text: Secrets to Success DU has discovered a wealth of new information about what drives duck production on the prairies By David Howerter, Ph.D., and Johann Walker The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United States and Canada forms the heart of duck production in North America. DU scientists working in the PPR today benefit from research conducted by generations of scientists who came before us. Pioneering work conducted in the late 1930s and early 1940s by early waterfowl scientists Al Hochbaum and Lyle Sowls culminated in two seminal books, The Canvasback on a Prairie Marsh and Prairie Ducks, respectively, which provided some of the first insights into the ecological interplay between ducks and their environments. These volumes are must reads for aspiring waterfowl biologists to this day. Later, luminaries such as Lew Cowardin, Ray Greenwood, and Al Sargeant of the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center in Jamestown, North Dakota, conducted studies that contributed immensely to our understanding of duck breeding ecology. An important lesson from this early research was that ducks don't recognize the international border between Canada and the United States—the PPR is a single ecosystem. DU has long recognized this fact and works in both countries to solve the problems facing waterfowl. DU also conducts extensive research to help guide its prairie conservation programs. These studies focus on several issues that are of vital importance to accomplishing DU's conservation mission. Evaluating Landscape Change At its core, DU is in the landscape-change business. We either attempt to change landscapes in a way that restores ecological functions that benefit waterfowl and their habitats, or we attempt to prevent change that will harm these habitats and the birds. Understanding how landscape change affects duck populations is pivotal to the conservation work we do. That's why we continue to conduct these types of investigations. In 2002, DU launched sister studies in the U.S. and Canadian PPR to evaluate the key tenet underlying many of our prairie conservation actions: that nesting success—the proportion of nests that hatch—is highest, on average, on landscapes that have abundant grassland habitat. These studies, which are scheduled to wind down in 2011, have examined duck nesting success on more than 180 study sites in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and North and South Dakota. In total, data have been collected on nearly 20,000 duck nests. Such a large effort was necessary because the PPR is so dynamic. Periods of drought and abundant water, fluctuating predator populations, and changing land use all affect duck nesting success. Only with large samples of nests are we able to account for all these factors and achieve a statistically clear picture of the impact our work has on the birds we care so much about. Under favorable conditions, more duck nests hatch in cropland-dominated landscapes than many researchers expected. (photo by Jason Riopel, DU) So what have we learned? Preliminary results suggest that environmental conditions play an even larger role in determining duck nesting success in a given year than we previously thought. There is growing evidence that landscape-level wetland conditions have a larger impact on duck nesting success than many other variables. In other words, under favorable wetland conditions more duck nests hatch in cropland-dominated landscapes than many of us expected. These results don't mean that grassland habitat is any less important to breeding ducks. In fact, preliminary data from recent large-scale brood surveys conducted by DU and partners in North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, and Saskatchewan indicate that duck broods are most plentiful in late July on landscapes with extensive grassland and numerous small wetlands. But our findings do suggest that the relationships between ducks and their habitats are incredibly complex as prairie landscapes transition through their characteristic wet-dry cycles. Measuring the Value of Waterfowl Habitat Waterfowl habitats provide a wealth of benefits to society that, until recently, went largely unappreciated by the general public. In addition to providing important wildlife habitat, wetlands remove excess nutrients and pollutants from water that flows into lakes, rivers, and groundwater. Moreover, wetlands store water and reduce the impacts of flooding by regulating stream flows, and water stored in wetlands helps recharge aquifers. Recent investigations by DU scientists have also demonstrated that wetlands sequester large amounts of carbon, thereby reducing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Quantifying these benefits provides society with a new appreciation for the services that waterfowl habitats provide, and hopefully will encourage decision makers at various levels of government to support policies to conserve them. Putting Science into Practice Research helps DU measure the effectiveness of the suite of conservation actions that we employ on the prairie landscape. Protection and restoration of wetland and grassland habitats important to ducks are DU's highest priorities on both sides of the border. That's a huge job and requires a diverse mix of approaches guided by sound science. We use direct programs like conservation easements or grassland and wetland restorations to conserve habitat incrementally. Policy efforts that can result in extensive, landscape-level impacts over a shorter time frame are also important. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in the United States is a prime example of a DU-supported government policy that has had a positive effect on waterfowl populations in the PPR. Scientific knowledge has helped DU and its partners repeatedly argue in favor of CRP extensions and reenrollments in the PPR. Extensive, long-term research into relationships between duck populations and their habitats provides the crucial information base needed to guide current and future conservation policies across the prairies and beyond. Another important benefit of these studies is that they allow DU scientists to develop powerful computer-based tools to plan future conservation actions. These tools allow us to incorporate the best scientific information available to target landscapes and design a mix of conservation programs that will accomplish our objectives in the most cost-efficient manner. Planning tools developed to guide waterfowl conservation on the prairies have become a model for bird conservation throughout North America. These tools make it possible for conservation planners to visualize the extent of existing habitat, identify opportunities for habitat restoration, and prioritize alternative actions. To be most useful, these tools require constant adaptation as the threats to waterfowl populations and their habitats change over time. Waterfowl conservation strategies must also change in response through a continuous process of implementation, evaluation, and adaptation. The greatest long-term threat to prairie duck populations has historically been conversion of grasslands and wetlands to agricultural production. Given growing demand for food and fuel, agricultural intensification remains a concern for prairie ducks, but a relatively new concern is widespread, intensive energy development driven by rising demand for oil and electricity. Wind farms have become increasingly common on the prairie landscape in recent years. And while wind energy is generally viewed as a "green" energy source, the effect of wind towers on grassland-nesting birds—including ducks—is uncertain. To help answer these questions, DU and partners have initiated research to investigate whether wind farms affect settling of breeding ducks on nearby wetlands and whether direct mortality of ducks striking wind turbines is a concern. Analyses are ongoing, but preliminary results indicate that in the first three years of operation the impact of wind towers on breeding ducks is probably less negative than the impact of conversion of upland habitat to cropland. DU will continue to conduct research to learn more about the potential negative impacts energy development could have on prairie ducks and their habitats. The next step is to measure the cumulative effects across the PPR as more land is impacted by various forms of energy development in the future. Training the Next Generation Just as we have benefited from the knowledge of previous generations of scientists, we must ensure that a new generation of waterfowl scientists is trained to step in and help lead waterfowl conservation into the future. Accordingly, DU engages with many universities throughout North America and contributes to the graduate education of many students. Partnerships with universities not only ensure that bright young scientists receive the training they need, but also provide DU access to intellectual resources at universities to help answer questions important to our mission. DU Canada and DU Inc. jointly sponsor five fellowships each year to help support graduate student projects, and graduate students partner with DU scientists on most of our research projects. Responding to Declining Populations When populations of ducks and geese fall persistently below historical levels, DU conducts research to indentify the causes of these declines and develops conservation strategies to reverse the trend. Continentally, northern pintail and lesser scaup populations are both substantially below their long-term averages. Accordingly, DU has launched investigations into the potential causes driving declines of both species. DU's scaup research has focused on boreal landscapes, where the decline of this species appears to have been most severe. In contrast, studies of pintails have focused on the prairies—especially in southern Canada—where these birds have suffered their greatest declines. Pintails, more than any other prairie-nesting ducks, are inclined to choose croplands as nesting habitat. Early analyses suggested that this penchant for nesting in cropland, combined with the modernization of agricultural machinery, which has allowed farmers to work fields earlier in the breeding season than in the past, has resulted in a high proportion of pintail nests being destroyed during normal farming activities. Once a leading hypothesis for the cause of the pintail decline was identified, DU developed a strategy for the bird's recovery guided by the latest scientific research. Most of the pintail production on the prairies occurs on private lands, and cereal grain production is a primary source of income for many of the region's landowners. Consequently, DU sought a solution that would provide improved habitat for pintails while also allowing landowners to continue to make a living by farming the land. Winter wheat potentially offers a partial solution. Planted in the fall, winter wheat is tilled less frequently in the spring, when ducks—especially pintails—are nesting. Harvest also occurs after most pintail nests have hatched, so including winter wheat in crop rotations in areas where pintails are abundant nesters provides a promising alternative to spring-seeded cereals. Unfortunately, at the outset, winter wheat in the PPR had some serious agronomic challenges. Early varieties were susceptible to both winter kill and disease. Farmers were understandably leery of including winter wheat as a primary component of their farming enterprises. Not to be deterred, DU partnered with Dr. Brian Fowler, a prominent plant breeder at the University of Saskatchewan, to develop winter-hardy and disease-resistant strains of winter wheat that could thrive in the harsh prairie environment. Today, the number of winter wheat acres planted annually throughout the PPR is increasing, and most of the varieties being planted stem from Dr. Fowler's lab. Importantly, early research indicates that ducks hatch approximately 12 times more nests per acre in winter wheat than they do in spring-seeded cereals planted nearby. Evaluations of winter wheat continue on both sides of the border as we fine-tune where this crop is likely to be most beneficial to nesting ducks. And in 2011 and 2012, DU scientists from the United States and Canada will be partnering to study duckling survival on study sites in Saskatchewan and North Dakota to ensure that more nests hatched in winter wheat also means more ducks in the sky. Encouragingly, pintail numbers have been on the upswing in recent years. In 2010, an estimated 3.5 million breeding pintails were present in the traditional survey area—the largest population since 1997 and near a 30-year high. This allowed the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to liberalize the daily bag limit on pintails to two birds in every flyway. Ducks Unlimited has always delivered conservation guided by the best available scientific information. By continuing to invest in science, DU is positioning itself to continually improve its conservation programs—evaluating the key assumptions underlying its conservation actions and adapting its programs with new information. The end result is increasing returns on DU's conservation investments and more ducks in North America's skies. Dr. David Howerter is national manager of the Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research at DU Canada headquarters at Oak Hammock Marsh. Johann Walker is manager of conservation programs at DU's Great Plains office in Bismarck, North Dakota. To watch a video about DU's carefully-targeted, science-based conservation programs, go to www.ducks.org/conservation/how-we-conserve.


