text:
- Review
- Open Access
Outcomes and survival prediction models for severe adult acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
© The Author(s). 2016
- Published: 5 December 2016
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has known a growing interest over the last decades with promising results during the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza epidemic. Targeting populations that can most benefit from this therapy is now of major importance.
Survival has steadily improved for a decade, reaching up to 65% at hospital discharge in the most recent cohorts. However, ECMO is still marred by frequent and significant complications such as bleeding and nosocomial infections. In addition, physiological and psychological symptoms are commonly described in long-term follow-up of ECMO-treated ARDS survivors. Because this therapy is costly and exposes patients to significant complications, seven prediction models have been developed recently to help clinicians identify patients most likely to survive once ECMO has been initiated and to facilitate appropriate comparison of risk-adjusted outcomes between centres and over time. Higher age, immunocompromised status, associated extra-pulmonary organ dysfunction, low respiratory compliance and non-influenzae diagnosis seem to be the main determinants of poorer outcome.
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Outcome
- Predictive survival models
- ECMO-related complications
Outcomes of severe ARDS patients with and without ECMO
Outcomes of severe ARDS treated with "conventional" management
The past two decades have seen significant progress in ARDS management. A more accurate definition has been proposed [12] and major progress has been achieved in understanding the ARDS pathophysiology [13–15] and ventilator-induced lung injury [16, 17]. In addition, protective-lung mechanical ventilation [18] and adjuvant therapies such as prone positioning [19] and neuromuscular blockers [20] have contributed to improvements in overall ARDS mortality. Despite this, the pooled mortality of ARDS (covering all levels of ARDS severity) remains high, even more so in observational studies (48.2%) than in randomized controlled trials (37.5%) [21]. The mortality for severe ARDS is higher still, at 50% [12, 22, 23]. In addition, the burden of ARDS is still perceptible years after ICU discharge, with notable impairment of quality of life [24]. Reported long-term sequelae include ICU-acquired weakness, exercise limitation, frozen shoulders, vocal-cord dysfunction or recurrent reactive airways disease which may contribute to social isolation, psychological morbidity and sexual dysfunction [24]. In a large cohort of 109 patients with ARDS, 51% of patients reported at least one episode of depression and/or severe anxiety within 5 years of follow-up [24]. Nevertheless, 77% of patients returned to work; almost all to their original work 5 years after ICU discharge.
Outcomes of ARDS treated with venovenous ECMO
Outcomes of patients with ARDS on ECMO have improved steadily over a decade (Fig. 1) thanks to the progress of the devices [5] and better prevention of ECMO-related complications such as bleeding.
The first large international multicentre database on ECMO for severe ARDS was provided by Brogan et al. [25] using a registry issued from a collaborative international network (Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ESLO)). The data, collected between 1986 and 2006, covered 1473 patients with a median age of 34 years, 78 of whom were treated with venovenous ECMO (VV-ECMO) with a median time of support of 154 hours. They reported an all-cause mortality of 50%. Risk factors associated with a poorer outcome were advanced age, days on mechanical ventilation prior to ECMO and decreased patient weight. These results were relatively consistent with the CESAR trial [4], which reported 63% survival without severe disability at 6 months. In this trial, conducted between 2001 and 2006 in the United Kingdom, 180 patients with severe ARDS were either randomized into ECMO (after transfer to a referral "ECMO centre") or to conventional management at the referring hospital. These patients suffered from severe and potentially reversible ARDS. Their median age was 40 years (mean APACHE II 20), with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia in 66%. The same year, Australia and New Zealand Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ANZ ECMO) [26] reported excellent results with a cohort of influenza A(H1N1)-related ARDS patients. They reported 78% of patients weaned from ECMO and 71% ICU discharge survival despite extreme severity before cannulation (median lowest PaO2/FIO2 ratio 56 mmHg, pH 7.2, PaCO2 69 mmHg and modified acute lung injury score of 3.8). These results should, however, be interpreted with caution because influenza A(H1N1)-related ARDS has a better prognosis than other causes of ARDS [27, 28]. More recently, Schmidt et al. [6] reported the outcome of 140 patients from three French ICUs. Ninety-five per cent of patients received VV-ECMO with a median time between intubation and ECMO cannulation of 5 (1–11) days. Bacterial pneumonia was the main cause of ARDS (45%). Influenza A(H1N1)-related ARDS was noted in 26%. Survival rates were respectively 64% and 60% at ICU discharge and 6 months. A cohort of 2355 patients extracted from the international ELSO registry [27] has also been studied recently. ECMO therapy was initiated after a median of 57 hours of mechanical ventilation, with 49% of patients receiving neuromuscular blocker agents, 20% inhaled nitric oxide and 10% high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Fifty-seven per cent of patients were alive at hospital discharge after a median of 170 hours on ECMO.
Long-term outcome
Studies relating long-term outcomes after ECMO for severe ARDS
Cohort enrolment
Total population
Primary outcome
Long-term outcomes
Median time
Peek et al.[4]
6 months
Death or severe disability at 6 months
Lung function evaluated with PFT, overall health status, HRQoL, depression and anxiety symptoms
Lindén et al.[29]
Before 2009
26 (12–50) months
Pulmonary morphology (CT scan)
Lung function (PFT), pulmonary symptoms (SGRQ)
Hodgson et al.[33]
9 (8–19) months
HRQoL (SF-36)
Related ECMO complications, survival, discharge destination, return-to-work status
Luyt et al.[31]
Winter 2009
12 months
HRQoL (SF-36)
Symptoms and activities since hospital discharge, weight and muscle-strength testing, lung morphology (CT scan), anxiety and depression (HAD scale), symptoms of PTSD (IES)
Schmidt et al.[6]
17 (11–28) months
Factors associated with death at 6 months
HRQoL (SF-36 score), pulmonary symptoms (SGRQ), anxiety and depression (HAD scale), symptoms of PTSD (IES)
Li et al.[30]
12 months
Pulmonary morphology
Post-ECMO respiratory impairment can be assessed in three domains: lung capacity assessed by lung function tests; parenchymal changes observed on imaging; and respiratory symptoms. In the CESAR trial [4], lung function tests, performed 6 months post ECMO, indicated relatively preserved lung capacity (forced vital capacity 79.6% predicted, peak expiratory flow rate 54.5% predicted) and were no different to the conventional management group. Similarly, Lindén et al. [29] reported lung function measured at varying time points at least 1 year post ECMO in a cohort of 21 survivors of bacterial pneumonia-related ARDS treated with ECMO. They described slightly impaired lung function with a mildly obstructive pattern (forced expired volume at 1 second < 80%). Measurement of SpO2 during exercise tests was low in 43% patients and a reduced DLCO (70% of predicted value) was noted in 65%. In addition, radiological changes compatible with interstitial fibrosis were reported in 76% of the population. In the study by Li et al. [30], 15 patients underwent 1-year follow-up with repeated computed tomography after severe ARDS requiring VV-ECMO. Eighty-seven per cent of patients exhibited similar changes, with more severe damage distributed in the ventral region. In the context of influenza A(H1N1)-related ARDS, similar findings were reported by Luyt et al. [31]. Lung function tests on 67 patients demonstrated a mild impairment of lung-diffusion properties (DLCO below the fifth percentile of normal values) in both ECMO and non-ECMO survivors with no difference between both groups. No obstructive lung disease was noted and arterial blood gases at rest and after exercise were within normal ranges. However, 75% of patients in the ECMO group suffered from moderate dyspnoea during strenuous exercise at 1 year [31]. Lastly, it is notable that most patients in both groups had returned to work, and one-third practised sport regularly [31].
