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Atocha Spanish Shipwreck Coins
THE RESEARCH COINS OF ATOCHA: The research coins of the Atocha were 237 of the very best coins that were found on the wreck. They were compiled as a study set. Never before has such a diverse set of coins come from one shipwreck. They were the best of the best that Atocha had to offer. Below are 22 of those 237 research collection coins, 22 of the best coins from Atocha! This is the largest group of these coins ever offered for sale at one time (aside from the original sale of the 237 coins that were offered by Christies and did not sell). These were all purchased from the original owner of the collection with original Mel Fisher Treasure Salvor's certificates. There are some true rarities here! Most of the coins are either plated in the Christies Research Collection catalog and (or) the October 1986 issue of the Numismatist.
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Atocha Research Collection
Gold and Silver of the Atocha and Santa Margarita Tuesday, June 14 and Wednesday, June 15, 1988 Christie's New York www.christies.com THE ATOCHA RESEARCH COIN COLLECTION A Unique Representative Collection of 237 New World Spanish Coins recovered from the shipwreck of Nuestra Señora de Atocha In the knowledge that the overwhelming windfall of sixteenth and seventeenth century New World Spanish coins recovered from the Atocha would prove to be one of the most comprehensive single—source collections in numismatic history, Treasure Salvors specialists decided early on to reserve all unusual and exceptional coins for inclusion in a special research collection which would preserve a representative group of every type recovered. Most of the 237 silver coins which comprise this collection have been identified by painstaking research into existing sources. As identification of the coins as they were recovered progressed. Certain facts came to light, notably the incidence within the larger collection of coins which had been struck over fifty years before in Lima, and the unexpected bounty of four distinct die designs which could only be attributed to the early (1621—1622) period of the mint at Santa Fe de Bogotá. Previous discoveries had yielded a few two-reales pieces from the last period of the Lima mint (1577-1588) by assayer "D" (Diego de Ia Torre). They were immediately distinguishable as something unusual, with their carefully forged round and flat shape and their elegant die cutting. However, because they were found as singles or in small dumps in a sandy area of the ocean floor where they had been subjected to serious erosion. most of them were ragged and missing many details. But on examining the 7,000 odd coins contained in one intact chest recovered in 1985, researchers were gratified to find in the center of the aggregate well-preserved examples of coins by every assayer at the Lima mint from its opening in 1565 through 1588, the year of its closure. The Lima coins alone would have made an invaluable collection. But as recoveries and discoveries continued, three new die designs never seen before appeared, matching in every respect the criteria previously developed for an attribution to Santa Fe de Bogotá. In addition to the Limas and Santa Fe de Bogotá's, the collection includes representative strikes by every known assayer at the Mexico mint from the first Charles and Juana series down through dated examples up to 1620 examples. Including anomalies, from every assayer at the Potosi mint from its beginnings through 1620, including two, four, and eight reales examples of every date from 1617 (the earliest dated Potosi coins found on the Atocha) through 1622. Also included are examples of several types of period counterfeits. Coins of the Atocha and Margarita by Sandy McKinney More than 180,000 coins have been recovered from the wrecks of Nuestra Señora de Atocha and Santa Margarita. This collection has given us an opportunity to see at first hand a selection of representative strikes from all the known New World mints operating from the time the Mexico mint was opened in 1535 to the time of the 1622 shipwrecks. Four reigns are covered: Charles and Juana, Philip II, Philip III, and Philip IV. In order to understand the larger significance of this unique group, it is necessary to regard it as a gestalt—a microcosm in which is reflected all the essential elements of Spain's conquest and early exploitation of the New World. The enormous range of different strikes horn different assayers from different periods in five separate New World mints gives us an opportunity to view, through the early exuberant development and comparatively rapid decline and degradation of die designs, the essential attitude of the seventeenth century Spaniard towards the wealth of silver available from the mines of Potosi. A word on minting procedures. Coin blanks were cut from a planchet and struck with hand-held dies, which often caused a part (and sometimes a large part) of the original design of the cut surfaces of the dies to be missing on the coin. In addition, if the coin was overweight, portions were trimmed from the edge to bring the piece to standard weight, causing an even more irregular edge. The mint master, or assayer, responsible for the purity (930) and weight (28.73 grams for an eight-reales coin) purchased his office from the Spanish crown and was required to show his initial (usually the initial of his Christian name) on each coin he produced, so that short weights and irregularities could be traced. The majority of the coins bearing Lima mint marks were recovered from a single chest, which when the conglomerate was broken down and cleaned, was found to contain some 7,000 coins, mostly of the 2-reales denomination. Of these coins, researchers have been able to identify numerous distinct die designs for each assayer, so that in very few cases will two coins be identical in design on both obverse and reverse. All the coins from this early period of the Lima mint are classified as rare. Those of assayers "R" with the early Charles and Juana shield, and assayers "M" or are listed as very rare in most catalogues. Of all the coins discovered, the most beautifully designed and carefully struck are undoubtedly those which can with near certainty be attributed to the mint at Santa Fe de Bogotá. Documentation uncovered in the Archive of the Indies in Seville proves that one Alonso Turillo de Yebra was granted permission to open a mint in Cartagena in 1621. On going research into the collection begins with the theory that Turillo, who had encountered extreme resistance from the Governor of Cartagena in setting up his mint there and had removed with his staff and equipment to Santa Fe de Bogotá, was determined to demonstrate the excellence of his coinage, and in attempting to do so had prepared a variety of die designs of 'presentation' quality in order to solicit approval of Philip lV. Although standard in all other respects, neither the eight-reales "RN" nor the four-reales "S" pieces show a denomination. This omission is unexplained but has been observed in certain "pattern dies" from other mints. This would explain the extraordinary quality of these coins in comparison with those being minted at Potosi or Mexico. It is now known that Turillo was a passenger aboard one of the surviving ships of the 1622 Tietra Firrne fleet and was forced to return to Havana after the storm, where he waited until the following year for passage to Spain for his anticipated audience with the King. By the end of 1986, the Atocha had yielded four distinct die designs on coins attributed to the Santa Fe de Bogotá mint, sortie examples of each dated 1622. To our knowledge, no coins minted in Santa Fe de Bogotá during the period 1621-1622 exist apart from those recovered from the Atocha and Margarita. Turillo's original charter instructed him to use the mintmark RN on coins minted in the NUEVO REINO, or New Kingdom, of Granada. Eight-reales coins recovered from both the Atocha and Margarita bear this mintmark and the assayers initial "A." In 1986 a few four-reales coins were Fig. 34 One of Alonso Turillo de Yebra's coins minted at Santa Fe de Bogotá, lost on the Atocha, Turilic, a passenger on another ship of the fleet, survived and succeeded in reaching Spain the following year but lamented the loss of his specimen coins, on another ship of the fleet' which probably included this superb four-reales example (lot 310). recovered showing the same mintmark and assayer's initials, and the distinctive lions, castles and letter and number engraving which are consistent through all denominations of coins minted during these years and presumed to be from Santa Fe de Bogotá. Shortly after the discovery of the main cargo hold of the Atocha in 1985, coins with a distinct "S" mintmark left, and assayer initial "A" right were found. All the coins attributed to Santa Fe de Bogotá are distinctive in that they bear the arms of Portugal. seen on no other coins minted in the New World, although this feature was common on Peninsular coins, An additional feature on the "S" four-reales pieces is the presence of the arms of Granada at the bottom of the shield, an unusual location seen only on coins minted in Seville during this period and at Santa Fe de Bogotá during the next decade. Twelve two-reales coins showing the mintmark "S" over "F" but no assayer's initial were found late in 1985, for the most part in two chests. The reverse design is identical in every important respect to the four- and eight-reales examples. Certain allusions in the documents of the period have it that Turillo took with him dies from Spain when he went to New Granada to set up his mint. Silver coins like these do not appear in any of the Spanish mints of the period. although the shield on the four-reales "S" coins and the two-reales "SF" pieces is almost identical to those of the dies used for minting gold coins in Seville. In the ease of the four-reales pieces, the "A" assayer mark, shown in the unusual location at the right of the shield, is identical in style to that of the eight-reales "RN" pieces. Also identical are the designs of the lions and castles shown on the reverse of all denominations, and the shapes of the letters and numerals. suggesting that they were done by the same die cutter. Dies brought from Spain also seem to have been used to produce the few handsome gold coins from this mint that have been recovered from the Atocha. In view of the fact that they pre-date all other gold coins minted in the New World, the example presented here (lot 113) can truly be called the first gold coin of the Americas. There was no "F" assayer in Seville during this period, and in view of the fact that later dies from the Santa Fe de Bogotá mint used the mintmark "SF." These coins seem clearly to have originated from the Bogota mint. We know that Turillo did mint all three denominations during the period 1621-1622, and that according to his own statement in a letter to Philip IV received in Madrid in September, 1623, he had minted 'coins of gold and silver with much more perfection than that which is minted in some of the ether mints' and that the bulk of the coins he had minted during this period were lost on 'one of the ships' of the fleet that included the Atocha. In addition to large quantities of common types, the 180,000 coins from the Atocha and Margarita have yielded other rarities apart from those Lima variations mentioned and the unique group of Santa Fe de Bogotá pieces. Included in this catalogue are a number of rare and unusual examples, including a small group of gold coinage. Also included is the Research Collection, a carefully selected grouping of the best of every type and variation recovered from the Atocha, This is discussed in greater detail on page 254. Together, the coins of the Atocha and the Margarita present us with one of the most comprehensive single-source collections in numismatic history. Copied With Permission From The Bill & Dr Susan Pearson Research Collection Catalog Nuestra Senora De Atocha 1622 THE RESEARCH COINS OF ATOCHA: The research coins of the Atocha were 237 of the very best coins that were found on the wreck. They were compiled as a study set. Never before has such a diverse set of coins come from one shipwreck. They were the best of the best that Atocha had to offer. Below are 22 of those 237 research collection coins, 22 of the best coins from Atocha! This is the largest group of these coins ever offered for sale at one time (aside from the original sale of the 237 coins that were offered by Christies and did not sell). These were all purchased from the original owner of the collection with original Mel Fisher Treasure Salvor's certificates. There are some true rarities here! Most of the coins are either plated in the Christies Research Collection catalog and (or) the October 1986 issue of the Numismatist. Charles and Joanna 1516 - 1555 - in the New World 1536 - 1555 Philip II 1555-1598 Philip III 1598-1621 Philip IV 1621-1665 1) #1 Mexico 2 reales 5.70 grams., obv.: MM o/M left; assayer "O" rt; legend: CARO___ (LVS base only visible). Rev.; denomination (2 dots) above PV/SLV/TR; legend: ISPANIARVM (plated) 2) #2 Mexico 2 reales, 6.3 grams., obv.: MM o/M left, assayer "0" rt; legend, ___LVS * IOHANAREG (S bottom of letter only visible), rev., : HISPANIARVM 8 ET 8 ET 8IDIAR____ M 8 + . (no reference for this slightly variant castle) 3) #9 Lima Mint 1565-1588 2 reales, 6.5 grams., obv "Carlos & Juana" shield, assayer "R" rt. Legend; ___HILIPUS.___HISPA, rev., pillars and waves, MM "P" between pillars, denomination (2 dots) below PL/VSV/TR. Legend: NIARVM___IND___VM___+. In none of the sources have we consulted have we found a reference for the location of the initial of assayer "R" to the right of the shield in this series. This may make this particular coin a rarity, although the location of other Lima assayers initials to the right is not common. This coin is one of only two Atocha coins known to bear this mark to the right of the shield. All others show it to the left. Valued at about $150,000.00. An Early, Lima Mint Coin from Nuestra Señora de Atocha Corey Malcom June, 1999 One of the first coins minted in South America was recently added to the MFMHS collection. The coin was recovered from a chest of coins found on Nuestra Señora de Atocha in 1985. It is a beautifully struck, silver, 2 real piece from the mint in Lima, Peru. It was minted sometime between 1568 and 1571. Philip II issued a decree on August 21, 1565 authorizing the opening of a mint in Lima. This was done in response to the increased silver production at Potosí, and the growing practice of utilizing irregular, privately manufactured "coin" silver throughout the region. Because of the time it took for the edict to travel from Spain to Peru, and then actually organize and create the mint, it was not until August of 1568 that the first coins were struck. Philip's order specified the coins were to be modeled on those being produced in Mexico, but to bear his name instead of Carlos and Juana's, and to utilize a "P," for Peru, as a mint mark. Denominations of eight, four, two, one, one-half and one-quarter reales were issued in this series. The MFMHS coin is of the fine standard that was ordered by the King. It is evenly round with a clear, well centered strike. The obverse bears a crowned shield divided into quarters containing the lions and castles of Castile and León. This is encircled by the legend "PHILIPUSoIIoDoHISPA." The assayer's mark, an "R," is to the right of the shield, between it and the legend. This coin is one of only two known to bear this mark to the right of the shield. All others show it to the left. Interestingly, the other coin with this feature is a two real piece also from the Atocha. The significance of this particular characteristic is unknown. The assayer is believed to be Alonso de Rincón, who also later opened the mint at Potosí. The reverse bears the pillars of Hercules standing on ocean waves. The motto Plus Ultra, abbreviated to "PL-USU-TR," travels through these. The pillars represent either side of the straits of Gibraltar, which, for many centuries, were the end of the known world. Plus Ultra can be loosely translated as "beyond the limits," reflecting Spain's pride in having discovered, and then established an empire in the New World. Between the pillars is the "P" mint mark and two dots denoting the coin's denomination. Encircling all this is "NIARUMETINDIARUMREX+" which completes the legend, as translated from the Latin, "Philip II, by the grace of God, King of Spain and the Indies." The Peruvian silver industry never accepted the mint in Lima. For the trouble and expense of shipping silver from Potosí to the coast, better prices could be found elsewhere. The resentment of this system resulted in a constant assault by the miners on the propriety and performance of the mint. In 1571 their complaints succeeded in closing it. In 1577 the Lima mint was reopened, issuing newly designed coins, but by then a new mint at Potosí had been established. The Lima mint could not operate as efficiently, being so far from the main source of silver production. In 1588 the troubled mint was closed, not to open again for nearly a century. Though the early coin production at Lima was always limited, the mint was the first step in what was soon to be a flood of South American coins that, for nearly two centuries, would become the world standard. Sources Consulted: 1929 Adams, Edgar H. Catalogue of the Collection of Julius Guttag, Comprising the Coinage of Mexico, Central America, South America and the West Indies. New York, 1929 . 