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Sydney (city, Australia)
Sydney, city (1991 pop. 3,097,956), capital of New South Wales, SE Australia, surrounding Port Jackson inlet on the Pacific Ocean. Sydney is Australia's largest city, chief port, and main cultural and industrial center; roughly one fourth of Australia's population lives in the greater Sydney area. The city serves as the center for retail and wholesale trade as well as public administration and finance. Its main exports are wool, wheat, flour, sheepskins, and meat; the chief imports are petroleum, coal, timber, and sugar. Sydney has shipyards, oil refineries, textile mills, brass foundries, and automobile, electronics, and chemical plants. The city was founded in 1788 as the first penal settlement of Australia. Its name was taken from a cave named for Captain Cook's patron, Viscount Sydney. In World War II the city was an Allied military base.
Sydney has experienced tremendous growth since World War II, and there has been extensive urban redevelopment since the 1970s. Two notable bridges cross Port Jackson inlet: the Sydney Harbour Bridge (1932) and the Gladesville Bridge (1964). In the city are the Univ. of Sydney (1850), Macquarie Univ. (1964), and the Univ. of New South Wales (1949). Among its museums are the National Gallery of Art and the Australian Museum (natural history). The dramatic, modernistic Sydney Opera House complex was largely designed by Joern Utzon, the Danish winner of an international competition; it opened in 1974 and is now Sydney's most famous landmark. Centrepoint Tower (1981) is Australia's tallest building. Sydney was the site of the Summer Olympic Games in 2000.
G. Moorhouse, Sydney: The Story of a City (2000).

subset: commoncrawl


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Representing the Blue Devils for the Central Connecticut women's track & field team at the Penn Relays in Philadelphia, PA this weekend are seniors Alasia Griebel and Amanda Asaro, sophomore Elizabeth Eberhardt, and freshman Ronea Saunders.
The Penn Relays are being held at Frankling Field on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania. Competition will start Thursday, April 26th and conclude on Saturday, April 28th.
Central's DMR team made up of Griebel, Asaro, Eberhardt, and Saunders finished with a time of 11:59.12 to place 11th. Villanova claimed gold in the event with a time of (11:01.03).
Saunders also competed in the field for the Blue Devils posting a 1.68m (5'6.00") mark in the high jump, good for a seventh place tie. Saunders finished behind NEC rival jumper Alison Day from Monmouth who placed fifth.


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Alternate Names
Nausea - self-care; Vomiting - self-care
Symptoms and Causes
Having nausea (being sick to your stomach) and vomiting (throwing up) can be very difficult to go through:
- A stomach illness or pregnancy can cause nausea.
- Some medical treatment, such as a cancer treatment, can also cause nausea.
- Even anxiety (severe worry or stress) can cause nausea and vomiting.
Being nauseous can make you not want to eat, and it can lead to unhealthy weight loss. Vomiting can make you dehydrated (dried out), and that can be dangerous. Once you and your doctor find the cause of your nausea or vomiting, you may be asked to take medicine, change your diet, or try other things to make you feel better.
How to Treat Nausea and Vomiting
Sit quietly when you feel nauseous. Sometimes moving around can make nausea worse. Try to take a nap. But do not lie down.
Drink 8 - 10 glasses of clear fluids every day. Water is best. You can also sip fruit juices and flat soda (leave the can or bottle open to get rid of the bubbles). Try sports drinks to replace minerals and other nutrition you may be losing when you throw up.
Eat 6 - 8 small meals throughout the day, instead of 3 big meals:
- Eat bland foods. Some of these are crackers, English muffins, toast, baked chicken and fish, potatoes, noodles, and rice.
- Try low-fat dairy products.
- Eat foods with a lot of water in them. Try clear soups, popsicles, and Jell-O.
- If you have a bad taste in your mouth, try rinsing with a solution of baking soda, salt, and warm water before you eat. Use 1 teaspoon baking soda, 3/4 teaspoon salt, and 4 cups warm water. Spit out after rinsing.
- Sit up after you eat. Do not lie down.
- Find a quiet, pleasant place to eat, free of odors and distractions.
Other tips that may help:
- Suck on hard candies or rinse your mouth with water after vomiting. Or you can rinse with the baking soda and salt solution above.
- Try to get outside for some fresh air.
- Watch a movie or TV to take your mind away from your nausea.
Your doctor may also recommend medicine:
- Anti-nausea medicines usually start working 30 - 60 minutes after you take them.
- When you come home after being treated with cancer drugs, you may want to use these medicines regularly for 1 or more days. Use them when nausea first starts. Do not wait until you feel very sick to your stomach.
If you are vomiting after taking any of your medicines, tell your doctor or nurse.
Things You Should Avoid
You should avoid some specific kinds of foods when you have nausea and vomiting:
- Avoid greasy and processed foods, and foods that contain a lot of salt. Some of these are white breads, pastries, doughnuts, sausage, fast-food burgers, fried foods, chips, and many canned foods.
- Avoid foods with strong smells.
- Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and carbonated drinks.
- Avoid very spicy foods.
When to Call the Doctor
Call your doctor if you or your child:
- Cannot keep any food or liquid down
- Vomit 3 or more times in 1 day
- Are nauseous for more than 48 hours
- Feel weakness
- Have fever
- Have stomach pain
- Do not have to urinate for 8 hours or more
Abrahm JL, Fowler BF. Nausea, vomiiting, and early satiety. In: Walsh D, Caraceni AT, Fainsinger R, et al, eds. Palliative Medicine. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 169.
Hainsworth JD. Nausea and vomiting. In: Abeloff MD, Armitage JO, Niederhuber JE, Kastan MB, McKenna WG, eds. Abeloff?s Clinical Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 39.
Review Date:
Reviewed By:
Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director and Director of Didactic Curriculum, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family Medicine, UW Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington; and George F. Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc.


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The idea of Ben Affleck living on $1.50 a day sounds ridiculous, right? Maybe just as ridiculous as Hugh Jackman doing the same thing.
The "Argo" director-producer-star is the latest celebrity showing his support for the Global Poverty Project's Live Below the Line campaign, a position Jackman initiated for the organization in 2011.
The Oscar winner took on the organization's challenge to spend five days feeding himself on only $1.50 a day, which is the the U.S. equivalent of the extreme poverty line. He showed his support for the initiative on Twitter.
PHOTOS: Celebrity portraits by The Times
"1.4 billion people live on less than $1.50/day. I'm joining Live #BelowTheLine on behalf of @easterncongo. Will you?," Affleck tweeted.
The challenge is meant to "give a glimpse into the lives of 1.4 billion people who have no choice but to live below the line every day – and who have to make $1.50 cover a lot more than food," according to the organization's website.


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In the wake of Hurricane Sandy, Ocean-side seemed to be largely forgotten. The Long Island Power Authority took an inexcusably long time to begin restoring power here, and some of our elected officials seemed to be late to the game. If Governor Cuomo saw any of the damage in the area, it was through the windows of a moving vehicle as he was on his way to Long Beach.
It wasn't until more than a week after the storm, when the Oceanside School District held a press conference, that people started paying attention to Oceanside. What the district did was great, and it helped shine a light on the community. But the school district's responsibility is education, not holding rallies.
None of Oceanside's current town and county representatives are from the area — Anthony Santino is from East Rockaway, Denise Ford is from Long Beach and Howard Kopel is from the Five Towns. Oceanside needs local leaders — representatives whose first priority will be Oceanside.
If Oceanside were a village, it would have elected officials of its own to speak on its behalf. A mayor and a Board of Trustees would do a better job of representing the community in times of crisis than our Town of Hempstead and Nassau County representatives.
No one seems to be in a hurry to incorporate, however. The idea was proposed in 2003, by then Legislator Jeff Toback. It never happened.
Consider the attention — and the resour-ces — that Island Park and Long Beach received in the aftermath of the storm. With local officials speaking up for them, residents were able to attract the attention of the media and officials higher up, donations have been coming in and those communities are well on their way to being fully functional once again.
Oceanside had to handle its recovery efforts on its own. There's no question that the residents who have organized collections and the distribution of food and other necessities have been nothing short of amazing. But incorporation as a village would mean money for recovery and more organized efforts. Oceanside wouldn't be forgotten.
In order to incorporate, a petition containing the signatures of 20 percent of the hamlet's registered voters would have to be submitted to the Town of Hempstead. Then the town would hold a public hearing to determine whether the proposed incorporation followed New York state village law. If the petition were found to be sound, a referendum would be held in the community to vote for incorporation.
Of course, transforming Oceanside into a village would be neither easy nor without cost. It would need a village hall, a mayor and a Board of Trustees. The village would have to determine what services it would provide to residents and decide whether it wanted to keep the Oceanside Fire District and Sanitary District 7, or provide those services itself.
Incorporation wouldn't be the answer to all of the problems Oceanside faced during and after Hurricane Sandy. But surely it is an idea worth considering for the future.


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Malloy says state taking action to limit effects of climate change
Gov. Dannel P. Malloy and Robert Klee, commissioner of the state Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, responded to the findings of the National Climate Assessment by highlighting actions the state is taking to adapt and limit climate change and calling for additional steps.
