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Worries That Child Anti-Spam Laws Harm Everyone But The Spammers
from the legal-pointlessness dept
Utah and Michigan made a big stink last month by putting in place laws that would create "do not spam" registries for children. Parents could sign up their kids' email, instant messenger addresses and mobile phone numbers -- and anyone caught spamming them would face potential charges. It's not hard to see why this is likely to backfire, and already the press is noticing that this is unlikely to make any spammers really care very much, as they're probably breaking the law already, and usually are pretty confident they won't be caught. However, it is supposedly making a number of businesses reconsider if they want to make use of legitimate email campaigns to any customers in those states. The article doesn't present that much evidence that this is really happening, other than quoting one marketing firm that says it's advising its clients to drop campaigns in those states. However, it does make you wonder how effective these laws can be, and if they have other unintended consequences that could be much worse for the states.


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HILLSDALE � Hillsdale resident Patty Blair has a love for Colorado Blue Spruce trees, a love which caused her to plant 12 of them in her yard some 10 years ago. With the help of her late husband Denver Blair Sr., Patty nurtured the trees from saplings, planting them on the north side of their property. Patty said Denver wasn�t much for planting trees. �He only did it when I wanted him to. I had to put them somewhere, where he wouldn�t mow over them," Blair�said, recalling a time when she planted two saplings in the backyard that Denver mowed over one year. Today, the saplings the Blairs planted stand nearly 10 feet tall � and one of them is glaringly absent.
To Blair�s dismay, someone cut down one of her Colorado Blue Spruce trees from the side yard of her house, which sits along North Lake Wilson Road. She said she realized the tree was missing after going to the mailbox earlier this week. �I thought it might of just fallen over with the soft ground,� Blair said. That wasn�t the case, though. Someone had cut the tree off a foot from the ground with a chainsaw. Blair believes someone cut the tree down after dark and dragged it back to their car, which she assumes was�parked along Developmental Road. Branches from the tree still�lie along that path. Blair�said there is nothing to stop people from cutting the trees, but she never thought someone would come into her yard to cut one. �I sure hope they don�t come and cut anymore of them,� Blair said. She estimated a Blue Spruce the size of the one taken from her property would cost around $300. After reporting the tree stolen,�Blair learned there was nothing she could do to recoup the cost. She wasn�t looking for any retribution, she said � she just wanted to make people aware that it had happened. The tree has more of a sentimental value to her than monetary.� Blair said she may make a wreath out of the remaining branches from the tree.
10-foot tree taken from yard

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Welcome to 21st Century Hearing - buy hearing aids.
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text:
Production of the Mustang began in Dearborn, Michigan on March 9, 1964 and the automobile was presented to the public on April 17, 1964 at the New York World's Fair. It is Ford's 3rd earliest nameplate currently in production. Initial sales forecasts projected less than 100,000 devices for the first year. This mark was surpassed in 3 months from rollout. Another 318,000 would be sold throughout the model year (a record), and in its first eighteen months, more than one million Mustangs were built.
Buy Classic Ford Mustangs
All these were VIN-identified as 1965 models, however numerous modifications were made at the traditional opening of the brand-new model year (beginning August 1964), including the addition of back-up lights on some models, the intro of generators to replace generators, and an upgrade of the V8 engine from 260 cu in to 289 cu in. In the case of at least some six-cylinder Mustangs fitted with the 101 hp 170 cu in Falcon engine, the rush into production consisted of some unusual peculiarities, such as a horn ring bearing the 'Ford Falcon' logo underneath a trim ring emblazoned with 'Ford Mustang.' These characteristics made adequate difference to call for designation of the 121,538 earlier ones as "1964 1/2" model-year Mustangs, a distinction that has withstood with perfectionists. Mustangs For Sale in Penn Valley CA are easy to find now with online shopping.
The 1973 OPEC oil embargo brought with it more rigid contamination laws and the desire for fuel-efficiency. This was also the very first time in automotive history that the Big 3 were having to take on imports. The brand-new Mustang II was smaller than the very first version however, due to the extra devices required to satisfy brand-new US emission and safety policies, was heavier than the very first model. Efficiency was reduced and in the very first year only 385,993 cars were sold.
Second generation Mustangs for sale in Penn Valley CA were offered in between 1974 and 1978 and offered in a coupe and hatchback variation. 1979 the Mustang was redesigned a 3rd time. This time it was based upon the larger Fox platform and the interior was truly huge enough for 4 people. The trunk was bigger and so was the engine bay. The body styles offered consisted of a coupe, hatchback and in 1983 a convertible. In 1979 the Third generation Mustang served as an Indianapolis 500 speed car and Ford built 10,478 commemorative reproductions. The 3rd generation Mustangs were produced from 1979 to 1982.


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Immigration Records in Hispanic Research
This article originally appeared in "Hispanic Research" by George R. Ryskamp, JD, AG in The Source: A Guidebook to American Genealogy
The best records for identifying the place of origin of the immigrant ancestor, aside from naturalization and citizenship records, are passenger lists. (For a discussion of these, see They Became Americans by Loretto Dennis Szucs.)<ref>Loretto Dennis Szucs, They Became Americans (Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1998).</ref> A passenger list is a list of individuals who arrived at or left a port on a ship, generally created by the ship's captain and submitted to the port authorities upon arrival or before sailing. Such lists usually contain at least the name of the head of the family and the number of individuals in the family, but some list all passengers individually, the port of embarkation in Europe, or the destination, and their places of origin. Obviously, if the last is given, a good part of the work of identifying the place of origin is complete. If, for arrival lists, only the port of embarkation is given, it may then be necessary to check records in the place of embarkation, such as port records (where available) or municipal census records for the port city, as the family may have lived there for a period of time before their voyage.
Few passenger lists created before 1820 exist in the United States. However, extensive post-1820 passenger and shipping records have been preserved. Most of these are now on file at the National Archives in Washington, D.C. Those for the ports of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New Orleans, for the period 1819 to 1976, are available on microfilm through the LDS Church's Family History Library. Other ports of particular interest for Hispanics are those in Florida, Texas, and California. Chapter 2 of the Guide to Genealogical Research in the National Archives contains an excellent discussion of U.S. passenger lists and their availability on a port-by-port basis.<ref>Guide to Genealogical Research in the National Archives (Washington, D.C.: National Archives Trust Fund Board, 1983).</ref> Index of Spanish Citizens Entering the Port of New Orleans Between January, 1840 and December, 1865, and its companion volume, which covers the period 1819 to 1839, provide an index of all persons with Spanish surnames who passed through the port of New Orleans during this period.<ref>Index of Spanish Citizens Entering the Port of New Orleans Between January, 1840 and December, 1865 (New Orleans: Charles Mudrell, n.d.).</ref> Unfortunately, only those from after 1893 give the place of origin. Many of those lists are now available online.
Since the border between the United States and Mexico was open until the early part of the twentieth century, with few customs restrictions, few records are available for Mexican border immigration into the southwestern United States during that period. For the period from 1893 to 1953, individual border crossing records created by the Immigration and Naturalization Service are available on microfilm from the National Archives. These are for non-U.S. citizens who were granted legal border-crossing privileges along Mexico's border from California to Texas. For further information, go to http://www.archives.gov/genealogy/immigration/border-mexico.html.


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Contador calm over licence dispute
Moscow - Two-time Tour de France winner Alberto Contador is staying calm over a licence dispute that threatens to rule him out of cycling's biggest race next year.
Contador's Team Saxo-Tinkoff is vying for the sole remaining 2013 UCI ProTour licence with Argos-Shimano, which is ranked higher than Contador's team on recent results.
A UCI panel will decide which team receives the licence, which is needed to gain entry to the three Grand Tours – the Tour de France, Giro d'Italia and Vuelta a Espana – without having to receive a sought-after wildcard.
"I'm absolutely not worried about this," Contador said of the lack of a licence.
"Regarding which Grand Tours I will compete in, I still need to discuss this with the team management. Maybe they'll want me to go to all three."
Team sponsor Oleg Tinkov criticised the licensing system, where riders' performances are considered alongside financial factors amid fierce competition for places at the biggest races.
"Alberto Contador is a superstar, the best racer in the world, and I can't even remember the names of whoever Argos-Shimano have in their squad," he said.
"It's absolutely, obviously, a crazy situation. Personally, it's difficult for me to imagine a situation where we don't receive a licence."
Contador, 29, was handed a doping ban in February as a result of testing positive for the banned substance clenbuterol on the way to his 2010 Tour de France win, of which he was later stripped.
Contador retained his 2007 and 2009 Tour titles, as well as his 2008 Giro d'Italia win and his 2008 and 2012 wins in the Vuelta a Espana.


text:
Shoes.com Insider on Ros Hommerson Shoes
Ros Hommerson shoes are the original triple threat; they embody and perfect the elements of style, quality, and fit. Every pair of Ros Hommerson shoes is designed with you, the consumer, in mind, and is intended to recognize and complement the unique curves and dimensions of your feet that contribute to you as an individual. Though Ros Hommerson footwear components may vary to accommodate form, function, and styling, the comfort/fit formula for Ros Hommerson shoes remains the same.
Ros Hommerson shoes are made to fit the natural contours of your feet; including the use of combination lasts to enable a heel width that is slightly narrow than the front width. The result: heels, flats, boots, sandals and more that more closely match the shape of your feet. Accustomed to heel slipping and choosing between style and a healthy, comfortable fit? Step into a pair of Ros Hommerson shoes and you'll likely find there's no need to compromise. Style, quality, and a comfortable fit can be found in every pair.


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Oct 22, 2009
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – For the third time this season, senior running back DeRon Brown earned a spot on the New England Football Conference (NEFC) Honor Roll. He recorded his fourth straight 100-yard rushing performance and fifth of the season, this time amassing 185 yards. Brown recorded a pair of touchdowns, a 71-yard sprint which was followed by a one-yard plunge.


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Thanks a lot for your bandwidth meter. Works great.It\'s getting harder and harder to get anything for my OX 10 10.3.9. I\'ll guess I\'ll have to bite the bullet and get a new computer.Thanks again.Digby Sarkassian.
When executing Shaplus Bandwidth meter; it returns Error:Overflow Runtime error 6. Under windows 7 OS.What is the solution??Uninstalling cleanly; and again reinstalling, did not solve the issue.
Sir it is giving error. error 6 run over error
it\'s showing run time error 6
nice stuff...it\'s user friendly...maybe it will better if you put some profile management, so anyone who have more than 1 internet access can use the bandwidht meter without reset the counter...
Excelent I like the Bandwith meter, over the last few days we have been able to see on how quickly the mb add by doing basic stuff, like checking emails on so on.Thanks
Multiple interface meter It seens to be the same software "Bandwidth Meter Pro". And it measures the bandwidth for each interface, or all as one unique interface, as you wish. However, you need to select each interface you need to measure, being undesirable when you have virtual interfaces being added or removed from your system at any time. Other poor feature is to configure each rates you need to measure in backgroup, if you forget to do it, you don't have the information from the past.
I installed on Windows 7 RC: very easy to setup, and it works just as promised. I run a home server, and Bandwidth Meter helps me monitor visitor traffic. Will be buying full version as soon as I rebuild PC with final Win 7 release.
My review for bandwidht meter pro. It's excellent.The best bandwidth meter I have ever used!
Taskbar Icon Insufficient The taskbar Icon should be animated in the way Online Eye pro is.., so you could see the activity from the taskbar (The scale is visible in real time).Right now the bandwidth meter pro taskbar icon shows the network activity only. I found this very inconvenient to have to access the program each time to have any idea of my bw activity.Add this future and I would recommend the tool to anyone I know + I would purchase it with no doubt.