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) evaluation assesses both the physical and psychological impact of ECMO among survivors. Lindén et al. [29] first described HRQoL in their cohort of 21 long-term survivors of severe ARDS and ECMO, focusing on the respiratory symptoms, and showed higher scores on the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) than normal values, indicating subjective respiratory problems with an impact on daily life. These findings contrast with the CESAR trial where equivalent SGRQ scores were reported in both groups. Most of the studies used the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) [32] to assess HRQoL. The physical domain scores of the SF-36 reported mobility limitation or self-care restriction in about 20–30% of survivors [4, 31, 33], which may mostly be due to ICU-acquired limb weakness, considered "slight to moderate" when compared with age-matched and sex-matched population controls [6, 31]. Psychological impairment may also jeopardize long-term quality of life of ECMO survivors. Others domains of the SF-36 evaluate vitality, social functioning and emotional status. Data regarding psychological impact of ECMO for ARDS survivors are scarce. However, they were globally impaired when compared with age-matched and sex-matched population controls [4, 6]. These data were consistent with those of Hodgson et al. [33], who reported a 27% decrease in SF-36 mental component scores in ARDS patients who received ECMO. Finally, 25–34% of ECMO patients reported long-term anxiety and depression symptoms, with 15% considered at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder [4, 6]. These results were similar to those reported in other post-ICU studies [34–36].
In conclusion, HRQoL seems to be significantly impaired after ECMO for severe ARDS. This must be interpreted with caution, however, because it may be attributable to the patient's ICU length of stay and underlying disease rather than to ECMO itself. HRQoL data showing no difference between ECMO and non-ECMO severe ARDS patients tend to confirm this hypothesis [33].
ECMO-related complications
The two most important and commonly described ECMO-related adverse events are bleeding and nosocomial infection.
Bleeding occurs in about 20% of patients on ECMO with various degrees of severity (i.e. cannula haemorrhage, spontaneous epistaxis, gastrointestinal or intra-cranial bleeding, etc.) [37, 38]. The main mechanisms are anticoagulation, thrombocytopenia and coagulation factor consumption. ECMO circuits are also responsible for impaired platelet function [39] and biological acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) [40, 41]. However, a study by Abrams et al. [42] reported that severity of critical illness and platelet count at the time of cannulation, rather than ECMO duration, were the best predictors for development of severe thrombocytopenia while receiving ECMO for respiratory failure. Consumption of red blood cells has been reported as approximately 1 unit per ECMO-day while 17% of patients underwent surgery for bleeding issues [43]. Application of a restrictive transfusion policy on ECMO is possible by implementing a lower aim for systemic anticoagulation, a fixed transfusion threshold of 7 g/dl and auto-transfusion during decannulation [44].
Nosocomial infections are also very frequent in ECMO patients. Their incidence varies widely from 11.7 to 64% [1, 45, 46], equivalent to 11.9–75.5 infections/1000 ECMO-days. However, these data are lacking in the specific VV-ECMO population. Among these infections, the two most common were bloodstream infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia with a median of 15/1000 ECMO-days and 4/1000 ECMO-days respectively when pooling several studies [46–49]. Duration on ECMO and patient's severity were independent risk factors. One should note that the definition of "ECMO-related infection" and the diagnostic techniques for cannula-related infection are not consistent and may account for differences observed between different studies. In addition, antibiotic prophylaxis, routine bacterial surveillance and continuous antibiotics are frequently used in ECMO centres despite no evidence of their benefit [50].
Neurological events occurred frequently in patients on VV-ECMO. Among 135 consecutive patients who had received VV-ECMO, 18 (15 assessable) developed cerebral complications on ECMO: cerebral bleeding in 10 patients (7.5%), ischemic stroke in three patients (2%) or diffuse microbleeds in two patients (2%). Intracranial bleeding, the most frequent complication, occurred early and was associated with higher mortality. Because intracranial bleeding was independently associated with rapid hypercapnia decrease, ECMO onset should be avoided in this situation, but its exact role remains to be determined [51].
Other ECMO-related complications include thrombosis, especially deep vein thrombosis in the cannulated vessels following ECMO. The incidence was estimated at 8.1/1000 cannula-days and routine venous Doppler ultrasound following decannulation in the VV-ECMO population has been advocated [8]. In addition, haemolysis is commonly observed during VV-ECMO. A recent study of 207 paediatric patients with ECMO reported at least one episode of haemolysis in 66% patients. Although haemolysis is frequently considered minor, these patients were more likely to experience a longer ECMO run and require more blood products. After controlling for age, weight, paediatric index of mortality and diagnosis, patients with severe haemolysis were more likely to die in the ICU and in hospital (odds ratio (OR) 6.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–23.54; p = 0.006) [52]. In adults, further data are needed to investigate the causes of haemolysis on ECMO and to elucidate its influence on morbidity and mortality.
Survival prediction models
Objectives of these scores
Because of the significant numbers of ECMO-related complications, the high rates of long-term physical and psychological impairment, and the human and financial cost, identifying specific populations who could benefit most from this therapy is crucial. All of these scores have been derived only from populations already on ECMO. As such, they should be considered most appropriate for predicting who will survive once ECMO has been initiated, comparing outcomes between units and over time, or helping inform clinicians, family members and even occasionally patients themselves of likely outcomes. Without a population of patients who did not receive ECMO, none of the scores so far described can be considered directly applicable for choosing which patients should or should not receive ECMO. However, given the fact that most of the predictive variables described have been recorded during the immediate pre-ECMO period, it is likely that the same factors which predict survival in populations who are on ECMO may also be helpful to select patients for consideration of ECMO.
Survival prediction scores
Survival predictive models for patients on VV-ECMO for ARDS
Number of patients
Number of centres
Cohort enrolment
Pre-ECMO items
Internal validation's AUROC
External validation's AUROC
ECMOnet score:
Pappallardo et al. [53]
A(H1N1) influenza-related ARDS
Winter 2009
1. Pre-ECMO LOS
2. Bilirubin
3. Creatinine
4. Haematocrit level
5. Mean arterial pressure
PRESERVE score:
Schmidt et al. [6]
Severe ARDS
1. Age
2. Body mass index
3. Immunocompromised
4. SOFA score
5. Days of MV
6. Prone positioning
8. Plateau pressure
RESP score:
Schmidt et al. [27]
Acute respiratory failure
1. Age
2. Immunocompromised
3. Days of MV
4. Diagnosis
5. Central nervous system dysfunction
6. Acute associated (non-pulmonary) infection
7. Neuromuscular blockade agents
8. Nitric oxide use
9. Bicarbonate infusion
10. Cardiac arrest
11. PaCO2
12. Peak inspiratory pressure
Roch et al. [28]
ARDS brought to a referral centre
1. Age
2. SOFA score
3. Influenza
Enger et al. [54]
1. Age
2. Immunocompromised
3. Minute ventilation
4. Haemoglobin
5. Lactate
Liu et al. [55]
1. Barotraumae
2. Underlying lung disease
VV-ECMO mortality score:
Cheng et al. [56]
Severe ARDS
1. Immunocompromised
2. SOFA score
3. Days of MV
Demographic characteristics
In all models but ECMOnet and the two most recent published scores [6, 27, 28, 54], age was an independent risk factor. In the PRESERVE and Roch et al. scores [27, 28], being younger than 45 years old was associated with a better prognosis, while a major mortality risk was described for patients over 60 years of age. Immunocompromised status was consistently associated with a poorer outcome in four out of the seven models [6, 27, 54, 56]. For instance, chronic immunosuppression was associated with increased mortality both in Enger et al.'s [54] score (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3–5.2) and the VV-ECMO [56] mortality score (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.9). Liu et al. [55] found an underlying lung disease (i.e. COPD, interstitial lung disease and lung cancer) to be an independent risk factor for mortality (OR 12.2, 95% CI 1.2–122.2; p = 0.033). In no other models were co-morbidities such as chronic organ dysfunction or diabetes identified as associated with poorer outcome. However, there were so few patients with these conditions that it is difficult to raise any conclusion about their impact on outcome.
Acute organ dysfunction
