operation to prevent veteran suicide called Forgotten Not Gone for 2 1/2 years.
Less than 30 days before their move date, Peter and Kelley Guidry faced new challenges.
The disabled Air Force veterans thought they'd found the perfect location in the northeast valley. The half-acre property at 2380 Bledsoe Lane near Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary had two buildings: a 1,400-square-foot facility they'd planned to use for living and an 1,100-square-foot facility they wanted to use to house the large tricycles that veterans gather to take on rides, they said.
The Guidrys had planned to use a $290,000Veterans Affairs loan to purchase a new property. The couple were receiving help from Billy Alt, a Marine Corps veteran and real estate agent for Nexthome Integrity, a company that's aimed at assisting veterans and first responders with finding homes and educating them about VA loans.
They discovered that one of the buildings at the property that interested them didn't have the proper permits, leaving them back at square one. They have until Jan. 31 to move out of their current facility, they said.
"It was the perfect home, and we were so excited to be able to move in there and expand our program, especially with it being in front of the school, a park (and a commerical businesses)," Peter Guidry said. "Now, we have to start all over again."
Time is of the essence, Alt said.
"With the size of the lot and with the price range that they have, (it) limits us ? I want to help," he said. "They're awesome and they are doing great things."
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The pair has a San Diego Music Award to its credit in the Best Americana Album category for the disc "Twelve." A top-flight percussionist and guitarist, Berkley has also led a succession of popular local combos like Citizen Band. Additionally, he's a sideman seen occasionally on stage with artists ranging from Talk Like June to Jackson Browne.
Immersed in music 24/7, Berkley has also become one of San Diego's top producers at his own Berkley Sound Studios, with a resume that includes albums from the likes of acoustic troubadour Gregory Page and country singer Barbara Nesbitt. Despite helming the board on dozens of noteworthy titles, Berkley remains humble, giving the credit back to the musicians involved.
"I've been really lucky to get to work with great artists, which makes me look better," Berkley said.
The Sept. 27 show is part of a monthly residency begun in June, dubbed Jeff Berkley and Friends. To date, the focus has been on acoustic music, though there's no hard-and-fast rule as to what might take place on any given night. The "Friends" part of the bill changes each time, with an impressive roster of local notables that include Jeffrey Joe Morin, Rob Deez, The Lovebirds, Tolan Shaw and Podunk Nowhere.
"I wanted to give the audience a variety of music and not have it be the same singer-songwriter every minute," Berkley said. "I just have people come up and do a few tunes and if it's something we both know, we'll play together. If it's not, we don't."
Berkley's life in music was perhaps inevitable.
"It's in my blood," he said. "My dad was a musician. My grandfather before him was a poet and a musician. What inspired me was growing up watching my dad play bass in rock 'n' roll bands when I was a kid. It just made me want to do it."
During the late 1960s, his father played in such top area bands as Sound Foundation and Population Five and even worked with Elvis Presley.
"Then later on, when he was a minister, I learned to play music in his churches," Berkley said.
A quick study, Berkley's enthusiasm meant that by the time he was 15 years old around 1985, he had made his debut with the band, The Cry, at the now-defunct concert venue The Bacchanal. By the time he was 17, he was backing British guitarist Dave Sharp of the Welsh hitmakers The Alarm.
Upcoming projects include a new Berkley Hart album and a bluegrass album, as well as a possible new band that Berkley said will be "rockier," though he mentions a pedal steel player will be involved.
It's clear Berkley is in the eye of a creative hurricane. After more than
25 years of making music, which he said is the most important part of his life, he's still enthusiastic about creating new sounds and live performance.
"Which is weird, because you'd have thought I'd have tired of it by now," Berkley said. "When I'm not playing with the band, I'm working in the studio. I'm not saying that you're happy at the end of every gig, necessarily. It's not like there aren't times — like everybody in every career — where you're going, 'What am I doing? But I could never stop playing. I've got it in my blood now. I've just got to play."
• Jeff Berkley & Friends perform at 8 p.m. on Thursday, Sept. 27 at Java Joes, 4976 Newport Ave. All ages. $5. www.javajoessd.com.


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Pets Pes Pets
Different day; different dog. Oh, if rescue work could be so simple! Then, each dog could be rehomed within a day or so. Unfortunately, this tempo is too upbeat because each case can be complex, and various situations overlap.
The right combination of networking, chauffeuring, veterinary investment plus strokes of good luck must all align before a needy dog is settled into "happily ever after". Even when things do seem to be going well, a rescuer can never be overjoyed too soon because then the jinx factor can still rear its ugly head. Superstition is part of the rescue equation too. Some cases don't end well despite the best efforts.
Two recent, desperate dogs that surfaced simultaneously are profiled below. Certain details have been held back because dog shuffling is a stealth business. In both cases the dog received help, while the former owner may not be as fortunate: * "Cora" a six year old Shepherd mix survived a horrible ordeal. In July her owner went in for back surgery and suffered serious complications (punctured esophagus), leaving Cora home alone for nine days without food or clean water. Eventually neighbors heard her barking, and the police were called. Nassau SPCA located family members not living in the home that knew about Cora but had neglected to feed her. The SPCA gained access to the house to care for Cora everyday and then tried to obtain a legal surrender so she could be placed in a more responsible home. Because the SPCA was dealing with a dysfunctional family, while not dealing with an estranged husband who was just released from jail for a crime that would make you cringe, the surrender was delayed.
Meanwhile the SPCA took Cora to the vet for an exam, blood work and vaccines. Cora is very friendly, likes other dogs (the SPCA brought an amiable Pit into her home to test her), and showed no food aggression despite starvation. Cora, now back to 71 pounds, is presently at the Last Hope Dog Center. She loves everyone, and her new BFF, a Last Hope Beagle accompanies her on walks. ** "David Rambo", an old but effervescent Shepherd/ Husky was in a dire housing crisis but not at death's door as described in an urgent plea. This is what happens when the person asking for help is several steps removed from the scenario, and the person reaching out to those who may help (me) is too tired to verify facts.
