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We are delighted to announce the second IS3P that will inspire us all again. Beside the outstanding scientific programme, Antalya,the fourth most visited city on the World, will mesmerize you.
Building on the unequivocal success of the first meeting in Istanbul in 2012, we hope that each one of us will find something encouraging in this academy to shape our further studies. The comprehensive conference program will ensure the coverage of all issues on the pro/prebiotics, infant formulas and evidence-based benefits of functional foods .
The goal of this second international pediatric symposium "Reunion of Experts" is to increase the awareness on clinical impact of pro/prebiotics and functional foods in childhood health and disorders. Universally acclaimed faculty of this outstanding symposium will absolutely enrich your horizons.
Join us to have a unique opportunity to be engaged in the miraculous world of microbes and molecules.
Prof. Dr. Metehan Ozen
On behalf of Organizing Committee


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Michelle Trachtenberg & Rob Lowe: 'Killing Kennedy' Premiere!
Michelle Trachtenberg strikes a pose while attending the premiere of Killing Kennedy held at the Saban Theatre on Monday (November 4) in Beverly Hills, Calif.
The 28-year-old actress was joined at the event by her co-stars Rob Lowe, Will Rothhaar, Jack Noseworthy, screenwriter Kelly Masterson, and director of the TV movie Nelson McCormick.
PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of Michelle Trachtenberg
Killing Kennedy focuses on the events leading up to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy (Lowe) and what happened after the killing – it premieres this Sunday (November 10) at 10pm EST on National Geographic.
10+ pictures inside of Michelle Trachtenberg and others at the premiere of Killing Kennedy…

subset: commoncrawl


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|Sudden vision Changes
Feb 13, 2013
I have been on EPZICOM (abacavir) and SELZENTRY 150 mg (maraviroc) for about 18 or 20 monthes.... Lats January i had my eyes checked at Dean A McGee Eye institute.. They checked for everything;; Cataracs, Glocoma, vision... Then 7 monthes later i started having Blurred Vision in my Left eye... i made another appointment, at tha eye institute... They discovered a catarac.... I have read tha sheet of paper the pharmacy give me with all my meds; so I know tha side effects, quite well... Selzentry lists VISION CHANGES and Epzicom lists SUDDEN VISION CHANGES.... My Question is, 2 fold:: 1. could my vision change be linked to drug side effects?? 2. why did the Dr.s act like I was looking for someone to blame, when I brought this to thier attention ?????
Response from Dr. Henry
Cataracts are common in general population with aging (increased risk also from exposure to X-rays, diabetes, and some medications such as steroids) without clear evidence of a significantly increased rate in HIV infection. There is some information suggesting that HIV infection may lead to a modest increased risk for early cataract formation. I have not seen a clear signal from the literature or from our own patient population linking Epzicom and/or maraviroc to increased risk for cataract. If any reader has personal experience with that or knows of a relevant published reference please post. KH
35 years of medication toll on my body?
Rashes/Dark Red Patches will they go away?
- Is Dizziness A Symptom Of Acute HIV Infection?
- Oral Ulcers After Licking Vagina Sign Of HIV AIDS
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H100-300 Red (shown above)
The Homespun Fat Quarters are cut from our quality 100% cotton homespun fabric. These fat quarters are great for your customers quilting projects.
12 PC Fat Quarter Bundles in five color ways
Homespun Swatch Ring
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The swatch ring price is listed on the price sheet; however, if within the first 12 months of purchasing this ring you purchase $2500 of any products, we will reimburse the cost of the ring by issuing credit to your account to be used on your next order.
Wholesale customers, please click here to login.


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Oct. 8, 2004
CAMBRIDGE, MASS. - In its last match of the fall season, the MIT men's tennis team defeated Brandeis University, 5-2, on Thursday. With the win, the Engineers finish with a 2-1 record.
Evan Tindell and Tom Dohlman picked up the only doubles win for Tech, posting a 9-7 victory in the top spot. Eric Beren and Mark Egan fell, 8-6, in the No. 2 position while Kevin Durand and Krishna Pokala lost, 8-4. In singles play, Tindell won his match in the No. 1 position, 6-4, 6-2. Beren had a three-set victory, taking the No. 2 match, 6-1, 0-6, 6-3. Dohlman earned a 6-1, 6-4 win while Egan defeated his No. 4 singles opponent, 6-1, 7-5. Durand dropped his match in the No. 5 slot, 2-6, 6-1, 6-4. Jonathan Farm notched the final win for the Engineers, earning a 7-5, 7-5 victory in the No. 6 position.


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STARmeterTop 5000
Up 433 this week
Michael Kenneth Williams
Michael Kenneth Williams was born in Brooklyn, to an African-American father from South Carolina and a Bahamian mother from Nassau. He was raised in the Vandaveer housing projects in East Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York City, and attended George Westinghouse Career and Technical Education High School. According to a DNA analysis, he is partly ... See full bio »
More at IMDbPro » Contact Info: View agent, publicist, legal on IMDbPro


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We already previewed all the items from the new A.P.C. + Carhartt Fall/Winter 2012 Collection and today we show you the lookbook for the 3rd collaborative effort of the two brands. The collection is modeled by none other than A.P.C.'s Jean Touitou and Carhartt WIP's Arnaud Faeh.
"A.P.C.'s Jean Touitou and Carhartt´s Arnaud Faeh both hate the concept of collaboration. What then should we make of the Carhartt + A.P.C. collection, now in it's third incarnation?
In their words it is simple: "Boat Mates". It is the birth of a new brand by a group of guys Who are friends foremost but also happen to run very popular, successful brands. That is, the Carhartt + A.P.C. project is not the construct of some faceless marketing executive but rather an organic development between Touitou and the team at Carhartt, creating product using instinct as the principal guide."
Look out for the collection to arrive at Carhartt retailers and A.P.C. stores soon.
Photography: Ezra Petronio
- Source: Carhartt


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Sunday looks like it will be strong up and down the coast, but today leaves me guessing.
The computer models on ikitesurf don't look that promising.
NWS marine coastal forecast is generally for NW 15-25 knots decreasing to 10-20 knots as a ridge builds in later this afternoon.
Winds at the bouys have been decreasing over the early morning, so is this the sign of the ridge building already? That said, SF and Bodega show a slight uptick in the past hour. Ft Funston is reporting 17mph, so OB is probably working now.
So what is the call?


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CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – On the strength of seven first-place finishes, MIT increased its lead during Saturday's finals session in the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC) Men's Swimming and Diving Championship. The host Engineers raised their total to 769 points while the U.S. Coast Guard Academy maintained its position in second place with a tally of 517. Springfield College continued to rank third with 346 points. The three-day competition concludes on Sunday at 11:00 a.m.
In the 200 medley relay, MIT's squad of Ryan TerBush, Michael Liao, Wyatt Ubellacker, and Craig Cheney earned an NCAA "B" standard with a time of 1:31.85. The "B" relay contingent comprised of Scott Stephens, David Parrell, Toomas Sepp, and Tony Chen won the consolation final in 1:34.68.
Brendan Deveney's time of 4:02.59 in the 400 individual medley broke the meet record set by Tim Stumbaugh last season, who finished as a runner-up this year with a time of 4:05.61. Both marks met the NCAA provisional qualifying standard. Jeffrey Lin (4:07.96) and Remy Mock (4:09.50) followed in third and fourth place, respectively, while Eric Roselli rounded out the Engineers with an eighth-place finish (4:22.29).
Ubellacker established a new meet record in the 100 butterfly with a time of 49.15, besting the record set by WPI's Joel Rousseau in 2006 by .14 seconds. Toomas Sepp touched the wall in 49.86, resulting in another pair of NCAA "B" cuts for the Engineers. MIT picked up additional points in the championship final courtesy of Kevin Lang (51.17, fourth place) and Brett Boval (51.28, fifth place).
Colby Dunn received the first NCAA automatic qualification of the meet by finishing in 1:39.69 in the 200 freestyle. Tony Chen captured second place with a time of 1:42.45. Carlo Biedenharn placed third (1:42.66) as Andrew Pierson (1:42.86) completed the Engineers' second top-four sweep. In the consolation final, Michael Dobson finished ninth (1:43.63) while Stephens (1:44.92, 13th) and Max Pruner (1:45.16, 14th) came in right behind each other.
In the 100 breaststroke, MIT placed four swimmers in the top eight. Liao led the way with a first-place finish and an NCAA "B" cut time of 56.53 while David Parrell followed in second place with a 58.09. Michael Veldman clinched fourth (59.39) as Sepp was sixth (59.70).
The Engineers saw five athletes pick up points in the 200 backstroke. TerBush led the way with an NCAA "B" cut time of 51.80 for a third-place finish as Stumbaugh (52.36) and Brendan Liu (52.46) ranked fifth and sixth, respectively. Ron Rosenberg recorded the top time in the consolation final with a 52.66 while Boval finished 12th in 54.52.
MIT closed the evening by breaking the meet record it set two years ago in the 800 free relay. The quartet of Deveney, Carlo Biedenharn, Andrew Pierson, and Dunn clocked in at 6:50.34 which also met the NCAA provisional qualifying standard. The "B" relay featuring Dobson, Timothy Wall, Parrell, and Pruner secured eighth-place with a time of 6:58.34.
Team Standings (Through Day 2)
|2. U.S. Coast Guard Academy
|3. Springfield College
|4. Wheaton College
|6. Clark University
|7. Babson College
2011 NEWMAC Men's Swimming and Diving All-Conference Teams
(Event Winners Earn All-Conference First-Team Honors)
|First Team
|Second Team
|200 Medley Relay
(Ryan TerBush, Michael Liao, Wyatt Ubellacker, Craig Cheney)
|Wheaton - 1:35.43
(Ben Sabol, Sam Dean-Lee, Zach Fichman-Klein, Emerson Jenkins)
|400 Individual Medley
|Brendan Deveney (MIT) - 4:02.59 B !
|Tim Stumbaugh (MIT) - 4:05.61 B
|100 Butterfly
|Wyatt Ubellacker (MIT) - 49.15 B !
|Toomas Sepp (MIT) - 49.86 B
|200 Freestyle
|Colby Dunn (MIT) - 1:39.69 A
|Tony Chen (MIT) - 1:42.45
|100 Breaststroke
|Michael Liao (MIT) - 56.53 B
|David Parrell (MIT) - 58.09
|100 Backstroke
|Ryan Garr (Clark) - 50.99
|Josh Ernst (Springfield) - 51.69
|800 Freestyle Relay
(Brendan Deveney, Carlo Biedenharn, Andrew Pierson, Colby Dunn)
|Springfield - 6:56.85
(Nolan Manley, Scott Peters, Jason Scotto, Josh Ernst)
|1-Meter Diving
|Brooks Farrar (Springfield) - 524.00 B
|Brian Sobel (Springfield) - 521.45 B
A - Denotes NCAA Division III National Championship qualifying A standard (automatic)
B - Denotes NCAA Division III National Championship qualifying B standard (provisional)
! – Denotes NEWMAC Meet Record


