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As is traditional for the classroom, a chalk drawing accompanies the curriculum. It was Labor Day weekend prior to the start of my seventh grade school year at Davis Waldorf School when I made up my mind to tackle Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper.
On average, I spend about three to four hours per chalk drawing. Here are three from my sixth grade year:
With The Last Supper, I knew it would take longer to complete. And to avoid the often painful act of erasing my chalk drawings every four weeks when the block is finished, I figured that The Last Supper would work for my first two blocks of the year - physiology and Renaissance history; thus, I can keep the drawing up for at least eight weeks! In physiology, I introduced the digestive system and the idea of the five core values of food: nutrition (f0r growth), combustion (energy), socialization (getting together), tradition (cultural), and inspiration (for art). The Last Supper, a meal shared by Jesus and his disciplies, is an example of how food inspires art. For Renaissance history, The Last Supper is the iconic painting by the great Renaissance painter Leonardo. It also is one of the best examples of perspective, which is an art technique that I will be teaching the students this year.
This chalk drawing, four feet by eight feet, has taken me nearly twelve hours thus far. The students would come into the classroom to find an unfinished drawing. Da Vinci was notorious for taking his time on his work, and sometimes kept them unfinished. I was afraid I would end up not completing my version of The Last Supper. Nearly three weeks since the first day of school, I am finished! From the print I was using, it was hard to distinguish what the food was on the table, so I omitted it except for the bread rolls and wine.
I hope it inspires the budding artists of my seventh grade.


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Ten-man Accrington staged a remarkable second-half comeback to draw at League Two basement side Plymouth.
Troubled Argyle - who celebrate their 125th anniversary tomorrow - took the lead against the run of play from a 27th-minute penalty converted by skipper Simon Walton.
Accrington's Kurtis Guthrie had already smashed a rising drive off the Plymouth post in the 21st minute from distance before the home side went in front.
Argyle teenage striker Matt Lecointe was felled by defender Sean Hessey, with referee David Coote well placed to point to the spot. Hessey was red-carded for his foul and Walton roofed home the spot-kick.
Argyle forged further head in first-half stoppage time when attacking midfielder Ladjie Soukouna fired home from 15 yards after Robbie Williams' cross was initially met by Lecointe.
Stanley came close to reducing the arrears in the 47th minute but Ian Craney and then Padraig Amond - from point blank range - were denied by Argyle's 26-year-old keeper Jake Cole.
The 10 men were not to be denied and Kevin Long powered home a header from sub Charlie Barnett's 56th-minute free-kick.
Cole's goal led a charmed life as the visitors piled on the pressure, with defenders Curtis Nelson and Simon King diving in to block Guthrie's close-range shot, with Cole beaten.
Half-time sub Barnett's corner enabled Amond to head Stanley's merited 67th minute equaliser, and Cole made a brilliant save to deny Craney as Stanley pressed for the winner.
Copyright (c) PA Sport 2009, All Rights Reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


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LGBT Group Pressures PayPal to Shut Down Christian 'Hate Group' Accounts
All Out, a leading international LGBT rights organization, has been pressuring PayPal to shut down the accounts of "hate groups" who are against homosexual lifestyles since earlier this month.
The organization, which boasts of more than 559,000 members, claims the groups are using the online payment site to raise funds for a "dangerous cause."
"Thanks to PayPal, it's easier than ever to send and receive money across currencies and continents – but it is also PayPal's responsibility to make sure this technology doesn't fall in the wrong hands," All Out asserted on its site. "Anti-LGBT extremists all over the world are currently using PayPal to fundraise for their dangerous cause."
The campaign has collected more than 37,000 signatures. The group has contended that "anti-LGBT extremist groups" "damage PayPal's brand and credibility."
Under pressure, the leading payment service has dropped several accounts, including that of Dove World Outreach Ministries, the infamous Quran burning pastor Terry Jones' site, as well as Noua Dreaptă, a nationalist organization in Romania and Moldova.
Many of the groups All Out is targeting are religious, Christian organizations that speak openly about their stance on homosexuality, which they consider to be a sin.
Those include: Abiding Truth Ministries, New Generation Ministries, Faithful Word Baptist Church, Family Research Institute, Americans for Truth About Homosexuality, and American Society for the Defense of Tradition Family and Property.
"Every day brings more evidence that the Homosexual Lobby is all about kicking pro-morality people (mostly committed Christians) who disagree with homosexual behavior OUT of the public square," Peter LaBarbera, president of Americans For Truth About Homosexuality, said in a statement. "More and more observers are seeing this for what it is: homo-fascism."
"Please help defend Americans For Truth from being dropped by PayPal in response to this anti-Christian pressure campaign... Urge them NOT to punish Christian and pro-family advocates-which could potentially alienate millions of potential PayPal customers."
Pink News previously reported that initially, PayPal declined to immediately sever their ties with pro-family groups because of their belief in religious freedom.
"PayPal does not allow the use of its services for activities that promote hatred, violence or racial intolerance. We take very seriously any cases where a user has incited hatred, violence or intolerance because of a person's sexual orientation," the company wrote.
"However, we also take into account the rights of free speech and freedom of religion. Balancing these conflicting rights is often difficult, and so we assess possible infringements objectively against our Acceptable Use Policy."
PayPal has contacted several of the targeted groups, asking them for more information about their accounts. Christian activist Julio Severo who posts on a blog called Last Days Watchman, was one victim of the campaign.
He was sent an email from PayPal announcing an investigation on his account, and was told later that his account would be shut down because of "legal and regulatory constraints," according to World Net Daily. A link to the company's user agreement was also included in the message that outlined their policy on "hate, violence, [and] racial intolerance."
"PayPal says that it does not allow the use of its services for activities that promote hatred, violence or racial intolerance, but its actions against my account was spurred by a hate campaign by gay activists wanting to shut down my account," Severo explained to WND. "I wonder if PayPal will shut down the accounts of homosexual militants who launched the hate campaign."
While All Out described Severo's blog as being an extremist hate site that promotes lies about gay people, Severo, hoping to clear the misunderstanding, told PayPal, "I want you to know that we Christians love homosexuals, but we disagree with their immoral lifestyles."
LaBarbera also agreed with Severo and shared on AFTAH's site, "Americans For Truth has from its inception condemned violence and (real) hatred against homosexuals. We believe Christians should reach out to homosexuals with the Gospel truth, in the love of Christ. We believe that ALL people have dignity as human beings, but that persons should not be defined by immoral, unnatural-and changeable-sexual and gender behaviors."
AFTAH additionally stated that they condemned unbiblical and "nasty messages" like Fred Phelps' "God Hates Fags" protests.
"Encouraged by media sycophancy and a lack of press accountability that feeds their success, homosexual militants are now working overtime to sell the public on the absurd notion that groups like AFTAH that adhere to traditional, biblical teachings on homosexuality are the hateful equivalents of racist fringe groups like the KKK or Neo-Nazis."
"By labeling Christians as 'haters,' they cruelly demonize people of faith-and encourage the outrageous idea that longstanding Christian and Bible-based beliefs are 'extreme' and beyond the pale."
It is no longer advisable to laugh off, dismiss or ignore the activist homosexual and liberal lobby's escalating campaign to demonize Christians and punish groups like Americans For Truth, LaBarbera added.
"We must fight back with the Truth and engage our political enemies in a dogged, 'house-to-house' battle to preserve our liberties and our ability to operate freely in the public square."
Counteracting the campaign by All Out, the pro-family news site LifeSiteNews launched an online petition of their own to defend Americans For Truth and other organizations being attacked by the campaign.
The petition reads, "I protest the attack by homosexual organizations on Christian activists Julio Severo, Americans for Truth About Homosexuality, and Tradition, Family and Property. I encourage PayPal to affirm the right of pro-family organizations to use its services and to reject attacks on the Christian faith and other religions that uphold sexual morality and defend family values."
Nearly 6,000 people have signed the counter petition on ProFamilyFreedom.net so far. The site hopes to collect 40,000 signatures.
"I am a Christian and I firmly believe that homosexuality is a sin. As a Christian, it is my responsibility to spread the truth in love. Sometimes this responsibility involves speaking out against sinful lifestyles, but it's all in love! The truth hurts sometimes right?!" Rachel from the United States commented.
"We all get that until the truth is pointed at us. We are trying to help them! We want them to go to heaven! Is there any hate in that? I will not be silence because their souls are important to me and even more important to God!"