I saw a vaguely familiar email address and responded after a volunteer emailed the Last Hope dog coordinator asking if anyone had contacts in the Bronx. She stated: "My friend's brother is just about homeless. He was caring for an elderly German Shepherd. He took it after his elderly roommate died, and has been trying to care for it. They are living in a friend's garage. The dog was attacked by a pit bull yesterday. He needs help up there, even if just to get the dog to a shelter and have it put down. He is mentally unable to handle the responsibility and I hate to think of this poor dog suffering."
This sounded like an emergency so at 2 am, I relayed the request to friends with contacts in NYC. Via MCM Rottie Rescue, the message got a fast response from Andrea, an EMT who lives in Connecticut. Several years ago she had gone to extraordinary measures to trap a dog near a Bronx parkway, so we knew how dedicated and determined she is.
The next plea from the same person said: "the dog was bad, his legs were messed up and he had a hard time walking" so he needed to be out of there ASAP. Andrea offered to assess the situation on her way to work in the South Bronx. The plan was to have her take the dog to Rottie Rescue's LI vet for euthanasia, if really in a bad way.
I wrongly assumed that a homeless person had taken a dog from another homeless person who had since died. It turned out that the zip code was affluent Riverdale, and that the man had lived as a handyman/caretaker in the woman's basement for seven years. When she died, he continued to care for her beloved dog that she called "Rambo", and he renamed "David". The duo stayed in her house another 18 months until her family sold it. Now they were being forced out of a garage refuge too. A Pit had jumped the fence and attacked Rambo, but he only had a small cut under his jaw. His wobbly back legs were those of a large, arthritic, senior. David Rambo is somewhere between 12 to 15 years old, and totally deaf.
Next call came from the vet's office because Andrea took Rambo there anyway, when she realized the man had no where to go with the dog, but possible shelter without him. Rambo needed some medical attention (and a bath) because he hadn't been to a vet in years. He kept kissing her on the way to the clinic. At that point he became our (actually my) responsibility, all because I had forwarded an email. Today's lesson: Think twice before you forward and press SEND at 2 am.
We boarded him at the vet; then during a Friday monsoon moved Rambo to a secret location. Rambo had a home waiting, if he would get along with a pair of Chihuahua mixes and a Rottie, and if he could negotiate the stairs/ deck steps of a high ranch. The stairs were precarious yet doable; but he "blew it" when he became food possessive around the tiny dogs. He had lived with a cat so this reaction came as a surprise.
Presently Rambo is with a wonderful couple who responded to our placement plea. They are trying to assimilate him into their small pack of big dogs. But the jury is still out; and I won't dare say anymore, so not to jinx David Rambo's new home.
For Adoption at the Last Hope Dog Center (631-946-9528), 3300 Beltagh Avenue in Wantagh "Cora" the SPCA seizure Shepherd mix would make a lovely family pet. Little "Susie" from West Virginia is also available. This extremely loving 1 year old Carolina Dog/Hound mix showed up at a cabin in June with a gunshot wound to her leg. The WV vet tried but was unable to save her leg. "Susie" is happy as can be despite her ordeal and amputation.


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self catering accommodation
From £150
Call Now 028 2076 2385
This beautifully restored whitewashed farmhouse, built high in the Glens early in the last century, offers breathtaking views to the village of Cushendall and across the rolling hills to Scotland and the Mull of Kintyre. The quaint interior is finished to an excellent standard. Large open area (with small patio) outside the cottage. Traditional Irish country life at its best!


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Fixing Sequences
From PostgreSQL wiki
Updating sequence values from table
Fixing Sequences
A common problem when copying or recreating a database is that database sequences are not updated just by inserting records in the table that sequence is used in. If you want to make your sequences all start just after whatever values are already there, it's possible to do that for most common configurations like this:
SELECT 'SELECT SETVAL(' || quote_literal(quote_ident(PGT.schemaname) || '.' || quote_ident(S.relname)) || ', COALESCE(MAX(' ||quote_ident(C.attname)|| '), 1) ) FROM ' || quote_ident(PGT.schemaname)|| '.'||quote_ident(T.relname)|| ';' FROM pg_class AS S, pg_depend AS D, pg_class AS T, pg_attribute AS C, pg_tables AS PGT WHERE S.relkind = 'S' AND S.oid = D.objid AND D.refobjid = T.oid AND D.refobjid = C.attrelid AND D.refobjsubid = C.attnum AND T.relname = PGT.tablename ORDER BY S.relname;
Usage would typically work like this:
- Save this to a file, say 'reset.sql'
- Run the file and save its output in a way that doesn't include the usual headers, then run that output. Example:
psql -Atq -f reset.sql -o temp
psql -f temp
rm temp
There are a few limitations to this snippet of code you need to be aware of:
- It only works on sequences that are owned by a table. If your sequences are not owned, run the following script first:
Fixing sequence ownership
This script changes sequences with OWNED BY to the table and column they're referenced from. NB! Sequences that are referenced by multiple tables or columns are ignored.