"It's clear from the National Climate Assessment that we must strengthen our efforts to reduce the volume of harmful carbon emissions into the atmosphere while putting strategies in place to adapt to changes we are going to see as a result of existing levels," Malloy said in a news release. "In Connecticut, we are taking actions to limit carbon emissions which serve as a model for the nation. We are a charter member of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, a multi-state program that has reduced carbon emissions from plants that generate electricity by 40 percent since 2005. Our Comprehensive Energy Strategy will also drive down emissions, with its emphasis on energy efficiency, renewable power, and the use of alternative vehicles in the transportation sector."
Malloy and Klee noted the assessment's main findings that climate change is happening across the country, affecting people and natural resources, and has been primarily caused by human activities including the burning of fossil fuels.
Malloy said the state's climate adaptation projects include adoption of the Climate Preparedness Plan, assistance for shoreline property owners and environmentally sound protection of the shoreline. It has also launched the Connecticut Institute for Resiliency and Climate Adaptation at the University of Connecticut's Avery Point campus in Groton.
"CIRCA will develop strategies and programs to help Connecticut's residents and communities reduce the loss of life, property and natural resources from future high-impact weather events as well as from sea level rise and flooding," Malloy said.
Klee said climate change "is not a distant or future phenomena."
"It is happening right here in Connecticut right now," he said. "In Long Island Sound, water levels are rising, water temperatures are increasing, and we are seeing a decline in cold water fish species and a marked increase in warm water species."
Klee said the Climate Preparedness Plan shows that across the state 75 species characterized as at-risk or endangered will experience large population declines due to projected changes in climate.
"Ten invasive or potentially invasive species were identified as likely to experience a significant increase in abundance here due to climate," he said. "These unwelcome invasives - including Asian clams, mile-a-minute vine, and new species of mosquitoes that can spread diseases - will put new stresses on our environment and public health."
Klee said changing temperatures and weather conditions will also impact our agriculture products, plant life, and the variety of trees in Connecticut's forests, "threatening, for instance, to drive sugar maple trees out of our state."
U.S. report says climate change is already having significant impact
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Shutdown reaches Day 28 as Trump, Pelosi feud heats up again


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More political flyers have been distributed in Wards 1 and 6, but this time they involve sewer taxes, as opposed to previous flyers that solely targeted Ward 1 Councilman Steve Colantuono.
The first of the two flyers reads: "Are you pleased that your sewer bill increased 100 percent since 2006? Did you enjoy paying a 14 percent increase this year alone?"
It continued, "What caused this problem? The same thing that causes our yearly property tax hikes – career politicians like Donna Travis and Scott Avedisian."
A second flyer supplements Travis' name with Colantuono's. Other than that, the two flyers mirror one another.
"The mayor appoints and the council approves all Sewer Board members," the flyers read. "Now, they're poised to appoint former Councilman Donald Torres, another politically connected insider who constantly raised taxes and never corrected sewer authority problems when he had the chance. We need qualified people, not political insiders, on the Sewer Board."
The flyers go on to read that Colantuono and Travis don't care about taxpayer money. They asked taxpayers to tell the council members to "stop throwing our money down the sewer."
Colantuono said that once again the people distributing the flyer have their facts wrong. He said Avedisian receives emails from the Democratic City Committee with appointments to the Sewer Board.
"Mayor Avedisian always honors their lists," Colantuono said, noting that Avedisian simply forwards the lists to the council. "It's not his list; it's not our appointment. He honors the City Committee. This is not a Mayor Avedisian appointment."
Avedisian agrees. He said the flyer is inaccurate and that he does not appoint anyone.
"The Chairman of the Democrat City Committee nominates to me and I forward to the Council," Avedisian said via email. "In fact, the first person nominated by the Chair of the Democrat City Committee was former Councilman Carlo Pisaturo [and] his nomination was rejected by the Council. That meant moving to the next nominee, former Councilman Donald Torres. His nomination is now pending before the Council."
Ward 1 resident John Kennedy, who said he created and distributed the flyers, said he and about a dozen people are going to continue printing and distributing flyers.
"We're not going to sit around and wait for every election to notify the public," he said during a phone interview late yesterday afternoon. "We're going to do it throughout the year and throughout next year so people know what's going on. We're tired of these career politicians just electing their politically connected insiders and not people that are qualified for these positions. It's at the point where it impacts everyone that lives in the city."
Kennedy said that just because Torres once served on the council and also ran for mayor doesn't make him qualified to sit on the sewer authority.
"There are millions of dollars involved and he doesn't know anything about construction, project management or anything to do with the water or the sewer board," said Kennedy. "It impacts the user, which is the taxpayer. We're tired of getting increases every year. And a majority of the projects are under accessed. The next project has to pay for the last project. It's mismanaged and has been like that for years. We just want people on these committees and boards to know what they are doing."
He is also "tired of" continued tax increases.
"When are we going to get a decrease?" Kennedy said. "When are my taxes going to go down? They always go up, but they never go down."
Kennedy said people could anticipate more flyers in the future. The group plans to target politicians throughout the city who it feels aren't living up to expectations of the taxpayer. It depends, he said, on legislation that they push.
"If you're not taxpayer friendly, we're going to be coming after you," Kennedy said.
He anticipates the group of people involved in creating and passing out the flyers will grow as more individuals become aware of the issues.
"We want to keep the residents of each ward engaged in the process," Kennedy said. "No one goes to [council meetings at] City Hall. Ten people show up and they think it's a riot. Not everybody can go to these meetings, so how can we educate them about what's going on? This is how we're going to educate them."
Former Ward 1 Councilman Bob Cushman, who also formerly served on the School Committee, said while he was involved with previous flyers distributed before the election, he wasn't involved this time.
"I had no part in it," Cusman said.
The taxpayers of Warwick have had it. We are tired of paying these ridiculous sewer fees.
Thank you, Mr.Kennedy for so eloquently describing the taxpayers disgust with the constant tax increases.
The WSA is out of control. Torres is nothing but a political hack. No experience and showed a testy attitude when questioned by taxpayers at his nomination hearings. An insult.
Glad the flyer drops have begun. Good to see Coluntuano and Travis were targeted. Hope to see Vella-Wilkinson's ward added quickly to distribution list..
The taxpayers will take the city back.
Mr Maloney. You post an article about a DPW worker. How about posting how much taxpayers are paying the Superintendent who is on paid administrative leave and the Acting Superintenden t. I'm sure it's a heck of a lot more than the back pay and I'm not counting the cost of litigation and what the School Committee will pay out for thier action.
The Superintendent's contract was expiring this summer. Unless there was something criminal or something very serious going on why take the action?. If things were that bad then why suspend with pay? This will cost the taxpayers low to mid six figurers before it.s over.There're be a confidential settlement so you'll try to hide the cost. Nice job watching the taxpayers funds. A suggestion, insist on a no confidentially waiver for the dollar amount of the settlement.
Hey Landslide Steve....
The Mayor nominates 1 person to the Sewer Board and the republican and democrat party chairs 2 each. Scottie controls the 3 republican choices just like he controls you he controls the democrats in Warwick also.
Love the way you, Landslide Steve, and Scottie try to deflect from the real issue...the total mismanagement at WSA. Tell us Landslide why the rates continue to esculate out of control. Landslide you voted to approve the majority of sitting board members. Landslide Stevie I guarantee you the spotlight is still on because we are embolden by the election results. If there is any comfort for you, your anti taxpayer colleagues of Travis and Wilkinson will also see flyers distributed in their neighborhood. That empty suit Place would also be on that list but thankfully for the taxpayers he is going.
GordianKnot (Mayor/ Howell), stop spending and pointing in a different direction. People will eventually figure it out. I posted because I am being jumped because of this decision when bad decision after bad decision is being made on the city side with no Screaming for an explanation from them. Schools, doing great since 2008.
ward 2 had the most looks who lives there. thank-you
There's going to be a push to get more bond money to add sewers. This, when they haven't connected 50 percent of the city. Say no to more bond money for sewers.
While we are talking about public employees stealing from the city, did anybody see the Hummel Report on the guy stealing from the compost. Hopefully Picozzi and Avedisian won't screw this one up.
Hope Landslide Steve votes to confirm Torres, another political hack, to the sewer board.
The flyer printing presses are still on. What a great flyer bullet point for the next election. Good to see we stopped Landslide Steve's political ambitions i.e. council presidency and run for Mayor.
People final realize Landslide Steve is an empty suit.


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June 20, 2012
Adding the drug nevirapine to the regimen given to newborns of women diagnosed with HIV shortly before or during labor halves the newborns' risk of contracting the virus, according to findings by a National Institutes of Health research network.
The researchers found that the rate of mother-to-child HIV transmission around the time of delivery was 2.2 percent among infants who received the standard drug zidovudine combined with nevirapine, compared with 4.8 percent among infants treated with zidovudine alone.
The researchers also found a reduced rate of transmission (2.4 percent) among infants treated with a three-drug combination: zidovudine, nelfinavir and lamivudine. However, infants given the two-drug combination were less likely to have neutropenia than were those on the three drug regimen. (Neutropenia is a blood disorder consisting of low levels of neutrophils, a type of infection fighting white blood cell.) The two drug combination is also less expensive and easier to administer than the three drug combination.
First author Karin Nielsen-Saines, M.D., of the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine conducted the research with Dr. Mofenson and 25 colleagues at the NICHD and 17 other hospitals and research institutions in Argentina, Brazil, South Africa and the United States. The researchers conducted the study as part of the NICHD- and NIAID-funded International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group (IMPAACT) and its predecessor networks, the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) and the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG). Additional support for IMPAACT was provided by NIH's National Institute of Mental Health.