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Individuals should print and complete the attached form in full in order to request information from Lucas County Children Services for personal use only. Please mail to the address given on the form. No online submissions can be accepted.
Individuals requesting their own information, whether it is recent or from the Miami Children's Center, should complete the form as fully as possible.
Parents requesting information about their biological child(ren) must submit documentation of custody in order to request information. Examples include divorce decrees or other court documents showing that you have custody of the child(ren).
Individuals requesting historical information from the Miami Children's Center about a deceased relative should submit the form, along with proof of relationship and a copy of the person's death certificate.
Individuals seeking their adoptive history should be aware that these records may be sealed and you may need to proceed with your request through the Probate Court. This agency will make its best efforts to provide you with non-identifiable information as allowed by law.
LCCS is prohibited from releasing any case information related to services provided by third parties, such as medical treatment or psychological services.Authorization for Release of Personal Information
Show All Answers
• Attorneys• Audiologists• Child care workers• Children Services personnel• Coroners• Day care personnel• Dentists• Nurses• Physicians, including hospital interns and residents• Podiatrists• Psychiatrists• School authorities, employees and teachers• Social Workers• Speech Pathologists• Animal Control Officers/Agents
Although Ohio law encourages everyone to report alleged child abuse and neglect, in most cases it is an option left for personal and moral decision. The exception is those professions that have an inherent responsibility to report. The ethical commitment to families and children that these professionals have accepted through virtue of their positions is recognized under Ohio law, and thus they are mandated to report alleged child abuse and neglect.
LCCS is prohibited from releasing any case information related to services provided by third parties, such as medical treatment or psychological services. Authorization for Release of Personal Information
Please understand that while information will be provided, the clerks are unable to provide legal advice. Custody forms are available at the main clerk's counter at Juvenile Court.
Neither Lucas County Children Services or the Juvenile Court can provide legal advice and counsel. However, there are resources available in the community if you require legal assistance.
If you have resources pay for legal services, contact the Toledo Bar Association Lawyer Referral Service at 419-242-2000 or 419-242-4763, for names of attorneys who handle this type of legal work.
If you are unable to pay for representation, contact either the Toledo Bar Association's Pro Bono program at 419-242-9363 or Legal Aid of Western Ohio, Inc. at 419-724-0030. These programs will have criteria and other guidelines that must be met before their services can be utilized. Lucas County Juvenile Court
Qualified families may be eligible for the Kinship Permanency Incentive, which provides limited financial assistance to relative caregivers.
The Area Office on Aging Kinship Navigator program also provides support for older adults caring for relative children.
More information is available in the brochure, "Kinship Care: Relatives Caring for Children." Kinship information


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Freelancing is a business and the way you will handle your taxes working as a freelancer will be different than someone who is solely employed by a corporation. If you are working full-time as a freelancer, whether it is as a computer consultant, writer, artist or any other job, there are several things to keep in mind.
If you are taking continuing education courses related to your work, these are tax-deductible. Organization dues and membership fees, car expenses, travel expenses, professional journals, healthcare, advertising expenses, computers, printers, software, hardware, office furniture, paper and pens are tax-deductible. Business-related expenses like a business telephone line, Internet connection, web domain registrations and hosting fees, and "working meals" are deductible. Working meals are expenses you incur while eating with a colleague or client while at a business-related meeting. Commuting is not tax-deductible; this includes travel from home to your first place of business and back home from your last place of business.
The IRS website has an entire section on self-employed filers and Sisterstates.com links to all state tax sites.
If you are not doing your own taxes, make sure you get a good accountant who specializes in small businesses and knows how to deal with freelancer returns. It's important to select someone who knows the ins and outs of home related tax-deductions. If you have a home office, a portion of your rent and utility expenses is deductible. Because home-related deductions are generally a big portion of your deductions, you'll want to work with someone who will get these calculations right. Also, in order to deduct a home office, you need to have a profit. If you own a home and have a home office, you also need to account for depreciation. Check out Form 4562 and Publication 946 for help in determining how to depreciate an asset.
Forms to File
Freelancers need to file, at a minimum, Form 1040 and Form 1040 Schedule C for sole proprietorships, depending on their particular situation. It's important to file taxes as a sole proprietor because doing this enables filers to deduct business expenses.
According to Howard J. Samuels, CPA, MST and Managing Tax Partner at KDMS LLC, self employed health insurance is fully deductible on page one of the 1040 as an adjustment assuming your profit is more than the insurance. In New York City and surrounding suburbs, if you make a profit over $10,000, you'll also need to file NY Form MTA-6 (semi-new metropolitan tax). If your profit is over $100,000 and you are located in the city (any of the boroughs), you'll need to file forms and pay NYC Unincorporated Business Tax ("UBT") says Samuels. Make sure you find out the appropriate forms to file within your current location if you live outside of NYC and surrounding suburbs.
Keep a few things in mind. Samuels says that if you receive a W-2 (taxes withheld) instead of a 1099 (no tax withheld), then this is not freelance income, but rather you are an employee. The deductible expenses against employee income are limited compared to expenses for 1099/freelance income which have much fewer limitations. Be aware that as a W-2 employee, the employer pays half the self employment (Social Security) tax and you pay the other half through your paycheck. As a freelancer, you pay both portions since you are deemed to be the employer and the employee.
Everyone has to pay this on income/profit they earn says Samuels. "As an employee, the employer pays half and half out of your paycheck. As a freelancer, you pay it all. Overall it is about 15% in total," he says.
The Bottom Line
It's important to know the difference between what you can file as an employee and what you can file as a freelancer. Freelancers can deduct more than regular employees, so there are certain advantages to freelancing. Consult your accountant to find out exactly what is tax-deductible.


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This is the first module in the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) Project Suite curriculum. Activities are self-directed by students or student teams using online videos and data from the SDO satellite to explore, research and build knowledge about... (View More) features of the Sun. Students build vocabulary, apply or demonstrate learning through real world connections, and creating resources to use in their investigations. Each activity comes with both a teacher and student guide with sequential instructions and embedded links to the needed videos and internet resources. Activity 1A: Structure of the Earth's Star takes students through the features and function of the Sun's structures using online videos, completing a "Sun Primer" data sheet using information from the videos, and creating a 3D origami model of the Sun. Students use a KWL chart to track what they have learned. Activity 1B: Observing the Sun has students capture real solar images from SDO data to find and record sunspots and track their movement across the surface of the Sun. Activity 1C has students create a pin-hole camera to use in calculating the actual diameter of the Sun, and then calculate scales to create a Earth-Sun scale model. Students reflect on their learning and results at the end of the module. An internet connection and access to computers are needed to complete this module. See related and supplementary resources for link to full curriculum. The appendix includes an alignment to the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). (View Less)
Materials Cost: $1 - $5
This lesson plan teaches how to select the landing site for a planetary surface investigation, using the 5E learning cycle. Students will be able to determine a landing site for their Mars rover; work with their team to summarize information and... (View More) identify important details in non-fiction writing; research Gale Crater through an online interactive module; use Google Earth Mars to learn about Mars surface features; gather and analyze data to conduct a scientific experiment; collect and record data in a science notebook to draw logical and scientific conclusions; define and identify the role of controls and variables in teams' scientific or technical questions; and differentiate between weather and climate. The lesson plan has a number of appendices, including standards alignment. This is Lesson 8 of the elementary school version of the 6 week Mars Rover Celebration curriculum. (View Less)
Learners work in teams to determine a landing site for their Mars Rover that best relates to their scientific question. They use technology skills to research Gale Crater through an online interactive module and learn about features of Mars through... (View More) use of Google Earth Mars. The lesson uses the 5E instructional model and includes: TEKS (Texas Standards alignment), Essential Question, Science Notebook, Vocabulary Definitions for Students, Vocabulary Definitions for Teachers, three Vocabulary Cards, and a Mini-Lesson. This is lesson 8 of the Mars Rover Celebration Unit, a six week long curriculum. (View Less)
Learners create art inspired by authentic NASA planetary image data while learning to recognize the geology on planetary surfaces, uniquely inspiring learner engagement. This presentation and accompanying activity use the elements of art - shape,... (View More) line, color, texture, value - to make sense of features in NASA images, honing observation skills and inspiring questions. It aligns with the NGSS cross-cutting concept of Patterns. Videos, images, and an interactive poster that breaks down activity elements deepen user access. (View Less)
Students are introduced to planetary rocks, soils, and surfaces using images of the lunar samples collected by Apollo astronauts. Examining those images and participating in related activities will lead students to a deeper understanding of the... (View More) Moon, Earth and our Solar System. The 27-page student guide contains background information, images, instructions, questions and activities. The lesson models scientific inquiry using the 5E instructional model and also includes a teacher's guide, an alignment to Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), and connections to Common Core English Language standards. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $1 - $5 per group of students
Learners will compare and contrast images of Earth and Mars and then experiment with lenses to understand more about the instruments used to make the pictures. This is activity 1 of 9 in Mars and Earth: Science Learning Activities for After School.
Materials Cost: $5 - $10 per group of students
This investigation teaches that physical and human features are used to characterize places on Earth. Since types of both features are visible from space, students will use NASA images to complete several activities: matching images to geographic... (View More) places, matching images to the features described in verses of "America the Beautiful" then attaching those images to the appropriate areas on a hand-drawn outline map of the U.S. and finally, writing their own poem to describe those images. The URL opens to the investigation directory, with links to teacher and student materials, lesson extensions, resources, teaching tips, and assessment strategies. This is Investigation 2 of four found in the Grades K-4 Module 3 of Mission Geography. Note: The authors recommend that students first complete Investigation 1 in this Module (What Are Physical and Human-Made Features?) to acquaint them with identifying features.The Mission Geography curriculum integrates data and images from NASA missions with the National Geography Standards. Each of the four investigations in Module 3, while related, can be done independently. Please see Investigation 1 of this module for a two-page module overview and list of all standards addressed. (View Less)
Photos and images taken from the space shuttle are used to show unusual paths, such as those created by smoke, camel tracks, lava flows, and river deltas. After observing and discussing the images, students will record their observations, and draw... (View More) conclusions about the origin and nature of the paths. Additionally, students are introduced to one-way (rivers, jet stream) and two-way (roads, bird flyways) paths. The URL opens to the investigation directory, with links to teacher and student materials, lesson extensions, resources, teaching tips, and assessment strategies. This is Investigation 3 of four found in the Grades K-4 Module 4 of Mission Geography. The Mission Geography curriculum integrates data and images from NASA missions with the National Geography Standards. Each of the four investigations in Module 4, while related, can be done independently. Please see Investigation 1 of this module for a two-page module overview and list of all standards addressed. (View Less)


