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Milestones:Kurobe River No. 4 Hydropower Plant, 1956-63
Kurobe River No. 4 Hydropower Plant, 1956-63
Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc., completed the innovative Kurobe River No. 4 Hydropower Plant, including the subterranean power station and Kurobe Dam, in 1963. The 275kV long-distance transmission system delivered the generated electric power to the Kansai region and solved serious power shortages, contributing to industrial development and enhancing living standards for the population.
In May 1951, almost six years after the end of the World War II, the Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. was established by the Electricity Utility Industry Law, as one of the nine monopolistic electric power companies of Japan, with a capital of 1,690 million yen (cf. 1,460 million yen of the Tokyo Electric) and a total power capacity of 2,284 MW, with 1,130 MW by 130 hydropower plants and 1,154 MW by 16 thermal power plants (cf. 1,786MW=1,441MW+345MW of the Tokyo Electric), each the greatest of all power companies. As for 130 hydropower plants, the numbers of pondage-type and reservoir-type plants were 32 and 1, respectively, and hence its hydroelectric generating capacity was heavily vulnerable to drought.[1] On the other hand, as for 16 thermal power plants, all of them were built mainly to supplement the shortage of hydroelectric capability in the drought season of winter, and moreover they could not output any more than 70% of the installed capacity due to cumulative mechanical degradation during the postwar confusion as well as lack of coal caused by the Korean War in 1950-1953. In August 1951, just after the establishment, the Kansai Electric suffered from exceptional drought, and the power shortage became suddenly worse in the service area of the Kansai Region to such a serious extent that the worst case in Japan occurred there in September 1951 through March 1952, in which two and three days' power cut per week had to be imposed on industrial/commercial and residential customers, respectively.[2] Furthermore, to satisfy the power demand that was growing rapidly with the vigorous progress of postwar reconstruction, the Kansai Electric had to make every effort to construct new hydropower plants as well as to reinforce the generating capability of thermal power plants. To overcome such terrible power shortage, the Kansai Electric started large-scale geographical surveys for constructing the Kurobe River No.4 Hydropower Plant, henceforth referred to as the Kuroyon, a well known Japanese alias. The upper basin of the Kurobe River (see Fig. 1) originating in the Northern Japan Alps of 3,000m order altitude has an annual precipitation of 3,800mm, an average river slope of 1/40, and an average snowfall of 5m, and therefore it had long been regarded as an ideal site for hydropower generation. Eventually, Mr. Shiro Ohtagaki, the President of the Kansai Electric, announced in autumn 1955 a big project of constructing the 250 MW class Kuroyon that would harness a huge reservoir created by a dome-shaped arch dam, called the Kurobe Dam, at an elevation of 1,448m in the midst of rugged Kurobe Gorge in the Chubu-Sangaku National Park.
Subsequently, the postwar Japan's largest-class project of constructing the Kuroyon and the Kurobe Dam began in July 1956. The long-awaited concrete placing began in September 1959, and partial reservoir filling started in October 1960. Immediately after that, the Kuroyon began partial power generation of 154MW output in January 1961, using two Pelton turbines, each with the world's largest output among those of the same type, and then increased output to 234MW in August 1962, using additionally a third Pelton turbine. The combined project of the Kuroyon and the Kurobe Dam was completed in June 1963, after a total investment of 51.3 billion yen (142.5 million 1963 US dollars) and a labor output of 10 million man-days. The Kuroyon's generating capacity was finally expanded to 335MW in June 1973 with the addition of a fourth Pelton turbine at a cost of 1.4 billion yen (5 million US dollars).
The construction of the Kuroyon and the Kurobe Dam paved the way for a new phase of downstream development by means of huge controlled water storage. Specifically,
(i) the total hydroelectric capacity in the Kurobe River Basin has since grown from 273MW to 969MW, by building a total of six new hydropower plants for more effective use of river flow as well as by reinforcing the generating capability of existing plants through efficient flow control, and
(ii) the agricultural utilization of water resources has since been performed by the irrigation drainage and alluvial soil improvement in the Kurobe River Basin. In parallel with the construction of the Kuroyon and the Kurobe Dam, the Japan's first 275kV long distance power transmission system covering 350km from the Kurobe River Basin to the Kansai Region was repeatedly reformed, and finally completed in October 1973 by installing the Japan's first 275kV series capacitor banks at the Johana Switching Station in Toyama Prefecture, as shown in Fig. 3. Consequently, the pioneering works dedicated to developing and operating huge facilities of the Kuroyon, the Kurobe Dam, and related facilities in July 1956 through October1973, as summarized in Table 1, contributed greatly not only toward the stable power supply against serious power shortages and growing peak power demands, but also toward the postwar development of industries and the enhancement of the quality of life.
One of the most distinctive features of the Kuroyon is the perfect harmony with nature. In order to fulfill the nationwide requirements of rigorous preservation for the natural environment and the scenic beauty of the Chubu-Sangaku National Park as well as to avoid snowfall and avalanches in winter, all of huge facilities of the Kuroyon, such as Powerhouse (2.043m2), Substation (3,043m2), Switchyard (3,120m2), and supporting equipments, were constructed completely underground at a depth of 150m.
Pelton Turbines
As soon as the concrete placing of the Kurobe Dam began in September 1959, partial reservoir filling started in October 1960, and the Kuroyon began partial generation of 154MW output in January 1961, using two Pelton 6-nozzle vertical shaft turbines, as shown in Fig. 5, each with output of 95,800kW (60Hz) and 90,100kW(50Hz), the largest in the world among those of the same type. Then the Kuroyon increased output to 234MW in August 1962 and to the maximum of 258MW in July 1969, by using additionally a third Pelton turbine with output of 95,000kW(60Hz) and 90,000kW(50Hz).[3] The Kuroyon's generating capacity was finally expanded to 335MW in June 1973 with the addition of a fourth Pelton turbine. It should be noticed that the adoption of the first two German Pelton turbines manufactured by Voith promoted the development of Japanese casting technology, resulting in the employment of the last two Hitachi's Pelton turbines, the first domestic products.
275kV Oil-Filled Cables
The 275kV oil-filled cables of a total length of 180m and a height of 68m were successfully installed in the Kuroyon for the first time in Japan for the underground transmission from the switchyard to the outgoing of transmission lines, as indicated by ⑦ in Fig. 4 and as illustrated in Fig. 6. In 1950s there was no actual achievement of the 275kV oil-filled cable in Japan, and therefore the development of the cable technology was faced with numbers of difficulties in design, manufacturing, and cable laying. Hence, the Kansai Electric established a 'Study Group on Kuroyon Extrahigh Voltage Cable' jointly with Sumitomo Electric Industries. After numbers of trial-and-error experiments of prototype manufacturing, performance improvement and test, and cable laying in inclined passages, the joint project team succeeded in installing the Japan's first 275kV oil-filled cables in the Kuroyon.[4][5] The Kansai Electric opened up the application of 275kV oil-filled cables to the underground transmission, and moreover the oil-filled cable technologies have since been widely spread in Japan. In fact, the total length of the cables used for the underground transmission in the Kansai Region is more than 150km.
275kV Transmission System
Before the construction of the Kuroyon, 154kV power transmission systems were used for hydropower transmission throughout Japan, which could not stabilize the long distance transmission. At that time, the Kansai Electric was using five 154kV transmission trunk lines from main power generation cites to the Kansai Region, any of which could no more cope with growing generating power due to lack of transmission capacity. Hence the Kansai Electric had to take account of adopting the 275kV transmission system.
The Kansai Electric began to develop the Japan's first 275kV power transmission system in order to cover stably 350km from the Kuroyon to the Kansai Region by means of substituting the conventional arc-suppressing technology for a new neutral grounding technology. Since at that time there was very few technical information on switch surge in Japan, the project team encountered difficulties in insulation design, protection for ground/short-circuit faults, etc. Hence, this team conducted large-scale field tests using one of the old 154kV transmission trunk lines, and built up on a step-by-step basis a solution technique for insulation design and protection relay. Unifying these technologies, the Kansai Electric succeeded in operating the Japan's first 275kV long distance transmission system in January 1961, as shown in Fig. 7, which transmitted the power that the Kuroyon just began to generate. It should be added that this 275kV long distance transmission system enabled the installation of large scale power plants far away from the electric load center.
