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The Fact Is, Profs Don't Use The Socratic Method
The Fact Is, Profs Don't Use The Socratic Method
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Chris Laurel
Re: The Fact Is, Profs Don't Use The Socratic Method
Reply #30 on:
January 24, 2006, 08:15:30 PM »
And these facts remain:
1. Professors do not use the socratic method - stop worrying.
2. Professors are judged not by how well they teach, but by how publishable is their research. So whether they actually educate or not is largely irrelevant. Why do you think that curve is so necessary? Ever wonder what professional attorneys would think of our exams? They'd probably laugh. Does that show a flaw with us, or with how we are taught?
3. One exam over a year or a semester is inherently flawed as an accurate measure of ability in a learning environment.
4. Law schools are businesses, and even though the third year's usefulness can best be described as "tenuous," the schools show no sign of giving up 1/3 of that income. Our debt keeps us indentured servants to law firms. You guys are excited about those summer associate positions, but once you get out there and start working, and realize you have no time for vacations (or continually have to change your plans); no time to spend with your children; no time to spend with your spouses; no time to find spouses, etc. you will--like almost EVERY law firm associate--start questioning why you ever did this to yourself.
5. Drug use and alcoholism in the legal community is, as my Professional Responsibility professor said, "Endemic." Now you know why. But we don't fix it.
6. These problems have been known by the legal community for a long, long time, but nothing changes. Why? Because they convince law students this is the way it has to be. But it is all a big business--and a big lie--and the cost is ridiculous. There is zero justification that our education is worth 30K a year. Zero.
7. Only America educates its attorneys in this manner, at such crushing cost. The largest and most influential law firms in the world are based out of Europe - I wonder why they do such good jobs, yet don't require their own attorneys to go through such a ruinous system.
Maybe it is time you all started asking yourselves those questions. Then ask your professors, lawyers you know, your deans. Debate with them. Argue with them. Let them know it is not right.
Because you know what? Nobody cares about the lot of lawyers, except lawyers. We are loathed in society (why? Because the right wing HATES that we applied the Bill of Rights to the whole country during the Warren era - and they got it into the popular culture to hate us too) and if we are going to fix this BS then we are going to have to do it ourselves. Problem is, it is lawyers who keep this system in place. "I have seen the enemy, and it is We."
Re: The Fact Is, Profs Don't Use The Socratic Method
Reply #31 on:
January 25, 2006, 08:37:06 AM »
Chirs, maybe the reason we don't really debate you is because we think your issues are silly and pointless. I for one think law school is fine. LS is like any other profession, there are those who want to be at the top and work 60-80 hours per week and there are the other 90% who don't and work 40-50. Because of the competitive nature of law and the challenge of getting into LS there is probably a bit higher percentage of lawyers who want to be the top then other profession. For this same reason you are likely to find these highly competitive folks over represented at the top schools. But I bet if you look at doctors you would find the same thing.
I for one know of a couple of students at my school who work like crazy and then there are the rest who like me put in around 40 hours. The fact is that most people who work a lot choose to do so because they want to be the top of the class.
That being said I have never disagreed with you on the cost of law school and the problem of debt. We do need to do something about that, but it is a problem in the whole of academia and will be difficult to solve without adopting a European style college system, which while good, seems unlikely.
Re: The Fact Is, Profs Don't Use The Socratic Method
Reply #32 on:
January 25, 2006, 09:41:02 AM »
I quit reading it because I felt like I was being preached to. I would have been interested in the substance of it had it not been for that.
Chris Laurel
Re: The Fact Is, Profs Don't Use The Socratic Method
Reply #33 on:
January 25, 2006, 02:09:56 PM »
I don't mean for my tone to be preachy. I suppose the stridence comes from how little I hear my classmates talk about how to fix things. Not just with law school, but with the world. With the country. And there's so much that needs to be fixed, it's almost overwhelming. I would love for this to be 1988, or 1992 again when it really didn't matter who was running things. Bush/Dukakis - so they'll each tool with some social policies, but the one party always moderated the others. Bush/Clinton same thing. Now a party that half the country didn't vote for gives them no consideration. And that party doesn't even follow the principles of its traditional base! And the Dems would do the same thing. It sucks!
But the contrasts seem so stark now; the stakes for our national character so high. Not in the parties, but in the people. The people in charge are so unprincipled! In both parties! I don't even know if we all know what kind of people we are electing anymore, because we listen to attacks so much and instead of holding them to their words, we convince ourselves of their spin just so we don't feel we made a bad choice. I see it happen all the time! And in Bruce Bartlett's case, when he stood up for conservative fiscal principles he was fired! And David Brooks said, "Bush is the new conservative." Conservatives, you guys need to be careful because his policies aren't conservative and they are proving very unpopular. You guys are going to have your policies tarred, which sucks because generally you all are theh smartest economists. We love the thrill of the argument, but we aren't discussing enough.
And when I sat through Constitutional Law and the professor would ask the class for opinions, nobody would give them. It can't all be out of shyness. Many of the people in the class were moot court competitors. I knew who the Federalist Society guys were, and they never spoke either.
Our professor would raise historical facts that contradicted both Originalist doctrine AND broad constructionist doctrine, and nobody would say a thing. I wish they would have. I would like to hear conservative viewpoints and liberal viewpoints debate Constitutional Law with each other. What a benefit that was supposed to be to law school! Nobody speaks. I did, but I did not want to be "The Talker" or the "Free Space" on law school bingo. Outside of class I didn't have all that much time attend debates and lectures. I was also working 25 hours a week. Besides, I wanted to hear a group of my peers volly with each other, moderated by a knowledgable moderator. He tried. We just didn't respond.
I wish he had been socratic! I wanted to hear perspectives.
But then my Con Law professor would sometimes make fun of students in front of the class. Often it was good natured and fun, and we all had a kick out of it. But often, too, it would be cruel, and it was certain to keep hands down. Because it was only the people who raised their hands he called on. And it bothered me, because I didn't pay to have this short man use his tall brain to make himself feel good at the expense of learning students. And it was nothing socratic.
There's the activists on campus, but it always seems to be the same 30 people. What I mean to say, is my stridence comes from wondering if anyone is paying attention? I'm not saying they aren't, but I am saying I don't see it in class, or when we all go out.
But it's not 1992 anymore, and that's how I was back then when I first started undergrad; but we all still talked casually about politics. People who go to law school are supposed to love history, philosophy and/or politics, because that's all we study.
And it seems like the problems we face--that we are going to be FORCED to face--are right around the corner. And it's going to be all of us--you too giffy, and me--who have to deal with the consequences. And our kids. Whether it's Avian flu (or another contagion), a hurricane or earthquake levels another city, or Asia stops buying our debt, or what if millions and millions of us all of a sudden reached a point where we could no longer pay our debt? That has profound implications for the economy, for our jobs. For our families. And it seems almost likely. Because the credit faucet never ends anymore, and people put their basic needs on cards. It's not just medical or law school, but it's almost every effective institution for bettering ourselves has become super-costly. We are endangering future prosperity. It's like the Goya painting of Saturn devouring his own son. The baby boomers are only in it for themselves, and they only care about getting re-elected and doing whatever it takes in the short term. There's no long-term thinking anymore.
So I don't mean the tone to be preachy, but almost like "oh my God! what are we going to do about all of this?! how are we to make sense of all this?!" And then we are advocating torture, killing kids and retarded people; and we keep secret jails; and so few people don't mind that we have kept people imprisoned for FOUR YEARS with no access to courts, or even charging them. And we shrug off our government shrugging off the 4th Amendment, and spying on us. And the Incorporation Debate is coming back, and that's going to be major.
And people say "terrorism" and I want to be safe too. I mean, I live in New York City. But it's strange that the city that lived through 9/11 never agrees with how that event is used politically. I don't know what that means.
I don't know what any of it means. But I do know I don't hear many people my age (31) and younger talking about it. And it kind of scares me, because we seem so unprepared. And we know about these things. Just like we had a red flag about bin Laden and FEMA had a red flag about New Orleans. New Orleans. One of the funnest, most unique cities we had. I spent a month there one year. It was so fun. And it seems to be dying and choking. And all the money goes to a war, that I supported in the beginning too. But what do I know? It seems like our leaders should have known more than they did before undertaking a war that is now projected to run a Trillion dollars! Trillion! It's like, nobody thought ahead that there might be bigger problems. Remember how the oil from Iraq would pay for itself? I mean, what is going on with us?! Why are we electing these people? There are so few Democrats and Republicans I like, and I don't see why other people can't put aside their local pork-barrelling and elect some people to fix things!
We have no money for all these problems we have to deal with. And God help us, Iran. I'm not preachy, I'm scared. Because so far two major disasters with two warnings. What's next?! There's so much we haven't prepared for. And my place to start is where I'm at: law school, and thinking about how to fix that, because I think there's a better way. Because if we could come up with a system where people could choose how many hours they wanted to work, that would allow for more options. But Giffy your wrong - law firms all have a minimum billable hour and it is usually 2000. CLIENT billable. There's a lot of time in the office you can't bill. That's why you have to stay late, just to get that minimum BILLABLE time. And you work for a cheap client or one that's important, there may be some hours you have to work on a matter you can't bill. It's just the game. And we can't afford not to play it. Not with our debt. And it seems like citizens are going to have to start putting their heads together more to solve some problems, because our leaders are sh*t at doing so.
