text: Release by PARA LIGHT DCC PARA LIGHT ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. 4F, No.1, Lane 93, Chien Yi Road, Chung Ho City, Taipei, Taiwan. Tel: 886-2-2225-3733 Fax: 886-2-2225-4800 http://www.para.com.tw E-mail: [email protected] DATA SHEET PART NO. : REV : L-314EIR2BC A/0 CUSTOMER'S APPROVAL : _______________ DRAWING NO. : DS-23-07-0040 DCC : ____________ DATE : 2007-10-19 Page : 1 HD-R/RD012 Release by PARA LIGHT DCC 3.0 mm DIA LED LAMP L-314EIR2BC REV:A / 0 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS ITEM MATERIALS RESIN Epoxy Resin LEAD FRAME Sn Plating iron Alloy Note: 1.All Dimensions are in millimeters. 2.Tolerance is ±0.25mm(0.010 ") Unless otherwise specified. 3.Protruded resin under flange is 1.5mm(0.059 ") max. 4.Lead spacing is measured where the leads emerge from the package. 5.Specification are subject to change without notice 6.The lamps have sharp and hard points that may injure human eyes or fingers etc., so please pay enough care in the handling. DRAWING NO. : DS-23-07-0040 DATE : 2007-10-19 Page : 2 HD-R/RD013 Release by PARA LIGHT DCC 3.0 mm DIA LED LAMP L-314EIR2BC REV:A / 0 FEATURES * EXTRA HIGH RADIANT POWER AND RADIANT INBTENSITY * LOW FORWARD VOLTAGE * SUITABLE FOR HIGH PULSE CURRENT OPERATIONTENSITY * HIGH RELIABILITY * Pb FREE PRODUCTS CHIP MATERIALS * Dice Material : GaAlAs/GaAs * Lens Color : BLUE TRANSPARENT ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATING : ( Ta = 25°C ) SYMBOL PARAMETER MAX UNIT 180 mW PD Power Dissipation Per Chip VR Reverse Voltage Per Chip 5 V IF Forward Current Per Chip 100 mA IPF Peak forward current Per Chip (F=1KHZ,duty=0.1) 400 mA Topr Operating Temperature Range -25°C to 85°C Tstg Storage Temperature Range -25°C to 85°C ELECTRO-OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS : ( Ta = 25°C ) SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITION MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT 1.3 VF Forward Voltage IF = 20mA IF = 100mA IR Reverse Current VR = 5V λP Peak Emission Wavelength IF = 20mA 880 nm Half Intensity Angle IF = 20mA 20 deg Radiant Intensity IF = 20mA IF=100mA 30 2θ1/2 IE DRAWING NO. : DS-23-07-0040 DATE : 2007-10-19 1.6 1.8 10 150 V µA mw/sr Page : 3 HD-R/RD014 Release by PARA LIGHT DCC 3.0 mm DIA LED LAMP L-314EIR2BC DRAWING NO. : DS-23-07-0040 DATE : 2007-10-19 REV:A / 0 Page : 4 Release by PARA LIGHT DCC 3.0 mm DIA LED LAMP L-314EIR2BC REV:A / 0 Label Explanation PART NO. : Refer to p13 LOT NO. : E L L 4 A B C D 7 0009 E F A---E: For series number B---L: Local F: Foreign C---L: LAMP D---Year E---Month F---SPEC. DRAWING NO. : DS-23-07-0040 DATE : 2007-10-19 Page : 5 Release by PARA LIGHT DCC 3.0 mm DIA LED LAMP L-314EIR2BC REV:A / 0 ySOLDERING METHOD SOLDERING CONDITIONS REMARK y Solder no closer than 3mm from the DIP SOLDERING Bath temperature: 240 Immersion time: with 3 sec, 1 time base of the package y Using soldering flux," RESIN FLUX" is recommended. yAttached data of temperatuare cure for your reference y During soldering, take care not to press the tip of iron against the Soldering iron: 30W or smaller lead. SOLDERING Temperature at tip of iron: 300 or lower (To prevent heat from being IRON Soldering time: within 5 sec. transferred directly to the lead, hold the lead with a pair of tweezers while soldering 1) When soldering the lead of LED in a condition that the package is fixed with a panel (See Fig.1), be careful not to stress the leads with iron tip. (Fig.1) 2) When soldering wire to the lead, work with a Fig (See Fig.2) to avoid stressing the package. (Fig.2) Regarding solution in the tinning oven for product-tinning, compound sub-solution made of tin & copper and sliver is proposed with the temperature of Celsius 260. The proportion of the alloyed solution is tin 95.5: copper 3.5: silver 0.5 by percentage. The time of tinning is constantly 3 seconds. DRAWING NO. : DS-23-07-0040 DATE : 2007-10-19 Page : 6 Release by PARA LIGHT DCC 3.0 mm DIA LED LAMP L-314EIR2BC REV:A / 0 3) Similarly, when a jig is used to solder the LED to PC board, take care as much as possible to avoid steering the leads (See Fig.3). Fig.3 jig 4) Repositioning after soldering should be avoided as much as possible. If inevitable, be sure to preserve the soldering conditions with irons stated above: select a best-suited method that assures the least stress to the LED. 5) Lead cutting after soldering should be performed only after the LED temperature has returned to normal temperature. y STORAGE 1) The LEDs should be stored at 30 or less and 70% RH or less after being shipped from PARA and the storage life limits are 3 months . 2) PARA LED lead frames are comprised of a stannum plated iron alloy. The silver surface may be affected by environments which contain corrosive gases and so on. Please avoid conditions which may cause the LEDs to corrode, tarnish or discolor. This corrosion or discoloration may cause difficulty during soldering operations. It is recommended that the LEDs be used as soon as possible. Please avoid rapid transitions in ambient temperature, especially, in high humidity environments where condensation can occur. DRAWING NO. : DS-23-07-0040 DATE : 2007-10-19 Page : 7 Release by PARA LIGHT DCC 3.0 mm DIA LED LAMP L-314EIR2BC REV:A / 0 yLED MOUNTING METHOD 3) When mounting the LED by using a case, as shown Fig.4, ensure that the mounting holds on the PC board match the pitch of the leads correctly-tolerance of dimensions of the respective components including the LED should be taken into account especially when designing the case, PC board, etc. to prevent pitch misalignment between the leads and board holes, the diameter of the board holes should be slightly larger than the size of the lead. Alternatively, the shape of the holes should be made oval. (See Fig.4) case pc board Fig.4 4) Use LEDs with stand-off (Fig.5) or the tube or spacer made of resin (Fig.6) to position the LEDs. Tube Stand-off Fig.5 DRAWING NO. : DS-23-07-0040 Fig.6 DATE : 2007-10-19 Page : 8 Release by PARA LIGHT DCC 3.0 mm DIA LED LAMP L-314EIR2BC REV:A / 0 yFORMED LEAD 1) The lead should be bent at a point located at least 2mm away from the package. Bending should be performed with base fixed means of a jig or pliers (Fig.7) 2) Forming lead should be carried our prior to soldering and never during or after soldering. 3) Form the lead to ensure alignment between the leads and the hole on board, so that stress against the LED is prevented. (Fig.8) yLEAD STRENGTH 1) Bend strength Do not bend the lead more than twice. (Fig.9) Fig.9 DRAWING NO. : DS-23-07-0040 DATE : 2007-10-19 Page :9 Release by PARA LIGHT DCC 3.0 mm DIA LED LAMP L-314EIR2BC REV:A / 0 2) Tensile strength (@Room Temperature) If the force is 1kg or less, there will be no problem. (Fig.10) OK 1Kg Fig.10 y HEAT GENERATION 1) Thermal design of the end product is of paramount importance. Please consider the heat generation of the LED when making the system design. The coefficient of temperature increase per input electric power is affected by the thermal resistance of the circuit board and density of LED placement on the board, as well as other components. It is necessary to avoid intense heat generation and operate within the maximum ratings given in this specification. The operating current should be decided after considering the ambient maximum temperature of LEDs. yCHEMICAL RESISTANCE 1) Avoid exposure to chemicals as it may attack the LED surface and cause discoloration. 2) When washing is required, refer to the following table for the proper chemical to be sued. (Immersion time: within 3 minutes at room temperature.) SOLVENT ADAPTABILITY Freon TE NOTE: Influences of ultrasonic cleaning of the LED Chlorothene resin body differ depending on such factors Isopropyl Alcohol as the oscillator output, size of the PC board Thinner Acetone Trichloroethylene --Usable --Do not use. DRAWING NO. : DS-23-07-0040 and the way in which the LED is mounted. Therefore, ultrasonic cleaning should only be performed after confirming there is no problem by conducting a test under practical. DATE : 2007-10-19 Page :10 Release by PARA LIGHT DCC 3.0 mm DIA LED LAMP L-314EIR2BC REV:A / 0 yOTHERS 1) Care must be taken to ensure that the reverse voltage will not exceed the absolute maximum rating when using the LEDs with matrix drive. 2) Flashing lights have been known to cause discomfort in people; you can prevent this by taking precautions during use. Also, people should be cautious when using equipment that has had LEDs incorporated into it. 3) The LEDs described in this brochure are intended to be used for ordinary electronic equipment (such as office equipment, communications equipment, measurement instruments and household appliances). Consult PARA's sales staff in advance for information on the applications in which exceptional quality and reliability are required , particularly when the failure or malfunction of the LEDs may directly jeopardize life or health (such as for airplanes, aerospace, submersible repeaters, nuclear reactor control systems, automobiles, traffic control equipment, life support systems and safety devices). 4) User shall not reverse engineer by disassembling or analysis of the LEDs without having prior written consent from PARA. When defective LEDs are found, the User shall inform PARA directly before disassembling or analysis. 5) The formal specifications must be exchanged and signed by both parties before large volume purchase begins. 6) The appearance and specifications of the product may be modified for improvement without notice. DRAWING NO. : DS-23-07-0040 DATE : 2007-10-19 Page :11 Release by PARA LIGHT DCC 3.0 mm DIA LED LAMP L-314EIR2BC REV:A / 0 LED Lamps: DRAWING NO. : DS-23-07-0040 DATE : 2007-10-19 Page :12


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You will notice that there are no pictures with this blog entry. Therein lies a tale, or rather the end of a tale.