Series Capacitor Bank
When a pair of the New Kurobe River No.3 and No.2 Hydropower Plants of output 107MW and 74.2MW were planned to be built to harness the water flowing from the Kuroyon and the New Kurobe River No.3 Plant, respectively, a technical issue arose as to how to reinforce the additional transmission capability of the existing power transmission system. To cope with this difficulty, the Kansai Electric started to develop the 'series capacitor bank' jointly with Mitsubishi Electric and Nissin Electric. The joint project team investigated the Japan's first 'post reinsertion transient voltage limiters' to limit subsynchronous voltages across series capacitors.[6][7][8] After numbers of steady/transient analysis and field tests including intentional fault tests, the series capacitor banks were successfully installed in October 1973 at Johana Switching Station (Fig. 3) in the existing 275kV power transmission system for the first time in Japan, resulting in the increase of the transmission capability by 28% enough to supply stably the combined generating power to the Kansai Region. The installation of the series capacitor banks in the existing 275kV transmission system in October 1973 increased the transmission capability, and hence the total generating power, by more then 150MW. The technologies so far attained for developing this transmission system laid the base of 275kV transmission technology in Japan, and contributed greatly to the development of higher capacity transmission systems of 500kV and 1,100kV.
Civil Engineering Innovations
Numbers of civil engineering innovations were achieved as follows:
- The Kurobe Dam is 186m tall (the highest in Japan now, and the world's fourth highest at that time) and has crest length of 492m and storage capacity of approximately 200Mm3. A significant characteristics of this dam is the economical use of concrete, applying the method of supporting the water pressure by the wing dams on both sides.
- Large-scale geographic surveys and rock tests were conducted, involving 67 drilling holes (total length; 5,000m) and 49 adits (total length; 2,700m), in parallel with the excavation of the Kurobe Dam, [9][10][11][12]
- High-precision systems were constructed for long-term measuring of static and dynamic behaviors of the dam.[13]
- Ultrahigh pressure penstock tunnels with a gradient of 47 degrees and 20 minutes were of bandedtype utilizing a large number of bonds on pipes to support ultrahigh pressure.
Social Significance
The construction of the Kuroyon and the Kurobe Dam made possible a new phase of downstream development through controlled water storage and flow adjustment. Specifically, the combined project contributed to social development as follows:
Enlargement of Generating Capacity in Kurobe River Basin
Before the construction of the Kurobe Dam, the total generating capacity in the Kurobe River Basin was 273MW by 12 hydropower plants, and after the construction it has grown to 969MW by 18 plants, as stated in g.1. Thus the Kurobe Dam contributed to the increase of the total generating capacity and the number of plants by 696MW and 6, respectively, by harnessing more efficiently the water flowing from it.
Power Supply for Growing Peak Demand
Due to unprecedented economic boom beginning in the late 1950s, the Japanese economy continued to achieve double-digit growth in the 1960s. Accordingly, Japanese electric home appliance industry embarked on a dramatic expansion. For example, as of 1963 the penetration rates in the Kansai Region of home appliances of TV, washing machine, electric 'kotatsu' (table heater), refrigerator, rice cooker, and vacuum cleaner, grew to 93%, 71%, 62%, 53%, 53%, and 34%, respectively. Moreover, since the spread of air conditioners was very drastic, the power demand for them grew rapidly from 11% in 1962 to 18% in 1966, and hence the maximum power demand which used to be in winter turned to be in summer in 1966.
In this way, the power demand structure was so radically changed that the Kansai Electric had to shift the power supply policy such that the basis and peak power demands could fall back on the thermal-power and hydropower generation, respectively. Consequently, the Kuroyon and the Kurobe Dam contributed greatly to the supply for the growing peak demand caused by the huge boom of home electrification in the 1960s and 1970s.
Social Contribution
The Kurobe Dam brought a new phase of developing the Kurobe River Basin in such a way that:
(i) the total generating power capacity has since grown from 273MW to 969MW,
(ii) an agricultural reformation was achieved by installing facilities to discharge irrigation water as well as to improve alluvial soil in the basin plain, and
(iii) tourism resources of the Northern Japan Alps were developed by opening to the public the accessing routes of (i) the 'Tateyama-Kurobe Alpine Route', which consists of the bus route between Ohmachi and the Kurobe Dam and the ropeway route between the Kurobe Dam and Mt. Tateyama of 3,015m altitude, and still attracts 1,025 thousand tourists per year, and (ii) the 'Kurobe Gorge Railway' between Unazuki and Keyakidaira, which also attracts 490 thousand tourists per year.
Thus in the postwar Japan, the Kuroyon has become a landmark to achieve the persistently stable electric supply by large-scale power generation with long distance transmission systems. It is safe to say that the success of the Kuroyon laid the foundations of the rapid growth of the Japanese economy in the 1960s. Even now the Kuroyon plays an important role to supply electricity to the Kansai Region, and has made a great contribution to the welfare of people's lives and the evolution of industries.
Technical Innovation
Before the Kuroyon was constructed, 154kV power transmission systems were used for hydropower transmission throughout Japan, which could not stabilize the long distance transmission. The Kansai Electric developed the Japan's first 275kV long distance power transmission system to supply stably the generating power from the Kurobe River Basin to the Kansai Region, which involved the employment of the Japan's first 275kV oil-filled cables, the technical reformation of the long distance power transmission by substituting the conventional arc-suppressing technology for a new neutral grounding technology, and the enhancement of power system protection. Furthermore, when a pair of the New Kurobe River No.3 and No.2 Hydropower Plants of output 107MW and 74.2MW, respectively, were built to harness the water flowing from the Kuroyon, the existing power system had to suppress the transmission power less than the thermal transmission capacity in order to reinforce the additional transmission capability. To this end, Kansai Electric decided to develop 'series capacitor banks' to decrease the transmission impedance, which were successfully installed in the existing 275kV transmission system, resulting in the increase of the transmission capability by 28% enough to supply stably the combined generating power to Kansai Region. Thus, Kansai Electric succeeded in the stable operation of the 275kV long distance power transmission system for the first time in Japan.
Conquest of Financial Obstacles
In an early survey the total construction cost of the Kuroyon and the Kurobe Dam was estimated at 50 billion yen, almost 30 times of the company's capital. Therefore, soon after the decision of this huge project, the Kansai Electric entered into loan negotiations with the World Bank, which at last promised in June 1958 to extend loans worth 37 million US dollars (13.32 billion yen), almost one fourth of the total estimated cost. Unfortunately, however, in the midst of constructing the Kurobe Dam, a dam of the same type in France broke in December 1959, and more than 450 people died in the catastrophe. Hence the engineering staff of the World Bank strongly recommended the Kansai Electric to reduce the dam height from 186m to 150m. Such a severe reduction would affect the whole project so fatally that the Kansai Electric continued insistently financial and technical negotiations with the World Bank for two years in Washington, Kurobe, Paris, Milan etc., until the insistence of the Kansai Electric was admitted in principle, but with the collateral condition that rigorous requirements of the redesign for structural reinforcement and the large-scale geographic surveys and rock tests had to be fulfilled.
Kansai Electric performed its duties of (i) the structural reinforcement by the gravity wing dams at both sides of the arch portion, (ii) the execution of large-scale geographic surveys and rock tests,[9][10][11][12] and (iii) the installation of a long-term high-precision measuring system for static and dynamic behaviors of the dam.[13] As a result, the expected construction cost of 50 billion yen was expanded to 51.3 billion yen.
Victory over Geographic Difficulties
The Kurobe River originating in the Northern Japan Alps has an annual precipitation of 3,800mm, an average river slope of 1/40, and an average snowfall of 5m, and hence it had long been regarded as an ideal site for hydropower generation. To harness these precious power generation resources, different efforts had been attempted since the 1920s, on which numbers of dramatic stories were written in several nonfiction novels. Actually, the project of the Kuroyon and the Kurobe Dam confronted serious obstacles due to (a) the nationwide requirements of rigorous conservation for the natural environment and the scenic beauty of the Chubu-Sangaku National Park, (b) terribly hard access due to rugged Kurobe Gorge, and (c) exceptional snowfall and frequent avalanches in winter. In view of (a) and (c), all facilities of powerhouse, substation, switchyard, and supporting equipments, were built completely underground. On the other hand, in terms of (b) and (c), a tunnel of 5.4km length, called the 'Kanden Tunnel', was dug through mountains to transport a great amount of materials and equipments from Ohmachi-City to the construction site. Meanwhile, the tunnel excavation encountered a huge crumbly fracture zone, where spring water of 4℃flew into the tunnel with a torrential force of 660 liters per second. However, after 7 months, the huge fracture zone was successfully penetrated by means of 10 piles 500m in length for extracting water, additional drilling 2,900m in length, and feeding a chemical fluid with 230 tons of cement.
A best-selling novel titled "The Sun in Kurobe", a long-running movie based on this novel, and NHK's TV programs "Project X", as illustrated in Fig. 10, were made on the basis of this monumental achievement of the Kuroyon and the Kurobe Dam. Thus the Kuroyon has still deeply fascinated Japanese hearts as an evidence of the achievement of postwar reconstruction and economic growth by overcoming formidable environments. Even now the Kuroyon and the Kurobe Dam are the most popular hydropower generating site in Japan.
