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week the soldier and his defense team will be back in military court in
Fort Meade, Maryland, in the latest of a succession of pre-trial
hearings to hammer out the terms of the eventual court martial. Previous
engagements have led to sparky interactions between Coombs and the army
prosecutors seeking to condemn Manning possibly to spending the rest of
his life in military custody.
most significant discussion at next week's proceedings will revolve
around the precise legal definition of what "aiding the enemy" means
specifically its allegation that Manning "knowingly gave intelligence to
the enemy". The judge presiding over Manning's trial, Colonel Denise
Lind, has ruled that the soldier must have had "actual knowledge" that
he was giving intelligence to enemy for the charge to be proven.
will next week attempt to gain further clarification that would raise
the legal bar much higher. In his motion he argues that it is a truism
in the age of the internet, any posted material is potentially
accessible to anybody.
We are trying to end the era of Washington-controlled healthcare. We
believe, as do most of the American people, that it's patient-centered
care is our goal. That's where we need to start. We start along the path
towards that goal by repealing Obamacare.
American people want us to create jobs. That's what we should be using
this time on the floor for, not on this useless bill to nowherebill to
nowhere, that does serious damage to the health and economic well-being
of America's families.
Bizarrely... flattering? Or something!! RT @nytimes: Iraq's Electricity Ministry Puts Katie Couric on Billboards http://nyti.ms/MmAhdI
deal further fueled the existing tension between the Kurdistan Region
and Baghdad over the legality of Kurds' inviting foreign companies to
search for oil in their region. The 2005 Iraqi constitution recognizes
Kurdistan as a federal region run by its regional parliament and
KRG takes into consideration two Articles of the Iraqi constitution that allow the
to conclude exploration deals with foreign companies for natural
resources in their own region, but Baghdad still does not recognize the
contracts signed between KRG and foreign oil companies, so far numbering
over fifty, and considers the deals illegal.
move despite the risk of being blacklisted by Baghdad can be seen as an
indication of growing Western and other international oil companies'
interest in the Kurdistan Region, which estimates its oil reserves at 45
billion barrels, equal to more than 40 percent of that of the rest of
Iraq. KRG offers production share agreements to the oil companies while
Baghdad limits its offer to service contracts.
the discovery of significant reserves of natural gas - estimated over
100 trillion cubic feet, surpassing Libya's gas reserve - attracted
those European companies, which form the Nabucco gas pipeline project
that is due to link Caucasus' gas fields to Europe through Turkey.
Nabucco is meant to reduce Europe's dependency on Russian gas.


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Tim Lake Participates in Fort Wayne Education Forum• September 14, 2007 Share:
Dr. Tim Lake called a recent Fort Wayne forum on education issues for African-American men a success.
Lake helped organize an education forum Sept. 8 sponsored by the Fort Wayne Urban Coalition. Lake is Wabash's Director of the Malcolm X Institute of Black Studies and an assistant English professor.
Approximately 50 community members and school officials from East Allen Community and Fort Wayne Community schools attended. Lake said the Urban Coalition's goal is to create a space where challenges facing student success can be discussed.
"A member of the FWCS school board talked about the value of co-curricular and extra-curricular activities to student engagement and academic success," Lake said. "However, some students are not able to participate in such activities because of transportation issues.
"One concrete idea that came out of the forum was a tacit commitment to addressing the lack of transportation for student attending schools off the public transportation line."
Lake said the problem effects students from the city's urban core who often find it difficult to find a ride home after the school bus has left. "There was general agreement that this was an issue that school officials and community members can mobilize around."
Other issues discussed and expected to be covered in future forums include dropout rates, gaps in testing, graduation rates, disciplinary rates and placement in remedial courses.
"The state of Indiana is just terrible in terms of its ranking," Lake said. "Forty-five percent of African-American students don't graduate high school with their peer group."

subset: commoncrawl


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The study was conducted by researchers from the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario at the University of Guelph and the findings have been published in the journal BMC Medicine. The paper is titled "DNA barcoding detects contamination and substitution in North American herbal products."
For the research, the group examined 44 herbal products produced by 12 manufacturers and sold in the U.S. and Canada. The analysis found that 59 percent of those products contained DNA barcodes from plant species not listed on their labels, and a third of the products contained undeclared contaminants and fillers. In their paper, the researchers noted that substituting ingredients and adding filers can dilute the otherwise helpful activities of certain plant species.
As an example the research team found that a sample labelled as St John's Wort was actually substituted with extract of the plant Senna alexandrina. This is an FDA-approved herbal laxative, and is not recommended for prolonged use as it can cause side effects such as chronic diarrhoea and liver damage. Other products were contaminated with Parthenium hysterophorus, a type of plant commonly known as feverfew, which has side effects including numbness of the mouth and nausea, and can heighten the risk of bleeding when taken with blood-thinning medicines such as Warfarin.
Commenting on the findings, Graham Lord, director of the U.K.'s National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Center, told New Scientist magazine: "The level of regulation of herbal products is not good enough. It's an intelligent idea that the authors suggest to use DNA barcoding to determine purity and really get to grips with the provenance."
The research did not indicate whether or not a herbal remedy is effective; the study looked into the claims of "purity" made by the manufacturers of the products.


text:
Updated version!
Show your box art design with this CD Metal-Box mock-up.
Choose between three different views of the box.
Smart Object layers are used to import the box design.
The default backgrounds (blue and grey) can be replaced by your own backgrounds.
Notice:Box cover images and backgrounds from preview and screenshots are not included in this package.
- Resolution: 4000×4000 pixel / 300 dpi / RGB
- Replaceable background
- Fully layered
- Smart Objects
- Predefined box colors: alu brushed, red, and black
- Update: top cover template as smart object
Files included:
- 3x PSD files, fully layered with smart objects
- 1x help file (pdf)


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Amazing xD
I had a dream. A voice woke me up and said: "Get up, connect the external drive to your PC and search for the last work (Oblivion Lost 2010). Look at your files and think: you can, if you want, make a new, better pack for all STALKER fans! I listened to this voice; so, about three week ago, I started working on: Oblivion Lost 2012, the "Super Mod Pack" "Made in Italy"! This is for you, stalkers. From heart, to heart!
Only registered members can share their thoughts. So come on! Join the community today (totally free - or sign in with your social account on the right) and join in the conversation.
This is what Oblivion Lost 2012 shaders can do. ;)


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Writing in the Houston Chronicle (October 22, 2008), the chief executive officer of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Alan I. Leshner, deplores the recent appointment of three antievolutionists to a committee charged with reviewing a draft of Texas's state science standards. "The new standards will shape how science education is taught in Texas for the next decade, and it would be a terrible mistake to water down the teaching of evolution in any way," he writes, adding, "At a time when most educators are working to prepare students for 21st century jobs, the board members' action threatens to confuse students, divide communities and tarnish Texas' reputation as an international science and technology center."
"The State Board of Education's decisions in the coming months will affect both the college preparation and future job qualifications of our children. Our students deserve a sound education that includes the latest findings of scientific research and excludes ideas that have failed to stand up to scientific scrutiny." That was the message of the 21st Century Science Coalition's advisory committee -- Daniel I. Bolnick, R. E. Duhrkopf, David M. Hillis, Ben Pierce, and Sahotra Sarkar -- delivered in twin op-eds recently published in two Texas newspapers, the Waco Tribune (October 19, 2008), and the Austin American-Statesman (October 21, 2008).
NCSE Supporter Francisco Ayala was profiled in the November 2008 issue of Scientific American. "After some 30 years of proselytizing about evolution to Christian believers, the esteemed evolutionary biologist at the University of California, Irvine, has honed his arguments to a fine point," Sally Lehrman writes. "The 74-year-old Ayala is preparing for an exceptionally busy 2009. The year marks the bicentennial of Charles Darwin's birthday and the sesquicentennial of the publication of On the Origin of Species, and the battle over the teaching of evolution is sure to heat up. Ayala says the need is especially great for scientists to engage religious people in dialogue."
Three antievolutionists have been appointed to a six-member committee to review the draft set of Texas state science standards, and defenders of the integrity of science education are livid. "The committee was chosen by 12 of the 15 members of the board of education, with each panel member receiving the support of two board members," as the Dallas Morning News (October 16, 2008) explains. Six members of the board "aligned with social conservative groups" chose Stephen C. Meyer, the director of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture, Ralph Seelke, a biology professor at the University of Wiconsin, Superior, and Charles Garner, a chemistry professor at Baylor University.
National Center for Science Education, Inc.
1904 Franklin Street, Suite 600
Oakland, CA 94612
fax: 510-788-7971
For Reporters | Store | Events


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I'm mixed feeding because I'm SAH and never pumped a freezer stash , and since I have to rebuild my severely tanked milk supply I'm resorting to formula on an SNS.
My concern lay in the fact that my 8 week old is sleeping -way- less when she eats a lot of formula... I thought it was because of the bottle, but even when she gets formula through the SNS she can't seem to sleep... and if I comfort nurse without the SNS it seems like there's not enough for her (she cries and cries). So, with a lot of formula the past two days she's only slept maybe 8-10 hours a day total. She will go without sleep if she doesn't get the breast... she's not one for a pacifier.
Today I've let her sleep, and she's sleeping sleeping and not eating much at all. I was wondering: since she's sleep deprived, what should come first? Should I still wake her every two hours? For the sake of my supply should I wake her? Should I let her sleep and pump?
Also, if she's nursing and I feel a tug deep inside my breast that's unresolved (it feels like an itch that needs to get scratched but keeps getting missed, I have no other analogy) does that mean that there's a plugged duct in my breast? This feeling is happening frequently, and yesterday I had to resolve a plugged pore in the same breast around the same area.