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Alison is nearly three years old. She was adopted last year by a single woman, Shannon, who is a campus minister at a Jesuit college. Both mother and adopted daughter have curly blond hair, round blue eyes, and fair skinthey look so alike that most people assume they are biologically related. This impression is reinforced when Alison talks. A verbally precocious child, she has taken on some of her adoptive mother's facial expressions and verbal patterns. Shannon has been bringing Allie to our H.I.V. clinic for monthly appointments since the child was 10 months old. (Their names have been changed to protect their privacy.)
My first impression of Shannon was of an attractive woman in her mid-20's with a clean-cut appearance and an open, trusting face. She was wearing a striped, pink button-down shirt, crisp khaki shorts, white socks and sneakers. There was a small gold cross around her neck. I remember thinking that she looked like a kindergarten teacher. She seemed so young, so cheerful and so naïve that I thought, Does she really know what she's getting into, adopting a child with H.I.V. disease? I soon learned, however, that Shannon was 34 years old, that she worked as a pastoral counselor at a nearby college and that she fully understood the implications of adopting a child with H.I.V. Over time, I came to realize that Shannon is a remarkable young woman who is anything but naïvea woman who is possessed of a profound spiritual centeredness.
Shannon first heard about Alison when the child was three months old. Alison's mother, Tamara, had been caught hiding behind a cupboard with Alison in her arms during a drug sweep. Tamara was sent to jail, and the child was turned over to her maternal grandmother. But the grandmother worked from 4 P.M. till 11 P.M. in a local convenience store. It was hard for her to find friends or neighbors to watch the child, and there was no money to pay for babysitters. Shannon offered to babysit Alison for free. At first this was only one day a week; then it became a day and an overnight; then it was for several days and nights at a time. As Shannon grew increasingly fond of the child, she wondered who in Alison's family would be able to provide her with a permanent home.
For several months Shannon shared Alison with the baby's grandmother, mother and other relatives on both sides. But family members proved unable to care for her with any consistency. Allie's mother was on drugs and in and out of prison, and her father was in jail for assault and drug-related offenses. When her grandmother was diagnosed with cancer, it seemed that there was no one in the family who could care for the child. Shannon began to feel that perhaps she was meant to adopt Alison. But she needed to know whether this was indeed God's will. The grandmother, who by then was quite ill, agreed to put Alison in foster care while Shannon decided what she should do. This took 10 daysabout the length of a Jesuit one-week retreat. It was, Shannon recalls, a very hard, long 10 daysbut by the end she felt convinced that God intended her to adopt the child. I thought, if I don't do this, I won't be complete. I need her as much as she needs me. And I feel that God decided this a long time ago.
Shannon then approached Allie's grandmother, who agreed to the adoption but warned her that Tamara would never let go of her baby. So Shannon went to talk to Tamara, who was in a psychiatric hospital after attempting suicide in prison. The first meeting of these two mothers was as surprising for Shannon as it was dramatic: I walked into her room, says Shannon, and told her who I was, and she started to cry. And she said to me right then, I know I'm never going to be able to raise Allie. I can't even keep myself away from drugs, so how can I take care of a baby? I want you to take her.'
Shannon was stunned by the speed with which this young woman was able to trust her. She felt this was a sign not only that she was supposed to take on Alison's care, but also that she was to help Tamara. Tamara told Shannon about her own past growing up in a welfare family in the projects with an alcoholic mother and an abusive father. She described how she became involved with street drugs when she ran away from home at 13, how her life had revolved around drugs ever since, and how she found out she had H.I.V. only when at age 18 she give birth to Alison. At the end of this long, sad story Tamara said to Shannon, I don't think there's a way out of this for me, but there's a way out for Alison, and it's you, and I want her to have that. Ever since this first meeting, relations between the two mothers have been very warm. Tamara seems to feel that Shannon is a trusted friend, and Shannon has promised to be there for her.
So with Tamara's approval, Shannon was appointed Alison's legal guardian. During this time Shannon received support not only from prayer and meditation, but also from other people: from her family; from a student friend who could watch Allie during the day; from her co-workers; and from the college, which promised to pay a substantial part of the adoption fees. To Shannon, this affirmation from friends and family confirmed what I had been experiencing in prayer. It was God's way of saying, You're on track here; it's okay.' She also found that her new status as a single mom made her a very visible presence on her campus. She observes, Most people think, here's a single woman adopting a child with AIDS whom she'll lose in 10 years, and they think I'm nuts! But I'm not alone. God is very much a part of my everyday life and when it's God's will, I have this deep sense of consolation where, with each step, I feel that this is what I need to do.
It took a full year after Shannon was appointed Alison's legal guardian for the adoption to be finalized. It was a difficult year, a year of uncertainty. Shannon continued to arrange visits between Alison and her biological family, as instructed by the court. The grandmother maintained that her own health was improving, and that when she recovered fully, she would be taking Alison back to live with her. And Tamara seemed to have changed her mind about the adoption. Over a period of several weeks, she would call Shannon several times a day, excitedly telling her that she was fine now, and that she was going to have Alison returned to her.
Less than a month later, however, the whole situation changed. Tamara broke house arrest and returned to the streets as a prostitute to support her drug habit. Alison's father signed the adoption papers, recognizing that Tamara was unlikely ever to be a mother to his child and realizing that he was unable to care for an H.I.V.-infected child by himself. When Tamara finally returned to the grandmother's home, she signed, too. So Alison became Shannon's daughter.
Throughout, Shannon has remained on good terms with Tamara, feeling that God means her to be a part of Tamara's life as well as Alison's. The two women became even closer after the grandmother's death. Shannon reassured Tamara that she could continue visits with Alison, insisting only that Tamara be drug-free and that contact be regular, not sporadic. But in fact Tamara rarely saw the child. She would schedule visits and then not show up. She would make phone calls, ostensibly to find out how Alison was doing, but soon turning the conversation back to herself and her own problems. Shannon came to feel that the only thing she really could do for Tamara was listen.
Despite Shannon's support, Tamara's future looks dim. She does not take her H.I.V. medications regularly, and she seems unable to break her addiction to heroin and cocaine. She continues to return to prostitution for weeks or sometimes months to support her drug habit. Alison's future, on the other hand, appears good. She has responded well to H.I.V. medications and remains in good healthso far. We all know that Alison's staying healthy is a race between the progression of her HIV disease and the development of new medications that can keep the virus in check. But we all believe, as well, that there are other, higher forces at work in the lives of this small family.
I've talked with Shannon many times about her decision to adopt Alison, once while visiting at her college. I find that I'm deeply moved by her storyespecially by the simplicity and depth of her description of prayer. I need quiet time, she tells me, and if I don't have it, I get nutty inside. I just feel disconnected, and then I don't have time to be grateful for the day, or to say to God, if I've made a mistake, Look, I really screwed this up, and I need help with it'. For her, prayer is a dimension of her relationship with God: It's like spending time with your best friend, and if you don't do it, you miss it.
But Shannon intermingles homely descriptions like these with such phrases as a time of discernment and the spirits of consolation and desolation, alerting me to the way her prayer life draws on the rigorous and methodical spiritual practice of St. Ignatius Loyola. Each year Shannon goes on a 10-day silent retreat, and in her work she is responsible for student retreats involving the learning and practice of Ignatian spirituality.
When I press Shannon to explain how the experience of prayer confirms some decision or act, even asking outright how she is able to distinguish God's wishes from her own, her answer once again blends the language of St. Ignatius with modern American colloquialisms. When it's God's will, I feel a deep sense of peace, a deep sense of consolation. But when it's only me, I don't have that sense of peace, and it's like one of those days when you have too much caffeine and crummy food and not enough rest and you feel like you're just spinning your wheelswell, that's what it feels like inside. It's like I'm holding on too tight, and I'm just squeezing any goodness out of what I'm doing. When I let that go and I let it be ours' rather than mine,' then it feels right, and I know I can trust that. This is a prayer form I've been trained in, which is to really pay attention to feelings of consolation and desolation.
As a teenager, Shannon wanted to become a nun in order to be closer to God. In a sense, her life now can be seen as a fulfillment of the ideals and passions of a deeply religious teenager. Alison has made my relationship with God more intimate. She's right thereit's like God's creation right out there in front of me. Of course I have no illusions that Alison will have a long life. But I wake up every day, and there she is, and she gives me a kiss, and we get to start all over again. It's just wonderful. It makes life more precious. We say our prayers at night and every night we say: God, thank you for today; and bless us with another day.' And that's how we live.


