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text:
Smash-hit, new mobile multiplayer game, Hockey Stars! Try first on Miniclip.com!
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
|2011-10-21, 18:37
|Link #261
Black Steel Knight
Join Date: Jul 2011
Location: Indonesia
|2011-10-21, 19:21
|Link #263
Senior Member
Join Date: Sep 2010
Age: 27
Last edited by LunarMoon; 2011-10-21 at 19:51.
|2011-10-21, 19:43
|Link #264
Senior Member
Join Date: Aug 2007
If you like sad & tragic endings that's fine but I am tired of people acting like sad=deep and happy=cliche. There are just as many sad endings in anime as there are happy ones. In fact I would say tragic endings are even more common in anime.
Also this whole thing about Brotherhood only being about fights. The first series had a great deal of fights too & there was plenty of focus on that. I guess first anime fans who like to put down Brotherhood just like to conveniently forget this.
Last edited by Kirarakim; 2011-10-21 at 19:59.
|2011-10-21, 19:56
|Link #265
Senior Member
Join Date: Jan 2007
|2011-10-21, 20:34
|Link #266
Senior Member
Join Date: Sep 2010
Age: 27
Last edited by LunarMoon; 2011-10-21 at 20:54.
|2011-10-21, 20:55
|Link #267
Senior Member
Join Date: Aug 2007
There are PLENTY of sad & tragic endings in fiction (these type of endings are not as original as you make them out to be). Just like there are plenty of happy ones. The tone of the ending does not make a series better or worse; it's what the viewer gets out of it & the presentation. And I personally like series with both types of endings. But I certainly don't think one is better or more unique than the other; because it definitely is not. That's why I can enjoy a film like Bicycle Thieves & Singing in the Rain and see the beauty of both.
Now I personally got far more meaning out of Brotherhood's ending than I did out of the first series. If you enjoyed the first series better & it was more meaningful to you well more power to you. But that doesn't mean Brotherhood or the manga lacked depth because it has a hopeful ending.
|2011-10-21, 21:32
|Link #268
Senior Member
Join Date: Jan 2007
Oh well, not my problem. Don't lemme stop you from revelling in your pseudo-philosophical melodrama and looking down on anything that tries to provoke an emotional resonance through something other than tragedy (and the supposed originality of taking a tragedy-esque direction in a storyline doesn't count for much either when said tragic elements are poorly implemented and sloppily written, not containing much of a purpose other than drama for the sake of drama (i.e. 2003 FMA anime), but that's neither here nor there).
Last edited by Vicious108; 2011-10-21 at 21:44.
|2011-10-21, 22:22
|Link #269
Senior Member
Join Date: Aug 2007
Has the theme of "relying on others" been done before? Certainly! But you know what so has the theme of the "hero" going at it alone to protect his loved one (ie: the first series).
They are both cliches it just depends on which one you prefer. And yes there are plenty of other cliches in the first series too.
Finally I never said the Fullmetal Alchemist manga/Brotherhood was about the "power of friendship". All I said was it was about relying on others and not solely one's own power. This is an important lesson for the brothers in the manga who early on try to do everything alone and don't trust others, slowly but surely they start to open up to others, tell them their problems, and rely on them.
More important there is strong aspect of the adults in the series working with the teens of the story and helping them out. If anything I would say it's far more common for stories to have the teenagers have to "grow up" & save the world on their own. In Fullmetal Alchemist for Ed & Al growing up was accepting help from others & learning to trust in adults.
As for One Piece I definitely enjoy it for what it is, but no I don't think it works its themes the same way as Fullmetal Alchemist at all. Maybe if you only look at both series on a very superficial level.
|2011-10-21, 23:02
|Link #270
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2008
Location: New York, NY
If I was to compare the first adaptation (I'll never call it original because an adaptation is not an original work) to the second adaptation and the manga I'd have to say that the second adaptation was actually more enjoyable for me.
Just because a work is dark and has some controversial themes doesn't make it deep and mature, just like a series that is overall hopeful and happy doesn't make it shallow and childish, and the first and second adaptations are prime examples of this.
In Brotherhood, they had quite a few themes such as moving on from the horrible things you faced in the past, placing your trust in others, forgiving yourself and those that have wronged you, and redeeming yourself from the crimes that you committed in the past, etc. all of which were realized and handled with great maturity. Though I tend to laugh at anyone who claims the manga and Brotherhood unrealistic considering that many of the characters in the manga and brotherhood were actually based on real people, just goes to prove that sometimes life isn't always pain and sorrow, people can and do move on with their lives.
As for why I think that the first adaptation wasn't as good (for the record I've always had problems with it) is not because of the angst and dark elements, in fact I love series with angst and dark elements (my love of Bokurano, Now and Then Here and There and Mirai Nikki can attest to that) its the way it handled those dark elements. With the first adaptation it seemed like it just used those elements were to just shock you, so that it could get a knee jerk reaction from you, but unfortunately it couldn't shock me so instead I was left wondering what the point was to them introducing the dark elements to begin with, especially when they came up out of no where and didn't really have a meaningless. Which ultimately gave me the impression that it was more preoccupied with topping the last the dark element it introduced than it was with just telling its story, which ended up making the story feel contrived.
|2011-10-22, 09:08
|Link #271
Senior Member
Join Date: Sep 2010
Age: 27
Huge post, but I tried to respond to as many posts as possible.
That would be the difference between a poorly done tragic series such as Basilisk and well done drama such as FMA 2003. One lacks anything resembling a plot, while the other uses its unusual elements to improve upon the entire whole. It adds points in the same way that not including a dragon in a fantasy adds points, but no one really cares that Harry Potter includes them, because both that creative point and everything else is so well written. Likewise, I would say the exact opposite if tragic elements suddenly became the norm (a "Reverse Hollywood Ending"?), while uplifting works suddenly became unusual shocks.
|2011-10-22, 09:31
|Link #272
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2008
Location: New York, NY
Dark elements isn't just gore and porn, it also includes things like matricide, ,filicide, patricide, and rape (which is what happened to Rose), and things you can't really define like Dante's entire character, etc.
|2011-10-22, 10:19
|Link #273
Senior Member
Join Date: Aug 2007
The first series also had plenty of other cliches: such as sacrificing yourself (which the manga thankfully negated); and the whole peaceful VS loud brother.
Spoiler for Manga Equivalent Exchange:
The theme is shown throughout the series not in GRAND moments like in One Piece with Luffy rescuing his Nakama. It's in small scenes like
Spoiler for Examples:
And it's further explored
Spoiler for for Ending:
Don't get me wrong I love One Piece but they are very different in their approach and I really don't see how you can say one is better than the other. One Piece is more about relying on your friends/Nakama, FMA is about not thinking you can or should do everything alone. It's a subtle difference but it is different.
There is nothing refreshing about a tragic tone to a story. What is refreshing is a well told story no matter the tone.
And besides we are talking about anime and with anime tragic & bitter sweet endings are common and nothing special.
edit: Added more spoiler tags just in case!
Last edited by Kirarakim; 2011-10-23 at 16:35.
|2011-10-22, 11:03
|Link #274
Senior Member
Join Date: Sep 2010
Age: 27
Also, though I agree with you about Gantz, I don't dislike it because it's childish. The Wizard of Oz, Alice in Wonderland, The Hobbit, and Chronicles of Narnia are childish, because, well, all of them were originally written for children, but they're still better than the overwhelming majority of fictional works. No, I dislike Gantz, and works similar to it, because its a mindless gore fest that fails to inspire any sort of emotional response for me. Art's purpose is to inspire an emotional response in its audience; that emotional response may vary from happiness, to sadness, to disgust, but if it inspires nothing, then in fails as an artistic work. Mindless violence, which FMA 2003 isn't, inspires nothing but apathy in me.
Spoiler for Multiple Spoilers For Full Metal Alchemist 2003:
|2011-10-22, 11:28
|Link #276
Senior Member
Join Date: Aug 2007
Father's Motivation
Spoiler for For Ending:
As for the whole Roy/Winry thing unfortunately the first anime made it all about Roy. Winry's loss & what it did to her was barely a factor. It was just a way to give Roy more angst.
Spoiler for For Ishval:
|2011-10-22, 13:00
|Link #277
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2008
Location: New York, NY
Also the 2003 did the same thing that Gantz did in that they only wanted a knee jerk emotional response, and in its same vein all of it was unnecessary and if it failed to elicit an emotional response out of you would only leave you confused as to why they did that. Again, I am not talking about content, I am talking about the method.
Your not answering my question, I know what happened but again, what was the point to all of that? What was the point to having Rose being raped, she hadn't been around since episode 2 so I didn't feel anything for her character, the emotional response was lost on me. Heck what was the point to what happened with Lior, Lior hasn't been around for just as long, so again what was the point of doing that to Lior, especially since Lior is already a part of the country so what was the point of the war, especially since Dante didn't have as much influence as Father did, how did they even explain this to the other higher ups? Yes one of the themes was War is hell but the effects Ishvalan war already drove that point home.
What was the point to Dante's character, I'm not talking about motivation or emotional response I'm asking for the point. She's just some crone whose afraid of dying. That's it there's nothing special about her, she's not smarter than anybody else, she's lacks charisma, and she wasn't that great at alchemy either, and her influence was also severely limited to just the homunculus. So how the heck was she able to do what she did? And for that matter what was ultimately the point to having her as a villain.
And also about Mustang and Winry's parents they didn't do anything with it, it was just introduced and like everything else dropped. They didn't even have Winry confront him about it, or even have tell Winry. It was just used as another reason to make Roy angst, the Ishvalans that he killed were people as well, so he was already in the wrong for killing those innocent civilians (which was already an established fact that most if not all alchemists killed civilians). By only having him concern himself with the Rockbells is like saying that the Ishvalans are less than them, which is actually a pretty racist message. There was literally no point having Roy kill Winry's parents to try and drive that point home, the fact that he (as well as many of the other characters) was involved with the Ishval war already drove that point home, introducing that and not doing anything with it was just unnecessary.
|2011-10-26, 01:12
|Link #278
Senior Member
Join Date: Sep 2010
Age: 27
Sorry for the long delay in the response. A slew of projects, exams, and a few extra errands kept me busy, but now that I have some time to breath, it's time to get back into the discussion.
Anyway, the following is my assessment of the series after watching it, and isn't really a direct response to anyone. It's pretty long so I decided to place it into spoiler tags to seperate the content. I mentioned that I was unimpressed by Brotherhood. That's largely due to the hype I had coming into it; I just can't see it as a #2 series, or as better than the 2003 anime.
Spoiler for Assessment of FMA Brotherhood:
Last edited by LunarMoon; 2011-10-26 at 02:07.
|2011-10-26, 08:51
|Link #279
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2008
Location: New York, NY
Also the things you just mentioned in FMA:B started before episode 40, Also kirakim is right about "trusting others" being a theme of Brotherhood and the manga, as Ed wouldn't have been able to been able to make it that far, it he didn't trust in others. Though the show never told us this, it showed us this through the actions of the characters and the fact that, it was the trust that they had for one another that ultimately made the coup d'etat successful.
Not series has to have dark elements to be considered good. In fact a series that has dark elements just to have them is not a good series at all. Also as I said before quite a few of the story lines and characters in Brotherhood were actually based off of real people and what they went through so you might want to refrain from even trying to imply that the the story and characters are unrealistic and childish.
Spoiler for off topic:
But again it seems like to you in order for a series to be considered "mature" and good it must have dark elements in it, and I've really gotta say that makes you seem juvenile.
|2011-10-26, 12:37
|Link #280
Senior Member
Join Date: Aug 2007
Lunar Moon:
It's fine that you liked the first series more or that it's philosophy came through stronger to you. Everyone has a different opinion and frankly everyone gets something different out of fiction. My issue is when people say Fullmetal Alchemist Brotherhood (or the Manga) lacks depth in comparison. No it doesn't, it just presents itself in a different way and that different way had more depth for me.
As for the theme of Ed having to "trust others" well I will stick by what I said. Like I said there is no grand speech or pivotal moment
Actually a scene in one of the openings I think displays this quite perfectly: Ed and Al are standing alone and suddenly they are surrounded by more and more allies.
But I think just saying "to trust others" is simplifying it. But I will blame myself here not having the eloquence to explain what I mean. It's more or less at the beginning of the series Ed and Al believe they can solve all their problems alone with alchemy. It's actually in a sense a very arrogant way to look at things. But as the series goes on they start realizing alchemy is not going to solve all their problems. They start sharing their problems with others (no longer keeping everything just between them) and actually asking for help. Why did the good guys win in the end? Well besides Father's own arrogance I will say they won because it was truly a "team effort" in every sense of the word.
As for the series being about sacrifice well that I completely disagree with and I think that is more what the first series is about. I don't think Ed & Al sacrificed anything but instead gained a lot. They went through a painful lesson yes but I can't say they didn't get anything out of it.
And in fact Ed & Al themselves felt they they were given so much that at the end of the series they want to give back to:
Sacrifice to me has negative connotations. In fact the two times it was brought up
This is met with a negative response
edit: And I have nothing against a darker story: I actually love Grave of the Fireflies, Rurouni Kenshin: Trust & Betrayal & Now and Then Here and There.
But I will stick by what I say that a darker & more tragic story is not anymore deep or original than a lighter more hopeful story.
|adventure, shounen
|Thread Tools