Audio & Multimedia
Games & Entertainment
Graphic Apps
Home & Hobby
Network & Internet
Security & Privacy
System Utilities
Web Development
Bandwith Meter
Bandwidth Per Connection
Monitor For Vista
Best Bandwidth Meter
Bandwidth Per Host
Taskbar Bandwidth Meter
Graphical Bandwidth Meter
Error 6 Overflow
Graphical Bandwidth Monitor
Graphical Bandwidth
Meter For Windows
Server Bandwidth Monitor "per Connection"


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As many as 8% of children wet the bed after they have been potty trained. This is a common problem with children from six to eight years old, and it continues for some up until they are around 11. It is more common in boys and in families in which one or both parents wet the bed as a child.
Bedwetting is not your child's fault. It is often caused because children child have a small bladder capacity, cannot tell when their bladder is full at night, or during stressful situations. It is classified as Primary, children who have never had dry nights, or Secondary, children who had previously been dry for 3-6 months.
What can you to do help your child until he grows out of this problem?
1. Let your child know that this is perfectly normal and that it happens to many kids his age. Let him know that it definitely isn't his fault and do not ever punish or blame your child for wetting the bed. Do not let anyone tease him about the problem.
2. Make sure your child uses the toilet immediately before going to bed.
3. Restrict any large amount of fluids, whenever possible, two hours before bedtime.
4. Take your child to the toilet before you go to bed and see if this is helpful.
5. Use a plastic mattress pad to keep the mattress dry and make changing sheets easier.
Thankfully, with night-time waterproof underwear available, for occasional or full-time use, keeping the bed dry and making your child more comfortable is easier.
Rarely is bedwetting caused by a disease or physical problem, but parents will want to be alert to any other existing symptoms, such as:
- Frequent urination along with pain which could indicate a Urinary Tract Infection.
- Frequent urination and thirst, a possible sign of Juvenile Diabetes.
- Bedwetting starting after a period of never wetting the bed, which could be caused by Stress from school, family issues or even some type of abuse.


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Be a part of a unique online community that connects post production professionals and film academics worldwide.
You'll have access to personalize your news feed, access to Live Post Talks and much more. Contribute to the community by posting interesting post production content.
March 20, 2013, 2:06 pm
Every time you go to the cinema you will see an advert before the film from the Federation Against Copyright Theft. Or more snappily, FACT.
April 6, 2016, 9:40 am
The new Aframe version features a new look player with much improved non-video file previews. This includes audio playback in the browser and support for previewing a wide range of graphics files. Here's how audio files get displayed in the player: As with Soundcloud, users can jump to a specific point of interest in the... Read More
April 5, 2016, 5:18 am
David Peto, CEO and founder of Aframe, believes operators must learn how to manage vast amounts of video flowing on networks better, given insatiable demand from consumers. UK-based Aframe is a cloud platform for video collaboration, and claims to provide a central location for people to "instantly, view, access and work with high resolution video".... Read More
February 4, 2016, 11:22 am
Being a novice when it comes to video production and editing, creating my first internal communications video to be seen by everyone at Aframe was definitely going to be a real learning experience for me. What follows is a beginner's guide to video editing, based on my own trials and tribulations of producing my first... Read More
January 27, 2016, 10:24 am
Working collaboratively with colleagues, agencies and clients is essential to your organization's success, but it's rarely easy to do so. Ever tried sending an hour-long video or a collection of finished masters to people outside your team? Then you know what a pain it can be when they're forced to purchase special software, or when... Read More
December 8, 2015, 6:00 am
1. The Settings tab has two new sliders – one for upload and one for download Does your IT team want more control over their transfers? Simply manage the proportion of bandwidth on the local network allocated to transfers carried out by Aframe Desktop. Moving the slider from left to right will increase the... Read More
November 12, 2015, 4:39 am
Westford, MA and London, November 12th, 2015 – Waterfront Film Studios has deployed Aframe's cloud video platform as a solution to effectively manage and streamline its post-production workflows with users and partners globally. Aframe has replaced Waterfront's previous manual processes for sharing and editing content, which were reliant on courier and online services, and has consequently delivered... Read More
September 23, 2015, 5:03 am
Cloud delivery & review help teams find and fix issues quicker, streamline a global workflow A+E Networks' award-winning programming reaches more than 330+ million subscribers in 200 countries. The content is distributed through its portfolio of channel brands, HISTORY, A&E, Lifetime, H2, Crime + Investigation and FYI, and is licensed to third party broadcast television... Read More
September 15, 2015, 9:21 am
The market for online video solutions can be confusing for the modern buyer. Especially for those who attended IBC in the hope of finding a solution to manage professional video. No doubt you'll be returning home with a sore head from the myriad of vendors each pitching 'revolutionary' products – and not just the complementary... Read More
September 11, 2015, 9:51 am
After looking round one of the world's largest broadcast technology shows, the mind quickly veers from cameras, asset management and drones, to food. All too often, the awesome products and demos on the show floor are badly let down by the grub the venue has to offer. Chips, burgers, pizza and not a lot else seems... Read More
September 3, 2015, 9:16 am
As more companies turn to the cloud as a way to streamline workflows and cut costs, every vendor seems to offer some type of cloud solution. The benefits, enabling teams to collaborate across geographies and time zones and making media centrally accessible, can transform workflows. But like any big industry shift, innovations are happening as... Read More
Gordon sits down with Wyatt Smith to discuss the editing of Mary Poppins Returns and the challenges the film presented him in ...
Gordon sits down with Chayse Irvin to discuss his approach to shooting BlacKkKlansman and his theories about cinematography.
Bill Curso is a makeup artist with thirty plus years under his belt, he's got three Oscar nominations with one win, fiv ...
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Sabina Szwarc
Born: February 24, 1923
Warsaw, Poland
Sabina grew up in a Jewish family in Piotrkow Trybunalski, a small industrial city southeast of Warsaw. Her family lived in a non-Jewish neighborhood. Her father was a businessman and her mother was a teacher. Both Yiddish and Polish were spoken in their home. In 1929 Sabina began public school, and later went on to study at a Jewish secondary school.
1933-39: On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Four days later, German troops streamed into our city. After one month of occupation, my father had to give up his business, I had to give up school, and our family of five was forced into a ghetto that had been set up by the Germans. We shared an apartment with another family. From blocks away we could hear the sounds of German patrols and heavy German boots on the cobblestones.
1940-44: In 1942, as the ghetto was being liquidated, my Polish girlfriends Danuta and Maria got my sister and me false Polish ID cards. On the eve of the final roundup, we escaped and hid in their home. Two weeks later my sister and I took labor assignments in Germany where nobody knew us. I was a maid in a hotel for German officers. One of them asked me whether there were Jews in my family. He said that he was an anthropologist and that my ears and profile seemed Jewish. I looked offended and continued to work.
Sabina was liberated in Regensburg, Germany, by American troops on April 27, 1945. She immigrated to the United States in 1950 and pursued a career as an ophthalmologist.


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How's it going everyone? Trying to get a little advice from my fellow michiganders and other frequent michigan hikers on their favorite spots to hike. What trails do you guys enjoy the most?
How's it going everyone? Trying to get a little advice from my fellow michiganders and other frequent michigan hikers on their favorite spots to hike. What trails do you guys enjoy the most?
Not much to add on this topic but one of the first places I ever went was Pictured Rocks. Very nice.
Michigan's got lots of great hiking, it just depends on how far you want to drive and how much time you've got. For a quick overnight that's close to home, Pinckney rec area is a nice 24 hour getaway. I like the Jordan river pathway, hoist lakes, and the NCT-MRT (heading there on Friday ). If you've got some time, check out either of the Manitou Islands. The UP is my favorite place, with PIRO, Porcupines, Tacquemon Falls, Grand Island, lots of NCT segments...the list goes on and on. IMO, Isle Royale is no doubt the holy grail of backpacking. Took my very first trip there, so it means a lot to me.
If you don't have it, pickup a copy of Jim Dufresnes Michigan Backpacking book or check him out online at michigantrailmaps.com. See you on the trail!
I'll have to pick up that book! I've been looking at the MRT-NCT trail. How long does it normally take you to do the how loop?
I usually do it as a 3 day loop, clockwise, starting at red bridge and head up the NCT trail. First night is around 8 miles, stopping at Eddington creek. Next data continue on north and cross over the bridge to the MRT side. Lots of great campsites north and south of slagle creek. Last day is usually 4-6 miles, making for an easy drive back home. I did it once as a 2 day, but it was tough because I did about 15 miles before I stopped for the day...rain came that night and I hiked out in a downpour. Total loop is around 22 miles or so.
Summer weekends it's pretty busy, so I usually try to hit it mid week to avoid the crowds.
Hey, this is my 100th post
Last edited by michigandave; 04-21-2013 at 16:41.
Thanks for the info! I think I'm gonna make that trail my first good trip with my Hennessy Hammock. I'm looking forward to it!
The Manistee River trail From the Hopendale Dam to Redbridge is very nice I have only done it in the Winter Snowshoeing. It is about 10 miles with great campsites !
Manistee River trail
We would be one step closer to world peace, if everyone slept in a hammock..


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Avengers (comics)
|The Avengers
The Avengers Vol. 3 #38 (March 2001).
Cover art by Alan Davis.
|Group publication information
|Marvel Comics
|First appearance
|The Avengers #1 (September 1963)
|Created by
|Stan Lee
Jack Kirby
|In-story information
|Type of organization
|Avengers Tower
Avengers Mansion
|Captain America (Sam Wilson) (leader)
Iron Man
Ms. Marvel (Kamala Khan)
Nova (Sam Alexander)
Spider-Man (Miles Morales)
Thor (Jane Foster)
|See: List of Avengers members
(September 1963).
Cover art by Jack Kirby and Dick Ayers.
|Series publication information
|Monthly (Vols. 1-4),
Semi-monthly (Vol. 5)
|Ongoing series
|Publication date
|(Vol. 1)
September 1963 – September 1996
(Vol. 2)
November 1996 – November 1997
(Vol. 3)
February 1998 – August 2004
(Vol. 1 resumption)
September – December 2004
(Vol. 4)
July 2010 – January 2013
(Vol. 5)
February 2013 – June 2015
|Number of issues
|(Vol. 1): 402 and 23 Annuals
(Vol. 2): 13
|Creative team
|Stan Lee
Jack Kirby
The Avengers are a fictional team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The team made its debut in The Avengers #1 (Sept. 1963), created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist/co-plotter Jack Kirby, inspired by the success of DC Comics' Justice League of America.
Labeled Earth's Mightiest Heroes, the Avengers originally consisted of Hank Pym, Hulk, Iron Man, Thor, and the Wasp. The original Captain America was discovered, trapped in ice (issue #4), and joined the group after they revived him. A rotating roster became a hallmark, although one theme remained consistent: the Avengers fight "the foes no single superhero can withstand." The team, famous for its battle cry of "Avengers Assemble!", has featured humans, mutants, robots, aliens, supernatural beings, and even former villains.
The team has appeared in a wide variety of media outside of comic books including a number of different animated television series and direct-to-video films. The 2012 live-action feature film The Avengers, directed by Joss Whedon, set numerous records during its box office run, including one of the biggest opening debuts in North America, with a weekend gross of $207.4 million.[1] A second Avengers film titled Avengers: Age of Ultron was released on May 1, 2015.
