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Journal of technology management & innovation
On-line version ISSN 0718-2724
Journal of Technology Management & Innovation vol.7 no.2 Santiago July 2012
J.Technol. Manag. Innov. 2012,Volume 7, Issue 2
Internationalization Process and Technological Capability Trajectory of Iguaçu
Rafael Kuramoto Gonzalez1, Sieglinde Kindl da Cunha2
1 EBAPE, Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV), Praia de Botafogo Street, 190, 4° Floor Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil, 22250-900, (55) 21 2551-5195, email@example.com
2 PPGADM, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Pref. Lothario Meissner Street, 632, 2° Floor Jardim Botànico, Curitiba-PR, Brazil, 80210-170, (55) 41 3360-4365, firstname.lastname@example.com
This article focuses on the influence of the internationalization process in the evolution of technological capability. This implication was studied in Iguaçu between 1967 and 2009. To achieve the proposed goal it was used the Internationalization of Brazilian Export Producer Companies Model, built by Kraus (2006) and the Model of Technological Capabilities in Companies of Emerging Economies, built by Figueiredo (2004). The study found that different stages of internationalization require different functions and different levels of technology. The discussion proposed by this paper found a close association between the process of internationalization and the development of technological capability in the company studied. It can be concluded that for companies of Soluble Coffee to conquer, reach and remain competitive in international markets it should engage efforts to build diverse organizational skills, alliances and technological capabilities.
Keywords: internationalization; technological capability; soluble coffee; technological trajectory; emerging companies; innovation; internationalization path
It is perceived in the world economy that the level of competitiveness has been accelerated by global markets. To remain competitive and conquer markets, companies must seek constant improvements in their products, processes, services and strategies. In the era of knowledge economy, the cycle of innovation has increased its speed and demands something more from the companies. To survive and have opportunities to thrive, organizations must seek new markets and build capabilities in order to compete with more prepared global players.
Multinational corporations in a capitalist economy, assuming the role of main actors as generators and multipliers of technological knowledge put into practice, dictate the pace and direction of global technological frontier in different industrial sectors. The search for international markets is necessary so that organizations can expand their markets, increase their financial returns, increase competitiveness, leverage international networks, acquire knowledge and survive.
In the knowledge economy has been proved that knowledge is a crucial asset for economic development, and it was also ascertained the importance of understanding organizations as agents of economical, technological, environmental and social development . In this context of global integration, the accumulation of skills to select, adapt and / or develop technologies is crucial to staying competitive (Figueiredo, 2001). The main objective of this research is to analyze the influence of the internationalization process in the path of accumulation of technological capabilities of Iguaçu. The specific objectives are: (a) characterize its internationalization process, (b) Identify its development of technological capability, (c) Identify the relationship between its internationalization process and its technological development capability.
The authors of this paper recognize that there are numerous theoretical and empirical contributions in the international literature about Internationalization process and Technological Capabilities. Both literatures analyze the importance of knowledge for the companies build competitive advantages and operate in the international market.
First, the literature about Internationalization process was focus of various authors. According to Benito and Gripsrud (1992), Anderson (2000) and Andersen and Buvik (2002) the internationalization literature can be divided in two ap- proaches: Economic and Behavioral (Processual). The Economic approach is composed primarily by four theories: Product Cycle Theory by Vernon (1966 and 1979); Market Power Theory by Hymer (1976); Internalization Theory by Buckley and Casson (1988) and Rugman (1980); and Ecletic
Paradigm or OLI Theory by Dunning (2000 and 2001).These theories are based in economic criterias and rational thinking (Did and Carneiro, 2006). In another hand, the Behavioral approach was launched by the Uppsala Model, constructed by Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul (1975) and Johanson and Vahlne (1977 and 1990).The Uppsala Model study the internationalization phenomenon from the behavioral firm perspective of Cyert and March (1963) and Aharoni (1966) together with the rational limited pesperctive of Simon (1965). Both Economic and Behavioral perspective was studied and developed by theorists analyzing firms in advanced economies and do not consider the idiosyncrasies of emerging companies.Therefore, these theoretical approaches demonstrate limited to understand the internationalization process of firms that operates in emerging economies such as the Brazilian economy. In order to fill this gap, this paper consider the Internationalization model built by Kraus (2006) as a alternative to understand the internationalization path realized by Iguaçu. It´s reinforced that Kraus´ Model is inspired by the Uppsala Model and theoretically does not differ from the Behavioral approach.
Finally, the literature about Innovation and Technological Capabilties suffers from the same "syndrome". Theories such as Dynamic Capabilies Theory by Teece et al (1997), Organizing Firm-specific Competences by Pavitt (1991),The Core Competence Theory by Prahalad and Hamel (1990), and others (Iansiti and Clark, 1994 for example) focus their analysis in industrial organizations that operates near or in the international technological frontier, in other words, these firms already hold the necessary knowledge and technological capabilities to generate innovations at international level. These companies are concerned to differentiate themselves from global competitors and not to construct technological capabilities. Therefore, this paper uses a different perspective. The framework used by the authors to understand the technological trajectory performed by Iguaçu is similar to other studies in emerging economies of different industries such as Software (Rousseva, 2008), LCD-LED (Xie and Wu, 2003; Xie, 2004; Chuang, 2008), communications (Marcelle, 2005), electronics (Kim, 1997; Ariffin and Bell, 1999; Ariffin and Figueiredo, 2004; Hobday and Rush, 2007; and others), manufacture (Karaoz and Albeni, 2005; Chen, 2009; Nan, 2011 and others). All this studies focus high technology- based industries, and the international literature presents scarcity of empirical evidence in low-medium technology- based industries. A few examples could be addressed by the study developed by Dantas and Bell (2009 and 2011) in the petrochemical field, Reichert et al (2011) in the plastic field, and finally, Scott-Kemmis (1988) and Figueiredo (2010) in the forestry, pulp and paper field. Therefore, this study is a attempt to add empirical evidence from coffee soluble industry for the understanding of technological trajectory of low-medium technology-based industries.
To achieve the objectives established by the research the article is divided into four parts. The first section presents the theory of internationalization and technological capability used for the analysis of the case study of Iguaçu. In the second block is shown the Description Model of Technological Capability for Soluble Coffee Industries built for the research.The third part presents the analysis of the data and the fourth and last section of the article concludes with final remarks.
1.Theoretical Empirical Review
This section will present concepts on internationalization and technological capability. Also the models used are explained in the article: Internationalization Model built by Kraus (2006),Technological Capability Model built by Figueiredo (2003) and finally the Description Model of Technological Capability for Soluble Coffee Industries built by the authors for this research.