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WASHINGTON -- President Obama travels Monday to New York for a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly, where he is scheduled to sit down with world leaders and U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. He will also address the General Assembly, focusing on the challenges in the Middle East, including the use of chemical weapons in Syria, Iran's nuclear ambitions and peace talks between Israelis and Palestinians.
Here's a look at five things to watch for on the two-day trip:
Handshake Diplomacy: The most important interaction on the president's visit may last minutes or even seconds between Obama and newly elected Iranian President Hassan Rouhani. Rouhani, considered more moderate than his predecessor, has signaled in recent days that he may be interested in negotiations to modify his country's nuclear program to suit U.S. demands.
Obama has suggested he is open to direct talks over the issue, but aides hint strongly that he is more comfortable with opening talks that involve all the permanent members of the U.N. Security Council. If the two leaders do meet – and that isn't a given – the likely scenario is an informal exchange of pleasantries or, simply, a handshake. National security officials are wary of a welcome that is too enthusiastic, before the new Iranian leader has a chance to demonstrate his commitment to dismantling the nuclear program. Obama will make decisions "based on their actions, not their words," one senior administration official said.
Dual Syria Message: The Syrian government has submitted its first report describing its cache of chemical weapons, and international monitors haven't dismissed it out of hand. U.S. officials are not yet convinced that President Bashar Assad will rid himself of all chemical weapons within a year, but they do hold out hope that the process of disarming might prevent more attacks.
Obama is eager to keep alive the threat of strikes if progress is not made, which means that this week he'll be simultaneously making the case for military force while asking the international community to support efforts to reach a diplomatic solution. The Syrian conflict is expected to be a key component of his Tuesday morning address to the full assembly.
Middle East Peace: Obama is giving prime face time to the principal players in the talks over critical issues in the peace process starting this week, despite the slim prospects for a resolution. The president plans to meet Tuesday with Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas and has a session scheduled for Sept. 30 with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
The annual U.N. sessions have been an awkward for Obama and Abbas in the past. Although the U.S. supports Palestinian statehood, the government's position is that it can come only through direct talks with the Israelis. Thus, at last year's U.N. session, Obama argued against an implicit recognition of Palestinian statehood by the world body.
Spies Like Us: Some U.S. allies and friends are still chafing over summer disclosures that they were targeted by sweeping surveillance programs run by the National Security Agency. The leaks caused so much distress in Brazil that President Dilma Rousseff recently decided to cancel a previously planned state visit to the U.S.
Rousseff is likely to run into Obama, her spurned host, just days after she asked him to clean up the NSA's act before they talk about finding another date on their social calendars. She may even bring up her concerns about U.S.-based Internet networks while appearing at the U.N.
Visa Pending: The Sudanese president wanted for war crimes has threatened to show up at the world summit, setting off a controversy about whether he should be admitted to the summit or turned over to the International Criminal Court to face charges. Over the years, the U.S. government has called for Omar Hassan Ahmed Bashir to answer for the bloody conflict in Sudan's Darfur region.
The U.S. ambassador to the U.N., Samantha Power, said last week that it would be more appropriate for Bashir to "present himself to the ICC and travel to The Hague" rather than to the assembly in New York City. Still, the U.S. is supposed to grant the visa requests of foreign leaders bound for the U.N. Obama administration officials have not said how they would respond if he chooses to attend.
Twitter: @cparsons


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She is the girl from a rundown neighborhood who became class president at a posh prep school. A quiet and driven Towson University student. An adoring mother. One of the unofficial leaders of the sisterhood of wives and girlfriends of Ravens teammates.
Janay Ashley Rice is also a woman America has seen knocked unconscious by the man she loves.
The grainy clip of her now-husband, former Ravens running back Ray Rice, punching her in an elevator has been played repeatedly on national media in the past week. Millions have watched Rice dragging her limp body from the elevator.
Pundits have advised the former Janay Palmer to leave Rice, whom she married the day after he was...


