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Legacy OpenID
Background / History
For a time, the fedora project was asking users to use 'https://admin.fedoraproject.org/accounts/openid/username' when using the Fedora OpenID provider. This was in addition to the now canononical: "username.id.fedoraproject.org". This legacy URL was harder for users to remember and type, and added confusion on some sites where your identity between the two provider urls was different.
When the new fas-openid was rolled out to production on 2013-03-05, this old legacy URL was dropped. However, a number of users were still using this old provider url and found themselves unable to login to the sites they were using it with. In order to allow a less disruptive transition, we have enabled the old legacy url (for a time) to allow users to login and change any associations they may have with it.
Why was I directed to this page?
You were likely sent here by following a link that told you that you were using our old identity provider URL. You should change to using the new provider url: "username.id.fedoraproject.org".
How can I change this provider?
This varies on the application you are logging into. Most applications will have a settings area where you can add additional associations. Just add 'username.id.fedoraproject.org' to your account and then logout and back in with that association, then remove the old one.
For Gerrit:
- Login with legacy url
- Click on 'settings' in the upper right
- Click on 'identities'
- Click on 'link another identity' and enter your 'username.id.fedoraproject.org'
(Feel free to add additional application info here)
In some cases you should contact the maintainers of the application or website you are using and ask them to change your identity url.


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The Southwest, as a whole, is in better shape than was the case this time last year. Statistically speaking, the drought is not as widespread; the heat not as intense; and crops not as stressed.
But no one ever harvested and sold a statistic. Some areas across Texas and the entire Southwest region may be just as dry and just as vulnerable to crop loss as they were in 2011. Others see significantly better prospects.
Manda Anderson, Texas AgriLife Extension integrated pest management specialist for Gaines County, says differences in heat unit accumulation and rainfall totals compared to last year affect crop conditions and related issues.
"We all know that last year was extremely dry and that we had record heat. But how different was it from this year?" she asks in her latest IPM newsletter. "Heat unit accumulation from May 15 to July 20 shows an accumulation of 1,480 in 2011 and 1,306 in 2012," Anderson said.
The difference in rainfall totals offers a stark contrast—zero for 2011 and around six inches this year. But that can be deceiving. "As always, the rainstorms are spotty and some areas of the county have received less rainfall, and some areas have received more rainfall in 2012. This, along with pumping capacity, has led to the greatest differences observed in crop stage and development." It also affects pest and disease pressure.
For instance, Anderson noted that very few fields showed signs of Verticillium wilt in 2011. "This year we are already starting to see signs of plants infected with Verticillium wilt. This alone is a good indication that conditions are much more conducive for disease development in 2012."
She said observers detected the first field infected with Kurtomathrips on July 17, 2011. "Thankfully, this rare pest has not shown up in 2012." She said the pest flourished in extreme hot and dry conditions last summer. "Hopefully, we will not see this pest in 2012, since we have more moderate temperatures and a little more rainfall."
Northwest Plains very dry
Monte Vandiver, Extension IPM agent for Bailey and Parmer Counties, says the area "continues to be very dry. The U.S. Drought Monitor shows 100 percent of Bailey County, 95 percent of Lamb County and the southwest half of Parmer County are under extreme drought conditions; in addition, the northeast half of Parmer County is under severe drought conditions (http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu).
"These very dry conditions continue to tax irrigation systems at an elevated rate," Vandiver said. "Crop moisture demands have continued to ramp up, exceeding two inches per week. This high demand, exhausted soil moisture reserves and continued hot dry weather forces producers to consider diverting irrigation recourses in hopes of salvaging at least some of their crop."
He said diverting water from one crop to another is an extremely tough decision, but may be the only way to save a portion of the crop during extreme drought. "Diversion would be considered a good management decision," he said, cautioning growers to consult crop insurance agents before making a decision to divert water.
As Northeast Texas farmers prepare to harvest corn and grain sorghum, observers anticipate good yields. Rainfall, though spotty, has kept most fields in good shape and some growers anticipate dryland corn production near 120 bushels per acre.
Extension IPM agent Jim Swart says cotton also continues to show promise in the northeast corner of the state.
Down in the Valley
John Norman, retired Texas AgriLife entomologist and editor of Pest Cast Newsletter, says the Lower Rio Grande Valley has received "spotty showers with hot and dry conditions most of the time. Such is summer in the Valley."
Norman says pre-harvest and harvest activities have been primary concerns for most LRGV farms this week. "Harvest activities will continue for the next three to four weeks. Insect activity continued in fields still green and attractive to whiteflies."
Norman said cotton was reaching final maturity in most fields. "Overall, more cotton fields in the Valley were defoliated and/or harvested than not. But many fields needed another two to three weeks before they could be defoliated."
Cotton stalk destruction
Norman also encouraged cotton producers to be vigilant in cotton stalk destruction as soon after harvest as possible.
"Boll weevil eradication efforts are ongoing and making progress," he said. "But, in order for the progress to continue and the program to be successful, cotton stalk regrowth from old stalks or volunteer seedlings must be cleared from all fields by the end of this cotton season."
He said seedling cotton coming up where other crops are planted in old cotton fields has created problems recently in the Valley and other areas of Texas.
"Now termed non-commercial cotton, cotton plants in fallow land or in other crops have proven to be a serious trouble spot for boll weevil eradication efforts. This year, according to the eradication program in the Valley, one-third of the weevils caught in 2012 came from non-commercial fields."
He said part of the problem comes from non-commercial fields with volunteer seedlings that are not sprayed because insecticides labeled for use on the primary crop are not available. "The lack of approved labels for some of these crops and the difficulties in locating the cotton growing in the non-commercial crop hamper control measures. The Foundation continues to seek additional labels for weevil control in non-commercial crops."
He said producers may obtain many herbicide labels for volunteer cotton control in grain crops from the AgriLife Extension Service or by visiting the Texas Boll Weevil Website at txbollweevil.org and clicking on the link on the right side of the web page.
Norman said the current issue of Pest Cast will be the last for this season.
Oklahoma unsettling
Jerry Goodson, Oklahoma State University Extension assistant, Southwest Oklahoma Research and Extension Center in Altus, reports in the Cotton Comments Newsletter that without timely rainfall the crop will continue to deteriorate.
"Much of the dryland cotton, although in fair condition a week ago, will be headed in the wrong direction soon with the forecasted temperatures," Goodson reported. "We really need a good rainfall event very soon."
He noted that Altus has encountered 28 days of 100 degrees or greater—1 in April, 9 in May, 11 in June, and 7 days in July (through July 19). "Temperatures have been considerably above average with triple digits and more forecast and few chances of rainfall."
Cotton heat unit accumulation for a May 1 planting date at Altus is about 1,637 versus a typical 1,330, about 23 percent above normal.
He reported that a rainfall that occurred in mid-July "provided some badly needed moisture and delayed a potentially earlier cutout." But many of those fields now are exhibiting considerable signs of moisture stress. "Although some boll set has occurred, unless rainfall occurs soon, these bolls will be extremely small, further limiting yield potential."

subset: commoncrawl


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This is a lithograph about NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission, or MMS. Learners will cut out and assemble a colorful 3D model of an MMS spacecraft. Web links, additional facts, and QR codes are included for audiences to access more information.
Materials Cost: Free
This lesson includes a demonstration to show why the sky is blue and why sunsets and sunrises are orange. Learners will use scientific practices to investigate answers to questions involving the color of the sky, sunsets, the Sun, and oceans.... (View More) Requires a clear acrylic or glass container to hold water, a strong flashlight, and powdered creamer or milk. (View Less)
This is a collection of outreach resources about the Sun that are meant to be used in informal education settings. This toolkit was originally designed for NASA Night Sky Network member clubs and the Astronomical Society of the Pacific's Astronomy... (View More) from the Ground Up network of museum and science center educators. The toolkit includes background information about the Sun, magnetic fields of the Earth and Sun, and space weather, activity suggestions, and detailed activity scripts. The themes of this toolkit address both the constant nature of the Sun as a reliable source of energy and the dynamic nature of the Sun due to its changing magnetic fields. The activities and related materials in this collection include The Sun in a Different Light - Observing the Sun, Explore the Sun cards, Magnetic Connection, the Space Weather PowerPoint, Protection from Ultraviolet, and Where Does the Energy Come From cards. These activities can be done separately or as a group as part of an informal education event. Institutions that are not part of the Night Sky Network will need to acquire the various materials required for each activity. (View Less)


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Lil Wayne "Turn On The Lights" Remix [Audio]
Lil Wayne jumps on Future's- ' Turn On The Lights ' ( Remix )
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


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Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Advanced Medicine and Personal Care
What is dermatitis herpetiformis?
Dermatitis herpetiformis is an intensely pruritic (itchy) skin disease characterized by eruptions of clusters of small blisters or vesicles (small elevations of the skin containing fluid) and small bumps or papules (small, solid, elevations on the skin). Dermatitis herpetiformis usually occurs in young adults. It affects twice as many men as it does women.
What triggers dermatitis herpetiformis?
Dermatitis herpetiformis is related to the presence of IgA deposits under the skin. These deposits occur in response to consuming glutens (proteins) in the diet, such as those found in wheat, barley, rye, and oat products. However, once IgA deposits occur, they are slowly cleared by the body even when the individual is gluten free. The disease is not common among African-Americans or Asians. Persons with dermatitis herpetiformis often have a high incidence of autoimmune disorders and thyroid disease.
What are the symptoms of dermatitis herpetiformis?
The following are the most common symptoms of dermatitis herpetiformis. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
- clusters of itchy, small blisters, mostly on the elbows, lower back, buttocks, knees, and back of the head
- itching and burning are often severe
Most individuals will also have some damage to their intestines.
The symptoms of dermatitis herpetiformis may resemble other skin conditions. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis.
How is dermatitis herpetiformis diagnosed?
In addition to a medical history and physical examination, dermatitis herpetiformis is usually confirmed with a skin biopsy with immunofluorescence (a specialized type of stain which helps to detect the presence of IgA antibodies).
Treatment for dermatitis herpetiformis:
Specific treatment for dermatitis herpetiformis will be determined by your physician based on:
- your age, overall health, and medical history
- extent of the condition
- your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, and therapies
- expectation for the course of the condition
- your opinion or preference
The symptoms of dermatitis herpetiformis may clear when all gluten is eliminated from the diet, although healing may take several weeks to months. Treatment may also include drug therapy. Dapsone, a medication which can improve symptoms by suppressing the skin response, may be prescribed. However, dapsone has been associated with some side effects, especially anemia. Your physician will carefully monitor your blood count, if prescribed this medication.