(Parts of query shamelessly stolen from OmniTI's Tasty Treats repository by Robert Treat)
SELECT 'ALTER SEQUENCE '|| quote_ident(MIN(schema_name)) ||'.'|| quote_ident(MIN(seq_name)) ||' OWNED BY '|| quote_ident(MIN(TABLE_NAME)) ||'.'|| quote_ident(MIN(column_name)) ||';' FROM ( SELECT n.nspname AS schema_name, c.relname AS TABLE_NAME, a.attname AS column_name, SUBSTRING(d.adsrc FROM E'^nextval\\(''([^'']*)''(?:::text|::regclass)?\\)') AS seq_name FROM pg_class c JOIN pg_attribute a ON (c.oid=a.attrelid) JOIN pg_attrdef d ON (a.attrelid=d.adrelid AND a.attnum=d.adnum) JOIN pg_namespace n ON (c.relnamespace=n.oid) WHERE has_schema_privilege(n.oid,'USAGE') AND n.nspname NOT LIKE 'pg!_%' escape '!' AND has_table_privilege(c.oid,'SELECT') AND (NOT a.attisdropped) AND d.adsrc ~ '^nextval' ) seq GROUP BY seq_name HAVING COUNT(*)=1;
This snippet finds orphaned sequences that aren't owned by any column. It can be helpful to run this, to double-check that the above query did its job right.
SELECT ns.nspname AS schema_name, seq.relname AS seq_name FROM pg_class AS seq JOIN pg_namespace ns ON (seq.relnamespace=ns.oid) WHERE seq.relkind = 'S' AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM pg_depend WHERE objid=seq.oid AND deptype='a') ORDER BY seq.relname;


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March 9, 2009
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. - The MIT rifle wrapped up its 2008-09 campaign at the Mid-Atlantic Conference (MAC) Championship over the weekend. In the Expert Division of the smallbore competition, the Engineers were narrowly edged by Penn State for first, 2209-2197. A pair of Tech shooters, Nigel Kojimoto in smallbore and Emily Houston in air rifle, placed in the top 10 individually.
Kojimoto posted the highest individual point total in the matchup against Penn State, finishing with a total of 557, as five of his six attempts went for at least 93 points. However, the Nittany Lions accounted for the next three highest scores, en route to the 12-point win. Kojimoto's score placed him sixth overall in smallbore at the Championship. Houston registered 552 points, good for 14th overall. Joseph Lane (547) finished immediately behind Houston, with Jennifer Paek (541) two spots back in 17th.
Houston was the only MIT shooter to take part in the air rifle event. The junior used a pair of 96-point efforts to propel her to a score of 567 and a ninth-place finish overall.
The U.S. Naval Academy defeated Akron in smallbore and air rifle in the Master Division to capture both team titles. Chris Burleson of Navy was the top individual shooter in smallbore while Akron's Jenna Compton took home the top spot in air rifle.


text: Job Discussion Forums :: View topic - German - Canadian Citizenship Get TEFL Certified & Start Your Adventure Today! Job Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Students and Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in German - Canadian Citizenship Goto page Previous 1, 2, 3 Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Germany View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message JetgirlyJoined: 17 Jul 2004Posts: 741 Posted: Thu May 18, 2006 9:27 pm Post subject: I just sent all my supporting documents to the nearest consulate and about a month later I received a passport in the mail. When I lived in Europe, I loved traveling through the Frankfurt airport and showing my German passport, because the Customs/Immigration people would always speak to me in German and I would look at them sweetly but blankly. They babble on for a bit, while I stood there looking lost, until they saw that my passport was issued by the Generalkonsulat - Vancouver. Back to top scot47Joined: 10 Jan 2003Posts: 15323 Posted: Fri May 19, 2006 5:56 am Post subject: Does that mean that you are proud of the fact that you don't speak German ? Back to top JetgirlyJoined: 17 Jul 2004Posts: 741 Posted: Fri Jun 02, 2006 6:47 am Post subject: I don't recall mentioning anything about pride. I can't really imagine why I would be "proud" of not knowing something. I found the situation entertaining. Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Germany All times are GMTGoto page Previous 1, 2, 3 Page 3 of 3 Jump to: Select a forum Where to Begin----------------General DiscussionNewbie ForumCurrent Events ForumTechnology ForumOnline Teaching Forum Africa Forums----------------General Africa Forum Asia Forums----------------CambodiaChina (Job-related Posts Only)China (Off-Topic)Hong KongIndiaIndonesiaJapanMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeTaiwanThailandGeneral Asia ForumVietnam Caribbean Forums----------------General Caribbean Forum Europe Forums----------------Czech RepublicFranceGermanyGreeceItalyMacedonia and the BalkansPolandRomaniaRussia & C.I.S.SpainTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomGeneral Europe Forum Latin America Forums----------------ArgentinaBrazilChileColombiaCosta RicaMexicoMexico (off-topic)PeruGeneral Latin America Forum The Middle East Forums----------------BahrainEgyptIsraelKuwaitOmanQatarSaudi ArabiaUnited Arab EmiratesGeneral Middle East Forum North America Forums----------------General North America Forum Oceania----------------Australia/New Zealand You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum This page is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. Contact Dave's ESL Cafe Copyright © 2018 Dave Sperling. All Rights Reserved. Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group Teaching Jobs in China


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Description:IBM X-Series 226 Xeon 2.8GHz 1MB 800fsb 1GBPart Number(s)
IBM Part# 8648-0AU
Overview:The IBM eServer xSeries 226 with Intel Xeon processor provides superb availability at a price that small and midsize businesses can afford. New support for 64-bit extensions through Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology helps protect investments for future growth. PCI-Express provides high-speed I/O enhancements to support 64-bit applications you may implement now or in the future.


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Welcome! Thank you for visiting the Events Calendar pages on Historia Vivens Web! Here You will find a wide selection of Living History & Reenactment events, historical and traditional festivals and fairs scheduled throughout Europe in December. Please click on the time period of interest as highlighted here below to access the relevant database of the upcoming events listed by countries.
Early Modern History (AD 1500-1700)
Napoleonic Age & Late Modern History (AD 1800-1900)
Image: "December" from the "Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry". Wild boar hunting with dogs. In the background is seen the Château de Vincennes, originally a hunting lodge turned then into a royal residence.
