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Pregnancy and Vaccinations: What You Need Before, During and After
When you're preparing to have a baby, part of your planning should include how you will protect you and your child with vaccinations, starting before birth.
"During pregnancy, vaccinated mothers pass on protective antibodies — infection-fighting molecules — to their babies before they are born," the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services says. "This provides some immunity against certain vaccine-preventable diseases during their first few months of life, when your baby is still too young to be vaccinated."
The first step is sharing your vaccination history with your doctor. If you are unsure about what vaccines you have received, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offer a few tips:
- Ask parents or caregivers for records of childhood immunizations
- Look through baby books and saved documents from childhood
- Check with your high school and college health services
- Check with previous employers (including the military) that required immunizations
- Check with your doctor or public health clinic
- Ask your state health department if it keeps immunization records
Once you know your history, you can stay up to date on vaccinations before, during and after your pregnancy.
Before pregnancy
Prevent dangerous illnesses while pregnant by catching up on vaccinations. For example, you were likely vaccinated with the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine as a child, but you can ask for a pre-pregnancy blood test to see if you are immune. Doing so will prevent you from catching and passing along the diseases.
"Congenital rubella syndrome is a condition that occurs in a developing baby in the womb whose mother is infected with the rubella virus," the CDC says. "Pregnant women who contract rubella are at risk for miscarriage or stillbirth, and their developing babies are at risk for severe birth defects with devastating, lifelong consequences."
To see what other vaccines you need as an adult before getting pregnant, visit the HHS vaccine website. The CDC also has an Adult Vaccine Quiz to help you determine which vaccines you need.
During pregnancy
During each of your pregnancies (not just the first one), getting the flu and whooping cough vaccines will safeguard you and your growing child.
Whooping cough, or pertussis, is extremely contagious and easily preventable with a Tdap vaccine during the third trimester. The most commonly affected people are less than 3 months old, according to research published in The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, but infants do not receive their first vaccine against the disease until they are 2 months.
"This situation leaves a window of significant vulnerability for newborns, many of whom appear to contract serious pertussis infections from family members and caregivers, including the mother," the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists says.
Additionally, the flu is more likely to cause severe illness in pregnant women, compared to other women, according to the CDC. Pregnant women who get the flu can go into premature labor and have babies with birth defects. A flu shot is a simple solution that has not been shown to cause any harm to pregnant women or their babies.
"The flu shot given during pregnancy has been shown to protect both the mother and her baby for several months after birth from flu," the CDC says.
In addition to these two vaccines, you may need vaccination against other diseases, including hepatitis B and anything you may contract while traveling.
After pregnancy
Vaccinations after pregnancy should include any you did not get before or during pregnancy. For example, if you did not have an MMR vaccine before you were pregnant, research shows you can get one while breast-feeding, as your child will not be infected or will feel only a weak effect.
"Although rubella vaccine virus might be excreted into milk, the virus usually does not infect the infant," according to drugs.com. "If an infection does occur, it is well tolerated because the viruses are attenuated. No clear evidence exists of live attenuated measles or mumps vaccine virus excretion into breastmilk."
Ask your doctor about other vaccines you may need, and remember to vaccinate your child according to CDC recommendations as well.
Sinclair Broadcasting is committed to the health and well-being of our viewers, which is why we're introducing Sinclair Cares. Every month we'll bring you information about the "Cause of the Month," including topical information, education, awareness and prevention.


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Harry Styles of One Direction Is the Cutest Christmas Elf Ever
Harry Styles of One Direction was feeling festive at a photo shoot this week. The 'Live While We're Young' singer posted some adorable shots to his Instagram rocking a holiday sweater and an elf costume. He really does look like one of Santa's helpers!
Styles posed with his hairstylist, Kim Davidson, in the first shot, where he rocks Rudolph on a sweater. Cute! And no, Taylor Swift doesn't need to worry -- Davidson was with Styles and Swift on their Central Park Zoo date. Styles captioned the shot, "Christmas Jumpers are out!! Get in. Feeling festive!" His cheer is infectious!
Styles, like his girlfriend, loves the holiday season. What's his favorite part? "It's the Christmas dinner," Harry told Parade. "You go in hard. Then about 7:00, watching a film, you make a turkey sandwich."
This year, Styles may be spending that Christmas dinner with Swift. He spent her 23rd birthday with the 'Red' songstress, so maybe they'll exchange some more pricey prezzies together on the 25th!
Watch One Direction Sing 'All I Want for Christmas Is You'

subset: commoncrawl


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Twenty-four members and 11 alternate members have been appointed to the Advisory Committee on Universal Cotton Standards by Agriculture Secretary Ed Schafer. The committee was re-established by a charter issued in 2007.
Members of the committee represent merchants, manufacturers, ginners and producers.
The members and alternates recently named will serve for the two-year period of the committee charter.
Merchant members are: T. Jordan Lea, Greenville, S.C.; Bobby Walton, Memphis, Tenn; Manfred Schiefer, Lubbock, Texas; Craig R. Stevens, Fresno, Calif.; Frederick W. Barrier, Greenwood, Miss.; and Lonnie D. Winters, Lubbock, Texas.
Manufacturer members are: William E. Bowen Jr., Inman, S.C.; John B. Cleveland II, Easley, S.C.; David T. Koon, Columbus, Ga.; Eugene C. Frye, Gastonia, N.C.; G. Michael Beeker, Sanford, N.C.; and Billy R. Henderson, Williamston, S.C.
Ginner members are: Kirk D. Gilkey, Corcoran, Calif.; Chris W. Breedlove, Olton, Texas; W. Sledge Taylor III, Como, Miss.; and Van F. Murphy, Quitman, Ga.
Producer members are: C. Heath Watson, Mayesville, S.C.; David M. Dunlow, Gaston, N.C.; Thad R. Freeland, Tillar Ark.; Ben L. Lamensdorf, Cary, Miss.; Craig D. Shook, Corpus Christi, Texas; Jackie L. Burris, Wellman, Texas; Donald J. Cameron, Helm, Calif.; and Diann D. Prechel Shearer, Coolidge, Ariz.
Merchant alternate members are: Claud A. Acker, Bakersfield, Calif.; Richard L. Clarke, Cordova, Tenn.; and John D. Mitchell, Cordova, Tenn.
Manufacturer alternate members are: Trey Hodges, Columbus, Ga.; and H. Malloy Evans, Sanford, N.C.
Ginner alternate members are: Charles C. Owen Sr., Pima, Ariz.; and William R. Greene, Courtland, Ala.
Producer alternate members are: R. Taylor Slade, Williamston, N.C.; William A. Guthrie Jr., Newellton, La.; Robert D. Robbins, Altus, Okla.; and Alisa Ogden, Loving, N.M.
The committee will review the Universal American Upland Cotton Standards and make recommendations to the secretary of agriculture concerning establishment and revision of Universal Cotton Standards. The marketing of U.S. cotton is supported and enhanced through the committee's participation in the development of the standards.
Foreign participation in the Universal Cotton Standards development program is a longstanding tradition, and the committee provides for parallel participation by domestic and international cotton interests.


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Water Damage Cleanup While hurricanes and floods are the cause of thousands of water damage claims each year, water damage isn't limited to the wrath of storms. Burst pipes, clogged water lines, toppled water heaters, overflowing toilets, and automatic fire sprinklers also cause their fair share of flooding. Not only must you stop the water […]
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How to – Water Damage Cleanup
By renet on January 5, 2016 in Water Damage Restoration
The Palms San Francisco Condos Painters
By renet on December 18, 2015 in Condo Painting
The Palms San Francisco Condo's Painters If you have purchased one of the beautiful The Palms San Francisco Condos Painters and if you are looking for a top notch reliable painting contractor to paint your condo before you move in or move out call for a Free Painting Estimate. The Palms San Francisco Condos Painters […]
Detecting Hidden Water Damage
By renet on December 17, 2015 in Water Damage Restoration
Detecting Hidden Water Damage Did you know that water damage can occur without your knowledge? Not all water damage comes from floods. While not nearly as dramatic, the results can be disastrous. For example, what if a pipe bursts in your concrete slab foundation? You won't necessarily know that a pipe has burst. If it […]
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Established in New York in 1888, Kodak is the world's foremost imaging innovator.
By 1900, distribution outlets had been established in England, France, Germany, Italy, and other European countries. A Japanese outlet was under consideration, and construction of a factory in Canada was underway.
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Quote of the Day
Posted by Raznor
It's sure good to have Jesse Taylor back blogging.
I'm consistently amazed at the ways our punditariat has of explaining why every good thing for the Democrats is actually bad. Hillary giving a good speech is bad for Biden and Obama. Biden giving a good speech is even worse for Obama. Obama giving a speech that makes John McCain break down into a quivering mass and announce that his running mate will be his blankie is horrible news for Democrats in general, for we are a people who, particularly heading into the colder months, appreciate and revere our blankies.
It's sure good to have Jesse Taylor back blogging.