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Follow RFF News on your cell phone. Text follow rff to 40404 you will receive txt messages with RFF News
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Happy TAR day to everyone!
Is it just me or did we get new intros?
Quote from: Polaroid on March 11, 2012, 07:02:21 PMIs it just me or did we get new intros? I think so!
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It Appears That The Encyclopaedia Britannica Entry On Shaking Down GPS Providers With A Bogus Patent Needs Updating
from the shot-down-again dept
Through a series of events, Britannica ended up in possession of a rather infamous patent (5,241,671), originally granted to Compton's back in 1993. That patent was initially used to claim control over... well... pretty much all multimedia, including CD-ROMs and certain aspects of computers and software. The story got so much attention that the USPTO's boss stepped up and directly ordered a re-exam of the patent. All of the claims were struck down, but Compton's (and soon Britannica who took over ownership of the patent, being an investor in Comptons) kept trying. After eight long years of fighting back and forth, the patent with narrower claims was granted, which Britannica decided covered GPS technology.
To make matters even more confusing, during all of this Britannica had also filed for two continuations patents (the sneaky process we've discussed a few times recently whereby patents holders try to submarine in later offerings with an earlier priority date). Those patents were at the center of the lawsuit we mentioned in 2007.
At the end of 2008, we noted that that original '671 patent had finally been declared invalid. Last summer, we noted that those two other continuation patents had been dumped as well. Britannica, with nothing to lose, appealed.
Last week it lost that appeal. The actual ruling focuses on a technicality in terms of how Britannica filed for those continuation patents. Basically, it screwed up the filing process and that killed any chance of the patents to actually be considered continuations. Because of that, the patents get tossed out as being considered neither new nor non-obvious as they're anticipated by other patents. Either way, hopefully this really is the end of Encyclopaedia Britannica's short life in the world of patent trolling GPS companies...


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|2013-04-03, 23:47
|Link #82
Riding the Ange Express
Join Date: May 2012
Location: Sunriseland
Since Namco-Bandai has a trademark for All Star Battle in the US, any thoughts on who should be part of the English voice cast?
The Japanese voice cast has been star-studded and has been on point so far, so hopefully the English voice cast will be as well. I'm just brainstorming on who would fit each role.
|2013-04-05, 14:30
|Link #83
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2005
Honestly, I'm kinda afraid of seeing how a localized version of this would be handled..... I mean, that would just about inevitably involve altering nearly all of the stand/character names in order to remove all of the musical references (just like the Capcom game did). And those references are kinda part of the HEART of Jojo, you know.....?
|2013-04-05, 16:41
|Link #84
Okuyasu the Bird
Join Date: Sep 2009
Location: Alberta, Canada
Age: 27
I kind of expect it to be handled in a similar fashion to how One Piece: Pirate Warriors was localized. A directly off PSN download title with only translated text and subtitles. Pretty much a localization only avid western fans of the series would usually be aware of. Also this game does cover some JoJo lore that hasn't officially made it to the west too.
An actual retail release would be nice, but I'm not getting my hopes up.
|2013-05-15, 16:35
|Link #89
Okuyasu the Bird
Join Date: Sep 2009
Location: Alberta, Canada
Age: 27
Rohan is a pretty popular character, so it kind of makes sense to include him, even if he's not much of a fighter.
It's confirming Cars is playable at the bottom too. Though since he's displayed next to Yoshikage Kira I'm guessing he'll be DLC as well.
Hoping for some more Vento Aureo and Stone Ocean characters. Both need more representatives than just 2.~
|2013-05-29, 09:49
|Link #90
Okuyasu the Bird
Join Date: Sep 2009
Location: Alberta, Canada
Age: 27
Pardon the double post, but we got an announcement for 3 Vento Aureo characters: Bruno, Narancia and Diavolo.
The roster from this game is getting pretty damn large. Could possibly make balancing quite more difficult, but thankfully we live in a time of game patches.~
|2013-05-29, 15:48
|Link #93
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2005
Never really cared much for Diavolo, but I'm glad to see Bruno and Narancia, at least.
Agreed on all counts, though I think the 3 Brandobrats (Ungaro, Rykiel, Versace) would make nice additions, as well. All 3 of them were endgame bosses with really unique stand powers in their respective series, after all.
|2013-06-03, 01:48
|Link #96
Senior Member
Join Date: Feb 2008
No Stroheim yet....
Anyhow, they surely have gone all-out with this game. There have revealed many characters, and I'm sure they will be revealing more. There are very few characters for SO and SBR, though I guess those could always be DLC'd.
|2013-06-09, 10:53
|Link #98
Kana Hanazawa ♥
Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: France
Age: 32
Diavolo: Toshiyuki Morikawa
Doppio: Akira Ishida
Buccelati: Noriaki Sugiyama
Narancia: Yuuko Sanpei
I don't know if Doppio is actually playable or if the only thing we see of him is his transformation into Diavolo before the fight begins (like in the above vid).
|2013-06-09, 14:13
|Link #99
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2005
I actually kinda wish that it were JUST Doppio who were playable. He's not one of my favorite characters either, but I find him several times more interesting than his "main" personality. Though as far as part 5 enemies go I would have preferred Risotto Nero overall.....
I tried to see what you were talking about, but it looks like the pic in question got removed. Guess whoever uploaded it was also wary of part 8 spoilers, eh?
|2013-06-09, 15:32
|Link #100
Join Date: Mar 2011
Location: Chile
Official site updated, today Namco's server was temporarily down due to overload; people can't figure if it was Tekken or Jojo's fault
Speaking off, it seems that the people of 2chan have been crazy getting pics :
edit :
Last edited by Okashira; 2013-06-10 at 03:42.
|Thread Tools


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7:00 am
Dialogue "Life on the River of No Return" Host Marcia Franklin interviews Isaac and Bjornen Babcock, husband and wife filmmakers from McCall, about their NATURE documentary River of No Return. The couple, who spent more than a year in Idaho's Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness, discuss the making of the film, some of the highlights of their adventure, and some of the challenges they faced.G
7:30 am
Outdoor Idaho "Horse Packers & Wagon Masters" Idahoans who bond with horses and mules to follow dusty trails view Idaho's scenery at leisure and share its past. One man sets a distance record for packing with horse and mule as he rides for charity. Teamsters explore part of the Oregon Trail with wagons and mules, and trail riders head into the Selkirk Mountains.G
8:00 am
Oregon Field Guide "Crater Lake Petroglyphs" This episode visits the backcountry of the Warner Uplands with archaeologists who have spent 30 years tracking down evidence of ancient people.G
8:30 am
Roadtrip Nation "In-Studio Interview: Veronica Belmont" Past Roadtrippers Mariana and Hannah join RTN staffer Jason on the Roadtrip Nation Winnebago stage to interview Veronica Belmont, Gamer and Host of Tekzilla, a technology news podcast. The audience hears about Veronica's love for technology and the moment of serendipity that led her from humble beginnings to internet fame. Veronica urges the audience to "Think big," and fields questions from her fans about gaming, technology, and the Road she's paved to arrive at a meaningful job. D
9:00 am
Market Warriors "Antiquing In Oronoco, Mn" At the annual Downtown Oronoco Gold Rush Days, the pickers are teamed up men versus women, and are looking for antique toys among the more than 300 vendors scattered throughout town. Some key finds include a vintage pinball machine, a Trifari bracelet and a trolley seat.G
10:00 am
Everyday Edisons "Happy Trails (And Trials) to You" The waiting is over! A year after the casting calls, our 10 inventors are eager to know what's become of their inventions. In our final episode of the season, we reveal the status of each prototype, where they are in the timeline of success and how our Everyday Edisons team has worked with inventors throughout the season to help them to achieve their ultimate goal. Some may see their products stocked in major retail stores, others on direct response television spots and a few may face further obstacles to their success. D
10:30 am
Independent Lens "Ai Weiwei: Never Sorry" First-time director Alison Klayman gains access to Ai Weiwei while working as a journalist in China. She has made a detailed portrait that provides a nuanced exploration of contemporary China and its most famous international artist and outspoken domestic critic. A dissident for the digital age, the artist inspires global audiences and blurs the boundaries of art and politics.G
12:00 pm
Globe Trekker "Panama & Colombia" Megan explores two countries that are refreshingly untouched by mass tourism.G
1:00 pm
Need to Know JOHN LARSON ANCHORS. As the debate over immigration reform continues in Washington D.C., Need to Know offers an inside look at the lives of Latino farm workers. D
1:30 pm
McLaughlin Group NULL
2:00 pm
Biz Kid$ "Introducing Entrepreneurs" You'll discover an entrepreneur is someone who sees a financial opportunity and acts upon it. Learn the stories behind the Frisbee, the Slinky, and blue jeans. Meet an entrepreneur who started a lemonade stand to raise money for playground equipment, then grew so successful she was able to make over an entire park. D
2:30 pm
Oregon Field Guide "Astoria Canyon" Hidden in the dark world of the deep ocean, Astoria Canyon is being opened to view with new technology.G
3:00 pm
Cook's Country from America's Test Kitchen "Chicken for Everyone!" Test cook Julia Collin Davison shows host Christopher Kimball how to make perfect One-Pan Roast Chicken and Vegetables. Then, equipment expert Adam Ried reveals his top picks for kitchen shears. Next, tasting expert Jack Bishop challenges Chris to a tasting of canned tomato soup. D
3:30 pm
Rick Steves' Europe "Oslo" Rick finds evidence of the proud Norwegian spirit in the country's capital - from Viking ships to a sleek new opera house, from World War II tales of terrorism to the constant festival at the thriving harbor. He takes in major art pieces and sails with friends in a fjord.G
4:00 pm
NOVA "Japan's Killer Quake" In its worst crisis since World War II, Japan faces disaster on an epic scale: a rising death toll in the tens of thousands, massive destruction of homes and businesses, shortages of water and power, and the specter of nuclear reactor meltdowns. The facts and figures are astonishing. The March, 2011 earthquake was the world's fourth-largest since recordkeeping began in 1900 and the worst ever to shake Japan.G
5:00 pm
Makers: Women Who Make America Academy Award-winning actress Meryl Streep narrates this film that spotlights some of the remarkable women of America's modern history. The film is built from first-person accounts of women who have experienced this time of change and tells the story of how women have advanced during the last half century. Women's movement leaders and opponents tell their stories as well as women currently in leadership positions, and those who broke barriers in their chosen fields.G
8:00 pm
Julia Child Memories: Bon Appetit! PBS presents a retrospective that includes some of the most memorable episodes from Child's classic cooking series, THE FRENCH CHEF: "Bouillabaisse à la Marseillaise," "To Roast A Chicken" and "The Omelette Show." In addition to testimonials from noted chefs, the program features commentary from author Julie Powell, who wrote the book on which the film comedy Julie & Julia is based, and Meryl Streep, who stars as Julia Child.G
10:00 pm
Makers: Women Who Make America Academy Award-winning actress Meryl Streep narrates this film that spotlights some of the remarkable women of America's modern history. The film is built from first-person accounts of women who have experienced this time of change and tells the story of how women have advanced during the last half century. Women's movement leaders and opponents tell their stories as well as women currently in leadership positions, and those who broke barriers in their chosen fields.G