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Thursday, April 14, 2011
Real Texas BBQ
One of the great things about Texas is that even in the snooty, hoity-toity areas, like the Houston Galleria neighborhood, you can find tasty 'que. Brisket that is soft and tender, but still has some chew to it and a pure, smoky goodness. Links that burst with juice and spice when you bite into them and get even better dipped in a vinegar/mustard sauce. All of it served on large sheets of butcher paper with sweet pickles, sides and the obligatory though, to me, still confounding slices of generic white bread.
Texans, for whom barbecue is something akin to relgion, may not consider this place top tier, but for a visiting Californian, it's a slice of smoky heaven.
Luling City Market
4726 Richmond Avenue
Houston, TX 77027
(713) 871-1903
1 comment:
- Karaoke steve said...
The white bread slices are the "Bitter Herb" which reminds us of the trials and tribulations of childhood in America.
- April 16, 2011 at 2:11 PM
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Product Details
Michael Kors Women's 'Hudson' Rose Gold-tone Glitz Chronograph Watch
Michael Kors is the leading American fashion designer for luxury accessories and sportswear. The company's heritage is rooted in producing polished, sleek, sophisticated American sportswear with a jet-set attitude. -Case: Stainless Steel,-Caseback: Stainless steel, snap-down,-Bezel: Stainless Steel, Stationary,-Stone Accents: Cubic Zirconia,-Hands: Hour, minute, second, chronograph,-Markers: Bars,-Subdials: Second, Minute, Hour Totalizer,-Calendar: Date,-Additional Features: Seconds hand,-Bracelet: Stainless Steel,-Clasp: Deployment Clasp,-Crystal: Mineral,-Crown: Push/pull,-Movement: Quartz,-Water resistance: 50M,-Case measurements: 35 mm wide x 35 mm long x 10 mm thick,-Bracelet measurements: 20 mm wide x 7.5 in long,-Model: MK5571, All measurements are approximate and may vary slightly from the listed dimensions. Womens watch bands can be sized to fit 6.5-inch to 7.5-inch wrists.
- Band Material: stainless-steel, Case Material: stainless-steel
- Band Width: 20MM, Case Diameter: 35MM
- Clasp Type: deployment-clasp, Calendar Type: date
- Water Resistance Depth: 50 M
Michael Kors Women's 'Hudson' Rose Gold-tone Glitz Chronograph Watch
- Dimensions: 4.0 inches (H) x 12.0 inches (W) x 8.0 inches (L)
- Weight: 0.31 pounds
- Included in the box: One watch
- Made in China
For post-purchase inquiries, please contact customer support.
Sold by Groupon Goods. View the FAQ to learn more.


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If you're still unsuccessful, please email us and we can send you another copy in a different format.


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Aphids survive in cotton fields on their ability as opportunists. Populations wax and wane depending on crop conditions, availability of predators and insecticides farmers choose to control other pests. Aphids like cotton with too much nitrogen and too thin stands.
At high levels, they can take a significant bite out of potential yield.
And this year, farmers may do well to sacrifice a little yield to the pests in exchange for efficient, economical controls that prevent heavy losses late in the season.
Wait and see may be the best advice farmers can follow in a year when profit, even with near perfect conditions, could be marginal, says Texas A&M Extension entomologist Jim Leser, at Lubbock.
"Rarely, do aphids become a problem in cotton until late July or early August,' Leser says. Scouting and judicious use of selected insecticides are keys to economical control.
Leser says farmers also should follow proven cultural practices to minimize aphid populations.
"Nitrogen plays an important role," he says. "Farmers should address the crop's nitrogen needs through the growing season. If they apply more nitrogen than target yields justify, they may see more aphid problems in July and August."
Leser says many farmers have neglected to soil test the last few years and added more nitrogen than the crop needed. "Many will try to economize this year and lower their yield target. If they do, they need to reduce nitrogen as well."
Leser says a uniform stand also helps keep aphid populations down. "With low plant populations, we see more aphid problems."
Leser says some cotton stands were not uniform early because of cool, damp growing conditions. "Most will achieve full stands as conditions improve," he says.
The most important factor in reducing aphids, Leser says, is insecticide selection.
"Don't use pyrethroids for early-season pest control. That will affect aphid populations later. We see no reason to apply pyrethroids until August in the High Plains."
He cautions against controlling beet armyworms or cutworms early with pyrethroids, "even though they are cheap this year. Some growers may consider using them for thrips control, but we have better options."
Leser says Larvin, a good, effective insecticide when used at the right time, also may flare aphid populations if used early. "It's hard on lady beetles," he explains. "We have research to back that up."
Leser says growers have Provado and Furadan available for aphid control, if they reach economic thresholds in late July or August. "Centric also may be available this year."
He recommends farmers scout thoroughly for the pests and be cautious about applying insecticides too soon. Current treatment threshold, 50 aphids per leaf, should not necessarily trigger a spray application this year.
"Scout frequently, at least twice a week when you know aphid populations are building. Also, 50 per leaf is not a magic trigger number. We don't recommend an automatic insecticide application when populations reach that level."
He says aphid numbers change rapidly, up and down. "We may find 25 per leaf and then 50 four days later. In another four days, population may be up to 55 or 60. Still, wait for another three or four days. If it hits 100 per leaf, I would treat."
He says some growers may be concerned that when aphid populations reach the 50 per leaf threshold they will not be able to control them quickly enough to prevent damage.
"At that level, they are not causing much loss," he says, "maybe $8 to $10 per acre. I would want to see 50 per leaf in consecutive checks before considering an application."
He still recommends caution. "If populations continue to hang around 65 per leaf, we can't justify spraying this year," he says. "We're not getting that much damage in cotton that's beginning boll-fill."
He says farmers also need to look at beneficial insect populations, especially ladybugs, when determining when to treat aphids.
Leser advises against spraying aphids to prevent sticky cotton this year. "We have to let rain take care of washing the honey dew off the lint," he says. "Also, mills can blend cotton to eliminate the problem."
Leser recommends careful scouting. "Look at the whole field, not just the trouble spots," he says. "Growers may have a tendency to check the worst areas and then skew their judgment on what's actually in the field. That goes for aphids and other pests as well."
He recommends walking through a field and selecting test sites at random.
"Check the top-most, fully expanded main stem leaf and one in the middle of the plant. Also, learn to get a visual idea of populations. We can't take time to count 50 aphids on each leaf, so learn to identify what a cluster of 10 to 15 aphids looks like on a small part of a leaf."
He advises farmers who do not use consultants to evaluate a treatment soon after it's made.
"If control fails, contact the applicator and correct the problem immediately. Inadequate aphid control will cause populations to explode. Treatments remove beneficials and also knock aphid numbers down without eliminating them. That spurs reproduction. Crowding actually limits reproduction."
Leser says proper nozzle placement and type also affect aphid control. "Make certain to set nozzles to apply material down the plant stem. Also, hollow cone nozzles provide better coverage for insect control than will flat nozzles, which are preferred for herbicide application.
"Don't skimp on spray volume. It is a false economy to reduce volume and jeopardize coverage. By ground, apply at least 10 gallons of spray volume per acre. For aerial application, use 3 gallons per acre."
Leser says aphid pressure has not been an issue early this season. "But they have seen problems in south Texas where aphid populations appear heavier than usual. We don't know what that may mean later for the High Plains."
e-mail: email@example.com
Editor's note: This is part seven of our Cotton 101 series, focused on producing the most efficient crop possible under challenging economic conditions. Subsequent articles will deal with late-season insect control.
Sacrifice a little to save a lot
By Ron Smith
Farm Press Editorial Staff
High Plains cotton farmers looking for ways to reduce insect control costs on what will be a marginal crop, at best, have two options, says a Texas A&M Extension entomologist.
"First, they can try season-long control with lower rates, cheaper pesticides or nothing at all," says Jim Leser, of the Lubbock Extension and Research Center.
"Or they can follow a control strategy to avoid big losses."
The latter probably makes more sense in a depressed economy, he says.
On one hand, farmers can ill afford to lose much to insect pests, but, on the other, they can't afford to spend a lot of money to protect a crop that may not return a profit.
"It makes sense to let the little losses go and avoid the big ones," Leser says.
He says if growers follow treatment thresholds "to the letter," they protect the crop from small losses. "But we can't afford to treat insects at current threshold levels this year," he says. "We can take a little more damage."
Currently, bollworm thresholds kick in when scouts find 10,000 per acre. "But an infestation right at threshold will not cause much damage, perhaps $8 to $10 per acre. We can live with that, if we can avoid the big losses, 100 to 200 pounds per acre."
Leser says growers can improve efficiency with better insecticide selection and application timing, better coverage, and accurate scouting.
"But this year, we can't afford to attempt absolute control."


