text:
Items where Year is 2008
Group by: Creators | Type of Work | No Grouping
Number of items: 111.
Adie, James W and Duda, Joan L and Ntoumanis, Nikos (2008) Achievement Goals, Competition Appraisals, and the Psychological and Emotional Welfare of Sport Participants. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30 (3). ISSN 0895-2779
Adie, James W and Duda, Joan L and Ntoumanis, Nikos (2008) Autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the optimal functioning of adult male and female sport participants: A test of basic needs theory. Motivation and Emotion, 32 (3). pp. 189-199. ISSN 0146-7239
Akbarzadeh, Shiva and Wheldon, Lee M and Sweet, Steve M. M and Talma, Sonia and Mardakheh, Faraz Khosravi and Heath, John K (2008) The deleted in brachydactyly B domain of ROR2 is required for receptor activation by recruitment of Src. PLoS ONE, 3 (3). e1873. ISSN 1932-6203
Bujalska, I.J and Gathercole, L.L and Tomlinson, J W and Darimont, C and Ermolieff, J and Fanjul, A.N and Rejto, P.A and Stewart, P M (2008) A novel selective 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor prevents human adipogenesis. Journal of Endocrinology, 197. pp. 297-307. ISSN 0022-0795
Bingle, Lewis E. H. and Rajasekar, Karthik V. and Muntaha, Sidra tul and Nadella, Vinod and Hyde, Eva I. and Thomas, Christopher M. (2008) A single aromatic residue in transcriptional repressor protein KorA is critical for cooperativity with its co-regulator KorB. Molecular Microbiology, 70 (6). pp. 1502-1514. ISSN 1502–1514
Booker, Matthew J and Flint, Julia and Saravana, Shanmugam (2008) Aseptic meningitis in a patient taking etanercept for rheumatoid arthritis: a case report. Cases Journal, 1 (364). ISSN 1757-1626
Boardley, Ian D and Kavussanu, Maria and Ring, Christopher M (2008) Athletes' perceptions of coaching effectiveness and athlete-related outcomes in rugby union: An investigation based on the coaching efficacy model. Sport Psychologist, 22 (3). pp. 269-287. ISSN 0888-4781
Birch, Helen and Alderwick, Luke J. and Bhatt, Apoorva and Rittmann, Doris and Krumbach, Karin and Singh, Albel and Bai, Yu and Lowary, Todd L. and Eggeling, Lothar and Besra, Gurdyal S (2008) Biosynthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan: identification of a novel (13)arabinofuranosyltransferase. Molecular Microbiology. ISSN 0950-382X
Birch, Helen and Alderwick, Luke J. and Bhatt, Apoorva and Rittmann, Doris and Krumbach, Karin and Singh, Albel and Bai, Yu and Lowary, Todd L. and Eggeling, Lothar and Besra, Gurdyal S (2008) Biosynthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan: identification of a novel a(1,3)arabinofuranosyltransferase. Molecular Microbiology, 69 (5). pp. 1191-1206. ISSN 0950-382X
Bhatt, Apoorva and Brown, Alistair K. and Singh, Albel and Minnikin, David E and Besra, Gurdyal S (2008) Deletion of a mycobacterial gene encoding a reductase leads to an altered cell wall containing β-oxo-mycolic acid analogues, and the accumulation of longchain ketones related to mycolic acids. Chemistry and Biology, 15 (9). pp. 930-939. ISSN 1074-5521
Bhatt, Apoorva and Brown, Alistair K. and Singh, Albel and Minnikin, David E. and Besra, Gurdyal S (2008) Loss of a Mycobacterial Gene Encoding a Reductase Leads to an Altered Cell Wall Containing β-oxo- Mycolic Acid Analogs and Accumulation of Ketones. Chemistry and Biology, 15 (30). pp. 930-939. ISSN 1074-5521
Bhowruth, Veemal and Brown, Alistair K. and Besra, Gurdyal S (2008) Synthesis and biological evaluation of NAS-21 and NAS-91 analogues as potential inhibitors of the mycobacterial FAS-II dehydratase enzyme Rv0636. Microbiology, 154 (7). pp. 1866-1875. ISSN 1350-0872
Carroll, Douglas and Phillips, Anna C. and Der, Geoff (2008) Body Mass Index, abdominal adiposity, obesity, and cardiovascular reactions to psychological stress in a large community sample. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70 (6). pp. 653-660. ISSN 0033-3174
Collis, L and Moss, J and Jutley, J and Cornish, K and Oliver , C (2008) Facial expression of affect in children with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. Journal Of Intellectual Disability Research, 52. pp. 207-215.
Cabrera, Luis (2008) Global citizenship as the completion of cosmopolitanism. Journal of International Political Theory, 4 (1). p. 84. ISSN 1755-0882
Croudace, Joanne E. and Curbishley, Stuart M and Mura, Manuela and Willcox, Carrie R and Illarianov, Petr A and Besra, Gurdyal S and Adams, David H and Lammas, David A (2008) Identification of distinct human invariant natural killer T-cell response phenotypes to alpha-galactosylceramide. Bmc Immunology, 9 (71). ISSN 1471-2172
Creese, Andrew J. and Cooper, Helen J. (2008) The Effect of Phosphorylation on the Electron Capture Dissociation of Peptide Ions. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 19 (9). pp. 1263-1274. ISSN 1044-0305
Cabrera, Luis and Anastasi, Jeffery (2008) Transborder service learning: new fronteras in civic engagement. PS: Political Science & Politics, April. pp. 393-399. ISSN 1049-0965
Durnford, AJ and Perkins, TJ and Perry, JM (2008) An evaluation of alcohol attendances to an inner city emergency department before and after the introduction of the UK Licensing Act 2003. BMC Public Health, 8. p. 379. ISSN 1471-2458
Dixon, Louise and Hamilton-Giachritsis, Catherine and Browne, Kevin (2008) Classifying Partner Femicide. In: The first benial International Family Aggression Society conference .
Desjobert, Cecile and Noy, Peter and Swingler, Tracey and Williams, Hannah and Gaston, Kevin and Jayaraman, Padma-Sheela (2008) The PRH/Hex repressor protein causes nuclear retention of Groucho/TLE corepressors. Biochemical Journal. ISSN 0264-6021
Flynn, Terry N and Louviere, Jordan J and Peters, Tim J and Coast, Joanna (2008) Estimating preferences for a dermatology consultation using Best-Worst Scaling: Comparison of various methods of analysis. Bmc Medical Research Methodology, 8. p. 76. ISSN 1471-2288
Farquhar, M J and McKeating, Jane A (2008) Primary hepatocytes as targets for hepatitis C virus replication. Journal of viral hepatitis, 15 (12). pp. 849-54. ISSN 1365-2893
Farquhar, Michelle J and Harris, Helen J and Diskar, Mandy and Jones, Sarah and Mee, Christopher J and Nielsen, Søren U and Brimacombe, Claire L and Molina, Sonia and Toms, Geoffrey L and Maurel, Patrick and Howl, John and Herberg, Friedrich W and van IJzendoorn, Sven C D and Balfe, Peter and McKeating, Jane A (2008) Protein kinase A-dependent step(s) in hepatitis C virus entry and infectivity. Journal of virology, 82 (17). pp. 8797-811. ISSN 1098-5514
Fuller, Danielle (2008) Reading as social practice: the Beyond the Book research project. Popular Narrative Media, 1 (2). pp. 211-217. ISSN 1754-3819
Flynn, Terry N and Louviere, Jordan J and Marley, Anthony AJ and Coast, Joanna and Peters, Tim J (2008) Rescaling quality of life values from discrete choice experiments for use as QALYs: a cautionary tale. Population Health Metrics, 6 (6). ISSN 1478-7954
Gorard, Stephen and Smith, Emma (2008) (Mis)understanding underachievement: a response to Connolly. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 29 (6). pp. 705-714. ISSN 1465-3346
Gaffney, E A and Heath, J K and Kwiatkowska, M Z (2008) A mass action model of a Fibroblast Growth factor signaling pathway and its simplification. Bulletin of mathematical biology, 70 (8). pp. 2229-2263. ISSN 1522-9602
Gorard, Stephen (2008) A re-consideration of rates of 'social mobility' in Britain: or why research impact is not always a good thing. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 29 (3). pp. 317-324. ISSN 0142-5692 (In Press)
Gallagher, Stephen and Phillips, Anna C. and Evans, Phil and Der, Geoff and Hunt, Kate and Carroll, Douglas (2008) Caregiving is associated with low secretion rates of immunoglobulin A in saliva. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 22 (4). pp. 565-572. ISSN 08891591
Gorard, Stephen (2008) Equity - and its relationship to citizenship education. In: Sage Handbook of Education for Citizenship and Democracy. Sage Publications, London, pp. 71-79. ISBN 9781412936200
Grove, Joe and Nielsen, Søren and Zhong, Jin and Bassendine, Margaret F and Drummer, Heidi E and Balfe, Peter and McKeating, Jane A (2008) Identification of a residue in hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein that determines scavenger receptor BI and CD81 receptor dependency and sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies. Journal of virology, 82 (24). pp. 12020-9. ISSN 1098-5514
Gallagher, S and Phillips, Anna C. and Oliver, C and Carroll, D (2008) Predictors of psychological morbidity in parents of children with intellectual disability. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 33. pp. 1129-1136.
Gallagher, Stephen and Phillips, Anna C. and Ferraro, Alastair J. and Drayson, Mark T. and Carroll, Douglas (2008) Psychosocial factors are associated with the antibody response to both thymus-dependent and thymus-independent vaccines. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 22 (4). pp. 456-460. ISSN 08891591
Gorard, Stephen (2008) The impact of school experiences on students' sense of justice: an international study of student voice. Orbis Scholae, 2 (2). pp. 87-104. ISSN 1802-4637
Gorard, Stephen (2008) The value-added of primary schools: what is it really measuring? Educational Review, 60 (2). pp. 179-185. ISSN 0013-1911
Gorard, Stephen (2008) Who is missing from higher education? Cambridge Journal of Education, 38 (3). pp. 421-437. ISSN 0305-764X
Houghton, H.A.G. (2008) A Newly Identified Old Latin Gospel Manuscript: Würzburg Universitätsbibliothek M.p.th.f.67. The Journal of Theological Studies, 60 (1). pp. 1-21. ISSN 1477-4607
Houghton, H.A.G. (2008) Augustine's Adoption of the Vulgate Gospels. New Testament Studies, 54 (3). pp. 450-464.
Harris, Helen J and Farquhar, Michelle J and Mee, Christopher J and Davis, Christopher and Reynolds, Gary M and Jennings, Adam and Hu, Ke and Yuan, Fei and Deng, HongKui and Hubscher, Stefan G and Han, Jang H and Balfe, Peter and McKeating, Jane A (2008) CD81 and claudin 1 coreceptor association: role in hepatitis C virus entry. Journal of virology, 82 (10). pp. 5007-20. ISSN 1098-5514
Hughes, C.E and Auger, Jocelyn M. and McGlade, J and Eble, Johannes A. and Pearce, Andrew C and Watson, Steve P (2008) Differential roles for the adapters Gads and LAT in platelet activation by GPVI and CLEC-2. Journal Of Thrombosis And Haemostasis, 6 (12). pp. 2152-2159. ISSN 1538-7933
Hawes, Nick and Wyatt, Jeremy and Sloman, Aaron (2008) Exploring Design Space For An Integrated Intelligent System. In: Twenty-eighth {SGAI} International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, December 2008, Cambridge, England.
Hall, S and Arron, K and Sloneem, J and Oliver, C (2008) Health and sleep problems in Cornelia de Lange syndrome: a case control study. Journal Of Intellectual Disability Research, 52. pp. 458-468.
Heath, John K (2008) Interleukin 1 Signaling Is Regulated by Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) and Is Aberrant in Lif−/− Mouse Uterus. Biology of reproduction, 79 (1). pp. 142-153. ISSN 0006-3363
Harber, Clive (2008) Perpetrating disaffection: Schooling as an international problem. Educational Studies, 34 (5). pp. 457-467. ISSN 0305-5698
Ince, Kate (2008) François Ozon's cinema of desire. In: Five Directors: Auteurism from Assayas to Ozon. French Film Directors . Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 112-134.
Ince, Kate (2008) From minor to major cinema?: women's and feminist film-making in France in the 2000s. Australian Journal of French Studies, 45 (3). pp. 277-287. ISSN 0004-9468
Iniesta, Jesus and Cooper, Helen J. and Marshall, Alan G. and Heptinstall, John and Walton, David J. and Peterson, Ian R. (2008) Specific electrochemical iodination of horse heart myoglobin at tyrosine 103 as determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 474 (1). pp. 1-7. ISSN 0003-9861
Johnston, Simon A and Bramble, Jonathan P and Yeung, Chun L and Mendes, Paula M and Machesky, Laura M (2008) Arp2/3 complex activity in filopodia of spreading cells. BMC Cell Biology, 9 (1). p. 65. ISSN 1471-2121
Jacobsson, Henrik (2008) Crossmodal content binding in information-processing architectures. In: UNSPECIFIED.
Jung, Achim and Moshier, M.Andrew and Vickers, Steven (2008) Presenting dcpos and dcpo algebras. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 219. pp. 209-229. ISSN 1571-0661
Jackson, Daniel and Aveyard, Paul (2008) Waterpipe smoking in students: Prevalence, risk factors, symptoms of addiction, and smoke intake. Evidence from one British university. BMC Public Health, 8 (174). ISSN 1471-2458
Kavussanu, Maria and Boardley, Ian David and Jutkiewicz, Natalia and Vincent, Samantha and Ring, Christopher (2008) Coaching efficacy and coaching effectiveness: examining their predictors and comparing coaches' and athletes' reports. The Sport Psychologist, 22 (4). pp. 383-404. ISSN 0888-4781
Kaczorowska, Malgorzata A. and Cooper, Helen J. (2008) Electron Detachment Dissociation,and Collision-Induced Dissociation of Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) Dendrimer Ions with Amino, Amidoethanol, and Sodium Carboxylate Surface Groups. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 19 (9). pp. 1312-1319.
Law, Mansun and Maruyama, Toshiaki and Lewis, Jamie and Giang, Erick and Tarr, Alexander W and Stamataki, Zania and Gastaminza, Pablo and Chisari, Francis V and Jones, Ian M and Fox, Robert I and Ball, Jonathan K and McKeating, Jane A and Kneteman, Norman M and Burton, Dennis R (2008) Broadly neutralizing antibodies protect against hepatitis C virus quasispecies challenge. Nature medicine, 14 (1). pp. 25-7. ISSN 1546-170X
Lewis, P R and Marrow, P and Yao, X (2008) Evolutionary market agents for resource allocation in decentralised systems. In: Parallel Problem Solving From Nature - PPSN X, 13-17 September, 2008, Dortmund, Germany.
