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When Technologies Collide: Consumer, K-12 and Higher Ed
By Frank Catalano
Schools have been adopting iPads with lightning speed -- more than 1.5 million have already been distributed to students, a mere two years after the original iPad launch. But beyond Apple's influence in education, the high-profile tablet appears to be the poster child for a different trend.
Call it the consumerization of education technology.
What the iPad's rapid incursion into the classroom masks is that the walls that used to slow new instructional technology's adoption in education are falling. And when walls fall, what's inside can spill out in any one of several directions.
Sponsored By
A decade ago, the standard education technology adoption cycle was pretty straightforward. Cool tech was traditionally seeded in the consumer market. If the technology could be useful enough for teaching, it might be adopted in higher education where older students and their parents were the consumers. Then, after being thoroughly vetted and validated, it might eventually work its way down into K-12 classrooms where schools and districts bought the technology.
It was a long process, one that itself might take a decade -- and for good reasons.
First, relative to today, technology was expensive – in 2002, a laptop with 512MB RAM, a 30GB hard drive and 15" screen running Windows XP or Mac OS X, sporting a not-so-fast 802.11b Wi-Fi connection and modem, cost about $3,000. For the most part, with the exception of these heavy laptops and some not-so-smart phones, mobile technologies were relatively unfamiliar in education.
Internet infrastructure was also a challenge. If any Web connections were prevalent in schools, they were rarely wireless. It really hasn't been so long since NetDay, a grassroots volunteer effort, physically wired 75,000 classrooms for Internet access in 40 states between 1996 and 2001.
Yet the old evaluation cycle would work, haltingly. Online classes and distance learning began in higher education, as did digital textbooks, before filtering though the adoption strata into K-12 education.
Other times a technology might stall or dead-end. While consumers were buying multimedia CD-ROMs for home educational use in the 1990s, for instance, schools were still investing in libraries of LaserDiscs.
But in the past handful of years, this traditional adoption cycle has been compressed – if not completely overturned.
The iPad is just one example, as it moves from the consumer market to both higher education and K-12, not trickling through the former to reach the latter. A survey released in March by Harris Interactive and the Pearson Foundation found that 25% of college students own tablets (63% of those are iPads), tripling from 7% in a single year. At the same time, 17% of high school seniors own tablets, quadrupling from 4%.
Another instance: Online learning is bubbling back into consumer from higher ed. MITx, an online-only initiative of MIT open to learners outside of the physical campus, attracted 120,000 students to its first course this spring – and could lead to an optional, official certification of completion for many. Even K-12 participates in this blurring: interactive whiteboards, a staple of many school classrooms, have made inroads into colleges and universities with 38% of college students recently telling a Book Industry Study Group survey that they use them "to a large extent."
On one hand, this decade-long lag allowed for thoughtful analysis, planning and observations of technologies that worked and were not just passing fads. On the other hand, it let educational institutions get horribly out of sync with the rest of students' lives. But that time lapse has apparently become an adoption lag of two-to-three years. Or less.
A good chunk of the reason for the change is rational. Technology, now, is increasingly cheap. That $3,000 laptop is now about $500-700 – plus it's far more powerful, and could be a netbook or a tablet with an optional keyboard. Upfront purchase instructional software is now supplemented or replaced entirely by individual apps, digital subscriptions or "free" Open Educational Resources.
And the required infrastructure has moved from wired and plugged to wireless, cloud-based and battery-operated, leapfrogging the earlier NetDay efforts.
But an equally large part of the reason for the acceleration may be both biological and psychological: Technology's presence is familiar, almost expected, to accomplish a task. It's not just students who are "digital natives" these days. No one under the age of 30 knew adolescence without a Web browser, let alone a personal computer (introduced, respectively, in 1993 and 1977). That means a lot of teachers, administrators and even education policy makers carry the same tech expectations as their students.
Finally, layer on three outside forces that are caffeinating the bees in this consumer/K-12/higher ed cross-pollination. Venture capitalists see K-12's Common Core State Standards leveling the playing field by potentially lessening the cost for entrants to be "standards aligned," and able to sell into one nearly 50-state market rather than up to 50 individual state-standard specific markets. Foundations consider tech a lever for education reform.
And don't forget there are the non-edu technologists, who see an unmet need and are being propelled into ed-tech through competitions such as Startup Weekend EDU, SXSWedu's LAUNCHedu, and at three years old, the comparative granddaddy of such events, the Software and Information Industry Association's Innovation Incubator.
What all these external efforts have in common is that they don't necessarily respect the traditional separations between types of education markets. So what results is often a Dr. Doolittle pushmi-pullyu-esque mashup of ideas that could play in one or more of K-12, higher education, continuing/professional education, lifelong education and direct-to-parent. All of which will cause the walls to crumble even more.
Project Tomorrow, in last year's Speak Up National Research Project report, summed up a key facet of the change: "Today's students are functioning as a Digital Advance Team for the rest of us, scouting out these new technologies, adopting them for use in their personal lives and then effectively adapting them for education purpose…."
Except now, those digital scouts could be anyone who brings an outside device or app into a school or college.
Sponsored By
The result? Something different, fluid, with less domain separation and more immediate influence. Altogether, it likely represents an unprecedented convergence of K-12, higher education and consumer technology – or a collision, one in which no tech, person or preconceived notion is just an innocent bystander.
Frank Catalano is a consultant, author and veteran analyst of digital education and consumer technologies. He tweets @FrankCatalano, consults as Intrinsic Strategy, and writes the regular Practical Nerd column for GeekWire.


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Seth.singham necesitaba un nuevo diseño de tema de wordpress y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 47 diseños de 9 diseñadores freelance.
Consilium Technology Pty Ltd is a professional services company specialising in software development and technical business analysis.
Consilium Technology Pty Ltd follows a principle based approach to software development leveraging proven requirements, design, and implementation techniques that have evolved over the past 50 years. Some techniques include but are not limited to:
- maintaining regular and open communications with the customer;
- Agile SDLC incorporating a flexible v-model for each iteration;
- practical use of design patterns;
- Model Driven Architecture (MDA) with the Unified Modelling Language (UML); and
- modelling complex legacy systems for improved maintainability;
More details can be found at the website, consiliumt.com.
The target audience is for the following types of businesses/organisations:
- existing technology solutions providers who require resources to implement their solutions;
- small businesses who require a technical business analyst to design a system solution and provide follow on implementation
- defence research industries who require software development support
- defence acquisition organisations who require systems engineering support
The types of people the logo should appeal to are:
- technology professionals
- small business owners
- project managers
- executive level business people
- mid to upper management types in large organisations
Some examples of businesses in the target audience are:
- raytheon.com.au
- saabsytems.com.au
- smsmt.com.au
- baesystems.com
- asc.com.au
1. The website shall have a tone of professionalism.
2. The website shall have a tone that indicates the company is technology based.
3. The website may contain background photos/images.
4. The website shall be provided in the following file formats:
- The original file format of the program used to create the image, eg. Photoshop, Illustrator, etc.
5. The website shall be coded to a wordpress.com sandbox theme - so keep this under consideration with your designs.
6. The website shall contain the consilium technology logo (attached)
7. The website shall contain the following header links: Home; About; Services; Blog; Contact
I'm looking for you, the designers, to tell me how the website will initially look. So let the designs rip and I look forward to actively providing lots of feedback during the process.

subset: commoncrawl


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Let's operate under the assumption, which isn't hard to do, the New York Mets won't acquire the long-ball hitting left fielder they covet. Given that, the Mets' outfield – from left to right – should be Curtis Granderson, Juan Lagares and Matt den Dekker.
Lagares is a finalist for the NL Gold Glove in center field, along with Billy Hamilton and Denard Span. The award is determined by 75 percent input from managers and coaches and 25 percent by statistics.
Lagares proved this season he can field the position and steal a base, but he's far from polished offensively, evidenced by a low on-base percentage and propensity for striking out. If he's going to compete for the leadoff spot those two areas must be improved.
I would move Granderson from right to left – there's your homer hitting left fielder – because it's easier to play than right. You want a polished defender in right, which is den Dekker.
This should the full time opportunity he didn't get last season because the Mets wasted their time with Chris Young. Yeah, I know it's piling on.
All three could benefit from new hitting coach Kevin Long's tutelage.
Granderson thrived under Long with the Yankees, hitting over 40 homers and driving in over 100 runs in 2011 and 2012. Unfortunately, he also struck out 169 and 195 times in 2011 and 2012, respectively.
Maybe Granderson will benefit with the closer fences in Citi Field, but if Long can get him to cut his strikeouts and use the whole field, he could live up to that contract. Granderson's on-base percentages and strikeout rates were much better playing in spacious Comerica Park, giving the impression he was seduced by the Yankee Stadium bandbox.
As for Lagares, his 87-to-20 strikeouts-to-walks ratio is something he must improve because in this era teams can't afford to carry an offensive liability no matter how good he is in the field.
Den Dekker showed he's worthy of the opportunity based on his production over a limited 152 at-bats with a .250 average and .345 on-base percentage.
This is potentially a good outfield defensively, but if they prove they can hit, the Mets will be greatly improved.