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This blog post is in response to the blog prompt for Week #46 as provided by Amy Coffin at We Tree (via GeneaBloggers): "Comment on obituaries in your collection. Obits come in all shapes and sizes. Share some of the stand-outs with readers."
My lessons learned after writing, reading and relying on the information made available in obituaries includes that they can be chock full of useful information: next of kin, parents, burial information and of course, major life events, but they are not the most reliable sources.
I am a reporter by training and have written several obituaries, both for relatives and for complete strangers*. Not all obituaries are written by professional journalists, however (and much to my chagrin, even when they are, errors can be edited in later). Many obituaries are written by relatives of the deceased — they may or may not have gone through the rigors of checking original sources of the information listed in the obit. In fact, it's not impossible to imagine that many may gloss over some facts in remembering the life of their loved one and they may, inadvertently or not, introduce errors into the listing.
Before she passed away, my mother requested that I be the one to write her obituary. This I did, including the names and places of residence for her surviving family members, including her three younger sisters, all in the state of Virginia. Even though I typed the information for the obit and emailed it (in copyable/paste-able form) to the newspaper for inclusion, the state of residence for my youngest aunt was printed as California and not Virginia. Sigh.
Another obituary in my collection is for my great-grandmother, Della Hayes. I had always assumed that her maiden name (Crow) was spelled with an 'e' on the end because that is how it was listed in her obituary. All records I have found since then point to a spelling without an 'e.' Similarly, her mother's maiden name also appears to have been misspelled in the obituary (Gorley instead of Gourley, as I have found in other records). Whether these spellings were provided by the family incorrectly or were printed incorrectly for some other reason, I do not know.
Of course, not all obituaries are so error-ridden and they are good starting points for finding facts that should be confirmed through further research.
*Obituaries are often the first things that budding reporters learn to write. Therefore, I found everything had come full circle during my final stint as a reporter (I decided not to pursue a career in journalism shortly after graduating from college). My final article as a general assignment reporting intern at the Viriginian-Pilot's Virginia Beach bureau was the obituary for G. Dewey Simmons, a minister who hailed from that area. He had gained notoriety by performing wedding rituals in unusual places, including one ceremony underwater. On my last day in the bureau–the day the obituary appeared in the paper–I had a voicemail on my phone. It was his daughter, in tears, calling to thank me. She said it captured his life perfectly. I can't think of a better way to end my reporting career.
Interesting side note: the major news services pre-write obituaries for major public figures so that when these individuals do meet their demise, it is simply a matter of adding the details of death before posting on the wire. I learned of this practical, if morbid, procedure while touring the Knight-Ridder library at the National Press Building during another reporting internship in college. It's often the newsroom librarians who compile the facts for these canned pieces, before they are polished up by the reporters.


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After unexpectedly losing his beloved dog Sparky, young Victor harnesses the power of science to bring his best friend back to life-with just a few minor adjustments. He tries to hide his home-sewn creation, but when Sparky gets out, Victor's fellow students, teachers and the entire town all learn that getting a new "leash on life" can be monstrous.
See our full review:
Part of what makes Tim Burton's Frankenweenie charming is that, for the first time in ages, you can see that enthusiastic youngster with the light touch. »


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Busch Stadium 6-20-2010
The Athletics were on the verge of being swept by the Cardinals. It wasnt really fun to watch. It was like a Major League team beating up on a Little League team. Quite pathetic if you ask me. Sometimes these interleague match ups are just so one-sided it makes me sick to my stomach. If the A's wanted to win this, and avoid losing a fifth game in a row, they would have to battle hard.
Kevin Kouzmanoff was the unsung hero of this game though. He had a four for four afternoon, and put one in the seats. But Matt Holliday also hit TWO home runs into the left and left center field bleachers. I knew I should have bought tickets there! I just knew I should have! Oh well. I cant win them all. As long as Im trying though.
My first and only baseball came after the game from the pitchers that strolled in from the bullpen. Im not sure who it was so I can not give you the name. But one of the highlights was Kevin Kouzmanoff stayed well after the game to take pictures with fans, sign autographs, and just **** chat with everyone. I should have jumped on the chance to take a picture with him but I didnt. I dont know why. I could have easily got in there for a picture. I guess I just wanted to soak up the moment. Even Dallas Braden came out for a moment to see what was going on but hurried back inside the clubhouse. It was really a great series and I am glad I was apart of it.
The A's won, by the way, 3-2.
Game; June 20th 2010 Oakland Athletics Vs St Louis Cardinals
Game Balls; One
Autographs; None
Attendance; 41,417


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Operation Kidsafe coming to Orange
Parents will have an opportunity to get a lifetime record of their child's digital fingerprints and a form that is ready to hand to law enforcement in the event of an emergency at Operation Kidsafe Child Safety Event in Orange. The event is free for every family and will take place at Cecil Atkission Toyota on Friday, Oct. 26, from noon to 6 p.m. and Saturday, Oct. 27, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. No special information is required.
"This is our 11th year serving communities all over North America," said Mark Bott, national program director of Operation Kidsafe.
Operation Kidsafe uses an all-digital machine with infrared technology and does not use ink or film. The Secret Service and FBI utilize the same machine, Bott said.
"I have two rules," he said. "Rule one is we will never database or take any information on children because privacy is very important to me. Parents will be the stewards of the document that we are going to give them. So that privacy is maintained, every one of our systems has a button that when the operator presses next to go to the next child, (the machine) erases the last record. The parents take home the only record, and we keep nothing."
"Rule No. 2 is I will never charge a family for this service."
Bott said Operation Kidsafe is a collaboration between businesses who pay for the event, Operation Kidsafe and the public to network with each other.
"I found out when I was doing town meet
ings that the bad guys, or the 1 percent, were out networking the 99 percent," he said. "Parents weren't talking about safety because parents feared that their kids were afraid. I was one of (those parents). When I started as a child advocate, I had seven kids and n
o family action plan. We talked about the hockey game, we tal
ked about soccer, we talked about the girls' dance lessons, but we didn't talk about safety."
The goal of Operation Kidsafe, according to Bott, is to give the parents a form he said he hopes they will never have to use.
"The form will have digital prints on it, a photograph, an area where parents can update it with a color photograph every time they get one from school, and it's going to have some safety tips on the back, so (parents) can start a family action plan," he said.
Another important factor, according to Bott, is that parents don't have to take a test drive or worry about the sponsors of the event trying to sell them things.
"One of our rules is that we only work with sponsors who get (the program)," he said. "Cecil Atkission is a dealer that's been around for a long time in Texas, and they understand that giving back to the community is a positive thing."
Cecil Atkission is at 2500 Interstate 10 in Orange. According to Bott, in its 10 years history, Operation Kidsafe has safeguarded over 1 million children at the rate of 100,000 per year. For more information about Operation Kidsafe, visit www.kidsafeprints.com.


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Advanced Search
Availability: In stock ships within 24-48 hrsPlatforms: PS4Publisher: BANDAI NAMCO Games America Inc.Genre: RacingRegion Free: YesMenus & Interface : EnglishProduct was added to our catalog on Friday 17 March, 2017.
Project CARS Game Of The Year Edition is the ultimate choice for serious racing fans! Featuring all the elements of the original core experience that made Project CARS the most authentic, beautiful, intense, and technically-advanced racing game on the planet, the Game Of The Year Edition also includes an additional: 50+ cars, 4 tracks and 60+ community-created liveries, along with 500+ features and improvements since launch. All this, plus two special items - the iconic Nurburgring Combined Nordschieife + GP circuit and two exclusive vehicles from Pagani - the Zonda Revolucion and Huayra BC unveiled at this year's Geneva Motor Show.


