text: MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Single Output Quarter-brick MILITARY COTS DC-DC CONVERTER 16-40V Continuous Input 16-50V Transient Input 1.8V Output 40A Output 86% @ 20A / 82% @ 40A Efficiency Operation: -55°C to +100°C Mil-COTS The MilQor series of Mil-COTS DC-DC converters brings SynQor's field proven high-efficiency synchronous rectification technology to the Military/Aerospace industry. SynQor's ruggedized encased packaging approach ensures survivability in demanding environments. Compatible with M D CO C 28 -D TSIN C C C-2 1. ON 88V V 1R O ER 8U T @ TER QT -N 40 -S A the industry standard format, these converters operate at a fixed frequency, and follow conservative component derating guidelines. They are designed and manufactured to comply with a wide range of military standards. Safety Features • 2250V, 30 MΩ input-to-output isolation • Certified 60950-1 requirement for basic insulation (see Standards and Qualifications page) Mechanical Features • Industry standard quarter-brick pin-out • Size: 1.54" x 2.39" x 0.50" (39.0 x 60.6 x 12.7 mm) • Total weight: 3.2 oz. (91 g) • Flanged baseplate version available Specification Compliance MCOTS series converters (with an MCOTS filter) are designed to meet: Product # MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Phone 1-888-567-9596 • • • • High efficiency, 82% at full rated load current Operating input voltage range: 16-40 V Fixed frequency switching provides predictable EMI No minimum load requirement • On/Off control referenced to input return • Remote sense for the output voltage • Output voltage trim range of +10%, -20% Input under-voltage lockout Output current limit and short circuit protection Active back bias limit Output over-voltage protection Thermal shutdown • MIL-HDBK-704 (A-F) • RTCA/DO-160E Section 16 • MIL-STD-1275 (B,D) • DEF-STAN 61-5 (Part 6)/(5 or 6) • MIL-STD-461 (C, D, E, F) Operational Features Control Features Protection Features • • • • • Designed and Manufactured in the USA Screening/Qualification • • • • AS9100 and ISO 9001:2008 certified facility Qualified to MIL-STD-810 Available with S-Grade or M-Grade screening Temperature cycling per MIL-STD-883, Method 1010, Condition B, 10 cycles • Burn-In at 100C baseplate temperature • Final visual inspection per MIL-STD-2008 • Full component traceability www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005363 Rev. F 11/03/14 Page 1 MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Output: 1.8V Current: 40A Technical Diagrams BLOCK DIAGRAM REGULATION STAGE ISOLATION STAGE 8 CURRENT SENSE 1 +Vin +Vout T1 T1 T2 T2 3 4 IN RTN ISOLATION BARRIER OUT RTN GATE DRIVERS CURRENT LIMIT UVLO OVSD GATE CONTROL 6 OPTO-ISOLATION PRIMARY CONTROL TRIM SECONDARY CONTROL 7 +SENSE 2 5 ON/OFF —SENSE DATA COUPLING TYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAM Vin(+) Vin External Input Filter Electrolytic Capacitor Vout(+) Vsense(+) ON/OFF Trim Vsense(_) Vin(_) Product # MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Rtrim-up or Rtrim-down Cload Iload Vout(_) Doc.# 005-0005363 Rev. F 11/03/14 Page 2 MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Output: 1.8V Current: 40A Technical Specification MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Tb = 25 °C, Vin = 28 Vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -55 °C to +100 °C baseplate temperature with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice. Parameter Min. Typ. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltage Non-Operating -1 Operating Operating Transient Protection Isolation Voltage Input to Output Input to Base-Plate Output to Base-Plate Operating Temperature -55 Storage Temperature -65 Voltage at ON/OFF input pin -2 INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Operating Input Voltage Range 16 28 Input Under-Voltage Lockout Turn-On Voltage Threshold 15.0 15.3 Turn-Off Voltage Threshold 14.0 14.3 Lockout Voltage Hysteresis 1.0 Recommended External Input Capacitance 100 Input Filter Component Values (L\C) 1.0\6.6 Maximum Input Current No-Load Input Current 80 Disabled Input Current 2 Response to Input Transient 0.2 Input Terminal Ripple Current 250 Recommended Input Fuse OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point 1.782 1.800 Output Voltage Regulation Over Line ±0.1 Over Load ±0.1 Over Temperature -27 Total Output Voltage Range 1.755 Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak-to-Peak 0 25 RMS 7 Operating Output Current Range 0 Output DC Current-Limit Inception 44 48 Output DC Current-Limit Shutdown Voltage 0.8 Back-Drive Current Limit while Enabled 0.9 Back-Drive Current Limit while Disabled 5 Maximum Output Capacitance Output Voltage during Load Current Transient Step Change in Output Current (0.1 A/µs) 130 Settling Time 300 Output Voltage Trim Range -20 Output Voltage Remote Sense Range Output Over-Voltage Protection 2.106 2.196 EFFICIENCY 100% Load 82 50% Load 86 Note 1: Output is terminated with 1 µF ceramic and 15 µF low-ESR tantalum noise, consult SynQor applications support (e-mail: [email protected]) Note 2: Trim-up range is limited below 10% at low line and full load. Product # MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Phone 1-888-567-9596 Max. Units Notes & Conditions 60 40 50 V V V Continuous Continuous 1 s transient, square wave 2250 2250 2250 100 135 18 V dc V dc V dc °C °C V 40 V 15.6 14.6 20 V V V µF µH\µF A mA mA V mA A 1.818 V ±0.3 ±0.3 27 1.845 % % mV V 50 10 40 52 10000 mV mV A A V A mA µF 10 10 2.286 mV µs % % V 7.3 100 4 Baseplate temperature 50V transient for 1 s Typical ESR 0.1-0.2 Ω Internal values; see Figure E Vin min; trim up; in current limit See Figure 12 RMS Fast acting external fuse recommended Over sample, line, load, temperature & life 20 MHz bandwidth; see Note 1 Full load Full load Subject to thermal derating Output voltage 10% Low Negative current drawn from output Negative current drawn from output Vout nominal at full load (resistive load) 50% to 75% to 50% Iout max To within 1% Vout nom Across Pins 8&4; Figure C; see Note 2 Across Pins 8&4 Over full temp range % See Figure 1 for efficiency curve % See Figure 1 for efficiency curve capacitors. For applications requiring reduced output voltage ripple and www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005363 Rev. F 11/03/14 Page 3 MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Output: 1.8V Current: 40A Technical Specification MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Tb = 25 °C, Vin = 28 Vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -55 °C to +100 °C baseplate temperature with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice. Parameter Min. Typ. Max. DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Turn-On Transient Turn-On Time 9 Start-Up Inhibit Time 180 200 220 Output Voltage Overshoot 0 ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS Isolation Voltage (dielectric strength) Isolation Resistance 30 Isolation Capacitance (input to output) 1000 TEMPERATURE LIMITS FOR POWER DERATING CURVES Semiconductor Junction Temperature 125 Board Temperature 125 Transformer Temperature 125 Maximum Baseplate Temperature, Tb 100 FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS Switching Frequency 230 250 270 ON/OFF Control Off-State Voltage 2.4 18 On-State Voltage -2.0 0.8 ON/OFF Control Pull-Up Voltage 5 Pull-Up Resistance 50 Over-Temperature Shutdown OTP Trip Point 125 Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis 10 RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS Calculated MTBF per MIL-HDBK-217F 3.4 Calculated MTBF per MIL-HDBK-217F 0.58 Note 1: Higher values of isolation capacitance can be added external to the module. Units ms ms % Notes & Conditions Full load, Vout=90% nom. See Figure F Maximum Output Capacitance See Absolute Maximum Ratings MΩ pF See Note 1 °C °C °C °C Package rated to 150 °C UL rated max operating temp 130 °C kHz For both input and isolation stage V Application notes Figures A & B V kΩ °C °C 106 Hrs. 106 Hrs. Average PCB Temperature Ground Benign, 70°C Tb Ground Mobile, 70°C Tb STANDARDS COMPLIANCE Parameter Notes & Conditions STANDARDS COMPLIANCE UL 60950-1/R:2011-12 Basic Insulation CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 60950-1/A1:2011 EN60950-1/A12:2011 Note: An external input fuse must always be used to meet these safety requirements. Contact SynQor for official safety certificates on new releases or download from the SynQor website. Product # MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005363 Rev. F 11/03/14 Page 4 MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Output: 1.8V Current: 40A 90 90 85 85 80 80 Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%) Technical Charts 75 70 75 70 16 Vin 16 Vin 65 28 Vin 65 28 Vin 40 Vin 40 Vin 60 -55ºC 60 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Load Current (A) 35 40 18 18 16 16 14 14 12 10 8 6 4 16 Vin 28 Vin 2 10 15 20 25 30 Load Current (A) 35 40 Figure 3: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at TCASE =25°C. 8 6 16 Vin 4 28 Vin 40 Vin 25ºC 45 2.0 40 1.8 35 1.6 Output Voltage (V) 25 20 15 10 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 16 Vin 0.4 28Vin 5 0.2 40 Vin 0 0.0 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 0 Base Plate Temperature (°C) Figure 5: Maximum output current vs. base plate temperature (nominal input voltage). Product # MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Phone 1-888-567-9596 100ºC Case Temperature (ºC) Figure 4: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs. case temperature for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage. 30 Iout (A) 10 0 -55ºC 0 5 12 2 40 Vin 0 100ºC Figure 2: Efficiency at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs. case temperature for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage. Power Dissipation (W) Power Dissipation (W) Figure 1: Efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25°C. 25ºC Case Temperature (ºC) 10 20 30 Load Current (A) 40 50 60 Figure 6: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit curves. See Current Limit section in the Application Notes. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005363 Rev. F 11/03/14 Page 5 MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Output: 1.8V Current: 40A Technical Charts Figure 7: Typical startup waveform. Input voltage pre-applied, ON/OFF Pin on Ch 1. Figure 8: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output capacitance initiated by Vin. ON/OFF Pin previously low. Ch 1: Vout (20V/div). Ch 3: Vin (500V/div). Figure 9: Input terminal current ripple, iC, at full rated output current and nominal input voltage with SynQor MCOTS filter module (200 mA/div). Bandwidth: 20MHz. See Figure 17. Figure 10: Output voltage ripple, Vout, at nominal input voltage and rated load current (50 mV/div). Load capacitance: 1µF ceramic capacitor and 10µF tantalum capacitor. Bandwidth: 10 MHz. See Figure 17. Figure 11: Output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%75%-50% of Iout(max); dI/dt = 0.1 A/µs). Load cap: 1 µF ceramic and 15 µF tantalum capacitors. Ch 1: Vout (100mV/div), Ch 2: Iout (10A/div). Figure 12: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage (250V/ms). Load cap: 100 µF electrolytic output capacitance. Ch 1: Vout (200mV/div), Ch 2: Vin (20V/div). Product # MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005363 Rev. F 11/03/14 Page 6 MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Output: 1.8V Current: 40A Technical Charts 0 1 0.1 0.01 16 Vin 0.001 28 Vin Forward Transmission (dB) Output Impedance (ohms) -10 40 Vin 0.0001 10 100 1,000 10,000 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 16 Vin -80 28 Vin -90 -100 100,000 Hz 40 Vin 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 Hz Figure 13: Magnitude of incremental output impedance (Zout = vout/ iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. Figure 14: Magnitude of incremental forward transmission (FT = vout/ vin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. -5 100 Input Impedance (ohms) Reverse Transmission (dB) -10 -15 -20 -25 16 Vin -30 10 1 16 Vin 28 Vin 28 Vin 40 Vin 40 Vin -35 10 100 1,000 10,000 0.1 100,000 10 100 Figure 15: Magnitude of incremental reverse transmission (RT = iin/ iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. 10,000 100,000 Figure 16: Magnitude of incremental input impedance (Zin = vin/iin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. 1 µF ceramic capacitor 4.7 µH source impedance iC VSOURCE 1,000 Hz Hz 100 µF, 0.2Ω ESR electrolytic capacitor DC-DC Converter VOUT 10 µF, 100mΩ ESR tantalum capacitor Figure 17: Test set-up diagram showing measurement points for Input Terminal Ripple Current (Figure 9) and Output Voltage Ripple (Figure 10). Product # MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Phone 1-888-567-9596 Figure 18: Load current (20A/div) as a function of time (0.5ms/div and 50ms/ div) when the converter attempts to turn on into a 10 mΩ short circuit. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005363 Rev. F 11/03/14 Page 7 MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Output: 1.8V Current: 40A Application Section BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES CONTROL FEATURES This Mil-COTS converter series uses a two-stage power conversion topology. The first stage is a buck-converter that keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temperature. The second stage uses a transformer to provide the functions of input/output isolation and voltage step-up or step-down to achieve the output voltage required. REMOTE ON/OFF (Pin 2): The ON/OFF input, Pin 2, permits the user to control when the converter is on or off. This input is referenced to the return terminal of the input bus, Vin(-). The ON/OFF signal is active low (meaning that a low turns the converter on). Figure A details four possible circuits for driving the ON/OFF pin. Figure B is a detailed look of the internal ON/ OFF circuitry. Both the first stage and the second stage switch at a fixed frequency for predictable EMI performance. Rectification of the transformer's output is accomplished with synchronous rectifiers. These devices, which are MOSFETs with a very low on-state resistance, dissipate far less energy than Schottky diodes. This is the primary reason that the converter has such high efficiency, even at very low output voltages and very high output currents. These converter are offered totally encased to withstand harsh environments and thermally demanding applications. Dissipation throughout the converter is so low that it does not require a heatsink for operation in many applications; however, adding a heatsink provides improved thermal derating performance in extreme situations. This series of converters use the industry standard footprint and pin-out configuration. REMOTE SENSE(+) (Pins 7 and 5): The SENSE(+) inputs correct for voltage drops along the conductors that connect the converter's output pins to the load. Pin 7 should be connected to Vout(+) and Pin 5 should be connected to Vout(-) at the point on the board where regulation is desired. A remote connection at the load can adjust for a voltage drop only as large as that specified in this datasheet, that is [Vout(+) - Vout(-)] – [Vsense(+) - Vsense(-)] < Sense Range % x Vout Pins 7 and 5 must be connected for proper regulation of the output voltage. If these connections are not made, the converter will deliver an output voltage that is slightly higher than its specified value. Note: the output over-voltage protection circuit senses the voltage across the output (pins 8 and 4) to determine when it should trigger, not the voltage across the converter's sense leads (pins 7 and 5). Therefore, the resistive drop on the board should be small enough so that output OVP does not trigger, even during load transients. ON/OFF ON/OFF Vin(_) Vin(_) Remote Enable Circuit 5V Negative Logic (Permanently Enabled) 5V ON/OFF 50k ON/OFF TTL/ CMOS Vin(_) Open Collector Enable Circuit Vin(_) 100pF Vin(_) Direct Logic Drive Figure A: Various circuits for driving the ON/OFF pin. Product # MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT 50k TTL ON/OFF Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Figure B: Internal ON/OFF pin circuitry Doc.# 005-0005363 Rev. F 11/03/14 Page 8 MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Output: 1.8V Current: 40A Application Section OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM (Pin 6): The TRIM input permits the user to adjust the output voltage across the sense leads up or down according to the trim range specifications. It is not necessary for the user to add capacitance at the Trim pin. The node is internally bypassed to eliminate noise. To decrease the output voltage, the user should connect a resistor between Pin 6 and Pin 5 (SENSE(-) input). For a desired decrease of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor should be Total DC Variation of VOUT: For the converter to meet its full specifications, the maximum variation of the dc value of VOUT, due to both trimming and remote load voltage drops, should not be greater than that specified for the output voltage trim range. Rtrim-down = 511 (D% )- 10.22 (kW) where D% = Vnominal – Vdesired Vnominal PROTECTION FEATURES x 100% To increase the output voltage, the user should connect a resistor between Pin 6 and Pin 7 (SENSE(+) input). For a desired increase of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor should be Rtrim-up = where ( 5.11VOUT x (100+D%) 1.225D% _ 511 _ 10.22 D% ) (kW) Vout = Nominal Output Voltage Trim graphs show the relationship between the trim resistor value and Rtrim-up and Rtrim-down, showing the total range the output voltage can be trimmed up or down. Note: the TRIM feature does not affect the voltage at which the output over-voltage protection circuit is triggered. Trimming the output voltage too high may cause the over-voltage protection circuit to engage, particularly during transients. Trim Resistance (kΩ) 100,000 10,000 1,000 Input Under-Voltage Lockout: The converter is designed to turn off when the input voltage is too low, helping avoid an input system instability problem, described in more detail in the application note titled "Input System Instability" on our website. The lockout circuitry is a comparator with dc hysteresis. When the input voltage is rising, it must exceed the typical TurnOn Voltage Threshold value (listed on the specifications page) before the converter will turn on. Once the converter is on, the input voltage must fall below the typical Turn-Off Voltage Threshold value before the converter will turn off. Output Over-Voltage Limit: If the voltage across the output pins exceeds the Output Over-Voltage Protection threshold, the converter will immediately stop switching. This prevents damage to the load circuit due to 1) excessive series resistance in output current path from converter output pins to sense point, 2) a release of a short-circuit condition, or 3) a release of a current limit condition. Load capacitance determines exactly how high the output voltage will rise in response to these conditions. After 200 ms the converter will automatically restart. Over-Temperature Shutdown: A temperature sensor on the converter senses the average temperature of the module. The thermal shutdown circuit is designed to turn the converter off when the temperature at the sensed location reaches the Over-Temperature Shutdown value. It will allow the converter to turn on again when the temperature of the sensed location falls by the amount of the Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis value. Output Current Limit: The maximum current limit remains constant as the output voltage drops. However, once the impedance of the load across the output is small enough to make the output voltage drop below the specified Output DC Current-Limit Shutdown Voltage, the converter turns off. 100 10 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 % Increase in Vout % Decrease in Vout Figure C: Trim graph for trim-up, trim down. Product # MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Phone 1-888-567-9596 The converter then enters a "hiccup" mode where it repeatedly turns on and off at a 5 Hz (nominal) frequency with 5% duty cycle until the short circuit condition is removed. This prevents excessive heating of the converter or the load board. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005363 Rev. F 11/03/14 Page 9 MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Output: 1.8V Current: 40A Application Section APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS Input System Instability: This condition can occur because any dc-dc converter appears incrementally as a negative resistance load. A detailed application note titled "Input System Instability" is available on the SynQor website which provides an understanding of why this instability arises, and shows the preferred solution for correcting it. Application Circuits: Figure D provides a typical circuit diagram which details the input filtering and voltage trimming. Vout(+) Vin(+) Vin External Input Filter Electrolytic Capacitor Vsense(+) ON/OFF Trim Vsense(_) Vin(_) Rtrim-up or Cload Rtrim-down Iload Vout(_) Figure D: Typical application circuit (negative logic unit, permanently enabled). Input Filtering and External Capacitance: Figure E provides a diagram showing the internal input filter components. This filter dramatically reduces input terminal ripple current, which otherwise could exceed the rating of the converter's external electrolytic input capacitor. The recommended external input capacitance is specified in the Input Characteristics section on the Electrical Characteristics page. More detailed information is available in the application note titled "EMI Characteristics" on the SynQor website. L Vin(+) Vout(+) Internal Input Filter C Converter Vin(_) Vout(-) Figure E: Internal Input Filter Diagram Product # MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005363 Rev. F 11/03/14 Page 10 MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Output: 1.8V Current: 40A Application Section Startup Inhibit Period: The Startup Inhibit Period ensures that the converter will remain off for approximately 200 ms when it is shut down for any reason. When an output short is present, this generates a 5 Hz "hiccup" mode, which prevents the converter from overheating. In all, there are seven ways that the converter can be shut down, initiating a Startup Inhibit Period: • • • • • • • Input Under-Voltage Lockout Input Over-Voltage Lockout Output Over-Voltage Protection Over Temperature Shutdown Current Limit Short Circuit Protection Turned off by the ON/OFF input When the ON/OFF pin goes high after t2, the Startup Inhibit Period has elapsed, and the output turns on within the typical Turn-On Time. Thermal Considerations: The maximum operating baseplate temperature, TB, is 100 ºC. Refer to the thermal derating curve, Figure 5, to see the available output current at baseplate temperatures below 100 ºC. A power derating curve can be calculated for any heatsink that is attached to the base-plate of the converter. It is only necessary to determine the thermal resistance, RTH , of the chosen heatsink between the base-plate and the ambient air for a given airflow rate. This information is usually available from the heatsink vendor. The following formula can then be used to determine the maximum power the converter can dissipate for a given thermal condition: BA Figure F shows three turn-on scenarios, where a Startup Inhibit Period is initiated at t0, t1, and t2: Before time t0, when the input voltage is below the UVL threshold, the unit is disabled by the Input Under-Voltage Lockout feature. When the input voltage rises above the UVL threshold, the Input Under-Voltage lockout is released, and a Startup Inhibit Period is initiated. At the end of this delay, the ON/OFF pin is evaluated, and since it is active, the unit turns on. max Pdiss = T -T B RTH A BA This value of power dissipation can then be used in conjunction with the data shown in Figure 3 to determine the maximum load current (and power) that the converter can deliver in the given thermal condition. At time t1, the unit is disabled by the ON/OFF pin, and it cannot be enabled again until the Startup Inhibit Period has elapsed. Vin Under-Voltage Lockout TurnOn Threshold ON/OFF (neg logic) ON OFF ON Vout OFF ON 9ms (turn on time) 200ms 215ms (initial start-up inhibit period) (typical start-up inhibit period) t1 t0 200ms t t2 Figure F: Startup Inhibit Period (turn-on time not to scale) Product # MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005363 Rev. F 11/03/14 Page 11 MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Output: 1.8V Current: 40A Standard Mechanical Drawing Mechanical Drawing – Normal Thermal Design Option 1.536 [39.01] 1.030 [26.16] 0.450 [11.43] SEATING PLANE HEIGHT 0.500 0.025 [12.7 0.63] PIN EXTENSION 0.180 [4.57] 0.150 [3.81] 4 5 6 7 8 TOP VIEW 1.860 2.386 [47.24] [60.60] 2.000 [50.80] 0.004 [0.10] 0.08 [2.0] 3 1 0.215 [5.46 0.020 0.50] 1 0.300 [7.62] 0.600 [15.24] THREADED INSERT SEE NOTE 1 (4 PLCS) NOTES PIN DESIGNATIONS M3 screws used to bolt unit's baseplate to other surfaces (such as a heatsink) must not exceed 0.100" (2.54 mm) depth below the surface of the baseplate. 2) Applied torque per screw should not exceed 6in-lb (0.7 Nm). 3) Baseplate flatness tolerance is 0.004" (.10mm) TIR for surface. 4) Pins 1-3, 5-7 are 0.040" (1.02mm) diameter, with 0.080" (2.03mm) diameter standoff shoulders. 5) Pins 4 and 8 are 0.062" (1.57 mm) diameter with 0.100" (2.54 mm) diameter standoff shoulders. 6) All Pins: Material – Copper Alloy; Finish – Matte Tin over Nickel plate 7) Undimensioned components are shown for visual reference only. 8) Weight: 3.2 oz. (91 g) typical 9) All dimensions in inches (mm) Tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) 10) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A610 Class II Recommended pin length is 0.03" (0.76mm) greater than the PCB thickness. 1) Product # MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT 2 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Pin 1 2 Name Vin(+) ON/OFF 3 4 5 6 7 8 IN RTN OUT RTN SENSE(–) TRIM SENSE(+) Vout(+) Function Positive input voltage TTL input to turn converter on and off, referenced to Vin(–), with internal pull up. Input return Output return Negative remote sense1 Output voltage trim2 Positive remote sense3 Positive output voltage Notes: 1) SENSE(–) should be connected to Vout(–) either remotely or at the converter. 2) Leave TRIM pin open for nominal output voltage. 3) SENSE(+) should be connected to Vout(+) either remotely or at the converter. Doc.# 005-0005363 Rev. F 11/03/14 Page 12 MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Output: 1.8V Current: 40A Flanged Mechanical Drawing Mechanical Drawing – Flanged Thermal Design Option 2.200 [55.88] 2.000 [50.80] 1.536 [39.01] 0.450 [11.4] PIN EXTENSION 0.180 [4.6] SEATING PLANE HEIGHT .500±.025 [12.7±0.63] 0.150 [3.8] 4 5 6 7 8 0.010 [0.25] TOP VIEW 2.386 [60.60] 1.300 [33.02] 0.36 [9.1] 2.000 [50.8] 2.066 [52.48] 3 2 1 1 0.70 [17.8] .130 [3.30] SEE NOTE 1 (6 PLCS) NOTES 0.600 [15.2] PIN DESIGNATIONS - CONVERTER Applied torque per screw should not exceed 5in-lb . (3in-lb recommended) 2) Baseplate flatness tolerance is 0.010" (.25mm) TIR for surface. 3) Pins 1-3, 5-7 are 0.040" (1.02mm) diameter, with 0.080" (2.03mm) diameter standoff shoulders. 4) Pins 4 and 8 are 0.062" (1.57mm) diameter with 0.100" (2.54mm) diameter standoff shoulders. 5) Other pin extension lengths available. 6) All Pins: Material - Copper Alloy; Finish - Matte Tin over Nickel plate 7) Weight: 3.5 oz. (98 g) typical 8) Undimensioned components are shown for visual reference only. 9) All dimensions in inches (mm) Tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) 10) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A610 Class II 1) Product # MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT 0.300 [7.6] FLANGE THICKNESS 0.125 [3.2] Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Pin 1 2 Name Vin(+) ON/OFF 3 4 5 6 7 8 IN RTN OUT RTN SENSE(–) TRIM SENSE(+) Vout(+) Function Positive input voltage TTL input to turn converter on and off, referenced to Vin(–), with internal pull up. Input return Output return Negative remote sense1 Output voltage trim2 Positive remote sense3 Positive output voltage Notes: 1) SENSE(–) should be connected to Vout(–) either remotely or at the converter. 2) Leave TRIM pin open for nominal output voltage. 3) SENSE(+) should be connected to Vout(+) either remotely or at the converter. Doc.# 005-0005363 Rev. F 11/03/14 Page 13 MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Output: 1.8V Current: 40A Qualifications & Screening Mil-COTS Qualification Test Name # Tested Consistent with MIL(# Failed) STD-883F Method Details Life Testing Shock-Vibration Visual, mechanical and electrical testing before, during and after 1000 hour burn-in @ full load Visual, mechanical and electrical testing before, during and after shock and vibration tests Humidity +85˚C, 95% RH, 1000 hours, 2 minutes on / 6 hours off Temperature Cycling 500 cycles of -55˚C to +100˚C (30 minute dwell at each temperature) Solderability 15 pins DMT -65˚C to +110˚C across full line and load specifications in 5˚C steps Altitude 70,000 feet (21 km), see Note 15 (0) 5 (0) 8 (0) 10 (0) 15 (0) 7 (0) 2 (0) Consistent with MIL-STD883F Method 5005 Method 1005.8 MIL-STD-202, Methods 201A & 213B Method 1004.7 Method 1010.8 Condition A Method 2003 Note: A conductive cooling design is generally needed for high altitude applications because of naturally poor convective cooling at rare atmospheres. Mil-COTS DC-DC Converter and Filter Screening Screening Process Description S-Grade M-Grade Baseplate Operating Temperature -55˚C to +100˚C -55˚C to +100˚C Storage Temperature -65˚C to +135˚C -65˚C to +135˚C ● ● Pre-Cap Inspection IPC-610, Class III Temperature Cycling Method 1010, Condition B, 10 Cycles Burn-In 100˚C Baseplate 12 Hours 96 Hours 100% 25˚C -55˚C, +25˚C, +100˚C MIL-STD-2008 ● ● Final Electrical Test Final Visual Inspection ● Mil-COTS MIL-STD-810G Qualification Testing MIL-STD-810G Test Fungus Altitude Method 508.6 Description Table 508.6-I 500.5 - Procedure I Storage: 70,000ft. / 2 Hr. duration 500.5 - Procedure II Operating; 70,000ft. / 2 Hr. duration; Ambient Temperature Rapid Decompression 500.5 - Procedure III Storage: 8,000ft. to 40,000ft. Acceleration 513.6 - Procedure II Operating - 15g's Salt Fog 509.5 Storage 501.5 - Procedure I Storage: 135°C / 3 hrs 501.5 - Procedure II Operating: 100°C / 3 hrs 502.5 - Procedure I Storage: -65C / 4 hrs 502.5 - Procedure II Operating: -55C / 3 hrs Temperature Shock 503.5 - Procedure I - C Storage: -65C to 135C; 12 cycles Rain 506.5 - Procedure I Wind Blown Rain Immersion 512.5 - Procedure I Non-Operating Humidity 507.5 - Procedure II Aggravated cycle @ 95% RH (Figure 507.5-7 aggravated temp - humidity cycle, 15 cycles) Random Vibration 514.6 - Procedure I 10-2000 Hz, PSD level of 1.5 g2/Hz(54.6grms), duration = 1 hr/axis 516.6 - Procedure I 20g's peak, 11ms, Functional Shock (Operating no load) (saw tooth) 516.6 - Procedure VI 514.6 - Category 14 510.5 - Procedure I Bench Handling Shock Rotary wing aircraft - helicopter, 4hrs/axis, 20g's (sine sweep from 10 - 500HZ) Blowing Dust 510.5 - Procedure II Blowing Sand High Temperature Low Temperature Shock Sinusoidal vibration Sand and Dust Product # MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005363 Rev. F 11/03/14 Page 14 MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT Output: 1.8V Current: 40A Ordering Information Ordering Information/ Part Numbering Example MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT-N-S Not all combinations make valid part numbers, please contact SynQor for availability. Family MCOTS Product Input Voltage Output Voltage 28: 16-40V 28V: 9-40V 28VE: 9-70V 48: 34-75V 270: 155-425V 1R8: 3R3: 05: 07: 12: 15: 24: 28: 48: C: Converter 1.8V 3.3V 5.0V 7.0V 12V 15V 24V 28V 48V Package Screening Level Thermal Design QT: Quarter Brick N: Normal Threaded S: S-Grade M: M-Grade F: Flanged Options [ ]: Standard Feature APPLICATION NOTES PATENTS A variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in PDF format from our website. SynQor holds the following U.S. patents, one or more of which apply to each product listed in this document. Additional patent applications may be pending or filed in the future. Contact SynQor for further information and to order: Phone: Toll Free: Fax: E-mail: Web: Address: Product # MCOTS-C-28-1R8-QT 978-849-0600 888-567-9596 978-849-0602 [email protected] www.synqor.com 155 Swanson Road Boxborough, MA 01719 USA Phone 1-888-567-9596 5,999,417 6,222,742 6,545,890 6,577,109 6,594,159 6,731,520 6,894,468 6,896,526 6,927,987 7,050,309 7,072,190 7,085,146 7,119,524 7,269,034 7,272,021 7,272,023 7,558,083 7,564,702 7,765,687 7,787,261 8,023,290 8,149,597 8,493,751 8,644,027 Warranty SynQor offers a two (2) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our website or is available upon request from SynQor. Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SynQor. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005363 Rev. F 11/03/14 Page 15


text:
Select your newsletters:
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Keep in touch with ITER through our main news feed, sent weekly.
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Please enter your email address:
In order to produce and sustain plasmas ten times hotter than the core of the Sun, some essential elements of the ITER machine need to be cooled to temperatures [...]
Read more
A recent symposium in Japan on fusion energy attracted 500 participants. The Fusion Energy Forum of Japan was established in 2002 for the purpose of promoting [...]
Ever since a 'Mr Fusion' device appeared on Doc's time-travelling DeLorean in the first opus of the Back to the Future trilogy (1985), fusion energy has exerted [...]
Medieval stone masons used to engrave their personal mark on the walls and pillars of the cathedrals they contributed to building. Their present-day counterpart [...]
A high-precision diagnostic is about to enter into service at the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility, where scientists are testing key aspects of ITER's external h [...]
Isabella Milch, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Top Control Engineering articles, November 2012
Most-read Control Engineering online articles for November 2012 at www.controleng.com included these topics: Leaders Under 40, Control Engineering Engineers' Choice Award voting (open through December), mobile apps, feedback controllers, machine commissioning, System Integrator Giants, fieldbus project help, level control, project management, lean manufacturing, and control programming, among others. More about each article and links follow.
Control Engineering Leaders Under 40 is a recognition program designed to identify and give recognition to young engineers who have made significant contributions toward the control engineering profession. The goal is to get more young people interested in engineering. For this recognition, we seek successful and well-rounded control-engineering-minded individuals 18 or older and under 40 years of age.
2013 Engineers' Choice Awards – Finalists
Vote now! Control Engineering Engineers' Choice Awards highlight some of the best new control, instrumentation and automation products as chosen by Control Engineering's print and online subscribers. Subscribers to the North American print and digital editions are asked to select the best products based on technological advancement, service to the industry, and market impact.
Product Exclusive: CFE Media's Apps for Engineers software is an "app of apps," providing an interactive directory of approximately 60 mobile engineering-related software applications useful for Control Engineering, Plant Engineering, and Consulting-Specifying Engineer areas of coverage.
Feedback controllers do their best
But meeting a specific performance measure is harder than it looks.
Machine commissioning: A programmer's checklist
Inside Machines tips and tricks: Control engineers need to practice these programming tips to ensure project timeline pressure doesn't harm the machine project.
System Integrator Giants of 2012
These 100 firms represent the largest system integrators of 2012, from among 2,334 in the Control Engineering Automation Integrator Guide.
Making fieldbus projects as painless as possible – Designing and implementing a successful—and painless—fieldbus project requires mapping out network requirements as well as understanding the plant's information, diagnostic, and maintenance needs.
Optimizing strategy for boiler drum level control
Avoid trips and maximize steam output by reviewing your control equipment, strategy, and tuning.
Scoping automation and control projects
A decision to leverage the relatively small cost of a quality scope and solid conceptual design can create significant long term savings and achieve an optimum solution.
Successful lean manufacturing implementation: 5 fundamental jigsaw pieces
Implementing lean manufacturing requires participants to review job environment and satisfaction, motivate participation, demand leadership responsibility, develop new behavior patterns, and insist on lean methods and tools.
UML use cases, sequence diagrams: easily converted into executable code
Engineering and IT Insight: UML (Unified Modeling Language) is the language of software engineering, and State Models in UML are used to define internal logic. When state diagrams, use case diagrams, and sequence diagrams are combined with UML class diagrams they define a system, can be easily understood by non-programmers, and can be rapidly converted into executable code.
Automated container handling in port terminals
Automation Integrator Guide: Motion control and automation integration challenges reside where containers are stacked. Multiple automation container terminals operate and more are in development, presenting a grand-scale motion control opportunity.
Additional highly read articles online during November follow, below.
How to select a VFD – These guidelines dispel the confusion about matching variable frequency drives (VFD) and motors to fans and pumps that are typically encountered in commercial building applications. While the motivation to increase energy efficiency could be financial (reduced energy costs) or ethical (reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with power production), it is taken for granted that VFDs are an easy way to improve energy efficiency in a motor application. And with these noble intentions in mind, the engineer will specify a VFD for his client. Oftentimes, that isn't the end of the story for the engineer.
Effective bonding, grounding: The backbone of electrical safety – Providing and maintaining an effective impedance path to ground is critical to maintain reliable, efficient, and safe operating facilities.
Disturbance-Rejection vs. Setpoint-Tracking Controllers – Designing a feedback control loop starts with understanding its objective as well as the process's behavior.
When worlds collide – Does a meeting of the IT group and the controls group always have to result in a collision? Can we avoid the broken glass?
Pages: Most popular Control Engineering pages follow
Register Form – Login, edit registration, subscribe, or resubscribe to Control Engineering
Control Engineering Digital Edition
Online Training Center for Engineers – Control Engineering
Magazine Archives for Control Engineering
Also see
Integrator Guide – Search the online Automation Integrator Guide. Selecting multiple criteria will narrow your search results. Integrators wishing to apply for their own listing can do so.
– Compiled by Mark T. Hoske, CFE Media, Control Engineering, www.controleng.com.


text: mental invalid 8 Posted March 21, 2003 Free Will Astrology horoscopes for week of March 20, 2003 Aries (March 21-April 19) When you're at your best, Aries, you see the cracks in the facades as opportunities; you get giddy as you careen over bumps in the road; you love the enticing magic that flows from situations that other people regard as rough or crooked. Since you will soon be at your best again, I expect you'll be encountering a surge of juicy serendipity. Here's a quote to incite you, courtesy of Aries poet Charles Baudelaire. "That which is not slightly distorted lacks sensible appeal: from which it follows that irregularity -- that is to say, the unexpected, surprise and astonishment, are an essential part and characteristic of beauty." Taurus (April 20-May 20) One of your reliable tools isn't broken yet, but I advise you to fix it before it is. A power failure will occur soon unless you take steps to prevent a system overload. The monster in your closet is still safely asleep, which is why I urge you to call in an exorcist or exterminator now, before it wakes up. Are you catching my drift, Taurus? Because you've been smart and lucky enough to tune in to this horoscope, you have all the forewarning you need to prevent a crisis. Gemini (May 21-June 20) You know how a song can get stuck in your head and won't leave you alone? The astrological omens say you'll be unusually susceptible to this phenomenon in the coming week. I suggest, therefore, that you immediately begin working to ensure that you'll be invaded by only the most inspiring and motivating songs. As soon as you're finished reading this horoscope, make a list of your top five, then hum them for a while. Want some suggestions? How about "Cleanin' Out My Closet," by Eminem or "I See God in You," by India.Arie? Or maybe "The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill," which ends with the lines "Deep in my heart the answer was in me/ And I made up my mind to find my own destiny." Cancer (June 21-July 22) Just before my friend Juliana received the phone call informing her she'd gotten the dream job she'd applied for, she'd been devoutly depressed, reading tabloids and eating doughnuts in her pajamas at 2 p.m. When my friend Jessie got the call informing him he'd been chosen as a back-up singer for the world tour of a group he'd idolized for years, he was recovering from a nasty hangover while playing video games with his 10-year-old nephew, whose family was letting him freeload during his fifth month of unemployment. I'm not saying the lightning bolt that will illuminate your world will be as dramatic as these two examples, Cancerian; but a lightning bolt is a lightning bolt. Leo (July 23-August 22) In his book Animals and Psychedelics, ethnobotanist Giorgio Samorini proves that many animals deliberately alter their consciousness. His evidence includes robins that get drunk on holly berries and act "like winged clowns," as well as goats that are dependent on caffeine and reindeer that seek out hallucinogenic mushrooms. Samorini concludes that the desire to get high is a natural drive. He suggests that intoxication has served as an evolutionary force for some species, breaking down outworn habits in such a way as to improve long-term survival. All this is prelude to my advice for you, Leo: You now have a cosmic mandate to shed your shticks and expand your awareness. Since you're not just an animal, but also an ingenious human, you don't have to resort to drugs and alcohol to do it. But you should do it. Virgo (August 23-September 22) Many otherwise intelligent people cling to a perverse model of intimacy articulated by Norman Mailer. As reported in Leah Garchik's column in the San Francisco Chronicle, Mailer described marriage as "an excretory relationship, in which you take all the crap you hide from the world and dump it on the person closest to you. But the proviso is that you have to be willing to take theirs." If your approach to intimate communion has even a shred of this vulgar stupidity, Virgo, you're now in prime time to banish it from your repertoire forever. You'll attract uncanny luck and inspiration whenever you work in a way opposite to Mailer's; that is to say, when you train yourself to call up all the beauty you hide from the world and offer it up to the person closest to you. Libra (September 23-October 22) Your word of power in the coming weeks will be stretch. Intone it as a mantra 55 times a day and write it in red ink on an index card that you keep in a prominent place in your environment. In addition, Libra, I urge you to regularly embody these three meanings of stretch: 1. to make longer, wider, or bigger without breaking or tearing; 2. to straighten and extend your body to its full span so as to increase circulation and forestall cramps; 3. to carry out a demanding task that requires you to enlarge your capacities or go beyond what you thought was possible for you to do. Scorpio (October 23-November 21) You've been very resourceful in your efforts to push love to a new frontier, Scorpio. You've been an artist in the way you've reinvented passion and you've been a pioneer as you've dared to explore collaborations that require you to leave your comfort zone. Congratulations! Now I want to give you a tip that'll help ensure you don't undo all your good work. During the next three weeks, meditate often on these words, originally penned by poet Percy Bysshe Shelley: "Love withers under constraint: its very essence is liberty: it is compatible neither with obedience, jealousy, nor fear: it is there most pure, perfect, and unlimited, where its votaries live in confidence, equality, and unreserve." Sagittarius (November 22-December 21) I found a love note in the trashcan at the post office. It was addressed to "My Succulent, Surging, Sagacious Sagittarius" from "Your Perfectly Imperfect Instigator." "Let's be radically curious explorers together," Instigator told Sagittarius. "Let's bushwhack through the wilds in search of the rawest truths that the laws of nature will allow us to dive into." I was shocked to find this thing discarded. What Archer in his or her right mind would throw away such a provocative invitation? Please don't do anything resembling this mistake in the coming weeks, even if your potential collaborator is "perfectly imperfect." Capricorn (December 22-January 19) I'm not writing this horoscope, Capricorn. You are. I'm channeling it from the depths of your innermost mind. Why? Your conscious ego has been so caught up in the daily whirl that it has been steadfastly ignoring an important message from your still, small voice, which is why your still, small voice has drafted me to be its envoy. Here's what it wants you to know: You desperately need to tune in to the still, small voice. The communiqué it has to convey to you is simple and brief, yet richer than 30 hours' worth of advice from 30 experts. It will help you save an enormous amount of time and pull off a constructive cosmic joke. Aquarius (January 20- February 18) It's one of those blessed times when you'll heighten your attractiveness by thinking more deeply; when pursuing higher education will help you create conditions in which you can better satisfy your desires; when you can make yourself sexier by becoming smarter, and vice versa. In the spirit of this happy confluence of id and intellect, I offer you a few librarian pick-up lines, gleaned from www.lisnews.com. 1. "I'd luuuuuv to check you out." 2. "I couldn't help noticing what a great book bag you have." 3. "Are you a librarian, because when you walked in the room I knew I was overdue." Pisces (February 19-March 20) Back in 1985, when my roommate Arlena asked her new acquaintance, Joey the escaped convict, to stay at our house for a few weeks, I overcame my propensity to be an overly patient, absurdly accommodating doormat. "There is no way in hell that Joey will ever spend even a night here," I told Arlena firmly, and despite her protests, I prevailed. I have an intuition that you will receive a comparable opportunity to exercise a strong and lucid new version of your willpower in the coming week, Pisces. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


text:
John Bowman from Montessori at Home and I have a fabulous gift for you! Thanks to the contributions of a number of amazing mom bloggers and Montessori teachers (our "moms to many"), we're offering Mom Bloggers Talk Montessori: Favorite Ideas and Activities free to our mailing list subscribers!
This isn't your typical freebie … it's 63 pages packed with Montessori-inspired suggestions and activities you can use at home or school. The activities are wonderful; there are lots of photos and links to resources; and the suggestions for parents wanting to use Montessori at home are practical, inspirational, and reassuring.
Our Contributors:
Thanks so much to our wonderful contributors (in the order of their appearance in the book):
- Martianne from Training Happy Hearts
- Jen from Chestnut Grove Academy
- Jessie from The Education of Ours
- Coedith from School In A Pink House
- Stephanie from Discovery Days and Montessori Moments
- Rachael from Little Red Farm
- Amanda from Nursery Rhymes and Fun Times
- Jen from Peaceful Parenting
- Ashley from Pirate Ships and Sealing Wax
- Nataša from Leptir
- Carolyn from Inspired Montessori and Arts
- Ms. Shelley from At Home Montessori News
- Heidi from Work and Play, Day by Day
- Lisa from Our Country Road
- Shelly from Awake Parent Perspectives
- Share from Playful Post
- Anupama from Kingdom of the Pink Princesses
- Allison from Barefoot in Suburbia
- Jessica from Our Montessori Home
- Family & Co
There are also contributions from John and me!
How to Receive Your Free eBook:
To receive a copy of this amazing eBook, just sign up for my mailing list (in my right-hand sidebar). When you sign up for my newsletter, you'll also receive a 177-page Montessori geography album created by Karen Tyler from World Wide Montessori Online.
You'll receive my weekly newsletter each Sunday with a note from me about what's happening along with links to my posts from the past week. If you sign up for my newsletter, there'll be a link to the free Mom Bloggers book in your email as soon as you confirm your subscription (through a confirmation link sent to your email).
If you're already a subscriber, be sure to check my newsletter. I'll be adding the link to the free eBook the next two Sundays. (Note: If you're a contributor, you should have received a copy in your email this morning. If you didn't, please let me know.)
Don't forget to sign up for John's monthly Montessori at Home newsletter as well! John always has great information about using Montessori at Home, and you don't want to miss out on his current posts, offers, and activity ideas!
Montessori at Home eBook and Materials Bundle
And if you haven't purchased John's amazing eBook, Montessori at Home: The Complete Guide to Doing Montessori Early Learning Activities at Home, don't wait! It's only $8.95 for 296 pages filled with Montessori philosophy and activities to use at home! Here's a post with my Montessori at Home book review along with links to excerpts and sample pages.
To go along with the eBook, Montessori Print Shop even has $60.49 worth of Montessori materials for $19.95 to everyone who purchases the Montessori at Home! Materials Bundle!
Have fun using Montessori at home! Of course, John's eBook, the Montessori Print Shop materials, and our free Mom Bloggers Talk Montessori: Favorite Ideas and Activities are great for teachers, too! 🙂


text:
Opimd redesign
From Openmoko
STATUS UPDATE: Got mickey and dos1's agreement (they are the "leaders" of opimd). Will start (actually will help dos1) working on it asap. If you want to add anything, please add now.
This page will gather all the suggestions (and will be a decent design sketch) for the redesign of opimd. After many discussions in IRC we decided opimd needs a redesign.
Main topics that came up are: switching opimd to use sqlite for internal operations and adding configuration for types instead of the use of URIs. Many of the ideas that came up concerning the second idea are represented in this IRC log: http://pastebin.com/mb7fbf10 and in the logs from #openmoko-cdevel@Freenode on 09-10 of october 2009.
Furthermore, it has been suggested than a change in the sqlite backend db design is also needed.
Info about those changes will be shown here as soon as we'll have time to write it down.
Changes in fields
ATM opimd just lets you add fields as you wish, this is bad, since you can't really categorize fields and have to use weird hacks like the "tel:" prefix.
I'm suggesting a move to a configuration you'll have the following dbus methods:
- ListFields
- AddFiled
- DelField
- GetField
each field will have a type (phone number would be a type for instance) that will guide opimd on how to compare items of this type, again, in the case of phone numbers, use normalization.
The user of the API will be able to add fields and their types whenever he wants (and also remove such) and that will let us control opimd in a sane manner.
I think we also need a couple of default fields of special types:
- Phone - returns the default phone (of all the cells with type phone)
- Name - returns "First Last, nick" or something like that.
- SIP - returns default contact info for sip
- SMS - returns default phone number for SMS etc etc.
This will make everything easier for the users of the API to handle and will be sane!
Explanation of exactly what I meant (TAsn)
org.freesmartphone.PIM.Type.Add(name, type) <--- Adds the name and type
org.freesmartphone.PIM.Type.List() <---- returns the list of available fields, format name:type.
org.freesmartphone.PIM.Type.Delete(name) <-- return nothing
org.freesmartphone.PIM.Type.Get(name) <--- returns type
org.freesmartphone.PIM.Types.List() <---- returns the list of available fields, format name:type.
Where Types.List() returns the same thing for all the domains.
Next section may be outdated:
I want anyone to be able to add future types (to search by) with no special opimd handling, i.e I want to be able to add IRC although you don't know how to handle it, name of the type will be irc, type of the type will be text(limited to X chars, he should state that when making the type, or maybe unlimited if he wants) or he can also set the type to "numeric", "int" etc etc.
This way he'll bind a type, called "IRC" that can contain text values only, this means that if he'll want to add a field called "Main-nick" he'll be able to set the type to "irc" (the one that we set earlier) that'll let him search in all the irc nicks easily and will also let opimd know what to expect in this type. (string limited to 300 chars for instance).
Continuing with the IRC example I'll be able to add to the conact tom the following fields:
Main-nick : "TAsn"
Alt-nick : "TAsnn"
Though I won't be able to do that before I add the type (like this:
org.freesmartphone.PIM.Fields.Add("Alt-nick", "IRC")
And I won't be able to do that before I do:
org.freesmartphone.PIM.Types.Add("IRC", "text") (phonenumber/text/date/etc will be predefined by opimd, maybe even add a method to expose what's available there, but that can not be changed by API the "text" and etc types are set by opimd and opimd only this should probably also include the calculated type type, i.e, create a type that calculates concat(Name, SurName) or something like that, like explained in this document.)
This lets the APPS to easily set types for fields and for opimd to easily know where to search (When looking for IRC), what to expect when searching (a text field, not a number that's needed to be normalized, etc).
So, in our example in order to know who of the contacts posses the nick "TAsn" we'll just need to search all of the fields with the type IRC (user of the API will know to ask it). That's about it, I think.
I hope it's clean enough, let me know.
Changes in query method
NOTE: keep the old way, but also implement this:
I don't get why we use this querying method, it just makes everything weird hard to handle.
Furthermore, it'll be easier and faster to get only "phone number" fields for matching (in opimd), the user of the API will just be able to tell it "find me a phone_number field that matches this number" and will not force us to check each field like we do atm.
Internal design
opimd should internally use sqlite for caching as it's faster, easier to handle and generally better.
Query improvements
It should really be possible to ask opimd for several contacts at once, i.e ask him for the contacts "Tom, dick and harry" or for the numbers "123, 435 and 546546" at one query, because querying opimd for 70 different contacts at one time (phonelog) is terribly slow.
Furthermore it should be able to ask for a "join" of backends when requesting from one. i.e, I want to be able to ask opimd for the messages and the corresponding contacts for each message in one query, or even ask opimd for all the messages that match all the numbers from the contact "Charley".
Query reply should be possible to sort differently depending on the national character encoding.


text:
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text:
Lifting one theme from the previous post that many seem to be missing:
How many of you attend or know of churches whose constitutions/bylaws expressly state that running away does not cancel the discipline process?
How many of you attend or know of churches whose constitutions/bylaws expressly state that running away does not cancel the discipline process?
1. I did not ask how many of you do not attend or know of such churches
2. I did not ask how many of you think it is a bad idea
3. I did not invite people who rebel against the sort of accountability the Bible lays out to vent your spleens
I think the question is pretty clear. Please answer it, or move along.
I do, or at least I am in the process of moving to Florida to pastor a church that took a similar stand to Grace Church in Jacksonville. This is one of the reasons that I agreed to go and pastor there. I knew they took the Bible seriously.
I have never attended one or know of one in my area of living, in good ole Arkansas....I wish I did.
Our church expressly states that. Thankfully to this point, we've never had to go that far in the process, although we did once have to go public before repentance came.
Yes, I would think that ideally the purpose of such a clause is similar to the purpose of a nation possessing tons of nuclear weapons: you have them so that you don't have to use them.
My particular church might well have that in its bylaws, but I can't remember for certain. However, I believe church discipline is discussed in membership classes.
As a side note, this illustrates a problem that I've been wrestling with for quite a while. The church is not to be governed by man-made laws, at least in terms of how the church functions. Scripture is our final authority. I often wonder if churches have made too many accommodations to the state in being registered, having to have bylaws on file etc. Just the fact that "bylaws" are on file with the state and are legal documents invites litigation from anyone who wants to have a dispute.
If anyone who is part of a church thinks they can sue over anything that rankles them, well..you can foresee the end result.
The paperwork of the church I shepherd explicitly states: "No request [for dismissal by the individual] shall be considered if the person is under any step of church discipline including Matthew 18:16 and beyond."
Didn't use to be that way, though.
Thankfully, our church is such a church.
cslewis3147 - check out BCLR if you're in the Little Rock area.
I attend a PCA church, and I think this is the pertinent portion of the Book of Church Order.
32-20. Process, in case of scandal, shall commence within the space of one year after the offense was committed, unless it has recently become flagrant. When, however, a church member shall commit an offense, after removing to a place far distant from his former residence, and where his connection with the church is unknown, in consequence of which process cannot be instituted within the time above specified, the recent discovery of the church membership of the individual shall be considered as equivalent to the offense itself having recently become flagrant. The same principle, in like circumstances, shall also apply to ministers.
The way ours is worded running away would be a cause for church discipline anyhow.
Our church certainly does. It's emphasized strongly in the constitution/bylaws.
Nat Stri
I attend at church that practices discipline, but it is done biblically and with grace with the purpose always to restore, reconcile and seek repentance. It does not contact the media, make personal letters public, like this situation has fostered. And, if a person ultimately leaves the church while being confronted, they are prayed for, pleaded with to repent, but they are not hunted down and publicly shamed. This current situation seems to have broken down on several levels. A poor testimony to all in the public who are reading about this.
I do have a question for you: where in the Scriptures does it expressly state that if someone leaves a local church that they should be pursued and discipline still carried out against them?
As a follow up: if there is no clear biblical teaching concerning this, how can any church be dogmatic about it? Church constitutions do not trump Scripture nor replace Scripture.
Also, when was the last time anyone in your church was disciplined for gossip and false accusations?
Peter, the church did not make it public. The woman who was being disciplined brought it to the media.
Our church clearly states that in the membership application and it is expressly stated by the pastor as he teaches the membership class. Faith Community Church in Newhall, California.
I'm not a 100% certain, but I think it was discussed in my membership class. And I believe it is the policy of my church that people just can't just 86 out of there when they're in the process of discipline. I don't believe I received a copy of "bylaws" or the church constitution. The PCA church does things differently. You can appeal all the way to the general assembly so I think that's why we have a bylaws or a church constitution. I could be wrong on this.
All of the instances of church discipline which were handled with the congregation as a whole, in churches in which I've been a member -- it was dealt with in love, restoration, and truly an amazing display of the Gospel lived out.
On the other hand, I know of more than one instance of people "running" from church discipline, and then blaming the church. "The elders were wrong, we didn't even go to that church anymore. . . blah, blah, blah."
It still startles me. . . shocks me. . . that in at least one of these instances the offending brother was embraced by another church, his previous discipline pooh-poohed and no resolution ever reached. Was the power of the Gospel lived out and proclaimed? Sadly, when church discipline is unresolved the Church and Christians miss an opportunity to live out the glorious Gospel of grace.
"where in the Scriptures does it expressly state that if someone leaves a local church that they should be pursued and discipline still carried out against them?"
I'm not trying to be mean or harsh. I'm really not. But if one has an understanding of the sovereignty of God, the Lordship of Christ and the nature of church, then that question becomes an absurdity that I doubt many reading this blog would even have a category for.
The church I pastor has nary a word in the bylaws about discipline, but I know of a couple Independent Bible churches in our area with some fairly well laid-out procedures. The question of whether the person leaving should end the discipline becomes a non-issue if the process is developed properly. The bylaws should state that the person is not ALLOWED to withdraw membership while under discipline (and will not, therefore, be released to another church). These days, such a step is also a way for the church to cover itself legally. The member knew going in that, should discipline begin, they would not be able to take their ball and go home, enabling them to cry "harassment!"
We just redid our bylaws and no one on the committee was keen on adding a discipline section because it's a downer and it didn't seem needed at the time. But I guess the point is that you want to have it already in place when you DO need it.
@ solameanie
I don't know where you are from but In Oklahoma the state law only requires THAT we have a constitution as a non-profit organization. They do not have our constitution "on file." Speaking on behalf of the state, they do not want to give tax-free status to any dude who wants to call his family his church, etc. - so they require NFP organizations to jump thru several hoops to obtain 501c3 status. One of which is that they be incorporated and have a constitution.
Moreover, your theoretical is flawed in that you presuppose that the state wants to become the interpreter for an institution's bylaws. There are plenty of precedents that tell us states and feds want nothing to do with this sticky issue (most recently see Klouda v. Patterson and SWBTS).
My church practices Matthew 18 discipline, and has ever since our current pastor arrived in 1969! In fact, sadly, at our next Communion service on December 28, we will "tell it to the church" of two people who continue to pursue unbiblical divorces, and refuse to repent after multiple meetings with pastors and elders.
I personally do not know of any other church in the area that obeys this biblical mandate.
If more churches engaged in biblical discipline, more people would take their Christian faith seriously!
Merry CHRISTmas, everyone!
A Musician by Grace
I'm in the People's Republic of Illinois. That should tell you enough right there. :O
You might well be right in some respects. However, the ways the law can be distorted and reinterpreted by clever attorneys and/or activist judges ought to give us pause no matter what past precedent has been. Review the rulings of the 9th Federal Circuit some time. Thankfully, they get overturned a lot.
Did you know that in Russia, some churches refuse to register with the government out of principle?
the church of which I am a member specifically states in the constitution that "There can be no appeal to any court as a result of this action (1 Corinthians 6:1-2) and a member may not resign his/her membership in order to avoid church discipline." Due to a move to another town, I am going to join a Presby PCA church. If I am reading the Book of church order, part 2 correctly- then a member under discipline will continue to be disciplined by the church he/she is attempting to leave. (by the way- I live in Texas)
While I am at it, I can think of a Christian community in Chicago where spanking (of both children and adults) was practiced for a while. As in adults. I kid you not. I am happy that they saw the error of their ways and discontinued the controversial practice, but a small part of me sympathizes. There are a few in every church that could use a few good, hard swats.
I wonder how most erring brethr'n and sister'n in churches would react if they were sentenced to be paddled at the altar as an alternative to excommunication?
We don't have our actual constitution on our church's website. All the other documents lay out our support of the Matt. 18 process, but don't specifically call out the "you can't fire me, I quit" problem.
I'm guessing because no one who is drawn to membership in our congregation would ever think they could get away with such a thing - we know our pastor and elders love us way too much!!
When someone leaves the church when in chronic sin, or rebellion against the eldership, I don't think my church would pursue.
Though when the person in sin goes to join another church, it would be the responsibility of the eldership of this new church to exaime her, or him, and go to her last church and speak with the elders/pastors.
I've founf that most churches never do this. I have a lot to say on this, but suffice it to say pastors today, and in the majority of churches don't really check the background of the sheep. They simply preach, or speak from the pulpit and get their paycheck.
A good pastor would check out all avenues, and any new comer to the church he would call the previous pastor.
My two drachma's worth.
In the past I have known of no churches/by laws that deal with the issue of one fleeing discipline. My church and most I'm aware of vote on every member requesting membership. If they are under discipline from their previous church, we would investigate before giving approval(though that situation has never occured).
Most recently have come into contact with one area church that refuses to stop the discipline process due to flight.
One other thought. If I, as an elder, knew the local church where a rebellious ex-member had gone to, then I believe it would be my responsibility to call the pastor, and to let him know the situation, if he didn't call my church first.
I'll try to get ahold of a copy tomorrow to check for sure. I would be very surprised if they didn't make it explicit. In membership class and the membership interview the process was very clearly discussed, and they make you get a letter of recommendation from your previous church. In one of our other ministry training classes, they discussed the process in even more detail, including how the elders follow up on all cases several times a year, including those who try to avoid it by leaving the church. I know of at least one case where a staff member came under disciplined, which resulted in his work visa getting revoked and him being sent back to England. So this church takes discipline very seriously, and will almost certainly have the process explicitly laid out for legal protection.
The problem with dropping the issue just because she left is that it defeats at least two purposes of church discipline:
1. It takes the Spiritual pressure off of the one who is being sought after to repent and return to fellowship, and...
2. It keeps the rest of the local flock from seeing the biblical process in action, which process should be both a warning and an encouragement to them.
Many times when one voluntarily leaves a church and attends another one, they maintain fellowship ties with former brethren, which in this case would be destructive to the unrepentant one. She should be treated as an unbeliever (not meanly, cruelly, etc., but as a candidate for the Gospel) until she repents.
I say all that with the biblical assumption that she is biblically disciplined in love by broken men who know that "there but for the grace of God go I".
I have unfortunately seen several times over the years when the unrepentant one is disciplined in smug disdain by unbroken men who think that "there but for my own self-righteousness...yada, yada."
Or perhaps worse, by those who hold to the theology, "What happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas."
Thanks for addressing this, Dan.
I pray the churches maintain the biblical way even in the event of probable litigation, in future cases if not this one.
Spanking? Well, I'll be switched. ;-)
Yes, at Baptist Church of the Redeemer in Houston.
Dan, in response to your question, I am a member of a church that has the church discipline process ala Matt 18 outlined in its bylaws and its member covenant, and practices it. However, I don't think we have anything about leaving the church while under discipline. Although, as an Elder, I was involved in at least one instance where this happened. I recall wrestling with this issue as a leadership team. It was (and remains) confusing to everyone in the body when this happens, and needs to be thought through ahead of time and codified for all to see and understand.
The congregation of my church, College Park Church of Indianapolis, Indiana, expressly voted to add such a provision to our church constitution in early 2008 because of such reasons of avoidance.
CPC is a fast-growing reformed megachurch of about 1,500-2,000 members and 2,500-3,000 weekly worshippers that does actively, lovingly, redemptively practice church discipline and I have heard this provision restated more than once when these instances must be brought before the flock.
My family and I are blessed beyond measure to be part of such a biblical flock. Hats off to Grace Community Church there in JAX!
We do, we do.
Um ...running away only moves me the sinner. The goal of church discipline is to restore me the sinner and keep the church pure.
So whatcha gonna do with this survey Mr. Phillips?
We do here: http://sovereigngracechapel.com/SGC/Welcome_files/SGC%20Constitution.doc.pdf
Section 8, the paragraph after letter D.
Never asked the question and don't have a copy of the church rules of discipline readily available. I'll check, though I do know that our church will not accept a membership transfer if that individual is under discipline from the church from where they are transferring.
They asked me if I or any member of my family was under discipline from the church from where I was transfering. Then they got contact info and checked(we moved several states because of work, not discipline). I was very happy to see that happen.
Anyhow, because of the follow-up we require to accept a membership, I assume (though I'm not sure) that we require discipline be carried out to completion.
For those who are going to check up on their church's policy - better make sure your pastor knows your purpose.
Member: Hey, pastor, if I leave the church, you can't discipline me, can you?
Pastor: You said what now?
Last time I read the constitution of the church that I attend, but am not a formal member of, it had nothing in it about discipline. Membership class? Membership only requires you to do an alter call and answer two questions; accepted Christ? been baptized?
A church plant that came out of my church in September requires a church vote for a person to come off the membership role, and thus, the discipline process continues.
My church does not - a person can resign membership with a letter, but we are discussing a change.
Frankly, I have a mixed opinion. It seems to me that church discipline has two outcomes - restore a brother or identify a goat among the sheep. I heard a pastor once say "If you are not a member of a church, I question your salvation." (I believe that was Mark Dever, but I am not certain.) So, could it be that if a person leaves the church rather than face discipline, they have completed the discipline process for us by demonstrating that they are not of us. If a person would rather leave then repent, perhaps we should treat them as an unbeliever, and we don't do church discipline on the world.
Bethel Baptist Temple in Cincinnati.
Solameanie: "I wonder how most erring brethr'n and sister'n in churches would react if they were sentenced to be paddled at the altar as an alternative to excommunication?"
Sorry, Solameanie, I know it's not supposed to be funny (at least I hope not), but the image that surfaced in my head after I read that was absolutely hilarious! Perhaps this may work better than excommunication after all--just imagine the stifled laughs coming from all parts of the sanctuary as the unrepentant offender is getting paddled by the elders!! Who would want to be caught dead in THAT situation!? Can you imagine the stories they'll report on the 6 o'clock news!?
(Then again, to protect the church's legal interests, excommunication is still probably better than paddling....)
The constitution of my home church, Faith Community Church, in Kansas City, MO reads: "Members, who are under discipline by the church, as defined in the previous paragraph, forfeit and waive the right to resign from this church. Resignations from membership are possible only by members who are in good standing and who are not under any disciplinary action."
I love my church.
Just pulled out my church handbook.
In part it states:
"...Therefore, discipline may be instituted or continued either before or after a member seeks to withdraw from membership if the elders determine that such discipline may serve to guard and preserve the honor of God, protect the purity of the church, or restore the wandering member to the Lord. While the church cannot force a withdrawing member to remain in this congregation, the church has the right and responsiblity to encourage restoration, to bring the disciplinary process to an orderly conclusion, and to make a final determination as to the person's membership status at the time withdrawal is sought or acknowledged. In doing so, the elders, at their discretion, may temporarily suspend further disciplinary proceedings, dismiss any or all charges pending against the accused, or proceed with discipline and pronounce an appropriate censure."
It also states that if the elders learn thata member who is under disciplinary process is attending another church, they will inform that church that the person is is currently under church discipline.
My point's already made, but please keep it up.
We're not the highest-traffic blog on the internets (though we should b e), and Saturday's a really poor day for it — but we got a truckload of people confirming this practice without breaking a sweat.
Professor Bock never heard of this standard? He couldn't impress the possibility on the FOX reporter, if he did? The unnamed pastoral consultants didn't mention it the the other reporter?
Kind of makes you long for the ducking stool, the pillory and the stocks, so well utilized by the colonists who settled in America.
This whole issue sure is stirring a hornet's nest. I posted on it over at my blog, and I've got a couple of people there taking me to task. It amazes me how badly we've lost biblical thinking on this issue in favor of a more secular, legal mindset that focuses on what constitutes "membership" and "jurisdiction." We're talking about the church of Jesus Christ, not the Lion's Club.
Do we think for one moment that if a believer sinned at the Ephesian church and left in a huff for the church in Corinth, that the issue wouldn't have followed them to their new chosen congregation?
Before you snipe on a new thread, dac, clean up your mess on the previous.
it doesn't expressly state it but no one has tried to run away that I know of, and while church discipline isn't new in my church, just this year they added a 17 line paragraph to the membership form explaining Church discipline backed up by its respective Bible verses.
Our church follows Matthew 18.
I know this is "preaching to the choir", but the final step - taking the sin before the church - removes the person in unrepentant sin from the body of believers.
The whole point of this final step of restoration is for the body to know they are to treat the unrepentant sinner as a non-believer. That being, to continually preach the gospel to them in faith and love, so they may return to their first love.
I have been witness to several church disciplines, and none of them have involved the pastor standing up and humiliating anyone. He has, with love and grace, told the body of the problem and the removal of the unrepentant from the local body.
Since my pastor personally knows the pastor of this church, and since this pastor is a graduate of TMS, I am certain he handles church discipline in the same manner.
Because of the nature of my blog I know of zillions of churches that have those sorts of covenants or rules. Exact counts depend on how you consider various grey cases but... I should say that in practice it is a different storey. In my experience most churches back down in the face of a clear cut letter of disaffiliation. There is a noticeable difference in tone between someone who is fleeing being confronted about their sin and someone who has firmly decided on a course of action and is starting to lay the ground work to win a lawsuit; churches react differently to the latter.
A few quick points:
jigawat: you mention the PCA. While it is unclear, given their receiving church's attitude to her fornication it likely that Miss Hancock would fall under 38-3b, that is she would be subject to erasure but not continuing discipline.
ZSB: You mention that that bylaws going in would protect the church legally. That is simply false. The law and the courts don't consider religious practice and affiliation to be a contract but rather a civil right. You can't sign away your right to quit a church any more than you can sign away your right to sue for sexual harassment in the workplace. A church covenant is like a bluff in poker, you might get the person to fold but remember you have to muck if you get raised.
So you're telling us that the courts govern the church?
In the PCUSA (gasp! yes, you do have a few readers from there), if you "renounce jurisdiction," i.e., give up your membership either in a church (members and elders and deacons) or in the presbytery (ministers) while under investigation or during a trial, the matter isn't simply dropped. Instead, the clerk will report both the renounciation _and_ the charges filed at the next meeting. This is to prevent people from skipping out and stopping the process and hiding behind secrecy.
Another pastor in my presbytery was just brought up on charges of sexual misconduct and renounced jurisdiction a few weeks ago. That means, at the next meeting in February, our clerk will be reading into the minutes the charges filed, and since the investigating committee was ready to go to trial, they will be read in great detail.
I'm not looking forward to that. It's a sad, sad thing when God's people fall so far and so hard.
I checked this blog on Friday morning, and there was nothing new. Blissfully unaware of this whole discussion that unfolded later that day and yesterday, I missed the whole show!
Can't take my eyes of this blog for so much as a day....
I have to say:
Here in Britian the question is rather:
How many of you know of Biblically PRACTICING Churches where the Church actually search the Scriptures to see whether these things BE SO?
How many will even ENTERTAIN Church discipline Biblically? (As many "evangelicals" love pragmatism, Inter-denominationalism, human wisdoms, NUMBERS and statistics... instead of Applying 1 Corinthians 1 & 2 and the other Scriptures by faith.)
At our church, each step of the disciplinary process has two possible outcomes: "listening" (repentance and restoration) or "refusing to listen."
Withdrawing from the process would constitute "refusing to listen," which means that the process would then proceed to the next stage. The ultimate outcome if the unrepentant member refuses to listen at every stage, would be disfellowshipping.
Each stage, however, allows generous time for the member to return into a loving relationship—first, with the offended party; then, if that doesn't bear fruit, with the others who accompany the offended party in the next stage; and then, if all that doesn't bear fruit, with the elders' restorative committee. There are a lot of very private stages to go through before the penultimate step of "taking it to the church," and a lot of opportunities for the member to return to a right relationship with his brothers and sisters in Christ.
One good thing may have come out of these sad events.
Given that even Rick Warren is catching flack in some quarters of the media for supporting Proposition 8, the world (or at least the Fox News-watching world) has seen that there are some churches willing to take a stand against all kinds of sexual sin; not just against some while unbiblically turning a blind eye to others.
Our church by-laws include this phrase in the section for Church Discipline:
"It is understood that this process will continue to conclusion to conclusion whether the erring member leaves the church or otherwise seeks to withdraw from membership to avoid discipline."
I will also note that in one case about 10 years ago, when a member did leave and go to another church to avoid discipline, the elders contacted the new church and informed their leadership of the ongoing discipline procedure.
CD Host,
Please check you case law. In Florida, you can be dis-fellowshipped for ANY reason that the church sees fit.(Kond vs Murdyk is instructive on this)
Basically, legally, this church has the protection of the courts of Florida from what the state deems 'excessive entanglement' and can carry on the process provided for in their by-laws.
This church has done nothing wrong legally or according to the Scriptures. You, or others, may not like how they handled it, but remember you are diagnosing a situation not as part of this particular church family but over the internet. Be very careful how you critique the 'Bride of Christ' which this church is most definitely a part of.
My church thankfully does also, whose shepherd is a TMS graduate.
Hayden --
I don't know Kong but I cover a lot of cases on discipline. There is no question the courts can't review the reasons for disfellowship in a church. Besides her case is not borderline.
But you claim regarding bylaws I'd like to see some cite for. I want to get the claim in context. Can you post the case?
As far as counter cites:
O'Moore v. Driscoll: Lack of consent to a ritual instantly removes privilege (which was upheld in Wallersheim v. Scientology). There are been several rape cases where the religious ritual defense has been used unsuccessfully.
In Scolinki the courts found that church discipline arises from common interest. Since there is no common interest with a woman voluntarily leaving the religious community no protections would exist.
Morasse v. Brochu is a specific application in this case regulating communication with non church members.
Chavis v. Rowe allows you to apply many of the older cases since all regulations involving ministers apply to all members equally.
I could keep going but I don't have to. The reason I'm positive you are incorrect regarding Florida is law, is that if your understanding of the law were correct, religious institutions would be essentially immune from all civil laws and most criminal law. We agree that churches can freely determine their own rituals and if they can also freely determine their own membership scope then they can do what they want to anyone without redress. Do you believe a wiccan coven can legally bleed you if they claim you as a member even if you disagree. If not what's the difference between your status with regard to the coven and Miss Hancock's with regard to Grace Church? Remember the courts can't review membership procedures so if your understanding were correct they couldn't rule on whether you were really a member of the coven since that would now be a point of religious dispute. The state clearly has compelling in now allowing a situation like that.
To CSLEWIS3147:
IN NWA (Rogers) try
Legacy Baptist Church
Hope Community Bible Chruch
We have no such stipulation.
I asked the pastor at the OPC we are attending if he knew about the story from Jacksonville and if Ms. Hancock's self-removal from the membership would end the process. He said that it would depend on the circumstances - which made me nervous until he explained.
He said that this will be covered fully in the membership classes we will start in the new year. They expressly state in the bylaws that church discipline will be carried out regardless of whether or not that member is attending.
If the member has chosen to self-excommunicate before any discipline has begun, the church has to honor that request. However, if the discipline process has begun, the "flight" of the member would not stop the process. Further, they could not honor the delinquent member's request to be removed because the discipline was ongoing. The recent case in his own church involved such an attempt to flee.
Referencing that case, he said that it was months in attempting to avoid disclosure to the congregation though private and semi-private admonition, counseling, meetings, and prayer. As Stefan said, "There are a lot of very private stages to go through before the penultimate step of 'taking it to the church....'" The pastor also said that before such a topic was brought into the congregation, all visitors were asked to leave and all children who were not communicant members were removed from the sanctuary.
The final step of airing it in the congregation is done because of that mandate and also because the purpose of discipline is two-fold. It calls the straying member to repentance and it protects the church from the influence of that person - it identifies the goat among the sheep so that the sheep are not harmed, as someone above mentioned.
Incidentally, I did look at the constitution of the ELCA church to which I currently belong. There is a section on the procedure of discipline, but it does not address what would happen if the member removed himself from the rolls. Unsurprisingly, it is also nearly unused.
I only know of one instance of an attempt to apply it in our area over the last 10 years. That ultimately involved trumped up charges against a person who was guilty of being too scriptural. He was involved in a dispute with the pastor about the uniqueness and divinity of Christ … the member being the one holding that Christ was the ONLY way, truth, and life and that Christ was THE Son of God, not just a child of God as we all are children of God.
The charges involved a laundry list of petty and unsubstantiated rumors started by his detractors. The only one that stuck was that he was "divisive". The charges were ultimately dropped after the Bishop was called in, but the process was neither private nor caring.
A stark difference from a rightly applied model like Grace seems to have used.
We do, but it was difficult to pass, and hard to get the elders and congregation to apply.
-Matt Mitchell
We do not. I wish we did.
Unfortunately, no. My church is very small and does not have any official bylaws.
Yes, the church where I am a pastor does have this explicit statement, and yes, we have implemented it at least once in the last few years. Other evangelical churches in town hate us for it.
Our church has no explicit statement in our bylaws, but this is the way that we practice it, and did so a year ago in an strangely similar situation when we affirmed that one cannot withdraw membership midstream in the disciple process in an attempt to short-circuit accountability.
Like the blog, this meta has a topic, and rules. Please read, and abide.
If someone can't follow a really short post, with really concise rules - what hope of grasping a book as long as the Bible?
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i have a Toshiba Laptop 4080XCDT, well its quite an old one , it was workin fine frm quite a long time but suddenly frm last few days making trouble........ Anyway the problem is simply its not loading windows i can only goto to the BIOS setup n when i try to load windows it crashes rather got hanged, the problem is with the harddisk cause few months ago during my lecture it dropped frm table.
I was able to make it work, but this time after swiching off the power, the power LED is blinking contineously in orange color. since i dont have the manual with me cant figure it out wht the hell is it indicating, but normally wht these LEDs or blinking means is that it is self dignosing the problem n should contact the manufacturer or dealer. SO wht u folks say have i diagnoes the problem right or not.


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Wonder what happens in that weird #whitenoise section? I braved the insanity to bring you an overview of the laughable rumors, pancake fanboys, and something about a leggy dude in a dress. (Don't worry, the picture's hidden behind another link.)
I say that #whitenoise is insane, but really it's a blast. There are silly commenters who make a game of guessing the heights of the Gizmodo staff members. (Hint: Frucci is surprisingly and pleasantly tall.) They play other games, too. Lots and lots of games.
But it's not all about being silly. The #whitenoise regulars give great advice to anyone in need. (Though heads up, sometimes you'll face some sarcasm before the truly good advice comes.) They even discuss deep bra-related issues.
Speaking of staying on your toes and watching out for sarcasm, #fakerumorthursday is a great weekly tradition in #whitenoise. Even when it causes panic with things like this:
In ever demanding response to using Sausages for stylii in Korea (and possibly elsewhere), Apple will announce next month that they too will create edible stylii made of meat. It will be extra shiny, and will never expire thanks to a new nano-polymer-bots. It is, however, expected to cost $199 for the 8 stick pack, and $399 for the 8 stick pack with international flavorings.
Scary, but I suppose it's a nice way to get out the energy after a lazy #wednesdaybookclub meeting and before celebrating pancake-centric holidays.
Mmm. Speaking of food. #whitenoise is full of cooking suggestions and recipes. Guess it's what those folks do between name-calling and name-making.
Those are some of the fun discussions going on this week, but I can't end this without sharing my favorite part of #whitenoise which is one commenter's crazy #mondayvent. Yeah, sometimes he pokes fun of us all, but after sharing pictures of himself in a dress, I'd say he's earned it.
We're proud of our comment system and commenter community. A great display of the sheer insanity and brilliance of the gals and boys who make it so wonderful is our open forum, #whitenoise. From Whitenoise is a regular feature to show the best of the best and the weirdest of the weird.
Picture by love♡janine


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