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Jack Nicholson explains Hollywood absence
The One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest star, who last appeared in a film in 2010, was said to have stepped out of the spotlight because he can no longer memorise scripts.
However, Nicholson insists the speculation is completely false and maintains the only reason he isn't on the big screen is because he no longer has the desire to act.
He tells The Sun, "I have a mathematician's brain... I'm not going to work until the day I die, that's not why I started this. I mean, I'm not driven. I was driven - but I'm not, I don't have to be out there any more. In fact, there's part of me that never really liked being out there... You get older, you change."
The 76 year old, who began his career in the 1950s, also fears audiences no longer enjoy the type of films he wants to make: "The movie business is the greatest business but I only want to do films that move people, films about emotions and people. I had the most chilling thought that maybe people in their twenties and thirties don't actually want to be moved anymore. They may want just to see more bombs, more explosions, because that is what they have grown up with. And I'll never do that type of movie."


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Naone is a young artist from south Madrid, Spain. His best disciplines talking about Advertising are ilustration, painting and graphic desing.
His style is characteristic because he combines elements from Street-Art, Pop Art and Minimalism and how he uses the typographies.
All works by naone (2 pictures)


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This was a rare game where the Angels' ninth-inning walkoff hit, courtesy of Grant Green, wasn't the big story.
Mike Trout and Albert Pujols imitating the bow-and-arrow routine of Seattle Mariners closer Fernando Rodney was the deal in the Angels' 6-5 victory Sunday at Angel Stadium.
For just the second time this season, Rodney was called on to attempt a five-out save for Seattle. After he got Kole Calhoun to fly out to the track in center field for the final out of the eighth inning, Rodney did his bow-and-arrow routine on the field, something he usually does after a converting a save. But this was only the eighth inning.
With the Angels trailing 5-4 in the ninth, Trout was issued a leadoff walk and scored from first on Pujols' double to right. After Trout scored, he did his version of the bow-and-arrow toward Pujols, and Pujols responded by making the same gesture.
To fans, it sure looked like a nasty rivalry could be brewing with former Angel Rodney, but Rodney, Trout and Pujols, all parties directly involved, didn't seem to have a problem with it.
"It was spur of the moment," Trout said. "It's baseball. We're having fun. It was a pretty exciting inning."
After Pujols' game-tying double, Josh Hamilton singled and Howie Kendrick was intentionally walked. David Freese hit into a double play. but Green then singled to center, scoring Hamilton for the win. Trout was smiling and laughing after the game, and said he and Rodney talked at the All-Star Game.
"We're cool for sure," Trout said. "Like I keep saying, Rodney is Rodney. He's a funny guy. No hard feelings."
Same goes for Pujols, who figured Rodney maybe thought it was the ninth inning because Pujols said the scoreboard was wrong and said it was the ninth inning for about half of the eighth inning.
"I've known him for 15 years," Pujol said. "I told him I would do that one day … That's why he was laughing. I think he thought it was the ninth inning."
That wasn't the case.
"I did it that for the fans," Rodney said. "When I came out, they booed me. I did that for them. It's part of the game."
Angels manager Mike Scioscia was salty in his exchange with reporters on the bow-and-arrow imitations. He refused to answer more than one question about it.
"I said what I said, Fernando is animated," Scioscia said. "And our guys noticed it."
There were some Angels who seemed irked by Rodney's antics.
"He woke up our dugout," Green said. "At the time, we didn't have a key hit. He did that at the wrong time with Trout, Pujols and Josh coming up."
Angels starter Tyler Skaggs, who had a rough first inning in which he gave up three runs on five hits, pitched well after that and went 6 2/3 innings before his day was done.
"I didn't see it," Skaggs said. "I heard about it, and I'm glad we scored. It just goes to show you, don't rile up our team. We have a lot of good hitters and a lot of good people. I look forward to the next time we play them."
The Angels and Mariners made for a thrilling weekend. The Angels won Friday's game 3-2 in 16 innings and lost Saturday's game 3-2 in 12 innings.
Facing an early deficit, Calhoun and Trout hit back-to-back solo home runs to tie the game at 3 in the third inning. Skaggs was back in a comfortable situation.
Luckily for the Angels, Skaggs didn't unravel. He faced the minimum 15 batters over the next five innings after that debacle of a first inning, allowing just one hit during that stretch, before he ran into trouble again in the seventh inning.
Some thought trouble was brewing in the eighth with Rodney's theatrics and again in the ninth when Trout and Pujols did their thing. Pujols said Rodney was laughing, but Rodney said he didn't see it.
"They did? They got emotional, maybe," Rodney said. "They beat me. That's all right. That's why they did that, I think. I'll have to check the video."
It won't be hard to find.
Green had the walkoff hit, and the Angels got their comeback win. This game didn't go extra innings, but it sure was exciting, bow-and-arrow imitations and all.