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There's never been a better time
to apply to Otterbein University.
Apply online today!
Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) are inquiry groups (or "communities of practice") of 5-12 faculty and professional staff members who meet bi-monthly to learn about a topic of shared interest related to teaching and learning in a collegial and supportive context. In addition to an annual cohort learning community for new faculty members, past PLC topics have included teaching writing, undergraduate research, the first-generation college student experience, issues of diversity in teaching and learning, and the scholarship of teaching and learning.
The CTL sponsors one or more book reading and discussion groups each year. The first participants to register receive a complimentary copy of the book. Group members commit to attending and actively participating in at least three of four one-hour discussion during the semester. To register a reading group or to suggest another title, contact the CTL (firstname.lastname@example.com; ext 1035).
The CTL has been charged by the Office of Academic Affairs to provide comprehensive orientation and long-term mentoring for new full-time faculty members.
To schedule a consultation, contact Kathryn Plank, Director of the Center for Teaching and Learning, 614-823-1034
Full-time faculty members in their first three years at Otterbein are strongly encouraged to apply to participate in this special professional opportunity, designed to deepen and develop each participant as an educator. Learning community participants meet off campus for two hours once or twice a month (usually every other Friday late afternoon except for group mentoring days) throughout the academic year to discuss their teaching experiences and their observations about student learning in their courses; to learn more about the college and its culture; and to discuss books chosen by participants and provided by the CTL; as well as to develop collegial relationships and a support network in an informal context.
An annual orientation for new faculty members is held each year two weeks before the beginning of classes. Orientation provides newcomers with a basic introduction to Otterbein students, culture, and expectations as well as an opportunity to meet others in the cohort, key administrators and professional staff members, and a small panel of junior faculty members. Orientation also includes introductions and initial training in classroom technologies, Blackboard, and the library.
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|» Step 1: Tell Us About Your Case
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Start a Lawyer Search
Tell us about your case so that we can connect you with the right lawyers.
Lee & Braziel, LLP
Lee & Braziel, LLP is a law firm that helps Texas employees and employers on many different employment-related laws affecting the workplace. We invite you to contact us to discuss any potential claim you may have.
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Letters: Being prepared for change
Activities galore
Regarding "Scouts' proposal to lift gay ban divides Texans" (Page A1, Tuesday), as a former Boy Scout, I urge the Boy Scouts to lift their ban on gays. There is no room for bigotry in the Boy Scouts. Bigotry against any group is the wrong message to teach to young boys learning their way in a complicated world.
Inclusion and acceptance of everyone, regardless of color, religion, gender or sexual orientation is the way we should think about and treat each other.
When I was a Boy Scout, I loved the activities, the camping and the friendship with all the boys, and our leaders and I could care less whether they were gay or straight.
Jimmy Dunne, Houston
Nothing personal
As a parent of two teen-aged girls, would I want a male to lead a group of like-aged girls in activities that include over night camping trips, etc? No.
The possibility of sexual tension arises from the complementarity of the sexes.
This is the same common sense, non-religious reason why BSA should not allow homosexuals in their group.
Diane Sulpizio, Houston
A new day
Regarding "Perry: Scouting no place for lessons in sexuality" (Page B3, Sunday), I find Gov. Perry's recent vocalization regarding gay individuals' potential future admission into the BSA extremely insulting. His barely veiled disdain for a large portion of his electorate proves shocking and frustrating.
Perry's seemingly everlasting refusal to support full acceptance of the LGBT community's lifestyle no doubt proves devastating to its members, particularly the adolescents who struggle to gain acceptance in many aspects of their lives.
His logic proves flawed. The conflicts he mentions do not result from the integration of societal members who adhere to differing lifestyles. Rather, they stem from the regrettably interminable "us vs. them" attitude that continues to plague our society.
The schism created between members of the LGBT community and conservative Christians will not be mended if the two groups continue to try to oppress one another.
I am unsure as to whether or not the BSA will allow gay individuals to join their ranks. However, I am positive our societal members can no longer tolerate blatantly hostile attacks on one another based on their lifestyles/beliefs. It's the year 2013, and it's gotten ridiculous.
Annie Bates, Pearland
Starting over
It seems that the Boy Scouts, a wonderful group that has been around for 100 years is now getting pressure to change their principles.
When I was 6-7 years old, I didn't even know what the terms homosexual or heterosexual meant. I say, let gay scout leaders in, if they want. Then do what many Episcopalians did when gay bishops were installed - leave the church.
The Boy Scouts ought to leave and let the new group take over. They could call themselves , "The new Scouts."
Randy Neumeyer, Spring


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Jon Gosselin Plus Eight
Jon Gosselin spends some precious time with his kids as his daughter Hannah runs to him at the bus stop on Wednesday (October 14) in Pennsylvania.
Meanwhile, Kate ran some errands near her home, stopping for some gas and then picking up some fan mail outside of the UPS Store.
Jon was ordered by the courts to return $180,000 to a bank join account after allegedly taking over $300,000. Kate responded, "As difficult as this has been for me, I am pleased that the court has ruled fairly on behalf of myself and my children. Now that this matter has been ruled on, I look forward to returning to private arbitration, as we have agreed to do, to resolve any remaining issues."
10+ pictures inside of Jon Gosselin plus Eight…


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In this lesson, students will be introduced to how the Doppler effect changes our perception of wavelengths of sound (pitch) and light (color). Students will model how astronomers use the line spectra of stars to identify elements in the stars and... (View More) the speeds of galaxies in the universe. Requires some special equipment for spectral analysis and a darkened room for viewing spectra. Suggestions are included for introducing the Doppler Effect for students unfamiliar with this concept. This activity is part of the Cosmic Times teachers guide and is intended to be used in conjunction with the 1929 Cosmic Times Poster. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Over $20 per group of students
This is a lesson about the characteristics of ice as a mineral and how it compares to other minerals with respect to hardness. Learners will observe ice crystals, develop a hardness scale and position ice on it. Learners will also practice working... (View More) collaboratively in a team. Activities include small group miming, speaking, drawing, and/or writing. This is lesson 3 of 12 in the unit, Exploring Ice in the Solar System. (View Less)
This is a lesson about how and why ice flows, especially in a large mass such as a glacier. Learners will experience the qualities of viscoelastic materials and view videos of glacial ice flows. They will observe ice flows and materials other than... (View More) ice flowing differently under stress, and will investigate landscape changes as a result of large scale glacial movement. Activities include small group miming, speaking, drawing, and/or writing. This is lesson 5 of 12 in the unit, Exploring Ice in the Solar System. (View Less)


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Latest e-News
- The NDPHS Secretariat (the Coordinator of the Policy Area "Health" in the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, EUSBSR) organised together with coordinators of the EUSBSR Horizontal Action "Capacity" a training on project design, development and planning implementation. (Read more)
- NDPHS issues its e-Newsletter 1/2017 which includes farewell words from the outgoing NDPHS Secretariat Director and provides latest news and updates on recent NDPHS activities. (Read more)
Latest Events
- 1st Meeting of the NDPHS Evaluation Steering Group, 15 January 2019, Stockholm, Sweden
- 7th Meeting of the Expert Group on HIV, TB and Associated Infections, 8-9.11.2018, Riga
- 6th Meeting of the Expert Group on Prison Health, 25-26 October
- 2nd NDPHS workshop on a flagship on aging populations, 24 October 2018, Oslo
View all events or click on a day below. Learn of different event types included in our calendar.
Useful Links
View our selection of links. They feature websites presenting global, regional and national initiatives and strategies on public health and social well-being, and websites of selected organisations and institutions.


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Speech Archive
Speech Archive
This page contains speeches by former Secretary of Education John B. King Jr. and speeches by former Secretary of Education Arne Duncan.
February 12, 2010
Leading from the Superintendent's Office: Secretary Arne Duncan's Remarks at the American Association of School Administrators Conference
Thank you. During the seven-and-a-half years I was CEO of the Chicago Public Schools, I sometimes got the question: "Why in the world would you ever want to be a school superintendent?"
February 3, 2010
Thank you for inviting me to address this group of valued colleagues and championsit is wonderful to be here among so many people committed to guaranteeing an excellent education for every child in America.
February 1, 2010
It's been a little more than a year since the President took the oath of office and I became secretary of education.
January 21, 2010
Under Secretary Martha Kanter's Remarks at the Association of American Colleges and Universities Annual Meeting
Thank you for inviting me to speak to you today. I have been in my job in Washington for a little over six months now, and I've been privileged to get to know many of you and to learn about and recognize in many of our national conversations the extraordinary work of AAC&U.
January 14, 2010
Thank you. Please stand to pay a special tribute to the wife and son of Myles Brand, who are here today. Myles Brand was a remarkable leader who was unafraid of controversy.
December 10, 2009
Thank you for that kind introduction. I welcome this opportunity to address state lawmakers. For too long, you have been the leading yet underappreciated stewards of education reform. It is sometimes said that governors get the headlines and legislators get the headaches. There is a lot of truth to that.
November 18, 2009
Thank you for that kind introduction. It is a special pleasure and opportunity for me to meet and speak with so many early childhood educators, advocates, and researchers. More than a half century ago, Franklin Roosevelt said that the "destiny of American youth is the destiny of America." Each and every day you help to fulfill that destiny.
November 10, 2009
Thank you so much for the generous introduction. It's a pleasure and honor to be addressing this conference of the Harlem Children's Zone. HCZ, and its founder and extraordinary leader, Geoff Canada, have produced one of the most remarkable anti-poverty community programs in the nation's history.
November 9, 2009
Good morning and thank you for the opportunity to discuss the state of American educationwhich in some ways is one and the same with the American economy.
I believe that the quality of our education system says as much about the long-term health of our economy as the stock market, the unemployment rate and the size of the gross domestic product.
October 26, 2009
I am thrilled to be here to speak to the New England Board of Higher Education. Most of you here today share my priorities and I believe that together we will be able to meet the many challenges we face in today's economy.
First, I would like to start with the story of how I got my present job at the U.S. Department of Education.


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I'll definitely still be getting it, but I don't like the sound of invasions happening even while you're hollow. I died so many times to O&S, and it became infuriating trying to get help there when the same couple of people would kill me repeatedly before I could even reach the summon signs.
It looks like Dark Souls II is aiming for Hardcore mode. Some people are claiming that it will be too cheap, like the NES days,lol. I hope I'm picked for the beta.
I can see plenty of people playing this offline :/
Eh, not me. I prefer the lore of Dark Souls over the lore of Demon's Souls.