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main: January 2007 Archives
An Embarrassment of Riches
Another thing about Semina is it's un-American. In the fifties, when the magazine first began, it was against what in those days we called 'The American Way.' Semina was a long way from the American Way. The American Way was the Korean War, the grey flannel suits, the military preparedness to wage war behind the Iron Curtain or the Bamboo Curtain.
Michael McClure, "On Semina,"
Support the Revolution: Wallace Berman, ICA/Amsterdam, 1992,
How do you fill in the blanks when there are no places or sentences with blanks because the sentences have been filled? And language too? And art history?
Contemplating "Semina Culture: Wallace Berman & His Circle" (Grey Art Gallery, NYU to March 27), I wonder what youth now can make of such stuff. I suppose it could be an inspiration; in fact, I propose it should indeed be an inspiration. You'll see why as I try my best and most sympathetically to describe this now alien phenomenon: art made without an immediate profit in mind; art made the way birds make nests or sing or cry out in warning or pain; art made for other artists, wherever and whomever they are, even if unrecognized by the art machine.
Isn't that embarrassing?
Wallace Berman (1926-76) is one of art's mystery figures. He read a lot, didn't talk much and apparently had a lot of friends. He was the hipster, the proto-Beatnik.
"Semina Culture," a dense compendium of strange artworks and what could be seen as memorabilia, originated at the Santa Monica Museum of Art. I love Berman's anomalous sculpture (Homage to Hesse, 1949) made when he was employed by a furniture-making shop. I also cannot resist Jay DeFeo's (1929-1989) paint-splattered stool, used while she was working on The Rose (1959-66). A little mirror beneath the stool lets you read the inscription: "For Bruce/ love, Jay/ 'we are not what we seem.' " But the core of this multimedia exposé are the issues of Berman's magazine Semina (1955-64). All nine, no two alike, were hand-printed, not bound, came out irregularly, and could not be bought.
Berman sent Semina to friends. The ravages of time have made it all look good, the images and the words having accrued a forlorn patina. But I suspect, given Berman's propensity for fake facsimiles -- see his "parchment" works that some think were influenced by the look of the newly discovered Dead Sea Scrolls -- Semina looked old when it was new. The cases showing the pages of this legendary publication are truly shocking. The mixture of poetry and art and of past and present is no longer possible. Names that pop up are Michael McClure, Jean Cocteau, Herman Hesse, Philip Lamantia, and the mysterious Cameron.
Cameron (1922-95), a follower of black-magician, one-time heroin addict Aleister Crowley, starred in Kenneth Anger's underground film classic Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome. If you don't know who she was, which is likely, you will not know that she was married to a handsome rocket scientist -- occultist Jack Parsons, co-founder of the Jet Propulson Laboratory. He died in a mysterious explosion in his garage. If you have the patience to find out what Parsons might have had to do with the Philadelphia Experiment, the so-called Montauk Project and what this time/space shift, real or not, actually was, then you will be driven totally over the edge.
Currently there is a first-ever exhibition of Cameron's art at the Nicole Klagsbrun gallery.
By the way, also in the Berman Circle of 40 collaborators were Allen Ginsberg, Robert Duncan and Jess, Bruce Conner, Russ Tamblyn, Diane DiPrima, David Meltzer, Zack Walsh, George Herms, DeFeo, Dennis Hopper, Bobby Driscoll, Dean Stockwell, Billy Gray (of Father Knows Best), and Zack Walsh, whose scroll poem needs to be unrolled. In my short list, I intentionally mix poets, artists, and actors. After all, except for a few years in San Francisco, Berman was definitely and definitively the L.A. art magus. Actor and director (Easy Rider) Hopper now has credence as a photographer, and both Driscoll and Stockwell produced some fine photo-collage artworks.
Berman and his wife moved to San Francisco when his one-and-only exhibition in a commercial space (the Ferus Gallery) in 1957 was raided by the L.A. police in search of pornography. They picked up a raunchy, peyote-induced drawing by Moonchild -- red-haired, ex-WAC Marjorie Elizabeth Cameron -- that was on the floor as part of a Berman installation. Berman was brought to trial. His toying with an art career had soured, so he was off to pre-Summer of Love San Francisco, to spread the word.
But in those days -- the '50s and early '60s -- if you were a Bohemian or a Beatnik, the differences between L.A. and San Francisco were not so important. All places in California were under the gun, under the wire, under the radar.
When I was in San Francisco in 1961, people sneered at L.A., but perhaps I had come across the wrong Beatniks. What did they think of Berman, who used Hebrew letters in his art? Why was North Beach so anti-Hollywood? So anti-automobiles and freeways?
Some of my Berman information comes from Support the Revolution: Wallace Berman, ICA/Amsterdam 1992. I had stashed it away for future reference. Possibly because of Berman's interest in the Kabbalah? In any case, there's a discount sticker on it. (I paid $5.98.) So here's another reason why I will never sell my library. The Berman book is full of archival material. Pictures of his early jazz illustrations, the posters he made for others. Lots of Berman mail art that his friends saved.
Had I read the texts? The book looks as good as new. Although I rarely write in books -- good book-training has taken its toll -- I find that on page 41, on the margin of an essay by L.A. Times art critic Christopher Knight called "Instant Artifacts," I penciled in: "touch? dreams? deceptions? rejection? travel? prayer?" This is in regard to Knight's hypothesis concerning Berman's twelve parchment-on-canvas "drawings." Twelve seems to represent the 12 "simple" letters of the Hebrew alphabet, 12 months of the year, and "the 12 avenues of human experience: sight, smell, hearing, speech, taste, sexuality, work, movement, anger, humor, imagination and sleep."
So Berman gave away his magazine. As an artist, he also had a scandalous tendency to embrace one-day exhibitions, sometimes in community centers (Topanga Community House, 1967) or saloons (the Mermaid Tavern, 1973). But as a gallerist himself, during his S.F. stint, sojourn, exile, he perpetuated brief, one-day exhibitions for others on his houseboat in Marin County, hours 3 -5. Almost everything else was Mail Art. Or drugs.
Berman died in a car crash in Topango Canyon. But, as befitted the time, some of his cohorts, according to wall texts, were done in by bad chemicals.
Ben Talbert (1933-74) died from an overdose.
Arthur Richer (1928-1965), addicted to barbiturates, alcohol, and heroin, died of an overdose.
"After 15 years consumed by drug addiction," actor/artist Bobby Driscoll (b. 1937), who starred as the little boy in The Window, died in 1968, his body "discovered in an abandoned Greenwich Village tenement."
But there were other ways of dying:
Lew Welch (1926-71) suffering from depression "disappeared into the woods of Northern California and his body was never found."
John Reed (1933-01) became addicted to methamphetamines and ended up living on the grounds of the Pasadena Public Library.
Loree Foxx (1929-72) was arrested as an indigent while traveling through Arizona. When she had an asthma attack, she "was given medicine that killed her."
Billy Jahrmarkt (1936-73) was fascinated with guns and, living in Afghanistan, "accidentally shot himself and bled to death."
Wallace Berman: Silence Series #7, courtesy Corcoran Gallery of Art Museum, purchase William A. Clark Fund. www.corcoran.org. For illustrational, educational purposes only.
These were artists with no strong signature. Berman himself, it turns out, did have a signature artwork: the Verifax collage. Verifax was a messy, pre-Xerox duplicating system. In New York, I once had a temp job Verifaxing documents for a management consultant firm. I can still smell the chemicals. Berman used the image of a hand holding up a transistor radio as his template, affixing other images where the speaker would be: pop, personal, pulchritudinous, political, particular. The images were lined up in a grid, or sometimes like a hand or a fan of cards.
He also painted Hebrew letters on stones. In regard to his use of the Hebrew alphabet, most commentators find no sense or meaning in the letters. They are there because, as everyone knows, G-d created the universe using the Hebrew alphabet -- and, some say, also used the spaces between the letters and within the letters.
Berman himself did not limit himself. He even concocted a film. The eight-minute Aleph (1956-66) is on view at the Grey. It's a kind of painted-over collage of Verifax subject matter with the feel of a bebop riff, revealing the artist's longtime appreciation of jazz. Berman painted directly on the 8mm film; the globs of once-red paint break into flecks and fragments, recalling his earlier "parchment" pieces. It is one of the great, great underground films. And not nearly as appreciated as it should be.
Berman's motto was: Art is Love is God.
Isn't that embarrassing?
Berman was lucky. He had curator Walter Hopps (1932-2005) to promote him. The self-taught Hopps was co-founder of the Ferus Gallery and then went on to a brilliant museum career, first as curator and then director of the Pasadena Museum of Art, where he inaugurated the first Duchamp museum retrospective and the first museum survey of Pop Art in 1962. Then on to the Menil Collection in Houston. Hopps considered Berman seminal, at least for California art.
L.A. needed an art history not connected to universities and art schools, which were already taking over. L.A. needed an underground art to match up with L.A. Noir. California needed an avant-garde.
REMINDER: IF YOU'D LIKE AN EMAIL ARTOPIA ALERT WHEN I POST NEW ENTRIES CONTACT ME AT email@example.com
And the Winners Are.....
As much as I dislike end-of-the-year, best-of lists or awards of any kind (unless I am on the receiving end), the temptations are hard to resist: praising, hackle-raising, poisoning, and positioning. So for the first time ever, here we have the Artopia Awards for 2006.
Best Solo in a Museum: Douglas Gordon at MoMA
Too old to be emerging and too young for a retrospective, Gordon was just perfect for MoMA, badly in need of at least some inkling of the avant-garde. Gordon's 24 Hour Psycho film projection is still breathtaking. One question: if you show at Gagosian, as Gordon does, are you still cutting-edge? Might be possible. Robert Smithson created his Spiral Jetty when he was showing with Virginia Dwan, although the parallel is far from exact.
Best Design Exhibition: Andrea Zittel: from A - Z at the New Museum. Or is her clothing, seating, and housing all really art?
Biggest Design Disappointment: Droog at the Museum of Arts and Design.
The key works of this celebrated Dutch design group look better in isolation than all together, no matter how cleverly displayed. In some high-end store, they jump out at you in opposition to standard product. Droog works best in real life, not in a museum context. Some design objects work only in museums. What does this mean?
Best Museum Retrospective of a Painter: Brice Marden at MoMA.
Not a can of worms (which is what one evil artist called the squiggle paintings); not the end of painting. Perfectly selected by curator Gary Garrels.
Best Mid-Career Museum Survey of a Sculptor: Kiki Smith: A Gathering .
At the Whitney, but initiated by Walker Art Center, Minneapolis. Could have been scarier, but still a triumph of inspiration and nerve.
Best Use of Craft Materials: Kiki Smith
Best Use of Glass: Kiki Smith
Best Museum Exhibition of a Deceased Artist: Eva Hesse at the Jewish Museum
Brief, all too brief. In only a few years, Hesse provided precedence for much of what was to follow.
Most Photogenic Museum Addition: Libeskind's Denver Art Museum.
I was disappointed by his Holocaust Museum in Berlin, which also made good pictures, so I'll wait until I actually walk around and inside the Denver building. I have been fooled before. On the basis of photographs and the architect's pontifications, I hated Peter Eisenmann's Wexner Art Center in Columbus -- until I actually visited.
Biggest Hype: ArtBasel Miami Beach
Do we really need to go to Miami Beach to shop for art? In the company of collectors from Palm Beach and Des Moines? Plus, in terms of emerging artists, we can see enough bad art right here in Chelsea.
Best New Artist: Aaron Young
...at Positions at ArtBasel Miami Beach.
The 73-year-old master of techknopaegnia (the shaped-poem), author of
The Gates of Paradise, is not the counter-tenor.
Best Art Book: A tie between Friedland and Zellman's The Fellowship: The Untold Story of Frank Lloyd Wright and the Taliesin Fellowship and Henry Adams' Eakins Revealed.
Biography must be brave, as here. After you read The Fellowship you will never be able to look at a Wright building in quite the same way. After the Eakins biography you will really understand why the artist got into all that trouble.
Best Contribution to Gay History: The Fellowship and Eakins Revealed.
Wright was not gay, but wife Olivanna encouraged male-male hanky-panky. Eakins ate out every night with the same muscled fellow.
Best Contribution to Mysticism and Art: The Fellowship.
Thanks to high-ranking Gurdjieff disciple Olivanna, Gurdjieff himself barreled through.
Best Biography of an Art Dealer: Lindsay Pollock's The Girl With the Gallery: Edith Gregor Halpert and the Making of the Modern Art Market.
Edith Halpert founded the pioneering Downtown Gallery in Greenwich Village, and art and art marketing were never the same. She even seems to have been the first to peddle shows of her artists to museums around the country. That Halpert became a major diva (without wearing Prada), and in her later years became paranoid to boot, is a warning to all art dealers.
Best Museum Installation: L. A. Noir.
Designed by the Servo Collective at the Santa Monica Museum of Art; Joshua Dechter, curator. A tentacled monster with video monitors at the end of each stalk, in the dark.
Best Museum Eats: Café Sabarsky at the Neue Galerie
The strudel is better than any overpriced Klimt.
Worst Placement of Elevators in a Museum: MoMA
We know why department stores hide their elevators -- to force everyone to take the escalators, thus showing off each floor's merchandise. But here the merchandise is on the first floor with a small outlet on the sixth, so it doesn't make any sense.
Best Expansion News
The Whitney will build a branch on the High Line elevated park at the Meatpacking District end point, and leave its Breuer Building -- and its sensitive townhouse neighbors -- alone.
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Terry Teachout on the arts in New York City
Andrew Taylor on the business of arts & culture
rock culture approximately
Laura Collins-Hughes on arts, culture and coverage
Richard Kessler on arts education
Douglas McLennan's blog
Dalouge Smith advocates for the Arts
Art from the American Outback
For immediate release: the arts are marketable
No genre is the new genre
David Jays on theatre and dance
Paul Levy measures the Angles
Judith H. Dobrzynski on Culture
John Rockwell on the arts
Jan Herman - arts, media & culture with 'tude
Apollinaire Scherr talks about dance
Tobi Tobias on dance et al...
Howard Mandel's freelance Urban Improvisation
Focus on New Orleans. Jazz and Other Sounds
Doug Ramsey on Jazz and other matters...
Jeff Weinstein's Cultural Mixology
Martha Bayles on Film...
classical music
Fresh ideas on building arts communities
Greg Sandow performs a book-in-progress
Exploring Orchestras w/ Henry Fogel
Harvey Sachs on music, and various digressions
Bruce Brubaker on all things Piano
Kyle Gann on music after the fact
Greg Sandow on the future of Classical Music
Norman Lebrecht on Shifting Sound Worlds
Jerome Weeks on Books
Scott McLemee on books, ideas & trash-culture ephemera
Wendy Rosenfield: covering drama, onstage and off
Chloe Veltman on how culture will save the world
Public Art, Public Space
Regina Hackett takes her Art To Go
John Perreault's art diary
Lee Rosenbaum's Cultural Commentary
Tyler Green's modern & contemporary art blog