- 1 Publication history
- 2 Fictional biography
- 3 Current roster
- 4 Other versions
- 5 Collected editions
- 6 In other media
- 7 See also
- 8 References
- 9 Notes
- 10 External links
Publication history
In 1960, DC Comics launched a comic book series featuring a team of superheroes called the Justice League. Impressed by that book's strong sales, Martin Goodman, the owner of Marvel Comics predecessor Timely Comics, asked Stan Lee to create a similar team of superheroes for Marvel.[2] Lee recounts in Origins of Marvel Comics:
Martin mentioned that he had noticed one of the titles published by National Comics seemed to be selling better than most. It was a book called The [sic] Justice League of America and it was composed of a team of superheroes. ... 'If the Justice League is selling,' spoke he, 'why don't we put out a comic book that features a team of superheroes?'[2]
The team debuted in The Avengers #1 (Sept. 1963). Much like the Justice League, the Avengers were an assemblage of pre-existing superhero characters created by Lee and Jack Kirby. Kirby did the artwork for the first eight issues only, in addition to doing the layouts for issue #16.[3] This initial series, published bi-monthly through issue #6 (July 1964) and monthly thereafter ran through issue #402 (Sept. 1996), with spinoffs including several annuals, miniseries and a giant-size quarterly sister series that ran briefly in the mid-1970s.[4] Marvel filed for a trademark for "The Avengers" in 1967 and the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued the registration in 1970.[5]
Other spinoff series include West Coast Avengers, initially published as a four-issue miniseries in 1984, followed by a 102-issue series (Oct. 1985–Jan. 1994), retitled Avengers West Coast with #47;[6][7] and the 40-issue Solo Avengers (Dec.1987–Jan. 1991), retitled Avengers Spotlight with #21.[8][9]
Between 1996 and 2004, Marvel relaunched the primary Avengers title three times. In 1996, the "Heroes Reborn" line, in which Marvel contracted outside companies to produce four titles, included a new volume of The Avengers. It took place in an alternate universe, with a revamped history unrelated to mainstream Marvel continuity. The Avengers vol. 2 was written by Rob Liefeld and penciled by Jim Valentino, and ran for 13 issues (Nov. 1996–Nov. 1997). The final issue, which featured a crossover with the other Heroes Reborn titles, returned the characters to the main Marvel Universe.[10]
The Avengers vol. 3 relaunched and ran for 84 issues from February 1998 to August 2004. To coincide with what would have been the 500th issue of the original series, Marvel changed the numbering, and The Avengers #500-503 (Sept.– Dec. 2004), the one-shot Avengers Finale (Jan. 2005)[11] became the "Avengers Disassembled" storyline and final issues. In January 2005, a new version of the team appeared in the ongoing title The New Avengers,[12] followed by The Mighty Avengers, Avengers: The Initiative, and Dark Avengers. Avengers vol. 4 debuted in July 2010 and ran until January 2013.[13] Vol. 5 was launched in February 2013.[14] After Secret Wars, a new Avengers team debuted, dubbed the All-New, All-Different Avengers, starting with a Free Comic Book Day preview.[15]
Fictional biography
"And there came a day, a day unlike any other, when Earth's mightiest heroes and heroines found themselves united against a common threat. On that day, the Avengers were born—to fight the foes no single super hero could withstand! Through the years, their roster has prospered, changing many times, their glory has never been denied! Heed the call, then—for now, the Avengers Assemble!"
When the Asgardian god Loki seeks revenge against his brother Thor, his machinations unwittingly lead teenager Rick Jones to collect Ant-Man, the Wasp, and Iron Man to help Thor and the Hulk, whom Loki used as a pawn. After the group vanquished Loki, Ant-Man stated that the five worked well together and suggested they form a team; the Wasp named the group Avengers.[17][18]
The roster changed almost immediately; at the beginning of the second issue, Ant-Man became Giant-Man, and at the end of the issue, the Hulk left once he realized how much the others feared his unstable personality.[19] issue #4 brought the team's first major milestone: the revival and return of Captain America.[20][21] Captain America joined the team,[20] and he was given "founding member" status in the Hulk's place.[22] The Avengers went on to fight foes such as Baron Zemo, who formed the Masters of Evil,[23] Kang the Conqueror,[24][25] Wonder Man,[26][27] and Count Nefaria.[28][29]
The next milestone came when every member but Captain America resigned; they were replaced by three former villains: Hawkeye, the Scarlet Witch, and Quicksilver.[30][31][32] Giant-Man, now calling himself Goliath,[33] and the Wasp rejoined.[33] Hercules became part of the team,[34] while the Black Knight,[35] and the Black Widow,[36] abetted the Avengers but did not become members until years later. Spider-Man was offered membership but did not join the group.[37] The Black Panther joined after rescuing the team from the Grim Reaper.[38][39] The X-Men #45 (June 1968) featured a crossover with The Avengers #53 (June 1968).[40][41] This was followed by the introduction of the android the Vision.[42][43] Pym assumed the new identity of Yellowjacket in issue #59,[44] and married the Wasp the following month.[45]
The Avengers headquarters was in a New York City building called Avengers Mansion, courtesy of Tony Stark (Iron Man's real identity). The mansion was serviced by Edwin Jarvis, the Avengers' faithful butler,[46] and furnished with state of the art technology and defense systems, and included the Avengers' primary mode of transport: the five-engine Quinjet.
The prequel comic Avengers #1 1/2 (Dec. 1999), by writer Roger Stern and artist Bruce Timm, told a retro-style story taking place between issues #1 and #2, detailing Ant-Man's decision to transform himself into Giant-Man.[47]
The creative team of writer Roy Thomas and artist John Buscema introduced new characters such as Arkon in issue #75 (April 1970)[48] and Red Wolf in #80 (Sept. 1970).[49] The team's adventures increased in scope as the team crossed into an alternate dimension and battled the Squadron Supreme,[50][51][52] and fought in the Kree-Skrull War,[53][54][55] an epic battle between the alien Kree and Skrull races and guest-starred the Kree hero, Captain Marvel. The Avengers briefly disband when Skrulls impersonating Captain America, Thor, and Iron Man used their authority as founders of the team and disbanded it.[56] The true founding Avengers, minus the Wasp, reformed the team in response after complaints from Jarvis.[57] Novelist Harlan Ellison plotted two stories for the series. The first ("The Summons of Psyklop") was published in issue #88 (May 1971)[58][59] and the second ("Five Dooms to Save Tomorrow") in #101 (July 1972).[60]
Writer Steve Englehart introduced Mantis, who joined the team along with the reformed Swordsman.[61] During the summer of 1973, Englehart and artists Bob Brown and Sal Buscema produced "The Avengers-Defenders Clash" storyline which crossed over between the two team titles.[62][63][64] "The Celestial Madonna" arc linked Mantis' origins to the very beginnings of the Kree-Skrull conflict in a time-spanning adventure involving Kang the Conqueror,[65] and Immortus, who were past and future versions of each other.[66][67][68] Mantis was revealed to be the Celestial Madonna,[69] who was destined to give birth to a being that would save the universe.[70] It was revealed that the Vision's body had only been appropriated, and not created by Ultron, and that it originally belonged to the 1940s Human Torch. With his origins clear to him, the Vision proposed to the Scarlet Witch. The "Celestial Madonna" saga ended with their wedding, presided over by Immortus.[71][72] The Beast and Moondragon joined the team soon after.[73] George Pérez became the title's artist with issue #141 (Nov. 1975) which saw the start of a seven-part story featuring the Squadron Supreme and the Serpent Crown.[74] In 2010, Comics Bulletin ranked Englehart's run on The Avengers eighth on its list of the "Top 10 1970s Marvels".[75]
After Englehart departed and a seven-issue stint by Gerry Conway, Jim Shooter began as writer, generating several classic adventures, including "The Bride of Ultron",[76][77] the "Nefaria Trilogy",[78][79][80] and "The Korvac Saga", which featured nearly every Avenger who joined the team up to that point.[81][82] Shooter introduced the character of Henry Peter Gyrich, the Avengers' liaison to the United States National Security Council.[79][83] Gyrich was prejudiced against superhumans and acted in a heavy-handed, obstructive manner, and insisted that the Avengers followed government rules and regulations or else lose their priority status with the government. Among Gyrich's demands was that the active roster be trimmed down to only seven members, and that the Falcon, an African American, be admitted to the team to comply with affirmative action laws. This last act was resented by Hawkeye, who because of the seven-member limit lost his membership slot to the Falcon.[84] The Falcon, in turn, was unhappy to be the beneficiary of what he perceived to be tokenism, and decided to resign from the team, after which Wonder Man rejoined.[85] The true origins of Quicksilver and the Scarlet Witch were revealed in a three-part story that ran in issues #185-187 (July-Sept. 1979).[86] After this adventure, the Scarlet Witch took a leave of absence and Ms. Marvel officially joined the team as her replacement.[87]
The first major development was the breakdown of Henry Pym,[88] with his frequent changes of costume and name being symptomatic of an identity problem and an inferiority complex. After he abused his wife, failed to win back the confidence of the Avengers with a ruse and was duped by the villain Egghead, Pym was jailed.[89] Writer Roger Stern resolved this by having Pym outwit Egghead and defeated the latest incarnation of the Masters of Evil single-handedly, and proved his innocence.[90] Pym reconciled with the Wasp, but they decided to remain apart.[91] Pym retired from super-heroics,[91] but returned years later.[92]
Stern developed several major storylines, such as "Ultimate Vision" in which the Vision took over the world's computer systems in a misguided attempt to create world peace;[93][94][95][96] the formation of the West Coast Avengers;[97][98] and "Avengers Under Siege" which involved the second Baron Zemo and the Masters of Evil taking over the mansion and severely injuring Jarvis and Hercules.[99] "Assault on Olympus" featured Hercules' father, Zeus, blaming the Avengers for his son's injuries and brought them to Olympus for trial,[100] and the "Heavy Metal" arc saw the Super Adaptoid organized several robotic villains for an assault on the team.[101] New members during the 1980s included Tigra;[102] the She-Hulk;[103] an African American Captain Marvel named Monica Rambeau;[104] Starfox;[105] Hawkeye's wife, Mockingbird;[97] and Namor,[106] while Henry Pym emerged from retirement to join the West Coast Avengers.[92] Spider-Man was again offered membership,[107] but failed to gain admission due to security concerns by the Avengers' government liaison.[108] Rogue, who would later become a member of the X-Men, was introduced in The Avengers Annual #10 (1981) by writer Chris Claremont and artist Michael Golden.[109][110]
Stern created the villain, Nebula, who falsely claimed to be the granddaughter of Thanos.[111] The team relocated for a period to a floating island off the coast of New York called Hydrobase. The Avengers moved their base of operations to Hydrobase after Avengers Mansion was severely damaged in the "Under Siege".[112] Hydrobase was later sunk during the Acts of Vengeance crossover.[113] Following Stern's departure, Walt Simonson wrote the series briefly but left due to editorial conflicts.[114][115]
John Byrne took over writing both West Coast Avengers and The Avengers and revamped the comics to allow members to be active when available and reserved when not available and merged the two separate Avengers teams into one team with two bases.[116] Byrne's contributions included a revamping of the Vision, and the discovery that the children of the Scarlet Witch and the Vision were actually illusions. The loss of the Scarlet Witch's children and the Vision, who was disassembled by government agents in retaliation for the Ultimate Vision storyline, drove her insane, although she eventually recovered and rejoined the team. This story revealed that the Scarlet Witch's powers included wide-range reality manipulation and she was what the time-traveling Immortus refers to as a "nexus being" setting the stage for 2004's eventual Chaos and Avengers Disassembled storylines.[117] This played out in the Darker than Scarlet storyline which ran in Avengers West Coast from issues #51–62 (Nov. 1989–Sept. 1990). The Avengers titles in late 1989 were involved in the major crossover event "Acts of Vengeance" where Loki assembled many of Marvel's arch-villains, his inner circle consisted of Doctor Doom, Magneto, Kingpin, Mandarin, Wizard, and Red Skull, in a plot to destroy the team. Loki orchestrated a mass breakout of villains from prison facility, the Vault, as part of his "Acts of Vengeance" scheme, but he ultimately failed in his goal to destroy the Avengers.