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Agenda Setting and Case Selection on the U.S. Supreme Court
Elizabeth A. Lane and Ryan C. Black
The Supreme Court's docket consists of thousands of cases each term, with petitioners hoping at least four justices will be compelled to grant review to their case. The decision to move a case from their docket to their calendar for oral arguments and all intermediate steps is what is known as the agenda-setting process. This is a fundamental step in the judicial process, as the Supreme Court cannot establish precedent and affect policy change without first deciding to review.
Constitutional Law
Axel Tschentscher
Research on constitutional law has come in different waves mirroring the development of states in recent decades. While the decolonization period of the 1960s still kept the old ties of constitutional "families," comparison based on such ties has become ever less persuasive since the 1980s wave of constitution making following the fall of the Berlin Wall. Research about de facto and de jure constitutional law now tends to embrace institutional details like judicial review powers and procedures of direct democracy. The field of comparative constitutional law is controversial both in methods and substance. It still lacks a consistent framework of comparative tools and is criticized as illegitimate by scholars who insist on the interpretive autonomy within each constitutional system.
Research in the area of fundamental rights has to deal with long-lasting controversies like the constitutionality of the death penalty. Bioethical regulation is another new field where constitutional positions tend to diverge rather than converge. Embryonic stem cell research, therapeutic cloning, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, and surrogate motherhood are examples from biotechnology and reproductive medicine where constitutional scholars disagree about what, if anything, constitutional law can contribute to provide a basis or limit for regulation. With the worldwide rise of constitutional courts and judicial review, the standards for the interpretation of fundamental rights become more important. Legal scholarship has worked out the differences between the rule-oriented approach associated with Anglo-American legal systems versus the principle-based approach common to continental Europe.
Courts and Social Policy
Jeb Barnes
How do courts affect social policy? Answering this question is deceptively complex. Part of the challenge stems from the sheer scope of contemporary judicial policymaking, particularly in the United States, where litigation reaches into nearly every nook and cranny of the American welfare state and casts a shadow on policy issues ranging from marriage equality to healthcare reform. Another obstacle is that scholars remain deeply divided on fundamental questions about the nature of judicial decisions and how their policy effects should be studied. These disagreements, in turn, have engendered three very different approaches to studying the role of courts in social policy that often talk past each other. The dominant approach views judicial decisions as prescriptive rules—legal commands from the bench—and asks to what extent do judicial decisions change policy? This view implies that judicial decisions are "treatments" whose efficacy should be tested by measuring shifts in policy outcomes from the pre- to post-treatment period or across treatment and control groups. An alternative tradition envisages judicial decisions as a potential resource, which can be used by activists as leverage in building movements and pursuing agendas in multiple forums. Here, the core question is not whether court decisions produce abrupt policy shifts, but how activists use them to challenge the status quo, mobilize interests, and generate pressure for policy change. A third approach sees legal precedent as a constitutive framework that shapes and constrains policymaking and its politics over time. The test for whether law matters under this approach centers on the degree to which judicial decisions influence the developmental trajectories of policy and politics, which includes consideration of paths not taken in the policymaking process.
That is not to say that the literature is wholly discordant. Despite their significant conceptual differences, these approaches tend to converge on the general idea that judicial policymaking shares many attributes with other policymaking processes: the implementation of judicial decisions, like statues and regulations, is contested and subject to capture by sophisticated interests; litigation, like lobbying, is a form of mobilization that seeks to translate policy grievances into effective political demands; judicial precedents, like other policies, generate policy feedbacks. Identifying similarities among judicial policymaking and its counterparts is a signature achievement in the study of courts and social policy, which has largely dispelled the "myth of rights" and simplistic notions that the law is somehow removed from politics. Yet it arguably has an unintended effect. Normalizing judicial policymaking—making it seem like other types of policymaking—threatens to render it less interesting as a distinct topic for research. This article suggests the time has come for all of the various research traditions in the field to return to foundational questions about what makes judicial policymaking distinctive and systematically study how these particular tilts and tendencies influence the continuing colloquy that drives the policymaking process.
The Diverging Theory and Practice of International Law
Leslie Johns
Existing theories of international law are largely state-centric. While international cooperation can benefit all, states are often tempted to violate their promises in order to manage economic and political crises. States must accordingly balance enforcement against flexibility: legal institutions must provide enough enforcement that states comply most of the time yet also provide enough flexibility that states can violate during crises. Such a balance is possible when laws are crafted and enforced by unitary actors that will tolerate occasional violations by others in order to preserve their own right to occasionally violate.
However, the changing doctrine of sovereign immunity has dramatically transformed the actual practice of international law. Non-state actors and domestic courts play an increasingly important role in challenging state legal violations, generating a divergence between the theory and practice of contemporary international law. This divergence is apparent in many issue areas, including terrorism, human rights, sovereign debt, and foreign investment. This divergence suggests that political scientists and legal scholars must reconsider the limits of state-centric theories and examine the role of non-state actors and domestic courts.
Expectancy Theory and the Election of Judges: Do Judicial Campaigns Really Stink?
Michael J. Nelson and James L. Gibson
Even though most judges in the United States stand for election in the context of strong normative objections to the practice of electing judges, political scientists have produced a surprisingly thin theoretical framework for understanding how judicial campaigns affect voters. This paucity of research is particularly surprising given the increasingly politicized environment in which judicial elections operate. The literature on judicial campaigns is well-served to draw upon the well-trodden research about campaign effects for executive and legislative office. In some important respects, however, judicial contests differ from those for executive or legislative office. To this end, the Expectancy Theory pioneered by James L. Gibson provides an important theoretical development, emphasizing that the effects of judicial campaigns are highly conditional upon variation in voters' willingness to tolerate different types of campaign activity. Moreover, the effects of campaigns are highly dependent on the context of both institutional design and voters' own experiences with judicial elections.
Freedom of Speech
Jonathan Riley
John Stuart Mill is a liberal icon, widely praised in particular for his stirring defense of freedom of speech. A neo-Millian theory of free speech is outlined and contrasted in important respects with what Frederick Schauer calls "the free speech ideology" that surrounds the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, and with Schauer's own "pre-legal" theory of free speech. Mill cannot reasonably be interpreted to defend free speech absolutism if speech is understood broadly to include all expressive conduct. Rather, he is best interpreted as defending an expedient policy of laissez-faire with exceptions, where four types of expression are distinguished, three of which (labeled Types B, C, and D) are public or other-regarding, whereas the fourth (labeled Type A) is private or self-regarding. Types C and D expression are unjust and ought to be suppressed by law and public stigma. They deserve no protection from coercive interference: they are justified exceptions to the policy of letting speakers alone. Consistently with this, a moral right to freedom of speech gives absolute protection to Type B public expression, which is "almost" self-regarding. Type A private expression also receives absolute protection, but it is truly self-regarding conduct and therefore covered by the moral right of absolute self-regarding liberty identified by Mill in On Liberty. There is no need for a distinct right of freedom of expression with respect to self-regarding speech. Strictly speaking, then, an expedient laissez-faire policy for public expression leaves the full protection of freedom of private expression to the right of self-regarding liberty.
An important application of the neo-Millian theory relates to an unjust form of hate speech that may be described as group libel. By creating, or threatening to create, a social atmosphere in which a targeted group is forced to live with a maliciously false public identity of criminality or subhumanity, such a group libel creates, or significantly risks creating, social conditions in which all individuals associated with the group must give up their liberties of self-regarding conduct and of Type B expression to avoid conflict with prejudiced and belligerent members of society, even though the libel itself does not directly threaten any assignable individual with harm or accuse him or her of any wrongdoing of his or her own. This Millian perspective bolsters arguments such as those offered by Jeremy Waldron for suppressing group libels. America is an outlier among advanced civil societies with respect to the regulation of such unjust hate speech, and its "free speech ideology" ought to be suitably reformed so that group libels are prevented or punished as immoral and unconstitutional.
From International Law and International Relations to Law and World Politics
Christopher A. Whytock
Political scientists—primarily in the discipline's international relations subfield—have long studied international law. After considering how political scientists and legal scholars define international law, this article identifies five stages of political science research on international law, including the current interdisciplinary international law and international relations (IL/IR) stage, and it reviews three trends in political science research that constitute an emerging sixth stage of interdisciplinary scholarship: a law and world politics (L/WP) stage. First, moving beyond the "IL" in IL/IR scholarship, international relations scholars are increasingly studying domestic law and domestic courts—not only their foundational role in supporting international law and international courts but also their direct role in core areas of international relations, including international conflict and foreign policy. Second, moving beyond the "IR" in IL/IR scholarship, political scientists are adapting their research on international law to the broader world politics trend in political science by studying types of law—including extraterritoriality, conflict of laws, private international law, and the law of transnational commercial arbitration—that govern the transnational activity of private actors and can either support or hinder private global governance. Third, moving beyond the domestic-international divide, political scientists are increasingly rejecting "international law exceptionalism," and beginning to take advantage of theoretical convergence across the domestic, comparative, and international politics subfields to develop a better general understanding law and politics.
Gender and the Law
Susan Haire and Laura P. Moyer
This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Please check back later for the full article.
Increased diversity among participants in the justice system, particularly judges, has fueled debates about the values and perspectives that women will bring to the law. Different theories advanced by social psychologists and feminist scholars argue for the premise that men and women in the legal system will approach questions of justice differently. In contrast, empirical scholarship offers only limited support for the expectation that the sex of the judge is related to behavioral outcomes. While most research has not uncovered differences in voting between men and women judges, one area in which consistent differences has been found is in sex discrimination cases.
Recent studies suggest, however, that individual differences between men and women judges may emerge if the focus shifts to the litigation process. In one study of trial courts, cases assigned to women judges were more likely to be settled. In another study of appellate courts, women judges were more likely to pen majority opinions that adopted a compromise position. These findings suggest the promise of shifting the analytical focus away from behavioral outcomes to consider whether, and how, women and men in the legal system shape litigation processes. Doing so will require additional data and triangulated approaches that employ both quantitative and qualitative methods.
Additional research is also needed to explore how shifts in the gender composition of the bench affect organizational norms and practices in the legal system at the federal, state, and local levels. Some work suggests that gender diversity affects deliberations on small appellate panels and consensual norms on larger courts. As the number of women and minorities appointed by recent Democratic and Republican presidents has increased, scholars are also now well positioned to conduct empirical research with larger numbers to investigate how women of color on the bench differ from white women and minority men.
Global Actors: Networks, Elites, and Institutions
Mikael Rask Madsen and Mikkel Jarle Christensen
Over the past several decades scholars have intensively debated what factors drive globalization. Answers have ranged from the emergence of the information society and the global economy to value-conflicts embedded in different civilizations. A different yet closely related question is who is driving globalization? That is, however, much less studied, even if it is arguably key to making global governance intelligible. A whole list of actors seem to offer possible answers to the question of who the globalizers are: Are they global institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) or the International Criminal Court (ICC); communities of experts providing technocratic solutions; transnational networks of activists seeking to alter global and national politics by pursuing, for example, environmental or human rights agendas; or are they powerful individuals forming transnational elites taking the fate of the global society in their hands at a safe distance from ordinary politics in places such as Brussels, New York, or Davos?
The Judicial Hierarchy
John P. Kastellec
Crucial to understanding the behavior of judges and the outputs of courts is the institutional context in which they operate. One key component of courts' institutional structure is that the judiciary is organized as a hierarchy, which creates both problems and opportunities for judges. For instance, one problem for judges at the top of a hierarchy is how to best exercise oversight of lower court judges, whose decisions are often not reviewed by higher courts. One opportunity is that higher courts can reverse errors by lower courts; another is that, as new legal issues emerge, hierarchy provides opportunities for judges to learn from one another.
Scholars of the judicial hierarchy have pursued two broad approaches. The "team perspective" begins by assuming that all judges in a hierarchy have the same values or principles, and thus care only about achieving the correct outcome in a given case. In the team approach, the key problem in adjudication is informational. All judges agree on the correct outcome of a case, conditional on understanding the relevant facts, but may lack this understanding due to resource constraints or informational advantages enjoyed by litigants. The agency approach, by contrast assumes that judges in the hierarchy have differing preferences, and the key problem is how higher courts can ensure compliance by lower courts.
Despite these different foundational assumptions, the team and agency approaches have both been employed successfully to study core questions regarding the judicial hierarchy, including: why hierarchy exists; how higher courts can best oversee lower courts; how learning takes place both within and across the levels of the judiciary; and how collegiality influences judicial decision-making. Yet, while our understanding of the judicial hierarchy has greatly increased in recent years, many questions remain, such as how judges learn and how to measure legal doctrine.
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Coming Soon: Green Toys!
Start Simple: Recycled Plastic Milk Jugs
We use recycled milk containers as the main ingredient in creating our toys. Yes, the exact plastic milk jugs that you and your family drink from everyday. When you finish your milk and toss the container in the recycling bin, these milk containers are collected at your curb by a local recycling company, who then sorts them from all the other types of plastic. Next, the milk containers are reprocessed into super clean fresh plastic. For you plastic geeks, the plastic material we use is called high-density polyethylene (or HDPE). This material is considered one of the safest and cleanest plastics around.
Made in California, U.S.A.: Less Transportation, Less Energy
All Green Toys products are 100% made in the USA. To be more specific, they are produced in California, a state known for strict toy safety and environmental laws. It's cool to buy U.S.A. but also think about this: transportation is one of the biggest contributors to greenhouse gasses. We all know driving less is good for mother nature, but did you ever think about how many miles a toy logs before it ends up in your local store?
Our toys are truly local creations. Every step of the process -- from milk container recycling to toy production to final assembly -- occurs in California. Our raw materials and toys aren't shipped from overseas, which saves a lot of energy and reduces greenhouse gasses. It also guarantees your toys won't get seasick before they get to your home!
Wednesday, July 7, 2010
Let's Talk Toys With Julliet Lowe
Posted by Baby aWEARness at 2:57 PM
Labels: Green Toys, Let's Talk Toys, recycle, toys
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Friday 05 October
Mediterranean Basin
Uniquely located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia and Africa, the Mediterranean Basin is one of the most biologically rich and complex regions on Earth (1). With almost 12,000 of its species found nowhere else, the Mediterranean Basin is considered to be one of the planet's biodiversity 'hotspots', due to the region's high level of endemism (2).
Having been occupied by humans for around eight thousand years, the Mediterranean Basin has unsurprisingly undergone dramatic alterations from the original major vegetation type of oak, deciduous and conifer forests...