1.1 Internationalization
Authors like Johanson and Vahlne (1977), Lall (1980) and Oviatt and McDougall (1999) consider internationalization as an evolutionary process, which occurs gradually, over the time and the firm expand its international operations. Molero et al (1998) focus the intellectual capital and knowledge licensing in international projects. Prashantam (2005) emphasize the importance of internationalization to the firm competitiveness, while Kogut (2002) and Leonidou et al (2002) consider the great importance of the external agents and the ambient to understand why and how the firm realized internationalization.
However, in this paper, internationalization can be understood as the involvement process in international operations and it relates to activities such as foreign trade, capital flows, technology transfer, information flow and data, alliances, mergers, acquisitions, (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment among others (Welch and Luostarinen, 1988). Also, Kraus (2006, p 60) understands internationalization as "a process that takes place over time, in which the producer exporter expands his involvement and commitment to international operations."
For this paper, the authors considered the Internationalization Model built by Kraus (2006) as the most appropriate to understand the internationalization process of an organization industry of an emergent economy. The Model of Internationalization of Brazilian Producer Exporter Companies was built by the study of Kraus (2006), who set up an approach based on studies of national and international literature with the intention of adapting it to the Brazilian reality. The author considers that a model with explanatory power to represent the situation in Brazil is supported by the evidence that in this country the vast majority of companies become international upon developing exports (KRAUS, 2006, p. 34).
According to Kraus (2006), the model features four gradual steps, which represent the producer exporter company's commitment in operations abroad. Here the four steps: (i) pre-engagement, (ii) passive involvement, (iii) active involvement and (iv) committed involvement. This model can be better understood with Figure 1. Kraus (2006) comments on his work that in each stage (pre-engagement, passive engagement, active involvement, commitment and involvement) there are stages that can be considered as sub-steps. The author explains each step as follows:
Step of Pre-engagement - The organization is focused en- tirely on the local market it considers safe and familiar. Most Brazilian companies belong here, but may in the future operate abroad. This step consists of: Stage Non-Export and Stage Pre-Export.
Step of Passive Involvement - In this stage the company is involved with its first export activities; it already has a structure, contacts and has exhibited their products at trade shows or fairs.This step consists of: Stage Irregular Exporter and Stage Passive Exporter.
Step Active Involvement - In this stage the company becomes aware of its passivity and shifts its production focus for the market. This step consists of: Stage Pre-Active Exporter and Stage Active Exporter.
Step Committed Involvement- In this stage the company operates in several markets and seeks to adequate itself to the tastes and habits of its consumers, adapting and developing specific products and after-sale services. It is also at this stage that the company finds opportunities with the establishment of offices and production units.
Figure 1 Internationalization Model Of Brazilian Producer Exporter Companies Source: Kraus (2006, p. 35)
1.2 Technological Capability
There are various definitions of technological capability found both in national and international literature. Bell et al (1984) introduce the concept of "Industrial Infant" and "Industrial Maturity". Penrose (1959) was the first to consider the firm as a resource agglomerate. She introduce the term "Technological Base" do describe the set of capabilities and assets that constitutes the core of knowledge and skills that a firm masters and on which the firm develops. Katz (1976) focus the innovation process, where technological capability is an "inventive activity" or an systematic creative effort in order to increase the productive capacity or to obtain new knowledge. Dahlman and Westphal (1982) formulated the "Technological Domain" concept, which is considered analogous to "technological capability" concept.
The term "technological capability" was improved over the years by Bell (1982), Westphal et al (1984), Scott-Kemmis (1988), Enos (1991), Lall (1992), Kim (1993) and others. However, for this paper it will be we used the one developed by Bell and Pavitt (1993), who consider technological capability as the resources needed to generate and manage technological change, including skills, knowledge and experience, institutional structures and networks. The resources required to manage this technological change are allocated to individuals and organizational systems (Bell, Pavitt, 1993, 1995). Both authors distinguish "capability" and "innovative capability", considering production capability as routine capabilities, which are the skills for operational activities and production of goods and services with a certain level of efficiency, using a cluster of dimensions: skills, equipment, product specifications and production systems and organizational methods. On the other side, the innovative capability refers to the incorporation of additional and distinct features to generate and manage technological change.
Various authors engaged to construct and improve Models to understand the technological capability trajectory. We can mention six majors models that served as inspiration: Lall´s Model (1992) divided in Complexity Degree and Technical Functions, Bell and Pavitt´s Model (1993) based on the categories of technological capability, Kim´s (1997) based in the trajectory of imitation to generation, Bell´s Model (1997 apud Figueiredo 2003) which introduces the notion of gradual accumulation of new technological capabilities, Hobday´s Model (1995) which contextualize technological capabilities to emerging companies and finally, Figueiredo´s Model (2003). We can argue that all these models plays an important role to understand how firms accumulate and perform innovation capability. For this paper, we considered that the Figueiredo´s model was the most appropriate to understand the phenomenon of technological trajectory.
Figueiredo (2003) constructed a model which allows to identify and measure the technological capability-based activities that the company is able to accomplish throughout its existence.The model distinguishes two types of capabilities: Routine Capabilities, which includes the ability to use or operate a given technology, and Innovative Capability, the ability to adapt or develop new production processes, organizational systems, products, equipment and engineering projects, that is, generate and manage technological innovation.
According to Figueiredo (2003), the model is explained as follows: The columns represent the technological capabilities by function, and the lines the levels of difficulty. These categories are measured by the activities that express levels of capabilities or, in other words, the type of activity that the company is able to perform on its own at different time intervals. The model is divided into seven levels of technological capability for five functions.
1.3 Taxonomy of Technological Capacity for Soluble Coffee
To develop this article, we built a taxonomy of Technological Capability specific to the industrial sector of Soluble Coffee. Table 1 - Description Model of Technological Capacity for Soluble Coffee Industries - is divided into sets of capabilities, capabilities that are routine and innovative capabilities.
2. Research method
The objective of this paper is to understand the influenced of the internationalization process in the trajectory of accumulation of technological capabilities of Iguaçu. The strategy adopted to address this question was the case study. According to Yin (2005, p.32), case study is "an empirical enquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within it´s real-life context, especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly defined."
Research Strategy and Types of Evidence: The paper used an combination of multiple sources of information, such a: interviews, meetings, observation, technical documents, historical documents and reports in order to achieve more reliability and execution of methodological traingularion in case studies (Denzin, 1978; Jick, 1979; Eisenhardt, 1989;Yin, 2005).
