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Voice and Singing Method Books, CDs and DVDs
Do you want to perform on stage? Are you a singer looking to improve your vocal skills?
We've hand-selected a number of vocal method books perfect for a broad range of vocalists with skills that include: music theory, proper diction, sight-singing, music performance and more!
Whether you're a professional singer or you're in a rock band, be sure to take a close look at these vocal method books to find the one that will work for you. What's the best part about picking up a method book for singers? You'll be able to hear the difference in no time!
Also see:
Piano Methods
Guitar Methods
Band Methods
Donna McElroy: The Ultimate Practice Guide for Vocalists (DVD):
In this Master Class, McElroy shows you how to use the whole body to become the best singer you can be. See her work with a vocal student one-on-one, demonstrating how to use different muscle groups to increase vocal strength and endurance. She also provides lifestyle tips and simple everyday exercises to help you cultivate and protect the source of your vocal power - and sing with more freedom, force and stamina.
The Contemporary Singer (Elements of Vocal Technique):
Covers all the essentials, including: an overview of the singing process, treating voice as an instrument, tips for getting started and overcoming stage fright, proper posture and breathing, tone, discovering resonance, belting, diction, maintaining vocal health, mic techniques, and exercises for all voice ranges and types on the accompanying CD.
The New Voice (How to Sing and Speak Properly):
This book is a valuable contribution to laryngeal knowledge and presents a concise profile of the anatomy of the larynx. Features exercises that will restructure the voice and teach the student a new way to handle the instrument.
Sight-Sing Any Melody Instantly:
Many voice students are incorrectly taught to sight-sing by memorizing the sounds of intervals. This book is for you if you'd like to be able to look at any melody and instantly know how it sounds. It will show you how to memorize the sound of each scale degree in both major and minor keys, sing chromatic tones, and much more.
The Private Voice Studio Handbook:
A practical user friendly text. Ideal for daily practice sessions, contains frequently used major, minor and rock guitar scale forms in evey key. Each scale is shown in numerous positions up the guitar fingerboard, and is carefully shown in diagram, notation, and tablature form.
The Choral Approach to Sight-Singing:
Here is an exciting easy-to-use sight-singing method for middle school/jr. high choirs that starts from square one, assuming no previous training. It is presented in a logical, sequenced order, with harmonically combinable exercises to develop rhythmic and melodic independence.
Vocal Technique - A Guide To Finding Your Real Voice:
Stop straining to hit those high notes! Unlock your true potential and start singing easily and effortlessly with this book/2-CD pack by Musicians Institute vocal instructor Dena Murray. Breathe naturally; improve your speaking voice; stop holding, pushing and squeezing; develop your natural three-octave range; place your chest and head voices; and bridge the registers to sound like one voice.
The Complete Voice and Speech Workout:
This valuable, first-of-its-kind resource contains 75 exercises for both solo and group work, contributed by some of the best professionals in the world. The exercises are divided into nine different areas: Getting to Know Your Voice; Stretching, Centering, Releasing, Aligning; Breathing and Supporting; Making Sound (Resonance and Articulation); Exploring Pitch; Projecting and Calling; Integrating Voice, Breath and Text and others.
Singer's First Aid Kit: Female Voice (Book/CD Pack):
This book/CD pack by veteran vocal coach Lis Lewis (Steve Miller, Herbie Hancock, Bobby McFerrin, Gwen Stefani) will help singers of all styles of music: warm up their voices, increase their endurance and range, correct bad habits, and sing longer and better! It is divided into two sections: The Singer's Troubleshooting Guide covers vocal health, finding the right teacher, practice, auditions, rehearsing, recording and performing.
Singer's First Aid Kit: Male Voice (Book/CD Pack):
This book/CD pack by veteran vocal coach Lis Lewis (Steve Miller, Herbie Hancock, Bobby McFerrin, Gwen Stefani) will help singers of all styles of music: warm up their voices, increase their endurance and range, correct bad habits, and sing longer and better! It is divided into two sections: The Singer's Troubleshooting Guide covers vocal health, finding the right teacher, practice, auditions, rehearsing, recording and performing.
The Estelle Leibling Vocal Course:
A method that has long been highly regarded among teachers and students alike. Each of these books consists of 3 parts: Part I describes the vocal mechanism and its function briefly and in simple, non-technical language. Part II consists of basic, fundamental vocalises carefully selected to develop the specific voices for which the book is written. Part III presents the important elements of diction in the 5 languages most commonly used in singing.
The Complete Choral Warm-Up Book:
A complete sourcebook for choral directors of all levels, as well as choral methods classes. Contains 211 warm-ups with information on usage, photos illustrating correct posture and vowel formation, and a well organized index to make finding the right warm-up a snap. Belongs in every choral director's library.
You Can Teach Yourself to Sing (Book/CD Pack):
This book will help you discover your 3rd powerful, trained singing voice through exercises that can be applied to any vocal style. Includes chapters on the voice as an instrument including care of the voice, the relationship between ones speaking and singing voice, and the cultivation of correct singing posture. You'll learn how to articulate and use the voice effectivley in different styles of singing as well as how to sing with a microphone.
Alfred's Teach Yourself to Sing - Enhanced CD
For beginners with no prior musical training. Learn the basics of singing including breathing, posture, warming up and more. Includes an easy and comprehensive approach to reading music. Please note this product is only the Enhanced CD. To order the book and CD together, search for product number KCAL11687.
Singing for Dummies:
Whether you?re a beginning vocalist or a seasoned songster, Singing for Dummies makes it easy for you to achieve your songbird dreams. Singing for Dummies gives you step-by-step instructions and lots of helpful tips, hints, vocal exercises, reminders, and warnings for both men and women.
Rock Singing Techniques (Book/CD Pack):
Everything a rock singer needs! Voice-strengthening exercises, songs that will extend your range, a list of equipment you need to sing with a band, and the low-down on what to expect when singing live or in a studio.
FastTrack Lead Singer Method - Book 1 (Book/CD Pack):
Transform your shower singing into some real talent! This cool book/CD pack teaches reading music, scales and different keys, and provides all the essential info on how to train your vocal cords. Plus, you'll learn warm-up techniques, tips on handling a microphone, breathing exercises, and many more helpful hints. The accompanying CD includes more than 80 recorded songs and examples.
FastTrack Lead Singer Method - Book 2 (Book/CD Pack):
Book 2 begins right where Lead Singer 1 ended - you'll learn more notes, rhythms, dynamics, cool new techniques, different musical styles, and much more. And of course, the last section of all FastTrack books (Guitar, Bass, Keyboard, and Drums) are the same so that you and your friends can form a band and jam together!
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PROVIDENCE, R.I. - On the final day of the Bruno Fall Invitational, that took place at Brown University from Saturday through Sunday, Sept. 14-15, the MIT water polo team fell to Cal Lutheran with a score of 11-8. The Engineers ended the weekend with a record of 1-3, after falling to host Brown and Pacific and winning against Connecticut College. MIT is now 2-5 for the season.
MIT started the game with a lead, ending the first quarter with a score of 3-1. As he has done in a handful of games so far this season, sophomore Kale Rogers (Newberg, Ore.) scored the first goal of the game just a minute in. This was followed by goals by freshman Patrick Everett (Ann Arbor, Mich.) and sophomore Ory Tasman (Orlando, Fla.).
Rogers was the lone MIT scorer in the second period, tallying his second goal of the game with four minutes remaining. Tasman and Everett notched their second goals in the third period and, by the end of that quarter, the Engineers still remained slightly ahead of Cal Lutheran with a score of 6-5.
During the fourth and final period, the Kingsmen scored six goals, however, taking the lead with only three minutes left on the clock. Junior Jack Clark (Laguna Beach, Calif.) and senior Andrew Dorne (Irvine, Calif.) scored MIT's final two goals, the last one being scored with a minute left on the clock, but the game ended with a Cal Lutheran victory.
Rogers, Tasman and Everett were the high goal scorers for MIT, tallying two goals apiece.
MIT will return to action on Saturday, Sept. 21 when it faces Iona College at 3:00 p.m. The next day, the Engineers will travel to Fordham University for a 10:00 a.m. game and then will head to St. Francis College (N.Y.) for a 4:00 p.m. game that same day.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Association for Progressive Communications (APC), Centro Internacional de Estudios Superiores de Comunicación para América Latina (CIESPAL) and Radialistas Apasionadas y Apasionados welcome the openness of the government of Ecuador towards exploring the implications of human rights online. "Although Ecuador did not explicitly mention internet-related human rights during its review, we're optimistic that it will work towards setting clear objectives to defend human rights on the internet," said Valeria Betancourt, APC's policy manager, from Geneva.
An Ecuadorian national, Betancourt has worked with César Herrera from CIESPAL and other civil society colleagues in Geneva to engage in constructive dialogue with several countries under review as part of the 13th session of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR), a process of the UN Human Rights Council that helps track human rights protection and violations in all countries.
"Ecuador stressed the importance of an accessible internet for enabling human rights," Betancourt said. After having met with part of the expert team that accompanies the Ecuadorian delegation in Geneva and hearing its human rights pledges for the years to come, Valeria Betancourt and César Herrera have agreed to work with the government and other civil society groups to deepen their understanding of access to the internet, freedom of expression, freedom of association and other fundamental human rights online. "We remain cautious, as concrete measures are not on the table right now, but we can be optimistic about cooperating constructively with Ecuador at the national level," Betancourt insisted.
Later this year, Frank La Rue, Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, is expected to land in Quito, Ecuador's capital, for talks with the government and civil society. "We see his visit as an opportunity to work with the government to put Ecuador's acknowledgement of the importance of the internet in practice," Betancourt added.
"The Ecuadorian government has our support in advancing internet related rights concretely in Ecuador's communities," Betancourt concluded while César Herrera indicated that "our presence in Geneva has opened the possibility to build a mutual commitment towards addressing internet-related rights in the long term." APC, CIESPAL and Radialistas see the UPR as a crucial venue to systematically assess progress in the respect for, promotion and defense of human rights on the internet at the national level.
The Association for Progressive Communications (APC) is an international network and non-profit organisation founded in 1990 that wants everyone to have access to a free and open internet to improve lives and create a more just world. www.apc.org
APC's campaign 'Connect Your Rights! Internet Rights are Human Rights' http://rights.apc.org
CIESPAL http://www.ciespal.net
Radialistas Apasionadas y Apasionados http://www.radialistas.net


