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When I started blogging here on sqlblog.com, I intended to write about stuff like T-SQL, performance, and such; but also about data modeling and database design. In reality, the latter has hardly happened so far – but I will try to change that in the future. Starting off with this post, in which I will pose (and attempt to answer) the rather philosophical question of the title: is data modeling an art or a science?
Before I can answer the question, or at least tell you how I think about the subject, we need to get the terms straight. So that if we disagree, we'll at least disagree over the same things instead of actually agreeing but not noticing. In the next two paragraphs, I'll try to define what data modeling is and how it relates to database design, and what sets art apart from science in our jobs.
Data modeling and database design
When you have to create a database, you will ideally go through two stages before you start to type your first CREATE TABLE statement. The first stage is data modeling. In this stage, the information that has to be stored is inventoried and the structure of that information is determined. This results in a logical data model. The logical data model should focus on correctness and completeness; it should be completely implementation agnostic.
The second stage is a transformation of the logical data model to a database design. This stage usually starts with a mechanical conversion from the logical data model to a first draft of the implementation model (for instance, if the data model is represented as an ERM diagram but the data has to be stored in an RDBMS, all entity and all many-to-many relationships become tables and all attributes and 1-to-many relationships become columns). After that, optimization starts. Some of the optimizations will not affect the layout of tables and columns (examples are choosing indexes, or implementing partitioning), but some other optimizations will do just that (such as adding a surrogate key, denormalizing tables, or building indexed views to pre-aggregate some data). The transformation from logical data model to database design should focus on performance for an implementation on a specific platform. As long as care is taken that none of the changes made during this phase affect the actual meaning of the model, the resultant database design will be just as correct and complete (or incorrect and incomplete) as the logical data model that the database design is based on.
Many people prefer to take a shortcut by combining these two stages. They produce a data model that is already geared towards implementation in a specific database. For instance by adding surrogate keys right into the first draft of the data model, because they already know (or think) that they will eventually be added anyway. I consider this to be bad practice for the following reasons:
- It increases the chance of errors. When you have to focus on correctness and performance at the same time, you can more easily lose track.
- It blurs the line. If a part of a data model can never be implemented at acceptable performance, an explicit decision has to be made (and hopefully documented) to either accept crappy performance or change the data model. If you model for performance, chances are you'll choose a better performing alternative straight away and never document properly why you made a small digression from the original requirements.
- It might have negative impact on future performance. The next release of your DMBS, or maybe even the next service pack, may cause today's performance winner to be tomorrows performance drainer. By separating the logical data model from the actual database design, you make it very easy to periodically review the choices you made for performance and assess whether they are still valid.
- It reduces portability and maintainability. If, one day, your boss informs you that you need to port an existing application to another RDBMS, you'll bless the day you decided to separate the logical data model from the physical database design. Because you now only need to pull out the (still completely correct) logical data model, transform again, but this time apply optimization tricks for the new RDBMS. And also, as requirements change, it is (in my experience) easier to identify required changes in an implementation-independent logical data model and then move the changes over to the physical design, than to do that all at once if only the design is available.
- It may lead to improper choices. More often that I'd like, I have seen good modelers fall victim to bad habits. Such as, for instance, adding a surrogate key to every table (or entity or whatever) in the data model. But just because surrogate keys are often good for performance (on SQL Server that is – I wouldn't know about other DBMS's) doesn't mean they should always be used. And the next step (that I've witnessed too!) is forgetting to identify the real key because there already is a key (albeit a surrogate key).
Art and science
For the sake of this discussion, "art" (work created by an artist) is the result of some creative process, usually completely new and unique in some way. Most artists apply learned skills, though not always in the regular way. Artists usually need some kind of inspiration. There is no way to say whether a work of art is "good" or "bad", as that is often in the eye of the beholder – and even if all beholders agree that the work sucks, you still can't pinpoint what exactly the artist has done wrong. Examples of artists include painters, composers, architects, etc. But some people not usually associated with art also fit the above definition, such as politicians, blog authors, or scientists (when breaking new grounds, such as Codd did when he invented the relational model). Or a chef in a fancy restaurant who is experimenting with ingredients and cooking processes to find great new recipes to include on the menu.
"Science" does NOT refer to the work of scientists, but to work carried out by professionals, for which not creativity but predictability is the first criterion. Faced with the same task, a professional should consistently arrive at correct results. That doesn't imply that he or she always will get correct results, but if he or she doesn't, then you can be sure that an error is made and that careful examination of the steps taken will reveal exactly what that error was. Examples of professionals include bakers, masons, pilots, etc. All people that you trust to deliver work of a consistent quality – you want your bread to taste the same each day, you want to be sure your home won't collapse, and you expect to arrive safely whenever you embark a plane. And a regular restaurant cook is also supposed to cook the new meal the chef put on the menu exactly as the chef instructed.
Data modeling: art or science?
Now that all the terms have been defined, it's time to take a look at the question I started this blog post with – is data modeling an art or a science? And should it be?
To start with the latter, I think it should be a science. If a customer pays a hefty sum of money to a professional data modeler to deliver a data model, then, assuming the customer did everything one can reasonably expect1 to answer questions from the data modeler, the customer can expect the data model to be correct2.
1 I consider it reasonable to expect that the customer ensures that all relevant questions asked by the data modeler are answered, providing the data modeler asks these questions in a language and a jargon familiar to the customer and/or the employees he interviews. I do not consider it reasonable to expect the customer (or his employees) to learn language, jargon, or diagramming style used by data modelers.
2 A data model is correct if it allows any data collection that is allowed according to the business rules, and disallows any data collection that would violate any business rule.
Unfortunately, my ideas of what data modeling should be like appear not to be on par with the current state of reality. One of the key factors I named for "science" is predictability. And to have a predictable outcome, a process must have a solid specification. As in, "if situation X arises, you need to ask the customer question Y; in case of answer Z, add this and remove that in the data model". Unfortunately, such exactly specified process steps are absent in most (and in all commonly used!) data modeling methods. However, barring those rules, you have to rely on the inspiration of the data modeler – will he or she realize that question Y has to be asked? And if answer Z is given, will the modeler realize that this has to be added and that has to be removed? And if that doesn't happen, then who's to blame? The modeler, for doing everything the (incomplete) rules that do exist prescribe, but lacking the inspiration to see what was required here? Or should we blame ourselves, our industry, for allowing ourselves to have data modeling as art for several decades already, and still accepting this as "the way it is"?
Many moons ago, when I was a youngster that had just landed a job as a PL/I programmer, I was sent to a course for Jackson Structured Programming. This is a method to build programs that process one or more inputs and produce one or more outputs. Though it can be used for interactive programs as well, it's main strength is for batch programs, accessing sequential files. The course was great – though the students would not always arrive at the exact same design, each design would definitely be either correct, or incorrect. All correct designs would yield the same end result when executed against the same data. And for all incorrect designs, the teacher was able to pinpoint where in the process an error was made. For me, this course changed programming from art into science.
A few years later, I was sent to a data modeling course. Most of the course focused on how to represent data models (some variation of ERM was used). We were taught how to represent the data model, but not how to find it. At the end, we were given a case study and asked to make a data model, which we would then present to the class. When we were done and the first model was presented, I noticed some severe differences from my model – differences that would result in different combinations of data being allowed or rejected. So when the teacher made some minor adjustments and then said that this was a good model, I expected to get a low note for my work. Then the second student had model that differed from both the first and my model – and again, the teacher mostly agreed to the choices made. This caused me to regain some of my confidence – and indeed, when it was my turn to present my, once again very different, model, I too was told that this was a very good one. So we were left with three models, all very different, and according to the instructor, they were all "correct" – and yet, data that would be allowed in the one would be rejected by the other. So this course taught me that data modeling was not science, but pure art.
This was over a decade ago. But has anything changed in between? Well, maybe it has – but if so, it must have been when I was not paying attention, for I still do not see any mainstream data modeling method that does provide the modeler with a clear set of instructions on what to do in every case, or the auditor with a similar set of instructions to check whether the modeler did a great job, or screwed up.
Who's to blame?
Another difference between art and science is the assignment of blame. If you buy a bread, have a house built, or embark on a plane, then you know who to blame if the bread is sour, if the house collapses, or if the plane lands on the wrong airport. But if you ask a painter to create a painting for your living and you don't like the result, you can not tell him that he screwed up – because beauty is truly a matter of taste.