Thank you!
The "Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry", a real masterpiece of the Medieval manuscript illumination art (from the Latin "illuminare", meaning to adorn), is a "book of hours", i.e. a Christian devotional book widely used by lay people in the Middle Ages and containing readings, psalms, hymns and other prayers appropriate to each of the canonical hours (the liturgical division of day and night at regular intervals for the purpose of prayer). Book of hours were a shortened form of the monastic breviaries and finely illuminated with decorations and images. This artwork was commissioned in the 15th century AD by the French noblemen Jean Duc de Berry, famous art collector and patron, and is today kept in the Musée Condé, Chantilly, France. The rich and outstanding illumination was made by the Limbourg brothers (Herman, Johan and Paul), miniature painters from Nijmegen, Netherlands. The most notable feature is represented by the beautiful 12 full-page illustrations of the months, depicting the appropriate hemisphere with zodiac signs, days in solar and lunar calendar, saints and feasts, as well as vivid depictions of the courtly delights and the peasant labours typical of the season often against a background of remarkable architectures and landscapes.
Image: David praying in a garden at the foot of a tower, God is with him in the clouds. Source: Jean Colombe [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons.
Texts: Domaine de Chantilly, Wikipedia, Web Gallery of Art, WebMuseum, Britannica Enclyclopedia.


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Fishing Creek 2
Christopher Budny 7/12/2012 11:32:22 AMGreat water motion, Bob; that pop of vibrant green at the top is very nice too. #1474493
Bob Cammarata 7/15/2012 1:13:53 PMThanks Christopher.
Sorry for the belated response, but I just got back from a week in central Maine and had no access to e-mail.
The picturesque Fishing Creek has many moods. It's during the spring thaw (...or after a heavy summer rain), that this crystalline mountain jewel truly awakens and comes to life!
Bob #10230410
Michelle Alton 8/30/2012 3:18:53 AMA beautiful selection for POTD, Bob. I think your Insect photography is unbeatable and especially deserving of the limelight!
Congratulations! #10298626
Christopher Budny 8/30/2012 3:36:56 AMCongratulations on the POTD, too! #10298661
Katarina Mansson 8/30/2012 3:41:58 AMCongratulations on your beautiful POTD Bob! #10298671
Joy Rector 8/30/2012 4:31:42 AMcongrats on the POTD #10298737
Betty Ann Kelly 8/30/2012 4:38:50 AMLove it! Congrats! #10298749
Kathryn Wesserling 8/30/2012 4:43:01 AMLovely scene and terrific explanation, Bob. #10298757
JO ANN CLEVELAND 8/30/2012 8:10:46 AMCongrats on this awesome POTD Bob...the veiling is awesome!
jo ann c. #10299009
Patricia A. Casey 8/30/2012 8:35:35 AMCongratulations on a wonderful POTD...Cheers =^..^= #10299086
William C. Raco 8/30/2012 9:38:31 AMWow, this is a beauty, Bob
Usman M. Bajwa 8/30/2012 11:32:04 AMVery nice water veiling and love that green too, Bob. CONGRATZ on the POTD!
Nancy L. Green 8/30/2012 12:01:12 PMThis is WONDERFUL Bob, congratulation on a wonderful POTD!! <>< #10299572
Ann Lyssenko 8/30/2012 12:05:54 PMCongratulations on this wonderful experience of being in soft water in a gorgeous creek surrounding my senses with rushing water and glorious smells. Ann #10299583
Bob Cammarata 8/30/2012 1:01:18 PMThanks everyone for your nice comments on this (totally unexpected) POTD!
When it comes to shooting local scenics, Central Maryland's Fishing Creek, nestled within the Catoctin Mountains in Frederick County, is a perennial favorite.
Evy Johansen 8/30/2012 8:23:41 PMBeautiful image, Bob! Congratulations on your POTD!! #10300665
Lindley Johnson 9/1/2012 6:24:28 AMCongratulations on your beautiful POTD, Bob. Outstanding color, flowing water, and terrific POV! #10303318
Bob Cammarata 9/2/2012 11:33:31 AMMany thanks, Evy and Lindley! #10305411
Richard D. Love 9/6/2012 7:42:48 AMCongratulations, Bob. Wonderful light and sense of motion!
Rick #10311197
Nikkor 14 mm, Natural Light
Frederick County, Maryland
Exif: F Number: 20, Exposure Bias Value: 0.00, ExposureTime: 25/10 seconds, Flash: did not fire., White balance: Manual white balance, FocalLength: 14.00 mm, Model: NIKON D300
Uploaded on 6/30/2012 3:20:06 AM
Camera: Nikon D300 Digital SLR Camera
Copyright for this gallery photo belongs solely to Bob Cammarata. Images may not be copied, downloaded, or used in any way without the expressed, written permission of the photographer.
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Album!! Stay Tuned!!
Follow HEAT On Facebook @Mrfloridaave Heat Or On Twitter @Mrfloridaave ..." [m]
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European Commission
Brussels, 28 November 2012
Second Alert Mechanism Report on macroeconomic imbalances in EU Member States
What is the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure (MIP)?
Over the first decade of Economic and Monetary Union, a number of EU Member States witnessed a build-up of macroeconomic imbalances. These vulnerabilities proved to be highly damaging once the financial crisis set in. Against this background, the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure (MIP) was introduced in December 2011, as part of the so-called "six-pack" legislation, which reinforced the monitoring and surveillance of macroeconomic policies in the EU and the euro area. The aim of the MIP is to identify potential risks early on, prevent the emergence of harmful imbalances and correct the imbalances that are already in place. Surveillance of macroeconomic imbalances under the MIP forms part of the European Semester, which ensures integrated and forward-looking economic policy coordination in the EU.