In 1990, the U.S. government revoked the Avengers' New York State charter in a treaty with the Soviet Union. The Avengers then received a charter from the United Nations and the Avengers split into two teams with a substitute reserve team backing up the main teams.[118]
Bob Harras and Steve Epting took over the title in the summer of 1991 and introduced a stable lineup with ongoing story lines and character development focused on the Black Knight, Sersi, Crystal, Hercules, the Vision, and the Black Widow. Their primary antagonists in this run were the mysterious Proctor and his team of other-dimensional Avengers known as the Gatherers. During this period, the Avengers found themselves facing increasingly murderous enemies and were forced to question their rule against killing.[119]
This culminated in "Operation: Galactic Storm", a 19-part storyline that ran through all Avengers-related titles and showcased a conflict between the Kree and the Shi'ar Empire.[120] The team split when Iron Man and several dissidents executed the Supreme Intelligence against the wishes of Captain America. After a vote disbanded the West Coast Avengers, Iron Man formed a proactive and aggressive team called Force Works.[121] During the team's first mission, Wonder Man was killed again, though his atoms were temporarily scattered. Force Works later disbanded after it was revealed that Iron Man became a murderer via the manipulations of the villain Kang.[122]
During the Heroes Reborn event, many of the Avengers together with the Fantastic Four and others, died trying to stop the psychic entity Onslaught, although it was revealed that Franklin Richards preserved those heroes in a pocket universe. Believing the main team to be gone, the Black Widow disbanded the Avengers, and only butler Edwin Jarvis remained to tend to the Mansion.
Marvel contracted out The Avengers and three related titles — Captain America, Fantastic Four, and Iron Man to former Marvel artists Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld, two of the founding creators of Image Comics.[123] The previous continuity of the Marvel Universe was set aside as the heroes were "reborn" in the pocket universe. While The Avengers was relaunched as a new series, the "Heroes Reborn" line ended after a year as planned and the license reverted to Marvel.[124]
Writer Kurt Busiek and penciler George Pérez launched a new volume of the series with The Avengers vol. 3, #1 (Feb. 1998).[125] Busiek concurrently wrote the limited series Avengers Forever, a Time travel story that explored the history of the Avengers and resolved many outstanding questions. New members during this run included the revived Wonder Man, Justice, Firestar, Silverclaw, and Triathlon. Busiek's run included many of the Avengers' traditional villains such as the Grim Reaper,[126][127] Ultron,[128] Count Nefaria, and Kang the Conqueror.[129]
Successor writer Geoff Johns dealt with the aftermath of Busiek's Kang arc, as the Avengers were granted international authority by the United Nations. Members joining during that period included Jack of Hearts and the second Ant-Man. Chuck Austen followed as writer, and added a new Captain Britain to the team. Writer Brian Michael Bendis then rebooted the series with the "Avengers Disassembled" storyline.[130][131] Titled Chaos, the story featured the deaths of some members and a loss of credibility for the team. The culprit is revealed to be the Scarlet Witch, who had gone insane after agonizing over the memory of her lost children and who subsequently lost control of her reality-altering powers.[132] With the team in disarray and Avengers Mansion ruined, the surviving members agreed to disband.
A new Avengers team formed, in the series New Avengers, composed of Iron Man, Captain America, Luke Cage, Wolverine, Ronin, Spider-Man,[133] Spider-Woman, and the Sentry.[134] This was soon followed by the House of M event.
In the company-wide "Civil War" story arc, Marvel superheroes were split over compliance with the U.S. government's new Superhuman Registration Act, which required all superpowered persons to register their true identities with the federal government and become agents of same. The New Avengers disbanded, with a rebel underground starring in a series retaining The New Avengers in its trademarked cover logo and New Avengers in its copyright indicia. Luke Cage led this team, consisting of himself, Echo, Ronin, Spider-Man, Spider-Woman, Wolverine, Iron Fist, and Doctor Strange. During the long-term Secret Invasion by the shape-shifting alien race the Skrulls, Spider-Woman had been abducted and replaced by the Skrull queen Veranke. After the Skrulls' defeat, Spider-Woman was rescued along with other abducted and replaced heroes. During the company-wide story arc "Dark Reign", Echo and Iron Fist left the team and the Avengers gained Ms. Marvel, Bucky Barnes as a fill-in Captain America, and Mockingbird.
Iron Man, in the series The Mighty Avengers, formed a team under the aegis of the government's Fifty State Initiative program, and took up residency in New York City, joined by Ares, the Black Widow, the Sentry, the Wasp, Wonder Man, and leader Carol Danvers as Ms. Marvel.[135][136] After the events of the Secret Invasion story arc, Norman Osborn assumed control of the formerly S.H.I.E.L.D.-sponsored Avengers, now under the auspices of his own agency, H.A.M.M.E.R. All but Ares and the Sentry left this team — the Wasp appeared to have died — and the team migrated to the series Dark Avengers. Osborn recruited Marvel Boy to pose as Captain Marvel and Daken to pose as his father, Wolverine, bringing Moonstone, Bullseye, and Venom from his previous Thunderbolts team to impersonate Ms. Marvel, Hawkeye, and Spider-Man, respectively.
In The Mighty Avengers, Pym, assumed the Wasp identity in tribute to his fallen ex-wife, led a new team of Avengers, and claimed the name for his team as he was the only founding Avenger on any of the three active Avengers rosters. His team operated under a multinational umbrella group, the Global Reaction Agency for Mysterious Paranormal Activity (GRAMPA). This team featured the roster of Hercules, Amadeus Cho, Stature, the Vision, Jocasta, U.S. Agent, Quicksilver, and Pym. Loki in disguise as the Scarlet Witch was a recurring character. Iron Man and the Hulk were briefly with them.
All four Avengers series (The Mighty Avengers, New Avengers, Dark Avengers, and Avengers: The Initiative) were canceled, and a new ongoing series titled Avengers was launched in May 2010, written by Brian Michael Bendis and penciled by John Romita Jr..[137] This iteration of the Avengers roster consisted of Thor, Hawkeye, Spider-Man, Wolverine, Captain America, Spider-Woman, Iron Man, and team leader Maria Hill.[138] Steve Rogers, briefly eschewing his Captain America persona, grants these "New Avengers" recognition as an official team independent of Stark's more traditional Avengers. Bucky Barnes as Captain America joined the main Avengers, as did Iron Fist, Power Woman, and the Thing. Rogers was an occasional presence and Victoria Hand was added with his backing.
A second series, titled Secret Avengers, was released in May 2010, written by Ed Brubaker with Mike Deodato as the regular artist.[139] The second volume of the New Avengers series was relaunched in June 2010, written by Bendis and drawn by Stuart Immonen.[140] A fourth title, Avengers Academy, was launched in June 2010, replacing Avengers: The Initiative. Christos Gage served as writer, with Mike McKone as artist.[141]
Following a meeting between Rogers and MI-13, Captain Britain accepted a position with the Avengers.[142] Noh-Varr later did as well.[143] Bruce Banner made arrangements with Rogers for the Red Hulk to join.[144][145]
The "Shattered Heroes" storyline led to several changes in the main Avengers lineup, with Quake and Storm being recruited, and the Vision rejoining the team. Wolverine and Spider-Man leave the main team and become more involved with the New Avengers.[146] During the events of the Avengers vs. X-Men storyline, Storm quits to side with her fellow mutants as a member of the X-Men. The Avengers dismiss Noh-Varr after he attempted to betray the team, though ultimately he did not. The conflict ends with both teams defeated by an unrepentant Cyclops. A new series, Uncanny Avengers, debuted in the flagship title of the Marvel NOW! initiative. The title is written by Rick Remender with art by John Cassaday, and the team contains members of both the Avengers and the X-Men.[147] As well, a biweekly Avengers title was launched, written by Jonathan Hickman and drawn by different artists for each story arc.[148] Hickman also began writing New Avengers.[149]
During the AXIS storyline, when a now-evil Scarlet Witch invades Latveria, Doctor Doom forms his own team of Avengers consisting of 3D Man, Elsa Bloodstone, Stingray, Valkyrie, and U.S. Agent.[150] Rogers later assembles Magneto, Doctor Doom, the Absorbing Man, Carnage, Deadpool, the Enchantress, the Hobgoblin, the fifth Jack O'Lantern, Loki, Mystique, and Sabretooth.[151] During the Time Runs Out storyline, Sunspot created a team of the Avengers, consisting of himself, Black Widow, Cannonball, Manifold, Pod, Shang-Chi, Smasher, Spider-Woman, Validator, and the Children of the Sun. The "Multiversal Avengers" division of this team consists of Abyss, the Ex Nihili (including Ex Nihilo), Hyperion, Nightmask, Odinson, and Star Brand.[152]
Current roster
Other versions
1950s Avengers
A short-lived team of superheroes in the 1950s called themselves the Avengers. It consisted of Marvel Boy, Venus, the 3-D Man, Gorilla-Man, M-11, Jimmy Woo, Namora, and Jann of the Jungle,[153] and existed in an alternate timeline that was erased by the time-manipulating Immortus.[154] Agents of Atlas, a version of the group, without 3-D Man and Jann existed in mainstream continuity, and eventually reformed in the present day.[155]
Avengers 1959
The New Avengers vol. 2, #10 revealed another 1950s Avengers team, formed by Nick Fury to hunt the last remnants of the Third Reich and consisted of Fury himself, Dominic Fortune, Dum Dum Dugan, Namora, Silver Sable, Sabretooth, Kraven the Hunter, and Ulysses Bloodstone. A follow-up miniseries penned by Howard Chaykin showed this group assisted by Blonde Phantom, Eric Koenig and a brand new character British wizard and spy, Powell McTeague. That time they fought against a cult based on the Nazi party which employed several agents, including Baron Blood and Brain Drain.
Avengers Next
In the alternate future timeline known as MC2, the Avengers disbanded and Avengers Mansion was a museum. An emergency forced Edwin Jarvis to sound an alert, and a new generation of heroes formed a new team of Avengers. Most of the new Avengers were children of established Marvel superheroes.