Have you ever been to a shop where all colors paint can be made by combining adequate amounts of a few base colors? Suppose you go to such a shop with a small sample of dyed wood, asking them to mix you the exact same color. The shopkeeper rummages through some catalogs, compares some samples, and then scribbles on a note: "2.98 liters white (#129683), 0.15 liters of cyan (#867324), and 0.05 liters of red (#533010)". He then tells you that you have to sign the note before he can proceed to mix the paint. So you sign. And then, once the paint has been mixed, you see that it's the wrong color – and the shop keepers then waves the signed slip of paper, telling you it's "exactly according to the specification you signed off", so you can't get your money back. Silly, right?
And yet, in almost every software project, there will be a moment when a data model is presented to the customer, usually in the form of an ERM diagram or a UML class diagram, and the customer is required to sign off for the project to continue. This is, with all respect, the same utter madness as the paint example. Let's not forget that the customer is probably a specialist in his trade, be it banking, insurance, or selling ice cream, but not in reading ERM or UML diagrams. How is he supposed to check whether the diagram is an accurate representation of his business needs and business rules?
The reason why data modelers require the customer to sign off the data model is, because they know that data modeling is not science but art. They know that the methods they use can't guarantee correct results, even on correct inputs. So they require a signature on the data model, so that later, when nasty stuff starts hitting the fan, they can wave the signature in the customer's face, telling him that he himself signed for the implemented model.
In the paint shop, I'm sure that nobody would agree to sign the slip with the paint serial numbers. I wouldn't! I would agree, though, to place my signature on the sample I brought in, as that is a specification I can understand. Translating that to paint numbers and quantities is supposed to be the shopkeepers' job, so let him take responsibility for that.
So, I guess the real question is … why do customers still accept it when they are forced to sign for a model they are unable to understand? Why don't they say that they will gladly sign for all the requirements they gave, and for all the answers they provided to questions that were asked in a language they understand, but that they insist on the data modeler taking responsibility for his part of the job?
Maybe the true art of data modeling is that data modelers are still able to get away with it…
9 Comments. Leave new
Great coverage of this topic!
One item you didn't mention is that subsequent lifecycle changes to the database design need to be applied as appropriate to both the logical and physical data models. If not, a later derivation of a physical data model for a different DBMS from the logical data model may be out of sync with the current physical data model implementation, since the logical data model is out of sync with the current implementation physical data model. I have often seen the best of intentions in this area – starting with a logical data model during initial application design and deriving an initial physical data model – only to have all later application lifecycle database design changes implemented only in the physical data model.
As you mentioned, not all aspects of the physical data model need to be reflected in the logical data model (such as indexes and partitioning, which are physical-only issues), but other database design changes need to be reflected in both data models.
Keeping separate models in sync has historically been a challenging and effort- and time-consuming application lifecycle maintenance goal. Some tools can help with this effort. Hopefully, tools will get better at this over time. But it still comes down to the discipline of the data / database architects to value both models and make it happen.
Scott R.
Scott R. wrote: "One item you didn't mention is that subsequent lifecycle changes to the database design need to be applied as appropriate to both the logical and physical data models"
That's a VERY good point – and one where many tool vendors have completely dropped the ball.
I'm sure that everyone who has ever dabbled in data modeling will have used tools that are able to generate the DDL for a database from the finished model. This is great – for a first release. But in practice, the first release is never the last, and what good is updating the model in the tool if all the tool can generate is a bunch of CREATE TABLE statements? The tables already exist from the first release, and are filled with millions of rows of customer data right now; the LAST thing one wants to do is to drop and recreate them!
This is one of the main reasons why so many tools are bought, installed, used for a first release … and then end up being abandoned and forgotten. Keeping the model current becomes an extra chore if the changes can't be automatically propagated to the deployed database; it ends up as all documentation: "We'll update it later; right now we have a deadline to catch but after that, we will reserve time to change the documentation. Honest!"
nice article
makes me think about discussions long time ago, is programming art of science
style matters, elegance matters, you like it or you don't, so it's an art
but with one dificultie, in the end it has to work, like science is
the difference might be the fact that inspiration is less important, the idea about what is needed does not come from the programmer, and, as far as I am concerned, that's what is making art art, the idea
Some interesting points you raise.
Your experience with the class where three different models were presented that all appeared to meet the requirements is exactly in line with the research that Simsion has done on data modeling (see "Data Modeling Essentials" by Simsion and Witt).
In short, given a particular conceptual model, there are 1 or more logical models that will satisfy the requirements specified therein. The choices that go in to making that logical design involve myriad and often conflicting concerns. This is where the "art" happens. Optimistically, though, if we were able to encode these design concerns and parameterize them, it would remove much of the subjectivity in the conceptual-to-logical mapping.
Your paint analogy is nice in that it points out exactly where we sometimes go wrong as data professionals. The subject matter experts should not be asked to review logical models, but rather the conceptual model that informs them. The conceptual model should completely represent the business rules at play in the domain of interest, and there can really be only one "correct" conceptual model (for any differences in candidate conceptual models directly map to differences in understanding of the problem domain, and must be resolved before automation).
You say, about a logical data model. "The logical data model should focus on correctness and completeness; it should be completely implementation agnostic."
First: What does it mean?
(I've looked in the wikipedia what "Logical correctness" means, but somehow I'm not able to apply it to logical Data modeling.)
Second: How can I achieve this?
Mabye you know some books that can explain this in simple terms.
Hi Arjen;
I'm sure Hugo can expand on this a bit, but the short answer to your question is that a logical model should be absent any constructs that are specific to the RDBMS of your choice. In other words, a logical model need not be changed if you implement it on SQL Server or Oracle (or, perhaps more realistically, SQL Server 2000 or SQL Server 2008).
When you move to the physical implementation, you consider things like DBMS-specific datatypes (HierarchyID, the new Date and Time datatypes), performance-based tradeoffs, etc.
It's important to remember that for any single conceptual model (which must be "correct", at least with respect to the current understanding of the problem domain), there are multiple possible "correct" logical models, even if we restrict them to relational.
Hi TroyK,
I understand that the logical data model differs from the physical data model. It's on a higher abstraction level and leaves out any information about physical storage.
But correctnes and completnes are terms which ar also used in the scientific field of 'Logic'. The have a certain meaning there, an I was wondering if they are the same terms here.
We try to focus on all the entities in the domain and check of it is all there, if so we consider it complete . We also check of it looks satisfaible and if we are okee with it we consider it correct. If this is general the meaning of completeness and correctness no further questions ask, but maybe Hugo is refering to something mmore subtle. Something you always should do to improve the quallity of the model.
It feels a bit like you say "you should always do normalization" and I have never heard of "normalization" in the context in database design. (Yes, a shame on me if it were true.)
It's all about the phrase "you should focus on …". It says "here comes something really important" and then it's followed by these two terms "correctness" and "completness". No idea what he means by these terms or if they are used in some theorethical area. If you think that it's important to mention it, it would be nice to give some explanaition. A simple link will do. Just like de link under ERM.
Personally, I think if you go a bit acadamic you narrow your group of readers, that already knows what it's about. If that's the purpose it's oke, but if the purpose is to make designers more aware that there is more out there to improve the quallity of the design in general it won't hurt to add a bit more explaining.
Interesting article though the details don't do the subject justiice. In many instances, the thing we call science has a bit of art mixed in. Changing order of adding elements during a chemistry process can alter the outcome. Virtually every "science" experiment will have varying results when done by different individuals. The real trick is in understanding the variables, standardizing the variables, and explaining or removing the variables.
Likewise, data modeling is a "disapline" requiring the same attention to detail. In your example, the shopowner should and usually does the shop sample is a known enity. The components that result in a particular color have been measured over and over. The most important part of this process is getting the customer to confirm the store sample and his sample are an exact match.
Early in my career, I discovered a universal truth. That truth being a person will always tell you what the want, but seldom tell you what they need. If you give 'em what they want, they will always be asking for more. If you give 'em what they need, they will be happy. Therefor it is the data modeler's responsibility to communicate with the business expert to separate the wants from the needs. During the all important model review, it is up to the data modeler to present the model in a manner that doesn't overwhelm the business representative. The data modeler does not need to impress the business with the comples representation of all his/her hard work. That would be counter-productive and like showing the shop customer the component index numbers; unneccessary static.
I have interviewed many candidates for data modeling positions. An alarming number have little to no clue of what it takes to successfully design, model and present a database.
Is data modeling an art or science? Currently, it is a disapline. Someday, I believe it will evolve into a science, but for now it is a bit of both. Remember, a little more than a hundred years ago engineering was not a science; a lot of trail and error – kind of like data modeling.