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CALGARY, Alberta, Aug. 21 (UPI) -- Operations at the Athabasca oil sands project in Canada produced 500 million barrels since work began in 2003, operator Shell announced.
John Abbot, executive vice president for heavy oil operations at Shell, described the production mark as a milestone for North American energy security.
"The oil sands are a secure, reliable source of energy for North America and an economic engine which drives employment, training and business development across Canada and beyond," he said in a statement.
So-called oil sands in Canada make up the third-largest source of oil after Saudi Arabia. The crude oil type is controversial because it may be more corrosive than conventional crude oil. It's heavier than water, making potential cleanup operations difficult.
Safety factors have moved to the front of the debate over a series of pipelines that would carry Canadian oil. Political debates in the United States have focused on the Keystone XL pipeline planned from Alberta, while Canadian lawmakers have locked horns over the proposed Northern Gateway pipeline.
A tar sands release from the Lakehead oil pipeline system in Michigan in 2010 was the costliest onshore oil spill in U.S. history.
Shell said it plans to build a carbon capture and storage facility near Edmonton that could capture more than 1 million tons of carbon dioxide from tar sands production. The facility would go into service in 2015 if approved by federal authorities.


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NORTON, Mass. - The MIT men's swimming and diving team wrapped up the second day of the Wheaton Invite with first place finishes in every event except for two. The next time the Engineers will race will be in the NEWMAC championship, which will take place in the Zesiger Center pool from Thursday-Sunday, Feb. 14-17.
MIT opened the session with a first and second place finish in the 200 yard medley relay, with the A relay touching first in 1:34.79 and the B relay finishing soon after in 1:38.11, narrowly out-touching Tufts' A relay. The Engineers followed this up by sweeping first through third place in the 400 yard Individual Medley, with freshman Alex Lednev (Glenmont, N.Y.) leading the way with a time of 4:10.19. Classmates Thomas Norris (Cincinnati, Ohio) and Evan Olin (Ossining, N.Y.) finished in second and third with times of 4:13.37 and 4:13.56 respectively, leaving a 15 second gap between them and the fourth place finisher.
The Engineers' strongest event was the 100 yard butterfly, where they took 11 of the top 14 places. Sophomore Ben Bauchwitz (Hershey, Pa.) took the top spot with a time of 51.96, freshman Dion Low (Valparaiso, Ind.) came second with a 52.92 and senior Brendan Deveney (Newtown, Conn.) was third with a time of 53.15. Closing out the string of MIT swimmers was sophomore Austin Fathman (Hamilton, Mich.), who finished in 14th with a time of 55.58.
Senior Max Pruner (Sioux Falls, S.D.) came into the wall first in the 200 yard freestyle in 1:45.21, finishing over a second ahead of the second place finisher from Tufts. MIT took first and second place in the 100 yard breaststroke, with freshman Michael Fu (Rockville, Md.) touching first with a time of 1:01.23 and Deveney finishing second in 1:02.38. Senior Wyatt Ubellacker (Georgetown, Ky.) won his first event of the day, the 100 yard backstroke, when he touched in a 53.16. Junior Remy Mock (Victoria, British Columbia) had an impressive swim in the 1000 yard freestyle, touching 13 seconds ahead of the competition with his 10:00.86.
Other events in which the Engineers competed well in were the 200 yard breaststroke and the 200 yard butterfly. In the breaststroke, junior Michael Liao (Newport Beach, Calif.) came out on top with a 2:08.43, Fu came second with a time of 2:13.58 and Mock came third in 2:15.89. In the butterfly, MIT, once again, took the first three spots. Junior Timothy Wall (Newtown, Pa.) touched first in 1:55.72, Ubellacker was second with a time of 1:56.19 and Olin was third in 1:56.48.
In the final event of the invite, the 400 yard medley relay, the B relay finished in second place with a time of 3:13.67, finishing just slightly behind Tufts' A relay, which touched in 3:13.33. MIT's A relay came in third place with a 3:15.16.
MIT will return to the pool on Friday, Feb. 15 for the first session of the NEWMAC championship meet.


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2 Jun 2018 | History
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Finite Element Analysis - A Universal Tool for Engineering Analysis
a joint workshop organised in association with DesignSpokes Software and Services Ltd.
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has become widely used and universally accepted analysis procedure in all engineering sectors and science branches be it mechanical, civil, aerospace or physics, chemistry etc. In the present day scenario of such development, engineers and scientists can derive good benefits from such techniques by learning the strengths and shortcomings of this method. The 2-day workshop aims for interactions with industry experienced professionals.
This workshop offers excellent guidance on how to do FEA, which of the approximations are acceptable and appropriate, errors and their elimination, validation and quality aspects etc. for a wide range of engineering analysis problems. Of equal importance is the manner in which the results are interpreted and suggestions based on results are provided, which allows the correct and reliable decisions to be taken. The workshop is completely independent of commercially available CAE codes .
Importance of workshop for the organizations using FEA
The salient aspects of this workshop are –
- The subject matter will be handled by experienced professionals of FEA.
- This course will offer vital guidance in solving the practical problems.
- The methods of verifying and validating the FEM results will be demonstrated with real world case studies.
- The globally recognized NAFEMS benchmark standards for FEM will be explained.
- Each participant will be provided with quality training notes.
Overall, this programme is designed to enhance the functional knowledge of young FEA users in the practical application of FEA.
Who Should Attend?
This course is aimed at practicing engineers who wish to learn more about how to apply finite element techniques to their particular problems in the most effective manner. This workshop addresses the needs of those industries wherein FEA jobs are regularly carried out. The contents of this programme are specially designed keeping the needs of the junior and middle level analysts who have to apply FEA techniques for solving practical stress analysis problems.
The workshop is open to all including members and non-members of NAFEMS.
For further information, and to register your attendance please contact NAFEMS India directly using the details below -
Elangovan Kariappan
NAFEMS India
Tel: +91 80 25618798
Fax: +91 80 25618789


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GREEN BAY, Wis.—The Green Bay Packers have locked up another defensive starter, signing safety Morgan Burnett to a long-term extension.
Burnett's extension, reported by NFL.com to be worth $24.75 million over four years, follows earlier offseason deals with linebackers Clay Matthews and Brad Jones. Burnett had been due to be a free agent following the 2013 season.
With Charles Woodson missing most of last season with a broken collarbone, Burnett took charge of the Packers secondary. He led the team with 123 tackles, and was one of only two defensive players in the NFL to play every snap. Burnett also had two sacks, two forced fumbles and two interceptions—both against the Minnesota Vikings.
In three seasons with the Packers, Burnett has 244 tackles and six interceptions.


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Painted Palette®
Sort By:
Designer Cut-Outs, Painted Palette® Leaves, 3"
6 designs per pack. 36 pieces. 3 designs.
Designer Cut-Outs, Painted Palette® Stars, 10"
These versatile jumbo cut-outs are perfect for enhancing bulletin boards, rooms, hallways, and common areas! Great for crafting projects, displaying photos and work, making covers for books, holiday and seasonal decorating, and more!
- 10" x 10"
- 12 per package
- 3 designs
Painted Palette® Numbers 0-30 Mini Bulletin Board Set
This set features a rainbow of colors in paint chip style making a simple but colorful display. Each 5 1/4" x 6" number card expresses the number in three different ways: written form, numeral form, and 10-frame form. Total number line length is approx. 13 1/2'. 62 pieces.
Painted Palette® Ombré Orange Scallops Border
Add excitement to bulletin boards or windows with this unique border!
- 2¾" wide
- 35 feet per package
Painted Palette® Rainbow Herringbone Border
Multi Herringbone Border. 35' per package.
Painted Palette® Rainbow Paint Chips Border
Make a fabulous addition to your classroom decor with these beautifully detailed borders! 23⁄4" x 35'.
Showing 1 to 6 of 6 (1 Pages)


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You are here: Home » Archives for November 2011
London Olympics Hotels Archives
If you can't find what you are looking for, try searching for it below:
By Dave
Tuesday November 29, 2011
By Dave
Friday November 4, 2011
Discover all of the best hotels and accommodation available for the London Olympics in 2010. Find cheap offers and deals on all London Hotels, Bed and Breakfasts, Hostels and Appartments that are not available from anywhere else!
Be the first to hear about special offers from all of the leading hotel chains as well as small guest houses and B&Bs in the London area.
© 2010 Copyright London Olympics Hotels


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Brisbane's BNI Riverside group meet every Wednesday morning at the United Service Club and we generate thousands of dollars in business every month from high quality referrals. Join us as a visitor and see how 30+ complementary businesses work together and network in a relaxed, supportive and professional atmosphere.
What are my transport/parking options for getting to and from the event?
Free parking is available around the venue. Central Station is a 300m walk away.
What's the refund policy?
Attendees can receive refunds up to 1 day before the event start date.
When should I book?
Bookings close off at 12 noon on the Tuesday before each Wednesday's meeting.


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Printable patriotic cupcake wrappers in red, white and blue. Make your cupcakes for Memorial Day and the 4th of July really special. Printable Star cupcake picks to make in red and blue for cupcake toppers. For other Holiday cupcake wrappers.
Items needed:
- Heavyweight printer paper
- Scissors
- Tape
- Print wrapper on paper.
- Cut out, then wrap around cupcake, trimming bottom edge if too high for your cupcakes.
- Tape in place, leaving original baking paper on cupcake.
For fun foods to go along with your special holiday cupcakes.