Ultimate Marvel
In the Ultimate Marvel Universe, the Avengers are named the Ultimates, and were formed by General Nicholas Fury to protect America against superhuman threats. They first appeared in The Ultimates by Mark Millar and Bryan Hitch.[156][157] After the events of The Ultimates 2, the team left S.H.I.E.L.D. employment to become independent and financed by Tony Stark.[158]
A Black Ops team called the Avengers debuted sometime after the Ultimatum storyline. This version was a project headed up by Nick Fury and Tony Stark's brother Gregory Stark to bring Captain America back. Its known members consisted of War Machine, Hawkeye, the Black Widow II (Monica Chang), Spider (a Spider-Man clone created by Gregory Stark from the DNA of Spider-Man and Professor X), Tyrone Cash (who was the original Hulk before Bruce Banner), the Red Wasp, and Nerd Hulk (an intelligent clone of the Hulk who lacks the Hulk's rage).[159] Additional members included Punisher (who joined the Avengers against a Ghost Rider manhunt)[160] and the half vampire Blade (who joined the group to help against a vampire invasion).[161]
Avengers Forever
One of the timelines seen in Avengers Forever is an alternate future where Martians have ravaged Earth and killed most of its heroes. An older version of Black Panther leads a team of Avengers consisting of Killraven, Living Lightning, Jocasta, a new Crimson Dynamo, and Thundra. [162]
In an alternate future depicted in Runaways, Gertrude Yorkes's future self traveled back in time. In that future, she was the leader of the Avengers under the name Heroine.[163] That lineup of the Avengers featured an Iron Woman, Scorpion, the Fantastic Fourteen, and Captain Americas.[164]
Marvel Zombies
The Avengers existed as a team prior to a zombie contagion's arrival in the original Marvel Zombies universe, and resembled their pre-disassembled roster. When several of their members were infected, they set about eating humanity and sent out a bogus "Avengers Assemble" call to draw super-humans to the Avengers Mansion, infected more heroes and thus spread the virus. The team fell apart and many of its members were killed as time passed.[165]
A second team of zombie Avengers appeared in Marvel Zombies Return. That team was brought together to find food and kill any resistance (zombie or uninfected) and was led by Sentry. Also on the team were the zombies Moon Knight, Namor, Quasar, Quicksilver, Thundra, and Super-Skrull. They were joined by zombie Giant-Man of the original Zombiverse, who was trying to power a dimensional teleporter, but were all killed by Spider-Man's New Avengers. The team was composed of himself with Iron Man, Sandman, and the zombie Hulk and Wolverine.[166]
House of M: Avengers
In the alternate reality created by the Scarlet Witch, Luke Cage formed a team of superpowered humans to fight for human rights.[167]
Age of Apocalypse
A humanized version of the Avengers banded together during the Age of Apocalypse and were known as the Human High Council.[168][169]
Avengers 2099
During the "Secret Wars" storyline in the Battleworld domain of 2099, the Avengers are a team of corporate superheroes sponsored by Alchemax. The group consists of Captain America (a Latina woman named Roberta Mendez), Black Widow (an African-American woman named Tania), Iron Man (a dwarf named Sonny Frisco), Hawkeye (a half-man, half-bird creature named Max), and Hercules.[170]
Collected editions
The Avengers (1963 series)
|Title (Trade Paperback/ Hardcover)
|Material collected
|Publication date
|The Avengers, Vol. 1 (Marvel Masterworks)
|Avengers #1–10
|May 13, 2009
|The Avengers, Vol. 2 (Marvel Masterworks)
|Avengers #11–20
|October 14, 2009
|The Avengers, Vol. 3 (Marvel Masterworks)
|Avengers #21–30
|April 6, 2011
|The Avengers, Vol. 4 (Marvel Masterworks)
|Avengers #31–40
|April 11, 2012
|The Avengers, Vol. 5 (Marvel Masterworks)
|Avengers #41–50, Annual #1
|July 9, 2013
|The Avengers, Vol. 6 (Marvel Masterworks) (Hardcover only)
|Avengers #51–58, Annual #2, X-Men (1963) #45
|December 13, 2006
|The Avengers, Vol. 7 (Marvel Masterworks) (Hardcover only)
|Avengers #59–68, Marvel Super–Heroes (1966) #17
|October 17, 2007
|The Avengers, Vol. 8 (Marvel Masterworks) (Hardcover only)
|Avengers #69–79
|December 17, 2008
|The Avengers, Vol. 9 (Marvel Masterworks) (Hardcover only)
|Avengers #80–88, The Incredible Hulk #140
|May 28, 2009
|The Avengers: The Kree/Skrull War
|Avengers #89–97
|May 7, 2008
|The Avengers, Vol. 10 (Marvel Masterworks) (Hardcover only)
|Avengers #89–100
|May 19, 2010
|The Avengers, Vol. 11 (Marvel Masterworks) (Hardcover only)
|Avengers #101–111, Daredevil (1964) #99
|July 13, 2011
|The Avengers, Vol. 12 (Marvel Masterworks) (Hardcover only)
|Avengers #112–119, Defenders (1972) #8–11, and material from FOOM #5–7.
|March 2012
|The Avengers, Vol. 13 (Marvel Masterworks) (Hardcover only)
|Avengers Avengers #120-128, Giant-Size Avengers #1, Captain Marvel #33 and Fantastic Four #150
|June 19, 2013
|The Avengers, Vol. 14 (Marvel Masterworks) (Hardcover only)
|Avengers #Avengers #129-136, Giant-Size Avengers #2-4.
|July 16, 2014
|Avengers/Defenders War
|Avengers #115–118, Defenders #8–11
|March 2002
|The Avengers: Celestial Madonna (TPB)
|Avengers #129–135, Giant Sized Avengers #2–4
|May 1, 2002
|The Avengers: The Coming of the Beast (Hardcover)
|Avengers #137–140, 145–146
|January 26, 2011
|The Avengers: The Serpent Crown (TPB)
|Avengers #141–144 and #147–149
|September 7, 2005
|The Avengers: The Private War of Doctor Doom (Hardcover)
|Avengers #150–156, Avengers Annual #6, and Super Villain Team-Up #9
|March 2012
|The Avengers: The Bride of Ultron (Hardcover)
|Avengers #157-166
|October 2012
|The Avengers Epic Collection: The Final Threat
|Avengers #150-166, Annual #6-7, Super-Villain Team-Up #9 & Marvel Two-in-One Annual #2
|The Avengers: The Korvac Saga (Hardcover)
|Avengers #167–168 and #170–177
|June 2003
|The Avengers: The Korvac Saga (TPB)
|Avengers #167–168, #170–177 and Thor Annual #6
|March 2012
|The Avengers: Nights of Wundagore (TPB)
|Avengers #181–187
|March 27, 2009
|The Avengers: Heart of Stone (TPB)
|Avengers #188–196, Avengers Annual #9
|May 14, 2013
|The Avengers: The Trial of Yellowjacket (TPB)
|Avengers #212-230
|August 15, 2012
|The Avengers: Absolute Vision Book 1 (TPB)
|Avengers #231-241, Avengers Annual #11-12, The Amazing Spider-Man Annual #16, Fantastic Four #256, and Doctor Strange vol. 2 #60
|December 10, 2013
|The Avengers: Absolute Vision Book 2 (TPB)
|Avengers #242-254, Avengers Annual #13
|March 25, 2014
|The Avengers: The Legacy of Thanos (TPB)
|Avengers #255-261, Avengers Annual #14, Fantastic Four Annual #19
|June 24, 2014
|The Avengers: West Coast Avengers Assemble (Hardcover)
|West Coast Avengers #1–4, Iron Man Annual #7, and Avengers #250, plus material from Avengers #239, #243–244, and #246, and Avengers West Coast #100.
|June 9, 2010
|Secret Wars II Omnibus (Hardcover)
|Secret Wars II #1–9, Avengers #260–261, #265–266, plus more.
|February 18, 2009
|Avengers: The Once And Future Kang (TPB)
|Avengers #262–269, Avengers Annual #15, West Coast Avengers Annual #1
|February 19, 2013
|The Avengers: Under Siege (Hardcover)
|Avengers #270–277
|December 22, 2010
|The Avengers: Assault on Olympus (Hardcover)
|Avengers #278–285
|September 21, 2011
|The Avengers: Heavy Metal (TPB)
|Avengers #286–293
|August 6, 2013
|X-Men: Inferno Crossovers Omnibus (Hardcover)
|Avengers #298–300 plus more.
|September 8, 2010
|Acts of Vengeance Omnibus (Hardcover)
|Avengers #311–313, Annual #19, Avengers Spotlight #26–29, Avengers West Coast #53–55, plus more.
|March 30, 2011
|Avengers: Galactic Storm: Volume 1 (TPB)
|Collects Avengers #345–346, Avengers West Coast #80–81, Captain America #398–399, Quasar #32–33, Wonder Man #7–8, Iron Man #278 and Thor #445.
|March 2006
|978-0785120440 Check ISBN
|Avengers: Galactic Storm: Volume 2 (TPB)
|Collects Avengers #347, Avengers West Coast #82, Iron Man #279, Thor #446, Captain America #400–401, Quasar #34–35, Wonder Man #9 and What If? #55–56.
|December 2006
|978-0785120459 Check ISBN
|The Avengers/ X-Men: Bloodties (Hardcover)
|Avengers #368–369, Avengers West Coast #101, Uncanny X-Men #307, X-Men #26, Black Knight: Exodus
|January 18, 2012
|Avengers: The Crossing Omnibus (Hardcover)
|Avengers #390–395, Avengers: The Crossing, Avengers: Timeslide, Iron Man #319–325, Force Works #16–22, War Machine #20–25, and Age of Innocence: The Rebirth of Iron Man.
|March 2012
|Avengers/ Iron Man: First Sign (TPB)
|Avengers #396-400, Iron Man #326-331, Thor #426, Captain America #449.
|August 2013
|X-Men: The Complete Onslaught Epic, Book 1 (TPB)
|Avengers #400–401, X-Men #53–54, Uncanny X-Men #334–335, and more.
|December 20, 2007
|X-Men: The Complete Onslaught Epic, Book 3 (TPB)
|Avengers #402, Iron Man #332, and more.
|August 27, 2008
|Marvel Platinum: the Definitive Avengers (TPB)
|Avengers #1, 4, 57, 93, Avengers West Coast #51-52, Avengers #10-11, Avengers #503,
Avengers Finale and New Avengers #3.
|12 April 2012
|Title (B&W Trade Paperbacks)
|Material collected
|Publication date
|Essential Avengers, Vol. 1 (Marvel Essentials)
|Avengers #1–24 (B&W) (1963–1966)
|November 18, 1998
|Essential Avengers, Vol. 2 (Marvel Essentials)
|Avengers #25–46, Annual #1 (B&W) (1966–1967)
|June 1, 2000
|Essential Avengers, Vol. 3 (Marvel Essentials)
|Avengers #47–68, Annual #2 (B&W) (1967–1969)
|March 1, 2001
|Essential Avengers, Vol. 4 (Marvel Essentials)
|Avengers #69–97, The Incredible Hulk #140 (B&W) (1969–1972)
|October 1, 2004
|Essential Avengers, Vol. 5 (Marvel Essentials)
|Avengers #98–119, Daredevil #99, Defenders #8–11 (B&W) (1972–1974)
|January 25, 2006
|Essential Avengers, Vol. 6 (Marvel Essentials)
|Avengers #120–140, Captain Marvel #33, Fantastic Four #150, Giant–Size Avengers #1–4 (B&W) (1974–1975)
|February 20, 2008
|Essential Avengers, Vol. 7 (Marvel Essentials)
|Avengers #141–163, Annual #6, and Super-Villain Team-Up #9 (B&W) (1975–1977)
|January 8, 2010
|Essential Avengers, Vol. 8 (Marvel Essentials)
|Avengers #164–184, Annual #7-8, and Marvel Two-in-One Annual #2 (B&W) (1977–1979)
|April 25, 2012
|Essential Avengers, Vol. 9 (Marvel Essentials)
|Avengers #185-206, Avengers Annual #9, Tales to Astonish #12 (B&W) (1979–1981)
|September 24, 2013
|0-7851-8411-9 Check ISBN
Avengers Vol. 2 (1996)
|Title (Trade Paperback)
|Material collected
|Publication date
|Avengers: Heroes Reborn
|Avengers (1996) #1–12
|December 27, 2006
Avengers Vol. 3 (1998)
|Title (Trade Paperback)
|Material collected
|Publication date
|Avengers Assemble, Vol. 1
|Avengers vol. 3 #1–11, Annual 1998; Iron Man vol. 3 #7; Captain America vol. 3 #8; Quicksilver #10
|January 12, 2011
|Avengers: The Morgan Conquest
|Avengers (1998) #1–4
|January 2000
|Avengers: Supreme Justice
|Avengers vol. 3 #5-8, Avengers/Squadron Supreme Annual '98, Iron Man vol. 3 #7, Captain America vol. 3 #8, and Quicksilver #10
|June 1, 2001
|Avengers Assemble, Vol. 2
|Avengers vol. 3 #12–23 and #0, Annual 1999; Avengers: Rough Cut.