Their findings appear in the New England Journal of Medicine.
The study included more than 1,600 infants born between 2004 and 2010.All had received one of three treatments:
To reduce the risk of HIV transmission through breast milk, mothers were counseled to formula feed their infants. The researchers tested the infant's HIV status at three months. About 8 percent of all the infants were HIV positive.
Within 48 hours after birth, the researchers tested the infants for HIV. Overall, about 6 percent tested positive, indicating that infection occurred before birth.
The researchers calculated the overall infection rates for all the infants in the study -- those infected at birth, and later, after 6 weeks of treatment.In addition to acquiring HIV during their time in the womb, infants may also become infected during the labor and delivery process. The study evaluated the effectiveness of the treatments in reducing HIV transmission during this latter interval (intrapartum transmission). So the researchers calculated the transmission rate around the time of delivery -- the proportion of infections among infants who tested negative at birth, but later tested positive after six weeks of treatment. In the different drug treatment groups, infection rates were 7.1 percent in the zidovudine-nevirapine group (which had a 2.2 percent transmission rate), 7.4 percent in the three-drug arm (which had a 2.4 percent transmission rate), and 11 percent in the zidovudine-only group (which had a 4.8 percent transmission rate).
The researchers also found that mothers with more severe HIV infections were more likely to transmit HIV to their infants than were other mothers in the study. Illegal drug use during pregnancy also increased the transmission rate.
"The two-drug combination is relatively easy to administer and well tolerated by the babies," Dr. Watts said. "Now that this alternative has been shown to be effective, it is increasingly being adopted worldwide to prevent transmission in these high-risk situations."
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text: Korean Job Discussion Forums :: View topic - Like him or hate him, Galloway's always interesting. Speak Korean Now! Korean Job Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in Like him or hate him, Galloway's always interesting. Korean Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Current Events Forum View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message R. S. RefugeeJoined: 29 Sep 2004Location: Shangra La, ROK Posted: Sun May 29, 2005 1:22 pm Post subject: Like him or hate him, Galloway's always interesting. With apologies to my two favorite dislikers of Galloway, wangja and hypnotist... R.S.R. note: Galloways testimony was on the subcomittee's website for a day, but now has been tossed down the memory hole. See their weenie explanation here: http://hsgac.senate.gov/index.cfm?Fuseaction=Hearings.Detail&HearingID=232 And then there's very clear evidence of systematic torture. There's the desecration of the Koran which may or may not have happened, depending on which edition of Newsweek you are prepared to believe. This is a big scar on the face of the United States. And it seems to me that too few citizens of the United States have fastened on to the fact that the protestations by your president and your government of being interested in human rights and democracy and freedom are quite negated by the very existence of Guantanamo Bay. Interview with British MP George Galloway Interview by Thom Hartmann Read it here. . . http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0528-27.htm Or listen to the MP3 audio here . . . http://www.thomhartmann.com/galloway.mp3 Back to top WangjaJoined: 17 May 2004Location: Seoul, Yongsan Posted: Sun May 29, 2005 4:33 pm Post subject: Quote: Panel 2 George Galloway , Member of Parliament for Bethnal Green and Bow , Great Britain Mr Galloway did not submit a written statement ????? As you say RSR, like 'im or loathe 'im, he did pose some intriguing questions, questions that I hope are re-posed by A. N. Other, perhaps closer to the source. There do seem to be a few more fissures developing, so I am optimistic. And in any event, only 1,330 days to go. Back to top Big_BirdJoined: 31 Jan 2003Location: Sometimes here sometimes there... Posted: Sun May 29, 2005 11:39 pm Post subject: I particularly liked this analogy: Galloway wrote: And that's what I think this Patriot Act is all about. It's about fooling the American people into believing that if you just arm the state with enough fly swats you'll be able to whack away all the beasts that are coming your way. But the truth is, these mosquitoes are coming out of a swamp; a very real swamp of grievance, of bitterness and hatred at our injustice and at the policies that we are following. And unless we drain that swamp by reversing the policies of injustice that have germinated this threat then it doesn't matter how many Patriot Acts you pass, it doesn't matter how many fly swats you hand out, how many mosquito nets you wrap yourself in, you're not going to be able to stop them hurting us again. It's crazy to think that you can fight terrorism with force. You have to deal with the underlying political cause if you want to stop it. But I'm pretty sure the Bush administration are smart enough to know that. Back to top R. S. RefugeeJoined: 29 Sep 2004Location: Shangra La, ROK Posted: Mon May 30, 2005 9:52 am Post subject: Big_Bird wrote: It's crazy to think that you can fight terrorism with force. You have to deal with the underlying political cause if you want to stop it. But I'm pretty sure the Bush administration are smart enough to know that. Of course they are smart enough to know that, though the simian-in-chief himself may be oblivious, after all they didn't even bother to interrupt his bike ride to tell him that the White House was under "red alert" last week and that his wife had been evacuated until it was all over. They don't want it to end. It's the best thing that's ever happened to them. It provides the greatest opportunity to transfer more and more wealth from the middle and working classes to the wealthy elite and it also provides the opportunity to transfer even more power from the people to the political leadership core as we keep careening toward fascism. (Yes, wannago, I know.) Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Korean Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Current Events Forum All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Forums:----------------FAQJob-related Discussion ForumGeneral Discussion ForumOff-Topic ForumTravel ForumCurrent Events ForumTechnology ForumBuy/Sell/Trade Forum You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum This page is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. Contact Dave's ESL Cafe Copyright © 2018 Dave Sperling. All Rights Reserved. Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group TEFL International Supports Dave's ESL Cafe


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40. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueJanGeloen Sep 20, 2010 2:26 AM (in response to Chris Cox)
Here also version 12.0.1 (with the clipboard problem)
41. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueJohn Joslin Sep 20, 2010 3:08 AM (in response to JanGeloen)
I never had it since I installed a Clipboard Manager. (Clipmate)
42. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard Issuenickpudar Sep 20, 2010 3:38 AM (in response to John Joslin)
Did you have the problem before you installed the Clipboard Manager? If so, that might be the clue to solve this problem.
43. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueJohn Joslin Sep 20, 2010 4:36 AM (in response to nickpudar)
nickpudar wrote:
Did you have the problem before you installed the Clipboard Manager?
I did but that was back in CS2 or 3
You could try a free trial to see what happens.
44. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard Issuenickpudar Sep 20, 2010 3:00 PM (in response to John Joslin)
Unfortunately, the Clipmate product does not work in 64 bit environments.
45. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueJohn Joslin Sep 21, 2010 2:03 AM (in response to nickpudar)
nickpudar wrote:Unfortunately, the Clipmate product does not work in 64 bit environments.
It works fine on my Windows 7 Professional 64-bit OS.
46. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard Issuenickpudar Sep 21, 2010 3:27 AM (in response to John Joslin)
You're right -- I miss-read the ClipMate FAQ. It runs as a 32 bit application, and then it goes on to say that some features of Windows Internet Explorer 64 bit mode don't work properly with ClipMate. So I did not feel like it would help putting yet another application on my computer. I'll have to try it to see, unless someone else who is experiencing the problem tries first.
47. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueIdaMJ Oct 5, 2010 1:49 AM (in response to JanGeloen)
I am experiencing the exactly same problem. Is there any solution to this? I have a user that uses Photshop CS5 64bit that only can paste the things that was copied before the program was started...
48. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard Issuejdemattia Oct 5, 2010 8:31 AM (in response to JanGeloen)
I have seen this exact issue with Photoshop 64-bit on Windows 7. It's really aggrevating.
Taking a print screen, I usually paste it in mspaint and save that as a png and open the png in Photoshop, but that's not really an effective way of doing things...
49. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueWickSmith Oct 7, 2010 9:51 AM (in response to Chris Cox)
This does seem to be a Windows 64-bit version issue. I copy an image from a Web page. I can paste it easily into MS Paint, for example, so I know nothing is preventing the image from being copied to the clipboard. However, PhotoShop is showing nothing on the clipboard. When creating a new file, the option to size the document for the clipboard is grayed out.
Clearly something is preventing PhotoShop 64-bit from seeing the clipboard.
50. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueBojohnso Oct 7, 2010 10:37 AM (in response to JanGeloen)
Since you are not able to copy paste files into Photoshop, use the drag and drop method.
51. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueJonathon P Oct 11, 2010 8:08 AM (in response to JanGeloen)
Hi All,
Just wanted to add myself to the list of people suffering this problem. Interestingly with CS4 PS-64bit, not CS5.
Windows 7 Ultimate (Ultimate indeed...) 64 bit. Minimalistic start-up, tried running no other software and killing processes all to no avail.
Otherwise exactly the same issue.
Copy item, open PS-64, new document = correct document size etc.
Try and copy item after PS-64 already open, no dice. I tried purging the clipboard in PS-64 and after that the paste options are completely greyed out regardless of what you try to copy.
I am specifically trying to copy images from ID to PS. Bad form I know, but for what I am doing, if the clipboard was working, it would be much quicker than retrieving the original images, merging, cropping etc.
Drag and drop works, but this is no good if you want to create a new document from the clipboard.
So rather than just a CS5 issue, it appears to be a Windows 64 bit/PS-64bit issue, regardless of release.
Cheers, J
52. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueRon Pearson Oct 13, 2010 3:24 AM (in response to JanGeloen)
CS5 Photoshop on Mac
My issue with the clipboard is slightly different.