Source of Evidence Collection Tool and Collection Process: For this research, was intervewed a group of employees that represents the "organizational memory" of Iguaçu: Industrial
Director, Supply Management, Maintanance and Logistics Manager, Quality & Process Coordinator, R&D Coordinator and Training & Development Coordinator.Also was consulted two former Presidents, four former Directors, Trade Manager and International Business Manager. In order to construct the Analytical Model of Technological capabilities and Internationalization Process, was consulted four senior professor expert in Innovation and International Business and technicians from Iguaçu. The interviews was realized in February-March of 2010 in loco.
3.The Process of Internationalization of Iguaçu
The process of internationalization of Iguaçu was divided in the seven stages presented by Kraus' model and it demonstrated that the rate of evolution was different for each stage.The speed and how they developed the process of internationalization of the company is associated with several factors such as: Trade Restrictions and Advantages, Restrictions and Technological Advantages, Restrictions and Advantages of Brazilian Legislation, Restrictions and Benefits of International Countries Law, Restrictions and Advantages of competition, Restrictions and Advantages of Alliances, Company Focus, Strategy, Historical Events, and so on.
Between 1967 and 1971 the company focus on the construction of its industrial plant, acquisition of production machinery and prospect international customers, being considered by the Kraus´ Model in Pre-engagement step. Between 1972 and 1975 the firm increase its knowledge about the international customer, focus to gather information about Non-Traditional Markets (All markets that not include USA, Canada and Western Europe), but the company maintain an passive position with exporting/importing agents, in other words, in the Passive step of the Kraus´Model.
From 1976 until 1996, the firm could be considered in the Active step of Kraus´Model.These two decades was used to reinforce the global position of Iguaçu in International markets such as Romania, ex-URSS, Japan, Arabic countries, Islamic countries and other. Also, the firm engaged to develop products, process, quality, strategies, human resources and costs. From 1997, the firm can be considered in the Committed Step pf Kraus´Model. The firm invested in industrial plants over the seas.The first commercial operation was the acquisition of Panfoods Co. Limited in London UK. This unit is responsible for the commercialization of the soluble coffee in international markets.This accomplishment permit that Iguaçu untie the ties with export/import agents. The first industrial operation was lauched in Turgovivisti, Romain in 2002. In 2006,Iguaçu lauched the first industrial unit to produced freeze-dried coffee. This plant is located in Palência Spain and produces 3,6 thousand tons/year.
In the late '70s, and during the 80s and 90s, the company went through a slower internationalization process. This is due to all the facts mentioned earlier for the conquest of new markets, seeking non-traditional markets, closer ties with new customers, loosening of relations with agents, improving its quality, and expansion of their knowledge of international markets. In the late '90s, the company reaches a level of internationalization that few Brazilian companies have achieved with the establishment of investment in offices, subsidiaries and production units in foreign countries.
4.The Evolution ofTechnological Capability of Iguaçu
The technological development of Iguaçu happened differently, i.e. the accumulation of technological capabilities in the company had mixed types and speeds among the five functions studied (Product, Process, Equipment, Investment and Research & Development R&D). This does not indicate that the company has had some anomaly or faced a great difficulty because of the asymmetry of the technological path; this only indicates that the company's strategy has made an effort on the accumulation of certain capacities in different periods of its history.
The company has demonstrated commitment to incremental improvement of all technological functions. According to the data obtained, it has been observed that the company, throughout its trajectory, has dealt with the Product, Process, Equipment and Investment Functions pretty much the same way. Early in its history, the company has joined effort on technology training both on Investment and Equipment Products precisely in order to create a basis so that Product and Process Functions could be developed. With the sophistication of their customers and markets, the company naturally sought efforts to improve its products and processes. In recent years, the company has lined up its efforts in these four functions and can finally focus on Technological Capability in R&D.
The data indicate that all functions are connected to each other in a very intimate way and with direct and indirect effects on improving or inhibiting the development of others. Quite obviously, the Product Function has always depended directly on the Equipment Function, or the Equipment Function depends directly and indirectly on the Investment Function. Therefore, we can confirm that a function can play a catalytic role in joint improvement of all other functions of the company. Thus, we conclude that the company suffered a gradual increase of its technological capabilities, at first stabilizing routine capabilities so later it could focus on building innovative capacities over the years.
5. The Influence of Internationalization Process in the Evolution of Technological Capability in Iguaçu
With data obtained from the analysis, it is possible to show some influences from the internationalization process in the evolution of technological capabilities of Iguaçu. This occurs because the data were treated according to methods previously shown and it is possible to observe historically the relationship between landmarks in the internationalization and its impact on the company's technological path (Figure 1).
The early stages of internationalization occurred only with routine technological capabilities. The first innovative capacity only occurred when the company was already in the 5th stage of internationalization. The last two stages have a greater influence on the company's search for more complex innovative capabilities. In Stage 6 two technological frontiers were surpassed (equipment and R & D) and in the 7th stage occurred the last two (Product and Process).
Regarding the amount of years that the company needed to overcome the technological frontier, it took 33 years for them to operate innovative functions in Product and Process, Equipment 27 years, 14 years in investments and 29 in R & D.
Regarding technological changes, the same phenomenon of early levels requiring less capacity occurred. In the first five stages of internationalization, the company went through 9 changes of capacity level, meaning 40.9% of the company's technological changes. Only in the 6th stage of internationalization, the company has undergone 8 changes of capacity level, or 36.3% of the changes. The 7th and final stage of internationalization was responsible for 5-level changes in capacity or 22.7% of the company's technological changes.
If we turn our attention to overcoming technological boundaries, we can observe that the Stage of Pre-Active Internationalization was responsible for one surpassing, the Investment Function. On the other hand Stage of Active Internationalization contributed so that Equipment and R & D Functions exceeded the Technological Frontier. And in the last stage of internationalization, in Stage of Committed Involvement, there was the surpassing of Product and Process Functions.
By analyzing the changes of level and surpassing of technological frontier, it was possible to determine four major Waves of Evolution. These waves are periods of evolution in the path of Iguaçu marked by the passage from one stage of internationalization to another and great impact on different technological functions. The most important was wave C, having occurred between 1992 and 2002, in which there were 3 Technological Frontier advances and 9 technological changes.
The most important data obtained with the visualization of the trajectories of internationalization and technological capacity are: (a) Internationalization is always ahead of the path of technological capacity of any function, (b) Function Product was the one with most varied speed, (c) Function Process only reached the other between 2002 and 2007 (d) Function Equipment had its highest growth rate in the 80s (e) the investment function was the one that had the highest growth rate in the beginning of business activities and (f) the function R & D had a rate that could not follow the other in the middle 80s.
