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A coalition of more than 80 specialty crop producer organizations nationwide is continuing its united effort in Congress to garner a significant chunk of the new 2007 farm bill.
U.S. producers, handlers, processors, and retailers of fruit, vegetable, tree nut, and nursery crops represent 50 percent of American farm gate receipts worth $50 billion. They say they deserve the same type of federal support producers of commodity crops like cotton, rice, corn, soybeans and feed grains receive.
That's needed, they say, to improve the competitiveness of specialty crops.
American specialty producers plan to be at the table when the new federal farm program is debated and finalized. They have spent at least three years lobbying Congress for that seat.
While commodity groups may agree that specialty crops deserve federal support, they are fearful any dollars earmarked for specialty crops will be cut from direct payment farm support. No major commodity group has endorsed the specialty crop effort.
The specialty crop group has formed the Specialty Crop Farm Bill Alliance to further their cause in Congress this year.
This effort is not new. In late December 2004, President Bush signed into law the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act. It carried a price tag of $54 million annually, but has gone largely unfunded since it was passed.
The act identified several major challenges facing specialty crops: high vulnerability to emerging pests and diseases, trade restrictions for phytosanitary reasons, non-tariff trade barriers, and competition from subsidized imports.
To meet these challenges, the 2004 bill authorized a federal pest and disease response requirement that USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service reduce a backlog of export permits, a peer review system to strengthen the science behind the APHIS standards that govern import and export permit requests and additional funds for a program that provides technical support to the specialty crop industry.
Most of these provisions were included in a new specialty crop bill. Called the Equitable Agriculture Today for a Healthy America Act (EAT Healthy America Act), it was introduced by U.S. Rep. Richard Pombo, R-Calif., Rep. Dennis Cardoza D-Calif. Rep. John Salazar, D-Colo., and Rep. Adam Putnam, R-Fla. All except Pombo won re-election. Cardoza is expected to provide leadership for this new bill in the new Democratically-controlled Congress.
Gain most
California stands to gain the most since about one-half of the nation's special crop production is from California.
The new EAT Healthy America Act also recommends an overseas specialty crop marketing program jump by 75 percent to $350 million and that the government buy at least $400 million worth of fruits and vegetables annually for school lunch programs.
It includes expanding a block grant program tenfold to $500 million.
It proposes doubling the size of the existing wetlands reserve program and increasing fivefold the size of existing grassland reserve programs.
It provides $10 million annually for specialty crop producers who want to investigate whether foreign countries are dumping products in the U.S.
It would create a $100 million per year matching grant program to promote consumption of fruits and vegetables. It would also establish a $3.7 million specialty crop economic and policy institute.
There are no provisions in the bill for direct payments to growers.
This new bill was introduced as a marker bill last year to shape debate this year on a special crop provision in the 2007 farm bill. A complete cost estimate will likely be tallied as this debate heats up in Congress. The bill introduced last fall garnered the support of 74 co-sponsors from 20 states, according to a spokesman for the alliance.
It has also gained the support of the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) and American Farmland Trust. Support of EDF for this bill will not endear the specialty crop effort to commodity producers who have been publicly castigated by EDF for the amount of crop subsidies they receive.
"This bill is a comprehensive farm bill package providing the necessary framework to enhance the competitiveness of the specialty crop industry," states Tom Nassif, president of Western Growers.
Western Growers is an agricultural trade association whose 3,000 members grow, pack and ship 90 percent of the fresh vegetables and nearly 70 percent of the fresh fruit and nuts grown in Arizona and California, about one-half of the nation's fresh produce. Western Growers has been a major driving force of the specialty crop alliance and legislation.
Other major specialty crop groups have joined Western Growers.
Components included
"As the debate on the 2007 farm bill takes shape, we will work with the agriculture committees and the other members of Congress to ensure that the components of this legislation become a part of U.S. farm policy," said Mike Stuart, president of Florida Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association, another major supporter of this effort.
"Specialty crops face significant challenges," said John Keeling, executive director and CEO of the National Potato Council. "While it is clear that specialty crop producers do not favor a direct payment program for themselves, it is equally clear that they expect their needs to receive the same attention as those of producers who have been the focus of previous farm programs. By establishing farm bill programs that address the priorities of both specialty crops and program crops, our farm policy will be more equitable for all of agriculture."
California secretary of the California Department of Food and Agriculture A.G. Kawamura has strongly endorsed a strengthened specialty crop component in the federal farm program. "I believe there are a number of federal policy changes that are needed to accomplish the compatible goals of achieving a healthy diet for the American public and increasing the competitiveness of specialty crop producers.
"I support this legislation, as not only a means to address sanitary and phytosanitary issues facing farmers, but also as a way to address nutritional challenges facing an increasingly obese society."
USDA Secretary Mike Johanns has added his support to the concept by saying, "The value of specialty crops is now equal to the value of program crops. And they've continued to grow over the last couple of decades."
He added federal agricultural policies should take into account the high value that specialty crops have in U.S. agriculture. Moreover, Congress can provide leadership to develop a farm bill that affords a greater sense of balance between specialty crops and traditional program crops.
"Ninety-two percent of commodity program payments go to five crops. When combined they represent a quarter of U.S. production value," noted Johanns.
Often California growers farm both commodity and specialty crops. One of those is Charlie Fanucchi, a Kern County, Calif., farmer who grows cotton and fresh produce.
He is the chairman of Calcot, the largest cotton marketing cooperative in the West, and is also a director of Western Growers.
Achieve goals
He believes both commodities and specialty crops can achieve their goals of continued commodity support and increased specialty crop funding in the new farm bill.
"There are 268 million acres of program crops in the U.S. and it is important that those crops continue to receive direct payment support," Fanucchi said. "You take that money away and you destroy rural America."
He noted that the government pays $11 billion in direct payment support for commodity crops. "This represents only 11 percent of the department's $100 billion budget. I think the money for the specialty crop element of the new farm bill can come from some other area of the department's budget than direct payments."
While the specialty crop segment and commodity groups have been at odds over the push for enhanced specialty crop programs, Fanucchi says there should be an alliance for both to accomplish their goals.
"The nutritional element of the specialty crop bill is one area where we can create alliances that would help both segments," he said.
Here are a few Sunbelt organizations in the specialty crop alliance: Alabama Watermelon Association, Arizona Winegrowers Association, Blue Diamond Growers, California Association of Wine Grape Growers, California Citrus Mutual, California Grape and Tree Fruit League, California Strawberry Commission, California Table Grape Commission, California-Arizona Watermelon Association, Cherry Marketing Institute, Florida Citrus Mutual, Florida Citrus Packers, Florida Fruit and Vegetable Association, Florida Strawberry Growers Association, Florida Tomato Exchange, Florida Watermelon Association, Georgia Fruit and Vegetable Growers Association, Georgia Watermelon Association, Grower-Shipper Association of Central California, Missouri Wine and Grape Board, Missouri-Arkansas Watermelon Association, National Berry Crop Initiative, National Watermelon Association, New Mexico Wine Growers Association, North American Blueberry Council, North American Bramble Growers Association, North American Strawberry Growers Association, North Carolina Grape & Wine Council, North Carolina Potato Association, North Carolina Strawberry Association, North Carolina Watermelon Association, Peace River Valley Citrus Growers Association, Peerbolt Crop Management, South Carolina Watermelon Association, Sunkist Growers, Tennessee Farm Winegrowers Association, Texas Citrus Mutual, Texas Produce Association, Texas-Oklahoma Watermelon Association, U.S. Apple Association, United Fresh Fruit & Vegetable Association, Virginia Wineries Association, Wine America and Winegrowers Association of Georgia.
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Replies to This Discussion
Hey Stephanie,
I'd be up for hitting around with you in Arlington. The only thing is that with the (finally) nice weather, my sports schedule is getting a little full! However I'd love to make some time. Email me if you are interested and don't mind scheduling something a week or two out.
Great, thanks! Yeah, I don't mind planning a bit in advanced, that's probably better for me too. I'm not sure how good you are, but I'm def still a beginner, trying to get better. Where is a convenient place for you to play and when are you free in the next week or two?
Hi Stephanie and everyone else who responded,
I'd be up for playing sometime. I'm also not competitive, and really just like to hit around. I live in Rosslyn and can bike to Georgetown or most anywhere in Arlington. Evenings or weekends.
Hope to hear from you! My email address is jeremylavine at gee mail (I'm not writing it verbatim to avoid spambots).
- Jeremy
This is Krishna.
I'm up for playing.. Email me : email@example.com
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text:
The flat fish move through water with such ease that researchers from UB and Harvard University are studying how stingray movements could be used to build more agile and maneuverable unmanned underwater vehicles. The vehicles could allow researchers to more efficiently study the mostly unexplored ocean depths, as well as take part in cleanup and rescue efforts.
"Most fish wag their tails to swim. A stingray's swimming is much more unique, like a flag in the wind," says Richard Bottom, a UB mechanical engineering graduate student who is participating in the research. "I've always wondered why they were unique. This research is figuring that out."
Bottom and Iman Borazjani, assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, set out to investigate the form-function relationship of the stingray: why does it look the way it does and what does it achieve by moving the way it does?
Colleagues at Harvard, working with live stingrays, gathered data on stingray body shape, motion, speed, etc. The UB researchers took that data and used supercomputers and computational fluid dynamics, a method of using algorithms to solve problems that involve fluid flows, to calculate the flow of water and the vortices around the live stingrays. Borazjani and Bottom will explain the relationship and their findings on Nov. 24 at the 66th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Fluid Dynamics in Pittsburgh. Their lecture is titled "Biofluids: Locomotion III — Flying."