We lawyers are going to have to be in top shape financially, spiritually and emotionally because if you guys haven't checked, our ranks run everything. That's just a fact. And the solutions are going to have to come from our ranks. And it's going to take a lot of us to spend a little spare time thinking like citizens again. And I don't see it happening. Maybe it's just my school. That's why I came on here. To see if these things resonated with anyone else. I admit, my tone sounds preachy, but it's not meant that way. Maybe declarative to provoke response, but that's not always the most effective method, I concede. My voice is distorted by frustration, and I need to work on that. Plus, people think I'm partisan, and I'm not. I just think our leaders suck. We can keep the exact same numbers, but my goodness can't we fill the seats with some thinkers and compromisers, and all agree to a truce on the social issues tearing us apart. All sides? Gay marriage, abortion, prayer, right to die, medicinal marijuana, etc. Can't we just put those aside, all of us, collectively make some determination to keep the status quo on those isues, and deal with the immediate problems facing us?
I just...don't have any answers myself. I suppose this was my way of yelling it without actually doing so physically in the midst of these large classes, where nobody will even raise their hand to say whether they think Alito should or should not be confirmed. Because the future don't seem so bright right now...and I guess I just wish we'd all start talking about how to fix it, and stop listening to the generation that f**cked it up. And stop hating each other so much.
Re: The Fact Is, Profs Don't Use The Socratic Method
Reply #34 on:
January 26, 2006, 01:11:40 AM »
You are very preachy in your tone and demeanor. You are like the fire and brimstone priest I remember from the first church my parents took me to in Brooklyn. It scared the hell out of me. I avoid Catholic churches to this day.
Do you really expect your classmates to have the same attitude about the world as you? Some will be happy to graduate with their JD, some will be gone next year breathing a sigh of relief, and some will silently kick everyones academic ass and be totally unknown. How can you fault them for handling law school in their own way? You are obviously passionate about what you believe, in a slightly zealous way. Can't you come up with a plan to accomplish what you need to without turning off everyone you come in contact with (on this board)?
Re: The Fact Is, Profs Don't Use The Socratic Method
Reply #35 on:
January 26, 2006, 06:21:21 AM »
Just stick a fork in Chris's ass - he's done.
Re: The Fact Is, Profs Don't Use The Socratic Method
Reply #36 on:
January 26, 2006, 08:45:20 PM »
Wow, this is pretty pitiful. Chris is definitely the party who is in the right here. For all you law students: are personal attacks the only way you can think? Chris has some valid points, and is being pretty reasonable, and the best arguments you can make are little more than name-calling. Is this what law school teaches? If so, even more reform is needed than what Chris recommends.
Yes, he pounds the points over and over again (although this somewhat necessary in the politics of today.) Yes, his posts are like books when simple sentences would do. Yes, he mixes his point and his political views unnecessarily. But he does make valid points, and the best that the rest of you can do is "I bet you go to a crappy school."
Come on!
You are offended by his views and the best responses you can come up with only serve to feed his logic!
bet you are going to make poor lawyers if you can't see the illogic in your own responses.
Re: The Fact Is, Profs Don't Use The Socratic Method
Reply #37 on:
January 26, 2006, 08:52:26 PM »
Two quick points because I am tired and have had some wine tonight.
First, Just because some of us don't see the problem with LS does not mean we are not engaged with the world. I follow the news quite closely,, have friends in elected office, and am involved with many groups (from abortion rights to environmentalism). I am actually looking to possibly run for office in either 08 or 10.
Second, Not every attorney goes to work in a big firm. I dont have the numbers but I bet it is much less than 50%. Plus there are firms that have less than 2000 billables. I now of at least a few in Seattle that are around 1800. Even still I dont know of any real job (outside entertainment and sports) were you can make 80k plus to start and work less than 50-60 hours per week.
The problem I see with the way you come across is that you act like caring about your issue is a prerequisite for being a good person who is engaged with the world. You also seem to think that people who disagree with you or who don't conform to your expectations are not good or fulfilled people. I am not sure if you really feel this way or if it is just your writing style.
Chris Laurel
Re: The Fact Is, Profs Don't Use The Socratic Method
Reply #38 on:
January 27, 2006, 08:10:26 PM »
Interesting responses, and aside from Lincoln, well-thought.
Giffy: "The problem I see with the way you come across is that you act like caring about your issue is a prerequisite for being a good person who is engaged with the world. You also seem to think that people who disagree with you or who don't conform to your expectations are not good or fulfilled people. I am not sure if you really feel this way or if it is just your writing style."
Not at all. I am not talking about any issues that don't affect ALL of us. Although I propose changes to the JD program, I otherwise am only arguing our generation is not focusing on the problems we MUST deal with. Theres a lot of problems facing us.
Yes, my writing style is too wordy. I agree. I am too lazy to edit posts.
Giffy, I currently am in law school and I do not feel the program accurately measures our abilities. I feel it is too expensive, which keeps qualified (but poorer) people out, or makes us incur incredible debt. Those who take on the debt often are forced to work for the highest bidder.
I am not anti-large firm, but there is no variance in work schedules. So an attorney who wants to make partner yet, can bill 2200 hours a year to the client, but an attorney who wants to work a traditional schedule does not have that option. They are given projects that require them to stay in the office. Or they are senior and juniors can't do the work, or their minimum billables (2000) are low and that spells trouble for them. This is a fact not only in New York, but Denver, Colorado Springs, Houston, Austin, etc. (I personally know for those).
I would not argue what I argue if we could elect the track we wish to work. But law firms see your first three years as a time to squeeze as much work from you as possible. Whoever handled it best is seen as partner material. The others can languish, or are asked to leave. For instance, Hunton & Williams will ask any attorney who does not want to make partner to leave. I was told this at one of their socials.
The cost to educate ourselves limits our choices or limits our lifestyle. Or both. Then we are worked crazy hours. It's not 100% true, but it is indeed the norm.
I argue against this because 1. I see what it does to my friends and what it did to my sister before she left a large firm to work for the city prosecutor. She has had to default on her debt off and on it remains always over her head. But she wanted a family. 2. I'm not saying we are "Golden Children" but the reason we run almost everything is because we learn the history of the system, the reasoning behind it, and why some things are the way they are even if they seem unfair. For instance, we have always felt we would rather let a guilty murderer go free than execute an innocent man. It's a principle.
I make the connection between law school and the country for several reasons. First, there are very serious problems we have to confront, and both conservatives and liberals are pointing them out. It's just our leaders--who supposedly subscribe to those philosophies--who aren't listening. Because they care more about abortion, or gay marriage, or other social issues. That's fine, but right now there are more pressing issues.
My tone is more alarmist than preachy. I genuinely don't understand why we don't see how severe are the problems we face. Governor Corzine says, "It'll take a tragedy before they monitor the chemical storage plant." We learn there were red flags to prevent both 9/11 and N.O. I'm not blaming any political party. I'm blaming us. WE aren't focusing on these issues and forcing our leaders to deal with them. NARAL and Operation Rescue and Jay Sekulow and these other groups keep us distracted from problems that could kill people we know. It's happened twice already. I don't know why I come across as crazy or a henny-penny. I don't think it has anything to do with political parties. I just am surprised that in law school, an atmosphere MOST suited to discuss these threats, nobody will even register an opinion.
Like I said, I am not preaching because I am not telling you guys you are wrong or right. Just that I don't see us focusing on problems that could possibly hit us at any moment. It feels like we care more if we are "Democrat" or "Republican" and will listen to whatever those labels tell us, but those guys really have messed the country up for ALL OF US.
I'm not advocating anything. I began these threads with ideas and proposals. Sorry if I sound hellfire and brimstone, but it's not like the sources who are warning us are conspiracy theorists and fringe activists. Greenspan, in his last speech, cautioned the economy. So did The Economist. But Bush thinks all is good. It sucks, because conservative fiscal policies worked for us for so long, and they aren't enacting them. Our politicians not only lie, but go completely against what they espouse. Yet they say their ideas get them elected.
I'm just surprised others aren't as concerned. Because this problem is going to land right in our laps. We laugh about how we'll never see Social Security as if it's a joke and doesn't matter...I've done it too. But we do nothing about it. We demand nothing to fix it. I just don't get it, is all. It's not preachy - because I don't have any answers myself. I just wish we'd start thinking about it.
Re: The Fact Is, Profs Don't Use The Socratic Method
Reply #39 on:
January 27, 2006, 10:19:55 PM »
chris i think your right about how apathetic this generation is to politics. one of the reasons i want to start law school in august is to find educated people who care about world events. i have been told by lots of people that im out of luck. Since u have been worrying about how to fix problems i will tell u how to fix one. all u have to do is raise the social security tax by 3.8 percent today or cut benefits by 12.9 percent today and social security will be saved. ah the joys of a degree in economics.
Law School Discussion
Law Students
Current Law Students
The Fact Is, Profs Don't Use The Socratic Method


text:
The moral hand is a metaphor of five basic ethical principles, one for each finger, summarizing coherent ethic. It is the result of a ten year study of ethics and it captures my complete ethical system. Each principle generates a principle of equality. To start a discussion on e.g. animal rights and veganism, I will apply the five principles to our consumption of animal products.
-The thumb: the principle of universalism. You must (may) do what everyone who is capable must (may) do in all morally similar situations towards all morally equal individuals. Prejudicial discrimination is immoral. We should give the good example, even if others don't. Just like we have to place the thumb against the other fingers in order to grasp an object, we have to apply the principle of universalism to the other four basic principles.
-The forefinger: justice and the value of lifetime well-being. Increase the well-being (over a complete life) of all sentient beings alive in the present and the future, whereby improvements of the worst-off positions (the worst sufferers, the beings who have the worst lives) have a strong priority. Lifetime well-being is the value you would ascribe when you would live the complete life of a sentient being, and is a function of all positive (and negative) feelings that are the result of (dis)satisfaction of preferences: of of everything (not) wanted by the being.