Based on data from the technological path of Iguaçu, it is possible to determine the existence of two Technological Knots (Graph 2). Knots are periods in the Technological Path where various functions reached a prescribed level of technological sophistication in the same period. It was possible to verify that the first knot of great importance occurred in 1992, when the Investment, Product and Equipment Functions reached the Pre-Intermediate Level at the same time the company reached Stage Exporting Active.You can also point to the existence of a second Technological Knot in 2007/08, when the Function Product, Process, Equipment and Investment attained the Upper Intermediate Level few years after Iguaçu had entered the Stage of Committed Internationalization.
This confirms the idea that different stages of internationalization require different functions and different levels, and, in general, it always requires a complete technological change in the company. That is, for that company to become more internationally competitive, it needs improvement before, during and after its surpassing stage.
With the interviews, it became evident that some factors are extremely important for the company to have traveled the path of internationalization as studied: experience of directors, available technology, staff, legislation, quotas and restrictions, market demands, specific customer requirements, opening and closing of markets, among others.
Graph 1 Growth Speed and Waves of Evolution at Iguaçu
Graph 2 Functional Evolution And Technological Knots At Iguaçu
6. The Implications of the Internationalization of Iguaçu of Soluble Coffee Company
Of the most crucial aspects for Iguaçu to have changed its internationalization strategy occurred in 1975. At that time, Instituto Brasileiro do Café (IBC) / Brazilian Coffee Institute had imposed a quota system, limiting the amount that each company could export to traditional markets such as the USA, Canada and Western Europe. At first, it was one of the biggest barriers that the company had to overcome in order to expand its supply chain and even assure its survival.
This is how the company began to intensify its efforts to open new markets, such as the Japanese and the Soviet market. The Japanese market had a major impact on improving the technical Product Function as well as Process and Equipment Function.
Currently, the Japanese market and the countries of former Soviet Union have a strategic role for the company. It is in Romania that the company decided to install the first plant in international territory. It is in this country also the brand Iguaçu Friend competes advantageously compared with global brands of Nestlé and Kraft Foods.
Many major international markets such as the English, the Jewish and the Islamic ones demanded a radical improvement of the company in its process. For the company to access and have acceptance in these markets, Iguaçu had to adapt its policies and procedures to comply with the laws and requirements of these markets. The search for international certifications such as BRC, the Kosher and Halal occurred so that Iguaçu could sell to these markets and dem- onstrate that its quality parameters and procedures were in accordance with such requirements.
One of the most important undertakings of Iguaçu also went to the requirement of international markets.The production unit installed in Spain aims at the industrialization of coffee beans from other regions of the world. Currently the Brazilian Government prohibits the importation of other types of coffee beans grown in other regions of the world, even for industrialization.As different types of grains make up different aromas and flavors of coffee, Iguaçu, to meet the requirements of international markets and specific customers, decided to install a factory in Palencia in order to process all types of coffee beans that its clients may demand.
With this information we can demonstrate that different types of technological capability (Product, Process, Equipment, Investment and R & D) are closely intertwined with the process of internationalization of the company. The company sought to improve its technological function in an active and passive way due to the complexity of the path of internationalization.
7. Conclusion
The scope of this paper was to define the discussion of the influence of the internationalization process of companies in the accumulation of technological capabilities of the coffee sector. Given these themes, we can say that the construction of theoretical models, empirical study on internationalization and technological capabilities have been fully explored. Thus, as the studies found, we identified a theoretical and empirical opportunity to address the two issues with a con- text for firms in emerging economies.
For this work, extensive research was needed into the historic process of internationalization of the company studied. It was also necessary to conduct a survey of the technological milestones of the company, to build a descriptive model of industry-specific technological capabilities, something that had not been done before by any other study, and to identify the evolution of technological capabilities of the company. After these two analyzes, it was necessary to find evidence that pointed to how the internationalization process influenced decision making and technological learning of the company.
It should be noted that the research methodology, theories and descriptive model were built considering only those aspects and particularities of the Soluble Coffee Industry being regarded as relevant aspects for the industry. The formation of the descriptive model and its development indicators were necessary to perform an objective and more precise analysis as to the capabilities, besides providing for future work a comparison between companies in this sector.
The article tried to use six different perspectives in order to analyze the history of the company. The methodology was the use of an Internationalization Lens and five different Lenses of Technological Capability to describe the company's evolution.The use of these different dimensions allowed visualization of commonalities and implementation, making possible to see the influence of these factors.
It is noteworthy that the soluble coffee industry is one of the rare examples of Brazilian industries to become more international and well succeed in the global marketplace, competing head to head with global competitors and domi- nating sophisticated consumer markets.
It can be concluded that for enterprises of soluble coffee to conquer, reach, and remain competitive in international markets, they must engage efforts in order to accumulate several organizational skills, alliances and technological capabilities.That is, if the company seeks to accelerate the conquest of international markets and remain competitive in global markets it should make efforts towards seeking technical and managerial improvements of its staff and organizational network.
Efforts to complete this article made possible some contributions to the study of technological capabilities, internationalization, soluble coffee industry and industries in emerging economies.
In the section where we described the Evolution of Technological Capability of Iguaçu on its five technological functions, it was necessary to build a Descriptive Model of Technological Capability of Companies of Soluble Coffee Industry. The model constructed was shown in Table 1. The model developed can serve as a tool for future research in the field of Soluble Coffee, as well as a template for building technological capabilities of other branches of industry. The possibility of contextualization of the model according to the characteristics of the technological environment of each branch of industry opens opportunities so that research in various branches of the economy be possible.
In the process of studying the influence of the Internationalization Process in the Evolution of Technological Capability of Iguaçu took place the analyzes of how the speed and growth path of the company were conducted. Reflecting on this influence, two phenomena were found, and thus, the names and concepts suggested.
It must be emphasized that the way the Technological Capability Model was built and determined, as well as the names and concepts attributed to the two phenomena were entirely based on this study. Errors and interpretations are the sole responsibility of the authors.
From the study it is possible to make some suggestions of some research possibilities on the internationalization of firms and the evolution of technological capabilities:
i. to search for other cases, qualitatively, in order to verify if the same phenomenon occurs similarly;
ii. to deepen this research with a larger number of companies studied for possible quantitative analysis;
iii. to develop studies in soluble coffee companies installed in other countries, to examine whether the phenomenon occurs with non-Brazilian companies;
iv. to study the issues of internationalization and technologi- cal capacity of enterprises with other perspectives, interpre- tations and theories to analyze the results;
v. to perform comparative case studies among soluble coffee companies with the same analytical framework;
vi. to deepen this study to determine the reasons why this company did not succeed in the complete evolution of its technological capabilities in the different technological func- tions proposed and understand the factors that may lead to speed the rate of accumulation of technological capabilities.