Location(s) of Milestone plaque(s)
(i) At the entrance of the Kurobe River No.4 Hydropower Plant:
Address: Unazuki-machi, Kurobe-shi, Toyama, 938-0200 Japan
(ii) In front of the Kurobe Dam:
Address: Ashikuraji, Tateyama-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama, 930-1406 Japan
- ↑ S.Mori, private communication.
- ↑ The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. (ed.): 50 Years' Corporate History of Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc., 2002 (in Japanese).
- ↑ T. Kitsukawa, J.Hashimoto, H.Yamazaki, and K.Yasui (ed.): 100 Years' History of Electric Industry in Kansai Regionn, 1987 (in Japanese).
- ↑ Y.Fujisawa and K.Kojima: "Study of 287.5kV high oil pressure OF cable-(Report 1)", J. Sumitomo Electric Industries, pp. 57-78, vol. 71, 1959 (in Japanese).
- ↑ K.Kojima: "Study of 287.5kV high oil pressure OF cable-(Report 2)", J. Sumitomo Electric Industries, pp. 10-33, vol. 72, 1959 (in Japanese)
- ↑ S.Taniai: "Test result of the carrier current distance relay protective system on the extra high voltage transmission system", Toshiba Review, pp.586-596, vol.8, no.,8, 1953 (in Japanese). See Attachment 9.
- ↑ S.Kamiya: "Design and construction of transmission line between Kuroyon and Shin-Aimoto, DenkiKoron, pp. 211-216, Jan. 1961 (in Japanese).
- ↑ T.Fujita, H.Kishio, T.Ushio, N.Nagai, and A.Seki: "The first 275kV series capacitor application in Japan: Its installation and field tests", Report of Summer Meeting of IEEE Power Engineering Society, San Francisco, July 1975.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 The Construction Department of the Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc.: "Mechanical behavior of Kurobe IV dam and its foundation especially the difference from the result of calculation", Proc. Commision Internationale Des Grands Barrages, pp. 53-71, Istamboul, 1967.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 M.Nose: "Observation and measurement of dynamic behavior of the Kurobe Dam", pp. 461-479, Monteal, ibid., Motreal, 1970.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 M.Yoshida: "Mechanical behavior or Kurobe Dam and its foundation and safety of the dam", ibid., pp. 17-38, Rio de Janeiro, 1982.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 T.Watanabe and Y.Takemura: "Characteristics of staged construction in Kurobe Dam", ibid., pp. 453- 473, 1994.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 M.Tezuka, K.Kataoka, and Y. Shigemitsu: "Long-term behavior of Kurobe Dam and its foundation rock", ibid., pp. 1337-1361, 2000.
- 1 Kurobe River No. 4 Hydropower Plant, 1956-63
- 2 Pelton Turbines
- 3 275kV Oil-Filled Cables
- 4 275kV Transmission System
- 5 Series Capacitor Bank
- 6 Civil Engineering Innovations
- 7 Social Significance
- 8 Technical Innovation
- 9 Conquest of Financial Obstacles
- 10 Victory over Geographic Difficulties
- 11 Location(s) of Milestone plaque(s)
- 12 References
- 13 Map


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The Kobe Club is a non-profit, private membership club serving Kansai's international community. Featuring fine dining and a wide range of events and activities, it is a center of social, cultural and family life for the transient and long-term expatriate as well as the internationally minded local resident.
Located in a beautiful setting against the Futatabi Hills in central Kobe, Japan, the Club property includes manicured gardens, an outdoor swimming pool, a squash court, generous parking and a main building that houses dining and bar facilities, a ballroom, private meeting rooms, a fitness center and shower/changing rooms. The well-appointed and spacious lounge bar overlooks the pool area and gardens, while the Kitano Terrace restaurant offers both casual and gourmet dining.
Please explore the Kobe Club through our website and contact us if you require additional information. If you are moving to the Kansai or are new to the area, our Club is an excellent place to start making friends and acquaintances and can indeed turn into a 'home away from home'.

subset: commoncrawl


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Langdon Cooking At Home
Having grown up just down the road from the track in Pomona, Shawn Langdon knows all the secret spots at that wonderful old dragstrip. He knows the best places to get autographs, to eat, to find freebees, to watch races and to run wild with friends.
On Sunday, he would like to explore one place he has never been at Auto Club Raceway – Victory Lane.
"That," the 27-year-old Langdon said during a phone call last week, "would be special."
And that, people who followed his rookie season of 2009, would be possible.
Langdon is one of the promising young stars of the NHRA Full Throttle Drag Racing Series.
Last season, the Top Fueler got his first start and it came at Pomona in February. He fell to Cory McClenathan in the first round of eliminations but he was off and running.
Driving for the Morgan Lucas Racing team, he went on to earn a berth in the Countdown and went on to place ninth in the final point standings.
On Thursday, the first day of qualifying for this year's season-opening Winternationals in Pomona, Langdon posted the second-fastest run. McClenathan was first. Langdon dropped two places on Friday but is still in the top five.
If Langdon gets his first-ever pro victory on Sunday, there will be a large contingent of family and friends on hand with whom to celebrate as Auto Club Raceway in Pomona is truly Langdon's home track.
Langdon grew up Mira Loma, a farming community just south of the famed Ponoma track.
His father was a Sportsman racer and Shawn liked to do what most sons of racers do – hang out at the track. There was a catch as approval for trips to the strip depended on Shawn getting good grades, but the grades must have been good enough.
Once at the track, father and son and the son's friends went their separate ways as they had separate interests.
"It was a cool thing. My dad and I would take off and go out there on the weekend and go to the races and he was always big with the Sportsman guys because that's where he grew up," Langdon said. "But I always enjoyed going out there and watching the pros run. John Force and Kenny Bernstein and Don Prudhomme and Joe Amato and stuff."
Langdon admired those drivers for their skills, but he chased them for their penmanship.
"I always enjoyed going around and getting all their autographs. That was always my cool thing. I'd get their autographs, their pro cards for my room. That was my entertainment for the week.
"I'd always go over by Lori Johns' pit because she was sponsored by (candy-maker) Jolly Rancher. I'd always walk by there a few times and grab some Jolly Ranchers out of the bag. Just something I always enjoyed. And my dad at the races, it was just something we could do together."
Langdon was a top high school athlete. Baseball may have been his best sport in school. A pitcher. Perhaps professional quality, too.
But it was the noise and speed which ended up keeping him in drag racing, a sport he took up at 11 years of age.
Once Langdon put the glove and bat away and decided on racing, he began to climb the Sportsman ladder.
He earned two Super Comp championships and caught the eye of Morgan Lucas Racing.
And then, just days before the 2009 Winternationals, he slipped into a Top Fuel car for the first time. It was an interesting slip-in.
"I had been in Super Comp racing for a living," Langdon said. "It was like, 'I got to go to race this week and win so I can pay my bills.' I really kind of overcame a lot of my just being nervous."
"I'd never even driven one of these (Top Fuel cars). I don't know what to do. I'm hopping in an 8,000 horsepower car, I'm going to go 320 miles per hour, I don't know what the heck I'm doing.
"I'm feeling pretty good about it. But right before they fired the car up, I thought I was going to puke."
There will be no puking this weekend. Langdon has become a real gosh darn Top Fuel driver and the nervousness has settled down to a simmer.
About the only awkwardness he will feel is when he is out of the car. To be precise, when he's approached by young Shawn Langdons for his autograph.
"That's probably one of the hardest things for me to grasp," Langdon said. "Kids coming up to me and asking for my autograph. It was just kind of weird when they ask and get kind of excited because 'I got Shawn Langdon's autograph.' I still look at John Force and all those guys I looked up to like they are on another level. I just feel like a lucky kid who got an opportunity of a lifetime."
Come this Sunday though, it may be Force searching Langdon for an autograph.
And in Langdon's own backyard.
– Jim Pedley can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com Comment


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Difference between revisions of "Panama City"
Revision as of 15:46, 28 January 2013
Panama City is the capital of Panama.
Panama City is a very multicultural place, with large populations from many different parts of the world. Spanish is spoken by most, and many speak some form of English. Customer service is slowly improving, and surprisingly dismal in hotels. However, on the streets Panamanians are for the most part extremely friendly and helpful and would love to give you some advice. There's great shopping, from high-end stores in the malls around Paitilla and in the banking district around Via Espana, to veritable bargains around La Central (Central Avenue, now turned into a pedestrian walkway) and the Los Pueblos outdoor mall. You can find many ethnic stores (mostly Chinese and Indian), in certain parts of the City.