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jetsetwilly wrote:chapcrap wrote:Here are the games we had prepared for AOC:
6-2 AOC Halloween and Dark Continent for you guys !
Let's do it!! I'll start some private games!!
merch313 wrote:jetsetwilly wrote:t4mcr53s2 wrote:CAN MAPS USED IN HOME GAMES VS AOC be reused as they have pulled out?
Yes they can.
Yes I have PM'd that also to you.
Yeah, merch did PM about it.


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Healthcare Assistant HCA
- Recruiter
- Nurseplus
- Location
- Yarlet
- Salary
- £9.00 per hour
- Posted
- 18 Apr 2018
- Closes
- 28 May 2018
- Sector
- Health & Medical
- Contract Type
- Full Time
Nurse Plus are looking for experienced and reliable Healthcare Assistants to provide person centred care to clients within local Residential and Nursing homes
You would be playing a pivotal role in providing excellent support and care for clients including, personal care, medications, daily activities and assist residents to lead a more fulfilled life.
This position requires a natural friendliness and ability to engage with service users; therefore we are looking for Healthcare Assistants with a caring and compassionate nature to ensure service users are comfortable and happy.
Salary: Competitve pay £9.00 - £14.80 per hour, weekly pay.
Your daily tasks could include:
- Helping service users to undertake personal tasks, including washing, showering, and using the toilet.
- Serving food and helping them to eat if needed.
- Changing sheets and making beds.
- Using equipment to lift and move service users
- Talking/Listening to service users to ease loneliness and feelings of isolation.
- Turning service users who are required to spend a lot of time in bed, in order to avoid bed sores.
- Notifying healthcare professionals if temperatures, pulse rates, or respiration rates seem abnormal or worrying
Hours: Nurse Plus offer flexible work. Full or part time. Early, late, long day and night shifts are available.
Essential Criteria
- Care experience is essential
- You must have the right to work within the UK.
- You must be able to communicate effectively and have the ability to understand and be understood, both verbal and written
- Be working towards or willing to work towards recognised Health and Social Care qualifications
- You must have patience, tact and understanding
Benefits of working for Nurse Plus:
- Flexible Hours -To suit your needs, full or part time, days, evening, weekends
- Excellent Weekly Pay- from £9.00 per hour inc holiday pay
- FREE Training - In-line with Care Certificate
- FREE Uniform after completion of training
- FREE DBS *terms apply
- Refer a friend scheme - Earn £100 for every friend you refer *Terms apply.
- Reputable Agency -Established since 2005
- Full support - Expert training, supervision and ongoing support
- Full career development support - Nurse Plus is a growing company with a variety of opportunities for career progression
About us
Nurse Plus is a national company with over 50 branches across the UK. We are committed to support our workforce to ensure they have the right skills to do their job and enable them to develop themselves and their careers.
Apply today, immediate interviews available.
Equal Opportunity Employer


text: Merchandise Warehouse Worker Friday, December 07, 2018 Chico, California Temporary US$ 11.00 - US$ 12.00 per hour Put Your Warehouse Merchandising Skills to Work! Searching for an exciting light industrial opportunity that will keep your career progressing? Spherion-, a locally owned staffing company, is seeking dependable, safety-focused light industrial staff ... see job description


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|2003-12-11, 14:23
|Link #1
Senior Member
General Discussion on the Shichibukai [Manga]
Ok, this is for manga followers only.
If you've read all current released chapters, we know he most of the shichibukai members are now. What we don't know is who are the ones not revealed, and what their powers will be.
Also, what about the revealed members, who we've yet to see/in action. If Arlong was that strong, and he was a member of Jinbei's crew, its safe to assume he's going to be incredibly strong too.
|2003-12-11, 19:12
|Link #4
merely a ghost
Uh... we just know 4 members of the Shichibukai until now. 4 out of 7.
Mihawk, Lofulamingo, Crocodile and that Bear guy. The rest we've yet to see.
And we don't know the powers of the resting members besides Crocodile and Mihawk. Lofulamingo seems to be a swordsman, Bear dude seems to be some kind of priest. We don't know if any of them ate a Devil Fruit like Crocodile.
|2003-12-12, 21:13
|Link #7
Senior Member
No, the Shichibukai are very seperate, up to the point where they don't like each other. Also, i think Lofulamingo's power is to be able to control people, although it hasn't been shown if this is actually his power, just hinted at. Jinbei is also part of the shichibukai, don't forget.
|2003-12-12, 21:42
|Link #8
Senior Member
Join Date: Nov 2003
O i c, good since I thought if they had some sort of bond then Luffy crew vs Mihawk. I wouldn't like that to happen. It would be cool to just be a duel between Zoro and Mihawk. Oh yeah, is that wind guy that show up in Loguetown one of them also? Dude is really strong. I haven't seen him since then. And I saw up to 110 with raw or bad sub
|2003-12-13, 00:41
|Link #9
Blue Pheasant
Join Date: Dec 2003
I'm glad i'm not the only one who remembers about the "wind guy in loguetown"...the guy who
|2003-12-13, 01:05
|Link #11
Uber Coffee for da win!
Join Date: May 2003
Location: Middle of insanity
They're probubly only sanctioned by the gov for the simple reason that the gov would rather have them on their side than have to fight them. Cause if they're as powerful as I think they are, the marines would get wiped out very easily. Heck, Milhawk did a perty good job totally F'ing up that one guy's entire fleet. Of course Luffy totally kicked his *** sky high, so I guess what Milhawk did was just warmup for the main event. ^_^;;
|2003-12-13, 01:08
|Link #12
Join Date: Nov 2003
the marines have some strong ppl too. Smoker might have been able to take care of crocodile himself. The head of the marines might be one hell of a strong guy. Remember the marines' headquater is in the Grand Line. The government ALLOWS the shichibukais to exist, if the shichibukai is THAT strong all they have to do is destroy the marines completely. Then THEY rule the seas with nothing to stop them, at all, no matter wat. They only have to worry about other pirates.
btw: isnt it odd... wat government does this Marine serve? Each country seems to have their own kingdom, so wat is this super gov that the marines are under?
|2003-12-13, 03:50
|Link #13
Uber Coffee for da win!
Join Date: May 2003
Location: Middle of insanity
Hmm, I haven't figured that one out either. My only guess is that the world government works something like how the federation does in star trek. Each kingdom is sovereign, but each contributes a certain percentage to a world body who in turn operates a huge land and naval force to keep world piece. Each country is allowed to have a small local police force sized army, but nothing more. The marines, and I suspect the army, although it's existance hasn't been proven yet, provide the rest of the security.
The Federation is Star Trek is about the closest comparison I can come up with for how the world government works in OP. At least that's what I've picked up so far from the 73 episodes I've seen so far.
|2003-12-13, 04:19
|Link #14
Join Date: Nov 2003
|2003-12-14, 16:37
|Link #20
Master(Vicious)'s Padawan
Join Date: Nov 2003
Damn what was that Mihawk strong damn He can destroy a damn goddamn fleet so easily and wtf he just owned Zorro sooooo bad.I don't get this if Shichibukai is so strong why can't they find the One Piece?! Is it not on a Island or something??
|Thread Tools


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Foods that constipate are generally SAD foods. "Sad about what?" you may ask.
"SAD" is short for the Standard American Diet. And the name "SAD" fits because our U.S. diet is high in foods that cause constipation, such as non-nutritive sugars, unhealthy fats and refined grains that are low in fiber. These SAD foods and constipation problems go hand in hand.
Foods that Cause Constipation
Since straining to pass dry, hard stools is no fun, constipation is absolutely no laughing matter.
Even occasional constipation can cause indigestion, gas, halitosis and hemorrhoids. And constipation and the foods that constipate can also lead to other serious health problems.
But fortunately, there are four basic natural constipation home remedies. Doing these four things can help you to relieve constipation problems forever:
1. Increase water intake.
2. Eat more high fiber foods.
3. Expand your physical activity.
4. And avoid foods that constipate.
Low fiber foods, foods high in saturated fats and processed foods that have had the fiber and nutrients removed are the main foods that constipate. Here's a list of foods that have been shown to cause constipation problems:
- Deep-fried foods, chips and other foods high in bad fats,
- Dairy Products, such as cheese, ice cream and whole milk,
- Meats, especially fatty meats, red meat and processed meats,
- Refined grains, like white rice or any refined white flour products,
- Highly starchy foods white potatoes, corn and any refined grains,
- Fast Foods burgers, pizza, French fries and most other fried foods,
- Refined foods from the sugar list, such as cakes, cookies and pastries.
And the list of constipation causing medications is very long and often overlooked. They include prescriptions for depression, high blood pressure, Parkinson's disease and even laxatives, when used frequently.
Foods that Relieve Constipation
Since diet and constipation go hand in hand, by switching to the healthy foods below you can make a huge impact on solving any constipation problems you may have.
- Fruits and vegetables Most foods high in fiber that are on the list of whole fruits and healthy vegetables help to relieve constipation. Those fruits and vegetables that are especially high in fiber are apples with the skin, apricots, blackberries, peaches, prunes, raspberries, strawberries, cabbage, raw carrots, beets, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts.
- Beans, whole grains, nuts and seeds Foods from the lists of beans, whole grains and nuts also help to relieve constipation. Try kidney and lima beans, oatmeal, sprouted whole grain breads and cereals, almonds, peanuts, walnuts, sesame and sunflower seeds.
- Water Getting enough healthy fluids is essential for relieving constipation. And when you increase your fiber intake, your water intake needs to increase too. Drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses a day.
- Yogurt The beneficial organisms that are found in healthy probiotic foods like yogurt help you to properly digest what you eat and protect you from colon and bowel diseases. Unlike cheese and milk, low-fat yogurt doesn't constipate. And it provides the calcium you need to reduce your risk of developing colon cancer.
- Fiber supplements Psyllium husks, fruit and vegetable fiber and oat, rice and wheat bran soak up huge quantities of liquid. And when combined with plenty of water, fiber supplements can help you to have softer, bulkier, easier to pass stools. It's a great way to make sure you get all the fiber you need to prevent and relieve constipation.
Be sure to subscribe to my free Natural Health Newsletter.
Click here for the Site Map.
Articles you might also enjoy:
Why Is Drinking Water Important?
High Fiber Food Chart with Rankings
The Low GI Diet of Low Glycemic Foods
Regular Physical Activity Benefits for Health
To subscribe to the Natural Health Newsletter, just enter your email address in the subscribe box at the bottom of this page.
© Copyright by Moss Greene. All Rights Reserved.
Note: The information contained on this website is not intended to be prescriptive. Any attempt to diagnose or treat an illness should come under the direction of a physician who is familiar with nutritional therapy.