-The middle finger: the mere means principle and the basic right to bodily autonomy. Never use the body of a sentient being as merely a means to someone else's ends, because that violates the right to bodily autonomy. The two words "mere means" refer to two conditions, respectively: 1) if in order to reach and end (e.g. saving someone) you push a sentient being to do or undergo something that the being does not want, and 2) if the body of that sentient being is necessary as a means for that end, then you are not allowed to treat that being in that way. A sentient being is a being who has developed the capacity to want something by having positive and negative feelings, and who has not yet permanently lost this capacity. The middle finger is a bit longer than the forefinger, and so the basic right is a bit stronger than the lifetime well-being (e.g. the right to live). The basic right can only be violated when the forefinger principle of well-being is seriously threatened.
-The ring finger: naturalness and the value of biodiversity. If a behavior violates the forefinger or middle finger principles, the behavior is still allowed (but not obligatory) only if that behavior is both natural (a direct consequence of spontaneous evolution), normal (frequent) and necessary (important for the survival of sentient beings). As a consequence predators are allowed to hunt. Just as lifetime well-being is the value of a sentient being, biodiversity is the value of an ecosystem and is a function of the variation of life forms and processes that are a direct consequence of natural evolution. The valuable biodiversity would drastically decrease if a behavior that is natural, normal and necessary would be universally prohibited (universally, because you have to put the thumb against the ring finger).
-The little finger: tolerated partiality and the value of personal relationships. Just as the little finger can deviate a little bit from the other fingers, a small level of partiality is allowed. When helping others, you are allowed to be a bit partial in favor of your loved ones, as long as you are prepared to tolerate similar levels of partiality of everyone else (everyone, because you have to put the thumb against the little finger).
-The palm: universal love and solidarity. Do not hate or despise anyone. Love all living beings with respect and compassion. The palm holds the moral fingers together.
The forefinger, middle finger, ring finger and little finger correspond with resp. a welfare ethic, a rights ethic, an environmental ethic and an ethic of care.
These five fingers produce five principles of equality.
-The thumb: the formal principle of impartiality and antidiscrimination. We should treat all equals equally in all equal situations. We should not look at arbitrary characteristics linked to individuals. This is a formal principle, because it does not say how we should treat someone. The other four principles are material principles of equality. They have specific content and are generated when the thumb is applied to the four fingers.
-The forefinger: the principle of priority for the worst-off. As a result of this priority, we have an egalitarian principle of well-being: if total lifetime well-being is constant between different situations, then the situation which has the most equal distribution of well-being is the best.
-The middle finger: basic right equality. All sentient beings with equal levels of morally relevant mental capacities get an equal claim to the basic right not to be used as merely a means to someone else's ends.
-The ring finger: behavioral fairness. All natural beings have an equal right to a behavior that is both natural, normal and necessary (i.e. a behavior that contributes to biodiversity). E.g. if a prey is allowed to eat in order to survive, a predator is allowed to do so as well (even if it means eating the prey).
-The little finger: tolerated choice equality. Everyone is allowed to be partial to an equal degree that we can tolerate. If you choose to help individual X instead of individual Y, and if you tolerate that someone else would choose to help Y instead of X, then X and Y have a tolerated choice equality (even if X is emotionally more important for you than Y).
The five moral fingers can be applied to the production and consumption of animal products (meat, fish, eggs, dairy, leather, fur,…):
-The forefinger: compared to humans, livestock animals are in the worst-off position due to suffering and early death. The loss of lifetime well-being of the livestock animals is worse than the loss of well-being that humans would experience when they are no longer allowed to consume animal products. Livestock and fisheries violate the forefinger principle of well-being.
-The middle finger: the consumption of animal products almost always involves the use of animals as merely means, hence violating the mere means principle of the middle finger.
-The ring finger: animal products are not necessary for humans, because a well-planned vegan diet is not unhealthy (according to the Academy of Nutrition & Dietetics). Biodiversity will not decrease when we would stop consuming animal products (on the contrary, according to UN FAO the livestock sector is likely the most important cause of biodiversity loss). Hence, the value of biodiversity cannot be invoked to justify the consumption of animal products.
-The little finger: we would never tolerate the degree of partiality that is required to justify livestock farming and fishing. Hence, tolerated partiality cannot be invoked to justify the consumption of animal products.
It follows that veganism is ethically consistent, and the production and consumption of animal products are ethically inconsistent.
-The thumb: give the good example, even when other people continue consuming animal products. From this principle, it follows that veganism is a moral duty.
Views: 1420
Can you show that it is the livestock industry that drives the grain and soy expansion? Up until a few decades ago, cattle, for example, were raised in pastures. The use of grains is a more recent development in agriculture in the US.
You just offered vegan agriculture as an alternative that would function as a solution. What about replacing a lot of the fields with pasture and allowing cattle to graze? For some reason that seems like an alternative that includes livestock production and is less destructive. In fact, the reason it is so inefficient to raise cattle now is because they do not easily digest grains. It is a race to see which kills the cattle first, the butcher's knife or sickness. They should be pastured rather than confined to feed lots where the only food offered to them is not the source they are adapted to.
The dive of the soy expansion (livestock) is studied by the FAO. See also "The Protein puzzle" and other studies. Extensive (pasture) livestock farming is in some sense less efficient than current (cropland) intensive livestock farming in terms of production per unit input. You need more pasture land. It is possible that a much lower meat consumption, such that only the less productive pasture lands are used for livestock, might be more efficient than a pure vegan agriculture, but that difference is uncertain and small, and livestock generates a violation of the mere means principle that will easily trump the slight uncertain increase in efficiency. We don't have to use maximally efficient agriculture if we violate someone's basic right to bodily autonomy.
If we could safely turn omnivores in herbivores, if that is feasible, then we should do so, indeed. As B12 supplementation requires a conscious proces, it is not natural, indeed. It's like toothpaste: we need it due to a unnatural diet. Eating meat is not necessary, not even for athletes, sayd the academy of nutrition and dietetics. We can thrive just the same.
Animals may always be killed in agriculture. But the accidental death of mice on soy crop fields is not the same as using animals as merely a means (because the mice do not have to be present for our food production). All we have to do is minimize harm by being more careful, using mice-friendly agricultural practices (no pesticides, less tilling,..). The same for monocultures that destroy biodiversity: use agro-ecology. Luckily, the environmental impact of a plant-based diet is less than our omnivorous diet. Indeed there are new ways to raise crops that better respect the five principles, but new ways for livestock are impossible: they always violate the mere means principle. Livestock farming can improve on well-being (forefinger) and biodiversity (ring finger), but less so than vegan agriculture, and it cannot imprive on the mere means principle which is automatically satisfied in vegan agriculture. So you see how the five fingers work together towards veganism.
No, it looks like you want them to, but they don't necessarily.
You say that it is impossible due to the fact that it violates your five finger principle. Considering that your five finger principle was created with veganism in mind, that's not surprising. To ignore other options that can be involved in raising cattle, such as a local system, pasturing cattle, etc, is to ignore viable options that are less harmful or maybe even slightly beneficial by getting rid of some of the monoculture that exists today.
An unnatural diet is the reason we need toothpaste. An unnatural diet is the reason we need B12. Shouldn't we not only use it to help us overcome the unnatural diet, but also try to figure out what it is about our unnatural diet that is causing the need for it? Band-aid solutions don't solve underlying problems.
I had veganism in mind when I constructed the five fingers, yes. But I tried to falsify veganism, derive a consistent ethic that satisfies my most basic moral values and intuitions, and that allows meat consumption. I did not succeed, in fact, I moved towards the five fingers that way.
Monocultures are often bad, but that is not related to veganism and livestock farming: both can operate with and without annual monocultures. The benefices of pasture farming do not trump the mere means principle. Using pasture livestock can only be allowed if either human slavery or discrimination are allowed, so I'd say we stick to antislavery and antidiscrimination, at the cist of oving towards a vegan agriculture (that is feasible and will increase food security and environmental efficiency compared to the current system)
There is nothing intrinsically wrong with unnatural diets. Unnaturalness is dificult to define (the best I can come up with is captured in the ring finger principle, related to the value of biodiversity). the only problematic diets are the ones that cause harm, are unhealthy or have a high environmental impact. But naturalness as a lot of people use it, sounds like a religious kind of purity. Just do something unnatural if it is moral.
It's like toothpaste: we need it due to a unnatural diet.
We don't need toothpaste because of our unnatural diet—that's silly. We invented toothpaste because it cleans our mouths better. It is a technology. It would have had the same benefit for cavemen as it currently has for us.
I was informed differently. I thought indigeneous people and animals in the wild are less vulnerable to dental caries. We consume too much sugar, starch, soft drinks...
Unseen, most people have the intuition that causing unnecessary suffering is not allowed. Your trivial needs do not trump someone's more basic needs. It is not a definite truth, because there are no truths in ethics. But it is a moral value that most people, except that most people are vulnerable to moral illusions, which means that they are not consistent in applying those values. They want animal welfare laws to protect animals from unnecessary suffering, but still they cause unnecessary suffering.
Pets, like children, are not necessarily slaves. Breeding and selling pets, that is slavery indeed. Adopting pets and taking care of animals is fine.
"Intuition" is a meaningless word to me. I perceive, I think, I don't intuit.
Good, so it's not a fact that we need to protect animals. It's in that vague and blurry area you describe as a "moral value." Some people's moral values include stoning adulterers, never planting two crops in the same field, lynching blacks, eradicating Jews, and so on. So, there's nothing particularly good about a moral value. So, how do we know a good moral value, then?
Setting aside how one knows The Good, values are basically nothing more than attitudes. If one feels a need to protect animals, of course they'll develop the attitudes to go along with their inclinations.
If you're peddling the idea that most people feel this or that, a forum populated almost entirely by skeptics is the wrong place, but I do have to admire your pluck.
As for your inconsistency regarding pets, if we are to ascribe rights to pets similar to those we ascribe to humans, certainly a right to self-determination is among them. In other words, to be free from even well-intentioned adoption and body modifications. We spay our cats, but our cats would certainly prefer to mate and have kittens and, generally, to be cats. No?