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That First Set of Wheels: Ride On Toys
You have a while until you have to really hand over the keys and watch your kid ride off into the sunset, but here are some starter wheels to consider for toddlers and preschoolers.
1. Ride On with Shape Sorter, $25. A riding toy and sorting toy in one.
2. Wonderworld Ride On Recycling Truck, $120: Made from rubberwood using safe, water-based paint. There is also a firetruck or zebra version.
3. Wishbone Flip Bike, $150: It's a rocker, it's a roller - it's both. Suitable for indoors and outdoors and made from 100% reforested birch plywood.
4. Trike 'n' Trailer, $80: For indoor or outdoor use, kids can ride as just a trike or attach the trailer for moving toys, rocks, etc. around. Made of solid maple.
5. Roly Poly, $150: Made in the USA from maple and ash, this ride on is classic and beautiful.
6. Wheely Bug, $60 (sm) or $70 (lg): On multidirectional castors for easy indoor maneuvering. 5 different animals available.
7. Svan Creativity Cruiser, $80: One of the best looking ride ons out there and can accommodate a wider size range than many riding toys. Also available in natural finish.
8. Rock n Rolla, $63: Starts as a rocker and wheels can be added when your child is ready. Also available as a dog or cow.
9. Mishi Designs Swing Up, $88. Easily converts between a rocker or ride on. In red/blue or green/orange.


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Liberty News
More theatre students earn Irene Ryan nominations
For each show in the 2011-12 academic season at the Tower Theater, Liberty University students have earned Irene Ryan nominations for exceptional acting, design and/or management. The honors come from the Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival (KCACTF), a national theater program that involves more than 18,000 college students. Nominees are eligible for a regional competition next February where they will have a chance to win scholarships.
"It's like being nominated for a Tony Award at the college level. It means they have risen as the cream of the crop," said Linda Nell Cooper, chair and director of theatre programs and director of the new Alluvion Stage Company.
The awards are named after late actress Irene Ryan, best known for playing Granny Clampett in The Beverly Hilbillies. In its last four shows, the Department of Theatre Arts has had a combined nine students nominated for the awards:
James Bock (Little Shop of Horrors)
Sarah Seaman (Little Shop of Horrors)
Jamie Cloutier (Romeo & Juliet)
Ruth Hitchcock (Romeo & Juliet)
Zachary Battiste (Ragtime)
Carson Burkett (Ragtime)
Taamu Wuya (Ragtime)
Gordon Lewanowicz (The 39 Steps)
Kyle Rodgers (The 39 Steps)
All were nominated for acting, with the exception of Battiste, who was selected for stage management.
In the first show of the student season, Oklahoma!, three students received Irene Ryan nominations and two faculty members received merit awards of excellence from the KCACTF (read the full story here).
Currently, Tower Theater is housing Alluvion's inaugural show, Peter Pan, which will run through April 29. Alluvion is a professional, non-profit theater company that seeks to provide a family environment for the community.


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Motel 6 Lakehurst properties are listed below. Search for cheap and discount Motel 6 hotel rooms in Lakehurst, NJ for your family, individual or group travels. We list the best Motel 6 Lakehurst lodging properties so you can review the Lakehurst Motel 6 hotel list below to find the perfect place.
This site will also list discounted Lakehurst, NJ hotels/motels that get similar quality scores of a Motel 6.
How should we direct your call?


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"Spirexual" is the combination of sexuality and spirituality. It is the dawning and entanglement of sexual acceptance as well an an embrace of spirituality.
Friday, February 6, 2009
Word of the Gay: "Spirexual"
Posted by Queers United at 12:00 AM
5 comments:
CUMMMON. You're just making this up.
- February 6, 2009 at 1:05 AM
- Queers United said...
lol there are too many fabulous words out there, this one comes from the book Gay Spirituality by Roger Lanphear.
- February 6, 2009 at 11:36 AM
- T. R Xands said...
Something about that word composition bothers the hell out of me...spirexual sounds like a pill...but it is an interesting concept.
- February 6, 2009 at 5:08 PM
- Queers United said...
lol really? i think it's kinda cool, what pill does it sound like? forget viagra, try spirexual!
- February 6, 2009 at 5:30 PM
- T. R Xands said...
Yeah pretty much, or something you'd take for a heart condition...I dunno, it just comes off the tongue a little weird :P oh well.
- February 6, 2009 at 7:46 PM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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More D.C. area commuters leaving the driving to others, census data show
Thursday, December 16, 2010; 12:00 AM
In a region long dominated by solo drives to work, more Washington area residents are abandoning their cars and taking public transportation to work, according to new census data that reveal a noticeable shift in commuting patterns over the past five years.
Only New Yorkers take the subway to work more than Washingtonians do, and all forms of public transit showed gains in riders between 2005 and 2009.
During that period, 14 percent of the area's commuters used public transportation, up from 11 percent in the 2000 Census, according to a Washington Post analysis of American Community Survey statistics. Meanwhile, the percentage of solo drivers edged downward, from 68 percent in 2000 to 66 percent in the past half of the decade.
Transportation experts said the gains in public transit were in part the result of higher gas prices but also reflected the influx of younger residents who refuse to spend long hours in the car. Many of those in their 20s and 30s have chosen to live in vibrant neighborhoods along bus, Metro and rail lines, even if it means sacrificing the suburban amenities of their childhoods.
"They came of age in an environment of urbane media influences, watching 'Friends' and 'Seinfeld,' not 'Leave It to Beaver,' " said Shyam Kannan of the Bethesda-based real estate advisory firm RCLCO.
"They watched their parents spend hours on the road, and they're not into that," Kannan added. "This is a group that is lifestyle conscious and time conscious, and they've decided they would rather be texting and tweeting from the Metro."
The gains in public transportation, while small, are nevertheless significant in an area choked with traffic.
"The good news is that it only takes a few percentage points to make a difference in easing some of the problems on our roadways," said Stewart Schwartz, executive director of the Coalition for Smarter Growth.
Some say the census statistics actually understate the growing popularity of public transportation. They fail to account for people who carpool, ride Metro a couple times a week, or drive to a Park and Ride lot and take the bus the rest of the way.
"It just captures one slice of travel behavior," said Dennis Leach, transportation director for Arlington County, where the use of the county's bus service rose 30 percent last year. "It doesn't allow for the richer trips people are taking using more than one mode in a given day."
Commuters base their decisions on how to get to work on what saves them the most time and money, said Nick Ramfos, director of Commuter Connections at the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, which does a commuting survey every three years.
"Whenever there are spikes in gas prices, we get people saying, 'I can't do this every single day,' " he said.


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Here is a pattern to make a cute little mini purse. Quick and easy to make with few materials needed. Little girls love these.
Items needed:
- 9 x 12 inch felt rectangle, sold at most craft departments
- Glue, all purpose craft glue or fabric glue
- Scissors
- 1 yard of colored cord
- Buttons or beads for decoration
- Sticky Velcro dot
- Print pattern on paper and cut out.
- Lay pattern on felt piece and trace. You can alter the size to be smaller or larger, according to your preference.
- Cut out felt and fold at fold lines.
- Glue sides together and let dry.
- Fold top flap down and then cut a piece of felt to decorate the front of flap, if desired. Many options here. You can cut various shapes to achieve fun looks.
- Punch a small hole (can use hole puncher) at back of flap, where top of inside of purse begins. This should be about 1/3 inch from outside of felt so fabric does not tear.
- Insert cording through hole, from the back. Pull in about 2 inches and glue to inside of purse.
- Glue buttons or beads to outside of purse. Let dry thoroughly.
- Attach velcro dot as a closure under center of flap.