Lugg, H and Sammons, RL and Marquis, PM and Hewitt, CJ and Yong, P and Paterson-Beedle, M and Redwood, MD and Stamboulis, A and Kashani, M and Jenkins, M and Macaskie, LE (2008) Polyhydroxybutyrate accumulation by a Serratia sp. Biotechnology Letters, 30 (3). pp. 481-491.
Lee, Martin J. and Whitehead, Jean and Ntoumanis, Nikos and Hatzigeorgiadis, Antonis (2008) Relationships Among Values, Achievement Orientations, and Attitudes in Youth Sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30 (5). pp. 588-610. ISSN 0895-2779
Lemay-Hebert, Nicolas (2008) The "frozen conflict" that turned hot: conflicting state building attempts in South Ossetia. Central Asia and the Caucasus, 5 (53). pp. 150-159. ISSN 1404-6091
Mikhailov, Victor A. and Parkes, M. A. and Tuckett, R. P. and Mayhew, C. A. and Simpson, M. J. (2008) A selected ion flow tube study of the ion-molecule reactions of monochloroethene, trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 112. pp. 9012-9022. ISSN 1089-5639
Mikhailov, Victor A. and Cooper, Helen J. (2008) Activated Ion Electron Capture Dissociation (AI ECD) of proteins: synchronization of infrared and electron irradiation with ion magnetron motion. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 20 (5). pp. 763-771. ISSN 1044-0305
Mussell, James (2008) Digital culture, materiality and Nineteenth-Century studies. 19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 6. pp. 1-9. ISSN 1755-1560
McGettrick, Helen M. and Hunter, Kirsty and Moss, Paul A. and Buckley, Christopher D. and Rainger, G. Ed and Nash, Gerard B. (2008) Direct observations of the kinetics of migrating T-cells suggest active retention by endothelial cells with continual bidirectional migration. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. ISSN 0741-5400 (Submitted)
Mee, Christopher J and Grove, Joe and Harris, Helen J and Hu, Ke and Balfe, Peter and McKeating, Jane A (2008) Effect of cell polarization on hepatitis C virus entry. Journal of virology, 82 (1). pp. 461-70. ISSN 1098-5514
Miconi, Thomas (2008) Evolution and complexity: the double-edged sword. Artificial Life, 14 (3). pp. 325-344.
Miall, R. Chris (2008) Eye position representation in human anterior parietal cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28 (36). pp. 8968-8972.
Mori, Jun and Pearce, Andrew C and Spalton, Jennifer C. and Grygielska, Beata and Eble, Johannes A. and Tomlinson, Michael G. and Senis, Yotis A. and Watson, Steve P (2008) G6b-B Inhibits Constitutive and Agonist-induced Signaling by Glycoprotein VI and CLEC-2. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283 (51). pp. 35419-35427. ISSN 0021-9258
Mori, Jun and Pearce, Andrew C and Spalton, Jennifer C. and Grygielska, Beata and Eble, Johannes A. and Tomlinson, Michael G. and Senis, Yotis A. and Watson, Steve P (2008) G6b-B Inhibits Constitutive and Agonist-induced Signaling by Glycoprotein VI and CLEC-2. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283 (51). pp. 35419-35427. ISSN 0021-9258
Mizukoshi, Eishiro and Eisenbach, Christoph and Edlin, Brian R and Newton, Kimberly P and Raghuraman, Sukanya and Weiler-Normann, Christina and Tobler, Leslie H and Busch, Michael P and Carrington, Mary and McKeating, Jane A and O'Brien, Thomas R and Rehermann, Barbara (2008) Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific immune responses of long-term injection drug users frequently exposed to HCV. The Journal of infectious diseases, 198 (2). pp. 203-12. ISSN 0022-1899
Melhuish, Jonathan and Beale, Russell (2008) News not noise: socially aware information filtering. In: BCS HCI2008, Liverpool.
Mussell, James (2008) Ownership, institutions, and methodology. Journal of Victorian Culture, 13 (1). pp. 94-100. ISSN 1355-5502
Moss, J and Oliver, C and Berg, K and G, Kaur and Jephcott, L and Cornish, K (2008) Prevalence of Autism spectrum phenomenology in Cornelia de Lange and Cri du Chat syndromes. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 113. pp. 278-291.
Miall, R. Chris and King, Dominic (2008) State Estimation in the Cerebellum. The Cerebellum. ISSN 1473-4222
McDonnell, A and Sturmey, P and Oliver, C and Cunningham, S and Hayes, S and Galvin, M and Walshe, C and Cunningham, C (2008) The effects of staff training on staff confidence and challenging behaviour in services in people with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
MacLennan, Calman A. and Gondwe, Esther N. and Msefula, Chisomo L. and Kingsley, Robert A. and Thomson, Nicholas R. and White, Sarah A. and Goodall, Margaret and Pickard, Derek J. and Graham, Stephen M. and Dougan, Gordon and Hart, C. Anthony and Molyneux, Malcolm E. and Drayson, Mark T. (2008) The neglected role of antibody in protection against bacteremia caused by nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella in African children. Journal of Clinical Infection, 118 (4). pp. 1553-1562. ISSN 0021-9738
Oliver, C and Arron, K and Hall, S and Sloneem, J (2008) Behavioural phenotype of Cornelia de Lange syndrome: Case control study. The British Journal of Psychiatry. ISSN 0007-1250
Phillips, Anna C. and Carroll, Douglas and Khan, Naeem and Moss, Paul (2008) Cytomegalovirus is associated with depression and anxiety in older adults. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 22 (1). pp. 52-55. ISSN 08891591
Pavlopoulos, D and Khatiab, Shadi Al and Button, T W and Abell, J S (2008) Effort to produce textured CeO2 and MgO films by the spray pyrolysis technique as buffer layers for coated conductors. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 97. ISSN 1742-6588
Protty, Majd B. and Watkins, Nicholas A and Colombo, Dario and Thomas, Steven G and Heath, Victoria L and Herbert, John and Bicknell, Roy and Senis, Yotis A. and Ashman, Leonie K and Berditchevski, Fedor and Ouwehand, Willem H and Watson, Steve P and Tomlinson, Michael G. (2008) Identification of Tspan9 as a novel platelet tetraspanin and the collagen receptor GPVI as a component of tetraspanin microdomains. Biochemical Journal, 417. pp. 391-400. ISSN 0264-6021
Poulter, N. S. and Vatovec, S. and Franklin-Tong, V. E. (2008) Microtubules Are a Target for Self-Incompatibility Signaling in Papaver Pollen. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 146 (3). pp. 1358-1367. ISSN 0032-0889
Phillips, Anna C. and Gallagher, Stephen and Carroll, Douglas and Drayson, Mark (2008) Preliminary evidence that morning vaccination is associated with an enhanced antibody response in men. Psychophysiology, 45 (4). pp. 663-666. ISSN 0048-5772
Phillips, Anna C. and Gallagher, Stephen and Carroll, Douglas and Drayson, Mark (2008) Social support is positively associated with the immunoglobulin M response to vaccination with pneumococcal polysaccharides. Biological Psychology, 78 (2). pp. 211-215. ISSN 0301-0511
Parkes, M. A. and Ali, S. and Simpson, M. J. and Tuckett, R. P. and Malins, A. E. R. (2008) Threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy of trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene. Molecular Physics, 106 (14). pp. 1739-1749. ISSN 0026-8976
Redwood, MD and Deplanche, K and Baxter-Plant, VS and Macaskie, LE (2008) Biomass-supported catalysts on Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 99 (5). pp. 1045-1054. ISSN 0006-3592
Redwood, MD and Mikheenko, IP and Sargent, F and Macaskie, LE (2008) Dissecting the roles of Escherichia coli hydrogenases in biohydrogen production. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 278. pp. 48-55.
Reynolds, Gary M and Harris, Helen J and Jennings, Adam and Hu, Ke and Grove, Joe and Lalor, Patricia F and Adams, David H and Balfe, Peter and Hübscher, Stefan G and McKeating, Jane A (2008) Hepatitis C virus receptor expression in normal and diseased liver tissue. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 47 (2). pp. 418-27. ISSN 1527-3350
Samarasinghe, Shivanthi and El-Robh, Mohamed Samir and Grainger, David C. and Zhang, Wenke and Soultanas, Panos and Busby, Stephen J. W. (2008) Autoregulation of the Escherichia coli melR promoter: repression involves four molecules of MelR. Nucleic Acids Research, 36 (8). pp. 2667-2696. ISSN 0305-1048
Skelcher, Chris and De rynck, Filip and Klijn, Erik-Hans and Voets, Joris (2008) Designing democratic institutions for collaborative economic development: a European perspective. In: The Theory and Practice of Local Governance and Economic Development. palgrave, basingstoke, pp. 215-232. ISBN 0230500609
Skelcher, Chris (2008) Does governance perform? Concepts, evidence, causalities, and research strategies. In: Managing to Improve Public Services. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 3-23. ISBN 978-0-521-70827-2
Stamataki, Zania and Grove, Joe and Balfe, Peter and McKeating, Jane A (2008) Hepatitis C virus entry and neutralization. Clinics in liver disease, 12 (3). 693-712, x. ISSN 1089-3261
Soufi, Abdenour and Jayaraman, Padma-Sheela (2008) PRH/Hex: an oligomeric transcription factor and ,ultifunctional regulator of cell fate. Biochemical Journal, 412 (3). pp. 399-413. ISSN 0264-6021
Stekel, Dov J. and Jenkins, Dafyd J. (2008) Strong negative self regulation of Prokaryotic transcription factors increases the intrinsic noise of protein expression. BMC Systems Biology, 2 (6).
Sweet, Steve M. M and Mardakheh, Faraz Khosravi and Ryan, Kevin J. P and Langton, Amy J and Heath, John K and Cooper, Helen J. (2008) Targeted online liquid chromatography electron capture dissociation mass spectrometry for the localization of sites of in vivo phosphorylation in human Sprouty2. Analytical Chemistry, 80 (17). pp. 6650-6657. ISSN 0003-2700
Shimada, Tomohiro and Ishihama, Akira and Busby, Stephen J. W. and Grainger, David C. (2008) The Escherichia coli RutR transcription factor binds at targets within genes as well as intergenic regions. Nucleic Acids Research, 36 (12). pp. 3950-3955. ISSN 0305-1048
Simpson, M. J. and Tuckett, R. P. and Dunn, K. and Hunniford, A. and Latimer, C. J. and Scully, S. W. J. (2008) Vacuum-UV negative photoion spectroscopy of SF5CF3. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 128 (12). pp. 124315-1. ISSN 0021-9606
Taylor, Ian M. and Ntoumanis, Nikos and Standage, Martyn (2008) A Self-Determination Theory Approach to Understanding the Antecedents of Teachers' Motivational Strategies in Physical Education. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30 (1). pp. 75-94. ISSN 0895-2779
Tuckett, R. P. (2008) CF3SF5 : a 'super' greenhouse gas. Education in Chemistry, 45. pp. 17-21. ISSN 0013-1350
Timpe, Jennifer M and Stamataki, Zania and Jennings, Adam and Hu, Ke and Farquhar, Michelle J and Harris, Helen J and Schwarz, Anne and Desombere, Isabelle and Roels, Geert Leroux and Balfe, Peter and McKeating, Jane A (2008) Hepatitis C virus cell-cell transmission in hepatoma cells in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 47 (1). pp. 17-24. ISSN 1527-3350
Tarrant, N.J (2008) Oscillations in β Ursae Minoris. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 483 (3). L43-L46. ISSN 0004-6361
Tarrant, N.J and Chaplin, W.J and Elsworth, Y. P and Spreckley, S.A and Stevens, I.R (2008) SMEI observations of previously unseen pulsation frequencies in γ Doradus. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 492 (1). pp. 167-169. ISSN 0004-6361
Thangaratinam, Shakila and Coomarasamy, Arri and Sharp, Steve and O'Mahony, Fidelma and O'Brien, Shaughn and Ismail, Khaled MK and Khan, Khalid S (2008) Tests for predicting complications of pre-eclampsia: A protocol for systematic reviews. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 8 (1). p. 38. ISSN 1471-2393
Taylor, Ian M. and Ntoumanis, Nikos (2008) The Social Context as a Determinant of Teacher Motivational Strategies in Physical Education. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10. pp. 235-243. ISSN 1469-0292
Taylor, L and Oliver, C (2008) The behavioural phenotype of Smith-Magenis syndrome: evidence for a gene-environment interaction. Journal Of Intellectual Disability Research.
Tessier, Damien and Ntoumanis, Nikos (2008) The effects of an experimental programme to support students' autonomy on the overt behaviours of physical education teachers. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 23 (3). pp. 239-253. ISSN 0256-2928
Thøgersen-Ntoumani, Cecilie and Ntoumanis, Nikos and Nikitaras, Nikitas (2008) Typologies of Greek inactive older adults based on reasons for abstaining from exercise and conditions for change. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26 (12). pp. 1341-1350. ISSN 0264-0414
Vickers, Steven (2008) A localic theory of lower and upper integrals. Mathematical Logic Quarterly, 54 (4). pp. 109-123. ISSN 0942-5616
Vallerand, Robert J. and Ntoumanis, Nikos and Philippe, Frederick L and Lavigne, Genevieve L and Carbonneau, Noemie and Bonneville, Arielle and Lagac-Labont, Camille and Maliha, Gabrielle (2008) On Passion and Sports Fans:A Look at Football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26 (12). pp. 1279-1293. ISSN 0264-0414
Waltz, Mitzi (2008) Autism = Death: The social and medical impact of a catastrophic medical model of autistic spectrum disorders. Popular Narrative Media, 1 (1). pp. 13-24. ISSN 1754-3819
Wassmer, Samuel C and Taylor, Terrie and MacLennan, Calman A. and Kanjala, Maxwell and Mukaka, Mavuto and Molyneux, Malcolm E. and Grau, Georges Emile (2008) Platelet-Induced Clumping of Plasmodium falciparum–Infected Erythrocytes from Malawian Patients with Cerebral Malaria—Possible Modulation In Vivo by Thrombocytopenia. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 197. pp. 72-78. ISSN 0022-1899
Wilson, Scott (2008) SPATIAL SWARM GRANULATION. In: Proceedings of 2008 International Computer Music Conference. SARC, ICMA, Belfast. ISBN 0-9713192-6-X
Zhu, Bangfu and Pennack, Jenny A. and McQuilton, Peter and Forero, Manuel G. and Mizuguch, Kenji and Sutcliffe, Ben and Gu, Chun-Jing and Fenton, Janine C. and Hidalgo, Alicia (2008) Drosophila Neurotrophins Reveal a Common Mechanism for Nervous System Formation. PLoS Biology, 6 (11). ISSN 1544-9173