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6:00 am
Mister Rogers' Neighborhood "Different Feelings About Birthdays/Candle Factory" NULL
6:30 am
Curious George "The Inside Story/A Monkey, A Plan, A Canal" George dreams that he and Gnocchi are chasing the germs that are giving him a cold out of his body.G
7:00 am
Wild Kratts "Kerhonk" When Martin's and Chris' Creature Power Suits unexpectedly get jammed in Proboscis monkey mode and the top monkey of the troop is injured protecting a youngster from a crocodile, the Kratt brothers find themselves stepping into the injured monkey's role. While Aviva nurses the monkey back to health, Chris and Martin must keep the troop together and soon discover the important communication function of the proboscis monkeys strangest feature - his huge, droopy, bulbous nose! They uncover some of the different methods animals utilize to communicate important information to each other. D
7:30 am
Peep and the Big Wide World/Pocoyo "The Feats of Peep/Quack Goes Nuts" Peep is one mighty chick, capable of pulling huge loads with a tiny piece of string. The Squirrel can't get to his acorns. Pocoyo: A Surprise for Pocoyo - Pocoyo's friends give him a surprise party. D
8:00 am
Cat in the Hat Knows A Lot About That! "You Should Be Dancing/Batty for Bats" You Should Be Dancing - Nick and Sally are planning to put on a show for their moms, but they can't finish their dance without falling down! The Cat in the Hat takes them to meet one of the best dancers in the world, Tango a bird of paradise! With a few costume changes and a little practice, Nick and Sally are finally able to show their moms their new dance! Batty for Bats - Sally and Nick are playing a game of blindfolded freeze tag but they can't seem to find each other! Luckily the Cat has a friend who is always able to find his way in the dark. He takes them to meet Zapita, a bat who teaches the kids about echolocation. Now that Nick and Sally know how to listen to find their way, freeze tag has become a lot more fun!. D
8:30 am
Angelina Ballerina: The Next Steps "Angelina and The Hip Hop Kid/Angelina and the Broken Fiddle" Angelina and the Hip Hop Kid - There's a new mouseling at Camembert Academy: AZ! The girls are eager to meet him, especially since he knows how to dance hip hop, but they definitely do not want him as a ballet partner - he's not a ballet dancer. It's not until Angelina is reluctantly paired up with AZ that she learns you can't judge a book by its cover. Not only does he know hip hop, but AZ is pretty great at ballet too! Angelina and the Broken Fiddle - When Angelina and Polly accidentally break their dad's fiddle, they come up with elaborate excuses to cover their mistake. D
9:00 am
Bob the Builder "The Botanical Gardens" Bob and the team are building a hothouse in Bobland Bay for tropical plants. It's a big job and will require lots of concentration. Lofty asks Mr. Beasley if he can take care of the banana tree until the hothouse is finished but looking after a tropical plant is hard work. D
9:30 am
Barney & Friends "The Emperor's Contest/The Whole Truth" The Emperor's Contest - Everyone is excited about a fishing contest that is being held in the park; everyone except Ryan, who doesn't want to follow the contest rules. When Ryan is tempted not to follow the rules, Barney tells a story called "The Emperor's Contest" about a boy who had a similar problem. When it's over, Ryan decides that honesty is the best policy! The Whole Truth - A talented young artist is painting a portrait of Barney, but when she has to step away, BJ is mistaken for the artist of the portrait. D
10:00 am
Wishbone "A Tail In Twain (Pt. 2)" This live-action program follows the exploits of Wishbone the dog and his human friends, Joe, David and Samantha through their adventures in their hometown of Oakdale. Wishbone's everyday experiences trigger his imagination and he finds himself in scenes from classic works of literature. In this episode, Joe, Samantha and David are looking for adventure, and find it when they spy a strange man digging around the "No Name Grave. D
10:30 am
Idaho Reports 2014 Co-hosts Melissa Davlin and Aaron Kunz are joined weekly by political analysts Betsy Russell and Jim Weatherby along with other news professionals to help provide a firsthand account of the week's events at the Idaho Legislature.G
11:30 am
Consuelo Mack WealthTrack "Great Value Investor: David Winters" Guest: David Winters, Founder, Portfolio Manager, The Wintergreen Fund. This week's Consuelo Mack WealthTrack features "Great Investor" David Winters of the Wintergreen Fund, who says there are excellent values to be found in global blue chips. D
12:00 pm
To The Contrary with Bonnie Erbe Jimmy Carter's New Book Calls Out Religion; Rising Divorce Rates; Women and Humour- Cindy Chupack. PANELISTS: Sabrina Schaeffer Executive Director, Independent Women's Forum, Former Judge and Federal Prosecutor Debra Carnahan, Journalist Anushay Hossain, Republican Strategist Rina Shah. D
12:30 pm
McLaughlin Group NULL
1:00 pm
Painting and Travel with Roger & Sarah Bansemer "The McKenry Farm" Roger uses acrylics for a small painting of a double silo on a farm in Tennessee with the Blue Ridge mountains in the background. Sarah looks around the scenic farm. D
1:30 pm
Sewing with Nancy "Ultimate Serger Techniques, Part 1" Use your serger for more than finishing fabric edges. Take the lead from Nancy and serger pro Pam Mahshie to get your serging skills up to speed! Learn the basics, and get the confidence to gather, add puffing or textures, and serge on ribbon trim with ease. You'll be surprised as you learn new-age serging techniques for your projects. D
2:00 pm
Fons & Porter's Love of Quilting "North Carolina Lily" The quilt in this episode features quick-pieced flying geese blocks and custom-made fusible bias tape for flower stems. Mary Fons and Liz Porter will guide you through the steps and techniques. This episode includes a treat - quilts Liz and friends each created from a block exchange. D
2:30 pm
Hometime "Creekside Home Yardscapes" See how stone, pavers and plants complement the new home exterior. D
3:00 pm
Woodsmith Shop "Craftsman Clock & Serving Tray" Success is guaranteed when the editors of Woodsmith build a Craftsman-style clock and an elegant serving tray. D
3:30 pm
This Old House "Arlington Italianate Project 2014/House Vs. Nature" Roger removes a hydrangea with roots are undermining the foundation. Painting contractor Mauro Henrique offers strategies for working with potentially messy red paint. Kevin sees the damage hail can do to a house when IBHS conducts the first-ever indoor hailstorm. D
4:00 pm
This Old House "Arlington Italianate Project 2014/Water Water Everywhere" Local historian Richard Duffy offers a look at Arlington's Spy Pond. Richard installs a new water line to the house. Tom installs the new pre-finished Brazilian chestnut flooring. D
4:30 pm
Victory Garden's EdibleFEAST Host Amy Devers previews VICTORY GARDEN's Edible Feast. Chef Daniel Klein is off to Arkansas to learn about shiitake mushrooms grown in a purely sustainable way. Then it's on to the northwest to dig for geoduck and harvest sea salt and sea beans. D
5:00 pm
Dialogue "Thomas Cahill: Conversations from the Sun Valley Writers' Conference" Host Marcia Franklin talks with the former director of religious publishing at Doubleday. He has authored four books of a seven-volume series entitled The Hinges of History, which recount turning points in Western civilization.G
5:30 pm
In The Americas with David Yetman "Winter in the Caldera: January in the Yellowstone Hotspot" Winter access is limited into the national park, and visitors and wildlife are challenged by deep snow and fierce cold, which transforms the landscape.G
6:00 pm
PBS NewsHour Weekend On Sunday, NewsHour Weekend reports from Africa. Kenya is taking on the world's growing electronic waste, using e-waste recycling as a pathway for waste management and economic growth for the nation. That, and the weekend's news, online and on-air. D
6:30 pm
British Antiques Roadshow "Saltaire 1" Fiona Bruce and the team head for Yorkshire where a packed house awaits at Saltaire's Victoria Hall. Among the family treasures attracting the specialists' attention are a doodle by Lowry worth a small fortune, two pieces purporting to have been owned by Napoleon, and the oldest bronze seen in the first 33 years of the show.G
7:00 pm
Outdoor Idaho "Idaho's Scenic Byways" Cameras capture scenes from the state's system of more than 2,400 miles of official Scenic, Historic or Backcountry byways. The routes crisscross the state to reveal natural wonders, geologic and historic sites, and the varied topography of Idaho.G
7:29 pm
Oregon Field Guide "McKenzie River; Butterfly Watching; Lizard School" NULL
8:00 pm
Call The Midwife "S3 E1" Moving to new quarters, the nuns and midwives welcome Sister Winifred, a slightly innocent young woman, who arrives from the Mother House. Sister Monica Joan's increasingly eccentric behavior causes concern. Chummy spearheads an open day at the Community Center.G
9:00 pm
Masterpiece Classic "Mr. Selfridge, Season 2 - Part 1" Jeremy Piven reprises his role as London's retail king, Harry Gordon Selfridge. Rose, Selfridge's wife, returns from America for the store's fifth anniversary. Agnes returns from training in Paris. Lord Loxley returns to torture Lady Mae. Part 1 of 8G
11:00 pm
New Tricks "The Rock Part 2 of 2" The team unlocks more than three decades of secrets and finds the link that solves the 1998 shipping heir murder and another earlier murder. Team members return to England where Lane still faces a hearing. Part 2 of 2G


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Chipley � The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) District Three office is suspending highway construction projects on major roadways across Northwest Florida. There will be no work on state roads requiring lane restrictions from Monday, Dec. 23, 2013 through Friday, Jan. 3, 2014. All major roads will be open to normal traffic.
Although no construction closures are scheduled over the holiday weekend, existing state highway work zones will remain in effect. Motorists are reminded to use caution while traveling through work zones around barricades and equipment.
FDOT is encouraging drivers to allow extra travel time and to use extra caution in existing work zones along state highways. Drivers are urged to make sure they buckle up, along with their passengers. FDOT and other safety agencies also ask drivers to obey speed limits, get adequate rest before traveling, avoid distractions and never drink and drive.
Drivers also are urged to be prepared for unscheduled highway closures due to accidents, disabled vehicles or other events. Motorists should be alert to changing weather conditions while traveling.
Travelers can access Florida�s 511 service from cell phones, landlines, and the Internet at www.FL511.com to receive updates on travel in the area. For more Florida Department of Transportation District Three information follow us on twitter @myfdot_nwfl.


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Thursday, August 18, 2011
2011 Land Rover Freelander 2
The 2011 Land Rover Freelander 2 range of models on sale in the UK from late September 2010, has a 2.2-liter diesel engine is available with the new versions of 150 hp or 190P, a new exterior look interior modifications, including new dashboard and a new Premium Pack option.
New turbo diesel engine is available in 4WD Land Rover TD4 150 hp model with manual transmission and intelligent Stop / Start technology standard (automatic, without the stop / start is available as an option), or a new model produces 190PS SD4 (also available with automatic transmission only).
Besides being upgraded from EU4 EU5, both versions have a variable geometry turbocharger and new have been extensively recalibrated to provide new levels of power, to meet emission standards and reduce CO2 emissions. They are equipped with a diesel particulate filter as standard and are now compatible catalyzed with 10 percent biodiesel, rather than 5 percent.
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Sirus drove in two runs and scored once to account for all three runs in Saturday's 3-0 win against Kentucky in the second day of the Frost Classic hosted by Tennessee-Chattanooga in Chattanooga, Tenn. The Sarasota, Fla. native collected at least one hit in each game. The Lady Bisons won the tournament with a 5-0 record, adding to a 12-1 mark for the season.
Kiihnl pitched a perfect game against Austin Peay in the first round of the Frost Classic on Friday. In the 15-0, five-inning win, the sophomore struck out 13 of the 15 batters she faced. It marked the first perfect game for a Lipscomb pitcher in the NCAA era and only the second in the history of the program with the last one in 1998. Kiihnl did not allow a run in 18.1 innings, winning three games (Austin Peay, Kentucky and Kansas). Saturday, the Batesville, Ky. native shut down Kentucky, 3-0, allowing two hits and striking out 10. Kiihnl came back later in the afternoon in relief with the Lady Bisons down 3-0. In 6.1 innings, she gave up one hit and struck out 11 as the Lady Bisons rallied for a 7-3 win. Kiihnl also batted .556 with five hits in nine at bats and scored four runs.


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FORT WAYNE, Ind. (AP) — The family of an Indiana high school basketball standout who suffered a serious head injury in a Michigan plane crash that killed his father and stepmother says he likely won't return to the court this season.
The statement issued Wednesday by Austin Hatch's family through Fort Wayne's Canterbury High School says he is continuing to make great strides in his rehabilitation, but that the first year is vital to the recovery process and it is unlikely that his doctors will clear him to play during his junior season.
Hatch had committed in June to play basketball at the University of Michigan starting in 2013.
The statement says that Hatch will be at Canterbury's games this season, but asks the news media to respect his privacy and not ask for interviews.