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Brand Label: Jerome Dreyfuss
ITEM MOVED TO ARCHIVE: On April 30, 2018 7:57 pm, Fashion Stylist Online noted this item may be out of stock at Shopbop because it was not referenced in their latest online catalog. If this item is out of stock at Shopbop, you may be able to find similar fashions sold there or elsewhere on our Jerome Dreyfuss Designer Brand Directory.
Available for Purchase Online at Shopbop for $590.00Pin It
A sophisticated Jerome Dreyfuss handbag in rich leather. Wraparound zips accent the sides, and a covered magnet secures the top flap. Lined interior with 3 compartments and a detachable mirror. Optional chain shoulder strap. Mini flashlight and dust bag included. Leather: Lambskin. Weight: 21oz / 0.6kg. Imported, Morocco. Measurements Height: 5.75in / 14.5cm Length: 9in / 23cm Depth: 3in / 7.5cm Strap drop: 20in / 51cm.
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This item was published for sale online by Shopbop on April 30, 2018 7:14 pm and last updated by us April 30, 2018 7:57 pm.
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This Linzer heart cookies recipe is a little time-consuming to make, but the results are so beautiful and delicious that you won't mind the extra effort. The cinnamon-scented hazelnut dough is cut into heart shapes, then baked and sandwiched with raspberry preserves. This lovely cookie is reminiscent of the finest Linzertorte. These cookies bake up crisp but soften when they come in contact with the preserves, and soften even more if stored in an airtight container. The dough is on the soft side, so handle it with care.–Sarabeth Levine
LC Heart's In the Right Place Note
These Linzer hearts are no ordinary cookies. Not in flavor, not in texture, not in aroma. And not in the coming together. They're a little something of a labor of love, given that the dough can be a tad crumbly if the barometric pressure at that moment isn't on your side. So if, perchance, the dough rips as you roll it out, simply pat it back into place. And not to worry if what results appears to be slightly imperfect. A sprinkling of confectioners' sugar hides all manner of sins. Besides, even if your Linzer hearts cookies aren't quite the perfect shape, your heart most definitely is in the perfect place.
Linzer Heart Cookies
- Quick Glance
- Makes about 36 heart cookies
Special Equipment: You'll need a 2 1/4 -inch heart-shaped cookie cutter (measured across its widest point) to make these little lovelies.
- 3/4 cup (3 ounces) raw hazelnuts
- 2 1/2 cups pastry or unbleached cake flour, plus more for the work surface
- 1 to 1 1/4 teaspoons ground cinnamon, as your love of cinnamon dictates
- 1/2 teaspoon baking powder
- 1/8 teaspoon fine sea salt
- 12 tablespoons (1 1/2 sticks) unsalted butter, at room temperature, cut into 1/2-inch pieces
- 1/2 cup plus 1 tablespoon superfine sugar (or just blitz granulated sugar in a blender until finely ground but not powdery)
- 1 large egg, at room temperature, lightly beaten
- Confectioners' sugar, for dusting
- 1. Adjust the oven rack to the center position and preheat the oven to 350ºF (176°C).
- 2. Spread the hazelnuts on a rimmed baking sheet and toast until the skins split, about 10 minutes. Working quickly, place the warm hazelnuts, a handful at a time, in a kitchen towel and rub together to remove the skin (some skin may remain on the nuts; this is okay). Repeat. Let cool completely and turn off the oven.
- 3. In a food processor fitted with the metal blade, process the cooled nuts with 1/2 cup of the flour until the nuts are finely ground. Transfer to a bowl and combine with the remaining 2 cups flour, the cinnamon, baking powder, and salt.
- 4. Beat the butter and superfine sugar with a standing mixer fitted with the paddle attachment on medium-high speed until light in color and texture, about 5 minutes. Gradually beat in the egg. Reduce the speed to low and add the flour mixture. The dough will be rather moist. Place the dough on a large piece of plastic wrap. Wrap it loosely and shape it into a 1-inch-thick rectangle. Refrigerate until chilled, 1 to 2 hours.
- 5. Adjust your oven racks to the center and top third positions and preheat the oven to 350ºF (176°C). Line 2 baking sheets with parchment paper.
- 6. Divide the chilled dough in half. Place one portion of dough on a lightly floured work surface, and sprinkle the top with flour. Return the other half to the refrigerator. Roll the dough into a 1/8–inch-thick rectangle. Using a 2 1/4 inch-heart-shaped cookie cutter dipped in flour, quickly cut out the cookies and transfer them to the prepared baking sheets. The dough is delicate, so you'll probably find it easiest to move the hearts with a floured offset metal spatula. Gather up the scraps of dough and set them aside. Repeat rolling and cutting out the cookies with the other half of the dough from the fridge. Place the baking sheets in the refrigerator. Combine the dough scraps into a 1/2-inch-thick rectangle, wrap in plastic wrap, and refrigerate until lightly chilled, about 10 minutes. Repeat the rolling and cutting with the scraps until all of the dough has been used. Refrigerate until well chilled, at least 30 minutes.
- 7. Bake the cookies straight from the refrigerator, switching the position of the baking pans from top to bottom and front to back, until the edges are lightly browned, 15 to 17 minutes. Transfer the pans to wire racks and allow the cookies to cool completely on the pans.
- 8. Arrange the Linzer heart cookies from one of the baking sheets with their flat undersides facing up. Spoon about 1/2 teaspoon of raspberry preserves in the center of each cookie. Sandwich with one of the remaining cookies, flat sides facing. Cover with parchment and let stand at least 8 hours or overnight to set. (The heart cookies can be stored in an airtight container, with the layers separated by parchment paper, for up to 5 days. Note, they will soften considerably when stored.) Just before serving, sift confectioners' sugar over the cookies.
If you make this recipe, snap a photo and hashtag it #LeitesCulinaria. We'd love to see your creations on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter.


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And that may be why Gillis & Co focus in on those overagers - they are largely ignored by other teams! And this is especially the case when kids like Mallet do not at all stand out in their draft years. He may catch up in his development, and/or his TOI circumstances change (as Mallet's did), and, voila, he puts together a good season, apparently out of nowhere. Will his game translate to the pros? Who knows? But I'd rather listen to someone's opinion on the matter who has thoroughly scouted him.Fred wrote:Maybe Mallet can do all of the above ....but there's a big difference doing that in a league filled with 16 year olds and a league filled with 20-30 year olds. That has to be one of the reason most teams don't take older picks, tough to judge themFarhan Lalji wrote:Just for the record, I think Gillis did extremely well at this draft, and I think that both Gaunce and Mallete will be strong players for us in the not-so-distant future. Gaunce seems like one of those 'character' guys with a decent skillset and hockey sense. I've heard that his skating isn't all that great, but neither were the twins'. Mallete is a reasonably skilled guy and knows how to throw em'. The guy also hits. I like this kid.
Looks like Gillis has really made a priority to get bigger and badder with his draft picks over the past 2 seasons. He has my support.
I don't know if this is a new drafting strategy for GMMG or not. Too early to tell. But I would guess that the reason they did not pick a European this time (first time in years!), is because, now, so much attention and scouting is focused there by most teams. So, finding a "hidden" gem like Edler is going to be much more difficult! Probably the same situation with the WHL.
Gillis did say that one of the advantages of drafting an overager was that they would be able to assess his development and put him into the pros sooner than young 18 year olds. Makes sense. Similar with the college-bound kids. They will be in good programs longer to aid their development into potential pros and the Canucks will have plenty of time to assess them. All this is trying to get ahead of the pack. We'll see if it was successful in a few years. Of course, if the team is consistently drafting in the later picks, you've got to come up with something that might give you an edge, because you're not likely to be able to grab a recognized top talent. All due to continued success! Crazy, eh?


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No place for little lyric (PoemTalk #2)
Adrienne Rich, 'Wait'
When Adrienne Rich wrote the poem "Wait" she and many Americans and others were awaiting the start of what seemed an inevitable war in Iraq, in March 2003. The PoemTalk crew — Jessica Lowenthal, Linh Dinh, Randall Couch and your convener-host Al Filreis — couldn't wait (as it were) to get going on this terrestrial poem. Is it a personal is political poem? The soldier, after all, looks at his or her wedding ring and thinks about why s/he wasn't told...but not told what? Is it a make love, not war poem? Is it a political poem at all? The Iraqi desert is "no place for the little lyric." The gang variously wonders if the poem had something large to contend about lyric's talent for reminding us of reasons why war is inhuman? Randall thinks it isn't much of a war (or antiwar) poem; its strengths diminish as it gets more clearly into its political subject; in the end it closes off "with a click." Linh prefers a less formalistic approach. Jessica and Al riff on the 1930s-style "hobos in a breadline" genre: its reputation for conservative form carrying radical content. Is this a formally conservative poem? If so, there's an irony, for sure. The PoemTalkers can only agree that such a question is open, making the poem all the more interesting (and in that sense it's a meta-poem, a poem about the problems of political poems).
In paradise every
the desert wind is rising
third thought
in hell there are no thoughts
is of earth
sand screams against your government
issued tent hell's noise
in your nostrils crawl
into your ear-shell
wrap yourself in no-thought
wait no place for the little lyric
wedding-ring glint the reason why
on earth
they never told you
PennSound's collection of Rich recordings offers downloadable mp3s of three reading, including her 2005 performance at the Kelly Writers House, where she read a bit from The School among the Ruins: Poems 2000-2004, including "Wait". She also gave a 32-second introduction to our poem.
PoemTalk #2 was recorded in Studio 111 at the Center for Programs in Contemporary Writing, produced by Al Filreis and Mark Lindsay. Steve McLaughlin was our sound editor and we had help from that talented soundhead, Curtis Fox. We're grateful to Adrienne Rich who agreed, when she visited in 2005, to recite "Wait," a favorite of the Writers House-affiliated students.


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Hello everyone,
I plan to start a TOPIC devoted to Daniel Rogov's WTN as were posted on out "old" forum at: "The Wine & Food Forum at Strat's Place"
I will post a message for each winery unless size limits will force me to split the messages.
To keep this new TOPIC "clean", please post requests for WTN and comments on this current topic.
I will first pick Rogov's top ten - (or the best candidates to be on that list).