|March 2012
|Avengers: Clear and Present Dangers
|Avengers vol. 3 #8–15
|November 1, 2001
|Avengers: Ultron Unlimited
|Avengers vol. 3 #0 and #19–22
|April 1, 2001
|Avengers Assemble, Vol. 3
|Avengers vol. 3 #23–34, #1½, Thunderbolts #42–44
|July 26, 2006
|Avengers: Living Legends
|Avengers (1998) #23–30
|July 21, 2004
|Avengers/Thunderbolts Volume 1: The Nefaria Protocols
|Avengers vol. 3 #31–34, Thunderbolts #42–44
|March 1, 2004
|Avengers Assemble, Vol. 4
|Avengers vol. 3 #35–40, Annual 2000–200, Thunderbolts Annual 2000, Avengers: The Ultron Imperative and Avengers Infinity #1–4
|January 31, 2007
|Avengers: Above and Beyond
|Avengers vol. 3 #36–40, 56, Avengers: Ultron Imperative, and Annual 2001
|February 15, 2006
|Avengers: The Kang Dynasty
|Avengers vol. 3 #41–55 (vol. 1 #456–470),[Note 1] and Annual 2001
|November 30, 2002
|Avengers Assemble, Vol. 5
|Avengers vol. 3 #41–56, Annual 2001
|November 7, 2007
|Avengers, Vol. 1: World Trust
|Avengers vol. 3 #57–62 (vol. 1 #472–477), and Marvel Double–Shot #2
|March 17, 2003
|Avengers: The Complete Collection by Geoff Johns, vol. 1
|Avengers vol. 3 #57-63, Vision #1-4, Thor vol. 2 #58, Iron Man vol. 3 #64
|Avengers, Vol. 2: Red Zone
|Avengers vol. 3 #64–70 (vol. 1 #478–485)
|December 30, 2003
|Avengers, Vol. 3: The Search for She-Hulk
|Avengers vol. 3 #71–76 (vol. 1 #486–491)
|May 2004
|Avengers: The Complete Collection by Geoff Johns, vol. 2
|Avengers vol. 3 #64-76
|Avengers, Vol. 4: Lionheart of Avalon
|Avengers vol. 3 #77–81 (vol. 1 #492–496)
|August 1, 2004
|Avengers, Vol. 5: Once An Invader
|Avengers vol. 3 #82–84 (vol. 1 #497–499), Invaders #0
|November 1, 2004
|Avengers: Disassembled
|Avengers #500–503,[Note 2] and Avengers Finale
|November 22, 2006
|Title (Hardcover)
|Material collected
|Publication date
|Avengers Assemble, Vol. 1
|Avengers vol. 3 #1–11, Annual 1998; Iron Man vol. 3 #7; Captain America vol. 3 #8; Quicksilver #10
|August 4, 2004
|Avengers Assemble, Vol. 2
|Avengers vol. 3 #12–22, #0 and Annual 1999
|April 6, 2005
|Avengers Assemble, Vol. 3
|Avengers vol. 3 #23–34, #1½, Thunderbolts #42–44
|July 26, 2006
|Avengers Assemble, Vol. 4
|Avengers vol. 3 #35–40, Annual 2000–2001, Thunderbolts Annual 2000, Avengers: The Ultron Imperative and Avengers Infinity #1–4
|January 31, 2007
|Avengers Assemble, Vol. 5
|Avengers vol. 3 #41–56, Annual 2001
|November 7, 2007
|Avengers, Vol. 1: World Trust
|Avengers vol. 3 #57–61
|February 10, 2010
|Avengers, Vol. 2: Standoff
|Avengers vol. 3 #62–64, Thor vol. 2 #58, and Iron Man vol. 3 #64.
|February 10, 2010
|Avengers, Vol. 3: Red Zone
|Avengers vol. 3 #65–70
|May 26, 2010
|Avengers, Vol. 4: The Search for She-Hulk
|Avengers vol. 3 #71–76
|August 4, 2010
|Avengers: Disassembled
|Avengers #500–503 (returns to original numbering); Avengers Finale
|December 20, 2006
Avengers Vol. 4 (2010)
|Title (Hardcover)
|Material collected
|Publication date
|Avengers Vol. 1
|Avengers vol. 4 #1–6
|February 9, 2011
|Avengers Vol. 2
|Avengers vol. 4 #7–12, #12.1
|July 27, 2011
|Avengers: Fear Itself
|Avengers vol. 4 #13–17
New Avengers vol. 2 #14–16
|January 25, 2012
|Avengers Vol. 3
|Avengers vol. 4 #18–24, #24.1
|July 25, 2012
|Avengers Vol. 4
|Avengers (2010) #25-30
|January 1, 2013
|978-0785160795 Check ISBN
|Avengers Vol. 5
|Avengers vol. 4 #31-34, Annual #1
New Avengers vol. 2 Annual #1
|March 5, 2013
|978-0785160817 Check ISBN
|Title (Trade Paperback)
|Material collected
|Publication date
|Avengers, Vol. 1
|Avengers (2010) #1–6
|August 10, 2011
Avengers Vol. 5 (2013)
|Title (Hardcover)
|Material collected
|Publication date
|Avengers Vol. 1: Avengers World
|Avengers vol. 5 #1–6
|April 30, 2013
|Avengers Vol. 2: The Last White Event
|Avengers vol. 5 #7-11
|July 23, 2013
|Avengers Vol. 3: Prelude to Infinity
|Avengers vol. 5 #12-17
|October 29, 2013
|Avengers Vol. 4: Infinity
|Avengers vol. 5 #18-23
|January 28, 2014
|Avengers Vol. 5: Adapt or Die
|Avengers vol. 5 #24-28
|July 15, 2014
|Avengers Vol. 6: Infinite Avengers
|Avengers vol. 5 #29-34
|November 18, 2014
|Avengers: Time Runs Out, vol. 1
|Avengers vol. 5 #35-37; New Avengers vol. 3 #24-25
|January 14, 2015
|Avengers: Time Runs Out, vol. 2
|Avengers vol. 5 #38-39; New Avengers vol. 3 #26-28
|March 10, 2015
|Avengers: Time Runs Out, vol. 3
|Avengers vol. 5 #40-42; New Avengers vol. 3 #29-30
|May 26, 2015
|Avengers: Time Runs Out, vol. 4
|Avengers vol. 5 #43-44; New Avengers vol. 3 #31-33
|June 30, 2015
In other media
Three animated series have been based on the team. The Avengers: United They Stand was loosely based on the West Coast Avengers and ran from 1999 to 2000. The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes was based on the early adventures of the team and ran from 2010 to 2013. Avengers Assemble is based on a new version of the team and premiered on May 26, 2013.
Marvel Animation has made three Avengers films, Ultimate Avengers, Ultimate Avengers 2, and Next Avengers.
Marvel Studios Productions include: The 2012 live-action film The Avengers, featuring Nick Fury recruiting Iron Man, Captain America, Hulk, Thor, Black Widow, and Hawkeye to form the Avengers to fight Loki and the Chitauri invasion of New York City. At the time, it set the record for the biggest opening debut in North America, with a weekend gross of $207.4 million.[1] A second Avengers film titled Avengers: Age of Ultron was released on May 1, 2015. A third Avengers film titled Avengers: Infinity War will be released in two parts, the first on May 4, 2018 and the second on May 3, 2019.
See also
- Alpha Flight - The Canadian version of the Avengers.
- Winter Guard - The Russian version of the Avengers.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Subers, Ray (May 6, 2012). "Weekend Report: Avengers Smashes Records". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 2013-05-19. Retrieved 2012-05-06.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lee, Stan (1974). Origins of Marvel Comics. Simon & Schuster/Fireside Books. p. 16. ISBN 978-0671218638.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Ryall, Chris (2009). Comic Books 101: The History, Methods and Madness. Impact. ISBN 9781600611872.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ The Avengers at the Grand Comics Database
- ↑ "The Avengers". Markify. Retrieved May 21, 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ West Coast Avengers vol. 2 at the Grand Comics Database
- ↑ Avengers West Coast at the Grand Comics Database
- ↑ Solo Avengers at the Grand Comics Database
- ↑ Avengers Spotlight at the Grand Comics Database
- ↑ The Avengers vol. 2 at the Grand Comics Database
- ↑ Avengers Finale at the Grand Comics Database
- ↑ The New Avengers at the Grand Comics Database
- ↑ The Avengers vol. 4 at the Grand Comics Database
- ↑ The Avengers vol. 5 at the Grand Comics Database
- ↑ Morse, Ben (2015-03-26). "All-New, All-Different Avengers Assemble!". Marvel Comics. Archived from the original on 2015-06-26.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Roach, David A. (2005). The Superhero Book: The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Comic-Book Icons and Hollywood Heroes. Omnigraphics, Inc. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-7808-0772-3.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (p), Ayers, Dick (i). "The Coming of the Avengers" The Avengers 1 (Sep 1963), Marvel Comics
- ↑ DeFalco, Tom; Gilbert, Laura, ed. (2008). "1960s". Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History. Dorling Kindersley. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-7566-4123-8.
Filled with some wonderful visual action, The Avengers #1 has a very simple story: the Norse god Loki tricked the Hulk into going on a rampage ... The heroes eventually learned about Loki's involvement and united with the Hulk to form the Avengers.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (p), Reinman, Paul (i). "The Space Phantom" The Avengers 2 (Nov 1963), Marvel Comics
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (p), Roussos, George (i). "Captain America Joins ... The Avengers!" The Avengers 4 (March 1964), Marvel Comics
- ↑ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 99: "'Captain America lives again!' announced the cover of The Avengers #4. A mere [four] months after his imposter had appeared in Strange Tales #114, the real Cap was back."
- ↑ Busiek, Kurt (w), Pérez, George (p), Vey, Al (i). "Once an Avenger ..." The Avengers v3, 1 (Feb 1998), Marvel Comics
- ↑ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 101: "The Masters of Evil, the Avengers' evil counterparts, launched their first attack in The Avengers #6."
- ↑ Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (p), Ayers, Dick (i). "Kang, the Conqueror" The Avengers 8 (Sep 1964), Marvel Comics
- ↑ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 101: "Time travel had fascinated writers of speculative fiction ever since H. G. Wells published The Time Machine, so Stan Lee and Jack Kirby introduced their own master of time in The Avengers #8."
- ↑ Lee, Stan (w), Heck, Don (p), Ayers, Dick (i). "The Coming of the Wonder Man!" The Avengers 9 (Oct 1964), Marvel Comics
- ↑ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 102: "Created to infiltrate and destroy the Avengers, Wonder Man ultimately sacrificed himself to save them."
- ↑ Lee, Stan (w), Heck, Don (p), Ayers, Dick (i). "Trapped in the Castle of Count Nefaria!" The Avengers 13 (Feb 1965), Marvel Comics
- ↑ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 106: "Europe's wealthiest nobleman, Count Nefaria, had a terrible secret: he was also the most powerful crimelord on Earth. Created by Stan Lee and Don Heck, Nefaria secretly ran the worldwide criminal organization called the Maggia."
- ↑ Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (p), Ayers, Dick (i). "The Old Order Changeth!" The Avengers 16 (May 1965), Marvel Comics
- ↑ Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics. Harry N. Abrams. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-8109-3821-2.