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Database and Index Types
| General References and Guides
This article is part of a series.
|Introduction to the General References and Guides
|Overview of Databases and Indexes
|Database and Index Types
|List of Specific Databases and Indexes
|Library Catalogs
|List of Useful Finding Aid References
This article originally appeared in "General References and Guides" by Kory L. Meyerink, MLS, AG, FUGA in The Source: A Guidebook to American Genealogy
This article lists a number of database and index types.
- 1 Biography Indexes
- 2 Census Indexes
- 3 Electronic Family Trees
- 4 Ethnic Societies
- 5 Genealogy Indexes
- 6 Immigration Indexes
- 7 Indexes to Original Records
- 8 Local History Indexes
- 9 Local Societies
- 10 Military Indexes
- 11 Online Academic Research Sources
- 12 Query Files and Online Forums
- 13 Periodical Indexes
- 14 References
- 15 External Links
Biography Indexes
At least 12 million Americans have been the subject of a biographical sketch in collective biography volumes. While many of these sketches are in local histories, more than 5 million appear in books with a nationwide scope, including biographical dictionaries and encyclopedias such as Who's Who in America and Men and Women of Science. Not only do biographical sketches provide information about the subject's birth, marriage, death, and family, they also usually provide biographical information seldom available in other sources. This may include occupations, political and religious affiliations, military service, educational achievements, lifetime accomplishments, and much more.
Fortunately, locating such sketches has become much easier in the past two decades. To determine if someone has published a brief biography about an ancestor or relative, you must use biographical sources. They are best accessed by a growing number of indexes, many of which are introduced in this chapter. For more information on the following indexes, and many more, as well as the kinds of records they index and how to evaluate them, see chapter 18, 'Biographies,' in Printed Sources.
Census Indexes
After more than three decades of work by hundreds of individuals and dozens of organizations in the genealogical field, statewide census indexes now exist for all extant federal censuses taken from 1790 through 1930. These indexes exist in many forms, including book, microfilm, microfiche, CD-ROM, and Internet databases. Furthermore, for most indexes, more than one index exists, permitting researchers to overcome the inherent problems with census indexes. The following discussion can only provide an overview of the nature, use, and cautions when using census indexes. For more information on census indexes, how to evaluate them, and how to overcome their limitations, see chapter 9, 'Censuses and Tax Lists,' in Printed Sources.
Observe caution when using census indexes. For example, the indexers may not have been well-trained in early American handwriting; most census indexes have been made from microfilm copies, and the writing may have been faded or difficult to read. Most indexes for the 1850 and later censuses contain only the heads of households and persons in the households with different surnames. Often, two or more indexes exist for the same census; if possible, use them all. However, do not depend on the index alone. If an ancestor was known to have lived in a county when a census was taken but does not appear in the index, search the entire township or county. In larger cities for the post-1850 period, city directories may be helpful as a type of index.
Electronic Family Trees
One of the most significant types of genealogical databases spawned by the arrival of personal computers in genealogy is the growing collection of electronic family trees. Often these computer files are wrongly called GEDCOM (which stands for Genealogical Data Communications) files, after the file format that allows sharing of genealogical data between software programs. Regardless of their designation, with more than one billion names circulating in such files, all readily searchable, in part or in full, via the Internet, they deserve the attention of all serious family historians. A solid understanding of these increasingly important tools includes knowing the nature and type of such trees, as well as how to search and evaluate them.
Electronic Family Trees are computerized databases of family history information compiled by individual genealogists that represent the core findings of the genealogist's research. Today, virtually every genealogist uses one or more computer programs to file, store, and manage the information they find about their family during their research. These 'database management programs,' such as Family Tree Maker (FTM), Legacy, The Master Genealogist (TMG), Personal Ancestral File (PAF), Ancestral Quest, and Roots Magic are discussed elsewhere. It is the publicly distributed output of these programs that is of current interest.
The hallmarks of an electronic family tree include the following elements of the database which are used to manage the data:
- It describes an individual in terms of genealogical identifiers'names with at least some key dates and places (including birth, marriage, and death).
- It links those individuals to other individuals in the database by birth or marriage.
- The database uses standard data fields to permit consistency in searching and presentation (it is not just electronic text).
- It may be published on the Internet and/or on CD-ROM or other electronic media.
- It identifies the name and contact information for the submitter.
- It can usually be shared (downloaded) using the GEDCOM format.
Some electronic family trees also include the following elements (at the discretion of the submitter):
- Source citations
- Notes made by the compiler
These individual electronic family tree databases reside on the creator's computer, or may be published on a personal website, copied to a CD-ROM, or contributed to any of a number of large online collections.
Types of Electronic Collections
There are two major types of electronic family tree collections: merged and unmerged. In a merged database, all new information submitted by an individual is merged with the existing information, resulting in a list with no duplicate entries. While, in theory, it keeps the database organized, it opens the door to wrong information being merged into the database to exist alongside or, in some cases, to the exclusion of correct information.
To alleviate this concern, most collections of electronic family trees today consist of unmerged databases. Thousands of individual researchers submit their own, self-researched, electronic family tree to a collection. There it resides side-by-side with the contributions of other researchers. Often the same person is included on several family trees. It is then left up to each researcher to evaluate the various entries for the same person and decide which (if any) is correct. Of course, a relative may appear ten, twenty, or even thirty or more times in the same database, if many different people have included him or her in their contribution. For early American ancestors, this is not uncommon.
Searching Electronic Family Trees
While anyone can post their own genealogical database to their personal Web page, the vast majority are published at one (or more) of a number of websites that specifically collect electronic family trees. These sites have each developed a separate name for their collection, along with a search engine that generally allows powerful searches, beyond just first and last names.
Searching electronic family trees can be challenging. The problem with searching such collections is matching the researcher's knowledge to the information in the database. If the submitter only included the individual's name, then including a birth date on the search form will not locate the submitted entry. If the data file reports that John Jones was born 'about 1870' then a search for John Jones born 1873 will not identify him in the database.
When searching such collections, the usual rule of thumb is to provide less information, rather than more. If the collection returns too many 'hits' or matches, then refine the search with more detail. Depending on the search engine, it is usually better to add a child or parent to the search, rather than a place or date. While other researchers may have input a slightly different place or date, the name of a close relative is more likely to be the same.
However, even this often does not work. If the searcher uses the individual's child as a close relative, but the database has the individual as the most recent generation, listing no children, and linked only to parents, such a search request will not find the person being sought. Therefore, try a number of different searches, including different information each time. This may mean other versions of the name, alternate birth or death dates, or places. Try broadening the place. Using 'Montana' for the place may be more successful than the more specific 'Hamilton, Ravalli, Montana.'
The great benefit of electronic family trees, of course, is that the researcher can gain some key clues about entire new branches for his or her own family tree. Often a previous researcher has had access to information and sources another researcher has no knowledge of, or has not yet taken the time to find.
Conversely, one of the great limitations of most electronic family trees is the failure of the submitter to include source citations, or even notes indicating where the information came from. Without such information, it is very difficult to verify the data.
Evaluation of Electronic Family Trees
Evaluating the information in electronic family trees is made more difficult by the typical lack of source citation or notes in most such trees. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the new information and compare it to known information. Due to the rampant copying of family trees, it is not satisfactory to simply determine the number of similar (or identical) entries for the persons in question.
The first step in evaluating the information found is to understand how it was probably gathered. The most common sources for the information in electronic family trees include the following:
- Personal knowledge of some family member who provided it to the compiler by way of letter, e-mail, phone call, or other means
- Other electronic family trees published previously
- Published genealogies or family history books
- Journal articles about the family
- Published lineages, such as descent from a Revolutionary War patriot
- Previous research findings by an earlier member of the family
Following are a few guidelines to use when evaluating information in electronic family trees:
First, examine the individual's record for any source citations or notes, and read them carefully. Make sure they pertain to the individual, and not just to the family tree in general, or a different family in the tree. For example, if the 1850 census is cited, but the person was born in 1856, that source does not pertain to that person, although it may well pertain to the parents.
Second, precise dates (day, month, year) and places (town, county, country) suggest there was some credible source behind that data, even if it is not cited. Most researchers don't just make up the data. Determine what sources could have existed for that place, time period, and ethnic group from which the information may have been obtained. For example, since Ohio did not keep any kind of birth records before 1867, an exact birth date and place in 1842 in Ohio usually suggests either a church record, cemetery inscription, death record, or some family record (such as a Bible). Third, examine the whole tree where the individual appears. Are sources given for some persons? Are there several generations with minimal information, such as just names, with no places or dates (or vague places and dates)? Are there just one or two children in many families? These are clues regarding how carefully (or sloppily) the tree was compiled.
Fourth, seek original records (censuses, death certificates, probate files, and so forth) for the persons of interest which can provide some substantiation of the facts given in the file. You may never find a corroborating document for every fact stated in such databases. True facts sometimes come from sources no longer extant or accessible. Careful research will permit you to judge the validity of the information as a whole.
Ethnic Societies
Societies devoted to researching particular ethnic groups can provide information from data submitted by their members. Two examples of databases that pertain to specific ethnic groups are P.O.I.N.T. (Pursuing Our Italian Names Together), and the Jewish Genealogical People Finder.
As with local societies, ethnic societies generally have an Internet presence, and are readily found through general search engines. Directories identifies additional means of identifying and locating such societies.
Genealogy Indexes
Before conducting extensive research, find out if a genealogy (or family history) for the surname of interest has already been published. Such a find can be of great value, allowing you to build on previous research instead of redoing the same work. Tens of thousands of such works have been published. Many trace the descendants of one person through several generations; others trace the ancestors of a couple. Various combinations also exist but, generally, such books are based on one surname. The use of indexes, catalogs, and bibliographies, many of which are introduced in this chapter, are the critical tools for determining if someone has compiled a history or genealogy that includes your family.
Immigration Indexes
The topic of immigration to the United States is also discussed in chapter 9, 'Immigration Records.' Immigration records are generally available in two forms: printed lists taken from manuscripts or compilations and unpublished manuscript lists. A mammoth, ongoing work seeking to index all printed immigration records is P. William Filby's Passenger and Immigration Lists Index. This work contains more than five million personal names filed alphabetically and includes age (if given), destination, and source citations for approximately 4,000 printed immigration lists. Supplements add approximately 150,000 names every year. Supplements are cumulated every five years. This index has been published on CD-ROM by Family Tree Maker (Genealogy.com) and is available as part of the immigration database at Ancestry.com. Of course, as with all on-going indexes, the CD-ROM is less and less complete as new entries are added to the index, necessitating updates every few years. Two excellent articles by P. William Filby in the Genealogical Journal explain this project: 'Published Passenger Lists' (1979) and 'Published Passenger Lists' (1983). Several other projects and indexes are mentioned in the latter article.
Of the more than 20 million people who came to the United States in the nineteenth century, most are now included in published (book or especially electronic) immigration lists. Many arrival lists compiled by ports of entry survived and have been microfilmed by the National Archives. Indexes exist for arrivals at the following ports for the years indicated:
- Baltimore: 1820'74, 1852'97, 1853'66
- Boston: 1848'91
- Mobile, Alabama: 1820'62
- New Bedford, Massachusetts: 1823'74
- New Orleans: 1820'50 and 1853'99
- New York City: 1820'46 and 1897'1902
- Philadelphia: 1800'1906, 1820'74
These indexes are available at the National Archives and its regional branches and at the Family History Library, as well as larger genealogical libraries. Most of these lists are now also indexed on the Internet. Also see Genealogical Research in the National Archives, and Loretto Dennis Szucs's and Sandra Hargreaves Luebking's The Archives: A Guide to the National Archives Field Branches.
Indexes to Original Records
Most indexes to original records exist on a state, county, or other local level. However, some indexes, or types of indexes, pertain to research in an entire country, and deserve brief mention here.
Vital Records
The major databases for vital records are discussed throughout this chapter (see International Genealogical Index, Vital Records Index, and U.S. Social Security Death Index). However, since indexes to vital records differ from the databases, some important aspects of those indexes should be mentioned here. As indicated, databases include most of the significant information about an event, for example, the exact date and place of a birth or death, and the parent's names. Many indexes provide much less information. Sometimes only the name of the subject and the year of the event are given, along with a reference number. In large indexes, this may make it difficult to determine which entry pertains to the person a researcher is seeking.
Large indexes may also make it difficult to recognize the subject of the search, if the name was recorded with a much different spelling. The 'wrong' spelling of the name may be many pages away from the spelling being searched. Electronic indexes (on the Internet or CD-ROM), may not permit easy searching for variant spellings. Therefore, where possible, search indexes at the smallest locality possible, such as the county for vital records, or the specific church or cemetery. This will help eliminate 'noise,' or false positives, in the search.
Each state should have an index to the births, marriages, and deaths they have recorded since they required registration at the statewide level. However, those indexes have at least two drawbacks. First, they generally will not include such vital records as were recorded at the local (usually county) level prior to state requirements. Second, many of those indexes are not readily searchable by genealogists. Rather, the researcher must submit a request, with payment, to have whatever index exists searched by a government employee. This does not allow the researcher to carefully search the index for themselves, so it is not known how thoroughly the index was searched.
While privacy rights continue to keep some records closed, and sometimes close records that were previously public, some states have made efforts to provide publicly available indexes of their vital records. Most commonly this is done with death records, although some statewide marriage and birth records exist. Usually birth or marriage indexes are only public long after the events occurred, and the participants are likely to be deceased.
In conjunction with the Social Security Death Index (see the section later in this chapter), the growing number of statewide death indexes provides increasing coverage for twentieth century deaths (and some from earlier dates). Most of the states have made indexes to some or all of their death records available. Most are posted on the Internet, while others are available only on microfilm. Often the Internet indexes are simply another edition of an earlier microfilm index.
Local History Indexes
Many printed genealogies and biographies are buried in the thousands of local histories that have been published throughout the United States in the last century and a half. Once found, they can produce added insight on a particular ancestor'a father's name or place of origin, for example'or add several generations to a lineage. Most local histories are not yet available on the Internet, and must be accessed at the libraries where the books are housed. The proper use of available indexes can greatly assist in identifying and finding these sources, as well as learning if an ancestor may be discussed within its pages.
For more information on the following indexes, and many more, as well as the kinds of records they index and how to evaluate them, see chapter 17, 'County and Local Histories,' in Printed Sources. Those that are generally nationwide in scope are described in the Specific Databases and Indexes section that follows.
Statewide Indexes
A relatively recent development is the creation of statewide indexes to local histories. Many every-name indexes have been published for individual local histories; now works are appearing that include many histories in one alphabetical index. These are personal-name indexes to those for whom a sketch or important information is available. They are not every-name indexes to all the books included. When using these indexes, check every sketch in an area of interest (county, city) for all people having the surname of interest. In this way the ancestor may be found, even if not the subject of a sketch. Statewide biographical sketch indexes are available (usually published as books, but sometimes existing only as card files) for Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. A complete discussion of both published and manuscript indexes, including bibliographic citations, is in chapter 16, 'County and Local Histories,' of Printed Sources.
Local Societies
Many county historical and genealogical societies maintain files of their members' interests. Such files usually include families from the locality served by the society. The information in them reflects the findings of society members as they have researched families of their areas. Since the societies' focus is on serving their members, they are usually quite helpful in connecting inquiries to members with the same family or surname. Most have websites that reflect their area of coverage, and many have posted databases and indexes to local collections.
Locating genealogical societies has become easier in recent years. Searching for them by name in an Internet search engine will usually locate their site. If the name is unknown, or uncertain, use generic terms in the search engine, such as the name of the county or city and the words genealogical and society. The Federation of Genealogical Societies (FGS) is an umbrella organization to which many (but not all) genealogical societies belong. The FGS website includes links to the home pages of their member societies.
Military Indexes
Almost every United States genealogist has one or more ancestors who served in the military, thus creating great interest in military records. In fact, many lineage societies have been formed around service in a particular war. A few select military indexes are mentioned in the Specific Databases and Indexes section that follows.
Many books have been compiled on those who served in other U.S. wars, as described in Military Records. Also see the discussion of lineage societies in Hereditary and Lineage Organizations.
Online Academic Research Sources
Many libraries have integrated computer technology, CD-ROM databases, and online searching into their reference services. Library personnel can obtain information from hundreds of subscription databases, including America, History and Life, Historical Abstracts, Comprehensive Dissertation Abstracts, Encyclopedia of Associations, National Newspaper Abstracts, Standard and Poor's News Service, Social Science Citation Index, ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center), and many others.
Typically these databases and indexes have been developed over the last thirty to forty years by major corporations who provide the information, for a fee, to libraries (and sometimes, independent researchers). One such corporation is ProQuest, which vends its genealogical sources under the name Heritage Quest Online. Another is Gale Research Co., which provides libraries with online subscription access to biographies and other genealogically useful material.
However, some indexes and databases, such as those listed above, have genealogical value but are not part of typical genealogical packages from these library vendors. Generally their genealogical value is limited to certain situations and circumstances, but the diligent researcher should be aware of them. Such subscriptions are popular at academic and many major public libraries. Depending on the subscription arrangements, library patrons can access some of these research tools from their homes via the Internet. Others can only be used onsite at the library.
Such research tools require little time to search. They can provide bibliographies of books and articles of interest, including locations of specific reference materials that can be borrowed through interlibrary loan. As an example, one search required just seconds to search 9,000 periodicals covering a ten-year period, yielding thirty-two entries of specific interest. It would have taken at least four months to physically search those periodicals, even with the best of indexes.
Most of these databases are now being distributed on the Internet, although CD-ROM versions are also offered for many. They are available at local research libraries. Usually there is no charge for the researcher to use them because the library pays an annual subscription fee as part of their operating budget. Sources of interest to the genealogist now on CD-ROM (and also available online) include Biography Index, America, History and Life, Biography and Genealogy Master Index, Congressional Masterfile, and others.
Many experienced genealogists conduct research in academic libraries. Although large and organized for academic studies, these facilities have the funds to purchase some of the most important research tools available'many of them discussed throughout this book. Almost every academic library has a website where you can explore the potentials for research before signing up. It may be necessary to pay a fee to become a 'Friend of the Library' or an Associate in order to gain borrowing privileges and a library card.
Query Files and Online Forums
A useful but often overlooked form of index is the query file. A query is a kind of 'want ad' that is published in genealogical periodicals. Individual researchers write brief descriptions of the family they are seeking in the hopes of locating others who know more about the family. The query is a popular approach in genealogy for learning if others are researching a particular family. Almost every genealogical society or periodical maintains or prints a query file for its members or subscribers. In addition, some periodicals exist specifically to publish queries. In a very real sense, queries are indexes to ongoing research. The query seldom contains significant genealogical material, but it does, like other indexes, refer to a source for more information. If a researcher is not a member of the society or does not subscribe to the periodical, there is usually a small fee to place a query. The files or publications, however, are usually available for research at no cost. Over time, the addresses associated with queries often become out of date as researchers move. However, the society that maintains the file may have the researcher's present address.
Periodical Indexes
For more than 150 years, genealogists and genealogical societies have been printing periodicals (serials, journals, or magazines) that include a large variety of original sources, abstracts, transcripts, how-to articles, and compiled family histories. Periodicals spawn periodical indexes, which, even though not every-name indexes, are very helpful. Some of the indexes mentioned above include some genealogical periodicals, but the following focus exclusively on periodicals. For more information on the following indexes, and others, as well as the kinds of records they index and how to evaluate them, see chapter 19, 'Genealogical Periodicals,' in Printed Sources.
Vital Records Databases
Vital records are the building blocks of genealogy. With these records of births, marriages, and deaths, and the locations of those events, the family historian builds a family tree. Hence, they are among the most popular of records. Therefore, some of the most significant databases used in genealogy deal with vital records. Although the term 'Vital Records' in the United States tends to refer to government-created records of births, deaths, or marriages, this chapter uses the broader definition, understood in Europe and elsewhere, as any collection of births, marriages, and/or deaths. The chief difference is that under such a definition, information from church registers and some other sources is also considered vital records.
Coming soon...