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iShoot Review
iShoot is currently the best-selling game on the entire App Store–#1 out of nearly 4000 games. Why? Is the game simply amazing, or is there some other force at work here? After investigating, we can tell you that there's nothing extraordinary about iShoot, despite its 4.5 star rating. We can see the appeal of its destructive gameplay, and it does certain things very well… but it's neither a polished nor memorable experience.
iShoot is a simple turn-based artillery game. Two to four tanks (controlled by humans or the computer) drive around a level lobbing explosives at the others, until only the winner is left. All of these weapons fly in a parabolic arc, so winning usually comes down to who can calibrate the angle of their gun and the power of their shots most accurately.
Luckily, iShoot can be fun even for those that are no good at aiming, depending on what kinds of weapons you use. Between rounds, you can buy everything from rolling shells to hellfire missiles to nuclear bombs from the store, using cash earned during the previous round of play. The weapon's price goes up with its destructive power, so that the really crazy stuff may cost half of your bankroll.
But boy, are those big boomers ever worth it! This game's fun factor comes from tinkering with the full arsenal and blasting the levels to pieces–quite literally. Your weapons dig craters into any part of the environment they hit, meaning that you can tunnel right through obstacles or drop your enemies into a big hole.
There are even specialized weapons for dropping piles of dirt on the other tanks, and for excavating huge ditches in a hurry. iShoot has a solid physics engine, so walls actually crumble under the force of an explosion, and dirt really slides towards the bottom of the screen.
It's too bad that iShoot doesn't do a better job of capitalizing on these strengths. Instead, it's held back by quality problems and a lack of scope. The game's interface is pretty lousy–the aiming arrow is much too short, and the power meter moves too quickly, so real precision is next to impossible. Plus, we've caught the computer-controlled bots acting erratically; they sometimes seem to commit suicide by aiming at themselves. The AI is weak in general, even when set to expert difficulty.
Finally, there's just not that much to do in iShoot. You can set the number of rounds you'd like to play all the way up to infinity, but you can never set up the environment in any way, grant handicaps, add wind to the equation, or save and compare high scores. In short, there's no real goal, other than playing in the sandbox with high explosives.
If that's enough for you, you may very well be satisfied paying $2.99 for iShoot–but we weren't. We've seen many better-designed games at a third of that price. So how is it that iShoot is #1, in an App Store where the "cream" is supposed to "rise to the top?" We think that it may have something to do with the name.