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CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – MIT senior Emily Kuo (Chicago, Ill.) was voted as the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC) Athlete of the Year. This is the third time in the past four years that the award has gone to an MIT student-athlete. With the honor, Kuo also earned an automatic spot on the NEWMAC All-Conference team, where she was joined by three other Engineers. Kuo and fellow senior Andrea Park (Irvine, Calif.) were named to the First Team, while senior Meghan Wright (Devon, Pa.) and junior Samantha Fleischmann (Eastchester, Pa.) were tabbed to the Second Team.
Kuo, who has received first team selection honors every year that she has been at MIT, scored a team-leading 12 goals throughout the 2012 season. She is currently second in the NEWMAC in goals and fourth in points (25) and is fourth in the MIT record book for career goals (41).
Receiving the second first team selection in her career, Park has scored two goals and tallied two assists to total six points for her senior season. She was also recently named to the Capital One Academic All-District women's soccer team as announced by the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA) for the first time.
MIT's starting goalkeeper, Wright, has appeared on the All-Conference team three times in her career. She is currently the MIT record holder for fewest goals allowed (season and career), saves (career), save percentage (season and career), goals against average (season and career) and shutouts (season and career). She was named to the CoSIDA Academic All-District team last week, the third time she has appeared on the list in the past four years.
Fleischmann, who is receiving her first All-Conference honors, has scored three goals and totaled three assists to equal 12 points, the second highest on the team for the season. She is currently tied for fourth in the NEWMAC for assists. The junior is one of only four Engineers who have started and played in all 18 games this season.


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Lewes Historical Society's Antiques Show Celebrates 50 Years on August 3
PLUS: Test the trails (and your footwork) with Bike and Hike Hagley, Little League Big League World Series hits Roxana, and more.
Jennifer Higdon Strings Us Along
Fans of our own Serafin String Quartet, here is news: Naxos has released its latest recording. Hear early chamber works by Grammy and Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Jennifer Higdon on "Sky Quartet" by one of the most exciting chamber groups on the scene. The String Trio for violin, viola, cello (1988) was written while Higdon was a developing young composer, and the influences of Prokofiev and Copland can be heard in the Sonata for Viola and Piano (1990). The beauty of the Western sky was the inspiration for Sky Quartet (string quartet, 1997, rev 2001). Dark Wood for violin, cello, bassoon and piano (2001) explores the soulful character of the bassoon. "Amazing Grace" taps the vocal attributes of the String Quartet in a setting of one of the most recognized and cherished American folk tunes. Pianist Charles Abramovic and bassoonist Eric Stomberg join the lineup for that. Higdon, of Philadelphia, is one of the most-performed and most honored composers in modern chamber music today. Serafin String Quartet debuted its first release on the Centaur label in fall 2010. It received high praise in The Strad Magazine and American Record Guide. Significant recording projects remain an important part of the Quartet's artistic activity. The Serafins work to present recorded material that reflects the quality of their own output and their philosophical commitment to the works of living composers, as well as time-tested masterworks, through performance and recording projects. Serafin String Quartet is the Quartet in Residence at the University of Delaware and takes its name from master violin maker, Sanctus Serafin, who in 1728 crafted the violin now played by quartet member Kate Ransom. Order the quartet's recording now on Amazon or iTunes. For more, click here.
» for more from The Arts Buzz, click here.
Aug. 3
Your family will enjoy face painting, prizes, games, food and more during the Back-2-School Family Fest at Alapocas Run State Park... More
Hit First Saturday in the First State at First State Heritage Park for tours and talks at cool sites like Johnson Victrola Museum and the Biggs Museum of American Art... More
Something old is new again, at least for you. Visit the Lewes Historical Society's 50th annual Antiques Show at the historic complex... More
Aug. 3-4
Are you a fan of pop divas like Beyonce, Lady Gaga, Adele and Katy Perry? Clear Space Theatre in Rehoboth Beach gives them the Broadway treatment in "Radio Gaga: A Glee-ful Event."... More
New Sweden at 375 explores and celebrates the founding of the first permanent European settlement in the Delaware River Valley. Learn all about it at Willingtown Square Gallery. It left a mark... More
What goes down in a famous drag nightclub? Lots of drama, and lots of sequins. See "La Cage Aux Folles" at Clear Space Theatre in Rehoboth... More
If you love classic photography from its golden age, get to the Delaware Art Museum for "French Twist" for the real picture... More
It's a milestone for Rehoboth Art League--75 years young and counting--making this year's annual Members Fine Art Exhibit & Heritage Artists very special indeed... More
Aug. 4-7
Ten national and international teams compete in the Little League Big League World Series. You could watch on ESPN, but it's better live... More
Aug. 7
The name Bike and Hike Hagley pretty much says it all. Lace up your shoes or pump up your tires to see the historic property while it stays open late. Few places in Delaware are as beautiful... More
» for more events, click here.


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Genero (Feat. Son Of Slaves) - Talk With God [User Submitted]
"Good art is art that allows you to enter it from a variety of angles and to emerge with a variety of views."-Mary Schmich (twitter.com/genero44)
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Zac Efron & Imogen Poots: 'Are We Officially Dating?' Duo
Zac Efron chats with his co-star Imogen Poots during a break from filming their new flick Are We Officially Dating? on Thursday (December 20) in New York City.
The 25-year-old actor was also joined on set by his co-stars Miles Teller and Michael B. Jordan.
Earlier in the day, Zac looked dapper in a sport coat while filming a scene for the romantic comedy.
Are We Officially Dating? is about three Manhattan bachelors who make a pact to have as much fun as possible while remaining single.
20+ pictures inside of Zac Efron and Imogen Poots on set…


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BEAUTY OP-ED | Seeing red
"Is that your real colour?" is a question I've come to terms with answering.
I don't mind though, as my red hair was a choice and not the prison sentence so many red heads see it as being. To be fair, I'm over the moon I found red hair later in life. I didn't suffer the torment of being a red-headed child, an orange beacon to neigbourhood bullies, different from the rest of the flock at a time in life when being different was a punishable offense. As a self-selected adult red head people still look shocked when they learn that my 'condition' is self inflicted.
Why did I do it? Many reasons… it's fun, colourful, makes the eyes pop and, after all, IT'S ONLY HAIR, people (I will never understand those married to one hair colour for life).
Mostly, I blame it on my inner Contrarian; in a world where everyone covets blonde hair I did what came naturally to me – the opposite.
Also – full disclosure – my dad has auburn hair. So does my mother's sister. So do a couple of my dad's brothers. So do my cousins. It's safe to say I had a pretty good idea that the colour would suit me. I didn't walk blindly into the world of being a red head.
If you're thinking about joining Team Red, I've stockpiled a few handy observations on life as red head. Having entered the realm of the red head after 25 years of life as a blonde, it's been real seeing life on either side of the hair-color fence. So, with my cultural anthropologist hat on, I've put together an abridged field report for you...