Stan Lee has admitted that by this period the intertwined tales of the Marvel Universe were beginning to confuse even him. Keeping top heroes like Thor active in The Avengers without contradicting the information in Thor's own series was becoming a chore. A changing of the guard was the result for The Avengers.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 108: "No super hero team in the history of comic books had ever gone through such a massive overhaul. A new precedent had been set! The Avengers line-up continued to change and evolve over the years."
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Lee, Stan (w), Heck, Don (p), Ray, Frankie (i). "Among Us Walks a Goliath!" The Avengers 28 (May 1966), Marvel Comics
- ↑ Thomas, Roy (w), Heck, Don (p), Colletta, Vince (i). "Blitzkreig in Central Park!" The Avengers 45 (Oct 1967), Marvel Comics
- ↑ Thomas, Roy (w), Buscema, John (p), Tuska, George (i). "... And Deliver Us From the Masters of Evil!" The Avengers 54 (July 1968), Marvel Comics
- ↑ Thomas, Roy (w), Heck, Don (p). "The Ultroids Attack!" The Avengers 36 (Jan 1967), Marvel Comics
- ↑ Manning, Matthew K.; Gilbert, Laura, ed. (2012). "1960s". Spider-Man Chronicle Celebrating 50 Years of Web-Slinging. Dorling Kindersley. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-7566-9236-0.
Spider-Man nearly became an Avenger in this lead story [of The Amazing Spider-Man Annual #3 (1966)] written by [Stan] Lee with layouts by [John Romita Sr.] and pencils by Don Heck. Packaged ... in a 72-paged oversized special, '... To Become an Avenger' saw Spidey actively recruited for Avengers membership.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Thomas, Roy (w), Buscema, John (p), Colletta, Vince (i). "Death Calls for the Arch-Heroes!" The Avengers 52 (May 1968), Marvel Comics
- ↑ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 130: "For issue #52, [writer Roy] Thomas introduced [Wonder Man's] brother Eric, who became the Grim Reaper."
- ↑ Friedrich, Gary (w), Heck, Don; Roth, Werner (p), Tartaglione, John (i). "When Mutants Clash!" The X-Men 45 (June 1968)
- ↑ Thomas, Roy (w), Buscema, John (p), Tuska, George (i). "In Battle Joined!" The Avengers 53 (June 1968)
- ↑ Thomas, Roy (w), Buscema, John (p), Klein, George (i). "Behold ... The Vision!" The Avengers 57 (Oct 1968), Marvel Comics
- ↑ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 132: "The updated Vision was created by writer Roy Thomas, who continued his trick of taking a name that Marvel already owned and creating a new super hero around it ... The new Vision, drawn by John Buscema, was a synthozoid - an android with synthetic human organs."
- ↑ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 133: "Hank had suffered a mental breakdown and created this new identity."
- ↑ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 134: "Janet Van Dyne (the Wasp) and Hank Pym ... finally tied the knot in The Avengers #60."
- ↑ DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 103: "Tales of Suspense #59 also presented Edwin Jarvis for the first time, the longtime butler of the Avengers."
- ↑ Beard, Jim (May 18, 2012). "Avengers Classics: Avengers 1 1/2". Marvel Comics. Archived from the original on February 20, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Sanderson, Peter "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 145
- ↑ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 146: "Red Wolf was Marvel's first Native American super hero."
- ↑ Thomas, Roy (w), Buscema, John (p), Giacoia, Frank (i). "The World Is Not for Burning" The Avengers 85 (February 1971)
- ↑ Thomas, Roy (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Mooney, Jim (i). "Brain-Child to the Dark Tower Came" The Avengers 86 (March 1971)
- ↑ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 148
- ↑ Thomas, Roy; Buscema, Sal; Adams, Neal; Buscema, John (2000). Avengers: The Kree-Skrull War. Marvel Comics. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-7851-0745-3. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Daniels p. 150: "This wild tale ... attempted to tie together more than thirty years of the company's stories ... More than any previous work, 'The Kree-Skrull War' solidified the idea that every comic book Marvel had ever published was part of an endless, ongoing saga."
- ↑ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 150: "Unprecedented in Marvel history, this epic spanned nine issues of The Avengers. The saga began in The Avengers #89."
- ↑ Thomas, Roy (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Roussos, George (i). "All Things Must End!" The Avengers 92 (September 1971)
- ↑ Thomas, Roy (w), Adams, Neal (p), Palmer, Tom (i). "This Beachhead Earth" The Avengers 93 (November 1971)
- ↑ Comtois, Pierre (2011). Marvel Comics In The 1970s: An Issue-By-Issue Field Guide To A Pop Culture Phenomenon. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-60549-034-2.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 149: "Ellison devised a plot for a two-part story, scripted by Roy Thomas, that began in The Avengers #88 and led into The Incredible Hulk #140."
- ↑ Cook, Jon B. (2005). "Rich Buckler Breaks Out! The artist on Deathlok, T'Challa and other Marvel Tales". Comic Book Artist Collection, Vol. 3. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-893905-42-9.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Englehart, Steve (w), Brown, Bob (p), Esposito, Mike (i). "Night of the Swordsman" The Avengers 114 (August 1973)
- ↑ Englehart, Steve (n.d.). "The Avengers-Defenders Clash". SteveEnglehart.com. Archived from the original on May 19, 2013. Retrieved May 19, 2013.
From the moment it was born, this sequence was called the Avengers-Defenders Clash.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Englehart, Steve; Brown, Bob; Buscema, Sal (2007). Avengers/Defenders War. Marvel Comics. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-7851-2759-8.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 160: "Loki and Dormammu manipulated two super-teams into the Avengers-Defenders war, starting in The Avengers #116 and The Defenders #9 in October [1973]."
- ↑ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 166: "Writer Steve Englehart started an epic story line in which Kang the Conqueror tried to locate the Celestial Madonna."
- ↑ Englehart, Steve (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Staton, Joe (i). "Yesterday and Beyond ..." The Avengers 133 (March 1975)
- ↑ Englehart, Steve (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Staton, Joe (i). "The Times That Bind!" The Avengers 134 (April 1975)
- ↑ Englehart, Steve (w), Tuska, George (p), Chiaramonte, Frank (i). "The Torch is Passed!" The Avengers 135 (May 1975)
- ↑ Cooke, Jon B. (2000). Comic Book Artist Collection, Volume One. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 166. ISBN 978-1-893905-03-0.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Englehart, Steve (w), Cockrum, Dave (p), Cockrum, Dave (i). "A Blast from the Past!" Giant-Size Avengers 2 (November 1974)
- ↑ Englehart, Steve (w), Heck, Don (p), Tartaglione, John (i). "... Let All Men Bring Together" Giant-Size Avengers 4 (June 1975)
- ↑ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 169: "Writer Steve Englehart and veteran Avengers artist Don Heck presented the grand finale of the long-running 'Celestial Madonna' saga ... Immortus presided over the double wedding of Mantis to the resurrected Swordsman, and the android Vision to the Scarlet Witch."
- ↑ Englehart,, Steve (w), Tuska, George (p), Colletta, Vince (i). "We Do Seek Out New Avengers!!" The Avengers 137 (July 1975)
- ↑ Englehart, Steve; Pérez, George (2007). Avengers: The Serpent Crown. Marvel Comics. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-7851-5751-9.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Sacks, Jason (September 6, 2010). "Top 10 1970s Marvels". Comics Bulletin. Archived from the original on August 3, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Shooter, Jim (w), Pérez, George (p), Marcos, Pablo (i). "Beware the Ant-Man!" The Avengers 161 (July 1977)
- ↑ Shooter, Jim (w), Pérez, George (p), Marcos, Pablo (i). "The Bride of Ultron!" The Avengers 162 (August 1977)
- ↑ Shooter Jim (w), Byrne, John (p), Marcos Pablo (i). "To Fall by Treachery!" The Avengers 164 (October 1977)
- ↑ 79.0 79.1 Shooter Jim (w), Byrne, John (p), Marcos Pablo (i). "Hammer of Vengeance!" The Avengers 165 (November 1977)
- ↑ Shooter Jim (w), Byrne, John (p), Marcos Pablo (i). "Day of the Godslayer!" The Avengers 166 (December 1977)
- ↑ Shooter, Jim; Pérez, George; Buscema, Sal; Wenzel, David (2010). Avengers: The Korvac Saga. Marvel Comics. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-7851-4470-0.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 184: "Writer Jim Shooter and artist George Pérez began their saga pitting their seemingly omnipotent villain, Michael Korvac against Earth's Mightiest Heroes in The Avengers #167."
- ↑ Shooter, Jim (w), Pérez, George (p), Marcos, Pablo (i). "First Blood" The Avengers 168 (February 1978)
- ↑ Michelinie, David (w), Byrne, John (p), Day, Gene (i). "On The Matter Of Heroes!" The Avengers 181 (March 1979)
- ↑ Michelinie, David (w), Pérez, George (p), Rubinstein, Joe (i). "Interlude" The Avengers 194 (April 1980)
- ↑ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 190: "Readers learned how a mysterious woman, Magda, gave birth to the mutant twins at Wundagore Mountain before disappearing into the wilderness."
- ↑ Michelinie, David (w), Byrne, John (p), Janson, Klaus (i). "The Redoubtable Return of Crusher Creel!" The Avengers 183 (May 1979)
- ↑ Shooter, Jim (w), Hall, Bob (p), Green, Dan (i). "Court-Martial" The Avengers 213 (November 1981)
- ↑ Shooter, Jim (w), Hall, Bob (p), Green, Dan (i). "Double-Cross!" The Avengers 217 (March 1982)
- ↑ Stern, Roger (w), Milgrom, Al (p), Sinnott, Joe (i). "Final Curtain!" The Avengers 229 (March 1983)
- ↑ 91.0 91.1 Stern, Roger (w), Milgrom, Al (p), Sinnott, Joe (i). "The Last Farewell!" The Avengers 230 (April 1983)
- ↑ 92.0 92.1 Englehart, Steve (w), Milgrom, Al (p), Sinnott, Joe (i). "Lost in Space-Time Part 5: A Time for Every Purpose Under Heaven!" West Coast Avengers v2, 21 (June 1987)
- ↑ Stern, Roger (w), Hall, Bob (p), Sinnott, Joe (i). "Deceptions!" The Avengers 251 (January 1985)
- ↑ Stern, Roger (w), Hall, Bob (p), Sinnott, Joe (i). "Deciding Factor!" The Avengers 252 (February 1985)
- ↑ Stern, Roger (w), Hall, Bob (p), Akin, Ian; Garvey, Brian (i). "Conquering Vision" The Avengers 253 (March 1985)
- ↑ Stern, Roger (w), Hall, Bob (p), Rubinstein, Joe; DelBeato, Joe (i). "Absolute Vision" The Avengers 254 (April 1985)
- ↑ 97.0 97.1 Stern, Roger (w), Hall, Bob (p), Breeding, Brett (i). "Avengers Assemble!" West Coast Avengers 1 (September 1984)
- ↑ DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 219: "Hawkeye and his new wife, Mockingbird, were given the job of running the West Coast branch ... The initial four-issue limited series proved so popular that it became a regular monthly book that ran for 102 issues."
- ↑ Stern, Roger; Buscema, John (2010). Avengers: Under Siege. Marvel Comics. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-7851-4382-6.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Stern, Roger; Buscema, John (2011). Avengers: Assault on Olympus. Marvel Comics. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-7851-5533-1.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Stern, Roger; Macchio, Ralph; Buscema, John (2013). Avengers: Heavy Metal. Marvel Comics. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-7851-8452-2.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Shooter, Jim (w), Colan, Gene (p), Green, Dan (i). "... By Force of Mind!" The Avengers 211 (September 1981)
- ↑ Shooter, Jim; Michelinie, David (w), Hall, Bob (p), Breeding, Brett (i). "... New Blood!" The Avengers 221 (July 1982)
- ↑ Stern, Roger (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Breeding, Brett (i). "Testing ... 1 ... 2 ... 3!" The Avengers 227 (January 1983)
- ↑ Stern, Roger (w), Milgrom, Al (p), Sinnott, Joe (i). "And Now ... Starfox!" The Avengers 232 (June 1983)
- ↑ Stern, Roger (w), Buscema, John (p), Palmer, Tom (i). "Many Brave Hearts ..." The Avengers 262 (December 1985)
- ↑ Manning "1980s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 129: "The Avengers were looking for some new blood, and once again Spider-Man's name had come up in discussion."