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HTS Theological Studies
versão On-line ISSN 2072-8050
versão impressa ISSN 0259-9422
Herv. teol. stud. vol.68 no.1 Pretoria Jan. 2012
Divide and be different: priestly identity in the Persian period
Esias E. Meyer
Department of Old Testament Studies, University of Pretoria, South Africa
The article focused on the Hebrew root לדב [divide] [bdl] in Priestly and post-Priestly material of the Pentateuch. In Genesis 1 God is the subject of the verb and often enough in the Holiness Code, but in many instances in Leviticus (e.g. 10:10 and 11:47) it is expected of priests to perform the same act. It was argued that in this regard priests were to imitate God. The article further argued that these texts helped us to describe Jewish identity in the Persian period as an identity of non-conformity, and they also helped us to describe the priests' own understanding of their role in maintaining this identity.
In this article I will be examining the use of the Hebrew root לדב [divide] in the Pentateuch. My argument will offer two different lines of reasoning, which I hope to show are actually intertwined with one another. The one line of reasoning has to do with the fact that I think that the root לדב helps us to understand something about Judaic identity in the Persian period. The second line of reasoning helps us to understand something of how the priests understood their role in maintaining this identity. For them it was probably not only about Judaic identity, but obviously also about the power they held in this post-exilic society. Leviticus 10:10 will be a kind of pivot around which my arguments will be built, since this verse makes it very clear that priests were to imitate God, which obviously gave them a position of power. My engagement with the text could be described as mostly synchronic, but as always diachronic issues will feature from time to time.
One already encounters the Hebrew stem לדב in the first chapter of the Bible, in what has been known as the Priestly creation account in Genesis 1 in verses 4, 6, 7 and 14. These are used to describe the acts of Elohim in dividing the light from the darkness (v. 4, day one), and the waters above from the waters below (v. 6, day two). In these two acts Elohim is the subject of the two verbs. In verses 6 and 14 the expanse and the lights are the dividing agents.1 The first creation narrative is often used to show how highly the priestly authors regarded order. As Collins (2004:76) says: 'In the Priestly creation, everything must be in its proper place'.
According to Becking and Korpel (2010:7-8), the verb לדב is usually used with a preposition such as or and in these cases it is translated as 'to separate' or 'to differentiate'. Without the preposition it is either translated as 'to select'2 or as 'to split, cleave'3. Similarly Van Wolde (2009) described the functioning of the verb לדב as follows:
The action designated by the verb ל'דבה4 always concerns two distinct elements and this is marked by the twice repeated preposition preceding these distinct entities. (p. 20)
Van Wolde is actually interested in the occurrences in Genesis 1, but what she describes here is true of most of the occurrences we will discuss below, although there are a few exceptions, where we find the preposition , or no preposition at all, as pointed out by Becking and Korpel (2010)5 above.
In the book of Exodus the root occurs only once, in 26:33, where it refers to the curtain in the tent of meeting which is to separate the holy from the holy of holies .
In the book of Leviticus the root is used twice (1:17 and 5:8) to refer to doves brought as sacrifices, which the priests are to tear open without severing (לדב) them. These are the only two occurrences in Leviticus where the verb is used without a preposition.
In Leviticus 10:10, after the 'strange fire', incident a new command is given by YHWH to Aaron to distinguish between holy and profane, and between unclean and clean. Thus, whereas Elohim or some of his agents have been the subject of this verb, it now becomes part of the job of Aaron and his sons. Just as Elohim divided water and land on the first few days of creation, they are now to continue this task of implementing divisions. The root also occurs at the end of the next chapter in 11:47, where the command to distinguish between clean and unclean is repeated as a kind of summary to that chapter, which is concerned with clean and unclean animals.
The next occurrence of this root is found in Leviticus 20:24-26, which is usually regarded as part of the parenetic frame6 of the Holiness Code, where we find the root occurring four times. In the book of Numbers (8:14; 16:9 & 21) these terms usually refer to the special status of the Levites, although the text is clear that they are not as special as the priests. In 8:14 Moses is commanded to separate the Levites from the other Israelites. In 16:9 Moses addresses Korah and reminds him of his position of privilege in that Elohim had separated Korah and his fellow Levites from the rest of Israel. In 16:21 Moses and Aaron are addressed by Yahweh, who orders them to separate themselves from the community, so that He can destroy the community. This is still part of the same narrative about the rebellion of Korah. All of the examples I have mentioned up to now are in the Hif'il.
In the rest of the paper I will focus mainly on texts from the Pentateuch and especially Leviticus. For the sake of completeness I simply mention that one finds לדב in Ezekiel (three times),7 and in the books of Ezra8 and Nehemiah9 it is mostly used with regard to the so-called 'foreign women' texts. Apart from these examples, the term is found a few times in Deuteronomy,10 once in 1 Kings,11 in Chronicles12 and in Trito-Isaiah.13
Leviticus 10:10
In the final form of the book of Leviticus we find only two narratives. These are in Chapters 8-10 and 24:10-23.14 The first narrative describes the inauguration of the priests. Chapters 8 and 9 describe the ordination of the priests with an elaborate set of rituals being executed over a period of eight days. The end result is a cultic climax at the end of Leviticus 9, when the glory 3)דובכ of the Lord appears to all the people (v. 23) and eventually fire comes from the Lord and consumes the burnt offering (ההע) and the fat on the altar. Everybody seems happy,15 which includes YHWH, Moses, the priests and the people who witness the ritual, who are in awe (v. 24). Some scholars have argued that this was the original ending of the so-called Priestly Grundschrift (PG),16 but in the current form of Leviticus the narrative does not end here. It continues in Chapter 10 with the sons of Aaron bringing 'strange fire' to the altar and they end up like the burnt offering (לדב) in 9:23, namely 'consumed'. After their bodies have been removed, YHWH speaks directly to Aaron17 (Lv 10:9-11):18
Many explanations have been given on the question of what exactly the two sons of Aaron did wrong (Milgrom 1991:628635), but it is clearly a case of 'ritual failure' (Bibb 2009:111).19 We will take a closer look at one reason below, but one other important issue has been the unity of Chapter 10, which some have questioned. Thus Gerstenberger (1996) argues:
Even a cursory reading reveals that Leviticus 10 has been put together by different tradents and groups. The chapter lacks any thematic or stylistic unity, and everywhere we notice breaks, gaps, and doubling. (p. 115)
Other scholars have identified a chiastic structure in this chapter. Hartley (1992:129) identifies an ABA' structure which divides the chapter into three parts, namely verses 1-7, 8-11 and 12-20. For Hartley the chapter does not lack 'any thematic or stylistic unity', as Gerstenberger would have it. More recently Nihan (2007:602) has argued (against Gerstenberger) that Leviticus 10 'forms a complex yet coherent composition inserted by the final editor of Leviticus'.20 He thus thinks that the chapter as a whole forms some kind of unit, which was added to the whole book of Leviticus. We are thus now moving from synchronic issues to diachronic issues. This article is not that concerned with Chapter 10 as such, but is more interested in how 10:10 is related to the rest of Leviticus and to the other לדב texts in the Pentateuch.
One could argue that 10:10 forms part of the final redactional layer of the book, since it already says something about the two collections which follow in the rest of the book. Leviticus 11-15 is concerned with clean and unclean, and Leviticus 17-26, better known as the Holiness Code, is concerned with holiness. This verse thus connects two fairly diverse collections into one single command given to Aaron. To read verse 10 like this also implies that it was written or added after 11-15 and 17-26 were already part of the book of Leviticus, which brings us to the other diachronic issues.
As mentioned above, Nihan (2007:576-607) has argued that Leviticus 10 as a whole was the last chapter added to the book of Leviticus. Nihan (2007:579) first presents arguments as to why one should read Chapter 10 as 'a complex, yet nevertheless coherent narrative, whose general theme is the priests' observance of the law, (original emphasis) and then he (2007:579-602) offers a 'close study' of the whole chapter in which he engages with most of the exegetical issues associated with this chapter (and there are plenty). He makes the observation that the 'strange fire' in 10:1 has to do with the censer offering brought by Nadab and Abihu. This kind of offering had not been ordered in Leviticus 1-9, as the last clause in verse 1 clearly says: [He did not order them]. The attentive reader would notice that in the only two other texts in the Pentateuch which refer to censer incense offerings are to be found in Leviticus 16:1213 and Numbers 17:6-15 where 'the performance of this rite is always a competence reserved to the high priest' (Nihan's italics) (Nihan 2007:582). Nihan (2007:584) mentions many parallels between Leviticus 10 and Numbers 16, and then concludes (2007:585) that 'the interpolation of Lev 10 is contemporary with the last edition of Num 16-17 which, as argued above, should be assigned to the "theocratic revision" identified in Numbers by Achenbach'.21
Numbers 16-17 is about a struggle for power between Korah, Dathan and Abiram, on the one hand, and Aaron on the other, a struggle clearly won by Aaron. Numbers 16 is also one of the few places where the root לדב occurs in Numbers. Nihan (2007:602-607) argues that eventually Leviticus 10 became the 'founding legend of priestly exegesis.' Although Numbers 16 is a different issue, let us for the time being note that Leviticus 10 and Numbers 16 have more things in common22 than simply the root לדב.
Yet one does not only have to link Leviticus 10 to later (meaning both later in the Pentateuch and younger), but also to earlier (meaning both earlier in the Pentateuch and older) texts. In the rest of the article I will attempt to describe some of the links between 10:10 and the two following collections (11-15 and 17-26) and I will attempt to show that these are all closely connected to the Priestly creation narrative in Genesis 1.
Leviticus 10:10, 11-15 and Genesis 1
Liss (2008:348) has recently argued that there are clear links between the commands in Leviticus 10:10, Leviticus 11-15 and Genesis 1. She puts it as follows:
According to Leviticus 11-15, this outlining of the world's categories and particularities is one, if not the, priestly task. In this, the priestly task of separation (between tähor and täme, between counting 7 days of uncleanness up to an 8th day of purification etc.) becomes an imitatio dei, since one of God's major tasks during the act of creation was 'separation' of one entity from the other. (p. 348)
If Liss is correct then priests are being portrayed as (re)doing God's work by continuously repeating his acts in creation. Just as He created the world in a specific order, so it is their responsibility to maintain this order and make sure that everything is in its right place. Liss (2008:348) also specifically links Leviticus 10:10 with 11:47, where the command to distinguish between clean and unclean is repeated at the end of that chapter on clean and unclean animals. She also links it to Exodus 26:33, where it is the task of the curtain to keep the holy and the holy of holies apart.
With regard to Chapter 11 specifically, Nihan (2007:293) has argued that verses 2-23 made use of an original source or Vorlage which 'has been significantly expanded, and apparently partly harmonized with the P account on creation in Genesis 1'. Much later in his book, when he (2007:335-339) engages with the 'significance' of the dietary laws for Israel, he argues:
The placement of the törä on clean and unclean animals at the outset of the collection on impurities thus serves to connect this collection with the general theme of P, i.e. the restoration of the creational order and Israel's transformation in the 'priestly nation' among the other nations of the world. (p. 338)
For Nihan the connections between Leviticus 11 and the first creation narrative are clear, not only on the source critical level, but also in terms of the theological message of Chapter 11. The purpose of the chapter was to help Israel to conform to the creational order. Yet Nihan (2007:339) also argues that 'the törä of Lev 11 sets apart those who practice it from the rest of humanity' (Nihan's italics). Nihan (2007:383-394) dates this text to the first decades of the fifth century in the Achaemenid Period and one could thus say (with Meyer 2011:156) that 'an act of conformity to the cosmic order is an act of nonconformity to the Persian Empire'. The term 'nonconformity' is often used by the North American scholar Daniel Smith-Christopher (2002:137-162) when discussing Leviticus 11. Other scholars have argued similarly. Thus, Gerstenberger (1996) puts it as follows:
They [i.e. the laws of Lev 11] serve to identify one's own group (confession) and to provide a delimitation in relation to the outside. This finds unequivocal expression in the two concluding explanations in Lev. 11:44-47.23 (p. 145)
Leviticus 11 is thus clearly related to the first creation narrative and in the broader priestly world view, abiding by the rules of this chapter meant abiding by the order Elohim built into his creation, but it is also closely related to maintaining Jewish identity in the Persian Empire.
Yet, a scholar like Liss (2008:348-352) sees also further connections between Leviticus 12-15 and creation, and especially the command in Genesis 1:28 to be fruitful and multiply. She concludes:
One could, therefore, say that the Priestly narrative portrays the installation of the cult and the laws of ritual purity as the initiation of the teaching of the categories the created world consists of. (p. 352)
It should thus be clear that it is not only about the priests of 10:10 doing what Elohim did in Genesis 1, but in priestly theology the law helped Israel to conform to that creation. What Liss means by 'cult' is not that clear from her article, but other scholars have made the link between cult and creation much clearer.24 This line of thought also continues into what has traditionally been known as the Holiness Code, which is often regarded today as post-Priestly literature.25
Leviticus 10:10, 17-26 and creation
In a mostly synchronic study Ruwe (1999:90-97) has described the basic theme of the second part of the Holiness Code (chs. 23-25) as 'Sabbath', which also takes it back to the seventh day of the first creation story. The Leitmotiv of the first part is 'fear of the sanctuary' (Ruwe 1999:103).26 Ruwe (1999:103-115) also has a larger argument that the sanctuary functions as a kind of restoration of the creation, or what he calls a 'schöpfungsrestitutive Funktion' [creation-restoring function]. In his argument he first takes a step back and looks at the description of the building of the Sanctuary in the second half of Exodus. Ruwe (1999:104-105) argues, for instance, that there are many 'Anspielungen' [allusions] between the tent sanctuary in the second part of Exodus and creation. Ruwe (1999:106) argues that 'Schöpfungswerk' [act of creation] and 'Heiligtumsbau' [sanctuary building] are presented as parallel acts.27 For Ruwe (1999:107) creation is at its heart a process of 'fortlaufender Scheidung und Trennung und darauf basierender Zuordnung darzustellen' (original emphasis) [continuous separation and division and building of order based on that]. He (1999:107-110) also offers a thorough reading of Genesis 1 and then compares that text to the Priestly texts describing the building of the sanctuary:
Es ist gerade dieser Grundzug von Trennung/Scheidung und Zuordnung und die damit verbundene Einteilung der Welt in unterschiedliche Lebensräume, der auch ein zentrales Strukturelement des priesterlichen Zeltheiligtums ist. [It is precisely this characteristic of division or separation and systematic arranging and the related division of the world in different living spaces, which is also a central element of the Priestly tent sanctuary.] (p. 111)
Just as Elohim created spaces to live in on the first three days of creation by the act of separation, so in a kind of parallel act the completion of a sanctuary leads to different ritual spaces (Ruwe 1999:111). The texts on which Ruwe is building his argument are Genesis 1 and the second half of the book of Exodus. As already said, for Ruwe (1999:115-120) the theme of the first part of the Holiness Code is fear of the sanctuary and the sanctuary has a 'creation restoring function'. The Holiness Code takes these principles and then applies them to ethics, or as Ruwe (1999) puts it:
Der erste Hauptteil des Heiligkeitsgesetzes zielt u.E. [unseres Erachtens] insofern darauf ab, die schöpfungsrestitutive Funktion des Heiligtums im Bereich der Ethik gleichsam fortzusetzen. [The first main part of the Holiness Code aims in this respect to pursue the creation-restoring function of the sanctuary in the field of ethics.] (p. 115)
For Ruwe (1999:115-120) the theme of the first part of the Holiness Code is an 'ethic of the sanctuary', whereas the second part is an 'ethic of the Sabbath'. Although the root לדב does not occur in the laws of the part of the Holiness Code, the idea of keeping everything in its proper place seems to be prevalent. Just think of the laws against mixing in 19:19 (Ruwe 1999:116), or the prescription about whom priests may marry and whom not in 21:7-14 (Ruwe 1999:117). For Ruwe the cosmological concept of Scheidung und Trennung [separation and division] is the basic theme of many of these laws, derived from concepts going back to Genesis 1.
My argument up to this point has been that Priestly and post-Priestly (i.e. the Holiness Code) texts are embedded in P's initial creation narrative. Ruwe has pointed out that the building of the sanctuary in the second half of Exodus is a kind of parallel act to creation. The collection of clean and unclean in Leviticus 11-15 also shares many features with the first creation narrative as pointed out by Nihan and Liss. And the Holiness Code is also closely connected to the first creation narrative, either through the concept of Sabbath in the latter half, or through the motive of the fear of the sanctuary in the first half, as pointed out by Ruwe. One should also add to that the fact that Leviticus 10:10 links both of these collections (11-15 and 17-26) to the command given to Aaron by YHWH which (as mentioned before) is the only place in the whole Sinai pericope where YHWH directly issues a command to Aaron only. The command implies that the priests are to do what Elohim did in Genesis 1. Being a priest is thus not only about maintaining the cult, but actually about maintaining creation. In the rest of the article we need to look at the other examples of the root bin in the Holiness Code.
Leviticus 10:10 and 20:24-26
These three verses are part of what some28 have called the parenetic frame of the Holiness Code. This frame starts in Chapter 18 and is often characterised by Holiness language, as we also see here in verse 26, which is, of course, why it has been called the Holiness Code. According to Otto (1999:172), this frame consists of the following texts: Leviticus 18:1-5, 24-30; 19:1-4; 20:7-8, 22-27; 22:8, 31-33; 25:18-19, 38, 42, 55 and 26:1-2. The Holiness Language is not found in Chapter 18, it only starts in 19:2, but from the start there is an explicit link between adhering to the regulation or laws and living in the land. The text clearly states that if the addressees do not comply with these laws, the land will vomit them out (Hif, iop), as it did with the previous inhabitants. This is already said at the end of Chapter 18. The root bin is only used at the end of Chapter 20.
לדב is used in at least three different ways. In verses 24 and 26 YHWH is the subject of the verb and YHWH is separating the addressees from (preposition ) the nations around them. In verse 24 we have a connection with the promise of land, which links it to what has previously been said about the vomiting out from the land, and in verse 26 the command to be holy, which has also occurred in Chapter 19. In verse 25 we find something rather similar to 11:47 and the first part of the command in 10:10 (preposition ), although it now seems that the addressees are the subject of the verb, whereas in 10:10 it was Aaron. In verse 25 the verb bin is also used in a third sense where YHWH is the subject, but the object seems to be the species of animals deemed unclean. We have thus a kind of inclusion where verses 24 and 26 refer to YHWH separating the addressees from the nations, and in the middle the root is used with regard to clean and unclean animals, very much the kind of thing we had in Leviticus 11.
I have mentioned above that some scholars (i.e. Gerstenberger 1996; Nihan 2007; Smith-Christopher 2002) have argued that the purpose of eating correctly had a lot to do with identity issues during the Achaemenid period. I used Smith-Christopher's concept of nonconformity. The purpose of eating correctly was in fact to be different from the nations . That was an interpretation of the laws in Chapter 11, but the fact that the editor of the Holiness Code here (in 20:24-26) combined right eating in verse 25 with being separated from others in verses 24 and 26 shows that that interpretation is the correct one. Leviticus 20 makes explicit what was implied in Leviticus 11. Thus in Achaemenid Yehud to distinguish between clean and unclean and being separated from others were two sides of the same coin. For many scholars the Holiness Code is a post-Priestly development which takes us towards the end of the fifth century BCE.29 For Nihan, for instance, the only text that appears later in the book of Leviticus is Chapter 10.
After providing an overview of the occurrence and semantic possibilities of the Hebrew root bin, I have argued above that Leviticus 10:10 is a pivotal text not only in Leviticus, but in the Pentateuch at large. Leviticus 10:10 points forward to Leviticus 11-15 which is concerned with clean and unclean and to the Holiness Code (17-26), but it also shows that these texts were imbedded in P's understanding of creation. I also argued (following Liss) that when the command was given to Aaron in Leviticus 10:10 it meant that priests understood themselves as imitating God and by maintaining the cult they were in fact maintaining creation. Furthermore, it was argued, especially in the light of Leviticus 20:24-26, that these texts (i.e. with root bin) also said something about maintaining identity in Persian Period Yehud.
It should thus be clear that the priests had a special position of privilege and power within Achaemenid Yehud. They were doing God's work. Just as he ordered the world in six days by separating things which did not belong together, so the priests were to keep things apart which did not belong together. This clearly gave them a privileged position. As Olyan (2000) puts it:
The rhetoric of holy and common, of separation, of being brought near or encroaching, so central to biblical texts describing the function and organization of the cult, is a rhetoric charged with social significance. (p. 35) [Emphasis in original]
What he means by 'social significance' is that this kind of language is often used to justify the power of the priestly elite. A further question, which I have been avoiding up to now is, of course, exactly who were these priests who formed the elite and who had the power? Were the priests who added Chapter 10 to Leviticus, Aaronides or Zadokites? In this regard Old Testament scholarship is far from reaching any kind of consensus. Achenbach (2003:93-110) argues that what happens in Leviticus 10 reflects rather badly on the Aaronide Priesthood and is pro-Zadokite. Nihan (2007:606) disagrees with him. There is very little certainty on how the struggles between the Aaronides and Zadokites are reflected in Old Testament texts. There is obviously much more certainty that the priests who edited the Pentateuch were not Levites.
Recently Watts (2011:417-430) has engaged with the presentation of Aaron in the golden calf episode, in which he asked the question of why this incident was left to stand, although it apparently reflected badly on Aaron. Eventually Watts (2011:430) concludes that 'the faults of venerated cultural heroes do not detract from their standing'. His argument is obviously far more extensive and it is fairly open to criticism as relying too much on speculation, but still he could be correct. Could it not be a rather ancient case of 'any publicity is good publicity'? Similarly in Leviticus 10 the sons of Aaron err, but they are simply replaced by other sons and Aaron's position is untouched. What is more, in verse 10 Yahweh addresses Aaron and excludes Moses, and the command given to Aaron implies that he and his sons are to imitate God. The power of the priests seems to be greatly enhanced after the incident.
Be that as it may, executing sacrifices and declaring people clean and unclean were not innocent acts of maintaining a cultic system, but were acts expressing power. It should also be apparent that there were power struggles in Yehud between priests and Levites, and between Aaronide and Zadokite priests.30 The winners of this power struggle produced the Pentateuch and the texts which we call P and post-P.
What should also be clear, though, is that separation from the peoples was very much part of the identity developed in Persian-period Yehud. In this process of identity formation or negotiation, the priests, the final authors of the Torah, played a crucial but privileged role.
Competing interests
The author declares that he has no financial or personal relationship(s) which may have inappropriately influenced him in writing this article.
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Cholewinski, A., 1976, Heiligkeitsgesetz und Deuteronomium. Eine vergleichende Studie, Biblical Institute Press, Rome. (Analecta Biblica). [ Links ]
Elliger, K., 1966, Leviticus, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen. (Handbuch zum Alten Testament, 1. Reihe). [ Links ]
Frevel, C., 2000, Mit Blick auf das Land die Schöpfung erinnern. Zum Ende der Priestergrundschrift, Herder, Freiburg. (Herders Biblische Studien). [ Links ]
Gerstenberger, E.S., 1996, Leviticus, A Commentary, Westminster John Knox Press, Louisville. (Old Testament Library). [ Links ]
Gerstenberger, E.S., 2005, Israel in der Perserzeit. 5. und 4. Jahrhundert v.Chr, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart. (Biblische Enzyklopädie). [ Links ]
Hartley, J.E., 1992, Leviticus, Word, Dallas. (Word Biblical Commentary). [ Links ]
Hundley, M.B., 2011, Keeping Heaven on Earth, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen. (Forschungen zum Alten Testament, 2. Reihe). [ Links ]
Krüger, T., 2011, 'Genesis 1:1-2:3 and the Development of the Pentateuch', in T.B. Dozeman, K. Schmid & B.J. Schwartz (eds.), The Pentateuch, pp. 125-138, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen. (Forschungen zum Alten Testament). [ Links ]
Liss, H., 2008, 'Ritual Purity and the Construction of Identity: The Literary Function of the Laws of Purity in the Book of Leviticus', in T. Römer (ed.), The Books of Leviticus and Numbers, pp. 329-354, Uitgeverij Peeters, Leuven. (Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium). [ Links ]
Meyer, E.E., 2011, 'Respect for Animal Life in the Book of Leviticus: How "Green" Were the Priestly Authors?', Old Testament Essays 24(1), 142-158. [ Links ]
Milgrom, J., 1991, Leviticus 1-16, A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, Doubleday, New York. (Anchor Bible). [ Links ]
Milgrom, J., 1999, 'The Antiquity of the Priestly Source: A Reply to Joseph Blenkinsopp', Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 111, 10-22. [ Links ]
Nihan, C., 2007, From Priestly Torah to Pentateuch, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen. (Forschungen zum Alten Testament, 2. Reihe). [ Links ]
Olyan, S.M., 2000, Rites and Rank: Hierarchy in Biblical Representations of Cult, Princeton University Press, Princeton. [ Links ]
Otto, E., 1999, 'Innerbiblische Exegese im Heiligkeitsgesetz Levitikus 17-26', in H-J. Fabry & H-W. Jüngling (Hrsg.), Levitikus als Buch, pp. 125-196, Philo, Bonn. (Bonner Biblische Beiträge). [ Links ]
Otto, E., 2009, Die Tora: Studien zum Pentateuch. Gesammelte Aufsätze, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden. (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für Altorientalische und biblische Rechtsgeschichte). [ Links ]
Ruwe, A., 1999, 'Heiligkeitzgesetz' und 'Priesterschrift', Literaturgeschichtliche und rechtssystematische Untersuchungen zu Leviticus 17,1-26, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen. (Forschungen zum Alten Testament). [ Links ]
Schaper, J., 2000, Priester und Leviten im achämenidischen Juda, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen. (Forschungen zum Alten Testament). [ Links ]
Smith, C.R., 1996, 'The Literary Structure of Leviticus', Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 70, 17-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030908929602107002 [ Links ]
Smith-Christopher, D.L., 2002, A Biblical Theology of Exile, Fortress Press, Minneapolis. (Overtures to Biblical Theology). [ Links ]
Van Wolde, E., 2009, 'Why the Verb ton Does Not Mean "To Create" in Genesis 1.1-2.4a', Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 34(1), 3-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309089209348155 [ Links ]
Watts, J.W., 2011, 'Aaron and the Golden Calf in the Rhetoric of the Pentateuch', Journal of Biblical Literature 130(3), 417-430. [ Links ]
Correspondence to:
Esias Meyer
Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028
South Africa
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Received: 06 Dec. 2011
Accepted: 31 Mar. 2012
Published: 23 July 2012
© 2012. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS OpenJournals. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.
1. For a very recent attempt to identify different layers in Genesis 1, see Krüger (2011:125-138). For Krüger (2011:135) 'the accentuation of acts of "separation" (b-d-l, hip'il) in the process of creation' is part of a second layer, or what he (2011:134) calls the 'expanded creation account'.
2.The examples they refer to include Deuteronomy 4:41; Ezra 10:16; 1 Chronicles 23:13. See Becking and Korpel (2010:7, n. 25).
3.Becking and Korpel (2010:8, n. 26) refer to Leviticus 1:17 and 5:8.
4.Since the verb mostly occurs in the Hif'il, Van Wolde consistently writes it in that form.
5.One should also note that Becking and Korpel (2010) are actually writing in response to and against the arguments proposed by Van Wolde (2009). She argues that the root in Genesis 1 should be translated similarly to the way we translate לדב. They disagree.
6.See, for instance, Otto (1999:172-176).
7.See Ezra 22:26, 39:14 and 42:20.
8.See Ezra 6:21; 8:24; 9:1 and 10:8, 11 and 16. Ezra 6:21 refers to people who were not part of the Gola, but 'separated themselves from the pollutions of the nations of the land' in order to join the exiles. 8:24 is about Ezra setting 'apart twelve of the leading priests', whereas 9:1 and 10:11 are used to refer to the Israelites separating themselves from the nation in a broader context, that of marrying foreign women.
9.See Nehemiah 9:2; 10:29 and 13:3.
10.Deuteronomy 4:41; 10:8; 19:2, 7 and 29:20.
11.1 Kings 8:53.
12.See 1 Chronicles 12:9; 23:13; 25:1 and 2 Chronicles 25:10.
13.Isaiah 56:3 (x2) and 59:2.
14.Some, like Smith (1996), have actually argued that Leviticus 16 should also be regarded as a kind of narrative. His argument (Smith 1996:25) is especially based on what he calls the 'important structural function' of the narrative in the book. Bibb (2009:132-133) has also described Leviticus 16 as a 'ritualized narrative'. Whether or not one understands Leviticus 16 as a narrative is not really relevant for my argument and I will therefore follow the more traditional view that there are only two narratives in Leviticus.
15.Hundley (2011:55) argues that joy is a 'seemingly ubiquitous feature' when it comes to the dedication of temples in the Bible and the Ancient Near East. He refers to the dedication of the temple in 1 Kings 8 and examples from Mesopotamia, Egypt and Ugarit.
16.See, for instance, the overview by Frevel (2000:148-180), who engages with the arguments of the late Erich Zenger. Or see Nihan (2007:20-31), who initially does not commit himself to a specific ending, but settles for an ending in the Sinai pericope. Later Nihan (2007:340) argues for an initial ending in Leviticus 16.
17.This seems to be the only place where YHWH speaks only to Aaron in Leviticus. Later YHWH does speak to Moses and Aaron in Leviticus 11:1; 13:1; 14:33 and 15:1. See Nihan (2007:602).
18.All Bible verses below are from the NRSV.
19.Milgrom's (1991:596-598, 628-635) opinion is that the priests used their own censers and that they used fire from a different source. See Bibb's (2009:119-120) criticism of Milgrom.
20.Nihans argument was extensively criticised by Otto. Otto (2009:117-118) agrees that the chapter has a chiastic structure, but he argues that the middle part (verses d 8-15) is actually older. Where Nihan would thus attribute the whole chapter to a theocratic redaction, Otto argues that only the two outer parts (v. 1-7 and 16-20) should be attributed to this last redaction.
21.Nihan is referring to the work of Achenbach (2003:66-75).
22.See also Achenbach (2003:94).
23.In another work Gerstenberger (2005:382) describes these kinds of thoughts as die Konstruktion von trennender Andersartigkeit [the construction of a dividing differentness].
24.Liss (2008) hardly discusses Leviticus 1-9, where sacrifices are described. In this sense she says very little of the cult and the purpose of the cult itself.
25.See, for instance, the work of Otto (1999), who is following Elliger (1966) and Cholewinsky (1976). The same goes for many of the other scholars referred to in this article such as Nihan (2007) and Achenbach (2003). Or more recently see Achenbach (2008).
26.Ruwes (1999:98-105) argument is based on his reading of Leviticus 26:1-2. He argues that this is an Unterschrift, by which he means a kind of concluding summary. Ruwe (1999:98-99) argues further that these two verses are not clearly connected to either Leviticus 25 or to the rest of Leviticus 26 and have therefore a different role to play. He (1999:102-103) then argues that the Holiness Code can be divided into two parts, namely 17:1-22:33 and 23:1-25:55. He also states that 26:2 has a double positive command: commanding fear of the sanctuary and obeying of the Sabbaths. For Ruwe the second command clearly refers to
Leviticus 23:1-25:55, in which different festivals mostly based on the Sabbath feature. This then leaves us with fear of the sanctuary, which then becomes the theme of Leviticus 17:1-22:33.
27.For a similar argument, see Carr and Conway (2010:195).
28.See Otto (1999:172-176).
29.See, for instance, Nihan (2007:572-575), or Achenbach (2008:155).
30.See also Schaper (2000:174-193) for a description of the possible struggle during the Persian Period between different priestly groups.