Get in
By plane
Tocumen International Airport (IATA: PTY) is just outside Panama City (it's part of the San Miguelito district, which has been incorporated as a separate city but essentially exists as part of Panama City). The airport is a hub for Copa Airlines (nonstop service from Chicago), and is also served by American Airlines (Dallas/Ft.Worth, Miami), Delta Airlines (Atlanta, Georgia), United Airlines (Houston, Newark), Avianca (Bogotá, Colombia) and TACA (San José, Costa Rica and San Salvador, El Salvador). Most major Central American airlines, and several South American airlines and European Airlines also serve the city. There are at least six daily flights to and from Miami, two from Orlando and Atlanta, and three daily flights from Houston, 1 from Los Angeles LAX, two from Newark, and 1 from New York's JFK. There are daily flights to Mexico City; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Port-au-Prince, Haiti; Caracas, Venezuela; Santiago, Chile; Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paolo, Brazil; Buenos Aires, Argentina; Havana, Cuba; Kingston, Jamaica, at least 7 Colombian cities (Medellín, Cali, Pereira and Bogotá included) and several international destinations. There's also service to Madrid, Spain, and service to Amsterdam with KLM.
Getting to the city center from Tocumen is unfortunately not easy. Taxis cost $30, which can be reduced to $10 if you can find two other people to share with. Depending on traffic, the trip can take well over an hour.
If you don't want to pay for a taxi, there are modern, air-conditioned buses which cost $1.25 to get to the city center from the airport, but as of February, 2012, the buses only accept fare cards, not cash, and in September, 2012, there was still no place to buy fare cards in the airport. However, the bus is always full of people going to and from the airport, so you can probably find someone willing to pay your fare with their card; you can pay them back in cash. Take the bus going to Albrook, from the bus stop that is across the street, farther from the airport, by the billboards. You can find the stop by following cars, airport employees, or a worn dirt footpath out of the parking lot, but the general direction is to the right after you exit the terminal. It's no more than a 5-minute walk. Ride the bus all the way to Albrook, which seems to take about 2 hours regardless of the time of day, and you can buy a fare card at the Albrook transit center once you get there. There is a $2 fee for the card.
At the same bus stop as those of the modern, air-conditioned buses, you can also grab an old chiva bus to the city center. These do not require a fare card and the cost is $0.25. Most chiva buses passing by will go to the city center. Ask the driver though if he is passing by close to where you need to go. If you have a lot of luggage with you, these buses are probably not your best bet.
Also, forget anything you may have heard about the red devil buses--they no longer serve the airport, although they are still common in the city.
Domestic flights leave out of Gelabert/Albrook Airport (IATA: PAC) ICAO/MPMG, a former US military airfield (Albrook Air Force Base). Domestic airlines are safe, and many fly very modern small jet aircraft. There's daily flights to every major town and city in the country. The major carriers here are AirPanama [13] and Aeroperlas [14].
By train
There's only train service between Panama City and Colón. It's mostly a freight train, but it has a very nice passenger car. The train ride offers excellent views of the Panama Canal and the tropical rainforest.
By car
By bus
Panama City has one of the most modern Bus Terminals of whole Latin America. It s the main Hub and well organized. The terminal is next to the Albrook airport (the domestic terminal) and it is very easy to find a bus here. All of the international buses ("tica buses" too) starts and ends in this terminal. Arrivals are usually on the top floor and you can transfer to city busses on the lower level.
The mall of which the terminal is a part of the complex, offers practically all that a traveler may want: showers, cinemas and plenty of shopping, etc.
Bus Lines
By boat
Get around
One of the easiest ways to get around town is by taxi. Taxis do not have a meter. Fares are set by the authorities, and are determined based on what section of the city you are starting at and what section of the city you are going to, with a surcharge for every additional person. The cab driver should have a table (which may include a map) that will show the costs for the fare, and they are required to show it to you if you ask. Fares are around $1.25 for travel within one zone, and the longest fares within the City at about $5. Keep in mind that the former Canal Zone is in a different section, and it will be at least a $5 fare. The surcharge for additional passengers should be $.50/additional passenger, and there's also a $.40 surcharge if you call a cab (at least these were the prices a few years ago). A taxi to or from the international airport typically costs $25 plus tolls if you take the Corredor Sur highway. A taxi to the Amador Causeway costs between $5 - $10. Cab drivers do not expect tips, and they may pick up additional passengers along the way. The rule is that unless there's little to no deviation from the first person's route, the first person picked up is the first person dropped off, otherwise they will ask if it's ok to pick up the other fare. Cabs can also be rented for the day, and the fares again are set (probably around $20-$25). In this case, they will expect a little extra (tip and/or lunch).
Getting around by bus is also cheap and convenient. Fares are $0.25 and the destination of the bus is written across the front windshield in large letters. Buses are privately owned and drivers usually compete with each other for passengers. For this reason, buses have colorful decorations to attract customers. During rush hour some buses can get crowded, and it is not unusual to see 3 people seated on a 2-person bench and lots of people standing along the aisle. It is not advised to use buses during these hours.
The city has begun replacing the flamboyant "red devils" with modern, air-conditioned city buses ("MetroBus," look for the orange sign to find stops), but the red devils are still around. The MetroBus buses do not accept cash, so make sure to buy a fare card at one of the city's many malls before using them.
Panamanian crafts High end crafts can also be purchased from shops in the Centro de Artesanias in Balboa neighborhood or in the shops of Mi Pueblitos. Indian stores on every major shopping distric (El Dorado mall and surroundings, Los Pueblos, and along Via Espana) also sell many Panamanian souvenirs. Gran Morrison is also a place to find many handicrafts.
There's several cafes along Via Argentina. The Spanish sandwich shops offer excellent sandwiches, coffee, and churros. Try Manolo's Churreria (don't miss the churros rellenos, pastries filled with dulce de leche and rolled in sugar) or Del Prado. Sandwiches should cost from $3-$5. Also on Via Argentina is El Trapiche, serving traditional Panamanian food for under $12/person. They serve excellent breakfast food. Niko's Cafe has several locations around the City. Owned by Greeks, they are all open 24 hours and the have a good selection of sandwiches and hot food served all day long. Don Lee is a panamanian chain serve Chinese fast food, and definitely worth a try. There's an abundance of Chinese restaurants, and some can be very affordable. Try some around El Dorado, they should be pretty authentic.
Doraditos Asados in Chanis. An extremely popular panamanian restaurant that's always full and can take an infuriating amount of time to order. That said it's likely always filled by locals because the prices are cheap and the food is extremely good. In particular the rotisserie chicken (a full one costs about $5) is a local favorite with two types of chimichurri to choose from.
Fish market outside of Casco Viejo. Entering Casco Viejo there's the main fish market for the city exists and has recently undergone some refurbishing. There are some restaurants upstairs where the fish is obviously very fresh and the prices are cheap.
Restaurante Poly (Corner of 26th and Avenida Sur) A very crowded, noisy and not very hygienic restaurant, it's however a truly gastronomic experience. Do not miss the delicious fish soups and the bistec picado, both for under 2 USD each.
Calle Uruguay is a neighborhood filled with bars and discos for wealthy Panamanians and foreigners.
Taberna 21 is a local hangout serving great cheap beer and Spanish tapas.
Buy and try some Panamanian and Cuban coffee while you're here. It will be some of the best you've ever had.
Stay safe
Be careful in both Casco Viejo and the Panama la Vieja ruins area. There are tourist police aplenty in both neighborhoods but do not wander too far in these areas alone (even in the day) and certainly not in the evening.
Stay out of El Chorillo, Santa Ana, Curundu and San Miguel. It is very dangerous right now due to infighting between drug gangs. Tourists have been kidnapped right off the street. El Chorillo borders San Filipe so it is very easy to unknowingly walk into it. When driving, car doors should be locked.
Look both ways before crossing the street! Panamanian drivers are notoriously aggressive when the traffic allows and will not slow down for you even if you're lucky enough to find a crosswalk. There's only one way to cross the road here. Wait for a break in the traffic and walk. Once you start, keep going. Drivers will stop(99% of the time......). Otherwise you'll be stuck for hours waiting.
The central neighborhoods of Marbella, El Cangrejo, Obarrio, San Francisco, and the Banking Area are generally the most safe. In any case, be careful of your belongings, even if sitting in a restaurant, as people have had things snatched without noticing it. It is never a good idea to drink heavily and walk back to your hotel.
A dumb tourist mistake is bragging aloud about how cheap things are when local wages are also much lower compared to the United States, Canada, and western Europe.
It's always a good idea (in any country really) to spend a few minutes to find out exact taxi fares before taking a taxi and always have exact change for the correct fare. This avoids over-charging and problems with some drivers. Having to ask a taxi driver how much the fare is is the equivalent to saying "charge me anything you want" as you're telling him you don't know what to pay. From El Dorado to Via Argentina, some have been told the fare is $5, or $10, or $20. The real fare for one person is much closer to $1.75.
Outside of Multiplaza, Albrook and Multicentro are some very good looking taxis. The drivers wear nice shirts and the taxis have proper signs on the roof. The drivers will most likely ask you if you are interested. NEVER take these taxis. All they do is wait for foreigners and then charge four times the price.