The number of pre-ECMO organ dysfunctions is unsurprisingly a significant predictive factor. In the Roch et al., PRESERVE, Enger et al. and VV-ECMO mortality scores [27, 28, 54, 56] the SOFA score was used as an organ failure surrogate, whereas mean arterial pressure, serum creatinine, bilirubin and haematocrit levels were used in the ECMOnet score [53]. Lastly, pre-ECMO central nervous system dysfunction was associated with a poorer outcome in the RESP score [27]. In recent retrospective cohorts, SOFA score > 15 was constantly associated with higher mortality [56–58]. However, it is worth noting that pre-ECMO neurological status assessed by the Glasgow Coma Scale score is frequently difficult to evaluate in these patients due to high-dose sedative infusion, making reliability of this neurological SOFA score section questionable [28].
Characteristics and management of respiratory failure
Management of mechanical ventilation and adjuvant therapies for severe ARDS have greatly evolved during the last decade [18–20, 22, 23]. Amongst the patient cohorts from which scores have been developed, there was evidence of variation in pre-ECMO management, which influenced survival. For instance, only 49% of patients received pre-ECMO neuromuscular blockade in the RESP study [27] compared with all patients in Roch et al.'s cohort [28]. Pre-ECMO nitric oxide and prone positioning were used, respectively, in 16 and 29% of patients in the ECMOnet study [53] vs 90 and 60% in the PRESERVE cohort [6]. Despite the variation in reported use of pre-ECMO adjuvant therapies, where these have been reported, the studies have demonstrated both prone positioning and provision of neuromuscular blockade to be associated with improved survival. These findings are consistent with non-ECMO literature [6, 27]. Duration of mechanical ventilation pre ECMO over 7 days has been significantly associated with a poor outcome in the RESP, the PRESERVE and the VV-ECMO mortality scores [6, 27, 56]. Interestingly, although hypoxemia is a major factor, which influences the decision to start VV-ECMO, no predictive score has shown it to be predictive of survival. Potential reasons for this include a direct effect of ECMO which reverses the adverse effects of hypoxia, bias induced by lack of information on "equally hypoxic" patients who do not receive ECMO or a type II statistical error as a result of the studies being underpowered to detect a small adverse effect from hypoxia. On the other hand, pre-ECMO direct and indirect markers of reduced compliance (e.g. high PaCO2, high peak inspiratory pressure, plateau pressure > 30 mmHg or pre-ECMO barotrauma evidence) were strongly associated with poor outcome in the PRESERVE, RESP and VV-ECMO mortality scores [6, 27, 56].
Cause of respiratory failure
Aetiology is important in determining the prognosis of ECMO-treated severe ARDS. Influenza-induced ARDS was consistently associated with better outcome in the Roch et al., PRESERVE and RESP scores (70, 83 and 70% survival, respectively) [6, 27, 28]. The ECMOnet score [53], which was derived within this specific population, exhibited worse discrimination performance when it was applied in an all-cause ARDS population (area under the ROC curve of 0.60 in the external cohort validation vs 0.86 in the original cohort). With the exception of the RESP score [27], which showed that certain diagnoses such as "aspiration pneumonitis" had particularly good survival, patient numbers in most studies have been too small to detect significant relationships between other specific diagnoses and outcome.
Prediction model limitations and performance
All scores seem to perform better compared with classical ICU severity scores [6, 27, 28, 53, 54]. However, the differences in model composition illustrate heterogeneity of the ECMO databases in terms of size, population and data collected.
Some of these scores were specifically focused on dedicated populations, which limit applicability to other ARDS diagnosis. For instance, the ECMOnet score was built on an influenza A(H1N1) ARDS cohort ventilated for less than 7 days [53], whereas Roch et al.'s score was designed for patients transferred to a referral centre for ECMO [28]. Variation in data collected in the ECMO databases influences the composition and the performance of survival prediction models, and we cannot rule out that other pre-ECMO items not collected in these databases might also impact on the prognosis. While pre-ECMO prone positioning and use of neuromuscular blockage agents are constituent parts of some scores [6, 27], other studies did not collect these variables [54–56] or found no statistical association with mortality [28]. Third, the statistical methodology used to construct the different scores is heterogeneous. All scores have used logistic regression techniques but none have employed mixed or random-effects models. Only two scores have used bootstrapping [27, 54] and only three out of seven have been validated externally [6, 27, 53] (Table 1). Fourth, because patients' prognosis after ECMO has markedly improved over the last two decades, performance of these scores and derived predicted mortality rates might also change over time. Fifth, these models have been developed for patients already on ECMO and not validated for survival prediction in a general population of severe acute respiratory failure patients where ECMO has not (yet) been instituted. The models should therefore not be considered substitutes for clinical judgment. Lastly, caution should always be taken when using survival probabilities derived from these scoring systems to inform families and relatives on a patient's prognosis because ECMO remains associated with devastating complications such as neurological bleeding which may occur despite favourable pre-ECMO score-based predicted survival.
Although the use of ECMO for severe refractory ARDS has markedly increased since 2009, in-hospital mortality remains high (from 35 to 45%). In addition, despite major technological improvement of the devices, ECMO is still associated with numerous therapy-related complications and significant physical/psychological long-term impairment. These factors reinforce the need to perform ECMO in high volume [59] and expert referral centres with appropriate and accurate selection of patients who are mostly to obtain benefit over standard therapies. On the basis of a large development cohort, external validation and easily available web calculator (www.respscore.com), we recommend the RESP score to benchmark outcomes, to interpret variation in practice and to inform clinicians and families of likely outcomes for patients treated with ECMO for severe respiratory failure, and await with interest future prospective interventional studies to inform clinicians about when, how and on whom to perform ECMO.
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Availability of data and materials
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Authors' contributions
SR and MS were responsible for conception and design of the review. SR, DP, AC and MS were responsible for writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Authors' information
SR is a fellow in the Medical ICU of La Pitié Salpetrière Hospital, Paris, France. DP is a professor in the ICU of the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. AC is a professor and the head of the Medical ICU of La Pitié Salpetrière Hospital Paris, France. MS is an assistant professor in the Medical ICU of La Pitié Salpetrière Hospital Paris, France.
Competing interests
SR and DP have no conflicts of interest to declare. AC is the primary investigator of the EOLIA trial (NCT01470703), a randomized trial of VV-ECMO supported in part by MAQUET, and has received honoraria for lectures from MAQUET. MS reports receiving lecture honoraria from Maquet.
Consent for publication
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Ethics approval and consent to participate
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- Hodgson CL, Hayes K, Everard T, Nichol A, Davies AR, Bailey MJ, Tuxen DV, Cooper DJ, Pellegrino V. Long-term quality of life in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory hypoxaemia. Crit Care. 2012;16:R202.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
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Peter Singer Quotes About AidsQuotes about: Aids
Even in the era of AIDS, sex raises no unique moral issues at all. Decisions about sex may involve considerations about honesty, concern for others, prudence, and so on, but there is nothing special about sex in this respect, for the same could be said of decisions about driving a car. (In fact, the moral issues raised by driving a car, both from an environmental and from a safety point of view, are much more serious than those raised by sex.)
We certainly would resolve the problems of the charities that are working in areas where they can do the most good. So if you consider that the U.S. foreign aid budget is 30 billion, yes, we could make a major contribution to reducing global poverty, start to deal much better with some of the other big environmental problems that the world faces. So I think we could solve a lot of problems.
Peter Singer
- Born: July 6, 1946
- Occupation: Philosopher
- Cite this Page: Citation

