text:
|2011-05-20, 12:16
|Link #1
The Surprise of Haruhi Suzumiya (Novels 10/11) Spoiler Discussion
The Surprise of Haruhi Suzumiya (Novels 10/11) Spoiler Discussion
Everything's translated! NO SPOILER BARS!
Continuing the story started in The Dissociation of Haruhi Suzumiya, The Surprise of Haruhi Suzumiya has been one of the most anticipated light novels in recent Japanese history. Originally scheduled for a June 1st, 2007 release, The Surprise of Haruhi Suzumiya was delayed in May 2007 with an indefinite release date. From that time period until Fall 2009, no new information was released concerning the novel until The Sneaker mentioned that Nagaru Tanigawa, the author of the Haruhi Suzumiya series, was working on the story. A short preview of the story was released in the June 2010 edition of The Sneaker with a promise that the story would be released "by the end of the year 2010." In the February 2011 edition of The Sneaker, it was confirmed that the story had evolved into a two novel simultaneous release on May 25th, 2011.
The Limited Edition First Pressing contains both novels as well as a 64 page booklet that contains a short story by Nagaru Tanigawa entitled Rainy Day that takes place when Kyon was in middle school. It is the version released on May 25th. On June 15th, the common editions will be released with the same text and a slightly altered cover.
The only new information about the story has been the two summaries released by Kadokawa for the novels' common edition release on June 15th, 2011:
Novel 10: The Surprise of Haruhi Suzumiya (First Part):
Nagato is sick?! With the cause being the girl from the alternative alien faction and the SOS Brigade taking a pause it seems like I can acknowledge those guys as an enemy. Yare yare, it might be a misunderstanding. But shouldn't I be mad at myself for my own irresponsible actions?!
Novel 11: The Surprise of Haruhi Suzumiya (Latter Part):
There's been a freshman who has broken through the SOS Brigade enrollment examinations Haruhi put out. It's so nice to be able to push all the busy work to someone else now. But something's bothering me: why haven't I heard from Sasaki since that meeting?
So to review for those who might have forgotten, here's the story thus far thanks to the final (April 2011) edition of The Sneaker:
The world is divided by a phone call in one book.
Before Surprise goes on sale, let's have a 10 minute review of what's happened so far! Firstly, Kyon and everyone else is promoted a grade. This peaceful (if you can call it that) world is then divided into α and β by what?
On the first Saturday of the new school year, the SOS Brigade sets out on a wonderful expedition. After returning home, Kyon is in the bath when the phone rings....
Spoiler for α world:
Spoiler for β world:
Various Animate and Gamers stores will be selling the novels at midnight on the 25th (11:00 EST, 08:00 PST, 15:00 UTC May 24th) and there are already notices on 2ch that Amazon Japan is beginning to ship the Limited Edition version and thus spoilers will be coming soon. The preview from the June 2010 edition of The Sneaker has been translated by cnet128 and can be found here or here.
Finally, as the series has been licensed by Little, Brown Inc for English-speaking audiences there can be no discussion on where to find an illegal copy.
Last edited by ultimatemegax; 2011-08-02 at 05:15.
|2011-05-21, 14:06
|Link #6
|2011-05-21, 14:26
|Link #7
Senior Member
Join Date: May 2011
I don't want to spoiler myself yet, but I still want to keep track of a possible translation status, that's why it would be nice to keep spoilers hidden.
|2011-05-22, 08:00
|Link #8
Well, someone's going to use this thread...
Spoiler for thoughts, NOT CONFIRMED:
And I'll separate this into "things read on chinese board, but can't translate well. Thankfully someone on 4ch did":
Spoiler for unconfirmed:
|2011-05-22, 13:29
|Link #11
Epitome of Divinity
Join Date: Aug 2009
Location: In my quiet room playing visual novels.
Age: 27
Oh wow. so it's really coming after all. This made my day, I'll have a stupid smile of my face for the rest of the day.
That said, I wonder if that new girl up there is slider-tan. If she is, then I'll be expecting some fan-art in pixiv within the week, if not less.
|2011-05-22, 16:45
|Link #14
North American Haruhiist
Join Date: Oct 2010
Age: 38
Wow, I am really excited to find out what happens in these two books and those are some amazing images.
Spoiler for Thoughts on character design image:
I also was intrigued by one of Megax's unconfirmed items.
Spoiler for Megax's unconfirmed item from a chinese board about Asahina:
|2011-05-22, 22:02
|Link #18
Anyways, here's some more stuff from the 64 page booklet. I can't translate well, thus the story is out of my hands.
Spoiler for new girl:
Last edited by ultimatemegax; 2011-05-22 at 22:16.
|2011-05-22, 23:02
|Link #19
Senior Member
Join Date: Feb 2007
|2011-05-22, 23:04
|Link #20
Zettai Ryouiki Lover
Join Date: Aug 2009
Location: The Bay Area
To be honest, that's actually pretty close to how I imagined she looked.
|haruhi suzumiya, light novel, spoilers
|Thread Tools


text:
We now offer you, the 156-315.77 Royal Pack! In case you are uncertain about the requirements for Checkpoint 156-315.77 exam preparation then this is your best bet! With a special 20.00% discount, this Checkpoint 156-315.77 Royal Pack is the ultimate value for your money!
The Check Point Certified Security Expert royal pack is an amazing fusion of all the available products that are necessary for CCSE R77.30 156-315.77 exam preparation. It contains all aspects of the Checkpoint recommended syllabus and even accommodates the up-to-date content in order to assist candidates as well as the common users getting ready for the CCSE R77.30 156-315.77 exam. The 156-315.77 Royal Pack, would prove to be the most essential preparation source for your certification at the best price in town.
You can use our free 156-315.77 demo of each of the CCSE R77.30 156-315.77 products individually available on this page. If you are satisfied with the 156-315.77 product then you can order our Checkpoint 156-315.77 Royal Pack, right now! Our Checkpoint 156-315.77 Royal Pack comes with a 100% money back guarantee to ensure 156-315.77 reliable and convenient shopping experience and help you build a greater trust in the purchase Check Point Certified Security Expert!
The answer to that is quite simple. 156-315.77 We are committed to providing you with the latest available Checkpoint PassGuide 156-315.77 brain dumps Checkpoint exam preparation products at the best prices. 156-315.77 All of that, in addition to the special Check Point Certified Security Expert discounts on CCSE R77.30 156-315.77 bundle purchases that are our unique feature!
These bundle packs are a fusion of all the available products necessary for the Checkpoint exam preparation. 156-315.77 They cover the complete recommended syllabus and up-to-date content in order to assist the http://www.certkiller.com/exam-156-315-77.htm candidates as well as the common users getting ready for the CCSE R77.30 156-315.77 exams.
Coupled with consistent technical support, our Checkpoint Checkpoint Certkiller 156-315.77 labs products would prove to be the most definitive Examsheets 156-315.77 real exam Checkpoint preparation source that you would ever use.
What sets us apart from others is:
All the necessary information about our complete range of PassGuide CCSE R77.30 156-315.77 brain dumps Checkpoint certification tests is given below. 156-315.77 Still, if you cannot find your preferred Checkpoint certification/exam information, kindly use the "Search" field provided at the top of the page.
We hope you find our CCSE R77.30 informative as well as convenient. 156-315.77 Feel free to contact us in case of any 156-315.77 lab questions Real Exams queries, suggestion and general feedback about your shopping experience with us. 156-315.77 We'd love to hear from you!
SelfTestEngine.com will provide you with a full refund or another exam of your choice absolutely free within 90 days from the date of purchase if for any reason you do not pass your exam.
Experience Selftestengine Checkpoint 156-315.77 exam Q&A testing engine for yourself.
Simply submit your e-mail address below to get started with our interactive software demo of your Checkpoint 156-315.77 exam.
Customizable, interactive testing engine
Simulates real exam environment
Instant download
Experience Selftestengine Checkpoint 156-315.77 exam Questions&Answers for yourself.
Simply submit your e-mail address below to get started with our interactive software demo of your Checkpoint 156-315.77 exam.
Customizable, interactive testing engine
Simulates real exam environment
Instant download

subset: commoncrawl


text:
List of Useful Court References
| Researching Court Records
This article is part of a series.
|Overview of Court Records
|Court Procedures
|Equity Cases
|Divorce Actions
|Types of Court Records
|List of Court Record Types
|Researching Court Records
|Selected Proceedings and Courts
|Justice of the Peace Courts
|List of Useful Court References
This article originally appeared in "Court Records" by Sandra Hargreaves Luebking, FUGA, Loretto Dennis Szucs, FUGA, and Arlene H. Eakle, Ph.D. in The Source: A Guidebook to American Genealogy
This reference section begins with guides, bibliographies, and sources of general interest on law in the colonies and early states, then continues with specific subject titles. Some attempt has been made to avoid duplicating sources unless they apply to more than one subject area.
- 1 General Guides, References, and Inventories
- 2 Admiralty Court Records
- 3 Adoption Records
- 4 Bankruptcy and Debt
- 5 Case Studies and Record Use
- 6 Claims: Courts and Private (see also, Federal)
- 7 Colonial Courts
- 8 Criminal Courts
- 9 Divorce
- 10 Federal, Confederate, and Territorial Courts
- 11 Indian Court Records
- 12 Laws, Statutes, Legal Terms
- 13 Mining District Records
- 14 Probate and Dower
- 15 Regional and State Guides
- 16 Special Topics
- 17 External Links
General Guides, References, and Inventories
Bentley, Elizabeth P. County Courthouse Book. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1995.
Callender, Clarence N. American Courts: Their Organization and Procedures. New York: McGraw Hill, 1927.
Eakle, Arlene. Family History for Fun and Profit: 30th Anniversary Edition. Provo, Utah: Genealogical Institute, 2002.
Eichholz, Alice, ed. Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources. 3rd ed. Provo, Utah: Ancestry, 2004.
Flaherty, David H. "A Select Guide to Manuscript Court Records of Colonial New England." American Journal of Legal History 9 (1967): 107-26.
Friedman, Lawrence M. A History of American Law. 3rd ed. New York: Touchstone, 2005.
Gersack, Dorothy Hill. "Colonial, State, and Federal Court Records: A Survey." American Archivist 36 (1973): 33-42.
Greenwood, Val D. The Researcher's Guide to American Genealogy. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2000.
Haskins, George L. "Court Records and History." William and Mary Quarterly 3rd ser., 5 (1948): 547-52.
Hasse, Adelaide R. Materials for a Bibliography of the Public Archives of the Thirteen Original States Covering Colonial Period and State Period to 1789. 1908; reprint, New York: Argonaut Press, 1966.
Hoffer, Peter Charles. Law and People in Colonial America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
Jeffrey, William, Jr. "Early New England Court Records: A Bibliography of Published Material." Boston Public Library Quarterly (1954). As reprinted in American Journal of Legal History 1 (1957): 119-47.
Kammen, Michael G. "Colonial Court Records and the Study of Early American History: A Bibliographical Review." American Historical Review 70 (1965): 732-39.
Low, Erick Baker. A Bibliography on the History of the Organization and Jurisdiction of State Courts. Williamsburg: National Center for State Courts, 1980.
Maduell, Charles R. "Genealogy From Law Books." New Orleans Genesis 9 (1972): 42-43. Includes specific examples from state court reports.
Matchette, Robert D. Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1995. Online version at <www.archives.gov>.
Neagles, James C. Military Records: A Guide to Genealogical and Historical Research. Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1990.
New York State Archives. List of Pre-1874 Court Records in the State Archives. Albany: Office of Cultural Education, New York State Education Department, 1984.
Nunis, Doyce B., Jr. "Historical Studies in United States Legal History, 1950-59: A Bibliography of Articles Published in Scholarly Non-Law Journals." American Journal of Legal History 7 (1963): 1-27.
Prager, Herta, and William W. Price. "A Bibliography on the History of the Courts of the Thirteen Original States, Maine, Ohio, and Vermont." American Journal of Legal History 1 (1957): 336-62; 2 (1958): 35- 52, 148-54.
Pound, Roscoe. Organization of Courts. Boston: Little, Brown, 1940; reprint, Westport Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1979.
Rose, Christine. Courthouse Research for Family Historians. San Jose, Calif.: CR Publications, 2004.
Rust, Barbara. "The Right to Vote: The Enforcement Acts and Southern Courts." Prologue 21, no. 3 (Fall 1989): 231-38.
Ryskamp, George R. "Fundamental Common-Law Concepts for the Genealogist: Marriage, Divorce, and Coverture." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 23 (September 1995): 165-79.
Salmon, Marylynn. Women and the Law of Property in Early America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986.
Schwartz, Bernard, Barbara Wilcie Kern, and R. B. Bernstein, eds. Thomas Jefferson and Bolling v. Bolling: Law and the Legal Profession in Prerevolutionary America. San Marino, Calif.: Huntington Library Press, 1997.
Sell, Gary L. Legal Materials on Microform: A Bibliography. 3rd ed. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University, 1976.
Spratling, Benjamin Barnett, III. "Court and Legal Records." In Printed Sources: A Guide to Published Genealogical Records, edited by Kory L. Meyerink. Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1998.
---. "Court Records: Far Beyond Probate." Ancestry Magazine 14, no. 4 (July-August 1996): 5-8.
Taylor, D. Joshua. "Trial by Community." Utah Genealogical Society Quarterly 1, no. 1 (December 2005): 2-8.
Tompkins, Dorothy Campbell. Court Organization and Administration: A Bibliography. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.
Weinberg, Allen. "Court Records: Orphans Among Archives." American Archivist 23 (1960): 167-74.
Admiralty Court Records
Andrews, Charles M. The Colonial Period of American History: England's Commercial and Colonial Policy. Vol. 4. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1938. An excellent historical treatment of the courts of admiralty in the colonies.
Dickerson, O. M. The Navigation Acts and the American Revolution. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1951.
Hough, Charles M. Reports of the Cases in the Vice-Admiralty of the Province of New York. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1925.
Morris, Robert C. "From Piracy to Censorship: The Admiralty Experience." Prologue 21, no. 3 (Fall 1989): 186-95.
Owen, David R., and Michael C. Tolley. Courts of Admiralty in Colonial America: The Maryland Experience 1634-1776. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 1995.
Plowman, Robert J. "An Untapped Source: Civil War Prize Case Files 1861-65." Prologue 21, no. 3 (Fall 1989).
Towle, Dorothy S. Records of the Vice-Admiralty Court of Rhode Island: 1716-1752. Washington, D.C.: American Historical Association Committee on Legal History, 1939. Contains incomplete extracts of cases and a history of admiralty jurisdiction in Rhode Island.
Ubbelohde, Carl. The Vice-Admiralty Courts and the American Revolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1960. A good description of the courts before 1763 and their influence on the American Revolution.
Adoption Records
Current law on post-1930 adoption has made access to early records more difficult. See chapter 1, "The Foundations of Family History Research," for a discussion of freedom of information laws that may be used to get access.
Carp, E. Wayne. Adoption in America: Historical Perspectives. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002.
Leary, Morton L. The Law of Adoption Simplified. New York: Oceana Publications, 1948.
Zainaldin, Jamil. "The Emergence of a Modern American Family Law, Child Custody, Adoption and the Courts, 1796-1851." Northwestern University Law Review 73 (1979).
Whitmore, William. H. The Law of Adoption in the United States, and Especially in Massachusetts. Albany: Joe Munsell, 1876; reprint, Clark, N.J.: Lawbook Exchange, 2003.
Bankruptcy and Debt
Mann, Bruce H. Republic of Debtors: Bankruptcy in the Age of American Independence. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003.
Skeel, David. Debtor's Dominion: A History of Bankruptcy Law in America. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001.
Owens, James K. "Documenting Regional Business History: The Bankruptcy Acts of 1800 and 1841." Prologue 21, no. 3 (Fall 1989): 178-85.
Szucs, Loretto Dennis. "To Whom I Am Indebted: Bankruptcy Records." Ancestry Magazine 12, no. 5 (September-October 1994): 26-27.
Thompson, Elizabeth Lee. The Reconstruction of Southern Debtors: Bankruptcy after the Civil War. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2004.
Watkins, Beverly. "To Surrender All His Estate: The 1867 Bankruptcy Act." Prologue 21, no. 3 (Fall 1989): 207-14.
Case Studies and Record Use
Ball, Walter V. "Family Records from County Court Order Books." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 58 (1970): 3.
Brayton, John Anderson. "Hardy of South Carolina-A Discreet Omission." Part I of "Check the Original! Two Lessons Learned the Hard Way." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 90, no. 1 (March 2002): 69-73.
Farnham, Charles W. "Lower Court Cases: A Genealogist's Tool." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 49 (1961): 200.
Fernandez, Angela. "Record-Keeping and Other Troublemaking: Thomas Lechford and Law Reform in Colonial Massachusetts." Law and History Review 23, no. 2 (Summer 2005): 235-78.
Hendrix, GeLee Corley. "Backtracking Through Burned Counties: Bonds of Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, and the Carolinas." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 78, no. 2 (June 1990): 98-114.
King, George H. S. "Maiden Names Used After Marriage." American Genealogist 47 (1971): 44.
Klein, Fannie J. Federal and State Court Systems: A Guide. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Publishers, 1977.
Proffitt, Shana Elizabeth. "Mallory-Blunt of Virginia-A Miscopied Name." Part II of "Check the Original! Two Lessons Learned the Hard Way." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 90, no. 1 (March 2002): 69-73.
Randall, Ruth. "An Interracial Suit for Inheritance: Clues to Probable Paternity for a Georgia Freedman, Henry Clay Heard Sherman." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 89, no. 2 (June 2001): 85-97.
Rutman, Darrett B., and Anita H. Rutman. "Now-Wives and Sons-in-Law: Parental Death in a Seventeenth Century Virginia County." In Chesapeake in the Seventeenth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979.
Semonche, John E. "Common-Law Marriage in North Carolina: A Study in Legal History." American Journal of Legal History 9 (1965): 320-49.
Stevenson, Noel. "Genealogical Research in the Law Library." American Genealogist 18 (1941): 100-103. Genealogical applications of printed court reports.
Claims: Courts and Private (see also, Federal)
Eales, Anne Bruner, and Robert M. Kvasnicka. Guide to Genealogical Research in the National Archives. Washington, D.C.: General Services Administration, 2000. See chapter 16, "Claims Records."
Luebking, Sandra H. "Southern Claims Commission-Disallowed Claims." FORUM 17, no. 2 (Summer 2005): 13-15.
Mills, Gary B. Southern Loyalists in the Civil War: A Composite Directory of Case Files Created by the U.S. Commissioners of Claims, 1871-1880, Including Those Appealed to the War Claims Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Court of Claims. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2004.
Naylor, Chris. "Those Elusive Early Americans: Public Lands and Claims in the American State Papers, 1789-1837." Prologue 37, no. 2 (Summer 2005). Online at http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2005/summer. Accessed 5 February 2006).
Schamel, Charles E. "Untapped Resources: Private Claims and Private Legislation in the Records of the U.S. Congress." Prologue 27, no. 1 (Spring 1995). Online at http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1995/spring/private-claims-2.html. Accessed 22 March 2006.
Colonial Courts
Billings, Warren M. A Little Parliament: The Virginia General Assembly in the Seventeenth Century. Richmond: Library of Virginia, 2004.
Chiroazzi, Michael, and Marguerite Most, eds. Prestatehood Legal Materials: A Fifty-State Research Guide, Including New York City and the District of Columbia. Vols. 1 and 2. Binghamton, N.Y.: Haworth Press, 2006.
Chitwood, Oliver Perry. Justice in Colonial Virginia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1905; reprint, Clark, N.J.: Law Book Exchange, 2001.
Daniels, Bruce C. Town and County: Essays on the Structure of Local Government in the American Colonies. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1978.
Fernandez, Angela. "Record-Keeping and Other Troublemaking: Thomas Lechford and Law Reform in Colonial Massachusetts." Law & History Review 23, no. 2 (Summer 2005): 235-78.
Greene, Jack P. "The Publication of the Official Records of the Southern Colonies." William and Mary Quarterly 3rd ser., 14 (1957): 268-80.
Mirow, M. C. Latin American Law: A History of Private Law and Institutions in Spanish America. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004.
Reinsch, Paul Samuel. English Common Law in the American Colonies. Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1899; reprint, Clark, N.J.: Lawbook Exchange, 2005. Online at http://www.lawbookexchange.com.
Surrency, Edwin C. "The Courts in the American Colonies." American Journal of Legal History 11 (1969): 253-76, 347-76.
Whitney, Edson L. Government of the Colony of South Carolina. Baltimore, 1895; reprint, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1973. Chapter 2 describes South Carolina's pre-Revolutionary admiralty courts.
Criminal Courts
Brown, Richard Maxwell. "The Archives of Violence." American Archivist 41, no. 4 (1978): 431-44.
Chapin, Bradley. Criminal Justice in Colonial America, 1606-1660 Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1983. See pages 99-142.
Friedman, Lawrence M. Crime and Punishment in American History. New York: BasicBooks, 1993.
Klein, Philip. Prison Methods in New York State. New York: Columbia University Press, 1920.
Pound, Roscoe. Criminal Justice in America. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1998.
Scott, William B. Criminal Proceedings in Colonial Virginia: (Records of) fines, examination of criminals, trials of slaves, etc., from March 1710 (1711) to (1754). (Richmond County, Virginia). Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1984.
Bamman, Gale W., and Debbie W. Spero. Tennessee Divorces, 1797-1858: Taken from 750 Legislative Petitions and Acts. Thorndike, Mass.: Van Volumes Unlimited, 1990.
Basch, Norma. Framing American Divorce: From the Revolutionary Generation to the Victorians. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.
Bell, Carol W. Ohio Divorces: The Early Years, 1794-1947. Youngstown, Ohio: the author, 1994.
Blattner, Theresa. Divorces, Separations, and Annulments in Missouri, 1769 to 1850. Bowie, Md.: Heritage Books, 1992.
Buckley, Thomas E. The Great Catastrophe of My Life: Divorce in the Old Dominion. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. An examination of the 471 surviving divorce petitions to the Virginia legislature for the years 1786 to 1851.
Cohen, Sheldon S. "The Broken Bond: Divorce in Providence County, 1749-1809." Rhode Island History 44 (1985): 67-79.
Cohn, Henry S. "Connecticut's Divorce Mechanism, 1636-1969." American Journal of Legal History 14 (1970): 35-54.
Cott, Nancy F. Public Vows: A History of Marriage and the Nation. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002.
Hartog, Hendrik. Man and Wife in America: A History. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000.
Index to Divorce Cases of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit Court of Alabama, 1816-1918. Mobile: University of South Alabama Archives, 1994.
Kitchin, S. B. A History of Divorce. London: Chapman and Hall, 1912; reprint, Clark, N.J.: Lawbook Exchange, 2002. Online at http://www.lawbookexchange.com.
Phillips, Roderick. Untying the Knot: A Short History of Divorce [Abridged]. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Riley, Glenda. Divorce: An American Tradition. Lawrence: University of Nebraska Press, 1997.
Salmon, Marylynn. "Divorce and Separation." In Women and the Law of Property in Early America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.
Spratling, Benjamin B. "Court and Legal Records." Chapter 12 in Printed Sources: A Guide to Published Genealogical Records, edited by Kory L. Meyerink, 438-466. Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1998.
Stone, Lawrence. Road to Divorce: England, 1530-1987; Uncertain Unions: Marriage in England, 1660-1753; and Broken Lives: Separation and Divorce in England, 1660-1857. 3 vols. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1990-93.
Van Ness, James S. "On Untieing the Knot: The Maryland Legislature and Divorce Petitions." Maryland Historical Magazine 67 (1972): 171-75.
Winslow, Raymond A., Jr. Part II: "County Records." In North Carolina Research: Genealogy & Local History, edited by Helen F. M. Leary. Rev. Ed. Raleigh: North Carolina Genealogical Society, 1996.
Woolsey, Theodore D. Divorce and Divorce Legislation, Especially in the United States. 2nd ed. rev. New York: Chas Scribner's Sons, 1882; reprint, Clark, N.J.: Lawbook Exchange, 2001.
Federal, Confederate, and Territorial Courts
Beers, Henry Putsey. Guide to the Archives of the Government of the Confederate States of America. 1968.
Blume, William, and Elizabeth Gaspar Brown. Digests and Lists Pertaining to the Development of Law and Legal Institutions in the Territories of the United States: 1787-1954. 6 vols. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilm, 1965-79.
Chiroazzi, Michael, and Marguerite Most, eds. Prestatehood Legal Materials: A Fifty-State Research Guide, Including New York City and the District of Columbia. Vols. 1 and 2. Binghamton, N.Y.: Haworth Press, 2006.
Corriston, Mark A. "Discovering Frontier History Through Territorial Court Records." Prologue 21, no. 3 (Fall 1989): 222-29.
Klein, Fannie J. Federal and State Court Systems: A Guide. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Publishers, 1977.
McReynolds, Michael, comp. List of Pre-1840 Federal District and Circuit Court Records Located in Federal Record Centers. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1972. Special List, 31.
Szucs, Loretto Dennis, and Sandra Hargreaves Luebking. The Archives: A Guide to the National Archives Field Branches. Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1988.
Ulasek, Henry T., and Marion Johnson. Records of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Preliminary Inventory 116. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service, 1959.
Younger, Richard D. "The Grand Jury on the Frontier." Wisconsin Magazine of History (Autumn 1956): 3-8 ff. Not consecutive.
Wilson, Don W. "Federal Court Records in the Regional Archives System." Prologue 21, no. 3 (Fall 1989): 176-77.
Indian Court Records
Barr, Charles Butler. Records of the Choctaw-Chickasaw Citizenship Court Relative to Records of Enrollment of the Five Civilized Tribes, 1898-1907. Independence, Mo.: C. B. Barr, 1990.
Brown, Loren N. "The Choctaw-Chickasaw Court Citizens." Chronicles of Oklahoma 16-4 (1938): 425. Online at http://digital.library.okstate.edu/chronicles. Accessed 05 February 2006.
Compiled Laws of the Cherokee Nation. Tahlequah, Ind. Terr.: National Advocate Press, 1881; reprint, Clark, N.J.: Lawbook Exchange, 1998.
Ford, Jeanette W. "Federal Law Comes to Indian Territory." Chronicles of Oklahoma 58, no. 4 (1980-81): 432-39. Online at http://digital.library.okstate.edu/chronicles. Accessed 05 February 2006.
Harring, Sidney L., Frederick Hoxie (series editor), Neal Salisbury (series editor). Crow Dog's Case: American Indian Sovereignty, Trial Law, and United States Law in the Nineteenth Century (Studies in North American Indian History). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Addresses American Indian Law, the Creek Nation, Alaska, and more.
Hill, Edward E. Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service, 1984. This guide is well-indexed and gives specifics on the courts maintained by Indian agencies. The records themselves are not described in detail.
Indian Claims Commission. Vols. 30-43. Online at http://digital.library.okstate.edu. Accessed 05 February 2006.
Knight, Oliver. "Fifty Years of Choctaw Law, 1834-1884." Chronicles of Oklahoma 31, no. 1 (1953): 76. Online at http://digital.library.okstate.edu/chronicles. Accessed 05 February 2006.
Reid, John. A Law of Blood: The Primitive Law of the Cherokee Nation. New York: New York University Press, 1970.
Thompson, William P. "Courts of the Cherokee Nation." Chronicles of Oklahoma 2, no. 1 (1924): 63. Online at http://digital.library.okstate.edu/chronicles. Accessed 05 February 2006.
Laws, Statutes, Legal Terms
Abrams, Kerry. "Polygamy, Prostitution, and the Federalization of Immigration Law." Columbia Law Review 105, no. 3 (April 2005): 642-716. Online at http://www.columbialawreview.org.
Babbitt, Charles J. Hand-List of Legislative Sessions and Session Laws Statutory Revisions, Compilations, Codes, Etc., and Constitutional Conventions of the United States and its Possessions and of the Several States to May, 1912. Boston: Trustees of the State Library of Massachusetts, 1912; reprint, Clark, N.J., Lawbook Exchange, 2003.
Black, Henry Campbell. Black's Law Dictionary: Definitions of Terms and Phrases of American and English Jurisprudence, Ancient and Modern. 4th ed. St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing, 1951. Newer editions of Black's are published regularly but genealogists seem to prefer the Fourth Edition.
Bouvier, John. A Law Dictionary: Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States of America and of the Several States of the American Union. Rev. 6th ed. Online at http://www.constitution.org. Gives laws of states as of 1856. There were 18 editions to Bouvier, the last was published in 1914.
Bramwell, B. S. "Frequency of Cousin Marriages." Genealogists' Magazine 8 (1939): 305-16.
Burton, William C. Burton's Legal Thesaurus. New York: Macmillan Library Reference, 1998.
Chroust, Anton H. The Rise of the Legal Profession in America. 2 vols. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965.
Duhaime's Law Dictionary. Online at http://www.duhaime.org/Dictionary.. Current and common legal terms only.
Evans, Barbara Jean. The New A To Zax: A Comprehensive Genealogical Dictionary for Genealogists and Historians. 2nd ed. N.p., 1990.
Georgetown Law Library. The Historic State Codes Preserva tion Project. http://www.ll.georgetown.edu/states/historic_codes. Scanning early state codes printed 1840-1930. See website for a full list by state.
Hein, William S., and Co. Colonial Session Laws. Microfiche. Buffalo, N.Y.: William S. Hein, 2003.
Hein, William S., and Co. Session Laws of American States and Territories: A Compilation of All States and Territories, 1775-2003. Update 4: A Complete Checklist. Microfiche. Buffalo, N.Y.: William S. Hein, 2005.
Myrick, Shelby, Jr. "Legal Terminology in Genealogical Research in the U.S.A." Salt Lake City: World Conference on Records, 1969. Area 1-10. Includes a useful glossary with terms often omitted from modern dictionaries.
RIRC. Session Laws of the American States and Territories Prior to 1900. Westport, Conn.: Redgrave Information Resources, 1988.
Weiner, Carol Z. "Is a Spinster an Unmarried Woman?" American Journal of Legal History 21 (1977): 27-31.
Mining District Records
Greever, William S. The Bonanza West: The Story of the Western Rushes, 1848-1900. Moscow: University of Idaho Press, 1990.
Marshal, Thomas Maitland. "Miners Laws of Colorado." American Historical Review 25 (1919-20): 426.
Mucibabich, Darlene. Life in Western Mining Camps: Social and Legal Aspects, 1848-1872. Hicksville, N.Y.: Exposition Press, 1977.
Mumrey, Nolee. Early Mining Laws of Buckskin Joe. Boulder, Colo.: the author, 1961.
---. History and Proceedings of Buckskin Joe. Boulder, Colo.: the author, 1961.
Paul, Rodman W. Mining Frontiers of the Far West. An expanded edition by Elliott West. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2001.
Shinn, Charles H. Institutional Beginnings of a Western State. Johns Hopkins University Studies in History and Political Science, 2nd ser. Vol. 7. Baltimore, 1880. Discusses the lead mines of Iowa.
---. Mining Camps: A Study in American Frontier Government. 1884; reprint, Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1970. Includes an excellent description of the Spanish/Mexican legal system.
---. Land Laws of Mining Districts. Johns Hopkins University Studies in History and Political Science, 2nd ser. Vol. 12. Baltimore, 1884; reprint, Brooklyn, N.Y.: AMS Press, 1989.
Smith, Duane A. Rocky Mountain Mining Camps: The Urban Frontier. Niwot: University of Colorado Press, 1992.
Probate and Dower
Albright, Lee, and Helen F. M. Leary. "Designing Research Strategies." Chapter 2 in North Carolina Research: Genealogy and Local History, edited by Helen F. M. Leary. 2nd ed. Raleigh: North Carolina Genealogical Society, 1996.
Bernstein, Charles B. "Will and Probate Records in the United States." In Avotaynu Guide to Jewish Genealogy, edited by Sallyann Amdur Sack and Gary Mokotoff, 168-74. Bergenfield, N.J.: Avotaynu, 2004.
Devine, Donn. "The Widow's Dower Interest." Ancestry Magazine 12, no. 5 (September-October 1994): 20-22.
---. "Probate Records: An Underutilized Source." Ancestry Magazine 12, no. 3 (May-June 1994): 14-15.
Dorman, John Frederick. "Colonial Laws of Primogeniture." World Conference on Records, 1969 (Salt Lake City: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1969).
Greenwood, Val D. "Understanding Probate Records and Basic Legal Terminology," "What About Wills?" and "The Intestate." In The Researcher's Guide to American Genealogy. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2000.
Haskins, George L. "Curtesy in the United States." University of Pennsylvania Law Review 100 (1951): 196-223.
Hill, Ronald A. "Using Records to Understand Ancestral Motives: The Thwarted Will of Christopher Lean of Cornwall." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 92, no. 4 (December 2004): 269-84.
Jacobus, Donald Lines. "Probate Law and Custom." American Genealogist 9 (1932): 4-9.
Keim, Clarence Ray. "Primogeniture and the Law of Entail in Colonial Virginia." William and Mary Quarterly Series 3, 25 (October 1968): 546-86.
Morris, Richard B. Primogeniture and Entailed Estates in America. New York: Columbia University, 1927.
Remington, Gordon L. New York State Probate Records: A Genealogist's Guide to Testate and Intestate Records. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2002.
Shammas, Carole, Marylynn Salmon, and Michael Dahlin. Inheritance in America from Colonial Times to the Present. Galveston, Tex.: Frontier Press, 1997.
Southwick, Neal S. "The Coordinate Use of Wills and Deeds." Journal of Genealogy 2 (1973): 154-56.
Toms, Gary R., and William R. Gann. Widow's Dowers of Washington County, Tennessee 1803-1899. Milford, Ohio: Little Miami Publishing, 2004.
Regional and State Guides
Aiken, John. "New Netherlands Arbitration in the 17th Century." Arbitration Journal 29 (1974): 145.
Alaska State Archives. Record Group Inventory: District and Territorial Court System. Juneau: Alaska State Archives, Department of Administration, 1987.
Ames, Susie M., ed. County Court Records of Accomack-North-ampton, Virginia 1640-1645. University Press of Virginia, 1973.
Bailey, Robert E., et al., eds. A Summary Guide to Local Government Records in the Illinois Regional Archives. Springfield: Illinois State Archives, Office of the Secretary of State, 1992.
Bakken, Gordon Morris. "The Courts, the Legal Profession, and the Development of Law in Early California." [HTML] California History 2003. California Historical Society, San Francisco. Available from at Amazon.com, 1 January 2003, as an e-doc.
Barker, Bette Marie, et al., eds. Guide to Family History Sources in the New Jersey State Archives. Rev. ed. Trenton, N.J.: Division of Archives and Records Management, New Jersey Department of State, 1992.
Beckstead, Douglas S. The Judicial System in Utah: Organic Act to the Twentieth Century. Salt Lake City: Utah State Archives, 1988.
Bell, Carol Willsey. Ohio Guide to Genealogical Sources. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1988.
Brown, Richard Maxwell. The South Carolina Regulators. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1963.
Carroll, Mark M. Homesteads Ungovernable: Families, Sex, Race, and the Law in Frontier Texas, 1823-1860. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2001.
Chaulkey, Lyman. Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish Settlement in Virginia, Extracted From the Original Court Records of Augusta County, 1745. 3 vols. 1912; reprint, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1999.
Dolan, John P., and Lisa Lacher. Guide to Public Records of Iowa Counties. Des Moines, Iowa: Connie Wimer, 1986.
Edgerton, Keith. Montana Justice: Power, Punishment, & the Penitentiary. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2004.
Fielder, George. The Illinois Law Courts in Three Centuries 1673-1973: A Documentary History. Chicago: Physician's Record Co., 1973.
Ford, Jeanette W. "Federal Law Comes to Indian Territory." Chronicles of Oklahoma 58 (1980-81): 432-39.
Gagle, Diane VanSkiver. "Ohio Court Records." Ohio Geneal-ogical Society News 36, no. 6 (November/December 2005): 197-98.
Grivas, Theodore. Military Government in California, 1846-1850, With a Chapter on Their Prior Use in Louisiana, Florida and New Mexico. Glendale, Calif.: Arthur H. Clarke, 1963.
Guzik, Estelle M., ed. Genealogical Resources in the New York Metropolitan Area. New York: Jewish Genealogical Society, 1989.
---. Genealogical Resources in New York. New York: Jewish Genealogical Society, 2003.
Hogan, Roseann Reinemuth. Kentucky Ancestry: A Guide to Genealogical and Historical Research. Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1992.
Holcomb, Brent. Abstracts of South Carolina Wills. Easly, S.C.: Southern Historical Press, 1977.
Lang, Margaret. Early Justice in Sonora. N.p.: Mother Lode Press, 1963.
Leary, Helen F. M., ed. North Carolina Research: Genealogy and Local History. 2nd ed. Raleigh: North Carolina Genealogical Society, 1996.
Minnesota Historical Society Library and Archives Division. Genealogical Resources of the Minnesota Historical Society. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1989.
Mitchell, Thornton W. North Carolina Wills: A Testator Index, 1665-1900. Corrected and Revised Edition in One Volume. 4th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2001.
Morris, Richard B., ed. Select Cases of the Mayor's Court of New York City, 1674-1784. Washington, D.C.: American Historical Association, 1935; reprint, Millwood, N.Y.: Kraus Reprint Co., 1975.
McKnight. "The Spanish Legacy to Texas Law." American Journal of Legal History 3 (1959): 222, 229.
Padgett, Patricia Ann. "Legal Status of Women in Colonial Virginia, 1700-1785." MA thesis, College of William and Mary, 1967.
Peters, Joan W. Military Records, Patriotic Service, and Public Service Claims from the Fauquier County, Virginia, Court Minutes Books, 1759-1784. Westminster, Md.: Heritage Books, 2004.
Rapaport, Diane. New England Court Records: A Research Guide for Genealogists and Historians. Lexington, Mass.: Quill Pen Press, 2006.
Ray, Susanne Smith, et al., comps. A Preliminary Guide to the Pre-1904 County Records in the Archives Branch. Richmond: Virginia State Library and Archives, 1987.
Ride, Millard Millburn, ed. This Was the Life: Excerpts from the Judgment Records of Frederick County, Maryland 1748-1765. 1979; reprint, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1984.
Robinson, William M., Jr. Justice in Grey: A History of the Judicial System of the Confederate States of America. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1941.
Russell, George Ely. "Court Depositions and Affidavits as Evidence of Age in Maryland, 1637-1657." Maryland Magazine of Genealogy 2 (1979): 68-75.
Sanborn, Melinde Lutz. Ages from Court Records, 1636-1770: Essex, Middlesex, and Suffolk Counties, Massachusetts. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2003.
Scott, Kenneth, ed. New York Historical Manuscripts: Minutes of the Mayor's Court of New York, 1674-1675. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1983.
Snyder, Terri L. Brabbling Women: Disorderly Speech and the Law in Early Virginia. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2003.
Utley, Robert M. Lone Star Justice: The First Century of the Texas Rangers. New York: Berkeley Books, 2003.
Wiener, Frederick B. Civilians Under Military Justice: British Practice Since 1689, Especially in North America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.
Wolfe, William A., and Janet B. Wolfe. Names and Abstracts from the Acts of the Legislative Council of the Territory of Florida, 1822-1845. Tallahassee: Florida State Genealogical Society, 1991.
Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. Southern Honor: Ethics and Behavior in the Old South. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.
Slave Law and Court
Crawford, Paul. "A Footnote on Courts for Trial for Negroes in Pennsylvania." Journal of Black Studies 5 (December 1974): 167-74.
Hoffer, Peter Charles. The Great New York Conspiracy of 1741: Slavery, Crime, and Colonial Law. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2003.
Klebaner, Benjamin J. "American Manumission Laws and the Responsibility for Supporting Slaves." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 63 (1955): 443-53.
McPherson, Robert G. "Geor.gia Slave Trials, 1837-1849." American Journal of Legal History 4 (1960): 257-84; 364-77. Includes cases.
Missouri's Early Slave Laws: A History in Documents. Laws Concerning Slavery in Missouri, Territorial to 1850s. Online at http://www.sos.mo.gov/archives/education/aahi/earlyslavelaws/slavelaws.asp. Description of the Code Noirin Colonial Louisiana and the Black Code in the Missouri Territory.
Schafer, Judith Kelleher. Becoming Free, Remaining Free: Manumission and Enslavement in New Orleans, 1846-1862. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003.
Senesé, Donald J. "The Free Negro and the South Carolina Courts, 1790-1860." South Carolina Historical Magazine 68 (1967): 140-53, 265.
Steel, Edward M., Jr. "Black Monongalians: A Judicial View of Slavery and the Negro in Monongalia County, 1776-1865." West Virginia 34 (1972-73): 331-59.
Tushnet, Mark V. Slave Law in the American South: State v Mann in History and Literature. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2003.
Special Topics
Bramwell, B. S. "Frequency of Cousin Marriages." Genealogists' Magazine 8 (1939): 305-16.
Gordon, Sarah Barringer. The Mormon Question: Polygamy and Constitutional Conflict in Nineteenth Century America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 2002.
Miller, Alan N. Middle Tennessee's Forgotten Children. Apprentices from 1784 to 1902. Baltimore: Clearfield, 2004.
---. East Tennessee's Forgotten Children: Apprentices from 1778 to 1911. 2000; reprint, Baltimore: Clearfield, 2003.
Naanes, Ted, and Loretto D. Szucs. "Dead Men Do Tell Tales: Coroner's Records." Ancestry Magazine 12, no. 2 (March-April 1994): 6-11.
Naylor, Chris. "You have the body" Habeas Corpus Case Records of the U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Columbia, 1820-1863." Prologue 37, no. 3 (Fall 2005). Online at http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2005/fall/habeas-corpus.html.
Phillimore, W. P. W., and Edward A. Fry, comps. An Index to Changes of Name Under Authority of Act of Parliament...1760-1901. Phillimore, 1905; reprint, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1968.
---. "Terms of Relationship in Colonial Times." American Genealogist 55 (1979): 52-54.
Porter, Roy, and David Wright, eds. The Confinement of the Insane: International Perspectives, 1800-1965. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Provine, Dorothy. District of Columbia Indentures of Apprenticeship, 1801-1893. Lovettsville, Va.: Willow Bend Books, 1998.
Sanborn, Melinde Lutz. Ages from Court Records, 1636-1700, Essex, Middlesex, and Suffolk Counties, Massachusetts. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2003.


text: Well after taking advantage of the 'Free Canadian Records Weekend" at Ancestry a month or so ago; I decided to take the plunge. This past weekend Ancestry was offering 25% off membership fees and so I joined. I have uploaded my GenFile and have been checking the records that come up. I have busted through a brick wall and added family members to my tree, records to my files and already made a new contact with another distant cousin. I have come upon some other info that leads to Ireland and records in the U.S.A. for family there. I figure that once I have everything uploaded, records connected and downloaded, that maybe I will try an upgrade and get the world access for at least a month. I am enjoying the information, however there is a lot of mess to weed through too. As with normal research, you still have to check and verify everything. You can't assume other's have done so. Over all I have to say I am finding it worth while. I would encourage other's to join. However I would encourage it with the proviso that they have already done all the research they could on their own and have run out of lines to follow. I enjoy that the fact that there is a ground I have built on. So how about you, do you have the need for the tech of computer searches through Ancestry? Will they help you to fill out your tree and "Remember When....?


text:
Among The Clips That Viacom Sued Google Over, About 100 Were Uploaded By Viacom Itself
from the sorta-demonstrates-the-problem,-doesn't-it? dept
Viacom sued Google over clips it claimed were infringing, that Viacom purposely uploaded to YouTube.
That alone should show how ridiculous Viacom's claims are in this lawsuit. There is simply no way for Google to know if clips are uploaded legitimately or not. Oddly, however, the court has now allowed Viacom to withdraw those clips, but lawyers like Eric Goldman are questioning how this isn't a Rule 11 violation for frivolous or improper litigation. But, more importantly, it demonstrates that even Viacom has no idea which clips are infringing and which are authorized. Given that, how can it possibly say that it's reasonable for Google to know?


text:
Relevant EV-Information about all Electric Vehicles :
Electric Car, Electric Bicycle, Electric Scooter, Electric Motorcycle, Electric Golfcart, Electric Bus, Electric Truck, Electric Boat and Electric Airplane.
>> Then you'll find here all EV-Information !!! <<
* Websites, EV-Details and EV-Links from almost all EV-Manufacturers, EV-Dealers and other EV- Companies in the EV-Automotive and EV-Industry.
EV-Carbase with Electric Vehicles
EV-INFO.com is publishing the worlds biggest EV-Carbase with all Electric Vehicles on the entire web. You can search easily for almost all Manufacturer or Dealer of Electric Car, Electric Bicycle, Electric Scooter, Electric Motorcycle, Electric Truck, Electric Bus, Electric Golfcart, Electric Boat and Electric Airplane in a few clicks on just one website.
EV-Database with EV-Companies
In this EV-Database there more then 15.000 EV-Companies from all over the world who are involved with developing, manufacturing and selling all kind of Electric Vehicles or other new EV-Technologies. In the EV-Company list you can find all these companies and look at there EV-Profiles. If you click on the EV-Logo in the list, you will see there EV-Company details. Also you can be redirected directly to their website.
Dubuc Motors - Tomahawk
*** REMARK : To realise a clear and most correct EV-Database we can only
except EV-Companies who are in or related to the EV-Business.


text:
Reports out of Minnesota indicate that the Vikings will pursue trading Percy Harvin.
A serious MVP candidate at the halfway point last season, Harvin got the ultimate endorsement from the player who ended up winning MVP at season's end: his teammate Adrian Peterson.
"To be honest with you, I don't know if we will or not. But me, individually, and giving you my opinion, I wouldn't trade him for nothing," the Vikings' running back said Tuesday in an interview with KFAN-FM in Minneapolis. "To do the things that he's able to do, I don't think there will be a player able to do it better than him. Ever."
Harvin showcased that before severely injuring his left ankle on Nov. 4. Through eight and a half games, he recorded 62 catches for 677 receiving yards and three touchdown grabs while also carrying it 22 times for 96 rushing yards and another touchdown. He also had a 105-yard kickoff return for a touchdown, the fifth one in his four years in the NFL.
Until his setback in Seattle, Harvin led the league in all-purpose yards.
So why is Minnesota mulling a trade for the most versatile player in the NFL? More than likely, Harvin's reported rift with head coach Leslie Frazier has grown too large.
Sources have told Mike Max of WCCO in Minneapolis that GM Rick Spielman will in fact look to shop Harvin, and that may have something to do with a heated exchange in November with Frazier. The incident happened in front of teammates, and some may have been around when Harvin had a similar confrontation with former coach Brad Childress. The verbal spat with Frazier is also believed to be the real reason that Harvin was unexpectedly placed on injured reserve.
Harvin had expressed a desire to be traded last summer, but the Vikings never caved to his wishes.
Now, Pro Football Talk's Mike Florio is reporting that Harvin intends to hold out of the final year of his contract with the team unless he gets a new deal. The Vikings have to decide whether they want to sign him to a long-term deal that makes him one of the highest-paid receivers in the NFL or trade him. Harvin is in the last year of a deal that will pay him $2.9 million in 2013.
Harvin's departure may come as a result of rocky relationships, money or a combination of both. However, it's unlikely that the Vikings — 31st in the NFL in passing last season with a developing QB in Christian Ponder and an otherwise unimpressive receiving corps — wouldn't re-sign a player of Harvin's ability for other speculated reasons, such as Harvin being injury-prone.
Before last season, Harvin had only missed three games over three years and played the entire 2011 season. And while Harvin is believed to have suffered a torn ligament in his ankle, which is more severe than originally thought during the season, the recovery time is still only 4-6 weeks for what is considered a Grade 3 ankle sprain. Plus, Frazier confirmed on Feb. 5 that Harvin passed his exit physical.
Incredibly, it won't take much for Harvin to exit Minnesota as the Vikings are only asking for a third-round draft pick in exchange for Harvin, according to Ian Rapoport of NFL.com. Some would agree, including Peterson, that making that trade is like swapping the steak for the potatoes. Needless to say, there will be a lot of teams interested.
San Francisco may be the most likely destination for a few reasons: 1) The NFC champion's receiving corps is a big question mark this offseason. Mario Manningham and Kyle Williams are coming off serious knee injuries, and Randy Moss is unlikely to return. 2) The 49ers have 14, yes, 14 draft picks in the 2013 draft, and three of them happen to be in the third round. 3) Imagine Colin Kaepernick and Harvin in the pistol formation and on read-option handoffs. 4) The Niners can also offer backup QB Alex Smith, who is expected to be traded or released before April 1 anyways, and he can be an upgrade over Ponder for the Vikings. With the 49ers free of Smith's $8.5 million per year contract, that would give the team money to extend Harvin.
Still, San Francisco may balk on bringing Harvin to the west coast. Although trading Smith would give them money for Harvin in the present, the upcoming future may have the 49ers financially strapped. That's because Kaepernick can renegotiate his rookie deal after next year, and receiver Michael Crabtree has two years left on his.
There's also a few reasons why New England might acquire Harvin: 1) Harvin would be a great replacement for Wes Welker in the slot. 2) Welker and Brandon Lloyd may be gone, forcing the Patriots to search for playmakers at receiver next season. 3) Patriots coach Bill Belichick has publicly said he "loves" Harvin, most likely because of his versatility. 4) Belichick won't be deterred by Harvin's disputes with coaches.
Seattle is another potential landing spot for Harvin as his former offensive coordinator, Darrell Bevell, now holds the same position with the Seahawks.


text:
"Our churches are falsely accused of abolishing the Mass. The Mass is held among us and celebrated with the highest reverence. Nearly all the usual ceremonies are also preserved..."
So begins Article XXIV. Here's a rather unbiased observer's notes on what the Lutherans were up to back then. Musculous, the south German, writes:
Eisenach, May 14, 1536, Cantate Sunday: the so-called "Office of Mass" was held at 7:00. First the Introit "Cantate Domino" was sung in Latin by the teacher and school children, in the papistic fashion by the choir alone. Then the Kyrie, in which the organ played in alternation. Then a liturgist, dressed in papistic fashion, intoned at a papistically decorated altar the Gloria in Latin, which was continued by the choir and organist in alternation. Then the liturgist sang a so-called "Collect" in German with his face to the altar and his back to the people. Then he turned to the people and read a lesson in German from the letter of James. Then the organ was played again, and the choir intoned "Victimae Paschali" within which the congregation sang "Christ is Arisen." Then the liturgist sang the Gospel facing the people. Then the organ was played, upon which the congregation intoned "We all believe..." Then Justas Menius preached in street clothes. Then the Liturgist said a prayer. Then a brief admonition to communicants, then he sang the Words of Institution: first the bread, during which he elevated the host in papistic fashion while the people knelt, then the cup, which he likewise elevated after he had spoken the words. Then the organ was played and the Agnus Dei was sung in alternation by the choir. During this the Priest distributed the cup in street clothes. No men communed, and only a few women. After them the Liturgist communicated himself. First the bread was venerated, but not the cup, after which he carefully finished drinking and cleaned with newly poured wine so that no blood remained. After the Supper he sang a prayer facing the altar, then he sang a blessing facing the people. Then while the people exited the choir sang "Grant Peace, We Pray" in German. [Wolfgang Herbst, Evangelischer Gottesdienst: Quelle zu seiner Geschichte, Göttingen: Vanderhoeck & Ruprecht, 1992), pp. 104, 105.]
You can see why the AC was indignant that we had NOT abolished the mass! The south German Musculus was not impressed - thought the Lutherans looked entirely too "papistic." Sadly, he was neither the first nor the last to think so.
What is absent was the offertory and Canon of the ancient Roman Rite with their frequent stress on sacrifice. In the Lutheran Divine Service the accent shifted decidedly from sacrifice, with its from-us-to-God emphasis, to sacrament, with its from God-to-us emphasis. Rather than our offering to Him, it is His offering to us. After all, think of the very words that institute the Eucharist: "Take and EAT; Take and DRINK." Never "Take and Offer." Thus the Words of Institution were left standing alone to stress the gift nature of what the Mass was all about in the overwhelming majority of 16th century Lutheran liturgies (Sweden's being a marked exception, but still inside of its eucharistia accenting squarely the sacrament as gift from God to us).
What the Lutherans DID abolish - and were not about to apologize for getting rid of - was the SALE of masses, the private mass (where the priest alone communed), and the notion that the Mass was instituted to be a propitiatory sacrifice for actual sins (while Christ's atoning death on the cross covered original sins). Additionally, they especially abominated the idea that the priest performing the mass could apply that mass to the sins of the living or the dead to their benefit merely by performing the outward act!
Rather, the Lutheran Confessors stress the true use of the Sacrament. It is the impartation to us of Christ's once-for-all-time-upon-the-cross sacrifice as the sign and seal of that sacrifice availing for us. "Therefore the Mass was instituted so that those who use the Sacrament should remember, in faith, the benefits they receive through Christ and how their anxious consciences are cheered and comforted. To remember Christ is to remember His benefits." The person, anxious and troubled about their sin, is thus given unspeakable comfort in the gift of the Body and Blood that achieved sin's forgiveness and death's destruction, given specifically "for you, for forgiveness."
Since the Mass is established to give out this joyous comfort, the Lutherans freely confess:
"We have Communion every holy day, and if anyone desires the Sacrament, we also offer it on other days, when it is given to all who ask for it."
A century after the Reformation, in Magdeburg, the Sacrament was still being regularly celebrated and offered on each Lord's Day, each Tuesday, and each Thursday.
About the ceremonies, the Lutherans have little to quibble with: "We keep the public ceremonies, which are for the most part similar to those previously in use. Only the number of Masses differs." And that because the Lutherans allow for no private mass at all.
In sum: according to the Augsburg Confession, the Mass is diligently kept and reverently celebrated in the Lutheran parishes, and it is restored to the use for which it was instituted: bringing the comfort and joy of forgiveness to poor sinners.
One final note. Someone once said: "Yes, but that was descriptive, not prescriptive." Another friend, who is quite the Wag, agreed: "Yes, it is descriptive of what a LUTHERAN is; you are quite right." In the spirit of that comment, I close with words from the sainted C. F. W. Walther on the matter of ceremonies:
In an essay delivered to a district convention, Walther said:
"We refuse to be guided by those who are offended by our church customs. We adhere to them all the more firmly when someone wants to cause us to have a guilty conscience on account of them…. It is truly distressing that many of our fellow Christians find the difference between Lutheranism and Papism in outward things. It is a pity and a dreadful cowardice when one sacrifices the good ancient church customs to please the deluded American sects, lest they accuse us of being papistic (i.e., too catholic!). Indeed! Am I to be afraid of a Methodist, who perverts the saving Word, or be ashamed in the matter of my good cause, and not rather rejoice that the sects can tell by our ceremonies that I do not belong to them?"
We are not insisting that there be uniformity of perception or feeling or of taste among all believing Christians – neither dare anyone demand that all be minded as he is. Nevertheless it remains true that the Lutheran liturgy distinguishes Lutheran worship from the worship of other churches to such an extend that the houses of worship of the latter look like lecture halls in which the hearers are addressed or instructed (NOTE: if he were writing today, he'd no doubt add: they look like movie theatres in which the hearers are entertained!), while our churches are in truth houses of prayer in which Christians serve the great God publicly before the world. (Essays for the Church, Volume 1, p. 194 (St. Louis, CPH, 1992).
P.S. The Augsburg Confession and Apology use the word "Mass" in a neutral way to refer to the liturgy of the Divine Service observed in its traditional manner. The Smalcald Articles speak quite polemically against the "Mass" but intend especially the Mass as practiced under the Pope as an atoning sacrifice for the sins of the living and the dead in which the Church joins Christ in making His sacrifice.
Monday, September 10, 2007
Roundtable 25: The Mass
"Our churches are falsely accused of abolishing the Mass. The Mass is held among us and celebrated with the highest reverence. Nearly all the usual ceremonies are also preserved..."
Posted by William Weedon at 7:23 PM
13 comments:
- Paul T. McCain said...
Here is the Roman response to this article, from the Confutation of the Augsburg Confession:
Whatever in this article is stated concerning the most holy office of the mass that agrees
with the Holy Roman and Apostolic Church is approved, but whatever is added that is contrary
to the observance of the general and universal orthodox Church is rejected, because it
grievously offends God, injures Christian unity, and occasions dissensions, tumults and
seditions in the Holy Roman Empire. Now, as to these things which they state in the article:
First, it is displeasing that, in opposition to the usage of the entire Roman Church, they
perform ecclesiastical rites not in the Roman but in the German language, and this they
pretend that they do upon the authority of St. Paul, who taught that in the Church a
language should be used which is understood by the people, 1 Cor. 14:19. But if this were
the meaning of the words of St. Paul, it would compel them to perform the entire mass in
German, which even they do not do. But since the priest is a person belonging to the entire
Church, and not only to his surroundings, it is not wonderful that the priest celebrates
the mass in the Latin language in a Latin Church. It is profitable to the hearer, however,
if he hear the mass in faith of the Church; and experience teaches that among the Germans
there has been greater devotion at mass in Christ's believers who do not understand the
Latin language than in those who today hear the mass in German. And if the words of the
apostle be pondered, it is sufficient that the one replying occupy the place of the
unlearned to say Amen, the very thing that the canons prescribe. Neither is it necessary
that he hear or understand all the words of the mass, and even attend to it intelligently;
for it is better to understand and to attend to its end, because the mass is celebrated in
order that the Eucharist may be offered in memory of Christ's passion. And it is an argument
in favor of this that, according to the general opinion of the fathers, the apostles and
their successors until the times of the Emperor Hadrian celebrated the mass in the Hebrew
language alone, which was indeed unknown to the Christians, especially the converted heathen
. But even if the mass had been celebrated in the primitive Church in a tongue understood by
the people, nevertheless this would not be necessary now, for many were daily converted who
were ignorant of the ceremonies and unacquainted with the mysteries; and hence it was of
advantage for them to understand the words of the office; but now Catholics imbibe from
their cradles the manners and customs of the Church, whence they readily know what should be
done at every time in the Church. Moreover, as to their complaints concerning the abuse of
masses, there is none of those who think aright but does not earnestly desire that the
abuses be corrected. __But that they who wait at the altar live of the altar is not an abuse
, but pertains equally to both divine and human law.__ "Who goeth a warfare any time at his
own charge?" says Paul. "Do ye not know that they which minister about holy things live of
the things of the temple? and they which wait at the altar are partakers with the altar?"
1 Cor 9:7, 13. Christ says: "The laborer is worthy of his hire." Luke 10:7. But worthy of
censure, above all things, is the discontinuance of the private mass in certain places, as
though those having fixed and prescribed returns are sought no less than the public masses
on account of gain. But by this abrogation of masses the worship of God is diminished, honor
is withdrawn from the saints, the ultimate will of the founder is overthrown and defeated,
the dead deprived of the rights due them, and the devotion of the living withdrawn and
chilled. Therefore the abrogation of private masses cannot be conceded and tolerated.
Neither can their assumption be sufficiently understood that Christ by his passion has made
satisfaction for original sin, and has instituted the mass for actual sin; for this has
never been heard by Catholics, and very many who are now asked most constantly deny that
they have so taught. For the mass does not abolish sins, which are destroyed by repentance
as their peculiar medicine, but abolishes the punishment due sin, supplies satisfactions,
and confers increase of grace and salutary protection of the living, and, lastly, brings the
hope of divine consolation and aid to all our wants and necessities. Again, their
insinuations that in the mass Christ is not offered must be altogether rejected, as
condemned of old and excluded by the faithful. For Augustine says this was a very ancient
heresy of the Arians, who denied that in the mass an oblation was made for the living and
the dead. For this is opposed both to the Holy Scriptures and the entire Church. For through
Malachi the Lord predicted the rejection of the Jews, the call of the Gentiles and the
sacrifice of the evangelical law: "I have no pleasure in you, he saith, neither will I
accept an offering at your hand. For from the rising of the sun, even unto the going down of
the same, my name shall be great among the Gentiles, and in every place incense shall be
offered unto my name and a pure offering." Mal 1:10, 11. But no pure offering has already
been offered to God in every place, except in the sacrifice of the altar of the most pure
Eucharist. This authority St. Augustine and other Catholics have used in favor of the mass
against faithless Jews, and certainly with Catholic princes it should have greater
influence than all objections of the adversaries. Besides, in speaking of the advent of the
Messiah the same prophet says: "And he shall purify the sons of Levi, and purge them as gold
and silver, that they may offer unto the Lord an offering in righteousness. Then shall the
offering of Judah and Jerusalem be pleasant unto the Lord, as in the days of old and as in
former years," Mal. 3:3, 4. Here in the spirit the prophet foresaw the sons of Levi - i.e.
evangelical priests, says Jerome - about to offer sacrifices, not in the blood of goats, but
in righteousness, as in the days of old. Hence these words are repeated by the Church in
the canon of the mass under the influence of the same Spirit under whose influence they were
written by the prophet. The angel also said to Daniel: "Many shall be purified and made
white and tried; but the wicked shall do wickedly, and none of the wicked shall understand.
" And again: "The wise shall understand; and from the time that the daily sacrifices shall
be taken away, and the abomination that maketh desolate set up, there shall be a thousand
two hundred and ninety days," Dan. 12:10, 11. Christ testifies that this prophecy is to be
fulfilled, but that it has not been as yet fulfilled, Matt. 24:15. Therefore the daily
sacrifice of Christ will cease universally at the advent of the abomination - i.e. of
Antichrist - just as it has already ceased, particularly in some churches, and thus will be
unemployed in the place of desolation - viz. when the churches will be desolated, in which
the canonical hours will not be chanted or the masses celebrated or the sacraments
administered, and there will be no altars, no images of saints, no candles, no furniture.
Therefore all princes and faithful subjects of the Roman Empire ought to be encouraged
never to admit or pass over anything that may aid the preparers of Antichrist in attaining
such a degree of wickedness, when the woman - i.e. the Catholic Church - as St. John saw in
the Spirit, will flee into the wilderness, where she will have a place prepared of God,
that she may be nourished there twelve hundred and sixty days, Rev. 12:6. Finally, St. Paul
says, Heb. 5:1: "Every high priest taken from among men is ordained for men in things
pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins." But since the
external priesthood has not ceased in the new law, but has been changed to a better,
therefore even today the high priest and the entire priesthood offer in the Church an
external sacrifice, which is only one, the Eucharist. To this topic that also is applicable
which is read, according to the new translation, in Acts 13:1, 2: Barnabas, Simeon, Lucius
of Cyrene, Manaen and Saul sacrificed - i.e. they offered an oblation, which can and ought
justly to be understood not of an oblation made to idols, but of the mass, since it is
called by the Greeks liturgy. And that in the primitive Church the mass was a sacrifice the
holy fathers copiously testify, and they support this opinion. For Ignatius, a pupil of St.
John the Apostle, says: "It is not allowable without a bishop either to offer a sacrifice
or to celebrate masses." And Irenaeus, a pupil of John, clearly testifies that "Christ
taught the new oblation of the New Testament, which the Church, receiving from the apostles,
offers to God throughout the entire world." This bishop, bordering upon the times of the
apostles, testifies that the new evangelical sacrifice was offered throughout the entire
world. Origin, Cyprian, Jerome, Chrysostom, Augustine, Basil, Hilary, etc., teach and
testify the same, whose words for brevity's sake are omitted. Since, therefore, the Catholic
Church throughout the entire Christian world has always taught, held and observed as it
today holds and observes, the same ought today to be held and observed inviolably. Nor does
St. Paul in Hebrews oppose the oblation of the mass when he says that by one offering we
have once been justified through Christ. For St. Paul is speaking of the offering of a
victim - i.e. of a bloody sacrifice, of a lamb slain, viz. upon the cross - which offering
was indeed once made whereby all sacraments, and even the sacrifice of the mass, have their
efficacy. Therefore he was offered but once with the shedding of blood - viz. upon the
cross; today he is offered in the mass as a peace making and sacramental victim. Then he
was offered in a visible form capable of suffering; today he is offered in the mass veiled
in mysteries, incapable of suffering, just as in the Old Testament he was sacrificed
typically and under a figure. Finally, the force of the word shows that the mass is a
sacrifice, since "mass" is nothing but "oblation," and has received its name from the Hebrew
word misbeach, altar - in Greek thysiasterion, on account of the oblation. It has been
sufficiently declared above that we are justified not properly by faith, but by love. But if
any such statement be found in the Holy Scriptures, Catholics know that it is declared
concerning fides formata, which works by love (Gal. 5), and because justification is begun
by faith, because it is the substance of things hoped for. Heb. 11:1. Neither is it denied
that the mass is a memorial of Christ's passion and God's benefits, since this is approved
by the figure of the paschal lamb, that was at the same time a victim and a memorial, Ex.
12:13, 14, and is represented not only by the Word and sacraments, but also by holy postures
and vestments in the Catholic Church; but to the memory of the victim the Church offers
anew the Eucharist in the mysteries to God the Father Almighty. Therefore the princes and
cities are not censured for retaining one common mass in the Church, provided they do this
according to the sacred canon, as observed by all Catholics. But in abrogating all other
masses they have done what the Christian profession does not allow. Nor does any one censure
the declaration that of old all who were present communed. Would that all were so disposed
as to be prepared to partake of this bread worthily every day! But if they regard one mass
advantageous, how much more advantageous would be a number of masses, of which they
nevertheless have unjustly disapproved. When all these things are properly considered we
must ask them to altogether annul and repudiate this new form of celebrating the mass that
has been devised, and has been already so frequently changed, and to resume the primitive
form for celebrating it according to the ancient rite and custom of the churches of Germany
and all Christendom, and to restore the abrogated masses according to the ultimate will of
their founders; whereby they would gain advantage and honor for themselves and peace and
tranquility for all Germany.
The Confutatio Pontificia:
In Reference to the Matters Presented To His Imperial Majesty
by the Elector Of Saxony and Some Princes and States of the Holy Roman Empire,
On the Subject and Concerning Causes Pertaining to the Christian Orthodox Faith,
the Following Christian Reply Can Be Given
August 3, 1530
Edited by J. M. Reu.
Published in
The Augsburg Confession, A Collection of Sources
Ft. Wayne, IN: Concordia Theological Seminary Press),
pp. 349-383.
- September 11, 2007 at 4:31 AM
- Bror Erickson said...
I really wonder at times why the every Sunday communion movement hasn't caught on a bit more. It is both Biblical and confessional. I've heard some pastors say that it is legalistic to say that you should have communion every Sunday. But then I wonder what their reaction to the admonition to preach the Gospel every Sunday is? Is that also legalistic? You cannot, if you have a Lutheran understanding of the Lord's Supper, divorce it from the Gospel. It is part and parcel of the Gospel. By celebrating the Lord's Supper, you also proclaim the Gospel, even if you forgot to in your sermon.
Every year I have a couple Sundays of vacation. In both cases this year I was denied communion. It simply wasn't offered where I went to church on those Sundays. In both cases I also missed the Gospel in the sermon. I'm not saying it wasn't there. I just happened to have missed it if it was. I wonder if that was just coincidence, though?
- September 12, 2007 at 8:00 AM
- William Weedon said...
Amen. I think the legalism runs in a pastor or parish determining that on a given Lord's day they will DENY communion to those who might want it. By offering the Sacrament each week no one is forced into taking it; but by refusing to celebrate the sacrament there are certainly poor sinners who would take it who are then denied.
Still, I dare say, we probably have weekly Eucharist in more parishes at present in the LCMS than at any time in our whole history. May their numbers increase!
Reminds me too of a funny I heard one year at Valpo's liturgical institute. A pastor was serving as vacancy in a church that didn't celebrate the Sacrament each week. His sermon began by him singing: "Where is the feast of victory for our God?" ;) They got the message. They wanted to talk about it. He said: "Nope. Let's just DO it. THEN we can talk about it based on our experience of it." At the end of six months or so he asked if anyone had anything they wanted to ask or say about the practice. The only response? "Why didn't we ever do this before???"
- September 12, 2007 at 12:53 PM
- Bror Erickson said...
I would have to agree with you on all points. There definately are more churches now celebrating weekly communion than there have been before.
The First change I made in my first parish was to go to weekly communion. My elders asked how often I wanted to celebrate communion. I said every week. They were on board with me, but I soon found out, not everyone in the congregation was. However, I convinced them to table the discussion for three months, in which I catechized, and we celebrated every week. At the end of three months, the majority of the congregation was definately for every Sunday Communion.
It may be anecdotal, and I know spiritual health can be a hard thing to monitor. But I blame all the positive changes that subsequently happened in this congregation, such as growth in number, and appreciation for the liturgy, God's word, and Lutheran heritage, squarely on the head of our weekly celebration of communion.
I hear many pastors say they are waiting for someone in their congregation to bring it up. But then I hear many in their congregations lament that their pastor doesn't bring it up! I feel sorry for those congregations, and the members that are denied communion. I've even heard some lay people say they brought it up, but the pastor was too scared to follow through with naything. That is a shame.
- September 12, 2007 at 3:20 PM
- Paul T. McCain said...
The claim that it is "legalism" to have every Sunday communion is, simply put, absurd.
If congregations ever told congregants they are REQUIRED to take communion every Sunday, that would be legalism.
But OFFERING it every Sunday is just that...offering it to those who desire it.
It is legalism to deprive those who desire the Lord's Supper on every Lord's day of that opportunity.
The single best resource on this issue is, "The Blessings of Weekly Communion" by Kenneth Wieting. If, after prayerful study of that book, any Lutheran still doesn't understand the blessings of weekly communion...I honestly would have to wonder if they really understand the Gospel.
- September 12, 2007 at 3:35 PM
- William Weedon said...
And this is something that Luther saw with utter clarity that is so often missed today:
"For this sacrament IS the Gospel."
A good friend once complained about pastors substituting Lord's Supper talk for Calvary. But you can't separate the two: the Lord's Supper IS Calvary delivered into your mouth; forgiveness poured down your gullet.
- September 12, 2007 at 7:27 PM
- Mike Baker said...
1. I find it interesting that the primary abuse identified here is what brings all of the errors surrounding departed saints full circle. Article XXI points out the error that says, "Dead men help bail us out." Article XXIV points out the error that says, "We can bail out dead men." When I read the two abuses side by side, they seem connected by man's desire to retain control through salvation by his merits.
2. "For none are admitted except they be first examined." AC XXIV:7
Question: What did this examination look like at the time of the Augsburg Confession?
3. It is a source of personal frustration that the US military seems to think that Christian serveicmembers are either going to be Roman Catholic or Protestant on Sunday. There are usually frustrated groans in the room when you try to explain that you are really neither and that your worship services are not like those two inadequate choices.
...And when you say that you would like to go elsewhere to a place where the Gospel is purely preached and the Sacraments are rightly administered, most surperiors look at you like you are some kind of koolaid-drinking crazy person. Sometimes it is almost funny:
"The LCMS?!? Baker, are you in some kind of cult?"
"...one holy, catholic, and apostoli-whatsit?"
On the plus side, I guess it gives me a chance to confess the truth God's Word during the quarterly Diet that gets called on my account. :P
- September 13, 2007 at 7:11 AM
- Bror Erickson said...
Are you a chaplain or a lay member of the Armed forces?
I was enlisted for four years, went two years without communing while living in Itally. Well I might have communed a couple times at that "Lutheran Service" they had on the third Thursday of the month. (I didn't ask questions about the celebrants, and the only people who cared to go to it were LCMS.)
But being in the service is hard, when it comes to balancing that with being a confessional Lutheran. Even though our theology prepares us better than any other theology could possibly think of doing for military service. My other Christian friends in the military had serious qualms about being "soldiers.' They were deeply conflicted, so were a lot of chaplains. But what makes it hard is the military's absolute blindness to any differences between "protestants." And it is even harder to be a Lutheran chaplian in these circumstances. Because for all they drill in you about integrity in basic or in officer school, the chaplain cadre has no use for it (integrity).
That said I have met many excellent LCMS Chaplains and thought of joining their ranks at one time. My hat is off to them.
Keep you convictions in the end Christ is all you have.
- September 15, 2007 at 7:06 AM
- William Weedon said...
On #1, though the Eucharist was instituted to be received, still we don't want to lose St. Paul's (and Dr. Luther's) vibrant sense of the unity of the Church through the Eucharist. St. Paul ponders this in numerous places, but above all in 1 Cor. 10. Here are some ponderings from Luther on this:
For to everyone who believes through the word of the Apostles, the promise is given for Christ's sake and by the power of this prayer, that he shall be one body and one loaf with all Christians; that what happens to him as a member for good or for ill, shall happen to the whole body for good or ill, and not only one or two saints, but all the prophets, martyrs, apostles, all Christians, both on earth and in heaven, shall suffer and conquer with him, shall fight for him, help, protect, and save him, and shall undertake for him such a gracious exchange that they will all bear his sufferings, want, and afflictions and he partake of their blessings, comfort, and joy.
How could a man wish for anything more blessed than to come into this fellowship or brotherhood, and be made a member of this body, which is called Christendom? For who can harm or injure a man who has this confidence, who knows that heaven and earth and all the angels and saints will cry to God when the smallest suffering befalls him?
--Sermon on John 17 (1528), cited in *Day by Day We Magnify Thee* page 353
I think this vibrant sense of the communion of saints needs to be strengthened in our Eucharistic teaching without slipping into the sort of thinking the AC excoriates.
2. The examination took place in the form of private confession, in which a pastor might do a bit of exploration about WHY a person wanted to come to the Supper (do they know what it is and what God wishes to give them there?) and also invite confession of any sins that are troubling them, over which the absolution would be spoken.
3. About the military - AMEN! Sooner or later the US government will realize that Lutherans are not just a peculiar variety of one-size-fits-all protestants!!!
- September 15, 2007 at 9:44 AM
- Mike Baker said...
To answer Bror's question:
I am a member of the LCMS laity and an enlisted Soldier in the Army.
Being in the military has helped to refine my understanding of Christian vocation. The teachings of the Army walk in lock step with Christian truths on more occasions than I can count. I think it is because both Christians and Soldiers are organizations of imperfect individuals who are keenly focused on the life-or-death reality of this world every minute of every day. I could devote an entire blog to the similarities if I had the time and inclination so I will stop here since this forum topic is the Confessions.
Rev Weedon, how would you suggest that the vibrant sense of the communion of the saints be strengthened among us?
- September 21, 2007 at 8:36 AM
- William Weedon said...
Well, one thing is for sure - we won't be able to strengthen that sense without mentioning it in the liturgy. Not just once a year on All Saints, but frequently. Indeed, weekly! At bare minimum it seems to me that we ought to remember to thank God for the company of saints that surround us as a great cloud of witnesses in the Prayer of the Church. For example, tonight and tomorrow at St. Paul's, the Prayer of the Church will include this petition: "For the faithful who have gone before us and with whom in the Lord Jesus we are one, let us give thanks and praise, asking Him to bring us to share with them the unending joys of His heavenly feast."
It isn't honoring the saints (as our Symbols say we teach should be done) if we forget to mention them week after week! We honor them when we acknowledge that we are standing with them and they with us, the great crowd surrounding the Lamb Who Once Was Slain and who now sits upon the throne and lives and reigns to all eternity!
- September 22, 2007 at 2:48 PM
- William Weedon said...
Oh, and many, many times at St. Paul's we remember them using this petition:
"Holy Father, in communion with the whole Church we give You thanks for Your saints, in whom You have given us a mirror of Your mercy and grace. We praise You especially for the Blessed Virgin Mary and for Saints Peter and Paul and all Your martyrs. Give us grace to walk before you with faith like theirs and grant us a share in their heavenly fellowship. Lord, in Your mercy, R."
If there is a saint that has come in the reading for a particular Sunday, we often remember him or her in the thanksgiving by name as well.
- September 22, 2007 at 2:50 PM
- Frank Sonnek said...
awesome stuff guys!
I might add as a layman... I can read my bible at home. Many use that as a copout to not go to church. WHERE alone can i get christs body and blood.
It would be great to see churches offer the lords supper reflexively whenever they meet for prayer, morning and evening prayer... wed night evening prayer..... as in "this is simply what we do when we get together as church." maybe even before midweek elders and church counsel meetings...
- November 25, 2007 at 2:04 PM
- antichrist (1)
- justification (1)
- papacy (1)
- Roundtable 4: Original Sin (1)
- Roundtable Post (2)
- Th (1)


text: FRANKFURT, Germany - March 31st, 2014 - As of today, both TAM Airlines and US Airways no longer form part of the Star Alliance network. The decision of the two airlines to leave the Alliance follows the completion of their respective mergers and was the expected result of the continued consolidation within the airline industry."Both TAM and US Airways played their role in successfully developing Star Alliance into the world's most experienced airline Alliance. For this I would like to thank the management of both companies and their employees, who delivered the Star Alliance customer promises on an ongoing and consistent basis," said Mark Schwab, CEO Star Alliance.In North America, Star Alliance maintains its strong customer proposition with member carriers Air Canada and United offering more than 38,000 weekly flights to more than 290 destinations in Canada, Mexico and the USA. Taken together, the 22 Star Alliance member carriers who provide international connections to this region continue to offer passengers more flights and more destinations to, from and within North America than any other alliance.With 12 Star Alliance carriers flying to Brazil, the Alliance holds the number one spot in terms of airlines serving Latin America's largest aviation market. Customers can opt to travel internationally on the Star Alliance network from 11 airports in Brazil, from where our member airlines offer direct services to destinations in North and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. By connecting through Star Alliance hubs in these regions, passengers gain access to the worldwide network provided by the 26 member airlines that in total offer more than 18,000 daily flights to 1,269 airports in 193 countries.Looking beyond Brazil into overall Central and South America, Star Alliance offers a comprehensive network of flights centred on the hubs on member carriers Avianca (Bogota, Lima and San Salvador) and Copa Airlines (Bogota and Panama). In total, the 12 member airlines serving this region offer more than 7,500 weekly flights within, to and from Central and South America, connecting some 142 destinations in 39 countries."Global reach is one of our key customer promises and our network offer across the Americas is a very strong customer proposition, especially in terms of international travel," Schwab said. "As we announced in December, we plan to expand our network in the region further by adding the services of Avianca Brasil."Following TAM and US Airways' decision to leave Star Alliance, all parties had agreed to effect a smooth transition which would minimise the impact on customers and to guarantee their benefits for as long as possible. As of today, March 31st, 2014, neither TAM nor US Airways will be offering Star Alliance Gold customer benefits, such as lounge access, increased baggage allowance or mileage collection and redemption. By the same token, TAM or US Airways status customers will not be offered these benefits when travelling on the Star Alliance network. Customers who hold Star Alliance Gold status with TAM will be offered the opportunity to maintain their Star Alliance benefits. For further details please see: StarAllianceGold.staralliance.comPassengers holding tickets issued prior to March 31st for travel on either TAM (JJ or PZ) or US Airways (US) can fly as booked, but without receiving the enhanced Gold and Silver benefits. Likewise, all Star Alliance member carriers will accept TAM or US Airways customers holding tickets for travel issued prior to March 31st, without offering the alliance benefits.Note: In some cases individual member carriers will maintain bilateral relationships with either TAM or US Airways. In these cases certain benefits may be provided on a purely bilateral basis. These will not include the full scope of benefits Star Alliance offers across its network


text:
Lots of Conferences
This is the start of a very busy spring season for me. I will be speaking over all Massachusetts. Three of the dates are conferences: The New England Family History Conference in Franklin in March; The New England Regional Genealogical Conference (NERGC) in Springfield in April; and the Worcester Public Library Genealogy Conference at the end of April.
New Topics, New Talks
I have a few new talks this spring in case anyone is looking for a speaker. They are all about social media for genealogists. This is rapidly becoming an important and popular topic for online genealogists.
My new talks are:
- "What is a Blog Anyway?" - Everything a genealogist needs to know about blogging.
- "Facebook and Twitter for Genealogists" - This is an introduction to these social media sites.
- "Advanced Facebook Tips for Genealogists" - This is for genealogists who are comfortable with Facebook but want to take it to the next level.
I still have to put the new talks up on my website but they are available for booking now. I will be giving "What is a Blog Anyway?" at the Massachusetts Genealogical Council Annual Seminar in July.
Anyone who is interested in attending one of my talks can check my schedule for times and locations.
If there are any groups or organizations looking for a speaker I am available to speak throughout the Northeast United States. I may even head down to Florida this summer but the dates are still a little up in the air so I'm holding off scheduling anything just yet.
If you are attending any of the conferences mentioned above I hope you will be sure to stop by and introduce yourself if we haven't met already. For me, one of the best parts of speaking is getting to me lots of genealogists from many different places.
See you on the road!