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Item Type
Megillot & Cases
Megillat Esther, or Book of Esther, tells the story of the Jews in Persia during Achashverosh's kingship. At the center is Queen Esther and Mordechai, who thwarted evil Haman's plan of killing every living Jew. According to Halacha, Jewish law, the Megilla must be read both at night as well as on the morning of Purim.
Megillah, in Hebrew, means "scroll." While it is not mandatory to read the book of Esther from an actual scroll parchment, many choose to procure an actual scroll and a matching case. While, again, this is by no means obligatory, it shows eagerness to keep this important commandment. You can choose a Megillah in different sizes and materials. More importantly, if the type of script is important to you, you can choose from a megillah in k'tav Arizal, Beit Yosef or Eidot Hamizrach.
The different styles of k'tav, or script, generally follow the geographical dispersion of the Diaspora over the centuries. Ashkenazis form Germany, England, Russia and Lithuania generally use the Beis Yosef script, while Polish, Romanians and Hungarians, among others, use the Ari Zal version, which is Hassidic. Sephardi Jews from Iraq, Iran, Syria, Morocco and North Africa generally use the Vellish script. For many, it is of utmost importance to use the style that was customary in the country or area from which their family originates. As always, in case of a doubt, a Rabbi may and should be consulted.
The Megillah-case plays a double role: it keeps the Megillah intact throughout the year, and it serves an aesthetic purpose. During the year, many like to use the cased magillah as a showpiece or home accessory. This is due to the fact that many cases are beautiful and very striking. There are different cases that vary in size, material and, of course, price. If every piece of Judaica you own is made of Sterling Silver and you refuse to even conceive of the possibility of owning a non-silver Judaica, like many silver-fanatics, you can find a sterling silver Megilla case.
If you want to go really extravagant, you can opt for a hexagonal, sterling silver and gold Megillah case with a Hebrew inscription and an image of Jerusalem's walls in gold. But if your budget will not allow you to purchase something like that, you can go for a cheaper option, like silver-plated, or certain types of wood. There are gorgeous wooden Megillah cases that combine silver, if you insist on the latter. If you like wood, a recent trend is Megillah case embellished with inlaid wooden mosaics on six sides. If placed on a mantelpiece, this amazing Megillah-case is likely to be mistaken for a work of art.
Megillot & Cases Guide
The Story of Queen Esther is one of the most dramatic in the Bible. Listening to the story, which is read in synagogue on Purim, is one of the Mitzvoth, or commandment that Jews that Jews perform during the Purim holiday. Many Jews prefer to own their own scroll and usually these scroll are stores in ornate, yet sturdy cases.
Queen Esther has also inspired Israeli jewelry artists, discover the symbolism between Esther and Star of David necklace in our Jewish blog.
What is a Megillah?
The term Megillah actually means a scroll, but it is usually interpreted to mean the story of Esther. The case is the storage receptacle for the Megillah scroll when it is not being used.
The scroll is made from parchment and is written on in black ink. The case may be made of several different materials, the most common of which are wood, sterling silver, leather and velvet.
The actual Megillah scroll, like the Torah, Tefillin and Mezuzahs are governed by specific rules in Jewish law and therefore the only variations possible regarding the actual Hebrew text is slight variations on script used. The case, however, can be decorated with almost anything imaginable.
Megillah cases are usually decorated with designs relating to Purim, such as masks and crowns. They have the Hebrew words "Megillat Esther" or "Scroll of Esther" on the front and can be in any font.
Wood and Leather cases, the most affordable cases after velvet cases, are usually embossed with the text of the Megillah. Solid wood cases are made from hardwoods such as oak, spruce and mahogany, although they also are made of bamboo. These cases are very often overlaid with silver panels that are decorated with engraved designs. There are also wood cases that are painted with depictions of Jerusalem, a Persian skyline and objects used on Purim.
Cloth Megillah cases are the simplest and most affordable case and have the words "Megillat Esther" embroidered in them together with a simple floral pattern and crown. It should be noted that these cases can be any color, although they are typically black or navy blue.
Sterling silver Megillah cases are the most expensive but also the most elaborately decorated cases. In addition to having the words "Megillat Esther" engraved into them, they also are engraved with floral patterns and geometric patterns such as diamonds and other shapes.
Like most Judaica objects, Megillah cases can be personalized with engravings of names if from silver. If made from wood, they may be painted with depictions of Judaica or with names.
For More Information
For more information about Megillot & Megillah Cases or other Judaica items, feel free to contact our Judaica experts with any questions or concerns.