James and I are training for our hike around the circuit in Torres Del Paine, Chile in February and this training includes weekly ten+ mile hikes. Last week we decided to hike a part of the Appalachian Trail in and around Hot Springs, NC. We thought it would be fun to hike around ten miles and then try out the Hot Springs, luxuriating a hot tub after the exertion.
The idea of the Appalachian Trail as a continuous hiking footpath from the highest point in the North (Mt. Washington, NH) to the highest point in the South (Mt. Mitchell, NC) is generally considered to have been put forth in a paper by Benton MacKay in the Journal of the American Institute of Architects in 1921. However it was not until 1937 that the trail was finished as a continuous footpath from Georgia to Maine. The trail was largely maintained by volunteers until 1968 when President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the National Trail System Act and designated the Appalachian Trail as a National Scenic Trail. Growing up in Connecticut, the trail was part of who we were. As a Girl Scout I hiked and camped on the trail more than once. It is well marked and suitable for hiking but not cyclists or horses. There are numerous shelters along the way.
It had been raining pretty solidly for three days and was supposed to continue off and on the day of our hike. We thought that this would be a good chance to make sure our rain gear worked well and our boots were watertight, so we packed up a picnic, along with a thermos of hot tea, and headed off to Hot Springs. Legend has it that the Natural Mineral Hot Springs was used by the Cherokee Indians who believed in their magical curative powers. They were subsequently "discovered" by white settlers in 1778. The following history of the Springs and the hotel on the site is not too unusual until the advent of World War I when travel slowed considerably. The owner of the Hot Springs Hotel, Col. Rumbough, was nothing if not inventive: he negotiated a contract with the US Government to house more than 2500 German passengers and staff of a luxury liner
which had been stranded in New York Harbor with the onset of the war. They built a small village on the land surrounding the hotel, including a Chapel made of flattened Prince Albert tobacco tins! Sadly nothing remains of the village today: a catastrophic flood in 1916 washed away the entire village and severely damaged the hotel. With the end of the War in 1918 the Germans returned home although many had fond memories of the friends they made in Hot Springs. The Grand Hotel burned down in 1920 (isn't that always the case?) and the site was neglected until 1990 when new owners restored it. I wish I could tell you about the wonderful soak we had in the hot tub after our hike but for reasons that will be made clear that didn't happen.
Anyway, as I said, it had been raining hard for a number of days before we arrived in Hot Springs although when we got there the rain had stopped. The French Broad river was running furiously and was edging over its banks at the parking lot. James and I parked as far away as we could and on a tiny knoll which was somewhat higher than the rest of the lot. Nevertheless, I had visions of returning to a car surrounded by water! We had found our hike from a site called "Local Hikes" . There was a map, a description of the hike in some detail and a number of fairly recent reviews. It all seemed legit and sounded like a doable 10 mile hike climbing to 1800 ft in the Mountains. Most of the reviews said it took a little longer than the five hours proposed so we were prepared for somewhat difficult conditions.
For the first 1/2 mile, the trail ran beside the river and it was exhilarating to walk alongside the raging rapids, at times having to skirt above the trail as it was underwater. I did notice however that when the trail turned to climb the mountain the mileage given on the map was not entirely accurate. From this point the trail climbed for about two miles. It was a steep climb but the views of the river below, the town of Hot Springs and the mountains surrounding us were fantastic especially as the clouds seemed to be breaking up and moving quickly around us. And in fact the sun did come out briefly. We passed a lovely pond so clear that we could see the fish swimming in it, and commented on the wooden dam which seemed less than a sure thing but was holding firm. So far everything was as it should be and we were enjoying the break from the bad weather. After lunch overlooking a large glen we continued up the next incline. The reviews warned that this incline of 600 feet was quick and hard but they didn't warn us that at the top one left the Appalachian Trail and took another trail down to return to to town. No one, not the original poster nor any of the reviewers, seemed to think that this was important. I have to admit here that we only had page one of the map as I had printed it out and left immediately without noticing that only the trail description and the first page of the map had printed. Nevertheless, we had the entire written instructions and this would seem to have been an important detail.
We had now reached mile eight of our hike and were still ascending. According to the instructions we should have been going down as the last four miles were supposed to descend. But we were still on the AT and the fact that the reviewers all said the hike took longer than it should coupled with my knowledge that the distances were not accurate on the map led us to continue on, and on. At four pm and ten miles we knew something was wrong (did I mention it was raining?). James thought he saw something in the distance so we continued on and came to an overnight shelter. There was a sign post there which indicated that it was eleven miles back to Hot Springs, 3 miles to the next named destination (which might be a road or might not) and 1.7 miles back to the road we had previously crossed.
Being stuck on the mountainside after dark was not exactly a great idea (although a mental inventory of our belongings included food, water and a survival blanket) so James and I decided to get back to the road as fast as possible. But what road was it? We knew nothing about it except the name and the fact that the Tennessee State border was twenty yards away in one direction. Of course there was no phone signal so my GPS on my phone was no help but the compass did function so we headed south away from Tennessee. Long story short: it got dark. I had a blister. It was raining.
We finally came to a real highway and started trying to hitchhike. The first person to stop for us told us we were walking away from Hot Springs which was four more miles the other way! After numerous cars passed us by–and can you blame them– a very nice man named George stopped and took us to town where found our car, high and still dry. Never has it felt so good to sit down! Our ten mile hike had turned out to be 20 miles.
When we got back to our Asheville, NC Bed and Breakfast, the Carolina Bed & Breakfast, we took a glass of wine upstairs to the Goldfinch Room and used the jacuzzi there for our own "hot spring". Total nirvana.
And the missing pictures? I got a new camera for Christmas, a Sony Cybershot Dsc-RX100 which is supposed to be the latest thing in digital cameras. I took it with me to practice for the Patagonia Trek and I think I got some great pictures. Unfortunately I seemed to have erased them while trying to figure out how to download them to my computer. That's why I was practicing. I promise some photos coming soon!

subset: commoncrawl


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Just an FYI and to possibly ask from some of your "sleuth skills" and that of your team! We are racing in a road rally called Fireball Run, which is a 9 day, 3500 mile adventurally from Las Vegas to Galena Illinois. It is a version of the Amazing Race, but in cars. It is sponsored by the Klass Foundation for missing children. We are representing a 7 year old boy from Portland that has been missing since June. You may have heard about Kyron Horman as he has been on the cover of People magazine, Nancy Grace, and has captured much national news. The race begins on the 23rd of this month, finishing on October 2nd. This event has been responsible for recovering 32 children and we truly hope to help bring Kyron home. I am attaching more info on the Adventurally;) In keeping with our "Greene Team" theme - We are driving a Smart Car to be Eco-Friendly - minimizing our carbon footprint - and utilizing Sony Eco Green Laptops for solving clues! This is also an interactive race, so we can use all the help available via our social networks to solve clues progressing to the next location. Thanks for any publicity and help you and your followers can provide. Warmly,Tina
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This afterschool curriculum includes six lessons plus supplementary materials (e.g., videos, PowerPoint presentations, and images) that explore how light from the electromagnetic spectrum is used as a tool for learning about the Sun. The curriculum... (View More) is designed to be flexible to meet the needs of afterschool programs and includes recommendations for partial implementation based on time constraints. It was specifically designed to engage girls in science. (View Less)
This is the first module in the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) Project Suite curriculum. Activities are self-directed by students or student teams using online videos and data from the SDO satellite to explore, research and build knowledge about... (View More) features of the Sun. Students build vocabulary, apply or demonstrate learning through real world connections, and creating resources to use in their investigations. Each activity comes with both a teacher and student guide with sequential instructions and embedded links to the needed videos and internet resources. Activity 1A: Structure of the Earth's Star takes students through the features and function of the Sun's structures using online videos, completing a "Sun Primer" data sheet using information from the videos, and creating a 3D origami model of the Sun. Students use a KWL chart to track what they have learned. Activity 1B: Observing the Sun has students capture real solar images from SDO data to find and record sunspots and track their movement across the surface of the Sun. Activity 1C has students create a pin-hole camera to use in calculating the actual diameter of the Sun, and then calculate scales to create a Earth-Sun scale model. Students reflect on their learning and results at the end of the module. An internet connection and access to computers are needed to complete this module. See related and supplementary resources for link to full curriculum. The appendix includes an alignment to the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). (View Less)
Materials Cost: $1 - $5
Developed as a planetarium show, this video describes the unique environment of our solar system planets and a few satellites, along with some of the challenges and possible solutions for potential human habitation on each. Two versions of the video... (View More) are available through links on the site - a kids version (18 minutes, suitable for grades 2-5) and a more advanced version (22 minutes, designed for middle/high school). Both are applicable to school and/or general audiences. Information on purchasing the DVD's in both English and Spanish for large audience presentations is included. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
Learners will read or listen to a story about two sisters, Marisol and Sofia, as they explore the Sun's role in the water cycle. Additionally, numerous extension resources are included in the accompanying educator guide, such as suggestions for... (View More) no-cost language arts activities, links to further science activities, a book walk cue chart to guide classroom discussion before, during, and after the story, a graphic organizer, and alignments to the National Science Education Standards (NSES) and the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). (View Less)
This is an activity about scale. Participants will arrange imagery of Earth and many other space objects in order of their size from smallest to largest, their distance from Earth's surface, their temperature from coolest to hottest, and/or their... (View More) age from youngest to oldest. By manipulating these images and discussing their ideas, children and adults represent and confront their own mental models of space and time. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $1 - $5 per group of students
The 9-session NASA Family Science Night program emables middle school children and their families to discover the wide variety of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics being performed at NASA and in everyday life. Family Science Night... (View More) programs explore various themes on the Sun, the Moon, the Stars, and the Universe through fun, hands-on activities, including at-home experiments. Instructions for obtaining the facilitator's guide are available on the Family Science Night site. (View Less)
This is an activity about boundaries. Participants will imagine they have taken a journey from Earth through the Solar System out into the Milky Way Galaxy. Using images on the front of the My Place in Space lithograph, they will write or draw on... (View More) the back of the lithograph to tell their friends about their journey and the real and imaginary boundaries they crossed on their journey. The activity includes connections to science related to the Interstellar Boundary Explorer, or IBEX, spacecraft. This activity complements other IBEX informal education materials. An instructional video explaining how to facilitate this activity is available: http://bit.ly/14IoHVN. (View Less)
Materials Cost: 1 cent - $1 per student
This is an activity about the states of matter. Learners will participate in a demonstration to reintroduce them to three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. The demonstration also introduces them to a fourth state of matter, plasma, through... (View More) investigation of the properties of volume and shape as they relate to common solids, liquids, and gases, and to the mystery matter later identified at the end as plasma. The demonstration also covers plasma's connection to the Sun and connections to science related to the Interstellar Boundary Explorer, or IBEX, spacecraft. This activity complements other IBEX informal education materials. The demonstration requires use of a small plasma ball and, ideally, a slightly darkened room so that the plasma ball can be more easily seen. An instructional video explaining how to facilitate this activity is available: http://bit.ly/125ZW5k. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Over $20
This is an activity about the the functioning of the Interstellar Boundary Explorer, or IBEX, spacecraft. Learners will participate in an interactive demonstration to illustrate how the IBEX spacecraft uses its particle detectors to collect and sort... (View More) particles that come from the boundary of the Solar System. This activity complements other IBEX informal education materials. An instructional video explaining how to facilitate this activity is available: http://bit.ly/YqwWCd. (View Less)
This is an engineering design challenge activity. Learners will use balloons to investigate how a multi-stage rocket, like that used to launch the Interstellar Boundary Explorer, or IBEX, spacecraft, can propel a satellite to a specific orbit.... (View More) Learners will construct a two-stage balloon rocket that will be required to reach a particular location on the balloon track, simulating the proper orbit around Earth to be reached by the IBEX satellite. This activity complements other IBEX informal education materials. An instructional video explaining how to facilitate this activity is available: http://bit.ly/ZwlFf4. (View Less)


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Kara Toney
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Well don't spoil it for anyone! It's going to be something real this time I promise!