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School Removed God Reference From first-Grader's Poem
" An elementary school in North Carolina censored a first-grade student's Veterans Day poem by removing a line that referenced her grandfather's belief in God.
The West Marion Elementary School student was supposed to read the poem at a Nov. 8 Veterans Day ceremony to honor her grandfather, a Vietnam veteran.
The deleted line read: "He prayed to God for peace, he prayed to God for strength."
An attorney for the Alliance Defending Freedom, which advocates for religious rights and freedoms, criticized the school's decision. "
Related articles
- North Carolina Elementary School Removes 'God' from First-Grader's Poem (foxnewsinsider.com)
- Riot act read to school censoring 1st grader's poem (vineoflife.net)
- God reference unwelcome in first-grader's poem (educationviews.org)
- 'God' censored in 1st grader's Veteran's Day poem (myfox8.com)
- School district strips 'God' from first-grader's Veterans Day poem (twitchy.com)
- Riot act read to school censoring 1st grader's poem (wnd.com)


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Re-do search in this area
The Crossing
Kenner, LA
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Located along the shores of the mighty Mississippi River, Kenner's Rivertown is a sixteen block historic district which is the first land of the metropolitan area settled by Europeans. The Crossing, a beautifully restored building from the 1820s, is in the heart of Rivertown and is the perfect venue...
Consortium Venue
Shreveport, LA
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Situated conveniently in the heart of Shreveport, Louisiana, Consortium Venue is an all-purpose facility that can easily take you from wedding ceremony to lively reception complete with dining, dancing and toasting! A chic banquet hall space, it features approximately 4,000 square feet to bring to ...
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Gather your family and friends for a wedding celebration to remember. The Bossier Civic Center is conveniently located just off Interstate 20 and I-220. The Center is part of a massive Municipal Complex sitting on twenty beautifully landscaped acres complete with reflection pool and ample parking. I...
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New Orleans, LA
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The distinct European architecture and rich heritage, New Orleans is considered one of the most romantic cities in America. Located near the heart of New Orleans, B On Canal, is an extraordinary hotel that features contemporary concepts that pay homage to the history of Louisiana's French Quarter Di...
Lamar Dixon Expo Center
Gonzales, LA
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The Dixons constructed the Lamar-Dixon Expo Center, a state of the art multi-use events facility that will support charitable organizations and community development. For several years Mary Lee and Bill dreamed of creating a place for equestrian events that would also serve as a multi-purpose events...
Louisiana Wedding Association
New Orleans, LA
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If you are a business in the wedding industry in the state of Louisiana, the Louisiana Wedding Association (LWA) wants to work with you to promote your business. As an organization the Louisiana Wedding Association "provide information, opportunities, services and resources for nuptial couples and p...
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New Orleans, LA
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The French Quarter Wedding Chapel is located in the historical French Quarter of New Orleans. It is the only wedding chapel in the French Quarter and operates 24/7. In 2007 the New Orleans City Council bestowed a proclamation recognizing New Orleans as "The Romance Capital of the World." This procla...
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New Orleans, LA
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New Orleans, LA
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Bayou Wine Garden is a neighborhood wine bar and kitchen in Mid City, New Orleans offering a large selection of wines, house made charcuterie, international cheeses, and tasty plates for the wine-loving, foodie couple. Perfect for intimate wedding celebrations, Bayou Wine Garden offers a lovely cour...
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New Orleans, LA
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The Benachi House and its Gardens provide an authentic, classic New Orleans setting for your wedding ceremony and reception—from elegant to trendy, from crawfish boil to seated dinner, the choice is yours! The dazzling property can accommodate your special day in the house, or in the gardens, or b...
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New Orleans, LA
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New Orleans, LA
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New Orleans, LA
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Looking for a unique but flexible and comfortable venue? Broad Street Cider produces hand-crafted gluten-free ciders in small batches in the Broadmoor neighborhood of New Orleans using different juices, teas, and flavors. In addition to house-made cider, Broad Street Cider offers guest beer, cider, ...
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New Orleans, LA
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The George & Leah McKenna Museum of African American Art is a stunning place to celebrate the most romantic day of your life. Located in the picturesque Central City neighborhood of Uptown New Orleans, the museum is housed in a magnificent 1860s Greek Revival mansion, which was once the home of a ri...
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Bossier City, LA
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Bossier City, LA
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New Orleans, LA
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New Orleans, LA
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Celebrate your wedding in historic style at the Basin St. Station in New Orleans. Built in 1904 as the New Orleans Terminal Company/ Southern Railway Freight Office Building, the Basin St. Station is a cultural building serving the local New Orleans community.The center provides visitors an authenti...
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Kenner City Pavilion
Kenner, LA
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The Kenner Parks and Recreation Department's mission is to rejuvenate the human spirit by providing safe and pristine recreation areas, quality facilities, first-class programs and an environment that fulfills citizens' expectations, improves the quality of life and promotes community unity. Part o...
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Students' participation in online discussions is central in online learning courses as it contributes to a participative and meaningful instruction where learners build their knowledge in a constructive way with instructors, colleagues, informal sources and by reflecting upon the process.
Debbie Morrison is posting a triplet series on how to create effective discussions in an online learning environment. In part I she presents components which make online discussions effective, namely:
1. A solid course design
2. Guidelines and expectations for students
3. Well constructed topics/questions
4. The existence of a skilled facilitator or moderator
5. An assessment component
Wang Y. & Victor Der-Thang Chen (2008). Essential Elements in Designing Online Discussions to Promote Cognitive Presence, Journal of Asynchronous Communication. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 3-4 (12).
Wade, D. A., Bentley, J. P. H., & Waters, S. H. (2006). Twenty guidelines for successful threaded discussions: A learning environment approach. Distance Learning, 3(3), 1-8.


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This is the first module in the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) Project Suite curriculum. Activities are self-directed by students or student teams using online videos and data from the SDO satellite to explore, research and build knowledge about... (View More) features of the Sun. Students build vocabulary, apply or demonstrate learning through real world connections, and creating resources to use in their investigations. Each activity comes with both a teacher and student guide with sequential instructions and embedded links to the needed videos and internet resources. Activity 1A: Structure of the Earth's Star takes students through the features and function of the Sun's structures using online videos, completing a "Sun Primer" data sheet using information from the videos, and creating a 3D origami model of the Sun. Students use a KWL chart to track what they have learned. Activity 1B: Observing the Sun has students capture real solar images from SDO data to find and record sunspots and track their movement across the surface of the Sun. Activity 1C has students create a pin-hole camera to use in calculating the actual diameter of the Sun, and then calculate scales to create a Earth-Sun scale model. Students reflect on their learning and results at the end of the module. An internet connection and access to computers are needed to complete this module. See related and supplementary resources for link to full curriculum. The appendix includes an alignment to the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). (View Less)
Materials Cost: $1 - $5
This is the fourth and culminating module in the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) Project Suite curriculum. Student teams use information and resources from the other three modules in the project suite to create a 3D interactive solar exhibit to... (View More) educate others about the Sun and how SDO informs scientists about the Sun's activity, structures and features, and Earth-Sun interactions. Students then self-evaluate their team's solar exhibit. Both a teacher and student guide are included, as well as tools for students to self-direct and track project process, and record reflections and information. A computer for student-teams and access to the internet are needed for this module. See related and supplementary resources for link to full curriculum. The appendix includes an alignment to the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). (View Less)
Materials Cost: $5 - $10 per group of students
The emphasis of this lesson is deepening students' understanding of how and why we measure precipitation across the globe. Students will look at NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data gathered during hurricanes and how this data can... (View More) prove essential in helping scientists forecast the amount of precipitation. Students will also learn how the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission is enabling scientists to collect new information on hurricanes. The lesson uses the 5E instructional sequence. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free


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Sparring and Grappling Gear
Required Equipment
1) HEADGEAR may be any of your choice. Prices range $24.99-$99.99.
2) ORDER GLOVES FROM THE LIST DOWN BELOW. GLOVES need to be sparring gloves; the ones with the open fingers and preferably padded thumbs, or at least covered thumbs! (Except Children) Prices range $17.99-$69.99 for Adults, and for Youth $19.99 for the Youth MMA Gloves with Adult Hand Targets Item #143162P or $26.99 for the Youth Open Palm Gloves Item #10663.
3) BOOTS may be any sparring boots of your choice $29.99-$44.99, and the only ones that can be used for sparring that look like regular shoes/mat shoes are: Item Number : 082000 - $76.99-$79.99.
4) MOUTHPIECES may be any of your choice, however we do not recommend Double Mouthpiece Item Number : 1453 $3.99, as it is difficult to breath through. Prices range $1.99-$34.99, and most have dental warranties, and some are made for, or compatible with braces.
5) MOUTHPIECE CASES may be any of your choice $3.99-$9.99.
6) ELBOW PADS Youth can wear the Adult size, and they will not need the Forearm Pads. May be any of your choice $12.99-$29.99.
7) FOREARM PADS For Adults Only. Everyone needs to order size small, because they are measured by length, and with the Elbow Pads and the Gloves, there is not enough room for any sizes larger. May be any of your choice $5.99-24.99.
8) KNEE PADS Youth can wear the Adult size. May be any of your choice $25.99-$34.99.
9) SHIN PADS To cover the calves. Youth need 2 pair of these, as they will not use the Shin with Instep Pads for the front of the legs. May be any of your choice $9.99-39.99.
10) SHIN WITH INSTEP PADS For Adults Only. May be any of your choice $14.00-$109.99, but NOT Century Drive Convertible Shin/Instep Guards Item Number : 142006 $64.99.
11) GROIN PROTECTION FOR MEN AND BOYS may be any of your choice $11.99-$99.99.
"PRODUCT ORDER PAGE" to the<<<<<<<<< LEFT <<<<<<<<< for the rest of your gear.
(UFC (2nd Column), and Mixed Martial Arts (3rd Column) & Mixed Martial Arts (3rd Column) + Century Brave Training, or + Century Creed, or + Century Drive Training.
For Assistance Please call (615) 974-0245 or
(615) 974-0246
Required Glove Options:


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Yung Tone, GP, Vinnie - TRAP BOOM [Midwest Leak & Big Heff Submitted]
Selected as the top pick from @MidwestLeak #MusicMonday and the @BigHeff Midwest Industry Tour, "TRAP BOOM" by Yung Tone, GP, Vinnie is the first single from the "Me N My Brother" project now available on iTunes.
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- Home
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Project No. 14-1R
RESOLUTION enacted by the City of Marion, Marion County, Ohio, hereinafter referred to as the LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY/LOCAL PUBLIC AGENCY OR "LPA" IN THE MATTER OF THE STATED DESCRIBED PROJECT, AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS, and declaring an emergency
WHEREAS, on the 25th day of February, 2013, the LPA enacted legislation proposing cooperation with the Director of Transportation for the described project:
The project consists of resurface various sections of Main St, Madison Ave, Olney Ave, Jefferson St, Leader St, Kensington Pl, Vernon Heights Blvd, Church St, Fairground St, Bennett St, Delaware Ave. The project will also include curb ramps, base repairs, casting replacements, striping and bike lane signage/markings, lying within the City of Marion; and
WHEREAS, the LPA shall cooperate with the Director of Transportation in the above described project as follows:
The City agrees to assume and bear one hundred percent (100%) of the entire cost of the improvement, less the amount of Federal-aid set aside by the Director of Transportation for the financing of this improvement from funds allocated by the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.
The share of the cost of the LPA is now estimated in the amount of Five Hundred Nineteen Thousand Eight Hundred Seventy Nine and … 00/100 Dollars ($519,879.00), but said estimated amount is to be adjusted in order that the LPA's ultimate share of said improvement shall correspond with said percentages of actual costs when said actual costs are determined; and
WHEREAS, The Director of Transportation has approved said legislation proposing cooperation and has caused to be made plans and specifications and an estimate of cost and expense for improving the above described highway and has transmitted copies of the same to the legislative authority; and
WHEREAS, the LPA desires the Director of Transportation to proceed with the aforesaid highway improvement.
NOW THEREFORE, be it resolved, by the Council of the City of Marion, Marion County, Ohio:
Section 1. That the estimated sum of Five Hundred Nineteen Thousand Eight Hundred Seventy Nine and … 00/100 Dollars ($519,879.00) is hereby appropriated for the improvement described above and the fiscal officer is hereby authorized and directed to issue an order on the treasurer for said sum upon the requisition of the Director of Transportation to pay the cost and expense of said improvement. We here by agree to assume in the first instance, the share of the cost and expense over and above the amount to be paid from Federal funds.
Section 2. That the LPA herby request the Director of Transportation to proceed with the aforesaid highway improvement.
Section 3. That the LPA enter into a contract with the State and that Service Director be, and is herby authorized to execute said contract, providing for the payment of the LPA the sum of money set forth herein above the improving the described project.
Section 4. That the LPA transmit to the Director of Transportation a fully executed copy of this Resolution. This Ordinance is hereby declared to be an emergency measure to expedite the transportation Project and to promote transportation safety. Following appropriate legislative action, it shall take effect and be in force immediately upon its passage and approval, otherwise it shall take effect and be in force from and after the earliest period allowed by law.
This is to certify that we have compared the foregoing copy of Resolution with the original record thereof, found in the record of the proceedings of the LPA and which Ordinance 2013-03 was duly passed by the LPA on the 25th day of February, 2013, and that the same is a true and correct copy of the record of said Ordinance and the action of said LPA thereon.
We further certify that said Resolution and the Action of said LPA thereon is recorded in the journal of said LPA in Volume 21, at Page ____, and under date of ____________________, 2014.
Approved: ___________________________
Dave Edwards
President of Council
Mayor Scott Schertzer
Clerk of Council