Some taxis at the main bus station prey on visitors as well. Never put your belongings in the trunk. Sit in the back seat along with your belongings and have your luggage firmly grasped while entering and exiting the vehicle. The reason? They can drive away with your things while you are still trying to get in. Lock the doors once inside. Avoid and ignore anyone who approaches you to "get a taxi for you"; go to the curb to get one yourself. At best they will want money for this "service" amounting to half the taxi fare; at worst, they are setting you up to be robbed with certain drivers with whom they work. Lastly, the cabs are marked on the door with a unique registration number -- memorize it or write it down and secretly tuck it safely away on your person before entering any cab.
Never lose your temper with taxi drivers or police (or anyone else really) no matter how bad you may find a situation or service in some places. Exert your rights politely but firmly.
Get out


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02/2012 Tunic Dress
Added Feb 13, 2012
Munich, Germany
Tunic Dress
Pattern also contains lines and markings for a tunic top.
burda style magazine patterns FAQ
Material Notes
Silk crepe, 135 cm (53 ins) wide: 1.70 m (1 7/8 yds). 1 invisible zip, 22 cm (9 ins) long, and a special presser foot.
Recommended fabrics: Softly draping fabrics with some body, with or without elastane.
2 Comments Sign in to add a post
Mar 12, 2014, 07.40 AMby maggiemc
I agree. It is hard to see the style lines. Could Burda please add a technical drawing or a link that would show us the lines?
Apr 2, 2012, 02.47 AMby susanne2011
As this dress is black, it is very hard to see any darts or style lines on the dress. It is thus very hard to tell whether this dress in any different from another basic shift dress with cap sleeves that Burdastyle offers (e.g. www.burdastyle.com/projects/cap-sleeve-shift-dress). Would be great if Burdastyle could add a technical drawing of this dress to make this more obvious.
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Tunic Dress 02/2012 #119B
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01 Monte Carlo Fuse Box | Wiring Library 01 Monte Carlo Fuse Box01 Monte Carlo Wiring Diagram - 01 Monte Carlo Door Lock Wiring Diagram - Disclaimer: We don't host ANY of these image files. We never store the image file in our host. We just links to many other sites out there. If you need to remove any file, please contact original image uploader.. klik p billedet here is a wiring scheme that should work one in each door this diagram is the same way i wired mine the red wires going to 87a got me confused until i You may looking 76 Monte Carlo Wiring Diagram document throught internet in google, bing, yahoo and other mayor seach engine. This special edition completed with other document. 2003 Monte Carlo Radio Wiring Ebook 2003 Monte Carlo Radio Wiring currently available at exeterculturalpartnership.co.uk for review only, if you need complete ebook 2003.
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Toyota Vice President of Marketing Jack Hollis introduces the all new TRD Pro Series for the 2015 Toyota Tundra, 4Runner and Tacoma at the 2014 Chicago Auto Show, Thursday, Feb. 6, 2014. Photo: Joe Polimeni
Toyota Racing Development, (TRD) U.S.A.: 35 Years of American Motorsports Expertise Infographic
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Visiting family members in-person at their homes is really the best way to find family treasures. Not only do you get the opportunity to see people you don't necessarily see everyday, you get to see what family information they have held onto.
Recently, I stopped by my aunt and uncle's home in Napa. I had not seen them since Christmastime and want my children to know who they are. They are my connection to my past, my grandparents, my childhood, and my family.
My Borchers side of the family in Napa is the family that I grew up with and spent many a day with enjoying the holidays, family and fun together.
I have never been too pushy or insistent (as I could be) on retrieving family tree information about my Borchers side of the family because I know that I can have access. Finding time to review the information, photograph and make copies or scans of the information is another story. The time issue is on me though and I realize that I do need to make the time.
History truly is within my reach for my Borchers family. Below is yet another photo that my aunt discovered recently. It is a photo of my great grandfather whom I knew personally.
|Herbert Borchers, Sr.
|Mary Borchers
Born: Maria Luise Katharine Vienop
I love this photo of my great grandma. I am fortunate to have many photos of her and to have known her well. I was 18 years old when she passed away. She is young here and it was before she was married.
|Marie's Piano
My grandma (Dorothy Borchers Flanagan) was the original person who played this piano. Herbert and Mary Borchers bought it because she learned to play piano in the 1930s and was quite good. But Dorothy's interest waned and she did not continue to play. Her younger sister also took up piano during this time. She, of course, stuck with it.
The above piano was originally housed in the living room of my great grandparents home but it has been with my aunt since she probably got married and moved out of her parents' home. While she has played this piano many times over, so have hundreds of her piano students. This piano has seen regular use by many budding students and some accomplished pianists since the 1930s.
Until 2012, students were learning to play everyday on this piano during the regular school year. Upon her retirement from teaching, she indicated over 47 years of teaching piano. From the neighbor friend that my aunt taught in the late 1930s, to her niece (my mother as her student in the 1950s), she taught many to play. In fact, I count closer to over 60 years of piano instruction.
The value of this piano can only be measured in my family by its intrinsic value which makes it priceless.
Again, only by visiting my family in-person would I have been so lucky to have access to the above information from the past and get to experience the living connections to my family line. I am very grateful and fortunate.


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Teach your children spelling 26 words with this easy-to-learn and fun trivia game. Enjoy "Kids 101" with your children during holiday time."Kids 101" is the latest product of the best spelling educational trivia games series Kids 101, created by Divine Games, one of the best game publishers in trivia and educational games area. "Kids 101" is targeting pre-school children to help them spelling 26 essential words by progressive content and fun game-play.We keep updating the content and will provide more words in near future updates.
Highlights:1. Fun and interesting game play designed for pre-school children.2. Colorful and vivid images.3. Progressive difficulty.
Put your agility to the test and challenge yourself and your friends!Keep up with IQ Adventure and other Divine Games products:
Visit our website at http://divine.digital and follow us on Social Media! You will find tips and tricks and other interesting and helpful information.
Twitter: @divinegameshkFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/IQ.Adventure
Also share your thoughts about our game and discuss with the community!If you have any questions or concerns, please dont hesitate to contact us on Twitter, Facebook or email: email@example.com


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Useless ESPN Bowl Projections Week 12
In this week's useless ESPN bowl projections, here are the B1G bowl games predicted by ESPN's Edwards & Schlabach.
Italics= Not enough B1G teams bowl eligible to fill slots.
|Rose Bowl presented by Vizio
|Nebraska vs Stanford
|Nebraska vs Stanford
|Capital One Bowl
|Michigan vs Texas A&M
|Michigan vs Texas A&M
|Outback Bowl
|Wisconsin vs Florida
|Wisconsin vs South Carolina
|Taxslayer.com Gator Bowl
|Northwestern vs Miss. State
|Northwestern vs Miss. State
|Buffalo Wild Wings Bowl
|State vs Oklahoma St.
|State vs Iowa St.
|Meineke Car Care Bowl of TX
|Minnesota vs Iowa St.
|Minnesota vs Texas Tech
|Heart of Dallas Bowl
|Purdue vs TCU
|Purdue vs TCU
|Little Caesar's Pizza Bowl
|Kent State vs Western Kentucky
|No. Illinois vs San Jose St.
Other matchups of note-
|BCS National Championship
|Georgia vs Notre Dame
|Alabama vs Notre Dame
|AT&T Cotton Bowl
|Texas vs Alabama
|Texas vs LSU
|Bell Helicopter Armed Forces
|Air Force vs UCF
|Air Force vs ECU


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He's had three attempts at being a comic book hero, and all three ended up critical and box-office disappointments.
Now, Ryan Reynolds says he's still keen on returning to one of those roles – but isn't likely to be back for the other.
The one he's still up for is the role of Deadpool, which Reynolds played in "X-Men Origins: Wolverine". A stand-alone Deadpool movie has been in development for a few years, but hasn't progressed much despite "Zombieland" scribes Paul Wernick and Rhett Reese having already penned a script.
This week, Reynolds explained why in an Empire podcast:
""I love Deadpool and there is a script that's in development. But it's so, so far into the R-rated zone… it's a nearly NC-17 world and I just don't know if the studio would ever risk their reputation doing it.
We've been developing it and we would never wanna do it unless you could it that R-rated way, so the script has a similar tone [to Zombieland], almost. Reese and Wernick wrote it and they developed it as well and, you know, it's sitting there.
You could do it for a pittance compared to the modern sort of epic scale superhero movies, but it's about a guy who knows he's in a movie and knows he's in a comic book who is deeply mentally disturbed and hyper violent. And that's tough to get by a studio.
Reynolds adds that this version of the character would not fit within the Deadpool story from Wolverine.
That character would really sully that whole world. The script is one rewrite away from Deadpool jumping across the desk at the studio executive and attacking him. But I've always wanted to do the movie if only because Deadpool would get to do his own movie trailer.