On the other side of the coin, if we set their rights aside in order to promote animal welfare, why stop with cats and dogs? The population of humans is getting out of control and threatening the planet in a way cats and dogs never could! The idea that we should do it for animals but not people...is that not speciesist?
Sorry Unseen, but you do intuit :-) Unless you are psychologically so special? but then I want to do psychological research on you.
From within my system of ethics (a coherent system based on my moral values), I can see what values are immoral. Values are attitudes, yes. But I put a strong constraint on them: consistency!.That is the key. Most people who believe in God are atheists (they don't believe in zeus, apollo, krishna,...), but they are inconsistent atheists. You see? People who consistently believe in all possible gods, are at least consistent. But these people are rare, I don't know anyone like that. People who consistently believe in lynching blacks, are rare as well.
Spaying cats is for the benefit of (other) cats, birds,... And it does not harm cats too much. Spayung humans is an option, and yes there is human overpopulation, but for humans we have another equally efficient and more ethical option than forced sterilization: creating fair circumstances for a voluntary pregnancy limitation, using family planning techniques. So we should invest in family planning, give money to IPPF, UNFPA,... That is what I do. Family planning and veganism are the two major win-win-win-win situations (yes, at least four wins for both, that's a record ;-) ).
Religious? How so? I don't tithe for it. I don't go to worship services. I don't participate in any ceremonies to honor it. So, you need to be careful what you conclude based on how things "sound" to you.
You do believe that every species acts according to its nature, don't you? It's the nature of birds to fly, fish to swim, tigers to kill, etc. And each over time has established a feeding pattern indigenous to that species. That's not religion; that's an observation.
If one day a miraculous tiger were born with the intelligence of a human such that he could comprehend your philosophy, would you say it's the duty of that tiger to become a vegetarian?
Stijn Bruers:
Unseen, I was refering to this kind of naturalness=purity analogy. (religious ethics often contains the notion of purity) It seems very problematic to consistently ascribe moral value to those kinds of naturalness that people (like you?) refer to. If those people have to define the concept of naturalness, that is already difficult, and then we can demonstrate that according to their definition, something immoral would be allowed, because it corresponds with the definition. For example, rape can be considered as a natural act if you don't watch out with your definition. And then there is the danger of the naturalistic fallacy... Not easy, working with a notion of naturalness in a consistent way in ethics
A species is an abstract (and very complicated to define) set of beings. I don't see how abstract sets can act according to a kind of nature. Be aware of essentialistic thinking, because that violates evolutionary biology. (and penguins are birds that don't fly ;-) ). Yes, its in our nature to eat, if that means that we develloped mechanisms to eat, we need food to survive, and we do eat something. But what we eat, is open. And we have no problem with wide openness in diets. We even like to eat things that do not grow in nature (cookies...), we even drink milk from other mammals, we brush our teeth,... Why should you make so much noise about naturalness? I can agree that if naturalness relates to biodiversity, it relates to something that is at least a bit meaningful to give a moral value. But that is not what you mean, is it?
The intelligent tiger argument is discussed in my book I referred to. That tiger is still allowed to eat meat if he does not have a healthy alternative. For that tiger, meat remains natural, normal and necessary, meaning that if that tiger is not allowed to eat meat, then no predator is, resulting in huge biodiversity loss.
I'm not arguing purity or anything ethical. I'm arguing that what's natural is what a species normally does as an expression of its nature. If you're going to argue that, actually, there is no such thing as a creature's nature, then you're going to have say that it's just a huge coincidence that all hawks kill mice, birds, and other prey items, that it's a coincidence that all cows like eating grass, and that it's a coincidence that wolves and people are omnivorous.
The so-called "naturalistic fallacy" doesn't enjoy the status of a formal fallacy. There's no way to prove it the way we can demonstrate the invalidity of a syllogism. If you accept it, fine. I'm under no obligation to do so. I do think species act in a consistent way we can call their nature. Defining a species is hardly impossible, and for higher creatures it's really quite easy: if two types of beings (e.g., dogs and wolves) can mate and produce viable offspring, they are the same species. If not (e.g., horses mating with donkeys, producing barren mules), then they are different species.
Penguins are the so-called "exception that proves the rule" the rule being that birds fly, except for some descended from ones who did. BTW, penguins do fly...under water. Their wings are simply adapted to an aquatic life.
Yes, its in our nature to eat, if that means that we develloped mechanisms to eat, we need food to survive, and we do eat something. But what we eat, is open.
Hence, we are omnivores, and the omnivorous diet is the best one for those of us who don't want to sit down and make sure we got enough of this and enough of that. It's the easiest diet to maintain. A vegetable-based diet is like hopping on one leg by comparison. So, our omnivorous diet is natural, and it's only open if we want to ignore our natural inclinations.
The intelligent tiger argument is discussed in my book I referred to. That tiger is still allowed to eat meat if he does not have a healthy alternative. For that tiger, meat remains natural, normal and necessary, meaning that if that tiger is not allowed to eat meat, then no predator is, resulting in huge biodiversity loss.
But wouldn't the world be a far better place for their prey items if tigers and other predators didn't exist at all? Basically, for you predators are bad beings we sadly need to tolerate, hoping someday that we can get them on a healthy vegetable diet.
your concept of a creature's nature is still a mystery to me. Either it is something mysterious, or it is very trivial. So trivial that it is ethically irrelevant, like "natural is just what someone does"; try to apply this to a murderer... (yes, what a coincidence that all murderers kill, and yes, the act of a murder is consistent with being a murderer) What do you mean with acting in a consistent way?
Yes, you refer to an easy definition, although that definition becomes complicated: if you and I happen to be infertile, we still belong to the same species, because you have close family members that could have gotten fertile ofspring with some of my close family members. But the taking such counterfactuals into account... Anyway, let's say it is a nice and clean definition. Then what? What is the moral relevance of having close family members who could have fertile offspring with others? Why close family members, why offspring, why fertile? Such a rule is way to farfetched.
Yes, penguins are exceptions. But all in all that is morally irrelevant. There no essence related to birds (some birds don't fly, some non-birds do fly), and even if there was such an essence, it would not yet be morally relevant. It becomes relevant only if the essence is something that matters from an impartial point of view, such as sentience (having a well-being), or when it is related to a moral virtue (such as compassion), or when there is a non-farfectched link between the essence and rights (e.g. sentient beings have and experience interests, rights are tools to protect interests, so this link is not farfetched in a rights ethic. Other examples: in a fairness ethic: being able to cooperate; in a social contract ethic: being able to make agreements; in a duty ethic: being able to understand duties,...).
I said what we eat is open. I don't eat meat. So I am not an omnivore. But I am a human. By the way, omnivorous need to make sure that they get enough of this and enough of that as well. If they don't get enough protein, it is unhealthy, so they should not forget to eat protein food. But the same applies to vegans. What is the difference between not forgetting steak and not forgetting seitan? An omnivore diet is easier, because it's a habit and accessible in stores. But as it is inconsistent with an ethic based on the values of impartiality, well-being, autonomy and biodiversity, we have to make sure that a vegan diet becomes easier.
As a vegan I am not hopping on one leg. In fact, I eat a much much higher variety of food products compared to an average omnivore. Increasing this variety with animal products is like having ten different colours of m&m's, and now you add another color. It's no real difference. Are you really willing to hurt someone, to harm someone, just for this extra color? How irrationally greedy could that be? There are thousands of vegan recipes, isn't that enough?
And be aware of those 'natural inclinations'. Before you know it, rape and violance are natural in a similar way... I don't care about natural inclinations if they are not fixed, I care about ethics: compassion, impartiality, well-being,...
Finally, as predators harm others, we should hope for healthy feasible vegan diets for them. It might have been better if they never existed, but now we are not allowed to wipe them out.

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Milwaukee, WI (Sports Network) - Albert Pujols was a hitting machine Monday night in Milwaukee, going 4-for-5 with five RBI and three runs scored to help the Cardinals crush the Brewers, 12-3, in Game 2 of the National League Championship Series.
Pujols had a homer and three doubles for St. Louis, which bounced back from a 9-6 loss on Sunday.
Nick Punto added two runs batted in for the Cardinals, who are back in this round for the 10th time in team history and the first time since 2006 when they won the World Series.
St. Louis starter Edwin Jackson gave up two runs on seven hits over 4 1/3 innings. Lance Lynn (1-0) recorded the final two outs in the fifth to pick up the win.
Prince Fielder and Rickie Weeks homered for the NL Central-champion Brewers, who excelled at home during the regular season, setting a franchise record by going 57-24. Milwaukee went on to win all three games at home against the Arizona Diamondbacks in the NLDS before winning the first game of this best- of-seven series.
Shaun Marcum (0-2) allowed five runs on seven hits over four innings for Milwaukee, which is in a League Championship Series for the first time since 1982 when it beat the Angels in the ALCS before falling to St. Louis in the World Series.
Game 3 will take place in St. Louis on Wednesday at 8:05 p.m. (et). Yovani Gallardo of the Brewers will be opposed by Chris Carpenter.


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Led Piliers 2009 Syrah. Chocolate and dark fruit. Delicious. 88.
Clayhouse Wines Adobe Red Central Coast 2009+
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Clayhouse Adobe Red 2009. Juicy and fairly full. Nicely balanced and largely enjoyable. 88.
Opolo Vineyards Summit Creek Zinfandel Paso Robles 2011
5 years ago
A beautiful ruby full of ultra-ripe fruit - cherry, pomegranate. A luscious, ripe Zin. 88.
Chronic Sofa King Bueno
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Sofa King Bueno 2011 Paso Robles. 79% Syrah, 12% Mourvedre, 5% Petite Syrah, 4% Grenache. Fruity plum character and higher acid levels with mils tannins. Doesn't deliver on the fruit the way you'd expect and never really comes together. Drinkable nonetheless. 85.