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Alaska STOL competition
Each year the nation's best tailwheel pilots and manufacturers compete for the shortest takeoff and landing at the Alaska STOL Competition at the Valdez Fly-In, Alaska. Reputations are on the center line. Suffice it to say these aircraft will land on any average home driveway without hitting the car already parked there.


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The 1848 Cincinnati Panorama
Patricia Van Skaik gave an excellent opening presentation that detailed the panorama and what they are doing with it in a digital world. If you missed the opening presentation, check out her TEDxCincy talk that covers most of it. Also take some time to explore the 1848 Cincinnati Panorama website and see what details they have attached to the image. It's amazing how much you can see on such a small image and how much we can add to it with our research.
The Indiana Genealogical Society Booth
I spent a lot of time at the IGS booth signing up new members and answering Indiana research questions. I had a great team helping me and allowing me to attend my carefully attended sessions. It was great to meet so many people from across the US with an interest in their Indiana ancestors. We also signed up a bunch of people to our free e-newsletter. You can sign up too by inputting your email into the box on the top right of the IGS homepage.
Genealogy Buddies
I was thankful to have lunch covered by other IGS board members so that I could spend some time with my genealogy buddies. My lunch crew seemed to consist of Linda McCauley, Laura Cosgrove Lorenzana, Susan Clark and Becky Wiseman, plus or minus a few others.
I also was able to meet lots of new friends and spend some time with people I have met at other conferences. Hanging out with my genealogy buddies is my favorite part of genealogy conferences.
The Potholder
But flipping it over, revealed a Techtrap. It should come in handy with future genealogy travels.
Genealogy Education
Even though I spent a lot of time at the IGS booth, I also made sure that I could attend some great sessions over the conference's 4 days. I highly recommend all the lectures that I attended:
- Focusing on Pathways 'cross the Ohio River with J. Mark Lowe
- Using Kentucky Equity and Criminal Court Cases to Complete Your Research with Gail Jackson Miller
- Orphans No More: Records of the Indianapolis Orphan Asylum 1851-1941 with Harold Henderson
- Documentation: The What, Why and Where with Thomas W. Jones
- Ohio Cousins May Have Migrated: Did Family Records Go Along? with Paula Stuart-Warren
- Research Reports for Ourselves: More than a Research Log with Paula Stuart-Warren
- Information Overload? Effective Project Planning, Research, Data Management & Analysis with Elizabeth Shown Mills
- The Nuts and Bolts of Publishing Your Family History with M. Theresa Baer and Rachel M. Popma
The Meeting of The Moms
A conference in Cincinnati meant free room and board with my parents. It also meant bringing my mom downtown on Saturday to meet my friends, experience the genealogy scene and have lots of people tell her how wonderful I am. My mom was also able to meet my genealogy mom, Linda McCauley. J. Mark Lowe, Who Do You Think You Are? genealogy celebrity, was even kind enough to meet my mom and take a picture with both of my moms.
These are just a few highlights from an excellent week. Thanks NGS for a great conference! My next conference is Midwestern Roots in Indianapolis on July 20 and 21.


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HD WDR PoE Day/Night Fixed Network Camera
- Product Status: Phased Out
Alle Verkooppunten
The DCS-3710 HD WDR PoE Day/Night Fixed Camera is a high-end professional IP surveillance solution suitable for locations requiring uncompromising security. WDR and ICR technologies ensure that the images captured by day or night are clear and sharp.
High resolution surveillance
The camera employs a 1/3" Megapixel progressive CMOS sensor with low Lux sensitivity to deliver a truly superior image quality. It also features a high-end vari-focal auto iris Megapixel lens by Computar, maintaining high contrast, brightness and sharpness across the entire image plane, especially in the corners of the image.
Day & night operation
A built-in Infrared Cut Removable (ICR) filter can be manually applied via the web GUI, or set to automatically adjust according to lighting conditions. This feature enables the camera to capture crisp colour images during the daytime, and grayscale images in low-light. In addition, the camera includes Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) technology, which provides clear images with a good level of detail even when the camera is hit with strong backlight, for example when facing intense sunlight that may be streaming in through a nearby window.
Multiple video streams
Up to 3 video profiles may be configured with different settings for simultaneous operation. The DCS-3710 supports two modes of video compression, MPEG-4 and MJPEG. The latter delivers excellent file integrity, providing a high-quality option, while the former is more bandwidth-efficient with small file sizes, ideal for extended recording or mobile viewing. Additionally, the DCS-3710 supports multicast MPEG-4 streaming allowing users to view contact by subscribing to a multicast IP address on the network. You can enable streaming over the HTTPS protocol for a more secure viewing.
Recording and storage
The DCS-3710 incorporates an SD card slot for local storage, allowing up to 3 days video data1,2. With the built-in Samba client, software is not required to record the action directly on to a network storage device. Alternatively, you can record videos to a Network Video Recorder (NVR), such as the D-Link DNS-722-4 or DNS-726-4. These devices can control multiple cameras and support RAID-1 for backup of the video footage.
A versatile solution
You can also build a complete security system around the camera, by connecting it to I/O sensors and alarms and set up the system to send automated e-mail notifications for unusual events. Other interfaces include RS-485, for connection to an optional pan/tilt enclosure, effectively adding pan/tilt functionality to the DCS-3710, and a 12V DC power output for an optional LED illuminator.
Easy to set up with wired PoE access
The DCS-3710 complies with the IEEE 802.3af Power Over Ethernet (PoE) specification. This allows the camera to be powered directly from a PoE Ethernet switch, giving you the freedom to place the camera anywhere you need, including high walls and covert locations.
Remote monitoring
The DCS-3710 also features 3G mobile video support, enabling you to view a live video feed from the camera on a compatible 3G mobile phone or PDA anywhere in your 3G coverage area.
Open Network Video Interface Forum (ONVIF) compliant
The Open Network Video Interface Forum (ONVIF) is standards relating to open IP video networking. The DCS-3710 is ONVIF compliant and therefore interoperable with other manufacturer's products on the same network such as cameras, storage systems, video analytics products and Video Management Systems. For more information on ONVIF and compatible D-Link network cameras, please click here.
Centralised management with D-ViewCam™
The included D-Link D-ViewCam™ (DCS-100) is a sophisticated video management software which enables you to manage up to 32 network cameras, set e-mail alert notifications, create recording schedules, and trigger motion detection to record directly to your hard drive or network folder. D-ViewCam™ also allows you to upload a floor plan of your premises, and create a realistic layout according to the locations of your cameras, further simplifying the management process.
1 card not included
2 using a 32 GB SD card at a video bit rate of 500 kbps
Actual product appearance may differ from the image displayed on this page
Technical Specifications
Camera Hardware Profile
- Sony Exmor 1/4" 1.3 Megapixel progressive CMOS sensor
- Minimum illumination: 0.4 lux (Color); 0.04 lux (B/W)
- 10X digital zoom
- DC iris varifocal lens: 3.5 mm to 8 mm
- Built-in Infrared-Cut Removable (ICR)
- Aperture F 1.4
- Angle of view
- 35.4° to 77.6° (H)
- 26.6° to 57.6° (V)
Image Features
- Configurable image size, quality, frame rate, and bit rate
- Time stamp and text overlays
- Configurable motion detection windows
- 3 configurable privacy mask zones
- Configurable brightness, saturation, white balance, shutter speed, contrast, and sharpness
Video Compression
- Simultaneous H.264/MPEG-4/MJPEG format compression
- H.264/MPEG-4 multicast streaming
- JPEG for still images
Video Resolution
- 16:9 - 1280 x 720, 800 x 450, 640 x 360, 480 x 270, 320 x 176, 176 x 144 up to 30 fps recording1
- 4:3 - 1280 x 1024, 1280 x 960, 1024 x 768, 800 x 600, 640 x 480, 480 x 360, 320 x 240, 176 x 144 up to 30 fps recording1
Audio Support
- GSM-AMR speech encoding, bit rate: 4.75 kbps to 12.2 kbps
- G.726 audio encoding, bit rate: 8 kbps to 64 kbps
- MPEG-4 AAC audio encoding, bit rate: 16 kbps to 128 kbps
External Device Interfaces
- 10/100 BASE-TX Fast Ethernet port
- 2 DI / 1 DO interface
- 12 V DC, 200 mA Output
- Audio input/output
- Video Output
Network Protocols
- IPv4
- DHCP client
- NTP client (D-Link)
- DNS client
- DDNS client (D-Link)
- SMTP client
- FTP client
- Samba client
- PPPoE
- UPnP port forwarding
- IP filtering
- ONVIF compliant
- Administrator and user group protection
- Password authentication
- HTTP and RTSP digest encryption
System Management
System Requirements for Web Interface
- Operating system: Microsoft Windows, XP, Vista, 7
- Browser: Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome
Event Management
- Motion detection
- Tamper detection2
- Event notification and uploading of snapshots/video clips via HTTP, SMTP or FTP
- Supports multiple HTTP, SMTP and FTP servers
- Multiple event notifications
- Multiple recording methods for easy backup
Remote Management
- Take snapshots/video clips and save to local hard drive or NAS via web browser
- Configuration interface accessible via web browser
Mobile Support
- Devices with 3GPP playback support
D-ViewCam™ System Requirements
- Operating system: Microsoft Windows 7/Vista/XP
- Web browser: Internet Explorer 6 or higher
- Protocol: standard TCP/IP
D-ViewCam™ Software Functions
- Remote management/control of up to 32 cameras
- Viewing of up to 32 cameras on one screen
- Supports all management functions in web interface
- Scheduled motion triggered, or manual recording options
- 560 g
- 802.3af PoE
Power Consumption
- Operating: -10 to 40 °C
- Storage: -20 to 70 °C
- Operating: 20% to 80% non-condensing
- Storage: 5% to 95% non-condensing
- C-Tick
- 80.0 x 52.9 x 180.4 mm
- How do I add a camera in D View Cam v3 x Lees antwoord
- How do I setup the D ViewCam Mobile app with a PC running D ViewCam Lees antwoord
- How do you setup Motion Detection Recording in D ViewCam Lees antwoord
- How do I change the storage location in D ViewCam v3 x Lees antwoord