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Monday, April 26, 2010
Kidney Stones & Soup Spoons
A few weeks ago, a man came to the ER complaining of left flank pain. The guy seemed to be in obvious distress and from the 100 yard glance I diagnosed a kidney stone. He was one of those patients who wouldn't listen to much of anything I had to say and seemed to think that I walk around the ER with syringes of drugs in my pocket.
Despite my best efforts to be nice and explain what I thought was going on, he was oblivious. Realizing that I was wasting my time, and bored with his attitude and IQ somewhat above a turnip (I'm not being elitist, he really was stupid), I turned to leave.
That's when he became interesting! "I get these 'kidney stones' all the time, but I'm usually able to dig 'em out with a spoon. But I couldn't get this one!" he exclaimed. NOW, he had my undivided attention. "You stick a spoon up your penis?" I asked. Seeing his quizzical look, I rephrased the words so that he would understand. "No, I stick it up my ass and pull 'em out." he informed me (and then he looked at me like I was an idiot).
I asked if that usually worked and he informed me that it almost always did. When it did not, he informed me that was able to stick his finger (or 'fanger' as he called it) down his throat and "throw them up". Fortunately, that worked for him the rest of the time! In fact, this was the first time he had EVER had to come to the ER for one of his "kidney stones", and he said that he usually got three or four a week!
The work up revealed that on this occasion at least, he DID have a kidney stone (and the CT showed NONE remaining in either kidney. I have no idea what he had the other times! The nurse, who was new to ER medicine asked me if I was going to explain the anatomy to him before he left, but I declined (deeming the endeavor futile). I however, delegated the task to her. After about 15 minutes, she exited the room completely frustrated and disillusioned.
The patient passed the stone, and I chalked up another save!
And to the Anonymous poster who continues to question whether we're physicians or not.... I have this guy's address and he'd like to have you over to his house for a bowl of soup. Don't bring your own spoon. He has plenty.
Posted by erdoc85 at Monday, April 26, 2010
6 comments:
Shouldn't you enroll him in a study, or something?ReplyDelete
- Anonymous7:44 AM, April 27, 2010
Nope, not convincing enuf. Any real physician would have dx furball.
Ugh!!! How disgusting!!! But interesting to say the least.. Love the blog, sometimes you keep me laughing, other times angry, but on every note I keep reading.. lol!ReplyDelete
To the FMP RN,ReplyDelete
thank you. we aspire to continuously inspire angry laughter... the kind uttered by a maniacal serial killer in a clown suit (brandishing a meat cleaver).
911Doc - I just madeReplyDelete
"we aspire to continuously inspire angry laughter... the kind uttered by a maniacal serial killer in a clown suit (brandishing a meat cleaver). "
My quote of the day. Awesome
- PeggyU12:00 PM, April 28, 2010
Jeez. What does he do with the salad forks?ReplyDelete
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Speaking to Kikizo, Team Ninja head, Yosuke Hayashi, has revealed that there is life in the Ninja Gaiden series beyond the in development Ninja Gaiden Sigma 2 on PS3.
Contradicting comments made by former Team Ninja boss, Tomonobu Itagaki, Hayashi stated that Team Ninja "will continue to work towards a future for the series."
He added: "What the gamers are looking for is going to be the next chapter - the future of an outstanding series. We feel that we're in a position of being able to make that call."
Speaking of platform exclusivity - both Ninja Gaiden and Ninja Gaiden 2 debuted on Xbox platforms before seeing Sigma releases on PS3 - Hayashi suggested that moving forward this will not be the case.
"... we're going to have to push ourselves to the next level, and we are better off giving both audiences an entirely new game," said Hayashi.
Ninja Gaiden Sigma 2 is currently scheduled for release this autumn only on PS3.


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Developer - Intel Corporation
Home page - intel.com/vr
Developer - Intel Corporation
Home page - intel.com/vr
Intel introduces merged reality
Published on Aug 16, 2016
Intel is pushing the boundaries of compute innovation to accelerate the creation of truly immersive experiences with virtual reality. At the 2016 Intel Developer Forum, Intel CEO Brian Krzanich introduced the concept of merged reality, a new way of experiencing physical and virtual interactions and environments across VR/AR/Mixed Realities through a suite of next generation sensing, digitizing and computing technologies.
Touring Intel's virtual reality hardware lab
Published on Nov 4, 2016
"Inside Intel's race to build a new reality"We visited Intel's lab to learn more about the multi-sensory augmented and virtual reality experiences the team is building and testing for Intel's next generation headset.
by Lucas Matney
November 3, 2016


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Nov. 15. 8:20 p.m. at and Dec. 23, 1 p.m. vs. Buffalo Bills (NFLN and CBS)
Harvard grad Ryan Fitzpatrick, left, looked more like an Ivy League quarterback in 2011 than the rapidly improving NFL model of 2010. Running back Fred Jackson (22) was a dominant offensive force until an injury short-circuited his season. Meanwhile, first-round draft pick Marcell Dareus, right, disrupted the trenches with his play at defensive tackle.
Copyright © 2019, Sun Sentinel


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April 20, 2013 from 8am to 11:30am – Clark HS Tennis Courts - Clark HS School Weekly get together of members of the Alamo City Aces meet to play singles, doubles or just get a good hit around. Meet every Saturday morning weather permitting at the Clark HS Tennis Courts from 8-… Organized by Carlos R. | Type: hit, around, doubles, singles
© 2019 Created by Mark / The Mayor. Powered by


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We're really sorry but we've sold out of this product and are unable to obtain more stock. In most cases this is usually because the manufacturer has discontinued the product. We don't want you to miss out though so here's some of our best selling products which are similar to what you are looking for. Take a look and you could just find the perfect item. Just a small point to note - they might not have the exact features as the product you initially wanted so please be sure to check the features before you buy.
Twice as Fast as Ordinary Cards to Take Better Pictures and Videos
Combining fast performance and generous capacity,the SanDisk Ultra SDHC or SDXC UHS-I memory card is an ideal storage choice for compact to mid-range point-and-shoot cameras and camcorders. This versatile card offers twice the speed of an ordinary memory card, so you can take more pictures with less lag time. These cardscome in a variety of capacities and feature a shock-resistant, water and temperature-proof design. Don't miss the moment. Be ready with double the speed and the highest video performance.
Class 10 Performance for Seamless Full HD Video Recording
A class 10 video performance rating makesthis card ideal for HD camcorders and Full HD (1080P) video enabled cameras.
Storage Capacities up to 64GB
SanDisk Ultra SDHC and SDXC UHS-I cards have plenty of room to accommodate high-resolution image formats, such as RAW and JPEG. Available in sizes up to 64GB, these cards can store thousands of photos and all your favorite video clips.
Fast Read Speed Reduces Upload Time
The card boasts a read speed of up to 30MB/s, so you can transfer photos and videos to your computer quickly and easily. You'll be able to edit, store, and share your photos faster than ever before.
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SanDisk Ultra SDHC/SDXC UHS-I Cards are designed to handle whatever life throws at them. These cards are shockproof (Capable of withstanding up to 500Gs of shock), X-ray proof (Immune to airport X-rays), and waterproof (Tested to withstand up to 72 hours in 1m salt or fresh water; IEC 529 IPX7; product must be clean and dry before use). The card operates in temperatures ranging from -13 to 185 degrees Fahrenheit, so you can capture memories in almost any climate. Your SanDisk memory card will survive, even if your camera doesn't.
The SanDisk Ultra SDHC/SDXC UHS-I Memory Card is backed by a lifetime limited warranty.
The following resources are available for the SanDisk Ultra - Flash memory card - 32 GB - Class 10 - SDHC UHS-I


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Views: 190
I would add one more, after #40.
"40. I can openly display my religious symbol(s) on my person or property without fear of
disapproval, violence, and/or vandalism."
41. I can criminally vandalize and destroy other persons' symbols that deny my religion, on their property, without fear of reprisal or consequences.
42. My religion trumps the separation clause of my country's constitution.
43. My religion works diligently through state and federal lawmakers to allow only people of my religion to hold public office thereby denying other religions and nonbelievers to hold those positions.
44. My religion allows me to impose my beliefs on anyone anytime and I can use any means I feel necessary.
My religion allows me to impose religion and junk science i.e. Creationism and Intelligent Design in public schools (Tennessee for example)
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Dj Khaled Performing His "Welcome To My Hood" Single On The Road! Even Rockin In The Middle Of Crowds With His Fans
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
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Analytical Liberalism, Neoclassical Realism, and the Need for Empirical Analyses
Mark R. Brawley
Two approaches currently enjoy widespread popularity among foreign policy analysts: Analytical Liberalism and Neoclassical Realism. On the surface, they seem remarkably similar. Both emphasize domestic factors, yet each claims to employ domestic variables in a distinct fashion. How do they differ? To answer that question, it would be helpful to reflect upon examples where scholars applying each approach have addressed the same case, allowing us to contrast their descriptions directly. Few such comparisons exist, however. Instead, as is apparent to even the casual observer, each approach fits neatly into its own niche. Neoclassical Realism appeals to scholars addressing security policy, whereas Analytical Liberalism dominates research in international political economy. Why would both approaches enjoy limited applicability? Here too, a direct comparison of their arguments might illuminate their comparative strengths and weaknesses. A review of how each approach works provides insight into their respective strengths and weaknesses. Under certain conditions, the key traits of the approaches can be revealed. These conditions identify a series of cases deserving closer empirical analysis, which would provide evidence concerning the relative utility of each approach.
Ethics in Foreign Policy
Dan Bulley
Ethics and foreign policy have long been considered different arenas, which can only be bridged with great analytical and practical difficulty. However, with the rise of post-positivist approaches to foreign policy, much greater attention has been paid to the way that ethical norms and moral values are embedded within the way states understand their own actions and interests, both enabling and constraining their behavior. Turning to these approaches raises a different question to whether ethics and foreign policy can mix, that of how best to understand, analyze, and critique the role that ethics inevitably play within foreign policy making? What are required are perspectives which, instead of constructing an ethical theory in the abstract and applying it to a concrete situation, start from the ethics of the foreign policy arena itself.
Two ways of looking at ethics are especially useful in this regard: a virtue-ethics approach and a relational-ethics approach. These can be best explored by observing how they work in a particular foreign policy context, such as the highly controversial U.K. decision to join the invasion and occupation of Iraq from 2003. This was a policy where ethics came particularly to the fore in both the decision-making process and its justification. The case study can therefore help show the types of questions virtue and relational ethics ask, the way they work as analytical and critical frameworks, and the problems they raise for the role of ethics in foreign policy. They also point toward important future directions for research in the area.
War in Political Philosophy
Helen Frowe
We can distinguish between three moral approaches to war: pacifism, realism, and just war theory. There are various theoretical approaches to war within the just war tradition. One of the central disputes between these approaches concerns whether war is morally exceptional (as held by exceptionalists), or morally continuous with ordinary life (as held by reductive individualists). There are also significant debates concerning key substantive issues in the ethics of war, such as reductivist challenges to the thesis that combatants fighting an unjust war are the moral equals of those fighting a just war, and the challenge to reductivism that it undermines the principle of noncombatant immunity. There are also changing attitudes to wars of humanitarian intervention. One under-explored challenge to the permissibility of such wars lies in the better outcomes of alternative ways of alleviating suffering. The notion of unconventional warfare has also come to recent prominence, not least with respect to the moral status of human shields.