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Received April 13, 2012 / Accepted June 16, 2012


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in reply to
Re: new initiate on the path..
in thread
new initiate on the path..
Thanks sundial, I have been practically living on the cpan website the past couple days. You can see some of what I have been working on at this node:
PDF Extract
tangent was a huge help in getting me to writing pdf to pdf. It is not quite the format I was envisioning right now, but it was way further than I was. As far as the potential job, I'll have to wait and see from what they think from the scripts that I have turned in. Most of the credit goes to you guys, honestly, for doing some of these things in the past and having sample code available on this site. I am still quite a n00b at this point :) peace, PerlSufi
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
'Evil gene' in Sandy Hook killer?
Report: Scientists studying DNA of gunman Adam Lanza
A Christian evangelist and best-selling author of dozens of books has a tip for scientists who have launched a study of the DNA of Sandy Hook killer Adam Lanza, searching for an "evil" gene.
It's already been found.
"These scientists can't see the forest for the trees, and this is what happens when there is a clash of two worldviews," said Ray Comfort, who recently released "The Beatles, God and the Bible," about the spirituality of the Fab Four, along with an accompanying movie, "Genius."
The project exposes the theological side of the Beatles, offering unique and fascinating insight into the spirituality of the world's most famous rock band.
He continued, "Secular humanity says that mankind is basically good, and if someone does something evil (such as mass murder), they've gone off the rails and there must therefore be a reason for the moral failure.
"Perhaps he was bullied as a youth, didn't have a father figure, lost his job, or was jilted by a girlfriend," Comfort said. "When that didn't fit this profile scientists decided to go on a ridiculous search for an 'evil' gene, so that the gene can be blamed."
It was revealed in a recent report in the Daily Mail that the study of Lanza's DNA was ordered by Connecticut Medical Examiner H. Wayne Carver, who carried out post-mortems on the 20 children and six adults killed in the Sandy Hook school shooting rampage.
The report said Carver has contacted geneticists at University of Connecticut to do the work.
The report said, "Geneticists said they are likely looking at Lanza's DNA to detect a mutation or abnormality that could increase the risk of aggressive or violent behavior. They could analyze Lanza's entire genome in great detail and try to find any unexpected mutations."
Arthur Beaudet, of Baylor College of Medicine, said such studies are needed, "because there are 'some mutations that are known to be associated with at least aggressive behavior if not violent behavior.'"
"By studying genetic abnormalities we can learn more about conditions better and who is at risk and what might be dramatic treatments," Beaudet said in the report.
"The Beatles, God, and the Bible" is newly available in the WND Superstore.
But Comfort, who revealed in his "Genius" movie that most of the 15 California young people who were interviewed admitted they would murder for money, said the explanation isn't complicated.
"The Bible's worldview is radically different. It says we all have an evil gene and it's called 'sin.' It's us, not the genes, that are to blame. If that is a bitter pill to swallow, watch the news tonight for evidence that man is basically evil," Comfort said.
"You will read and hear of rapes, murders, adultery, greed, pornography, hatred, torture, lying, stealing, blasphemy, and that's just the tiny tip of a massive iceberg," Comfort said. "There's corruption in politics, in churches, in businesses, in sports – in every sphere of society, and all that evil starts in the human being, not in some isolated evil gene.
"Adam Lanza was a normal sinful human being, and he decided he would commit mass murder. That's it. It's horrific. It's tragic, but it happens every day on a smaller scale," Comfort said.
"We have to stop looking elsewhere for the problem, and do some thorough introspection. American will never get on its feet, until she first gets on her knees," he said.
Comfort, who also is a movie producer and is based in Los Angeles, explains that John Lennon once said, "I'm a most religious fellow … I was brought up a Christian and I only now understand some of the things that Christ was saying in those parables."
The project is the second book in a series of cultural and religious exposés, and Comfort takes a trip down Abbey Road with Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr and George Harrison, showing the evolution of their spirituality. From the height of their fame in 1965, when all four Beatles professed to be atheists, Comfort sheds light on how each member started singing a different tune when it came to their spirituality as time marched on.
The book recounts the years before the Beatles were formed – John met Paul at a church function – their march to creating worldwide Beatlemania and the spiritual lives of each member after the breakup.
"With countless books having been written on the Beatles, it's great to see one addressing this vital and fascinating topic," said J. Jackson, the lead singer of ApologetiX. "The Fab Four had an enormous spiritual influence on the world, but what about their own spiritual influences? Ray Comfort approaches that topic with the same passion and research we've come to expect from him in everything he does."
Comfort is the founder, president, and CEO of Living Waters Publications. After relocating from New Zealand to Southern California in the late 1980s, Comfort introduced pastors and churches to a biblical teaching he called "Hell's best kept secret."
The enthusiastic response that followed took Comfort's Living Waters Publications ministry to a whole new level. From humble beginnings, LWP has become an internationally recognized ministry, reaching the lost and equipping Christians with every necessary resource to fulfill the great commission.
Comfort is the co-host, with Kirk Cameron, of the award-winning television program "The Way of the Master," which airs in 70 countries.
Comfort is a best-selling author of more than 60 books, including "You Can Lead an Atheist to Evidence, But You Can't Make Him Think," "Hitler, God, and the Bible" and "Nothing Created Everything: The Scientific Impossibility of Atheistic Evolution."
Comfort's look at John Lennon:
Get your own copy of the movie, "Genius," and read the accompanying book, "The Beatles, God and the Bible."


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During the first few years I spent in the choir of St. Mary's Orthodox Church, I wrestled mightily with the intricacies of Byzantine chant. When I had a couple of other basses surrounding me I could follow along all right, but when I had to hold up the part on my own it was usually a disaster.
One Pentecost Sunday, facing a very complex hymnology, I began to panic when none of the other basses appeared. I was sure I was going to screw everything up. In my corner of the choir there is a big icon of St. Nicholas on my right, a much smaller one of St. John the Evangelist lower down and a large icon of St. Vladimir behind me. In the Eastern tradition an icon is a quasi-sacramental presence of what it representsso I looked at the three icons surrounding me, chose St. Nicholas and pleaded for help. A soft but clear voice came to me: You picked the wrong one, pal. I can't sing for beans.
This was as close as I have ever come to a supernatural experienceand it is also pretty typical of the kind of relationship I have with God and his kingdom (in all fairness to St. Nicholas, another bass showed up during the second antiphon).