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4Got10 Movie HDMovie 4Got10 Online Streaming with duration 84 Min and broadcast on 2015-09-11 with MPAA rating is 3.
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Fayette County, Pennsylvania Genealogy
Guide to Fayette County, Pennsylvania ancestry, family history and genealogy courthouse sources including birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, wills, deeds and land records, Civil War records, Revolutionary War records, family histories, cemeteries, churches, tax records, newspapers, and obituaries.
|Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Location in the state of Pennsylvania
Location of Pennsylvania in the U.S.
|September 26, 1783
|County Seat
| Fayette County Courthouse
61 East Main St.
Uniontown, PA 15401
Fayette County Website
- 1 Fayette County Pennsylvania Historical Facts
- 2 Description
- 3 Fayette County Pennsylvania Genealogy Resources
- 3.1 Bible Records
- 3.2 Biographies
- 3.3 Cemeteries
- 3.4 Census
- 3.5 Church Records
- 3.6 Court Records
- 3.7 Emigration and Immigration
- 3.8 Ethnic Groups
- 3.9 Gazetteers
- 3.10 Genealogy
- 3.11 History
- 3.12 Land and Property
- 3.13 Maps
- 3.14 Migration
- 3.15 Military
- 3.16 Naturalization and Citizenship
- 3.17 Newspapers
- 3.18 Occupations
- 3.19 Periodicals
- 3.20 Poorhouse, Almshouse
- 3.21 Probate Records
- 3.22 Repositories
- 3.23 Taxation
- 3.24 Vital Records
- 4 Fayette County Pennsylvania Genealogy Websites
- 5 Fayette County Pennsylvania Places
- 6 Fayette County Pennsylvania Genealogy References
Fayette County Pennsylvania Historical Facts
|Beginning dates for major county records
Parent Counties: Formed from Westmoreland County 26 September 1783.[1]
County Seat: Uniontown
Neighboring Counties: Fayette County residents may also have records in [2]
- Westmoreland
- Somerset
- Greene
- Washington
- Preston County, West Virginia
- Monongalia County, West Virginia
- Garrett County, Maryland
The county is named after Revolutionary War hero, the Marquis de Lafayette (1757-1834).[3]
The county was named after the Marquis de Lafayette. It's county seat is Uniontown. It was organized September 26, 1783. It is located in the Southwest corner of the state.[4]
Boundary Changes
- 27 January 1750: Cumberland County was created from Lancaster County, including the area of future Fayette County.
- 9 March 1771: Bedford County was created from Cumberland County, covering much of the southwest portion of the state including future Fayette County.
- 26 February 1773: Westmoreland County was formed from Bedford County, taking the area of future Fayette County.
For animated maps illustrating Pennsylvania county boundary changes, "Rotating Formation Pennsylvania County Boundary Maps" (1673-1878) may be viewed for free at the MapofUS.org website.
Records Loss
There is no known history of courthouse disasters in this county.
Fayette County Pennsylvania Genealogy Resources
Bible Records
- Gresham and Wiley Biographical and Portrait Cyclopedia of Fayette County, Pennsylvania at Fayette County, Pennsylvania USGenWeb Archives
|Tombstone Transcriptions Online
|Tombstone Transcriptions in Print
|List of Cemeteries in the county
|Family History Library
|PAGenWeb Archives
|Tombstone Photos
|BillionGraves (name)
|See Pennsylvania Cemeteries for more information.
Additional Cemetery Resources
- PA-Roots
- Pennsylvania Genealogy LDS Genealogy
- Names in Stone
- Ancestry($)
For tips on accessing Fayette County, Pennsylvania Genealogy Federal (or United States) census records online, see: Pennsylvania Census.
There are no county or state census records available for Pennsylvania. County and city tax records can be used as a substitute when census records are not available.
Church Records
Church records and the information they provide vary significantly depending on the denomination and the record keeper. They may contain information about members of the congregation, such as age, date of baptism, christening, or birth; marriage information and maiden names; and death date. In Pennsylvania, church records are often used as a substitute for birth, marriage, and death information. For general information about Pennsylvania denominations, view the Pennsylvania Church Records wiki page.
A good reference for early churches in Fayette County is History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The various churches are discussed at the township level in volume 2.[5] Some of the early denominations include: German Baptist, Methodist and Presbyterian.
Additional church records can sometimes be found using search phrases such as Fayette County, Pennsylvania Genealogy Church Records in online catalogs like:
- Historical Society of Pennsylvania
- WorldCat (For instructions see WorldCat Online Catalog).
- FamilySearch Catalog (For instructions see FamilySearch Catalog Place-name Search).
County-wide Database - Multi-denominational
- 1708-1985 Pennsylvania, Church and Town Records, 1708-1985 at Historical Society of Pennsylvania – $, free to members of the society; Also available at Ancestry.com – $; 7,542,774 entries. This database is incomplete for all counties.
- Contains church records of:
- Belle Vernon: First United Methodist Church
- Brownsville: Christ Episcopal Church
- Fayette: Little Redstone United Methodist Church
- Uniontown: St. Peter's Episcopal Church
A copy of the Minutes of the Redstone Association of Pennsylvania, 1804-1836 is available at the Primitive Baptist Library in Carthage, Illinois.
Great Bethel Baptist Church, Uniontown
- 1770-1825 Great Bethel Baptist Church, Uniontown, Baptism Index 1770-1825 in International Genealogical Index at FamilySearch - free. Batch C524061.[6]
- "100 years of the Pittsburgh Catholic Diocese 1843–1943," Western Pennsylvania Genealogical Society Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 1. FHL Book 974.8 B2wg. Chronology, map, county-by-county information.
First Presbyterian Church, Brownsville
- 1853-1875 First Presbyterian Church, Brownsville, Baptism Index 1853-1875 in International Genealogical Index at FamilySearch - free. Batch C524051.[7]
- 1864-1867 First Presbyterian Church, Brownsville, Marriage Index 1864-1867 in International Genealogical Index at FamilySearch - free. Batch CM524051.[8]
Information about early Fayette County settlers who were Quakers is contained in Hinshaw's Volumes I-IV covering Providence Monthly Meeting, Redstone Monthly Meeting, Westland Quarterly Meeting. Available at U.S., Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy, Vol I–VI, 1607-1943 Ancestry.com $
Court Records
Fayette County, Pennsylvania Genealogy court records are housed at the Fayette County, Pennsylvania Genealogy Courthouse. For many counties copies of court records may be found at the Pennsylvania State Archives and in the FamilySearch collection. Note that within these collections some films may contain the same records, but have different titles. Other titles are not duplicates. See Finding Court Records at other repositories within this section for links to the online catalogs for these two collections. Films at the Pennsylvania State Archives are not available for inter-library loan. If court records are available FamilySearch films may be available at a local Family History Center. Call ahead for availability.
Court of Common Pleas
The Courts of Common Pleas are the trial courts of Pennsylvania. Major civil and criminal cases are heard in these courts. Judges also decide cases involving adoption, divorce, child custody, abuse, juvenile delinquency, estates, guardianships, charitable organizations and many other matters. The Common Pleas courts are organized into 60 judicial districts. Erie County has its own judicial district. Judges of the Common Pleas courts are elected to 10-year terms. A president judge and a court administrator serve in each judicial district.[9]
Clerk of the Court
The Clerk of Courts prepares and maintains the records for the Criminal Division of the Court of Common Pleas. The Clerk signs and affixes the Seal of the Courts to all writs and processes, administers oaths and affirmations, and assumes custody of the seal and records of the Courts. The Clerk certifies and distributes orders of the Court. The Clerk also certifies and prepares bills of costs for the defendants and utilizes the computerized financial management system to disburse fines, costs and restitution.[10] For the Fayette County, Pennsylvania Genealogy Clerk of Courts address see the Courthouse section on this page.
The office of the Prothonotary is the custodian of all civil matters in the county. This includes naturalization, immigration, equity actions, judgements, federal and local tax liens, city liens, family court, arbitrations, license suspension appeals, appeals to higher court, commercial code filings, applications for passports and divorce proceedings. See the Courthouse section on this page for the Fayette County, Pennsylvania Genealogy Prothonotary office information.
- 1784–1818 Execution Dockets FHL Film 1449105 Includes indexes.
- 1787–1875 Sheriff's Deed Books FHL Film 1449106 Includes unknown court docket, 1784–1804.
Orphans' Court
See Vital Records
The Orphans' Court is responsible for a wide range of matters. The name of the Court is derived from the more general definition of "orphan," that being a person or thing that is without protective affiliation or sponsorship. This would include those not capable of handling their own affairs, minors, incapacitated persons, decedents estates, nonprofit corporations and trusts. It is the role of the Court to ensure that the best interests of the person or entity are not compromised.
It is believed the name of this court was borrowed from the Court of Orphans of the city of London, England which had the care and guardianship of children of deceased citizens, in their minority.[11]
For Fayette County, Pennsylvania Genealogy Orphans' Court contact information see the Courthouse section on this page.
- 1783–1802 Orphans' Court Docket FHL Film 1449107
- 1783–1808 Minutes of the Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace FHL Film 1449107
Register of Wills (see Vital Records)
- Fayette County Courthouse
61 East Main Street
Uniontown, PA 15401
Phone: 724-430-1206
Fax: 724-430-1275
Finding Court Records at Other Repositories
Additional court records can sometimes be found using search phrases such as Fayette County, Pennsylvania Genealogy Court Records in online catalogs like:
- Historical Society of Pennsylvania
- WorldCat (For instructions see WorldCat Online Catalog).
- FamilySearch Catalog (For instructions see FamilySearch Catalog Place-name Search).
Emigration and Immigration
For information about emigration into Pennsylvania, see the Pennsylvania Emigration and Immigration page.
Ethnic Groups
Published Histories
- Over 950 fully-searchable books and published works covering much of Pennsylvania have been posted online at Historic Pittsburgh, hosted by the University of Pittsburgh's Digital Library
Land and Property
Land records in Fayette County began in 1784. These records are filed with the Recorder of Deeds office in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. If your ancestor lived in the area which became Fayette County, they may have filed land claims with Virginia when the area was know as the District of West Augusta.
Land and property records can place an ancestor in a particular location, provide economic information, and reveal family relationships. Land records include: deeds, abstracts, indexes, mortgages, leases, grants, sheriff sales, land patents, and maps. Property records include liens as well as livestock brands and estray records.
The following are examples of available resources:
Online Land Records
- 1975–present Fayette County offers free online access to indexes since 1975. Fees apply to view images since 1988.
Land Records on Microfilm
- 1773–1950 Deeds, Mortgages, 1784-1867; Index, 1773-1950 FHL film 862189 (first of 59 films) Early indexes are for the part of Westmoreland County that would later become Fayette County.
- 1787–1875 Sheriffs' Deed Books FHL film 1449106
- 1769–1900 Surveys and Warrants FHL films 861079–856088
- MacInnes, Sharon Cook and Angus MacInnes. Early Landowners of Pennsylvania : Atlas of Township Warrantee Maps of Fayette County, PA. Apollo, Pennsylvania : Closson Press, 2005. FHL book 974.884 R2m
Note that the "Maps" section below includes maps related to land ownership.
Additional Resources
See Pennsylvania Land and Property for more information about using land records, especially about original land warrants, surveys, and patents filed at the state land office.
Additional resources can sometimes be found using search phrases such as Fayette County Pennsylvania Land in online catalogs such as:
- Historical Society of Pennsylvania
- WorldCat (For instructions see WorldCat Online Catalog.)
- FamilySearch Catalog (For instructions see FamilySearch Catalog Place-name Search.)
- Maps of Pennsylvania (1673-1878)
- Ancestor Tracks offers an Atlas of Township Warrantee Maps of Fayette County and a Companion Scan of Township Warrantee Maps CD ($). They show precise outlines in metes and bounds of each original tract and all surrounding tracts in the township, giving the names of the warrantees and patentees; dates of the warrant, survey, and patent; and the patent and survey book and page of the recorded patent.
- Military Records including War of 1812, Mexican War, Revolutionary War, Civil War rosters and regiments. At Fayette County, Pennsylvania USGenWeb Archives
Revolutionary War
Men living in what is now Fayette County (then Westmoreland County) served in the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment.[12]
Naturalization and Citizenship
Naturalization records can contain information about immigration and nativity. Prior to 1906, it is rare to find the town of origin in naturalization records. See Pennsylvania Naturalization for more information about the types of records and availability.
Naturalizations granted at the county level were kept by the office of the Prothonotary. Naturalizations could also be granted on the Federal Court level.
Original Naturalization Records on Microfilm
- 1802–1906 Aliens' Records FHL Film 1324474 (first of 26 films) - includes index
- 1906 Index to Declaration of Intentions and Petitions for Naturalization from 1906 FHL Film 1318162 Items 1–2
Fayette County, Pennsylvania Genealogy newspapers may contain genealogical value including obituaries, births, marriages, deaths, anniversaries, family gatherings, family travel, achievements, business notices, engagement information, and probate court proceedings.
To access newspapers, contact public libraries, historical/genealogical societies, college or university libraries, or state archives in the area where the newspaper was published.
For information on state-wide newspapers see Pennsylvania Newspapers
Newspapers of Fayette County
- Pennsylvania Newspapers
- Chronicling America US Newspaper Directory
Online Newspapers
To learn if there are newspapers online for a specific town or city in Pennsylvania, see news.google.com/newspapers and search for the town or the name of a newspaper.
Online Newspaper Abstracts
- PA-Roots Newspaper Articles for Fayette County.
- Newspaper Records at Fayette County, Pennsylvania USGenWeb Archives
Obituaries are generally found in local newspapers where the person died. However, sometimes an obituary is found in the location from which he or she originated. To find an obituary, see the information under the Newspaper heading
|Sometimes the fastest way of finding obituaries is to call or email the local public library in the area where the person died. If the library does not have newspapers, a librarian often will know where they are kept. If a death date is known, and the newspapers are at the library, someone on staff will usually make a search for a small fee, or will indicate someone who will do the search.