First entry for me, since I missed it last time because of internet issues. I"m going for the theme of what is the cast doing while the new episode comes out. I did it at work right now, so no much work on it. I have more ideas, so I did this one cause it was the fastest to draw.
BERSERK Director's Cut: "How Griffith REALLY Conquered Doldery"
"Doldrey" would be the spelling you're looking for, not "Doldery".


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RECORD: Darwin, C. R. [1839--1844] Notebook: Questions & experiments. CUL-DAR206.1. Transcribed by Kees Rookmaaker. (Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
REVISION HISTORY: Transcribed by Kees Rookmaaker, corrections by John van Wyhe 6-7.2009. RN1
NOTE: See the fully annotated transcription of this notebook by David Kohn in Barrett, Paul H., Gautrey, Peter J., Herbert, Sandra, Kohn, David, Smith, Sydney eds. 1987. Charles Darwin's notebooks, 1836-1844 : Geology, transmutation of species, metaphysical enquiries. British Museum (Natural History); Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Reproduced with permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library and William Huxley Darwin.
Questions & Experiments
Gowen, Royle, & Horsfield Sykes p.12
Maer p.13
Questions &c. July. 1842. —
Shrewsbury p.14
Henslow (2d time) p.14 —
Father. And. Smith
Dr Holland p.16
Babington — Gould 10. (a)
J. Gray 17
Yarrell 18
Blyth 19 — Mr Tollett
Zool Soc Gardens 20 & Breeders
Dr Boott
R. Brown p.21
Horticulturists p. 21 — 23
Eyton p.22
Schomburgk — 1
Jordan Smith. p. 1
Sowerby Cuming — p.1
Owen p.17
III Hooker p.17
Mrs Whitby. Newlands Lymington Hants. Habits of different caterpillar races.
— Name of Italian who sold eggs. —
Temporary Question
Where has Duchesne described Atavism alluded to by Dr Holland —
Jordan Smith of Jordan Hill — character of the extinct land-shells of Madeira — analogous or quite distinct from recent ones — I presume some recent not found fossil (perhaps not embedded)
? are there any very common recent ones not embedded? —
Do the Tame Parrots breed amongst the Indians
Do the Savages select their dogs
Sowerby Entomologist
Does individual Shell or insect or group vary more in one country or district than in another? Character of shells of Sandwich group
Sowerby monstrous Cardium, does it remind him of other species
Hooker says the species of Aquilegia vary much in their spurs & Ranunculus in the nectaries. The former best for my experiment on Selection.
Experiments. in crossing &c Plants
1 Repeat the French experiment of Carrot
2 also try Primrose & Cowslip in rich soil & propagate from their seed
3. To apply pollen of different genus & then some hours afterwards of nearly related plant & see if first pollen produces any effect, as in case of woodpidgeon & Hen. mentioned by Mr Knight. Vol IV Hort. Transact. —
4 May we no suppose, that certain plants, like Aphides produce impregnated young ones; & that it is in these that male organs (not being always useful), fail —
Really good subject for experiment. — to repeat Spallanzani
Raise only single Plants & only allow
few one flower
(5) Dr Fleming. Philosop. of Zoolog, vol 1. p. 427 — says biennial. wall-flowers & scarlet Lychnis can be propagated by cuttings. — Try. — Important as discovering function of seeds —
(6) To hybridise every flower on melon & see whether fruit affected. Mr B. seems to say impregnation
caused of some seeds, caused symmetry in cone —
The above Exper. explains apples on side near other tree being affected. — does one branch of Cabbage being mongrelized affect other branches — The French Apple tree with abortive stamens answers first question in negative. —
Questions Regarding Plants
1. Uniformity of hybrid & Mongrel offspring
2. How have late varieties of Peas &c been obtained?
3. Whether the viviparous grasses & onion, produce flowers, like the Oxalis from C. of Good Hope mentioned by Mr Herbert in vol IV. Hort. Transact. —
4.. Are any varieties of Cabbages not attacked in bad years from Caterpillars.
5. Whether Roses impregnate each other, when close planted together: can do Holyoak be raised distinct by seed — Heartease.
6. — Do not species of wild Roses run into each other very much. — Has not some one written on them?.
7. Are the wild Bananas of Otaheite seedless; — are all varieties seedless — if so. how have varieties been formed? —
8. Can any annuals be budded with reference to extension of age of individuals —
9. Do plants in becoming double ever become monooecious — loosing one sex & not other: which generally fails first? —
10 Henslow says semi-double flowers are those whose stamens are monstrous, how then are seeds ever raised?
11 Is not non-flowering gorze common in Norway No
Questions regarding Breeding of Animals
If two half bred animals exactly alike. be interbred will offspring be uniform. — Mr Ford
Has M. Sageret written on crossing of Cabbages, quoted by (as if oral) Decandoelle in V. Vol of Hort. Transacts & M. Sageret is referred to with doubt by Herbert
Do forest-trees sport much in nursery gardens?
are the is the ground much manured
In species of close genus do more than three primary colours occur in relation with species — answered by Henslow see notes
In varieties is there any difference in off spring from A. into B. from B. into A. as takes place in mules ass & horse — important.
In crosses does male offspring take after male parent & vice versa
History of Tortoise-shell Cats, as only one sex so coloured = I have grey cat wh was female with tinge pn back of tortoise-shell. —
= Length of intestine in Persian Cat, in Brazilian toothless dog — I. St. Hilaire says length differs in different cats. —
Good observation — examine semen of Hybrid animal, in comparison with
Weigh skeleton of Tame Duck & Wild Duck, & then weigh their wing bones & see if relation is same good, avoids effects of fatness.
Experiment in crossing animals. — &c
(1) To cross some artificial male with
old female of old breed & see result. — According to Mr Walker the form of male ought to preponderate; according to Mr Yarrell the latter ought either in first breed or permanently. —
(2) Cross two half-bred animals, which are exactly alike & see result. —
(3) Cross the Esquimaux dog with the hairless Brazilian or Persian animals of different hereditary constitution, to see whether offspring infertile. —
(4) Does the number of pulse, Respiration, period of gestation differ in different breeds of dogs, Cattle, (Indian & Common) &c: length of life.
(5) Does my Father know any case of quick or slow pulse being hereditary.
(6) In the last 1000 years how many generations of man have there been. — on what principles calculated. — in order to guess how many generations in Mammalia, in group effect of crossing. —
(7) Are the Eggs of the Penguin Duck quite similar to those of another Duck. in Pidgeon? — Mr Miller said yes with regard to former
(8) Is form of globule of blood in allied species similar. — if not how is it in allied varieties
(9) Cross largest Malay with Bantam — will egg kill Hen Bantam. — Cross common Fowl with Dorking
(10) Statistics of breeding in Zoolog. Gardens — with respect to conditions of animals & their general healthiness — Foxes, Bears Badgers. How few wild animals are propagated, though valuable as show & curiosities! What is price of fox. otter. Badger &c &c &c.