text:
TMMK President Wil James calls 25 millionth production vehicle a pivotal time in Toyota's North American manufacturing history.
TMMK Team Members help mark the 25 millionth North American-built vehicle milestone at the Georgetown, Ky., plant on Oct. 30, 2012.
A 2013 Avalon is Toyota's 25 millionth North American-assembled vehicle.
Kentucky Gov. Steve Beshear addresses the crowd at Toyota's Georgetown, Ky., plant.
University of Kentucky Basketball Coach John Calipari joins TMMK team members celebrate the 25 millionth North American production vehicle.
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text: This news item expired on 11/30/2012, so the information below could be outdated or incorrect. Rep Elect Ramsey's Listening Tour Dates Rep Elect Nathan Ramsey of the NC House District 115 will hold meetings throughout the County to hear citizens concerns. ALL MEETINGS WILL BEGIN AT 7 PM November 27 (Tuesday) North Asheville Library December 6 (Thursday) Swannanoa Fire Dept/Bee Tree Station December 10 (Monday) Woodfin Town Hall December 17 (Monday) Fairview Library December 18 (Tuesday) Barnardsville Fire Department December 20 (Thursday) Weaverville Town Hall January 7 (Monday) Black Mountain Library Everyone is invited to attend these LISTENING TOUR community meetings. Rep. Elect Ramsey wants to hear what is on your mind. The 2013 North Carolina General Assembly will convene on January 9 in Raleigh. It is anticipated some of the major issues on the agenda will most likely be state tax, transportation, and education reform in addition to budget matters. For additional information please contact Nathan at email@example.com or (828)768-3216.