Wild Horse Winery & Vineyards Chardonnay Centra Coast 2011
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Wild Horse Chardonnay - Central Coast 2011. A blend of fruit and oak that some how ends up a zero sum. Okay, but not great. 83.
Troublemaker Wine
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Austin Hope Troublemaker, nv. Plum, almost prune character, but balanced with acidity and mild tannins. Grenache and ripe syrah varietals stand out. good value. 87.
Layer Cake Malbec Vintage 2011
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What you'd expect from a Malbec. No surprises - fairly ordinary. 82.
Rombauer Vineyards Chardonnay 2011
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Subtle aromas lead to a giant, buttery Chard, with hints of apple and cinnamon. Outstanding. 90.
Layer Cake Primitivo Igt Puglia 2010
5 years ago
Layer Cake 2010 Primitivo. Puglia. Wonderful. Fruit and chocolate immediately on the palate with a n acidic finish. Complex and superb. 90.
Bally Temecula Valley Estate Bottled m&m 2008
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Baily 2008 M&M. Merlot and Malbec. Rich and fruit forward, dense. Nice! 86.
Elk Cove Vineyards Pinot Noir Rose 2012
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Elk Cone 2012 Pinot Noir Rose - Willamette Valley. Perfectly pleasant for summer. Well balanced and extremely approachable. 87.
Thacher Syrah 2009
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Thacher 2009 Syrah Coast View Vineyard. Reflects it's cooler weather climate in being more subtle. Nuanced berry with smoke and spice. Well done. 86.
Cotes Du Rhone Aoc
5 years ago
Cotes du Rhone AOC from Costco. Dominated by strong earthy character that masks other characteristics of a Rhone blend. **note - significantly opened up after a day. Too young. 78.
Qupe Syrah Central Coast 2010
5 years ago
Qupe 2010 Syrah - Central Coast. Aromatic and fairly light. Fruit up front with surprisingly long finish. A nice wine! 86.
Carmenere Reserve Barrel Santa Ema 2009
5 years ago
Carmenere reserve 2009 Santa ema barrel select. Deep hues and earthy aromas. Mild tannins and soft fruit, higher acidity. Slightly underwhelming / thin. 80.
Thacher Gsm 2010
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38% Grenache, 31% Syrah, 31% Mourvedre. Aromatic and fuller bodied. Spice and plum with acidic finish. Will shine best with food due to flavor complexity. 86.
Roussanne Tolosa 2011
5 years ago
2011 Tolosa Roussanne. Bright aromas, but underwhelming and inexpressive. Mineral aftertaste. 79.
Callia Malbec 2011
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Callia Alta 2011 Malbec. Dry and acidic, soft tannins, earth and mild fruit. Well balanced and pleasant. 85.
Thatcher Viognier 2011
5 years ago
Surprising taste for a Viognier. Something in the process obscured the grape's true character, but still somehow pleasant. 83.
Petite Sirah Dry Creek Valley 2011
5 years ago
Preston of Dry Creek Petite Sirah 2011. Organic grapes. Lots of acid and lingering tannins and lighter fruit expression. Interesting and enjoyable. 86.
Articondo Grassini Family Vineyard Wine
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Grassini 2010. Cab, Merlot, Petit Verdot. A big, ripe Bordeaux. Grape jam on the nose, with plum and dark fruit and mild acid. Light oak. An uncharacteristic Bordeaux, but wonderful. 89.


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For the first time since fiscal year 2008-09, California students will see increases instead of decreases in school, college and university funding.
"We have more work ahead of us before California classrooms are made whole, but the governor's budget plan offers a substantial down payment on what our students are owed and what the voters wanted to make right by approving Proposition 30," said Sen. Marty Block during a town hall meeting at University City High School in April.
Of the governor's nearly $100 billion allotted for general fund expenditures, the budget proposes more than $50 billion for K-12 education, a five percent increase over last year.
The most substantial change in the budget proposal for K-12 education is the shift in control of school finances from the state to the local level through a new local control funding formula.
"The local funding formula will do two things: it will give more money to districts that have a high percentage of low-income students and English-learner students, and San Diego Unified is one of those districts that will benefit," said Block. "It will also then give each district more flexibility in terms of how to spend the money."
Under the formula, each district will receive a base grant that varies by grade span. Supplemental grants will be generated for students who are English learners, eligible for free or reduced-price meals or in foster care, and concentration grants will be provided for districts with high concentrations of these special needs.
While San Diego Unified School District (SDUSD) may benefit using the formula because of its high concentration of low-income and English language learner students, California school districts with fewer low-income or special needs will receive less funding.
"Our board passed a resolution very strongly in favor of this," said SDUSD president John Lee Evans at the town hall.
In San Diego Unified, one-quarter of the district's students are English-language learners and a whopping two-thirds live at or below the poverty level, he said.
"The governor made it very clear that the needs of the schools in Compton are not equal to the needs of the schools in Beverly Hills, so we really need to make these adjustments on the statewide level," he said.
To hold the districts accountable, each California school district, direct-funded charter school and county office of education would be required to establish a local control and accountability plan that aligns with the entity's annual budget and spending plan. The plans must identify how state funding received through the new formula will be used to improve student achievement, graduation rates, college and career readiness and other conditions.
To shed light on what San Diego Unified's plan might look like, Evans highlighted the district's "Vision 2020" plan, which outlines several long-term goals the district hopes to achieve.
"While we were facing the budget crisis starting in 2009, we said we're still going to make a long-term plan. We really need to have a vision with this district in spite of these problems. Otherwise, we're just going to be patching our way ahead from one year to the next without making any real changes," he said.
The long-range goals include finding better ways to test student achievement that go beyond state test scores, establishing a bottom-up approach for decision-making in the district, making teaching more effective in the classroom, finding ways to better engage parents, and ensuring each neighborhood houses a quality school.
As Brown's budget proposal moves forward, Evans said he will keep a keen eye on the intricacies of the proposal to ensure all students have the best opportunity for a bright future.
"The devil's in the details, so we'll watch very closely how that proceeds," he said.
The deadline for final legislative action on the budget is June 15, and the budget will take effect on July 1.


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Edge's career can be defined by any number of things.
You need look no further than the Canadian-born legend's pro wrestling resume:
-- An 11-time World Wrestling Entertainment World Champion;
-- One of the most decorated superstars in WWE history, having captured 31 championships in a career that spanned some 15 years;
-- He was an integral part (along with his best friend Christian) of one of the greatest -- if not the greatest -- eras of tag-team wrestling in history;
-- At 38 years young, he's a WWE Hall of Famer, inducted by his best friend Christian.
Those are just some of his accomplishments. What can't be measured are the countless fans he has won over along the way, the kids who ask for an Edge T-shirt, the fans who cart signs to live events professing their admiration for the self-proclaimed Rated-R superstar; the people willing to wait for hours in line for a photograph, an autograph or just a simple hello.
Yes, Edge can be defined in so many ways. And deservedly so.
But Adam Copeland, the man behind the moniker, remains the humble Canadian today he was when he set out down that path of greatness.
While his former employer, WWE, possessing the rights to the name Edge, it's Copeland who holds all the memories. The fact that he no longer controls the name he helped define doesn't bother him.
"For me, Edge was just a character," he said during a telephone interview this week. "I never introduced myself as (him). I never really worried about what people can advertise me as. It doesn't really matter to me. I've always just introduced myself as Adam Copeland.
"I never really thought too much about it," he added.
Since abruptly retiring from pro wrestling on April 11, 2011 at the urging of doctors, Copeland has kept busy, filming various projects, making occasional appearances and adjusting to life after wrestling.
His schedule now is vastly different from his days of travelling from city to city, sometimes country to country, all in the name of sports entertainment.
What then, is a typical week in the life of this retired superstar?
"It varies week to week now," Copeland said. "Whereas before it was pretty standard ... travel four to five days a week, and then try and recoup and refill the tank for two days, now ... I'll be gone for six weeks, then come back, have two weeks, then be gone for a weekend, then come back and have a week and a half. It's kind of all over the place in that respect. I was gone for most of the summer, to Halifax to shoot (the television series) Haven.
"Did that, and put off my neck surgery to do this appearance for Tommy," Copeland said.
That appearance would be the debut House of Hardcore show, which happens Saturday night in Poughkeepsie, N.Y. The Tommy to which he refers is Dreamer, the legendary hardcore wrestler, the brainchild of House of Hardcore and one of Copeland's best friends.
"Ah, Tommy, Tommy," Copeland mused, when asked about his relationship with Dreamer. "He is a complete moron; and generally that's what I seem to surround myself with," he joked. "You get me, him and Christian into a room -- and then you throw Kane in as the straight man -- it's just ... ridiculousness," he offered, before turning serious.
"We've travelled a lot together," Copeland said of Dreamer. "I'd be on generally last, and pretty exhausted after a 40-minute match or something ... pretty beat up. Tommy would always grab the keys and drive and he's not the greatest driver. He's afraid of very weird things like purple lightning at night, tornadoes and fog ... it's a bad combination for driving, but I just let him."
He paused.
"Great stories, great memories ... and he just always has the ability to make me laugh," he added.
Helping out his friend with his debut show was a no-brainer for Copeland.
"When (Dreamer) was talking about doing the show and everything, I was like �well I'm supposed to get neck surgery, we're trying to do it sometime in October, but maybe if we push it back till November, I can get the show in, do that and then ... I can enjoy my October and then go under the knife.' "
Neck surgery is pretty serious business. Putting that off in the name of friendship speaks loudly of the relationship.
"There are few people I can honestly say from the industry that I'll maintain contact with. You can probably count them on one hand, maybe if you're pushing it, two," Copeland said, emphasizing the words probably and maybe. "And Tommy would be one of them, without a doubt."