(11) Keep Tumbling pigeons, cross them with other breeds. —
(12) About the blended instincts
Remote Experiments — Plants
Raise seedlings surrounded by various bright colours, any effect? and silk caterpillars
(1) Shake a sleeping mimosa, or half bred mimosa (a) between sensitive & sleeping species, & see whether association can be given
(2) do the stamina of C. Speciosissimus collapse during sleep & do of Berberis — (latter I think certainly not)
(3) Sow seeds & place cuttings or bulbs in several different soils & temperatures & see what the effect will be. — will seedlings vary much more than cuttings &c
(4) Raise annuals or common English plants in Hothouse & see what effect on organs of generation
(5) Place pollen of Red Cabbage mixed with own pollen on flowers of other cabbages & see whether there will result hybrids —
(6) Dust flowers of one branch of Cabbage with pollen of other, count seeds, & see how great a proportion springs up true. — This in fact always takes place in natural Hybrids of Cabbages
(7) Sow
daisy seeds of wild cabbage in very rich soil, will plants abort?, does it require successive generations to accustom them to such soil. — Sow weeds in such soil. —
7(a) Experimentise on Primrose seeds — it really is an important case — cross with cowslip pollen. — as these are wild varieties. Is any intermediate form found wild
(a) The Leptosiphon densifolium an annual
sleeps closes flower on all gloomy days. — The garden Coronella. also sleeps on ditto — Cover them up periodically & see effect —
(8) Carry Bees, powdered with starch & Carmine & experimentise on their returning powers — then carry them in Electrical machine, reversing the poles test by suspending magnet within & see which way they fly. —
(9) I have noticed leaves covered with Honey-dew dusted with pollen of neighbouring grass
Spread sheets of Paper covered with some sticky stuff in flat places & see whether wind, on dry windy day, flower garden on gravel walk will drift many seeds — necessary to answer Wiessenborns doctrine of Equivocal Generation Charlworth p. 377. Have paper ruled in squares to facilitate investigation. Capital in middle of ploughed field on hills. —
10 Shoot tame duck on pond with Duck-weed — coot — waterhen —
examine dog, which has swum — on pools & rivers — every kind of seed must be distributed — Examine scum of pond for seeds. —
11 Soak all kinds of seeds for week in Salt, artificial water. —
12 Plant two races of Cabbages near each other — & enclose one twig of each in bell glass — sow these seeds & see if they will come up true — whilst others are crossed. —
Are Bees guided by smell — or sight. touching Mr Brown theory of insect-like Orchis —
a final cause of beauty of flowers — contrasted by Kirby — with animal reproductive system. —
— cover flower — put artificial flowers — also do with honey —
What is use of Bee Larkspur= =Toad Orchis=
how many flowers in minute do they visit?? good = !!
Examine pollen of double flowers, compared with single & see whether grains flaccid, as Koelreuter describes
Kill Sparrow after feeding on oats, give body to Hawk & sow pellet, ejected. done
Examine pollen of such flowers as do not seed or seed rarely — Magnolias. Azaleas & plants grown under unfavourable circumstances, as Hyacinths in glasses &c &c
Questions concerning Plants
Is the common Fig Dioecious — are its female flowers always barren — if not how does impregnation take place male & female flower in same receptacle
(8) Make duck eat Spawn, eggs of snail, row of fish & kill them in hour or two
My Father made hens cast Holly-seed & they grew
(9) Place Snap-Dragon. (I have seen one monstrous) Fox Glove & such like in very rich soil — As they have little tendency to double; what would be effect —
(10) Try in how many generations, daisy. Fever-fuge Groundsil. gilly flower will break & become double. — There is a double Crows-foot, or Ranunculus. =
(11) Try Nitrate of Soda — Salt. Gypsum. Magnesium Iron Rust Carb. of Ammonia. — Horse Urine &c &c on associated plants, where proportional number appear equal — & see whether proportions will vary, which will show that such proportions not effect of Chance
(12) Take Bag of soil from centre of woods especially if date of wood be known & other odd places & see what plants will spring up which will show how seeds are transported, or how long they remain dormant, if kinds come up, not found in wood. —
but seeds continually dropping in woods, by birds
13 Mr Herbert says Crocuses are very difficult to cross — are there races — if so plant them together. & raise, seed. — In letter Mr Herbert says so about Œnothera. —
(14) Examine pollen of those genera of which wild hybrids have been formed.
(15) What is History of Viburnum, or snow-ball-tree, what would result from seeds being sown =
See in Cultivated Plants, as Pentstemon, which have abortive parts, whether such vary. —
Do Bees go to Sweet Peas, important, for if so, as these can be raised true, there is no crossing by Bees. —
Henslow. —
(1) Character of alpine Flora of Tierra del Fuego and Entomology of. — most important, as furthest removed possible point. — ? genera in intermediate country
(2) Any known changes in Flora of countries during last century or two. — where agency of man not known. —
(3) How is Iris impregnated; which part of stigma? —
(4) As Papil. flowers appear difficult to cross, are there unusually many species in genera of Leguminosae. — Herbert explains numerous spec. of Cape Heath by facility. Knight takes opposite view.
Gaertner talks of several great & natural Families, as being difficult to cross.
(5) It is most important to ascertain amount of variation in plants raised by Scions, as Elms. &c &c — I have some reason to suspect Elms. & Orchidacaeous plants — no other case. —
(6) Will plant accustomed to rich soil, when placed in very poor flower, but not fruit — do not orchards become unproductive from poorness of soil. — yet crabs probably would grow there
(8) Where parts of fructification
lat retrograde into leaves — is this ever effect of want of nutrition. — Horned oranges do? — Yes, my Father lost this character in grt degree from charcoal & good treatment
(8) Do bees frequent Cabbages & Cowcumber's out of doors much — or
the minute Orthopt. — important, as we know how readily they cross. —
(9) In the nurseries, when seed of the varieties of Cabbages, peas, beans, as raised, do the Seedsmen select at all from the plants? If not, I am surprised
plan such plants do not degenerate, — as the Bees will mingle the infinitesimal varieties which must occur. — ? . is it not these infinitesimal varieties, which counterbalance each other?
(10) Is number of pollen-grains necessary to impregnate ordinary number of seeds known? — Linnaeus has shown that each pistil is connected with separate division of germen
? —
(11) Must pollen grain be whole, to impregnate? — I presume only stigma impregnable. —
(12) At Maer Cowcumbers in frames are not artificially impregnated. Abberley says Ants — Enquire
(13) Do any of same species of Willows grow in same situation & flower at same time. Has H. seen group of different species growing
White Mullein good plant to sow & try to get other species
near close to each other. — as they are dioecious, if no hybrids were produced by seed, we might feel sure, that pollen of own kind is much
more effective than of foreign — Eyton has such a grove of Willows. —
(14) At What distances from males, will female (a) Willows or Yews some poplar's produce. — Bowman female branch
(15) Would Yew fruit without impregnation. —
(16) Any calculation of number of grains of pollen in any one flower
(17) Catch Bees, Butterflies — Syphus — Meligethes & see whether they are dusted with pollen — in what state (whole or broken) is ball of pollen on Bees thighs
(18) Place pin's heads with Bird lime near male yew tree & see whether they catch pollen —
Ne In Œnothere bush. —
(19) Theory of mock flowers in Hydrangea
(20) As Hop is dioecious — seedsmen who raise Hop seed — may know something about proportion of plants necessary &c &c
(a) Mercurialis — Frog Bit, Valerian — Urtica Dioica Sorrell. Lychnis. Butchers Broom — also, Vinca Examine all these, are they much frequented by Bees or Butterflies or little insect? = or is pollen excessively minute or abundant? do they seed plentifully? Look for isolated females. — Also any plants which are known easily to be crossed & all monocecious plants. —
Hooker says Rafflesia is dioecious & Pollen must be carried by some insect —
(21) (Paris) Are there many instances of single clumps of plants in counties, as of rare green Cotton Plant — How large area clump there? distinguishable from
other clumps from other parts? Don says Irish, Scotch & English plants generally distinguishable. — What structure of seeds. —
(22) When Linnaeus says so great percentage of seeds have contrivance for transportal, does he include seeds good to eat. (even Nux Vomica is eaten by a Buceros in East Indies — Asiatic Researches)
923) Talk about Thyme. Horned Oranges. Spallanzani Essay — Figs kinds of flower annually. — Periwinkle, (not asclepiadae. in Lindley)
(24) Do Bees distinguish species, they do not varieties. —
(25) does the yellow white Butterfly deposit eggs in all varieties of Cabbage.
(26) do deer Keepers cross the breed — desirable as in Cattle in Chillingham Park — What Book on varieties &c of deer. Contests of sexes. —
Q. 30) March 1842.
Last year before last beans & peas were planted in rows adjoining & seeds gathered. there were planted last year pell mell, without sticks & seeds gathered & these are now to be planted this year
Gould. —
Number of species of Birds in New Zealand, plants so few —
Range of mundane genera, in Birds in accordance with range of species? —
Are there any fine doubtful species from Van Diemen's Land? or New Zealand?
Babington about differences of Irish & British Species & British & distant parts of Europe. —
Gould — go over the Pigeons, Philotis, Dacelo. Alcyone, where there are very close species & see whether they come from islds or different parts or same v district. —
endemic & wandering species of confined genera
By my theory in volcanic or rising isld there ought to be a good many races or doubtful species; how is this at Canarys Arch — it is so at Galapagos. —
Ireland, doubtful species —
Does any genus of Plants, vary & hard to separate specifically in one country & not in other: Rosa is hard in Europe, Walnut in America. — Heaths in Africa. ? Hooker are these genera less difficult, in other countries, where species are either numerous or even where few are they constant: this very important for it wd show that such variation is not a generic or specific character, but contingent on country. — How is it in Patella or Oysters or Helix. Or does any one species of plant, vary in one region of Europe & less in another region —
(27) Which sex in Mules generally fails — perhaps indexed by secondary characters — in double flower, do
Henslow speaking of Thyme doubts about stigma in similar manner ever failing. — answered by Gaertner
(28) Can any annual, or Biennial be grafted or cuttings taken or tuber — talk about Mr Knights theory with Henslow. — Dr Fleming says yes.