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Wednesday, August 4, 2010
Logical Systems
Inferentialism is, roughly speaking, the view that the only thing that is important to our understanding of a statement is the way that statements interacts with the surrounding web of statements in our belief system. This is made precise by saying that we understand a statement precisely when we could recognize a proof or disproof of it.
Computationalism is the view that a mind can be represented as a computer program, that is, there is no fundamentally non-computable stuff going on up there: if a computer was fast enough, it could compute the proper outputs to the nerves based on the microsecond-to-microsecond inputs received.
Together, these two views entail that we cannot fully understand math in its present form. Goedel's semantic incompleteness theorem shows that for any computer program, there will exist statements in basic number theory which that computer program can recognize no proof or disproof of. Perhaps one might respond that this seems acceptable, as it becomes very difficult to understand complicated mathematical statements, and it doesn't seem implausible that we have some limit corresponding to Goedel-style incompleteness. However, in general our ability to understand the meaning of mathematical statements does not seem to correspond that well to our ability to prove or disprove them (or understand proofs provided by others). The continuum hypothesis, for example, seems understandable; yet it is known not to have a proof or disproof in any widely accepted set of axioms. It seems implausible (to me, at least) that it's understandability comes from its being provable or disprovable in our mental logic. The halting problem provides numerous other examples which I would claim were understandable yet not amenable to proof or disproof.
This means we've got to either give up inferentialism, computationalism, or classical mathematics. Very roughly speaking: people who give up classical mathematics are some variety of intuitionist or constructivist; people who give up computationalism are some variety of dualist or hypercomputationalist (like Roger Penrose).Now, I don't disagree in principle with restructuring math from the bottom up, but it seems desirable for a foundational program to capture as much as possible of the way mathematicians intuitively reason, so I'm hesitant to be a constructivist (though I may yet be converted). Similarly, I don't have anything against the possibility that some processes yet-unknown to physicists are endowing minds with special non-computational behaviors (and since I'm not a constructivist, I even believe that such behaviors can be well-defined and deterministic!). However, I don't know that this is the case, and neuroscience seems to suggest that much of neural processing can be accounted for in a computational way. Furthermore, as an artificial intelligence researcher, I hope that the essence of "mind" can be captured computationally. I fall in the third category, wanting to give up inferentialism.
Giving up inferentialism is not to be done lightly. It's a highly plausible assertion, especially for the computationalist: what else should matter about a statement then the computational interactions it has with other statements?
The solution I find plausible I'll call weak inferentialism: we understand a statement if we can compute a defining set of inferences. The statement's meaning is precisely that defining set; it is merited when all inferences in that set are merited, and (optionally?) false when one of them is false. (Should falseness be taken as a basic concept?) This does not mean that we can compute all of the statement's consequences, though. For example, the defining set of a universal statement P: "For all x, S is true of x" will be all the statements "S is true of A", "S is true of B", ... It's possible that another statement, Q, has a list of consequences which is some subset of P's list. In this case, Q would be a consequence not in the list for P. In some sense, however, Q does not add anything to the list: it just summarizes a portion of it. The weak inferentialist argues that this allows us to understand P without necessarily knowing that Q follows from it.
(There may be some interesting connections between these two types of inferentialism and the "Principle of Harmony" from proof theory, which states that the introduction rules and elimination rules for symbols should precisely mirror each other. This basically corresponds to a connection between the inferences from which we can conclude a statement and the inferences we can make from that statement. This principle may have to be spelled out differently for the two types of inferentialism. I don't know enough about the principle of harmony to make a well-considered connection, though.)
Now, the question: what foundational logics do the two different inferentialist pictures recommend? In particular, if we're also computationalist?
Strong inferentialism will only care about notions of logical consequence which have complete proof theories, like first-order logic. An inferentialist will only care about what structures of reasoning can be implemented in the logic. In particular, it seems natural to consider a logic as a programming language. Think of it like this: we have some basic domain of discourse we wish to talk about (such as the actual world), and we have the logic which allows us to make assertions which will cause some statements about the domain of discourse to entail other such statements. The logic is nothing more than a means for expressing these entailment relationships between the domain-level facts.
Ignoring computational efficiency and one or two other practical matters, it seems that little about the logic matters once we've determined that it is Turing complete. Classical first-order logic, intuitionistic first-order logic, and a host of others will all do equally well.
Interestingly, though, more powerful logics can be motivated even in this minimalistic worldview (if we bring practical matters like speed back into the picture). Goedel showed that mathematically more powerful logics (in a specific sense) will always have the following property: there will be some inferences which can be made in an astronomical number of inference steps in the less-powerful logic, but which the more-powerful logic proves in just a few steps. This theorem only holds for arbitrarily large domains of discourse, though, so it is an empirical question whether the phenomenon occurs in practical situations. The paper "A curious inference" by George Boolos and "Some More Curious Inferences" by Jeffrey Ketland discuss the issue (taking the affirmative).
Happily, the notion of "more powerful" here coincides at least to an extent with the more typical notions, which seems to mean that we can justify a good amount of normal math via this sort of reasoning, despite the fact that strong inferentialism will deny that math its standard meaning. However, I don't know the precise connection here, and I won't try to explore (in this blog post) precisely what of mathematics could be justified in that way.
In any case: what sort of view of logic does weak inferentialism suggest? Well, based on the idea of the defining set of consequences, we could say that a (non-basic) statement is a computer program for listing its own consequences. The "most expressive" logic will be one which uses a Turing-complete notation to do this. The key difference between this system and the previous is that we may not be able to infer a statement even if we can infer all of its defining consequences: we cannot implement the truth conditions computationally. Hence, we still have a (highly abstract, irrelevant of speed issues) concept of a more powerful logic: a more powerful logic will know more about which statements follow from which others. This is equivalent to knowing more about the halting problem (since we could check for implication A->B by making a program that halts when B implies something A does not, but keeps looping otherwise).
Fortunately, the extra information can always be expressed in the same logic! We never need to add more expressiveness, only more knowledge. The work done by any additional symbols can evidently be done without them, because the notation is Turing-complete.
The weak inferentialist logic includes the Liar sentence, ie, the sentence whose defining consequence is just its own negation. This can be dealt with via Kripke's fixed-point valuation: we enforce the constraint that a statement is considered true exactly when its defining inferences are merited, but we don't require that a sentence is either true or false. The inference "The Liar sentence is false" is neither right nor wrong; it remains undefined, since there is nothing for it to take its truth or falsehood from. The Liar sentence is ungrounded.
Exactly how this works will depend on whether we want falsehood as a basic concept, which I left open at the beginning. If we don't take it as basic, then falsehood might be defined as the property of implying everything. The Liar paradox then becomes something very reminiscent of the Curry paradox: "This sentence implies everything." What the fixed-point construction tells us is that we can't in general use hypothetical reasoning to see if inferences are indeed justified: if we want to know whether sentence X, which asserts just X|-Y, is true, then it appears we should assume X and see if we can derive Y. (Read X|-Y as "from X we can infer Y".) If we assume X, then we know X|-Y, but combining those two, we know Y. This hypothetical reasoning proves X|-Y, so we know X (un-hypothetically). But this entails Y, which might be "everything"! Logicians have provided weaker forms of hypothetical reasoning which conform to the fixed-point construction in order to avoid this problem. (Specifically, we can only make hypothetical assumptions which we already know are grounded.)
It's interesting that this means the sentence which just claims that inferring Y is justified is radically different from the sentence which claims that inferring Y from itself is justified, despite the fact that once we believe either, they justify the same inferences. The two even have the same conditions for being true: if we know Y, we can conclude both (since A|-B is true when B is inferable, that is, |-B implies A|-B, regardless of A). However, when Y is false, then the statement "infer Y" is false, but "From this statement, infer Y" is ungrounded and thus considered undefined.
The final thing to note is that, although no further expressiveness appears to be justified by weak inferentialism, the system described cannot fully express the concept of "groundedness" I've been using. (It can only mark it true, never false; but I've noted that statements are ungrounded more than once in this discussion.) Hence, we have an immediate example of a concept which appears to be mathematically well-defined, but which weak inferentialism does not seem to be able to account for. Yet, what is lost? After all, these supposed statements can't even be given a computable list of defining inferences they justify! Is it useful to state that something is ungrounded? (I think the more basic notion called into question here is negation itself: is it always meaningful to know that something is not the case? Negation has no defining set of inferences!)
2 comments:
"Together, these two views entail that we cannot fully understand math in its present form." This doesn't follow. Surely, we only practically use logics for which it is decidable whether something constitutes a proof or a disproof of a sentence. In particular, we can prove about some sentences that no construct can constitute their proof or disproof in some logic system, we understand them alright wrt. that logic (not only we can recognize any dis/proof, we did it -- negatively -- in one fell swoop). But the post is nice, should I understand that it explains the "entailment" later?ReplyDelete
You are right, this part is messy; my brother pointed out the same mistake. Basically, what's intended is that "math in its present form" (or, even, logic as presently understood-- provided we think 2nd-order logic is logic) has a notion of consequence which cannot be captured by any computationally verifiable proof system (thanks to incompleteness); therefore since an inferentialist thinks that understanding relies on being able to recognize proofs, an inferentialist must either reject the claim that we understand present math, or reject computationalism.ReplyDelete
The actual proof is given in the paper I cite at the beginning.