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Topic Overview
What is fasting?
Fasting means deliberately going without food, drink, or both. It can mean:
- Going without any food.
- Going without certain types of food.
There are many kinds of fasting:
- Medical fasting: You may be asked to fast for a certain amount of time before a medical test or surgery, often 8 hours or more.
- Religious fasting: Many people fast as part of their religion. Religious fasting may involve eating nothing on certain days, eating nothing from sunrise to sunset for a month, or not eating meat, dairy, and eggs for several weeks at a time.
- Fasting to detoxify the body: Some people use fasting as a way to rid the body of toxins. There is no evidence that going without food for a period of time does this, though.
Is fasting a good way to lose weight?
No, it isn't. Here's the problem with fasting (eating nothing) for days at a time: Because your body isn't getting fuel (food), it goes into survival mode and slows your metabolism. Your body doesn't burn calories as fast as it did. You may lose weight, but it's mostly water and muscle, not fat.
Then when you return to normal eating, the water weight you lost during fasting comes back. You may even gain extra weight because your slower metabolism doesn't burn calories as fast as it used to.
Some people use alternate-day fasting as a way to lose weight. They eat nothing every other day. This only helps you lose weight if you can control your hunger on your "eating" days and don't overeat. That's because no matter when you eat or don't eat, you only lose weight when you eat fewer calories than your body needs.
Can fasting be good for your health?
There is much debate over the health benefits of long-term fasting (eating only broth, juice, or water for days at a time). There isn't enough evidence to support the health claims.
That type of fasting can actually be dangerous, especially for people who have other medical problems.
Related Information
Other Works Consulted
- Bloomer KG, et al. (2010). Effect of a 21-day Daniel fast on metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk factors in men and women. Lipids in Health and Disease, 9: 94. Also available online: http://www.lipidworld.com/content/9/1/94.
- Whitney E, Rolfes SR (2011). Metabolism: Transformations and interactions. In Understanding Nutrition, 12th ed., pp. 205–229. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
ByHealthwise Staff
Primary Medical Reviewer Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine
Rhonda O'Brien, MS, RD, CDE - Certified Diabetes Educator
Current as ofMarch 29, 2018
- Top of Page
Next Section:Related Information
Previous Section:Topic Overview
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Next Section:References
Previous Section:Related Information
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Current as of: March 29, 2018
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine & Rhonda O'Brien, MS, RD, CDE - Certified Diabetes Educator


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- Description
- View Full Specifications
- Year:
- 2011
- Hull Material:
- Wood
- Length:
- 24'
- Engine/Fuel Type:
- /
Many of our RB 21 customers in the US asked us to develop a new model so they could venture further offshore. Many wanted to visit offshore islands or go to the fishing grounds that required a larger boat. Yacht Service took on the design project in cooperation with the owners of RB Boats and developed the RB24 Classic. A boat that allowed owners to venture from their home port and travel 100 miles a day with ease. With a similar look as the RB and the RB21, the RB24 incorporates a hard T-top with to protect the operator from the elements and give the boat a solid platform for antennas, a radar dome and fishing outriggers. The largest of the RB fleet with a 300 horsepower rating.
Additional Specs, Equipment and Information:
Designer: Janusz Konkol & Piotr Wilk
LOA: 7.32 m
Beam: 2.57 m
Maximum Draft: 0.53 m
Dry Weight: 2000 kgs
Max Load Capacity: 1200 kgs
Cruising Speed: 43 knots
Maximum Speed: 50 knots
Engine Options
Engine Option 1: 1x Suzuki Four stroke 250 HP
Fuel Tanks: Stainless steel (390 Gallons)
External Links
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Review: New Build live at Mercury Lounge
Photos by G.
When you take members of Hot Chip and LCD Soundsystem and you put them together, you get New Build. When you put New Build on their first New York stage (on March 13, 2012 at Mercury Lounge), you get a way sold out show! Demand for tickets was so high, in fact, a second show has been added (for March 14, 2012). As you can expect from the description, when you merge members of these two great bands together and you get another great dance band! Mercury Lounge was filled to the brim with people celebrating a lovely New York day with a full blown dance party. Their songs are extremely catchy with great beats and when you consider that 7 musicians were on stage performing electronic music with live drums, percussion, guitar and bass, you can imagine how awesome the show was!
Lead singer Al Doyle (also of Hot Chip) thanked the crowd for our support and at times almost seemed to be in disbelief that everyone was having such a great time. Their single "Do You Not Feel Loved?" featuring a chunky dance beat received the loudest applause of the night, but as evidenced by the sweaty bodies leaving the dance floor, it doesn't appear that anyone had any complaints. New Build's debut album "Yesterday was Lived and Lost" will be released in the USA on April 5, 2012.
See the set list after the jump.


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Saudi, UAE, Bahrain withdraw envoys from Qatar
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain recalled their ambassadors from Qatar on Wednesday in an unusually public dispute among the clubby Western-allied Gulf Arab states, a move analysts say centers on their neighbor's support for the Muslim Brotherhood and its perceived aggressive meddling in regional conflicts.
The three Gulf Arab states said Qatar failed to uphold its end of a security agreement to stop interfering in other nations' politics and supporting organizations that threaten the Gulf's stability. They said the move was made to protect their security. The decision comes ahead of Egypt's critical April presidential election.
In a last ditch effort, foreign ministers from the Gulf Cooperation Council met Tuesday in Riyadh to try and "persuade" Qatar to keep up its end of a largely opaque deal struck in November, a statement from the three countries read.
"However, all these efforts have not resulted ... in the consent of the state of Qatar to adhere to these procedures," the statement said. "So the three countries have to start doing whatever they deem appropriate to protect their security and stability by withdrawing their ambassadors."
It was an unprecedented move for the countries of the six-nation council, which sit atop some of the world's largest oil and gas reserves.
Qatar expressed "regret and surprise" at the move and said it remains committed to the values of the GCC, according to excerpts of a Cabinet statement carried by the official Qatar News Agency.
The Cabinet said Qatar will not respond by recalling its own ambassadors. Qatar's stock market fell more than 2 percent following the announcement, losing around $383 million.
The joint Gulf statement said Qatar's ruler, Emir Sheik Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, failed to uphold the security agreement that he signed in late November in Saudi Arabia. It said the emir of Kuwait witnessed the meeting in Riyadh and other council members endorsed the agreement.
Kuwait, which has Islamists in parliament, and Oman were the only countries in the council not to join in the diplomatic protest. Kuwait's parliament speaker, Marzouq al-Ghanim, told local media he hoped that Kuwait's emir would play a role in healing the divisions "as soon as possible."
The agreement had called on all council members not to interfere, "whether directly or indirectly" in another member nation's internal affairs. It also stipulated that countries would not support organizations, individuals or "hostile media" that threaten the security and stability of member countries "either through direct security work or by attempting to influence politics."
The language appeared to have been shorthand for Qatar's funding of the Al-Jazeera news network and the Muslim Brotherhood.
Saudi analyst Anwar Edshki said the joint statement is a warning to Qatar to stop inciting violence by Islamists in Egypt.
"It is Qatar's right to support the Muslim Brotherhood, but not its right to threaten security in Egypt and incite the (people on the) street," said Edshki, who chairs the Middle East Center for Strategic and Legal Studies in Jiddah, Saudi Arabia.
He said Islamist cleric Youssef el-Qaradawi's sermons on Qatari TV, in which he criticizes the governments of the UAE and Saudi Arabia, were seen as an attack on their sovereignty. The UAE summoned the Qatari ambassador last month to protest Doha's silence on the matter. The Egyptian-born cleric has close ties with the Brotherhood.
Egyptian Foreign Ministry spokesman Bader Abdel Attie said in a statement that the decision sends the same message Cairo sent when it recalled its ambassador to Qatar last month.
Qatar's activist role over the years also has irked its neighbors. Egypt and Saudi Arabia, with combined local populations of more than 100 million people, see the tiny nation of Qatar, with a native population of less than a quarter million, as trying to wield influence far greater than its size.
Well before the Arab Spring, Qatar launched Al-Jazeera, which largely reflects Doha's worldview and has irritated governments around the region for its reporting. Journalists and employees of Al-Jazeera are among 20 defendants being tried in Egypt on charges of belonging to a terrorist organization for their coverage of the Brotherhood — charges they deny.
Qatar also pushed itself into the international arena when it played host to peace talks over distant conflicts like those between Afghanistan's government and the Taliban.
"It's 15 years of Qatar playing the role of supporting forces of change in the region. Saudi Arabia and the UAE are status quo powers in the region, and they were annoyed," said Abdulkhaleq Abdulla, a professor of political science at Emirates University.
Saudi Arabia and Qatar use their vast wealth to influence regional politics from Yemen to Libya. However, their money has often flowed to different hands.
In Syria, both Qatar and Saudi Arabia have pushed for President Bashar Assad's ouster. But Qatar has vied for influence through support to the exiled Syrian Brotherhood, and Saudi Arabia through other figures in the Western-backed Syrian National Coalition. This has led to public disputes, hurting the coalition's image and ability to unite.
In Egypt, Qatar gave billions of dollars in aid to the Brotherhood-backed government of Islamist President Mohammed Morsi before he was ousted by the army last year. Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Kuwait trumped that support with billions of dollars to Egypt's new military-backed government as it cracked down on the Brotherhood and its supporters.
The UAE and Saudi Arabia have little tolerance for Brotherhood-linked activity.
The UAE has convicted dozens of people, some of them Egyptian, for alleged links to the Brotherhood. Two days ago, the UAE's top court sentenced a Qatari doctor to seven years behind bars after finding him guilty of having links to the group. Rights groups have raised concerns about the fairness of the court proceedings.
Associated Press writers Adam Schreck in Dubai; Abdullah al-Shihri in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Abdulla Ribhy in Doha, Qatar; Reem Khalifa in Manama, Bahrain and Maggie Hyde in Cairo contributed to this report.