(29) Are there races of Lupine, Stocks Clover to experimentize on by sowing near each other & see whether cross can be obtained. I name these three plants, because they cannot be crossed, I think, I expect, except by very minute insects. —
(30) Get Abberley to plant single Peas, Kidney Bean & Bean, intertwined, without sticks — in reference to what Mr Herbert observe on this subject —
(31) Ask Henslow for list of annuals to place in Hot house to see effect on generative organs of great Heat
(32) Can Henslow ask question of Col. Le Couteur about Wheat — change of Soil — crossing when seeds raised. — His Book. —
32. Would wheat from Aegypt ripen in Scotland? — to show acclimatisation. —
July 1842
When nettle leaf, put into spirits, poison-drop exudes — does not elm. does it in melon — Loasa Anchusa Campanula &c & dead-nettle. —
Lithospernum. Blue Gloss
it is not possible to see orifice of poison-tube — so put carmine in spirits & then experimentise: for gradation in structure
Compare flowers of wild & tame carrot — Parsley & Fennel.
Compare flower of different Cabbages most carefully to see if variation equal in flower with leaves. — strawberries
soon early do characters of races of different vegetables & animals come on. — Compare calves ∴ Compare young, beans, cabbages. —
History of Pheasant-fowl. Hen coloured like cock-pheasant: said not to sit on own eggs
Flowers in short turf, for abortion, or for sterility
Land Birds Madeira migratory — ask Gould about N. Zealand, as Cuculus lucidus is. — Ask Sulivan about Falklands Isds — Snipe migratory — probably united by Land to S. America
(33) Ornithologum commonly but improperly called Canadense — would it grow in open air in Sweden. Linnaeus found 2 flowers, which had anthers removed, did not become impregnated.
(34) Any recent information about pollen of Subularia
Royle & Horsfield
(35) Talk about races of Banana & yet seedless — no light Henslow or Royle. Latter says seedless — Also about Sugar-Cane Edwards says does not seed — Bruce says does
In Royle's Productive Resources Book no information
Royle & Hope about Silk worms. Varieties effects of domestication — said to require Selection
(36) Ask Mr Gowen to ask Mr Herbert, how many generations any hybrid has
been reproduced itself. —
Ask Gray to ask Mr Riley to experimentise on hybridising ferns, tying them back to back
37 Col. Sykes fertility of men & Europasian animals in India? — (about Chetah & other tame animals not breeding when tame in India? — does not know About Yaks. & other Hybrids — Dogs &c &c
38 Does only male yak cross with cow: is not reverse possible??
(1) Yew Trees near Boat House any male branch. — ? number of seeds in beginning of November 1841. — Trees above male?
(2) Result of Edwards experiment in Cabbages given
(3) — in Heartease
(4) Does the Thyme bear abortive stamens every year & Spring. & within garden. # Yes
(5) Examine the Parnassia whose stamens move one after other to flower (& Menyanthes whose pollen bursts before flower is open. No)
(6) There is apple with branch in middle of tree with flowers near end of orchard. = At Shrewsbury one branch of Rhod. flowered later. — effect of accident??
(7) Which Rhododendrum seeds?? —
Bladder-nut # Laburnum # Dodecatheon #
Castrate apple & pear to see if pollen naturally carried, on account of Van Mons views — Also peas —
N.B. I think very likely the Peas to cross ought to be placed far from all other Peas, from Wiegman
(1) Peas. — Beans seeds alone remain to be compared — Cabbages. kept true — Try experiment (30/p.11)
(2) Yew Berries germinate? — Yew trees sexes —
(3) Get Holyhoaks. races planted & Linum Perenne. — Herbert's. fact. —
(4) Effects of Nitrate of Soda under Beech. — Lychnis dioica answers this question —
(5) Open more Horned oranges. —
(6) Figs, flower. — Passion Flower, (as it is required to impregnate it artificially.) — Asclepias — Flowers not seeding — Put pot of boiled earth on top of House — Aristolochia, plant wh require insects to impregnate it
(7) History of Potato field=
(8) Abortive Thyme seeds weather wet — ? Linum flavum put in Spirits which plant seeds?
(9) Melons fruit itself hybridised
(10) one had no seeds, 8c two had plenty of seed & these Seeds of unimpregnated Cowcumbers will they seed.? —
(11) Abberley has planted seeds of pale green Cynoglossum. never germinated
(12) Does the horned orange. wh never has seeds produced good pollen? Yes From cultivation lost their horns is impregnation necessary to fruit — ; become well shaped by care
13 Arum before pollen is shed can you find flys dusted with pollen from other flowers? Can flys' escape from old flower —
(14) Has planted seeds of Geranium pyrenaicum. small white-flowered var. with abortive stamens. — show crossing & ? heredetary?
(15) Abberley has a hooked Pea. — intends to breed from it and large Asparagus: result? — failed to germinate
16 Will plant some of the Thyme with abortive stamens by Terrace to see, whether stamens will be produced in individual plants
17 A dead-nettle in Hot-house, will it seed? —
[marginal] (Skim through Penny Cyclopaedia)
Abberley says that some Bees are smaller & more vicious. Will try to get me some to look at: — Was once offered a hive of these small Bees — at Sundorne has large Bees
July /42/
Mark has six days puppy of small true Bull-Dog — length from nose over head
to root of tail 28 1/2. inches. From sole of foot to shoulder on line of back, height 17 1/2. — The Greyhound, was in length (measured same way) 47 1/2 — in heigt 30 inches
Examine Keel of Common & Wild Duck — Black Duck & Penguin
Henslow &c
(36) Has not H. raised races of white & Blue Linum — did parent plants grow near each other. — ? Cannot remember at all.
(37) Any cases of plants, which will not produce seed in this country — where cause not apparent — Any where pollen is not produced or small in quantity — Any unproductive, where germen does not swell, although there be pollen. — or few or bad seeds formed; badness may be merely not ripening —
(38) Have Dioecious plants any secondary, sexual characters. — Stature, position of flowers — their smell — form of flowers — Nectaries — In Monooecious order flower occupy particular position. —
(39) What does he think of Dr Flemings statement of Sweet Williams & Stocks, being propagated many years, by cuttings. —
(40) Ask Henslow to distribute some of my questions amongst agriculturists, whom he know. — Col. le Couteur on Wheat. —
(41) Have any monooecious or dioecious plants the Papilionaceous structure of flower — Ground nuts
(42) How are Orchidia? fecundated, as mass of pollen is requisite. — Brown's paper
43 Any flowers of Keeling Dioecious, or Monooecious, besides the Nettle.
at Galapagos — Dioecious. — Carex. — We may presume Nettle spreads by seeds —
(44) Zostera. Has he seen it in flower? Does he know Botanist who Does — What is Ruppia Bennett says in same state of flower
45. Charlsworth. vol II. p. 670 — oats cut down turning into Rye. —
46). Book describing amount of Horticultural Variation? Henslow knows only on Citrons
47. Ficus carica Henslow presumes females produce. Polygam. tricecia. (are female flowers ever productive) Smith says many trees in Tropics are of this class. —
(48) Where published list of spontaneous Hybrids — to see whether any Papilionaceous plants, — whether many mono or Dicoeious plants, & any with peculiarities of structure rendering cross impregnation difficult or reverse
(49) List of seeds Gaertner de fruct: — for woodcut — double hook Geum, Galium Burrh — single hook, curved spines — simple spines — or seed-cases with similar structure. — good case as showing how simple, but beautiful adaptation might be arrived at. — Any book with drawing of Seed. Anemone with tuft — Bull Rush — Dandelion — Sycamore. & seeds with mere border — & Humboldts spinning seed. —
(50) Any cases of wild varieties plants growing together, under same conditions. — like cowslip & primrose, but less strongly marked. —
51. Plant seeds of the Fuller's plants. Teazle
Dr Holland ; My Father. Andrew Smith
(1) Are cross-births, or other accidents of delivery inheritable.? — Bell cd ask Accouchers
[marginal] Is any peculiarity in milk teeth inheritable!!! very good
[marginal] Any peculiarity in the males of a family —
Where one tooth aborts, do you know whether any trace in germ.
(2) Any more cases of diseases, generally occurring in man being transmitted through females, like Hydrocele — Dr H. thinks asthma in females takes place of gout. — How are livers? obscure organ, no answer
(3) Andrew Smith, about tamed wild animals breeding at the Cape. — # About two vars: of Lion: Annales des Sciences #
(4) Prolifickness of female, relation to healthiness? & father — answered
(5) About cross-bred races of men taking after sex. A Smith.
Andrew Smith. About species of Rhinoceros, becoming rare beyond limits of the metropolis of each — Cause? —
(6) What size book Gallesio storia del Reproduzione. — D. Holland
(7) Is Haemorragic tendency independent of heredetary cases, more common in man than in female —
(8) In Hump-back ever heredetary
(9) Are the works of Borhave (treating of heredetary diseases) translated.
(10) About Daltonism in the male Troughtons. — Paper in Taylors Scientific Memoirs
(11) And. Smith Savages at Cape any selection of Males in cattle or in Killing the worst = or in dogs =
(12) Do Hottentots generally resemble each other very closely, more closely than Caffres. —
13 Where are there any medical Statisics, proportion of diseases (heredetary?) in cliff, countries in same races
Mr Gray General Questions
(1) Particulars about Sierra Leone, cow taking bulls. is it Domesticated African Animal = Knows nothing. ask
It is very important to know, whether Gould's observation holds good, that in the mundane genera, the species
are have wide range — How is this in Plants??