subset: commoncrawl


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Georgia Men's Waterproof Steel Toe Romeo Casual Work Boots
Item # 050J59
- Georgia Men's Waterproof Steel Toe Romeo Casual Work Boots
- Item # 050J59
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Additional Information
Product Features & Description
Combination work and combination casual - these shoes go both ways. The style of these shoes is simple and elegant enough to wear paired with jeans and a classic button up for a nice dinner out around town. Though equally, with the construction of durable shoes, these can also be used on the work site with its waterproof construction function and its protective steel toe. The moisture wicking lining will provide continual comfort whether you're standing all day or walking around town.
Style(s): GR530
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(ex: Florence, Positano)
To hold, book, or get pricing for the property.
Relaxing and serene, this villa, made up of 3 apartments, is located in Chianti and is an ideal vacation spot for a family! Situated on a large estate amidst woods, vineyards, and century-old olive groves, this Chianti villa apartment for rent is always picturesque no matter what time of year you come. When you're not spending time in the swimming pool, having a barbecue, or taking advantage of the outdoor pizza oven, this self-catering accommodation in Chianti is in the perfect location to take day trips to San Gimignano, Florence, and Siena!
The farmhouse apartment is located two kilometers from Romita, which features a grocery store. The medieval village of Tavarnelle Val di Pesa, located on the road between Siena and Florence, is four kilometers from the property and dates back to the Roman Ages. In addition to shops, restaurants, and markets, Tavarnelle has a rich heritage and many ancient buildings. Each July, a summer festival is held featuring live music and theater shows as well as markets offering tastes of local recipes and dishes. San Gimignano is also great place to go for a day trip. As one of the most visited towns in Tuscany, it is known for its rich history dating back to the Etruscan times and is full of life and things to do. Popular attractions include the famous towers, the 12th century Duomo, the People's Palace, and several museums dedicated to artwork and archeology. There are also plenty of wine tasting tours, art galleries, shops, and delicious restaurants. Numerous celebrations and gatherings are held every year including a music festival featuring theater, ballet, and opera performances, and a Medieval Harvest festival where the people of San Gimignano dress up as knights and play medieval games and have tournaments. Naturally, you'll also want to take day trips to the other famous Tuscan cities such as Florence, Siena, and Arezzo.
Nearby Attractions: Romita (grocery store), Tavarnelle Val di Pesa (shops, restaurants, markets, ancient buildings, churches, museum, summer festival), San Gimignano (towers, 12th century Duomo, museums, wine tasting, art galleries, shops, restaurants, annual festivals)
Set in the countryside and surrounded by vineyards and centuries-old olive groves, this villa is in the midst of the beautiful landscape that is the Chianti Classico. The villa is part of a structure that dates back to 1100 and was originally used as a watchtower. Today, it has since been carefully restored and is now comprised of three apartments that are rented together. Outside there is a shared gazebo furnished with a table and chairs, a barbecue, and a wood-burning oven. There is also a swimming pool (16m x 8m), open from the beginning of May to the end of September, which is shared with several other apartments and surrounded by sun loungers. Parking is available within the property grounds.
This villa is comprised of three apartments that are open to each other.
Ground Floor: There are two living and dining rooms, each with a couch (one of which is a sofa bed suitable for one) and a table with chairs. There are also two open kitchens, each equipped with a cook-top, oven, American coffee maker and dishwasher. There is one bedroom and two bathrooms on this floor. The bedroom has a queen-sized bed (160 cm) and each bathroom has a sink, toilet, and shower.
First Floor: There are three bedrooms and three bathrooms on this floor. Each of the three bedrooms has a queen-sized (160 cm) bed and each of the three bathrooms has a sink, toilet, and shower. There is also a single bed in the hallway.
For exact pricing and conditions, click the View Availability button and then click View Pricing and Conditions.
Please note: Official Arrival Times:
* These prices and conditions may change based on your arrival date and length of stay. For exact conditions, please click on the View Availability button, enter your dates, and then click on View Pricing and Conditions.
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Great Villa to rent. We took the entire main house, which can be subdivided into three units. There were two kitchens in the house, and they were able to accomodate a group of 12 with special permission.
Enjoyed Most:
It turned out to be a great location for access to local Tuscan towns and villages, as well as Florence, Pisa, and other larger Cities.
Enjoyed Least:
The Air Conditioning was not able to keep up with the heat. Fortunately the nights cooled down and the Villa has plenty of fans, pretty much one for each bed, and almost each occupant. Tuscany is experiencing a drought right now and the upper floors can get stuffy at night. Windows open and the breezes managed things nicely. If you like "cool" and won't tolerate these previously described machinations, I wouldn't recommend visiting the villa in July, August, or early September. By the way, the place is loaded with some nice fireplaces, if you are planning a fall or winter visit.
Surrounding Area:
Olive goves, vinyards, small medieval towns. Access to Tuscany by the nearby Florence-Siena highway.
Nearby Events or Locales:
No town is within walking distance. This is a nice, remote villa.
Tips or Restaurants:
The villa had pretty much everything we needed. The pool was well maintained and there is someone on site most days. Great restaurants abound. Can't call out any one indivudal place, but the restaurant you pass on your way to the property was local, nearby, and great!
Lloyd, July
We had a wonderful time. The villa is beautiful, with spectacular views. Our point of contact, Gloria, was very kind and sweet. She even brought us herbs from the villa garden to use for cooking.
Enjoyed Most:
There isn't any one thing that stands out...it was all so perfect! There were six of us at the villa and we had more than enough room to sit back and relax, take walks, or lounge on the patios, by the pool or in the BBQ area. We enjoyed breakfast watching a beautiful sunrise and dinner with spectacular sunsets.
Enjoyed Least:
The only negative is really the road leading to the property. It is very narrow, rocky, and bumpy. And we are extremely grateful that we chose to get a GPS.
Surrounding Area:
The views are spectacular. The vineyards and olive groves and surrounding villas and farmhouses are beautiful. It's peaceful and quiet and very relaxing.
Nearby Events or Locales:
The nearest small town would be within walking distance IF the road was easier to traverse. It is very rocky and narrow and not ideal for long walks. We drove to the market there for some of our groceries, and into Tavernelle di Pesa to shop at the supermarket for the larger items.
Tips or Restaurants:
Future renters should definitely plan to splurge for a GPS. Trying to find the property without one would be much more difficult and time consuming. In addition, the GPS is handy for exploring during your stay...such as finding your way around Florence both by car and on foot.
Definitely use a GPS. And when she tells you to turn right onto that teeny tiny rocky path...LISTEN!
Check In Out:
Be sure to ask how the dishwasher and washing machine work before they leave you to your own devices.
Nancy , September
Very enjoyable. It was our first time in Tuscany so we now understand the attraction. It was a welcome relief from the cities.
Enjoyed Most:
It's size, location, and solitude. The pool was also a great bonus for relaxing after our mornings out.
Enjoyed Least:
Wasps (can't do much about those) and the heat in the upstairs bedrooms (the A/C worked as best it could). The pillows were a bit lumpy. The TV didn't work in the main living room, but we didn't need it anyway.
Nearby Events or Locales:
Tavernelle is a 5 minute drive. It was very handy, especially the up-market Supermarket IN-COOP.
Tips or Restaurants:
It would be good to have a gas-fueled BBQ as we are Australians and chopping wood was not our thing.
We came from Pisa rather than Rome so had to read the directions in reverse. Once we left the main road to Tavernelle we had to ask for directions. In the middle of the day it was OK, but at night it would be challenging.
Check In Out:
Gloria was very friendly and helpful.
Tony, July