Borazjani's previous work, which was published in Proceedings of the Royal Society, examined the leading-edge vortex — the vortex at the front edge of the object in motion — for the first time in underwater locomotion. The leading-edge vortex has been observed in the flight of birds and insects, and is one of the most important thrust-enhancement mechanisms in insect flight, Borazjani explains.
The same vortex is found in swimming stingray. The vortices on the waves of the stingrays' bodies cause favorable pressure fields — low pressure on the front and high pressure on the back — that push the ray forward. Because movement through air and water are similar, understanding vortices is critical.
"By looking at nature, we can learn from it and come up with new designs for cars, planes and submarines," says Borazjani. "But we're not just mimicking nature. We want to understand the underlying physics for future use in engineering or bio-inspired designs."
Studies already have shown that stingray motion closely resembles the most optimal swimming gait, says Bottom. Much of this is due to the stingray's unique flat and round shape, which allows it to easily glide through water. But while the stingray's distinctiveness has earned it attention in the lab, it plays a comforting role in Bottom's life as well. In addition to attending graduate school, Bottom works full time as an applications engineer at Niagara Thermal Products, where he handles new product development. "Whenever schoolwork gets to be too much, I park myself in front of my fish tank and relax," says Bottom, who owns a pet ray. "There is something mesmerizing about watching a stingray."
The research placed first in the UB Mechanical Aerospace Engineering Graduate Poster Competition. Borazjani and Bottom plan to continue their research and study the differences in movement among several types of rays.


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Ocean-View Rooms with Fireplaces and Nautical Decor
In the days when Japanese fishermen used blown-glass balls to float their nets, beachcombers on the Oregon coast would occasionally find the green and blue orbs washed up on shore. Today, artists in Lincoln City honor the tradition by peppering the beaches with more than 2,000 handcrafted floats between mid-October and Memorial Day. Each year, visitors and locals comb the rocky coast in search of these colorful ornaments and keep any they find. You can take part in the hunt while staying at Surftides Lincoln City; the nautical-themed hotel has direct, handicap-friendly access to the scenic beachfront.
As their names suggest, premium king and double-queen oceanfront rooms are outfitted with balconies that overlook the Pacific Ocean. Maritime-themed local artwork and artifacts are sprinkled throughout the property, including a collection of essential sailing knots, a ship in a bottle, and Blackbeard's first razor.
On Surftides' grounds, you'll find an outdoor courtyard with crackling gas fire pits, a nice spot to warm up on a cold winter's night. At Mist, the onsite restaurant and bar, bartenders serve signature cocktails by an open fireplace and chefs craft dishes such as lobster mac 'n' cheese, wild-mushroom pasta, and grilled halibut using fresh, local ingredients from the sea and organic farms.
Lincoln City, Oregon: Artists' Community on Rugged Pacific Coast
Situated along Oregon's northwestern coast, Lincoln City spans 7.5 miles of picturesque public beaches where you'll find ample surfing and whale-watching opportunities. Two inland bays, Devils Lake and Siletz Bay, provide nice spots for fishing or boating in the warmer months. About 10 miles north of Lincoln City stands Cascade Head, a towering, 270-acre headland that juts into the ocean. Year-round and seasonal trails crisscross the rugged cliffs; while hiking the paths, keep an ear out for sea lions that bark rousing sea shanties.
The center of Lincoln City's flourishing art scene lies just a short distance inland. Seaside streets are peppered with dozens of galleries and antique shops, where visitors can glimpse genuine Japanese glass floats. Grab a bite to eat at one of the town's many seafood restaurants, which are known for their fresh catches.


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The wait is over. American International Group and The Hartford announced Tuesday evening that the insurance giants had signed a definitive agreement to make Woodbury Financial Services part of AIG's Advisor Group, which falls under AIG's SunAmerica Financial Group. The deal is expected to close by the end of 2012, subject to regulatory approval and other customary closing conditions.
"Woodbury Financial is one of the most respected broker-dealers in the United States," said The Hartford Chairman, President and CEO Liam McGee in a statement. "The firm will transition to a buyer who recognizes the strengths of the business and the talent of the people, and is committed to the independent financial advisor."
The deal is a good fit, in part due to similar cultures and the fact Advisor Group head Larry Roth and Patrick McEvoy, president and CEO of Woodbury Financial Services, have known each other "for a long time," McEvoy said in an exclusive interview with AdvisorOne.
"Woodbury has a unique value proposition, which is a strategic skill around the distribution of life insurance and retirement income products," McEvoy (left) added. "Our expertise on the investment side is good, but we really separate ourselves on the insurance and income side."
According to Roth, Woodbury fills a need in this respect, as it's a skill-set that Advisor Group currently lacks.
"We've worked with The Hartford for a long time on the life and annuity side," Roth said. "We have advisors that are very well versed in that area, but they've traditionally done a lot of the business away from Advisor Group. With this acquisition, we'll be better positioned to earn their business ."
Roth added that although McEvoy will report to Roth in much the same manner as the other heads of the other broker-dealers owned by AIG, "Woodbury will remain an independent entity run by the team in Minnesota."
"What we've done is build this comprehensive back office system, which we'll now deploy to them to make their business better," Roth concluded.
On March 21, after heavy lobbying by hedge fund manager and major shareholder John Paulson, The Hartford announced it would be exiting the variable annuity and life insurance businesses to focus on its property and casualty insurance business. In addition, The Hartford said it would sell its independent broker-dealer, Woodbury Financial Services, in what was the latest in a string of cases where an insurance company parent had sold, or said it intended to sell, a subsidiary independent broker-dealer.
Both companies said the change in ownership would cause no disruption for Woodbury's registered representatives, who can continue to operate under the Woodbury Financial brand.
Woodbury Financial Services has approximately 1,400 registered representatives, and was named Broker-Dealer of the Year in 2006, 2009 and 2011 by Investment Advisor magazine. The Advisor Group has 4,430 producing advisors.


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Konerko, Dunn caught in retirement spin cycle
NEW YORK -- It took one simple word for Paul Konerko to address whether he had decided to come back for an 18th big league season in 2014 when asked the question prior to Wednesday's series finale at Yankee Stadium.
"No," Konerko said.View Full Game Coverage
NEW YORK -- It took one simple word for Paul Konerko to address whether he had decided to come back for an 18th big league season in 2014 when asked the question prior to Wednesday's series finale at Yankee Stadium.
"No," Konerko said.View Full Game Coverage
That answer was not surprising. Even with USA Today's Bob Nightengale tweeting earlier in the day that Konerko is telling friends that he definitely wants to return to the White Sox next season and feels he can be productive, Konerko has stated since Spring Training that he would address his future at the proper time.
With 24 games remaining after Wednesday, and even with the White Sox well out of contention, Sept. 4 was not the proper time. Konerko didn't even want to go as far as answering whether the team's 2013 struggles would affect his decision, a question posed to him a couple of weeks back.
"When the time comes when I hash it all out, we'll find out. But it's not now," Konerko said. "If you're worrying about the rest of this season, then you'll worry about that later on."
Konerko, 37, entered Wednesday hitting .244 with 10 homers and 46 RBIs. After battling back from a lower back strain, Konerko has hit safely in 18 of his last 26 games. He's a different hitter, according to manager Robin Ventura, but he still can be a productive one.
"He doesn't have as much power as he used to have," said Ventura. "Again, he's gotten better as of late as far as his approach and what he wants to do when he goes to the plate. He's better off right now than he was a month ago."
Designated hitter Adam Dunn truly believes Konerko will return to the White Sox in 2014, with Konerko's three-year, $37.5 million extension ending after 2013. Dunn has gone on record with that thought during a recent SiriusXM interview.
It was Dunn's turn on the retirement cycle Tuesday, when a Ken Rosenthal story on FoxSports.com quoted Dunn as stating that he will walk away from the game if he's not having fun. The crux of that story centers on comments Dunn has made previously, in that he won't play just for money or just for stats.
Dunn wants to win. So frustration in the unexpected '13 debacle could be a reason for Dunn's talk about retirement.
"Apparently everybody is retiring or some people aren't retiring," said a smiling Ventura. "When you're frustrated, that probably comes up a lot, but I don't see it happening. I don't see Dunner going anywhere. Those are just things you talk about. He's probably at a point in his career where you can bring the subject up about when is the right time, when isn't, but I fully expect him to be in Spring Training with us.
"It's getting through the rest of the year and then you can evaluate that," added Ventura of Konerko's decision. "It's going to be more of how he gets through this year and what he's feeling for him to make up his own mind."
Scott Merkin is a reporter for MLB.com. Read his blog, Merk's Works, and follow him on Twitter @scottmerkin.


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Thursday, January 7, 2010
Testing, 1, 2...
Ever wonder what I sound like? You can have a listen over at the Knit Picks podcast! Kelley from Knit Picks and I chatted a few weeks ago about their new Independent Designers Program, which officially launches today and is, I think, a very good thing for all parties. I'm chuffed as anything to note that among the other featured designers they invited to get the program off the ground is SweaterBabe, who is, like, totally famous and stuff. Squee!