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...as i think and write!
• Do not be hasty in these three: Marriage, Business and Travel
• Do not waste these three: Time, Money, Energy
• Like these three: Kindness, Sympathy and Cordiality
• Hate these three: Injustice, Pride and Unfaithfulness
• Love these three: Bravery, Gentility and Affection
• Leave these three: Laziness, Too much talk, Hurried Judgment
• Value these three: Intelligence, Ability and Happiness
• Control these three: Temper, Desire and Tongue
• Preserve these three: Good books (BIBLE) Good deeds and Good Friends
Feel free to use your mouse and your fingers by a click and discover more of me. Above all, enjoy your stay!


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text: Thank you everyone for your advice!By "good" school I mean that I want to graduate feeling that I obtained a good education. I attended a small Undergraduate University and I feel like the small school atmosphere had some subpar professors and that I did not walk away with a worthwhile education, just a BA in Communication. New England Law Boston is a smaller school and since that is the school I am leaning towards, it worries me.


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Wednesday, February 5, 2014
Attended the Slough Area Pastoral Council at Holy Family RC Church in Langley. Two members from each Catholic Church in the Slough Pastoral Area come together every few months to discuss the needs of our Pastoral Area and share what we're doing in each of our parishes. It's basically a good way of keeping on touch with what's going on in our neighbouring churches, and sharing ideas of how we might move forward as a community of faith. The Area Pastoral Council also has the responsibility of putting into practice the recommendations made in the Pastoral Area Ground Plans that were devised as part of Bishop Peter's Walking Humbly with our God programme. The aim is that as a church, we are not just maintaining what we already have (maintenance), but that we are also outward-looking and "missionary", and look at ways in which we can bring others in our surrounding neighbourhoods into an encounter with the Risen Christ.


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Just Announced: Folkadelphia's Fred Knittel curating the August Tuesday Tune-Out at PhilaMOCA
PhilaMOCA's music and film series, Tuesday Tune-Out, continues next month with four events curated by Fred Knittel, host of XPN2's Folkadelphia. The lineup was just announced, and you can check it out below; all shows are all ages and begin at 7:30 with $5 admission at the door.
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Aug. 14 – Gretchen Lohse of Yellow Humphrey with a screening of The Beast Pageant
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Check back to The Key later today for a Photo Recap of last night's Tuesday Tune-Out.


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Remember when we thought we'd be living in the Jetson's world in the future? But, when I read about the Gates Foundation's Galvanic Skin Response monitors, it seemed more like a Brave New World than the Jetsons.
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A. To assess student engagement. That's what the Gates-funded study at Clemson University wants to determine.
B. To determine the variations of engagement. The National Center on Time and Learning will use the Gates money to study this.
C. We don't need this. (You can look at a student and see if they're interested or ask them. Tips: Sleeping = not interested. Doing a crossword puzzle = not interested. Smiling and raising hands = interested.)
D. Comrades must be monitored. Buy one here for only $44.95 for all your fellow workers. Especially teachers.
E. None of the above.
Which answer to you pick? Comment here.


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Property losses may mean valuable tax breaks
Mother Nature has been on a mean streak in the last few months. Parts of Connecticut just got 3 feet of snow, Hurricane Sandy swamped Manhattan a few months back, and tornadoes continue to batter the Midwest and South with disturbing regularity.
Obviously when disaster strikes there are more important things to worry about than how to lighten your tax burden. But as the April 15 tax deadline approaches, it's worth noting that the IRS is sympathetic to Americans who suffered big losses in the last year.
That goes for bad weather but also man-made catastrophes including theft or fire.
TAX HELP: Get the latest tax news and advice
Remember, while the tax code is convoluted and the Internal Revenue Service is seen by some as a pickpocket, there are many provisions that give certain Americans a leg up when they need one. Deductions for disaster damage to homes, cars and other property are a perfect example.
The tax break for losses isn't a cakewalk, however. There are three important hurdles to get over before you even consider asking for a tax break on your losses.
• Insured losses don't count. It's not logical for Allstate or State Farm to pay you and then for the government to pay you, too; if you're covered then you don't get a tax break. Similarly, partial coverage only means a partial tax benefit. So be honest with the tax man about your actual losses and what you've been reimbursed for by private insurance.
• It must be over $100. If you do itemize, you have to forgo the first $100 in value. In other words, if it's a cheap necklace that got nicked, don't even bother mentioning it.
• For use by only those who itemize. You must itemize deductions on your returns to get any benefit even if those first two standards are met. The standard deduction of $5,950 for single individuals or $11,900 for couples filing jointly makes the loss threshold pretty high if you don't have other deductions to itemize.
These rules mean that typical tax write-offs would include vehicles or residences that have been damaged or destroyed. It's not uncommon to shoulder an out-of-pocket loss that ranks in the thousands of dollars on cars and homes – and the IRS is sympathetic to that.
If you have a qualified loss, however, there is still some math that needs to be done. You can't just tell the tax man how much you paid for your car or home; you have to state what your losses were, which can often be very different.
This includes steps such as determining "fair market value," which is what the property is actually worth and not just what you paid. Also important if the item was damaged in a flood or fire is to account for the "salvage value" of the remaining property. This is designed to avoid you claiming a total loss then selling a few of the choice parts for an extra profit.
In fact, the IRS has a whole workbook to help you calculate the value of your losses – Publication 584: Casualty, Disaster, Theft Loss Workbook, available on IRS.gov – that should be reviewed in detail before you pursue breaks for casualty, disaster or theft losses.
And one final note, which should go without saying: Burning down your house or letting a pal run off with your flat-screen TV does not make your "loss" tax-deductible.
While property losses due to hardship are no fun, tax fraud and insurance fraud are serious business, too.
For more information from the IRS:
Publication 547: Casualties, Disasters, and Thefts
Tax relief in disaster situations
IRS extends tax relief to some victims of Hurricane Sandy
Jeff Reeves is the editor of InvestorPlace.com and the author of The Frugal Investor's Guide to Finding Great Stocks.