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Company Bio
CLAREVILLE DISTINCTIVE KITCHENS & BATHS, has recognized success from the integration of extraordinary aesthetic quality, and expressive characteristics that resonate in unison with our clients aspirations. By virtue of our commitment to exceptional customer service, CLAREVILLE DISTINCTIVE KITCHENS & BATHS, has differentiated itself by becoming a forerunner in this industry, and as a result , has become the natural link for the Sales, Design, Manufacturing, and Installation of fine cabinet furnishings and joinery, to Architects and Contractors alike.
253 Summerlea Road
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Discussion in 'AK Fest 2012' started by ekmanning5, Apr 29, 2012.
Thanks for the pic`s ED! Nice to see those smiling faces.
Wish we would have had a chance to sit down and chat at some length, Ed. Days just seem to go too fast.
Just got back myself also. Did nothing else but got the LE's plugged in and running. Sound great here too, for the very few minutes I ran them.
Tired now and off to bed.
Thanks Ray!
That's so nice. it seems like such a fun time! I'm definitely going to make it some day (once I get out of college and then grad school ).
The Fest is not a big dollar excursion. Lots of ways to do it on the cheap. Just gotta make it a priority.
very true. It's not the money that's the problem actually, it's the fact that the fest usually falls right around the busiest time of the year (end of the semester/finals week)!
but it's definitely at the top of my long term "awesome things I want to do" list
Glad I WASN'T there...It woulda blown the "Nicest People" thing outta the water...I'm a full-blown, full-bore, pure divine, obnoxious, bombastic SOB who doesn't practise good hygene..Or Safe Sex.
There was a gang of HORROR movie fans there that woulda SKOOLED YA!
Gonna try and convince a few of the Chicago guys to host a room next year.
Ed - Thanks for snapping (camera-ing?) and posting all these excellent pics for us. :thmbsp:
AH~~ Sandy at his best...
Pffft ! Liteweights...Posers...Altho it WAS neat to see pics of Berryman at the Fest...Hope he enjoyed himself...I'm sure, given the gracious nature I remembered from the 206 Fest, he was made to feel at home.
><((((º>`·.¸¸.·´¯`·.¸.·´¯`·...¸><((((º>`·.¸¸.·´¯ `· .¸.·´¯`·...¸><((((º>
It was the best of times (the people, the music, and the gear), it was the worst of times (friday night, pulling into the Fest my Cooper bleed out, lost its power steering), it was the age of wisdom (I always learn so much while having fun around really smart people), it was the age of foolishness (certain folks that need no introduction here and were up til like 3:30 AM with sweet music and cocktails), it was epoch...!
thanks Chuck.
Happy (post AK) Listening!
The Fest should be 3 days - 2 days is not enough!
I need to make it up there sometime....thanks for the pics...
Thanks for posting the pics Ed.
Thanks for the pics, Ed! Nice seeing you at the 'Fest again! Having a room at the 'Fest is great when you split it up between two or three people, it lets everyone get out some time to see other parts of the 'Fest. I never manage to see it all, tho every year I always intend to!
great seeing you again!
Did anyone happen to snap a pic of the tall blond with short skirt and the tatoo'd legs? That view was worth a least part of the price of admission! :yes:
><((((º>`·.¸¸.·´¯`·.¸.·´¯`·...¸><((((º>`·.¸¸.·´¯ `· .¸.·´¯`·...¸><((((º>
Wow, missed that, what was I doing?
Happy (post AKFest) Listening!
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Hotels, Bed and Breakfasts (B&Bs), Guest Houses, Pubs and Inns in BANBURY, OXFORDSHIRE
Each establishment listed here has specified that they welcome vegetarians and some may also cater for various other dietary requirements - from food allergies to special diets, gluten-free, wheat-free, dairy-free, nut-free, sugar-free, diabetic and vegan. Please check the description and/or contact the establishment to ensure that they can cater for your own specific needs*
* Please read our Terms & Conditions and Disclaimer
Showing 1 - 1 of 1 Vegetarian and Diet-friendly places in or near Banbury, Oxfordshire, England
The Bell Inn
Banbury, Banbury, Oxfordshire, England [Google Map]
- Amenities: Lock-up facility for bicycles, Restaurant, Non-smoking (throughout), Ironing facilities, Internet access (wireless) in public areas, Bar,
- Parking: Free parking, On-site parking,
- Accessibility: Accessibility information is shown below
Quick facts...
2 rooms, with prices from £60
No ACCESSIBILITY INFORMATION is available at this time.
We are:
- Biker Friendly
- Business Traveller Friendly
- Child & Family friendly
- Cyclist friendly
- Dog / Pet friendly
- Solo Traveller friendly
- Vegetarian & Diet-friendly
- Walker friendly
SPECIAL NOTE re Dogs/Pets: If you are taking a dog/pet with you please mention this in the special requests box during the online booking process to alert the accommodation provider. They can then allocate a pet-friendly room to you or contact you to let you know if none are available for your dates of travel.Address: High Street, Adderbury, Banbury, Banbury, Oxfordshire OX17 3LS England


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This week I was lucky enough to stay a night at Braemar Lodge just out of Hamner. With warm temperatures, great company and a facial to die for - the Mountains looked after me again.
And the road trip was superb - passing icons like this tea-room that was serving amazing coffee and fresh West Coast whitebait sandwiches for $9.
And of course, no trip north is complete without stopping off to see Al and Digby hard at work at Black Estate. The shoots and vines are growing like weeds! The greens of the surrounding farms and vineyards, so vibrant.


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text: 17 Dec Important Points That You Should Note When You Are Choosing a Dissertation Editing Service If you are looking for a business that can help you with the proofreading and the editing, you need to make sure that you have selected a dissertation editor for the task at hand. When you are choosing; it is paramount to warrant that you get the best. If you have a dissertation that is concise and well documented, then you will find that the board will accept your thesis. Start by finding out if the company you want to hire has the qualification that is needed to do this job. If you want to


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Edward M.
I got a 35 on my ACT and I can help you!
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ENGLAND'S most famous hangman will be brought to life in a new play.
The Dukes first co-production of 2013, Pierrepoint: The Hangman's Tale, set in 1957, follows the resignation of former Southport resident Albert Pierrepoint, one of the country's longest standing executioners. His career, which lasted more than 25 years, saw him execute more than 400 men and women, including Ruth Ellis, William Joyce (Lord Haw Haw), and more than 200 war criminals.
Unofficially known as 'The Official Executioner', Pierrepoint was famed for his work carrying out executions in prisons nationwide. However, The Dukes production also explores Pierrepoint's double life, in which he, and wife Anne ran several Lancashire pubs. The couple first took over Help the Poor Struggler near Oldham, before they moved to The Rose and Crown in Much Hoole, outside Preston.
Pierrepoint, who retired to Southport in 1992, famously campaigned for the abolition of the death penalty, due to his belief that it failed to deter criminals.
Playwright and former crime reporter Peter Harrison became fascinated by Pierrepoint's life and work after witnessing a court case in which the accused was to later become one of the hangman's victims. It was not only his work as an executioner, but Pierrepoint's motivation to continue this work despite running several pubs that drew Harrison to his story.
He said: "I was interested in the motivation which sustained Albert for so many years through so many executions. As a publican in Lancashire, he was known for his genial personality. Albert's other job was never mentioned though. If there came a night when he was not serving in the bar, customers would know where he probably was."
Set to offer the audience a unique and personal view into the work of Pierrepoint and others like him, Pierrepoint: The Hangman's Tale, will show at The Lancaster Theatre. The theatre is a seemingly appropriate venue as Lancaster is also known as, 'The Hanging Town', as more people were sentenced to hang than anywhere else in England, except at the Old Bailey.
The lead role of Albert Pierrepoint will be played by actor Martin Oldfield, who first portrayed the character in the shows debut at The Edinburgh Assembly Rooms in 2008, and again in Edinburgh in 2012.
A number of events are due to take place to coincide with the play, which will run from January 31 to February 23, including an exhibition examining personal facts, and stories behind Pierrepoint's trade at The Dukes Gallery.
For more details on the show, contact The Dukes box office on 01524 598500, or visit www.dukes-lancaster.org