One of the things Kelley and I (OK, mostly me--I'm like one of those Chatty Cathy dolls, just pull the string and I'll keep going until you smash crucial parts with a rock) talked about was the generational difference between knitters who started long ago, and those who are just picking it up now, when there's an Interwebs and Ravelry and whatnot. Kelley and I actually started knitting at the same time--literally decades ago!--but I think that generational difference has less to do with how long you've known how to knit, and more to do with how you knit now.
First of all, how mind-blowing is it that there are people out there who have never experienced knitting without Ravelry? There's a generational difference for you, and a profound one. I remember when I first heard about it from Splityarn, who was still knitting with our gang here in Austin then. Every week after that, the first topic of discussion around the knitting circle was "Where are you on the waitlist?" We didn't even really know what Ravelry was, but we wanted in on it!
Second, how many of you consider yourself well-acquainted with a knitter you may never have even met--someone you've friended on Ravelry, or whose blog you follow, or whose pattern you made after it appeared in Knitty? Lots of hands are going up out there, I can tell...
As I see it, the knitting community has gotten both way bigger AND way closer in the past few years. It seems like there are more people knitting together, in knitting circles and local groups, but also in virtual ways like knitalongs and NaKniSweMo and KIP Days. It also seems like we identify more strongly as people with a common interest--as knitters--now that we have more means of communicating and community-building around that shared interest. By that token, I'm definitely a new-generation knitter: I've known the mechanics for a long time, but now I think of myself as someone who DOES knit, not just someone who CAN knit.
Kelley and I talked about how I'm also a new-generation designer--someone who's benefiting from the fact that you can self-publish online, a pattern here and a pattern there, and thereby connect directly with the Great Knitting Public. It's so much easier for us this way--no long submission processes, no endless publication lead times! We also get instant feedback, most of it positive, which is so profoundly inspiring.
In fact, I say this a lot, but it bears repeating: I wouldn't be putting out patterns at all if it weren't for the knitters in my group, who I see every week, and for every single person who actually takes time out of their day to write a comment or fave a project. That's to say nothing of the people who actually MAKE something from one of my patterns--either just as written, or with their own modifications. It's a genuine treat for me to see how something looks in a different color, or with different choices for fibers and shaping and closures; it's like I get to experience the fun part of designing, the play and the possibility, all over again!
For example, just check out the WIP pics of the first two Myrtles being made by Ravelry users: reanbean and Northknitter are working on their projects in Massachusetts and Sweden, using colors that are totally different from one another and from my own prototypes of this design, but they could not be more delicious to look at. This may be a designer's proprietary pride, but viewed all together, I think they look even more beautiful than any of the individual projects. Thanks, Internet; thanks, Ravelry; thanks, Knitty; and thanks, knitters everywhere.
9 comments:
- MBC said...
Very cool, Snowden! Yay!!
--Megan Bibb
- January 7, 2010 at 1:42 PM
- TT820 said...
Thanks, Megan! So cool that you found my blog...happy 2010!
- January 7, 2010 at 2:58 PM
- Anonymous said...
Congratulations on the wonderful Independent Designer Program via Knit Picks and what a wonderful interview with Kelley. Can't wait to see you soar! Knit On!
- January 8, 2010 at 4:57 AM
- Steven said...
No, thank YOU!
Very well put.
- January 8, 2010 at 8:23 AM
- Laura Sue said...
Well, I be starting a Myrtle if I weren't already knitting a Beverly!!!
- January 8, 2010 at 9:54 AM
- Laura Sue said...
Er, that was supposed to say I "would" be starting a Myrtle.... My html tags didn't work!
- January 8, 2010 at 9:55 AM
- janna said...
I started knitting (again) before Ravelry, but after knit blogs started. Reading about other people's blogs really inspired me. What I find interesting are those people who knit (usually for years) who don't realize what's going on online. I have a good friend - a little older, but a librarian, so not technology-impaired - who is always surprised when I mention a web-based pattern. I've shown her Ravelry and Knitty and blogs, but she just doesn't see why they might be of use to her! I guess it's fine if she's happy, but it seems odd.
- January 8, 2010 at 11:04 AM
- janna said...
Sorry - I seem to have just ranted on your blog! ;-)
- January 8, 2010 at 11:04 AM
- TT820 said...
Sister, I hear you! I always think if my mom TRULY grasped what was on the Internet, we'd never be able to get her offline again. At the moment, though, she still thinks it's 5% eBay and 95% identity thieves and porn. (OK, maybe she's not wrong about the porn part. But you only really see that if you're looking for it.)
- January 8, 2010 at 5:33 PM


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OTN Headlines Tech Article: Joining Oracle Complex Event Processing and J2ME to React to Location an
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Tech Article: Joining Oracle Complex Event Processing and J2ME to React to Location and Positioning Events
How to join the power of the Location API for J2ME (JSR 179) with Oracle Complex Event Processing to deliver business applications that can't be built without an event processing tool.
Joining Oracle Complex Event Processing and J2ME to React to Location and Positioning Events
How to join the power of the Location API for J2ME (JSR 179) with Oracle Complex Event Processing to deliver business applications that can't be built without an event processing tool.
By Daniel Amadei
Published March 2010
Real-time processing of data is becoming more important every day. The speed of changes in all kinds of market segments is increasing more than ever. Conversely, the time for reaction is getting shorter. This article shows how the concept of complex event processing (CEP) can help us address these challengesCEP helps analyze events and recognize patterns in the cloud of information, making it possible to react to events as soon as they happen.
This article illustrates what can be achieved with CEP and event-driven architecture. Familiarity with Oracle Complex Event Processing is not assumed or required.
Use Cases
is the Location API for J2ME. From its name, you can figure out that this JSR deals with location and positioning of devices by use of their embedded GPS.
Knowing what can be achieved with JSR 179, I present two very similar use cases based on interesting business scenarios that can be delivered with CEP:
Average Speed.
This CEP application shows a business use case with aggregation of data. This aggregation is the average speed of a user sent by the mobile device every two minutes. If the user is stuck in traffic, a new event will be generated, which might result in a Short Message Service (SMS) message telling that person how to get out of the traffic or what radio station to tune in for traffic reports.
This CEP application is very similar to the preceding one. It gets events from the equipment (a mobile phone with GPS, in my casebut it could be anything compatible with the JSR) and analyzes whether the location sent is next to or in an area of interest. If it is, another event will be generated that can send an SMS message informing the customer about some kind of event in that vicinity. For this example, the location is Ibirapuera Park in SÃo Paulo, Brazil.
Technical Overview
For the example, we have a Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME) application based on the official JSR 179 example . The mobile application collects the location information (latitude, longitude, and speed) and the phone's International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) to be able to send an SMS message to the phone later and post this data to a socket, using a DataOutputStream.
Both CEP applications receive the location from the mobile device as a socket message. In the example, receive is achieved by a single thread. That would not be the case for production applications, for which you should consider better approaches such as using pooled threads or nonblocking I/O (NIO) to receive several messages at the same time. Also, the event generated when the desired behavior is recognized by CEP is simply printed to the console to keep the example simple. In a real-world application, you would probably send an SMS message to the user or do something similar.
Deep Dive: CEPMobileApp
The CEP mobile application (CEPMobileApp) receives notifications about changes in the location of the device and uses a wait/notify mechanism to update the device screen and send events to Oracle Complex Event Processing about the location and speed of the device.
Location information is obtained as an instance of javax.microedition.location.Location. This class has a getSpeed() method, which returns the current device speed in meters per second. Another method of interest is getQualifiedCoordinates(), which returns an object of type javax.microedition.location.QualifiedCoordinates, which is responsible for providing the current latitude and longitude. The code is similar to the following (assume that l is an instance of location):
QualifiedCoordinates qc = l.getQualifiedCoordinates();
double latitude = qc.getLatitude();
double longitude = qc.getLongitude();
double speed = l.getSpeed();
The phone's IMEI is obtained through a System.getProperty() call. Because J2ME works on other types of devices besides mobile phones, there is no standardized way to get this info. For my Nokia e71 device, the following works fine:String imei = System.getProperty("com.nokia.mid.imei");
Finally, we create a user for the Oracle Data Integrator work schema. For some of the data validation and transformation operations, Oracle Data Integrator needs to create (temporary) work objects. It is best practice to have these objects in a separate schema to avoid confusion between data warehouse objects and the temporary work objects.String imei = System.getProperty("com.nokia.mid.imei");The final step is to send the event to Oracle Complex Event Processing, which is done with a socket. The code below shows how this is accomplished: private void sendLocationToCep(double latitude, double longitude,
double speed, String imei) throws Exception {
StreamConnection connection = null;
DataOutputStream dos = null;
try {
connection =
(StreamConnection) Connector.open(
"socket://" + SOCKET_ADDRESS);
dos = connection.openDataOutputStream();
} finally {
If you look carefully at the code, you'll see some interesting things:
The socket address is specified externally.
Actually, it's part of the Java Application Descriptor (JAD) deployment descriptor and read by the MIDlet class (com.oracle.otn.cep.mobile.Main) with the getAppProperty() method.
Data is written to the server as raw bytes.
This minimizes the bandwidth consumed by the application, because few bytes are written for each event. For a real-world application, the best you can do is create some kind of protocol to avoid receiving inconsistent data.
The socket is closed after every transmission.
I've kept it this way to make things simple. If you are developing for a real-world system, consider some kind of keep-alive to avoid the overhead of opening and closing the connection, especially in a resource-constrained device.