1950 Dasí, Tomas Estudio de Los Reales de a Ocho, Tomo Segundo. Valencia. 1978 Grunthal, Henry and Ernesto Sellschopp The Coinage of Peru. Numismaticher Verlag P.N. Schulten, Frankfurt. 1987 McKinney, Sandy The Research Coin Collection: A Unique Representative Collection of 237 New World Spanish Coins Recovered from the Wreck of the Nuestra Señora de Atocha. Christie, Manson and Woods International, Inc., New York. 1975 Szászdi, Adám "Spain and American Treasure: the Depreciation of Silver and Monetary Exchange in the Viceroyalty of Lima, 1550-1610" in The Journal of European Economic History, Vol.4 No.2. From The Mel Fisher Maritime Museum In Key West Florida http://www.melfisher.org/limamintcoin.htm 4) #11 Lima 2 reales, 6.6 grams., obv.: MM "P", assayer "R" left, denomination not visible, legend: mostly not visible, reverse: "Segovia" lions, tilted forward, 3-windowed castles, ornate "Lima" type orle, legend: random letters visible (see plate 2) Assayer R, later series c. 1570-1571 Beginning with this period, and continuing throughout the reign of Charles II, all silver coins in denominations of 1-Real or greater minted in the New World bore the crowned Habsburg shield on obverse, quartered lions and castles on reverse. The legend in this series is placed on the coin between two circular rows of dots, the crown topping the obverse and reverse showing a quatrefoil at center, represented here as +. The legend: Obverse: PHILIPPVS,D,G,ISPANIARVM, or HISPANIARVM, Reverse: ET, INDIARVM, Rex, Among the coins recovered from the Atocha there were many examples of different die designs for assayer "R" and "B." Every attempt has been made to include an example of each of these distinct types. Examples of coins by the same assayer are distinguished from one another by variations in the lettering, spelling, or punctuation in the legend, by any anomalies, errors, or distortions in the shapes or locations of devices, and by: Obverse: shape of crown, style of lions in "Leon" and "Brabant", style of "Austria", and number and shapes of fleurs de lys in Burgundy, and Reverse: style of orle surrounding quartered lions and castles, size of quarters, and styles of lion and castles. 5) #17 Lima 1 reale, 3.1 grams., obv,: denomination (roman) left, MM "P", assayer "R" rt., distinctive small open crown with scoring in opening, legend: PHILIPPVS D,G,___ARVM, rev.: "Seville" lions, 3-towered castle, "Lima" type orle, legend: ___N__M, REX, + Unique example of a 1-reale Lima coin in the Atocha collection. (see plate 3) This Is The Rarest Silver Coin Recovered From The Atocha Shipwreck Please Read Note At The Bottom Of This Page Alonso Rincon, assayer: circa 1544 (initial R) Alonso Rincon initially worked as a diesinker with his father, Martin Rincon, in Toledo, Spain. Upon arrival in Mexico in early 1542, he worked at the Mexico City Mint as a diesinker and weight master. In the absence of Juan Gutierrez, and as the brother of Francisco Rincon, it was relatively easy for Alonso to obtain some experience in the assayer position, working as a lieutenant-assayer for Gutierrez. His tenure was very brief and the coinage was sparse. Nonetheless, his experience with the Mexico mint served him well: he went on to Peru, where he served as the working assayer at the Lima, LaPlata, and Potosi mints during the period 1568-1574. He used the same style as Gutierrez, with only the 1, 2, and 4 reales denominations known to exist. These are scarce to rare coins, depending on condition. 6) #57 2 reales, 6.1 grams. Obv.: MM "P" assayer "B" OVERSTRUCK "L" (c. 1574) left, denomination (modified Roman) rt, legend: PHI__PPVS,D,G,ISPAN___. Rev.: "Seville" lions, 3-towered castles, "Lima" orle, legend random letters. 7) #61 Lima 4 reales, 12.8 grams, obv.: MM "P", assayer "L" left, denomination (modified Roman) rt, wide arched crown, legend: PHILIPPVS (some letters, bottoms only), D,G,_______. Rev: "Segovia" lions, bricked castles with 3 split towers, orle as above, legend: _____DIARVM,REX. (see plate 5) 8) #71 Lima 8 reales, 27.1 grams, P/o/8 (shape difficult to determine) left */o/D rt, wide flat crown, scored middle to rt, legend: PHILIPPVS,D,G,HISPANIARVM, rev.: rampant lions, 3 towered castles with brick lintels, wide door. Legend: ET INDIARVM REX no punctuation visible. Assayer "D" 1577-1588 Beginning with the coins of assayer "D", the Lima mintmark incorporated a star, indicated here as *. Relative chronology in the output of assayer "D" (Diego de la Torre) can sometimes be assigned by the changing die designs. Sellscopp (1965) has published an exhaustive analysis of these changes. For this cataloge, we have had to be content with a superficial description and the quotation of a reference to Sellschopp's classification, where relevant. In some cases, only Sellschopp's basic grouping is accurate, as the many varieties recovered for this collection make it impossible to match every detail. 9) #81 Lima 4 reales, 13.4 grams., obv.: 4/P left, o/D/* rt, very small open crown, scored rt, fleurs de lys in X-arrangement, legend: P__LIPPVS.D.G.H____. Rev.: pasant lion, head only slightly up, left paw down, 3-towered castles with row of 5 bricks at lintel. Legend: ET IN___AR__M REX (variant see plate 6) 10) #110 Lima 1 reale, 2.7 grams, obv,: */I left, P___ rt small open crown, legend: _____VS.DG.HISPANIAR__. Rev.: lions passant head and rt. Paw up, small 3-towered castles, Legend: ET_____IARVMR__ Unique example of a 1 reale Lima "D": recovered from Atocha. (see plate 7) 11) #116 Potosi 4 reales, 13.4 grams, obv.: MM "P", assayer "A" left, denomination (modified Roman) rt, legend obscured both sides due to erosion, rev,: lions passant with head and both front paws up, "aura" castles (see plate 8) Potosi Mint Obverse: Habsburg shield, rev: Greek cross, plain double orle surrounding quartered lions and castles. The Potosi mint was established in 1575. Early coins minted during the reign of Philip II can show the initials of assayers "A," "R" or "B." Numismatists are still speculating about the identity of these assayers. In view of the fact that the early "B" coins have so much in common with the late Lima "B" types, some have guessed that Alonso Lopez de Barriales, the first assayer at the Potosi mint, was also the "B" assayer at Lima. However, Lopez de Barriales is recorded as having been assayer at the Potosi foundry in 1572. It is possible that the "A" mark also belongs to this same assayer as the dies seem almost identical in the "A" and "B" coins. Assayer "R" during the Philip II era was probably Juan Alvarez Reinaltes. 12) #130 Potosi - 8 reales, 26.7 grams., obv.: MM "P", assayer "B" left, denomination (Roman) rt, Narrow crown with high arch, Legend: PHILIPVS,D,G,HIS PANIA_____. Rev.: lions passant, head and rt. Paw up, small square castles with 3 windows. Legend: __INDIA__M, REX + (see plate 10) 13) #137 Potosi 8 reales, 26.1 grams, obv.: MM "P" assayer "B" left, flat crown, centered, legend on rt and denomination obscured by erosion, on left: ___PANI___. Rev.: lions slightly rampant, square castles with square opening. Legend: random letters. 14) #167 Mexico 2 reales, 6.2 grams., obv.: MM and assayer "A" left, denomination and legend, both sides, erased by erosion, rev.: cross fleury, , rampant lions, small narrow 3-towered castle. (see plate 11) 15) #169 Mexico 4 reales, 12.0 grams, obv.: MM and assayer "F" left, denomination and right side of legend erased by erosion, Legend: ______DEI.G.1612, rev: cross fleury, Segovia lions, wide castles with three equal crenellated towers. 16) #172 Potosi 8 reales, 25.1 grams, obv>: MM and assayer "B" left, denomination not visible, wide arched crown. Legend: ______S III_____RVM, Rev.: degraded lions and castles, legend: _____ARVM. (see plate 12) Potosi Hapsburg shield on obverse, Greek cross and plain double orle on reverse. Legend: Obverse: PHILIPPVS.D.GHISPANIARVM Reverse: ET.INDIARVM.REX Coins with the initial of assayer "B" struck during the reign of Philip III can with fair certainty be attributed to Juan de Ballesteros Narvaez and coins as assayer "R" to Gaspar Ruiz. Ruiz was involved in an extended lawsuit with accusations and counter accusations, and at about 1616 many of the coins were recalled and counter stamped because of shortages in weight and adulteration of the silver beyond the allowable level. In the section dealing with counterfeits, most of the questionable coins either have the initial "R" or are in type and die design similar to the Philip III coins of assayer "R." The dies of both "B" and "R" are notable for the degraded lions and castles, sloppy striking and general indifference to aesthetic appeal. 17) #168 Mexico 8 reales, 24.3 grams., obv.: MM and assayer "F" left, denomination and legend, both sides, erased by erosion. Rev.: cross fleury, Segovia lions wide castles with three equal crenellated towers 18) #183 Potosi 2 reales, 6.7 grams., MM not visible, assayer "Q" left, denomination (modified Roman) rt, legend: __ILIPPVS (S reversed) III D______. Rev: fat lions passant, wide castles with brick lintel, base of 2 slabs on each side. 19) #210 Seville 8 reales, 21.9 grams., obv.: MM "S" (Seville) left, no assayer visible, denomination: small dot over VIII, struck horizontally, legend: PHI_____. Rev.: double struck, obscuring some details of lions and castles. Legend: ______NIA____VMR__. Spanish Peninsular Mints Only a small scattering of coins minted in Spain were among the Atocha recoveries. Since these coins appeared both in intact chests and in scattered material, it is surmised that they were either "pocket" change of crew or passengers, or had been pulled out of circulation and were being shipped by merchants or other private individuals. The coins included in this collection are a representative sample. 20) #212 Toledo 8 reales, 23.8 grams., obv.: MM "I" (Toledo) and assayer "P" left, erosion obscures denomination and most of legend except _____PPVS _____at bottom center of shield. Arms of Portugal upper center. Rev.: erosion obscures most elements except legend. H_____1621. Double struck. ? Most likely someone's pocket change! Rare and unique! 21) #221 UNCERTAIN 4 reales, 9.6 grams., obv.: "P"/ "B" / "C" left, denomination (modified Roman) rt, legend: __ILIPPS_____. Rev,: badly eroded, not typical of known Le Plata coins. This coin is rare and extremely important, being one of the first minted at Potosi. The dies came from Lima through La Plata. Below the "B" there is a clear erasure, presumably that of assayer "C." 22) #228 UNCERTAIN 8 reales, 25.0 grams., obv.: Unusually large "P" mintmark left, with heavy square below, no assayer visible, probably "T". Denomination, it shows V over III with large "O" above, typical of assayer "T" .Flanders and Tyrol have 2 eagles. Rev.: completely degraded lions and castles. Either lions and castles are tilted 90 degrees, making them appear to be resting on their sides. (see plate 15) The Atocha Rincon 1 Reale Research Coin Collection, Coin #17 above, Treasure Salvors Inc. No. 85A-237720 In the Research Collection catalog compiled by Sandy McKinney and printed by Christies New York, this "piece of one" is described as "unique" from among those found on Nuestra Senora de Atocha. It was the one and only Rincon 1 Reale, and one of the few "pieces of one" ever found in the huge bounty of hand struck cobs salvaged from the 1622 wrecks. This is explained by the fact that, as numismatists conjecture, small denomination coinage was not minted in the New World during this era except for a small amount made as Type examples. But in addition to this distinction, it could well be the world's best example of a Rincon 1 Reale from the New World. Neither Numismatic Espanola nor Sellschop picture one finer. Treasure Salvors had a point system which assigned a relative value of each item in order to divide the treasure equably amongst the stock and contract holders who would receive a share of Atocha. Mel Fisher, other large percentage holders and divers too, were eligible for a certain number of "points" and like everyone else the treasure pieces would drop (by computer) into slots one after another, or move on to the next depending on how much their slots could hold, and basically go round and round until the pile of treasure was divided. It is notable that this singular 1 reale Rincon was assigned the highest number of points of any silver coin in the Research Collection by far and away. And very likely the highest value of any single silver coin from Atocha. Valued at about $200,000.00. To start with the particulars the coin has the distinctively styled "R" initial for it's assayer Alonso Rincon a perfect mint mark "P" (for Peru). It was struck during the reign of Phillip II in 1572, at the Lima mint located in the formerly Inca ruled city of the west coast of Peru which was overtaken by the Spaniards about 35 years earlier. Recall that Alonso and his brother came as youths with their father, who was the first assayer of the New World. Young Alonso learned the trade under his father most likely in the home of Cortez the conquistador, where the first mint was set up in the Aztec city Tenochtitan renamed Mexico City. It is Alonso (junior) whose coinage is called Rincon 2nd Series, and together with his father's, are considered the crème-de-la-crème of the New World assayers. The coin is a prime example of the elegant style, detailed perfection of Rincon's coinage. Each detail is necessarily extremely tiny, yet most are visible down to the pomegranate of Granada and a tuft of a lion's tail. The coin flaunts a huge planchet, yet the denomination "I" is visible on the left of the shield so there is no denying it. When one feels its perfect even solid thinness one is amazed it could have been hand struck so beautifully. Though not so much legend, if any is often found on 1 reales, this coin reads PHILLIPPVS, D, G, IARVM IND R M, REX. + (fleur de lis), boldly interspersed with big commas, (an indication of an early era, and assayer probably Lima mint). Most of the deep struck dots of the borders and the lovely tressures are jewelry quality. Floating proudly over the centered shield is an elegant old world crown, perfectly full, with a second rim of dots above it. Within the headpiece are five lines of shading, distinct and visible without magnification. All in all it is obvious this remarkable hand struck coin is much more than a lucky strike. Since it was struck about 50 years before Atocha sailed, one must wonder who hoarded it, and if it was taken aboard by a new owner how he had come by it. Only wealth and power could have detained this coin in the New World, and it would take the same to later acquire it. It does have a hint of the patina of a somewhat handled coin. Its near royal size and beauty and the knowledge of it being a Type example would surely have been known by its owner. Even a fool couldn't miss its distinction. The slight amount of sea damage on the lower bottom of the shield is in this case fortunate, as it is proof of its amazing salvage from the sea. It was evidently on one edge lightly encrusted, which may indicate it was on top of a chest of coins or in a small box or container which got covered with sand as much of the Atocha artifacts were. The code number provided by the company as to its origin on the wreck site is 993, and would tell more about this story. It deserves mention, here, that of all the artifacts recovered from the shipwreck Atocha, this singular and rare Rincon 1 reale is a prime example of the credit due to Treasure Salvors Inc., it's salvage crew and the skill of their conservation department headed by Jim Sinclair in 1985. Note: This information provided by Miss Morisha Moran, first owner of the Research Collection. References: Gold and Silver of the Atocha and Santa Margarita Tuesday, June 14 and Wednesday, June 15, 1988 Christie's New York www.christies.com Attorney Noel Lippman Second Owner Atocha Research Collection Coins Cobs, Pieces Of Eight and Treasure Coins The Early Spanish American Mints and Their Coinages 1536-1773 Catalog De Los Reales DE A Ocho Espanoles Page 2 Click Here Authentic Atocha Coins Authentic 1715 Fleet Coins Authentic 1 Reale Treasure Coins 14K Replica Jewelry New Jewelry Added Key West Collection New Atocha Research Collection Silver Replica Jewelry Books Collectable Coins New The 1622 Spanish Treasure Fleet Ghost of a Sunken Galleon By Bob "Frogfoot" Weller Atocha Silver Bars New Atocha 8 Reale Replica's Mel Fisher Video Minting Process McLarty Treasure Museum New Greg Hupe 1715 Fleet Treasure E-Mail New Ed Perry My First 1715 Fleet Treasure Coin Home All New Treasure Sites New Atocha Story New Atocha's A Team New The Dream Weaver Mel Fisher 1715 Fleet New Pottery Finds From The 1985 Atocha Olive Jar New The Whydah Is For Real New Gold Rush Off Cape Cod Whydah www.atochagold.com www.atochastory.com New Site http://1622atocha.com More New Atocha Replica Coins Our Newest Atocha Coins Just Added NEW JEWELRY ADDED http://spanishcobs.com New Atocha Paper Ship Model Click Here