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Taylor Swift Opens Up About a Future in Acting and Admiration for Emma Stone
In addition to her powerhouse country music career, Taylor Swift has been slowly dipping her toe into the waters of acting. Most recently, she starred as the voice of Audrey in the Dr. Seuss film 'The Lorax,' but the blonde starlet has had a significant taste of the big screen in her young career. In 2010, she portrayed a high school student in love in the flick 'Valentine's Day.'
Swift doesn't deny the fact that she would love to get more involved in the realm of acting, and in fact talks about it a lot as of late, but she says she's being intentional about where she dives in.
"I've been reading scripts for about five years — just kind of under the radar, asking my agents to please send me everything that might be good," she tells Inquirer Entertainment. "When I look at acting careers that I really admire, I see that it's been a precise decision-making process for these people. They make decisions based on what they love and they do only the things that they are passionate about. They play only characters that they can't stop thinking about."
Some of Swift's acting muses are her best friend Emma Stone and 'The Hunger Games' star Jennifer Lawrence, also adding Daniel Day-Lewis and Will Smith to the list. Of Smith specifically, Swift says, "He's made such brilliant decisions. He's so charismatic."
While many of her fans may not know this, Swift says she actually started out her career in acting, not music. "When I was growing up in Pennsylvania, auditioning for Broadway was my dream," she dishes. "I went to several auditions in New York. I was always going there for vocal and acting lessons … and for auditions, where you stand in line in a long hallway with a lot of people. (I've always been freakishly tall, like a giant.) After a few years of auditioning in New York and not getting anything, I started writing songs. But I never lost my love for theater."
While the 'Ours' singer can be somewhat glad the acting career didn't pan out since it drove her to what has become an internationally celebrated singing career, Swift doesn't have to give up her acting dreams for good. And with best friends like Stone, maybe she'll pick up some tips along the way.
"We've been best friends since we were 17," she says of 'The Help' star, explaining what they do when they get together. "I cook and Emma bakes. Those are our specialties. We just talk about our lives. That's how I feel when I'm with friends that I've had for years. Those are the people that I can just rant to. These are the people who know me the best. It's crazy with all of my friends having such busy schedules and me always being gone. When you do see your friends, you value the time with them."


text:
Hair Takes Spotlight in Anti-Aging Boom
The latest anti-aging sales pitch: Keeping your hair young-looking. Elizabeth Holmes looks at how the beauty industry is pushing consumers to worry about the "old hair" problems they never knew they had.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... I ... forget wrinkles as you're here needed Facelift to our intrepid hero when Elizabeth Holmes has been ... canvassing the haircare landscape define the latest anti aging treatments for on lots ... um I got talent or the teaching here wanting them were the I think every time I have a headline that if you're here all it's my hair all but Leno down ... if my here were the deal is also not saying that in its work ... what are the products out there pitching high that they can ... help them ... to him sexy here here in fact I ate just like everything I knew I mean as you know that this is the need for a hair ... that that texture the hair is awesome is changing its user prior and more brittle and ... break it into the office and can listen here and in ... some of the ... military well sounds late to ... the Beazley's then fanned out around ... the story is that events have been a might pay for women ... in these acts are coming out to try and and ah for topical solution so these are your Certusi inner row game like severe if any problem with the roots of this is yet exactly washing your hair with me is this for certain where the masses were there trying to come up with things that will make your hair look better for service plan ... and heard them talk to you about time here in diameter how here in diameter says he has the advantage of the what the microscope exactly on ... the site from Grain Adha Over Osman thickness of there's a big concern when in and basically went canteen did was they studied to the thickness of each individual strand because ... as you get older it not only having fewer follicles serve growing hearing or had an awesome day in the toaster and he ... is getting better so that the man or an accident it may have been advanced aging ... the Queen Street and that will serve add ... about five percent CD and thickness of each of the dough strand which they say it ... brings about the appearance at sixty five hundred more ... strands of hair there had been the circus or intense and I I ... all the racing series business ... this is the Solus talk about what it means to the industry any day ... it seems to me ... that the Parliament a patient's skin care industry and how they're going ... about the skincare she's been very successful meeting with anti aging were all like ... to bring on a whim and are willing to spend a ton of money an anti aging skin care products so the candidates are hoping that the business in that they're they're ... they're taking on accusing using some of the same language they're not using words like old ... hat and things like that Ukraine Yuasa heaven and offering the promise of this the end result ... also taken its minty is more of a regimen so aside from shampoo and conditioner they wanted to leave in treatment ... option to be part of this year you what you're willing to open another part time before you start your styling ... Richard he told The that other stuff that also didn't sister had ended with racing on this newly painted pricing that ... we are absolutely these these products are much more expensive than your average ... investor ... Elizabeth Holmes are preparing for your is beautiful ... it's L eighty Miami not ideal and then hunted like an eighteen ...


text:
Clear and engaging, Linda Berg's INTRODUCTORY BOTANY: PLANTS, PEOPLE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT helps you develop an appreciation of the diverse organisms we call plants, including their remarkable adaptations to the environment and their evolutionary and ecological relationships. Filled with fascinating feature boxes, intriguing chapter-opening stories, and other applied content, the text contains interesting and topical information that will pique your curiosity and help you succeed in your course. Berg shows you the many ways in which plants are fascinating in their own right, important for the existence of all life on Earth, and useful for humans in all aspects of our lives. INTRODUCTORY BOTANY: PLANTS, PEOPLE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT is beautifully and clearly illustrated and features a dynamic art program that helps you visualize even the most complex concepts.Linda R. Berg is the author of 'Introductory Botany: Plants, People, and the Environment, Media Edition (with InfoTrac 1-Semester, Premium Web Site Printed Access Card)', published 2007 under ISBN 9780534466695 and ISBN 0534466699.[read more]
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Improve your odds by 71% in winning Belgium Lotto with magayo Lotto software and see the winning Jackpot ticket of magayo Lotto user on 4th March 2017!
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text: Here's a pic of the "new" clark suspension for the NX200 if anyone is interested. As you can see to the right, there's a nylon strap connected to one of the bungee cords, and the bungee is in a simple overhand knot over the suspension. The other end of the bungee attaches to the tarp, which I had off for this pic.