We often have to copy a pic from Word, then paste it into Photoshop.
With CS5, when I hit new... the window that opens is for a much smaller file...
ie on the clipboard is a 26MB pic, but CS5 cuts this to about 350K
CS4 does not have this problem.
Any idea what's going on?
53. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard Issuedec9 Oct 13, 2010 3:28 AM (in response to Ron Pearson)
You will have to ask the MAC forums.
I am guessing it is normal for a MAC to lose over 25 mb of data.
54. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueLacrymocephale Oct 13, 2010 4:26 AM (in response to JanGeloen)
Nobody have talked about the fact that is an old bug. Photoshop have clipboard discontinuity problems since a long time, about since version 8.0 (CS). In some distributions, you could find a AlwaysImportClipbd_ON.reg file to update your registery. This bug fix used to not work for everyone.
The trick was:
After many years, this bug is still here and still difficult to fix...
55. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueDavid Dobish Oct 13, 2010 9:43 AM (in response to Lacrymocephale)
We have been trying to reproduce this at Adobe for some time now. Nobody who has tested this inside of Adobe is able to reproduce this issue. I am not doubting your findings, I am just saying that we are not able to reproduce the problem. Their has to be some sort of configuration or difference that we do not have locally. If I understand the steps. They are this.
1. PS unlaunched
2. open web page and right click on image.
3. Select copy from context menu
4. Launch PS
5. select different image and copy or print screen
6. Create new in PS
7. Paste
Result: The first images is pasted but not the second image as expected.
If I have the steps incorrect please alert me.
Can you think of any special settings or apps you have present on your machine?
1. Try trashing your prefs. Ctrl+alt+shift on launch. OK the trash prefs dialog.
2. In the PS directory out a ~ in front of your plugins and relaunch PS. This will cause plugins to not load.
56. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueJonathon P Oct 13, 2010 10:52 AM (in response to David Dobish)
Well I have found this rather interesting!
On further investigation I now have no problem pasting different size images from web or other sources into new documents and having PS-64 correctly set up for what is on the clipboard.
I did however add the registry entry as per Lacrymocephale's post before testing this, so that could have been the remedy.
I added the entry as a new 64-bit Q-Word value.
My problem pasting images into photoshop from Indesign persisited though...
I deleted (after searching for prefs) 3 files called "PhotoshopIimporterPrefs.eve"
After restarting PS-64 it now works correctly again, creating new documents according to what is on the clipboard. Sweet!
I consider this an easy fix if it happens again and therefore, for me anyway, solved.
Many thanks to Lacrymocephale and David Dobish for the advice and clues on where to look for solutions to this!
I'm chuffed! J
57. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueDavid Dobish Oct 13, 2010 11:12 AM (in response to Jonathon P)
One other thing. If you see the problem again I would like to see a screen shot of "task manager". See my screen shot for an example.
TaskManager.PNG 86.4 K
58. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueJonathon P Oct 13, 2010 11:17 AM (in response to David Dobish)
No Problem - will do! (Have bookmarked this page)
Thanks again - J
59. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueLacrymocephale Oct 13, 2010 12:14 PM (in response to David Dobish)
Let myself explain few things about how I know this bug and how I came to this forum today.
I have experienced this with CS2 and CS5, always under Windows XP Pro.
When I had CS2, I have tried to uninstall the Microsoft Office clipboard, nothing changed. Then, I try the Clipbook service on and off, and still nothing change. The bug is clearly really hard to reproduce. And my today experience is in a way proving it:
The Photoshop Clipboard run off during a session. I was working, sometime pasting screen capture in Photoshop. I leave my computer after having lock the session, I came back pasting was unavailable. I remember that when I got this bug under CS2 it was not always because of locking the station. It was during a session. And relaunch Photoshop changes nothing. I got to reboot to have the clipboard working again. With CS2, I have also experimented pasting in 2 colors only.
Next time the clipboard will unwork, I will try to purge it. But I remembered that this changed nothing while using CS2 so I didn't even try this morning. If I someday manage do determinatively reproduce the bug, I'll make a report.
CS5 is disappointing. I also got some serious problems with my Wacom Intuos 3. During the same drawing session, some strokes I got pressure recognition, some strokes not. But this an other story... Still loving Ps either.
60. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueNoel Carboni Oct 13, 2010 3:58 PM (in response to Jonathon P)
function(){return A.apply(null,[this].concat($A(arguments)))}
Jonathon P wrote:
I added the entry as a new 64-bit Q-Word value.
You'd need confirmation from Adobe to be sure, but a quad word value is probably not the right choice. I assume you did this because Photoshop is 64 bit, but it's not likely the Adobe programmers changed the registry access function (if it still exists) to use a quad word instead of a double word just because they're compiling for 64 bits. The size of registry access functions is not normally tied to the natural integer size; you have to specifically code them to a particular data type.
Honestly, I've never tried reading a quad word from the registry with a double word access; since the Intel processor is little-endian it may well work out to the same thing.
61. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard Issuestudio aquarel Oct 16, 2010 2:53 AM (in response to Noel Carboni)
62. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueJanGeloen Oct 16, 2010 2:57 AM (in response to studio aquarel)
I have 2 extra plugins installed on both systes with the bug. They are: Alien Skin Exposure 3 and Alien Skin Blow Up 2. But I'm to dependant on those two plugins to remove them and check if they cause the problem... Anyone Als has the problem with these plugins?
63. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard Issuejdemattia Oct 16, 2010 3:09 AM (in response to JanGeloen)1 person found this helpful
I can confirm that uninstalling Alien Skin Exposure 3 fixes the issue!
As this issue apparently occurs with a few different plug-ins, I wonder what those plug-ins have in common.
Is it an issue with the plug-ins, or with Photoshop when the plug-ins are installed?
It would be great if Adobe could install Alien Skin Exposure 3 and see if they can finally reproduce the issue.
64. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueJanGeloen Oct 16, 2010 4:05 AM (in response to jdemattia)
( I apologize for the dodgy spelling in my last post)
This is a great! To bad I really need those plugins... Hopefully Adobe is reading this and they can check if there is a problem with the plugin part of PS or if it is actually the plugin itself causing the problem.
65. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard Issuesebastian229 Oct 24, 2010 9:06 PM (in response to JanGeloen)
Try Edit>Purge>All
I had the same issue and that solved it in my case.
66. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueLittleLew Nov 4, 2010 2:37 PM (in response to JanGeloen)
The Edit>Purge All did not work for me.
I can't pin down when this started happening but I did install the 64 bit version of Nik Silver Efex about the time this started and I will try uninstalling and see if that fixes the problem.
67. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard Issueasdasd232d Nov 4, 2010 5:51 PM (in response to JanGeloen)
*** I have solved the problem ***
Using Windows 7 64-bit with CS5 64-bit.
I used to have that issue and I solved it by removing a bunch of "crap apps" from my comp. I can't tell after which one it worked but here is the list of things I've uninstalled:
- VMWare Workstation.
- All Apple stuff.
- Flash.
- Disabled a bunch of Adobe start-up executables in msconfig.
- Disabled Java in msconfig.
- GoogleUpdate.exe (renamed the exe so it doesn't start).
I think this is it.
68. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueNoel Carboni Nov 4, 2010 6:38 PM (in response to asdasd232d)
Not surprising.
FYI I run VMware Workstation and never see clipboard problems.
Apple and Google software would be VERY likely suspects though. Neither of them have any interest in improving your PC computing experience. Far from it!
69. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueTora999 Nov 6, 2010 2:10 AM (in response to studio aquarel)
I can confirm that the problem occured after installing 64bit plugins by NIK Software (Color Efex Pro or Viveza). When deactivating the "Selective Tool" in the plugins folder then the clipboard works fine again.
70. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueLittleLew Nov 8, 2010 12:40 PM (in response to JanGeloen)
I deactivated the Selective tool in Efex Pro and the clipboard function works fine but Efex Pro will not create the new BW layer.
71. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueYammer Nov 9, 2010 5:48 AM (in response to JanGeloen)
I've got the same problem too.
I tend to Alt-PrtScn and paste into Photoshop CS5, but I've not been able to work out why it sometimes works and sometimes does not.
I am also using Nik Color Efex, and have recently upgraded to the 64-bit version. I couldn't tell you if this problem started before or since. I always stop the Nik Selective tool from loading with Photoshop, I even tried removing it, but it stopped Color Efex working properly.
I have also noticed that MS Outlook 2003 stops responding sometimes when Photoshop is open. It resumes as soon as I close Photoshop. I thought I'd mention this, as it was a google search for "Photoshop CS5 Outlook 2003" which brought me to this thread.
72. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueDavid Dobish Nov 9, 2010 11:34 AM (in response to Yammer)
We appreciate all your help diagnosing this problem. I have sent your issues off to our team and Nik software to see if we can get to the bottom of it. I do not have anything concrete to share at this point, but I wanted to let you know that we are looking into the issue. I hope to have something in the near future.
73. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueSG... Nov 9, 2010 12:12 PM (in response to David Dobish)
To follow on Dave's email, can those that found disabling Nik Selective Tool works around the problem please post the version number? You can find it by going to Help> About Plug-In> Nik Selective Tool... (when the plug-in is not disable, of course).
Thanks in advance!
74. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueYammer Nov 9, 2010 12:20 PM (in response to SG...)
Is there an easy way to disable the plug-in? Or is it still the old tilde-in-front-of-the-filename method?
75. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueSG... Nov 9, 2010 12:28 PM (in response to Yammer)
Tilde in front is still the tried and true method.
76. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueYammer Nov 9, 2010 12:37 PM (in response to SG...)
Disabling the 64-bit 'SelectivePalette.8li' fixes the clipboard problem for me.
v. 2.006 - 8263
77. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueTora999 Nov 10, 2010 1:21 AM (in response to Yammer)
Same with me:
v. 2.006 - 8263
78. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard Issuenickpudar Nov 10, 2010 6:30 PM (in response to JanGeloen)
Success! Disabling the SelectivePallet also solved the problem for me. My version is 2.005-6616.
Thanks everyone!
79. Re: Photoshop CS5 Clipboard IssueYammer Nov 17, 2010 12:23 AM (in response to Yammer)
Just in case anyone was wondering, 64-bit pasting is still broken with the latest version of Selective Tool (2.006 - 9162) which comes with DFine 2.107.


text:
The Seneca girls and boys basketball teams split a pair of games on the road against Saint Mary's-Colgan on Tuesday.
The Seneca girls and boys basketball teams split a pair of games on the road against Saint Mary's-Colgan on Tuesday.
The girls knocked off the Lady Panthers 42-38 while the boys fell on a last-second shot, 43-42.
Bob Coffey's Lady Indians were in a fight all evening, but came away with a narrow victory behind solid offensive efforts from Bailey Skelton and Molli Cooper. Skelton turned in 16 points on the night while Cooper added 12. Also scoring for the Lady Indians was Courtney Wood with five, Rachel Butterfield and Annie Howard with four and Mirana Heath with one.
Colgan won the junior varsity contest, 33-28. Willow Rhoades led Seneca in that one with 13 points.
Seneca's boys, meanwhile, lost a heartbreaker at the hands of Colgan's Austin Commons, who hit a 3-pointer with 1.8 seconds left to set Colgan up with the victory. After trailing by only a basket in the first half, the Indians led it the rest of the way, even pushing their lead into double figures before the Panthers clawed back in it.
The Indians struggled at the free throw line, missing the front end on three late trips to the line, the last of which set up Commons' heroics.
Dyson Dechant led the Panthers' offense with 11 points while Commons turned in 10.
Kyler Ng had a big night for the Indians and finished with 17 points while Chance Smith added eight, Elias Roelfsema seven, Logan St. Clair three, Jason Mendoza, Shane Murphy and Payton Rawlins two and Bradley Jumper one.
The Indians (6-3) are idle until 2013 when they entertain Galena (Kan.) at 6 p.m. Thursday, Jan. 3.


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University News
Fallen Soldiers 5k Run/Walk Nov. 2
September 9, 2013
MACOMB, IL -- In November 2012, more than 300 runners and walkers came out in force to raise nearly $10,000 by participating in Western Illinois University's inaugural Fallen Soldiers 5k Run/Walk, and event organizers expect the Nov. 2, 2013 event to match -- or better yet, exceed -- last year's success.
The event is designed as a fundraiser for the Fallen Soldier's Scholarship Fund in honor of two WIU alumni who were killed in the line of duty, Capt. Derek Dobogai and Lt. Col. Robert Baldwin. Dobogai, who graduated from Western in 2003 with a bachelor's degree in law enforcement and justice administration, was among the 14 U.S. soldiers aboard a Black Hawk helicopter that crashed Aug. 22, 2007 in northern Iraq. Baldwin, who earned a bachelor's degree in industrial technology from WIU in 1993, was killed Sept. 21, 2010 when his Blackhawk UH-60 helicopter carrying Navy SEALs crashed during combat operations in the Zabul province of Afghanistan.
Money raised from the 5k Run/Walk is directed toward the WIU Fallen Soldiers Scholarship Fund, which supports veterans and service members currently enrolled at Western. Additional donations are welcome. The entry fee is $25 per person, and pre-registration is due by Friday, Oct. 25. The registration form can be found at https://www.wiu.com/alumni.
For more information, contact Holly Fecht at (309) 298-1861, or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Posted By: WIU News (firstname.lastname@example.com)
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Two courses are now available: Basic Chest X-Ray and Suturing Techniques.Buy Advantice Advantice FAQ


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Difference between revisions of "Armenia"
Revision as of 22:36, 18 March 2013
Armenia (Armenian: Hayastan) is the only country remaining from 3,000 year old maps of Anatolia. It became the world's first Christian country more than 1,700 years ago in 301 AD, and has a large Diaspora all over the world. As a former Soviet republic lying in the Caucasus region, straddling Asia and Europe, Armenia has an ancient and rich culture. Armenia is very easy to experience, thanks to very hospitable people.
Landlocked, Armenia is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Iran to the south, Azerbaijan to the east, and Azerbaijan's Naxcivan exclave to the southwest. Five percent of the country's surface area consists of Lake Sevan (Sevana Lich), the largest lake in the Lesser Caucasus mountain range. The many mountains and mountain valleys create a great number of micro climates, with scenery changing from arid to lush forest at the top of a mountain ridge.
Armenia is by far the easiest country to visit in the Caucasus; there are lots of road signs in English and you get the distinct feeling that tourists are welcome. Police don't appear to be too crooked, at least not in Yerevan, and in general the country appears to be both reasonably safe and well-organised.
On a trip to Armenia, you will frequently be reminded that Armenia was the world's first officially Christian country. You will have a hard time forgetting this as a tourist, since countless monasteries are among Armenia's premier tourist attractions. Fortunately for those who might otherwise suffer monastery fatigue, many of these monasteries are built in places of incredible natural beauty, making the sites of monasteries like Tatev, Noravank, Haghartsin, Haghpat and Geghard well worth a visit even without the impressive, millennia old monasteries found there.
Since 2001, when Armenia celebrated the 1,700th anniversary of the nation's conversion to Christianity, the growth in the number of tourists has grown by about 25% every year. Straddling Europe and Asia in the lesser Caucasus Mountains, an ex-Soviet state, with a culture over 3,000 years old and examples of ancient architecture and art all over the countryside, this beautiful country offers something exotic for many tourists.
Armenian history extends for over 3,000 years. Armenians have historically inhabited the "Armenian Highlands", a vast section of mountains and valleys across eastern Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus. Armenian vassal states, principalities, kingdoms and empires would rise and fall in different parts of this highland during history. They were only unified once, just before the time of Christ in the empire of Tigran the Great, stretching from the Caspian to the Mediterranean Sea. Much of the history was spent under the domination of the great powers of the region. The western parts of Armenia were for long periods under Byzantine or Ottoman Turkish rule, while the eastern parts were under Persian or Russian rule. These empires often fought their wars on Armenian territory, using Armenian soldiers. It was a rough neighbourhood, but Armenians managed to hold on to their language and church, and prosper whenever given a chance. Being located on the silk road, Armenians built a network of merchant communities and ties extending from eastern Asia to Venice. Eventually, with the onslaught of nationalism, Armenians paid a heavy price for their religion and their envy-inducing wealth.
Armenian Genocide
After a number of protests by Western powers over their poor treatment of Armenians, Ottoman Turkey decided they did not want Armenians in Anatolia any longer, seeing the risk of foreign intervention or an independent nation rising in the middle of Anatolia. Their decision to kill and deport the entire Armenian population created the huge Armenian Diaspora community that exists all over the world today, and since that time has locked Turks and Armenians in conflict as one seeks to deny the crimes for which the other demands international recognition. To this day, Turkey refuses to establish diplomatic relations with its neighbour over this, and the Karabakh Conflict (see below).
Soviet Armenia
In many ways, the Soviet period was a golden one for Armenians. The price they paid for it was extraordinarily high, with arbitrary borders being drawn between Armenia and Azerbaijan (setting the stage for future conflict), with hundreds of thousands dying in WWII, defending Russia and with countless Armenians lost to the GULAG and KGB. Economically however, the country boomed, and culturally, within the strict limits, there were heavily subsidized cultural education and activities. Those who did not toe the government line, however, were often victims of car crashes or worse. Yerevan mushroomed from a dusty garrison town of 20,000 to a metropolis of 1 million.
Karabakh Conflict
In the early 1990s, the Armenians in Karabakh fought for independence from Azerbaijan with support from Armenia, and the Armenian Diaspora. The war was won militarily, but with no diplomatic solution reached. A ceasefire has held since 1994, with minor exceptions. The Armenian/Karabakh borders with Azerbaijan are closed. Turkey has also closed its land border with Armenia in support of their Azeri-Turk kinsmen.
As Armenia straddles Europe and Asia, East and West, so does the culture. Many Armenians refer to Armenia as a European nation, but their social conservatism in some realms hasn't been seen in Europe proper for a few decades. The collapse of the Soviet Union has opened up many of these channels again, and change is coming rapidly, but much more so in Yerevan than in the rest of the country. The small and very homogeneous (about 99% Armenian) population is strongly family oriented. The people across the land are very hospitable, and place a lot of pride in their hospitality. Show up in a village without a penny, and food and a place to stay will flow - along with drinks and endless toasts.
Many visitors will be surprised to know that Armenia is not just a Christian nation, but it is the first country in the world to adopt Christianity as a state religion. It took place in 301 AD. One can find thousands of churches and monasteries in Armenia. Armenians are Apostolic Christians and have their own Catholicos (religious leader, like the Pope for Catholics).
A small and mountainous, landlocked country, Armenia almost never fails to surprise visitors. The mountain passes, valleys and canyons make it feel much larger, and Lake Sevan provides a welcome sight, with endless water in sight when you're on the southern shores. With all of the geographic variation, the climate varies a great deal as well - be ready for everything from barren lunar landscapes to rain forests to snow-capped peaks and a vast alpine lake. There are places where a few of these are visible at once.