text:
Copyright Lobbyists And The $1 Trillion Fallacy
from the even-if-we-take-the-bogus-stats-at-face-value dept
The report is incredibly misleading (and is being used in a misleading way), but we'll get to that. Instead, let's start out by taking the report at face value, and assuming that it is accurate. The claim that the backers of the report (including NBCUniversal, which funded it) are latching onto is the big round number: the claim that:
for the first time, the contribution of the core copyright indus- tries of the U.S. economy surpassed one trillion dollars in 2012One Trillion! Big number. So big that the IIPA was even able to get the head of the Copyright Office, Maria Pallante, to highlight it in her presentation that coincided with the launch of the report. She apparently put that number on a single powerpoint slide and asked people to remember that number.
As we'll describe, that number doesn't actually say what Pallante and others are pretending it says, but even if it did... doesn't it suggest that the industries are doing fine? Even as infringement has continued to be a major issue, and there are new ways to share content around the globe, the data in the report suggests that the "core copyright industries" have continued to grow and thrive at a very consistent pace -- completely contrasting the supposed doom and gloom these same folks tell us about how piracy is supposedly killing these industries.
Instead, the report shows a steady increase in revenue within these industries, a steady increase in employment and a steady increase in the salaries of those employed in those industries -- in which they make more than people in many other industries. Basically, every chart in the report suggests that the "core copyright industries" are thriving, especially compared to the wider economy. Take, for example, the compensation chart:
But... of course, that's not how the IIPA and its supporters are spinning this report. Instead, they're using it to argue that "the core copyright industries" are "so important" to the US economy that they need to new laws and protection:
"This study represents a milestone," said Steven J. Metalitz, counsel to the IIPA. "In order to preserve and enhance jobs, exports and economic contributions, it is critical that we have strong legal protections for U.S. creativity and innovation in the U.S. and abroad."But... neither of those claims follows from the numbers presented. If these people knew anything about basic economics, they'd know that protectionism doesn't help grow markets -- it constrains them. The way you "strengthen" employment in these markets is by allowing competition and innovation to flow, which is the exact opposite of the legal regime they're pushing for. Of course, everyone knows what this is really about. The report is supplied by a few legacy players in this space, the ones threatened by innovation and upstarts. It's being pushed by the gatekeepers who don't want to compete. They don't want there to be more competition and innovation, because that tends to allow artists and creators to go direct -- and not to have to rely on gatekeepers, who take an 85% cut of all revenue.
[....] "This report makes it crystal clear that workers in the creative industries make a huge contribution to America's economy," said Matt Loeb, international president of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, which represents crew members on movies and TV shows. "It also underscores the urgent need to do more to build, strengthen and protect employment in this dynamic part of our nation's economy."
Even worse, the report is incredibly misleading -- in effect allowing Siwek, the IIPA, Maria Pallante and other copyright maximalists to blatantly use the success of others who did not rely at all on copyright to support their notions that we need more copyright. That's because of a basic fact that is totally ignored in the report: just because you produce "copyright" covered content, it does not mean that you needed copyright to do so, or that you require copyright laws to do so. Instead, the report and its supporters are falsely claiming that every bit of revenue from the "core copyright industries" is because of strict copyright law. That's provably false. Hell, technically, the revenue that this very site that you're reading now produces is almost certainly included in that "$1 trillion." We're very much a part of the "core copyright industries." And yet we don't rely on copyright. At all. In fact, we dedicate all of our content to the public domain.
And it goes beyond that. A significant portion of the revenue they're discussing actually comes from computer software:
It's not just blatantly dishonest, it's co-opting the economic activity that disproves their argument to pretend it supports their argument. That Maria Pallante would quote that number and support it suggests serious problems in how the Copyright Office views things today. This kind of report has no business being taken seriously, let alone being used in any policy arguments at all. But, if it is, at the very least, people should point out that, if taken at face value, it pretty clearly shows that the copyright maximalists have been flat out lying about their industries struggling, and how they need things like SOPA, TPP and other legal changes.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Wireless Health annual conference series convenes the vanguard international research communities in Wireless Health technology and medical research with the rapidly expanding Wireless Health product and service industry, government leadership and policy makers. This conference provides the highest profile academic and industrial research forum for the new field of Wireless Health.
The mission of the Wireless Health conference is to include and promote an international community that will accelerate the development and adoption of this new vision for healthcare through the creation of a nurturing research forum that communicates the latest developments in the field, creates an opportunity for cross fertilization, and provides an archival venue for the progress being achieved.
Read more about the Wireless Health Conference Series.