Owen. Are abortive organs as
young teeth, more plain in young Rhinoceros or Whale, than in old?? Falconer says all in cases.
[marginal] Have talked partially with him
Ask him to introduce me to some Human Anatomist.
do. Has he dissected any animal often, which has abortive bone.
ask more about the lowest cervical vertebrae process developed into ribs.
& does its abortion vary, according to Bentham's Remark.
Horse or cow. — degree of soldering of tibia & fibula: in Man any abortive bones???
[marginal] Wing in Apteryx. no
do. as Os Coccygis — Turbinated bones? False ribs. Wings of Apterix: clavicle in — ?
Combs in combless Poultry — Teeth in foetal state:
Mr Horner. On Mr Tremenheres Scottish Colliers, when men & women have long worked, whether children, who have not worked have any peculiar configuration. —
Metaphysics of Morphology. — Schelgel, is he serpent man? about zones separated by non-inhabited spaces: has he published? does he understand English. — Miguel to collect facts for me — what? What does Blume say on alpine Flora of Java?
Has Schow written on double creations & where? How are current & winds in Antarctic ocean: are they from West, like as between Australia & S. America?
Sabine says North of Siberia, no sea-current, icebergs travel by wind.
Aug. St. Hilaire Bot. p. 787. position of embryo in close species of Hilianthemum differs greatly — how very interesting to see if any variation in varieties. G. St. Hilaires law of Balancement
Wm Yarrell
(1) About non-breeding of animals in confinement, curious. — foxes — English animals. (Made no import. remark)
(2) Secondary male characters. — does male transmit to male more of his features — in negro & white
(3) About the Bantams at Zoolog Soc. — did Sir. J. Sebright select to destroy secondary character believe no or did result appear without his wish
[marginal] Has since recrossed this breed. — Have secondary male characters appeared. —
(4) Does he know any seed-raisers
(5) List of qualities in birds & animals for prizes. — Pidgeons. Canary birds — Bantams. —
Mad Porto Santo Rabbit. Descript. of colour & length of ears & skeleton, & skin —
Van Voorst often writes to Lowe
(7) In breeding, pointers. Bull-Dogs. Spaniels — Grey-hounds — is there ever any degeneration??
Hounds. Eyton Mr Wynne, &c Could by selection a different looking animal be formed — not caring whether good or bad. — are any actually rejected??
(8) Get Sir. R. Heron to give me Pigs foot undivided, & more particulars regarding effects of crossing them with common pigs — (it is a Lincolnshire Breed) — Sir. R. H. supposes is now extinct —
(9) About. American & Europaean common species, having somewhat of different appearance. — (will introduce it in work)
Yar knows whether Shaws hybrids between Trout & Salmon were fertile & whether homogeneous
About German ornithologists, Bhem & Glöger
Consul Hunt, birds from Azores or Madeira
Mr Blyth
(1) Mentions some breeder who raises many English birds — will young wild ones breed as well those already bred in cages.
Get direction write to
(2) Does he believe. Stanley's fact of Hawks distributing live Mamals
(3) Do most Hawks eat stomach of finches — do they throw up pellets —
(4) About hybrid pheasants treading — any treadee? — Difference in lambs of different herds
Is there any difference in breeds of Cattle & sheep in the sprouting of the horns, at different periods in different breeds — ?? or in individual case: subject to disease in youth. —
Mr Tollett — about selection for milking — loss of early habits in Dorsetshire sheep — migration of coots — variation in hounds =
An ugly calf
turns sometimes turns into fine beast, would its offspring have ugly calves, also turning into fine beasts. —
For comparison with hybrids, is offspring of short-horn bull & hereford cow similar to reverse cross. —
Sow cast-up-balls of Hawks or even owls. —
How long do seeds remain in stomach of birds — Mem: how many miles they fly in few hours
Zoological Soc
(1) Do the animals there sometimes couple but not conceive: Bears /yes/
(2) Foxes & English animals & birds breed
(3) In cases where Lions have bred, have they been raised from young ones, bred in captivity — Mr Miller says Wombwells were
(4) About fertility of ass-zebra-horse —
(5) About callosities on Camels-horses. &c &c Rhinoceros —
(6) Cross. Sus Barlyroussa with tame. —
(7) About fertility of Bantams from different countries =
Do the Peacocks cross. — Young Chinese or Penguin Duck in very young state for skeleton —
Does the tumbling of pigeons vary in manner & perfection &c &c &c — if so probably a variety, not specific character —
Cross Rumpless fowls & Dorking fowls, — or tailless dogs & fox, to see whether the characters are then intermediate or sometimes all on one side, as in crossing varieties
Amongst varieties cross one with abortive tail or horn, with another & see result, for comparison with natural species, as dioecious plants when crossed
R. Brown — will pollen act on any flower before stigmas expanded — in reference to Lobelia & Clarkia — Peas time of impregnation. —
says many flowers are dichogamous
Zostera — Knights notion of pollen & stigma generally not being mature at same time on same plant — Flora of Australian Mountains. — I could extract nothing from him
Is setting of fruit, cross Conception —
Does impregnation ever regularly take place in unopened flower —
doubt disbelieve this in Bauers case of orchidia
Where does J. Hunter use expression of "male principle of arrangement." — would not male or female "constructive principle" be better, or "constructive action on germ" —?? answered
Does Mormodes (one of the Catasetums) really always hit stigma by projecting pollen-masses? —
Has Ophrys nectary? = Bunbury says no hollow spur. — Ask about Pinks & Solanum impregnation before flower open. An. des Sc.
Where is Boerhaave's paper on impregnation of violets. = Zostera = Are dwarf plants on Wellington Mountain described in Flinders = Alpine Australia Flora = Banana's seedless — 20 varieties in mountains of Tahiti.
Dr Boott — says caricas from every isld differs — do they also differ in different countries — on flora of African Islds —
names of Plants found on mountains of N. America similar to Lapland Plants — will get answer.
Is pollen of cultivated Orchis & Asclepias & — carnosa? — good —
Norfolk Isd — geology, volcanic? Applies to my geology & Species theory — peculiar Fauna?. Australian Alps — ; are any Europaean forms found diere —
Lindley says that only one pineaple
(1) Are sterile hybrids healthy: number of generations: about crossing of plants, especially Papilionaceous order
(2) History of fruit trees far north in Scotland — do they flower — do they live healthily, or does fruit merely not ripen. — The point to attend to is whether good & plenty of pollen is produced. & 2d if so, whether concepcion takes place, — the mere fact of seeds ripening has scarcely any no relation to hybrids. —
(3) As peaches sport into Nectarines (does reverse happen?) what is effect of crossing peaches & nectarines: same question with regard to Primroses.
(4) do apples "sport" in fruit, or time of leafing
(5) Do the most cultivated show Heartease produce as large capsules of seed, as the commoner kinds —
cattle are horned, Suffolk have
abortive no horns by abortion, but sometimes have dangling ones. — Is there any genus of plants in which some organ is absent by abortion, but appears in abortive state either in the species, or in the individual by chance & under domestication. —
N.B. Benthams remarks, where parts of flower are reduced from normal number, they are apt to vary in number in individuals of same species —
(1 ) Number of eggs of half-bred geese — inter se, & with parents & of Chinese geese.
(2) Anatomy of muscles of stumps of tailess dogs & cats. —
(3) Hounds — lazing —
(4) about blended instincts of the geese which he crossed; especially if the hybrids were recrossed with either parent. —
May. 44
These Hybrids differ in colour of beak, taking after male & female parent. — Will they grow up in other respects different? Important. —
Oct. 44
Tell J. Anderson's statement of English Horses having fewer vertebrae in tail, than Continental horses.
— About the leaping of Irish Horses, bred in this country.
Chinese Dog's Head to send
Cover common Pea (& Sweet Pea) for several generations under net & see if get sterile — Cover that little Ervum in Sand-walk, on which I think I have never seen Bee visit.
Experiments in Garden
Sow stones of Standard Apricot grafted on what, & see what comes up. —
Cover patch of ground, with different salts & poisons & see in what order plants would reappear after
th being killed
Experiments not connected with Species Theory
(1 ) Will an extract of peat do to preserve fungi or animal substances —
(Athenaeum (40) p. 823 chemical analysis of Peat
(2) Athenaeum 1840 p. 777. decaying wood absorbs oxygen & forms Carbonic Acid, will this bear on Petrifaction?
[inside back cover (blank)]
Questions & Experiments
[The later manuscripts in DAR206.1 microfilmed following this notebook have not yet been transcribed.]
Return to homepage
Citation: John van Wyhe, editor. 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. (http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
File last updated 2 July, 2012


text:
Pink's Daughter Willow 'Likes to Travel' According to Carey Hart!
Pink looks super smiley as she arrives at LAX Airport to catch a flight out of town on Tuesday (July 1) in Los Angeles.
The 34-year-old entertainer's hubby Carey Hart posted a picture of their three-year-old daughter Willow to Instagram that same day. The pic showed Willow eating a first-class meal of Cheerios and yogurt on an airplane with her pops.
"Yep, she likes to travel!!!@RCHracing @SoaringEagleResort @Dodge @Sycuan_Casino @Suzukicycles @foxracing" Carey captioned the picture.
10+ pictures inside of Pink arriving at LAX Airport to catch a flight…


text:
Tutorial 3a: Materials Simulation by First-Principles Density Functional Theory I
Published on
This lecture provides an introduction to first-principles density functional theory based methods for simulation of materials, with a focus on determination of interatomic force constants and vibrational spectra of nano-structures and extended periodic materials. Outline:
- Phonons, soft modes
- First-principles Density Functional Theory
- Computational Materials Science
This lecture is part of the 2010 NCN@Purdue Summer School: Electronics from the Bottom Up.
Sponsored by
"Electronics from the Bottom Up" is an educational initiative designed to bring a new perspective to the field of nano device engineering. It is co-sponsored by the Intel Foundation and the Network for Computational Nanotechnology.