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Did Pope Benedict invoke divine intervention for the Washington Nationals when he celebrated Mass at Nationals Park last month? Probably not, but over the weekend I heard two local sportscasters here in Washington credit the pope with the Nationals' recent winning ways.
Since the altar and other liturgical accoutrements at Nationals Park were disassembled and the field returned to its original purpose, the Nationals have won eight games at home and lost only three. Before the Mass, the team had won only two games at home and lost five. Overall, the team had a woeful 6-15 record before returning home the week after the papal Mass. (They're now 14-18.)
To vest before the Mass, the pope used Nationals' manager Manny Acta's office, while bishops who concelebrated used the Nationals' clubhouse (left). The local sports network here that televises the games claims that the pope actually blessed the Nationals' clubhouse after celebrating Mass here, but it's pretty unlikely that he would do that on the way out of the stadium.


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Inserting command output from a function
How would I use a vim function to insert the output of these commands at the current cursor position?
Well, that would look like a crude hack, yet here it goes:
:function InsertCmd( cmd )
: exe ':silent !'.a:cmd.' > /tmp/vim.insert.xxx 2>/dev/null'
: let l = readfile( '/tmp/vim.insert.xxx', '', 1 )
: exe "normal a".l[0]
: redraw!
:imap <silent> <F5> <Esc>:call InsertCmd( 'hostname' )<CR><Insert>
:map <silent> <F5> :call InsertCmd( 'hostname' )<CR>
The function InsertCmd(cmd) runs in shell given command and redirects its stdout to a file. Then using readfile() function, first line of file is read into list l. Finally using :normal command and a (:help a) command we put the first line of output into buffer.
The two mappings for F5 key - for insert and for command mode show how to invoke the function to insert output of "hostname" into current cursor position. ":imap" probably needs extra <Right> on the end since due to switch between insert/normal modes cursor goes one position back.
Edit1. Better way to do it, from SO.


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Sr. Java Back-End Engineer
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Over the years projects have included a refit of a Levi 27 Corsair which was featured in the BBC Drama 'Harbour Lights', and more recently 'Cararchiemax', a 9m rib which successfully completed the Evinrude Round Britain Youth Challenge. In 2010 a full restoration was completed of an original 1969 Cowes-Torquay powerboat, which will eventually take up residence at the Museum of Motive Power.
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text:
Published on May 10, 2017
Hear from developers about why they are so excited to build skills for Cortana. Developers, get started building your skill here today at Microsoft Cortana Dev Center.
Article "'Cortana, Open Alexa,' AmazonSays. And Microsoft Agrees."
In an unusual partnership, Amazon and Microsoft are working
together to extend the abilities of their voice-controlled digital assistants.
by Nick Wingfield
August 30, 2017
Amazon Alexa Voice Service (AVS), Amazon.com, Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA
Cortana everywhere
Published on Dec 13, 2017
Cortana is coming to more places for more people, including the Microsoft Launcher and Cheetah Mobile Launcher apps on Android and on the new Harman Kardon Invoke smart speaker, where you can make calls, control your home, and now manage your emails and calendars across both Outlook and Gmail using only your voice, to help you across work and life to achieve more while doing less.
Cortana is not dead!
Published on Jan 18, 2018
After CES many in the press have been wondering about the future of Microsoft's Cortana voice assistant. Despite some significant hurdles Microsoft is doubling down as they begin to integrate the AI into Windows 10 to make an "intelligent OS" likely starting with "Redstone 5".


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Law School Discussion
Deciding Where to Go
Choosing the Right Law School
Pages: [
6 Replies
1802 Views
Freedom of Chat
June 09, 2012, 02:49:54 AM »
Re: Cardozo FT $$$$ vs New Job x Brooklyn PT???
Reply #1 on:
June 09, 2012, 11:25:23 AM »
Before I start realize what I or anyone else says on this board or others is nothing more than anonymous internet poster and whatever is said should be heavliy scrutinized nobody could possibly know what is the best situation for you better than yourself. However, I will try to offer some things to think about while making this decision.
One thing very few people realize until it is to late is that law school scholarship conditions are very stringent. They may not appear to be as they will often say you need to maintain a 3.0 GPA and anyone that received a scholarship from an ABA law school got a 3.0 without even trying. Unfortunately, that is not how it works in law school. Rule of thumb is at most schools only 35% of the class can have a 3.0 GPA. Everybody could perform extremly well on their exam, but they are curved and only a certain amount of can get an A or B it is simpy how law school works. This NY times article does a good job explaining it.
I don't know what the conditions of your scholarship at Cardozo are, but you need to ask. The students in that article did not ask questions and got burned for it and that is their own fault. If someone is giving you a 100,000 you need to ask what, why, how, just really get in depth ask serious questions. I.E. How many people have scholarships, how many people lost them, do not hold back anything the schools will disclose if you ask, but if you don't press them they have no problem taking more money if you don't satisfy whatever standard they have created. Considering they stand to make literally millions of dollars if the conditions are not satisfied they usually bend them in their favor.
If the conditions are not favorable ask for better ones. If you want money from Brooklyn tell them about your deal at Cardozo neither school will take anything away from you for asking, but they won't give you anything extra for being silent. Remember law schools are a business above all else and you are a customer if you were buying a house you would negotiate, ask questions, etc. Law school is as significant an investment as buying a home you have 100,000 or more on the line, 3 years of your life, and it will be your stepping stone into a legal career so ask the people in charge questions and see what you can get out of them. The schools will raise their tuition every year to get an extra 2k out of you and once your enrolled you have no leverage, but right now the ball is in your court see what you can get. It is an everything to gain and nothing to lose situation.
I realize you have a unique situation by having a family and again I am an internet anonymous poster that cannot possibly know what that relationship is like so again take the advice below with a grain of salt.
I personally never think PT law school is a good idea. The legal field is a very compettiive profession and if your not going to go all in it probably is not worth the time. My reasons for saying this are that law school is very difficult and there is a good chance you could fail out as a part timer if your dealing with a career, family, and so on that is a lot to handle. Even if you do manage to pass the odds are you will finish near the bottom of your class by taking on all those responsiblities it is nothing against your intelligence just the simple fact that a kid with no career to worry about well have more time to study and do better academically. Your grades will be a big factor in getting your first job you at the bottom of the class which odds are you will be going part time, dealing with a career, a baby, and a fiance then that doesn't bode well for your first prospects.
Furthermore, you will not be able to get law school internships, summer associate gigs, judicial externships, none of that will be available to you because you will be working at your career. So the odds are you will graduate at the bottom of your class with no legal experience and considering the competitiveness of the legal marketplace today it will be tough going and you will have spent 100,000 to put yourself in that situation. Since few prospects will be available you will stay at the job you had before and have spent a lot of money & time to be in the same situation you were at before.
It is true you may finish at the bottom of the class and never get an internship at Cardozo either, but the odds are you will do better as a full-time student. You might be valedictorian at Brooklyn while working it is hard to know how it will turn out, but balancing a career with a family and law school is probably not going to end well. Law school is very hard particularly first year and you cannot possibly appreicate that until your in it.
Again for the reasons you stated this is usually not a good idea. Life gets in the way another baby could be on the way next year, a promotion at work could come up, your fiance could get relocated, a family member might get sick, or you might retake and get the same result, but think you could do better next time. Any number of things could happen and the longer you put off going the less likely it is to happen. If law school is really what you want to do then you should strike while the iron is hot. You have options and you have gone through the whole application process so you have put in work already and I imagine you did everything you coudl realistically do the options probably won't improve drastically the next time around especially since admission standards are getting higher and higher.
As an anonymous internet poster that knows abosolutey nothing about you, your situation, your likes, your dislikes, or even the slightest thing about you I would choose Cardozo. I would do this for the reasons listed above, but I only posted that to make you think you certainly know what your capabiliteis are better than I do. I know many 0L's including myself back when I was trying to decide look to the internet for guidance, but indiviudals that post anonymously on the interent are often simply dead wrong, have no idea what they are talking about, have an agenda, or any number of things. Don't be Michael Scott when making such an important life decision
Good luck to you whatever you decide.
Freedom of Chat
Re: Cardozo FT $$$$ vs New Job x Brooklyn PT???
Reply #2 on:
June 09, 2012, 02:26:58 PM »
Thanks for the insightful feedback... The cardozo scholarship doesn't have any stipulations so it's a sure thing for 3 years no matter how good or poorly i do.
Re: Cardozo FT $$$$ vs New Job x Brooklyn PT???
Reply #3 on:
June 09, 2012, 02:55:44 PM »
Glad to be of some assistance. If Cardozo is in fact the case that is a phenomenal very few schools do that. I would recommend if you haven't already making sure those are the conditions I'm not trying to question your credibilty, but just be 100% sure there is no exception to that. You don't get this kind of paranoia about these kinds of things until law school ends it might seem like a hassle, but if there is that much money on the line be certain it can't hurt to ask. If you have done this already then negate what I have said.
If you have a large guaranteed scholarship then that is a pretty temping offer. However, as I stated earlier I know nothing about your situation or either school use your gut instinct.
One other thing to consider is visit these schools and really see how you mesh. Each school does have a culture to it and whether that culture fits your sytle is highly subjective and if you live close by a visit is certainly in order. Meet with a professor, observe how students interact, I have visited a lot of different schools and noticed some major differences regardign how people act. The education is the same everywhere, but the personal experience is a factor to consider.
Good luck in your legal career whatever you decide.
Maintain FL 350
Re: Cardozo FT $$$$ vs New Job x Brooklyn PT???
Reply #4 on:
June 09, 2012, 03:16:34 PM »
Usually, even the most generous scholarships require that you remain in "good standing". That probably means something like a 2.0 GPA. I can't imagine that any law school would donate 100k+ to a student who fails classes, is on academic probation, etc. I'm not disputing the terms you were offered, OP, but law schools are not always entirely transparent about scholarship requirements. You might want to ask some specific questions.
Otherwise, sounds like a good deal, Good Luck!
Freedom of Chat
Re: Cardozo FT $$$$ vs New Job x Brooklyn PT???
Reply #5 on:
June 09, 2012, 04:36:04 PM »
Yeah it says guaranteed to be renewed for the 2nd and 3rd years provided that I comply with the disciplinary code applicable to all Cardozo students... There's nothing in there about a GPA minimum, but I'll be sure to ask just to be 100%. I ran the numbers a couple more times, and thought about each scenario playing out; at the moment I'm thinking Cardozo might make more sense unless Brooklyn can give me at least 15k/year. Gonna try to cut my expenses down as much as possible to keep the debt down.
Re: Cardozo FT $$$$ vs New Job x Brooklyn PT???
Reply #6 on:
June 12, 2012, 07:59:05 AM »
Neither of those schools is worth what you would be paying. Brooklyn isn't worth anything near sticker, and even with that scholarship, COA at 'Dozo would exceed $150k. You need biglaw to service that debt and 'Dozo only places ~15%. That's a lot of money to gamble on pretty awful odds if you ask me.
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Law School Discussion
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Choosing the Right Law School