Obviously fans won't be treated to a Copeland match, but that doesn't mean he won't contribute.
"It's strange in a way, because it's my first non-WWE thing I've done since, like '97," he said.
Asked if he has had any ill feelings come his way from his former employer over doing the House of Hardcore gig, he quickly answered no.
"Haven't heard a thing," Copeland said. "All I hear is from people saying �it's on the Internet,' which, it's got to be true then ..." he said, sarcastically.
While on the subject, he quickly cleared up a rumour that eminated from his recent WWE SmackDown! appearance in Philadelphia, after which he was reported to have have been offered another contract by WWE.
"I wasn't offered another contract. I don't know where people get their news from," he added, calling the appearance "another day at the office."
If there are bad feelings out there, Copeland said, "nobody has said anything to me."
The site of the House of Hardcore show, the Mid-Hudson Civic Center, is a place Copeland is very familiar with.
"(I've) been in Poughkeepsie, actually at the Mid-Hudson, quite a few times over the years with WWE," he said. "I know that building and the parking at the side. I always remember places by the parking. I remember the parking there for the boys was really bad," he added, even managing to remember his his last appearance there. "I think the last time I was there, I wrestled Randy Orton."
What, Copeland was asked, does House of Hardcore present for the wrestling industry?
"I think it can be a place that I know Tommy kind of wants it to be -- where guys can have a little bit more freedom to maybe not have quite as many restraints," he said. "That doesn't mean light bulbs or any of that crap. I think it just (means) if guys want to go out and try some different things, they'll have the freedom to do it.
"And I'm sure they'll be told �hey, that didn't work,' but you don't know unless you try. I think you'll probably have the Young Bucks and (Brian) Kendrick and (Paul) London go out and try a million things," he said of some of the stars on tap at the debut show. "Half of them might work, half of them might not, but it will be cool to watch the process of what does and doesn't. Or where things should be tweaked."
Which brings Copeland back to more of his reasons for wanting to be there, beside his friend Dreamer, on his big night.
"I told Tommy ... �man I don't mind helping out, helping guys put their ideas together in a way that makes sense, or helping guys after the fact if they want,' and just kind of being hands-on with (Dreamer) in the back and help him out in that respect."
"I've had a lot of young guys come up and ask me throughout the years, and it's always nice to see them implemented and then when it works, it's even nicer. It's like �OK, good, I didn't give bad advice.' But I've never been in a backstage role where I wasn't also wrestling, too. That could be kind of neat, just to, I guess for lack of a better term, kind of give back in that respect."
And, of course, it doesn't hurt to have a Hall of Fame superstar on hand for the fans.
"What I can do is still sign autographs, and meet people and take pictures and things like that," Copeland added.
"I don't know what I'll be doing. I told him �you know, if you want to do a promo, we can do that too.' It'll be cool. Rhino's there and he's one of the handful," he added, referring to those he considers his true friends.
Where Copeland goes after House of Hardcore, neck surgery and rehab remains to be seen.
"I have a couple of appearances and then I'm at the New York Comic Con with the Haven cast. Then from there I've cleared the docket just to be able to recuperate from the neck surgery and then I figured I'd take it from there."
While some might shudder at the unknown, Copeland is not among them.
"I kind of like the fact that it's wide open to go after whatever I want. It's nice to not feel constrained and go �OK, well I have to get back to do this.' No, for the time, this is my fourth surgery, and this is the first time where I can go �OK, I can just take my time, recuperate, not kill myself in the gym with rehab and therapy to get back. It's my neck, so there's not a lot of therapy I can do anyway. I just kind of have to sit there and let it heal. It's a nice place to be ... to kind of have the reins on my future."
While he's not sure what is next move is, Copeland is certain about one thing: he has no regrets.
For those who wondered if anyone foresaw the abrupt end of his career because of neck injuries, not even the man himself was 100% sure.
"None of us did," Copeland said. "I knew there were issues, but we didn't the extent of what the issues were. It kind of caught all of us -- me probably least of all just because I was like �whoa, something weird is happening here...' I knew something (was wrong). No one else really knew because I didn't tell anybody else. I think Christian was the only who knew because he rode with me. And he knows me. Him, I'll confide in. And Tommy, there were nights where he carried my bags up for me because I had no strength in my arms. He knew, too. But generally, it was like you just go out, you do your thing and you don't say anything and then you get back and you do it again."
While a case can be made that having one's career cut short by a neck injury is far from the storybook ending, there is no disputing the that Adam Copeland fulfilled his boyhood dreams. Heck, he lived them, exceeded them, lived them again and exceeded even those.
Not even he -- as a young Hulkamaniac in Orangeville, or as a student under the guidance of influential trainers like Ron Hutchison or Sweet Daddy Siki -- could have predicted what the future had in store. And what he had in store for the future.
"I knew certain things," he said. "I knew I?was going to get to the WWE. I never doubted that. I assumed I'd do good. I never thought it would get to the point that it did. At a certain point, I think it was like the third World title, it was like �huh,' �alright.' And then the eight past that was just like �OK, now it's getting ridiculous. This is awesome, but never expected that' ... never expected to be retiring at 37 ... never expected to be in the Hall of Fame by 38. Those are things you can't expect. It just kind of things that'll blow you away and (make you) kind of go �wow, that was pretty awesome.' It was a charmed career."
A charmed career, indeed.
Defined by any number of things.
Jan Murphy is the news editor at the Kingston Whig-Standard and has written about wrestling for 15 years. He's on Twitter too.


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If the horrific garment factory collapse last month in Bangladesh has any silver lining, it is the response from more than 30 of the world's leading apparel companies — including Benetton, PVH, Abercrombie & Fitch, H&M, Inditex (Zara), Marks & Spencer and Tesco — to sign an agreement to protect the safety and lives of that nation's workers, who make the companies' products.
The Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh is a historic advance over the voluntary private factory monitoring that has tragically failed to prevent the recent disasters in Bangladesh and in places around the world where clothes are stitched for the global market. The signatory firms have made a legally binding five-year commitment to establish a monitoring regime in which workers and their unions will participate, and to pay enough money into the system to fix the problems it uncovers.
Given the importance of this accord, it is disturbing that two major American firms have been unwilling to sign the agreement. Wal-Mart announced Wednesday that it would be launching its own (much weaker) initiative, while Gap — the world's third-largest apparel company — has refused to join, citing concerns about liability related to the agreement's provision for legal enforcement through arbitration. Gap has instead proposed that, in most cases, the sole remedy for noncompliance with an arbitration order should be expulsion from the program. But this would in effect amount to a firm being relieved of its obligations.


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English Teacher, Milton Keynes
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Walton High is a dual campus school with the new Brooklands site which opened in November 2016. Brooklands is just over two miles from the Walnut Tree campus and will eventually grow to 1500+ including Post-16. A single system of governance, organisation, leadership and management operates across both campuses.
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This article is a collaboration between MedPage Today® and:
Up to half a million lives could be saved over the next decade by small, steady reductions in the national salt intake, computer simulations suggest.
Gradually cutting sodium consumption by 4% annually to reach 2,200 mg per day by 10 years would prevent 275,000 to 505,000 deaths over that span, depending on the modeled assumptions, Pamela G. Coxson, PhD, of the University of California San Francisco, and colleagues found.
Immediately dropping to the 1,500 mg per day level recommended by federal dietary guidelines would save 1.2 million lives over 10 years, they reported in the March issue of Hypertension.
That rapid a degree of reduction from the current national average of 3,600 mg per day isn't feasible, and even a 40% reduction over a decade would be "a daunting task that will likely require multiple layers of intervention," the group acknowledged.
Dietary salt reduction has been controversial, with a full gamut of study findings from negative to neutral to positive along with pushback from the salt industry arguing that the 1,500-mg intake guidelines should have been only for high-risk groups, not the general population.
To help build consensus about what the population-level benefit might be, Coxson's group used a variety of modeling methods on three different scenarios:
- Gradual reduction of individual sodium intake by 40% over 10 years to an average 2,200 mg per day, which is what would be achieved by cutting sodium in processed and commercially prepared foods by half
- Instantaneous 40% reduction in sodium consumption sustained for 10 years
- Instantaneous reduction to an average of 1,500 mg per day, the target recommended for most adults in the 2010 U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans
The first scenario "is optimistic but potentially achievable," the researchers argued, pointing to the steady 3% to 4% per year reductions in salt intake achieved by a British salt reduction initiative and the 20% to 30% reduction achieved over 20 years by a public campaign in Finland.
The other two scenarios were maximum mortality benefit estimates for meeting targets.
The biggest gains were seen in models based on the direct effect of a low-sodium diet on heart disease events in the Trial of Hypertension Prevention, which had about twice the impact of two other models based on indirect effects via blood pressure lowering.
So the instantaneous reduction to 1,500 mg per day with the direct effect model suggested a more than 20% reduction in cardiovascular disease deaths, for an absolute benefit of 1.2 million fewer deaths over 10 years, while the same scenario with the blood pressure-mediated models suggested about a 10% reduction in cardiovascular disease deaths, for an absolute 644,000 to 731,000 lives saved over 10 years.
Instantly reaching the more modest target of 40% sodium intake reduction was projected to have about a 25% lower impact on total mortality, for 488,000 to 874,000 lives saved over a decade.
The more gradual route to that target had half the impact of an instantaneous change, for a 4% to 10% reduction in coronary heart disease and stroke mortality and a 1.5% to 3% reduction in total mortality.
The researchers acknowledged varying complexity and associated biases in the three models, and the attenuated associations in a sensitivity analysis in which those 75 and older were assumed to get no benefit from lowering sodium intake.
Nevertheless, "the large health benefit from sodium reduction that we project here and find to be robust to a variety of different assumptions about the effect of sodium on cardiovascular health and different approaches to computer simulation suggests that sodium reduction is an important target for public health interventions," they wrote.