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Eddie Redmayne lied to Tom Hooper at TV audition
Redmayne was desperate to land a part when he tried out for Hooper's 2005 TV movie Elizabeth I, which starred Dame Helen Mirren.
The role required a certain amount of equestrian ability and Redmayne admits he regretted lying about his horse-riding skills
after he was almost killed during a dangerous battle scene.
He tells Deadline.com, "I first met Tom on an audition for the HBO miniseries Elizabeth I, and he asked, 'Eddie, have you ever ridden a horse?' To which I said, 'Yes.'
"Two weeks later, Helen Mirren is playing Elizabeth, there are 47 stunt horsemen behind me, I've got spurs attached to my feet and I'm like, 'At what point do I admit having never ridden a horse?'
"They call 'Action!' and I almost kill myself. Tom shouts, 'You're a b**ody liar, Redmayne!' It has taken seven years for him to consider employing me again!"
Hooper went on to cast Redmayne as Marius in his latest movie, the big-screen adaptation of hit Broadway musical Les Miserables.


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Step 1: Confirm Data Sources
The new NuevaSync Basic service free trial account we're about to create will be configured to sync your iPhone with Google Calendar and Contacts. At any time during (or after) the 10 day trial period you can buy a one year subscription for $15.00. At the end of the trial period, accounts without a subscription are disabled for device syncing but Control Panel web site access will remain enabled.
Please click the 'Next Step' button below to continue with the account creation process.
|Google Calendar
|Google Contacts


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Innovate Washington the statewide public-private partnership that is the catalyst for economic growth in Washington's innovation economy, has launched its Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant-writing program.
Innovate Washington connects innovators and researchers across the State with the entrepreneurial and financial capital needed to produce world-class companies and high-value jobs that will form the backbone of our region's future economy.
Under the program Innovate Washington provides grant-writing support for qualified Washington-based small technology businesses interested in applying for SBIR/STTR Phase I federal R&D funding. The program's primary goals include enlisting first-time SBIR/STTR participants as well as those in rural and economically disadvantaged areas, minority and women-owned businesses and to increase their chances of submitting a successful proposal.
"This is an excellent opportunity for small technology businesses across Washington to increase their chances of receiving funding from these federal programs," said Bart Phillips VP of Economic Development for Innovate Washington. "As these businesses grow, Innovate Washington and its partners can provide additional business consulting services to help accelerate their growth."
The program is made possible by a $55,000 grant from the U.S. Small Business Administration under its Federal State and Technology (FAST) program. Interested technology businesses are strongly encouraged to first view the Innovate Washington SBIR/STTR introductory web presentation in order to gain a clear understanding of the program and eligibility requirements. All grants must be awarded on or before March 31, 2013. Candidates are encouraged to contact Jim Sampson, Senior Program Manager, Special Projects for Innovate Washington for more details on how to apply.
"The SBIR/STTR program is but one example of how Innovate Washington is expanding market opportunities for the citizens of Washington," said Phillips. "Initiatives in advanced energy, aviation biofuels and the smart and efficient building technology sectors are just a few of the areas where Innovate Washington is creating value."
Contact: Innovate Washington, Jim Sampson, 509.358.2006.


text: This motivating and inspiring modern business music is a contemporary blend of cool meets successful. The hypnotic harmonic guitar melodies are complimented by a soothing keyboard, mildly distorted lead and rhythm guitars, strong minimal bass, and lively drums. The music works great for a wide variety of applications including business, corporate, explainers, ads, and much much more.


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hooded zip up jacket
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New! Order by phone
White cotton hooded zip up jacket from Laneus.
Designer colour: PANNA
Made in Italy
Designer Style ID: CPU1201
Farfetch ID: 12751610
Measurement Information
- Height:
- 1.89 m
- Bust:
- 97 cm
- Hips:
- 93 cm
- Waist:
- 75 cm
Model's wearing: 50 IT/FR
- Height:
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- Hips:
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- Waist:
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Model's wearing: 50 IT/FR
All measurements are made by Farfetch
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- Composition
- Cotton 10%
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One shipping fee, on multiple pieces, from multiple locations.
No matter how many items you purchase, or where in the world you order from, you will only pay one fee.
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You have 14 days from receiving your order to return the item. We strongly recommend that you book your free returns pick-up within 7 days of receiving your order to ensure that it arrives back in time. Click here to read our full returns policy.
Import duties information
Delivery duties are included in the item price when shipping to all EU countries plus USA, Canada, China, Australia, Puerto Rico, Switzerland, Singapore, Republic Of Korea, Kuwait, Mexico, Qatar, India, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand, U.A.E., Japan. This means all import duties are included in your order. The price you see is the price you pay.
Delivery duties are not included in the item price when shipping to all other countries. This means you may be liable to pay import duties on receipt of your order.
Laneus is the Latin word for "wool made". The brand is born from the necessity to express yourself in a modern and straight forward way. The knitwear becomes a must have part of your personal wardrobe and cardigans, pullover sweaters old fashioned style can be reinvented with modern yarns and colours creating a cosy, cool style even wearing a pair of jogging knit pants to complete the style. A collection completely made in Italy.


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TheLefteris24 発言しました …
''It's Funny How 日 によって Day,Nothing Changes.But When あなた Look Back,Everything Is Different'' 投稿されました 1年以上前
|もっと見る 名言・格言 アンケー >>
|もっと見る 名言・格言 回答 >>
Aye! Whats up, Sorry I haven't been active! So, I decided to make this to catch up. These are the 上, ページのトップへ 5 名言・格言 that I enjoy.
#1 - "Stars can't shine without darkness."
#2 - "It's better to be feared than loved, if あなた cant be both."
#3 - "It is far better to be alone, than to be in bad company. "
#4 - "Life is the art of drawing without an eraser."
Last but not least #5 - " Karma has no menu, あなた get served what あなた deserve. "
My Quotes:
#1 - "Cheer up, the worst is yet to come!"
#2 - "I don't want to cry, it comes naturally"
#3 - "I am an awkward mind"
#4 - "I talk to myself because the voices in my head arent loud enough"
#5 - "You realise あなた put way to much sugar in your お茶, 紅茶 when even Nutella dosen't taste sweet"
#6 - "I think the first stage to getting a sense of humour is breaking all your BONES(ボーンズ)-骨は語る- because あなた need to crack up a bit"
It's better to die than to live on your knees.
-Dolores Ibarruri
The future doesn't belong to the fainthearted, it belongs to the brave.
-Ronald Reagan
A purpose of human life, no matter who is controlling it, is to 愛 whoever is around to be loved.
-Sirens of Titan, Kurt Vonnegut
Remember あなた are different than anyone else for a reason. A good reason. Find that reason and run with it.
-Tay Jardine
The probability that we may fail in the struggle ought not to deter us from the support of a cause we believe to be...
"Around here, however, we don't look backwards for very long. We keep moving forward, opening up new doors and doing new things, because we're curious... and curiosity keeps leading us down new paths."
"I only hope that we don't lose sight of one thing – that it was all started によって a mouse."
"Disneyland will never be completed. It will continue to grow as long as there is imagination left in the world."
"There is もっと見る treasure in 本 than in all the pirate's loot on Treasure Island."
This is just a collection of 名言・格言 which I 愛 to live by. Hope あなた enjoy them! =)
"In my mind, I am free." - Stephen Hawking
"This is one small step for man. One giant leap for mankind." - Neil Armstrong (on the Moon)
"Don't cry because it's over, smile because it happened." - Dr. Seuss
"Great minds discuss ideas. Average minds discuss events. Small minds discuss people." - Eleanor Roosevelt
"Why is it that, as a culture, we are もっと見る comfortable seeing two men holding 銃 than holding hands?" - Ernest Gaines...
"Friendship is born at that moment when one person says to another: "What! あなた too? I thought I was
the only one."
― C.S. Lewis
"A friend is someone who knows all about あなた and still loves you."
― Elbert Hubbard
"It is not a lack of love, but a lack of friendship that makes unhappy marriages."
― Friedrich Nietzsche
"Don't walk behind me; I may not lead. Don't walk in front of me; I may not follow. Just walk beside me
and be my friend."
As I walk through life,
I look at all I have done.
I had wandered aimlessly,
And wondered what I have become.
I have been through so much,
It is amazing I made it through.
The lessons I have learned
I am shocked I pulled through.
The times I wondered
What life was all about.
The trials experienced in life,
Can make all the good come out.
We try to make it 日 によって day.
Remembering what we were taught.
Not once did I expect this to happen.
Never in my wildest dream that I've fallen,
To a boy who wasn't my prince charming
Nor to someone who is my friend.
It must been your sweetness that melt my heart
または your gentle smile could be the start.
Whatever the reason for me to feel this way
One thing I know, this strange feeling grows stronger everyday
All this time I've been praying
For あなた to see and look at me as a lady
Every now and then I woke up dreaming
A friend is one who stands to share
Your every touch of grief and care
He comes によって chance, but stays によって choice
Your praises he is quick to voice
No grievous fault または passing whim
Can make an enemy of him
And though your need be great または small
His strength is yours throughout it all
No matter where your path may turn
Your welfare is his chief concern
No matter what your dream may be
He prays your triumph soon to see
|もっと見る 名言・格言 記事 >>
名言・格言 about mothers and daughters
|もっと見る 名言・格言 リンク >>


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According to the Gospel of Matthew (2:1-16), the wise men or Magi followed a star to the birth place of Christ. It was written that they were from the east and that they brought three gifts to Christ; gold, frankincense, and myrrh. Since there were three gifts, it has been inferred that there were three Magi.
The names for the Magi vary in different traditions. In Latin tradition dating from the seventh century, they are given as Gaspar, Melchior and Balthasar. The Eastern feast day of the Magi is December 25. The traditional Western commemorations are January 1 for St Gaspar, January 6 for St Melchior, and January 11 for St Balthasar.
There are numerous variations of the names of the Magi in Greek but the most common variation is for the name Gaspar which in Greek is Ιάσπερος (yiasperos) which translates into English as Jasper.
The name day for anyone with the name Jasper, Gaspar, Melchior or Balthasar is December 25.
External Links
- Article in The Catholic Encyclopedia