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What You'll Get
If left to its own devices, a house will forswear bathing, fill its interior with half-chewed Doritos, and refuse to clean up after its dust bunnies. Show your home who's boss with today's Groupon to A Green Kleaners. Choose from the following options:
- For $55, you get three hours of organic deep cleaning (up to a $180 value).
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- For $149, you get three three-hour organic deep-cleaning sessions (up to a $540 value).
- For $199, you get four three-hour organic deep-cleaning sessions (up to a $720 value).<p>
Groupon users can also receive 15% off their next cleaning session. Click here for valid service areas.
The Green Clean Institute–certified crew at A Green Kleaners scrubs down domiciles with an arsenal of services, nontoxic, eco-friendly cleaning supplies from Green Seal–certified brands, and HEPA-filter vacuums. During each three-hour visit, a professional grime fighter gets to work dusting cobweb-filled corners, mopping grimy floors, and scouring dirty dishes. On top of tackling traditional housekeeping in bathrooms and kitchens, the crew also helps with garage organization, patio cleaning, and making sure children are watered and get plenty of sunlight.
Though A Green Kleaners sometimes features a discounted price online, this Groupon still offers the best deal available.
The Fine Print
Promotional value expires May 30, 2012. Amount paid never expires. Limit 1/person, may buy 4 more as gifts. Limit 1/visit. Valid only for option purchased. Appointment required 7 days in advance. 24hr cancellation notice required. New clients only. Extra fee for post-construction clean-up or moving in/out. Valid only for select service areas. Merchant is solely responsible to purchasers for the care and quality of the advertised goods and services.


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Hey all,
Here I am with another beautiful tutorial & review for a great dewy PHOTOREADY range from Revlon for you! It is extremely easy to use & you can now dare to go bare with a sun-kissed glow!
The look consists of in all 6 products –
1. The Revlon Photo Ready Air brush Effect Base (@1100) – SHELL
– It has a great medium finish with no pores or blemishes visible after application. Contains SPF20. It has a soft luminous effect on the skin and so it is very important that you test the shades on your skin first.
– For people looking for only matte finish, it is advised to use the Finishing powder over it and not the Illuminator.
USAGE – Take a dab on your back of the palm (1 plunge). Use a foundation brush or your fingers to apply. Even out.
2. The Revlon Photo Ready Finishing Powder (@1100) – Light to Medium
– Please be careful to choose the right shade here as it can help get a great finish on your face only if you select the correct one.
USAGE – After the air brush Make up, use the powder evenly on the face & neck covering evenly. Do not put a lot of quantity or cake up as it may hide the satin pearl finish of the base.
You can use the brush which comes with the product or your own as well.
TIP – Make sure you let it stay for a little while (10-15 mins) on your skin as the base make up always settles down and adopt the skin color.
Once the base is done & settled for a few mins. Head to the finishing elements –
3. The Revlon Photo Ready Skinlights Illuminator (@950) – Pink Light
USAGE – Use it for the dewy sun kissed effect on the skin. It will give a pearl shimmer to your cheeks & high points as upper brow line, nose & chin. Photochromatic pigments bend and reflect light to diffuse and minimize flaws. Use a brush to apply for better application. Use it only on the high notes & not overall the face as it will reflect a lot of shimmer.
4. The Revlon Highlighting Palette (@950) – Rose Glow
Starting from the upper most color in palette to be 1 & the last to be 5
– Use no 2, over the eyelids with an applicator very softly with little color.
– Use no 1. over the brow line for highlight & towards the inner corner of eyes.
– Use no 4, under the eyes very finely so it gives the extra soft finish.
– Use no 3, apply from outward to inward direction for a soft bronze.
TIP – Choose the highlighting palette according to the occasion or your skin tone. Basically what look would you like to achieve. Choose Bronze for a tanned or super contoured look. Peach is a good option for the very fair skin tone. Pink Glow is great too for very fair & yellow toned skin with blush effect.
– I have tried to get a Pink Glow here as I have light yellowish/fair skin. It looks very natural & I do not look pale after putting the make up. The pink highlights are well balanced for a very minimal pink glow on the cheeks/eyes!
– Take a fairly good quantity & apply twice for more color. It has a light coverage & might just give a hint of soft color on first application.
– You can use them on your cheeks & highlighting areas if you are not using an Illuminator or also if you're using an illuminator in Peach & would like a little pink blush glow.
5. Revlon ColorStay™ One Stroke Defining Eye Liner (@675) – Black
You can use the liner before applying the highlighting colors over eyes, in case you are not confident of that you will be applying the eye shadows correctly at the first, use the liner later. It will help define the eyes.
Best thing about the products is – its not too dry or greasy for the eyes. Perfect matt finish with great gliding application for a winged or subtle liner.
TIP – You can use light brown eye pencil on the lower eye lids for more definition.
6. Revlon Ultra HD™ Lip Lacquer(@850) – Sunstone
Awesome color with little glitter! Perfect for a great finish yet flirty look. Completes the look.
TIP – Always use the concealer or base on your lip first. It helps get the true color of the lipstick/liner etc.
This Photoready Dare to Bare Look or you may also call it a nude look with sun kissed feel is not only good for the day outs, brunching or the regular office day but also is great for a red carpet event. It is perfect for a dainty night with your favorite lace dress.
Complete the look with French Manicured nails for a total natural radiant look. Keep it simple, keep it classy!
Super easy & super photogenic! This is the age of radiance & illumination.
Products available in major MBO's & exclusive outlets PAN India
Hope you guys loved the look. Do send in your comments & feedback. If you have tried any of these products do share your experiences with me here.
Happy reading
PS – The pictures have not been retouched for the actual look of the make up.
Credits –
Products – Revlon India
Knit Dress – StealNoire.com


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Arch W. Keyser
CHAMBERSBURG, Pa. - Arch W. Keyser, 84, of 3839 Warm Spring Road, died Sunday, Nov. 2, 2003, at his home.
Born April 3, 1919, near Dutchtown, Pa., he was the son of the late John D. and Mary Kate Lininger Keyser.
His wife, Charlotte L. McCleary Keyser, died Sept. 23, 2000. They were married Aug. 19, 1949.
He was a 1937 graduate of Lemasters High School.
Prior to retirement in 1973, he was a supervisor for Jerr-Dan Truck Manufacturing in State Line, Pa.
He served in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War II as a radio technician.
He was a member of State Line Methodist Church.
He was a member of Eagles Club, Waynesboro, Pa.; and Harry Lackhove American Legion Post 517, Mercersburg, Pa.
He is survived by one daughter, Sondra Keyser of Chambersburg; and two nieces.
He was preceded in death by four sisters, Vergin Mary Keyser, Martha J. Keyser, Gladys Keyser and Dorothy Keyser; and five brothers, George R. Keyser, Harry D. Keyser, John W. Keyser, David Keyser and Leslie Keyser.


text: You can download 3DStudio MAX ver.8 (*.max) files of Halloween Jack O Lantern Character Rigged 3D model from www.exchange3d.com. Direct link to the 3D model: Exchange3D media store More details: Halloween Pumpkin character fully rigged made with 3D Studio Max v8. The model is fully rigged and skinned in max version and very easy to animate The texture is only used for reflection. The scene in max version is exactly the same than the presentation picture with lights effect Available in the following formats: Max v8, 3ds, Obj, Fbx, Lwo Materials and texture are included into archive. . The model preview:


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PartsAir FiltersBatteriesBearings, Bushings & SealsBodyBrakesCables and LinesCarburetors, Jets, Repair KitsChains, Guides & TensionersClutches & FlywheelsElectricalEngines, Parts & UpgradesExhaust Systems & MufflersFuel / Gas / Oil SystemsGasketsGrips / Throttle AssembliesHandle Bars, Clamps, Crash PlatesHardwareIntakes / ManifoldsLevers & ShiftersLights and Light BulbsPromo MaterialRadiators and CapsShocksSprocketsTie Rods / Ball JointsTires / Rims / TubesTools
Intake - 15mm, 2 Stroke, Plastic
- This 15mm plastic intake manifold set is designed to fit almost any 2-stroke ATV, Dirt Bike, Pocket Bike, & Mini Quad up to 49cc. Also used for some 2-stroke scooters and smaller buggies/go-karts. Opening is 15.4mm and carburetor mounting holes are 31mm apart centre to centre. The mounting holes are 39mm apart centre to centre.
|Product Specifications
|Manifold Inner Diameter
|15.4 mm
|Mounting Centre to Centre (offset)
|31 mm
These categories serve as labels for sorting products. See our FAQ for more details.