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|Type of Engine
|Number of Cylinders
|4 Cylinders
|Weight (lbs/kg)
|455.00 lbs / 206.38 kg
|Fuel Delivery
|Fuel Injected
|Displacement (cu/cc)
|183.00 cu / 2,998.83 cc
|Shaft Length Options
|20'' (508 mm) / 25'' (635 mm)
|Shift/Throttle Control
|Recommended Fuel
|Unleaded Regular 87 Octane Minimum
|Alternator Output
|60 amp / 75 watt
|Engine Monitoring System
The Mission of the Mercury 150 HP FourStroke
Simply stated the mission of the new Mercury 150 HP FourStroke is to be absolutely the best, most dependable outboard engine on the market for both saltwater and freshwater applications.
High Torque. Before this engine was designed, Mercury conducted extensive surveys among a broad spectrum of boat owners in both fresh and saltwater across North America and around the world. It found out that watersports-oriented boaters, bass anglers, and most everyone else wanted a boat with high torque in the low rpm range for fast hole shots and to get a heavy boat up fast without wallowing along…or having to move weight to the bow to get on plane.
Saltwater Safe. It also found out that saltwater boaters wanted an engine which would start every time, not load up and choke after prolonged trolling, and would be impervious to saltwater corrosion. And, of course, everyone wanted fuel efficiency.
The Last Shall Be First. One of the advantages of being the last company to market with a new product is that Mercury's engineers could look at all of the competition, then figure out how to improve on every 150 engine in the market. The new Mercury 150 would have to have the low-end torque of a 2-stroke, be lighter than the other 4-strokes, be bulletproof when it came to saltwater corrosion, and earn a reputation over time for durable maintenance-free operation.
We are only a little more than a year into this engine's life, but word is drifting back from the field that the engine is fulfilling its durability and performance expectations.
Distinguishing Features
Greatest Displacement. Some engineers like to say that "there's no replacement for displacement" and so it is not surprising that the Mercury 150 has the largest displacement of any outboard engine in class – 183 cubic inches or 3000 cc/3.0 L. That is 12.8% more than its chief rival.
Lightest 4-Stroke. The lightest Mercury model weighs 455 lbs. (206.8 kgs.), dry. That's 19 lbs. (8.6 kgs.) lighter than the previous lightweight in the 4-stroke class.
Significantly Fewer Parts. This is a biggie because it affects so many things – weight, durability, fuel efficiency and cost. While it still has a lot more parts than a 2-stroke, the Mercury 150 has a remarkable 18% fewer parts than her chief rival. At one stroke that translates in to better fuel efficiency and greater durability.
Low-Friction SOHC Valve Train. By having just two large valves per cylinder instead of four, the new Mercury 150 has not only half as many valves, but also half as many springs and cams – all of which can rob power. SOHC engines are famous for producing better torque at the low end and this combined with the greater displacement means the 150 should be as fast out of the hole as a 2-stroke.
No Shims. Because the 150 has no shims she does not need a trip to the service shop to have its lash adjustment after a certain number of hours like most other 4-strokes on the planet. This saves maintenance costs that can run over $500.
Major Features
Lowest Copper in Aluminum Alloy. Mercury claims that its XK360 aluminum alloy is the most corrosion-resistant among all 4-stroke outboard brands because its copper content is only 0.2%, a fraction of what the other engine makers use. This alloy is used in the block, driveshaft housing, gear case and in the alternator housing. The cast aluminum head has less than 0.15% copper content.
Key Stainless Steel Components. The prop, shift mechanism, drive shafts, trim/tilt rams, tilt tubes, lower yokes and water pump housings among other things are made of 300 Series stainless steel used to avoid corrosion as much as possible, provide strength and long life.
Scroll Intake Manifold. The 150 has a long intake runner manifold designed to insure maximum intake air flow to the engine's 3.0 L displacement cylinders, while helping maintain it's lean, slim profile.
Compact Design. The Mercury 150's profile is smaller than virtually any other engine in class. That means that its outboard well intrusion is less.
60 AMP Alternator. Mercury's alternator is a belt-driven, "on-demand" unit that produces less heat because it is only producing power when it is needed. It has the highest AMP output of any 4-stroke engine on the market, thus supplying adequate power for accessories and keeping the battery fully charged at the same time.
Exclusive Oil Cooler and Sump. This design maintains proper oil temperature which enhances performance and extends the life of the engine.
45-Degree Engine Head Mount System. By placing the engine head mounts at a 45-degree angle Mercury significantly reduces vibration at all points in the power band. Because the mounts are placed further from the power head, high-temperature transfer is significantly reduced which increases the life of the rubber material which dampens vibration in the mount housing.
4.88-Inch Torpedo Gear Case. This beefy gear case becomes particularly important at high speed in a chop when the boat may catch air or when running over an obstruction.
No Mess Oil-Change System. The Merc 150 has a special valve that fits a plastic tube to easily drain the engine oil into a container without making a mess. The oil filter can be easily removed without special tools and just below it is a "spill tray" to receive the oil that unavoidably will seep out of the horizontal filter. The tray can also be fitted with the same plastic tube to run the filter spillage into a container.
Heavy-Duty Transom Brackets. One place where Mercury engineers decided not to save weight was on the transom bracket, in fact it is 22% heavier than that found on its prime competitor.
Saltwater Friendly
The new Mercury 150 was specifically designed to be a sterling product for saltwater applications. First, that means to be as corrosion-resistant as modern technology and metallurgy permit. Mercury has done that with its patented low-copper aluminum alloys that are generally agreed to be a significant advancement.
Secondly, its "MercFusion" paint system features an electro-deposition paint process which electronically bonds paint to metal throughout the engine, even inside internal water passages. Further, of the stainless steel components mentioned above go a long way to solving historical corrosion problems.
Finally, Mercury has installed a waterproof electrical system and connectors that sit inside a tightly sealed cowling that has baffles to let air in and force water out.
The sum of all of these features is the creation of an outboard engine that should be second to none in saltwater.
Recommended Applications
A Workhorse. The Mercury 150 probably has the widest applications of any outboard engine in the company's line-up -- for both saltwater and freshwater use. In either single or twin installations it is appropriate for --
Boats Designed for 2-Stroke Engines. When the first generation of 4-stroke engines were first placed on boats designed for 2-stroke motors, many boats did not perform well until solidly on plane. In many cases 4-stroke engines struggled to get the bow down and the stern up. The reason this happened was because the boats were designed for the relatively low weight and the high torque generated by 2-stroke engines.
2-Stroke or Four? In the meantime most builders have slowly retooled their outboard boats to better handle the 4-stroke engines' higher weight and torque characteristics. This redesign usually made the boats easier to get on plane with 4-stroke engines, but they still couldn't compete with 2-stroke engines in some important applications. Today, boaters are repowering both older boats intended for 2-stroke motors and the newer versions designed for 4-stroke power. But which engine technology to use?
All-Purpose Engine. The Mercury 150 FourStroke has been specifically designed to perform well on all outboard boats of any vintage because of its low weight and high low-end torque. Because it is 4-stroke it has the same fuel-efficiency boaters have come to expect of the new breed of outboards. As a result it is ideal for repower applications.
Mechanical or Hydraulic Steering? The 150 is flexible enough to be able to accommodate mechanical or hydraulic steering, the Mercury "Big Tiller" system, mechanical control cables, as well as a full compliment of either analog or digital SmartCraft gauges.
Easy Maintenance/Low Maintenance/Low Cost
As remarkable as it may sound, Mercury is actually the first outboard engine maker to install a plate on an engine explaining when and how to maintain it. The plate is easy to read and in plane English and we predict it will be the start of a trend. Here is what is says--
"Every 100 Hours of Use or Once a Year."
"Every 300 Hours of Use or Every 3 Years."
That's It. What could be more simple or more obvious? The engine does not have to go back to the dealer for maintenance at either 100 hours or 300 hours. There are no shims to be re-adjusted by the dealer. Rather, the engine has directions printed right on its side and color-coded engine maintenance locations. But there is more…
Maintenance Videos On A Smartphone. A QR code icon that can be read with a smartphone is printed right on the engine maintenance plate. When the proper app is downloaded the QR code will call up maintenance instructions with more details. There are even videos on this Mercury website which will -- step-by-step -- take an owner through the simple procedures. This is the next best thing to having a service tech on hand -- and a lot cheaper.
Built to Last
The genius -- in our opinion -- of the Mercury 150's engineering and overall design is how its features create more than one, two, or even more attributes. For example, the class-leading 3.0 L displacement not only gives the engine 0-to-plane times on a par with a 2-stroke engines, but it also means at normal cruising speeds the engine does not have to work so hard to produce the required power. That means fewer rpms are needed. The engine is not stressed to its limits. It should last longer.
Robust Displacement Indeed, look at 250-hp engines from nearly any engine maker, including Mercury, and it becomes readily apparent that most hover around the 3.0 liter range in displacement. Yet with Mercury's new engine that displacement is only required to produce 150-hp.
Consequences of Good Design. The engine has 18% fewer moving parts to save weight, but that attribute also provides the added benefit of fewer parts to wear out or break. The stainless steel used to protect against saltwater corrosion pays off a second time because it is so strong and durable. The weight and cost of the parts eliminated has gone into better materials for the parts that are used, which isnsome cases are heavier than normal in class for durability's sake.
Freshwater Applications All of the features that make the 150 so durable in saltwater should make it virtually bulletproof in freshwater. It is a mistake to think that corrosion can't happen in freshwater because, of course it can.
Juice in the Water. That is one reason why the 150 has sacrificial anodes. Marinas often have stray current in the water that can quickly eat through vulnerable metals. In some places there are chemicals and salts in the water that can do damage and that's why the engine should be regularly flushed even in freshwater locations. The Mercury 150 has a handy fitting for a garden hose for just that purpose.
Fast Hole-Shot Times. Boaters in freshwater tend to be more concerned about fast and powerful acceleration. Bass anglers want it so they can be first to the honey hole during tournaments. Watersports enthusiasts want high initial torque to get skiers and wakeboarders up fast, even with a boat load of people. The 150's SOHC design, and 3.0 L displacement, combined with its EFI system makes performance on this score competitive with 4-stroke engines.
50% of all outboard boats sold last year in the U.S. fell in the 14' to 19' (4.25 to 5.79 m) range. So, for a "generic" test boat we chose an aluminum fishing boat that is in the heart of that range.
Test Boat. Our test boat had a LOA of 17'6" (5.33 m), and a beam of 7'9" (2.4 m). With an empty hull weight of 1,345 lbs (610 kg), full fuel, two people and the 150 Mercury outboard, we had a test weight of 2,382 lbs (1080 kg).
On Test Day. The 150-hp 4-stroke Mercury outboard motor we tested swung a 13 3/4 x 20 three-bladed stainless steel Enertia prop. Test day was almost perfect: 78F, 72% humidity and light breeze.
Consumer Caveat. Consumers using this data to gauge the performance of boats they are considering should focus on the total weight of the boat as tested, its beam, and the prop geometry. These are the most important variables.
WOT Speed. Our aluminum test boat reached a top speed at 5650 rpm of 53.3 mph. At that speed we were measuring a fuel burn of 14 gph for 3.81 statute miles per gallon.
Best cruise came in at 3000 rpm and 25.2 mph. That reduced the fuel burn to 3.2 gph or 7.88 statute miles per gallon. Not only is that the most efficient planing speed for our test boat, put it was the most efficient speed any during out test. That is to say, even at a very slow trolling speed of 4.3 mph (1000 RPM) we got fewer miles per gallon -- 5.06 mpg.
Acceleration. Most impressive was the 150 FourStroke's acceleration which plays well into the watersports crossover. We reached planing speed in only 2.9 seconds, accelerated to 20 mph in 5.3 seconds, passed 30 mph within 7.2 seconds, and continued accelerating through 40 mph in 9.3 seconds. These are impressive times, the kind that we often get on PWCs. The 150 also provided impressive mid-range acceleration. From our 30 mph cruise, throwing the throttle forward had us quickly outpacing the camera boat.
Adding power to the 150 4-stroke only caused the bow of our test boat to come up 8.5-degrees upon acceleration. And we settled into a 3-degree bow-high cruise attitude which is appropriate for this size and type of boat.
The test boat was rigged with Sea Star hydraulic steering system that was offered as an option and it really made a difference with effortless handling. We noticed no torque effect during acceleration and certainly not during any of the straight runs at wide open throttle. Even with this light boat, the engine's 450 lb. (204 kg) gross weight was barely noticeable. Maneuverability comes from its 120-degree turn radius.