text:
Panobinostat (LBH589) in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01065467
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : February 9, 2010
Last Update Posted : March 28, 2017
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
|Condition or disease
|Melanoma Malignant Melanoma
|Drug: LBH589
|Phase 1
- Each treatment cycle lasts 28 days. During the cycles, participants will be taking LBH589 three days a week(Monday, Wednesday and Friday) every other week.
- During all treatment cycles participants will have a physical exam and will be asked general questions about their health and specific questions about any problems that they may be having. Participants will be seen at least weekly during the first cycle and then at least monthly while they remain on the study.
- Blood tests will be taken to check blood cell counts, how well their organs are functioning and to test for any infections. These blood samples will be obtained prior to the start of every cycle and at least weekly during the first cycle on this study.
- If the participant is a woman of child-bearing potential, she will be asked to undergo either a blood test or provide a urine specimen to check for pregnancy before starting cycle 1 and prior to the start of all subsequent cycles.
- As it is possible for LBH589 to affect the rhythm of the heart, EKGs will be checked frequently during participation on this study. These EKGs will be performed at the following time points: Cycle 1, day 1; Cycle 1, day 5; Cycle 1, Day 8; Cycle 1 day 15; and day 1 of each subsequent cycles.
- CT scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis and an MRI of the brain will be performed after every 2 cycles or every 56 days.
- A second sample of the participant's tumor will be removed at the end of the first cycle on study.
- Participants will be in this research study for at least 2 months and may continue on the study of they are benefitting from the drug and are not experiencing any serious side effects.
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Actual Enrollment :
|16 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Single Group Assignment
|None (Open Label)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|A Pilot/Phase I Study of Panobinostat (LBH589) in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma
|Actual Study Start Date :
|February 2010
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|March 2013
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|March 13, 2017
Experimental: Treatment
Drug: LBH589
Taken orally three times per week.
Other Name: Panobinostat
- To obtain an early evaluation of efficacy by response rate using RECIST criteria. [ Time Frame: 2 years ]
- Tp determine whether LBH589 effectively down regulates MITF in biopsy specimens of treated metastatic melanoma patients [ Time Frame: 2 years ]
- To estimate the disease control rate using RECIST criteria [ Time Frame: 2 years ]
- To estimate time to disease progression. [ Time Frame: 3 years ]
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Histologically or cytologically confirmed metastatic melanoma
- Measurable disease
- 18 years of age or older
- ECOG performance status of 0, 1 or 2
- Normal organ and marrow function as outlined in the protocol
- Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 7 days of the first administration of study treatment and must be willing to use two methods of contraception during the study and for 3 months after last study drug administration
- Clinically euthyroid
- Biopsiable disease: Disease must be in the opinion of the treating investigator biopsiable such that there are minimal risks involved
Exclusion Criteria:
- Chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 4 weeks prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier
- May not be receiving any other study agents, anti-cancer therapy or radiation therapy
- Known brain metastases or any history of brain metastases
- History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to LBH589
- Concomitant use of drugs with a risk of causing torsades de pointes
- Prior HDAC, DAC, HSP90 inhibitors or valproic acid for the treatment of cancer
- Patients who will need valproic acid for any medical condition during the study or within 5 days prior to first LBH589 treatment
- Impaired cardiac function
- Uncontrolled hypertension
- Patients with unresolved diarrhea grade 2 or greater
- Impairment of the gastrointestinal (GI) function or GI disease that may significantly alter the absorption of oral LBH589
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women
- Individuals with a history of a different malignancy are ineligible except for the following circumstances: disease-free for at least 5 years and are deemed by the investigator to be at low risk for recurrence of that malignancy; individuals with the following cancers are eligible if diagnosed and treated within the past 5 years: cervical cancer in situ, and basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.
- Patients with known positivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C
- Patients with any significant history of non-compliance to medical regimens or with inability to grant a reliable informed consent
- Uncontrolled and/or severe intercurrent illness including, but not limited to ongoing or active infection or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01065467
|United States, Massachusetts
|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
|Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215
|Principal Investigator:
|F. Stephen Hodi, MD
|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
|Responsible Party:
|F. Stephen Hodi, MD, Melanoma Disease Center Director, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01065467 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
CLBH589BUS64T ( Other Identifier: Novartis )
|First Posted:
|February 9, 2010 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|March 28, 2017
|Last Verified:
|March 2017
Keywords provided by F. Stephen Hodi, MD, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Neuroectodermal Tumors
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
Neoplasms by Histologic Type
Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue
Nevi and Melanomas
Antineoplastic Agents
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action