subset: commoncrawl


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Difference between revisions of "Adding a nadir cap (mirror ball)"
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Here's an example of a mirror ball created in this way:

Here's an example of a mirror ball created in this way:

[[File:MirrorBal_ImageMagick.jpg]]

[[File:MirrorBal_ImageMagick.jpg]]

Bert Knops
Bert Knops
[[Category:Tutorial:Nice to know]]
[[Category:Tutorial:Nice to know]]
Revision as of 22:03, 4 June 2010
I wrote a Photoshop action that produces these mirror spheres below out from
an equirectangular panorama.
As you can see are three sizes available.
Small covers 5% ,Big 8% and XXL 12% of panorama height (equirectangular projection)
Below you can see the region that will be covered with the mirrorball.
Here the action set in Photoshop:
Download the Photoshop action here:
A similar action with text:
For a flexible nadir cap which can be streched to your needs:
Don't know how to install a Photoshop action?
Take a look at How to install actions in Photoshop
1.) Open equirectangular / psphere image in Photoshop
2.) Run desired action (small / big / xxl))
3.) Save as....
4.) Finished
Peter Nyfeler (Pitdavos)
I wrote an ImageMagick Windows batch-file to add a mirror sphere to an equirectangular panorama:
set im_convert="C:\Program Files\ImageMagick-6.5.8-Q16\convert.exe" set input_image=post_processed.tif set output_image=nadir_balled.tif rem Make the mirror ball. rem -crop takes the part of the image without the nadir rem -resize resizes the image to height of the nadir rem -flip flips the image vertically rem -level darkens the image, because reflection is never 100 percent %im_convert% %input_image% -crop 12780x6130+0+0 -resize 12780x260! -flip -level 0,130%% temp_nadir_ball.tif rem Make a gradient image from black to transparent. This is the ambient shadow that is casted by the mirror ball. %im_convert% -size 12780x130 gradient:none-black temp_gradient.png rem Place the shadow and the mirror ball on the image %im_convert% post_processed.tif -page +0+6070 temp_gradient.png -flatten -page +0+6130 temp_nadir_ball.tif -flatten %output_image% del temp_nadir_ball.tif del temp_gradient.png pause
Before using it, please adapt the following in the batch-file to your situation:
- the location of ImageMagick's convert.exe
- the input panorama image name
- the output panorama image name
- the size of the panorama without the nadir cap (12780x6130)
- the size of the nadir cap (12780x260)
- the size of the ambient shadow (12780x130)
- the position of the ambient shadow on the output panorama image (+0+6070)
- the position of the nadir cap on the output panorama image (+0+6130)
Here's an example of a mirror ball created in this way:
Bert Knops


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by DacoTaco
Ctr-Gcs : DacoTaco Edition is a tool built to create or restore full, raw memory card backups and GCI save files just like the GC application Ctr-gcs did. These dumps can be saved to restore later or be used in emulators like Dolphin-emu. Unlike ctr-gcs however, this utility can read or write to unofficial memory cards; no matter what its size is.
The program will read & write the dump to the SD card (in the ctr-gcs folder) as MemoryCardA.raw or MemoryCardB.raw
Also please note that if you restore a corrupt dump to a memory card, or if the program shows an error while creating or restoring a dump, you may end up with a corrupted memory card.
0.2b (match 25th 2012)
- fixed a few looping errors
- fixed DSI crash before restoring a raw image
- made program loop instead of 1 operation per time
- fixed minor bugs
- renamed raw dump file. its changed to MemoryCardA.raw or MemoryCardB.raw
- made the save file (on memcard and CGI list) scrollable incase you have more then 29 entries
News Source (1)


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HUDSON — Lenore E. Merillat, 89, of Hudson, Mich., passed away, Sunday, Oct. 7, 2012 at ProMedica Bixby Hospital in Adrian, Mich.
She was born on May 17, 1923, in Defiance, Ohio. the daughter of Louis and Fairie (Painter) Grant. She married Marion Merillat on Dec. 2, 1939, in Angola, Ind., and he preceded her in death on May 8, 2005.
Lenore attended Morenci Area Schools and retired from Peter Stamping in Fayette, Ohio, in 1988, with more than 20 years of service. She was a member of Hudson First Baptist Church and enjoyed crocheting, quilting, painting and gardening.
Surviving Lenore are two daughters, Janet Cromer of Ypsilanti, Mich., and Joan Cromer of Milan, Mich.; two sons, Steve Merillat of Osseo, Mich., and Mark (Rebecca) Merillat of Hudson; one sister, Evelyn Wheeler of Bryan, Ohio; one daughter-in-law, Margaret Moran of Wyoming, Mich.; 17 grandchildren, 30 great-grandchildren and five great-great-grandchildren. She was preceded in death by her parents, husband, one daughter, June Merillat-Goble; two sons, Tim Merillat and Samuel Merillat in infancy; one great-grandson, Clifford Adair III; and 21 brothers and sisters.
Funeral services for Lenore will take place at 11 a.m. Friday, Oct. 12, 2012, at Eagle Funeral Home in Hudson, with Pastor John Rath officiating. Interment will follow in Lime Creek Cemetery in Hudson, Mich. Visitation will be from 5 until 8 p.m. Thursday.
Those planning an expression of sympathy may make memorial contributions to Hudson First Baptist Church. Family and friends may view this obituary and send condolences at eaglefuneralhomes.com.
Lenore E. Merillat
HUDSON — Lenore E. Merillat, 89, of Hudson, Mich., passed away, Sunday, Oct. 7, 2012 at ProMedica Bixby Hospital in Adrian, Mich.


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Travel Guide of St. Martin/St. Maarten for: Royal Palm Beach ResortSimpson Bay, St. Martin/St. Maarten
St. Martin/St. Maarten Summary
- Pristine, beautiful beaches with crystal clear waters -- on all sides of the island
- More than 300 restaurants throughout the island
- Choice between the more isolated St. Martin and the Dutch's more developed Sint Maarten
- Many duty-free shops, especially in the Dutch Philipsburg
- Diverse nightlife options, from beachside rum huts, to flashy casinos, to steamy salsa clubs
- Almost 40 different choices in beaches
- Adventure sports: parasailing; windsurfing; jet skiing
- Plenty of quality lodging options, including charming and isolated cottages as well as all-inclusive, popular resorts
- Easy to get around; taxis travel between the Dutch and French sides without any issues; no immigration or customs.
- Some of the best snorkeling in the world, and numerous good snorkeling spots
- Family fun, such as the Butterfly Farm in Quartier D'Orleans and Pinel Island, accessible by ferry from the French side
- Fairly expensive hotel options
- Petty crime in Sint Maarten (but safe otherwise)
- Regular construction in Sint Maarten
St. Martin/St. Maarten was severely affected by Hurricane Irma in September 2017. Many businesses, including hotels and resorts, are currently closed and will soon begin the process of recovery and rebuilding. We will update our travel guide as soon as we have more information, and in the meantime, please make travel plans accordingly.
What It's Like
Split between the French and the Dutch, but with no real boundary marks, St. Martin and Sint Maarten each have different governments, languages, cuisine, currencies, and attitudes in general. Although there isn't a strict border, once you've crossed over into the other country's land, you'll soon know it.
The Dutch Sint Maarten offers high-rise condos and timeshares that are popular with Americans. Dutch is the official language, but English is widely spoken. High-end shops such as Tommy Hilfiger line the cobblestone streets in Philipsburg, while nightclubs pulse long into the night. Saint Maarten is a busy cruise port, and has long been a lively trade and tourism hub.
St. Martin, the French side, takes up the northern two-thirds of the island. The native language is French, and the island is subject to French law. Less developed than the Dutch side, St. Martin offers plenty of natural attractions, including the beautiful (and clothing-optional) Orient Beach, and Loterie Farm's tree-to-tree zip-line.
Both sides of the island offer excellent beaches, from small, tranquil stretches of sand (such as Happy Bay) to family-friendly beaches such as Baie de l'Embouchure/Galion Beach (where the water is protected by a reef).
Where to Stay
The French St. Martin offers more secluded, intimate accommodations. On the Dutch side, visitors will be able to find large, all-inclusive resorts with lots of entertainment options. Shoppers might want to check out the Dutch capital of Phillipsburg, where great duty-free shops abound. Those looking to be close to major restaurants and bars should look for accommodations around Simpson Bay. Maho, on the Dutch side, is the heart of the island's party scene, and offers plenty of nightclubs, casinos, and bars. Visitors seeking a more relaxed pace might want to check out Marigot, the French capital, which offers a European feel and a very laid-back vibe.