At the end of the day when its time to haul the boat, the single stage trim assembly will trim the 150 completely out of the water in 13.5 seconds.
Performance Factors. When we look over the Mercury published data on their own engines we see that bottom shape, prop selection, and max rpm have a lot to do with performance, in addition to weight and beam. With so many tests we can't report on them all, but what we can do is analyze them, throw out seeming anomalies or those tested in extreme weather conditions and zero-in on some generalities for several classes of boats.
Center Consoles. Center consoles designed for bay and flats fishing and near coastal work typically need only a single 150-hp engine. The boats in this class that Mercury tested ranged in length from 18' to 22' (5.48 m to 6.70 m) and weighed from 1,700 lbs. to 3,000 lbs. (772 kgs. to 1,363 kgs.). That is quite a range, and one might expect a sharp dichotomy in performance, but here bottom shape and even bottom paint seemed to be equally important factors.
Multi-Species Boats. Typically these boats are aluminum and lightweight. The boats we checked were from 17' to 20' and weighed from 1,333 lbs. to 1,900 lbs. We threw out the top and bottom boats and just examined the rest.
WOT. Wide open throttle speeds ranged from 42 mph to 51 mph with most boats in the 48 to 50-mph range, even the heaviest ones.
Best Cruise were all scored at 3000 rpm with speeds ranging from 16.7 mph to 23.0 mph with most clumped from 19.7 to 23 mph. The fastest boat's best cruise was recorded at 3500 rpm and 27.6 mph. All of the boats could travel in the high 20s with just a small penalty in fuel consumption.
0-to-20. Mercury techs do not record 0-to-plane times, preferring instead to measure 0-to-20 and 0-to-30 times. All the times for 0-to-20 fell within 3.8 seconds to 4.7 seconds, with most being from 4.2 to 4.4 seconds. Our best guess is that 0-to-plane times would be from .5 to 1.0 seconds less.
Pontoon Boats. Mercury has clearly targeted the 150 FourStroke for the pontoon boat market. Again we threw out the top and bottom numbers to get a better idea of how the boats performed with a 150 Mercury as a class.
WOT. All but one of the boats we checked were triple-toons. Top speed ranged from 31.8 to 42.8 mph. Yes, the 31.8 speed was turned in by a twin-toon boat, which we think is remarkable.
Best Cruise. Here, all best cruise speeds were all slightly above the mid-teens at 3000 rpm, except one boat. Her best cruise was at 3500 rpm and she went 22.3 mph. At from 4000 to 5000 rpm all of the boats traveled in the 22 to 29 mph range, depending on how much power was applied.
0-to-20. All times were in the low 4 second range except one hopped-up toon that hit 20 mph in 3.1 seconds, according to the Mercury techs.
Sportboats. Outboard engines are having a resurgence in sportboats after being virtually shut out of this category for the last 30 years, victim of the 3.0 L sterndrive engine. Typically the sportboats tested by Mercury had displacements from 1800 to 3000 lbs. (818 to 1,363 kgs.). Beams were generally 8'6".
WOT. Top speed ranged from 35.3 mph to 51.7 mph with most from 43 to 45 mph.
Best cruise ranged from 22 mph to 25 mph, with the lightest boats doing the best.
0-to-20. Here, times were between 3.9 and 4.5 seconds and again we figure that these are about .5 to 1.0 seconds slower than the time-to-plane.
The standard stated limited warranty period for the Mercury 150 engine is three years. Further, there is an explicit additional corrosion warranty for three years as well.
Anyone who has seen the dueling outboard "incentive" ads knows that from time to time the engine companies have extended warranty programs. Mercury Marine does this, too. However, there is a difference between Mercury's special extended warranty programs and those of most other manufacturers.
Additional Years? Mercury backs the warranty itself for the additional years, usually five, and does not buy what is known as a "service contract" from a third party insurance company. The boating industry's experience with extended service insurance contractors has been mixed, at best. We like "factory-backed" warranties because it is less likely to have finger-pointing, bureaucratic claim slippage, and unfulfilled promises.
The Mercury 150 4-stroke has been out in the field for a number of years in both freshwater and saltwater locations. We have gotten only positive feedback and we think this is probably one of Mercury's best outboard products. In a recent statement the company said that the 150 4-stroke is "…the smallest, lightest, most durable, easiest to maintain, most versatile 150 4-stroke in the industry…" and while we'd expect a statement like that from the proud parent, in fact we have no reason to think it is not true.
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Clawfoot Tubs
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text:
Pondicherry to Hubli
Pondicherry to Hubli Cheap Flights Fare
|Pondicherry Hubli Cheap Flights
|Fare INR
|Date of journey
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|Todays Lowest Fare
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|Cheapest Fare within 30 days
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|Lowest Fare to Travel
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* Fares shown are indicative and subject to change until ticketed. Prices are guaranteed only at the time of purchase.
About Hubli
About the city:
Hubli, the historic city of Karnataka, stores some great fascinations for its travelers. Flight tickets to the city are available at cheap rates; so what are you waiting for? Head to this amazing city for a unique experience.
Hubli has some great sites to explore. Seek blessings at the famous Bhavanishankar Temple and relax in the serene surroundings of Unkal Lake. You can enjoy the picturesque sunrise and sunset at the lake or engage in numerous recreational facilities available at the site. Siddharoodha Math is another beautiful place that you must visit. You can also have fun exploring other sites like Nrupatunga Betta, the glass house, etc. So, plan a trip to this wonderful city now and enjoy exploring its beautiful destinations. Visit www.makemytrip.com to get all the flight information and easy booking facility.
Best time to fly
Plan your trip to Hubli in winter months i.e., from October to February, to make the best of your tour. The weather during these months is pleasant with tolerable temperatures, making it easier for you to explore the amazing city. You can opt for sightseeing tours or indulge in various adventure activities. It is in the month of November that the famous festival, Dharwad Utsav is celebrated. Enjoy the festivities and get an insight into the culture of the place. The city is well connected to other major cities of the country. There are cheap air travel options available that provide a quick and comfortable journey to the city.
Major airlines flying to Hubli
Hubli Airport is the main airport that serves Hubli as well as Dharwad. It is a domestic airport and almost all major airlines have flights connecting Hubli to other cities of the country. Some of the major airlines providing their services are IndiGo, SpiceJet, AirIndia and Alliance Air. The city has some of the best hotels like Hotel Naveen Lakeside, Kyriad Prestige by Citrus Hubli and the President where you can plan your stay.
Airport Address
Airport Authority of India
Hubli Airport
Gokul Road, Gandhi Nagar, Hubballi
Telephone Number: +91836 2237921
Email Address: firstname.lastname@example.com
Hubli Airport
Timezone: GMT +05.30 hours
About Pondicherry
About the city: Flying to Pondicherry? What is not to love about this mellow city? Puducherry or formerly known as Pondicherry is a union territory of India. Some areas of Puducherry are bound by the state of Tamil Nadu. This city looks peaceful and has a magnificent charm. Flight booking to Puducherry has several offers and discounts for the passengers. The city allows visitors to experience a blend of spirituality and rich traditions, which makes Puducherry a must visit destination. With cheap airfares to and from Puducherry, one can explore French colonial heritage throughout the city. Apart from the influence of French colonial culture, Puducherry also has many spiritual community centres such as the Aurobindo Ashram and Auroville where you can choose to stay. The Pondicherry Airport at Lawspet has direct connecting flights to many Indian cities.
Best Time To Fly Puducherry
Which is the best time to fly to Puducherry? The best time to visitPuducherry is during winters that start from October and end in March. During this time, Puducherry has a relatively cool climate for sightseeing. The city experiences the hottest climate from March to June one can avoid the huge crowd and can also relax on the beaches. The monsoon season in Pondicherry starts from July and ends in September. In August,Shri Aurobindo's birthday is celebrated every year which makes it a great time to visit the city. You can book cheap air tickets and get updates on all domestic flights to and from Puducherry online at www.makemytrip.com.
Major Airlines flying to Puducherry
Pondicherry is now known as Puducherry (PNY).Puducherry airport has connectivity to many domestic airports. For reaching Pudducherry via air travel you can choose from airlines such asSpiceJet, Air India, Jet Airways, Kingfisher Airlines, Jet Konnect, Air India Express, GoAir, Indian Airlines and IndiGo. Someof the nearest airports to Puducherry areMysore airport, Kochi airport,Salem airport, Peelamedu Airport and Madurai Airport. The domestic airlines connect Puducherry to various cities like Visakhapatnam, Jaipur, New Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Varanasi, Trivandrum, Ahmedabad,Tirupati and many more. Le Dupleix, The Sunway Manor, Le Royal Park and Le Pondy are some of the best hotels in Puducherry..
Airport address
Pondicherry (PNY), Auroville
Tamil Nadu, India
Phone Number: 0413 225 3178
Airport Address
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text:
|2006-10-06, 13:58
|Link #1
Just call me Ojisan
Join Date: Jan 2003
Location: U.K. Hampshire
Death Note - Requests for new threads
Since the Death Note forum is now limited (only Mods and Admin can create new threads), this thread serves as a way to request a new thread to be created.
Please post here if you wish to request a new Death Note thread. Please bear in mind that we will only accept reasonable requests, we wish to maintain the focus within the forum and cut down on the noise (so no pointless threads cluttering up the place).
Don't forget that you may still post in existing threads as usual, the only restriction is that you may not create new threads within this particular forum.
|2006-10-19, 15:33
|Link #7
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: event horizon
However, most likely, the Mods won't allow such a poll because :
|2006-10-19, 16:13
|Link #8
Just call me Ojisan
Join Date: Jan 2003
Location: U.K. Hampshire
|2006-10-20, 15:30
|Link #9
Junior Member
Join Date: Mar 2003
Location: Germany
Age: 37
I only watched the anime so far (ep. 3) and thought about an interesting aspect: Since you can write down times, you can write dates as well, right? why doesnt Light write his own name and let the death be on his 111th birthday cause of sugar-shock or something? then the shinigami-eye-trade-thingy wouldnt be a thread anymore, right? or if the timespan would be halfed just say 200th birthday... even then he has enough time to live. and he can be assured, that he wont get the death-sentence, since he allready knows how he dies. any failures in this thought? discuss!
(can you guys please make my own thread with this? thx)
|2006-10-20, 23:34
|Link #10
The Terror of Death
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: Land of igloos
|2006-10-20, 23:50
|Link #11
Weapon of Mass Discussion
Join Date: Feb 2003
Location: New York, USA
Actually, merely understanding the nature of the shinigami eyes proves that it isn't possible. I haven't seen episode 3 yet and I don't remember how much is told how quickly, so in case something about the shinigami's eyes wasn't revealed in episode 3, I'm putting the reason in a spoiler tag:
And anyway, there really isn't enough to discuss about it, to be worth an entire thread of discussion.
|2006-10-21, 00:11
|Link #12
The Terror of Death
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: Land of igloos
|2006-10-30, 23:16
|Link #14
Weapon of Mass Discussion
Join Date: Feb 2003
Location: New York, USA
Actually I've been thinking about the need for a thread like this. I'll go ahead and create that thread already. I'm just a little worried about the possibility of this thread bursting into flame.
|2006-11-03, 22:56
|Link #15
Senior Member
Join Date: Jun 2006
Yo NoSanninWa, thx for making such a post ^^. u see even in episode thread or manga thread. People are talking about moral issue, so such a thread is a "neeD".
Just a suggestion, I want a thread discuss about the author
小畑健 - who draw the manga
大場鶇- Also a manga and also he is the original author who create this Death note's story, but no one know his real "identity" Which I found quite interesting. L was a character which base on himself. And many rumors...
|2006-11-13, 10:08
|Link #16
Death Note Fanatic
I saw this on another forum, but it called for a lot of interesting convo.
The thread was a debating the philosophies of both Light and L, about whether or not criminals should be killed? Who's philosphy was right?
It's another morals thread, but I think that it might bring up a good debate among the posters.
|2006-11-13, 10:21
|Link #17
Just call me Ojisan
Join Date: Jan 2003
Location: U.K. Hampshire
|2006-11-14, 00:43
|Link #18
Death Note Fanatic
Just thought I suggest a thread.
|2006-11-15, 11:09
|Link #19
Beautiful fighter.
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: England, UK
Age: 32
Is it alright to have a thread for manga readers to talk about the anime.. as in future plot, and next episode talk? It could be labeled with a huge spoiler if you want. If its not allowed - then i understand.
|2006-11-15, 11:28
|Link #20
Just call me Ojisan
Join Date: Jan 2003
Location: U.K. Hampshire
If you are not familiar with this, we have two threads in the Kanon forum
Kanon - Spoilers & Speculation (for experienced Kanonites only)I take it you are asking for a Death Note Spoilers & Speculation thread for those who have read the manga and want to discuss how the anime may or may not follow the manga along with personal theories and such like. Clearly not for the anime-only viewers since it would contain unmarked spoilers.
And if required, we could have a separate Death Note Speculation & Theories thread for the anime-only viewers where no spoilers are allowed.
|Thread Tools