text:
Brenda Cartmel, PhD
Senior Research Scientist in and Lecturer in Epidemiology (Chronic Diseases)
Departments & Organizations
School of Public Health: Chronic Disease Epidemiology
Obesity Research Working Group
Yale Cancer Center: Cancer Prevention and Control | SPORE in Lung Cancer
Dr. Cartmel's primary research interests are in the area of cancer prevention and cancer survivorship. Dr. Cartmel is collaborating on a large case control study of basal cell carcinoma in young people. The goal of this study is to explore the etiology and genetics of basal cell carcinoma, the most common type of nonmelanoma skin cancer, with a particular focus on UV exposure from tanning beds. Her recently funded grant will investigate the genetics of tanning addiction. In addition to this study, Dr. Cartmel is involved in two exercise intervention studies in cancer survivor (Melinda Irwin Ph.D., PI). She is also participating in a nationwide longitudinal quality of life study in cancer survivors in which she is studying communication of health information to long-term cancer survivors. Other interests include the use of a novel noninvasive assessment method of skin carotenoids.
Education & Training
|University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff (1984)


text:
Thursday, May 6, 2010
Corned Beef and a Transfusion or two
Robyn did have to have one blood transfusion during surgery yesterday due to a lot of blood loss. Another transfusion is on the horizon because she has low blood pressure. I don't know what to say except to please keep my wonderful sister in all of your thoughts and prayers. She is truly an amazing person and deserves for all of this to be over a quickly as possible. I'll let you all know if I hear anything else. God Bless and happiness, Brandy
6 comments:
- My Cottage Charm said...
I am so grateful for this update...I have been waiting on pins and needles to see how she's doing. Please let her know that I prayed for her ALL day yesterday and many many times today. We also had prayer for her in our choir meeting last night.
She is such a sweet lady and I've come to just adore her over the last few months since we met.
PLEASE tell her I'm thinking of her and also that I got the box she sent me and I LOVE everything! :) OH, also let her know I have the blog for Saturday all ready to go. :)
- May 6, 2010 at 2:06 PM
- It's me said...
Hello Brandy
Thanks for you update !!
Please let her know that I prayed for her ....and thinking of her !!
Blessings and hugs from Ria
- May 6, 2010 at 2:56 PM
- Lynda said...
O my..................I'm speachless.......not been here for a while and now I read this!!! Right now, I'm gonna light my favourite candle and please send her my best positive vibes!!! Will be thinking of her!!!!
O my.............
- May 6, 2010 at 2:57 PM
- Michelle said...
I just came across this blog tonight and have enjoyed reading Robyn's entries - I am so sorry to hear that she has been faced with such a serious and life altering challenge but speaks of it all with such grace - an example many would do well to follow (myself included!) My thoughts are with her for a speedy recovery!
- May 6, 2010 at 7:40 PM
- Deb said...
Hi Brandy, thanks for the update on Robyn. She is in my thoughts and prayers, Deb
- May 6, 2010 at 11:42 PM
- Tina said...
Hi Brandy, thanks for updating us on how Robyn is doing. Please give her my love and I am sending all the hugs I can (very gentle ones of course!). What a wonderful family she has to take such good care of her, your Dad's corned beef sounds wonderful. I hope that Robyn recovers as quickly as is possible. Thinking of her ~ Tina xx
- May 7, 2010 at 1:01 AM


text:
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text:
WISCONSIN -- Bought a Fisher & Paykel washer and dryer from Home Depot for around 1100.00. First off, the washer control panel soft buttons started to break out. I had to use a pencil to start the washer. Then the dryer started to make a creaking/grinding noise. Small black spots started to show up on our clothes. What happened was the dryer drum was grinding to the point of shaving off bits of metal. Then were deposited on the clothes. These things are pieces of junk. Stay very far away from anything Fisher & Paykel! If I could give a rating of 0, I would.
GREENFIELD, WISCONSIN -- We purchased a Fisher Paykel Washer and Dryer about 2 1/2 years ago. We paid $1,400 for the pair - hoping to purchase something that would last a long, long time and that was energy efficient. The dryer constantly breaks down and bakes the clothes. The washer doesn't clean well. My 15 year old washer and dryer from Speed Queen was still running well after 15 years when I sold the pair. I should have kept them. Fisher Paykel won't assist with the expenses we have incurred and won't refund our money.
Someone needs to start a class action lawsuit against this company as they have far too many complaints about their washers and dryers. We take extremely good care of what we own and expect to get our money's worth.
CALIFORNIA -- The Fisher Paykel Ecosmart washing machine is junk. I normally research things prior to purchasing but Lowe's had a great deal on the floor model so I went for it. What a mistake, this machine is the worst appliance I've ever owned by far! It's a year and a half old and it's already quit working twice. Yes Fisher Paykel has a two year warranty however have fun with that, 3 weeks with no washer only to have it break again 1 month later. The machine will lure you in with all its "features" but you will spend most of your time getting it fixed. My last washer from Sears lasted 18 years, it was still working but the basket began to rust. DON'T BUY FISHER PAYKEL AT ALL!
Please save yourself time, money and headaches. Buy a good washer from a company you know and trust GE, Kenmore, Samsung etc... I do not bash companies that don't deserve it but Fisher Paykel sells over priced problems.
If this machine was reliable it would be a good value but just do your research and you will see all the problems with their equipment, most of which is just a few years old. If one person doesn't buy a Fisher Paykel because of this then it was worth it! FISHER PAYKEL = PROBLEMS.
PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA -- Almost from the time we purchased these products in 2007 there have been issues, one after the other. The top oven electronic sensor burnt out when we tried the self-clean function. We were told this is a common problem and best not to use it; we have not to date. Bottom oven convection element broke and needed replaced. Recently, the top oven just quit working. It starts to pre-heat but then it shuts off; however the oven light stays on? The timer just shuts off too. Both ovens from day one have taken forever to pre-heat, we were told by repair service this is common also.
Repair person did some type of adjustment and now instead of 30 to 40 minutes to pre-heat they takes 10 to 15 minutes to pre-heat. Range top's middle burner the ceramic insulator cracked; we've been igniting with a lighter for the past 2 years. Burner's flame is either high or low no middle flame as there is supposed to be. Dishwasher's upper panels are prone to cracking as the repairman told us when he replaced the top one. He said it would probably happen to the lower one as well and it has; it's been like that for almost 3 years. (Not very nice looking).
The pull down shelves on the inside sides of the dishwasher break at the hinges. The inside lettering wears off. We do not have much good to say about these appliance, and since our warranty has been up we've been ignoring both the aesthetics and malfunctioning issues. What prompted this writing is that they keep deteriorating with the latest being the top oven malfunction shut-off.
We first purchased a Fisher Paykel washing machine in our old house (~2005), and had it less than a year before we had to include it in the sale of our first home. We loved it so much we bought a new one (GW15) which worked well for 3-4 years before we started having problems. First, a small baby washcloth got sucked under the agitator and got stuck in the diverter valve. Luckily, I was able to diagnose and fix the problem myself (with the help from YouTube). After that, it seemed we would have periodic problems with it filling or cycling correctly (maybe once to twice a year), but we just needed to restart the cycle to get it to work.
Lately we noticed the agitator paddles have cracked and bent because that it was having trouble filling and holding water (I think maybe the diverter valve is stuck open with some debris). Replacing the broken one-piece agitator is $130, so this combined with the suspected mechanical/computer problems, has convinced us to just replace this >7 year old machine. Generally, I feel satisfied with my original purchase because, at the time, no other brand was making these beltless, high RPM washing machines.
However, now there are so many choices of these direct drive high efficiency washing machines by more well known companies and with better reputation, that we are going with a non-Fisher Paykel. We have been advised by both of our major home improvement stores to not purchase Fisher Paykel, which they both carry.
Beware if your Fisher Paykel product needs service. Service and parts are hard to come by. They have only a few service companies in one of the largest metro areas (DC). Service is slow and getting parts can take a long time if they have to come by boat from New Zealand. We have a double oven that between the service company not being able to diagnose the problem, replacing the wrong parts, and then FP sending the wrong parts.
It was OUT OF SERVICE FOR ALMOST 4 MONTHS! Their 800 line was pleasant enough but did nothing - did not follow up with us nor cared about the fact that we had a $3500 oven that did not work for months. Glitzy products - but BE VERY CAREFUL before you buy any Fisher Paykel products to see if they have service in your area.
We purchased a brand new set of Fisher Paykel's 9 months ago. We are on our SECOND washing machine. First one needed the entire drum replaced after the first use. Insisted on a replacement, grudgingly got one almost 5 weeks later. Dryer has had 3 service calls, stopped heat drying the clothes, needed some sensor board replaced. It took over 3 weeks to get the parts. Did it again about a month later, needed the lint hose cleaned (?) from outside to in, was filled with soaking wet fuzz... which was something at the age of 55, my husband and I had never seen in our lives.
Now the washer died yesterday -- a comforter inexplicably "floated" over the top rim, and got caught in the suspension system. It broke every one of the rubber/plastic support garters, threw a hose out from the bottom, and smelled strongly like fire. Good thing I was home!!! I had already learned. I could never run these appliances if I wasn't home -- the washer is constantly unbalanced and beeping, sometimes 3-4 times per load. Now I have to wait another 3-4 weeks for parts. I am seriously thinking I am going to unload these, and get something else. That's pretty bad for 2 appliances that are only 9 months old...
I purchased the Fisher Paykel washing machine from Lowe's on 1/3/07. I have had this washing machine 2 yrs and have just had my 4th service call on 2/17/09. Today is 2/22/09 and again it is not working; every 6 months another service call. The pump has been repaired, it has quit pumping out water and just stops mid-cycle. The repairman said I have too much lint and it is plugging the pump. Too much lint? I sure I don't have anymore lint than other families. I have emailed the company many times asking to speak to upper management; no luck.
I get a nice customer service girl named "**." They have sent their company service representative to my home, you get a lesson on doing laundry. They even sent me a lint catcher to insert into the agitator. Why was this product developed? Could it be that they have this same issue often? I now have a complaint against the company with the Better Business Bureau. Hopefully, they will be able to come up with a solution. I will continue to do my laundry and hope with each addition load, the motor/pump or computer will blow-up!!!
I wonder how much I can get from the scrap yard. I'm sure not enough to purchase a new washing machine. And shame on Lowe's for telling me they don't know of any complaints against Fisher-Paykel. I am also done with appliance shopping at their store. Going straight to an old fashion mom and pop appliance store.


text:
Illinois 2007 Nano-Bio Workshop with nanoHUB Summer School and User Forum
Published on
This summer, on the campus of the University of Illinois, the NCDBN and NCN@UIUC will hold a scientific meeting on "Experimental and Computational Approaches to Understanding Membrane Assemblies and Permeation," a nanoHUB user forum, and a summer school on "Multiscale Theory, Simulation, and Reality at the Nano-Bio Interface" and the nanoHUB. Together, these will create a two-week community for learning, sharing, and doing multiscale simulation with emphasis on applications in biology.
Application and more information at www.uiuc.edu/goto/nanobio
Sponsored by
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Researchers should cite this work as follows:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign


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Camden, Maine
Frank P. Luongo 9/10/2004 12:39:47 PMBrenda, I love this photo. As I peruse your gallery, I continue to be impressed by your clever use of light. Can I ask what kind of sidelighting you used? Presumably light comes from the right, but at which angle? #167550
Brenda Tharp 9/10/2004 2:31:14 PMThanks for the nice comments about my use of light. Of course, that's what photography is, writing with light, so it's great when you can use it to bring out your subjects in a dramatic way. In this case, as in many cases, I don't really pay attention to the actual angle of its direction, but it was somewhere around 60 degrees to my right, maybe less. You can see that the light is hitting both the sides of the building, but not the boats, because the angle they were to the light. Hope this helps! #767969
Frank P. Luongo 9/22/2004 2:58:07 PMThanks Brenda!
Frank #798478
Frank P. Luongo 11/29/2004 3:57:40 PMBrenda,where did you take your meter reading for this scene?
A general question; when metering a scene at or near sunset,(backlit with small area of setting sun in one part of the frame,otherwise blue skies) in which you don't want a silhouette,but rather details in both highlights and shadows,how do you meter such a scene?
Heard many ideas,thought I would ask you for your input.
I uploaded 2 examples
Frank #944953
Brenda Tharp 11/30/2004 5:09:32 PMFrank, I used my evaluative metering system on my Canon for this exposure. In looking at the scene, I felt the light/dark values were pretty much in balance, along with neutral values, and went with it. Over time, I have tested and learned to trust the in-camera meter. But if I had been concerned about the light areas of the boats overexposing, I would have taken some readings from those areas and adjusted according to what I felt was correct. The key for sunset metering where you don't want total silhouettes of everything is to first, meter the scene just to the left or right of the sun, without the sun in the frame. This is a basic starting point; then, you can recompose with the sun in the picture, but keep that same meter reading. It's easiest to do in manual metering mode, but you can also do it using meter lock buttons. This won't guarantee that everything in the shadows will have detail, by any means, but it will help. So much depends upon the moment at hand - how much contrast there is, etc. is a factor, too. Hope this helps! #947071
Kris M. Hartley 11/30/2004 9:26:52 PMGreat shot, Brenda! I absolutely love the feel and atmosphere in your photo. It's a nice warm feeling on this chilly night. As one who struggles with the lighting issues, I am definitely impressed!
kris #947564
Brenda Tharp 12/1/2004 12:06:19 PMThanks, Kris! #948830
Frank P. Luongo 12/1/2004 2:54:13 PMThanks Very much Brenda for answering my question.
Can you recommend a book or BP course that can fill this void?
Thanks Again
Love your work
Frank #948971
Stan Kwasniowski 12/1/2004 4:39:05 PMHi Brenda, awesome as all your work is, did you use the blue/yellow filter on this shot
Stan Kwasniowski #949060
Brenda Tharp 12/1/2004 5:08:39 PMThanks, Stan! All though I own Singh-Ray's Blue-Gold, which I love, I did not use it here. It was just one of those sweet mornings with really orange/red light, after a clearing storm had just passed in Autumn.
To answer your question Frank, where you meter in a picture really doesn't matter. WHAT? It's true. What's important is that you know the light value (the tonality) of what you meter on. If you had a scene with white water (stream), black rocks, and green moss, you could choose to meter on any of those objects. You just have to know how much brighter or darker than middle-tone each one is; if you metered on the white water, you'd have to open up your exposure from the camera's reading; if you metered on the black rock, you'd have to close down your exposure from the camera's reading; and if you metered on the green moss, you probably could use that reading. This is an oversimplified explanation, but in theory, as long as you know whether something is 1/2 or 1 stop, etc. over middle tone, or under middle tone, you can take a reading off anything.Your meter will try to make middle toned, but you'll know better if you know that the white water is 1 1/2 to 2 stops over middle tone. You take the reading from the camera, and open up 1 1/2 stops.
Jim Zuckerman's Book Perfect Exposure, should help you; also, Bryan Petersen has a course Understanding Exposure, as well as a book by the same name. Hope this all helps - there are lots of tutorials about this stuff on-line too, try http://www.luminous-landscape.com and look at their tutorials to begin. #949103
Stan Kwasniowski 12/1/2004 8:17:22 PMFrank, I wrote a review for Jim Zuckerman's Book Exposure on Amazon.com. read this book and I can assure you after you did, exposure will be no problem.
Stan Kwasniowski #949367
Frank P. Luongo 12/2/2004 10:02:28 AMThanks Stan and Brenda.
Amanda Littler 6/2/2006 1:39:31 PMWhat a great picture with great colours, the use of light is brilliant. #2845550
Brenda Tharp 6/7/2006 11:05:57 AMThanks, Amanda. It was a very special morning, the air was very clear after the previous day's rainstorms. Light after a clearing storm can be really "crisp" - clean, free from particulate matter that makes haze, and smoggy conditions. So it was a good time to hit the harbor in hopes of a great sunrise! #2864984
Terry L. Ellis 6/7/2006 11:20:26 AMVery striking, Brenda! Beautiful light, color, clarity and composition! Thank you for your explanation regarding metering. #2865020
Amy JACKSON 6/7/2006 11:27:58 AMGorgeous image, Brenda!!! Love the colors and lighting!!! #2865049
Brenda Tharp 6/8/2006 3:17:40 PMThanks, Amy! #2870707
Donna La Mattino Pagakis 11/19/2006 7:51:14 PMGorgeous lighting and warm tones. Great image Brenda!! #3605803
Brenda Tharp 11/20/2006 3:41:46 PMThanks, Donna - I get back there every year and I keep hoping I'll get more of the same, but things are NEVER the same - the boat's gone, and that changed everything this year. It really proves the point of "seizing the moment" as it will never be the same again! #3609560
Jeffrey W. Reed 5/30/2007 5:29:35 PMA wonderful capture...love the lighting... #4348549
Brenda Tharp 6/4/2007 2:34:11 PMThank you Jeffrey - appreciate the feedback! #4365418
Philip Sanders 10/2/2007 3:34:10 AMMaine is such a beautiful State .. lovely shot .. beautiful shades ... #4872232
Brenda Tharp 10/2/2007 6:12:10 PMThanks, Philip - it is a beautiful place! #4875327
Uploaded on 7/6/2003 10:40:38 AM
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midTN_Brangusman wrote:shaz wrote:midTN_Brangusman wrote:I have two neighbors that make a living with cattle. One runs around 800 momma cows, rents about half the land and owns the rest. The other has around 200 momma cows and runs 6-700 yearlings. They are both worth a lot of money, all of it came from cattle.
Around here it looks like the stockers are the most successful.
I agree, less inputs.
And probably a lot more volume and faster turnover.


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would adding more fermcap to the primary help, or stick with the blowoff?
Quote from: Pi on May 07, 2012, 01:03:30 PMwould adding more fermcap to the primary help, or stick with the blowoff?No harm in always using a blowoff. Better safe than sorry
My take away from this is i am going to keep using Fermcap S at the dosage of 2 drops per gallon in my fermentor. I am leaving the blowoff on through high krausen. IMO there is not enough evidence to support it being a health risk. And if it were, in order for me to ingest enough to do harm, I would have to drink enough beer that i would be more wooried about what the alcohol is doing to my liver.
The fermcap one stays mostly contained.
I listened to BS and JZ went on a bit about it. What I'm not clear on is- how "it collects in the liver"?Quote from: ccfoo242 on May 07, 2012, 02:54:09 PMThe fermcap one stays mostly contained. Sounds like it doesn't work then.
Sounds like it doesn't work then.


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What's your favorite kid-friendly app?
I am not sure that I can choose only one! My kids play with many different apps. They love games, books, and educational apps. I will say that I am very grateful fo the Kindle FreeTime app. It is an awesome parental control app for their Kindle Fires that make sure that only see what I want them to see.