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It's easy to discount this kind of warning when it comes from the mouth of a conservative American politician or writer. However, when someone like Egyptian Nonie Darwish in her book Now They Call Me Infidel exposes this well-funded plot to Islamize
Nonie Darwish spent her first 30 years living in
Those are her credentials and we should all take her words to heart.
"I soon discovered that rabid anti-American feeling is rampant in the majority ofNonie Darwish is telling us things that we need to comprehend and, because she is an Arab herself, she understands exactly what we are faced with today. She knows that the Arab culture of lies and deceit is the perfect match for our own culture which so highly values freedom of speech and religious tolerance.
U.S.mosques, where Muslims are encouraged to stand out as mujahadeen in . In these mosques, America 's generosity was met with demands for more generosity and concessions from people who never lived a day under democracy in their countries of origin." Page 140 America
"Those who stay in
should be open to society without melting, keeping Mosques open so anyone can come and learn about Islam. If you choose to live here, you have a responsibility to deliver the message of Islam…Islam isn't in America to be equal to any other faiths, but to become dominant. The Koran, the Muslim book of scripture, should be the highest authority in America , and Islam the only accepted religion on earth." – Omar Ahmad, cofounder of the Council on American-Islamist Relations (CAIR) as quoted on page 140 America
"I truly believe that Arab men have been spoiled rotten as children by their parents; they were brought up to think of themselves as the best, of their religion as the best, and their lifestyle the best. When they finally grow up and are confronted with the confidence and competence of Western men they simply cannot stand it. Then the culture of pride, envy, and hate kicks in, and they begin to indulge in the blame game. Rather than examining their own system, culture, or religion, they say it must be colonialism, imperialism, past injustice,
's existence, or a worldwide Zionist conspiracy that has caused their system to fail. Thus deep-seated feelings of inferiority create marching jihadists who have nothing else to aspire to than either claim the West for Islam or destroy it." – Page 147-148 Israel
"Many devout Muslims hold at heart a dream of an Islamic Caliphate, a totalitarian political system encompassing the whole Muslim world – and eventually the entire world –which functions under one constitution (the Koran) and one law, Islamic sharia law. This is not some crazy notion espoused by some lunatic fringe Islamists. Conquering the world for Islam is the stated goal that emanates from powerful, ruling Islamic clerics throughout the Middle East…This is also the goal of many Islamic organizations operating under false pretences in
and financed and supported by radical Muslim states." – Page 149 America
"There is nothing
or the non-Muslim West can do that will be met with gratitude and appreciation…To the contrary, good deeds on non-Muslims toward Muslims only deepen their sense of dependency and inferiority in the context of the macho and pride-driven Muslim culture. In the end, the culture of envy and shame always dominates." – Page 175 America
America's Islamic enemies and critics – even those who love living in the – are nothing more than pirates…Instead of building their own society as a model of what Islam should be, they leave it in ruins and look to conquer hard-working successful lands. To do to Europe and United States what they did to Muslim countries? To ruin them the same way they ruined our own culture? They cannot stand to live in a Muslim culture, and they have their eyes set on beautiful and welcoming democracies, not to blend in, but to rob those democracies of their soul and ruin the value system and culture that made them great." - Page 185 America
"Why do I speak out, and what do I say? I try to help Americans face the truth about the terror threat they are up against, help them understand the mind-set of the jihadists who wish to destroy
. I realize there is fire in my heart. I do not deny it. I am angry at my culture. What arrogance and ingratitude. Who gave my people the right to destroy the world in the name of Allah? No religion should advocate that. Who gave my people the right to destroy people of other religions, cultures, and beliefs? Who gave them the right to declare a fatwa of death on Muslim critics who speak out against Islamist tyranny? Some say this is a clash of civilization. The truth is that this is an attack on civilization itself by haters of civilization." - Page 197 America
She knows that if we lose what is almost destined to become World War III that it will be only because our tolerance proves to be the Achilles heel that keeps us from fighting back before it is too late. She knows that the enemy is already here and that he is being supported by our own oil money returned here by the Saudi royal family and others like them who support the terrorists in our midst.
This book should be required reading at all high schools and universities but there is no chance that will happen while so many universities are openly accepting Saudi cash to build and operate campus "Islamist Study" centers. Will we wake up in time to save ourselves? Only time will tell, and that scares me to death.
Rated at: 4.0


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What's better than good wine? Absolutely nothing! Planning a trip to the vinyard is the perfect way to treat yourself while enjoying the company of loved ones! Gouveia Vinyards in Wallingford, Connecticut is a place to step away from the stressful pace of your day and escape into the rustic world John and Lucy Gouveia […]
You are here: Home / Archives for vineyard connecticut
Gouveia Vineyards, Wallingford, CT
July 22, 2014 by Art Tatta
Filed Under: Local Attractions Tagged With: connecticut, connecticut activities, connecticut landmark, connecticut landmarks, connecticut tourism, ct activities, ct landmark, ct landmarks, gouveia vineyards, gouveia vineyards wallingford connecticut, touring ct, vineyard connecticut, vineyard ct, wallingford connecticut, wallingford connecticut vineyard, wallingford connecticut vineyards, wallingford ct


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The closest movie that I have seen to a live performance! Spectacular!
Amazing Uplifting Movie ... not to be missed... one of the Best EVER!!!
I can't believe it didn't get nominated for an Oscar and that Shape of Water garbage got 19.
The music was great. Hugh Jackman was great. Zac Efron was great. Michelle was great. It was all great. A story of how Barnum brought the unwanted "misfits" together and gave them a purpose and self-esteem, and most of all, a family.
If you enjoy musicals, go see this movie.
Best movie I have seen in many years. If a person doesn't walk away happy after seeing it, they are dead. My sister went with me and she loved it too
Thumbs down! Nothing but a simple and most definitely fabricated story about how P. T. Barnum ended up starting a circus. The only thing good was the choreography. The songs were mediocre at best.
Extremely entertaining I was bopping in my seat during This is Me going this afternoon and taking 6people with me to see it a second time 3
Are men
Fantastic movie!! A wonderful musical with a great storyline! Great for the whole family! We loved every minute.. all 6 times we saw it!! Hugh Jackman is truly amazing!!
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Jacob Varkey is a man dedicated to education. This is, perhaps, nowhere more evident than in his work with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). In conjunction with the HHMI and HSU's Pre-Medical Association, Jacob has helped many an aspiring undergrad attend leading medical schools across the country.
According to Jacob, Humboldt State's commitment to the community is part of why this program has flourished. "The reason we are so successful is the kinds of students we attract here. For the most part they are service-oriented. And that's a big plus. Many of the students have indicated that they want to serve the community."
In addition to working one-on-one with pre-med students, Jacob is also involved with the California State University's Alliance for Minority Participation (AMP). Thanks to a generous grant from the National Science Foundation, Jacob and the AMP are working to give students from traditionally under-represented backgrounds a boost when it comes to the sciences.
Outside of the classroom Jacob counts gardening (he has over 100 rhododendrons on his property, although many, he says, were "inherited" from the previous owners) and traveling among his hobbies. This year, in fact, Jacob is taking an opportunity to spend roughly six months in his native India on a sabbatical that includes an opportunity to teach at his alma mater, the University of Kerala, in the state of Kerala on the country's southern tip.