Average Speed
As already mentioned, the Average Speed application recognizes patterns that may indicate that the user is stuck in traffic and send an SMS message to that person, suggesting alternative routes, a radio station with traffic reports, or something similar. Actually, as already mentioned, the event sink in the example is simply a mock implementation that prints the IMEI and the average speed to the standard out, but you are free to implement your own logic.
Figure 1 shows the event processing network (EPN) of the Average Speed application.
Figure 1:
Average Speed event processing network
Analyzing the EPN, we see what happens when an event gets inside Oracle Complex Event Processing. The first node of the EPN, called locationReceiverAdapter and represented by com.oracle.otn.cep.LocationReceiverAdapter, is the one responsible for receiving the event. [[Stet original sentence if the part between the commas refers to the event rather than the node.]] This class is registered inside the application as a thread, as you can see here:
public class LocationReceiverAdapter
implements RunnableBean, StreamSource {
//source code omitted
The StreamSource is an interface that forces this class to have a setEventSender() method to receive an instance of com.bea.wlevs.ede.api.StreamSender. This object received is later used to send an event through the EPN. The RunnableBean is an Oracle Complex Event Processing interface that extends java.lang.Runnable, the traditional threading interface, and the SuspendableBean interface is another one from the CEP API, forcing the class to implement a method that enables it to be notified when the bean should be suspended by the CEP server infrastructure. We use this feature to stop the thread and close the server socket, so that when the application is started again, the TCP/IP address and port will be available.
As an ordinary thread, this class has a run() method implemented, and the thread is started automatically by the server infrastructureyou do not need to call start() on this thread. Oracle Complex Event Processing will do that for you. The following is the run() method source code:
1.public void run() {
2. try {
3. serverSocket = new ServerSocket(5555, 0, InetAddress
4. .getByName("localhost"));
5. suspended = false;
6. while (!isSuspended()) {
7. Socket socket = null;
8. DataInputStream dis = null;
9. try {
10. socket = serverSocket.accept();
11. dis = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
12. double latitude = dis.readDouble();
13. double longitude = dis.readDouble();
14. double speed = dis.readDouble();
15. byte[] imeiBytes = new byte[15];
16. dis.read(imeiBytes);
17. String imei = new String(imeiBytes);
18. System.out.println("Received: " + latitude + ", " + longitude + ", "
19. + speed + ", " + imei);
20. generateEvent(latitude, longitude, speed, new String(imeiBytes));
21. } catch (Exception e) {
22. System.out.println("Problems reading socket: " + e);
23. } finally {
24. close(dis);
25. close(socket);
26. }
27. }
28. } catch (Exception e) {
29. e.printStackTrace();
30. } finally {
31. close();
32. }
33. }
Let's analyze it line by line. On lines 3 and 4, the server socket is created, and on line 10, this socket keeps waiting to receive a connection. As already mentioned, this is not the best option for receiving many simultaneous connections and was used just to keep the example simple. On line 6, a loop is started that checks to see if the bean was suspended or not. If not, a new iteration of the loop will be executed. On line 11, a java.io.DataInputStream is created, so the socket bytes can be read as datatypes. From line 12 to line 17, data is read, and on line 20, we use the received data to call the generateEvent method, which is responsible for sending the event. The source of the generateEvent method is shown here:1. private void generateEvent(double latitude, double longitude, double speed,
2. String imei) {
3. LocationEvent event = new LocationEvent(latitude, longitude,
4. getSpeedInKmPerHour(speed), imei);
5. eventSender.sendInsertEvent(event);
6. }
You can see that the code is extremely simple. A JavaBean is created, represented by the class LocationEvent, and the event is sent by the eventSender object, which was injected by the CEP infrastructure.
After raw data is received and the event is generated, the event is sent to a channel. The channel's responsibility is to receive and normalize the event. The channel is materialized as an XML declaration inside the application configuration file, as shown here:
<wlevs:channel id="locationInputChannel" event-type="LocationEvent">
<wlevs:listener ref="speedingProcessor" />
<wlevs:source ref="locationReceiverAdapter" />
The channel is connected to a processor, the speedingProcessor, which is responsible for processing the event and recognizing patterns within the cloud of events. The processor is declared as a simple XML element inside the configuration file:<wlevs:processor id="speedingProcessor" />
Besides that, the processor executes queries against the events, so it's capable of recognizing the patterns, based on what is specified by the queries. These queries obey the Continuous Query Language (CQL) syntax and are declared in the processor configuration file:<n1:config xmlns:n1="
<query id="averageSpeedingRule">
select imei, avg(speed) as averageSpeed
from locationInputChannel [range 2 minutes slide 2 minutes]
group by imei
having avg(speed) <= 20
The CQL is very powerful. You can execute complex queries against the events, using SQL-like syntax along with native support for XML, regular expressions, aggregation, subqueries (views), and definition of custom functions written in Javaamong a lot of other features. If you intend to learn Oracle Complex Event Processing for real, get a deep understanding of CQL!
Analyzing the CQL query of our example,
select imei, avg(speed) as averageSpeed
from locationInputChannel [range 2 minutes slide 2 minutes]
group by imei
having avg(speed) <= 20
we see that it's a SELECT clause that groups events by IMEI and select those with an average less than or equal to 20 kilometers per hour. The last two minutes of data is considered, using the range operator. Along with that, we use the slide operator to slide the data window analyzed and get results output every 2 minutes.
If CEP recognizes an IMEI with an average speed of less than 20 kilometers per hour in the last two minutes, an event will be generated by the processor. The generated event is a MessageEvent, represented by the com.oracle.otn.cep.MessageEvent class. The channel configured to be the output channel for the processor defines the event type generated. The data used to populate such an event is defined by the SELECT clause. In our case, this is the messageOutputChannel, whose XML declaration is shown here:
<wlevs:channel id="messageOutputChannel" event-type="MessageEvent"
<bean class="com.oracle.otn.cep.MessageSenderBean" />
<wlevs:source ref="speedingProcessor" />
After passing through the channel, the event is sent to the configured event sink, which is a simple JavaBean where you can place any logic you want. For the sake of the example's simplicity, I just print a message to the console, but you could change this code to send an SMS message. The event sink for this example is the MessageSender component and is implemented by the com.oracle.otn.cep.MessageSenderBean class, shown here:import com.bea.wlevs.ede.api.StreamSink;
public class MessageSenderBean implements StreamSink {
public void onInsertEvent(Object event) {
if (event instanceof MessageEvent) {
MessageEvent messageEvent = (MessageEvent) event;
System.out.println("=====> Found a Customer stuck in traffic. IMEI: "
+ messageEvent.getImei() + " - Average Speed: "
+ messageEvent.getAverageSpeed());
As you can see in this example, Oracle Complex Event Processing delivers a lot of power that enables you to analyze incoming events and search for patterns. It also enables you to think of new business paradigms that previously seemed impossible. Along with that, Oracle Complex Event Processing enables you to analyze thousands of events per second with minimal overhead by using the Oracle JRockit Real Time Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which delivers predictable garbage collection pause times, enabling you to consider very small time frames for the patterns without losing events due to GC execution.
The next example illustrates a similar use case, leveraging the same mobile application but delivering more business features. From a technical perspective, you will see how to define a custom Java function to be used inside your CQL query.
The AreaOfInterest application is very similar to Average Speed. The major difference is that we will not work with aggregation of event data; instead, we will inspect each incoming event to see if the user is near or in an area of interest and, if so, we will react to this scenario.
Accomplishing the verification of proximity to an area of interest involves calculating the distance between the coordinate points of the user, sent by the GPS device, and the coordinates of interest. This example takes into consideration the distance as the crow flies from point A to point B. This distance is calculated with a custom function registered from the com.oracle.otn.cep.Distance Java class. I found the code for the distance calculation on the
Web site and just changed it to return the distance in kilometers, not miles, per hour.
The coordinates for the area of interest are hard-coded into the Distance class. For a real-world application, you'd probably get a list of coordinates from a cache provider (Coherence, for example) or from the database. I decided to keep things this way to reduce the example's complexity.
Let's take a look at the AreaOfInterest application EPN in Figure 2.
Figure 2:
reaOfInterest event processing network
As you can see, the EPN is very similar to the one you saw before, except that it has an extra bean declaration, represented by the Distance node.
Because of the similarity of the two examples, I'll focus on the only difference: the areaOfInterestProcessor processor. The declaration of this processor is as follows:
<wlevs:processor id="areaOfInterestProcessor">
<wlevs:function function-name="distanceToAreaOfInterestInKm"
<bean class="com.oracle.otn.cep.Distance" />
The function element declares a function named by the function-name attribute. The method executed is specified by the exec-method, which must be a method of the class specified in the nested bean declaration. In our case, we declare a CQL function, distanceToAreaOfInterestInKm, which internally executes the com.oracle.otn.cep.Distance.distanceToAreaOfInterestInKm() method.
