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ATTORNEY GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 33 CAPITOL STREET CONCORD, NEW HAMPSHIRE March 20, 2015
- Horace Wilcox
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1 ATTORNEY GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 33 CAPITOL STREET CONCORD, NEW HAMPSHIRE JOSEPH A. FOSTER ATTORNEY GENERAL ANN M. RICE DEPUTY ATTORNEY GENERAL March 20, 2015 To the People of New Hampshire: I am proud to issue this updated Memorandum on New Hampshire s Right-to-Know law, RSA Chapter 91-A. This Memorandum describes the statute and the judicial decisions that further define and explain the peoples right to know. The public s right to know what its government is doing is a fundamental part of New Hampshire s democracy. New Hampshire s Constitution and the Right-to-Know law ensure that the public has reasonable access to meetings of public bodies and to governmental records. When New Hampshire s Constitution was adopted on June 2, 1784, accountability of public servants to the people was established in Part 1, article 8, which reads: All power residing originally in, and being derived from, the people, all the magistrates and officers of government are their substitutes and agents, and at all times accountable to them. In 1976, the people of New Hampshire amended Part 1, article 8 of our Constitution, reinforcing the existence of a right of access to public meetings and records, by adding the following two sentences: Government, therefore, should be open, accessible, accountable, and responsive. To that end, the public s right of access to governmental proceedings and records shall not be unreasonably restricted. An integral part of the constitutional right of access to government is the protection of the freedom of speech and press guaranteed by Part 1, article 22 of the New Hampshire Constitution: Free speech and liberty of the press are essential to the security of freedom in a state: They ought, therefore, to be inviolably preserved. Telephone FAX TDD Access: Relay NH
2 Right-to-Know Law To the People of New Hampshire March 20, 2015 Page 2 of 3 These provisions of our Constitution and RSA Chapter 91-A are intended to provide the utmost information to the people about what their government is doing, while preserving individuals rights to privacy. The New Hampshire Supreme Court has recognized that the Right-to-Know law helps to carry out the Constitution s requirement that access to governmental proceedings and records not be unreasonably restricted. Since the Department last issued its Memorandum, the New Hampshire Legislature has amended the Right-to-Know law in several ways. The law now allows consideration of confidential, commercial, or financial information in nonpublic session. The master jury list is now exempt from the Right-to-Know law. Officers, employees and other officials of a public body or public agency are now subject to a civil penalty of not less than $250 and not more than $2,000 if they are found to have violated the Right-to-Know law in bad faith. Such individuals may now also be required to undergo remedial training at their own expense. This Memorandum has been updated to reflect these amendments to the law and recent court decisions. In an effort to enhance the usefulness of this Memorandum, the appendix includes sample motions for use by public bodies when the members want to go into non-public session, seal non-public minutes, or adjourn to consult with legal counsel. It also includes a sample index for use when a person has requested documents that are exempt from disclosure or contain confidential information. The index can be used to inform the requester of which documents have been withheld and the reason for their non-disclosure. For those interested in municipal government records, the statute that establishes the retention period for municipal records is provided. Finally, the appendix includes a list of statutes, rules, and court cases the designate certain information as confidential or privileged. I strongly recommend that all public officials learn their responsibilities under the Rightto-Know law. It is important for those public officials who use or who maintain government records in electronic form to carefully study the 2008 and 2009 changes to the law relating to electronic records. This Memorandum should be kept easily accessible and be referred to when you are faced with questions on the application of the law. When you are uncertain about the application of the law to a specific circumstance, state officials should consult with my Office, county officials should consult with their County Attorney, and municipal and schools officials should consult with their legal counsel. I am making this Memorandum widely available to the public, the press, New Hampshire s schools, and State and local officials. It will also be posted on the Department s website. Sincerely, # Joseph A. Foster Attorney General
3 ATTORNEY GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 33 CAPITOL STREET CONCORD, NEW HAMPSHIRE JOSEPH A. FOSTER ATTORNEY GENERAL ANN M. RICE DEPUTY ATTORNEY GENERAL March 20, 2015 ATTORNEY GENERAL S MEMORANDUM ON NEW HAMPSHIRE S RIGHT- TO- KNOW LAW, RSA CHAPTER 91-A Telephone FAX TDD Access: Relay NH