So that's a thing that we were dying to do and we would love to be a part of that. I don't know how it would fit though, no. In the current iteration of the script, it doesn't address Wolverine – though it does address Deadpool's appearance in Wolverine. Deadpool was not happy with Deadpool in Wolverine. He has a sort of a WTF!? moment with that.
Asked about the current state of the "Justice League" film and whether he would return as Green Lantern, Reynolds did not sound particularly keen:
I don't know. If you're gonna do comic book movies in that vein, you really have to get them right. I believe that Joss Whedon is the guy that just nails it and Christopher Nolan obviously nails it. So if they were gonna do it like that, it would be an interesting thing to do.
it's just that… working on Green Lantern, I saw how difficult it is make that concept palatable, and how confused it all can be when you don't really know exactly where you're going with it or you don't really know how to access that world properly – that world comic book fans have been accessing for decades and falling in love with.
So at this point I have very little interest in joining that kind of world. But, you know, a great script and a good director can always turn that around.


text: Yamaha Releases New 2014 Viking Side-by-Side June 11, 2013 03:10 PM Tweet 2014 Viking TAGS: Marketing, Overseas December 18, 2014 By Sara Brown Farm Journal Livestock and Production Editor Email There's full seating for three, roomy cabin dimensions and improved air intake system in the new 2014 Viking side by side vehicle from Yamaha Motor Corporation. The 2014 Viking and Viking EPS models are powered by a 686cc, liquid-cooled, fuel injected SOHC engine to deliver strong low-end acceleration while pulling hard through the rpm range. Top speed is 50 mph. "This is the most comfortable and off-road capable vehicle in its class based in large part on feedback from farmers and ranchers, who asked for a rugged, high-capacity utility vehicle that is also comfortable and fun to drive," said Mike Martinez, vice president of Yamaha's ATV/Side-by-side Group. "The all-new Viking is the only side-by-side to offer true three-person seating capacity with other features that farmers and ranchers want like electric power steering and enough cargo capacity to hold a fully-loaded pallet." That work mentality is evident in the Viking's industry-exclusive three-position On-Command four wheel drive system lets riders dial between two-wheel drive, limited-slip four-wheel drive and fully locked differential four-wheel drive. An automatic centrifugal clutch maintains constant belt tension for reduced belt wear and uses a sprag clutch for all-wheel downhill engine braking in four-wheel drive mode and reverse. Key to the Viking's engine performance is a large-capacity air intake system that helps prevent overheating and assists in keeping water and debris from entering the drive case. The electric power steering is powered by a separate motor for precision and dampens steering feedback when you encounter terrain obstacles. Exclusive to the Viking are four Maxxis Big Horn 2.0 tires. Made to work While the Viking appeals to many demographics, crop farmers will appreciate the overall machine width's to minimize row crop damage and 11.8" ground clearance. Livestock farmers will also appreciate the tough, rotomolded doors that help keep mud, water and dirt out of the vehicle and a 1,500 lb. tow capacity. All riders will enjoy a roomier cabin, lower seat height and the pass-thru cab design for easy enter and exit. The Viking also has 40 all new accessories for riders to customize their side-by-side, including a bed rail system and windshield to full cab enclosure. Game changer New products are not all that is changing for Yamaha. The company has also completed production transfer of all 4x4 ATVs and side by sides for worldwide distribution to Yamaha Motor Manufacturing Corporation (YMMC) in Newnan, Ga. More than $250 million has gone into the 875,000 sq. ft. factory expansion and upgrade. Current ATV lines will be assembled here, as well as the new Viking. Back to news


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Product Details
Chevy Cruze 1.4L 2011-2013, Aluminum Gunmetal Gray Cold Air Intake System by AEM®. To deliver cooler air to the engine, this air intake system places the air filter outside the engine compartment. Cooler air is denser than warm air and so contains more oxygen, which results in better combustion and more power.
Notes: This is a CARB compliant part, legal for use on vehicles built to meet CARB standards and/or registered in California and other states which follow CARB standards (CARB EO: D-670-22).
|Filter Shape: Round
|Filter Color: Red
|Filter Height: 5.25"
|Tube Finish: Gunmetal Gray
|System Type: Cold Air Intakes
|Material: Aluminum
|HP Gain: Up to 13 hp
|TQ Gain: Up to 19 lbs./ft.
|Air Filter Material: Non-woven Synthetic
|Replacement Filter: 21-202DK
|RPM Gain: 3400
- Delivers more oxygen to the combustion chamber by drawing in cooler air
- Custom designed and engineered to deliver maximum power for each specific vehicle
- Every system includes the innovative, oil-free, high-flow AEM Dryflow™ air filter
- Dyno-tuned air intake pipe constructed of mandrel-bent 6061 aluminum for smooth airflow
- Comes complete with all necessary mounting hardware and comprehensive installation instructions
- Backed by the AEM limited lifetime warranty
- Proudly manufactured in the USA
- Air Intake
- 3 Stainless Steel Regular Clamps
- 1 Coupler
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KALAMAZOO - Two early touchdowns and a strong defensive effort lifted the Kalamazoo College football team to a 14-10 win over Adrian College in Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association play at Angell Field on Saturday.
An Adrian turnover led to Kalamazoo's first score early in the first quarter. The Bulldogs won the coin toss and elected to receive the opening kickoff, but turned the ball over on its third offensive play when Kalamazoo's Hartlee Lucas intercepted a pass near midfield and returned it to the Adrian 20-yardline. Brock Rucinski connected with Josh Wise on a seven yard touchdown pass just four plays later to put the Hornets up 7-0. Rucinski stepped in for that one play after starting quarterback Aaron McGuire's helmet came off on the previous play.
Kalamazoo struck again early in the second quarter (14:01) as McGuire found Alex Dietrich in the end zone for an eight yard touchdown to complete a 10-play, 80-yard drive. Kalamazoo took the 14-0 lead into halftime while holding Adrian to just seven passing yards in the first half and 73 yards of total offense.
Adrian took advantage of a Kalamazoo fumble early in the third quarter (9:35) as Dustin Salliotte made a 31-yard field goal to make it a 14-3 game. The Bulldogs scored on a seven yard touchdown pass from Aaron Tenney to Nathan Hartline with 12:38 left in the fourth quarter to make it 14-10. Tenney, Adrian's starting quarterback, was one of three Bulldog quarterbacks to see action in the game.
Adrian had three more possessions in the final quarter and made it inside Kalamazoo territory on each, but the Hornet defense held strong to preserve the win.
"It was a great team win and I am really proud of the way our guys fought," said Kalamazoo Head Coach Jamie Zorbo. "We really executed the game plan and kept fighting to the end."
Kalamazoo put up 269 yards of total offense while holding Adrian to 257 yards. The Hornets converted 7-of-17 third down opportunities while stopping the Bulldogs on 13-of-16 attempts. Adrian was also 0-for-4 on fourth down conversions.
Kalamazoo's Aaron McGuire was 18-of-29 passing for 209 yards with a touchdown and an interception. Alex Dietrich led the Hornets with nine catches for 112 yards and a score. Elijah Hamilton-Wray rushed for 44 yards on 24 carries while McGuire also carried the ball 17 times.
"Aaron [McGuire] and Brock [Rucinski] both did an outstanding job stepping in at quarterback," Zorbo said. "
Adrian's Aaron Tenney was 11-of-31 passing for 110 yards with a touchdown and two interceptions. Josh Delaney led the Bulldogs with six catches for 88 yards. Damon Brown had 89 yards rushing on 21 carries.
Dylan Zerki led the Hornet defense with 13 total tackles. Alan Mencer and Ian Good each had seven tackles with Good also having a quarterback sack. Hartlee Lucas made six tackles to go with two interceptions and four pass breakups. Jake Larioza was in on five tackles with two for lost yardage and one quarterback sack.
"Hartlee Lucas and Octavius Sanders played great in the secondary today and our defensive line was phenomenal up front today," said Zorbo.
Jack Carter led Adrian's defense with 11 total tackles.
Kalamazoo plays its final home game of the season next Saturday, Nov. 9 when the Hornets face Alma College at 1 p.m.


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Composer Milton Babbitt, who was known for his complex orchestral compositions and credited with developing the first electronic synthesizer in the 1950s, has died. He was 94.
Babbitt died Saturday of natural causes at University Medical Center at Princeton in New Jersey, the university announced.
In the 1950s, RCA hired Babbitt as a consultant as it was developing the Mark II synthesizer. He became a founder and director of the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center, where the synthesizer was installed.
He blended electronic music with vocal performances in compositions such as "Vision and Prayer" and "Philomel" in the 1960s and "Reflections" in the 1970s.