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Los Angeles, San Fernando Valley and Santa Monica area
Hannah Hart: The YouToub personality and cook signs her new book, "My Drunk Kitchen: A Guide to Eating, Drinking and Going With Your Gut," 7 p.m. Aug. 27. Barnes & Noble, 189 The Grove Drive, Los Angeles, 323-525-0270. www.barnesandnoble.com
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text: I still have a huge drop in battery life. If I reboot, I get more time on a charge, but still a significant drop from Lion. If it's been a couple of days, I may get the warning after 90 minutes on my 2008 MBP. Not good. Need another ML update.


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Wednesday, December 14th 2011, 7:23pm
by PerryNZ
Thursday, November 24th 2011, 4:54pm
by PerryNZ
My question is what event does the 2" ball valve need to be shut off for if you have a master valve?
Very tactfully put!The debate for running solenoids with no water in the valve has been out for a while. While it does produce heat it more then likely won't harm much- at the most it will just lessen the life of the solenoid. Which in your situation isn't the biggest deal because solenoids are fairly cheap and you have to do this because of your unique situation.
Thursday, November 24th 2011, 3:33pm
by Mitchgo
Tuesday, November 15th 2011, 1:26am
by PerryNZ
The pump pressurises a tank, so switches on and off, automatically.OK. I wont be able to give you any more advice on this. I don't know the first thing about your pump and what will happen when it tries to run but you have a shut off valve on the line. Sounds like it might burn up to me.
Tuesday, November 15th 2011, 12:49am
by mrfixit
Monday, November 14th 2011, 7:09pm
by PerryNZ
A separate electronic timer in the pump shed. The system is a hybrid.You have me a little bit confused here. If you're using the SVCs in the field, what's controlling the master valve?
Right. Thanks. Does that imply that standard 24v AC valve solenoidsTo answer your question, no harm would come to the controllers. The DC solenoids don't get hot like AC.
Monday, November 14th 2011, 12:41pm
by mrfixit
Sunday, November 13th 2011, 9:22pm
by PerryNZ
Thursday, November 10th 2011, 7:58pm
by mrfixit
Thursday, November 10th 2011, 2:54am
by PerryNZ


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Could 4K Be the Next HD?
As Panasonic (NYSE:PC) shows off its new tablet with super-high 4K resolution — among other manufacturers making 4K devices — the tech industry could be signaling the beginning of the 4K age and the ending of today's "HD" video.
Just what exactly is 4K?
Where HD came in and made images and video crystal clear by increasing image resolutions dramatically — with 1080p video having more than 4 times the resolution of DVD video –4K comes with resolutions another 4 times higher than 1080p video. 4K technically can be considered HD, as the definition of so-called High Definition is inherently vague, and while it might seem laughable that tech companies are going to make the crystal clear images of today even more crystal clear, that's the direction high-end technology seems to be heading.
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How are companies using it?
Panasonic's showing of the 4K tablet running on a Microsoft (NASDAQ:MSFT) Windows-based platform may not mean much for consumers at the moment. The tablet is likely only going to be for industry professional and quality fanatics at first. However, high-end technology like this always has a way of trickling down to the consumer-level after a couple of years, and the technology could be coming in from several fronts. Canon (NYSE:CAJ) has announced two new cameras capable of recording 4K video, and Sony (NYSE:SNE) has shown off a massive OLED TV with 4K resolution.
With pressure for 4K coming from both the recording front and the display front, there's potential for 4K to replace HD in the coming years. For now, though, device prices will likely be prohibitive for most consumers. But in the future, these same companies will likely introduce consumer-grade products, and companies that don't follow the 4K trend could get left in the HD crystal clear dust.
Investing Insights: Will GameStop Rebound?


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The "new iPad" launched this week, bringing a significant improvement in display quality and 4G connection speeds. But the way it was announced reminded me more of John Sculley's Apple than Steve Jobs' Apple. Steve was an expert at setting expectations that the product could beat, while Sculley tended to overset expectations and folks were increasingly disappointed. Sculley's Apple had problems with execution as well. We saw all of that in the new iPad announcement. John Sculley was the CEO who is famous for firing and replacing Steve Jobs in the 1980s, and I think Tim Cook is now the new John Sculley.
Let me explain.
The new iPad and the old Newton
The Newton was a pretty amazing handheld tablet computer for its time. It significantly exceeded what any competing product could do. But Scully focused on handwriting recognition as the key feature and it sucked. No, it really sucked; it sucked so much it was a running joke for over a decade. This was an example of overreaching. Had Apple positioned the Newton around its strengths, which is what the Palm Pilot eventually did, it likely would have been a success.
Dictation may be the new iPad's handwriting recognition. Unable to get Siri to work on the new iPad, Apple instead dropped back to dictation. But doing dictation right includes high accuracy and punctuation. Even the best current-generation dictation product is only about 98-percent accurate in a dead quiet room with lots of effort training the device. If you train yourself you can get to 99 percent, but punctuation has always been a bridge too far. And realize that even 99-percent accuracy will create a number of errors in even moderate email. In a noisy room, accuracy can drop precipitously, and the device can begin dictating what other people are saying. That's not to even mention that listening to someone do this is even more annoying than a loud cell phone call, or someone who is currently arguing with Siri.
This would be more along the lines of a beta feature you might toss out there, but you'd never make it a signature product, the technology just isn't there yet for anyone.
People were expecting the iPhone 5 last cycle, but Apple redesigned the phone and called it the 4S. It would appear that someone in Apple was pissed about the "S" part, and decided to leave off any version number on the new iPad, even though they are calling this the third-generation iPad on Apple's website,(when the website isn't crashing).
Even after March 16, there are likely to be old iPad 2s that folks are going to think are the new iPad.We aren't, as a group, that observant.
So there will be some percentage of buyers who will buy the iPad 2 thinking it is the new iPad, and be pissed. This decision was likely made to clean out old inventory on top of the price reduction, or in the hope that many of the vendors would sell the old iPad at the old price. Whatever the decision, when you move to confuse, you typically piss off some very vocal folks and that seemed to be a problem with the pre-Jobs Apple.
The new iPad is positioned as having a dual-core processor with quad-core graphics, which Apple said (on stage) has higher performance than the Nvidia Tegra 3. However the Tegra 3 is a five-core (one core is for low-power mode) 12-shader part. Apple is, like a lot of folks have been, equating cores with shaders. They really only have a dual-core part with four shaders. Graphics are massively parallel, and in fact, Nvidia's next part will be an eight-core processor with up to 64 shaders, or tremendously more advanced than its current offering. It is due before the year's end. Because iOS isn't ported to Tegra 3 or 4, doing a benchmark will be tough. But on spec (and engineers love specs), the Apple part doesn't even look competitive, let alone superior.
Steve Jobs would have just focused on how great the product looked and avoided talking about cores at all. The new iPad looks fantastic, but it is no four-core product, and I think Apple's presentation crossed the line into misrepresentation, which is always dangerous.
Good product, over promised
Anyone with an iPad 1 or even iPad 2 would appreciate the improvement in the new iPad, but the execution of the announcement has overpromised, which will likely lead some buyers to feel they were cheated.This is the kind of thing that makes people feel stupid for standing in line, and it is a very dangerous to do. The fact that Apple couldn't port Siri in time is particularly troubling, suggesting it's having internal execution problems. That was further exemplified by its inability to keep the order sites up after launch.
Apple brought out a product that, on its face and if Jobs had presented it, would have exceeded expectations. But the company fell into the common trap of trying to make it seem better than it was. Rather than doing that with words like "amazing" and "magical," which are subjective, Apple promised objective specs and features, which will instead disappoint.
I have little doubt Apple will sell every iPad it can make for a while, but I also think an increasing number of buyers will feel ripped off. Maybe the Apple fan base won't be as willing to stand in line for the next new iPad, regardless of what it is called.
Guest contributor Rob Enderle is the founder and principal analyst for the Enderle Group, and one of the most frequently quoted tech pundits in the world. Opinion pieces denote the opinions of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of Digital Trends.
The views expressed here are solely those of the author and do not reflect the beliefs of Digital Trends.


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This chapter describes the technique of preparing GIS-ready data and shows how to map that data and conduct basic analyses using a geographic information system (GIS). First, the user will download and format near real-time and historical earthquake... (View More) data from the USGS. Using latitude and longitude fields, they will then plot these data in a GIS. Next, they will analyze patterns by querying records and overlaying datasets. Finally, they will examine earthquake distributions, monitor current earthquake activity, and try to predict where the next big earthquake will occur on Earth. Includes teaching notes, step-by-step instructions, case study, tools and data, and going further. This chapter is part of the Earth Exploration Toolbook, which provides teachers and/or students with direct practice for using scientific tools to analyze Earth science data. Students should begin on the Case Study page. (View Less)
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In this activity, users download and graph modeled climate data to explore variability in climate change. Most people know that climate changes are predicted over the next hundred years, but they may not be aware that these changes are likely to... (View More) vary from region to region. Using data from the University of New Hampshire's EOS-WEBSTER, a digital library of Earth Science data, users will obtain annual predictions for minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation for each of these 5 states: New York, Georgia, Colorado, Minnesota, and California. Data will span the years 2000 through 2100. Users will import the data into Excel and analyze it to see what, if any, regional variability exists. Finally, they will download data for their own state, compare these results with the results from the other 5 states and use their results to answer questions related to climate change. This chapter is part of the Earth Exploration Toolbook (EET). Each EET chapter provides teachers and/or students with direct practice for using scientific tools to analyze Earth science data. Students should begin on the Case Study page. (View Less)
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This lesson incorporates sea surface data collected by NASA satellites. Data for three surface characteristics- height, temperature and speed- are used for several activities. Students examine the differences in speed of currents relative to... (View More) distance from the Equator. Sea surface data anomalies are charted and further analyzed. In addition, surface current data is presented to examine patterns related to El Niño. Note that this is lesson three of five on the Ocean Motion website. Each lesson investigates ocean surface circulation using satellite and model data and can be done independently. See Related URL's for links to the Ocean Motion Website that provide science background information, data resources, teacher material, student guides and a lesson matrix. (View Less)
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I play a variety of games and do a bit of modding on Crysis. The thing is I'm in college and my spare time for modding is somewhat unpredictable. Recently wrapped up the Tactical Expansion mod for Crysis, and working on a ongoing singleplayer map.
Only registered members can share their thoughts. So come on! Join the community today (totally free - or sign in with your social account on the right) and join in the conversation.


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- FA Cup round-up
Four each for Chelsea, Man City and Wigan in the FA Cup
The FA Cup is live on ESPN this season. Click here for details on how to subscribe
Manchester City and Chelsea both advanced with 4-0 wins in the FA Cup on Sunday, although Rafael Benitez's side are a step behind their Premier League counterparts after they came through a fourth-round replay.
Manchester City turned on the style to seal their place in the last-eight, beating Leeds 4-0 at the Etihad Stadium. Currently 12 points adrift of leaders United in the league, Roberto Mancini knows the FA Cup might be his best chance of silverware, and his team responded with goals from Yaya Toure, Sergio Aguero(2) and Carlos Tevez.
It took five minutes for City to make Leeds feel inferior with a goal of the highest order. Toure and David Silva exchanged passes before the ball was fed into Tevez, who impishly flicked the ball back into the path of Toure, allowing him to round the keeper to score a fine team goal.
It was 2-0 after 15 minutes as Aguero was pulled back inside the area, allowing him to convert from 12 yards as Leeds faded quickly.
Aguero was a mischief-maker all afternoon and he played a superb part in Tevez's second-half strike, cutting in from the left, exchanging a one-two with Silva before crossing for his compatriot to tap home. He then deservedly got his second of the game, stroking home a silky finish.
Chelsea belatedly booked themselves an FA Cup fifth round date at Middlesbrough, beating Brentford 4-0 at the second attempt despite a lacklustre first-half performance.
The Blues had been held to a 2-2 draw at Griffin Park and they were made to toil for 54 minutes before they eventually struck a decisive blow in the replay, triumphing thanks to goals from Juan Mata, Oscar, Frank Lampard and John Terry.
Terry, who awoke to widespread reports of a major fallout with interim boss Rafael Benitez, returned to skipper the side at Stamford Bridge, while Fernando Torres was left on the bench.
Chelsea were booed off at half-time but Mata's initial intervention ensured their cup defence remains alive this season. Picking the ball up 20 yards from goal, he drove low into the corner to ease tension around the ground.
Oscar then netted a cheeky backheel to effectively kill the game off, and then Mata set up Lampard to cushion home his 199th Chelsea goal, before Terry wrapped things up with a late back-post header.
Wigan enjoyed some welcome respite from their Premier League problems to reach the quarter-finals of the FA Cup with a 4-1 victory over Huddersfield Town.
Wigan lie 19th in the Premier League but they dominated the Championship side with goals coming from Arouna Kone, twice, Callum Mcmanaman and James McArthur.
The Terriers nicked one back to make it 3-1 in the second half through Lee Novak but Kone's second completed a good Sunday's work for Roberto Martinez's men.
Be part of the Budweiser 2012-13 FA Cup fan film. Share your photos on Twitter: #tothedream


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Polls: On eve of second debate, Romney on the rise
In a series of new polls out this morning, Mitt Romney's ratings have risen since his performance in the first presidential debate.
In a Washington Post/ABC News poll, 62 percent of Romney supporters now say they are "very enthusiastic" about Romney compared to 52 percent before the debate. The president's supporters have an unchanged view of him with 60 percent saying they are "very enthusiastic" compared to 59 percent before the debate.
Among 923 likely voters polled, 49 percent back Mr. Obama and 46 support the Romney. The outcome is similar to the last Washington Post/ABC poll from two weeks ago and is also within the 3.5 percent margin or error.
The poll noted "barely one in eight" respondents say they are undecided or say there is a chance they could switch their opinion.
The survey shows some positive aspects for the Obama campaign as an increase number of respondents say the country is headed in the right direction, with 42 percent saying so compared to 13 percent before the party conventions in August. On the other hand, 56 percent still say the country is on the wrong track.
Another survey, by Politico/George Washington University, shows Romney with an increase in his favorability rating. Fifty-one percent of likely voters say he has a favorable rating, which is two points higher than before the debate, while 44 percent have an unfavorable view. (Watch pollster Frank Luntz discuss the next presidential debate.)
The president, however, still has a higher favorability rating of 53 percent.
Obama enjoys the support of 49 percent of the 1,000 respondents polled compared to 48 percent who are backing Romney, which is the same as last week's Politico poll. Among battleground states, Romney posts 50 percent to Obama's 48 percent, which is within the 3.1 percent margin of error.
The survey reveals Romney has an eight-point advantage among independents and an 11-point lead among men. Women, however, back the president by 11 points: 54-43 percent.
In a third poll, Gallup's Daily Tracking poll, Romney has the support of 49 percent of likely voters and Mr. Obama garners the support of 47 percent. The results are also within the margin 2 point margin of error, as are the results of every Gallup Daily Tracking Poll since October 1.


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There's a post at WUWT which is really a cross-post of this by Harold Ambler. It claims that the NOAA temperature map for this February is "less than accurate."
View original post 717 more words
There's a post at WUWT which is really a cross-post of this by Harold Ambler. It claims that the NOAA temperature map for this February is "less than accurate."
View original post 717 more words
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Use of Maps
Maps are designated non-circulating material and may be circulated by special permission only. Decisions on map circulation are made by a librarian. Circulation staff will make the decision in the absence of a librarian.
Guidelines for circulation
Flat maps are delicate and subject to damage if removed from the building. They should be circulated only if absolutely necessary. Every effort should be made to find an alternative before allowing circulation.
Faculty may borrow rolled and folded maps. One semester is the outside limit for faculty borrowing.
Students may borrow maps for legitimate outside-the-library use (usually class presentations or scanning). The outside limit for student borrowing is 48 hours.
Maps are subject to recall, as are all circulating materials.


text:
- About us
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Another form of attack against web applications is known as Cross-Site Scripting. (This is abbreviated to XSS as the acronym CSS was already taken by Cascading Style Sheets.) In a cross-site scripting attack, data is entered into an application which is later written back to another user. If the application has not taken care to validate the data correctly, it may simply echo the input back allowing the insertion of Javascript code into the HTML page.
A naive implementation of a bulletin board might store a user's comment in a database and write it straight back to other users who are viewing the thread. By posting something like


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Headland hundred ready or not here I come! I will be running Headland Hundred this weekend going for my 3 finish. Looking forward to it.
I have been trying to adjust being back in Fremont. I love Sierra madre and the East side of the Sierras. Glad I got to spend time on the trails with all my friend during my vacation.
I hope to get back by next month to do Mt. Langley and of course New Army pass again. I might even do Whitney in October ;-)
Ok everyone send me those positive thoughts this weekend while I am running HH ;-)))


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Tevin Raheem Rivers and Zackery Daniel Houge have been arrested for their alleged involvement with a vehicle break-in that occurred at Lawton Station early Thursday.
On Thursday, at about 2 a.m., officers were called to Lawton Station in regard to a report of a theft from a vehicle. Bluffton Police Officers located suspect Tevin Rivers outside his residence in Mill Creek. Rivers was found to be in possession of items that were reported stolen from the vehicle.
Upon continuing the investigation , police discovered that Zackery Houge was also allegedly involved. Investigators from the Bluffton Police Department and the Beaufort County Sheriff's Office went to Houge's home and executed a search warrant for other items reported missing. Houge was subsequently arrested.
This is an ongoing investigation to determine if there are other victims.
The Bluffton Police Department requests that citizens lock their vehicle and store all valuables out of sight while it is unattended.


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- 2003 Bott-Geyl Gentil - France, Alsace, Alsace AOC
Bright, fruity nose, even a bit spritzy. Rich in the mouth with a dry, biting finish. A definite mineral element which plays off the fruit nicely. Very, very good.
This was well paired with a torchon of foie gras, rhubarb chutney, with a rose water pinot gris jus.
- 2004 Bonny Doon Vineyard Le Cigare Blanc - USA, California, Santa Cruz
Nose not revealing much, perhaps a bit too cold. In the mouth you are hit immediately with smoke and tobacco. Good minerality. Expands to fill the mouth. A lingering, fruity finish. Good.
Paired with smoked duck breast, citrus salad, and aspic of duck consomme. The smoky elements of the wine played wonderfully with this course, and the aspic and wine was a astoundingly delightful match.
- 1998 Château de Meursault Savigny-lès-Beaune Les Peuillets 1er Cru - France, Burgundy, Côte de Beaune, Savigny-lès-Beaune
A rich and intriguing nose, but in the mouth rather austere, begrudgingly giving up a wee bit of fruit. Short, drying finish.
A course of halibut with artichoke hearts, asparagus, ramps, and morrels, with a red and yellow beet vinaigrette improved the wine slightly, though I was still disappointed. So, I opened the following, and was delighted...
- 1998 Château de Meursault Aloxe-Corton - France, Burgundy, Côte de Beaune, Aloxe-Corton
Rich nose, mouth filling. Spicy with a lingering finish. Quite good.
After an intermezzo of lemon sorbet, candied lavender, and limoncello, we brought out the big guns.
- 1999 Elan Vineyards Cabernet Sauvignon - USA, California, Napa Valley, Atlas Peak
Thick, funky nose. Complex: smoky chocolate, tobacco, dirt. Long finish. Quite good.
Paired very well with rack of elk, sultana-fennel relish, and cabernet sauce.
- 1966 Dow Porto Vintage - Portugal, Douro, Porto
@ Decanting -- The cork came out with a satisfying pop and a waff of spirits into the room. Once in the decanter, wow. Much darker than I imagined, with a little bit of caramel around the edges. Deep fruit on the nose. In the mouth, just a wow. The fruit is so forward, with a candied element. No hint of alcohol at all. Even right after decanting, this is a beautiful bottle.
@ 3 hours -- The fruit merges into the background a little. Drinks a bit less like a fruit bomb. A swirl of complexity: deep cherry fruits, nuts, caramel, vanilla. My, oh my, this is good.
A seriously good port. And a seriously good cheese: Jasper Hill Bayley Hazen Bleu. Served with an amarone mostarda. I could have lingered on this course for ever.
- 2000 Weinlaubenhof Alois Kracher Cuvée Beerenauslese - Austria, Burgenland, Neusiedlersee
Not cloying sweet, but rich. Nice and dry in the mouth, with a lingering finish. A slight bit of a pepper balances the fruit. Very good.
A very good wine to finish with. And the dry spice of the wine paired well with an herbed pot de creme, honey sabayon, and pine nut biscotti.
Posted from CellarTracker


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Bargain Alert! 10 Stylish Sofas on Sale Now
Looking to replace your current couch? Getting a new one can be a great way to update your living room and good motivation for you to decorate accordingly. Here are some stylish sofas that are on sale now; take a look and see if any of these would work for your space!
- Fog Kendall Sofa from World Market; was $699, now $549.
- Chelsea Sofa from Urban Outfitters; was $998, now $599.
- Serta Monaco Leather 77" Deluxe Sofa from Target; was $599, now $509.
- Natural Cape Town Sofa from ABC Carpet & Home; was $1,695, now $999.
- Crashpad Yellow Divided Daybed from ABC Carpet & Home; was $995, now $795.
- Cameron Leather Sofa from ABC Carpet & Home; was $2,495, now $1,499.
- Calypso 91" Sofa in Gibson Fabric from JCPenney; was $3,197, now $1,917.
- Darrin Leather Sofa from JCPenney; was $3,395, now $2,037.
- Martina Leather Chaise Sectional Sofa from Macy's; was $2,649, now $1,899.
- Linen Ditte Sofa from Anthropologie; was $3,898, now $2,995.
Apartment Therapy supports our readers with carefully chosen product recommendations to improve life at home. You support us through our independently chosen links, many of which earn us a commission.


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Holiday budget: $537 for presents, $52 for decorations ... and $300 to have the dog's stomach pumped?
This year, the average shopper will spend $737.95 on holiday expenses, reports the National Retail Federation. But pet owners budgeting for the holidays may also want to factor in the cost of an emergency vet visit for when their dog or cat eats something it shouldn't, an occurrence veterinarians say is more common this time of year.
"We always talk about Halloween as being the start of chocolate season," said Dr. Tina Wismer, medical director of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals' Animal Poison Control Center.
Pets have access to quantity this time of year from a trick-or-treater's bag or a present under the tree. But the treat, which is toxic to cats and dogs, can trigger vomiting, diarrhea and—if eaten in larger amounts—seizures and even death, she said.
(Read more: What happens to reward miles upon death?)
"If she ate 15 Hershey's kisses, that would be a really big dose." That's what Cole Wolfson of Pittsburgh recalls emergency vets saying when he and his wife arrived home two days before Christmas to find their 15-pound Chihuahua-Corgi mix Deeka had raided a wrapped box of chocolates left beneath the tree.


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Vladimir Putin touted the 2014 Winter Games with a tour of Olympic Village and a visit to endangered leopards, and Pussy Riot came to New York to tell the world not to believe the hype. Via The Foreign Bureau, WSJ's global news update.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the rule I the eye ... Russian President flatter me or ... is in Sochi Tori Neolithic village in collecting craze from International Olympic Committee Chairman Thomas Bach ... yes it's cute ... and it would very much higher ... they will ... say ... Foley's outstandingly chief ... on Tuesday ... visited the sanctuary near Sochi for an injured person leopards ... which has reportedly built the Pulsar Russia's environmental credentials ... but not everyone is Kering overcoat ... formerly imprisoned members of the Russian punk protest band Pussy Riot arrived in New York on Tuesday ... give a press conference where they called on Americans to look beyond the facade of the Olympics ... no less less ... that's the thing in it you know the stuff I see it ... I didn't stay too low but so is the thing and I was ... its ... members of Pussy Riot will appear at a concert or precludes Barclays Center on Wednesday night ... organized by industry International to bring attention to human rights issues around the world ... this is the


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This one has been bugging me. I cant seem to figure it out. can anyone help..??
A tumor may be regarded as a population of multiplying cells. It is found empirically that the birth rate of the cells in a tumor decreases exponentially with time so that β( t) = β0e-αt ( where α and β0 are positive constants).
And hence
dP/dt = β0e-αt P
1.Solve this initial value problem for P(t) = P0exp ( ß0/α(1- e-αt)
Observe that P(t) approaches the finite limiting population P0exp(ß0/α) as t approaches infinity.
2.Suppose that at time t=0 there are P0 = 106 cells and that P(t) is then increasing at the rate of 3 x105 cells per month. After 6 months the tumor has doubled (in size and in number of cells). Solve numerically for α , and then find the limiting population of the tumor.


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|Hamid Karzai - Caricature
(Photo credit: DonkeyHotey)
A Truth Journal: Afghanistan: Pull The Plug NOW, 2 Funny Daily Show Videos: From Denny: How many times does this President need for Afghanistan's Karzai to stick his finger in Obama's eye before he finally slaps back? "President" Karzai was supposed to sign the security pact with the United States, then President Obama gave him a Tick Tock delay to sign it by the end of December. Karzai is still negotiating for more and more and as outrageous as he can, claiming he will not sign until his conditions are met - not signing until maybe April 2014. Karzai arrogantly dangles this possibility in front of Obama's nose like a gold-plated carrot...
Warriors Pearl Dog Tags
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15 gal. Silver Recycling Container
- Item # 48PZ46
- My Part #
- Mfr. Model # 1961686
- Catalog Page # N/A
Using 360° Viewing:
- Rotate: Use top-to-bottom, side-to-side by use of mouse arrow.
- Zoom In: Double click on image.
- Zoom Out/Reset: Put photo at full zoom & then double click.
CAD Downloads
- Shipping Weight 60.0 lbs.
Product Details
Technical Specs
- Item Recycling Container
- Trash Container Capacity 15 gal.
- Total Capacity 15 gal.
- Color Silver
- Container Mounting Style Free-Standing
- Width 19-1/2"
- Container Depth 14-25/32"
- Height 37-31/32"
- Finish Powder Coat
- Material Stainless Steel
- Shape Rectangular
- Standards ADA Compliant, UL Classified, US Green Building Council
- For Use With Recycling System
- Features Magnetic Connection Keeps The Containers Arranged In The Order That Best Fits The Space - In A Row Or An Island. The Easy-Access Front Door And Handle Allow For Ergonomic Emptying Of Waste. The Internal Door Hinge Prevents Unsightly Wall Damage And Helps Maintain A Neat, Clean Appearance. Rigid Plastic Liners With Handles Have Built-In Venting Channels That Create Airflow Making Removal Of Waste Faster And Easier, Improving Productivity.
- Indoor/Outdoor Indoor,Outdoor
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- Primary Container Color Silver
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Emphasizing the synergies between science and engineering, these video clips highlight the research of professional ocean scientists and engineers in various disciplines. The clips are accompanied by additional relevant content including images,... (View More) data visualizations, graphs, animations, and other information. Content has been organized into more than a dozen thematic areas such as Solving Old Problems with New Technology and Small Scale Observations and Large Scale Ideas. All content has been aligned with science and engineering practices from the Next Generation Science Standards, including "asking questions and solving problems" and "planning and carrying out investigations," providing applicable resources for teachers who want to provide role models of effective practice for their students. (View Less)
This set of three videos illustrates how math is used in satellite data analysis. NASA climate scientist Claire Parkinson explains how the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice covers are measured from satellite data and how math is used to determine trends... (View More) in the data. In the first video, she leads viewers from satellite data collection through obtaining a time series of monthly Arctic and Antarctic average sea ice extents for November 1978-December 2016. In the second video, she begins with the time series from the first video, removes the seasonal cycle by calculating yearly averages, and proceeds to calculate the slopes of the lines to get trends in the data, revealing decreasing sea ice coverage in the Arctic and increasing sea ice coverage in the Antarctic. In the third video, she uses a more advanced technique to remove the seasonal cycle and shows that the trends are close to the same, whichever method is used. She emphasizes the power of math and that the techniques shown for satellite sea ice data can also be applied to a wide range of data sets. Note: See Related & Supplemental Resources for the maps and data files (1978-2016) that will allow you to do the calculations shown in the video. These also include data for different regions of the Arctic and Antarctic, enabling learners to do additional calculations beyond those shown in the videos. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
This 16-page booklet illustrates multiple NASA sources that allow educators to incorporate real Earth science data and images in their teaching and programs. Sample resources as well as firsthand accounts of how these are being used in the classroom... (View More) or informal education setting are included. (View Less)
In this activity, users download and graph modeled climate data to explore variability in climate change. Most people know that climate changes are predicted over the next hundred years, but they may not be aware that these changes are likely to... (View More) vary from region to region. Using data from the University of New Hampshire's EOS-WEBSTER, a digital library of Earth Science data, users will obtain annual predictions for minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation for each of these 5 states: New York, Georgia, Colorado, Minnesota, and California. Data will span the years 2000 through 2100. Users will import the data into Excel and analyze it to see what, if any, regional variability exists. Finally, they will download data for their own state, compare these results with the results from the other 5 states and use their results to answer questions related to climate change. This chapter is part of the Earth Exploration Toolbook (EET). Each EET chapter provides teachers and/or students with direct practice for using scientific tools to analyze Earth science data. Students should begin on the Case Study page. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
Users explore data, using My World GIS, that characterize the dynamic Greenland Ice Sheet. By examining photographs, map views, and tabular data, users gain an understanding of how and why scientists are monitoring the ice sheet and what they are... (View More) finding. Users explore map layers that represent ice sheet thickness, weather station locations, and annual melt extents of the ice sheet. They learn about the working conditions that Arctic scientists must endure to collect their data, and how sensors on satellites are used to gather information from an area as large as Greenland. Finally, users learn about scientists' methods for measuring ice flowing downhill from Greenland, and examine that data to learn how fast the ice is moving. This chapter is part of the Earth Exploration Toolbook, which provides teachers and/or students with direct practice for using scientific tools to analyze Earth science data. Students should begin on the Case Study page. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free per student
This 5-minute animation portrays fluctuations in the cryosphere through observations collected from a variety of satellite-based sensors. The cryosphere consists of those parts of the Earth's surface where water is found in solid form, including... (View More) areas of snow, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, ice sheets, and icebergs. In these regions, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of each year. (View Less)


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40" Class Life+ Screen AS520 Series Smart LED LCD TV (39.5" Diag.)
Details https://shop.panasonic.com/support-only/TC-40AS520U.html
- Personalize your Smart TV interface with Life+ Screen
- Customize your favorite content menus with My Home Screen
- Access a wide range of content and apps with My Home Cloud
- Send social media messages and smartphone content to your TV remotely
- Native 120Hz refresh rate 240 BLB (Back Light Blinking)
- 1080p Full HD Resolution
SpecificationsExpand All
Picture Quality
- Display
- Panel LED LCD TV
Aspect Ratio16:9
- Panel Drive 240 blb
- Picture Mode Vivid/Standard/Home Theater/Cinema/Custom
- Viewing Angle 176 degree
- Color Space —
- Studio Master Drive —
- Local Dimming —
- Unique Graphic Engine —
- Noise Reduction Y (Dot Noise Reduction)
- THX Certified Display —
- 4K / 1080p Pure Direct —
- isf Mode —
- 3D Type —
- 2D-3D Conversion —
Sound Quality
- Speakers Full Range x 2
- Speaker Output 20 W (10 + 10)
- Stage Surround Sound —
- Surround Mode V-Audio
Easy Operation
- my Home Screen Y
- my Stream
- my Stream***** —
- Multi User Profile —
- Voice Assistant
- Voice Print Recognition —
- Voice Command —
- Voice Guidance Y
- Touch Pad Remote (with my Button) —
- Info Bar —
- Built-In Camera — ****
- eHelp Y
- my Home Could Y
- Remote Sharing Y
- Swipe & Share Y
- Panasonic TV Remote 2 (App) Y
- Internet Apps
- Web Browser* Y
- 4K Online Player —
- Unique Processing Engine —
- Wireless LAN Built-In Y
- Display Mirroring Y
- Bluetooth** (APT-X Compatible) —
- Media Player
- Media Player (Picture/Movie/Music) Y
- Support Format MKV/MP4/M4v/FLV/3GPP/VRO/VOB/TS/PS, MP3/AAC/FLAC/WAV, JPEG
VIERA LinkY
- Eco Navigation Y
- Energy Star Y
- HDMI (4K 60 Input) —
- Support Feature Audio Return Channel (Input 2)
- DisplayPort (4K 60 Input) —
- Component Video Input shared with Composite RCA phono type x 1 (rear)
- USB 2 (USB 2.0 x 2)
- SD Card —
- Ethernet 1 (rear)
- Digital Audio Output (Optical) 1 (rear)
- Included Accessory*** TV Remote
Power SupplyAC 110 - 127 V, 60 Hz
- Screen Size Diagonal (inches) 39.5
- On mode Average Power Consumption 37.5 W
- Rated Power Consumption 79 W
- Standby Power Consumption 0.2 W
Display Resolution1,920 (W) x 1,080 (H)
- Dimensions (W x H x D) (w/o stand) 904 x 527 x 59 mm / 35.6 x 20.8 x 2.4 inch
- Dimensions (W x H x D) (with stand) 904 x 570 x 247 mm / 35.6 x 22.5 x 9.8 inch
- Weight (w/o stand) 10.5 kg (23.1 lbs)
- Weight (with stand) 12.0 kg (26.4 lbs)
- Operating Temperature 32°F - 95°F (0°C - 35°C)
- Safety Standard UL60065/FCC Parts15
- VESA Compatible Y
- Carton Dimensions (W x H x D) 1,241 x 620 x 124 mm / 48.9 x 24.5 x 28.6 inch
- Gross Weight (with stand) 15 kg (33.1 lbs)
- Warranty 1 year
Further Specifications
- NOTE * The Web Browser cannot display some web pages correctly. And viewable contents by VIERA Web Browser are subject to the following conditions; / - viewable contents may vary depend on models, / - viewable contents may differ from those for PC, / - viewable contents may be limited. / ** HID (Human Interface Device Profile) compliant keyboards are available. A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile) compliant audio devices are available. / *** Not all the accessories are listed here. / **** Skype Camera is optionally available. / ***** Viewable contents may vary depend on regions and services.
Replacement Accessories
Remote Controls
Firmware & Drivers FIRMWARE
- Version: 2.064
Issues Addressed:
Updates Network Applications
Improves Skype Functionality
- Release Date: 10-27-2014
- Operating Systems: windows/mac
Owner's Manuals
How To Guided Tutorials
What should I do if my TV will not turn on and the power indicator LED is not flashing?Follow these troubleshooting steps:
- Make sure your TV's power cord is plugged into an electrical outlet.
- Make sure the electrical outlet the TV is plugged into has power by testing known working device in that outlet.
- After verifying the TV is plugged into a working outlet, try pressing the [POWER] button on the TV instead of the TV remote.
What should I do if the front Power indicator LED light is blinking?1. Unplug the TV's power cord.
2. Unplug all cables.
3. Power the TV using a different power outlet (do not use a power strip or surge protector).
If the problem persists, please consider having the TV serviced. Click here for Panasonic Service Locator.
Note: Count how many times the LED light blinks. This can help a technician troubleshoot the problem.
What should I do if I can access all of the TV apps except Netflix?1. Change the DNS setting of your TV to 18.104.22.168.
2. If you are able to access the Netflix splash screen, use the TV remote to deactivate your account by pressing Up, Up, Down, Down, Left, Right, Left, Right, Up, Up, Up, Up. After this process, try loggin back into the Netflix TV app.
If the procedure is successful a screen will come up with the option to deactivate your device from your account. If not try the process again. Once you have successfully deactivated your device, you will need to activate it by opening Netflix and at the main screen selecting Member Sign In, then following the on screen prompts until activation is complete.
If the Netflix app still fails to open, but all of the other TV apps work, visit help.netflix.com for more support.
What should I do if I have bars displaying on the TV screen?Change the format (aspect ratio) of the picture by pressing the [FORMAT] or [ASPECT] button on the TV's remote control. If you still have bars, check the aspect settings on your external video source, such as Cable/Satellite box, DVD/Blu-ray Disc player, etc. Note: Some content, such as film-based movies, are available in extra-wide format. Top and bottom bars are unavoidable.
eHelp Manuals
Consumer Product Support and Technical Assistance
Operating hours:
Mon-Fri 9am-5pm EST
x-is-remote_addr: 126.96.36.199 -- x-forwarded-for: 184.108.40.206 -- Fallback address: 188.8.131.52 -- httpRemoteAddress: 126.96.36.199 -- All Headers: {x-is-script_name=/on/demandware.servlet, cf-ipcountry=US, x-is-server_port_secure=1, true-client-ip=184.108.40.206, x-is-query_replaced=Y, x-is-server_port=80, x-is-cache_hash=74fc50872bfbc2e8e2c969576c565cd2, cf-visitor={"scheme":"https"}, host=10.0.23.131:10233, dw-is-client_addr=18.104.22.168, cf-connecting-ip=188.8.131.52, connection=Keep-Alive, x-is-server_name=shop.panasonic.com, x-is-request_method=GET, x-wa-version=0.62.7.0, x-is-path_info=/support-only/TC-40AS520U.html, x-is-requestid=wg43xeVHR1wBAAB_-0-00, cdn-loop=cloudflare, x-is-gateway_interface=jwa, cf-ray=49d378f97fc69f78-IAD, x-forwarded-proto=https, x-is-server_protocol=HTTP/1.1, x-is-path_translated=/support-only/TC-40AS520U.html, x-is-host=shop.panasonic.com, x-is-server_software=1.8.0_172, x-forwarded-for=184.108.40.206, x-is-ssl_client_cert=, accept=text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8, x-is-session_id=vwXFjX97xU_zp14NHF_BYxq1PYPilnMMeQxdsIpUSFUo_DFJ543dnq8Xk25ltIVkiAi5EAAm7sLs4IKZRvJ6Zg==, x-real-ip=220.127.116.11, x-is-remote_addr=188.8.131.52, accept-encoding=gzip, user-agent=CCBot/2.0 (https://commoncrawl.org/faq/)}


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Box Hill Institute: Music Application - Hip Hop
Sales Have Ended
Sales Have Ended
Have questions?
firstname.lastname@example.com or call 03 9286 9695
All applicants for Diploma of Music Industry (Urban Music) must complete the following process.
To book an interview, simply click on the blue "SELECT A DATE" button and scroll down until you find a suitable date. Click on the date that you want, and then click on the green "REGISTER" button on the top right hand side of the screen. Scroll down and select a preferred interview time.
If you experience difficulty in registering for an interview, or you can't find a suitable date/time, please contact the Box Hill Institute by either phoning (03) 9286 9695 or emailing: email@example.com Remember to leave your contact details, preferred date and a preferred time.
You will recieve a booking confirmation via email
Interviews are taking place at our Nelson Road Campus, 853 Whitehorse Road, Box Hill 3128. You will need to report to the Level 1 Reception.
Please arrive 10-15 minutes prior to your interview time
Interview information:
Your interview will be a discussion on your skills and passion for Hip Hop music, and an introduction to the requirements of the program.. We suggest that you bring supporting evidence of your work and profile. This can include press shots, a bio, examples of your music (mp3's, Youtube, Sound Cloud etc.).
Interviews are now taking place with the course starting Monday, 30th April, 2018
Applicants who are unable to meet the entry requirements can complete an intensive preparation program and then enter the Diploma.


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by Tom Utescher
It doesn't have the highest profile among La Salle High School sports teams, but in recent years the Explorers' tennis program has been one of the most successful.
In the Philadelphia Catholic League finals last Tuesday, La Salle swept St. Joseph's Prep, 5-0, to claim its fifth straight PCL crown, and its seventh over the last eight seasons. The triumph in the championship match (played at La Salle University) gave the squad a record of 11-0 in league play, and 17-0 overall. Non-league victories include wins over defending Friends Schools League champion Friends Central and over Penn Charter, which was sitting second in the Inter-Ac at the end of the first week of May.
La Salle carries a large varsity team roster of 17 players, and nine of them hold rankings in the USTA Middle States section.
"The school's academic reputation attracts a lot of the boys," noted coach Bill Geiger, a teacher in the language department at La Salle. "I think the success of the tennis team encourages new players by word-of-mouth; our boys tell their friends about the team and about the school."
The Explorers made a 9-0 run through the PCL regular season, winning all their matches 5-0 with the exception of a 4-1 outcome against Roman Catholic on a day when sophomore number one Christian Lutschaunig did not play. In the playoff semifinals, La Salle breezed past Cardinal O'Hara, 5-0, advancing to meet the Prep in the PCL championship bout.
Lutschaunig, seventh in the Middle States rankings in the 16's division, dispatched Prep number one Grant Boyle, 6-0, 6-2. In the other singles slots, junior Brian Stefanowicz took two 6-1 sets from Brendan Phillips, and number three Andrew Wilt, a senior, shut out the Hawks' Luke Schlegel, 6-0, 6-0.
At first doubles, seniors Rich Danze and Harry Bonet bounced Anthony Mastrocola and Mike Barton, 6-0, 6-1, and in the second pairing sophomore R.J. Napolitano, a sophomore transfer from Germantown Academy, joined up with freshman Kyle Vo to vanquish Prep's Dan Bradley and Dan Convery, 6-0, 6-0.
In PIAA matches, where two more doubles flights are contested, La Salle's third duo consists of sophomores Mitch Abramo and Mike O'Connor, while junior Eric Schultz (also a swimming standout) plays fourth doubles along with sophomore John Neufeld.
Danze, who will attend Florida Gulf Coast University next year, is team co-captain along with fellow senior Jerry Bellettieri, who's bound for Penn State. Wilt will remain local at Villanova, and Bonet has chosen the University of Scranton, where he plans to continue his tennis career.
Next up for the Explorers is the PIAA District 12 tournament, where they lost to Central High School in 2009 and got revenge last year by beating the Lancers. In the 2010 state tournament the young La Salle team was knocked out in the first round by Conestoga High School, the second seed out of District 1.


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How to Act Like Your Hero?
HeroEverybody has heroes, whether it's your role model, or someone who you look up to. At some stage in life you may want to improve yourself, and become more like that person. The following articl...
Read More »
Is Guitar Hero World Tour compatible with Guitar Hero 3 for Wii?
Guitar Hero World Tour guitars can be used with Guitar Hero III guitars on the Wii, and vice versa. Since Guitar Hero III does not support drums, vocals or downloadable songs, it cannot take advan...
Read More »
Does Guitar Hero guitar controller work with all Guitar Hero games for Xbox 360?
The guitar controller made for the "Guitar Hero" series of games on the Microsoft Xbox 360 works for all games in the series, beginning with "Guitar Hero 2" and continuing through more recent relea...
Read More »
Will a Guitar Hero 3 PS3 controller work with Guitar Hero 2?
The Guitar Hero III wireless Les Paul guitar controller will not function with Guitar Hero II on the PlayStation 3. Guitar Hero II was developed by Harmonix, and Guitar Hero III was developed by Ne...
Read More »
Will my PS3 guitar hero controller work with the PC guitar hero?
The Gibson Les Paul guitar, released with "Guitar Hero: World Tour" on the PlayStation 3, can be used to control the PC version of the game. To enable this function, you need to plug the USB dongle...
Read More »


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National Public Seating® 8"Hx4'W Shirred Stage Skirts; Green
Item #: 901-SS84GN
Model #: SS84GN1
Brand: National Public Seating
Not yet rated.Be the first to Write a Review!
$62.99 Each
Delivery Date:
Enter Zip CodeParcel
Help with furniture delivery, assembly,...Read more + Read less -
protection plans and more.
Plus, you've got choices! You'll find options for those DIYers on a budget, those that want us to do all the work and everyone in-between. Want all the details? Get them right here.
Shirred Pleat Skirting
- Made of 100% polyester material
- Fire retardant and scotchguard treated against stains
- Includes industrial-grade mating Velcro for easy attachment to stages
- Size: 8"Hx4'W
- Green
|Weight (lbs.) : 8
|Width in Inches : 10 Year
|Series or Collection : Green
|Warranty Information : Portable Stages
|Depth in Inches : 4
|Assembly Required : Each
|Pack Size : 3
|Brand : National Public Seating
|Customizable : No
|Weight : 3.00 lbs. per Each


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|Reira learning to sew
(OOAK Poppy Parker)
First Miniature Monday of 2013! I found this miniature sewing machine at one of those asian gift shops. It's a tad big for a 12inch doll but comes close to scale. That was good enough for me. There are lots of miniatures out there and most are in 1:12 scale, fit for dollhouses. As much as I love those I get really excited when I stumble upon something for my fashion dolls, especially one that I didn't order from the web.
I love how realistic it looks, wood grain and all. The main drawer opens and closes too. The best part is it's actually a music box. When the winding key is wound up, the wheel, needle bar and foot pedal all move in harmony. Since I'm easily amused, I find all this very cool!
Happy Monday!


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High Performance EXILIM ZOOM with Anti Shake DSP for Everyone High Performance EXILIM ZOOM with Anti Shake DSP for Everyone
August 4, 2005, London, England – CASIO ELECTRONICS CO. LTD., in conjunction with its parent company CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. announced the release of the latest additions to its EXILIM ZOOM line up with the EX-Z10, EX-Z110, and EX-Z120 digital cameras. Designed to be user-friendly, fun, and convenient, as well as featuring CASIO's renowned EXILIM Engine with Anti Shake DSP, these offerings are intended to introduce the ease and enjoyment of high quality digital photography and world-class performance to anyone, anywhere.
The EXILIM digital camera series represents the culmination of CASIO's core technologies, combining cutting-edge miniaturization and digital expertise with state-of-the-art photographic capability. As with all digital cameras in the EXILIM series, the new EXILIM ZOOM models feature CASIO's EXILIM Engine, an image processing module that delivers high quality images, quick operation, and low power consumption, all of which have made EXILIM the camera of choice for many users the world over.
These latest models feature the Anti Shake DSP, which reduces blurring caused by shaking hands or moving subjects, while the Auto Macro and Quick Shutter functions ensure that photos are properly focused. High Sensitivity Mode produces clear shots with a bright background without the flash, even when lighting is dim. The EX-Z120 features 7.2 megapixel resolution and 32 scene BESTSHOT function located on a convenient mode dial. The EX-Z110 features 6.0 megapixels and the EX-Z10 features 5.0 megapixels, both with practical 28 scene BESTSHOT.
For enhanced user-friendliness, the mode dial and easy mode menu use simple icon images that make picture taking a snap for beginner digital camera users. The EXILIM's emblematic quick start-up is further made convenient with easily accessible DIRECT ON buttons that enable fast start-up for quick shots and photo viewing. All three new models run on AA batteries and have an AV out port allowing quick and convenient image viewing on televisions. Each camera has a 2.0-inch TFT color LCD display as well as a standard optical viewfinder, a 3x optical zoom, and VGA (640x480pixels) size video recording capabilities. Of course, EXILIM standard features, such as short release time lag, allow pictures to be taken almost instantaneously, so you never miss the important moments. For those who want to enjoy more ambitious photography, these cameras support manual settings such as adjustable shutter speed and aperture for creative photo experiments, satisfying the needs of aspiring minds.
The EXILIM ZOOM EX-Z10, EX-Z110, and EX-Z120 cameras are designed to bring the fun and convenience of digital photography to people everywhere with user-friendly features that are true to CASIO's tradition of cutting-edge technology, intelligent functionality, and high-quality photography.
High Performance, Advanced Capabilities
The EX-Z120 has a 7.2 megapixel CCD (EX-Z110: 6.0 megapixel CCD; EX-Z10: 5.0 megapixel CCD) and a slim 3x optical zoom
High quality images, high speed, and long lasting battery in a miniaturized package with EXILIM Engine image processing module
The latest version of the EXILIM Engine features Anti Shake DSP,which reduces blurring caused by shaking hands or moving subjects
Large 2.0 inch digital interface TFT LCD display•The EX-Z120 can take 170 still shots (EX-Z110: 180 shots; EX-Z10: 270 shots) on one battery charge according to CIPA standards (1)
Stylish, compact and high grade body fits well in the hand•The zoom lever and shutter are combined into one
*1 Based on Alkaline (LR6 Matsushita Battery Industrial Co., Ltd.)
Easy to Operate User-friendly Mode
Mode dial facilitates easy switching between still image mode, playback mode, etc.
For first-time users who find it difficult to navigate complicated settings, easy mode displays selected menu items such as image size and flash on/off in a large, easy to understand format
Camera powered by AA alkaline, nickel-cadmium, or lithium batteries available at most stores
Enhanced Quick Responsiveness
Once powered on, the camera is ready to take pictures in approximately 1.3 seconds (EX-Z10/EX-Z110: approximately 1.5 seconds(2)
After the shutter is fired, the picture is taken almost instantaneously with an approximately 0.007 seconds release time lag (EX-Z110 has 0.004 second lag)(3)
High-speed picture playback of approximately 0.1 seconds interval•Continuous shutter function enables photos to be taken in approximately 0.9 seconds (4) intervals, limited to available space on memory card•The "DIRECT ON" button function allows quick startup in both shooting and playback modes
*2 using internal memory, with internal flash turned off
*3 with internal flash turned off
*4 depending on the type of memory card used
Convenient and Multivariate Functions
Simple selection from 32 different BESTSHOT scenes (EX-Z10/EX-Z110: 28 BESTSHOT scenes (5) provides beautiful still pictures
Manual setting allows adjustment of camera aperture, shutter speed, exposure, etc. for custom shots
The "Quick Shutter" function reduces mistakes by facilitating simple and easy high-speed focusing
The "Auto Macro" mode allows for automatic switching between macro mode and auto focus mode
The "Icon Help" function provides pop-up icon guidance when adjusting camera settings
The "Flash Assist" mode compensates for poorly illuminated areas of the shot
*5 BESTSHOT scenes include "Anti Shake", which reduces blurring caused by both shaking hands and moving subjects, as well as "High Sensitivity", which enables bright pictures in a dim place even without the flash.
Movie Functions
Movies recorded in VGA (640×480 pixels) size, 30 frames per second (EX-Z120: 28 frames per second) (Motion JPEG)•Using the "MOTION PRINT" function, movies can be converted into a series of nine or just one snapshot for printing•Movies can be zoomed in during replay
The "Movie Editing" operation offers three ways (beginning, middle, end) to cut unwanted scenes from a movie
Equipped with AV out allows the camera to be directly connected to a television to view pictures and movies
Includes "Photo Loader" software which facilitates easy transfer of pictures to a PC
Menu display language can be set to Chinese (simplified and traditional), English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish
Compatible with PictBridge and USB Direct Print for direct connection to printing device
Compatible with ExifPrint(Exif 2.2) as well as PRINT Image MatchingⅢ


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"Morning dawn beam" – This musical phrase sounds as if inviting us early in the morning to rise and approach to a window-open a window and to smile to the morning sun – sounds of notes adjust you for good, successful day, good mood – filling with feelings of pleasure and love to a life, pleasure to new good day with which all affairs of the house and on work will be perfectly made. There are no problems. You have banished the laziness-still yesterday!) all easily and very much – O'k!) Smile! You the lucky person!
All is excellent!
These wonderful gentle, unusually easy and velvet sounds of the piano possible using in Logos – Corporate (indent), News TV-Radio ,video, websites open pages, opening photo-sesion, presentation Design – graphic or photo, flash – signature, commercials etc.


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Home Depot (NYSE:HD) saw its profit jump 32% amid a recovering U.S. housing market and repairs after Hurricane Sandy, as the retail giant beat rival Lowe's (NYSE:LOW) by the widest margin so far.
Continue Reading Below
The home-improvement retailer said on Tuesday its profit totaled $1.02 billion, or 68 cents a share, up from the $774 million profit, or 50 cents a share, reported a year earlier. The latest quarter also included a favorable adjustment to a charge related to a store closing in China. Adjusted earnings to exclude that charge were 67 cents a share.
Sales jumped 14% to $18.25 billion.
Analysts projected per-share earnings of 64 cents and revenue of $17.7 billion.
Year-over-year results were aided by a fourth quarter that included one extra week compared to the prior-year period. Home Depot said the fourth quarter's extra week added about $1.2 billion in revenue and seven cents to per-share earnings.
Home Depot's results beat Lowe's, which reported on Monday a 1.9% increase in same-store sales and total sales of $11.05 billion, for the 15th consecutive quarter. The gap between the two retailers is the widest since Home Depot, the nation's largest home-improvement retailer, began outpacing Lowe's in 2009.
"We ended the year with a strong performance as our business benefited from a continued recovery in the housing market coupled with sales related to repairs in the areas impacted by Hurricane Sandy," Frank Blake, Home Depot's chairman and chief executive, said in a statement.
Comparable-store sales rose 7%, fueled by a 7.1% improvement in the U.S. The average ticket increased 5.6% to $55.46. Gross margin fell slightly to 34.9% from 35%.
The Atlanta-based company also announced an increase in its quarterly dividend to 39 cents a share, up 34%. Home Depot's board authorized a $17 billion share repurchase program as well, replacing its previous authorization.
For the current year, Home Depot said it anticipates per-share earnings of about $3.37, same-store sales growth of about 3% and total sales growth of around 2%. Analysts were looking for an earnings outlook of $3.49 a share, while Home Depot's projection is up 12% over the previous year's results.
Shares of Home Depot were up $1.65 to $65.57 a share in pre-market trading Tuesday.