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Difference between revisions of "Pittsburgh/Oakland"
Revision as of 05:11, 24 June 2008
Oakland [1] is a neighborhood in Pittsburgh's East End. Once the edge of the city, Andrew Carnegie set it up to be a cultural center with the founding of the Carnegie museums and libraries. The neighborhood continued to grow as Pittsburgh's cultural center with the growth of universities in the area, most notably the University of Pittsburgh and some parts of Carnegie Mellon. Today, the area is full of ethnic diversity, students, and others seeking out culture.
Get in
By Car
Oakland is directly accessible via the Parkway East (I-376). From downtown, important routes are to take the Boulevard of the Allies, Forbes Avenue, or Bigelow Boulevard.
By Bus
Several buses heading east from downtown pass through Oakland. Of note is the EBO, which takes the East Busway directly to Oakland and back, as well as the Airport Flyer 28X. For full travel information, visit Port Authority's website [2].
Get Around
Oakland is heavily congested, especially during school hours, as many are traveling here to either attend class or work at one of the many universities in the area. This is only complicated by the number of one-way streets. 5th Avenue is a westbound only street through most of Oakland, whereas Forbes only allows eastbound traffic.
Parking can also be fairly difficult to find, unless you're willing to park in a garage. Most of the attractions and restaurants in the area are within walking distance of each other, so this is certainly the easiest way to get around.
The Carnegie
Although Oakland is essentially a location for schools and hospitals, there are many things to see and do there. Perhaps the most interesting for visitors is The Carnegie Library and Museums. There are three major sections in a single large building along Forbes Avenue:
The Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. This is the major Carnegie library in Pittsburgh. Andrew Carnegie funded 2,507 libraries all over the world between 1881 and 1917. Most (1,681) are in the United States, but there are Carnegie libraries from Fiji to United Kingdom. This library is very large with an entire floor for fiction, another for non-fiction and a third devoted to works on technology. http://www.clpgh.org/
The Carnegie Museum of Natural History. This museum has a number of interesting collections from ancient armor, to gems and minerals, furniture and, especially dinosaurs which through funding by Carnegie were removed from tarpits in the western United States. http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmnh/
The Carnegie Museum of Art. A world-class exhibit space with a permanent collection of paintings that include Rembrandts, Van Goghs, Cezannes, Picassos and many more. In addition it hosts temporary exhibits from other museums all over the world and funds the Carnegie International, a biennial staging of "the most important and prestigious international survey of contemporary art in North America." http://www.cmoa.org/
Pitt Campus
The Cathedral of Learning. A 42 story building of the University of Pittsburgh. It is gothic in style and the anchor of the university's campus. Construction was begun in 1926 and took ten years to complete. It is the tallest school building in the western hemisphere and is visible almost anywhere in Pittsburgh. Surrounding its immense commons room are the unique nationality rooms [3] designed by 17 different architects and constructed and decorated in the characteristic style of the 17 different nations which at the time made up the diverse population of Pittsburgh. Above this level are classrooms accessed, of course, by elevators.
Forbes Field, though it no longer stands you can visit what remains of the former home of the Pittsburgh Pirates. Inside Pitt's Posvar Hall on the ground floor you can see the old home plate in a glass case on the ground. Outside, south of the building, you can see what remains of the left field wall, including where Bill Mazeroski hit the 1960 World Series winning home run against the Yankees. Every year in October, Pirates faithful will come out to the wall to listen to a recording of the game.
Heinz Memorial Chapel [4] located opposite the Cathedral of Learning, was built with funds left to the school by H.J. Heinz (of ketchup fame). The small Gothic chapel features amazing stained-glass windows, free tours to sample the acoustics, and concerts and recitals, typically on Sundays. See the website for calender.
Other Museums
Soldiers and Sailors Military Museum [5] is located across the street from Pitt campus, on 5th Ave.
Oakland once was home to many of Pittsburgh's sports teams. Most of their stadia have been demolished, but one can still cheer on the University of Pittsburgh Panther's Basketball team at the Peterson Events Center.
There is a concentration of different colleges and universities in Oakland that is perhaps only rivaled in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The two largest and best known are the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University (called CMU for short).
Smaller schools of higher education include Carlow University and Chatham University.
Used Books Oakland is a book lover's dream. Sample any of the many used book stores to see what treasure you can find.
Pitt Paraphernalia as with any college or university, check out the school book center for t-shirts, hoodies, magnets, and other souvenirs.
Put some twenty thousand college students in a small urban area and you can be sure you won't go hungry. Or thirsty. If you've outgrown college food and college bars there are also a number of very good restaurants in the area.
There is always The O. The place for some of the best fries in Pittsburgh. All along Craig St. and Forbes are restaurants ranging from Chinese and middle eastern to Subway. Here is a small sample of what's there.
Essie's Original Hot Dog Shop 3901 Forbes Ave (412) 621-7388 Better known as "the O" or "the Dirty O". Originally opened across the street from Forbes Field. Cheap food. Extremely greasy. You can get giant piles of greasy french fries for cheap. It is a good place to go after drinking. Late hours. The place is filthy. You don't want to use the bathroom. It has a reputation for being dangerous, but there is always at least one cop there at all times. Most people go for the hot dogs, french fries, or pizza. If you are in Oakland, you should at least try the fries to say you have been there.
There is also a Five Guys Burgers and Primanti Brothers near campus, and of course larger chains like McDonald's, Wendys, and Panera Bread.
Bars and Pubs
Hemingway's 3911 Forbes Ave (412) 621-4100 Excellent food. $1 Beers, and food is half off from 9pm to 1 a.m. A good variety of items. Around $10 for a meal. The crowd is mostly frat boys.
Taiwan Cafe on Forbes has excellent, cheap Chinese food and there always seems to be a group of Chinese students inside enjoying a meal. They also have a huge selection of beer.
India Garden [6] on Atwood is often considered one of the best Indian restaurants in the city. Good atmosphere and food. They feature a lunch buffet and half off meals from 4-5pm and 10pm to midnight.
Star of India on Craig St., near the Carnegie Museums. It is across the street from an Indian grocery store.
Tamarind located at 257 N Craig St, further away from the campuses in an old Victorian house.
Mad Mex - Atwood Street = Great food. Food is half off from 11pm-1am. Mexican food. www.madmex.com The employees are mostly punk types while the crowd is usually yuppie.
Veracruz on Forbes is frequented by students for its inexpensive Mexican food, with a focus on beans.
The chains Chipotle and Q'Doba also have locations on Forbes.
Fuel & Fuddle Oakland Avenue = [[7]] Good food. Vegetarian friendly. It has a hipster crowd. The prices are about $10 for a meal.
Hemingways - Forbes Avenue = $1 Miller Lites, microbrew selection, combined with the food, great place to drink. A lot of girls.
Gene's Place - Louisa Street = Really cheep drinks ($2.50 mixed, $2-3 22oz beers, $5.50 pitchers). No food. Some microbrews. Mostly guys looking to drink. If you are looking to drink cheap, here is the place.
Mad Mex - Atwood & Bates = Excellent beer selection (9 or so microbrews on tap, extensive bottle selection). The frozen margarita's are great. Expensive unless you come during a drink special (430-630 for happy hour, 9-11 for evening special). Great food if you like to eat while you drink.
Fuel & Fuddle - Oakland Avenue = http://www.fuelandfuddle.com/ The crowd is hipster. They have a large microbrew draft selection (12 or so) and an extremely extensive bottle selection.
Since this is a "college town", as well as a center of research and technology, there are numerous accommodations including most of the bigname chain hotels. In addition the area has very frequent bus connections to Downtown which is only a ten or fifteen minute ride to all the large downtown hotels.
Get out


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SOUTH EUCLID, Ohio (AP) — An Ohio judge has ordered a man convicted of harassing a neighbor and her disabled children to stand on a street corner with a sign that says "I AM A BULLY!"
The municipal court judge says 62-year-old Edmond Aviv of South Euclid (YOO'-klehd) must hold the sign for five hours Sunday.
Court records say Aviv has feuded with his neighbor for 15 years. He recently pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor charge of disorderly conduct.
The Plain Dealer newspaper (http://bit.ly/1hksXRd ) in Cleveland reports that the neighbor says Aviv has called her an ethnic slur, spit on her and smeared feces on the family's wheelchair ramp.
Aviv also must serve 15 days in jail and undergo anger management classes and counseling.
Aviv offered his "sincere apology" in a court-ordered apology letter.
Information from: The Plain Dealer, http://www.cleveland.com