Online Obituary Abstracts
Obituary Indexes
- Morgan, Yvonne L. Blair, Index of Census, Newspaper Obituary Files and Microfilm: Fayette, Green, Washington and Westmoreland Counties (Apollo, Pennsylvania:Closson Press, c2003) FHL book 974.88 V42m
Obituary Excerpts and Abstracts
- Rentmeister, Jean R. Marriage and Death Notices Extracted From the Genius of Liberty and Fayette Advertiser of Uniontown, Pennsylvania, 1805-1854 (Apollo, Pennsylvania:Closson Press, c1981) At various libraries (WorldCat); FHL book 974,884 V2r Includes index.
- Miller, Kathryn Cooley, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, Gleanings (Apollo, Pennsylvania:Closson Press, c1990) At various libraries (WorldCat); FHL book 974,884 V3m
Indentured Servants
Poorhouse, Almshouse
Probate Records
Probate matters in Fayette County, Pennsylvania Genealogy are handled by the Orphans' Court and start when the county was created. To obtain original probate records, contact the Orphan's Court in the County Courthouse.
In addition to wills and administrations, the Orphans' Court also handles: audits of accounts of executors, administrators, trustees, and guardians; distribution of estates of decedents, incompetents, and minors; appointment and control of guardians; adoptions; appeals from the Register of Wills involving probate matters; inheritance tax appeals and various petitions and motions.
Online Probate Indexes
- Fayette County Will Records at Pennsylvania USGenWeb Archives
- 1683 - 1993 Pennsylvania Wills and Probate Records 1683-1993 at Ancestry.com — index and images $
Online Probate Records
Original probate records for some Pennsylvania counties are available free online as digital images at FamilySearch.org. The dates vary significantly for each county and not all counties are listed. Some counties may only have probate indexes. This Pennsylvania collection of images may be browsed through the links listed below:
Complete Collection:
Fayette County only:
Online Will Abstracts
Original Probate Records on Microfilm
- 1783–1869 Orphans' Court Records FHL films 861061–861076 - includes index 1783–1950, bonds 1834–1866, executor and administrator accounts 1850–1871, auditors reports 1864–1870, court minutes 1851–1860
- 1784–1812 Continuance Dockets FHL film 1429870
- 1784–1917 Wills FHL film 861064 (first of 13 films) - includes bonds 1784–1834 and index to wills 1784–1949
Additional Probate Indexes and Abstracts
Additional probate indexes or abstracts can sometimes be found using search phrases such as Fayette County, Pennsylvania Genealogy probate wills in online catalogs like:
- Historical Society of Pennsylvania
- WorldCat (For instructions see WorldCat Online Catalog).
- FamilySearch Catalog (For instructions see FamilySearch Catalog Place-name Search).
- The Pennsylvania Archives collection contains county archive records that can be searched onsite. Currently the Archives' staff cannot provide research or make copies of these records. Their collections include Almshouse Registers; Tax records; Birth, Death and Marriage Indexes and Records; Midwife records; African American records; Wills; Deeds; Naturalizations; Coroner's inquests; and Orphan's Court dockets. A list of the Archive's county holdings are on Microfilm or Manuscript form.
- National Archives at Philadelphia
14700 Townsend Road
Philadelphia, PA 19154-1096
Phone: 215-305-2044
Fax: 215-305-2052
- Fayette County Courthouse
61 East Main St.
Uniontown, PA 15401
Phone: 724-430-1230
Fax: 724-430-1001
- The Register of Wills is the filing and docketing office for the Orphans Court.
Register of Wills
Phone: 724-430-1206
Fax: 724-430-1275
- Clerk of Court
Janice Snyder
Phone: 724-430-1253
Fax: 724-438-8410
- Prothonotary
Phone: 724-430-1272
Fax: 724-430-4555
Family History Centers
Family history centers provide one-on-one assistance and free access to premium genealogical websites. In addition, many centers have free how-to genealogy classes. See family history center for more information. Search the online FHC directory for a nearby family history center.
Family History Centers (FHCs) are branches of the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah, and are located all over the world. Their goal is to provide resources for family history research.
The main FHC for Fayette County, Pennsylvania Genealogy is the Monongahela Pennsylvania Family History Center. For additional nearby Family History Centers, search online in the FHC directory.
The Monessen Public Library and District Center allows patrons to view limited-access FamilySearch databases.
- Fayette County Genealogical Society
24 Jefferson St.
Uniontown, PA 15401-3602
Email: email@example.com
- Fayette County Historical Society
P.O. Box 193
Uniontown, PA 15401
Phone: 724-439-4422
- Brownsville Historical Society
P.O. Box 24
Brownsville, PA 15417
Phone: 724-785-6882
- Bullskin Township Historical Society
P.O. Box 724
Mt. Pleasant, PA 15666
Phone: 724-887-7729
- Chestnut Ridge Historical Society
P.O. Box 62
Jones Mills, PA 15646
Phone: 724-593-3102
- Connellsville Area Historical Society
299 S. Pittsburgh Street
Connellsville, PA 15425
Phone: 724-628-5640
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Dunbar Historical Society
P.O. Box 366
Dunbar, PA 15431
Phone: 724-277-8448
Email: email@example.com
- Greater Tri Town Area Historical Society
Box 189
Dawson, PA 15428
Phone: 724-529-2427
Email: email@example.com
- Masontown Historical Society
P.O. Box 769
Masontown, PA 15461
- Fort Mason Historical Society
P.O. Box 246
Masontown, PA 15461
Phone: 724-583-9944
- Smock Historical Society
203 Main Street
Smock, PA 15480
Phone: 724-677-2415
- 1785-1786 Returns of Taxables for the Counties of Bedford (1773 to 1784), Huntingdon (1788), Westmoreland (1783, 1786), Fayette (1785, 1786), Allegheny (1791), Washington (1786) and Census of Bedford (1784) and Westmoreland (1783). (Pennsylvania Archives, Series 3, Vol. 22). Digital versions at Ancestry ($); Google Books - free.
- 1798 Pennsylvania, U.S. Direct Tax Lists, 1798 at Ancestry ($).
Vital Records
Vital records are handled by the County Orphans' Court. Between the years 1852-1855 Pennsylvania made a failed attempt to record birth, marriage and death events at the county level. While the records for that time period are available, there were few events recorded. County marriage records were kept in earnest in 1885. Births and deaths, at the county level, were begun in 1893 and kept through 1905. Abstracts and copies of vital records are available for some counties, but most are incomplete. For the most complete set of records, always contact the County Orphans' Court.
See also How to order Pennsylvania Vital Records
- 1750-1890 Fayette County, Pennsylvania Vital Records, 1750-1890 at Ancestry ($).
In Fayette County the Register of Wills maintains the birth records created from 1893–1905. These records have been microfilmed by FamilySearch.
- 1893-1905 Birth Registers FHL films 1318017–1318018
Additionally Fayette County has a record entitled: Birth Returns and Other Records for Negores and Mulattos, 1785, 1788–1826, 1830. This record registers births of "negro" or "mulatto" children filed with the county. According to the Pennsylvania State Archives website "information provided is the date of the child's birth, name of the child, names of the parents, and place of residence. Most of these records were filed with the Clerk of the Peace for Fayette County who also maintained certificates of slave registry. All records were prepared after the passage of the Act of the Gradual Abolition of Slavery in Pennsylvania. The certificates of slave registry, which encompass several counties, contain the registration date, place of residence of the slave owner, gender and age of the slave, and occasionally the slave's date of birth and mother's name. Additional miscellaneous documentation in this series include other materials dealing with slavery or particular slaves in the county."
A portion of this series has been transcribed by G.D. Dixon an is available on the Afrigeneas.com website. The link is:
This record is also available on microfilm through FamilySearch:
- 1788-1826 Birth Returns for Negroes and Mulattoes, 1788-1826: Includes Certificates of Registry Received from Other Counties 1785, 1803, 1805, 1807-1808 and Miscellaneous Papers 1823, 1830 – FHL film 1449141.
Fayette County marriages are maintained by the Register of Wills. Fayette County began recording marriages in 1885, however, some marriages were recorded from 1852-1855. To obtain a marriage record you may go to or mail the Register of Wills office. They will perform searches but they must have the first and last names and an approximate date of the marriage. There is a search fee.
A free online index with images to some Fayette County marriages can be found in the FamilySearch Records Collection, Pennsylvania, County Marriages, 1885–1950. Most of the records consist of marriage licenses, certificates, applications, docket books, and affidavits. These records have been microfilmed.
- 1626-2016 - Pennsylvania, United States Marriages at FindMyPast — index $
- 1677-1950 Pennsylvania Civil Marriages, 1677-1950 at FamilySearch — index and images
- 1700-1821 Pennsylvania Marriage Records Ancestry.com – ($) This database is incomplete for all counties.
- 1725-1976 Pennsylvania, Marriages, 1709-1940 - free index. Not complete for all years. This index is not necessarily intended to index any specific set of records. This index is not complete for any particular place or region. This collection may include information previously published in the International Genealogical Index or Vital Records Index collections.
- Pre-1810 Pennsylvania Marriages Ancestry.com – ($) This database is incomplete for all counties. Includes 35,000 marriage records from vol. VIII of of the second series of the Pennsylvania Archives.
- 1852-1855 Fayette County Marriage Index 1852-1855 in International Genealogical Index at FamilySearch - free. Batch B543828.[13]
- 1852-1855 Marriages and DeathsFHL film 861076
- 1852-1854 Pennsylvania Marriages Ancestry.com – ($) Index with images.
- 1885-1950 Pennsylvania County Marriage, 1885-1950 Extracted marriage records – free. This database is incomplete for all counties. May also contain marriage records earlier than 1885.
- 1885-1916 Marriage License Dockets (Fayette County, Pennsylvania), films 1318021–1318055
- 1885-1889 Marriages (Index of Brides A–R), Fayette County Genealogy Project
- 1947-2010 Pennsylvania Obituary and Marriage Collection, 1947-2010 at FamilySearch — index and images
Divorce records are available through the office of the Prothonotary. The office of the Prothonotary is located in the courthouse building.
Fayette County did record a few early deaths in the 1852–1855 time period, however, recording deaths really did not begin until 1893. Records from 1893–1905 are available at the Register of Wills office in Uniontown. You may request a death record from the Register of Wills. There is a search fee.
Additional resources:
- 1852-1854 Pennsylvania Deaths Ancestry.com – $ Index with images.
- 1852-1855 Marriages and Deaths FHL film 861076
- 1853-1855 Fayette County Death Index 1853-1855 in International Genealogical Index at FamilySearch - free. Batch B543828.[14]
- 1893-1904 Fayette County Death Index 1893-1904 in International Genealogical Index at FamilySearch - free.[15]
- 1893-1905 Record of Death FHL films 1318020–1318021
- Some Deaths Extracted from Fayette County Death Register, Fayette County Genealogy Project
- 1947-2010 Pennsylvania Obituary and Marriage Collection, 1947-2010 at FamilySearch — index and images
Pennsylvania death certificates become public records after 50 years. An annual index is released by the Pennsylvania Department of Health. Records less than 50 years old are kept by the Division of Vital Records and are not public certificates. Only certain people can request a non-public death certificate. To order a non-public representative you must be:
- Legal representative of decedent's estate
- Immediate family member
- Extended family member who indicates a direct relationship to the decedent
- Power of Attorney (Please note that a Power of Attorney document is no longer valid upon the death of the individual)
See the Pennsylvania Department of Health website to obtain a copy of a non-public death certificate. Check website for cost.
Indexes for Pennsylvania public death records are available online through the Department of Health for 1906 through 1961. Once an individual is located in the index a certificate can be obtained by writing to:
Division of Vital Records
Attn: Public Records
P.O. Box 1528
New Castle, PA 16103
Finding Vital Records at Other Repositories
Additional vital records can sometimes be found using search phrases such as Fayette County, Pennsylvania Genealogy Vital Records in online catalogs like:
- Historical Society of Pennsylvania
- WorldCat (For instructions see WorldCat Online Catalog).
- FamilySearch Catalog (For instructions see FamilySearch Catalog Place-name Search).
Fayette County Pennsylvania Genealogy Websites
- Fayette County, PA History, Records, Facts and Genealogy
- Linkpendium - Fayette County
- USGenWeb project
- USGenWeb Archives - Fayette County
- Fayette County Genealogical Society
- Fayette County PA Genealogy
Fayette County Pennsylvania Places
Populated Places
Fayette County Pennsylvania Genealogy References
- ↑ Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed. (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), [FHL book 973 D27e 2002].
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Fayette County, Pennsylvania" in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayette_County,_Pennsylvania.
- ↑ "Fayette County, Pennsylvania," Wikipedia.
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayette_County,_Pennsylvania accessed 2/12/2017
- ↑ Franklin Ellis, "History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men" (Philadelphia: L.H. Everts Co., 1882). WorldCat 6718154; FHL book 974.884 H2e, vol. 2
- ↑ Genealogical Society of Utah, Parish and Vital Records List (July 1998). Microfiche. Digital version at https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/images/9/92/Igipennsylvaniaf.pdf.
- ↑ Genealogical Society of Utah, Parish and Vital Records List (July 1998). Microfiche. Digital version at https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/images/9/92/Igipennsylvaniaf.pdf.
- ↑ Genealogical Society of Utah, Parish and Vital Records List (July 1998). Microfiche. Digital version at https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/images/9/92/Igipennsylvaniaf.pdf.
- ↑ The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania http://www.pacourts.us/T/CommonPleas/ accessed 10 July 2012.
- ↑ Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania, Clerk of Courts in http://www.pacourts.us/T/CommonPleas/ClerksOfCourts.htm (accessed 25 Aug 2012)
- ↑ The Philadelphia Courts at http://www.courts.phila.gov/common-pleas/orphans/ accessed 10 July 2012
- ↑ Harold Frederic, William C. Frederick III with William J. McMaster Sr., Path of Blood: The Untold Story of the Kittanning PA. Regiment in the American Revolution (Kittanning, Pa.: W.C. Frederick, 1998). FHL Book 974.8 M2ff
- ↑ Genealogical Society of Utah, Parish and Vital Records List (July 1998). Microfiche. Digital version at https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/images/9/92/Igipennsylvaniaf.pdf.
- ↑ Genealogical Society of Utah, Parish and Vital Records List (July 1998). Microfiche. Digital version at https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/images/9/92/Igipennsylvaniaf.pdf.
- ↑ Genealogical Society of Utah, Parish and Vital Records List (July 1998). Microfiche. Digital version at https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/images/9/92/Igipennsylvaniaf.pdf.