"Milton has managed to do something that almost no other composer, except maybe Bach, has done to such an extent: the technique is the content of the music and the content of the music is the technique, a perfect symbiosis," composer and conductor Gunther Schuller told the Boston Globe in 2005. "The way he writes it is the way it has to come out."
Princeton awarded Babbitt a doctorate in 1992, 46 years after his dissertation on the 12-tone system of modern composers was rejected.
"His dissertation was so far ahead of its time it couldn't be properly evaluated at the time," Theodore Ziolkowski, a close friend of Babbitt's and then-dean of Princeton's graduate school, said in 1992.
In the mid-1940s, the music department awarded doctorates for historical musicology, not composing.
Ziolkowski said faculty members weren't satisfied with the honorary doctorate that Princeton had awarded Babbitt in 1991.
"We thought it wasn't right that such a distinguished composer and music theoretician who has contributed so much to music in this country should not have the degree he had earned," Ziolkowski said.
Born May 10, 1916, in Philadelphia, Babbitt grew up in Jackson, Miss., and earned degrees from Princeton and New York University. He joined Princeton's faculty in 1938 and became a professor emeritus of music there in 1984.
Paul Lansky, a composer and Princeton University colleague who was once a student of Babbitt's, said Babbitt felt strongly that music should be "an advanced subject that's open to study and contemplation the way philosophy or mathematics is. ... It was something he stood by his whole life."
Babbitt received a special Pulitzer citation for his life's work in 1982, won a MacArthur Foundation grant in 1986, and the Gold Medal of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters in 1988.
He told The Times in 1986: "Even so-called popular composers don't really care what an audience likes. In the end you write for yourself."
Babbitt is survived by his daughter, Betty Ann Duggan, and two grandchildren, Princeton said.
Composer Milton Babbitt, who was known for his complex orchestral compositions and credited with developing the first electronic synthesizer in the 1950s, has died. He was 94.


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by Tom Utescher
With relatively light graduation losses from the 2012 roster, a solid group of returning veterans should translate into a high volleyball IQ for the women of Chestnut Hill College this fall.
The team bid farewell to a pair of 2013 grads, 6'1" hitter Cassie Benson and setter Courtney Gallo, and Gallo was really the only active player lost, since a preseason injury kept Benson sidelined last fall.
"We have 11 returners and four new players," noted CHC head coach Kim Feeny, who is embarking upon her sixth season guiding the Griffins. "We're more mature now, and the new girls are just adding to our overall strength and experience."
The seniors include dynamic hitter Alex DePalma and dependable blocker Mary Markowski, along with setter Sarah Mattaliano. Their classmates Kailey Arlen and Allison Eberly are both 5'10" athletes who can play more than one spot in the front row.
The lone junior on the roster is six-foot right-side hitter Katie Schock, and the returning sophomores are defensive specialists Deanna Bianchini, Meghan Chiovitti and Elizabeth Levis, powerful middle hitter Rachel Biro, and setter Alyssa Tamsing.
A new addition to the team and to the college, Regina Trabosh, comes from just down the street, but she took a little detour along the way. A libero who starred for Mount St. Joseph Academy and graduated in 2012, Trabosh (the daughter of MSJ coach George Trabosh) originally committed to play at Temple University. She later decided to return close to her high school roots, and she still has four years of athletic eligibility.
"Regina adds more depth and experience to the passing," Feeny said, "and we also have three new freshmen. There's a setter who helps us to run the center of the court a little more efficiently and connect with our hitter. We also have a strong outside who hits a good heavy ball, and we have another outside hitter who adds depth to that position as well."
The hitters are Courtney Williams and Maddie McBride, and the setter is Emily Drew. The last two also bring some geographical diversity to Sorgenti Arena. McBride is a California native, and until recently Drew lived in Texas, where, as Feeny noted, "they play at a higher, faster pace than what is typically found with East Coast high school and club teams."
Last year's young Griffins produced close set scores in most of their matches, but often they just couldn't finish out with wins. They came in sixth out of the seven teams in the South Division of the Central Atlantic Collegiate Conference, finishing with a record of 5-14 in the CACC, and 9-21 overall.
"We have a good group of girls who get along very well, and they work hard when it's time to get down to business," Feeny observed. "We expect those things, along with our added maturity, to translate into increased success this season."


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The color of fall.
Susana Ms Heide 3/26/2005 8:19:28 AMAMAZINGLY beautiful! #229231
Amanda Olson 3/26/2005 11:41:21 AMJust a magnificent photograph Rostitlav! I love the colors and softness; Just lovely!!! :) #1208027
Margot Petrowski 3/26/2005 12:46:24 PMWOW!!! I love this!!! #1208124
Gustavo Márquez 3/27/2005 4:32:29 PMReally a good work! Fanstatic portrait of colors! #1210158
Mary K. Robison 4/16/2005 12:11:16 AMGorgeous! Congratulations on your POTD! #1258598
Evy Johansen 4/16/2005 12:13:51 AMAwesome image, Rostislav! Big congratulations on your POTD win!! #1258604
Muneer T. Al-Awami 4/16/2005 12:14:43 AMReally a nice work #1258608
Susie Peek-Swint 4/16/2005 12:40:51 AMBeautiful image ~ well deserved potd ~ congrats! #1258638
Howie Nordström 4/16/2005 1:00:31 AMThe softness is a wonderful touch. Nice photo! #1258647
Costas Partassides 4/16/2005 2:16:12 AMlovely image ! congrats on your potd ! #1258722
Kate Jackson 4/16/2005 2:29:01 AMReally beautiful image, Rostislav! Congrats!! #1258728
Scott Pedersen 4/16/2005 3:36:15 AMExcellent shot. #1258815
Laura Clay-Ballard 4/16/2005 4:02:54 AMWow. Fantastic. Gorgeous.
Deborah C. Lewinson 4/16/2005 4:16:40 AMCongrats on your POTD for this beautiful image! #1258883
Carolyn J. Connolly 4/16/2005 4:55:17 AMAbsolutely gorgeous autumn image, Rostislav! MANY congratulations on making Photo Of The Day with it - it is SO deserved! :-) #1258991
Loreen Smith 4/16/2005 5:25:21 AMVery beautiful! #1259113
Shellye O. Jones 4/16/2005 5:30:10 AMStunning shot. The colors are so vibrant! #1259135
Anya Crocker 4/16/2005 5:38:07 AMIt's really Beautiful. Nice work:) #1259171
Leonard Pierce 4/16/2005 5:45:42 AMCongratulations Rostislav!!! Very beautiful and very well done! #1259194
Blanca Acosta 4/16/2005 6:11:34 AMa perfect photo. #1259240
Kim Goreham 4/16/2005 6:12:21 AMThis is truly a work of art! Beautiful! #1259243
Cathy Barrows 4/16/2005 6:13:36 AMCongrats on your POTD...it is beautiful #1259246
Virginia L. Allison 4/16/2005 6:21:26 AMCongrats...beautiful photo. I can smell Fall by just looking at it. #1259267
Ralph A. Velasco 4/16/2005 6:23:41 AMI took a VERY similar shot but from under the Charles Bridge - same boat and everything. I didn't see this perspective but it's great. I was there in spring and so didn't catch these colors, either. Good stuff. #1259273
Elisabeth A. Gay 4/16/2005 6:29:15 AMWhat a beautiful POTD - congratulations Rostislav
Sanford Dickerson 4/16/2005 6:31:03 AMAbsolutely beautiful. would make a great wall hanging in someones office or home. Wish I made the photo. #1259292
Ted Langley 4/16/2005 6:40:17 AMNo denying this is a great photo...too bad we don't really get to see what it looked like before it was edited. I am not trying to berate the value of this photo, it is stunning and brings all sorts of wonderful feelings to mind. But what you see isn't always what you see...I see a great photo that may not have won POTD...but untouched, would have let us see what the photgrapher REALLY saw, not what he wants us to see. Again, I am not trying to devalue this picture...it's very beautiful and you are right Howie N., the softness adds an almost surreal feeling to the photo. Great eye for setting and presentation. #1259320
Josselyne Klecanda 4/16/2005 6:55:26 AMVery beautiful, Rostislave! Reminds me of the pictures that my daughter took when she visited my husband's relatives Prague last year.
Wendy Stevenson 4/16/2005 7:06:31 AMReally beautiful image. The treatment is well done and deserved of POTD!!! I really like the perspective too!! #1259383
Terri L. Scribner 4/16/2005 7:18:08 AMAbsolutely beautiful, Rostislave!! #1259410
Alicia A. Bruce 4/16/2005 7:24:27 AMbeautiful, I love it #1259441
Kimberly J. Whipps 4/16/2005 7:38:29 AMThis is fabulous. I love the colors and the added effects. I think it is perfect. Congrats..you deserve it! #1259494
Melissa Papaj 4/16/2005 7:45:29 AMCongrats! I absolutely LOVE this shot! #1259536
Greg McCroskery 4/16/2005 8:18:01 AMRostislav,
Sandy Driscoll 4/16/2005 8:23:57 AMGorgeous! Absolutely splendid colors!