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By Marc B. Shapiro
Question no. 1 was: The word for turkey is תרנגול הדו. There is a dagesh in the dalet. Why? Bring a proof for your answer from Berakhot between page 34a and 38a.
This is correct. The name India (and thus also Hindu) originates with the Persians and Greeks for the land beyond the Indus River. You can see in the Aramaic terms referred to by Heppenheimer that the nun is part of the word. See also the Targum to Esther 1:1 where הדו is translated as .הנדיא Bava Batra 74b, Avodah Zarah 16a, and Bekhorot 37b have other forms of the word, all including the nun.[1] Berakhot 37b refers to נהמא דהנדקא, i.e., "Indian bread." Targum Ps. Jonathan to Gen. 2:12 translates translates חוילה as הינדקי.
(As to why turkey was referred to by those in Spain, and later the rest of Europe, as "Indian fowl", that is because when it was first brought back to Europe it was believed to be coming from the area around India, which is where Columbus himself thought that he had ended up.)
For those who are interested in grammatical matters like how the dagesh is used, let me recommend a new book, Adir Amrutzi's Dikdukei Aviah (Tel Aviv, 2010). In speaking of nuns that drop off, on p. 13 he calls attention to Kiddushin 70a where the word אתרונגא appears. The nun in this word shows us that the plural of etrog is not etrogim, but etrugim, with a dagesh in the gimel and a kubutz under the resh. The singular word etrog should be written as אתרג (All this follows the pattern of tof-tupim [תף-תפים], dov-dubim [דב-דבים]. When the vav holam is in the word, the holam sound remains: חול-חולות, עוף-עופות).
Returning to India, the passage in Berakhot 36b reads: "The preserved ginger which comes from India (הנדואי) is permitted." The problem is that when you look at Rashi, for his translation of הנדואי he writes: כושיים.
So where does Rashi get the idea that Cushites are Indians? Did he not know that הנדואי means India? In his commentary to Kiddushin 22b he writes as follows:
הנדואה: מארץ כושי כוש מתרגמינן הנדואה
We see the same identification by Rashi in Yoma 81b.[2] Since the book of Esther distinguishes between India (הדו) and Cush, and Rashi identifies הנדואה with Cush, one might be tempted to conclude that Rashi didn't realize that הנדואה is the same as הדו. But is it possible that he wouldn't know this?
And to confuse matters even more, in Avodah Zarah 16a, where הינדואה is mentioned, Rashi explains that it means ארץ הדו.
So not only do we have the problem of Rashi identifying הנדואה as Cush, but we also have the problem of consistency, because in one instance he identifies the place correctly. To add one more thing to the mix, in his commentary to Sukkah 36a Rashi states that Cush is further from the Land of Israel than it is from Babylonia. This means that Rashi thought that Cush is to the east of Babylonia. In other words, Rashi does not believe that Cush is Ethiopia.[3]
So where does Rashi get this notion? He actually gives us his source in his commentary to Yoma 34b, where he refers to the Targum to Jeremiah 13:23. This verse famously states: "Can the Cushi change his skin, or the leopard his spots?" If you look at the Targum on this verse Cushi is translates as .הנדואה In the Targum to Isaiah 11:11 Cush is also identified as India.
So again, I ask, what is going on here? How could the Targum translate Cushi as "Indian"?
P. S. Alexander writes as follows: "It was a common view in ancient geography, shared by Ptolemy and probably also the author of the book of Jubilees . . . that Ethiopia was joined to India in the east. It is this idea that lies behind the [talmudic] statement that Cush and Hodu are adjacent."[4] He also notes that the Indians dark skin was one reason for the identification. Furthermore, Alexander tell us, there was an ancient belief that there was a land connection between Ethiopia and India south of the Indian Ocean.
Since we have been speaking of India,[5] let me share with you what I found in R. Hayyim Hirschensohn's Nimukei Rashi on Bamidbar (a copy of which I will give out to the winner of my next quiz[6]). On p. 81b he suggests that the revolt in India against English rule was a punishment of England for splitting the Land of Israel when it created Transjordan.
Returning to the quiz, my second question was: There is a rabbinic phrase that today is used to praise a Torah scholar, but in talmudic days was used in a negative fashion. What am I referring to?
Rashi's explanation should remind people of a phrase used by R. Bahya Ibn Paquda in Hovot ha-Levavot 3:4. In its medieval Hebrew translation it became famous: חמור נושא ספרים. I first heard this expression in yeshiva. Only later did I realize that it came from R. Bahya, and only some time later did I learn that R. Bahya didn't invent it. Rather, it originates in the Quran 62:5.[7]
* * *
This, incidentally, is not the only time that I assume that Artscroll knows what it is writing is incorrect, but writes so anyway. I have a good example of this in the book I am currently working on, so I don't want to give it away now. I already noted another example in Limits, where I call attention to the introduction to the Artscroll Chumash which states: "Rambam sets forth at much greater length the unanimously held view that every letter and word was given by God to Moses" (emphasis added). This statement, that the view of the Rambam is unanimously held, is false. Furthermore, Artscroll knows it is false, and in its commentary to Deut. 34:5 it mentions the talmudic view that the last verses were given to Joshua.[8]
Here is another example along these lines that I think readers will find interesting. It comes from the new Artscroll Midrash Rabbah, and was called to my attention by R. Avrohom Lieberman (who already called my attention to the Kalir change in the Machzor).
Since we are now on the subject of Artscroll (the most important and influential Orthodox publishing venture of all time), and lots of people want me to post more on this topic, let me give one final example.[9] It comes from Ecclesiastes, as I dealt with this book in the last series of posts. The upshot of what I and others have already pointed out is something everyone already knew, namely, that Artscroll has a religious agenda. Much like the New York Times' agenda can be seen not only in the editorial page, but in the news reports as well, so too Artscroll's agenda is seen not only in the "overviews,"[10] but in the selection of commentaries also. There is enough material for a very long and detailed article spelling all this out.
שרים: משוררים זכרים. ושרות: משוררות נקבות
So now I ask my fair-minded readers: Is Artscroll's statement that Metzudat Tziyon translates שרים ושרות as "singers" accurate? I think the answer is clearly "no". Metzudat Tziyon translates the words in question as "male singers and female singers," and yet—don't tell me you are surprised—in Artscroll this morphs into "singers". Why would Artscroll fudge the translation? The answer is obvious. They don't want people to think that Solomon would have listened to women singing. I am not sure why this is so problematic for them. After all, if Solomon engaged in idolatry (at least according to the biblical text's simple meaning),, hearing women sing is not so far-fetched. In fact, in his comment on some other words in the verse, R. Jacob Lorberbaum[12] writes as follows):
Lorberbaum, therefore, has no difficulty in seeing the verse as pointing to misdeeds of Solomon.
Let us now see what Kara and Alshich say on the verse, since they too were quoted by Artscroll. Kara's commentary is printed in Otzar Tov, ed., Berliner and Hoffmann (Berlin, 1886-1887), p. 10: עשיתי לי שרים ושרות: תיקנתי לי זכרים ונקיבות לשורר לפניי
Alshich explains the verse to be referring to משוררים ומשוררות
So we see that the commentators Artscroll refers to are explicit that the meaning of the passage is "male and female singers."
Among other sources that interpret this way are Kohelet Rabbati, ad loc:
שרים ושרות: זמרין וזמרתא
Yalkut Shimoni, Kohelet no. 968:
See also the Targum to Eccl. 2:8, where שרים ושרות is translated as .זמריא וזמריתא
R. Moses Almosnino, Yedei Moshe (Tel Aviv, 1986), Eccl. 2:8 (p. 58), even explains why the female singers were desirable, as they helped create a better harmony:
על כן אמר שהיו לו שרים ושרות שהם המשוררים והמשוררות, אנשים ונשים יחד, שבהתמזגם יהיו הקולות ערובות, שקול האשה דקה וקול האיש הוא קול יותר עב, ובהתמזגם יחד יצא השיר בנועם.
When the Jews returned from Babylonia to the Land of Israel in the days of Ezra and Nehemiah, the Bible (Ezra 2:65, Nehemiah 7:65) states explicitly that they came with משוררים ומשוררות, "male and female singers."
As for how Solomon could listen to women sing, for those who feel the need to answer this question, perhaps Solomon agreed with those authorities who feel that there is no blanket prohibition on hearing a woman's singing voice,[13] a viewpoint that has recently been resurrected by Rabbis Moshe Lichtenstein,[14] David Bigman[15] and Avraham Shammah.[16] According to this perspective, only singing that is sexually arousing is forbidden.[17] Let us not forget that the Talmud speaks of a woman's voice. It is the post-Talmudic authorities who clarify that this refers to a singing voice, but does this mean any singing voice or only one that in the minds of normal men could be arousing?
R. Marc Angel agrees with the rabbis mentioned in the last paragraph. He writes: "When the prohibition of "kol ishah" is applied to all instances of women singing in the presence of men, this is a distortion of the intent of the halakha. . . . Men and women may sing in the presence of those of the other gender, as long as the songs are of a religious nature, or of a general cultural nature (e.g., opera, folk songs, lullabies)."[18]
R. Yonatan Rosenzweig doesn't go so far as to permit one to attend a concert with a female singer, but he does say that since today many people are used to hearing recordings of women's voices, that possibly it is even permissible to watch a woman singing on television.[19]
A number of years ago there were ads in New York Jewish papers for a concert by Neshama Carlebach. The ads stated that the concert was open for women, as well as for men for whom the singing was permissible. This was a very strange formulation. Knowing that R. Mordechai Tendler was Neshama's posek, I asked him about this. He explained to me that the language originated with him and was based on the notion that the prohibition against kol ishah is not a blanket prohibition, but depends on whether the singing is sexually arousing. (This approach can be supported by the view found in some rishonim that kol ishah that is not sexually arousing is only forbidden during keriat shema. Otherwise, there is no prohibition.[20]) Therefore, men who are used to hear women sing and will not be aroused by Neshama are permitted to attend the concert, and this explains the strange language in the ads.[21] Tendler also told me that this view of kol ishah as being what we can call a "situational prohibition" rather than an absolute issur, was held by his grandfather, R. Moshe Feinstein.[22]
This opinion, that whether or not a woman's singing voice is prohibited depends on how men will react to it, will no doubt strike some as "unorthodox." This approach is definitely not as widely held today as in years past. Yet many people reading this post can recall a time when kol ishah, as a general prohibition, was simply not an issue for the Modern Orthodox, or even for many of the more right-wing Orthodox. This was no different than the situation in Germany, where pretty much all of the Orthodox, including members of Hirsch's community, saw no problem in attending the opera.
If you went back to the 1960s, other than the hasidim and the tiny yeshiva world, it would be hard to find an Orthodox Jew in New York City who didn't see the Broadway performance of "Fiddler on the Roof." I would even assume that that there were some roshei yeshiva who saw it. Until the 1980s there was no problem with Modern Orthodox synagogues sponsoring trips to Broadway musicals. My own shul even put on a performance of "Fiddler on the Roof" in the early 1980s. That would be unimaginable today at almost all Orthodox shuls.[23] (Yet somehow YU is able to continue its long tradition of a fundraising night at the opera, and I have not heard of any attempt by the roshei yeshiva to end this practice.)
Until the 1980s, girls would also have solo singing roles in the musical productions put on by many Modern Orthodox yeshiva high schools and summer camps. (Was there a Modern Orthodox summer camp where girls did not sing?) Readers can correct me if I am wrong, but as far as I know, only Ramaz, Flatbush, and SAR still have girls singing solos.[24] The other schools that have girls sing have them do so in groups, or at least with one other girl.
To bring us back to the earlier era, where women singing was acceptable in the Modern Orthodox world, let me quote Rabbi Marc Angel:
R. Eliezer Berkovits wrote:
Nowadays, the singing of a woman is not fundamentally different from what the original Halakhah termed "her regular voice." A woman's voice, even when she is singing, is nothing unusual today, and it is no more distracting during the Shema prayer than that of a man singing. Only in specific amorous situations as in the Song of Songs, may it have a sensual quality.[26]
In Between the Yeshiva World and Modern Orthodoxy, p. 216, I quote Jacob Rosenheim who attempts to explain why Hirsch permitted girls to sing at public examinations in the higher grades (and I also note that this passage was censored in the Netzah translation). A halakhic justification of hearing unmarried girls sing was actually penned by R. Isaac Unna, the rav of Mannheim. The short responsum appears in his Shoalin ve-Dorshin no. 2.
In recent generations, poskim have all written that the פנויה referred to here is one who does not have the status of a Niddah, that is, a pre-pubescent girl. The first source to adopt this approach seems to be the eighteenth-century Peri Megadim, Orah Hayyim 75:3. As far as I can tell, none of the early poskim who discuss the matter even mention this point, and they all assume that פנויה mean an unmarried woman, of any age. This approach also continued among certain poskim even subsequent to the Peri Megadim.
See for example this page R. Jacob Pardo's Apei Zutrei (Venice, 1797), Even ha-Ezer 21:8:
This is not to say that Pardo approves of listening to single women sing. He doesn't, and applies to such singing the rabbinic phrase מוטב שיאכלו ישראל בשר תמותות כשרות, which comes from Kiddushin 22a and is stated with reference to something distasteful. It is distasteful, yet permitted nonetheless. Pardo's careful distinction between what is preferred behavior and what the halakhah actually requires is seen in this comment as well, where he refers to Job. 31:1: "[I made a covenant with mine eyes;] how then should I look upon a maiden?"[29]
הן אמת דלבטל ההרהור יש להחמיר ע"ד ומה אתבונן על בתולה. אך אינו מן הראוי להשוותה לנשואה לאסור מפאת הדין.
Here is a page from R. Aaron ha-Levi, Mateh Aharon (Salonika, 1820), p. 260b, where we see some more interesting comments, including defending a rabbi who permitted listening to the voice of a single woman.
Returning to German Orthodoxy, Der Israelit was the newspaper of the German separatist community. Yet it seems to have had no problem highlighting an Orthodox female opera singer and stressing her commitment to Orthodoxy.[32] Mordechai Breuer called attention to this last point, and I assume that he didn't have any knowledge of opera or he would have pointed out that the female singer referred to by the paper, Rosa Olitzka (1873-1949), was quite famous in her day. Here is a picture of her.
Breuer also refers to the JüdischePresse's review of the opera "Samson and Delilah".[35] While Der Israelit was the paper of the Frankfurt Orthodox, Jüdische Presse was published by the Orthodox of Berlin.[36]
The view that kol ishah is not an absolute prohibition, but depends on whether or not the singing is sensual in nature, was also held by R. Joseph B. Soloveitchik, at least according to R. Aharon Rakeffet.[37] Rakeffet has also reported on a number of occasions that the Rav attended the opera in Berlin.[38] At the Maimonides School first Hanukkah Banquet in 1939, "the program included Betty Brooks, a prominent radio personality singing a variety of Jewish and English songs, Mabel Wingert, a dancer, and Frost and Helene, society dancers."[39]
R. Ovadiah Yosef's viewpoint on kol ishah is also worth noting, especially as it has undergone a change. In the first volume of Yabia Omer, published in 1954, R. Ovadiah deals with the following question (Orah Hayyim no. 6):
Here is how he formulates the question and answer in the table of contents:
Based on this understanding of R. Ovadiah's responsum, I don't think there is a contradiction between this teshuvah and R. Ovadiah's well known love for the music of the Egyptian singing sensation Umm Kulthum.[40] Here is what Umm Kulthum looked like in her younger years.
I was also informed by R. Avraham Yosef that his father, R. Ovadiah, later retracted his ruling in this responsum that if you are familiar with the singer that you can't hear her voice in shema and tefillah. I later saw that R. Ovadiah himself states as much in Yabia Omer, vol. 9 no. 108:43:
If you hear her voice while you are saying shema or reciting blessings, R. Ovadiah advises וירכז מחשבתו לכוין בברכותיוR. Ovadiah's words בחיים חיותה במלא קומתה might be taken to imply that even if you know the woman from television, there still is no prohibition of kol ishah.
R. Avraham Yosef states that while it is permitted to hear a woman sing even if you know what she looks like, it is not permitted to attend a live performance or even watch on television. R. Avraham assumes that alllive and television performances are prohibited, not only those that could be sexually arousing.[42] It also needs to be stated that despite how I interpreted R. Ovadiah, that female singing is only prohibited if it is sensual music, the upshot of what R. Ovadiah states throughout his writings is that by definition a live female singer is sexually arousing and thus prohibited. Although I think the evidence shows that R. Ovadiah agrees that theoretically kol ishah is only forbidden if it leads to <>hirhurim >, in practice he assumes that <>alllive female singing falls into this category. (I wonder, however, if he would also forbid the live singing of a very old woman, which would in no way be sensual.)
I found another interesting passage regarding kol ishah in the Meshivat Nefesh of R. Yohanan Luria (16th century). On p. 144, after explaining how the women of the desert could sing in front of the men (Ex. 15:21), he writes:
ומזה הטעם ראוי למחות לנשים המשוררות לכלות לפני האנשים רק הבתולות שמותרים בזה כדי לחבב הבחורים לקפוץ עליהם לשם אישות.
He makes the same point on the previous page, and concludes (p. 143):
רק הבתולות ראוי להם שיחבבו עצמם על הבריות לקפוץ אחריהם
What it means is that while married women can't sing in front of men, unmarried women are permitted to do so in order to attract the attention of the young men, similar to what they did in Temple days when they would dance before the eligible bachelors.
Some might be wondering, how was this permitted since married men will also hear the women sing, and being that they are not in the "market" for a wife, what permission is there for them to listen to and be physically attracted to the young women? I think the answer is obvious, that those men who would have had improper thoughts were not supposed to listen to the women, just as I presume they were not supposed to watch the single women dance in Temple days. Yet the Sages did not ban this dancing because of what some men might be thinking, and similarly, Luria permits the singing by single women and is not concerned that some married men might also be listening. The logic behind Luria's position is that young men looking for brides are supposed to be attracted to young women. The latter dress up nicely so that the men look at them, they put on makeup for this purpose, and yes, they sing in front of the men, all in order to make themselves attractive.
Here is the title page of Luria's sefer.
He points to an early eighteenth-century communal decree in Altona-Hamburg-Wandsbek forbidding attendance at the opera, except for on Hanukkah and Purim when it was permitted. The text is also found in Simhah Assaf, Ha-Onshin Aharei Hatimat ha-Talmud, p. 116.
Finally, I would like to point to a very interesting source that as far as I know has never been mentioned in any of the many halakhic articles dealing with kol ishah. I refer to R. Joseph Hayyim's Imrei Binah, ch. 3, no. 79. Here is the page.
For the same approach by Rashi, and here too it appears to be his own interpretation (although obviously based on the earlier rabbinic understanding of Cushite), see Sukkah 53a, where it mentions that Solomon had two Cushite servants. Rashi writes:
תרי כושאי: על שם שהיו יפים קרי להו הכי
Incidentally, the Artscroll translation to this passage makes as unfortunate error. While the Talmud speaks of "two Cushites", Artscroll translates תרתי כושאי as "two Cutheans."
The Vilna Talmud's version is תרתי כושאי, while Rashi has תרי. Rashi's text preserves the correct version (see also Arukh ha-Shalem, s. v. כש, p. 348 n. 4) as תרי is masculine while תרתי is feminine. In R. Meir Mazuz's new book, Darkhei ha-Iyun, p. 5, he deals with these words and calls attention to the common grammatical error when people write תרתי דסתרי. Since דסתרי(=(הסותרים is masculine, the proper formulation is ether תרי דסתרי or תרתי דסתרן.
For more on the identification of Cushite with ugliness, see Jonathan Schorsch, Jews and Blacks in the Early Modern World (Cambridge, 2004), chs. 3-4, and Abraham Melamed, The Image of the Black in Jewish Culture (London, 2003).
[4] "Toponomy of the Targumim," (unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oxford University, 1974), p. 134.
Related to the latter point, there is an unbelievable error by the great R. Judah Aszod. In 1833 the Hatam Sofer responded to the following query of a Hungarian rabbi: During Christian religious ceremonies that pass through the city, are Jews permitted to put candles in their windows? The fear was that if the Jews don't do that, their homes would be attacked on Christian thugs (Hatam Sofer, Yoreh Deah, no. 133 [end]). The Hatam Sofer concluded that while it was permissible to indirectly request a non-Jew to light the candle, it is absolutely forbidden for a Jew to do so.
הישראל אסור לעשות וצריך למסור נפש ע"ז
In the Hatam Sofer's responsum he speaks of the candle lighting that takes place in "India".
ולענין מה שמסבבים בארץ הודו בע"ז שלהם, וכל הדרים באותו המבוי צריכים להדליק נרות, ויהודים הדרים שם אם אינם מדליקים הם בסכנה מפני ההמונים.
It is incredible is that R. Judah Aszod, Yehudah Ya'aleh, Yoreh Deah, no. 170, takes the Hatam Sofer to really be speaking of India, even though as just mentioned, he was responding to a halakhah le-ma'aseh question from Hungary, not from a rabbi in Bombay! This misunderstanding contributes to Aszod's lenient decision.
לענ"ד הח"ס דוקא קאי על ארץ הודו שמסבבים בע"ז שלהם . . . משא"כ במדינתינו אינו חק המדינה כ"א באיזו מקומות ולא עפ"י המושל אלא מרשעת שונאי ישראל, והדלקת הנרות אצלם נמי רק אין כוונתם להעביר על הדת כ"א שיהודים ישמחו עמהם וזה מותר משום איבה כברמ"א ביו"ד ססי' קמח . . . וגם בזה"ז לא עובדי ע"ז הן לא מקרי אליל שלהם עכו"ם כמ"ש הש"ך סי' קנא ס"ק יז.
ודוחק לומר דכיון דבזמן הזה לאו עובדי עבודת כוכבים הן לא מיקרי אליל שלהם עבודת כוכבים
אם נכנס לעיר ומצאם שמחים ביום חגם ישמח עמהם משום איבה דהוי כמחניף להם ומ"מ בעל נפש ירחיק מלשמוח עמהם אם יוכל לעשות שלא יהיה לו איבה בדבר
[6] As with the other volumes of this series, one can find lots of interesting passages in vol. 4. Here are just a few. P. 56b: Moses opposed the eating of meat, but he could not forbid it because the people would regard this as heresy. P. 98b: Hirschensohn mentions the notion, already expressed by the Vilna Gaon, that sometimes the Talmud's explanation of the Mishnah is to be understood as a form of derash. In other words, the explanation is not in accord with what the Mishnah really intended. He also refers to Berdyczewski and writes zikhrono li-verakhah after his name. P. 14a: There is no obligation in contemporary times for married women to cover their hair.
וזהוא ההיתר שנוהגים היום ברוב המדינות שהנשים מבנות ישראל הולכות בגלוי הראש, אם שהראשונות שבטלו את המנהג היו נקראות עוברות על דת משה אבל הבאים אחריהם אחרי שכבר נתבטל המנהג אין בזה איסור עוד.
[9] I had been planning to offer one further example, but I was shown to be wrong. Let me explain: A little while ago R. Natan Slifkin had a post on werewolves, citing R. Efraim ben Shimshon's strange comments in this regard. See here.
Slifkin earlier had written about this in his Sacred Monsters. None of this was a revelation to me since I had earlier seen the material from R. Efraim in R. Yosef Aryeh Lorincz' Pelaot Edotekha, vol. 2, pp. 136-137. Not surprisingly, Lorincz takes this all very seriously. Readers might recall that I mentioned Lorincz' book here. I called attention to his discussion of whether it is permitted to eat the flesh and drink the blood of demons. After this post I had a correspondence with someone who wanted to know what I thought about what Lorincz had written. I told him although I don't know what the halakhah is in this matter, I nevertheless promise to eat the first demon that Lorincz is able to capture. I further told him that I would even volunteer to shecht it. My correspondent wasn't seeing the comedy in this, as he thought that this was a very serious issue, that someone whom we are told to respect for his Torah knowledge could actually, in the twenty-first century, be discussing such a matter as a real halakhic problem. He was also adamant that if such a book was published by someone who taught at a Modern Orthodox school, the principal should immediately fire the author. Further correspondence revealed that he also didn't think that anyone who believed in demons should be allowed to teach at Modern Orthodox schools.
My response to him was that I don't think we need to get all out of shape about demons. To begin with, and readers can correct me if I am wrong, I don't think that most people in the American haredi world really believe in demons. Yes, I know they study the talmudic passages that refer to demons, and will mention them as the reason for washing one's hand three times in the morning, but based on conversations I have had with people in the haredi world (admittedly, most of them from the intellectual elite), I don't think that they take it seriously. (When I say they don't "believe" in demons, I mean real belief in the role of demons and how they affect humanity, as expressed in the Talmud and elsewhere.) It is almost like the emperor has no clothes, in that they don't believe it but continue acting as if they do, afraid of what will happen if they are "outed". (I have found a similar phenomenon with regard to Daas Torah. I have discussed this issue with many people in the haredi world, and have yet to find even one who accepts the version of Daas Torah advocated by so-called Haredi spokesmen and Yated Neeman.) But even if I am wrong in this, there are lots more important things to keep out of Modern Orthodox schools than an occasional reference to demons. How about the negative comments about non-Jews and even racist statements (sometimes under the guise of Torah) that children are exposed to in Modern Orthodox schools? How about rebbes telling the students that there is such a thing as spontaneous generation, which is akin to telling the students to sign up with Flat Earth society?
Getting back to werewolves, there is someone much better known than R. Efraim who refers to them, namely, Rashi. In his commentary to Job 5:23, Rashi explains that חית השדה means werewolf. (He offers the Old French, for which see Moshe Catane, Otzar ha-Loazim, no. 4208, and Joseph Greenberg, Otzar Loazei Rashi be-Tanakh, p. 211) He further adds that this is also the meaning of אדני השדה (See Kilayim 8:5). I have to admit that I was all set in this post to mention that Artscroll, which always cites Rashi's interpretation, in this example chose to omit it. Without even examining the commentary, I was sure that Artscroll would choose to avoid mentioning anything about werewolves. Yet when I actually opened up the commentary, prepared by R. Moshe Eisemann, I was pleasantly surprised to see that he indeed tells the truth, and the whole truth, i.e.,, that Rashi was referring to a werewolf. I found something else in this volume that I didn't expect. In an appendix he discusses whether the commentary attributed to Rashi was actually written by him. Unfortunately, Eisemann did not feel that he should inform the reader which academic sources he used in preparing this appendix.
[10] I don't understand why Artscroll uses this word. The overviews found at the beginning of their books are actually not overviews. (Look up the word if you are not sure what it means). They should have been called what they are, namely, "introductions."
[11] The Talmud explains sharim ve-sharot as מיני זמר, and Rashi, Eccl. 2:8, clearly based on the Talmud, explains sharim ve-sharot as מיני כלי זמר. Either Rashi's text of the Talmud also included the word כלי , or this is how he understood the talmudic expression מיני זמר. (Literally, מיני זמר means "types of music", and when the word כלי is added it means "various musical instruments.")
[12] His commentary, Ta'alumot Hokhmah, is found in the standard Mikraot Gedolot.
[13] According to R. Jehiel Jacob Weinberg, the Rambam's opinion is that kol ishah is only forbidden if one derives sensual pleasure from it. See Seridei Esh, vol. 2 no. 8.
[14] See here.
[15] See here.
[16] See here.
[17] R. Yuval Sherlo does not permit one to attend the opera, but if one is stuck in a situation, such as a soldier at a military event, then he rules that it is permissible to remain even though women are singing. See here.
[18] Conversations 12 (Winter 2012), pp. 43, 47; also available here. At the end of the article, Angel concludes: "Married women need not cover their hair, as long as their hair is maintained in a modest style. The wearing of wigs does not constitute a proper hair-covering for those married women who wish to cover their hair. Rather, such women should wear hats or other head coverings that actually cover their hair." He also discusses hair covering on YouTube here.
[19] "Kol Ishah Bimeinu," Tehumin 29 (2009), p. 143.
[20] See Seridei Esh, vol. 2 no. 8, and see also the helpful summary of positions available here.
[25] Foundations of Sephardic Spirituality (Woodstock, VT, 2006), p. 186.
[26] Jewish Women in Time and Torah (Hoboken, 1990), p. 62. Berkovits also understood the matter of women's hair covering in the same fashion, and did not regard it as an obligation in contemporary times (heard from Berkovits' son, Prof. Avraham Berkovits).
I don't think anyone today assumes that there is a prohibition in seeing the uncovered hair of an ervah, if one is not sexually aroused, the reason being that we see it all the time and are thus used to it. By the same logic, if one is unaffected by hearing a woman sing, even if she is married, there should be no prohibition even according to how I explained the Ba'er Heitev. This is indeed the conclusion of R. Aharon de Toledo, Divrei Hefetz (Salonika, 1795), p. 113a:
ומותר להסתכל בפני הפנויה ולבודקה, בין בתולה בין בעולה, כדי שיראה אם היא נאה בעיניו, יישאנה; ואין בזה צד איסור. ולא עוד, אלא ראוי לעשות כן. אבל לא יסתכל דרך זנות, הרי הוא אומר "ברית, כרתי לעיני; ומה אתבונן, על בתולה"
[30] Commentary on Sanhedrin 7:4. What this means is that one can look at a possible future wife and appreciate her beauty, for after all, one is supposed to be attracted to her. As we have seen already, in Hilkhot Issurei Biah 21:3, Maimonides adds a caveat. He states that is forbidden to look at an unmarried woman דרך זנות. What this means is that while one can look at and admire the beauty of a single woman (what I earlier referred to as "moderate sensual thought), one cannot leer at her, i.e., with lascivious intent.
[31] When Maimonides speaks of enjoying an unmarried woman's beauty, I am certain that he is speaking of a Jewish woman, whom you can marry.
[32] Breuer, Modernity Within Tradition, p. 150. See Der Israelit, April 5, 1894, p. 503. See my post here, where I deal with the unsubstantiated rumor that Hirsch attended the opera. I quote from Prof. Breuer's email to me where he writes: "When I went to the opera as a boy of 13-14 years my father [Isaac Breuer] did not express his dissatisfaction."
[37] Listen to his shiur from Feb. 8, 2010, available here, beginning at 48:20. Rakefet also quotes R. Aharon Lichtenstein that the Rav held that in modern times there is no obligation for married women to cover their hair. Listen to the shiur just mentioned beginning at 62 minutes. I will return to this point in a future post when I deal with R. Michael Broyde's article on the topic.
[39] Seth Farber, An American Orthodox Dreamer: Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik and Boston's Maimonides School (Hanover, NH, 2004), p. 165 n. 19.
[40] See Zvi Alush and Yossi Elituv, Ben Porat Yosef (Or Yehuda, 2004), p. 37. See p. 408 that to this day he listens to her music, and see also the testimony to this in Or Torah, Tevet 5770, pp. 383-384. According to R. Avraham Shammah, cantors used her tunes for various tefillot, a practice that continues to this day. See here, p. 10.
המורם מכל האמור דביודעה ומכירה אפי' ע"י תמונה אסור לשמוע קולה בגרמפון או ברדיו, אבל אם אינו מכירה מותר, ואין בזה משום קול באשה ערוה.