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:
MSEE B012, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN


text:
MONTREAL (AP) The Montreal Canadiens are still feeding off their lopsided loss on home ice to the rival Toronto Maple Leafs last week.
The Canadiens earned their third straight win Saturday night when Brendan Gallagher and Rene Bourque each had a goal and an assist in a 4-1 victory over the sagging Philadelphia Flyers.
The win came a week to the day after a 6-0 whitewashing by Toronto at the Bell Centre.
Defenseman Josh Gorges said the club did right to forget that defeat and focus on the games ahead.
``I thought the way we handled that game, with (Erik) Cole getting the guys together, guys talking and coming back to work the right way. ... You can lick your wounds and feel sorry for yourselves and point fingers, but instead of doing that we decided to look in the mirror, and be accountable and get better,'' Gorges said. ``We had a good week.''
The Canadiens rebounded with a 4-3 shootout win at Tampa Bay on Tuesday night and a 1-0 overtime win over the Panthers in Florida on Thursday before putting away Philadelphia.
``It was important to bounce back,'' coach Michel Therrien said. ``We got better each game. I like how we competed. I couldn't ask for more.''
David Desharnais and Tomas Plekanec also scored for the Canadiens, while backup Peter Budaj got his first win in three starts this season while filling in for Carey Price, who was at home sick. Max Pacioretty and Brian Gionta each had a pair of assists.
Daniel Briere had the lone goal for the Flyers, who have lost three of their last four and looked tired and listless as they were outshot 29-19. The Flyers had only seven shots when Briere scored more than halfway through the second period.
Captain Claude Giroux's concern with his team's flat play was evident when he spoke after the game.
``There's no compete,'' he said. ``We're not winning battles.
``We're just going through the motions. You know, we're a young team that can skate. We should be winning more battles than this. It's just frustrating to see. I know I have to be better, but a team is 20 guys and you need everybody to show up.''
Brian Boucher started in place of Ilya Bryzgalov and had little chance on the Montreal goals.
``Sometimes there are games where you go out there and see how it plays out,'' Boucher said. ``You don't want to play the game that way. You want to be on the attack, on the balls of your feet. Maybe that was the case tonight.''
It may have been a costly win for Montreal, which has been healthy since the start of the season except for center Petteri Nokelainen's back injury.
Gallagher left four minutes into the third period after he was checked into the boards by Luke Schenn, and Pacioretty exited the game after crashing either an elbow or his ribs into a goalpost after being hauled down by Kimmo Timonen at 11:52.
Therrien said both players had upper body injuries and would undergo tests to determine the extent of the problems.
Later, forward Colby Armstrong took a puck to face and went for treatment. And then defenseman Alexei Emelin struggled to the bench after being checked from behind by Giroux, although he stayed in the game.
The Flyers were coming off a 5-3 loss to New Jersey on Friday night. They were outshot 12-2 in the opening period but Boucher kept them in the game.
Gallagher got his fifth of the season at 8:53 after taking a feed from Pacioretty and putting a nifty move on Timonen before scoring on a low shot.
Gallagher and Pacioretty combined again to feed Desharnais alone in front 1:15 into the second frame.
Defenseman P.K. Subban made a sprawling save after Budaj misplayed a puck behind his crease, but the shutout was broken moments later when Briere put a shot in off Andrei Markov's leg at 13:56.
Plekanec got his seventh of the season 4:32 into the third as he took his own rebound off defenseman Braydon Coburn and fired it past the sprawled Boucher.
Bourque was credited with an empty-net goal at 18:56.
NOTES: Goalie Robert Mayer was called up from AHL Hamilton to back up Budaj. ... Montreal defenseman Alexei Emelin, hit on the face by a puck in the preseason, has traded in his face cage for a visor. ... Ryan White, Yannick Weber and Tomas Kaberle were scratched for Montreal. The Flyers sat out Kurtis Foster, Herry Zolnierczyk and Tom Sestito.


text:
Capital One Acadmic All-District
BRISTOL, Tenn. – Following the completion of her career, King University women's cross country runner Hannah Witt continues to win awards, recently being named Capital One Academic All-District for the second consecutive year. She was joined on the team by track and field star, Maegan Henry who earns the honor for the first time.
Witt graduated from King in December with a degree in Human Biology as she carried a grade point average of 3.95 in her time at King. She was on the King President's List eight times while being named to the Dean's List twice.
Athletically, the Mountain City, Tenn., native rewrote the Tornado cross country record books. Witt owns the top three 5k times in school history and four of the top five best times, all coming in during her senior campaign in 2013. She won the Conference Carolinas individual championship by more than 30 seconds over her nearest competitor with a 5k time of 17:40.08, earning the distinction of Conference Carolinas Runner of the Year. Witt followed that by winning the NCAA Southeast Regional championship en route to being named Southeast Region Runner of the Year. Based on her finish, Witt qualified for the NCAA National Championship Meet where she finished 50th. She led the Tornado to their second straight Conference Carolinas championship. This marks the second straight year Witt has earned this distinction as she was a Capital Academic All-American during the 2012-13 season.
Henry, a native of Bluefield, Va., continues to rewrite the King throwing record book as she set four new school records this season. The junior has won back-to-back Conference Carolinas Outdoor championships in both the hammer throw and shot put. Her tosses of 44.43 meters in the hammer throw and 14.04 meters in the shot put both came at the Conference Carolinas Outdoor Championships and set new school records. With her toss of 14.04 meters, she became the first student-athlete in school history to eclipse the 14-meter mark. Her toss of 14.04 meters was also an NCAA provisional qualifying mark. She also won Conference Carolinas championships in both the weight throw and shot put during the indoor season with marks of 15.56 meters and 13.34 meters, respectively. Henry holds indoor school records in both the weight throw (15.71 meters) and shot put at 13.49 meters.
Outside of athletics, Henry is a member of FCA (Fellowship of Christian Athletes) and holds a grade point average of 3.79 while majoring in Biology.
The Capital One Academic All-Americans will be announced on June 25.


text:
Hi, I tried to sign up at Tennis Mates but that did not work for some reason
Anyway, I'm a male and closing in on my fortieth year on the planet. I once played in 4.0/4.5 leagues-- I'm probably closer to a 3.5 now. It has been nearly 10 years since I played regularly. The last few years I've devoted my time to triathlons, a fantastic sport for loners; however, I'm ready for some one on one competition again. I just found out there is a local tourney (At the Champion's Club) coming up in about a month. I would love to find someone to hit with before then. Anybody else around here live in Chattanooga? My email: email@example.com


text:
Harano Kakatua by shirshendu Mukhopadhyay
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text:
Monday, July 25, 2011
Maritime Monday - Service Record Pt. 4
Here we see another page from the Service Record of Estel E. Dillman, my paternal grandfather. This particular page has a number of different pieces of information on it, so let's look at them one section at a time and talk about the significance of each.
First, it has the usual name, service number, rate, date and command information. This is how we keep track of who this particular piece of paper is reporting on. We can see that as of 13 May 1940, my grandfather was a Machinist Mate 2nd Class aboard the U.S.S. Brooklyn, having previously served aboard the U.S.S. Chaumont. I discussed both of those ships, including links to Wikipedia articles about them in previous posts.
Next, we see that on 7 Mar 1941, my grandfather crossed the equator and was initiated as a Shellback in a ceremony I also described in an earlier post. A week later, he crossed the International Date Line. So far as I am aware, there is not a similar ceremony for crossing the date line as there is for crossing the Equator. As I served in the western hemisphere, I did not have opportunity to cross the date line to find out.
Next, the record details his participation in the first expedition to Iceland for a month in the summer of 1941. Better than a winter visit, I'm thinking! Remember, though, that this was during World War II in Europe, and even though the United States were not formally involved in the war at that point, we were aiding our allies by providing suplies, and our ships were targets for German u-boats.
Next we see that on 01 Nov 1941, Estel was promoted to Machinist Mate 1st Class, which is the E-6 paygrade. This is an upper supervisory level just below middle management if you want a civilian equivalent. Sailors at this level are starting to do more management and supervision of lower ranked men, but are still very much in the thick of getting the work done. They still get their hands dirty frequently. They also train the lower ranks by providing guidance and experience working with the equipment involved.
In my own service record, it is unusual to have several different kinds of event recorded on a single page as it is on this one, but this page is by no means unique in Estel's service record. Also, these old service record pages are narrow, where my service record has full letter-size pages.
This and all other articles on this blog are © copyright 2011 by Daniel G. Dillman
Posted by Daniel Dillman on Monday, July 25, 2011
Labels: Estel E. Dillman, Navy, Service Record
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Difference between revisions of "Lenovo ThinkPad X230"
(cleaned up the crap on c-states and added references from wikipedia and Intel docs; if you don't understand the p/c-states and the newer (c6), don't modify this section at all)
m (Nessuno moved page ThinkPad X230 to Lenovo ThinkPad X230: All the others Lenovo's laptop pages have a title like this)
|(One intermediate revision by one other user not shown)
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=== External links ===
=== External links ===
* [http://pastebin.com/
* [http://pastebin.com/Review based on first hand experience by original tester]
Revision as of 07:41, 10 June 2013
Template:Article summary start Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary end
Lenovo ThinkPad X230 comes off with a wide range of available configurations. Since Lenovo's acquisition of ThinkPad brand from IBM, it has received lots of negative critics for not maintaining the original quality and compromising the brand itself. Regardless, ThinkPad still is one of the first preferences for many geeks, students (mainly due to student discounts) and Linux users. It is the standard option available in Lenovo's X Series under 12-13 inches display category.
Below is the short list for this setup. After-market RAMs and SSD were bought because Lenovo is apparently charging a lot for these.