Other destinations
Get in
European Union passport holders and citizens of the following countries can enter Armenia without a visa: Argentina, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan. As of 10 January 2013, citizens of EEA member states can stay in Armenia for up to 180 days.
Citizens of the USA and most other countries may obtain single-entry tourist visas at any border control point. 21/120 day tourist visas cost 3000/15000 dram. Alternatively, those eligible for a visa on arrival can arrange an e-Visa beforehand. They cost US$40 and are generally approved within two business days. Travellers arriving with an e-Visa can enter Armenia at Ayrum railway station, Bavra, Bagratashen, and Gogavan land borders with the Republic of Georgia, Zvartnots International Airport, and Meghri land border with Iran.
Passport holders of Afghanistan, Algeria, Bangladesh, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ghana, Iraq, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Sierra Leone, Tunisia, and Vietnam require an invitation, and must apply for a visa at the nearest embassy/consulate before arriving.
Border guards at land crossings do accept other currencies, but they may not give you a good exchange rate. It is best to have Armenian dram before you arrive at the border. Some travellers have been charged as much as US$20 to purchase the visa. Border guards and customs officials cannot make change for large foreign notes.
Visas bought in the Yerevan airport must be paid for in local currency. There is both a change booth and ATM at the Yerevan airport before immigration control. There is also a hefty surcharge of approximately US$10 for changing traveller's cheques, which are not widely used in Armenia.
By plane
Zvartnots International Airport (IATA: EVN) [1], 10 km west of Yerevan is the main airport in the country.
The national carrier is Armavia, serves destinations across the CIS, Europe and the Middle East. Some West Asian airlines (Syrian, Iranian, etc.) also serve the airport.
There are very frequent flights from across the CIS. Russian airlines include: Aeroflot, S7, Ural, Polet, Kuban Airlines, Saravia, Tatarstan, UTAir and Yamal. Others include Belevia (Belarus), Dniproavia (Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine) and SCAT (Kazakhstan).
Several European airlines also serve Yerevan: Czech Airlines, Air France, Austrian, LOT.
Shirak Airport (IATA: LWN) in Gyumri has a few flights from Russia.
By train
There is an overnight train once every other day to Tbilisi, Georgia. The train links with Turkey and Azerbaijan are severed.
By car
It is possible to drive to Armenia via Iran or Georgia. The borders with Turkey and Azerbaijan are closed. Local travel agents can arrange transport to the border; some Georgian agents can arrange transport all the way through to Tbilisi. Although more expensive than a train or a bus, a private car may be more comfortable and combined with sightseeing along the way.
By bus
There is minibus (marshrutka) service from Tbilisi to Yerevan for about US$17 (30GEL). From this service, it is also possible to get out at Alaverdi (closest major town to Haghpat and Sanahin monasteries).
There is daily modern bus service to Yerevan available from Tehran or Tabriz for about $60/$50; check travel agencies for that. Otherwise, the only Iran/Armenia land border at Nuduz/Agarak is very badly served by public transport. On the Armenian side, you can get as far as Meghri by one Marschrutka a day from Yerevan. In both directions, marshrutka leaves quite early in the morning. Kapan and Kajaran are more frequently served by marschrutkas, but it is a long and mountainous (and therefore expensive) stretch to the border from there. From Meghri, it is around 8 km to the border and hitching or taking a taxi is the only option. On the Iranian side, the closest public transport can be found around 50 km to the west in Jolfa, so a taxi (around 10-15$) again is the only (commercial) choice. The border is not busy at all, so when hitching, you have to mainly stick with the truck drivers and Russian or Farsi helps a lot here. Consider for yourself whether this is a safe option.
Get around
By day tour
One of the best options for getting to the major tourist sites - some of which have infrequent public transport - are the many day tours advertised throughout Yerevan. Starting at $6, you can choose from a variety of half to full day trips which include a good number of the country's major attractions. Some of the more remote and exotic destinations, such as the Petroglyphs of Ughtasar and many of the caves, for example, require special planning.
By mini-bus or bus
Public transportation is very good and inexpensive in Armenia. It can also be tough to get to more remote sites outside of populated areas. The system could be described as a hub and spoke system, with each city offering local transportation to its surrounding villages and each city offering connections to Yerevan. Most inter-city travel is by 14-seat minibuses or buses. Yerevan has a several bus interchange stations that serve the whole country, so depending on where you want to go, you should find out which bus interchange station services the area of your destination. Note, that unlike many countries in Eastern Europe, Armenian mini-buses do not sell tickets beforehand, and do not issue tickets at all. You simply pay the driver, at any point in the trip (though some will collect at the beginning). Exact change is never required, but a 20,000 note for a 1,000 dram ride might present a problem. Tips are unheard of on public transportation.
By taxi or car
For the average western tourist, you can hire a taxi to go most anywhere in the country on very short notice. If you have decided to travel heavy by bringing big bags, then going by taxi will be the best option. Prices are about 100 drams (33 US cents) per km. Most taxis do not have meters though, so you should negotiate a price before you leave. Anyway, taxi is a good option in longer trips, especially if you don't like waiting a minibus for hours.
You can rent cars, but if you are used to driving in the West and have not driven outside of America, Western or Central Europe, you should hire a driver when you rent your car. Driving in Armenia for the average tourist can be a different undertaking. But if you decide to rent a car, there are a growing number of car rental companies, including SIXT (office at Zvartnots airport), Europacar, Hertz and others throughout the central Yerevan.
Most main roads around Yerevan are in decent to fair shape with some being in unusally good condition. When you travel north (Dilidjan) or south (Jermuk), roads are less maintained and rather bumpy and you can feel it especially when using public transport! (Minibuses are often in bad condition too) Pot holes are very much a part of the experience and can test your driving skills. Be careful and when renting an automobile, consider an all wheeled vehicle or sport utility if available.
By thumb
Not as common as in the days of the post-Soviet collapse, hitching is still perfectly safe and acceptable. Drivers often don't expect anything, but offer anyway, and sometimes they'll take the marshutni fare. Flag cars down by holding your arm in front of you and patting the air. This is how taxis are flagged and buses and marshutnis as well. During your ride, don't be surprise, if you befriend a driver and eventually will end up staying a few days in driver's house with his family.
By bicycle
Due to mountainous location and hills, bicycling is not such a common mode of transport in Armenia, as it is in the rest of Europe. Otherwise, it's a great way to see and experience much of the countryside if you can handle the inclines.
By train
There are trains that move around Armenia, although they are Soviet style trains and a little slow means of transport to move around the country. Trains can be taken up to Gyumri and from there on to Alaverdi and Georgia, or they can be taken up to Lake Sevan, all the way to the far side.
By plane
Domestic flights are not an option as there are only two working airports in the country and there are no internal flights in this small country. Intermittent service to Karabakh has been available in the past and from summer 2012 there are scheduled flights from Yerevan to Stepanakert. Artsakh Air is a new airline scheduled to operate from the newly rebuilt airport in Stepanakert.
By tour operator
Aside from the plentiful day tours, you can take a package tour of Armenia.
Armenian is the only official language in Armenia, which forms its own language group in the Indo-European language family. However, almost all Armenians can speak some Russian because Armenia was part of the Soviet Union. English is becoming more widely spoken, particularly in Yerevan; however, outside the capital, very few people speak any English.
Consider seeing churches and other religious buildings, that are built more than 1700 years ago. Such constructions are almost everywhere. One particularly interesting Church is in Khor Virap, located a short drive from Yerevan. Close to the Armenian-Turkish border, this ancient monastery is a perfect place to observe Mount Ararat in its full beauty.
For a sample tour itinerary of Armenia, see Armenia in 9 Days
Armenian carpets, cognac, fruits, handicrafts and Soviet memorabilia are some of the most popular things people take home from Armenia. Most of these are plentiful at Vernissage, a seemingly never-ending weekend flea market next to Republic Square with the more touristy stuff in the back half, further from Republic Square.
The Armenian currency is known as "dram" and the currency code often used in exchange rate terminology is AMD. The dram is accepted everywhere, and often the dollar will be accepted for larger purchases - though the dram is the only legal currency for commerce. Dollars, Euros and Rubles can be exchanged almost anywhere in the country, with other major currencies also easy to exchange. Exchange booths do not charge a commission and rates are almost always quite competitive.
ATMs (Bankomats) are widely available in larger towns; though outside of Yerevan, you should have a major system such as Visa Electron on your card for it to work.
Credit cards are not widely accepted yet, though they will get you pretty far in Yerevan.
Exchange rates
Exchange rates (approximate, March 2013):
Trading hours
Most shops/restaurants are open every day and offices and schools are open Monday to Saturday. Mornings are usually slow, and places don't tend to open early, or even on time.
Included in prices (except sometimes hotels).
Purchasing customs
Bargaining is uncommon in Armenian stores, though when purchasing expensive items or bulk, they may be amenable to it. In markets, however, bargaining is a must!
Tipping is increasingly common in Armenia, especially at cafes and restaurants. Many Armenians will simply round up their checks, or leave ten percent. Some café staff are only compensated in the tips they earn, though you cannot always tell by the service they provide. Many restaurants have begun to charge a ten percent "service fee" which they usually do not share with the waiters, and it is not clear for what it is used. This fee is often not clearly stated on the menu, so you should ask if you want to know. Tipping is usually not expected in taxis, but again, rounding up is not uncommon.