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CHESTNUT HILL, Mass. – At the Beanpot held on Wednesday night, the MIT women's fencing team defeated Brandeis University, 14-13, while falling to host Boston College by the same score. Against cross-town rival Harvard University, the Engineers were bested by the Crimson, 19-8.
Seniors Annabeth Gellman (Ridgewood, N.J.) and Robin Shin (Brookline, Mass.) led the way for the sabre squad with 7-2 ledgers while freshman Madison Douglas (Concord, Mass.) turned in a 4-5 performance. The contingent finished at 18-9 on the night as it overpowered BC (8-1) and Brandeis (7-2) but fell to Harvard, 6-3.
The epee team compiled a total of 12-15 as it defeated Brandeis, 6-3, but succumbed to BC and Harvard by the same margin. Freshmen Laura Jarin-Lipschitz (Rosemont, Pa.) and Mounica Paturu (Plainsboro, N.J.) both went 6-3 while classmate Manting Lao (Columbus, Ohio) was unable to come away with a victory in her nine outings.
Senior Julia Kimmerly (Middlesex, Vt.) paced the foil team with a total of 3-6 as sophomore Rebecca Shi (Plainsboro, N.J.) finished at 2-7. Freshman Ceri Riley (Kirkland, Wash.) also saw some action but could not generate a victory.
MIT (15-12) kicks off its postseason run on Saturday, Feb. 23 at the New England Championship to be hosted by Brandeis University.


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Wikula » VietnameseSupport
Vietnamese language support
minimal setup for Vietnamese inputIf you want to setup the minimal facility to read and write Vietnamese text, without using the scripts:
as root:
apt-get install im-switch ibus-unikey ibus-table-viqr ibus-qt4 ibus-gtk im-switch -s ibus
optionally, you can set up the ibus
as user, in console on X windows:
Enable starting of the daemon
Input Method -> Choose Vietnamese and then add
Advanced -> "Share the same input method among all applications"
You need the locale vi_VN.UTF-8. No need to make it default. If you don't have it yet, add it from command as root
dpkg-reconfigure locales
The procedure of Install
(a) Write lang=vi_VN as cheatcode.
- If your aime is localization of an installed system on a HDD, there is no need to do localization in live mode. Install to HDD first, then after booting from the new syetem, do the following. If you want to set Vietnamese localization in live-mode, you can do with the same procedure.
(b) If you use DHCP, or your WLAN setting is done automatically, you are already connected to Internet. Otherwise, set the connection to Internet first, using Ceni, etc.
(c) aptosid's iso has a lot of locale installed, so the update of package may take a while. You can reduce the install time of locale related packages with:
# dpkg-reconfigure locales
and removing locales you don't need.
(If you are setting up Vietnamese input, please keep en_US.UTF-8 and vi_VN.UTF-8. If you chose 'None' as the default locale, Vietnamese Input may not work. Please chose one locale for system default.
(d) execute scripts here
chosing Vietnamese_Input to enable writing of Vietnamese text. Some additional fonts are installed with this option, too.
after restarting X, Ibus will be activated by pressing Ctrl+Space.
- if you install to a HDD after installing Vietnamese Language support, the packages for it are installed on the HDD, but not all config files are automatically copied. So please do (e) and/or (f) on the newly installed system after booting.
tip to use fromiso + persist
In case if you need Live-mode in Vietnamese frequently, there is a good trick.
Prepare a USB flash memory stick bigger than 500MB.
Start the 'Install to USB' from the installer, or from menu.
As a cheatcodes option write
lang=vi_VN persist
(please read fromiso+persist∞ section in the manual)
After the installation to USB is finished, boot from this USB stick, and run Vietnamese Language support scripts.
From next boot you haveVietnamese enabled live-mode system.
written by muchan


text:
Chicken or Egg? Debate Continues
Demodex mites, the microscopic parasites that are normal inhabitants of facial skin, have long raised the question, "Which comes first, Demodex or rosacea?" as medical experts debate whether their increased numbers on rosacea patients are a cause or a result of the disorder. Now there may be some evidence that the "chicken" — Demodex mites — and not the "egg" comes first, according to a recent scientific report.
In an article in the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, researcher Dr. F.M.N. Forton has championed the mite as a key culprit behind the development of the condition, noting it may be the missing link in understanding the onset of subtype 2 (papulopustular) rosacea, characterized by redness with bumps and pimples.1 She noted that National Rosacea Society-funded research has shown that toll-like receptors (TLRs) trigger production of cathelicidins, components of the immune system that may prompt subtype 2 rosacea.
She further noted that the two factors that stimulate the TLRs to induce cathelicidins are skin infection and disruption of the skin barrier. These conditions occur when Demodex mites are present, and she contends that the increased number of Demodex mites may therefore be a cause rather than a result of the bumps and pimples.
The link between mites and infection may be suggested by evidence that the complaint of sensitive skin in rosacea patients disappears when the number of Demodex mites is brought back to normal, she said. Disruption of the skin barrier may also occur as the mites erode the skin surface, penetrating into the lower dermis skin layer.
Furthermore, Dr. Forton suggested the Demodex mites themselves may be responsible for the bumps and pimples of subtype 2. Biopsies have shown that the presence of Demodex mites inside facial follicles consistently corresponds with the immune response in the skin as the body protects itself against invaders.
She noted that bumps and pimples — a sign that the body's immune system has kicked in — may appear when the mites are already on their way out after treatment. This suggests that the mites trigger the immune process that produces the bumps, rather than simply gravitating toward them after they appear.
Topical therapies are known to potentially reduce the number of mites, and Dr. Forton concluded that confirming a role for Demodex introduces the possibility of advances in treatment.
In mild to moderate cases, doctors often prescribe oral and topical rosacea therapy to bring the condition under immediate control, followed by long-term therapy to maintain remission. In severe cases, higher doses of oral antibiotics or other drugs may be prescribed.
- Forton FMN. Papulopustular rosacea, skin immunity and Demodex: pityriasis folliculorum as a missing link. Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012;26:19-28.
Contact Us
- Phone:
- Email:
- firstname.lastname@example.com
196 James St.
Barrington, IL 60010
Our Mission
The National Rosacea Society is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization whose mission is to improve the lives of people with rosacea by raising awareness, providing public health information and supporting medical research on this widespread but little-known disorder. The information the Society provides should not be considered medical advice, nor is it intended to replace
consultation with a qualified physician. The Society does not evaluate, endorse or recommend any particular medications, products, equipment or treatments. Rosacea may vary substantially from one patient to another, and treatment must be tailored by a physician for each individual case. For more information, visit About Us.