There are a few people I know who live in constant contact with the supernatural. They discover the hand of God in everything. All sorts of mysterious and wonderful things happen to them. They believe and they see, and I have no reason to doubt their authenticity. Such is not my lot, however. I usually have no clue as to what is going on and have given up trying to make sense out of it. I figure the best I can do is to roll with the punches more or less gracefully. There are many mansions in the house of the Father. I have the quiet conviction that God wants me to walk with him in twilight and poverty, in doubt and weakness, in communion with all those who find it difficult to believe and hope and pray, with those who are scandalized by his silence. My place is there with the poor, the ordinary guynot to preach or set an example but as a co-sufferer and partner in their obscurity.
The other day I received a pamphlet offering all sorts of books, cassettes and videos on meditation and contemplation, drawing upon different traditionsChristian, Jewish, Sufi, Hindu, Celtic (druidic) and others. All these time-tested techniques and theories certainly have their value for persons with the leisure and setting to put them into practice. I am not one of them. After a day of often hard and usually boring physical work I am pretty much wiped out, and any attempt to establish the silence recommended by the how-to books would be interrupted by snoring. I would like very much to get away to a monastery or a solitary place for a prolonged retreat, but that too is a luxury I cannot afford. So I have to do the best I can with what I have, trying to weave prayer into the texture of my daily life.
Psychologically my relationship with God varies. There are better days, when we seem to get along well. Occasionally I get mad at him. I get bored with God often. Sometimes I wonder if I have any relationship with him at all and whether this whole business is not one big illusion. This worm of disbelief lurks in the back of my mind. I know it is there, and I cannot ignore it no matter how hard I try.
The apparent inefficacy of our prayers does not help eithernot just my personal prayer but the prayers of the church and the prayers of Jesus himself while on earth. For two millennia we have been supplicating God for the coming of his kingdom and for our daily bread, for peace and unity; but we experience kingdoms of evil and famine, wars and divisions. He who promised that we could move mountains with the faith of a mustard seed remains silent in spite of the importunities and insistence of his children. It is almost as if they were given vipers instead of bread. There is no way of sugarcoating this. Karl Barth once wrote that disbelief should not be taken seriously. This is good advice. I try to follow it, though it is not easy.
In this context I have doubts about the reality of my so-called prayer life. It is one thing to have ideas about God and play intellectual games with them or have poetical intuitions concerning the mysteries of faith. It is quite another thing to be truly in relationship with the living God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. I am afraid that much of my contemplation is simply a monologue with myself. For one thing, there is far too much noise. I find myself scheming, organizing my life, watching myself live, imagining what could happen, what might happen. Other people populate my mind too, some beneficially, others less so. Is there, beneath all this, a zone of silence and simplicity open to the Immortal One? I honestly don't know.
Near the end of his life, Charles de Foucauld wrote how everything had become difficult and painful for him, even to tell Jesus he loved him. He no longer felt anythingbut that, finally, was unimportant. When one wants to love God, one loves him and when one wants to love God above all things, one loves him above all things. I think the same can be said about prayer. Whatever might be our psychological predispositions at a given time, the desire to pray is in itself a prayer. There are so many factors, both inside and outside ourselves, that impede concentration and make sustained attention difficult. For instance, we are not always mindful of the theological virtues. The masters of the mystical life often stressed the importance of being ready to leave behind all our ideas of God, all our sentiments, in order to enter into the life of God in his thrice-holy mystery. And there is the whole weight of genetic sin, of inherited hang-ups and complexes: social sin, the hypocrisies and lies in which we live, breathe and have being; our personal sins, our cowardice, the habits we cannot shake, the vulnerabilities that just won't go away; the mystery of evil which finds its complicities in us.
In the midst of all this, it is difficult to find points of reference. For my part, I have discovered nothing better than Foucauld's simple truth, phrased a bit differently: When one desires to pray, one prays. When one desires that prayer be the center of one's life, it is. In this I find a certain peace amid all the apparent difficulties and failures.
But how serious and authentic is this will to pray? Here I feel the need to translate it into something concrete and objective. My solution is not very original, nor what would be expected of a guy usually considered a wild-eyed radical. I have been reciting the Divine Office daily, come hell or high water, for the last 12 years in Latin, according to the Tridentine rubrics as reformed by Pius X. (That just happens to be the only breviary I have.) It is not just my prayer; it is the prayer of the church into which I enter. There is the old notion that the prayer of the church compensates for our personal distractions. This gives a setting to my day and is a constant reminder to renew my desire to pray. I do not pretend to hold this up as a method for anyone elsebut it works for me.
Helpful, too, has been my rediscovery ofand subsequent immersion inthe spirituality of the Eastern churches. On the one hand, the mysticism of the East has enabled me to see my own traditions in a new light and to discover things there I would not have imagined. And, on the flip side of the coin, my Western heritage allows me to appreciate better the riches of Orthodoxy. I thus have the best of both worlds. Being able to breathe with both lungs (as Pope John Paul II put it) has made a wonderful difference. It is a grace I wholeheartedly desire for the universal church.
When all is said and done, my prayer life is not for me to know or discern. St. Paul, in 1 Cor. 4:3-5, is very succinct: It matters little to me whether you or any human court pass judgment on me. I do not even pass judgment on myself. Mind you, I have nothing on my conscience, but that does not mean that I am declaring myself innocent. The Lord is the one to judge me, so stop passing judgment before the time of his return. He will bring to light what is hidden in darkness and manifest the intentions of hearts. At that time everyone will receive his praise from God.
I am not afraid of this judgment of Christ on the day of his revelation, for his judgment will be just and true, and I thirst for truth and justice. Surely I shall discover that his holiness is far greater than anything I could have imagined and that my nonconformity to his image is far more pathetic and tragic than I ever suspected. But I shall also discover the magnificence of his mercy, which surpasses all understanding and which I can only begin to measure by the illuminated realization of my misery. Jesus knows of what clay he has fashioned meand has promised that anyone who comes to him will not be cast out.
I just read your article DESIRING PRAYER and wanted to tell you how closely I identify with it. I have been struggling for a long time with a combination of chronic depression, anxiety, and sadness which really hampers my desire to pray and make real God in my life. That desire is there but the reality is more often than not, missing. I am getting spiritual direction from a wonderful priest who, however, has no real sense of how severe some of what I deal with is. I intend to make sure he reads your article. Perhaps it will help him understand a bit better. Also, I have been greatly drawn to mysticism and those great mystics of the past, but find few resources to help me develop this interest. Your article has given me new hope and inspiration. Thank you very much for stating so well what I and, I am sure, many others experience too. God Bless you!