The MIP has a preventive and a corrective arm. The preventive arm allows the Commission and the Council to adopt recommendations at an early stage before imbalances become excessive. The corrective arm triggers an Excessive Imbalance Procedure (EIP), which requires Member States to come forward with a corrective action plan. In order to ensure enforcement of the EIP, financial sanctions can be imposed on euro area Member States.
Which steps were taken during the first cycle of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure?
Implementation of the MIP started on 14 February 2012 when the European Commission presented its first Alert Mechanism Report (AMR). On that occasion, 12 EU Member States were identified as warranting further economic analysis in order to determine whether macroeconomic imbalances existed or risked emerging (IP/12/132, MEMO/12/104). These countries were Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Hungary, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom1. Subsequently, in-depth reviews were carried out on each of these Member States in order to examine the origin, nature and severity of possible macroeconomic imbalances. On 30 May 2012, the in-depth reviews were published.2 The analysis confirmed that these 12 Member States faced macroeconomic imbalances of different natures. The Commission considered that Spain and Cyprus were experiencing very serious imbalances, while the imbalances of France, Hungary, Italy and Slovenia were considered serious. None of these imbalances were deemed excessive (see below) in the sense of the procedure, but they all needed to be closely monitored (MEMO/12/388). Appropriate policy responses to these imbalances were integrated in the set of country-specific recommendations addressed to Member States under the European Semester, i.e. under the preventive arm of the MIP. These recommendations were endorsed by the European Council in June and subsequently adopted by the EU's Council of Ministers in July.
What is the Alert Mechanism Report?
The Alert Mechanism Report (AMR) is the starting point of the new cycle of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure (MIP). Based on a scoreboard of indicators, it is a filter to identify countries and issues for which an in-depth review is deemed necessary. It should be noted that there is no automatic or mechanical interpretation of the results of the scoreboard indicators in the AMR, and the selection of countries for an in-depth review takes into account all available information. The conclusions of previous in-depth reviews are also taken into account. Economic judgement ensures that all pieces of information are put in perspective.
On this basis, the Commission identifies Member States that show signs of potential macroeconomic imbalances or face challenges in adjusting to imbalances, and should therefore be looked into further. In these in-depth reviews, the driving forces behind the observed developments are analysed in detail with a view to determine the nature of the imbalances, and to judge whether they are persistent, aggravating or unwinding. After this in-depth analysis, the Commission may conclude that no harmful imbalances exist or it proposes a recommendation under the preventive or the corrective arm of the MIP, if appropriate (see below).
Which countries are analysed in the Alert Mechanism Report?
The Alert Mechanism Report (AMR) looks at all EU Member States except those that are subject to enhanced surveillance under economic adjustment programmes supported by official financing. This concerns Ireland, Greece, Portugal and Romania. The aim of this approach is to avoid duplication of procedure and reporting obligations.3
On which economic indicators is the scoreboard used in the Alert Mechanism Report based?
The scoreboard is made up of eleven indicators with a view to monitor external imbalances and competitiveness as well as internal imbalances (please see the individual indicators below). The indicators in the scoreboard allow an early identification of imbalances that emerge over the short term as well as of imbalances that arise due to structural and long-term trends. Indicative thresholds have been set for each indicator.
Compared to the scoreboard in the Alert Mechanism Report (AMR) of February 2012, which consisted of ten indicators, an additional indicator on the growth rate of financial sector liabilities has now been added. This eleventh indicator is intended to better capture the linkages between the real economy and the financial sector. The definitions of the other ten indicators have remained unchanged.
The design of the scoreboard is currently as follows:
External imbalances and competitiveness
Internal imbalances
What are the findings on overall macroeconomic developments in the EU?
There are positive signs that the adjustment of macroeconomic imbalances is progressing, as evidenced by the Commission's latest economic forecast (IP/12/1178). The reforms undertaken in many EU Member States appear to be bearing fruit. For example, saving rates in the private and public sectors and the economies as a whole have increased. Moreover, current account deficits are coming down in the countries with the largest external imbalances. This is supported by gains in competitiveness and by recent unit labour cost developments in several countries concerned, which point to more rebalancing down the road. However, it has to be noted that a compression of domestic demand and imports has also contributed to the reduction of current account deficits. Besides the adjustment in Member States with large current account deficits, the current account balances of several Member States in surplus have also been declining, albeit at a slower pace.
Although adjustment is taking place in many areas, there is still a long way to go before a complete and durable rebalancing is achieved. The adjustment of accumulated macroeconomic imbalances is however crucial to boosting economic growth and job creation in the medium and long term.
Which countries are identified as warranting an in-depth review in the new Alert Mechanism Report?
Based on the economic analysis and the scoreboard with 2011 data, the Commission considers that 14 Member States warrant an in-depth review. These include the 12 Member States that were considered to face imbalances in May 2012 (MEMO/12/388). In addition, the Commission finds that Malta and the Netherlands warrant an in-depth review. It is worth stressing that the Commission has not identified an imbalance at this stage, but is simply identifying the countries that deserve a more detailed analysis before reaching a conclusion.
Why does the Commission suggest taking a closer look at developments in Malta and the Netherlands?
On the basis of the updated scoreboard, and considering economic developments (for example the Commission's autumn forecast), the Commission considers that it would be useful to take a closer look at macroeconomic developments in Malta and the Netherlands to further examine potential risks.
Malta: Malta's financial sector requires closer investigation. Potential risks relate to the nexus of an extremely large financial system and the high exposure of the banks to the property markets, in combination with high private sector indebtedness. Moreover, the size of the financial system is very large.
The Netherlands: There is a need to investigate more in-depth the potential risks stemming from a very elevated level of private sector debt in combination with high house prices.