text:
Fuel Projects Move Forward, But Slowly
AIR-20 is an outgrowth of the FAA Unleaded Avgas Transition rules committee (UAT-ARC) that completed its final report in mid-2012 with a long list of steps and requirements that any potential replacement fuel will have to meet. The UAT-ARC envisioned an 11-year maximum timeline to consider all of the potential fuel candidates, but judging by its budget estimates, most of the fuels work will be done in half that time.
How many candidate fuels are there? At this juncture, three are plainly visible: Swift LLC's Swift Fuel, General Aviation Modification Inc. 's G100UL and an additive-based fuel from ASL, the same company that developed a popular oil additive called CamGuard. Sources in the industry say the major oil companies may be developing their own fuel candidates, but none of these have been made public yet. Chevron was recently granted a patent for an aviation fuel of at least 98 octane based on an aviation alkylate and xylene blend, but that fuel doesn't appear to have entered the approval process and we don't know if Chevron plans to submit it.
Mogas could play a minor role in the fuel transition, although it won't be a candidate fuel for a formal 100LL replacement. While there's some demand for mogas, supplies of non-ethanol premium suitable for aviation use remain problematical due to the flood of ethanol looking for gasoline to blend with.
Swift Fuels has been grinding away at the 100LL replacement problem since 2008, when it initially announced a non-petroleum-based replacement that could be manufactured from biomass. Swift's Jon Ziulkowski told us that the company's research continues and that it has found two candidate organizations to fly a long-term fleet test using a Cessna 172. Swift is seeking an STC to burn Swift Fuel in Lycoming-powered Cessna 172 R and S models. But unlike GAMI, Swift doesn't plan to provide the STCs to end users, but merely use them to gather data for the required long-term fleet tests of its fuel. Moreover, Swift's STC will be predicated on an approved ASTM fuel specification.
Swift Fuel is a binary chemical material consisting of mesitylene�also known a trimethylbenzene�and isopentane. The fuel is catalyzed from an acetone feedstock. While acetone can be derived from bio sources, Swift's work has concentrated on the catalytic process forward, not on producing the acetone itself. Swift's business model has been to sell the technology to manufacturers interested in producing the fuel under license, but Ziulkowski says that doesn't rule out Swift also producing fuel itself. Initial FAA tests showed that Swift Fuel has similar octane as 100LL, although with somewhat higher heat content. It's also about 10 percent heavier than avgas.
To prove the economics and volume potential, Swift is planning to construct a pilot plant in Lafayette, Indiana capable of a minimum of 10,000 gallons a month. "That facility will be in place by the end of the first quarter," Ziulkowski said, meeting one of the FAA's 16 requirements for avgas approval. Swift will meet with the FAA next month to determine when and how it will enter the formal UAT-ARC-prescribed approval process. As for cost, Swift maintains that its fuel will be competitive with avgas, but the final numbers remain yet to be proven.
While Swift pursues that path, GAMI has staked out a different route to an approved fuel. From day one when G100UL emerged in early 2010, GAMI sought a wide-application STC for use of its fuel, not an extended FAA approval process. Although the FAA initially strongly discouraged this approach, GAMI has persisted and the company's chief engineer, George Braly, told us that after months of testing, GAMI is close to an approved STC for Cirrus models.
A week ago, Braly told us, "We've got all of the test plans agreed to as of 10 o'clock this morning and we've got the hardest parts of those already done and the reports approved." Some testing remains to be done, says Braly, but most of that is relatively straightforward trials that aren't expected to hide any surprises. "We've got a couple of in-house tests and a 150-hour block test on the engine and that's it," Braly said.
Like Swift fuel, G100UL is a so-called high-aromatic content fuel, but it varies in chemical composition. For its base, G100UL uses the same aviation alkylate to which tetraethyl lead is added to make 100LL. However, it's blended using either mesitylene or the xylol family of aromatics. (GAMI's patents describe both, but the company hasn't necessarily settled on a final blend.) G100UL, says Braly, has a motor octane rating above the minimum spec for avgas, which is 99.6.
The FAA and some manufacturers have voiced concerns that a high-aromatic fuel like G100UL (and Swift Fuel) could cause seal or o-ring damage in aircraft fuel systems, but GAMI says it has been conducting tests for almost three years and has found no evidence of this. The FAA has accepted initial compatibility tests done by Cirrus in composite fuel tanks. In support of the large volume required to complete the block test, GAMI has commitments from a refiner and a transportation company to provide a 10,000-gallon batch. Braly said the high-volume delivery will occur during the next 60 days.
And how about cost? GAMI envisions granting non-discriminatory licenses to refiners interested in manufacturing G100UL for a price Braly believes will be between 50 cents and a dollar more than avgas, delivered. "I think the 50 cent number is consistent with what I'm seeing right now," Braly says.��
Once the Cirrus STC is approved, says Braly, GAMI will seek a wider approval for more models under an approved model list approach. The FAA has agreed to this in principle, if not in detail.
While Swift and GAMI pursue approvals for their fuels over the next two to three years, another company, ASL, is following a different path. Rather than a blended fuel, ASL chemist Ed Kollin, who developed CamGuard, is researching a drop-in, direct replacement for tetraethyl led that will yield 100-plus motor octane. So far, so good, but the problem isn't octane, it's cost. �
"I've got some molecules that do the things I want them to do, it's just a matter of getting them made at a price that's reasonable. Right now, it's five times the cost of where I think it needs to be," Kollin told us. His comment goes to the core problem with TEL, other than it's toxicity: It's cheap and it provides a potent octane boost.
Aging is a problem, too. In some airplanes, avgas can remain in tanks for months if not years and thus it has to be�and is�more stable than automotive pump gas. Kollin told us his octane additive delivers excellent octane but has shown a tendency to break down when exposed to water or traces of metallic copper. Kollin says his research will continue, but he's not predicting when a fuel using his compound might be ready to enter the FAA certification process.
Another option on the table is mogas. Although not purpose-made for aviation, mogas is nonetheless approved for aviation use in a large variety of engines. Todd Petersen of Petersen Aviation developed many of the original autogas STCs during the 1980s. He says that mogas, which was once much more in demand for aircraft than it is now, fell out of favor for two reasons. The price difference with avgas diminished and as the ethanol industry geared up to produce more volume, it became increasingly difficult to find ethanol-free gas or E0. It still is.
That said, Petersen told us he's noticed a slight uptick in the sale of mogas STCs, especially to European customers, who still have more ready access to mogas than do U.S. pilots. According to www.flyunleaded.com, a web directory of airports that sell mogas, 109 airports have it. It's not clear if this number is static or rising slightly, but since 2007, with the Energy Independence and Security Act mandating increasing ethanol blending, the production of E0 has been trending steadily downward. According to U.S. Energy Information Administration data, that trend has stabilized and actually rose slightly during the past 18 months. Still, supplies are hardly assured.
"You can still get E0," says Todd Petersen, "but it's just hard. Once in a while, I get a call from someone like on Long Island, in New York. I can't do much for them because it all has ethanol there. I sometimes worry how much longer it will be available."
The market appears to be strongly regional. Twenty five of the U.S. airports that have mogas are in Wisconsin and Minnesota.
If you happen to own an experimental or LSA with a Rotax engine, you can legally burn E10 mogas, but you'll have haul it in your own containers. No airports that we know of sell E10. Some owners find that worth the effort, but for the rest of us, it's a waiting game to see which fuel rises to the fore and there actually could be more than once choice. We just don't know yet which way the market will turn.