Tested Configuration
|Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3210M CPU @ 2.50GHz
|Intel HD 4000 - Ivy Bridge
|3.5GB (Kingston)
|Crucial M4 120GB SSD
|2x2 Centrino Wireless-N 2200
|Built-in Battery
|9 Cell
|Additional Plugable Battery
|6 Cell 19+
|Backlit Keyboard
|Fingerprint Scanner
Everything works fine out-of-box except the biometric / fingerprint scanner cause of missing driver. X230 comes with a newer model of chip from Upek. Its manufacturer Authentec was contacted and we found that they only support Windows operating system. So for now, the Upek model with PCIE ID 147e:2020 or newer will remain unsupported in Linux until someone writes an open source driver.
System Configuration
Configured as usual with readahead and the below services.
- NetworkManager
- cups
- slim
- sshd
- syslog-ng
- vnstat
- cronie
- atd
Boot time was as roughly ~3 seconds.
If you really want to cut power then neither the stock kernel nor the Arch supplied kernel is optimized to run on any laptop efficiently. Try the patched kernels like linux-ck or linux-pf instead.
MODULES="i915" BINARIES="badblocks" FILES="/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf" HOOKS="base udev autodetect block filesystems keyboard fsck"
options i915 i915_enable_rc6=1 i915_enable_fbc=1 lvds_downclock=1 options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1
badblocks binary helps fix logical bad blocks if detected by fsck during system startup. First line in modprobe.conf file enables different Intel HD power saving options. To see what each of the parameters does, issue a command
modinfo i915. The second line disables the wifi N mode as Intel wireless driver suffers connection loss due to possible bugs. You can comment on this line if you want to transfer data at wireless N speeds.
After saving the above files, make sure to regenerate your init ram image by command
mkinitcpio -p linux && mkinitcpio -p linux-ck.
Then, to update grub2 with the new kernels you have to run
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
Pretty much self-explanatory.
Section "InputClass" Identifier "Trackpoint Wheel Emulation" MatchProduct "TPPS/2 IBM TrackPoint|DualPoint Stick|Synaptics Inc. Composite TouchPad / TrackPoint|ThinkPad USB Keyboard with TrackPoint|USB Trackpoint pointing device" MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*" Option "EmulateWheel" "true" Option "EmulateWheelButton" "2" Option "Emulate3Buttons" "false" Option "XAxisMapping" "6 7" Option "YAxisMapping" "4 5" EndSection
The original configuration renders the touchpad quite useless, as it behaves very jumpy. [Ubuntu Bugtracker] offers a solution for this issue. Add the following
Section "InputClass" Identifier "touchpad" MatchProduct "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" Driver "synaptics" # fix touchpad resolution Option "VertResolution" "100" Option "HorizResolution" "65" # disable synaptics driver pointer acceleration Option "MinSpeed" "1" Option "MaxSpeed" "1" # tweak the X-server pointer acceleration Option "AccelerationProfile" "2" Option "AdaptiveDeceleration" "16" Option "ConstantDeceleration" "16" Option "VelocityScale" "32" EndSection
Setting e.g. the motion-acceleration value in dconf to 2.8 works nicely.
Backlight Control Keys
Due to an issue with the firmware of several ThinkPads the backlight control keys (fn + F7/F8 on the X230) don't work correctly. Setting the brightness via e.g. the GNOME power control panel or altering the brightness value in sysfs is possible.
The issue can be temporarily and partially fixed in adding the acpi_osi="!Windows 2012" kernel parameter in
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet acpi_osi=\"!Windows 2012\"" sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
The fix is partially in that only 8 steps are accessible via the keys.
For more information see https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=51231 .
Power Saving
One option is to use Powerdown to save power. On this setup, it gave 14+ hours on a 9 cell battery and 6+ hours on plugable 6 cell external battery, with normal usage of cmus, firefox and thunderbird. Power saving kernel parameters in addition to graphics card power saving, are as under.
grep GRUB_CMDLINE /etc/default/grub
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet ipv6.disable=1 elevator=bfq" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd pcie_aspm=force acpi_backlight=vendor"
The parameter
elevator=bfq enables the Brain Fuck Scheduler written by Con Kolivas, part of Linux-ck and Linux-pf kernel forks.
pcie_aspm=force forcefully enables the PCIE Active State Power Management and
apci_backlight=vendor loads the vendor specific Backlight#ACPI driver (i.e. thinkpad_acpi) so the brightness keys (Fn + F8 and Fn + F9) work correctly. After editing the grub file, make sure to regenerate your grub configuration by command
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
Note that the
apci_backlight=vendor kernel option also works with the standard Arch kernel (currently 3.7.10-1) and has the additional bonus that (Fn + spacebar) controls the keyboard lighting.
Sleep/suspension and unsuspension can be easily managed by systemd without setting it up in Desktop Environment applet or pm-utils. But there are some modules that must be loaded off and on every time the system is put to sleep or is awaken. There's also a need to kill wpa_supplicant by adding
systemctl restart wpa_supplicant.service in below
sleep.sh file. And it is quite fast with systemd anyway.
#!/bin/bash if [ "$1" = "pre" ]; then killall -9 wpa_supplicant #nm-applet bug's workaround fi if [ "$1" = "post" ]; then /sbin/modprobe -rvf iwldvm /sbin/modprobe -rvf iwlwifi /sbin/modprobe -v iwldvm /sbin/modprobe -v iwlwifi fi
Put vboxdrv in it too, if you use VirtualBox. There is also an issue with system shutdown with power saving tools that cannot distinguish sys devices. You will need to add to the systemd shutdown trigger on this machine or else you'll get a system reboot when you shutdown the machine. Put this in /etc/rc.local.shutdown and update and enable its service, if not already.
#!/bin/bash # /etc/rc.local.shutdown: Local shutdown script. # A script to act as a workaround for the bug in the runtime power management module, which causes thinkpad laptops to restart after shutting down. # Bus list for the runtime power management module. buslist="pci i2c" for bus in $buslist; do for i in /sys/bus/$bus/devices/*/power/control; do echo on > $i done done
[Unit] Description=/etc/rc.local.shutdown Compatibility ConditionFileIsExecutable=/etc/rc.local.shutdown DefaultDependencies=no After=rc-local.service basic.target Before=shutdown.target [Service] Type=oneshot ExecStart=/etc/rc.local.shutdown StandardInput=tty RemainAfterExit=yes


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SANTA BARBARA, Calif. – UC Santa Barbara men's tennis snapped their five-match losing streak with a dominant victory at home on Sunday. The Gauchos (3-7) won the doubles point and five of six singles matches to defeat visiting Pacific (3-6) in a 6-1 decision.
UCSB found themselves on the winning side of the doubles competition for the first time in seven matches after receiving victories at No. 1 and No. 3 doubles. Pacific took the first doubles match at court 2 but the Gauchos countered back with an 8-6 win by UCSB pair Teague Hamilton and Andrew Riminton at court 3.
The doubles point came down to No. 1 doubles, where juniors Ziad Sultan and Tobias Galskov matched up against the Tigers' Alameh/Brand. The Gauchos served for the match at 7-6 but failed to put it away, sending the match to a tiebreaker. The UCSB duo climbed back from a 3-0 deficit in the tiebreak and finished off the match with an ace to conclude the dramatic doubles competition and clinch the doubles point for UC Santa Barbara.
"It was an exciting doubles win and obviously a big lift for us," said Head Coach Marty Davis.
The Gauchos carried the momentum through to the singles competition and took all but one singles match en route to the 6-1 triumph.
Freshman Teague Hamilton continued his winning streak at home with a victory in straight sets over Alex Hamilton 6-3, 6-4 and at No. 1 singles, junior Tobias Galskov posted another win for his team-leading seventh dual match victory in a dominating 6-1, 6-4 decision.
Junior Miles Seemann dropped Ben Mirkin, Pacific's former No. 1, at No. 6 singles 6-3, 6-1 to clinch the match for the Gauchos at 4-1.
The two teams continued play as UCSB notched two more victories to make the score 6-1.
Senior Sasha Gryaznov pulled out an impressive victory at court 3 with a 7-6, 6-2 defeat against Denis Stolyarov, who has been tough on the Gauchos in the past. Freshman Erik Johnsson came through in the lone three-setter and downed the Tigers' Miguel Diaz 7-5, 4-6, 12-10.
"It was really important for us to get on the winning side," said Davis. "Hopefully we can get on a little bit of a roll… [and] take care of business at home."
The Gauchos will continue their home stand with a match against St. John's on Wednesday at 1:30 p.m. and then weekend matches against Georgetown on Saturday, March 8 at 11:00 a.m. and Radford on Sunday, March 9 at 1:00 p.m.
UC Santa Barbara 6, University of Pacific 1
March 2, 2014
Santa Barbara, Calif. (Rec Cen Courts)
1. Galskov/Sultan (UCSB) def. Alameh/Brand (PAC) 8-7
2. Verbeek/Stolyarov (PAC) def. Gryaznov/Seemann (UCSB) 8-3
3. Hamilton/Riminton (UCSB) def. Hamilton/Cederwall (PAC) 8-6
1. Tobias Galskov (UCSB) def. Sem Verbeek (PAC) 6-1, 6-4
2. Daniel Alameh (PAC) def. Ziad Sultan (UCSB) 6-1, 6-1
3. Sasha Gryaznov (UCSB) def. Denis Stolyarov (PAC) 7-6, 6-2
4. Erik Johnsson (UCSB) def. Miguel Diaz (PAC) 7-5, 4-6, 12-10
5. Teague Hamilton (UCSB) def. Alex Hamilton (PAC) 6-3, 6-4
6. Miles Seemann (UCSB) def. Ben Mirkin (PAC) 6-3, 6-1
Order of Finish: Doubles (2, 3, 1); Singles (2, 5, 1, 6, 3, 4)
UCSB Season Record: 3-7; Big West 0-0