text:
EAST RUTHERFORD, N.J. — Referee Jerome Boger explained in a pool report the penalty committed by Patriots defensive tackle Chris Jones that negated a missed Jets field goal in overtime. Nick Folk soon made a 42-yarder to win the game 30-27 Sunday.
Pool reporter Mike Reiss asked Boger: "Please explain the penalty that was called on No. 94 (Jones) on the field goal."
Boger: "The call was that No. 94 on the defense pushed his teammate into the formation. That is a rule change for 2013 that a teammate cannot push a teammate into the opponents' formation."
Reiss: "Is it any type of push? Is it a two-handed push?"
"Any push. It could be with the body, not necessarily with the hand, but with the body into his teammate, into the formation. It's any type of pushing action."
Reiss: "Is there anything else to go over with this penalty?"
Boger: "No, the umpire's flag went up almost instantaneously as he observed the action. We just enforced it as he called it.
Reiss: "And that's a 15-yard penalty."
Boger: "For unsportsmanlike conduct."
AP NFL website: www.pro32.ap.org
Cops & Courts
SWAT team deployed for drug investigation in South Portland
Debate brews over splitting agriculture, conservation agency
Longtime Bridgton charity ski race canceled
Hannaford to open 2nd Brunswick store
Video: Tom Caron, Press Herald's Mike Lowe talk Red Sox, share lots of laughs