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We're too far behind and too deep into the debt gumbo to even think about a 'pay freeze' alternative.
By Chris Edwards
August 2013
With projections of large federal deficits for years to come, policymakers should scour the budget looking for places to cut spending. One area to find savings is the generous compensation paid to the federal government's 2.1 million civilian workers.1 Total wages and benefits paid to executive branch civilians will be about $248 billion in 2013, indicating that compensation is a major federal expense that can be trimmed.2
During the last decade, compensation of federal employees rose faster than compensation of private-sector employees. As a consequence, the average federal civilian worker now earns 74 percent more in wages and benefits than the average worker in the U.S. private sector.3 A job-to-job comparison found that federal workers earned higher wages than did private-sector workers in four-fifths of the occupations examined.4
The federal workforce has become an elite island of secure and high-paid workers, separated from the ocean of average American workers competing in the global economy. Policymakers have taken actions in recent years to partially freeze federal wages. The next steps should be to overhaul federal benefits and downsize the federal workforce through program terminations and privatization.
In 2012 federal civilian workers had an average wage of $81,704, according to data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.5 By comparison, the average wage of the nation's 104 million private-sector workers was $54,995. Figure 1 shows average federal- and private-sector wages since 2000.
When benefits such as health care and pensions are included, the federal compensation advantage over private workers is even larger, according to the BEA data. In 2012, federal worker compensation averaged $114,976, or 74 percent more than the private-sector average of $65,917. Figure 2 shows that average federal compensation has grown rapidly over the last decade.
An analysis by USA Today revealed particularly fast wage growth at the top end of the federal workforce.6 By 2009, there were 383,000 federal civilian workers with salaries of more than $100,000, 66,000 with salaries of more than $150,000, and 22,000 with salaries of more than $170,000.
Rising federal compensation stems from legislated increases in general pay, increases in locality pay, expansions in benefits, and growth in the number of high-paid jobs as bureaucracies become more top-heavy. Compensation growth is also fueled by routine adjustments that move federal workers into higher salary brackets regardless of performance, and by federal jobs that are redefined upward into higher pay ranges.
Politics also plays an important role. Federal workers are a powerful special-interest group, and they are very effective lobbyists. Members of Congress who have large numbers of federal workers in their districts push relentlessly to expand pay and benefits. Another factor is that the George W. Bush administration supported large pay increases for the uniformed military, and that prompted federal unions to demand similarly large increases for civilians.
Some people argue that the federal government has a unique high-end workforce, which deserves to be paid handsomely. But let's consider some ordinary and mundane offices in the U.S. Department of Agriculture. In 2012, the USDA's Office of Communications employed 59 people and paid $8 million in wages and benefits. That works out to $136,000 each for these public relations workers.7 Or consider that the 49 employees of the USDA's Office of Chief Economist earned an average $184,000 each in wages and benefits in 2012.8 It isn't just rocket scientists that are earning high federal compensation, it is also workers in many run-of-the-mill bureaucratic jobs.
More importantly, the federal workforce has always had a heavy contingent of skilled professionals such as lawyers. So that does not seem to explain the faster growth in federal compensation than private compensation shown in Figures 1 and 2. In 2000, the average federal worker earned 50 percent more in total compensation than the average private-sector worker. By 2012, that ratio had risen to 74 percent.9
Another way to evaluate federal pay is to compare average compensation in 72 industries tracked by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.10 In 2008, federal civilian workers had the seventh-highest average compensation level of the 72 industries. The federal workforce had a higher average compensation level than such high-skill industries as computer systems design, chemical products, and legal services. See these industry data charted here.
In the past, there was a view that because it was a privilege for citizens to serve the public in a federal agency, federal pay should be fairly modest.
Unfortunately, that sort of thinking has gone out the window as the federal pay advantage continues to increase.
Despite the escalation of federal compensation, federal labor unions and some government officials continue to claim that federal workers are underpaid.
Indeed, they claim that federal workers suffer from a large "pay gap" with
private-sector workers. The government's Federal Salary Council releases an annual memo reporting on the size of the supposed pay gap, which in 2009 was 26 percent.11 The gap is supposed to be determined based on job-to-job comparisons, but the results rest on calculations that are non-transparent and subject to a large amount of statistical modeling.
One reason why the official pay gap results are suspicious is that they don't square with Bureau of Economic Analysis data on overall pay trends. The BEA data show that average federal wages have grown faster than average private wages in most years, yet the official pay gap has remained very large. The official pay gap was 22 percent in 2001 and 26 percent in 2009, thus supposedly indicating that federal workers became a bit worse off relative to private-sector workers during that period.12 Yet the BEA data show that average federal salaries rose 47 percent between 2000 and 2009, which was much faster than the 29 percent increase in the private sector. Since the BEA data are authoritative, there must be something wrong with the official pay gap methodology.
The other problem with the official pay gap data is that simple job-to-job comparisons show that federal workers are generally overpaid, not underpaid. A recent USA Today analysis of more than 200 occupations revealed that—rather than suffering from a 26 percent pay gap in 2009—federal workers typically have wages 20 percent higher than private-sector workers.13 The analysis found that "federal employees earn higher average salaries than private-sector workers in more than 8 out of 10 occupations... accountants, nurses, chemists, surveyors, cooks, clerks, and janitors are among the wide range of jobs that get paid more on average in the federal government than in the private sector."14 And note that the USA Today analysis did not include benefits, which are very generous in the federal government.
Comparisons of federal and private pay often just look at wages and do not consider the superior benefits received by government workers. The Bureau of Economic Analysis provides data showing the average value of federal and private-sector benefit packages.15 In 2012, federal workers enjoyed average benefits of $33,271, which compared to average benefits in the U.S. private sector of just $10,921. That huge advantage stems both from more federal workers receiving certain types of benefits and from particular federal benefits being more lucrative than those available in the private sector.
Federal workers receive health insurance, retirement health benefits, a pension plan with inflation protection, and a retirement savings plan with a government match. They typically receive generous holiday and vacation schedules, flexible work hours, training options, incentive awards, generous disability benefits, and union protections.
Lily Garcia, a human resources specialist who contributes to the Washington Post, noted: "The primary advantages of working for the federal government are generous benefits, solid pay, and relative job security, a combination that is challenging to find in the private sector, even in the best of times.16 Garcia summarized the federal benefits package:17
- "Health Care: The Federal Employee Health Benefits Program offers the widest selection of health care plans of any U.S. employer. Federal employees also have access to vision and dental plans, life insurance, flexible spending accounts, and long-term care plans."
- "Paid Time Off: Federal employees enjoy liberal amounts of paid time off, including 13 days of sick leave per year, 10 paid federal holidays, and 13 to 26 days of paid vacation, depending on years of service."
- "Retirement Benefits: Federal employees have access to retirement benefits through the Civil Service Retirement System or the Federal Employee Retirement System. Under both plans, retired employees receive an annuity, which is complemented by Social Security benefits and participation in the Thrift Savings Plan that offers 401(k)-type investment options."
- "Family-Friendly Policies: Another notable benefit of federal employment is family-friendly policies, including flexible work schedules, telecommuting, part-time jobs, and job sharing. Not to mention the fact that federal employees enjoy first priority and subsidies at a number of top-notch day care facilities."
There is another important benefit of federal employment: extremely high job security. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data show that the rate of "layoffs and discharges" in the federal workforce is just one-quarter of the rate in the private sector.18 Only about 1 in 5,000 federal nondefense workers is fired for poor performance each year.19
It seems clear that federal wages and benefits have grown to excessive levels in recent years. But we can "market test" that proposition by looking at the worker quit rate—at what rate do workers voluntarily leave the federal government to take other jobs? It turns out that the quit rate in the federal government is only one-quarter the quit rate in the U.S. private sector.20
Federal workers know that they have a gold-plated compensation package and high job security, which is hard to match in the private market, and so they stay put.
It is often assumed that the federal government should have the nation's highest-skilled workers, and that it should pay top dollar to get them. But federal hiring of the very best workers imposes an "opportunity cost" on the economy by drawing talented people away from higher-valued activities in the private sector. Unlike, say, France, where the best university graduates historically have gone into government, the United States has historically prospered because the best and brightest have flocked to places such as Silicon Valley.
Federal pay should be reasonable, and we certainly need competent workers in federal jobs, assuming that they are jobs that are really required. But the government industry shouldn't be one of the highest-paid industries in the nation. Indeed, an advantage of reducing federal pay would be to encourage more turnover in the currently very static federal workforce. That would get more young and energetic people in government, which would be a good thing.
Another way to help solve the federal pay problem would be to privatize federal jobs where possible. For example, the average compensation of federal air traffic controllers is remarkably high.21 Is it too high? We can find out by privatizing air traffic control—as Canada has done—and let the market decide. Does the government pay postal workers too much? Let's privatize postal services—as Germany has done—and let the market decide.
With regard to immediate policy reforms, Congress should overhaul the federal benefits package to reduce costs. It should, for example, phase-out defined-benefit pension plans, as most private-sector employers have. To deal with today's large budget deficits, we need to restrain all areas of spending, and so it is reasonable to cut federal pay packages and better align them with private-sector practices.
1Budget of the U.S. Government, Fiscal Year 2014, Analytical Perspectives (Washington: Government Printing Office, 2013). Excludes the U.S. Postal Service.
2Budget of the U.S. Government, Fiscal Year 2014, Analytical Perspectives (Washington: Government Printing Office, 2013). Excludes the U.S. Postal Service.
3 Chris Edwards, "Federal Pay Continues Rapid Ascent," Cato Institute, August 24, 2009, www.cato-at-liberty.org/2009/08/24/federal-pay-continues-rapid-ascent.
4 Dennis Cauchon, "Federal Pay Ahead of Private Industry," USA Today, March 8, 2010.
5 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts, Tables 6.2D, 6.3D, and 6.5D, www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb. Divide compensation by full-time equivalents to get average compensation. Data exclude the U.S. Postal Service.
6 Dennis Cauchon, "For Feds, More Getting Six-Figure Salaries," USA Today, December 11, 2009.
7 Budget of the U.S. Government, Fiscal Year 2014, Appendix (Washington: Government Printing Office, 2013).
8Budget of the U.S. Government, Fiscal Year 2014, Appendix (Washington: Government Printing Office, 2013).
9 Author's calculations based on U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts, Tables 6.2D, 6.3D, and 6.5D, www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb. Divide compensation by full-time equivalents to get average compensation.
10 Chris Edwards, "Wall Street, Big Oil, and Federal Workers," Cato Institute, August 31, 2009, www.cato-at-liberty.org/2009/08/31/wall-street-big-oil-and-federal-workers.
11 Federal Salary Council reports are available on the Office of Personnel Management's website at www.opm.gov/oca/fsc. The figure for 2009 is from the 2011 report.
12 Federal Salary Council reports are available on the Office of Personnel Management's website at www.opm.gov/oca/fsc. The figures for 2001 and 2009 are from the 2003 and 2011 reports, respectively.
13 Dennis Cauchon, "Federal Pay Ahead of Private Industry," USA Today, March 8, 2010.
14 Dennis Cauchon, "Federal Pay Ahead of Private Industry," USA Today, March 8, 2010.
15 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts, Tables 6.2D, 6.3D, and 6.5D, www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb. Divide compensation by full-time equivalents to get average compensation. To get benefits only, subtract wages from total compensation.
16 Lily Garcia, "Weighing the Pros and Cons of a Federal Job," Washington Post, June 4, 2009.
17 Lily Garcia, "Uncle Sam Is a Boss You Can Rely On," Washington Post, June 21, 2009.
18 See the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics monthly news release on Job Openings and Labor Turnover at www.bls.gov/jlt.
19 My calculations are based on data from the Office of Personnel Management. See Chris Edwards, Downsizing the Federal Government (Washington: Cato Institute, 2005), p. 74.
20 See the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics monthly news release on Job Openings and Labor Turnover at www.bls.gov/jlt.
21 Federal Aviation Administration, "Independent Firm Validates High Cost of Controller Compensation," press release, January 20, 2006.