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Difference between revisions of "Johannesburg"
Revision as of 07:51, 30 October 2012
Johannesburg [84] (in spoken language also referred to as Joburg, Egoli or Jozi ) is South Africa's largest city.
Johannesburg has a population of 3.2 million people (South African 2001 census), half of which live in Soweto and adjacent suburbs. The majority of the population is formed by South Africa's black residents who mostly live in Soweto, while white residents amount to 500,000 (although the number is likely to be higher). There are also around 300,000 residents of other descent. Unlike other South African cities, no language group dominates, although English is the established lingua franca.
The city is the economic hub of South Africa, and increasingly for the rest of Africa. Although estimates vary, about 10% of sub-Saharan Africa's GDP is generated in Johannesburg. Yet the city's wealth is unequally distributed among its inhabitants causing the city to have, within its own borders, living conditions varying from first world standards to third world conditions. The contrast between rich and poor has led to one of the highest crime rates in the world. The more affluent tend to live in houses with a high level of security by western standards, whilst the less affluent live in less desirable housing conditions. Don't avoid Johannesburg because of its crime however, since it is perfectly possible to have a safe and enjoyable stay if precautions are taken. Many South Africans choose to live here over other, safer parts of the country.
There are many things that are unique to Johannesburg. It features a distinct street entrepreneurship, and motorists can buy things from vendors selling goods at traffic lights, as in many other developing-world cities. This includes food, umbrellas, soccer balls, cellular phone accessories and many other goods. Barber shops consisting of nothing but a chair and an enthusiastic barber can be found on the sides of roads, although they tend to specialize in African rather than Caucasian hair. Mine dumps can also been seen throughout the city and are a reminder of the city's legacy of gold mining. These dumps are fast disappearing as new gold extraction techniques have made it profitable for mining companies to reprocess these dumps.
With around 6 million trees, Johannesburg is most likely the world's largest man-made urban forest. The city is certainly one of the greenest in the world, considering that the natural landscape is savannah.
The weather is generally regarded as excellent; temperatures reach the mid-30s Celsius (95°F) in the summer months (Dec-Feb) with little to no wind and with occasional, spectacular afternoon thunderstorms. Temperatures in winter can drop into single digits but snow is extremely rare.
By far the easiest way to find your bearings in Johannesburg is by finding the two telecommunication towers on the horizon. The Hillbrow tower is located near the city center while the Brixton tower (also called the Sentech tower) is located out to the west of the city. Since they are both tall towers located on high ground and easily distinguishable from other structures and each other, they make excellent landmarks.
Depending on your location, you may also see a cylindrical building (Ponte City Apartments) located close to the Hillbrow tower.
There is a ring road system of freeways, with the city center located at the center of the ring. The ring is formed by the N1 on the north and west, the N3 on the east and the N12 on the south. The ring is dissected north/south by the M1 freeway and partially dissected east/west by the M2 freeway.
Get in
By car
A number of highways from everywhere in South Africa go to Johannesburg, the N1 from Cape Town and Bloemfontein or the N3 from Durban making it an easy to reach destination, including:
Traffic can be particularly bad during peak hours (M-F 6:30AM-9AM and 3:30PM-6:30PM) so plan your journey accordingly. Due to the increasing number of cars sold, traffic has progressively worsened. If traveling in the city Monday through Friday, make sure you take into consideration the possibility of traffic jams delaying your journey. As the city is large and spread out, getting around may require covering large distances e.g. from Midrand to Soweto is in excess of 45 km (28 mi).
By plane
Terminal A is for international flights, and B domestic. When flying out some international flights may have their check-in in Terminal B, but will still leave from Terminal A. The two terminals are adjacent to each other and a 5 minute indoor walk between the two.
The airport is located to the east of Johannesburg, 24 km (15 mi) from the city center. There is a highspeed train to Sandton and Pretoria (see below) from the airport. If you are taking a taxi, keep walking straight until you exit the building and then turn left until you see a long line of taxis (mainly Mercedes) with yellow TAXI signs on their roof. These are licensed taxis with meters ( tell the driver the address and insist on using the meter before you get in the car). Do NOT go with anyone who approaches you offering a taxi while you are inside the airport building, these are unlicensed touts, and you'll end up paying more. If you are staying in a hotel, try to get the hotel to send a shuttle to pick you up (though it may cost).
For getting money try to avoid the many banks and money changers on the left of the arrivals door: They display the exchange rates but don't indicate their excessive "commissions" that can reduce what you actually get by 10% or more - this is the case at all banks and bureaux de change in South Africa. Better to use the ATM machines to withdraw cash (South African ATMs do not charge fees for withdrawals). The ATM machines are located one floor higher up in the airport, in the retail mall where there are many shops and restaurants.
For South African travel and discounted fares you can search for : Discount airlines in Africa and Air travel in South Africa airlines like Mango, Kulula and 1 Time.
By train
By bus
Long-distance buses arrive at Park Station. All major bus companies provide a service to and from Johannesburg. A few of these include:
Get around
Johannesburg was a city built for the car and so public transport is in the development process. The Gautrain (a speed train not part of the metro system) is a good, clean and safe way to jump fast between the airport, Malboro, Midrand, Rosebank, Pretoria and Centurion. There are buses and minicabs on the streets, but there tends to be no designated stops, so buses may be flagged down on main roads such as Oxford street and Jan Smuts. They can be unsafe, but larger double decker metro bus are easy to use all along Oxford, starting in Ghandi Square, going through Killarney, Rosebank, Illovo, Sandton, Rivonia and Sunninghill (bus no. 5C and 5D). The other bus alternatives, are orange putco buses, coming more regularly than the metro buses and its slightly more expensive. Lastly there are the Gautrain feeder buses connected to the Gautrain, these have quite extensive routes from each station - these can be found easily on the gautrain website or mobi site. The problem is that buses are quite problematic on weekends and public holidays, Gautrain buses do not run, Metro buses have two route runs, and putco buses are at a complete halt. This is when the train would be a good alternative, or RENT A CAR.
You enter where you want (make sure you know where the taxi is going, and generally locals use specific handsignals to ensure the correctly destined taxi stops) and it stops where you want along the fixed route. Renting a car will give you the best flexibility and opportunity to tour the city, however driving is fast paced, but by now means difficult as long as you stay alert. Heavy traffic into Sandton in the morning (6:30 to 9:00) from all directions leading towards Sandton and in the afternoon all routes leading out of Sandton (15:30 to 18:30) in all directions could delay your journey by up to 2 h, so plan accordingly.
Car rental
Renting a car is your best option if you are a confident driver as the city's public transport is very, very limited. It is worth buying a good road map of Johannesburg, using a GPS (available when you rent a car) and planning your trips carefully before setting out. The city large and somewhat poorly signposted. Make sure to be exceptionally clear with your rental agency what types of things are covered by their insurance plans. The phrase ``Full coverage doesn't necessarily mean full coverage.
Like any big city, there are some areas of Johannesburg that you don't want to stray into if you look like a tourist or dont have enough fuel to get out of. Ask advice. If in doubt, stop at a police station and ask them for directions.
From the airport: Stay on the freeway between the airport and Sandton, and don't divert through the townships and Alexandra on London Road. A GPS following the fastest route will usually divert around the townships, but it pays to know where you are going. (If you are coming from the airport and you are afraid of getting this wrong, carry on past Marlboro Drive with the N3 (which becomes the N1) until you reach Rivonia road. Then turn left/south and this will take you straight into Sandton, bypassing any townships.)
===By bus===
Public transport in Johannesburg is provided by city buses and informal minibus services. Bus (other than the feeder buses attached to the Gautrain system) is not a viable option if you are a foreign tourist/business visitor unfamiliar with South Africa. Large blue city buses run up and down the main roads and mini buses can be flagged down on the side of the street a although they are not the best mode of transport as they are unreliable and often associated with crime. These should not be used unless you are very familiar with the way of life in South Africa and the basic geography of Johannesburg.
By Taxi
Foreigners should use only normal sedan taxis (metered or fixed-price taxes that transport only you and your travel partners) and not shared minibus taxis. Taxis are very rare in Johannesburg and available only at the airport and some areas of Sandton and the city centre. Unless you are visiting for a very short time, it would be worth your while to rent a car.
In general all the taxi operators collude with one another and fix prices so taxis are not cheap or metered. Haggling is usual so it is best to agree a price when you phone. Do not rely on taxi ranks in shopping malls as often there are none. Always have a few taxi telephone numbers and cash with you so you avoid being stranded anywhere.
Be aware that ongoing traffic diversions will be in effect in Sandton, Rosebank, and other areas over the next few years because of the construction of the Gautrain [95] rapid rail link between Johannesburg, Pretoria and OR Tambo International Airport [96]. This is expected to be completed by June 2011, after which it will be possible to reach Pretoria central via Hatfield (in Pretoria) and Midrand from O.R. Tambo by rapid rail.
The regeneration Central Business Direct accelerated in the run up to the 2010 World Cup and there are many areas of the inner city which are visitable, and the central area's poor reputation is no longer deserved. The city planners are using art as the cornerstone of the CBDs redevelopment and there are numerous galleries and art spaces popping up across the CBD. The downtown city centre is the most-visited part of Johannesburg for African tourists, particularly the traders who come to shop at Johannesburg's wholesale outlets.
Newtown and the Market Theatre area (the city's cultural precinct) is now easily accessible from the highway and Mandela Bridge and very fun; here you will find live music venues and bars too. Braamfontein - the university area - has a great Saturday market, lively night life, is very artsy. By day there's nothing here.
On the east side of the city, Main Street Life, Maboneng Precinct and Arts on Main (especially the Sunday market and The Bioscope independent cinema). Troyeville has a fantastic restaurant at The Troyeville Hotel, an art centre and all the main sport stadiums (soccer, tennis, athletics, rugby).
On the west side, Fordsburg is the formerly-Indian part of central Joburg and has some Indian and Pakistani restaurants, shops and markets. Good food is to be found in this neighborhood, which, by Johannesburg's standards, shows signs of street life in the evenings, and moreso on Friday and Saturday. Most places are halaal so no liquor served. The Oriental Plaza shopping mall is here and has good bargains.
In the centre of town, between Jeppe St and Bree Street at Delvers Street, look up and see the Amharic script which denotes that you are in the Ethiopian/Somali part of town - there are Ethiopian restaurants and coffee shops located in the Africa Mall and Johannesburg Mall. Best to arrive before 2 pm.
To the north east, Yeoville is known as Le Petit Kinshasa and is home to many of the Francophone african diaspora in Johannesburg. Lots of Camerounian restaurants and Congolese bars.
Hillbrow (Little Lagos) used to have a bad reputation but it is much improved - if you visit Constitution Hill, or Johannesburg Art Gallery, Hillbrow is right across the street, not that scary! Go for a walk to the base of the Hillbrow Tower on a Sunday morning, it's an interesting experience. Worth watching Louis Theroux's 'Law and Disorder in Johannesburg' before your visit.
Northern suburbs
Much of Johannesburg is still a white ghetto, with suburbs like Greenside, Houghton, Parktown North to Parkhurst to Killarney to Rosebank to Illovo to Melrose North, Atholl, Sandown, to Sandton to Morningside, Fourways, and Randburg being green, leafy and pleasant - and safe and comforting to first-world visitors, most have a shopping mall of some description, and some have a main street with cafes, boutiques and grocery shops.
Soweto is an increasingly popular destination for travellers from around the world. Take a tour or just drive in yourself using GPS set to Vilakazi Street... the road infrastructure and signage are excellent. You can stop off at Maponya Mall and join the Sowetan middle classes as they entertain themselves with retail and movies!
Due to South Africa's negotiated settlement which heralded the dawn of South Africa's democracy in 1994, South Africans have gained a reputation for holding meetings or lekgotlas (the Tswana word meaning "meeting place") to resolve their concerns, and plan for the future.
This desire to meet, discuss and strategise is also found amongst South Africa's business leaders, and Johannesburg as Africa and South Africa's economic hub is filled with conferencing venues and meeting places which can host a wide range of events for small or large groups.
Popular conference areas include the Rosebank and Sandton areas where conferences tend to be held in and around some of the city's top hotels. The Muldersdrift area and western region of Johannesburg has developed a reputation for outstanding function venues, particularly weddings and private events. While the midrand area located halfway between Johannesburg and Pretoria is also a popular conferencing and events area.
There are many craft markets in Johannesburg and the surrounding areas. You will also find plenty of beautifully crafted beadwork and wirework being sold on the roadside and at intersections. Though you will be able to bargain with the locals, give a thought to the crafters who are often unemployed and rely on sales to support themselves and their family.
Craftsmen and women from all over Africa sell their goods at the Rosebank flea market on Sundays and in a bazaar type shop in the Rosebank mall on week days. Johannesburg has no specific artwork, which you cant get in other parts Of the country. But you very good quality shops for this. Many od SA-Art is invented in Swaziland or imported from other african nations. Don't forget to buy the 2 ft geraffe which you get all over and at the airport. You will also find it in your home country.
African Arts & Crafts
Flea Markets
Shopping Malls
Shopping Malls are very popular in Johannesburg, due to their convenience and safety and the fact that there are few alternatives - although thankfully Jozi is one of the few cities in the country that still has some streetlife. A typical shopping mall has all the usual chain stores (for clothes, books, music, chemists etc.) a food hall (KFC, Mugg & Bean...) and a big western-style supermarket in the basement. Many also have a multiplex cinema. They can be comfortable but soulless refuges that can trap the tourist with their familiar, air conditioned surrounds, so beware. There are many shopping malls throughout Johannesburg, most have free secure parking, although you have to pay for parking in the more popular malls (Rosebank & Sandton). The main malls are:
You will also find many smaller shopping malls close to residential areas. Usually with one or two of the larger retail stores, a number of smaller chain stores, fast food and possibly a restaurant or coffee shop.
Like all major cities, Johannesburg has a wide variety of places to eat and you'll be sure to find something to suit your taste buds, be it local delicacies or international cuisines. In addition to standard South African shopping mall restaurants Johannesburg is one of the few cities with various 'restaurant streets' scattered around the suburbs offering a more European dining experience.
Restaurant streets
Don't ignore the CBD either, there are a handful of nice restaurants near the Market Theatre, and they are cheaper than their northern suburb cousins. Of course the northern suburb shopping malls are brimming with South African chain restaurants, of which the more expensive ones are also quite good, if a little soulless. South African cuisine features many varieties of sauces, and your food may be drowned in said sauce if you don't ask for it on the side.
Good pubs and clubs are available in the Melville student district, Braamfontein, Rosebank and the Newtown cultural precinct. Posh and upmarket clubbing happens in the Rivonia and Sandton area.
Johannesburg is full of accommodation to suit any type of budget, from the ultimate in luxury & expense, to backpacker lodges.
Guesthouses / bed & breakfasts
Johannesburg also caters for those who are looking for a luxurious stay, with five-star hotels. Many of these are located in the Sandton area.
Stay safe
Be aware that Johannesburg has high crime levels, though tourists are seldom victims. Like many other cities with a crime problem, some places are quite safe while others can be quite dangerous, and, in some places, crime may depend on whether it is day or night. Armed security guards (not necessarily the police) are a common sight in the city. Ask local people (hotel staff, police) what to do.
Johannesburg earned its lawless reputation during the 1980s when the apartheid regime was collapsing. Things really went downhill in the early 1990s - and many (white) South Africans have traumatic memories of this period – memories which flavour their security advice for the city even today. However things have improved enormously since those days, although the advice you may receive from some Johannesburg residents may not match today's reality. Nevertheless you should keep security in mind and tourists must remain alert at all times when in unfamiliar surroundings.
When on the street (this doesn't apply to shopping malls and other secure environments) best general advice is to try your best to look like a local and to avoid displaying any form of wealth. Keep your cellphone hidden, leave your jewellery at the hotel and avoid carrying backpacks, daypacks, cameras or purses. Use a cheap plastic bag, keep your values at the hotel and take only the amount of money that you really need. Never use a purse, but put loose coins or notes in your pockets.
If you fall victim to robbery, it is best to cooperate with your assailants, hand over your valuables, do not attempt to negotiate, do not look them in the eye, and do not fight back. Then report the robbery to the police.
Finally, keep things in perspective, Johannesburg has a partly-deserved bad reputation for crime, but most victims are local residents living in the townships. The overwhelming majority of visitors have a trouble-free stay.
Shopping malls
Shopping malls in Johannesburg are as safe as shopping malls anywhere else in the world, with pick pocketing being the only risk, though a small one.
Central Business District
The central business district is busy during the day, and parts of it are pretty scruffy, but there are lots of police and private security around. The area is largely deserted at night, during weekends, and on holidays. There are many interesting things to do in the CBD, just plan where you are going to park and what you are going to visit beforehand, and never wander around aimlessly.
Northern suburbs
Pedestrians are rare, but you should be fine walking from your guesthouse to a local restaurant or shopping mall; however, distances can be large, which makes driving or taking a taxi better options. If you want to go jogging (not recommended for lone women) or for a long walk then carry a map and as few valuables as possible, and make sure you are home before it gets dark.
Alexandra is a poor township that deserves particular attention for the foreign visitor because it is next to the road that you would drive on from the airport to Sandton and is therefore easy to land up in if you get lost or take the wrong off-ramp. That said Alex is no longer (as of 2012) the warzone that it was in the 1980s and 1990s - as illustrated by the fact Alexandra township tours are now common, and a Nelson Mandela museum is being constructed.
Avoid taking the London Road off-ramp from the N3 highway to get to Sandton, especially at night. This is a short-cut but comes with risks.
To get to Sandton when coming from the airport, take Marlboro Drive from the N3 and drive straight until you reach the M1 highway (this is also called the Marlboro offramp). Do not turn south/left (if you are coming from the N3) or right/south (if you are coming from the M1/Sandton side) anywhere between the N3 and the M1, including Louis Botha Avenue (which may be dangerous unless you know the area).
Alternatively, if you want to avoid the risk of getting this wrong, you can drive a bit further (the N3 becomes the N1) and take Rivonia Road to the south, which will take you straight into central Sandton passing through only affluent areas for the entire length of this road, so if you go the wrong way, you are still in safe areas.
Also, when taking the Gautrain (very safe and nauseatingly well-guarded) between central Sandton and the airport, one of the stations it will stop at is Marlboro Station. This station is the interchange to Pretoria and is right on the edge of Alexandra. Best not to exit at this station.
Other townships surround the city – and don't offer much for the tourist, except for Soweto, the middle class parts of which (Orlando West) can be visited independently, although most choose to go with a tour.
It is prudent to plan night-time journeys and to use a reputable taxi. If you must walk at night, make sure to remain in populated, well-lit areas, and walk confidently and with a purpose so that you at least pretend that you know where you are going. Avoid giving the impression that you are lost, and ask directions only from shops and not random people on the streets.
It is best to use a GPS when driving so that you do not get lost. Also be aware that more South Africans die from road accidents than from violence - they are notoriously bad and drunken drivers.
Do not leave any valuables on the seats as it is possible that your window could be smashed and your belongings grabbed. At night, do not stop at red traffic lights if you see people lingering there, as they may be up to no good. Slow down and go through the red traffic lights, even if you have to pay a fine (very small chance). At all times, be vigilant and watch for vehicles following you or road blocks (stones, wood) on the roads. If you have parked in a quiet area, be particularly careful when you go to and from your car as thieves can wait for victims to exit/enter their vehicle. If you are faced with a suspicious or dangerous encounter, drive to the nearest police station or well-lit populated area.
Public transport
The Gautrain is totally safe. The new Rea Vaya buses and the city's Metrobus service can be safe to ride although it is often late and far too unreliable and confusing for a short-term foreign visitor to figure out.
Rape and sexual assault levels are exceptionally high. However, most sexual assault and rape cases involve alcohol and take place between people who know each other. Care should be taken in sexual encounters due to the high HIV levels in Johannesburg, insist on using condoms. Females should always avoid walking alone and should try, if possible, to remain in groups.
Stay healthy
Tap water is completely safe to drink, Johannesburg's water has one of the highest ratings in the world.
There is a Travel Clinic at OR Tambo International Airport
It is best to avoid public hospitals as standards have declined recently, but private hospitals are of world class standard.
The following hospitals cater for 24-hour accident and emergency treatment:
Hellen Joseph Hospital > 0114891011 Coronation Hospital for women and children> 0114709000
Always-On [102] , +27 (0)11 575-2505, provides prepaid WiFi access in a number of locations in and around Johannesburg. Simply connect to the access point and you will be given the opportunity to pay for access by credit card. Pricing starts at around R15 for 10 minutes or R60 for 100MB.
Coverage areas include:
Dunkel West Johanesburg phone: +27 (0) 11 537 7203 for commercial enquiries 0861 837 221 for Visa enquiries
Get out