- ↑ Manning "1980s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 136: "Spidey still wouldn't make the team, receiving a veto from the National Security Council based on his rather spotty record"
- ↑ Nolen-Weathington, Eric (2007). Modern Masters Volume 12: Michael Golden. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-893905-74-0.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 203: "When she first appeared, Rogue was a member of Mystique's Brotherhood of Evil Mutants."
- ↑ Stern, Roger (w), Buscema, John (p), Palmer, Tom (i). "Holocaust In A Hidden Land!" The Avengers 257 (July 1985)
- ↑ Stern, Roger (w), Buscema, John (p), Palmer, Tom (i). "Pressure" The Avengers 278 (April 1987)
- ↑ Byrne, John (w), Ryan, Paul (p), Palmer, Tom (i). "The Weakest Point" The Avengers 311 (December 1989)
- ↑ Nolen-Weathington, Eric; Ash, Roger (2006). Modern Masters, Volume 8: Walter Simonson. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-893905-64-1.
I was pretty annoyed. I'd been working up storylines with permission for months, and watched it be eviscerated.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Suiter, David (December 2013). "Avengers #300 The Mighty Avengers Celebrate Their Tricentennial Anniversary With a New Lineup". Back Issue!. TwoMorrows Publishing (69): 80–82.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Byrne, John (w), Ryan, Paul (p), Palmer, Tom (i). "Avengers Assemble!" The Avengers 305 (July 1989)
- ↑ Housel, Rebecca; Wisnewski, J. Jeremy; Irwin, William (2009). X-Men and Philosophy: Astonishing Insight and Uncanny Argument in the Mutant X-Verse. Wiley. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-470-41340-1.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Hama, Larry (w), Ryan, Paul (p), Palmer, Tom (i). "Wind From the East" The Avengers 326 (November 1990)
- ↑ Harras, Bob (w), Epting, Steve (p), Palmer, Tom (i). "Empire's End" The Avengers 347 (May 1992)
- ↑ Manning, Matthew K. "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 258
- ↑ Abnett, Dan; Lanning, Andy (w), Tenney, Tom (p), Garcia, Rey (i). "Daybreak" Force Works 1 (July 1994)
- ↑ Abnett, Dan; Lanning, Andy (w), Wildman, Andrew (p), Garcia, Rey (i). "Pain Threshold" Force Works 22 (April 1996)
- ↑ Manning "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 280: "Another Heroes Reborn title, The Avengers was plotted and drawn by Rob Liefeld with a script by Jim Valentino. and additional pencils by Chap Yaep."
- ↑ Manning "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 282: "Although the flashy excitement of the Heroes Reborn event had given fans a nostalgic visit to the early part of the decade, by the end of the year, Marvel had set the stage for the return to its time-honored classic lineup."
- ↑ Manning "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 289: "At the top of [Marvel's] short list of dream artists for the Heroes Return project was George Pérez ... But when asked to both write and draw the title, Pérez declined the invitation, stating he would rather just pencil the book ... He did, however, suggest a writer that he wanted to work with - Kurt Busiek."
- ↑ Busiek, Kurt (w), Pérez, George (p), Vey, Al (i). "Pomp & Pageantry" The Avengers v3, 10 (November 1998)
- ↑ Busiek, Kurt (w), Pérez, George (p), Vey, Al (i). "... Always an Avenger!" The Avengers v3, 11 (December 1998)
- ↑ Busiek, Kurt; Pérez, George (2001). The Avengers: Ultron Unlimited. Marvel Comics. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-7851-0774-3.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Busiek, Kurt; Davis, Alan; Dwyer, Kieron (2004). The Avengers: The Kang Dynasty. Marvel Comics. p. 384. ISBN 978-0-7851-0958-7.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Bendis, Brian Michael; Finch, David (2006). Avengers Disassembled. Marvel Comics. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-7851-2294-4.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Manning "2000s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 323: "Writer Brian Michael Bendis would turn the Avengers' world on its end with this shocking new crossover event drawn by artist David Finch. "
- ↑ Bendis, Brain Michael; Coipel, Olivier (2006). House of M. Marvel Comics. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-7851-1721-6.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Cowsill, Alan "2000s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 289: "Spider-Man had always been thought of as a solo hero and one who wouldn't work well in a team. Writer Brian Michael Bendis shattered that myth in the mid-2000s when he made Spidey a member of the New Avengers."
- ↑ Manning "2000s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 324: "Superstar writer Brian Michael Bendis and artist David Finch relaunched the title under the name The New Avengers. The comic focused more on Marvel's arguably most popular super heroes."
- ↑ Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Cho, Frank (p), Cho, Frank (i). "The Mighty Avengers" The Mighty Avengers 1 (May 2007)
- ↑ Manning "2000s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 335: "With the help of artist Frank Cho, [Brian Michael] Bendis created the Mighty Avengers, a government-sponsored team that would serve as the antithesis to the still-underground New Avengers."
- ↑ "Thor is an Avenger". Comic Book Resources. 2010-02-05. Archived from the original on 2010-02-07. Retrieved 2010-02-05.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Richards, Dave (2010-02-19). "Bendis Assembles His Avengers". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on 2010-03-28. Retrieved 2010-03-02.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Secret Avengers Creative Team Announced". Comic Book Resources. 2010-02-08. Archived from the original on 2010-02-10. Retrieved 2010-02-08.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Luke Cage is a New Avenger Again". Comic Book Resources. 2010-03-01. Archived from the original on 2010-03-03. Retrieved 2010-03-02.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Richards, Dave (2010-03-16). "Christos Gage Enrolls at Avengers Academy". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on 2013-05-19. Retrieved 2011-02-01.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Cornell, Paul (w), Kirk, Leonard (p), Kirk, Leonard (i). "Diplomatic Incident" Age of Heroes 1 (July 2010)
- ↑ Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Romita Jr., John (p), Janson, Klaus; Palmer, Tom (i). "A favor? What sort of favor would you ask of Ultron, Tony Stark?"" The Avengers v4, 6 (December 2010)
- ↑ Loeb, Jeph (w), McGuinness, Ed (p), Farmer, Mark (i). "The Strongest There Is" The Hulk v2, 24 (October 2010)
- ↑ Parker, Jeff (w), Hardman, Gabriel (a). "Scorched Earth Part 1: Singularity" The Hulk v2, 25 (November 2010)
- ↑ Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Acuña, Daniel (p), Acuña, Daniel (i). "I don't know" The Avengers v4, 19 (January 2012)
- ↑ Morse, Ben (2012-08-01). "Marvel NOW! Q&A: Uncanny Avengers". Marvel Comics. Archived from the original on 2013-05-19.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Melrose, Kevin (2012-09-04). "Marvel Reveals Weaver's Interlocking Avengers Covers". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on 2013-05-19. Retrieved 2012-11-10.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Uzumeri, David (2012-08-06). "Marvel NOW! Q&A: Avengers". Marvel Comics. Archived from the original on 2013-05-19. Retrieved 2012-08-09.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Barbiere, Frank J. Barbiere; Spencer, Nick (w), Checchetto, Marco (p), Checchetto, Marco (i). Avengers World 15 (January 2015)
- ↑ Remender, Rick (w), Dodson, Terry (p), Doodson, Rachel (i). "Inversion: Chapter 3" Avengers & X-Men: AXIS 6 (January 2015)
- ↑ Hickman, Jonathan (w), Cheung, Jim; Medina, Paco; Bradshaw, Nick; Weaver, Dustin (p), Morales, Mark; Ortega, Guillermo; Vlasco, Juan; Bradshaw, Nick; Weaver, Dustin (i). "The Three Avengers" The Avengers v5, 35 (November 2014)
- ↑ Glut, Don (w), Kupperberg, Alan (p), Black, Bill (i). "What If ... the Avengers Had Been Formed During the 1950's?" What If ... ? 9 (June 1978)
- ↑ Busiek, Kurt; Stern, Roger; Pacheco, Carlos (2011). Avengers Forever. Marvel Comics. p. 328. ISBN 978-0-7851-3752-8.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Parker, Jeff (w), Kirk, Leonard (p), Justice, Kris (i). "The Golden History" Agents of Atlas 1 (October 2006)
- ↑ Millar, Mark; Hitch, Bryan (2006). The Ultimates Vol. 1: Super-Human. Marvel Comics. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-7851-0960-0.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Millar, Mark; Hitch, Bryan (2006). The Ultimates Vol. 2: Homeland Security. Marvel Comics. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-7851-1078-1.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Millar, Mark (w), Hitch, Bryan (p), Neary, Paul (i). "Independence Day" The Ultimates 2 13 (February 2007)
- ↑ Millar, Mark (w), Dillon, Steve (p), Lanning, Andy (i). "Blade Versus The Avengers Part 1 of 6" Ultimate Comics: Avengers 13 (October 2010)
- ↑ Millar, Mark; Yu, Leinil Francis (2011). Ultimate Comics Avengers Vol. 2: Crime and Punishment. Marvel Comics. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-7851-3671-2.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Millar, Mark; Dillon, Steve (2011). Ultimate Comics Avengers: Blade Vs. the Avengers. Marvel Comics. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-7851-4009-2.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Stern, Roger; Busiek, Kurt (w), Pacheco, Carlos (p), Merino, Jesus (i). "Running Out of Time" Avengers Forever 4 (March 1999)
Stern, Roger; Busiek, Kurt (w), Pacheco, Carlos (p), Merino, Jesus (i). "Past Imperfect… Future Tense!" Avengers Forever 5 (April 1999)
Stern, Roger; Busiek, Kurt (w), Pacheco, Carlos (p), Merino, Jesus (i). "In the Meantime... In Between Times…" Avengers Forever 6 (May 1999)
- ↑ Vaughan, Brian K. (w), Alphona, Adrian (p), Yeung, Craig (i). "True Believers Chapter One" Runaways v2, 1 (April 2005)
- ↑ Vaughan, Brian K. (w), Alphona, Adrian (p), Yeung, Craig (i). "True Believers Chapter Two" Runaways v2, 2 (May 2005)
- ↑ Kirkman, Robert; Phillips, Sean (2007). Marvel Zombies. Marvel Comics. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-7851-2014-8.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Van Lente, Fred (w), Alves, Wellington (p), Hanna, Scott (i). "What's my number one?" Marvel Zombies Return 5 (November 2009)
- ↑ Gage, Christos; Perkins, Mike (2008). House of M: Avengers. Marvel Comics. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-7851-2750-5.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Kavanagh, Terry (w), Pacheco, Carlos (p), Smith, Cam (i). "Last Stand" X-Universe 1 (May 1995)
- ↑ Kavanagh, Terry (w), Pacheco, Carlos; Dodson, Terry (p), Smith, Cam; Riggs, Robin (i). "Dying Breath" X-Universe 2 (June 1995)
- ↑ David, Peter (w), Sliney, Will (p), Sliney, Will (i). "Nueva York. The year 2099" Secret Wars 2099 1 (July 2015)
- ↑ From issue #41, all issues share legacy numbering for both volumes 1 and 3 on covers
- ↑ Series returns to original numbering
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