Sharon Sharon 4/16/2005 9:43:17 AMLOVE the colors in the photo and the water and everything ...wonderful! Congrats #1259797
ANN VARELIS 4/16/2005 9:48:52 AMTed, re your comment above, yes, it would be interesting to see what it may have looked like 'before', but I wouldnt say "too bad" because art is not always what in fact you see, art is also what you see in your dreams and imagination and I think this is a perfect dream on photograph! I wish I had Greg's skills to create this photography-then I would put many of my dreams on print! Wonderful job! #1259804
Judy C. Greeb 4/16/2005 9:55:12 AMBeautiful picture, I LOVE the colors and vividness of the red in the building with the contrast of the fall colors. The cap that, the water as well. What a NEAT picture, excellent capture of a "moment" in nature!
Cindy K. Bracken 4/16/2005 10:02:30 AMThis is absolutely beautiful...the colors and softness are gorgeous. Congrats on a well-deserved POTD!
Goshka G. 4/16/2005 10:23:57 AMSimply a beautiful scene!! Love the colors! #1259880
Nancy C. Cassell 4/16/2005 5:15:57 PMYou are very talented photographer and artist. Would you please share how you produced this final image? #1260489
William C. Raco 4/16/2005 5:30:27 PMExcellent photo, Rostilav
bill #1260528
Donna La Mattino Pagakis 4/16/2005 5:32:24 PMThis is fabulous!! Lovely work!! #1260533
Mary L. Lemley 4/16/2005 6:04:22 PMBeauty is in the eye of the "beholder" and I definitely see beauty here!!! I did'nt even think of ps. editing until Ted? mentioned it. I haven't learned to use in my case, Arcsoft, as I would rather be out in the beauty itself capturing moments like this, and maybe some day I will visit a place outside of Alabama and if it catches my eye, shoot it in my OWN style also. Until then happy shooting and well-deserved POTD!!! Mary Lemley. #1260611
Kathleen K. Parker 4/16/2005 6:16:57 PMOutstanding, lovely, gorgeous image, Rostilav! It is truly breathtaking. Congratulations on the POTD!!
Alice Fugate 4/16/2005 10:05:31 PMHow Gorgeous a picture! This looks like a very romantic place to be. I love the shot. Congratulations!
alwin Fleming 4/17/2005 5:12:40 AMI love the colors and softness
Just question what shutter speed did you use and what aperture
alwin thnx #1261453
Mette Vendelboe Allison 4/21/2005 2:35:05 PMGreat classic composition, wonderful filters applied..makes it very idyllic and romantic! Congrats! #1277380
Dan Holm 4/21/2005 11:09:25 PMCONGRATULATIONS, Rostislav!!! A VERY well deserved FIRST PLACE win!!!!! Gorgeous! #1279084
Jordi Delgado 4/22/2005 12:44:45 AMWonderful shot, Rostislav!! Congratulations!!!
:-)) #1279245
Diane Dupuis 4/22/2005 5:38:40 AMCongrats! #1280137
Judith G. Secco 4/22/2005 5:43:15 AMA very beautiful image. Congratulations on your first place win.
Patricia A. Kuniega 4/22/2005 8:19:41 AMSimply wonderful! It takes us all away to another place, something which every great photo of this kind should do. How marvelous that with your special skills you have transported the viewer to such a beautiful location, if only in our minds. Superb work! Congratulations! #1280770
Tom Andersen 4/22/2005 8:42:55 AMCongratulations on your win, Rostislav! This is truly a standout image in my book! I really love the fabulous color! #1280824
Claudette Foote 4/22/2005 9:34:04 AMJust a magnificent photograph Congratulations on your win, Rostislav #1281004
Piotr M. Organa 4/22/2005 10:00:08 AMBeautiful photo! Congratulations, Rostislav!!!
Cathy Barrows 4/22/2005 2:03:40 PMCongrats on your win!...just beautiful #1281825
Wendy Stevenson 4/22/2005 2:18:57 PMCongratulations on this beautiful FIRST PLACE win!!! #1281877
Joline Frazier 4/22/2005 2:55:09 PMCongratulations on your win, it is a wonderfully colorful photo. #1281965
Bobbie Davis 4/22/2005 3:19:51 PMCongrats on this wonderful first place win!!! #1282034
Cesar J. La Rosa 4/23/2005 12:09:46 AMThis image is a dream, Rostilav!!!
Mary K. Robison 4/23/2005 12:48:30 AMRostilav, whatever you did to make this image as outstanding as it is, BRAVO!
And CONGRATULATIONS! on your well-earned First Place Win! #1282753
Mette Vendelboe Allison 4/23/2005 1:41:17 PMAnother congrats from me! #1284434
Cora Miller 4/23/2005 2:30:02 PMFantastic shot, Rostilav! I love the romance you've added with the enhancements. Congratulations on your first place win! #1284525
Jennifer S 4/23/2005 7:55:38 PMCongrats on your win, Rostilav! Gorgeous shot!! #1285182
Leonard Pierce 4/24/2005 7:44:45 AMCongratulations on your First Place win Rostislav!!! #1286579
Ed Heaton 4/24/2005 4:14:44 PMCongrats on this fine image! #1287727
Michael McCook 4/25/2005 6:28:30 AMCongratulations Rostislav, Great Image #1289276
Nancy Donnell 4/25/2005 4:41:45 PMGreat compositiona and beautiful colors! #1291030
Sue L. Cullumber 4/25/2005 4:51:52 PMWhat gorgeous colors!! #1291050
Dolores Neilson 4/26/2005 3:46:22 AMThis is a wall hanger!! Congrats on first place Rostislav!! Just wonderful!! #1292080
Carolyn J. Connolly 4/26/2005 5:26:23 PMRostislav, I LOVED this image from the first moment I saw it!! :o)
Sincere congratulations on your VERY deserved First Place win with it, and, I agree with Dolores - this would make a wonderful picture on the wall of ANY home, anywhere!! :-)
I'm sure you have many other beautiful images, Rostislav, so how about activating your gallery, and displaying some more of them for us to view?! Thank you... ;-) #1294667
Peggy Wolff 5/4/2005 3:25:26 PMCongratulations, this is stunning! Looks like a magical dream vacation. :o) #1319875
bob cornelison 5/12/2005 9:11:58 AMCongrats on this great shot!
Els De Winter 5/12/2005 1:57:48 PMCongratulations! Beautiful shot! Lovely colours! #1344840
Darren K. Fisher 5/22/2005 3:29:12 AMWhat a beautiful view and so full of wonderful colors. Congrats on your well deserved win. Better late than never. #1378139
Uploaded on 3/26/2005 12:03:52 AM
Copyright for this gallery photo belongs solely to Rostislav Glinsky. Images may not be copied, downloaded, or used in any way without the expressed, written permission of the photographer.
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Genetic Linkage connects new research findings, based on the wiring of my brain after years of writing a human genetics textbook and lots of articles. Here, the linking of sense and nonsense.
The excitement of genetic research these days is when genome sweeps of people sharing a disease reveal possible responsible genes. That's what happened when researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania looked at genomic landmarks among 1,114 brains from people who had died of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a form of dementia that affects movement.
PSP is a "tauopathy," in which the dark gummy protein tau, of Alzheimer's fame, smothers the brain. Compared to unaffected brains, the PSP brains differ in three genome neighborhoods, harboring three new
candidate genes that make sense: one impairs brain cells' abilities to untangle misfolded proteins, another boots misfolded proteins out of cells, and a third may help wrap brain cells in insulating myelin. New drug targets!
In genetics nonsense is important too. A nonsense mutation inserts a "stop" right smack in the middle of a gene, like a period in the middle of a sentence. It shortens the encoded protein, causing some 1800 diseases. Ignoring a nonsense mutation can restore function, like saving a sentence truncated by an errant period with a stroke of white-out. The idea isn't new – researchers discovered that bacteria can read-through nonsense mutations in the 1960s, and that certain common antibiotics, such as gentamicin, enable cells to read-through nonsense. Those drugs may provide old-fashioned (cheap) treatments for genetic diseases such as Rett syndrome. Alas, early attempts at treating cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy by suppressing nonsense mutations didn't work because the antibiotic doses necessary would be toxic.
Now Yi-Tao Yu and co-workers at the University of Rochester report in Nature that they have invented a way to mimic antibiotic-mediated nonsense suppression. They've used a synthetic RNA to chemically tweak nonsense codons so that they are instead read as bona fide amino acids, in essence altering the genetic code. So far this approach, dubbed RNA modification, works in a test tube. But carefully-directed nonsense suppression holds enormous promise for correcting many genetic diseases. Stay tuned!