text: Soybeans Shine, but Corn Still Glowing February 21, 2014 10:53 PM Tweet TAGS: Marketing, Overseas December 18, 2014 By Sara Schafer Top Producer Editor Email Even with soybeans are stealing the spotlight, corn continues to show advantageous prices. With below-zero temperatures forecast for much of the Plains and Midwest, planting still seems a long ways away. Yet, spring planting was one of the key topics at USDA's Agricultural Outlook Forum, which was held Feb. 20-21 in Washington D.C. USDA Chief Economist Joseph Glauber presented this acreage forecast on behalf of USDA: 2014 U.S. corn plantings of 92 million acres, compared with 95.4 million acres last year. 2014 U.S. soybean plantings of 79.5 million acres, compared with 76.5 million last year. 2014 U.S. wheat sowings of 55.5 million acres, compared with 56.2 million last year. 2014 U.S. plantings for all cotton of 11.5 million acres, compared with 10.4 million last year. Price projections are down across the board. The forecast shows corn prices falling from $4.50 in 2013-14 to $3.90 for this marketing year. Soybean prices are expected to drop from $12.70 in 2013-14 to $9.65, while wheat prices will decline from $6.80 to $5.30 this marketing year. Cotton prices will not be spared, falling to a projected 68 cents in 2014-15 from this year's estimated 76 cents per pound. Jerry Gulke, president of The Gulke Group, says he thinks USDA's acreage estimates are on target. "We knew it would obviously be higher in beans," he says. Overall, USDA is expecting these lower prices to translate into lower plantings for the eight major row crops this year. Glauber expects crop mixes to change, especially on Midwest farms. "Stronger soybean prices relative to corn should support soybean plantings this year," he says. With all of these actives at play, Gulke thinks some major surprises may be in store in the March 31 Prospective Plantings report. Hear Gulke's full audio analysis: Meanwhile, corn prices have remained favorable. "We are really coming out of the harvest lows," Gulke says. The good thing about $4 or $4.50 corn is that it looks relatively cheap, compared the recent record highs. "There's no shortage when corn is $7 or $8, but at these levels end users want it," he says. Exports remain high. USDA's estimate on Thursday put agricultural exports during fiscal 2014 at a record $142.6 billion, which is up more than $5 billion from August. All Eyes on the Spring Forecast and USDA's Next Report With March only a week away, the spring weather forecast is garnering attention. Temperatures across the U.S. Midwest and Northeast will plummet through next week and the cold will linger through the start of March, said Matt Rogers, president of Commodities Weather Group LLC. Gulke, who was in Pennsylvania this week, says when he flew across the Great Lakes all you could see was ice. "I've heard nearly 90% of the Great Lakes area is frozen," he says. "That will take a long time to thaw." "It looks like the odds are there to have a cool and wet spring," he says. "You'd have to be pretty optimistic to expect we'll have an average or good crop all over. We're starting to hear those predictions come out of the woodwork." March will be a big USDA report month. On March 10, USDA will release its monthly Crop Production and World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates reports. Gulke says USDA will factor in their forecasts from the Agricultural Outlook Forum. On March 31, USDA will release its Prospective Planting and Grain Stocks reports. All reports will be released at 11 a.m. CDT. Stay tuned to AgWeb.com for analysis ahead and immediately following the reports. Have a question for Jerry? Contact him at 815-721-4705 or email@example.com. For More Information Read more coverage from USDA's Agricultural Outlook Forum: USDA Projects Big Increase In Corn Ending Stocks The annual grain outlook calls for bigger crops and lower farm prices. Corn Futures Drop on Outlook for Bigger Stockpiles; Wheat Falls Corn futures for May delivery dropped 0.3% to $4.6075 a bu. at 11:28 a.m. on the Chicago Board of Trade. What Makes China Tick? USDA officials provide a revealing glimpse inside U.S. agriculture's biggest foreign customer. Power Hour: Farm Income to Drop 26.6% This Year USDA's forecast for farm income shows it dropping to $95.8 in 2014, the lowest level since 2010, underscoring the need for farmers to carefully cut expenses. U.S. Continues to Lose Farmers and Farm Acreage Vilsack presents his top take-aways from the new farm census. USDA Sees Falling Prices and Shift in Acres Less corn acres and lower prices headline USDA Chief Economist Joe Glauber's annual outlook for U.S. agriculture. Tight Stocks Could Lead to Price Spikes in 2014 Otherwise, USDA is calling for lower prices in most row crops this year. See current market prices in AgWeb's Market Center Back to news


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Prepares students with drafting and Computer Aided Design (CAD) experience to obtain entry-level Technical Illustration positions.
Prepares students for entry-level positions in Technical Publications with emphasis on graphic design. Courses Required for the Major: Units
Additional general education and graduation requirements for the associate degree are listed in the catalog. The associate degree requires a minimum of 60 units.
Recommended electives: Mathematics 104, 116.


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Benson Police Department
303 East Church Street - - - Benson, NC 27504
Preserving the peace, reducing fear, providing a safe environment, and enforcing the law.
Kenneth O. Edwards
Chief of Police
On behalf of myself, and the officers of our department, welcome to the website of the Benson, NC Police Department. We hope that you will find our site informative and helpful, and that it will allow you to get to know us, and our department better.
In January of 2003, when I became Chief of Police, we set a goal of modernizing our department, and upgrading our operations, through the use of various grants to obtain additional positions, equipment, and technology. Thanks to hard work, perserverance, and the support of our community and elected officials, we have made remarkable progress.
We have Mobile Data Terminals and mobile printers in our vehicles, and we were the first municipality in our county to implement "eCitation," a software program that electronically transmits citations directly to the Clerk of Courts office. We are completing wreck reports on the MDT's, and we are also completing Incident Reports on them as well. In 2006, we equipped our officers with "TASERs", and in 2008, we joined with other agencies in our county in being the pilot participants with NCAWARE, a computerized storage system for Criminal Papers. In 2011, we began the process to join the CJLEADS program, which is a centralized statewide database of information, and in 2012, we reached full participation. As an agency, we are committed to advancing with the times, and we will continue to pursue, aquire and utilize the latest and most helpful technologies possible.
My vision for the department is for it to be staffed by highly trained, highly motivated officers, who genuinely care about the community they serve. They will have the best equipment, and the best training available, and they will take a personal interest in working with the community to solve both simple and complex problems.
Law enforcement is an ever-changing profession, and it is my responsibility to ensure that our department will keep abreast, or stay ahead of the advancements. I look forward to the continued utilization of community partnerships that have been built in the past, and with your help, the Benson Police Department will continue to move confidently into the future.
If you are interested in joining our agency, please visit our Links page for additional information. Thank you for visiting our website, and if you have any questions, suggestions, or comments, please don't hestitate to let me know.
Published August, 2005
To report problems, or make comments about this website, click here
Site designed and created with


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Sales Have Ended
Sales Have Ended
Are you interested in learning to use computers or the internet, but not sure where to start?
Sign up for this 4-week course for computer beginners, designed to introduce people to basic computing skills and the Internet. Small class sizes take the stress away from learning and all participants get their own training booklet to take home.
Topics include:
- Introduction to computers: includes an introduction to word processing software
- Introduction to the internet
- Introduction to email
- Review and Next Steps.
Please remember when booking for Lesson 1 there is an ongoing commitment to attend all 4 lessons.
This class runs from 2.00pm - 4.00pm on the dates below:
- Tuesdays, 2, 9, 16 and 23 January
- Tuesdays, 6, 13, 20 and 27 February
- Tuesdays, 6, 13, 20 and 27 March
- Tuesdays, 3, 10, 17 and 24 April
- Tuesdays, 1, 8, 15 and 22 May
Sessions are approximately 2 hours. Class size and participant skill level may impact duration. Evening sessions are typically only 1 hour.
Places are strictly limited so register now.
Want to improve your computer skills before attending sessions? Check out the library's eLearning resources.
Find more Computer and Technology classes.
Access to free events is only one of the benefits of library membership. If you are not already a library member, please join!
- Use the Eventbrite app to store your ticket and add a reminder to your calendar. Having your ticket handy, printed out or on your mobile device helps manage check-in processes efficiently at busy events.
- Arrive promptly to each event that you have registered for. If you have not arrived by the start of the session your ticket may be transferred to another participant.
- Allow plenty of time for travel and parking. You can find information about our library locations, parking, and access at www.moretonbay.qld.gov.au/librarylocations
If you have special needs or require specific support in order to participate in this workshop or attend this event, please contact us to discuss your requirements.


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Q. When installing a concealable nonmetallic extension from an existing 15A non-grounding receptacle outlet in an existing dwelling unit, where there is no equipment grounding conductor, is it permissible to install grounding-type receptacles as part of the nonmetallic extension?
- Under no condition is a grounding-type receptacle permitted, as there is no equipment grounding conductor or grounding provision in the existing circuit.
- Yes, if an AFCI receptacle is installed to protect all receptacle outlets on the branch circuit.
- Yes, however, the only method permitted is the use of GFCI receptacles.
- Yes, if grounded in accordance with 250.130(C), 406.3(D)(3)(b), or 406.3(D)(3)(c).
Answer: D
Where a concealable nonmetallic extension originates from a non-grounding-type receptacle, the installation shall comply with 250.130(C), 406.3(D)(3)(b), or 406.3(D)(3)(c). There are three choices. Two of the three require GFCI protection; 406.3(D)(3)(b) and 406.3(D)(3)(c). See 382.10(A).
Owen is the owner and president of National Code Seminars and the holder of master electrician certifications in 46 states. He can be reached at [email protected].


text:
Quilt-lined Tropical Gabardine Belted Car Coat
$2,190.00 $2,190.00
$1,320.00 $1,320.00
All orders will be fulfilled by Burberry Limited and shipped from the US. When you place your order, you accept Burberry's Terms and Conditions and confirm that you have read our Privacy Policy.
Size Guide
Use the Size Guide to choose the best fit for your measurements.
In this window, you can find out the shipping and returns options for the selected item.
In this window, you can contact customer service for further assistance.
- An iconic style in our weatherproof tropical gabardine with insulated quilting. The relaxed cut is reworked with a D-ring belt.
- Coat length: 115cm/45.3in. This is based on a size IT 50 as proportions change slightly according to size.
- Model's height: 185cm/6ft 1in
- Outer: 100% cotton
- Lining: 100% cupro
- Sleeve lining: 100% viscose
- Filling: 100% polyester
- Buttons: buffalo horn
- Buckle: 100% leather
- Buttons: buffalo horn
- Concealed single-breasted closure
- Button-through welt pockets, interior button-through pocket
- Signature details: hook-and-eye collar closure, button-tab cuffs, D-ring belt
- Dry clean
- Imported
Item 80043681
Wear this with
Slim Fit Tartan Wool Tailored Jacket
$900.00 $1,290.00