text: Robert Tidwell is an artist, writer, and activist in the Inland Empire, a region of Southern California. By using items that are easily accessible, I create a multimedia experience which investigates the connection between mysticism and art making. My work is both a critique and a celebration of various aspects of that which we call spiritual, in order to better understand the natural world. Spirituality is an odd area for an atheist to work but I have grappled with trying to understand my spiritual self since a young age, and no religious institution has resonated with me as deeply as art making has.My work is grounded in mysticism, social justice activism, and counter culture identities. I hope that my work resembles the work of the Insane Clown Posse in that it is the telling of stories about people on the fringe, and how we cope with, and recover from, trauma.My writing and art are also influenced by the works of Neil Gaiman, Dave McKean, Octavia E. Butler, Tananarive Due, Sam Kieth, the Sun City Girls, primitive art practices, the occult, and outsider art.Whether working in writing, or visual art, I get lost in the noise and chaos of my inner self. I try to hone in on an emotional thread that leads to the "eye of the storm" where I'm able to fixate and focus on turning the inner noise into serenity. This is where the art happens. I find the chord that strikes within me and let intuition take control. My art becomes something even I was not expecting because problem solving and improvisation are driving factors in my creative process. I can't predict what will resonate with me until I am in the moment. I explore different mediums so that I am constantly learning something new and surprising myself. The moment when something unexpected happens and I have to adjust is when I really begin to understand what a piece will be.Although my work tends to have a quite somberness, the loud clamoring of music fuels its creation. Music is always at the center of my art even when I'm working in a medium that does not incorporate sound. The energy and rhythm of drums, the tension of a throbbing bass and the often shouted vocals of punk and hip hop groups drive my work flow by provoking emotion and encouraging me to strive towards being heard.