What will be the next steps following the Alert Mechanism Report?
The conclusions of the Alert Mechanism Report (AMR) will be discussed in the Eurogroup – if they concern euro area Member States – and in the ECOFIN Council. This enables the Commission to obtain appropriate feedback from Member States. The Commission is also looking forward to the contribution of the European Parliament and key stakeholders. Taking all the reactions into account, the Commission will prepare country-specific in-depth reviews in the coming months and present them in spring. This will involve a dialogue with the Member States concerned.
What is the possible outcome of an in-depth review?
An in-depth review does not automatically lead to a recommendation. The Commission's analysis could result in one of three different scenarios shown by the graph below.
Overview of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure:
1. If the situation is considered unproblematic, the European Commission will conclude that no further steps are necessary under the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure (MIP).
2. If the European Commission considers that a macroeconomic imbalance exists or could arise, it will come forward with the appropriate recommendations under the preventive arm of the MIP. The Member State concerned will be asked to correct the imbalance or prevent an imbalance from occurring. These recommendations would be presented in the context of the European Semester as part of the package of country-specific recommendations (May).
3. If the macroeconomic imbalances are considered severe or excessive and may jeopardise the proper functioning of the Economic and Monetary Union, the European Commission can recommend that the Council of Ministers places the Member State under an Excessive Imbalance Procedure (EIP), this is the corrective arm of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure. In this case, the Member State concerned will have to submit a 'corrective action plan' with a clear roadmap and deadlines for implementing adequate measures. Surveillance will be stepped up by the Commission on the basis of regular progress reports drawn up by the Member State concerned.
Are any sanctions planned to ensure that the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure is properly carried out?
There are no fines foreseen under the preventive arm of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure. However, if the Member State concerned does not take sufficient action to address imbalances identified in the scope of the in-depth reviews, it risks a further build-up of imbalances and the possibility of an Excessive Imbalance Procedure.
Under the Excessive Imbalance Procedure, financial sanctions (up to 0.1% of GDP) are foreseen for euro area Member States if the country concerned fails to comply with the recommended corrective action. It should be stressed that it is the failure to take agreed action that could be sanctioned, not the fact that the imbalance has not disappeared. A sanction can also be imposed for twice failing to submit a sufficient corrective action plan.
What is the legal basis of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure?
The Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure (MIP) is based on two Regulations. The first (Regulation 1176/2011) sets out the details of the new surveillance procedure and covers all 27 EU Member States. The second (Regulation 1174/2011) focuses on enforcement, including the possibility of sanctions, and only applies to euro area Member States.
For further information:
Please note that the programme countries (Ireland, Greece, Portugal and Romania) are not assessed in the Alert Mechanism Report, as they are already under enhanced economic surveillance.
The in-depth reviews of May 2012 are available at European Economy-Occasional Papers, 99 to 110, please see http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/occasional_paper/2012/index_en.htm.
Spain is discussed in the report, although it benefits from official financing for the recapitalisation of banks. Cyprus and Hungary are also discussed as negotiations for financial assistance have not yet been concluded. Once either of them becomes a programme country, the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure will be suspended and replaced by the programme monitoring reviews.
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Paper machines are the giants in the machine construction sector: Many of them are 200 meters long and 10 meters wide. In just a single minute, nearly 2000 meters of paper fly through the machine over rolls and cylinders at a speed of ca. 120 km/h. The rolling bearings installed in such a machine must meet extreme requirements: Moisture, very high temperatures, shaft deflections, high speeds and long running times. Only bearings that work with a very high degree of reliability make it possible to produce paper of the highest quality.


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Paul.davis needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 59 designs submitted by 16 freelance designers.
Familier (My Familier and Our Familier)
We are launching 2 location aware mobile applications designed to help individuals (My Familier), and families or small groups of friends (Our Familier) track and complete tasks. These tasks are the daily activities that occur in normal life. They can range from picking up the dry cleaning to remembering that people are supposed to take something to a location, like take a bottle of wine to friends for a cook out. We need a logo for these 2 products.
Busy people with lots of errands to run. Individual users, families and small groups.
The word familier is the latin origin of the word "familiar". A familiar is an animal spirit, guide or companion that helps a chosen individual with tasks or challenges that they face. Our initial research has noted that that the owl is generally considered to be a good helper and provides wisdom, advice and knowledge.
The logo needs to have a singular form to represent My Familier and a plural form to represent Our Familier. The logo needs to be an icon and include the name of the product 'My Familier' and 'Our Familier' for the single and plural forms of the logo rerspectively. We'd like the logo to work in it's entirety with the product name, and for the icon to also work on its own. The logo needs to be original, distinctive and represent friendly, trustworthy, helpful, dependable, knowledgeable.
We are looking for the logos to be used to represent the application on a mobile device as well as part of a web design.
Using the owl as a theme is one idea but we are looking for alternative ideas.
The files we will require are:
Print file format - .ai (CMYK)
Please do not use any stock images or clip art in the logo.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Did European Court Just Make Search Engines Illegal? 11-Word Snippet Can Be Copyright Infringement
from the bad-bad-bad-bad dept
While the online world is a little different, it's not too difficult to see how someone could make a case that a search engine is doing the identical thing to what the clipping company was doing here, and the question of whether or not the result is "transient" or "permanent" is entirely dependent on the end-user -- which was part of why the court found paper to be permanent:
"Since the data capture process is apparently not likely itself to destroy that medium, the deletion of that reproduction is entirely dependent on the will of the user of that process. It is not at all certain that he will want to dispose of the reproduction, which means that there is a risk that the reproduction will remain in existence for a longer period, according to the user's needs,"Certainly, you could say the same thing about a search engine result (the end-user could certainly store them -- or [gasp!] print them), and then you've got the same problem. No matter how you look at it, this is a bad ruling. It makes little sense from the perspective of publishers, clipping services, users or the entire online world.