I just read your article DESIRING PRAYER and wanted to tell you how closely I identify with it. I have been struggling for a long time with a combination of chronic depression, anxiety, and sadness which really hampers my desire to pray and make real God in my life. That desire is there but the reality is more often than not, missing. I am getting spiritual direction from a wonderful priest who, however, has no real sense of how severe some of what I deal with is. I intend to make sure he reads your article. Perhaps it will help him understand a bit better. Also, I have been greatly drawn to mysticism and those great mystics of the past, but find few resources to help me develop this interest. Your article has given me new hope and inspiration. Thank you very much for stating so well what I and, I am sure, many others experience too. God Bless you!


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The Rigalite focuses on the People who lived in Marina...
- by Terry147
- Rating:
- Published: 2 Feb 2018
- Updated: 2 Feb 2018
- Status: In Progress
"HE WHO RIDES A TIGER" Chief petty office Peter Thompson the upstanding, charming gent hides a secret, he is an abuser of children. How long can he evade the law. one young girl, his daughter finds the courage to come forward to tell all after years of torment.. based on a true story. "A must read"
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text:
Easter eggs are fun, usually somewhat hidden references to games you might recognise. They're a friendly nudge in their direction. A wink even.
But not all easter eggs are created equal. In fact, this easter egg in Skyrim might just be the worst one yet. Pac-Man is certainly a good choice, but I'm not sure this piece of sliced goat cheese does the iconic character justice. And I love goat cheese.


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I've tasted several hundred Italian wines from every region of the country over the past few months for an important project I'm working on (more on that in a few weeks). I'm getting there, but have a lot more to taste, so today, just a fun post displaying some of my favorite Italian wine labels. God knows there are hundreds, perhaps thousands of wonderful labels out there, especially the classically designed ones that adorn the products of many famous Barolo, Brunello and Amarone producers. For this display however, I thought I'd go with some of the more distinctive modern designs, all graphically unique and beautiful.
What I love about these labels is that they are beautifully designed with distinctive graphics, yet you have no problem identifying the wine and the producer in an instant.
Do you have any cutting edge Italian labels you love? Let me know!


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|Kyle Busch Wins ISM Connect 300
|Modified Season Sweep for Santos
|Bell Wins UNOH 175 Truck Series Race
|Mile Kyle: Busch Takes Pole for ISM Connect 300
|Short Track Extravaganza Set for Sept. 2018
|New England Themed Going Away Gift for Junior
Keselowski to Keep Phone in Race Car
Brad Keselowski says he will continue to keep a cell phone in his Sprint Cup car, but other drivers aren't so sure that they will keep phones – or how long they'll be allowed to – in their cars during races.
Keselowski posted photos and answered fans' questions via Twitter while the Daytona 500 was under a red flag on Monday night. His actions gained international attention and resulted in an increase of approximately 160,000 followers on the social media web site.
As of Friday morning, the Penske Racing driver's account had 224,800 followers.
While it appeared that having a phone in the car could violate NASCAR rules regarding the use of radios and recording devices in cars, NASCAR announced Tuesday that drivers could continue having phones in their vehicles during races. NASCAR will be on the lookout, though, for any use that could impact competition.
"I don't know how you would use it to do something illegal," Keselowski said Friday at Phoenix International Raceway. "I'm sure there are some smart people that would try to think of one. The ability to give access to fans is more than worth any of those small ramifications.
"I don't see any significant advantage you could get even if you did find a way to make it a data recorder because with the new [fuel-injection] system, it does data recording as it stands right now."
The Daytona 500 was stopped for 2 hours, 5 minutes to clean the track after Juan Pablo Montoya crashed into a jet dryer, which erupted into a fireball. After he stopped his car, Keselowski tweeted a photo. And then tweeted. And tweeted. And tweeted some more.
"As an athlete, entertainer, race-car driver, whatever you want to call me, the things I did on Twitter was something I would want to see," Keselowski said. "The people that I follow on Twitter, if you were to ask me what I would want to see from [them], that's what I would want to see.
"That's all I did. I don't think any harder than that. I'm glad that people liked it and enjoyed it."
But not everyone seemed enthralled with the idea.
Kevin Harvick apparently doesn't think carrying cell phones in a race car is a good idea. He already has found a miles-per-hour application for his phone that he believes he could use to monitor his speed down pit road.
"I'm going to look for every app I can for mile-per-hour, GPS mapping, and anything I can find to put in my car," Harvick said. "I'm looking for it because I'm looking to outlaw this rule as fast as I can because I don't want to have to keep up with it. I have found a mile-per-hour app, so that'll be good down pit road."
Four-time Cup champion Jeff Gordon also wondered whether the phone could be used in more sinister ways.
"The social media aspect was great for the sport, great for Brad," Gordon said. "From that side of it, it's awesome that NASCAR is being that lenient. But I think the technology of phones these days is growing rapidly.
"There could be some things that NASCAR might need to pay attention to that might need to keep the phones out of the car."
NASCAR Vice President of Competition Robin Pemberton said the sanctioning body is aware that drivers could have phones in their cars but doesn't see that as a way for them to tap into fuel-injection systems.
"We're probably going to watch and see what path it takes," Pemberton said. "Right now, there's not much of a concern about it."
Obviously Keselowski doesn't have much concern.
"You could definitely make an argument that a smartphone is a mini-computer," Keselowski said. "I could definitely see that. But it's not like I had it plugged into anything. You have fuel injection in the cars, but I don't know how you could use it to cheat, quite frankly.
"Unless you mounted it to something to maybe make a video."
Count both Denny Hamlin and Matt Kenseth among drivers who also don't want to have the distraction of a phone in the car.
Kenseth, who won the Daytona 500, simply said: "That's the last thing I need."
Hamlin said "different people see things important differently" and social media, to Hamlin, isn't important enough to have a phone in his car.
"Where does it end?" Hamlin said. "Do you text or Tweet during cautions and then you look up and run into the guy behind you?
"I don't know. There are certain parameters that I guess we've got to all play in, but if I'm thinking about winning the race, I'm not thinking about social media when I'm under that green flag or yellow flag or any of those conditions."
Keselowski said he doesn't keep his phone in the car to tweet, but to be able to contact family if he gets in an accident.
He said after a scary crash at California in September 2007, he was airlifted to a hospital and had no way to contact his parents. After his August 2011 accident at Road Atlanta, he had his phone and could text his mom from the helicopter before she heard it on the news.