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Resource Reservation Protocol
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The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is a network-control protocol that enables Internet applications to obtain differing qualities of service (QoS) for their data flows. Such a capability recognizes that different applications have different network performance requirements. Some applications, including the more traditional interactive and batch applications, require reliable delivery of data but do not impose any stringent requirements for the timeliness of delivery. Newer application types, including videoconferencing, IP telephony, and other forms of multimedia communications require almost the exact opposite: Data delivery must be timely but not necessarily reliable. Thus, RSVP was intended to provide IP networks with the capability to support the divergent performance requirements of differing application types.
The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is a network-control protocol that enables Internet applications to obtain differing qualities of service (QoS) for their data flows. Such a capability recognizes that different applications have different network performance requirements. Some applications, including the more traditional interactive and batch applications, require reliable delivery of data but do not impose any stringent requirements for the timeliness of delivery. Newer application types, including videoconferencing, IP telephony, and other forms of multimedia communications require almost the exact opposite: Data delivery must be timely but not necessarily reliable. Thus, RSVP was intended to provide IP networks with the capability to support the divergent performance requirements of differing application types.
Latest revision as of 21:12, 16 October 2012
The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is a network-control protocol that enables Internet applications to obtain differing qualities of service (QoS) for their data flows. Such a capability recognizes that different applications have different network performance requirements. Some applications, including the more traditional interactive and batch applications, require reliable delivery of data but do not impose any stringent requirements for the timeliness of delivery. Newer application types, including videoconferencing, IP telephony, and other forms of multimedia communications require almost the exact opposite: Data delivery must be timely but not necessarily reliable. Thus, RSVP was intended to provide IP networks with the capability to support the divergent performance requirements of differing application types.
It is important to note that RSVP is not a routing protocol. RSVP works in conjunction with routing protocols and installs the equivalent of dynamic access lists along the routes that routing protocols calculate. Thus, implementing RSVP in an existing network does not require migration to a new routing protocol.
Researchers at the University of Southern California (USC) Information Sciences Institute (ISI) and Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) originally conceived RSVP. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) subsequently specified an open version of RSVP in its RFC 2205 based directly on the USC and PARC version. RSVP operational topics discussed in this article include data flows, quality of service, session startup, reservation style, and soft state implementation.
Figure: In RSVP, Host Information Is Delivered to Receivers over Data Flows illustrates an RSVP environment.
Figure: In RSVP, Host Information Is Delivered to Receivers over Data Flows
RSVP Data Flows
In RSVP, a data flow is a sequence of datagrams that have the same source, destination (regardless of whether that destination is one or more physical machines), and quality of service. QoS requirements are communicated through a network via a flow specification, which is a data structure used by internetwork hosts to request special services from the internetwork. A flow specification describes the level of service required for that data flow. This description takes the form of one of three traffic types. These traffic types are identified by their corresponding RSVP class of service:
- Best-effort
- Rate-sensitive
- Delay-sensitive
Best-effort traffic is traditional IP traffic. Applications include file transfer (such as mail transmissions), disk mounts, interactive logins, and transaction traffic. These types of applications require reliable delivery of data regardless of the amount of time needed to achieve that delivery. Best-effort traffic types rely upon the native TCP mechanisms to resequence datagrams received out of order, as well as to request retransmissions of any datagrams lost or damaged in transit.
Rate-sensitive traffic requires a guaranteed transmission rate from its source to its destination. An example of such an application is H.323 videoconferencing, which is designed to run on ISDN (H.320) or ATM (H.310), but is also found on the Internet and many IP-based intranets. H.323 encoding is a constant (or nearly constant) rate, and it requires a constant transport rate such as is available in a circuit-switched network. By its very nature, IP is packet-switched. Thus, it lacks the mechanisms to support a constant bit rate of service for any given application's data flow. RSVP enables constant bit-rate service in packet-switched networks via its rate-sensitive level of service. This service is sometimes referred to as guaranteed bit-rate service.
Delay-sensitive traffic is traffic that requires timeliness of delivery and that varies its rate accordingly. MPEG-II video, for example, averages about 3 to 7 Mbps, depending on the amount of change in the picture. As an example, 3 Mbps might be a picture of a painted wall, although 7 Mbps would be required for a picture of waves on the ocean. MPEG-II video sources send key and delta frames. Typically, 1 or 2 key frames per second describe the whole picture, and 13 or 28 frames (known as delta frames) describe the change from the key frame. Delta frames are usually substantially smaller than key frames. As a result, rates vary quite a bit from frame to frame. A single frame, however, requires delivery within a specific time frame or the CODEC (code-decode) is incapable of doing its job. A specific priority must be negotiated for delta-frame traffic. RSVP services supporting delay-sensitive traffic are referred to as controlled-delay service (non-real-time service) and predictive service (real-time service).
RSVP Data Flows Process
Unlike routing protocols, RSVP is designed to manage flows of data rather than make decisions for each individual datagram. Data flows consist of discrete sessions between specific source and destination machines. A session is more specifically defined as a simplex flow of datagrams to a particular destination and transport layer protocol. Thus, sessions are identified by the following data: destination address, protocol ID, and destination port. RSVP supports both unicast and multicast simplex sessions.
|It is important to note that RSVP sessions are simplex. Thus, a bidirectional exchange of data between a pair of machines actually constitutes two separate RSVP simplex sessions.
A multicast session sends a copy of each datagram transmitted by a single sender to multiple destinations. A unicast session features a single source and destination machine. An RSVP source and destination address can correspond to a unique Internet host. A single host, however, can contain multiple logical senders and receivers distinguished by port numbers, with each port number corresponding to a different application. Given that RSVP tracks such application-specific information, it is possible for a unicast session to result in data being forwarded to multiple applications within the same destination host.
RSVP Quality of Service
In the context of RSVP, quality of service (QoS) is an attribute specified in flow specifications that are used to determine the way in which data interchanges are handled by participating entities (routers, receivers, and senders). RSVP is used to specify the QoS by both hosts and routers. Hosts use RSVP to request a QoS level from the network on behalf of an application data stream. Routers use RSVP to deliver QoS requests to other routers along the path(s) of the data stream. In doing so, RSVP maintains the router and host state to provide the requested service.
RSVP Session Startup
To initiate an RSVP multicast session, a receiver first joins the multicast group specified by an IP destination address by using the Internet Group Membership Protocol (IGMP). In the case of a unicast session, unicast routing serves the function that IGMP, coupled with protocol-independent multicast (PIM), serves in the multicast case. After the receiver joins a group, a potential sender starts sending RSVP path messages to the IP destination address. The receiver application receives a path message and starts sending appropriate reservation-request messages specifying the desired flow descriptors using RSVP. After the sender application receives a reservation-request message, the sender starts sending data packets.
RSVP Reservation Style
Reservation style refers to a set of control options that specify a number of supported parameters. RSVP supports two major classes of reservation: distinct reservations and shared reservations. Distinct reservations install a flow for each relevant sender in each session. A shared reservation is used by a set of senders that are known not to interfere with each other. Each supported reservation style/scope combination is described following the illustration.
Wildcard-Filter Style
The wildcard-filter (WF) style specifies a shared reservation with a wildcard scope. With a WF-style reservation, a single reservation is created into which flows from all upstream senders are mixed. Reservations can be thought of as a shared pipe whose size is the largest of the resource requests for that link from all receivers, independent of the number of senders. The reservation is propagated upstream toward all sender hosts and is automatically extended to new senders as they appear.
Figure: RSVP Supports Both Distinct Reservations and Shared Reservations illustrates distinct and shared RSVP reservation-style types in the context of their scope.
Fixed-Filter Style
The fixed-filter (FF) style specifies a distinct reservation with an explicit scope. With an FF-style reservation, a distinct reservation request is created for data packets from a particular sender. The reservation scope is determined by an explicit list of senders. The total reservation on a link for a given session is the total of the FF reservations for all requested senders. FF reservations that are requested by different receivers but that select the same sender must be merged to share a single reservation in a given node.
The shared-explicit (SE) style reservation specifies a shared reservation environment with an explicit reservation scope. The SE style creates a single reservation into which flows from all upstream senders are mixed. As in the case of an FF reservation, the set of senders (and, therefore, the scope) is specified explicitly by the receiver making the reservation.
RSVP Reservation Style Implications
WF and SE are both shared reservations that are appropriate for multicast applications in which application-specific constraints make it unlikely that multiple data sources will transmit simultaneously. An example might be audioconferencing, in which a limited number of people talk at once. Each receiver might issue a WF or SE reservation request twice for one audio channel (to allow some overspeaking). The FF style creates independent reservations for the flows from different senders. The FF style is more appropriate for video signals. Unfortunately, it is not possible to merge shared reservations with distinct reservations.
RSVP Soft State Implementation
In the context of an RSVP-enabled network, a soft state refers to a state in routers and end nodes that can be updated by certain RSVP messages. The soft state characteristic permits an RSVP network to support dynamic group membership changes and adapt to changes in routing. In general, the soft state is maintained by an RSVP-based network to enable the network to change states without consultation with end points. This contrasts with a circuit-switch architecture, in which an endpoint places a call and, in the event of a failure, places a new call.
RSVP protocol mechanisms provide a general facility for creating and maintaining a distributed reservation state across a mesh of multicast and unicast delivery paths.
To maintain a reservation state, RSVP tracks a soft state in router and host nodes. The RSVP soft state is created and must be periodically refreshed by path and reservation-request messages. If no matching refresh messages arrive before the expiration of a cleanup timeout interval, the state is deleted. The soft state also can be deleted as the result of an explicit teardown message. RSVP periodically scans the soft state to build and forward path and reservation-request refresh messages to succeeding hops.
When a route changes, the next path message initializes the path state on the new route. Future reservation-request messages establish a reservation state. The state on the now-unused segment is timed out. (The RSVP specification requires initiation of new reservations through the network 2 seconds after a topology change.)
When state changes occur, RSVP propagates those changes from end to end within an RSVP network without delay. If the received state differs from the stored state, the stored state is updated. If the result modifies the refresh messages to be generated, refresh messages are generated and forwarded immediately.
RSVP Operational Model
Under RSVP, resources are reserved for simple data streams (that is, unidirectional data flows). Each sender is logically distinct from a receiver, but any application can act as a sender and a receiver. Receivers are responsible for requesting resource reservations.
Figure: The RSVP Operational Environment Reserves Resources for Unidirectional Data Flows illustrates this general operational environment, while the subsequent section provides an outline of the specific sequence of events.