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Darien Versus Roadcrafter?
The Roadcrafter provides more double layers of fabric over a larger area than the Darien. These include the elbow/shoulder/knee areas of ballistics nylon and additional Roadcrafter pockets. On the other hand, the Darien is lighter and cooler to wear. Crash events most commonly occur between 30 and 70 mph. Within this range the Darien, DarienLight and Roadcrafter all provide useful abrasion protection. All three provide more than jeans and windbreaker jackets. Riders on powerful sport bikes will prefer the closer fit and greater protection a Roadcrafter suit offers. Roadcrafters are available in short, regular, and long, and Dariens are all regulars, so if you are extra short or tall, go with the Roadcrafter. Getting a good fit is more important than the functional differences.
For commuting around this smaller city, I often wear a DarienLight jacket, an open face helmet, denim jeans and ankle high shoes. On weekend rides, I normally wear a regular Darien outfit or Roadcrafter suit, and a full-face helmet and boots. For a day at a track school, I have only worn a Roadcrafter&with all the optional pads&something I would seldom choose for my local everyday surface-street riding here. On overnight trips, I use a Darien or DarienLight outfit, depending on where I am going, and how long the trip will be. For many years I wore only a one piece Roadcrafter everywhere, including on weeks-long road trips. That's still a favorite, but for my everyday urban riding I mostly choose a Darien. If you want a two piece suit, go with the Darien. For a one piece suit, go with the Roadcrafter. If you already have it down to these two choices and cannot make a decision, call and talk with us about your everyday riding patterns and applications. - Mr. Subjective 2001
Most Roadcrafter orders are shipped immediately from sizes and colors in stock, or in a few weeks for suits that are manufactured to special order. Suits that are done this way are normally shipped two to four weeks after an order is received, depending on the incoming seasonal order volume. Please call or email us if you have questions.
Mail Order Sizing and Fitting?
We are experts at providing a great fit. We've talked to thousands of riders about their size, bike, local climate and personal riding applications. We use a questionnaire to help learn the right things, so you'll get the best fit with your Roadcrafter or Darien. Our most experienced associates do this successfully about 95% of the time. Every order is double checked for accuracy. Ordering factory direct gives you access to more sizes than are available elsewhere. The one piece Roadcrafter comes in twenty-five different off-the-rack standard sizes. Let us help you find the one that provides the most perfect, precise fit. If you happen to need a different size, return the suit and we'll ship out a replacement free of charge*.
Fitting Women?
Compared to men of the same height, women usually have slightly narrower shoulders, slightly longer legs and arms, and slightly shorter torsos. Roadcrafters and Dariens are looser fitting designs. About 60% of all women find Aerostich suits fit well without alterations. Of the remaining 40%, about half of these can enjoy a good fit after minor sleeve/arm/gusset/etc...alterations. Only about 20% of women (and 10% of men) cannot be fitted within the range of available sizes and custom alterations. Fully tailor made garments are not available.
Buying Sight Unseen?
Things bought mail-order can sometimes be dissatisfying. Smaller than pictured. Or cheaply made. Or somehow just-not-nice. Aerostich was established to pioneer textile riders clothing. The RiderWearHouse catalog was created to sell riding tools and riders gear that make motorcycling better. You will find goods made with quality, integrity, long service, a little fun... and real value. When you open your package, we want your order to be better than you expected. We want your business and value your trust.
Maintaining Breathable Fabrics?
After the manufacturing process that bonds a breathable/waterproof membrane to Cordura fabric, a DWR (Durable Water Repellent) chemical treatment is applied that prevents water from being absorbed into the Cordura's fibers. If the Cordura fibers become saturated in wet conditions, the water forms a barrier causing vapor to condense on the inside surface. Over time and after extended wear, the original DWR treatment wears away and must be renewed. Periodically laundering gear with a wash-in treatment like Nikwax TX Direct®, or applying a post-wash water repellent product like Scotchgard®, Revivex® or Tectron®, will insure that water beads and runs off the fabric, and that vapor will always be able to pass through, even in wet conditions. Maintaining the DWR also helps textile gear dry faster after being in rain.
Machine washing is recommended. Remove the TF2 pads and the contents of all the pockets. Close all zippers. Use the regular wash cycle, and a 'warm' water setting with mild powder detergent, wash-in water repellent products, or non-detergent soaps formulated specifically for outdoor fabrics. Run the complete wash/rinse cycle a second or third time with water only to remove any residual detergent. Machine dry at a medium temperature. Do not use anti-static products. Velcro® hook fasteners pick up lint so avoid laundering with cotton towels. Clean Velcro hook using a fine comb. Small stains can be removed using spot cleaning stain removal products. Citrus based cleaners work well for oil stains.
Waterproofing Zippers?
The Roadcrafter's unique zipper arrangement can become a source of water entry in extremely wet conditions. To dramatically improve performance in severe conditions use either a wash-in water repellent or hand seal these areas: 1) Stitching and knit zipper fabric around both underarm zips; 2.) The knit zipper fabric along the right leg zipper; 3.) The stitching and knit zipper fabric along the left leg zipper from two inches above the bottom of the Velcro flap, to below the knee.
Wash-in repellents like Nikwax TX Direct® penetrate everywhere during laundering. In addition to improving breathability in wet conditions, they minimize leaks around zippers. Seam sealing products like Seam Grip®, should be thinned enough to completely soak into the fabric, thread, and stitching. (Use Cotol® or toulene.) Apply sealant to both the knit zipper fabric and the stitching.
Color Durability?
Weather and strong sunlight may cause some fading of fabric color dyes. Similar fading occurs in all types of clothing from leathers to blue jeans. This is normal wear and does not affect the strength, waterproofness or overall performance of textile garments. Red dyes show color loss fastest. Fading can be minimized by washing with milder soaps, drying at lower temperatures and occasionally re-applying a water and stain repellent or a UV inhibitor product like UV Tech®.
Crash and Abrasion Considerations?
Compared to leather of the same weight and thickness, Cordura nylon is a stronger material. But hides are thicker and heavier so they offer greater abrasion resistance. We repair about twenty or thirty Aerostich garments a month. About a third of these were in crashes that produced some abrasion damage. Several common themes have emerged. Though Aerostich suits are not as abrasion resistant as racing leathers, they offer significant and useful protection, especially at typical street speeds.
Aerostich wearers often think of their suit as sacrificial in the same way a car's airbag gets used up by its deployment. These garments are lighter, cooler and easier to use in bad weather (etc...), but less crash-durable than leathers. On average, street riders seem to crash only at infrequent intervals. How gear feels and works during the intervening years of use and the tens of thousands of miles of riding is very important. Most street crashes occur between 20 and 50 mph, not between 50 and 100. For each Roadcrafter suit that was in a 100 mph crash, we get dozens that need smaller repairs because the rider fell down at 35 mph . For these kinds of everyday spills, even the fanciest leathers do not offer protective advantages. We make gear to help you use a motorcycle more and be better protected. It has to be safe, easy to use, and comfortable for everyday riding.
Nylon and Friction?
Although we have not conducted tests comparing the friction coefficients of cordura suits and leathers on various pavement surfaces, we have collected a significant amount of relevant information. We repair many Aerostich suits every year, and most of these are damaged by sliding on all kinds of pavements. Many of the wearers (testers....?) had previous crash experiences with leathers. Post-crash wearers typically comment that their Aerostich was 'slipperier' than their old leathers. The consensus is that Cordura slides a little better and tends to roll and tumble the wearer somewhat less than leather. After studying hundreds of accidents, former Motorcyclist magazine editor and professional accident reconstructionist Gordon Jennings believed that more crash injuries (broken shoulders, etc..) were caused by tumbling than by the incrementally increased chances of hitting something due to sliding farther.
'CE Approved' Labels?
CE impact standards involve both energy absorption capability and pad shape and size. Aerostich TF2 pads do not match these European standards because of their shapes, not their energy absorption capabilities. In hard-shelled areas, TF2 armor tested significantly better than most other CE approved armor. Around the softer edges, it tests lower. TF2 armor was tested at a CE lab in England and using a duplicate of the test apparatus here. TF2 pads were developed (years before CE standards existed) to provide effective protection when fitted into the oversuit designs of Roadcrafters and Dariens. Because of this, TF2 pads allow comfort with various combinations of street clothing better than CE shapes. Roadcrafter suits were the first riders garments to use removable armor pad systems,and to use an advanced energy absorbing material like TF2. When we introduced TF2 armor, all protective garments, including road racing suits, featured sewn-in paddings made from felt, foam rubber or other less effective materials.
Legal Notice: These garments are not considered to be personal protective equipment as defined in or within the scope of, the personal protective equipment (EC Directive) regulations 1992 (S.I.1992/3139) and no liability will be accepted arising out of these garments non-compliance with such regulations.
*Available to US customers only.