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Debra Pell is the President of ArbaOne, Inc. an early stage investment company in Israel. She graduated from Georgetown University in 1977 with a BA in Government and a JD from Boston College Law School. Before making aliya in 1996, she was a labor litigator in a large SF law firm and VP of Pell Development Company. Active for many years in the Jewish community, she served on the boards of the San Francisco Jewish Community Federation, Regional Hillel, the Holocaust Center of SF and the Jewish Community Relations Council . Nationally, she was a founding board member of the Israel Policy Forum and Chair of the Women's Young Leadership Cabinet of the UJA. Debra is now the Co-Chair of Kolot, a center of Jewish learning for top Israeli leadership. She represents the Pell Family Foundation in Israel in addition to her own philanthropic focus on Jewish education, social justice and peace.
Debra Pell
Beit Zayit, Israel


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With the stunning end to Maryland's General Assembly, many have opined of the need to raise the gas tax in the anticipated special session ("Baltimore gets stranded," April 17). Supporters state that the "business community" overwhelmingly favors such an increase. Notably, many in the "business community" that favor the gas tax represent businesses that do not actually own vehicles. As a representative of the trucking industry which delivers the food, clothing, medicine and other goods Marylanders use, I can tell you that such support among businesses is hardly universal.
Advocates state that the gas tax is needed because our aging transportation system is crumbling. To be sure, congestion has grown, but are our roads crumbling as a result? Not according to the Federal Highway Administration's annual highway statistics report. In fact, FHWA shows the percentage of Maryland highways and bridges that are "structurally deficient" or "functionally obsolete" is less than it was in the mid-1990s. The perception of crumbling roadways is often unquestioned because of the I-35 Minnesota bridge collapse, yet federal investigators attributed this tragedy to be caused by faulty design, not under-investment in maintenance.
Supporters also observe that the gas tax has not increased in 20 years. This is true, but it suggests the gas tax is Maryland's only source of transportation revenue and ignores other rising transportation fees. In 2004 vehicle registration fees jumped 50 percent. For the trucking industry, Maryland now has the highest registration fees among any neighboring states — $1,800 per year per truck. In 2007, Maryland passed a package that included increasing the corporate income tax, raising the vehicle titling tax, and allocating a portion of the state's 1-cent sales tax increase to transportation, yet these revenues were never fully dispersed for transportation purposes. This says nothing of tolls, which have risen 450 percent.
Finally, allies suggest that the gas tax will generate new infrastructure projects that create thousands of construction industry jobs. Clearly, that industry has suffered. However, this jobs benefit ignores the offsetting employment loss that will occur in other industries. A 15-cents-per-gallon increase would give Maryland the highest fuel tax in our region and would cost one truck driver an extra $3,000 per year. Imposing such a dramatic cost on local truckers will cause many companies to lay off workers or join the thousands that closed their doors during the recession. Many businesses are pulling out of a deep hole, but rates are still depressed and the recovery is fragile.
A fuel tax increase will also severely impact the Port of Baltimore, Maryland's economic engine, which relies greatly on trucks. At a time when the maritime industry is gearing up for unprecedented opportunities with the expansion of the Panama Canal, these actions will dramatically raise the costs of distribution to and from the port, thereby decreasing its attractiveness to shippers. Inevitably, shippers will look to bring their products to ports like Virginia where truckers are not burdened with such massive taxes, tolls and fees.
Maryland's transportation infrastructure must be financially supported. However, when dollars are tight it begs the question, "Are we getting the most bang for our buck?" Most of Maryland's transportation money comes from road users in the form of fuel taxes and vehicle excise taxes, yet 57 percent of the Maryland Department of Transportation's annual operating expenses go to support the state's transit systems. Car and truck drivers raise over $1.9 billion of the state's transportation income, while costing only $1.25 billion. This means $650 million is donated by highway users to subsidize our transit systems. Failing to invest in transit is a mistake, yet so is over-investing. Total transit ridership is 4 percent of commuters. Since 1980, Maryland has spent billions on transit projects, yet the rate of commuters using the systems to get to work is virtually the same. Absent a new supplemental source of transit funding, Maryland's Transportation Trust Fund will collapse under the growing weight of our transit costs. No amount of gas tax increase will be able to support the massive transit investments that the Red Line and Purple Line will require.
Finally, transportation funds continue to be diverted for other purposes. In the last three years, $900 million was diverted from citizens' transportation taxes. Those funds were supposed to support local transportation projects, but instead they were redirected to the state's General Fund. That is like taking away 10 cents per gallon from the state's fuel tax. Let's address this before asking anyone, business or consumer, to pay more.
Paul Kelly, Baltimore
The writer is chairman of the Maryland Motor Truck Association, Inc.