text:
FileMaker Developer Conference explores design, development and business innovation with the FileMaker Platform
Over 80 expert-led sessions detail how to build powerful, custom solutions for iPad, iPhone, Windows, Mac and the web
SANTA CLARA, Calif. – March 12, 2013 – FileMaker, Inc. today announced schedule highlights for the FileMaker Developer Conference 2013, the largest annual gathering of worldwide FileMaker independent and corporate database developers, trainers and users. "Platform for Innovation" is the theme of the 18th annual conference, which features two new tracks and will be at the Hilton San Diego Bayfront hotel in San Diego, Calif., August 12-15.
Attendees will see live demonstrations by FileMaker staff and exhibitors and learn the ins and outs of creating custom solutions using the FileMaker Platform. In addition to increasing their technical expertise, developers can network, get ideas, and exchange tips with over 1,200 FileMaker enthusiasts, from more than 36 countries during the four-day event.
Developers can set their own agendas to focus on their most pressing interests and needs. Concurrent tracks include:
- New Design Track (11 sessions): Discover the business benefits of great design and learn how to create eye-catching and effective design patterns and navigation.
- New Business Track (9 sessions): Learn how to create a professional development plan, grow FileMaker within your organization, expand your business and more.
- FileMaker Go Track (8 sessions): See firsthand how to architect and deploy FileMaker solutions for iPad and iPhone, and set up synchronization between iOS and desktop databases.
- Core Track (9 sessions): Learn basics such as data modeling, workflow management and Microsoft SQL integration.
- Develop Track (16 sessions): Gain insights into software development approaches, writing modular and reusable code and using advanced charting and reporting techniques.
- Integration/Web Track (7 sessions): Take a deep dive into the FileMaker Platform and HTML, PHP and web services.
- FileMaker Training Series Track(10 sessions): Take courses offered on the official FileMaker training curriculum, taught by FileMaker Authorized Trainers. Note: requires Gold Registration Package registration.
An important focus for this year is the Track dedicated to the FileMaker Go for iPad and iPhone. The Track includes: The Paperless Form: Data Collection with FileMaker Go Solutions; Architecting for FileMaker Go, From Idea to iPad…in Under an Hour; FileMaker Go Primer; FileMaker Go Year in Review; Buyers Guide: Synchronization Tools; Deploy and Manage your Custom Business Solutions for iOS Devices; FileMaker Go for Industry; and Go Crazy!
Additional highlights of FileMaker Developer Conference 2013 include a "Visionary Bar," much like an Apple Store Genius Bar, where FileMaker users and developers can get objective, ad hoc help on the spot on all things FileMaker.
View the complete conference schedule to tailor a perfect experience and attain technical development and business acumen at FileMaker Developer Conference 2013.
Conference attendees will save up to US$300 off the full conference registration price, paying only $1,295, by taking advantage of the "early bird" discount, available now through June 18, 2013. Also available is the Gold Registration package for $1,895, which in addition to the standard conference sessions includes pre-conference sessions and the FileMaker Training Series courses. Paid attendees will receive a free not-for-resell copy of FileMaker Pro Advanced -- a $499 value
Conference attendees are also strongly urged to make hotel reservations before discounted rooms sell out. Call the Hilton San Diego Bayfront today at 619-564-333 or toll free @ 800-445-8667 or reserve your room online.
About FileMaker, Inc.
FileMaker is the leader in easy-to-use database software. Millions of people, from individuals to some of the world's largest companies, rely on FileMaker software to manage, analyze and share essential information. The company's products are the FileMaker line – versatile database software for teams and organizations, for Windows, Mac, iPhone, iPad and the web – and Bento, the personal database for Mac, iPhone and iPad. FileMaker, Inc. is a subsidiary of Apple.
Customer contact:
Copyright © 2013 FileMaker, Inc. All rights reserved. FileMaker and Bento are trademarks of FileMaker, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Conference sessions and tracks are subject to change by FileMaker at its discretion.