From the American Heart Association:
- Sodium, Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Disease : Further Evidence Supporting the American Heart Association Sodium Reduction Recommendations
- The Importance of Population-Wide Sodium Reduction as a Means to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke
The project was funded by the CDC and in part by the American Heart Association.
The researchers reported having no conflicts of interest to disclose.
- Reviewed by F. Perry Wilson, MD, MSCE Instructor of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Dorothy Caputo, MA, BSN, RN, Nurse Planner


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Advanced Printed Circuit Board Layout Design
In this course, Advanced Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design and layout are studied. Topics include PCB substrates material, design methodology, through hole technology (THT), surface mount technology (SMT), mechanical design aspects, EMI, electrical characteristics, power systems, multilayer and stack up. Design for testability and manufacturability. Quality assurance in THT and SMT. The course also encompasses RF, high speed digital and mixed signal PCBs throughout the semester. Permission of instructor required.
Credit Hours:
West Lafayette


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Lens Band is a unique solution to an age old problem. When using zoom lenses, especially extra long zooms, there is often a tendency for the lens barrel to "creep", i.e. extend due to its own weight when pointed either upward or downward. The Lens Band presents a simple and unique solution to this issue. The strong silicone rubber band stretches over the zoom ring of your lens and holds it firmly in place.
In addition to preventing this kind of problem, it also aids when shooting with a tripod where slower shutter speeds may be required, such as in macro photography when operation of the zoom ring may not be required. For anyone who works out in the field and carries or hangs his camera over his shoulder, lens creep is a common problem that can cause undo stress on the both the lens and your back. The inexpensive Lens Band offers you a straightforward solution to this potentially nagging problem.
It's easy to use. Stretch the Lens Band over your lens. Position it over the zoom ring when not in use. When ready to use it, slide half of it over the non-moving portion of the lens body. The pressure of the band will prevent the lens from slipping out of place. Just make sure the Band does not interfere with your focus ring.
Lens Band is ?One Size Fits All? designed to fit zoom rings from 67mm to 110mm or 2.75" (7.0 cm) to 4.5" (11.4 cm) in diameter. As an added benefit to the Lens Band, it can also be used to remove filters that have become stuck over time. With the firm grip it provides, filters can be loosened without any potential damage to either the filter or the front element of your lens.
Canon 100mm, Canon 10-22mm, Canon 15-85mm, Canon 16-35mm, Canon 17-35mm, Canon 17-40mm, Canon 17-55mm, Canon 17-85mm, Canon 18-135mm, Canon 18-200mm, Canon 18-55mm, Canon 20-35mm, Canon 22-55mm, Canon 24-105mm, Canon 24-70mm, Canon 24-85mm, Canon 28-105mm, Canon 28-135mm, Canon 28-200mm, Canon 28-300mm, Canon 28-70mm, Canon 28-80mm, Canon 28-90mm, Canon 35-135mm, Canon 35-350mm, Canon 35-70mm, Canon 35-80mm, Canon 38-76mm, Canon 50-200mm, Canon 55-200mm, Canon 55-250mm, Canon 70-200mm, Canon 70-210mm, Canon 70-300mm, Canon 75-300mm, Canon 80-200mm, Canon 90-300mm, Canon 100-300mm, Canon 100-400mm
Cosina 100-300mm
Hasselblad 35-90mm, Hasselblad 50-110mm
Lumix 14-140mm, Lumix 45-200mm, Leica 14-150mm
Minolta 100-300mm, Minolta 100-400mm, Minolta 75-200mm
1 Nikkor 10-100mm, Nikon 105mm, Nikon 10-24mm, Nikon 12-24mm, Nikon 14-24mm, Nikon 16-35mm, Nikon 16-85mm, Nikon 17-35mm, Nikon 17-55mm, Nikon 18-105mm, Nikon 18-135mm, Nikon 18-200mm, Nikon 18-35mm, Nikon 18-55mm, Nikon 18-70mm, Nikon 20-35mm, Nikon 24-120mm, Nikon 24-50mm, Nikon 24-70mm, Nikon 24-85mm, Nikon 25-50mm, Nikon 28-100mm, Nikon 28-105mm, Nikon 28-200mm, Nikon 28-300mm, Nikon 28-70mm, Nikon 28-80mm, Nikon 28-85mm, Nikon 35-105mm, Nikon 35-135mm, Nikon 35-200mm, Nikon 35-70mm, Nikon 50-135mm, Nikon 55-200mm, Nikon 55-300mm, Nikon 70-180mm, Nikon 70-200mm, Nikon 70-210mm, Nikon 70-300mm, Nikon 75-300mm, Nikon 80-200mm, Nikon 80-400mm, Nikon 200-400mm
Olympus 7-14mm, Olympus 11-22mm, Olympus 14-54mm, Olympus 18-180mm, Olympus 35-100mm, Olympus 40-150mm, Olympus 50-200mm, Olympus 75-300mm, Olympus 90-250mm
Pentax 10-17mm, Pentax 12-24mm, Pentax 16-45mm, Pentax 16-50mm, Pentax 17-70mm, Pentax 18-135mm, Pentax 18-250mm, Pentax 18-55mm, Pentax 24-50mm, Pentax 28-70mm, Pentax 28-80mm, Pentax 28-200mm, Pentax 35-105mm, Pentax 35-70mm, Pentax 50-135mm, Pentax 50-200mm, Pentax 55-300mm, Pentax 70-210mm, Pentax 75-300mm, Pentax 80-200mm, Pentax 80-320mm, Pentax 100-300mm
Sigma 105mm, Sigma 10-20mm, Sigma 12-24mm, Sigma 15-30mm, Sigma 17-35mm, Sigma 17-50mm, Sigma 17-70mm, Sigma 18-125mm, Sigma 18-200mm, Sigma 18-250mm, Sigma 18-50mm, Sigma 20-40mm, Sigma 24-135mm, Sigma 24-60mm, Sigma 24-70mm, Sigma 28-200mm, Sigma 28-300mm, Sigma 28-70mm, Sigma 50-150mm, Sigma 50-500mm, Sigma 55-200mm, Sigma 70-200mm, Sigma 70-300mm, Sigma 100-300mm, Sigma 120-300mm, Sigma 120-400mm, Sigma 135-400mm, Sigma 150-500mm, Sigma 170-500mm, Sigma 300-800mm, Sigma 600mm
Sony 11-18mm, Sony 16-80mm, Sony 16-105mm, Sony 18-200mm, Sony 18-250mm, Sony 18-55mm, Sony 18-70mm, Sony 24-105mm, Sony 28-75mm, Sony 55-200mm, Sony 70-200mm, Sony 70-300mm, Sony 70-400mm, Sony 75-300mm
Tamron 10-24mm, Tamron 11-18mm, Tamron 17-35mm, Tamron 17-50mm, Tamron 18-200mm, Tamron 18-250mm, Tamron 18-270mm, Tamron 24-135mm, Tamron 28-200mm, Tamron 28-300mm, Tamron 28-70mm, Tamron 28-75mm, Tamron 28-80mm, Tamron 55-200mm, Tamron 70-200mm, Tamron 70-300mm, Tamron 75-300mm, Tamron 200-400mm, Tamron 200-500mm, Tamron 90mm
Tokina 10-17mm, Tokina 11-16mm, Tokina 12-24mm, Tokina 16-28mm, Tokina 16-50mm, Tokina 19-35mm, Tokina 20-35mm, Tokina 28-70mm, Tokina 28-80mm, Tokina 35-300mm, Tokina 50-135mm, Tokina 60-300mm, Tokina 70-210mm, Tokina 80-200mm, Tokina 80-400mm
Vivitar 105mm, Vivitar 19-35mm, Vivitar 100-300mm, Vivitar 100-400mm, Vivitar 28-105mm, Vivitar 28-210mm, Vivitar 28-300mm, Vivitar 28-80mm, Vivitar 650-1300mm, Vivitar 70-300mm, Vivitar 75-205mm
Zeiss 16-35mm, Zeiss 16-80mm, Zeiss 24-70mm


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Sorry, we couldn't find the page you were looking for. Here are some of our trombone sections' favorite pages on our website.
Trombone SectionHomepageCalendar Trombone SectionContact Us
Still not sure where to go? Try our keyword search at the top of the page. Or, you could always just visit the trombone section.


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Cindy Crawford might be a world famous supermodel, but even runway queens have to age. Fortunately for Cindy, she seems to have pretty good attitude about getting older. "I have cellulite," she tells September's Redbook. "I admit it. But sometimes I just say, 'Screw it, I am going to wear a bikini.'"
Even with her carefree attitude, Cindy is aware of the pressures of aging gracefully.
"I think I look good for my age. I am not 25; I am 43. That feels like a big pressure, especially when the National Enquirer is dying to get a picture," she admits. "I am so aware that I don't want to change the way I live because of that kind of attention. So you say, 'Screw it. I am wearing a bikini, and I am not putting on a cover-up.' You just brace yourself for a bad picture."
And although she's recognized for her beauty wherever she goes, Cindy just sees herself as a mom — she's married to Rande Gerber — which is fine with her.
"People get excited that they're meeting the Cindy Crawford from the Playboy spread 13 years ago, and I am a mother of two now," she explains. "I have to check in with myself. It's good to have an awareness of the outside pressure; I can't let it get to my core. I love my life."