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Virginia Park Joins Leisure Systems Inc. Chain
March 24, 2011 by RVBusiness · Comments Off on Virginia Park Joins Leisure Systems Inc. Chain
Gloucester Point Family Campground has become the fifth campground in Virginia to join the Jellystone Park Camp-Resorts chain.
"We're in the conversion process right now," Eileen Gedicke, park owner, stated in a news release, adding that Jellystone's name recognition, marketing and reputation for fun family activities will help increase revenues and occupancies at the 230-site park, which is located less than a half-hour from Williamsburg.
"We're putting in a splashpark for the 2011 season," Gedicke said. "It's going to have two slides that come off of a 12-foot high platform as well as six water features and a zero-entry swimming pool."
The park, which is located on the Severn River, a tributary to Chesapeake Bay, is also a popular destination for kayaking and boating enthusiasts. "From our docks they can get out into open water," Gedicke said.
The campground is also upgrading some its rental accommodations, replacing several travel trailers with new park model cabins that include full size bathrooms and kitchens.
Jellystone Parks are widely known for having unique activities and special themed weekends, which is something Gloucester Point Family Campground has offered for years. This year's events will include a carnival, numerous competitive games, parades, Karaoke and game nights and a "Chocolate Extravaganza" as well as Halloween themed events. Of course, all these activities will have an extra element of fun with Yogi Bear participating. Yogi will be on site daily to greet campers, pose for photo ops and take part in events.
Launched in 1969, the Jellystone Park system is the second largest chain of campgrounds in the United States, boasting 75 campgrounds with more than 15,000 campsites in 28 states and Canada. Its Camp-Resorts are among the best campgrounds in the industry with a quality reputation for being fun, friendly, clean and service-oriented parks. Additionally, each Jellystone Park is themed with Yogi Bear elements providing instant recognition and consumer appeal. It is truly a place "Where You Camp With Friends."
Yogi Bear's Jellystone Park Camp-Resorts are franchised through Leisure Systems Inc. (LSI), a wholly owned subsidiary of The Park River Corp., Cincinnati, Ohio. For more information, visit www.campjellystone.com.


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Cashen Pitches New Idea for Electric Vehicles
November 1, 2010 by RVBusiness · Comments Off on Cashen Pitches New Idea for Electric Vehicles
Electric Motors and Vehicles Co. (EMAV), a global technology, product development and production company focused on rugged electric vehicles and electric vehicle technologies, today (Nov. 1) announced the expansion of its relationship with Mopar.
Wakarusa, Ind.-based EMAV will provide investigative R&D, design and engineering for the EMAV power regeneration unit (PRU) trailer, a patent-pending self-propelled electric vehicle power regeneration system that substantially extends the range of any electric vehicle, according to a news release.
The introduction of the PRU follows the Mopar – Jeep Off Road Camper/Trailer series, the first vehicle line engineered, tested and assembled by EMAV as a tier two supplier to Mopar; it is currently being sold through the Chrysler network of over 2,500 dealers in North America. EMAV intends to deliver further rugged tech products to the market in 2011.
The PRU is an evolution of the Jeep Off Road Camper/Trailers, integrated with electric control technologies developed by EMAV. This new electric car range extender is expected to hit the market in the second half of 2011, with a running prototype scheduled for Q1 2011.
The PRU will benefit owners of electric vehicles sold globally by making it possible to take an already capable electric vehicle on much longer trips, and enabling consumers to charge their electric vehicle where infrastructure does not yet exist. The PRU is intended to supply electric energy to any electric vehicle over the next 10 years while the government and the transportation industry establish the necessary national electric vehicle charging station infrastructure.
"For electric cars to be truly viable for a mass consumer audience, we need to bridge the gap between low-range electric vehicles that can travel moderate distances to electric vehicles which can truly become the sole family vehicle," said Wil Cashen, founder and president, EMAV and formerly affiliated with Electric Motors Corp. "JD Power says that sales of electric vehicles will hit only 2 million in 2020 – that is slow adoption, much due to the current range of these vehicles. Our goal is to move the marketplace beyond the first generation of electric vehicles to more powerful and rugged cars that also have endurance. This will evolve the electric car paradigm from a supplemental to a primary car for consumers."
Internally tasked with activating the lifestyle segment for Jeep as a tier two supplier, EMAV's Tech Camper/Trailers offer the rugged design elements popular with off-road vehicles such as Jeep. The EMAV Tech Camper/Trailers have been engineered and trail-tested over 300,000 miles, becoming the first camper/trailer to win the coveted Jeep "Trail Rated" badge. EMAV's Tech Camper/Trailers can be purchased in a number of designs to fit active lifestyles, such as camping, extreme off-roading, hunting, or fishing.
EMAV currently has patents pending for numerous electric vehicle power regeneration systems, vehicle electronics, and electric drive systems technologies, many of which are expected to be introduced to the global markets in late 2011. In the coming year EMAV will continue its strategic, incremental approach to product development with Mopar and through other new markets to introduce practical, common sense ideas that work.
For more information, visit www.emavco.com.


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At the far end of Emerald Lake, with cotton-ball flakes falling from thick grey clouds that clung to the ice-smeared ramparts high above, we stopped on the wooden bridge crossing the inlet stream and absorbed the scene. Snow-caked pine trees lined the creek and a surreal winter-white beauty hung over everything. After snapping the obligatory pictures, we clipped back into our cross-country skies and hit the trail. Fortunately, thanks to a new agreement between Yoho National Park, Emerald Lake Lodge, and the Kicking Horse Ski Club, there is a trail.
For decades now, the cross-country skiing at Emerald Lake Lodge has been world-renowned. The 10 kilometer Alluvial Fan Loop Trail, the Natural Bridge Trail, the Tally-Ho, the Connector Trail (it links the town of Field to Emerald Lake) and, of course, the 5.3 kilometer loop around the lake offer incredible Nordic skiing experiences. For beginners and recreational skiers who crave a relatively short, scenic glide, the trail around the lake is especially good. All in all, the comprehensive trail system accessed from Emerald Lake includes over 30 kilometers of some of the best cross-country skiing in the country.
Unfortunately, however, in the spring of 2012 Parks Canada announced that, due to budget cuts, it would no longer be able to set and maintain cross-country ski trails in Yoho National Park, including the trails at Emerald Lake, which are situated in the heart of this storied National park. "The decision left many local skiers extremely disappointed," said Lauren Webb, the Media and Marketing Manager with Emerald Lake Lodge, which is owned by Canadian Rocky Mountain Resorts. "A number of parties, including management at the lodge and members of the Kicking Horse Ski Club, sped into action. It became clear that something needed to be done quickly or we were going to lose these trails for winter skiing."
Fortunately, in August 2012 an agreement was reached between the park and the community. Essentially, the partnership stated the staff of the lodge as well as the Kicking Horse Ski Club would take over the track setting and grooming of the trails. And the park, which owned the grooming equipment, would lend it out — as well as provide avalanche safety advice — so the trails could be utilized for skiing.
"It was a win win," said Marilyn Toulouse with the Kicking Horse Ski Club. "A lot of people breathed a collectively sigh of relief when this agreement was reached. However, the agreement is only valid for this year. Going forward, it looks like the community effort will need to continue and, likely, expand in order for the trails to stay open."
Interestingly, a few years ago the Kicking Horse Ski Club sold all of its grooming equipment (when the park took over maintenance of the trails), however, it will now have to go out and buy it all over again. "We are going to have to increase our membership fees to absorb the added costs," said Toulouse, a senior member with the 24-year-old club. "However, we're going to do everything we can to make sure cross-country skiing in Yoho National Park continues on."
Throughout our leisurely two-hour trip around the lake (my wife was on snowshoes and I was on skis, which we rented at Emerald Sports & Gifts located in the boathouse), we were reminded of how special this place is. The lake itself, discovered in 1882 by famous CPR guide Tom Wilson, is one of the jewels of the Canadian Rockies. Surrounded by some of the most recognizable peaks in British Columbia — including The President, The Vice President, Mount Burgess, and Mount Carnarvon — Emerald Lake is the largest and, arguably, the most beautiful lake in Yoho National Park.
Built in 1902 from hand-hewn timbers, the Emerald Lake Lodge is a spectacular home base for your outdoor adventures. Our cozy second-floor room, overlooking the frozen, snow-covered paradise, was an idyllic, fire-warmed respite; the quintessential Canadian lodge experience. The Mount Burgess Dining Room is elegant and simply stunning. The food is unforgettable. Emerald Lake is also one of the only lodges in the mountain parks that's open year round and boasts easy access to the backcountry.
After morning coffee and a scrumptious breakfast in the lodge, we geared up and hit the trail. It didn't take long and we realized we had this spectacular snow-bound amphitheater to ourselves. It was still early in the season and, it being mid-week, the public parking lot was nearly empty. For my wife and I, it was an opportunity to talk about things that mattered (without kids around!), and leave the fast-paced city life behind for awhile. Our pace was slow at best and we stopped often to take pictures and absorb the beauty. And, when it was all said and done, we tipped our toques to the many people involved who continue to make skiing at Emerald Lake a reality.
If you go
Emerald Lake is located approximately 35 kilometers west of Lake Louise near the town of Field. The Emerald Lake Road is a paved 12 kilometer road that ends right at the public parking lot. For more information on skiing and the Emerald Lake Lodge visit: www.crmr.com, www.khsc.ca, www.pc.gc.ca.