text:
Oct. 3, 2004
CAMBRIDGE, MASS. - Middlebury's Brian Waldron outlasted MIT's Evan Tindell in three sets to ensure the 2004 New England Regional Men's Tennis Singles Championship and an automatic berth in the National Small College Championships. Meanwhile, Middlebury's sophomore tandem of Kevin Bergesen and George Mayer cruised to the doubles championship with an 8-5 victory over McAfee Burke and Garrett Gates of Bowdoin.
Tindell, who was the tournament's No. 1 seed and the reigning National Small College Men's Tennis Champion, was defeated in the finals of the singles competition by scores of 6-3, 1-6, 6-3. Waldron, this weekend's No. 3 seed, overpowered Tindell's baseline attacks with a huge forehand and impressive serve en route to the title.
Both Waldron and Tindell labored to secure spots in the finals as each semifinal lasted three sets. Waldron upended Danny Babkes of Amherst, 7-6 (5), 4-6, 6-2, in his semifinal match, while Tindell knocked off Nate Edmunds of Middlebury, 4-6, 6-4, 6-1. Edmonds reached the semifinals in straight sets against three opponents before falling against Tindell.
In doubles, Bergesen and Mayer completed the sweep for Middlebury men's tennis with their fifth consecutive win on the weekend. Both teams to reach the finals were unseeded, a turn from the singles competition in which three of the top four seeds reached the semifinals.
In the consolation draws, MIT's Eric Beren out dueled Garrett Gates, 2-6, 6-3, 10-3, to win the singles crown. Colby College's John Fallon and Ben Crane took top honors in the doubles consolation draw after an 8-6 win over Patrick Keneally and Barrett Lawson of Bowdoin.


text:
OpenXava 4.2.3 released
XavaPro 5.3 released
May 26, 2015
The OpenXava team is pleased to inform you that a new version of XavaPro is already available.
XavaPro 5.3 has the next new features:
- Creating and modifying from a reference is not possible if the module of the referenced entity is not available for the user.
- Restricting the new and save action for a module restricts also the creation and modification from references to that type.
- Sections support for mobile UI.
- Groups support for mobile UI.
- Collections support for mobile UI.
- Application name is no longer shown in the modules info in administration modules.
- Includes OpenXava 5.3.
- Fix: Empty frame when the first element is a reference in mobile UI.
Security for referencesIn XavaPro 5.3 if you remove the access to the default module of an entity, modifying and creating from references to that entity is not allowed and if you restrict access to New and Save actions, it restricts access to creating and modifying from references too.
For example, if using the roles management you restrict the actions New and Save to the Customer module, thus:
When a user of that role is in the Invoice module he cannot modify or create customers:
Note as the actions for modifying and creating customers are not present in customer reference, only search is available.
Groups, sections and collections in mobile UINow most of the UI available for desktop works also in mobile, with your current code, of course.
For example, here you have a "Book info" group:
And here four sections for the invoice data:
Finally, a collection of products in author:
Try it yourself:
http://www.openxava.org/XavaPro (User: demo, Password: demo)
If you want to try the mobile features access to above URL using your mobile phone.
To learn more go to the XavaPro page.
If you're an Enterprise user you will receive an email with the upgraded Enterprise edition.


text:
Three Ridgecrest area organizations are coming together on Saturday, Nov. 10 by taking around 100 low-income children on a clothing shopping spree.
Three Ridgecrest area organizations are coming together on Saturday, Nov. 10 by taking around 100 low-income children on a clothing shopping spree.
The Altrusa Club of the Indian Wells Valley, headed by club president Renee Whitman, is collaborating with the Southern Sierra Boys and Girls Club and the High Desert Leapin' Lizards on its KidSpree event as a means to help support children in need of warm winter clothes, according to Altrusa KidSpree Chair Mary Noh.
"We purchase winter clothing for the children who might not have the proper clothes," Noh said.
With KidSpree, children from the first to fifth grades will be escorted by chaperone "shoppers" to shop for clothes at Kmart and Walmart. Each of the 100 children will be able to purchase $75 worth of warm clothing for the upcoming winter.
"Some of these children have never had new clothing," Noh said. "Some might go to school without warm clothes during the winter."
Noh said that there have been several sponsors for this year's event, including $1,000 from the Evan Etosch Memorial Foundation, a $1,000 donation from Walmart and a $250 from the China Lake Rotary Club. Several other individuals and organizations have donated as well, including two locals who recently contributed $75 each.
Noh said that Altrusa Club was still accepting donations or volunteers.
In addition McDonald's of Ridgecrest will provide all the children with a Sausage McMuffin breakfast and Burger King will provide apple juice.
Trisha Miller, chief professional officer for the Southern Sierra Boys and Girls Club, said KidSpree recalled one year where it helped a boy.
"I have seen a child that did not have the proper clothes that year," Miller said. "After that one KidSpree, that one boy had pants that fit and walked with a different sense of self-esteem."
Miller said that the event was pivotal in terms of self-esteem.
"It's a huge self-esteem boost just to have clothes that fit properly," she said. "It's not a hand-out, it's a hand up."
Both Noh and Miller said the best way the community at large could contribute is either donate to Altrusa, Southern Sierra Boys and Girls Club or Leapin' Lizards by donating their time as a volunteer "shopper" next Saturday, Nov. 10 from 7:30 a.m to 9 a.m.
For more information or to volunteer, people can contact Mary Noh at (760) 382-5205.