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major macro economic indicators
|GDP growth (%)
|Inflation (yearly average, %)
|Budget balance (% GDP)
|Current account balance (% GDP)
|Public debt (% GDP)
(f): forecast
- Port activity (Rotterdam, leading European port)
- Good competitiveness indicators
- Diversified exports and external accounts in surplus
- High quality infrastructure
- High levels of household savings: net financial assets = 200% of GDP
- Economy reliant on European economic cycle
- Exposure to the UK; Brexit-related risks
- Households and banks reliant on property market
- Concentration of wealth in housing and pension funds; lack of liquidity
- Ageing population; high cost of healthcare
- High taxation of labour
Growth driven by internal demand and by expansionary fiscal policy
Activity is expected to continue to grow at a very dynamic pace in 2018, and is expected to be higher than 2% for the fourth consecutive year. The biggest growth contributions will likely be delivered by private consumption and investment, followed by public consumption. These trends are supported by an expansionary fiscal policy package, which was agreed on by the new four-party government. This package includes lower income taxes and higher expenditures in the areas of social affairs, defence, and education, and aims to attract higher private expenditures as well.
Household consumption is notably driven by very dynamic growth in employment, with an approximate 4% decrease of unemployment over the course of 2018. Investment outlays by corporations are driven by the fact that capacity utilisation rates reached their pre-crisis levels again. One key issue to observe carefully is the Dutch property market in liaison with the development of private household debt: House prices went up by more than 20% from mid-2013 and are back to their pre-crisis level. Despite the dynamic increase in house prices, this trend is probably not debt-driven, as total mortgage debt is hardly growing. Furthermore, household debt as a percentage of net disposable income is on a downward trend. According to OECD data, this ratio stood at 270.1% in 2016. Admittedly, this is a very high level in terms of international comparison, but it is almost 24 percentage points less than in 2010. The very good macroeconomic environment is reflected in the strong downward pressure on business insolvencies. Coface forecasts a fifth decrease in a row in 2018. Bankruptcies are expected to fall by 10%, after a decrease of more than 20% in 2017.
General government and current account balance in surplus
The Dutch economy is very open regarding trade, with exports of goods and services accounting for more than 150% of GDP, and the country being among the top ten exporters in the world. It mainly supplies agrofood products (plants, flowers, dairy products, meat, fruit and vegetables), chemicals, medication and medical equipment, refined oil, IT and telephone equipment, natural gas, agricultural and construction machinery, electrical and electronic components, equipment for printing and semi-conductor manufacture. However, half of these sales are re-exports, as the country acts as a hub for European trade. Although import growth is picking up due to dynamic growth in Dutch incomes, the trade surplus will likely remain above 10% of GDP. As perspectives for world trade improved significantly in 2017, Dutch exports have been boosted as well. Trade in services, together with transport, tourism, royalties, and services to businesses, will likely remain slightly in negative figures. The net financial account balance is negative, although FDIs in the Netherlands increased over the last two years. On the other hand, Dutch investment abroad was even higher. Finally, the current account surplus is expected to increase into double-digit area. Thanks to recurrent current account surpluses, the country can post a net creditor position equivalent to about 70% of GDP. Fiscal policy stance has been loosened with the formation of the new government, but despite planned higher government expenditures from 2018 onwards, the general government balance is expected to remain in surplus. As a consequence, general government gross debt decreased below the Maastricht threshold of 60% in 2017.
After long negotiations, a four-parties coalition was built up
Seven months after the general elections, the re-elected Prime Minister Mark Rutte was able to build a new government, comprised of his liberal VVD party, the left-liberal party D66, and the two Christian parties: CDA and Christenunie. This coalition has a majority of only one seat in the parliament in The Hague; and combined with wide-spread political interests across the four-party government, a premature break-up is within the realms of possibility. In such a difficult political environment, far-reaching reforms are highly unlikely.
Last update : January 2018
In the Netherlands, bank transfers are the most common payment method for both domestic and export business-to-business transactions. All Dutch banks are linked to the SWIFT electronic network, which provides low-cost, flexible and rapid processing of international payments. Direct debit and different centralised local cashing systems are also widely used.
Online sales are increasingly popular - as most companies now use digital banking software and due to the introduction of the Single Europe Payment Area (SEPA) within the European Union. As a result, cash and other payment methods are gradually disappearing.
Bills of exchange are not standard business practice and are rarely used in the Netherlands. They are generally perceived as a sign of wariness on the part of the supplier and thus incompatible with the climate of trust needed to maintain a healthy business relationship.
Cheques are rarely used. As they can only be cashed if they are covered, they are an unreliable means of payment. Issuing an uncovered cheque is not a criminal offence, but payees on the receiving end of bounced cheques do incur high bank charges. Under Dutch law, bills of exchange and cheques mainly serve to substantiate the existence of debt.
Debt collection
Amicable phase
A debt collection process usually begins and ends by sending the debtor a registered letter of demand for payment of the principal claim, accrued interest and extrajudicial costs. If the interest rates and/or costs have not been agreed by contract, Dutch law regulates the limits for both. If amicable actions do not result in full payment, the creditor can initiate legal action, in accordance with Dutch civil law.
Fast-track procedures
In urgent cases, claims can be submitted for a fast track procedure (kort geding). These proceedings resemble those of the regular civil court but, if convinced of the plaintiff's arguments, the judge (ruled by the President of the district court) delivers a verdict within a very short period of time - usually between 2 to 4 weeks. Using this somewhat simplified procedure, the judge often makes a temporary or provisional ruling for more urgent matters. If, subsequent to this provisional decision, the parties do not reach a final settlement on all issues, they then need to obtain a final judgement in a 'regular' civil suit (bodemprocedure).