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The one-time boyfriend of Julia Gillard will appear before the royal commission into union corruption to answer questions over his claim he was offered money to give evidence against the former prime minister.
Bruce Wilson will be questioned on Thursday about his claim he was offered $200,000 to say that he paid for renovations to Ms Gillard's Melbourne house in 1994.
The claim is made in a statement by Mr Wilson to the royal commission into union corruption, parts of which were read on air by ABC Melbourne radio presenter Jon Faine on Tuesday.
Mr Faine said he was reading the statement but could not verify its accuracy and made no claim as to its truthfulness.
In the statement, which has not been made public, Mr Wilson claims he was contacted by lawyer Harry Nowicki in 2012 and subsequently met Mr Nowicki and another man, "Z", in Nelson Bay on the NSW mid-north coast.
Mr Wilson claims Z told him "there's money" and that "there are a number of benefactors prepared to support you".
The statement goes on to claim that Mr Nowicki mentioned a sum of $200,000 if Mr Wilson would make a statement about Ms Gillard.
"We just needed a statement to start. Say something like `I paid for renovations to Gillard's house but I can't recall where the money came from'," Mr Wilson's statement says.
Mr Wilson says he refused and told the men the allegations were untrue.
Mr Nowicki has denied Mr Wilson's claims, telling reporters on Tuesday that he believed Mr Wilson had fabricated evidence and had defamed him.
"I've had four meetings with Bruce and every meeting I've had with him I've said 'Bruce, this is a significant story and your role is to tell the truth'," Mr Nowicki said.
Mr Nowicki, a former industrial lawyer, is writing a book about the Australian Workers' Union (AWU), which is embroiled in the so-called slush fund affair that dogged Ms Gillard throughout her prime ministership.
The commission has heard evidence that Ms Gillard, who was a lawyer at Slater and Gordon in the 1990s, helped to set up a fund that was used by her then-boyfriend, Mr Wilson, to receive payments when he was an official with the AWU.
Ms Gillard has consistently denied any wrongdoing or knowledge of any impropriety.
Mr Wilson will appear before the royal commission in Sydney on Thursday.
Mr Nowicki later told ABC TV he believed Mr Wilson made a "colossal mistake" in giving a "totally fabricated" statement to the commission.
He denied offering Mr Wilson any cash inducements, but admitted paying for several flights to meet with him for information about the union fund.
Asked about his motivation, Mr Nowicki said it was important for the "facts" to come out about Ms Gillard's rise to power.
"How is it possible that someone involved ... in questionable behaviour becomes prime minister?" he said.
"That's a political story, that's not my story."
Mr Nowicki also admitted to paying former AWU official Ralph Blewitt $5000 in travel costs and writing his witness statements to Victoria Police.


text: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu strongly supports the nation-state bill. REUTERS/Abir Sultan May 25, 2017 If Israeli lawmakers demote the Arabic language, then what? Camelia Suleiman, Michigan State University A linguistics scholar explains why the loss of Arabic in Israel would be a loss of history, culture and possibly human rights.