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Harvey Davies Joiner / Cabinet Maker93 Feedback reviews, 99% positive
I operate only to the highest standard.I take pride in everything I do. I'm extremely honest and reliable with a huge amount of experience . Every job I receive is a pleasure to carry out
Latest Carpentry & Joinery feedback review:
By clarkes_decorators_ltd on 8th Oct, 2018
NPJ Construction and Landscaping192 Feedback reviews, 99% positive
The best way to describe NoProblemJobs is that we are a team of very experienced,hard working and highly trained tradesmen who do not claim to be able to do everything.We only show interest in jobs we can genuinely do. We are reliable, honest and committed to customer...
Latest Carpentry & Joinery feedback review:
By dawn76662 on 6th Nov, 2018
Kelvin Houston Carpentry and Joinery Services7 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I have been in the trade for over 25 years, I have taken on large and small scale work over the years, the work is carried out to a high quality with customer satisfaction paramount.
Latest Carpentry & Joinery feedback review:
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DG Design & Joinery8 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Joinery and Carpentry. I'm a sole trader, man with a van, able to complete to a high standard a variety of building work, joinery being the primary proficiency. Doors, windows, various timber repairs, kitchens.. Carpentry side of things includes bespoke design and build,...
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By jm807 on 12th Nov, 2017
Tom Yardley Joinery10 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Self-employed joiner based in Llanfairfechan. Qualified to NVQ Level 3 carpentry & joinery.
Latest Carpentry & Joinery feedback review:
By neil_coleclough on 19th Jan, 2019
john cleary joinery6 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I am a time served carpenter/joiner with over forty years in the trade. I have a workshop in Rhos on Sea Conwy making & fitting custom made joinery. I can also do all general joinery fitting doors, skirting, arcatrave etc...
Latest Carpentry & Joinery feedback review:
By gillian95580 on 21st Jun, 2018
James Davies Carpentry2 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I'm a local joiner working across the north wales area with over 12 years experience in the trade offering an honest friendly and reliable service. See my portfolio on instagram @james_davies_carpentry.
Latest Carpentry & Joinery feedback review:
By nigel_310 on 8th Mar, 2018
L.Haworth Construction5 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
At Haworth construction we give a first class service.With all types of construction work undertaken. From groundwork and footings right through to block/brickwork, plastering, joinery and the finishing touches like painting and decorating. We aim to please and give great...
Latest Carpentry & Joinery client reference:
Reference taken by MyBuilder on 15th Sep, 2016
GR GROUNDS MAINTENANCE4 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Hello I'm glyn owner of GR GROUNDS,CEMETERY & AGRICULTURAL MAINTENANCE, we offer all types of services from grass/hedge cutting,landscaping,and excavation work,one off visits or contract work we would be happy to help and have a chat about your needs,also I do joinery and...
Latest Carpentry & Joinery feedback review:
By mabon1 on 5th Oct, 2018
A G Griffiths Carpenter and Joiner3 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I am a self-employed joiner and carpenter with over 16 years experience in the trade. I take on most aspects of joinery, building and maintenance work with 1st/2nd fix site work being my main area of work.
Latest Carpentry & Joinery feedback review:
By louise_wou on 2nd Jul, 2018
Aberconwy Maintenance3 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
All aspects Building Maintenance and Security done by our Multi Skilled team also Carpentey , Joinery, Locksmith,any building Handyman services. 25 plus years experience . CiTB / City and Guilds / NVQ. Qualified Fully CRB checked. Please note we do charge for...
Latest Carpentry & Joinery feedback review:
By pat_c_59 on 20th Jan, 2019
applegate services1 Feedback review, 100% positive
We are now a partnership with over 45 years experience between us ranging from carpentry/joinery, building/extension work, kitchen/bathroom fitting, shop fitting, landscaping, etc. We have an eye for detail and a plan for accuracy.
Latest Carpentry & Joinery feedback review:
By mrs76695 on 26th Oct, 2018
John Lea Property Services8 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I started my building career as a builders apprentice in 1979,learning many skills. I have been a self employed gas engineer/plumber for 20 years. As a general builder I take on all aspects of work, from small plumbing jobs to loft conversions. I work to a very...
Latest Carpentry & Joinery feedback review:
By mrs66449 on 30th Jul, 2018
Cartref CarpentersNo feedback
We are a small Welsh business, with over 15 years experience in the building trade. Our customers receive professional, friendly services from us with guarantee on all work undertaken, whatever the size of the job.
K&D Renovations1 Feedback review, 100% positive
We are a renovation company based in caernarfon, We have been trading as a partnership for 4 years, and have over 50 years experience between us. We are joiners and plasterers by trade but take on all aspect of renovations, we pride ourselfs on honesty and hardworking....
Latest Plastering feedback review:
By tom53689 on 21st Jan, 2019
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text: Venditore: 786ashie (2.001) 97.9%, Luogo in cui si trova l'oggetto: birmingham, West Midlands, Spedizione verso: GB e molti altri paes, Numero oggetto: 253217505799 Exclusive quality designer Dawood lawn unstiched suit material front and back diffrent prints (lawn is thin summer material), printed lawn Shirt 2.5 meters lawn Trousers 2.5 meters lawn printed Dupatta 2.5 meters printed lawn Sleeves attached with shirt this auction is for unstiched suit fabric . any laces or embellishment are not included,. u can add these things yourself to enhance the beauty of this suit there can be slight diffrence in colour bc of flash light. fabric care instruction shrink before stiching wash coloured clothes seperately pl check my other listing for variety of designs in lawn , cotton and khaddar thanks • Condition: New without tags


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Respironics, Inc. Issues Voluntary Recall of a Limited Number of Trilogy Ventilators
Jul 17, 2012, 08:00 ET
MURRYSVILLE, Pa., July 17, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Respironics, Inc. announced today that it is voluntarily recalling 80 Trilogy Model 100 and five Trilogy Model 202 ventilators in the United States. The recall was initiated on April 27, 2012 and is being conducted to replace a potentially defective electronic component. Respironics has received no reports from users of ventilator malfunction, injury or death related to this issue.
The Trilogy 100 ventilator provides volume and pressure support ventilation for adult and pediatric patients in both invasive and noninvasive home, institution/hospital, and portable applications. The Trilogy 202 is for hospital use and allows blending of external oxygen with volume and pressure support. The Trilogy 200 ventilator model distributed in the United States is not affected by this recall.
The defective component is in the power supply of the ventilators, and if it fails, there may be a reduction or cessation of ventilator therapy and/or the ventilator may fail to alarm and alert caregivers to this situation. Failure of a caregiver to respond to a failed device could result in harm to a ventilator dependent patient.
Respironics has notified all United States distributors, providers, sales personnel and customers that may have devices subject to this recall. Replacement units have been shipped to all affected customers. To date, all affected Trilogy 202 devices have been returned, and Respironics is working to arrange the return of the nine affected Trilogy 100 units that remain with customers. Customers with questions about this recall may contact Respironics Customer Service at 1-877-387-3311.
Respironics has notified the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) of its decision to voluntarily recall the affected product. Any adverse reactions experienced with the use of this product should be reported to the FDA's MedWatch Program by phone at 1-800-FDA-1088, by fax at 1-800-FDA-0178, by mail at MedWatch, HF-2, FDA, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852-9787, or on the MedWatch website at www.fda.gov/medwatch. Adverse reactions and/or quality problems should also be reported to Philips Respironics at 1-800-345-6443.
SOURCE Respironics, Inc.