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Before we get started, I need some additional information from you. This way, I can give you a more accurate quote. I'll also have a better understanding of what you're looking for.
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assignment help service uk for DummiesIf you want to transfer a professional house lease to a different enterprise tenant in the course of the set term, Web Lawman delivers an arrangement to assign a lease.
Our on the internet toolkit will help you to take into consideration how you can use many different electronic resources efficiently to obtain this, in addition to investigating the importance of on the internet etiquette and online protection.
Presentation necessities, like pagination, layout, type and shade of paper, utilization of acid-free of charge paper (exactly where a copy in the dissertation will turn into a long term Section of the library assortment), paper measurement, order of factors, and citation design, is going to be checked page by page from the accepting officer before the thesis is accepted in addition to a receipt is issued.
At most North American institutions the latter two verdicts are very unusual, for 2 causes. Initially, to get the status of doctoral candidates, graduate students usually produce a qualifying evaluation or extensive examination, which often includes an oral protection. Pupils who go the qualifying evaluation are deemed effective at finishing scholarly function independently and so are allowed to move forward with engaged on a dissertation. Next, since the thesis supervisor (and another customers of your advisory committee) will Generally have reviewed the thesis thoroughly prior to recommending the student commence into the defense, such an final result would be regarded as A significant failure don't just around the Element of the prospect but in addition with the applicant's supervisor (who ought to have acknowledged the substandard top quality in the dissertation prolonged prior to the defense was permitted to occur).
The essential complexity or quality of study of a thesis or dissertation will vary by country, College, or software, plus the expected minimal examine time period might Hence change appreciably in duration.
The thesis is unacceptable along with the prospect need to withdraw from the program. This verdict is specified only in the event the thesis needs main revisions and when the evaluation makes it distinct that the candidate is incapable of constructing these types of revisions.
At AssignmentLand.co.British isles, we're below to serve you, not only while in the Qualified manner which happens to be demanded by your teachers, but additionally to supply you with each and every probable help so that you can make you have an understanding of the basis see this site for top a winning career, both academically and skillfully.
David Winks Grey's article "The essay film in action" states the "essay movie grew to become an identifiable type of filmmaking during the 1950s and '60s". He states that due to the fact that time, essay films have tended to be "on the margins" in the filmmaking the entire world. Essay films have a "peculiar browsing, questioning tone ... among documentary and fiction" but without the need of "fitting comfortably" into possibly style.
Commonly just one of such examiners might be from within the candidate's have Office; the other(s) will usually be from other universities and often from abroad. Next submission on the thesis, copies are despatched by mail to examiners then studies sent again on the institution.
A thesis or dissertation[one] can be a doc submitted in help of candidature for a tutorial diploma or professional qualification presenting the creator's investigation and conclusions.[two] In some contexts, the word "thesis" or even a cognate is employed for A part of a bachelor's or master's class, though "dissertation" is Generally applied to a doctorate, when in other contexts, the reverse is genuine.
This form Rewards from presenting a broader point of view when countering a possible flaw that some may current. This kind is typically called an ethics paper.[eleven]
In Germany, a thesis is normally examined with the oral evaluation. This is applicable to Just about all Diplom, Magister, master's and doctoral degrees along with to most bachelor's degrees. Even so, a method which allows for revisions in the thesis is normally only implemented for doctoral levels.
In a few U.S. doctoral systems, the "dissertation" usually takes up the foremost Component of the student's complete time spent (coupled with two or a few decades of courses), and may just take several years of total-time get the job done to finish.
In Pakistan, at undergraduate level the thesis is frequently referred to as closing 12 months venture, as it's accomplished from the senior 12 months of the degree, the name challenge ordinarily implies the function carried out is much less in depth than a thesis and bears lesser credit score hrs as well. The undergraduate stage challenge is introduced through an elaborate created report as well as a presentation for the advisor, a board of college members and college students. At graduate level on the other hand, i.e. in MS, some universities make it possible for learners to accomplish a project of six credits or simply a thesis of nine credits, a minimum of 1 publication [citation necessary] is Usually deemed enough for that awarding in the degree with job and is taken into account obligatory for your awarding of the degree with thesis.


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haunted dorset
3 Haunted Roads in Dorset05/12/2017 | Stewart
De Mauley Road
You'll find De Mauley Road located in the Canford Cliffs area of Poole.
The road has a ghostly tale to tell…
One dark winter's morning, one of its residents was leaving his house to go and collect … Read More
3 Haunted Museums in Dorset05/12/2017 | Stewart
The Dorset County Museum, Dorchester
You'll find the Dorset County Museum located on High West Street in Dorchester.
The neo-Gothic style building dates back to 1881.
It was built on the site of a former pub called the George Inn … Read More
3 Haunted Halls in Dorset05/12/2017 | Stewart
Bournemouth Town Hall
You'll find Bournemouth Town Hall situated along Bourne Avenue.
The Grade II listed building dates back to 1885 when it started life out as the Mont Dore Hotel.
During and after the First World War the hotel … Read More
3 Haunted Churches in Dorset04/12/2017 | Stewart
St Mary's Church, Beaminster
You'll find St Mary's Church situated along Church Street in Beaminster.
Parts of the Grade I listed church date back to the 13th century.
St Mary's was said to be haunted by the ghost of a … Read More
3 Haunted Castles in Dorset03/12/2017 | Stewart
Lulworth Castle
You'll find Lulworth Castle situated in the village East Lulworth.
The mock castle dates back to 1609 when it was first built as a hunting lodge for Thomas Howard, 3rd Viscount Howard of Bindon.
Today, the castle is … Read More
3 Haunted Pubs in Weymouth02/12/2017 | Stewart
The Duke of Albany
You'll find the Duke of Albany pub on Park Street.
The Grade II listed pub dates back to the early 19th century.
The pub is reputed to be haunted with witnesses seeing glasses lift themselves off … Read More
3 Haunted Places in Weymouth01/12/2017 | Stewart
Nothe Fort
The Grade II* listed fort dates back to 1872 when it was first built to protect Portland and Weymouth harbours from coastal attack.
The fort was used during the Second World War but was abandoned in 1956.
It's … Read More
3 Haunted Places on the Isle of Portland30/11/2017 | Stewart
The Heights Hotel
The hotel has stunning panoramic views over Chesil Beach, Lyme Bay and Portland Harbour.
The Heights is a very modern hotel so you may be surprised to discover that it's reputed to be haunted.
Spooked guests have … Read More
Haunted: Lulworth Cove, West Lulworth, Dorset29/11/2017 | Stewart
The Haunting of Lulworth Cove
You'll find Lulworth Cove situated on the Jurassic Coast World Heritage site near to the village of West Lulworth in Dorset.
The cove is said to be haunted by a group of ghostly young people … Read More
Haunted: Lulworth Castle, East Lulworth, Dorset28/11/2017 | Stewart
The Haunting of Lulworth Castle
You'll find Lulworth Castle situated in the Dorset village of East Lulworth.
The mock castle dates back to 1609 when it was first built as a hunting lodge for Thomas Howard, 3rd Viscount Howard of … Read More