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Four weeks and counting until race day!
I came away from last weekend's training run on the Gstone course feeling really good and absolutely LOVING the trail. I met a nice fellow named Keith Straw at that run...he finished WS100 in 2007 (a "cool" year, as he described it) in under 24 hours, and he told me he was concerned that Grindstone would be harder than WS. I told him that Gstone would most definitely be harder in terms of climb...and also because we might have hot and humid weather, as opposed to the typically hot and dry conditions of the Sierra Nevada. Keith, by the way, is featured in the October Runner's World as the guy who wears a pink tutu, pink Sauconys and carries a magic wand in all his races (he finished Boston this year in 3:12). Perhaps he will share some of his magic with me should I encounter him at Gstone...
Someone asked me what my time goals were for Gstone...and to be honest, all I want to do is finish (I know, that's what we all say). However, it would be *nice* to run faster at Gstone than in my previous two 100-milers: at MMT in 2005, I ran 31:45 and at WS in 2006 I ran 29:15. Both efforts came with significant issues...at MMT I did not fuel properly and bonked terribly; at WS, I fueled properly but ignored my feet until it was too late, and running was impossible after mile 62. My goal for Grindstone is to pace myself properly (slow), eat and drink at regular intervals, tend to foot issues promptly, deal with sleepiness promptly, and the rest, I feel, will take care of itself. My training has gone really well and all I can ask for is the strength and courage to deal with the low moments as they come (and, as we know, they will come).
I am putting together an awesome crew and I know my pacer is going to keep me in line...it's going to be a blast out there!! This next week will be the last of the sharpening phase, and then it's on to the TAPER...woooo-hooo!
This week:
Monday, September 1: Easy run on single track, 2.5 hours (about 12 miles, I think).
Tuesday, September 2: Swim 1,000 easy and lift
Wednesday, September 3: Track. 2 miles WU, then 800/hill, 1200/hill, 1200/hill, 1200/hill, 800/hill. This is the third time I've done the track/hill workout this summer, and this was my best yet: Splits were 3:15/6:30, 4:55/8:15, 4:49/8:12, 4:49/8:11, 3:10/6:25. I then ran 2 easy miles to the power lines and did 1:02, 1:03 and 1:02...fastest yet. Then 2 miles back to the car for 10 miles total. Schweeeet!!!
Thursday, September 4: Lift upper body, core
Friday, September 5: Carter's Mountain. I repeated the route I used a few weeks ago, climbing up to the top, down to Monticello, back up, then down to the trails around Secluded Farm. 10 miles total, HR staying in the 120-135 range, nice and easy.
Saturday, September 6: My son had his first cross-country meet...pouring rain from Hurricane Hanna, knee deep standing water on the course...he LOVED it. He clocked a 23-something for 5K, very solid for a kid who couldn't run more than a mile about a month ago. Rusty and I are very excited to be XC parents!
Later in the day, I took Jack (my Aussie)on an easy trail run near our house and for a swim in the river, 5 miles total.
Sunday, September 7: 16 miles on rolling dirt and pavement with 6 miles at 7:20 pace (tempo pace). This was a toughie---I got a late start and it was humid. Yechh. But I was pleased with the tempo and looking forward to running a road 10K next weekend as part of a 14 miler. Total miles for the week, about 53.
Ring update: Keith Knipling (above, between RingLeaders Mike Bur and Quatro Hubbard) cruised to a course record 14:45 for 71 miles, two weeks after finishing third at Cascade Crest 100. I predict Keith will win Grindstone if he can hold off Krissy M.!
Ring 2008 results are here. Congratulations to the new members of the Fellowship!
Welcome to my blog and the place where I will post my photos and musings from my life as an ultrarunner. My nickname "Shining" was given to me by a group of very special students after I finished my first 100-miler, the Massanutten Mountain Trails 100. They were the inspiration that enabled me to finish this awesome race, and I try to live each day with a "shining" attitude!
Sunday, September 7, 2008
Getting faster, getting psyched: Grindstone Training, Week #12, September 1-7
Posted by Sophie Speidel at 11:34 AM
1 comment:
- Andrew Speidel said...
I found a 6 mile route in Evanston:
Maybe we can do this one?
- September 20, 2008 at 6:46 PM
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Product Description
Introducing Nosler's Varmageddon line of loaded ammunition and component bullets . Featuring a highly accurate polymer tip or hollow point combined with a flat base design, Varmageddon products were created for the high-volume varmint shooter who requires the utmost precision. Loaded with NoslerCustom brass, Varmageddon ammunition provides the highest levels of performance for any varmint hunter.
Mfg Item Num: 65135
Category: AMMO CENTERFIRE
Caliber :222 Remington
Bullet Type :Flat Base Tip
Bullet Weight :40 GR
Muzzle Energy :1027 ft lbs
Muzzle Velocity :3400 fps
Rounds-box :20 Rounds Per Box


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Did you know there are only 49 days until the NACE 2012 Conference & Expo? The NACE staff is working very hard to make sure this year will be the best event ever! This may be a tall task, since the 2011 Conference & Expo in Dallas was such a success, but we're up to the challenge and we know you are going to have a great experience this year in Las Vegas.
For those of you who didn't get to attend in 2011 – or if you just want to relive the great memories – check out the NACE 2011 Conference & Expo Recap video below, and get excited for #NACE12!
What was your favorite part of the NACE 2011 Conference & Expo?


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Find the right Pre-Amplifier for your Home Theater System at Abt.
At Abt we carry everything you need in an additional preamplifier. Our preamplifier models allow you to connect to a variety of components, so you can enjoy high-end, high-performance home theater and entertainment systems. Browse our preamplifier selection below, where you will find preamplifiers from top brands such as Denon, Yamaha, Rotel and more
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loved the show last night! amazing results and the best part is that they got more than 1 piece of evidence, in fact i think it was around 5 or more! crazy! I really missed these guys, nice to know they're back on TV again! can't wait for next weeks.
Did anyone else notice that this time around the show was an hour long??? i wonder if they'll keep doing that? very good!
The shaw has always been hour episodes, on many occasions they spend the whole hour show at one location. Many shows do split the hour into two locations.
I was amazed at the EVP's they caught, nice and clear.


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|Episode Description
|Monday, Dec 17, 2012 - 12:00 AM
"Bills of Fare II"
It's morning and Robert gets up, orders breakfast, and sets out to explore Paris. He ends up at a restaurant where he's distracted by a scene between a fussy customer and a hapless waiter. G
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|« Previous MessageNext Message »
|Suresh Kuna
|January 7 2010 5:35am
|Re: MySQL NDB Cluster Table definition manipulation
|View as plain text
Check whether the NDB engine enabled in the MySQLD server or not using show engines. Thanks Suresh Kuna MySQL DBA On Thu, Jan 7, 2010 at 9:37 AM, Manasi Save < manasi.save@stripped> wrote: > Dear Tom, > > Whatever you thought is right about what I want. > But can anyone provide me any solution on this. Well I want to create quite > a few databases which will be in NDB so, I really cannot do it mannually > creating them..... Is there any way using which I can manipulate this on OS > level? > > -- > Manasi Save > > > > > Quoting Tom Hanlon <Tom.Hanlon@stripped>: > >> Pekka Nousiainen wrote: >> > On 091231, Manasi Save wrote: >> >> Does anyone have any idea if I can manipulate NDBCluster table at OS >> level. > >> > Short and sweet: no. > >> >> What I want to do is I want to copy-paste database file of NDB Database >> file. >> Like the way we can do with InnoDB. by just putting dummy data >> definition and >> we can overwrite file with actual records. > >> > I don't know InnoDB (except as Oracle imitation). > Not sure what above >> means, tablespaces? >> > >> I think I know what he means... >> To MySQLD a table exists because there is an .frm file (more or less) >> >> So in a MyISAM example I can clone a table by >> >> mv tablename.frm newtable.frm (this defines the table) >> mv tablename.MYD newtable.MYD (the data is in this file) >> mv tablename.MYI newtable.MYI (the indexes are in here) >> >> In innodb although I have not tried I believe the Original Poster is >> implying that you could do the same, assuming innodb file per table. >> >> mv tablename.frm newtable.frm (this defines the table) >> mv tablename.IBD newtable.IBD (the data is in this file) >> >> Moving Innodb tables around like this _might_ work, I have not tried. The >> risk is that the additional information regarding innodb that is >> stored in the log files. I guess if the server has shut down cleanly.. >> then you would get a clean copy. Or come to think of it the undo-redo >> information might be part of the tablespace itself. Regardless I think >> this is the operation that the original poster is discussing. >> Okay, now with cluster.. Each sql node does have an frm file.. Copy and >> rename those.. Storage >> engine is defined there. >> Then on each ndb.. after a shutdown or a checkpoint what is the disk >> based representation of a table and is the name of any significance ? If >> I renamed these files do they represent another table ? I doubt it but >> at least now a cluster expert can tell us whether it would work or not. >> Also the table is partitioned so each node has a partition of the data, >> it sure does not seem likely to work.. But perhaps I have clarified the >> Original posters intent... or perhaps not. >> -- Tom Hanlon >> Certified MySQL DBA >> Certified Cloudera Certified Hadoop Professional (CCHP) >> >> >> -- MySQL Cluster Mailing List >> For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/cluster >> To unsubscribe: >> http://lists.mysql.com/cluster?unsub=1 >> >> > > -- > MySQL Cluster Mailing List > For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/cluster > To unsubscribe: > http://lists.mysql.com/cluster?unsub=1 > > -- Thanks Suresh Kuna MySQL DBA