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Ohio Jewish Chronicle. (Columbus, Ohio), 1986-04-10, page 01
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rt7*T7 ' ■(.- -, T -, ■ --•v-t::?"^*. i i' n I I1 I I1 r !- 19 1 ' !';!(i 1 I 2Ji\// Serving Columbus and Central Ohio Jewish Community fir Over 40 Years VwAVv '■'t I BRAKY ? OH !0: H j STOni CAU, 5<XH-^: 1 9BE VELMA-.AVE-i- 7? -.';■-■ ..:OOLdv 0. .43211 .. '' EXC;H VOL.64 NO. 15 APRIL 10,1986-NISAN1 Devoted to American - and Jewish (deals. Center To Receive Award At Meeting . On April 12 at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada, the Leo Yassenoff Jewish Center will be recognized for its leadership efforts in implementing the recommendations of the JWB's National Commission on Maximizing the Jewish Educational Effectiveness of Jewish Community Centers. Lester Pollack, JWB Board member and chairman of its committee on implementation, informed Dr. Al Tyroler, Leo Yassenoff Jewish Center president, of the award, and noted, "While many Centers have undertaken initiatives to implement commission recommendations, the Leo Yassenoff Jewish Center has set the kind of leadership example front which others were able to benefit.'.' The award will be presented at a special ceremony at the JWB Biennial Convention in Toronto. The ceremony will be the highlight of the Biennial Convention, which is expected to attract more than 1,200 Jewish Community Center leaders from throughout the. United States, Canada, Europe, Israel and South America. U.S. To Study Peres' Proposal For A Mideast 'Marshall Plan1 msmmm Congregation Beth Tikvah's Resler Lecture will be presented by pianist Paul Posnak on April 20 at 8 p.m. at the synagogue. Pianist Paul Posnak To Present Resler Lecture At Beth Tikvah .Pianist Paul Posnak will present Congregation Beth Tikvah's Annual Resler Lecture on Sunday, April 20, at 8 p.m. at the synagogue. His lecture-recital will encompass Hebrew melodies, Russian-Jewish music, jazz and some brief classical selections, alternating performance with anecdotal commentary. Formerly the chairman of Kenyon,., College's Depart-, ment of Music, Dr. Posnak is currently associate professor of music and director of Leo Yassenoff Jewish Center Represented By Local Leaders At JWB Conference In Toronto Five leaders from the Leo Yassenoff Jewish Center are currently sharing a wealth of ideas from the Columbus community with other Jewish Center leaders. They are speaking at a Biennial Conference of the Jewish Welfare Board (JWB), which is being held in Toronto, Canada, April 9 through 13. In addition, three of Jewish Center's lay leaders are being honored at the conference with JWB "New Leadership Recognition" Awards. The honorees are Ann Roth, secretary to the Board of Trustees; Sunny Masser, Early Childhood Services Committee chairwoman and Board of Trustees member, and Helene Lehv, Senior Adult Services Committee chairwoman and Board of Trustees member. Among the five leaders invited by the JWB to participate as speakers at the conference is Dr. Al Tyroler, Jewish Center president, who will address the topic , "Keeping Buildings New." Tyroler will detail how to (CONTINUED ON PAGE 19) the Accompanying/Chamber Music Program at the University of Miami School of Music. He has performed at the White House, in Washington, D.C, at Carnegie and Tully Halls in New York and Pur- cell Hall in London. Dr. Posnak was first prize winner of the International Bach Competition, recipient of the Concert Artists Guild Award and , first prize winner of the Ars Vivus Chamber/ Ensemble Competition. Although he is a respected chamber musician, he is also .widely recognized as a performer of early jazz and blues piano. He received his bachelors, masters and doctoral degrees from the Juilliard School of Music. He was founder and director of Interaction Artists, Inc., and The Empire Trio and records for Crystal Records and Mu- sique Internationale. The Annual Resler Lecture honors Eleanor Resler and the late Jack Resler for their contributions to Beth Tikvah. The public is invited to the concert and the dessert reception which follows. Jacques and Laura Zakin are co-chairing the evening. Serving on the committee are Faith Leibowitz, Martha Kincheloe, Herb Mlrels and Madeline Karn. WASHINGTON (JTA) — The Reagan Administration said last week it has agreed to study a proposal by Israeli Premier Shimon Peres for the creation of a "Marshall Plan"-like development fund for the Middle East "as the way to foster a better climate for peace" in the region. "While we see potential political and financial obstacles to the Prime Minister's proposal, we support its overall objective: economic development for peace in the region," State. Department spokesman Bernard Kalb said. Kalb said that Peres discussed the economic plan, which would be financed by Temple Israel Offers Seder On First Night Reservations for the Temple Israel Passover Seder to be held the first night, April 23, can be made until April 11, according to Stan Cooper, coordinator of the Brother- hdod Seder Committee. Rabbi Sanford Akselrad will lead the service while Sunnie Ghitman will lead the music. The Service will be such that both children and adults can participate and a special "find the Afikoman" will be added for the youngsters. The Seder cost is being subsidized for Temple members and their guests, al- ■ though all community members are invited to participate in the Seder, by Temple Israel Brotherhood, chaired by Jeffrey Grossman. Cost for the dinner, by Joyce, is $10 for Temple members and their guests, $5 for children under 12, . $16.50 for non-Temple members and $10 for college students. A check is a reservation. Send checks with number of people, attending to Temple Israel, 5419 E. Broad St., Columbus 43213. . various countries,and international banks, during his talks here last week with Secretary of State George Shultz and other Administration officials. The U.S. has agreed to discuss the proposal with its allies, according to Kalb. Peres reportedly has urged that the U.S. and the other major Western industrialized countries, including Japan, finance a $20 to $30 billion development fund. Peres argued this week in public statements that the West Europeans could return some of the large amount of money they have saved from the drop in oil prices, to the Arab Countries which are suffering economically because of the falling prices. Peres apparently believes this pragmatic , approach is needed to foster the peace process at a time when the political effort appears stalled. Mizrachi Sponsors Annual 'Maos Chitim' Campaign As Jews.sit down to participate in the Passover meal in a few weeks, a basic question may remain unanswered: "Have I extended my hand to a fellow Jew so that he, too, may enjoy the Seder night?" For over 50. years the Men's Mizrachi Organization has endeavored to help everyone answer this question in a positive way. Harry Schwartz The Mizrachi Organization, also known as the Religious Zionists of America, through its annual Maos Chitim Campaign, sends badly needed funds to fellow Jews in Israel. This year, as in past years, the local campaign is under the direction of Harry Schwartz, son of the late David. Schwartz, who was the founder of the Cantor Chomsky To Be Featured In Heifetz Concert On April 13 Cantor Jack Chomsky of Congregation Tifereth Israel will also be featured in the Sunday, April 13, recital by violinist Daniel Heifetz at Congregation Tifereth Israel, 1354 E. Broad St. in Columbus, f The 7:30 p.m. recital will include the world premiere of a setting of Psalm 30 by composer Daniel Asia, a. member of the faculty at Oberlin Conservatory of Music. The setting was written especially for Cantor Chomsky and dedicated to him by the composer. Tic kets for the conceit, priced at $7:50, with $5 tickets available for seniors and stu-. dents, will be available at the door. For further information call the synagogue at 253-8523. . "I am very excited about the premiere to be featured on the : program," com-, mented Cantor Chomsky, "I received the score from the composer last week, and it is truly a beautiful and imaginative work. It is also undeniably a Jewish work. I have worked with Mr. Asia before, and I know that he is well versed iri and quite at home with synagogue music. This is clearly reflected in his idiomatic setting of the Psalm." The work was comriiis- sioned by Lee and Marilyn Skilken in memory of Marilyn's father, Samuel Mintzes. A longtime member1 of Congregation Tifereth Israel, Mintzes was a great lover of music, who passed his appreciation and avocation on to his daughter. Mrs. Skilken, who is coordinating this year's concert, is also a member of the synagogue choir and is active throughout the community in many ways, along with the rest of her family. Heifetz, has just returned from a tour of the Orient, including concerts in Hong . Kong and China. He has received acclaim throughout the world for his virtuosity, artistry and charisma and , has been described as one of . the most exciting violinists) now before the public. He has appeared with many of the world's leading symphony orchestras and has also been seen on television in a CBS special, "Art of the Unaccompanied Violin." Currently on the violin faculty of the Peabody Conservatory of Music in Baltimore, he was a prize winner in the Sixth International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow, He donated his Moscow prizewinnings to a refusenik family, the Ginz- burgs. Asia is assistant professor of Contemporary Music at Oberlin Conservatory of Music, in Oberlin, Ohio. His mentors have included (CONTINUED ON PAGE 15) Mizrachi Organization of Columbus. For over 50 years, the Schwartz family led in this campaign on behalf of Israel Jewry. Rabbi David Stavsky, of the Beth Jacob Congregation, who represents the Men's Mizrachi in Columbus, expressed his profound thanks to Schwartz, who; following the heritage of his father, is encouraging all the members and friends of Mizrachi to demonstrate their support for this Passover campaign. It is not too late to be counted among the participants so that others may enjoy a better Passover. Contributions and checks should be made payable to Mizrachi Passover Fund and sent c/o Harry Schwartz, 967 S. Cassingham Rd., Columbus, Ohio 43209. Rabbi Stavsky explained that the proceeds of this fund are used for purchasing food and clothing for widows, children and families who otherwise would have to subsist on matzoh and the barest essentials during the holiday of Pesach. Rabbi David Stavsky Scholar-ln-Residence In Richmond, Virginia Rabbi David Stavsky will be the scholar-in-residence at Kneseth Beth Israel in Richmond, Va., during the weekend of April 11-13. He will be speaking Friday night after dinner on the subject, "The Sanctity of Marriage and the Young Urban Professional—Male and Female." He will give the sermon on Saturday morning . and will speak again prior to Shalos Seudos. Rabbi Charles Lipschitz is the rabbi of Kneseth Beth Israel, and Rabbi Stavsky will be appearing under the auspices of the congregation ' and the Union of Orthodox' Jewish Congregations of America. :m I
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|Ohio Jewish chronicle. (Columbus, Ohio), 1986-04-10
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