The Distance class is shown here:
public class Distance {
private static final double LATITUDE_OF_INTEREST = -23.589823955777362;
private static final double LONGITUDE_OF_INTEREST = -46.662063002586365;
public static double distanceToAreaOfInterestInKm(double latitude,
double longitude) {
return distanceInKm(latitude, longitude, LATITUDE_OF_INTEREST,
public static double distanceInKm(double latA, double longA, double latB,
double longB) {
double theDistance = (Math.sin(Math.toRadians(latA))
* Math.sin(Math.toRadians(latB)) + Math.cos(Math.toRadians(latA))
* Math.cos(Math.toRadians(latB))
* Math.cos(Math.toRadians(longA - longB)));
return (((Math.toDegrees(Math.acos(theDistance))) * 69.09) * 1.609344);
The next point is the CQL query we execute: <processor>
<view id="DistanceCalculatedView" schema="imei distance">
select imei, distanceToAreaOfInterestInKm(latitude, longitude) as distance
from positioningInputChannel [Now]
<query id="ProximityRule">
select * from
where distance <= 1.5
The first interesting aspect you may have noticed is the absence of aggregation. Another nice thing is that a view is being used. Views act as subqueries for CQL clauses. The use of DistanceCalculatedView helps us avoid calling the distanceToAreaOfInterestInKm function twice; it would have to be specified in the SELECT and WHERE clauses if no view were used. The schema element specifies which elements are exposed by the view.
The ProximityRule query acts over the DistanceCalculatedView view to select only the events whose distance is less than 1.5 kilometers from Ibirapuera Park. Because the view does the distance calculation, the query just selects the view records whose distance attribute is less than 1.5 kilometers.
After that, a new event is generated, getting to the MessageSenderBean , and is printed to the standard output, as shown below:
.println("=====> Found a Customer next to an Area Of Interest. IMEI: "
+ messageEvent.getImei()
+ " - Distance: "
+ messageEvent.getDistance());
Installing and Running the Sample Applications
The two Oracle Complex Event Processing projects and the J2ME application are available for download
. After setting up your local environment with an Oracle Complex Event Processing server, Eclipse plus Oracle Complex Event Processing plug-in, and NetBeans, you can import the projects into each IDE and deploy them . to the server.
After importing the CEPMobileApp project into NetBeans, right-click the
project -> Properties -> Application Descriptor
, which gets you to the screen shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3:
J2ME application descriptor properties
On this screen, you can specify a custom property value for Socket-Address property. This will be used by the J2ME application to know where to connect and send data. This address will probably be the address of your IP exposed to the internet. If you are inside some kind of LAN, it may be necessary to use port forwarding or something similar to forward requests from the Web to your local computer where Oracle Complex Event Processing is running.
After that, build the project and install CEPMobileApp.jar in your cell phone or run your application by using the J2ME emulator.
You may have liked the examples from a technical perspective, but if you look at the business appeal of both examples, you will realize that the use of events enables you to deliver solutions that seemed impossible before. Given that Oracle Complex Event Processing is made to scale, you will be able to use them to handle thousands of concurrent requests if you make some small adjustments to the examples.
Going further, think about other use cases in which this kind of solution can be applied, and you will see where the concept of complex event processing can take you.
Daniel Amadei
is a principal consultant for Oracle Consulting in Brazil, specializing in SOA and integration technologies. He has been working with SOA for the last years and Java technologies since 1999. Among other certifications, he is certified as an Oracle SOA Architect Certified Expert and Sun Certified Enterprise Architect (SCEA).
Last Edit: March 29, 2010, 08:25:29 PM by Mike
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UBM Tech and UBM DeusM Launch The Transformed Datacenter for IT Decision Makers
Sponsored by Juniper Networks, The Transformed Datacenter will help IT executives and professionals derive greater business value from their technology infrastructure investments.
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Nov. 15, 2012 08:00 AM
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Electricity Power Generation: The Changing Dimensions
Electricity Power Generation: The Changing Dimensions
ISBN: 978-0-470-87266-6 September 2011 Wiley-IEEE Press 408 Pages
DescriptionThis book offers an analytical overview of established electric generation processes, along with the present status & improvements for meeting the strains of reconstruction. These old methods are hydro-electric, thermal & nuclear power production. The book covers climatic constraints; their affects and how they are shaping thermal production. The book also covers the main renewable energy sources, wind and PV cells and the hybrids arising out of these. It covers distributed generation which already has a large presence is now being joined by wind & PV energies. It covers their accommodation in the present system. It introduces energy stores for electricity; when they burst upon the scene in full strength are expected to revolutionize electricity production. In all the subjects covered, there are references to power marketing & how it is shaping production. There will also be a reference chapter on how the power market works.
1. Electricity History—A Review of the Road Ahead.
1.1 History of Growth of the Electricity Business.
1.2 Innovative Technology Developments and Growth of Conglomerates.
1.3 Economic Growth—GDP and Electricity Consumption.
1.4 Monopolies Develop Built-In Defects.
1.5 Breakup of Bell Systems Leads to Unbundling.
1.6 Importance of Renewable Energy Recognized—Wind Energy Becomes a Challenger.
1.7 Structural Changes.
1.8 Cost Breakdown in the Old Model.
1.9 Step-by-Step Restructuring.
1.10 The New Decision Authorities.
1.11 Open Power Marketing Now Rerestructuring Electricity Power System.
2. Risks, Operation, and Maintenance of Hydroelectric Generators.
2.1 The Present Scenario.
2.2 Types and Sizes of Hydroelectricity Projects.
2.3 Advantages of Hydroelectricity.
2.4 Slow progress of Hydroelectricity Projects.
2.5 Factors Propelling the Phased Progress of the Hydroelectric Industry.
2.6 Hydro Projects Fall Short of Attracting Private Investment.
2.7 Dam Building Progress Over a Century.
2.8 Desirable Configuration for Hydro Projects to Attract Private Investment.
2.9 Operation of a Hydroelectric Plant.
2.10 Unit Allocation within a Large HE Plant.
2.11 Speed Control of a Water Turbine.
2.12 Startup Process for a WTG.
2.13 Speed Controls are Rigid.
2.14 Speed Increase Due to Sudden Load Cutoff.
2.15 Frequency and Harmonic Behavior After a Sudden Load Rejection.
2.16 Effect of Penstock Pressure Pulsations.
2.17 AC Excitation of Rotor Field.
2.18 Unit Commitment from Hydroelectric Generators, Including Pumped Storage Systems.
2.19 ICMMS of Hydroelectric Generating Units.
2.20 Controls and Communications in hydro Systems.
2.21 General Maintenance.
2.22 Limitations of Scheduled and Breakdown Maintenance.
2.23 Reactive Maintenance—Key Elements.
2.24 Key Components of an ICMMS—Case of a Hydroelectric System.
2.25 Intelligent Electrohydraulic Servomechanism.
2.26 Online Monitoring and Forecasting.
2.27 Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR) and Twisting of Rotor Shafts.
3. Hydroelectric Generation—Pumped Storage, Minor Hydroelectric, and Oceanic-Based Systems.
3.1 Water as an Energy Supplier and an Energy Store.
3.2 Pumped Water Storage System for Electricity Generation.
3.3 Operation of a Pumped Storage System.
3.4 Pumped Storage Systems Have Limited Scope.
3.5 Pumped Storage Systems and Wind Energy.
3.6 Small Hydroelectric Plants (SHPs).
3.7 Types of SHP Projects—Sizes.
3.8 Location-Wise Designations of SHPs.
3.9 Components of an SHP.
3.10 Typical Layouts Of SHPs.
3.11 Project Costs of an SHP.
3.12 Drawing Electricity from the Ocean.
3.13 Underwater Turbine and Column-Mounted Generator.
3.14 Wave Energy.
4. Thermal Power Generation—Steam Generators.
4.1 Thermal Electricity Generation Has the Largest Share—The Present Scenario.
4.2 Planning of Thermal Stations—Risks and Challenges.
4.3 Cost Breakdown and Consumption Pattern of Electricity.
4.4 Main Energy Suppliers.
4.5 Workings of a Coal-Fired Steam Generator Unit.
4.6 Types of Boilers.
4.7 Classification of Generating Units.
4.8 Combined-Cycle Power Plant (CCPP).
5. Thermal Station Power Engineering.
5.1 Start-Up Process of a CCPP.
5.2 Short-Term Dynamic Response of a CCPP to Frequency Variation.
5.3 Cascade Tripping of a CCPP Due to Frequency Excursion.
5.4 Operation Planning to Meet Load Demands—Flow Diagram.
5.5 Capacity Curves for Thermal Electricity Generation.
5.6 Operational Economy Includes Fuel Considerations.
5.7 Efficiency in Operating Practices.
5.8 Ancillary Services Compulsorily.
5.9 Changing Performance Requirements for Thermal Plant Operators.
5.10 Expanding Grids Demand Tight Frequency Tolerances.
5.11 Reserves are Important in Frequency Control.
5.12 Reserves Based on Droop Characteristic.
5.13 Primary Frequency Control.
5.14 Secondary Frequency Control (SFC).
5.15 Tertiary Frequency Control.
5.16 Rigid Frequency Controls are Bringing in Changes.
5.17 Voltage Control Services.
5.18 Voltage Measurement at POD into the Transmission System.
5.19 Attractive Market Prices Lead to Reserves Over and Above the Compulsory Limits.
5.20 Importance of Operating Frequency Limits for a Thermal Generator.
5.21 System Protection.
5.22 Maintenance Practices.
5.23 Challenges in Meeting Environmental Obligations.
5.24 MHD Generators.
6. Environmental Constraints in Thermal Power Generation— Acid Rain.
6.1 Introduction to Acid Rain and Carbon Emissions.
6.2 World Concern Over Environmental Pollution and Agreements to Control It.
6.3 U.S. Clean Air Act and Amendments.
6.4 Complying with Constraints on the SO2 Emission Rate.
6.5 Surcharges on Emissions.
6.6 Complying with Constraints on Denitrifying.
6.7 Continuous-Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS).
6.8 The European Systems: Helsinki Protocol on SO2 and Sofia Protocol on NOx.
6.9 The Japanese Example—City-Wise and Comprehensive.
6.10 A Plant Running Out of Emission Allowances.
6.11 NOx Permits are Projected as Important Players in Price Fixing of Power in a Free Market.
6.12 Air Pollution by Carbon Dioxide—CO2.
7. Environmental Constraints in Thermal Power Generation—Carbon and the Kyoto Proposals.
7.1 Continuing Growth of CO2 in the Air.
7.2 Co2 from Different Fuels.
7.3 CO2 Emission by Fuel Type.
7.4 Coal has the Highest Rate of Growth Among Energy Suppliers.
7.5 Earth's Oceans and Seas Absorb CO2.
7.6 Developments on the Front of Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
7.7 Kyoto Proposals.
7.8 Clause 1 of Kyoto Protocol of 1998.
7.9 Original Kyoto Proposals.
7.10 Proposals for Parties to the 2007 Protocol.
7.11 Project Report Needs.
7.12 An Illustrative Validation Report.
7.13 A Workout for Emission Factors and Emissions for a Hydro and for a Wind Energy Installation.
7.14 Open Skies Divided in Tons of CO2 Per Nation.
7.15 An example of Baseline and Emission Reductions.
7.16 Methodological Tools to Calculate the Baseline and Emission Factor.
7.17 Tool to Calculate the Emission Factor for an Electricity System.
7.18 Simple Operating Margins.
7.19 Incentives for Emission Reduction.
8. Nuclear Power Generation.
8.1 Nuclear Power Generation Process in Brief.
8.2 Rise, Fall, and Renaissance of Nuclear Power Plants.
8.3 Power Uprates.
8.4 Advantages of Nuclear Plants.
8.5 Some Types of Nuclear Power Reactors.
8.6 Other Types from Different Countries.
8.7 Planning of NP Plants.
8.8 Financial Risks in Planning.
8.9 Operation of NP Plants.
8.10 Safety Measures to Prevent Explosion in a Reactor Vessel.
8.11 Prevention of Accidents.
8.12 Class IE Equipment and Distribution Systems—Ungrounded Earthing Systems.
8.13 Environmental Considerations—Radiation Hazard.
8.14 Waste Management.
8.15 Environmental Benefits.
8.16 Challenges for Research.
8.17 Rapid Increase in Population Expected.
8.18 Fast Breeder Reactors.
9 Wind Power Generation.
9.1 Introduction to Wind.
9.2 Operation of Wind Turbine Generators.
9.3 Connection of Wind Energy Plants to the Grid—The Grid Code.
9.4 American Grid Code.
9.5 A Resistive Braking of a WTG.
9.6 Power and PF Control.
9.7 Modeling of a Wind Turbine Generator.
9.8 Economics of Wind Energy.
9.9 Capacity Factor of a WTG.
9.10 Capacity Credit Considerations.
9.11 Capacity Factor for WECs in a Hybrid System.
9.12 Wind Penetration Limit.
9.13 Wind Power Proportion.
9.14 Wind Integration Cost in United States.
9.15 Wind Energy Farms.
9.16 Promoting Growth of Wind Electricity.
9.17 Maintenance of WTG.
9.18 UNFCCC and Wind Energy.
10. Photovoltaic Energy—Solar Cells and Solar Power Systems.
10.1 Photovoltaic Energy—How it Works.
10.2 Advantages of Photovoltaic Energy.
10.3 Disadvantages of PV Energy.
10.4 Solar Thermal Density—Insolation.
10.5 Output of a PV Cell.
10.6 Variation with Ambient Temperature.
10.7 Voltage-Versus-Current Characteristics of a Solar Cell.
10.8 Matching the PV with the Load.
10.9 Old Working Model of an MPPT.
10.10 Maximizing the Output of a Solar Panel.
10.11 Interface with a Power System.
10.12 Power Conditioning Systems.
10.13 Super Capacitors and Storage Batteries.
10.14 NERC Guidelines for Connecting a PV Systm to a Grid.
10.15 Problems of Interfacing PV Systems with the Grid.
10.16 Penetration Percentage by a PV Energy System into a Utility Grid.
10.17 Progress in Application of PV Energy.
11. Direct Conversion into Electricity—Fuel Cells.
11.1 Fuel Cells Bypass Intermediate Steps in the Production of Electrical Energy.
11.2 Working of a Fuel Cell.
11.3 A Reformer for Getting Hydrogen From Methane.
11.4 Fuels for a Fuel Cell.
11.5 Fuel Cells on the Forefront of Development.
11.6 Comparison between Fuel Cells.
11.7 Typical Characteristics of Various Fuel Cells.
11.8 Developments in Fuel Cells.
11.9 Applications of Fuel Cells.
11.10 An SOFC–Gas Turbine System.
11.11 Efficiencies of Various Systems in Thermal Power Generation Technologies.
12. Hybrid Systems.
12.1 Coupling of Energy Sources.
12.2 What Exactly are Hybrids?
12.3 Stand-Alone Hybrid Power Systems.
12.4 Use of Renewable Sources of Energy in Mexico—San Antonio Aqua Bendita.
12.5 Some Definitions.
12.6 Cost Balance Between PV Cells and Storage Batteries.
12.7 Hybrids Incorporating Fuel Cells.
12.8 Midsea Hybrids.
12.9 Workings of a WTG and Diesel Generator.
12.10 Wind Energy Penetration Limit.
12.11 Wind Power–Fuel Cell Hybrids.
12.12 Interfacing Nonconventional Energy Sources with Utility Systems–Static Power Controllers (SPCs).
12.13 Protective Controls Between a Utility and a Newcomer.
13. Combined Generation—Cogeneration.
13.1 Definition and Scope.
13.2 Rise of Cogeneration.
13.3 Basic Purpose of Cogeneration.
13.4 Three Types of Cogenerators.
13.5 Advantages Offered by Cogeneration.
13.6 Planning of Cogeneration.
13.7 Economic Objectives for a Cogenerator.
13.8 Operation of Cogenerators.
13.9 Working Together with Cogeneration.
13.10 Islanding of Cogeneration Section.
13.11 Environmental Considerations.
13.12 Cogeneration in Brazil.
14. Distributed Generation (DG) and Distributed Resources (DR).
14.1 Definition and Scope.
14.2 Who are the Players in Distribution Generation?
14.3 Prominent Features of DRs.
14.4 Types of DGs.
14.5 Push Factors, Stay-Put Costs, and Investment Prospects for Electricity.
14.6 Investment Options.
14.7 Planning Sites for a DG.
14.8 Operation of DGs in an Electric Power System.
14.9 Islanding of an EPS Section from the Main Body.
14.10 Allowable Penetration Levels by DRs.
14.11 Synchronous Generator as a DG with Excitation Controls.
14.12 How Can a DG Earn Profits?
14.13 Scope for Gas-Based DGs.
14.14 Diesel Generators.
14.15 Evaluation of Service Rendered by Stand-by DGs.
14.16 Reliability Cost for a DG Set.
14.17 Maintenance and Protection of Diesel Generators.
14.18 UK Policy on Generation of Low-Carbon Electricity.
15. Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems.
15.1 Scope.
15.2 Definitions per IEEE Std 1547-2003.
15.3 DR Ceases to Energize the Area EPS.
15.4 Protective Devices.
15.5 Schematic of an Interconnection Between a DR and an Area EPS.
15.6 Restraints on a DR Operator.
15.7 Responsibilities and Liabilities of EPS Area Operators.
15.8 Power Quality Windows.
15.9 Limitation of DC Injection.
15.10 Islanding of a Local-Area EPS that Includes a DR.
15.11 Reconnection.
15.12 Safety Aspects.
15.13 Testing of Interconnecting Equipment.
15.14 Interconnections Will be Important in Tomorrow's Scenario.
16. Energy Storage—Power Storage Super Capacitors.
16.1 Energy Storage and the Future for Renewable Energy Sources.
16.2 Advantages of Energy Storage.
16.3 Factors for Choosing Type and Rating of a Storage System.
16.4 Nature of Support by Electricity Storage Systems.
16.5 Load Density, Short-Circuit Capacity, and Storage of Energy.
16.6 Photovoltaic Energy—PV Energy in Residential Applications.
16.7 Maximum PV Penetration and Maximum Allowable Storage go Hand in Hand.
16.8 Planning the Size of a Store for PV Inclusion in a Distribution System.
16.9 Types of Storage Devices for PV Systems.
16.10 Wind Energy.
16.11 Storage Technologies.
16.12 Determining the Size Storage for Wind Power.
16.13 Control Modes for Stores and WTG.
16.14 Energy Rating of Stores.
16.15 Categories of Energy Storages.
17. Hydrogen Era.
17.1 Fossil-Based Fuels.
17.2 Hydrogen Properties.
17.3 Hydrogen Advantages.
17.4 Production of Hydrogen.
17.5 Potential Market Segments for Hydrogen.
17.6 Present Roadblocks to use of Hydrogen.
17.7 Governments Envision a Hydrogen Era.
17.8 An Example to Consider.
18. Basic Structure of Power Marketing.
18.1 Reconstruction of the Electricity Business.
18.2 Unbundling of Old Monopoly.
18.3 Open Access to Critical Facilities.
18.4 How Does the New System Work?
18.5 Market Participants And Their Functions.
18.6 New Key Personnel.
18.7 Role of a Regulator or Regulatory Commission.
18.8 Tools for the System Operator.
18.9 Secondary Markets.
18.10 Free Market Objectives.
18.11 Success of the Free Market.
18.12 How Do Electricity Markets Operate?
18.13 Flow of Operating Funds.
18.14 Effect of Reconstruction on Electricity Business—Capital Investment Prospects.
18.15 National Grid Transmission System.
19. Looking into the Future.


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Mayor's Office
Mayor Chris Beutler presented the Mayor's Award of Excellence for August to Captain Bret Davis of Lincoln Fire and Rescue (LFR). The monthly award recognizes City employees who consistently provide exemplary service and work that demonstrates personal commitment to the City. The award was presented at the beginning of yesterday's City Council meeting.
Davis has worked for the City since 1979. Fire Apparatus Operator William Hershberger nominated Davis in the categories of customer relations and productivity for his work as the CPR program manager for LFR.
Davis has volunteered for the position of CPR Program Manager for 20 years and has been an instructor for the American Heart Association for more than 25 years. For the past 20 years, Davis also has been the Regional Instructor Facilitator Trainer. He keeps all LFR employees as well as 24 CPR instructors current on their CPR certifications. In addition, Davis trains instructors for the Lincoln Police Department, 911 Dispatchers, Southeast Fire and Rescue and Pfizer. Hershberger says Captain Davis has easily trained more than 1,000 students on this life-saving skill.
Along with his duties as an instructor, Davis also maintains all of the equipment and records for all CPR classes. Davis spends a lot of his own personal time to keep the CPR program running successfully. In his nomination, Hershberger wrote: "He always has a positive attitude, even with all of the changes throughout the years in CPR. He is a valuable asset and needs to be recognized as such."
The other categories in which employees can be nominated are loss prevention, safety and valor. Consideration also may be given to nominations that demonstrate self-initiated accomplishments or those completed outside of the nominee's job description. All City employees are eligible for the Mayor's Award of Excellence except for elected and appointed officials. Individuals or teams can be nominated by supervisors, peers, subordinates and the general public. Nomination forms are available at lincoln.ne.gov (keyword: personnel) or from department heads, employee bulletin boards or the Personnel Department, which oversees the awards program.
All nominations are considered by the Mayor's Award of Excellence Committee, which includes a representative with each union and a non-union representative appointed by the Mayor. Award winners receive a $50 gift certificate, a day off with pay and a plaque. All monthly winners and nominees are eligible to receive the annual award, which comes with a $250 gift certificate, two days off with pay and a plaque.


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5 Meals To Make Without Giving Others Your Cold
Has anyone else noticed that there is this icky flu-like virus going around that everyone seems to have? Are you prepared for it to hit your own home? When it does, make sure you're armed and ready with these 5 meals that all throw together in an instant if you're the first to catch it. You'll be able to cook without the fear of diseasing your entire family — even if you're heavily medicated!
1. Chicken Soup with Herb Dumplings: This recipe is exactly why you should always have a little roasted chicken in your freezer from a previous meal. It's perfect to toss in this simple soup that is not only good for you, but easy to make (and even easier with a few frozen veggies)
2. Basic Oven Omelet: It is a proven fact that you can eat breakfast foods at any time of the day. This one literally requires you to be able to open your fridge, take out leftovers and throw them together with some egg and stuff it in the oven. Don't forget to set a timer!
3. Baked Potato Soup With Bacon, Onion & Cheddar: Depending on what kind of sick you are, this recipe may or may not be something your stomach can handle (helllloooo dairy!), but that doesn't mean it won't feed your entire household for a few days. Bake your potatoes during a nap or two and the whole recipe comes together in literal seconds — all you really wanted was some toast anyway.
4. Cream Biscuits In Less Than 15 Minutes: Ok so biscuits themselves aren't exactly a meal. But add a fried egg, some gravy, potentially a luncheon mean and cheese and you're all set. These don't even require kneading, just mix, form, cut and done… now where's the sofa and some more tissues?
5. Cheetos: Ok, so they're not really a meal and Emma didn't really intend them to be when she wrote this previous post, but the comments are filled with 100+ confessions of super simple meal ideas that range from snacks to leftovers (we won't tell you how old). Remember, if you're too out of it to be near the stove, there's no shame in saying junk food night!
(Image: As listed above)


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Buying or selling a business, regardless of size, can be a daunting task and perhaps one of the most expensive transactions in which you will participate. You need to be sure that you are represented by a competent, honest and hardworking business broker that has your best interest at top of mind. Harding & Associates - Business Brokerage Services
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Pensacola, FL
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|Attention: DocWiki has reached EOL and will be decommissioned January 25, 2019.
Installation: Installation fails due to invalid IP address
From DocWiki
The installation fails due to an invalid IP address
|Problem Summary
| The installation fails because an invalid or incorrect IP address was entered when the node was added to the cluster.
|Error Message
| Installation failed due to invalid IP address.
|Possible Causes
| An invalid or incorrect IP address was entered when the node was added to the cluster.
|Recommended Action
| Use this procedue to correct an invalid secondary node IP address only while trying to add the node to a MediaSense cluster but before it has been installed. Do not use this procedure after the server has been installed.
1) Enter 'set network cluster server' on the primary server to update the MediaSense cluster configuration with the correct IP address for the server which was incorrectly configured:
set network cluster server ip 10.10.10.93 10.10.10.136
2) Enter 'show network cluster' to verify the interim cluster configuration:
Example response:
3) Enter ' run sql select name,nodeid from ProcessNode' on the primary server to ensure that the IP address change is replicated to the secondary server database.
Example response:
4) Reboot the primary server to update the local name resolution files including the hosts, rhosts, sqlhosts, and services.
5) Enter 'show network cluster' to verify the interim cluster configuration again:
Example response:
6) Go to the MediaSense Server Configuration list on the Administration page and confirm that the correct ip address is now showing for the secondary server.
|Release 8.5(4), Release 9.0(1).
|Associated CDETS #
| None.


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Scottemojo wrote:Sarlacc83 wrote:So, did everything switch? Those who wanted to see Whitehurst (me included) are now onboard with keeping Wilson playing while the ardent supporters of Matt want to see the back up?
Bizarro world.
Speaking just for myself, I don't actually find it all that strange. Whitehurst was easily the better QB in the 2011 preseason (Tjack was a disaster). Wilson was easily the better QB in the 2012 preseason. In my case, I was simply supporting the QB who had done more to earn the starting job. When Whitehurst did get his chance in the regular season, boy did he suck. That put things to rest. If Flynn was named the starter, but got hurt and Wilson came in for one game and played like Whitehurst did in Cleveland last year, I promise you that the very next day you wouldn't find a bigger Flynn supporter than me.


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Village Hospice is holding a community blood drive conducted by the Community Blood Center from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. on Halloween Thursday at the John Knox Village Manhattan Room – Places Restaurant, 1001 Chipman Road, Lee's Summit.
To schedule an appointment online go to www.esavealifenow.org. From there, follow the instructions for registering and signing up for an appointment. You can search for this event by using johnknoxvillage as the Sponsor Code. You can also call 816-347-4590 to make an appointment.
– Submitted


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It's too late for Halloween, but the spirits, er, spirit of spooks is part of a new, limited-time event at Fantasy of Flight.
The aviation-themed attraction is likely best known to Interstate 4 travelers between Orlando and Tampa Bay for the DC-3 stuck nose-down into the ground as a sign post to the Polk City tourist stop. I always thought that was an odd icon for a museum dedicated to crafts that ideally remain airborne.
No matter. Fantasy of Flight has endured since its grand opening in 1995, with its exhibits and demonstrations of more than 40 historical airplanes ranging from the early 1900s to the 1950s. It was the top vote-getter by readers of this very newspaper in 2007 rankings of "Orlando's 101 Best Kept Secrets."
Visitors can watch daily aerial shows, such as World War I dogfights, or climb inside a World War II B-17 Flying Fortress, which is where the ghosts come in.
That aircraft, one of the attraction's signature exhibits, is at the epicenter of paranormal activity that apparently is rampant in the hangar at Fantasy of Flight. After hearing reports from visitors, ghost hunters were invited from Apollo Paranormal Investigations, a non-profit organization based in Apollo, Fla.
When the Apollo investigators concluded that ghosts were making a home in the vintage aircraft, the braintrust at Fantasy of Flight did what anyone would do (no, not run away!): They decided to build a new event around it.
This month marks the opening of "nightFlight," a series of three after-hour tours that offer three to four hours to "explore the unexplained." Tour dates: Jan. 30, Feb. 13 (special Valentine's theme!) and Feb. 27.
How's it work?
At 9:30 p.m., participants will embark on a tour with API investigators, after being trained on the devices used by ghost hunters. By torch-light, the groups will proceed to the hangar, where the API team will share evidence of video apparitions and escort the crew on their own explorations.
NightFlight tickets are $75, plus tax. For details, visit fantasyofflight.com or call 863-984-3500.
Ghosts to fly at Fantasy of Flight
It's too late for Halloween, but the spirits, er, spirit of spooks is part of a new, limited-time event at Fantasy of Flight.


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On April 27, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) made a long overdue announcement indefinitely suspending the National Security Entry-Exit Registration System (NSEERS), a framework that has been fraught with controversy and inefficiency since it was launched in the wake of 9/11. Several advocacy organizations have welcomed the move but have also called for the DHS to repair the damage that NSEERS has done over the years.
Over the past six years, the NSEERS required individuals from primarily Arab countries to register with the government on arrival and departure from the United States. These countries included Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Egypt, Eritrea, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Individuals who fell under the critera were required to undergo around 30 minutes of additional inspection at a port of entry if entering the U.S on nonimmigrant visas. Visitors had to register again when exiting the country. The Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) justified the existence of the system stating that it was implemented "to keep track of those entering and leaving our country in order to safeguard U.S. citizens and America's borders."
The DHS and ICE have been criticized for their overt racial profiling of Arab visitors or those who appear Arab in an effort to preserve national security. The almost exclusive focus on visitors from the Arab countries showed that an institutional typecast was established, a move that received much flak from advocacy groups. The NSEERS impacted a lot of innocent people . In 2003, Abdulameer Yousef Habeeb, a refugee from Iraq was traveling on an Amtrak train from Seattle to Washington, DC to start a new job at an Arabic-language newspaper. While the train had stopped for a 30-minute break in Havre, Montana, Habeeb was singled out by two border patrol agents and then subsequently interrogated, arrested, imprisoned and set up for deportation back to Iraq. This was all because Habeeb hadn't registered with the NSEERS even though his status didn't require him to do so. In March 2005, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) filed a lawsuit on behalf of Habeeb, seeking compensation and damages for his losses and suffering as a result of the erroneous arrest and imprisonment. Finally, in June 2007, the U.S. government apologized to Habeeb for their misconduct and offered compensation. The message from U.S. Attorney Jeffrey Sullivan for the Western District of Washington giving Habeeb a formal statement said-
The United States of America acknowledges that, by not registering under NSEERS, you did nothing wrong. The United States of America regrets the mistake.
In what seems like an extension of their acceptance that Habeeb "did nothing wrong," the DHS is now saying the same thing with regard to the entire community their NSEERS program had targeted. In their official announcement, the DHS gave the following reason for the cessation of NSEERS-
Over the past six years, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has implemented several new automated systems that capture arrival and exit information on nonimmigrant travelers to the United States, and DHS has determined that recapturing this data manually when a nonimmigrant is seeking admission to the United States is redundant and no longer provides any increase in security. DHS, therefore, has determined that it is no longer necessary to subject nationals from these countries to special registration procedures.
Cases such as Habeeb's indicate that the NSEERS mistreated several nonimmigrant visitors to the U.S. from Arab countries. Therefore, while the suspension of the NSEERS is a much welcomed move, we must also not forget the damage to people and families that was caused by the program's implementation over nine years. The mistrust of Arabs in the immediate aftermath of 9/11 branched out into the profiling of other ethnic communities such as Sikhs and other South Asian groups as well as the wider community of Muslims in America. The recent congressional hearings lead by Peter King on the "radicalization of Islam" are another testament to this deep mistrust and societal damage. Several advocacy groups such as the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC), and South Asian Americans Leading Together (SAALT), along with the Arab American Institute (AAI), the National Immigration Forum (NIF) and the Rights Working Group (RWG), have praised the end of NSEERS, jointly stating-
The NSEERS program was a counter-productive response in the wake of September 11, 2001…One controversial aspect of the NSEERS program was a "domestic call-in" component that solicited registrations from more than 80,000 males who were inside the United States on temporary visas from predominantly Arab, South Asian, or Muslim-majority countries. The specific parameters of NSEERS revealed it to be a system that was a clear example of profiling: discriminatory, arbitrary, and, as DHS itself has stated, an ineffective national security measure…It is critical that DHS view this rule as a starting point for granting relief retroactively for those affected by NSEERS. Ultimately, these groups believe that NSEERS must be repealed in its entirety.
The steady erosion of basic human rights after the tragedy of 9/11 has affected numerous Americans and visitors to this country. In our current state of paranoia, we as a country have singled out and alienated specific groups, and programs such as NSEERS have added to this damage to the social and cultural fabric of our country. The suspension of the program is definitely a positive step by the DHS, which should be furthered by the full elimination of the program and a reform of the DHS policies and functioning to become unbiased and effective. The unfortunate cases of racial profiling, such as that of Habeeb, should not be repeated. As we approach the 10th anniversary of the 9/11 tragedy, we must strive towards an America that cherishes its diversity and doesn't needlessly suspect those who are different. The time is right for us to re-embrace one of our greatest strengths as a nation – our diversity.
Photo courtesy of dhs.gov


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We have a launch the Firdous fiber of new titles in the collection lawn embroidery "Voilele 2013 Swiss embroidery Firdous" current here. In a large supermarket of all, you also can get the online shopping site from Firdous collection. , Bringing the number that is printed on the grass in the lawn brand of fabric type and Firdous fiber are different, offers a complete range for all types of customers. Firdous all for everyone.
The collection of new Firdous voile embroidery Switzerland, the product of Firdous, quality consciousness, began the fabric of Firdous tulle quality all of the highest quality in Switzerland this summer Firdous textile lawn print elegant. Print to feed the clothes, are included shalwar kameez (the shirt) embroidery and accessories dupatta this collection. Summer party perfect prints collection elegant and colorful. People, you can casually, wear party these prints. Women print, this is the perfect combination to suit your style of work of great embroidery embroidery and print shirt. In the pattern of the type of shirt style and all the latest. Design of long-term kameez neck style entire design allows you to neck and back design maxi, open shirt, and double kurti, operating at border control points. I hope that this work will prefer Firdous. Please refer to the order to get a dress with voile embroidery of Switzerland 2013 Summer Firdous latest, go to the official website of the Firdous simply shopping mall nearest you, or outlet, just. Favorite clothes are arriving in front of you. Please leave your comment below! Bridal that are available in the colors red, green, yellow, blue, black, white, orange, pink, major all purple, wedding, evening, and night, formal party dress, these dresses, a collection of these wear store -
Home » Lawn Dresses » Firdous Embroidered Swiss Voile 2013 Dresses Collection New Fashionable Clothes
Firdous Embroidered Swiss Voile 2013 Dresses Collection New Fashionable Clothes
12:32 Gerenda nice Labels: Lawn Dresses


text: Charlotte 49ers and IMG College Form Multimedia and Sponsorship Partnership Jul 23, 2012 WINSTON-SALEM, N.C., (July 23, 2011) - With an inaugural football program on the way and a brand new stadium being built, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte (Charlotte 49ers) has partnered with IMG College in a broad multimedia rights and sponsorship partnership designed to draw increased corporate interest and fans to the university's athletics program. Under the terms of the 10-year agreement, IMG College will manage and market all rights associated with Charlotte 49ers Athletics advertising and sponsorship inventory including radio advertising, official athletic website, venue signage, public address announcements, video boards, game programs, event promotions, and hospitality at athletic events. Partners for Charlotte 49ers radio game broadcasts will be announced in the future. "This is an exciting and important time in the development of our university and our athletic program," said Judy Rose, Director of Athletics, Charlotte 49ers. "Preparations for our first football season are in full swing, our stadium is nearing completion and with our upcoming move to Conference USA we are not only set to step quickly into FBS play but are enhancing the long-term prospects of each of our teams. Partnering with IMG College puts our program in position to take full advantage of the opportunities that lie in front of us. We are excited to move forward with IMG by our side." The Charlotte 49ers relationship continues the expansion of IMG's groundbreaking national collegiate marketing platform. IMG College now represents the media and sponsorship rights for more than 90 universities nationwide. "This partnership will give IMG College a full-time sales presence in Charlotte and the ability to utilize resources around the Carolinas at our collegiate partners including Duke, Appalachian State, ECU, South Carolina, Clemson, Furman, Wofford and Wake Forest," said Ben Sutton, President of IMG College. "With the 49ers joining Conference USA in 2013, this is an exciting opportunity for our North Carolina-based company to help make college sports history in Charlotte. We're eager to help build the Charlotte 49ers brand, support its student athletes and fans, and drive revenue to the school." The new IMG partnership will begin with the 2012-13 school year. IMG is currently identifying a dedicated Charlotte team to be based on campus. Through its licensing group, The Collegiate Licensing Company (CLC), IMG College has represented the school's trademark licensing program since 1987. About IMG College IMG College is the leading multimedia, marketing and licensing/brand management company in America representing more than 200 of the nation's top collegiate properties including the NCAA and its 88 championships, NCAA Football, leading conferences, and many of the most prestigious colleges and universities in the country. Headquartered in Winston Salem, N.C., IMG College employs 700 people in nearly 100 offices throughout the U.S. IMG College is the leader in capturing consumer devotion to college sports through partnership opportunities in multimedia rights, licensing, events and hospitality, marketing, stadium and arena development, stadium seating solutions, ticketing, sales, and consulting. IMG College produces nearly 30,000 hours of radio programming on the largest sports network in the country, manages nearly 5,000 hours of local television programming, is the leading publisher of college sports publications, and is the largest manager of university athletic websites. IMG College is a division of IMG Worldwide, a global sports, fashion and media business. For more information, please visit www.imgworld.com. About the Charlotte 49ers Athletics The Charlotte 49ers athletics teams compete on the NCAA Division I level and are members of the Atlantic 10 Conference. The department supports 16 sports teams, including baseball, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's cross country, golf, men's and women's soccer, softball, men's and women's tennis, men's and women's indoor and outdoor track and field, and volleyball. In the fall of 2013, the 49ers will host the inaugural season of the football team, along with making a move to join Conference USA in all sports. The first season of football in Conference USA for the 49ers is the fall of 2015.