text:
Oklahoma's inclement weather has struck again.
With temperatures in the high 30s Monday, and near 100 percent chances of snow remaining in effect until Tuesday, city and school officials made preparations to maintain safety.
Oklahoma's inclement weather has struck again.
With temperatures in the high 30s Monday, and near 100 percent chances of snow remaining in effect until Tuesday, city and school officials made preparations to maintain safety.
Bethel Public Schools Superintendent Jerry Johnson did not send students home early Monday, because parents had already gone to work and officials did not want to send children home to empty houses.
Johnson added that he hoped to have made a decision regarding whether or not the school would be open Tuesday by 10:30 p.m. Monday.
"We're watching the weather like everyone else," he said.
Tecumseh Public Schools planned to watch the weather and see what happened before making any decisions about canceling classes Tuesday.
"We'll just have to watch that as the weather progresses," Superintendent Tom Wilsie said at press time.
The city of Shawnee was making preparations in case road conditions changed suddenly Monday afternoon.
"The street & traffic department will be going on 12-hour shift starting [Monday] and continuing at least though [Tuesday]," Frank Loman, Streets Superintendent/Construction Manager, said in a statement.
"Conditions will determine if we continue this shift work farther into the week. At present we are preparing all equipment but will not start loading salt and sand material until later [Monday]," Loman said at press time Monday.
Shawnee/Pottawatomie County Emergency Management Director Don Lynch said Monday that the latest computer models were showing the storm tracking over Texas, which could shift the heavy snow line farther south into Pottawatomie County.
"Widespread accumulations across the state of up to eight inches are possible beginning late Sunday night through Monday into Tuesday," Lynch said. "Winds will be higher in this storm than in the previous storm which will be an exacerbating factor…people should be make preparations now for a significant winter storm to impact our area."
Oklahoma Highway Patrol Trooper Betsy Randolph said a tractor-trailer rig overturned at Intestate 40 and Kickapoo early Monday morning. Weather was believed to be a contributing factor, she said, although no injuries were reported.
As the rain fell Monday afternoon and was expected to change over to snow by evening, Randolph said troopers were telling everyone to be safe while driving and to reduce their speeds.
Taking a few extra minutes is safer, she said, and dropping speed 10 to 20 mph can make a difference.
"You're really driving to survive," Randolph said, suggesting drivers should slow down and let others pass them.
She discouraged any travel in the northwestern part of the state, where a blizzard was causing dangerous conditions. She said drivers not heeding warnings in that area could find themselves stranded.
Many were following road condition's on the patrol's Facebook page, she said, which is updated frequently.


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After negotiations between the Local 1082 and Hood River County broke down earlier this year, the county chose to implement its last best offer to the union.
With the contract implementation, the local gained the ability to strike, and they appear close to doing so after 75 percent of the membership of Local 1082 of the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees voted to authorize a strike against the county last week. Results of the vote were released Wednesday.
Prior to any actual strike the union would have to file a 10-day strike notice with the county.
Represented by the 1082 are employees who work more than 20 hours per week in the county's finance, building, juvenile, health, planning, assessment and records, district attorney's office, elections, justice court and county administration office.
County deputy district attorneys and those working in supervisory, part-time or temporary positions are exempt from the strike.
The county and union have been at odds over a variety of issues from the start of negotiations on the current contract, with the main sticking point during negotiations being over retroactive healthcare payments by both bargaining units.
After the county implemented the contracts in late April, Sorenson said the union was backed into a corner.
"The county left us with no choice… it gutted our rights with the contract and the employees decided we could not live with this contract," said Jaime Sorenson, the AFSCME staff representative for the union.
Sorenson said one of the biggest issues that led the 1082 to the decision to authorize a strike was the provision in the contract for layoffs.
In previous contracts layoffs were based on seniority first and according to a copy of the implemented contract provide by the county, the county now has the ability to "retain staff based on skill, ability and qualifications as determined solely by the County. In the event (two) or more employees are determined equally qualified by the County, the senior employee shall be retained."
While the local 2503, the other county bargaining unit represented by AFSCME, is also operating under an implemented contract; it has not taken action toward a strike.
The contract with the 2503 does not contain any changes to the layoff policy and keeps the policy of layoffs in accordance with seniority in place.
"Honestly, it's baffled both bargaining units as to why (the county) would do it this way … it seems to be a personal grudge," Sorenson said.
Hood River County Administrator David Meriwether said the county was aware of the strike vote but did not have any actions currently planned.
"We were aware that this tool was available to them and they have the right to exercise it," he said.
Meriwether said that the reason the county advocated for the county determined layoff qualifications is that "the most competetent employees are not always the first or last hired and we wanted to have the authority to make those decisions for the good of the organization."
Sorenson said the union was open to returning to the negotiation table with the table.
"We are always open to working with the county to work out a deal," she said.
Meriwether said no further negotiation sessions have been scheduled.
"The contract is in place," he said. "We don't have any sessions planned."
Keith Cunnignham-Parmeter, a professor of law at Willamette University in Salem said that the decision to vote for a strike was understandable by the union.
"I can understand why the union is up in arms about this," he said. "Job security is the golden cow of unionism, if you strike that down you are playing with fire."
However he added, that strikes are dangerous for unions to undertake, especially in a time of economic turmoil.
"Strikes are always dangerous for unions and that is why you rarely seem them utilize the ultimate weapon in their arsenal," he said.
Before it files a strike notice with the county, the union could also potentially file several unfair labor claims practices against the county, following multiple claims by both sides which were filed previously in the process.
Hearings for one of the earlier claims are currently ongoing in Salem while another has a hearing scheduled in September.
Paul Gamson, chairman of the Oregon Employment relations board which is handling the unfair labor pracitce claims, said the 10-day strike notice is a state law requirement to give both sides time to prepare and to possibly step back from the brink.
"It's to give the public employer a chance to prepare for a strike since public services are involved," he said. "It also ups the ante and gives the parties some urgency to meet again and resolve their differences."
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Published On : Feb 2017
Category : Pesticide
No. of Pages : 123 pages
Pesticides are materials that are used for controlling weeds or pests. Pesticides has various segments such as sanitizer, antimicrobial disinfectant, fungicide, animal repellent, insect repellent, bactericide, predacide, rodenticide, avicide, piscicide, molluscicide, termicide, nematicide, insect growth regulator, insecticide, and herbicide. Most of the pesticides are intended for serving as plant protection products which is generally known a crop protection products also. These products protect plants from insects, fungi, and weeds. Generally, pesticide refers to a biological agent such as disinfectant, antimicrobial, and bacterium, or chemical that kills, incapacitates, deters, or else discourages pests. Target pests can comprise microbes, nematodes, fish, mammals, birds, mollusks, weeds, plant pathogens, and insects. The global pesticide industry is likely to experience significant growth owing to growing agricultural activates because of food scarcity. The emphasis on the concept organic pesticide is also expected to benefit the companies catering to this segment. Players can look towards the opportunities arising from the untapped market in many developing countries.
The report here talks about certain aspects of the United states pesticides market report 2017 market which enunciates the future and present statistics of the market with respect to the trends in play. The main purpose of the of the study is to justify the occurrences in the United states pesticides market report 2017 market by providing reader with useful and appropriate insights on the particulars of the market for the future scope of growth and available opportunities at the present state of the United states pesticides market report 2017 market. The market research publication further deals with facets such as drivers, restraints, and prospects to gauge the outcome of the market during the forecast period mentioned in the report. The report also presents a brief yet exclusive outline of the particular market, which consists several accounts of the major aspects which are expected to trigger growth in the market or cause adverse impact. The facets have been well examined and have also been handy in scrutinizing various other segments related to the market.
This report further digs deep into the United states pesticides market report 2017 market by meticulously evaluating the production and industrial chain of the corresponding market. This will further help in procreating accurate data and statistics on multiple factors of the respective market such as information pertaining to policies of the government in the regional and global level, manufacture and circulation structure, manufacturing capacity, volume sold, and revenue earned among others. The indication that has been provided in the report has been extracted through the use of both primary and secondary methods. The research has been painstakingly conducted with cross checking of the facts and not leaving any loop holes.
The study furthermore provides an all-inclusive examination of the key regions stated in the report for the United states pesticides market report 2017 market. For every region, the report pronounces the array of growth so far and clearing on what vendors can do to ensure achievement in the coming years. The research report will also be unfinished without a thorough assessment of the vendor landscape of the United states pesticides market report 2017 market, which comprises the facts and figures, activities and inventions of the leaders in the United states pesticides market report 2017 market
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Salted Caramel Banana Muffins Recipe
When life gives you old bananas, make banana muffins!
Whenever I have produce that is on the verge of going bad I think, how can I use this to make something delicious? I try not to waste food. Not only is it a waste of money, but it's harmful for our environment. It's often when I'm faced with old produce that I come up with fun, new recipes.
This week's challenge was a bunch of bananas that were past their prime-black and mushy-exactly the kind of bananas you'd avoid at the market. The wonderful thing about old bananas is that they make the best banana bread! I love banana bread, and have made the standard quickbread many times, but this time I wanted to make something different and more exciting.
Salty caramel meets moist and sweet bananas in this delicious take on an old-time favorite. Instead of the usual loaf pan I chose muffin tins for an easy to enjoy (and easy to share) treat, with salted caramel sauce inside and drizzled on top, creating the perfect flavor combination.
If you need an excuse to stay inside this weekend and bake up a storm, the scent from the baking muffins more than convinces.
Don't have overripe bananas? Pick up the ripest ones you can find at the store, place them in a brown bag alongside an apple, and store in the refrigerator overnight to speed up the process.
Prep Details
Servings: makes 12 regularly-sized muffins
Salted Caramel Sauce
1 cup granulated sugar
1/4 cup heavy cream
2 tsp fleur de sel(fine sea salt)
1 stick butter, softened
1 cup granulated sugar
2 large eggs, at room temperature
1/2 tsp vanilla extract
2 cups smashed banana(about 4 medium-size bananas)
1 cup plus 1 tbsp all-purpose flour
1 tsp baking soda
1 tsp kosher salt
Salted caramel sauce
Photo: Tara O'Keeffe
For the salted caramel sauce:
Add sugar to a medium nonstick saucepan and place over medium heat. Allow the sugar to slowly melt, without stirring, until it begins to bubble. When bubbling, keep a close eye on the pot and remove from heat as soon as it turns golden.
Carefully pour in cream (it will bubble up fast so wear an oven mitt if possible) and whisk vigorously until smooth. Add salt and stir to incorporate. Reserve on stovetop for later use.
For the Muffins:
1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Prepare your muffin pan by spraying amply with nonstick cooking spray.
*Cupcake liners can be used as an alternative to ensure perfect removal from pan.
2. In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment (or using a hand mixer) cream the butter and sugar together until light and fluffy. Add the eggs, one at a time, and mix until incorporated. Add the vanilla and bananas and mix until just incorporated.
3. Sift the dry ingredients into the bowl and mix using a rubber spatula, being careful not to overwork the batter.
Spoon batter into muffin tins so it comes up 1/3 of the way. Drizzle a teaspoon of the salted caramel sauce in the center, trying to keep it away from the edge to prevent burning during baking. Spoon another layer of batter on top so each tin is 2/3 of the way full.
4. Bake for 20-25 minutes, rotating the pan halfway through, until the muffins are golden and a cake tester comes out of the center clean.
5. Let cool on a wire rack until room temperature. Run a palate knife around the side of each tin to help loosen, then flip over to release the muffins. If it appears they are sticking, run the knife around one more time, getting underneath to help loosen them.
6. Using a small spoon, drizzle the salted caramel sauce on top.