text:
Hello. I'm trying to get Scribblenauts Unlimited to work in wine. So far the game seems to start up but only shows a white screen. I know the game itself works because I can guess and click where the start button should be and the intro starts playing.
According to this page, I have to set anti aliasing to the lowest setting. I don't have windows and cannot follow the instructions. But I think I may be able to set the anti aliasing blindly, since I have been able to get to the options menu (by guessing and clicking) and was even able to change resolution by accident.
Can anyone post some screenshots of the options menu showing the anti-aliasing options?


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NEW YORK — Ryan Howard took half the day off and still ended up tormenting the Mets.
NEW YORK — Ryan Howard took half the day off and still ended up tormenting the Mets.
Howard snapped a seventh-inning tie with a pinch-hit double, Cole Hamels earned his first win of the season and the Philadelphia Phillies took advantage of a crucial error to beat New York 5-1 on Sunday and finish a three-game sweep.
Rested by manager Charlie Manuel in the midst of a hitting tear, Howard got his chance anyway and drove a two-run double off the center-field fence to give Philadelphia a 3-1 lead. The big slugger has 23 RBIs in his last 13 games against the Mets, including seven in this series.
"It's not really an off day. You just don't start," Howard said. "Mentally you do things to keep yourself loose."
All-Star catcher Carlos Ruiz went 1-for-4 with a double in his return to the Phillies from a 25-game amphetamine suspension. Even on the road, the popular Ruiz was greeted warmly with a chorus of "Choooooch," and one fan held a sign welcoming him back.
Freddy Galvis homered, Chase Utley had an RBI single and Hamels (1-3) overcame six walks, which matched his career high. The left-hander held the Mets to two hits and struck out eight over six innings in his fourth consecutive solid outing.
The 2008 World Series MVP was so frustrated with his command that he screamed into his glove in the fourth, when he walked the bases loaded before striking out pitcher Jonathon Niese to end the inning.
"I was able to get away with it. But it's not the best type of game for me," Hamels said. "I would much rather have liked to go deeper in the ballgame."
Working with his regular batterymate for the first time this season, Hamels helped Philadelphia to its first series sweep since last September — also at Citi Field. The Phillies have won nine of 10 against the rival Mets since Aug. 30.
New York, which went 3-6 on a homestand against the Nationals, Dodgers and Phillies, has lost a season-high four straight and nine of 12 overall.
Niese (2-2) allowed one earned run in 6 2-3 innings, showing no ill effects from the comebacker that hit him near the right ankle and knocked him out of his previous start Tuesday.
The left-hander was lifted after 117 pitches, and once again Philadelphia immediately jumped all over an awful Mets bullpen that entered the day ranked next-to-last in the majors with a 5.28 ERA.
Hamels was pulled for pinch-hitter Laynce Nix with two outs in the seventh and appeared headed for a no-decision when Nix hit a twisting popup in foul territory. The ball came down near the Phillies dugout, but catcher John Buck was never able to settle under it. He tried to make a basket catch and the ball popped out of his mitt for an error.
"I should have had it," Buck said. "Just missed it."
Nix and Jimmy Rollins followed with sharp singles, chasing Niese. Mets manager Terry Collins called on right-hander Scott Atchison, so Phillies counterpart Charlie Manuel brought Howard off the bench. He tagged a 2-0 pitch and watched it fly at first, thinking it was gone.
"I knew they were going to put Howard in, but Scott Atchison's breaking ball is really difficult to hit, I don't care who it is," Collins said. "His issue is he fell behind and tried to sneak a fastball by him. Didn't get it in, didn't make the pitch."
Utley followed with his run-scoring single, and John Mayberry Jr. added an RBI double in the eighth off Brandon Lyon.
"We were out of the inning. We didn't make the play," Collins said. "At our level, you give good teams extra outs, they're going to do some damage."
Antonio Bastardo, Mike Adams and Jonathan Papelbon finished the three-hitter.
Ruben Tejada hit a leadoff double in the first against Hamels and scored on David Wright's single.
Galvis reached down and golfed a low curveball over the left-field fence in the fifth for his second home run of the season.
"We knew we were kind of due for a series like this, and we'll try to keep it going," Nix said.
NOTES: Major League Baseball posted on Twitter that umpire Brian O'Nora left the series opener Friday night because of a serious medical condition. MLB said he doesn't use tobacco products, contrary to several reports. ... Howard, riding a 10-game hitting streak, has 10 RBIs in his last five games after driving in six runs over his first 19 games. Despite that, he was rested ahead of the team's off day Monday to give him an extra breather. Kevin Frandsen started at first base and made a nice play to end the first inning. ... Hamels improved to 6-10 in 22 games against the Mets. ... Wright bobbled Ruiz's easy grounder in the first, ending a 77-game errorless streak that was the longest by a Mets third baseman. It also had been the longest active run for any third baseman in the majors. New York finished with a season-high three errors, one by Niese. ... To create roster room for Ruiz, the Phillies designated backup catcher Humberto Quintero for assignment. ... Slumping Phillies CF Ben Revere was out of the lineup for the fourth straight game while resting a sore quadriceps.


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Wednesday, February 25, 2009
Buried Alive
Life is good at the moment. I have the random daily symptom, a reminder of the MS but nothing to stop me in my tracks.
I am now teaching yoga at a studio twice a week and so far it's going well. Other than that, I'm keeping busy with work. The term ends tomorrow so things should slow down for Friday (a teacher workday). I am going to offer a free yoga class to other teachers that day so they can destress.
Today I am thankful that I have been able to keep up with my personal and professional commitments.
7 comments:
- Weeble Girl said...
That's great that you're doing well and taking time for you. I hope the other teachers take time to destress with you.
- February 25, 2009 at 5:23 PM
- Erin said...
I'm glad you are doing well! Busy can be good sometimes....
- February 26, 2009 at 7:11 AM
- Jen said...
Keep those ESL mutants on their toes!...And come back soon, of course....
- February 26, 2009 at 12:40 PM
- Joan said...
It's wonderful to be distracted by good things in life long enough to forget about the MS for just a little while. I'm starting a yoga class next week, but it is at 7pm and I'm usually exhausted by then. Stay tuned...
- February 26, 2009 at 5:21 PM
- Denver Refashionista said...
Thanks for dropping by everyone. Hopefully I will make it by Joan's chat room tomorrow to visit:)
- February 26, 2009 at 5:27 PM
- pat said...
OK -please recommend a yoga mat. One of my caregivers told me there are different types.Although my mobility is limited, I can get on the floor,so with that in mind Ms. Nadja,which is best for a beginner?I probably need something sturdy,yet comfortable.... Can you help?
- February 27, 2009 at 5:29 PM
- Denver Refashionista said...
Pat, I'm not sure about a mat but I would find something cushy. You could even use two and blankets also can come in handy as props or just for increased comfort.
- February 28, 2009 at 3:41 PM


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