text:
Everyone deserves their moment in the Sun and this track is the perfect backing for your time to shine. An uplifting, positive track ideal for corporate videos, presentations or any video project.
The download includes the full version, an edited version with intro and chorus doubled (long edit) and a version with intro and chorus once (short edit). The two edited versions have a more abrupt finish than the main track.
- Time to Shine – 2:55
- Time to Shine (long edit) – 1:33 (starts at 2:55 in preview)
- Time to Shine (short edit) – 0:58 (starts at 4:29 in preview)
All versions available in high quality WAV and MP3 formats


text:
Public History conference 2008
A major conference on public history, held 10-12 April in Liverpool.
Registration is now open for the conference 'PUBLIC HISTORY', organised by the Institute of Historical Research, University of London; University of Liverpool; and National Museums Liverpool. This is the annual winter conference of the IHR, 2008.
Conference website: www.liv.ac.uk/history/public-history∞
This major international conference develops debates 'on the uses of history for public purposes and the involvement of the public in the study and consumption of history' that began with conferences at the IHR in February 2006 and Swansea University in 2007. It offers a meeting ground for those in the higher education, museums, heritage, and commercial sectors, and members of the public.
Early registration recommended. Registration fee for the whole 3-day event is only £80. Liverpool in April 2008 will be an extremely popular destination. We urge delegates to make accommodation arrangements as soon as possible. Suggestions on website.
To register for the conference, please download the registration form∞ (RTF). You can also register by contacting Samantha Jordan∞ by email of telephone 020 78628756.
Some 50 speakers from seven countries in three continents will explore the nature of the relationship between academic history, museums, the heritage sector, and popular culture; current issues in the investigation, preservation, and presentation of historic environments and museum collections; and the challenges that public history and 'knowledge transfer' pose for the professional practice of scholars, their scholarly values and ethics.
In core strands, speakers from three continents will explore:
- The Professional Practice of Public History in North America and the UK
- Museums and Identity: City and Minority Museums
- How do we Remember Slavery? International Museums and Sites of Public History
- Public History in Theory and Practice: Art, Archeology, Film, Sport
Keynote addresses
- Sandy Nairne, Director, National Portrait Gallery, London
- Rt. Hon. Frank Field, MP
Other key speakers include:
Public History Professors
- Rebecca Conard, Middle Tennessee State University
- David Dean, Carleton University, Canada
- Dr Thomas Thurston, Yale University
- Prof Helen Weinstein, University of York
Museum Directors
- Kevin Fewster, National Maritime Museum, London
- Dr Christoph Grunenberg, Tate Liverpool
- Wayne Modest, Institute of Jamaica
- Lonnie Bunch, National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution, Washington
Other Speakers
- Don Henson, Council for British Archaeology
- Dr W Richard West, National Museum of the American Indian
- Profs Jonathan Harris, Richard Kronenburg, and WR Lee, University of Liverpool
- Prof Sam Davies, LJMU
- and many more!
We plan to disseminate the conference papers and discussions via:
- a book of selected conference proceedings
- audio files of selected papers published on the IHR website
Please circulate this information as appropriate.
| CBA, St Mary's House, 66 Bootham, York YO30 7BZ.
tel: +(44) (0)1904 671417 | fax: +(44) (0)1904 671384 | email:


text:
TAUNTON — As policymakers work to expand access to early education in Massachusetts, a recent study predicts universal pre-kindergarten could cost up to $1.5 billion.
"When it comes to costs, the $1.5 billion projection for public school early education could be exaggerated, considering, for example, that Massachusetts already has pilot programs that are taking a look at the costs and benefits of public early education," said state Sen. Marc Pacheco, D-Taunton. "The costs of universal pre-K through public schools certainly are a concern from a practical point of view, but the benefits, I believe, far outweigh the costs."
He said an expansion would prompt economic gains "both immediate and longer-term."
As the state tries to formulate a funding strategy, Taunton's school administrators are considering several steps aimed at improving options for its youngest students.
"Having appropriate facilities to expand our program is the number one challenge for us," said Taunton Schools Superintendent Julie Hackett. "Our long range plan includes the possible expansion of pre-k at the Leddy School site with a second story addition. We are also exploring other options that could allow for expansion in some of our existing sites."
Only about one-third of 3- and 4-year-olds statewide receive public support to help fund their early education, according to the study, which the Massachusetts Budget and Policy Center released in April.
"Early childhood education is the most promising educational reform that exists," Hackett said. "It gives children the head start they need to be successful in school, and it provides the added benefit of an extra year of quality child care for working families who struggle to make ends meet."
The study examines three main options for expanding access.
"The more education we can offer children, the better," said state Rep. Shaunna O'Connell, R-Taunton. "Having said that, I think we need to ensure that full-day kindergarten is provided statewide first and work for smaller classroom sizes. Revenues have been over benchmark the past year and lottery revenue is at a peak. Our priority should be to send more local and school aid money back to cities and towns. We also need to continue to find savings. I have been an outspoken proponent of uncovering fraud and mismanagement in state spending in agencies such as the MBTA and in public assistance programs."
The most expensive state funding route would be expanding the public school system to include full-day pre-kindergarten for the 105,500 Massachusetts children who currently receive no public assistance. That would cost an estimated $1.5 billion, according to the study.
"I think there are pluses and minuses to each of the options," Massachusetts Budget and Policy Center director Noah Berger said. "There is a question of whether this should be about expanding access to lower-income kids or universal access."
Another option presented in the report would call for the state to invest $153 million to double the subsidies available for private pre-school. That option would operate on a sliding scale for families earning less than 400 percent of the federal poverty level. Families would contribute a combined $288 million under that plan. Families living above the 400-percent threshold would not receive subsidies.
A third option would be a hybrid model to better integrate public and private pre-kindergarten programs.
"I support universal pre-kindergarten, but I also understand the financial challenges for the state," Hackett said. "If state funding doesn't exist to support universal pre-kindergarten, then a hybrid approach with public/private resources makes sense."
The study did not provide a projected cost for that model.
Pacheco touted the benefits of a universal program for children. He referenced sections of the report that state, "participation in early education and care helps lay a foundation for success in school and in life. Many children who participate in early education and care have better academic outcomes later in their K-12 careers. They also have improved social outcomes, participating in the workforce at higher rates, earning more, and accessing other public benefits at lower rates."
He also noted that parents could directly benefit, citing this section of the report:
"Early education and care makes it easier for parents to work, giving them the support they need to seek and keep jobs, to improve their economic circumstances, and to provide for their families. This kind of support has become even more important since welfare reforms of the mid-1990s, which encouraged welfare recipients to join the workforce."
Tom Weber, commissioner of the state Department of Early Education and Care, said his favored approach is to expand upon a hybrid system of public, private and nonprofit providers.
"We already have existing capacity within that system," Weber said. "You'd be leveraging a system already in place."
He said he'd like to see expansion within all areas of that system, including public education.
"For economic reasons and practical reasons, it's advantageous to build off a mixed delivery system," he said.
The House Ways and Means budget, which was introduced April 9, calls for a $7.5 million increase in early education, which House leaders say will provide 1,250 new child care seats. Gov. Deval Patrick in January proposed spending roughly twice that amount, which he said would open an additional 1,700 seats.
Massachusetts currently has a waiting list of approximately 25,000 for financial assistance for early education and child care.
Early education, Weber said, provides a strong foundation to help children achieve at high levels throughout life.
"It has to be seen within the context of the enormous value we derive from making investments in public education," he said.
State Rep. Alice Peisch, D-Wellesley, the House chair of the Joint Committee of Education, agreed that Massachusetts should work to increase early education access and quality.
"The Mass Budget and Policy Center's report on early education was informative," she said. "It is clear that Massachusetts has work to do in the field of early education and care and this report can help guide us. Early education and care is the foundation of our children's success and we must find a way to not only open up access, but increase quality as well."
Berger said he hopes the report will help shape policy discussions.
"I think both policymakers and advocators who care about these issues can benefit from a report that lays out what the current circumstances are and provides some options or pathways to expand access, as well as lay out some evidence of value," Berger said. "The evidence out there is pretty strong that access to early education and care makes a difference in kids' ability to do well in school."
Pacheco said the challenges facing an expansion are familiar.
"We must always think carefully about how to phase in the costs of any system, to consider where the most challenges exist and then try to resolve those problems in the fairest way possible," Pacheco said. "Obviously, funding for solutions such as universal pre-kindergarten are a question of budget priorities every year. I think it is important to have a public education system available that encompasses pre-kindergarten through higher education because education not only decides the future of our economy, but it is the mainstay in our society that provides opportunity for all people."
Pacheco argues that the report was unable to account for some tangible benefits.
"The short-term and long-term economic benefits Mass Budget and Policy Center cites here do not even include the cost avoidances the Commonwealth could enjoy relative to prison spending, as increased pre-K educational spending would help get more children off to a healthy, productive start in life; children who have access to a solid educational foundation have a better chance of succeeding in our society," Pacheco explained.
For local educators, the goal is to expand the learning experience to as many students as possible, as early as possible.
"Taunton Public Schools have typically offered a variety of programs to meet student needs, and some children attend our pre-k program for as few as two days a week," Hackett said. "This is not ideal, and we would see the greatest gains if we could get pre-k students in full day programs five days a week."
— Gerry Tuoti is the Regional Newsbank Editor for GateHouse Media New England. Email him at email@example.com or call him at 508-967-3137. Rory Schuler is the Taunton Daily Gazette's executive city editor.