The fast track procedure in the Netherlands differs from the (European) payment order procedure used in many other European states. It always requires the assistance of a lawyer and personal appearances by all parties before the judge. As this makes the fast track procedure rather expensive, it is seldom used in regular collection cases.
Ordinary proceedings
The regular civil court procedure is the most frequently used recourse of action. Claims of EUR 25,000 or less are heard in a cantonal court, while claims in excess of EUR 25,000 are presented before a civil law judge. The main difference in the civil law sector is that both the plaintiff and the debtor have to be represented by a lawyer, whereas in the cantonal sector, parties are permitted to argue their own cases. Both types of procedures begin with a bailiff serving the debtor with a writ of summons. In most cases, debtors do not contest the claim or appear in court. This results in a judgment by default being given, usually within four to six weeks. If the debtor does appear in court, the judge sets a date for them or their lawyer to prepare a written statement of defence (conclusie van antwoord). However, when appearing before a cantonal sector judge, debtors can represent themselves and plead their cases verbally. After the first plea, it is standard procedure for the judge to schedule personal appearances by both parties to obtain more information and to see if a settlement is possible. If not, the court can either pass judgement immediately or, in more complex cases, give the plaintiff the opportunity to deliver a replication (conclusie van repliek). The defendant can then reply by rejoinder (conclusie van dupliek). These proceedings take, on average, six to twelve months.
In addition to legal action or claiming retention of title (if stipulated), a seller of goods can often exercise his right of reclamation (recht van reclame) for unpaid goods. This requires the sending of a registered letter to the debtor in which this right is invoked and the contract is terminated. Ownership of the goods at stake is then legally returned to the creditor. This type of action necessitates the goods being in their original state. The letter must be sent within 6 weeks of the claim being due and within 60 days following delivery of the goods.
Winding-up proceedings
A third (and often effective) procedure for collecting payment is by filing a winding-up petition at the district court. This type of petition must be filed by a lawyer and the applicant needs to submit evidence of a payment default on an undisputed debt and of the existence of at least one other creditor having an undisputed claim of any kind (for example, commercial debt, outstanding alimony or taxes). The debtor is then formally notified by a bailiff that legal action has been initiated.
To avoid bankruptcy, the debtor can choose to appear in court to dispute the claim (or the fact that there are other creditors), or propose an out of court settlement. As most debtors try to reach a settlement, these proceedings are often cancelled before the date of the court hearing. Otherwise, and if there is sufficient evidence, the debtor is then declared bankrupt. Approximately 95% of all bankruptcies result in no payment being received by non-preferential creditors.
Retention of title and right of reclamation
Besides initiating legal action or claiming retention of title (if stipulated), sellers of goods can often exercise their right of reclamation (rencht van reclame) for unpaid goods. This entails sending the debtor a registered letter which invokes this right. The contract is thus terminated and by law, ownership of the goods returns to the creditor. This recourse of action does however required the goods to be in their original state. The registered letter must be sent within 6 weeks of the claim being due and within 60 days of the goods being delivered.
Enforcement of a legal decision
If a debtor does not voluntarily comply with a court decision, the creditor can initiate actions to enforce the judge's ruling. As most court decisions become effective immediately, creditors do not need to wait for the three month period of appeal to expire. Enforcement laws lay down statutory rules on coercive measures and how these measures can be applied. In the Netherlands, only bailiffs are authorised to levy enforcements and are instructed by the creditor. Two conditions need to be met before coercive measures begin. The bailiff must be in possession of a writ of execution (an original and enforceable judgment) and the party on which the enforcement will be levied must have prior official notification of the writ.
Court decisions rendered by other EU countries benefit from specific enforcement mechanisms, including the EU payment Order and the European Small Claims procedure. Decisions issued by non-EU countries can be recognised and enforced on a reciprocal basis, provided that the issuing country is part of a bilateral or multilateral agreement with the Netherlands. In the absence of such an agreement, an exequatur procedure can be carried out in the Dutch courts.
Insolvency proceedings
Restructuring proceedings
Corporate debt restructuring entails using the suspension of payments (surseance van betaling) procedure. The debtor is granted temporary relief from creditors, in order to allow them to reorganise, continue with business operations and ultimately satisfy their creditors' claims, all under the supervision of a court-appointed administrator. A plan is proposed and must be approved by two-thirds of the creditors representing three-quarters of the total outstanding debt.
Winding up proceedings
The debtor's assets are liquidated by the court-appointed trustee. This procedure commences when the debtor has ceased payments and the District court has declared the debtor bankrupt. If a creditor makes a request for the debtor to be declared bankrupt, there must be at least two creditors with overdue claims. However, when liquidation is requested by the debtor, evidence of additional creditors is not mandatory.
The trustee establishes a list of creditors, the debtor's assets are auctioned and the proceeds then distributed between the creditors.


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Product Highlights
The White, Pink, Yellow, Blue 058 5 x 7' Collapsible Background from Botero is a very functional and easily transportable background for many occasions. Whether for studio or location, this background collapses to a 1 m (39") circle. It sets up quickly and can be used for weddings, portraits or product photography. Botero backgrounds are a result of many years of hard work and dedication to improving the products in order to guarantee the quality that distinguishes Botero from other sources.
Continual participation in international events related to photography and publicity, has permitted Botero to stay up to date with current trends such as colors and textures.
Color depicted may vary slightly, due to differences in computer monitors, printed media, and variances in manufacturer's dyes or paints.
|White, Pink, Yellow, Blue
|5 x 7' (1.5 x 2.1 m)


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Shyne - Over Freestyle "Son. Who Are You Kidding/ B.I.G. Ain't Here, Now Shyne Is The Illest" [Audio]
Shout out to Andrew
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