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Whether it is to keep in touch with friends and family, communicate with colleagues and business contacts or access the internet and social media, a mobile phone has turned into a daily essential. Just like any other electronic device there are new models of mobiles that come into the market every other day. If you are planning to get a new mobile, check out these top selling mobile phones in India.
Best selling Android Smartphone in India (July 2016)
Moto X Force
Moto X Force is a flagship phone from Motorola with a beautiful design. The nylon back offers a good grip and is scratch resistant. The intensity of colors and brightness offered by the waterproof 5.4 inch display is the best. The key feature of this mobile is the shatterproof display that makes it durable. The octacore Snapdragon 810 processor with 3GB RAM is more than enough to run apps and play 3D games. The TurboPower technology gets the battery charge to last 8 hours with just 15 minutes of charging.
LeEco Le 1S
LeEco Le 1S is one of the top-selling phones in online stores. Over 200,000 Le 1S phones were sold in a month breaking the record of most other mobile brands. Launched in January 2016, the phone has a 5.5 inch display, stunning metal body and good camera .The processor is Helio X10 and has a 3GB RAM. The internal storage space is 32GB and there is no expandable storage facility. The mobile supports 4G technology and considering the features that it packs in it is extremely affordable.
Lenovo Vibe K4 Note
Lenovo Vibe K4 Note is an excellent option to consider if you are looking for a phone to view virtual reality content. The 5.5 inch full HD screen with an extended Gorilla Glass cover has a sophisticated look. The storage is expandable to 128GB, there is a 3GB RAM and the phone supports 4G connectivity. Powered by a MediaTek MT6753 processor the phone supports gaming and comes with an accurate finger print sensor. This mobile is compatible with the ANT VR headset making it one of the most affordable devices with VR compatibility.
Samsung Galaxy S7
Samsung Galaxy S7 is one of the hottest phones in the market currently. With a 5.1 inch Super AMOLED display, curved glass at the front and thin metal frame this mobile is a stunner. It is resistant to dust and water. The always-on display and great battery life are attractive features. If you are looking for a top-end Android phone and willing to pay the price, the Galaxy S7 with its Exynos 8890 octacore processor and 4GB RAMis one of the fastest phones today. This mobile is available on leading e commerce website flipkart, snapdeal, amazon, tatacliq, ebay and more that offer extra discount on mobile phone.
Xiaomi Redmi Note 3
Xiaomi Redmi Note 3 has a premium look with a smooth matte finish. The 5.5 inch display has a scratch resistant layer and scores high on design and aesthetics. The Qualcomm Snapdragon 650 SoC processor offers quality performance and the fingerprint sensor can detect up to 5 fingerprints. The 16GB variant comes with a 2GB RAM and on the 32GB variant the RAM is upgraded to 3GB. The battery life is excellent.
As technology changes it becomes essential to either upgrade or get ourselves a new mobile. Isn't it time you shop for a new mobile?


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The Triatomine bug, that happen to be alternatively known as kissing bugs and therefore are identified to hold the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which often can induce Chagas disease according to the Centers for Illness Handle and Prevention, are already spotted in many states. The CDC reviews that, whether or not anyone is bitten by an contaminated bug, the chances of contracting the condition are very low.
Fabric pest are drawn to apparel, carpets along with other items fabricated from cloth or fibers which the insects can comsume for foodstuff. The most important stored product or service pest and fabric pest are all both moths ot beetles, plus they endure entire metamorphosis.
A creature of magnificence and regal splendor, the dragon continues to be Among the most legendary fantasy beasts of legend. The Black Dragon Head Pedestal Statue can make a dramatic way for showing off your enjoy of fantasy designs.
Mourning jewellery has been around due to the fact a minimum of the sixteenth century, but it is greatly linked to the Victorian Era, when mass manufacturing designed it very affordable.
Enthusiasts of your Zodiac and fantasy creatures will find an ideal blend of their interests in this article from the Aquarius Jewel Little one Dragon Statue! This dragon figure retains an ornate faux jewel before itself with its entrance limbs.
Its fury grows mainly because it stays trapped from the underground cavern, raging against the chains that bind it. The Black Chained Dragon Statue shows a detailed fantasy beast because it futilely spreads its wings for flight.
The larvae feed and crawl all-around for eight to 15 days ahead of making small, silken cocoons during which they pupate and produce into adults. Debris, for instance pet hair or pores and skin or carpet fibers, ordinarily covers the pupae, supplying visual camouflage.
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Earwigs - are 1/2 - 3/four" extensive and reddish brown to black which has a pincher like appendages within the idea on the abdomen. Earwigs are outside insects typically check here present in damp areas, such as less than mulch, useless leaves, logs, and piles of firewood, boards, stones together with other particles or in rotted wood exactly where they feed on moist, decaying plant materials.
I don't think I might go get complete new kitchen containers--can you merely slip a zip-lock plastic luggage into Every single container, and seal Individuals?
xenolith fragment of extraneous rock embedded in magma or another rock I hope you have discovered This web site to generally be helpful. When you've got any corrections, additions, or comments, make sure you Get hold of me.
Brown Recluse Spider - Is light-weight brown with a particular fiddle - formed mark on its again head. It's really a extensive - legged spiders by using a human body about 1/2". The brown recluse remains secluded throughout day, rising during the night time to find insect prey. Bites are uncommon, but ought to always seek professional medical notice when bitten. The brown recluse spider is nicknamed the fiddleback or violin spider as a result of distinct dim violin-shaped marking on top of the front system portion.
Blacklegged Tick, also called the Deer Tick - All a few active phases of the blacklegged / deer tick will feed on many different hosts together with individuals. Following the eggs hatch in the spring, the really little larvae feed primarily on white-footed mice or other smaller mammals. The following spring, the larvae molt into pinhead-sized, brown nymphs that may feed on mice, larger sized warm-blooded animals and folks.
The males are really harmless, having said that, considering the fact that they absence stingers. Woman carpenter bees can inflict a painful sting but seldom will Unless of course They may be taken care of or molested. Carpenter bees overwinter as Older people in wood inside of deserted nest tunnels. They arise in the spring, commonly in April or May well. Immediately after mating, the fertilized ladies excavate tunnels in Wooden and lay their eggs in a number of smaller cells. The cells are provisioned that has a ball of pollen on which the larvae feed, rising as Grownups in late summer time. The entrance gap and tunnels are correctly spherical and with regards to the diameter of your respective finger. Coarse sawdust the color of new Lower Wooden will usually be present beneath the entry gap, and burrowing Appears can be listened to from within the Wooden. Woman carpenter bees may excavate new tunnels for egglaying, or enlarge and reuse aged types. The extent of damage to Wooden which has been used for nesting yr following year may very well be appreciable.
- 548 Visitors


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This exclusive edition Acrylic Glass Print, designed by Antonio Jesús Linares Román, comes with a numbered and signed certificate of authenticity. Printed on archival-quality photo paper mounted on the back of a 1/8" thick, clear acrylic substrate, this artwork comes ready to hang on a wire attached to a wooden frame fixed on the back.
Geisha made by linocut
Jaen, Spain


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We had so much fun collecting insects wherever we went during this unit! We took our nets and jar with us whenever we drove anywhere, and we took several field trips specifically to search for insects in different habitats. The beautiful Fall weather made this the perfect time to enjoy being outside and insect-hunting! We ended up letting lots of insects free after catching them, since we only really wanted one of most things for our collection. Sometimes the children made little "homes" for the insects in boxes and jars so they could observe them for a few days before letting them go. So fun.
You can see our finished (at least for now) insect collection in this post. There are also details on what collecting supplies we used.
By the creek—there were so many dragonflies and damselflies here! And they are FAST!
Millcreek Canyon
Silver Lake
North shore of the Great Salt Lake, near the Spiral Jetty. This was a really strange and interesting place because there was a whole line of dead insects, preserved in the salt flats around the lake. We found HUNDREDS of dead ladybugs, and lots of beetles and praying mantises and grasshoppers and other things too. It was really fascinating. We weren't sure why there were so many: maybe they were insects from all over the lake that had died while drinking the salt water, and then they all washed ashore here?
Millcreek Canyon, again
American Fork Canyon—getting a little schoolwork done as well! :)