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This is for the oldies music lovers out there! Head to The Tap West and enjoy one more Rewind party with DJ Hashem. For reservations, contact the Tap West via Facebook.
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It's a blue night! The One Four Five are heading to Cairo Jazz 610 and they will be singing iconic covers.
Wust El Balad is going west this Weekend and will be blowing our minds with their -always- epic performance.
Nobody ever says no to R&B and Hip Hop, head to The Tap East and enjoy your night with FRK.
Luigi rocca, Abou samra & A.Salah are ready to get you grooving to the maximum this Thursday at 24K.
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My opponent most likely will be Greg Abbott. He represents an Austin that has grown stale with insiders inheriting promotions whose primary allegiance is to those who write the big checks. Every day Texans feel they don't have a voice anymore and that the insiders are running the show.
As chairman of the Texas Workforce Commission, I listened when employers, educators and parents told me we needed more opportunities for vocational education and local control of our public schools --- and I did something about it.
As governor, I will listen to your concerns and represent all Texans. You won't have to buy my attention.
Visit my website at www.tompaukenfortexas.com.


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ExPatriatePen wrote:RxBandit66 wrote:?..(although to be expected from a Canadian hockey franchise).
It just seems that the Leafs, The Sens, and The Habs overreact to everything. They actually wanted the police to arrest Chara for his hit on Pacioretty. Not that other teams don't overreact (Tortorella is ridiculous), and I hate to generalize and single them out, but I've always felt that certain teams have a sense of entitlement, as if the league and the officials owe them something.
And I'm not trying to open up a whole debate here, it's just how I feel.


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The rich history of mixed martial arts in the East has included some of the world's best fighters and promotions over the last decade.
While promotions have risen and fallen all throughout Japan and other areas in Asia, the need for a stable organization to come along is something sorely sought after.
That's where One Fighting Championships hopes to step in. With their first show scheduled for Saturday in Singapore, the upstart promotion is banking on being the next major force in MMA and they hope to make Asia recognized as one of the top areas for the sport in the new worldwide market.
The CEO and owner of One FC is Victor Cui, a veteran promoter who has worked with ESPN, the X-Games and the PGA Tour in Asia, and he's hoping his passion for MMA will bring fans in by the droves when they debut this weekend.
The idea for One FC was something very simple in Cui's head from his boyhood love of martial arts to the epic mountains that MMA has climbed over the last few years.
"I have spent the last 15 years of my career in the sports media industry with ESPN StarSports and the PGA Tour, helping to organize events such as the X Games Asia, the Olympics, PGA Tour, World Cup Indoor Soccer, and many other world-class events. And I've never seen a sport like mixed martial arts take over the sports world before. MMA has skyrocketed with 30 times growth in the last 10 years and it's barely scratched the surface of its potential," Cui told MMAWeekly.com.
"For example, less than 1% of the 3.9 billion people in Asia have heard of or watched MMA. One Fighting Championship really began as a product of my passion and my expertise. I have always loved martial arts; as a child, I learned to box from my father in our backyard and I also even earned a black belt in Taekwondo. An enormous market opportunity, coupled with my passion and my expertise, is simply a dream. I am living my dream right now."
Cui's enthusiasm aside, promotions have come along in the past promising major delivery and then falling flat after only a few events. Some don't even make it past their inaugural event. So what makes One FC different?
Cui says it's his commitment to the sport and to its growth throughout Asia. To prove that, Cui pulled out all the stops for the first One FC show in Singapore.
A 12,000 seat stadium will hold the event and they've made deals that will make the show accessible to millions around the world. They've stockpiled the card with some of the top talent throughout Asia, while also bringing over names from all over the MMA world like Phil Baroni and Gregor Gracie.
It's part of the big plan that Cui will start to unfold this weekend, and he plans to continue in the future.
"MMA is still brand new in this part of the world, excluding Japan where MMA is not new. MMA in Asia is roughly 5-7 years behind the US right now in terms of mainstream exposure. Champion vs. Champion, our first show on September 3 at the Singapore Indoor Stadium, is going to open a lot of eyes here in Asia," Cui explained.
"There has never been a card this stacked in Asian history in terms of number of world champions and/or champions. There will be 16 world champions and/or champions from various martial arts backgrounds like Muay Thai, Boxing, BJJ, Sanda, Kung Fu, Karate, etc."
In building this first card, Cui paid close attention to detail when selecting the fighters involved. There are enough names that hardcore fans in the United States and places like Canada will recognize to tune in, while still reaching their core audience in Asia with fighters from surrounding areas that will bring out the crowds in droves.
The philosophy for Cui is to make One FC a major player in the MMA world, one event at a time.
"For lack of a better analogy, One Fighting Championship is the UFC of Asia. We are already breaking all sorts of historical records here in Asia. For example, our anticipated viewership for our first event will be north of 500 million viewers," said Cui.
"I mean if you look at Pride FC or Dream FC at their absolute peaks, they only had a media reach in the tens of millions. On top of that, One Fighting Championship already has the highest quality roster of the best Asian fighters and world champions in Asia, excluding Japan. Look, I just want to put on the most exciting fights in Asia. "
With such lofty expectations it obviously puts the pressure on One FC to deliver in this first show. There's not much of a learning curve when the bar has been set so high, but Cui doesn't see it that way.
He looks at this first show as the baby step towards One FC's eventual evolution as a top flight MMA promotion.
"I don't see the pressure. I am doing what I love. I have a group of foreign investors with deep pockets that have committed a lot of capital. I'm a kid in a candy store doing what I love. And remember, I've put on countless sporting events in my career…so it's my domain of expertise…I'm in my world here," Cui stated.
The future for One FC includes 8 more shows that Cui says they've already mapped out, but doesn't want to take the focus away from the first event on Sept 3.
In his words, One FC: Champion vs. Champion will be 'the day that changed MMA in Asia."
Follow @DamonMartin on Twitter or e-mail Damon Martin.
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