Vernissage - every Saturday near Republic Square, there is an open market with great shopping for tourists and locals alike. You can buy everything from a 300-year-old carpet to a 1970s Soviet phone to Russian nesting dolls.
The "covered market" on Mashtots Street has fresh fruits and vegetables along with great dried fruits.
For Armenian- and Russian-speaking visitors, a visit to the underground book market can be quite interesting. Located in an underground passageway under Abovyan Street, close to the medical school and the Yeritasardakan Metro Station, vendors sell thousands upon thousands of books. Bargaining is a must!
Khorovats (BBQ) which can be pork, lamb, chicken or beef. Usually, it is flavored with onions and other Armenian spices. Tomatoes, eggplant and bell peppers are also part of the khorovats meal.
Borscht is a vegetable soup. It is traditionally made with beetroot as a main ingredient, which gives it a strong red colour. It is usually served warm with fresh sour cream.
Khash is a traditional dish, originating in the Shirak region. Formerly a nutritious winter food for the rural poor, it is now considered a delicacy, and is enjoyed as a festive winter meal.
Dolma (stuffed grape leaves; a variety with stuffed cabbage leaves, bell peppers and eggplants) also exists.
Armenian fruits and vegetables are special. One should definitely try them and will never forget the taste of Armenian apricot, peach, grapes, pomegranate, etc.
Armenian bread is very tasty as well. There is a wide range of different types of bread, starting from black and white till lavash (a soft, thin flatbread) and matnaqash.
Don't miss trying milk products! Along with ordinary milk products, there are some traditional and really tasty and refreshing ones. Matsun (yogurt) is a traditional Armenian dairy product that has centuries of history. It contains a number of natural microelements, which have high biochemical activity. It's really refreshing, especially when you try it cold during hot summers. Okroshka - cold soup with kefir and cucumber and dill; it is a healthy and refreshing dairy product. Spas is really tasty hot kefir soup with grains in it.
Café culture rules in Armenia, and the best places to have a cup of coffee and people-watch are sidewalk cafés. Any place near the Opera is certain to be jumping late into the summer nights. A popular chain is "Jazzve" (several locations throughout the city, including near the Opera and off Mesrop Mashtots Avenue), which offers many varieties of tea and coffee as well as great desserts.
Alcoholic: Vodka, tutti oghi (mulberry vodka), honi oghi (cornelian cherry vodka), Tsirani oghi (apricot vodka), local beer (Kilikia, Kotayk, Gumri), wine (can also be made of pomegranate), and brandy.
Other: Tan (yogurt combined with water and salt), Jermuk (mineral water), masuri hyut (rose hip juice), chichkhani hyut (sea buckthorne juice), bali hyut (sour cherry juice), Armenian coffee, and herbal teas.
Across Armenia, you can find bed and breakfasts that are pleasant and will give you a true taste of Armenian culture. The language barrier will be significant in the rural areas of Armenia if you do not speak Armenian or Russian, but if you take a phrase dictionary with you, you should have no trouble, as people are patient. If you don't personally know any Armenians, one way to access the true Armenia, away from the Westernized hotels and "Armenian branded" hotels is to find a reliable travel agent based in Armenia.
In Yerevan, there are a couple of hostels. Outside Yerevan, there are a few main recreational areas that offer very reasonable accommodations, but you will be required to live without some conveniences. At the high end are some hotels on Lake Sevan and in Northern Lori Marz (50 km from the Georgian border). Here you will miss nothing, but you will pay Western prices for the accommodations. Around Lake Sevan, there are numerous types of cottages and hotels. Prices are reasonable and start at about US$10 per day for a cottage with electricity and within walking distance from Lake Sevan. The city of Sevan, due to its proximity to Yerevan, is the most popular place on Lake Sevan but the history, culture and non-Western feel of the accommodations change as you go south on Lake Sevan.
Tavush Marz is a wonderful place to summer. Dilijan and Ijevan are wonderful towns in which to be based, with day trips to the many ancient churches that pepper this remote region. Costs are very reasonable and Dilijan is known for its sanatoriums from the Soviet era. Do not expect hot water all hours of the day, but you can have a lovely room that will accommodate a family, including food for about US$20 a day. Take another US$20 to hire a car for the day to visit the surrounding historical sites.
Lori Marz is the second most beautiful region after Vayots Dzor. It has many health resort areas such as Stepanavan, Dendropark (Sojut) next to village Gyulagarak. Lori is considered to be the Armenian Switzerland. It has numerous churches, monasteries, medieval bridges and monuments. The Stepanavan area is great for hiking, tasting fresh diary products, etc. Small hotels and B&Bs are available in the area of Stepanavan, Odzun, Tumanian, etc.
Tzaghkadzor is a well-known winter retreat. It has many lovely hotels and is popular year round. Check with a travel agent to find the best deal depending on what activity you are looking to undertake. Jermuk, made famous by the bottled water of the same name, is a wonderful get away, but will again require you to leave your western expectations behind.
Armenian language [2] and history. Since Armenians are very proud to be the first nation to adopt Christianity as a State religion, nearly everyone is almost an expert of Armenian history, which goes back to 3000 years. Museum of Ancient scripts, "Matenadaran" , which is located in central Yerevan is a place, where one can learn about history and witness an ancient (really ancient) manuscripts.
Career Centre has job listings. For volunteer work see these links: [3], [4], [5].
Stay safe
Overall, Yerevan is not a dangerous city. Theft and pickpocketing are not unheard of, particularly targeting foreigners; utmost care is essential. Use common sense when walking on the street at night, especially after drinking. There are well known scams operating on some ATM machines, particularly those accepting VISA cards, where no money is issued but the cash is nonetheless withdrawn from the account.
Female visitors should be aware that unaccompanied women are an unusual sight after dark. In the outskirts of the city, a single woman walking alone at night may attract attention.
There are also people at the Svartnost airtport who ask you if you need a taxi. They escort you to one of them and claim that they are airport taxis which cost two or three times more than regular taxis. Never trust those people, even if they have already put your luggage in the trunk! You can find a taxi which costs 2,000-3,000 dram instead of the c. 10,000 dram they are asking. That's definitely a scam and many tourists have fallen into that trick.
Stay healthy
As with any travelling experience, eat well, but do not overeat. If you are dining with Armenians, they will feed you until you cannot eat any more. The food is generally safe, even from the roadside khorovats stands. There is little worry about food safety in Armenia.
The tap water is generally safe, as it comes directly from mountains, but you may also purchase bottled water. You can get both mineral water with gas and normal spring water on almost every street corner. This water is available in both the rural areas and the capital.
Smoking is illegal in many public places. But bear that in mind that Armenia has the highest rate of cigarette smoking in Europe. Open air cafes will generally have a smoking area; if you see an ashtray on the table, you can smoke there.
Armenians are much like any other Europeans in their manners and lifestyle.
Avoid discussing Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh, because due to the frozen but still ongoing very bitter conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, it is an extremely sensitive subject.
The issue of the Armenian Genocide, in which the Armenian people and a majority of Western scholars believe up to one and a half million Armenians were killed by the Young Turk government during World War One, is a sensitive one, and respect should be shown when discussing the subject. Although widely taught at school for years, the Soviet Union officially recognized the genocide of the people of one of its republics in 1965.
One can find out more about the Armenian Genocide by visiting the Genocide Memorial 'Tzitzernakabert'. There is also a museum near the memorial.
Having been liberated by the then-Russian Empire in 1916, Armenians are partly Slavophiles; ask as many questions as you like about soccer and Soviet TV programs. Respect is generally shown for Slavs, including Russians. People often have no problem talking about the Soviet Union. Most Armenians do not mind if you speak to them in Russian even if it is their second language.
It is very common to give up your seat for an elderly passenger on the public transport. Usually, men will give up their seat to woman too. It is also considered polite to let women first to the bus or train or to enter a room, and the "ladies first" rule is considered important.
When visiting churches, both men and women are expected to dress modestly (i.e. no shorts, miniskirts, sleeveless shirts/tops etc.). Lighting a candle is always a nice gesture, but it is optional. You should always talk quietly when you are visiting a church.
Yerevan is full of internet cafes and internet phone offices. These are beginning to pop up in a number of towns outside of Yerevan as well. International calling is available through prepaid mobile phone cards. Short-term mobile phone rental is also possible. Regular calls can always be made from the post office, and is cheap within Armenia, but a bit expensive for international calls. Try to find a phone office that uses the internet for much cheaper rates. Local calls can be made from kiosks or the rare payphone.
Mobile phone providers
There are three GSM service providers operating in Armenia. It is strongly advised to acquire a temporary prepaid SIM card as they cheap and convenient, allowing both local and international calls, no charge for incoming calls and no monthly fee. Mobile internet and UTMS are also offered from all companies, as well as the normal full range of wireless services.
VivaCell and Orange have booths offering free SIM-Cards to incoming visitors at the airport. They are also easiest to top-up (at pretty much any store or kiosk in the country) and have better English services, rates and coverage. Majority of foreign visitors find their unlocked mobile phones compatible with Armenian SIM cards (GSM 900/1800). GSM coverage maps of Armenia: [6].
Viva Cell MTS and Beeline claim to cover 90% of the Armenian population with 2G services and up to 60% with their 3G services. Orange currently has the smallest 3G coverage but it is rapidly growing. The 2G coverage of Orange is of around 70% of the population, but the 3G coverage of Orange only covers the capital and the two second biggest cities of Gyumri and Vanadzor. All of these networks are rapidly growing and expanding their coverage of both 2G and 3G services.
Viva Cell MTS switched on their 4G (LTE) network in January 2012, making them the first operator to do so in Armenia.
See also