"That kind of put the fire out before it really got started and she really appreciated that," Keselowski said. "It put me a lot more at ease [to have the phone]. … From that moment on, I decided I was going to keep my phone with me in the race car.
"There actually was a practical purpose for having it with me and I designed a pocket to put it inside my car to be able to keep it there. I didn't put it in my car thinking, 'We're going to have a red flag at Daytona for a guy hitting a jet dryer and causing an explosion.'"
Keselowski marveled at how much attention his tweeting during the red flag generated.
"I was amazed that it got that much attention and somewhat felt bad for Matt because obviously he won the biggest race of the year," he said. "I'm sure he got a lot of attention but I didn't need to take any away from him."


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The Chemical Guys Leather Cleaner and Conditioner Complete Kit preserves and protects all leather pieces. Proper cleaning and conditioning is crucial to keep leather looking its best: neglected leather dries out, cracks, and fades; dirty leather shines and shimmers from body oil grease contamination. When cleaned, conditioned, and cared for properly, leather feels smooth, looks silky, and smells fresh and luxurious. Chemical Guys Leather Cleaner and Leather Conditioner are both OEM approved, water-based, and gentle enough to preserve the natural scent and texture of fine new leather. Leather Cleaner lifts and emulsifies dirt, oils, and grease from deep within the pores of natural and synthetic leather upholstery and accessories. Leather Conditioner moisturizes and nourishes dried out and sun beaten leather with natural aloe extracts and Vitamin E to maintain a soft supple feel, and resist cracking and fading. Preserve the natural look and feel of soft new leather with the one-two punch of Chemical Guys Leather Cleaner and Leather Conditioner.
Leather was once the skin of an animal, so leather care is just like skin care. To properly nourish and protect leather, you must first clean away any oils and impurities with Chemical Guys Leather Cleaner. Only then can you condition and nourish the leather to restore a silky smooth texture and fresh new scent. Chemical Guys Leather Conditioner nourishes natural tanned leather hides and synthetic materials, preventing them from drying out, cracking, and fading from the wear and tear of regular use. Leather Conditioner replenishes essential nutrients like Vitamin E that are regularly depleted by harsh elements like the sun. Regular use of the Chemical Guys Leather Cleaner & Conditioner Complete Kit keeps leather looking clean, feeling silky smooth, and soft and supple to resist cracking and breaking prematurely.
Chemical Guys leather care products aren�t just for the leather in your car. Water-based products like Chemical Guys Leather Cleaner and Leather Conditioner work throughout any car, home, office, and anywhere fine leather needs attention. Use Leather Cleaner and Leather Conditioner on fine natural leather, durable sealed leather, versatile synthetic leather upholstery, leather clothing and apparel, leather accessories, bags and saddles, shoes and boots, jackets and pants, couches and chairs� the possibilities are endless! Clean, maintain, and protect any type of natural or synthetic leather material with Chemical Guys Leather Cleaner & Conditioner Complete Kit.
The Complete Leather Kit is also available in a
16 ounce size.
Leather Cleaner and Leather Conditioner can also be purchased separately.
*Feel free to email or call us at 866-822-3670
*Watch any of our highly informative "How to" videos on YouTube
*Take one of DIY or Smart Detailing University Classes and learn about detailing
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Name: Sam J. Sheen
Date of Birth: March 9, 2004
Parents: Denise Richards & Charlie Sheen
Siblings: Lola Sheen, 8, Eloise Richards, 2 , 4-year-old twins Bob & Max Sheen & Cassandra Estevez
♥ Sam was born in Los Angeles, Calif.
♥ Denise had originally planned to deliver Sam via c-section on March 10, ten days before her March 20 due date to coincide with then-husband Charlie Sheen's filming hiatus, saying "It was convenient. We like to plan things." Sam had different plans however, and arrived on the 9th
♥ She was named after dad Charlie's former cat
"I'm definitely a hands-on mom. For me it's about priorities, and my girls always come first. I look at it as having a harmonious house more than balancing – it's never quite balanced! We have dinner every night at the same time – a homemade meal – and we just talk. My girls are always saying funny things; they pick up a lot when I think they aren't listening. The other day Lola said I looked 'spectacular,' which I though was funny for a 4 year old." – mama Denise on motherhood.
"You have to take the pressure off yourself. If you try to make everything perfectly balanced, that can create guilt. When I'm working, things give at home and when I'm at home, things give at work." – Denise on how she copes with balancing work and motherhood.


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10:00 pm
Steve Jobs - One Last Thing In the aftermath of the death of probably the most inspirational computer designers and innovators of the 21st century, this film takes an in-depth look at the life and work of Apple boss Steve Jobs to examine how and why he revolutionized our world.G
11:00 pm
American Masters "LENNONYC" Coming to New York City after the break up of the Beatles, John Lennon and Yoko Ono find what many high-profile people gain in the Big Apple: the ability to walk down the street as an ordinary citizen. But the period that brought redemption and a creative musical burst in the studio, also included the Nixon administration's attempt to deport the pair, John being consumed by alcohol and his being kicked out of their apartment for 18 months. This profile includes film from the recording studio, home movies, little-seen concert film, and interviews with friends and companions. And all the while, there is the music.G


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Selecting your vehicle's make, model, and year allows us to display only parts and items specific to your car's model and year.
Part# CH26729
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OPGI Price: $24.99
Part Type: (A) Aftermarket product, usually an enhancement product
Years: 1938-1993
Sold As: EACH
2018 Series 62/65/Calais Catalog Page: 125
When you're using Motive Products power brake bleeder, this catch bottle kit will be very handy. The kit consists of two 500 mL polyethylene bottles with a flexible bleed valve attachment tube and steel wire to hang the bottles from any suspension part. Each bottle also has a vent on top to connect the bleed valve tube when the bottle is not in use.


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After Traveling Procedures
- Please note that you must complete filling in your exit card in order to present it to the passports authorities
- To ensure the comfort and safety of our passengers, and to ensure the timely departure of our flights, special carryon luggage monitoring systems are implemented by special units. If your carryon luggage does not confirm with hand luggage specifications, you will be redirected to the check in counter.
- Guests who have baggage to check are requested to report to baggage drop counter or any vacant counter two hours prior to schedule departure time to complete acceptance of their baggage.
- You must proceed directly to the departure lounge once your check-in procedures are completed to ensure your timely boarding.
- When boarding is announced, you must be present at your assigned boarding gate.
- Our Saudi Arabian Airlines staff available at the boarding gates will check that the name printed on your traveling documents matches the name printed on your ticket and boarding pass.