text:
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text:
A Commode is a portable toilet that can be placed at the bedside of a patient whose activity is limited. Commode Chairs generally come in two variants: Those with wheels and those without wheels.This one pictured here has wheels, droppable arms and includes a padded seat, back and armrests. It is suitable for three-in-one use as a bedside commode, transport wheelchair and shower seat.
Nova 8805 Drop-Arm Shower Transport Chair Commode
- Product Dimensions: 22.5 x 21.8 x 23 inches ; 18.7 pounds
- Shipping Weight: 33.3 pounds
- Item model number: 8805
Watch the Video:
- Multi functional. Can be used both as bedside commode, as a transport wheelchair and for use in the shower
- The wheels move smoothly and the locks work well, keeping the chair secured
- High quality and well built for the price
- Very Strong, stable and does not tip
- Easy to operate
- Delivered Promptly and is well packaged
- Slides easily over most toilet seats
- The brakes are not always easy to lock and can be tough to pop up to unlock
- Can be too short for very tall people
My Advice
This chair has some of the best reviews of all the wheeled commodes that I have sampled. Most people who have used it have been very pleased with the results especially the ease of movement and stable brake locks. The only key negative to this product is that it can be difficult to lock the brakes in place or pop it out of lock state. Other than that, this is a very solid chair that can serve as bedside commode, shower chair and wheeled transport: you will not regret buying this.
However, you may also want to read more reviews (from Amazon, eBay etc) so that you can see what others who bought this chair think about it so Click here for more reviews.
Best Places to Buy Online
Of all the online stores that were checked, Amazon had the best deals and lowest price for this product. Click here to Buy at a discount on Amazon
View the Latest Discounts on Commodes at Amazon
Top 5 Alternatives:
The best alternative for this commode seems to be this one, followed by the ones below: