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A world within a tumour – new study shows just how complex cancer can be
When I used to work at a cancer charity, I would often hear people asking why there isn't a cure yet. This frustration is understandable. Despite the billions of dollars and pounds that go into cancer research, and the decades since a war on cancer was declared, the "cure" remains elusive.
There is a good reason for that: cancer is really, really hard.
It is a puzzle of staggering complexity. Every move towards a solution seems to reveal yet another layer of mystery.
For a start, cancer isn't a single disease, so we can dispense with the idea of a single "cure". There are over 200 different types, each with their own individual quirks. Even for a single type – say, breast cancer – there can be many different sub-types that demand different treatments. Even within a single subtype, one patient's tumour can be very different from another's. They could both have very different sets of mutated genes, which can affect their prognosis and which drugs they should take.
Even in a single patient, a tumour can take on many guises. Cancer, after all, evolves. A tumour's cells are not bound by the controls that keep the rest of our body in check. They grow and divide without restraint, picking up new genetic changes along the way. Just as animals and plants evolve new strategies to foil predators or produce more offspring, a tumour's cells can evolve new ways of resisting drugs or growing even faster.
Now, we know that even a single tumour can be a hotbed of diversity. Charles Swanton from Cancer Research UK's London Research Institute discovered this extra layer of complexity by studying four kidney cancers at an unprecedented level of detail. He showed that the cells from one end of the tumour can have very different genetic mutations to the cells at the other end.
These are not trivial differences. These mutations can indicate a patient's prognosis, and they can affect which drugs a doctor decides to administer. The bottom line is that a tumour is not a single entity. It's an entire world.
This is one of the tumours that Swanton worked with. It was removed from the kidney of a patient being treated for cancer London's Royal Marsden hospital. Swanton's team took nine samples from different parts of the fist-sized mass, as well as other places where it had spread to – the space around the kidney and the patient's chest.
Swanton found that even the primary tumour was surprisingly varied. He found 128 mutations among the various samples, but only a third of these were common to all of them. A quarter of the mutations were "private" ones – unique to a single sample.
The tumour had also split down two evolutionary lines. One area – part of R4 in the picture – had doubled its usual tally of chromosomes and seeded all the secondary tumours in the patient's chest. The other branch had spawned the rest of the primary tumour. Even though this tumour looks like a single mass, whose cells all descended from a common ancestor, its different parts arehave all evolved independently of one another.
For example, Swanton found that only one known kidney cancer gene – VHL – was consistently mutated throughout the samples. It was the only one present in the "trunk" of the tumour's evolutionary tree (the blue line in the image below). The two main branches each picked up their own mutations. However, Swanton also found signs of convergent evolution, where different populations hit on the same adaptations on their own. In this case, three separate parts of the main tumour had disabled the same gene – SETD2 – in different and independent ways.
Three other kidney tumours showed the same degree of bewildering variety and convoluted history.
Darryl Shibata, a cancer geneticist from the University of Southern California, compares Swanton's approach to the standard medical practice of taking a patient's history. "By listening to a patient, a wise MD can just about predict what they will find on lab tests," he explains. "An MD who simply orders tests will get back a baffling list of abnormal findings." Likewise, reconstructing the evolutionary history of a tumour can make sense of the baffling array of mutations it contains. "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution," adds Shibata, quoting the famous biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky.
Swanton's study has big implications for the way we study cancers, and could help to explain many of the failures and difficulties that clinicians have faced.
Consider the biomarker problem. For decades, scientists have tried to find molecules that could give away the presence of a cancer, how aggressive it is, what its weaknesses are, and more. They've identified tens of thousands of candidates, but only a hundred or so are actually used in practice.
Swanton thinks that this is because people often look for biomarkers after taking a single biopsy of a tumour. That's potentially misleading. The biomarker might only be relevant to a tiny bit of a tumour, rather than the whole thing. For example, in one of his patients, Swanton found genetic signatures associated with both good and poor prognosis in different parts of a single tumour. "To identify a robust biomarker, that biomarker must be present in all biopsies of the same tumour," he explains. "A biomarker in the trunk is going to be better than a biomarker in the branches."
The same goes for treatments. "Personalised medicine" is the next big thing in cancer. This term refers to drugs and treatments that target the specific milieu of faults within an individual patient's tumour. But of course, a tumour isn't a single thing. If you target mutations on the branches, you only hit parts of the tumour. Even worse, you leave a big "evolutionary reservoir" of unaffected cells, which can adapt to the drugs you're using and grow anew. A tumour is like the mythical hydra. If you cut off a head, more will grow back; you need to kill the entire body.
This could explain why many current treatments eventually stop working. "We deal with patients, day in and day out, whose disease initially benefits from chemotherapy but who develop resistance over time," says Swanton. "The only way you can fathom how a tumour can be one step ahead of the clinician at all times is through this type of diversity and Darwinian selection." To get around this problem, scientists will need to find the "driver mutations" that are present in all parts of a tumour, in its trunk rather than its branches. These will present the most inviting targets for drugs.
Swanton's results could also explain why kidney cancer patients fare better if surgeons remove their main tumour, even if their cancer has spread. "It may be that by removing the evolutionary sink of diversity, you improve a patient's outcomes," says Swanton. "There's less material for the tumour to adapt with in response to environmental pressures."
The study could also cause problems for scientists who are trying to decipher "cancer genomes". By identifying the full suite of mutations behind any individual tumour, they hope to better understand how cancers develop and what their weaknesses are. But these studies have taken a single biopsy from each patient. And as we now know, that's often not enough.
The problem is that taking many samples from a tumour is very difficult, and sequencing those extra samples would be very expensive. The alternative is to sequence the one sample over and over. It's not ideal, but it would reveal small populations of cells that might be distinct from their neighbours and would otherwise stay hidden. "This is likely to be the workhorse way we get at the problem," says Andy Futreal from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, who was involved in Swanton's study.
Even this approach has drawbacks. More sequencing means more expense, and cancer genome projects are already costly affairs. "We may need to sacrifice overall numbers to really understand how deep the rabbit hole is," Futreal says.
If this is all starting to sound very depressing, there is a glimmer of optimism. Even though cancer is maddeningly complicated, survival rates are still going up. At the moment, half of all cancer patients will survive for at least five years after their diagnosis. Cancer seems like an unbeatable adversary, but we are beating it. Studies like Swanton's show that victory will not come in one decisive strike, but through a thousand shallow cuts. It will take a lot of time and effort.
Consider what Swanton needed to do to complete this study. He needed to piggyback on a clinical trial of kidney cancer patients and work very closely with the surgeons to ensure that all the samples were collected in the right way. It took four years just to get enough samples, and the man who resected all the tumours, Tim Christmas, passed away during that time. Swanton says, "He was an amazing guy and well recognised for being one of the most talented surgeons in Europe. We see this work as a legacy for him."
Once he had the samples, Swanton threw technique under the sun at them. He sequenced their genes to look for individual mutations – the equivalent of typos in a book. He checked the activity of different genes. He looked for big changes in the structure or number of chromosomes. Most similar projects typically focus on the mutations, but that's like looking for typos when pages of a book have been smudged, or entire chapters have been rearranged.
"We used every possible genomics technique available," Swanton says. "Even then we are only scratching the surface of the complexity within each cancer. It has been said you could have one whole scientific institute working on deciphering the genomic events in one tumour." Even dealing with the data from the study was a challenge. "Our servers were clogged up for two to three months," Swanton says. "We're going to have to make a big investment on computing and bioinformatics expertise."
That's the type of project we need to really understand cancer's true nature. Swanton's study is just the beginning. So far, he has analysed four tumours. "We need to repeat our study in tens or hundreds of tumours, not just four," he says.
Citation: NEJM, tbc.
Image by Katerha
Comments (22)
As ever, we need to go deeper. Great piece, Ed.
Many Thanks for explaining in such a clear way so that even someone like me with very limited knowledge can understand.
"Even though cancer is maddeningly complicated, survival rates are still going up. At the moment, half of all cancer patients will survive for at least five years after their diagnosis."
That's not true at all. What we see is that we can diagnose cancer much earlier than before, but mortality is going worse. So sadly, the opposite is true
This is fascinating, and you described what's going on incredibly clearly. I wonder whether one implication of this research is that we will rely for longer than we hoped on the traditional chemotherapies even if we have an arsenal of targeted therapies. We hoped that targeted therapies would negate the need for them. But maybe the best approach will be to take the primitive, sledgehammer approach with the traditional chemos (because they are relatively undiscriminating) and then somehow sample what remains–which I'm not sure how to do if what remains are traveling single cells–and target that. This research also implies that early detection should be better because there would be fewer generations of cancer cells, and so fewer chances for new mutations to occur. It's all really interesting to think about. And boy, am I glad Darwin wrote that book.
Thanks, Ed. I think the cost problem–or maybe more precisely the return on investment problem–will be a lot bigger than most people assume. As it becomes clearer that there are, for example, not only more than one type of breast cancer, but potentially more than one type within each of those types, and potentially more than one type within each of those types within each patient, one can imagine scenarios in which many if not most of these targeted cancer therapies essentially become orphan drugs–the market for each will actually be relatively small. We'll need either a new business model or a way of researching and developing these drugs that doesn't primarily depend on the private sector, I think. I'm hoping that some of the recent research on cancer vaccines opens up new avenues to treatment, but wouldn't this evolution problem and the orphan drug problem apply there, too? This is what leads me to the ironic thought that the sledgehammer approach may not be left behind, even if all these new targeted therapies do work. The one thing most cancer cells do have in common is rapid reproduction compared to most other body cells–lowest common denominator. Ugh.
Stunning writing. This is absolutely what you do best, Ed. Take a complex study and write it up with style, depth and utter clarity.
If/when you're next looking for pieces to submit for prizes or anthologies, can I suggest that this one belongs near the top of the list.
It strikes me that one useful approach, once sequencing technology gets cheap enough, might be to develop a background gene expression profile panel for various tissue types on a per patient basis (liver, colon, breast, thyroid, pancreas, prostate, and so on). If that patient is diagnosed with cancer, the comparison against the healthy gene expression profile, combined with the gene expression profile of the tumour (or regions of the tumour) itself would provide some useful information. After all, no two people have quite the same genes, expressed in quite the same way. Genomic sequencing in and of itself doesn't quite give the same picture; I think this kind of epigenetic approach is going to prove useful in diagnosis and, possibly, in guiding treatment.
Reminds me of the study where they found 24,000 mutations in a lung cancer patient.
Recently at a talk at MIT there was a guy from a company sequencing tumor genomes. It was certainly daunting, but they are getting actionable data out of the tumors. And like this data, what they found was that there might be 40 things identified that have gone awry.
But the other part of that point was that it wasn't hopeless to treat these tumors. Someone in the audience wanted to use this information to predict the demise of pharma–no more blockbusters. But instead the guy with the tumor samples suggested that what's likely to happen is that people will get a cocktail of treatment as a result of knowing the full scope. Because there are some common and frequent mutations that occur, there are drugs to treat them. Now, I may end up with a different cocktail than someone else with a tumor–but more meds might go out overall with the new data.
I actually found that a hopeful direction in an otherwise scary story.
3 years ago I was diagnosed with stage 1 kidney cancer. In my case, early detection came because of a kidney stone. The tumor was resected via a partial nephrectomy. No chemotherapy or radiation was needed as adjuvant therapy, as it was caught so early.
I understand that the probabilities of its return are very low and I have kept up with check-ups. Had the kidney cancer been caught at stage 4, the prognosis would have been very different.
My point is that incredible progress has been made in treating cancer as my experience shows: oncology has advanced to the point that it is know that stage 1 kidney cancer is treatable with only an operation, without need for additional intervention via chemo or radiation.
Thanks for clear article. Have they considered crowdsourcing their research / funding ? Do they have a funding site? I'm sure many of us would contribute
nice post .and beutyfull blog.thanks
Do the cell lines that evolve differ in aggressiveness? Can we tell which mutant cells are going to behave in an indolent fashion vs. those that are likely to metastasize or invade other organs?
Many of us with advanced cancers simply hope to manage the disease as a chronic illness. But our treatment strategy is to throw things at any growth that happens to show up, as if all growths were equal. Would we be smarter to use treatments which target the most dangerous cell lines?
It appears to me that commenter #3 may have a point. At one of the links you provided, I note the following explanation: "These improvements largely reflect an increasing number of men being diagnosed with very early stage prostate cancer as a result of widespread use of PSA testing (Prostate Specific Antigen). Most men diagnosed at a very early stage will die with prostate cancer but not from it, therefore the survival rate has increased." http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/survival/siteandsex/
Age-adjustment of the survival rates seems helpful but not sufficient to isolate real changes in survival probability.
I did a short review of literature around mechanisms of resistance to cisplatin in 2002 (unpublished). Two things that were very clear were that a) even from the same parent cell line, cell lines derived in different laboratories rarely expressed the same mechanisms of resistance; and b) the strong selection pressures exerted on parent cell lines in order to express cisplatin resistance rarely resulted in just a single resistance mechanism. Of roughly twenty papers taken randomly from the literature, only seven papers used the same three cell lines; all the rest were derived on a per-lab basis. The result of this is that while one paper finds, for example, that over-expression of metallothionein conferred cisplatin resistance, another paper finds quite the reverse correlation. The same is true for ERCC-1 expression levels.
Granted, many of these papers are from the late 1980s and 1990s (and I confess I haven't kept up to date with the literature since 2002 — maybe an updated review might be in order), but the recent spectacular and disappointing failure of drugs such as picoplatin in Phase III trials against small cell lung cancer (and the corresponding collapse of Poniard Pharmaceuticals) indicates that the response of tumours to cisplatin and its derivatives is still very poorly understood.
I commend you on a clear, well-written article about a complicated topic. I am a member of an on-line discussion forum maintained to support breast cancer patients. The members of that forum have found your article, and it is making many of them feel discouraged. (It's an unfortunate consequence of your writing skills that your readers would finally understand something about tumor biology.) I have some background in molecular biology, which made me realize that my oncologist's enthusiasm about treatment options for my own ER positive, HER2 negative invasive breast tumor might be short-lived. That background also makes me cringe when I read promotional material about high-end "molecular profiling" of tumors as a means of fine-tuning patients' treatment protocols. That won't be an effective strategy if we're dealing with the biological equivalent of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle.
I first read your coverage of this on Nature News–came across it by chance, and was overwhelmed by the implications. When my chemist husband came home I tried, inadequately, to tell him about it, so did a Google news search. I started reading aloud to him the first link that came up–'this is garbage,' I said, and tried the next link.And the next. And the next. Some of the articles (from newspapers, news services, medical/science specialty sites) were just badly written. But even those that read well enough focused on this research signaling a setback for personalized medicine, and not crediting the researchers for their key insights into how individual tumors may possess their own, unique evolutionary trees. This is what I knew would interest my husband, a maverick who thinks the chemistry of life will probably never be understood because evolution's blindfolded ramble through >a billion years' time created near-infinite (with respect to man's puny comprehensive ability) complexity, complexity that is everywhere characterized by layers of feedback and connectivity. Finally I re- found your Nature News piece, which we read together, marveling over both the scientific content and the quality of your writing. The whole experience was a shocking, fully electrifying, demonstration of how bad most science coverage is–and how very, very good it can be.
Then, of course, I wanted to find out about you, eventually getting 'round to this page, which treated the work in greater depth, placed it in a broader perspective, and drew an immediate and enormous 'AHA!' from me. In Nature News you wrote, 'These results show that any one biopsy presents only a keyhole view of a much bigger landscape'–a FANTASTIC metaphor that on its own prompted more than five minutes of discussion in this household. X-ray crystallography, for example, gives a worse picture than even a biopsy, since x-ray structures show a position that never exists in life. And your metaphor, itself, we found to be quite perfect. Keyhole views have been around, but yours struck as as singularly fresh and apt, especially with respect to genomics, its outrageous hype, and all the man-lives and dollars thrown at it.
In science writing, doors and windows are frequently being opened, signaling some new way to access the previously inaccessible. Because of you and your keyhole we were struck by the implicit hubris of door/window comparisons. Keyholes, on the other hand. . .they're not a way in; the narrow view they do provide is often distorted; and, on the utility scale, the information acquired about what's beyond them is right up there with 'an elephant is soft and squishy.' The 'AHA!' came upon seeing the wonderful illustration at the top of this page.
I'm sorry, not having known about you before, but now, after having made a run at your blog and contributions to Nature News and other periodicals, you top my science-writers-of-choice list. You are doing an enormous public service, and doing it uncommonly well!
A wonderful review from the perspective of somatic mutations. You might want to check out some videos from the great-grandfather of genetics, James Watson…there is an undeniable genetic component in cancers…but even Dr Watson challenges the current scientists to look at the whole picture (many still don't even know of the seminal work of Warburg and John Hopkins (Pederson) on glucose and glycolosis ..I'll put my money on cancer as a metabolic disease…one disease where all cancer cells are vulnerable to metabolic manipulations. If you think your brain was spinning before, try on some of America's other leading cancer researchers…whose studies and conclusions pretty much slam the current paradigm, like Soneschein and Soto from Tufts or Seyfried from Boston College…The world needs a cancer "general" who has the guts and brains to bring in all the research areas, and not continue to put all eggs in the genetic basket


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lbking on Family Tree Circles
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Journals and Posts
Looking for info on an Ephraim King b.13 May 1823 d. 16 May 1870 buried in Double Springs Baptist Church, Oconee Co., SC
Father unknown, mother Clara/unknown b. 1798 d. 1868. Son- James King b. 1848. Son- Stephen King (my GGGF) b. 1856. Daughter- Hester J King b. 1853. Daughter- Mary E King b. 1859.
Thank you.
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subset: commoncrawl


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JACKSON, Wyo. — A state legislative panel has endorsed a proposed bill that would allow silencers to be used while hunting any type of game in Wyoming.
The Legislature's Joint Travel, Recreation, Wildlife and Cultural Resources Committee voted to sponsor the proposal at a public meeting in Jackson recently.
Current Wyoming Game and Fish Department regulations bar silencers, also known as suppressors.
The bill also includes stiffer penalties for anyone who uses a silencer to poach or take wildlife in violation of Game and Fish regulations.
Critics say the silencer provision is too broad and would compromise the safety of hunters in the field because the sound of gunfire lets hunters know where other hunters are located.


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It's not as difficult as it sounds, you know. There are an incredible number of books of this size and we have no difficulty coming up with suggestions that fit this criterion. In addition, each year we try to include a couple of non fiction books in our choices. We still meet for supper beforehand, at our convenor's house, although I host one meeting a year, because I feel guilty that the convenor always cooks supper and hosts at her house.
Most of us are grandmothers but we have one young member who, during this time, has produced two children and brought each of them to book club for the first year of their lives. We don't know why she comes to spend the evening with the old ladies but we love her and she seems to have fun with us. She has the distinction of being the only one of the 12 of us who has never missed a meeting, even for giving birth.
One of the highlights of the meeting, before we begin the discussion, is the sharing of any books of interest we have read in the past month. This is an opportunity for us find out about new books and new authors and we all enjoy contributing to this section as well as listening.
So tonight is the February meeting of the Short Book Club and the book is one I've already mentioned recently in this blog, Sky Burial by Xinran. I look forward to hearing what the others thought of it as I found the story interesting but the book rather dull on the whole. I'm also wondering what we will choose to read for next time.


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Corzo Center for the Creative Economy
Who We Are
The Corzo Center for the Creative Economy at the University of the Arts links art, innovation and business.
We formed it to keep art where it belongs — at the center of a society and economy that requires ideas and imagination.
We believe that artists and media makers need to know the value of what they create and for that reason, we have shaped our programs to give the tools they will need to control their economic lives.
What We Do
The Corzo Center serves as an umbrella for many University-developed initiatives:
- Our Creative Incubator supports arts and media-based entrepreneurial ventures.
- Our partnerships — across the region and across disciplines — encourage the creation of communities and collaborations.
- Our workshops, short courses and lectures equip artists with the economic savvy needed in everyday business applications.
- Our panel of advisors connects students and faculty to lawyers, entrepreneurs, accountants, marketers and business leaders.
- Our Entrepreneur Club encourages students to develop their own programs and create their own social and professional networks.
Collaborations & Sponsorships
The Corzo Center has established a number of partnerships and collaborations, and has co-sponsored a variety of events and programs with groups throughout the region a list that keeps growing.
Follow Us


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Gas Laws
The gas laws are a set of laws that describe the relationship between thermodynamic temperature (T), absolute pressure (P) and volume (V) of gases. Please click on the links below for interactive demonstrations.
You will need to install Adobe Shockwave player to view the files above. If not already installed you may download it here.


text: Hello All, I was hoping to be able to put something together to control the AC Power for an Amplifier but I'm having some trouble selecting a Relay that can handle the load...The problem I'm having is unfortunately there is no information on how much current the amplifier draws. The only thing I've been able to find is a 5A/250VAC ceramic fuse just after the AC IN. The Question/sDoes having a 5A/250V Fuse mean that under normal operating conditions, the current drawn by the Amplifier will never exceed 5A?Yes, except fuses are pretty slow acting and in fact many specify 'slow blow' fuses that will allow short term current well above their steady state 'blow' rating. This allows for start-up surge current to charge up power supply filter caps.Would it be safe to use a Relay rated for 5A/250VAC or should I use a 10A relay be a better option?10 amps is the better choice and it's a very standard contact rating, plus one would always prefer the lower cost fuse to blow before the more expensive relay contacts. But there is that old engineering adage (black humor because it happens) about the final output transistors blowing open to protect the power supply fuse.LeftyThanks guys for your help in advance.Alex


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So I get out for my run after work. It's kind of nice out, mild but overcast. I run about a mile on the bike trail, noting my shins are tight. Run is kind of eh at this moment. I eye the trail on the other side of the road and decide to run my trail.
As I start up the trail, another runner comes toward me..it's Trevor! The only other run I ever see out here on the trail. We stop to chat about Mohican, and then I ask how far he goes on the trail. It turns out he just makes about a 1 mile loop, and doesn't know about the longer loop around the golf course. I ask if he's got the time, I'll show him more trail!
Such a fun run! I think I chatted his ear off. It was just nice to share dirt with someone, and especially show him a longer trail to run on. Trevor will be running the "Forget the PR 50K" and has been training well for it. This extra bit of trail will be helpful to him.
Sharing the trail with someone just really lifted my spirits. I felt like I had gotten a much needed lift to my pysche, so whether you knew it or not, Trevor, thank you!!


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La Biennale di Venezia – Italien
The new Biennale kicked off: the 48th International Art Exhibition APERTO Over All recovered the historical spaces of the Arsenale (Artiglierie, Isolotto, Tese, Gaggiandre). A new sector was created for live shows: DMT (Dance Music Theatre). From July to October, the Music sector proposed 21 concerts; from August to October the Theatre sector offered 14 shows; on 30th July, the Teatro Verde reopened with Parabola by Carolyn Carlson, and from September to October the Dance sector staged 13 events. From 1st to 11th September, the 56th Mostra del Cinema took place: the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement was awarded to Jerry Lewis.
The Cinema sector presented an ample retrospective dedicated to the cinema of the Balkans, La meticcia di fuoco, held between 30th March and 16th April. Between August and September, as usual, the Mostra del Cinema was held, now at its 57th edition: Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement to Clint Eastwood. On 18th June, the 7th International Architecture Exhibition opened, tempting over 70,000 visitors to the exhibitions in the Giardini and Arsenale. The Dance Music Theatre sectors offered a dense calendar of events.
A festival entitled Shakespeare & Shakespeare took place 2 to 8 March: all of the Biennale sectors were involved in this homage to the Shakespearian world. Othello, directed by Eimuntas Nekrosius, and Virus, by the dancer-choreographer Nigel Charnock, were premiered during the festival. Also in the program the screening of Indian films based on Shakespeare works and a series of presentations with artists whose work was inspired by the Bard, such as Peter Stein, Peter Greenaway, and Josef Svoboda. Activities from the Dance Music Theatre sectors were organised between 5th May and 6th October: world premieres, co-productions, international congresses, for a total of 45 shows plus repeats. Particular success was enjoyed by the special events in the Theatre sector, La pista e la scena (The Ring and the Stage), held on the mainland at the Parco della Bissuola in Mestre. On 9th June, official opening of the 49th International Art Exhibition Plateau of Humankind – which registered the largest participation of foreign countries in its history (63) and a record for the number of visitors (243,000) over the last 20 years. Between 29th August and 8th September the 58th Mostra del Cinema was held; this edition of the festival introduced the novelty of a double competition by placing the Lion of the Year alongside the traditional Golden Lion; Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement to Eric Rohmer.
The Temps d'images Festival began on 10th February. Dedicated to the relationship between live performance, new forms of creativity, and television and cinematographic media, the festival also took place in Brussels and Paris. On 15th March, Carolyn Carlson presented her new show Waltz Thru Time. The Dance Music Theatre season started on 2nd May until 29th September. Franco Bernabè was appointed at the beginning of the year as the new President of the Biennale, along with the members of the Board, that are responsible for the planning of the activity in the period 2002-2005. The 59th Intl. Venice Film Festival, directed by Moritz de Hadeln, ran from 29th August until 8th September. The 8th International Architecture Exhibition Next, directed by Deyan Sudjic, took place from 8th September until 3rd November, receiving over 101,000 visitors.
The International Art Exhibition presented its 50th edition: Dreams and Conflicts – The Dictatorship of the Viewer was the title chosen by director Francesco Bonami. The exhibition was open June 15 to November 2 and attracted the record number of 260,000 visitors. The public had the chance to meet a number of leading figures from the world of culture in over 120 presentations organized at the Arsenale by the Archive of the Contemporary-ASAC, directed by Giuliano da Empoli, and entitled 99-every idea but one and Tipping Point. The performing art sectors organized their programs reviving the formula of international festivals which are characteristic of the Venice Biennale's history: the 1st Intl. Dance Festival, directed by Frédéric Flamand, took place in June and July; the 47th Intl. Music Festival, directed by Uri Caine, in September; and the 35th Intl. Thetre Festival, directed by Peter Sellars, in October to November 1st. The 60th Intl. Venice Film Festival, directed by Moritz de Hadeln, ran from 27th August until 6th September. On December 23rd, the Italian Government approved the reform of the Biennale, presented by the Minister of Culture, which transformed the Biennale into a Foundation open to contributions from the private sector.
On January 15 the Biennale was transformed into a foundation; in February, Davide Croff was appointed as new president. The 2004 events kicked off with the 2nd Intl. Festival of Contemporary Dance, directed by Karole Armitage, whose two sections ran in June and July. The 36th Intl. Theatre Festival, directed by Massimo Castri, ran September 15 – October 2, and the 48th Intl. Festival of Contemporary Music, directed by Giorgio Battistelli, took place October 14 to 23. Marco Müller was appointed as new director of the Cinema section, and the 61st Mostra Int.le d'Arte Cinematografica (Venice Film Festival) ran September 1-11: Mike Leigh's Vera Drake was awarded the Golden Lion for best film. The 9th Intl. Architecture Exhibition Metamorph, directed by Kurt W. Forster, ran September 12 to November 7 and attracted over 115,000 visitors.
Biennalen in Venice – In English


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No wedding can be without a wedding cake. It is a tradition that is thousands of years old representing fertility and abundance. Let Leslie design the perfect wedding cake for your big day.
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We design our cakes to meet the desires of the bride and groom. If there is any cake that you have seen that you like, we may be able to recreate it for you.
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El Paso's Bakery comes to you with a continued family tradition of well over 150 years of combined authentic Mexican baking. We offer you an assortment of pastries, cakes and breads.


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Zac Brown Shares What Legacy He Wants to Leave His Kids
Zac Brown is creating quite the musical legacy these days. The Zac Brown Band dominates the country singles chart with every release, and each of their three studio albums are currently in the Top 20 country albums chart.
But what he hopes to pass down to his four daughters goes well beyond music. "I want them to grow up canning in the kitchen with us and making preserves," Brown tells Southern Living magazine of one of the many things he hopes to pass down to his girls over time. "[I want them] to learn what it means to really fish, [and] what it means to have a job. I want to make sure they know that there's no free ride. You don't want spoiled kids in high school that end up being worthless later on. I want to teach them perspective. That's important."
As a renowned chef in his own right, Brown will definitely pass down the craft of cooking southern cuisine, as well. After all … it's the southern way! "In the South, you gather around food," notes Brown. "Your kitchen is your living room, whether you want it to be or not."
That philosophy has been extended over to his band's way of mingling with their fans each night. "Some artists do backstage meet-and-greets; I do an eat-and-greet," he explains. "And we've just opened the Southern Ground Social Club — a mash-up of great Southern food, art gallery, knife shop, leather shop and tattoo parlor in Senoia [Georgia]."
To continue the marriage of their love for music and food, Brown and his bandmates recently announced the all-star lineup to their 2012 Southern Ground Music and Food Festivals set for Nashville, Tenn. (Sept. 21-22) and Charleston, N.C. (Oct. 20-21). Click here for more information on the event and how to purchase tickets.


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Juan Uribe tried laying down a pair of bunts in the eighth inning Monday. They worked about as well as anything he tried during his first two years in a Dodgers uniform — that is, both landed in foul territory. It was enough to make a man boo.
But Uribe has made a habit all year of turning boos into cheers. He did it again when the Dodgers needed him the most in Game 4 of the National League Division Series, taking a pair of pitches from Atlanta Braves pitcher David Carpenter outside the strike zone before launching a two-run home run over the left-field fence.
It proved to be the game-winning hit in a 4-3 win that put the Dodgers in the National League Championship Series.
"Good moment," he said. "Good moment for me. Good moment for doing my job. This is not only me. It's all 25 guys doing a good job, like (Carl) Crawford."
Uribe was, at once, the King of Understatement and the King of the World.
He is a 34-year-old third baseman who was reduced, by his own ability, to a backup for most of 2012. Uribe started only 42 games a year ago, came off the bench in another 24, but mostly watched from the sideline.
He is also a two-time World Series champion who hit a pair of home runs as the San Francisco Giants marched to the 2010 title.
"He's probably the most-liked teammate we have," said Clayton Kershaw, the Dodgers' surprise starter for Game 4. "He's the same guy no matter what. You couldn't tell if he's 1 for 30 or 30 for 30."
Kershaw pitched six innings on three days' rest for the first time in his career. But he left with the score tied 2-2, and watched the Braves take a 3-2 lead in the seventh inning against reliever Ronald Belisario.
After Brian Wilson (1-0) pitched a scoreless top of the eighth, Yasiel Puig led off the bottom of the eighth with a double to right field, setting the stage for Uribe's heroics.
Kenley Jansen pitched a perfect ninth inning to record the save.
"It took me a second to realize we clinched," Jansen said. "When A.J. (Ellis, the Dodgers' catcher) dropped his glove, I went."
The announced sellout crowd of 54,438 at Dodger Stadium went, too — nuts, crazy, whatever the term is after four years of frustration.
The Dodgers reached the NL Championship Series for the first time since 2009 and will play the winner of Game 5 Wednesday between the Pittsburgh Pirates and St. Louis Cardinals.
A Pirates win gives the Dodgers home-field advantage in the series. A Cardinals win means the Dodgers must travel to St. Louis for Game 1 on Friday.
Kershaw did not allow an earned run in six innings, surrendering three hits, walking none and striking out six. His 91 pitches were well short of the 124 he threw in Game 1 last Thursday, but "he could've kept going," said Dodgers manager Don Mattingly.
It was Mattingly who said Sunday that Ricky Nolasco would start the game, then reversed his decision late in the day.
"This is the postseason," said Kershaw, who did not object to the starting assignment. "I don't want to take it for granted. I might never get to do this again."
The fragility of October baseball was on full display Monday.
The Dodgers were 0 for 9 with runners in scoring position before Uribe stepped to the plate with the game in his hands, as a series of errors threatened to postpone the Dodgers' champagne-and-streamer celebration.
First baseman Adrian Gonzalez flubbed a routine ground ball to begin the game. In the fourth inning, Gonzalez misfired on a throw to second base for his second error of the game. Later in the inning, sure-handed second baseman Mark Ellis threw wide of first base, sending Gonzalez to his belly and thwarting a potential double-play groundout that would have bailed Kershaw out of a two-run inning. Both runs were unearned.
By the seventh, a ground ball hit to Gonzalez was enough to evoke visions of Bill Buckner in the 1986 World Series until the ball landed safely in his glove, Freddie Freeman was called out and Dodger Stadium collectively exhaled.
Belisario was the first pitcher out of the bullpen in the seventh inning. With one out, Elliot Johnson tripled into the right-field corner. Jose Constanza pinch hit for Braves starter Freddy Garcia and promptly delivered an RBI single, giving the Braves a 3-2 lead.
J.P. Howell relieved Belisario and got the final two outs of the eighth inning, preserving the score.
Garcia was Kershaw's equal for six innings. He allowed eight hits, walked two and struck out six, a shutout spoiled only by Crawford's solo home runs in the first and third innings.
With two strikes against him in the first, Crawford capitalized on a hanging splitter by Garcia, powering the ball an estimated 404 feet into the right-field bleachers.
In the third, the Dodgers still led 1-0 when Crawford turned on a 2-2 sinker over the inside corner, curling it inside the right-field foul pole for his second home run of the game.
Crawford did not hit a home run between May 7 and Sept. 26 of this season, finishing the regular season with six. He has half as many in his last two games.


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-5 Bedroom 3.5 Bath Pool Heated 1994 Sq.Ft.
-Close to Restaurants & Shops
-Gated Community / Club House
-10 Mins To Disney
-WIFI / Private Pool / Spa / Game Room
Tuscan Hills is a gated Mediterranean style vacation home community with Disney just 6 miles away. Enjoy your private screened in pool in your luxury home or villa. Tuscan hills has a 4000 Sq. Ft. Club house with concierge service, fitness center, game room, tennis courts and kids play ground.
Tuscan Hills is a gated Mediterranean style vacation home community with Disney just 6 miles away. Enjoy your private screened in pool in your luxury home or villa. Tuscan hills has a 4000 Sq. Ft. Club house with concierge service, fitness center, game room, tennis courts and kids play ground.
- Yes the home is available if its available on the calendars. & yes this is the actual home.
How To Book This Home
1. Click the arrival and departure dates at the top of the page and click the detailed price info or book it for a detailed quote. All fees and taxes are included in the quote.
2. A one night's rent is required as a deposit with the balance due 30 days before you arrive
3. We will not charge your deposit until we have confirmed the reservation with you over the phone (within 24 hours).
4. We will remind you before your balance is due.
Or just give us call or email us and we will book it for you!.
· Bedroom 1 - Master Queen Bedroom, Adjoining Bathroom
· Bedroom 2 - Master Queen Bedroom, Adjoining Bathroom
· Bedroom 3 - Full Bed
· Bedroom 4 - Two Twin Beds
· Bedroom 5 – Two Twin beds
· Bathroom 1 - Adjoins Queen Bedroom
· Bathroom 2 - Adjoins Queen Bedroom
· Bathroom 3 – Community Bathroom
· Half Bathroom
Living Room:
· 3 Seat Couch
· 2 Seat Love Seat
· DVD with 48 Inch TV
· Free WIFI
· Total Appliances - Fridge, Oven , Microwave, Toaster. Coffee Maker, Blender, Dishwasher.
· Fully equipped kitchen utensils
· Bar Stools
· Large Dining Table
Private Pool:
· Screened in
· Pool Deck
· Spa
· Game Room
· Washer / Dryer / Iron / Ironing Board
Community Features:
· Private gated vacation home community
· Tennis Courts
· Concierge
· Play Ground
· Internet Room
· Gym
· Game Room & Kids Room
Tuscan Hills is a Disney area vacation home community (Disney is approx. 6 miles) and just 25 minutes from Orlando International Airport. Well stocked supermarkets and plenty of restaurants are nearby means that you have all you need to ensure a perfect vacation. If playing a round of golf is your thing then you are in the right place with a choice of championship golf courses all on your door step. Tuscan Hills is a gated community with club house, tennis courts and play ground. The Club House concierge is free to all our guests.
-Magic Kingdom (great for the little ones) 10 mins
-Downtown Disney (lots of places to eat shop and have fun) 10-15 mins
-Old Town Kissimmee 15 mins
-Medieval Times dinner show 15 mins
-Celebration Town (dont miss this little gem) 15 Mins
-International Drive (loads of shopping) 15 Mins
-Universal studio and Citywalk (HARRY POTTER DO NOT MISS) 22 mins
-Cocoa Beach (if you feel like getting away) just over an hour.
(These are approx destination times)


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Hi, welcome to our site and thanks for stopping by here. In this page I would like to share about one of the best Oxfords on the market, and yes we talking about Clarks Men's Natureveldt Oxford,Black,10.5 M US. According to my research, this product has receive so many positive review among users. Most of them love what this product features, so it's should on your top list when you looking for a Oxfords. There are so many Oxfords products with various brands on the market. Each of them claims as the best. In fact, not all those products give the truth as their claimed. Most of them just low quality product with hype marketing tagline.
Clarks Men's Natureveldt Oxford,Black,10.5 M US
If you are seeking an ultimate satisfaction in comfort and fit, please don't buy one before you read this short review. This article will cover about what the product feature, and where you can get it with great price offer.
BUY Premium Product HERE!
Clarks Men's Natureveldt Oxford,Black,10.5 M US
Explore wide-ranging activities with the Natureveldt oxford from Clarks. Active AirTM system absorbs shock and returns energy. The polyurethane outsole provides durable, flexible cushioning for downtown to outback wandering. …Click here to read full details.
Clarks Men's Natureveldt Oxford,Black,10.5 M US : The Features
- Soft tumbled leather uppers
- Dual density polyurethane active air footbed
- Air channels in outsole circulate air around the foot
READ All info about this product HERE!
What user Say about Clarks Men's Natureveldt Oxford,Black,10.5 M US?
Not Nature II or Nature III, thank you.I have worn Clarks Natureveldts for many, many years. Since they were replaced in the Clarks line with the Nature II and then, Nature III, shoes (which are apparently made on a different last and are significantly inferior in both fit and construction)it has become increasingly difficult to scour the internet for remaining Natureveldt's in my size. These seem to feel a little different, but am hoping that after a decent break-in they'll settle in… previous pairs averaged 4 years from new to relegation to "work" (around the home) shoes.
Where you can grab Clarks Men's Natureveldt Oxford,Black,10.5 M US with great offer?
You can get this product from a local store near your neighborhood or by online shopping. Personally I recommend you to get it from Amazon.com. They offer great price. At the time I wrote they offer discount.
Occasionally they also offer huge discount. You can visit amazon's sales page to check the discount availability through the link below. Press the 'Buy it now button' to visit amazon's sales page.


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And hello to you! We don't name drop here much at Hugga, but there are lots of names in that video and cool.
Download now for iTunes, your iPod, iPhone, and subscribe to the Huggacast Feed for more episodes.
- Watch now on YouTube
- More videos
- Huggacasts are also available in the iTunes podcast directory.


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In North Dallas is some prime real estate for people that need offices, apartments, and warehousing for business. The apartments in North Dallas area can be some of the most profitable of the latter. Also, it can have some upsides and downside alike. We will first take a look at the positive aspects of the apartment business and then compare that to the negative outlook of running this type of business.
The income alone of owning apartments is very attractive. Even if you purchase a small complex of 8 units, this can have monthly income of $5000 or more. The cost would be around $60,000 a year. If your loan was $240,000 for the apartment and it was to be paid back in 10 years, then you're looking at a payment of $2000 a month. This loan amount would include interest and fees, of course. The key would be to have enough credit, bank relation, and low-interest rates. An extra investor or person who could invest with you could make a good option as well. In this type of market its buy low and rent high or at least affordable.
If you plan on living in a unit and be an on-site owner/manager, I would advise against this until the loan is paid back. You will be taking income from yourself by, not renting it out. The goal should be to pay this loan as fast as possible. How do you know if you can keep the other seven units rented? You could be on the street with a huge loan to pay back. After the loan is paid off than living in an available unit could be a good option. If you're sure that making the payment is no problem then living in a group could have some advantages. You will know if the people are making loud noise and breaking things that you might have to repair. You can provide speedy maintenance if you plan to do that yourself. Your tenants can pay for on-site if you decide to collect money from your apartment.
Now there are some downsides to all of this as well, as we begin to talk about them. You will have repair costs that can be very hard to predict or just flat out impossible to foresee. Renting to the wrong kind of people can leave your apartments a total wreck. Yeah, you have their deposit but $500-$600 won't cover damage if in the thousands. Getting lawyers and courts to collect on damages can get costly, and you might not get the full amount of the repair cost either. It can be time consuming in courts. Let's face it they don't move fast. Let's not forget about the slight possible acts of God that can occur that most insurance won't cover.
Sometimes they do, or you can get a custom policy that can include tornados and disasters, but this will jack up the insurance cost a lot. Heavy winds can damage windows, tear off siding, and rip pieces of the roof off. You also have to keep liability down to a minimum. Lots of people overlook this one. Make sure there aren't dangerous situations that someone could fall, break a bone, or flat out get hurt from. You don't need a lawsuit from something that you could have avoided from happening. Courts will look at it this way also. If you could have done something to prevent an accident on your property, then you're liable. It could be something as filling in a hole in the ground with dirt. Check your whole ownership and make sure you remove anything that can cause some form of danger to people.


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'Seascape' to open in New Milford
TheatreWorks New Milford is about to debut legendary playwright Edward Albee's Pulitzer-winning "Seascape." The comedy-drama opens Friday, May 3, directed by Chesley Plemmons, who previously served many years as theater reviewer for The News-Times.
The story told in "Seascape" takes place on a deserted beach, where a couple talks idly about home, family, and their life together as they near retirement. Suddenly they're joined by two sea creatures who have risked leaving the ocean depths to come ashore. Initial fears and suspicions are soon replaced by curiosity.
Before long, the humans and the creatures are engaged in a funny, fascinating dialogue. As the creatures face the terrifying prospect of life ashore, the humans are forced to contemplate their own emotional and mortal realities. The play is filled with warmth, humor and poetic eloquence, along with emotional and intellectual reverberations.
" `Seascape' focuses on the longevity of relationships, the sum of one's life, and the sunrise of others," said Plemmons, of Sherman. "At one point in the play, the character Nancy says to her husband Charlie, `We've done all we ought to -- and isn't it splendid we've enjoyed so much of it.' I hope this play will reconfirm to audiences that sometimes tenuous, but essential philosophy."
"Seascape is not strictly a drama. It also has lots of elements of comedy, fantasy, and satire," said co-producer Richard Pettibone, of New Milford. "The fact that Albee has two human-sized walking, talking, lizard-creatures rising from the sea is proof of that. And it's here that, among many other themes, Albee suggests that the way animals adapt to change is really not that much different from how humans do it. We can all learn from each other. It's an allegory that's unusual, miraculous, and completely life-affirming."
The production features: Noel Desiato, of Sherman; J. Scott Williams, of Brookfield; James Hipp, of Danbury; and Desirae Carle, of New Milford.
Besides Plemmons and Pettibone, the play's production team consists of co-producer Glenn R. Couture, costumer Lesley Neilson-Bowman, creature constructor Mary Hildebrand Nagler, lighting design by Scott Wyshynski and Pettibone, set design by Pettibone and Couture, and stage management by Kristi Petersen Schoonover.
"Seascape" made its Broadway debut at the Shubert Theatre on Jan. 26, 1975 and went on to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
On Thursday, May 2, senior citizens are invited to a free dress rehearsal at 8 p.m. Then, Thursday, May 9 at 8 p.m., it's TheatreWorks' Pay-What-You-Want night. At this performance, you name the price for your ticket.
TheatreWorks, 5 Brookside Ave., New Milford, May 3, 4, 10, 11, 17, 18, 19, 24 and 25; 8 p.m. Fridays and Saturdays, 2 p.m. May 19, $23, reserved seating, 860-350-6863, WWW.THEATREWORKS.US


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Thank you! Very much appreciated!
Thank you! Very much appreciated!
many thanks for the tut aszazeroth!
Has anybody started a thread about posting all those planets made thanks to this great tutorial? Cause that'd be sweet. We could link it to this thread or whatever. I can create it or something.
Nevermind, didn't see this thread was dead...
Has anyone else used Fracplanet? It will generate planets for you from various parameters you specify. You can then import the results into Blender and tweak them further and include them in scenes there.
Hi all, it look's like the link to the tutorial has died - I have copy on my computer, would there be any issue's in rehosting it for people? If so, is there anywhere permanent that people would suggest?


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Wordpress: Country/State/City selection
Költségvetés $10-300 USD
Project will consist of 3 Milestones, I will create each milestones as its started.
Please specify cost for each milestone
Milestone 1: filter Posts
-When user enters the site, he will be asked to select his country if not already selected and save it in a Cookie.. its mandatory. All requests to pages should redirect to Country Selection page, no popups. Mobile compatible
-Posts from all listings should be filtered: Home (Block modules), Category, Tag, Recent Posts, most popular posts. All posts will have a custom field Country by that custom field.
-I have a code that already filters posts by tag
Milestone 2: Multilanguage menu and Logo
-Depending on selected country, menu language and options and main Logo will change, it could be english, spanish mainly, there should be a configuration to relate countries with Languages and Logo.
-Menus can have different options per country selected
Milestone 3: Local and State Pages
This pages will display posts related to selected State and City.
First Time you enter "State" Page (no popups), it will ask for State in a Combobox (Related to Selected Country). It will Save Selection in a Cookie.
Every time you enter "State" Page, it will display Posts with State Selected, Posts will have State in custom Field
First Time you enter "Local" Page, it will ask for State (preselect it if already selected) and City (master detail) in Combobox (no popups).
It will Save Selection in a Cookie.
Every time you enter "Local" Page, it will display Posts with State Selected, Posts will have State in custom Field
Everything should be responsive (mobile compatible)
Important: You will work in a Test Site. You will need to send me all modified files and instructions to install in production site
Hello, I saw your post and I am interested in the project. My bid is only for the milestone M1. Kind Regards john
29 szabadúszó tett átlagosan $252 árajánlatot erre a munkára
ABOUT US "IT FLEX SOLUTIONS has focused exclusively on the Web Development/Designing projects with 8+ years of service. Our Web Development/Designing expertise has helped clients to create e-commerce, social networkin Több
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Greetings We have completed 100+ projects in wordpress. Please interact with us. Please check my reviews on freelancer to get an idea of quality of my work . Thanks Shiv
Ready to start work with you, would like to discuss it further, let me know if you are free to discuss it thanks
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Posted 13 October 2011 - 10:47 PM
They are putting a new episode up every Thursday, simultaneous with the Japanese air date. So far it is completely faithful to the game, right down to the music and calendar interface. They are free to watch, but you have to register to watch from the episode on. I hear they have a Hulu channel as well and it will be popping up on there shortly after.
Posted 13 October 2011 - 10:52 PM
Anyway, since it seems to be just a retelling of the game, I don't really see why this would be interesting for people who already played to game (or, even better, watched GiantBomb's endurance run).
Posted 13 October 2011 - 10:58 PM
I'm glad it's following the game exactly since it's the story and characters that I love about it without all the tedium of grinding and fusing.
Also, Atlus better pay the Giant Bomb guys to do commentary tracks for the US release.
Posted 13 October 2011 - 11:01 PM
Posted 14 October 2011 - 02:03 AM
The style they chose for coloring mimics the game but it highlights the cheap animation. Bad choice imo
The only thing I really liked were the eyecatches and the use of music from the game. End of ep1 was awesome. I might watch it after it gets a few episodes in or when it's complete. I kinda wished they would've gone the douchebag route for added hilarity. Or at the very least give him the harem route. That would be great. :D
Posted 14 October 2011 - 02:24 AM
Posted 14 October 2011 - 09:21 AM
I can't sleep let's watch episode 2!
EVERYONE'S JAW IS SUNBURNED. That effect really bothered me this episode for some reason.
Pacing is weird. And by pacing I mean the pace of the different scenes. Certain characters are a beat behind (as though we're pressing the button to go on... omgz). It doesn't feel natural. the show is blazing through the plot, but that's expected considering the length of the game. And the lead character having the personality of a wet mop doesn't work as well in animation as it does ingame. I think I'm going to end up watching this but not like it the entire time and think "It'll get better" with each episode like a dolt. :( I mean, it's exactly like the game. If I wanted that I'd play the game. Actually, watching it makes me want to play the game and spend hours yelling at Igor because he's not giving me the skills I want. Teddy is rather cute in animation versus annoying as sin in the game. Too bad the characters I like more (aside from Chie) will come later in the show. Yuusuke is more annoying in animation than he was in game. Granted I didn't like his character in game much and was glad they got him out of the way first. :|
Please let Kanji and Rise's dungeons/boss fights be as hilarious as they were in the game. Rise's rainbow stripper dance was the funniest boss fight I have ever experienced in a RPG.
It is better than Persona 3's series by far.
Posted 14 October 2011 - 03:31 PM
I don't know if I'll keep watching too long. I've played the game and I know how it ends, but someone mentioned to me that he had never played the game and was interested in it, so I guess it fills a niche?
Posted 18 October 2011 - 01:31 AM
Posted 18 October 2011 - 04:56 AM
All I can ever visualize with Persona 4 are these comics. Never played it, don't really plan on watching the anime, but man talk about a twisted story plot.
I almost considered not posting links to the Brotagonist Chronicles,[NSFW LANGUAGE LINKS YALL] but now we're here. We can't unring this bell.
Posted 27 October 2011 - 08:38 PM
The last two episodes have started really expanding on the series, with lots of backstory about Chie and Yukiko's relationship. Now that the core team is together, the episodes should start varying up since the first four were basically "someone's in trouble, save them, unlock their persona."
My only real disappointment is that the team doesn't fight for themselves as their personae do all the work. It's not the same without Chie punting motherfuckers into the stratosphere...
Posted 03 November 2011 - 10:04 PM
It's a hilarious Social Link spectacle! A welcome change to the previous dungeon episodes and nice to see that the game's comedy is just as intact as the drama.
Next episode: Kanji all up ins!
Posted 10 November 2011 - 09:34 PM
Nanako goes to Junes. Exams are taken. Yu macks on Yukiko. Kanji and Naoto make their grand appearance. Hijinks ensue. No homo.
Next week: Homo.
Posted 10 November 2011 - 10:42 PM
Episode 6
Nanako goes to Junes. Exams are taken. Yu macks on Yukiko. Kanji and Naoto make their grand appearance. Hijinks ensue. No homo.
Next week: Homo.
Tell me when he's going to GET BENT.
Posted 10 November 2011 - 11:31 PM
Tell me when he's going to GET BENT.
Next week, AP. Can't you read?
Next week: Homo.
Posted 10 November 2011 - 11:43 PM
Tell me when he's going to GET BENT.Next week, AP. Can't you read?
Next week: Homo.
That's what I was trying be funny about...
Posted 11 November 2011 - 12:13 AM
That's why I italicized it. It's called the rebound assist, AP.
Tell me when he's going to GET BENT.Next week, AP. Can't you read?
Next week: Homo.
That's what I was trying be funny about...
Catching up on 5 and 6 and I am really missing two things from the game: 1) the homo subtexts outside of Kanji's story and 2) I looooooooooooove them balls.
Posted 11 November 2011 - 12:18 AM
That's why I italicized it. It's called the rebound assist, AP.
I don't understand, but I accept my fate.
Posted 11 November 2011 - 01:39 AM
2) I looooooooooooove them balls.
Anyway, I've been enjoying this anime. I was a big fan of the game, and it's nice to see the show be extremely faithful to the game.
I especially like how the game's music is used for the show. And the opening song is fantastic.
Posted 18 November 2011 - 12:21 AM
Freaking insane episode with some hilarious Yu and Brosuke moments. Watch it with your homophobic friends and see them squirm!
Next week: CAMPING TRIP!!!!!!
Posted 18 November 2011 - 12:49 AM
Welcome to the Bad, Bad Bathouse!
Freaking insane episode with some hilarious Yu and Brosuke moments. Watch it with your homophobic friends and see them squirm!
Next week: CAMPING TRIP!!!!!!
"Persona 4
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Goddamned homophobic anti-european nazis !
Posted 18 November 2011 - 03:47 AM
Posted 18 November 2011 - 03:51 AM
Can you get Hulu? They put the episodes up on there the following day.
Hulu is (afaik) NA-only.
But I don't care about the anime anyway, just thought I may watch the clip you linked.
Posted 24 November 2011 - 11:59 PM
A great, less than serious, hijinks filled episode.
Next week: Top idol Risette!
Posted 25 November 2011 - 10:59 PM
Posted 01 December 2011 - 11:41 PM
Now I just wonder whether Rise is based off Reina, or Reina just wants to be Rise...
Posted 08 December 2011 - 09:36 PM
Kanji finally gets to wreck house! Don't fuck with Teddy!
Posted 15 December 2011 - 10:53 PM
Also, vibrating bears.
Posted 23 December 2011 - 10:29 PM
I am really impressed with how they pulled off this episode! Also, Yu is a total badass.
Next week: MYSTERIOUS FOX ALL UP INS!!!
Posted 23 December 2011 - 10:41 PM


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PARENTS ADVISORY: this current Thor R. Is not recommend for teenager under 14 years. Contains to much demonic and evil graphic depiction. Guess the only reason theatre provider promote this mediocre movie, is because the big holllywood studios pay them big bucks for promotion to recoup their $150 M production cost for this flick. Previous Thor movie was much better. The only good scene was where Thor fought Hulk in the arena.
Great movie probably the best of the trilogy.It has great humor and friendships.
It was OK. I thought previous ones were better. Too many "snarky" joke moments throughout which I thought kind of distracted from me getting more "involved" with the movie plot.
They did an amazing job with this movie. We had a lot fun watching this movie.
The movie was very funny.
Well that was disappointing.
Boring, coudn't wait for it to end.
Great job. It kept me entertained ...funny...A little busy near the end ...but still ...I didn't think about work or bills or my exwife once....mission accomplished.
The movie was fantastic and funny. Tons of funny scenes and amazing effects.
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Gold Reigns Supreme At The 85th Annual Academy Awards
Nicole Kidman, Academy Award nominee Jessica Chastain, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Kristen Stewart, and Academy Award nominee Kathryn Bigelow among others all select gold jewelry to accent their award gowns
Feb 24, 2013, 11:10 ET
LOS ANGELES, Feb. 24, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- On the 2013 Oscar red carpet, gold has proven itself to be the most flexible of materials complementing both sweeping glamorous looks and defined directional fashion. Rose gold and diamond jewelry and yellow gold pieces provided hued embellishments to sensual skin toned Oscar gowns, while modern yellow gold jewelry ornamented chic metallic frocks.
Rose gold accented a refreshingly feminine look for Kristen Stewart in a Reem Acra ivory and blush gown. The actress who normally eschews necklaces chose a vintage Fred Leighton rose gold and diamond riviere necklace to adorn her along with a vintage rose gold and diamond ring.
Best Director nominee Kathryn Bigelow's gold and emerald earrings from Neil Lane and gold and emerald snake bangle from Solange Azagury-Partridge were the gilt touch to her jade column gown.
Presenter Nicole Kidman ruled the red carpet in a dazzling black and gold L'Wren Scott sequined gown, finished with statement gold earrings and bracelet from Fred Leighton.
Celebrities that wore gold jewelry to the Academy Awards this year include:
CATHERINE ZETA-JONES - Lorraine Schwartz gold earrings with earth tone colored natural diamonds.
KRISTEN STEWART – Fred Leighton 19th Century rose gold and old mine cut diamond riviere necklace and rose gold and old mine diamond navette shaped ring, circa 1900.
KATHRYN BIGELOW – Neil Lane gold, emerald and diamond earrings and Solange Azagury-Partridge 18k yellow gold, emerald and diamond snake cuff.
RENEE ZELLWEGER – Van Cleef & Arpel "Mystery Set" bracelet with rubies and diamonds in platinum and yellow gold, 1960 "Twin Ruby" bracelets with diamonds set in platinum and yellow gold, and 1945 yellow gold Minaudiere with diamonds, rubies, and sapphires.
OLIVIA MUNN – Yellow gold flower stud earrings.
SALMA HAYEK – Cindy Chao Maple Leaves chocker in yellow gold and diamonds as hairpiece.
NICOLE KIDMAN – Fred Leighton 19th century yellow gold and black enamel pendant earrings and yellow gold and diamond chain cuff bracelet.
GLORIA REUBEN – Neil Lane yellow gold and pave diamond bangle and yellow gold and diamond floral motif earrings. Yellow gold and diamond cluster ring
JANE FONDA – Chopard yellow gold earrings
JESSICA CHASTAIN – Harry Winston vintage 1967 diamond and yellow gold bracelet.
SAMANTHA BARKS – House of Waris for Forevermark Light Emanating from the Heart pendant in 18k yellow gold with Oval Forevermark diamond.
CATT SADLER – Solange Azagury-Partridge 18k yellow gold triangle necklace.
OCTAVIA SPENCER- Lorraine Schwartz 18k rose gold and diamond mesh earrings and 18k rose gold and diamond ring.
NAOMI HARRIS – H.Stern Spring earrings in 18k yellow gold with clear quartz and Sunrise bracelet in 18k yellow gold with citrines and diamonds.
Photos available upon request.
LoveGold seeks out the world's most beautiful gold jewelry, the designers creating it and the people wearing it.
LoveGold™ is an initiative from the World Gold Council. LoveGold™, the magpie design and the World Gold Council are trademarks of the World Gold Council and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
SOURCE LoveGold


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Surviving Australia - Exhibition Guide for Teachers
On this page...
An outline of what you will see in each section and the key components that will intrigue and excite you.
How much do you know about the beautiful and bizarre animals that call Australia home? The Surviving Australia exhibition unlocks the secrets and surprises of many of Australia's animals. It reveals both their diversity and adaptations for survival over millions of years of changing climate and landscape.
The Surviving Australia exhibition has seven main sections:
- Blue Edge
- Island Homes
- Our Backyard
- Dangerous Australians
- Adapt or Die: specialists on land and in freshwater
- Adapt or Die: specialists over time
- Where Are They Now
There are also several smaller displays and components:
- Stromatolites
- Scientists' Stories
Blue Edge
Where can you see penguins at the beach, or find gardens older than the pyramids? At Australia's blue edge - where land meets sea - and people meet marine life.
This section focuses on Australia's temperate marine waters.
Rocky reefs
Rocky reefs are the great shelves of rock along the blue edge where the ocean floor rises up and becomes land. Surrounded by dense beds of aquatic plant life, they provide food and shelter for thriving colonies of fishes, crustaceans, molluscs, sea stars, colourful sea slugs and thousands of other animals.
See a diversity of rocky reef survivors and their adaptations including sea dragons, sea stars, sea urchins and rock lobsters.
Simple is best
In the deep waters off the blue edge there are gardens that are older than the pyramids. These are Australia's sponge gardens - undersea colonies of animals, some of which are more than 9000 years old.
Did you know that there are about 15,000 species of sponge in the world and five thousand of these live around Australia with about 160 living in the Sydney region?
Intelligent invertebrates
Squid, cuttlefish and octopus belong to the sub-group of molluscs known as cephalopods. They have the most advanced nervous system of all invertebrates and have excellent eyesight with the ability to recognise colour, shape and texture.
See the Common Sydney Octopus, and find out why a squid needs a pen. Did you know octopuses have blue blood? Find out why.
Masters of disguise
Sea slugs, or nudibranchs, have an amazing ability to camouflage themselves by developing colours and patterns that closely match the environment in which they live.
Life's a beach
Most beach animals escape our notice because they're small and spend their lives beneath the sand. Other animals we can readily see. Take a look at some of these beach survivors. And next time you hit the surf remember you're just visiting - these animals are at home.
Find out what a 'Hairy Mary' is, and see Giant Beach Worms, Blue Bottles, beach crabs and the smallest species of penguin in the world - the Fairy Penguin.
Mangrove swamps
Mangrove swamps are extremely important habitats. Did you know that about 75 per cent of all commercial fish species spend part of their life cycle in mangrove swamps? They provide food and sheltered breeding and nursery grounds that numerous aquatic animals couldn't survive without.
Find out about some of the special adaptations of the Grey Mangrove and learn about some of the crabs commonly found among mangrove swamps - the Semaphore Crabs, Soldier Crabs and Blue Swimmer Crabs.
Swimming dangerously?
Each year, the blue edge of Australia claims more than 40 human lives. The vast majority of these deaths are from drowning, not venom or teeth; but Australian waters are certainly home to some very dangerous animals.
Learn to recognise some of our dangerous marine creatures including the Blue-ringed Octopus; cone shells and lionfish. See an Irukandji Jellyfish and discover some of the sharks it is best to avoid!
Highlights in Blue Edge:
- Watch live invertebrate animals in a three-metre-long marine tank. Be mesmerised by a massed group of cuttlefish and look for other marine dwellers such as sea stars, sea urchins, anemones and sea snails.
- Use a touch-screen interactive to explore the weird and wonderful sea creatures adapted to the extreme environments of the deep sea and seamounts off the coast of Australia.
Island Homes
Want to see survival of the fittest played out in fast-forward? Take a look at an island.
Change comes in many forms: the introduction of exotic species, human colonisation, and the thriving and extinction of island species.
Christmas Island - red crab vs yellow ant
Every year Christmas Island Red Land Crabs leave their forest homes together to breed at the nearest beach. It's a dangerous journey that can last up to 18 days and, in recent years, it's become increasingly perilous. The crabs now have to contend with introduced Yellow Crazy Ants.
Find out whether the Red Land Crabs are doomed or whether there is hope for their survival.
Kangaroo Island - too much of a good thing?
In the 1920s, small groups of threatened native species were shipped to Kangaroo Island for safe keeping. It was a mammoth experiment in conservation. But some species are doing too well.
Learn about the wallabies, koalas and other species whose numbers are now so high that they are destroying the habitats that sustain them.
Lord Howe Island - return of the woodhen
Lord Howe is home to many rare and endangered species. Following human settlement of the Island, the once-abundant Lord Howe Island Woodhen became one of the most endangered birds in the world.
Find out why it became endangered and how conservation activities are now helping.
Macquarie Island - cool parakeets
The colourful Macquarie Island Red-crowned Parakeet must once have been an astonishing sight on this cold sub-Antarctic island. But by 1891, the Macquarie Island Red-crowned Parakeets were no more.
Discover the story behind their extinction.
Penguins galore
There are 17 species of penguin in the world and they all live in the southern hemisphere. Generally, the bigger the penguin, the further south it lives.
Examine the many special adaptations of these quirky birds.
Highlights in Island Homes:
- See six different penguin species including the smallest and the largest!
Stromatolites - the ultimate survivors
This display focuses on rock-like structures that are the world's oldest direct evidence of life. Stromatolites start life as blue-green algae called cyanobacteria - billions of tiny living cells held together by a mucous secretion. Sadly, rising sea levels are now impacting the few surviving stromatolites on earth.
See the world's oldest direct evidence of life - a stromatolite that's about 3430 million years old.
- From the past to the present, and onwards to the future, global warming and sea level rises are changing the environment. Use a multimedia touch screen to explore sea level changes over the past and projected rises in the future.
See past sea levels 20, 60 and 130 thousand years ago. Don't miss the chance to find out how rising sea levels will impact the Sydney landscape in the future. Whose house will be underwater with a five-metre or perhaps a 30-metre sea level rise?
Our Backyard
What are you sharing your backyard with? All sorts of animals survive in our urban sprawl - come and meet your neighbours!
It's easy to dismiss flies as annoying, numerous irritations that buzz persistently around your head, walk all over your food and need to be exterminated with fly spray. But there's much, much more to flies than that.
Did you know there are more species of fly in Australia than there are fish, reptile, amphibian, bird and mammal species put together? Learn about the fly life cycle, find out why flies swarm, and discover some of the great diversity of Aussie flies.
Urban nightlife
You might be surprised how many nocturnal animals there are - hooting and chattering, running around your roof or, if you listen very hard, flapping past your window.
Find out about the lives and specialised adaptations some of the bats, owls, gliders, possums and spiders that come out at night.
Pools of fresh water in your backyard are microcosms of life, teeming with insects, spiders and other invertebrates that can dive, swim and walk on water. These freshwater communities are important components of backyard biodiversity, supporting other animals such as frogs and birds.
Look closely and you'll see there's plenty more to pond life than mozzies! See water beetles, water bugs, dragon flies and damsel flies, wrigglers and even a water spider. Learn about the life cycles of some of our neighbourhood pond dwellers.
Scribbly Gum
Scribbly gums' smooth, pale, mottled trunks are covered with dark brown marks which look just like a child has scribbled all over the bark. These are 'mines' made by the larvae of scribbly gum moths as they feed.
Learn about the tiny moths that are responsible for the scribbles in the 'scribbly gum'. Find out about cicadas and their long life cycles. View film focussing on the great diversity of life in a scribbly gum from canopy to roots over the course of a year.
What's in your backyard?
We usually only notice the backyard residents we find annoying, frightening or pretty, but there's more to see than cockroaches, Redbacks and Rainbow Lorikeets.
Discover which animals thrive in our urban sprawl as you compare our mini-backyards with yours. See a fantastic diversity of backyard creatures - large and small, native and introduced. How many do you recognise?
Highlights in Our Backyard:
- Sit at the discovery bench and explore a range of changing displays and activities on camouflage, adaptations, and the minibeasts that live in pools and on land.
- Come face to face with live animals including a Diamond Python, Eastern Blue-tongue Lizard, Green Tree Frog and invertebrates such as stick insects.
Dangerous Australians
Australia is known world-wide for its dangerous animals but is this reputation really deserved?
On average, all the people killed in Australia each year by snakes, crocs or sharks can be counted on just one hand. So what do you think? Is our dangerous reputation really fair?
Australia's most venomous snakes
Australia is home to 190 species of snake. Twenty-five are toxic to humans and 20 of those are among the
25 most venomous snakes in the world.
See the top 10 most venomous snakes in the world - they're all Australian! Learn about them and about snake fangs and venom.
Huge, predatory Saltwater Crocodiles are one of Australia's most famous dangers. They're also the world's biggest living crocodiles!
Learn some fascinating facts about our giant 'Salties'.
Aussie Mozzies
Mosquitoes are a major irritation in Australia but they can be more than just a pest. Worldwide, mosquitoes transmit disease to more than 700 million people a year.
Find out about the special senses of mosquitoes that allow them to find you from 36 metres away! Discover which parts of Australia have mosquitoes that carry diseases such as Ross River Fever, Australian Encephalitis and Dengue Fever.
Highlights in Dangerous Australians:
- The ten fact files focus on animals from the sea: Blue-ringed Octopus, Box Jellyfish, Great White Shark and Saltwater Crocodile; and animals from the land: Eastern Brown Snake, Common Death Adder, Sydney Funnel-web Spider, Redback Spider, Jack Jumper Ant and European Honey Bee.
Adapt or Die: Specialists on land and in freshwater
Australia's great diversity of animals have adapted to life in harsh deserts, lush wetlands and everywhere between. Meet some Aussie survivors and find out how they've done it.
Freshwater survivors
An unusual range of animals have evolved to cope with Australia's freshwater systems. Our lakes and billabongs, wetlands and rivers are all teeming with animals that have adapted to unpredictable rainfall patterns, fluctuating evaporation rates and cycles of drought and flood.
Find out about some of the vertebrate and invertebrate animals that live in freshwater.
Famous, but shy
The Platypus looks like no other animal in the world. It has webbed feet and a duck-like bill, but also claws and fur. It lays eggs and has no nipples, yet it suckles its young.
See a diorama of a Platypus burrow complete with a baby platypus and learn about this secretive animal's special adaptations. Gather additional information about Platypuses by visiting the section on Adapt or Die: specialists over time.
Underground living
Underground hideaways are cool when it's hot and warm when it's cold. They also offer dry, safe places in which to raise young and sleep, protected from predators.
Meet some of the Australian animals that dig and live below the surface and learn about their habits and habitats. Some, like the wombat, may be familiar, but did you know that there are burrowing birds, frogs and possums too? And don't miss the bilby in its burrow.
The wanderers
One of the best ways to survive completely dry conditions is to avoid them altogether. Nomadic animals, particularly those in the desert, will move from place to place, following the rains and sporadic flourishings.
Find out about some of Australia's nomadic birds. Learn about one of our distinctive national emblems - the Emu - and see an adult and its chicks.
Boom and bust
While some desert animals constantly follow the rain, other animals wait for the rain to come to them. This is the boom and bust cycle of desert living.
Find out about a grasshopper that only eats and reproduces after rain, and learn about the native Plains Rat that doesn't need to drink!
Extreme recycling
Whether they wander from place to place or wait for the rains to come, desert animals need to make super-efficient use of every precious drop of fluid they find.
Discover the adaptations of certain lizards, birds and mammals that minimise water use. Some of these adaptations are behavioural, others relate to external body features, and then there are internal adaptations such as the ability to produce completely dry poo.
Koala and Frilled Lizard
Koalas are famous for spending most of their time asleep in trees. Another tree climber, the Frilled Lizard, is usually more active.
See a koala and find out why koalas are adapted to sleep. Did you know the Frilled Lizard is the only lizard in the world that has a frill? Find out what the frill is used for.
Echidna and Lyrebird
Echidnas are highly successful survivors, surviving in different habitats all over the country, from above the snowline in the Snowy Mountains to the edge of the Simpson Desert. The lyrebird is the largest Australian songbird, and not only gives a spectacular singing performance but is also a great dancer.
See the spectacular tail of the lyrebird and find out about some of the echidna's special adaptations. Gather additional information about echidnas by visiting the section on Adapt or Die: specialists over time.
Desert survivors
The sculptural red chards located on the central pathway represent the cliff walls of central desert chasms.
Look in, on and around the walls to see a range of desert specialists and survivors. Mammals include a Red Kangaroo, Dingo and microbats. Birds include a Wedge-tailed Eagle, Nankeen Kestrel and Zebra Finches. Reptiles include a Perentie, Woma Python and Thorny Devil.
Highlights in Adapt or Die: specialists on land and in freshwater
- See some of Australia's freshwater survivors live. A large display tank recreates a freshwater habitat complete with live juvenile Freshwater Crocodiles, Krefft's River Turtles, and Freshwater Crayfish.
- See many of Australia's iconic animals including those shown on the following Australian coins:
Five cent - Echidna; Ten cent - Lyrebird; Twenty cent - Platypus; Fifty cent - Emu and kangaroo (supporting the coat of arms).
Adapt or Die: specialists over time
If you think some of Australia's modern-day animals are strange, you should see their ancestors - killer marsupial 'lions', giant wombats and echidnas, fanged kangaroos and the largest marsupial that ever lived - the Diprotodon.
Monotremes - the great survivors
Monotremes have been around longer than any other group of living mammals. The oldest known monotreme lived alongside the dinosaurs - 115 million years ago. The fossil record shows that many other species of monotreme once lived in Australia including platypuses with adult teeth and long-beaked echidnas that are now only found in New Guinea.
Unravel the Platypus' long lineage in 'Puzzle of the Platypus' and find out about the 15-million-year fossil record of echidnas in 'Echidnas - beaks long and short'. Gather additional information about modern Platypuses and echidnas by visiting the section on Adapt or Die: specialists on land and in freshwater.
Meet the megafauna
From about 15 million years ago, many animals around the world began evolving into larger and larger forms, reaching their peak in the last two million years. These animals are known as the 'megafauna'.
See real fossils of a variety of Australian megafauna that are now extinct. Learn how big they were. What was the 'Demon Duck of Doom'?
Vanished giants - what happened?
It would be pretty obvious if megafauna were wandering around today. So what happened to them? Some adapted to change, evolving into the species we know today; the rest died out within the last 100,000 years.
Find out about the great Pleistocene megafauna extinction and discover some of the giants that shrunk.
Diprotodon - giant wombats?
Diprotodon looks a lot like a giant wombat but it's not! While it is a relative of today's wombats and koalas, this megafauna giant belongs to an extinct family, the diprotodontids.
Did you know that Diprotodon optatum is the largest known marsupial of all time? Read the Diprotodon fact file and look at its fossils to learn more.
Australia's marsupial lions
Eight species of marsupial lion have so far been identified, getting progressively larger over time from the size of a domestic cat to the size of a leopard. The largest was one of our megafauna - the formidable Thylacoleo carnifex.
Find out why Thylacoleo carnifex was 'the world's best carnivore'. Read its fact file and look at its fossils to learn more.
Thylacines - the end of an ancient line
Thylacines were around a very long time, first appearing in the fossil record about 28 million years ago, and there may have been as many as 13 different species over time. The only modern species - the Tasmanian Tiger - is one of Australia's most famous extinctions.
Find out about a megafauna thylacine, the Powerful Thylacine. Read its fact file to learn more. Look at the fossils of the modern Tasmanian Tiger. Did you know it once lived all over Australia?
Kangaroos - to hop or not to hop?
All kangaroos hop, right? Not quite. Many do, but many others climb, crawl and walk on all fours. In fact, until about 17 million years ago, no kangaroos hopped.
Learn about the evolution of Australia's iconic kangaroos from the earliest tree scrambling, possum-like creatures through to the kangaroos found today. See a short-faced kangaroo skeleton - one of our now extinct megafauna. Compare the amazing diversity of modern kangaroos in the display 'The who's who of 'roos' showcasing 12 modern kangaroos - large and small.
Highlights in Adapt or Die: specialists over time:
Meet our giants from the past as you come face to face with unique Australian megafauna. See life-sized reconstructions of:
- the Diprotodon, Diprotodon optatum
- the Powerful Thylacine
- the Marsupial Lion, Thylacoleo carnifex
And see many real fossils of the megafauna.
Scientists' Stories
This mini theatrette audiovisual presentation showcases a selection of short stories about the research projects of Australian Museum scientists. The stories will change over time so they remain up-to-date. Currently there are five stories, running for approximately three minutes each.
The Australian White Ibis
Scientist - Richard Major
Since there are now breeding colonies near several city airports, ibis present a threat to aircraft - they are recognised as Australia's 'Number 2' air-strike risk.
Find out what the research scientist is studying and what the results to date indicate regarding ibis populations.
Larval fish
Scientists - Amanda Hay and Jeff Leis
The beginning of life for most reef fishes is a very tumultuous one as they develop and search for a reef to call home.
Learn about the problems that beset baby fish. Find out how the early results from this research project have astonished the scientists and how they hope to help with the protection of our reef fish and marine environment in the future.
Collecting and naming species
Scientist - Dan Bickel
Most people are unaware of the great diversity of species that exist in the natural world, and that most species are still undescribed by science. This story follows the process of describing species, from field capture to the identification or description of a new species.
Find out why collecting and naming species is important and how it helps us understand and care for our environment.
Dromornithids - megafauna birds from the past
Scientist - Walter Boles
Large flightless birds once roamed Australia and their remains are found at many fossil sites. They were members of our megafauna but we know little about them - about how they lived or why they died out. One of the intriguing members of this group is the two-and-a-half-metre tall 'Demon Duck of Doom'.
Find out about some of the things we do know and learn why the research to find out more about these fascinating birds will, in turn, give us a better insight into extinction and evolution.
The thylacine cloning project
In 1999 the Australian Museum launched a project to clone the thylacine, or Tasmanian Tiger.
Find out about this research project - its past and its potential future. How and why was this attempted? Why was it important? Why was the project abandoned and is there a future for the project?
- Find out about some Australian scientists and Australian scientific research. See what the scientists do and learn why their research is important.


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- SpecsConvert Specs to MetricMax Weight of Workpiece5,000 lb
- Product Overview
Unique to IRCO, the Beam Positioner can lift, rotate and tilt to allow optimal weld positioning. The robust design of the Beam Positioner makes it ideally suited for manipulating tanks, trucks, trains, buckets, etc.
- About Company
IRCO Automation designs, engineers and manufactures welding positioners and integrated welding automation solutions. The company's standard products include: weld positioners, 3-axis weld positioners, turning rolls, column & boom weld manipulators, welding tractors, turntables, seamers and planishers. IRCO's welding automation solutions include: fit up systems for heavy cylindrical vessels, robotic gantries, welding lathes and material handling & fixturing systems. IRCO was founded in 1963 and has manufacturing facilities in Burlington, ON and Grand Rapids, MI. IRCO Automation is a division of Roman Manufacturing Inc.