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|Attention: DocWiki has reached EOL and will be decommissioned January 25, 2019.
Internetwork Design Guide -- LAN Switching
From DocWiki
Today's local-area networks (LANs) are becoming increasingly congested and overburdened. In addition to an ever-growing population of network users, several factors have combined to stress the capabilities of traditional LANs:
- Faster CPUs-In the mid-1980s, the most common desktop workstation was a PC. At the time, most PCs could execute 1 million instructions per second (MIPS). Today, workstations with 50 to 75 MIPS of processing power are common, and I/O speeds have increased accordingly. Two modern engineering workstations on the same LAN can easily saturate it.
- Faster operating systems-Until recently, operating system design had constrained network access. Of the three most common desktop operating systems (DOS/Windows, the UNIX operating system, and the Mac OS), only the UNIX operating system could multitask. Multitasking allows users to initiate simultaneous network transactions. With the release of Windows 95, which reflected a redesign of DOS/Windows that included multitasking, PC users could increase their demands for network resources.
- Network-intensive applications-Use of client-server applications, such as Network File System (NFS), LAN Manager, NetWare, and World Wide Web is increasing. Client-server applications allow administrators to centralize information, thus making it easy to maintain and protect. Client-server applications free users from the burden of maintaining information and the cost of providing enough hard disk space to store it. Given the cost benefit of client-server applications, such applications are likely to become even more widely used in the future.
Switching is a technology that alleviates congestion in Ethernet, Token Ring, and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) LANs by reducing traffic and increasing bandwidth. Such switches, known as LAN switches, are designed to work with existing cable infrastructures so that they can be installed with minimal disruption of existing networks. Often, they replace shared hubs. This case study describes how LAN switching works, how virtual LANs work, and how to configure virtual LANs (VLANs) in a topology that consists of Catalyst 5000 LAN switches.
Understanding Switching Basics
The term switching was originally used to describe packet-switch technologies, such as Link Access Procedure, Balanced (LAPB), Frame Relay, Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS), and X.25. Today, switching refers to a technology that is similar to a bridge in many ways.
The term bridging refers to a technology in which a device (known as a bridge) connects two or more LAN segments. A bridge transmits datagrams from one segment to their destinations on other segments. When a bridge is powered and begins to operate, it examines the Media Access Control (MAC) address of the datagrams that flow through it to build a table of known destinations. If the bridge knows that the destination of a datagram is on the same segment as the source of the datagram, it drops the datagram because there is no need to transmit it. If the bridge knows that the destination is on another segment, it transmits the datagram on that segment only. If the bridge does not know the destination segment, the bridge transmits the datagram on all segments except the source segment (a technique known as flooding). The primary benefit of bridging is that it limits traffic to certain network segments.
Like bridges, switches connect LAN segments, use a table of MAC addresses to determine the segment on which a datagram needs to be transmitted, and reduce traffic. Switches operate at much higher speeds than bridges, and can support new functionality, such as virtual LANs.
Switching in the Ethernet Environment
The most common LAN media is traditional Ethernet, which has a maximum bandwidth of 10 Mbps. Traditional Ethernet is a half-duplex technology. Each Ethernet host checks the network to determine whether data is being transmitted before it transmits and defers transmission if the network is in use. In spite of transmission deferral, two or more Ethernet hosts can transmit at the same time, which results in a collision. When a collision occurs, the hosts enter a back-off phase and retransmit later. As more hosts are added to the network, hosts must wait more often before they can begin transmitting, and collisions are more likely to occur because more hosts are trying to transmit. Today, throughput on traditional Ethernet LANs suffers even more because users are running network-intensive software, such as client-server applications, which cause hosts to transmit more often and for longer periods of time.
An Ethernet LAN switch improves bandwidth by separating collision domains and selectively forwarding traffic to the appropriate segments. Figure: Ethernet switching shows the topology of a typical Ethernet network in which a LAN switch has been installed.
Figure: Ethernet switching
In Figure: Ethernet switching, each Ethernet segment is connected to a port on the LAN switch. If Server A on port 1 needs to transmit to Client B on port 2, the LAN switch forwards Ethernet frames from port 1 to port 2, thus sparing port 3 and port 4 from frames destined for Client B. If Server C needs to send data to Client D at the same time that Server A sends data to Client B, it can do so because the LAN switch can forward frames from port 3 to port 4 at the same time it is forwarding frames from port 1 to port 2. If Server A needs to send data to Client E, which also resides on port 1, the LAN switch does not need to forward any frames.
Performance improves in LANs in which LAN switches are installed because the LAN switch creates isolated collision domains. By spreading users over several collision domains, collisions are avoided and performance improves. Many LAN switch installations assign just one user per port, which gives that user an effective bandwidth of 10 Mbps.
Understanding Virtual LANs
A virtual LAN (VLAN) is a group of hosts or network devices, such as routers (running transparent bridging) and bridges, that forms a single bridging domain. Layer 2 bridging protocols, such as IEEE 802.10 and Inter-Switch Link (ISL), allow a VLAN to exist across a variety of equipment, including LAN switches.
VLANs are formed to group related users regardless of the physical connections of their hosts to the network. The users can be spread across a campus network or even across geographically dispersed locations. A variety of strategies can be used to group users. For example, the users might be grouped according to their department or functional team. In general, the goal is to group users into VLANs so that most of their traffic stays within the VLAN. When you configure VLANs, the network can take advantage of the following benefits:
- Broadcast control-Just as switches physically isolate collision domains for attached hosts and only forward traffic out a particular port, VLANs provide logical collision domains that confine broadcast and multicast traffic to the bridging domain.
- Security-If you do not include a router in a VLAN, no users outside of that VLAN can communicate with the users in the VLAN and vice versa. This extreme level of security can be highly desirable for certain projects and applications.
- Performance-You can assign users that require high-performance networking to their own VLANs. You might, for example, assign an engineer who is testing a multicast application and the servers the engineer uses to a single VLAN. The engineer experiences improved network performance by being on a "dedicated LAN," and the rest of the engineering group experiences improved network performance because the traffic generated by the network-intensive application is isolated to another VLAN.
- Network management-Software on the switch allows you to assign users to VLANs and, later, reassign them to another VLAN. Recabling to change connectivity is no longer necessary in the switched LAN environment because network management tools allow you to reconfigure the LAN logically in seconds.
Figure: Typical VLAN topology shows an example of a switched LAN topology in which VLANs are configured.
Figure: Typical VLAN topology
In Figure: Typical VLAN topology, a 10-Mbps Ethernet connects the hosts on each floor to Catalyst 5000 LAN switches. 100-Mbps Fast Ethernet connects switches A, B, C, and D to Switch E.
The switches in Figure: Typical VLAN topology communicate with each other using ISL, which is a protocol that maintains VLAN information as traffic flows between the switches. With ISL, an Ethernet frame is encapsulated with a 30-byte header that contains a two-byte VLAN ID.
Figure: Typical VLAN topology shows that VLAN 20 consists of port 4 in slot 2 on Switch A and ports 1 and 3 in slot 4 on Switch B. Frames exchanged between ports 1/4 and 3/4 are switched by Switch B as normal. On Switch B, any frame generated by ports 1/4 and 3/4 that is not destined for ports 1/4 and 3/4 is encapsulated in an ISL header that includes a VLAN 20 identifier and is sent to Switch E. Switch E examines the ISL header and determines that the frame is intended for VLAN 20 and sends the frame out on port 2/2 to Switch A. Switch A examines the ISL header to determine the VLAN for which the frame is destined, removes the header, and switches it to all ports in VLAN 20 (if the frame is broadcast or multicast) or to port 2/4 if the frame is a unicast.
Configuring the Switches
When a Catalyst 5000 switch first starts up, the following defaults are set:
- The console port is set to 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit. If you want to change the baud rate, use the set system baud command.
- The Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is enabled on every port to send a CDP message every 60 seconds. If you want to disable CDP on ports that do not have a Cisco device, use the set cdp disable command.
- The following Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) community strings are defined:
- "public" for the read-only access type
- "private" for the read-write access type
- "secret" for the read-write-all access type
- If you want to set other SNMP community strings, use the set snmp community command.
- All modules and all ports are enabled. To disable a module, use the set module disable command, and to disable a port, use the set port disable command.
- All 10-Mbps Ethernet ports are set to half duplex. Use the set port duplex command to set a port to full duplex.
When you first start up a switch, you should set some values that apply to the switch as a whole. For example, you might enter the following commands at the console port of Switch A:
set system contact Terry Moran set system location Norwich set system name SwitchA set time fri 9/15/95 14:08:34 set prompt SwitchA> set password set enablepass set interface sc0 188.8.131.52
The set system contact command establishes "Terry Moran" as the person to contact for system administration. The set system name establishes "SwitchA" as the name of this switch. The set time command sets the current time, using a 24-hour clock format. The set prompt command sets the prompt to "SwitchA>". The default prompt is "Console".
The set password command sets password protection for the administrative interface in normal mode. When you enter the set password command, the switch prompts you to enter a password and then prompts you to reenter the password.
The set enablepass command sets password protection for the administrative interface in privileged mode. When you enter the set enablepass command, the switch prompts you to enter a password and then prompts you to reenter the password.
The set interface command assigns an IP address and netmask to interface sc0. After you make this assignment, you can Telnet to the switch to perform administrative tasks. The switch supports up to eight simultaneous Telnet connections. Alternatively, you can use the set interface command to enable a Serial Line Interface Protocol (SLIP) connection on the console interface (sl0).
Configuring VLANs on Switch A
The following commands configure VLANs 10 and 20 on Switch A:
set vlan 10 2/1,2/2 set vlan 20 2/4 set trunk 1/1 10,20
The first set vlan command creates VLAN 10 and assigns ports 1 and 2 in slot 2 to it. The second set vlan command creates VLAN 20 and assigns port 4 in slot 2 to it.
The set trunk command configures port 1 in slot 1 as a trunk and adds VLANs 10 and 20 to it. Trunks are used for Fast Ethernet connections between switches. When a port is configured as a trunk, it runs in ISL mode. To detect and break loops, trunks use the spanning-tree protocol on all VLANs that are carried across the trunk.
Configuring VLANs on Switch B
The following commands configure VLANs 10 and 20 on Switch B:
set vlan 10 2/2 set vlan 20 2/1,2/3 set trunk 1/1 10,20
The first set vlan command creates VLAN 10 and assigns port 2 in slot 2 to it. The second set vlan command creates VLAN 20 and assigns ports 1 and 3 in slot 2 to it. The set trunk command configures port 1 in slot 1 as a trunk and adds VLANs 10 and 20 to it.
Configuring VLANs on Switch E
The following commands configure VLANs 10 and 20 on Switch E:
set trunk 2/1 10,20 set trunk 2/2 10,20
The first set trunk command configures port 1 in slot 2 as a trunk and adds VLANs 10 and 20 to it. This trunk is used to communicate with Switch B. The second set trunk command configures port 2 in slot 2 as a trunk and adds VLANs 10 and 20 to it. This trunk is used to communicate with Switch A.
LAN switching technology improves the performance of traditional Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring technologies without requiring costly wiring upgrades or time-consuming host reconfiguration. The low price per port allows the deployment of LAN switches so that they decrease segment size and increase available bandwidth. VLANs make it possible to extend the benefit of switching over a network of LAN switches and other switching devices.