Figure: The RSVP Operational Environment Reserves Resources for Unidirectional Data Flows
General RSVP Protocol Operation
The RSVP resource-reservation process initiation begins when an RSVP daemon consults the local routing protocol(s) to obtain routes. A host sends IGMP messages to join a multicast group and RSVP messages to reserve resources along the delivery path(s) from that group. Each router that is capable of participating in resource reservation passes incoming data packets to a packet classifier and then queues them as necessary in a packet scheduler. The RSVP packet classifier determines the route and QoS class for each packet. The RSVP scheduler allocates resources for transmission on the particular data link layer medium used by each interface. If the data link layer medium has its own QoS management capability, the packet scheduler is responsible for negotiation with the data link layer to obtain the QoS requested by RSVP.
The scheduler itself allocates packet-transmission capacity on a QoS-passive medium, such as a leased line, and also can allocate other system resources, such as CPU time or buffers. A QoS request, typically originating in a receiver host application, is passed to the local RSVP implementation as an RSVP daemon.
The RSVP protocol then is used to pass the request to all the nodes (routers and hosts) along the reverse data path(s) to the data source(s). At each node, the RSVP program applies a local decision procedure called admission control to determine whether it can supply the requested QoS. If admission control succeeds, the RSVP program sets the parameters of the packet classifier and scheduler to obtain the desired QoS. If admission control fails at any node, the RSVP program returns an error indication to the application that originated the request.
RSVP Tunneling
It is impossible to deploy RSVP or any new protocol at the same moment throughout the entire Internet. Indeed, RSVP might never be deployed everywhere. Therefore, RSVP must provide correct protocol operation even when two RSVP-capable routers are interconnected via an arbitrary cloud of non-RSVP routers. An intermediate cloud that does not support RSVP is incapable of performing resource reservation, so service guarantees cannot be made. However, if such a cloud has sufficient excess capacity, it can provide acceptable and useful real-time service.
To support connection of RSVP networks through non-RSVP networks, RSVP supports tunneling, which occurs automatically through non-RSVP clouds. Tunneling requires RSVP and non-RSVP routers to forward path messages toward the destination address by using a local routing table. When a path message traverses a non-RSVP cloud, the path message copies carry the IP address of the last RSVP-capable router. Reservation-request messages are forwarded to the next upstream RSVP-capable router.
Two arguments have been offered in defense of implementing tunneling in an RSVP environment. First, RSVP will be deployed sporadically rather than universally. Second, by implementing congestion control in situations in which congestion is a known problem, tunneling can be made more effective.
Sporadic, or piecemeal, deployment means that some parts of the network will actively implement RSVP before other parts. If RSVP is required end to end, no benefit is achievable without nearly universal deployment, which is unlikely unless early deployment shows substantial benefits.
Weighted Fair-Queuing Solution
Having the technology to enforce effective resource reservation (such as Cisco's weighted fair-queuing scheme) in a location that presents a bottleneck can have real positive effects. Tunneling presents a risk only when the bottleneck is within a non-RSVP domain and the bottleneck cannot be avoided.
RSVP Messages
RSVP supports four basic message types: reservation-request messages, path messages, error and confirmation messages, and teardown messages. Each of these is described briefly in the sections that follow.
Figure: An RSVP Environment Can Feature a Tunnel Between RSVP-Based Networks illustrates an RSVP environment featuring a tunnel between RSVP-based networks.
Figure: An RSVP Environment Can Feature a Tunnel Between RSVP-Based Networks
Reservation-Request Messages
A reservation-request message is sent by each receiver host toward the senders. This message follows in reverse the routes that the data packets use, all the way to the sender hosts. A reservation-request message must be delivered to the sender hosts so that the hosts can set up appropriate traffic-control parameters for the first hop. RSVP does not send any positive acknowledgment messages.
Path Messages
An RSVP path message is sent by each sender along the unicast or multicast routes provided by the routing protocol(s). A path message is used to store the path state in each node. The path state is used to route reservation-request messages in the reverse direction.
Error and Confirmation Messages
Three error and confirmation message forms exist: path-error messages, reservation-request error messages, and reservation-request acknowledgment messages.
Path-error messages result from path messages and travel toward senders. Path-error messages are routed hop by hop using the path state. At each hop, the IP destination address is the unicast address of the previous hop.
Reservation-request error messages result from reservation-request messages and travel toward the receiver. Reservation-request error messages are routed hop by hop using the reservation state. At each hop, the IP destination address is the unicast address of the next-hop node. Information carried in error messages can include the following:
- Admission failure
- Bandwidth unavailable
- Service not supported
- Bad flow specification
- Ambiguous path
Reservation-request acknowledgment messages are sent as the result of the appearance of a reservation-confirmation object in a reservation-request message. This acknowledgment message contains a copy of the reservation confirmation. An acknowledgment message is sent to the unicast address of a receiver host, and the address is obtained from the reservation-confirmation object. A reservation-request acknowledgment message is forwarded to the receiver hop by hop (to accommodate the hop-by-hop integrity-check mechanism).
Teardown Messages
RSVP teardown messages remove the path and reservation state without waiting for the cleanup timeout period. Teardown messages can be initiated by an application in an end system (sender or receiver) or a router as the result of state timeout. RSVP supports two types of teardown messages: path-teardown and reservation-request teardown. Path-teardown messages delete the path state (which deletes the reservation state), travel toward all receivers downstream from the point of initiation, and are routed like path messages. Reservation-request teardown messages delete the reservation state, travel toward all matching senders upstream from the point of teardown initiation, and are routed like corresponding reservation-request messages.
RSVP Packet Format
Figure: An RSVP Packet Format Consists of Message Headers and Object Fields illustrates the RSVP packet format. The summaries that follow outline the header and object fields illustrated in the fogure.
Figure: An RSVP Packet Format Consists of Message Headers and Object Fields
RSVP Message Header Fields
RSVP message header fields are comprised of the following:
- Version - A 4-bit field indicating the protocol version number (currently version 1).
- Flags - A 4-bit field with no flags currently defined.
- Type - An 8-bit field with six possible (integer) values, as shown in Table: RSVP Message Type Field Values.
Table: RSVP Message Type Field Values
|Message Type
Reservation-request error
Reservation-request acknowledgment
- Checksum - A 16-bit field representing a standard TCP/UDP checksum over the contents of the RSVP message, with the checksum field replaced by 0.
- Length - A 16-bit field representing the length of this RSVP packet in bytes, including the common header and the variable-length objects that follow. If the More Fragment (MF) flag is set or the Fragment Offset field is nonzero, this is the length of the current fragment of a larger message.
- Send TTL - An 8-bit field indicating the IP time-to-live (TTL) value with which the message was sent.
- Message ID - A 32-bit field providing a label shared by all fragments of one message from a given next/previous RSVP hop.
- More fragments (MF) flag - Low-order bit of a 1-byte word with the other 7 high-order bits specified as reserved. MF is set on for all but the last fragment of a message.
- Fragment offset - A 24-bit field representing the byte offset of the fragment in the message.
RSVP Object Fields
RSVP object fields are comprised of the following:
- Length - Is a 16-bit field containing the total object length in bytes (must always be a multiple of 4 and must be at least 4).
- Class-num - Identifies the object class. Each object class has a name. An RSVP implementation must recognize the classes listed in Table: RSVP Object Classes.
The high-order bit of the Class-Num field determines what action a node should take if it does not recognize the Class-Num of an object.
- C-type - Object type, unique within Class-Num. The maximum object content length is 65528 bytes. The Class-Num and C-Type fields (together with the flag bit) can be used together as a 16-bit number to define a unique type for each object.
- Object contents - The Length, Class-Num, and C-Type fields specify the form of the object content.
Refer to Table: RSVP Object Classes for definitions of the classes of objects that can be included in the object contents.
Table: RSVP Object Classes
|Object Class
Contains a Class-Num of 0, and its C-Type is ignored. Its length must be at least 4 but can be any multiple of 4. A null object can appear anywhere in a sequence of objects, and its contents will be ignored by the receiver.
Contains the IP destination address and possibly a generalized destination port to define a specific session for the other objects that follow (required in every RSVP message).
RSVP Hop
Carries the IP address of the RSVP-capable node that sent this message.
|!Object Class
Time Values
If present, contains values for the refresh period and the state TTL to override the default values.
Defines the reservation style plus style-specific information that is not a flow-specification or filter-specification object (included in a reservation-request message).
Flow Specification
Defines a desired QoS (included in a reservation-request message).
Filter Specification
Defines a subset of session-data packets that should receive the desired QoS (specified by a flow-specification object within a reservation-request message).
Sender Template
Contains a sender IP address and perhaps some additional demultiplexing information to identify a sender (included in a path message).
Sender TSPEC
Defines the traffic characteristics of a sender's data stream (included in a path message).
Carries advertising data in a path message.
Error Specification
Specifies an error (included in a path-error or reservation-request error message).
Policy Data
Carries information that will enable a local policy module to decide whether an associated reservation is administratively permitted (included in a path or reservation-request message).
Contains cryptographic data to authenticate the originating node and perhaps to verify the contents of this reservation-request message.
Is an explicit specification of the scope for forwarding a reservation-request message.
Reservation Confirmation
Carries the IP address of a receiver that requested a confirmation. It appears in either a reservation-request or a reservation-request acknowledgment.
RSVP is a transport layer protocol that enables a network to provide differentiated levels of service to specific flows of data. Ostensibly, different application types have different performance requirements. RSVP acknowledges these differences and provides the mechanisms necessary to detect the levels of performance required by different appli-cations and to modify network behaviors to accommodate those required levels. Over time, as time and latency-sensitive applications mature and proliferate, RSVP's capabilities will become increasingly important.
Review Questions
Q - Is it necessary to migrate away from your existing routing protocol to support RSVP?
A - RSVP is not a routing protocol. Instead, it was designed to work in conjunction with existing routing protocols. Thus, it is not necessary to migrate to a new routing protocol to support RSVP.
Q - Identify the three RSVP levels of service, and explain the difference among them.
A - RSVP's three levels of service include best-effort, rate-sensitive, and delay-sensitive service. Best-effort service is used for applications that require reliable delivery rather than a timely delivery. Rate-sensitive service is used for any traffic that is sensitive to variation in the amount of bandwidth available. Such applications include H.323 videoconferencing, which was designed to run at a nearly constant rate. RSVP's third level of service is delay-sensitive service. Delay-sensitive traffic requires timely but not reliable delivery of data.
Q - What are the two RSVP reservation classes, and how do they differ?
A - A reservation style is a set of control options that defines how a reservation operates. RSVP supports two primary types of reservation styles: distinct reservations and shared reservations. A distinct reservation establishes a flow for each sending device in a session. Shared reservations aggregate communications flows for a set of senders. Each of these two reservation styles is defined by a series of filters.
Q - What are RSVP filters?
A - A filter in RSVP is a specific set of control options that specifies operational parameters for a reservation. RSVP's styles include wildcard-filter (WF), fixed-filter (FF), and shared-explicit (SE) filters.
Q - How can RSVP be used through network regions that do not support RSVP?
A - RSVP supports tunneling through network regions that do not support RSVP. This capability was developed to enable a phased-in implementation of RSVP.