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major macro economic indicators
|GDP growth (%)
|Inflation (yearly average, %)
|Budget balance (% GDP)*
|Current account balance (% GDP)
|Public debt (% GDP)
* 2018 fiscal year: 1st October 2017 to 30 September 2018 (f): forecast
- Diversified and efficient production in fisheries, agriculture (40% of world production of natural rubber), industry (automobile, electronics, agri-foods) and services
- Regional crossroads open to its dynamic neighbours
- Strong external accounts
- Diverse exports: tourism, agri-food products (rubber, seafood, rice, cane sugar, fruits), electronic components, computers and organic chemistry
- High savings rate
- Uncertain political situation and antagonism between rural and urban areas
- Inadequate infrastructures
- Ageing population and shortages of skilled labour
- Mid-range positioning and lack of innovation
- Enduring links between private sector and political milieus (corruption), underground economy
- High level of household debt (79% of GDP)
Steady and moderate growth in 2018
The National Strategic Plan (2017-2036) places the emphasis on competitiveness through the development of rail, road, airport, and electricity infrastructures. Although the government hopes to attract foreign investors – for the Eastern Economic Corridor in particular –the big public investments in 2018 will likely rely solely on the state. Private investment, whether national or foreign, is likely to remain cautious. Exports of goods and services (71% of GDP) are set to perform well, with the slowdown in China being offset by the economic upturn in other markets.. The automobile sector is set to continue as the second biggest exporting sector, behind tourism.
The contribution of trade to growth is expected to remain slightly positive, despite the increase in imports of capital goods, intermediate products, and raw materials associated with the dynamism of public investment and industrial exports. Household consumption (half of GDP) should remain strong, reflecting the levels of real disposable income, and despite high indebtedness. Slightly higher inflation will likely be counterbalanced by the favourable impact on pay of strong employment and activity in most sectors. In addition, households are also set to continue benefitting from a relaxed budget policy with, specifically, the maintenance of VAT at 7% instead of 10%, at least until the 30th September 2018. Finally, the central bank is expected to hold its key lending rate at 1.5%. In terms of supply, services (55% of GDP), such as hotels, catering, transports, and telecommunications, will benefit from growing numbers of foreign visitors, and agriculture (10% of GDP and 30% of jobs) from growth in external markets. The construction sector will likely gain from the launch of large-scale transport infrastructure projects, although the situation will be more mixed for industry.
Resilient financial situation
Vigorous public investment, and, more generally, the accommodating budget policy in the run-up to an eventual election, is likely to lead to a slight increase in the public deficit. There is, however, room for manoeuvre, as tax revenues only amount to 18% of GDP. Public debt, more than 95% held by residents, will remain well below the 60% ceiling defined in the Constitution.
In external terms, the decline in the goods and services surplus (10% of GDP in 2017), caused by increasing imports, will impact on the current account surplus – although this will still remain substantial, as the former will continue to largely exceed the income deficit arising from the repatriation of dividends. Thai investments in other countries (ASEAN, USA and Europe) – both portfolio and direct – in hotels, retail, agri-foods, chemicals, and finance, exceed foreign investments into the country. However the surplus on the balance of payments will probably be large enough to supplement the currency reserves, which amount to approximately ten months of imports, and are greater than the external debt (31% of GDP), which is mainly supported by the private sector. The Thai baht is expected to hold steady against the dollar.
Elections delayed by the military
Since the May 2014 coup d'état, the nineteenth since democracy was adopted in 1932, General Prayuth Chan-o-cha, Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, heads the National Council for Peace and Order (the junta) and, as Prime Minister, an interim government consisting of a 35 member cabinet, a legislative assembly of 200 members, and a Reform Council of 250 members, dominated by the military. The adoption of a new Constitution in a referendum (61% of votes in favour) in August 2016 and its ratification in July 2017 by the new King Maha Vajiralongkorn could lead to parliamentary elections at the end of 2018 or in 2019, but not before the passing of ten organic laws. The new Constitution (twentieth since 1932) reduces the role of universal suffrage in the appointment of the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister will be appointed by an Assembly consisting of 500 elected members and a Senate of 250 members appointed by the military. He is then required to apply the National Strategic Plan which, in addition to improving infrastructures, includes strengthened security, the promotion of social equality, the development of human resources and those of the public sector. Royal powers have been increased – an illustration of the cooperation there is between the military and the king, who succeeded his father, Bhumibol Adulyadej, following a reign of over 70 years. Today, the king is a symbol of continuity and stability in a country that has lived through a large number of coups d'état. With the possible approach of elections, conflict – often used as a pretext by the army to intervene – between, on one side, (the "red shirts" (the rural population of the north, students and workers) and the "yellow shirts" (the royalists, nationalists and urban bourgeoisie of the south) could once again be ignited. The former are represented by the populist Pheu Thai Party, winner of all elections since 2001 and led in turn by the former Prime Ministers, Thaksin and Yingluck Shinawatra, brother and sister, removed in 2006 and 2014 and exiled to escape punishment. The latter are represented by the Democrat Party, conservative and liberal, generally unable to constitute a majority to form a government, but quick to foster street demonstrations in the capital.
Last update : January 2018
Credit transfer is the main form of payment used by large companies in Thailand. The majority of credit transfers are made electronically and the popularity of this payment method is growing as clearing systems have become more developed.
Cheques are still a popular form of cashless payment in terms of value. They are used by companies and consumers to make a wide range of payments. Post-dated cheques are a common mean of short-term credit.
Nevertheless, cash remains the dominant payment method in Thailand.
Debt collection
Amicable phase
According to the 2015 debt collection Act B.E. 2558 (A.D. 2015), the debtor is an individual person or personal guarantor. The Act was created to regulate collection activities carried out by creditors, or by collection agencies in cases of consumer debt. Commercial debt collection houses are also expected to follow the practices set out within the Act. For example, during the amicable phase, creditors can only communicate with the debtor or other persons as authorised by debtor. Creditors or collection agencies are also limited to identifying themselves with the details of debt to the debtor.
Legal proceedings
Thailand's Judicial Court System comprises three levels:
• The Supreme Court. This is the highest court authority in the country. All of its decisions are final and must be executed. It hears appeals and contests against decisions made by the Courts of Appeal, Regional Courts of Appeals and Courts of First Instance.
• Courts of Appeal. These are divided into Courts of Appeal and Regional Courts of Appeal. Both handle appeals against the decisions or orders made by the lower courts.
• Courts of First Instance. These lower courts comprise the courts in Bangkok, courts in provinces, specialised courts and juvenile and family courts.
A preliminary stage of legal action can be conducted if there is failure to reach an amicable settlement with the debtor. This phase includes communications, negotiations, meetings with debtors, letters of demand and notifying the police in cases where there is a criminal penalty.
Ordinary proceedings
If the debtor fails to comply with demand notices, the creditor can file a claim with the Court, depending on the value of the debt:
- If the debt does not exceed THB 300,000 (Thai baht), the complaint must be lodged at the District or Provincial Court
- If the debt exceeds THB 300,000, the complaint must be filed at the Civil or Provincial Court.
Court policy is to screen unnecessary cases from court trial. Most Civil Courts have mediation centres for parties to negotiate and compromise on an arrangement. Once a case has been decided amicably, a compromise agreement is prepared and the court passes judgment in accordance. Each of the parties is responsible for documenting evidence and the burden of proof associated with their case. A judgement is made once the court has considered and weighed the evidence presented by both parties.
The time frame for proceedings with the Court of First Instance can take between one to three years.
Enforcement of a legal decision
If the debtor fails to comply with a domestic judgment, the creditor is entitled to apply for the execution of the judgment before the court. This can involve the issuance of an execution decree, delivery of an execution decree to the debtor, issuance of a writ of execution and the seizure and sale of property belonging to the debtor.
Thailand has no reciprocal recognition and enforcement agreements with other countries. Enforcing foreign judgments requires new legal proceedings, where the evidence will be considered and legal defence made available to both parties.
One exception is that Thailand is a signatory to the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (1985). International arbitration awards by member countries of the Convention can be enforced if they are already final.
Insolvency proceedings
Thailand has legislation on bankruptcy and reorganisation proceedings (Bankruptcy Act B.E 2483).
Reorganisation Proceedings
1. Limited Companies, Public Limited Companies and Financial Institutions (Large Enterprises)
A petition can be filed against an insolvent corporate debtor who owes one or more creditors a known sum of THB 10 million (USD 333,000) or more. Once the court has accepted the petition for further proceedings, it appoints a planner to prepare and submit a reorganisation plan to the official receiver within three months. The court may extend this period up to a maximum of two times, for one month from the publication date of the court order appointing the planner. Secured and unsecured creditors must then apply for payment of debts within one month from the date of publication of the order for appointment of the planner. Once the official receiver is in possession of the reorganisation plan, he will convene a meeting with the creditors to consider the proposal. If it is accepted, the court needs to approve it and confirm the appointment of the plan's administrator. The latter is then responsible for the debtor company's reorganisation, as set out within the plan.
2. SMEs registered with the Office of SME Promotions or other government agencies for conducting business
Petition can be filed against:
- insolvent individuals who owe one or more creditors a known sum of THB million Baht or more;
- insolvent limited partnerships, registered partnerships, non-registered partnerships, groups of persons or other juristic entities who owe one or more creditors a known sum of THB 3 million or more
- insolvent private limited companies owing one or more creditors a known sum of between THB 3 million and 10 million.
In cases such as these, the petitioner should file a petition, along with a proposed plan of not more than three years in length in execution.
Bankruptcy proceedings
A creditor can file a bankruptcy petition against a debtor if the latter is insolvent and owes one or more creditors a definitive sum of over THB 1 million (if the debtor is an individual), or owes more than two million Baht (if the debtor is a legal entity).
Once a petition for bankruptcy has been filed, the proceedings normally include hearing the witnesses, temporary receivership of the debtor's property, the appointment of an official receiver, filing of claims for debt payments by creditors within two months from the publication date of the permanent receivership order, a bankruptcy order against the debtor (if no agreement can be reached with the creditors, issuance of a permanent receivership order, seizure of property, sale of property by public auction and pro rata distribution of the sale proceeds to creditors.


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I am struggling with how to efficiently design my class objects to support the outlining of a collection of items. The collection would be sorted but would also have the ability to indent and outdent individual items representing a Parent and Child relationship (see attached).
An item could indent up to 5 levels deep. A summary level would be considered a Parent while items below the summary level would be consider as children. Working examples would be wonderful, or just an outline of the class design to get me going would be much appreciated.