4 i TABLE OF CONTENTS I. DEFINITIONS... 1 II. BODIES AND AGENCIES SUBJECT TO THE RIGHT-TO-KNOW LAW... 3 A. State Entities Public Bodies... 3 B. State Entities Public Agencies... 4 C. County And Municipal Governments Public Bodies... 4 D. County And Municipal Government Public Agencies... 5 III. ENTITIES NOT SUBJECT TO THE RIGHT-TO-KNOW LAW... 6 IV. MEETINGS... 7 A. What Constitutes a Meeting of a Public Body?... 7 B. Not a Meeting... 8 C. Notice RSA 91-A: Regular Notice Emergency Notice Procedure Notice of Legislative Meetings Broader Access Effect of Failure to Observe Notice Requirements D. Meeting Procedures Member Participation and Attendance at Meetings Basic Meeting Requirements Emergency Meetings Characteristics of Non-Public Sessions V. GOVERNMENTAL RECORDS A. What is a Governmental Record? B. Examples of Governmental Records Required to be Disclosed C. Examples of Electronic Governmental Records Required to be Disclosed D. A Public Body s Duty to Maintain Electronic Records E. Settlements of Lawsuits by Municipalities F. Exemptions From Disclosure G. Other Exceptions to Disclosure H. Law Enforcement Investigative Files I. Guidance In Producing Law Enforcement Investigative Records Interference with Law Enforcement Proceedings Accused s Right to a Fair Trial Unwarranted Invasion of Privacy Confidential Source Investigative Techniques and Procedures Endangering Life or Physical Safety of Any Person... 35
5 ii J. Burden of Proof for Not Disclosing a Governmental Record K. Public Inspection of Governmental Records RSA 91-A:4, IV L. Other Considerations of Public Inspection of Governmental Records M. FOIA- The Federal Freedom of Information Act VI. REMEDIES A. Injunctive Relief RSA 91-A: B. Attorney s Fees and Costs RSA 91-A: C. Invalidation of Agency Action D. Sanctions E. Destruction of Records VII. COURT RECORDS A. The Right-To-Know Law Does Not Apply to Court Records B. Sealed Court Records INDEX TABLE OF AUTHORITIES APPENDIX A RSA Chapter 91-A APPENDIX B - Model Non-Public Session/Legal Consultation Procedures/Motions APPENDIX C - Right-to-Know Request Index of Fully Redacted Pages APPENDIX D - RSA Chapter 33-A Disposition Of Municipal Records APPENDIX E Model State RFP Public Disclosure Language APPENDIX F New Hampshire Statute, Court Decisions, and Court Rules Making Information Confidential or Non-public... 96
6 This Memorandum cites to both New Hampshire Supreme Court opinions and Superior Court orders. Unlike New Hampshire Supreme Court opinions, Superior Court orders and decisions are not binding precedent. Instead, such decisions and orders may be persuasive authority for courts when analyzing RSA 91-A issues. At the least, these cases provide guidance to state and municipal agencies, public bodies and employees. iii
7 RIGHT-TO-KNOW LAW MEMORANDUM Openness in the conduct of public business is essential to a democratic society. The purpose of this chapter is to ensure both the greatest possible public access to the actions, discussions and records of all public bodies, and their accountability to the people. RSA 91-A:1. The Supreme Court resolve[s] questions regarding the [Right-to-Know] law with a view to providing the utmost information in order to best effectuate the statutory and constitutional objective of facilitating access to all public documents. WMUR v. N.H. Dept. of Fish and Game, 154 N.H. 46 (2006) (quoting Goode v. N.H. Legislative Budget Assistant, 148 N.H. 551, 553 (2002)). The public s right of access to governmental proceedings... is not absolute.... It must yield to reasonable restrictions. Hughes v. Speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, 152 N.H. 276, 290 (2005) (citing Petition of Union Leader, 147 N.H. 603, (2002); N.H. Const. Pt. I, art. 8). I. DEFINITIONS The following definitions apply to the Right-to-Know law: Advisory committee means any committee, council, commission, or other like body whose primary purpose is to consider an issue or issues designated by the appointing authority so as to provide such authority with advice or recommendations concerning the formulation of any public policy or legislation that may be promoted, modified, or opposed by such authority. RSA 91-A:1-a (I). Governmental proceedings means the transaction of any functions affecting any or all citizens of the state by a public body. RSA 91-A:1-a (II). Governmental records means any information created, accepted, or obtained by, or on behalf of, any public body, or a quorum or majority thereof, or any public agency in furtherance of its official function. Without limiting the foregoing, the term governmental records includes any written communication or other information, whether in paper, electronic, or other physical form, received by a quorum or majority of a public body in furtherance of its official function, whether at a meeting or outside a meeting of the body. The term governmental records shall also include the term public records. RSA 91-A:1-a (III). Information means knowledge, opinions, facts, or data of any kind and in whatever physical form kept or maintained, including, but not limited to, written, aural, visual, electronic, or other physical form. RSA 91-A:1-a (IV). Public agency means any agency, authority, department, or office of the state or of any county, town, municipal corporation, school district, school administrative unit, charter school, or other political subdivision. RSA 91-A:1-a (V). Other political subdivisions include entities like village districts and water precincts, which are public agencies under the Right-to-Know law. 1
8 Public body means any of the following: (a) The general court, including executive sessions of committees, and including any advisory committee established by the general court. (b) The executive council and the governor with the executive council, including any advisory committee established by the governor by executive order or by the executive council. (c) Any board or commission of any state agency or authority, including the board of trustees of the university system of New Hampshire and any committee, advisory or otherwise, established by such entities. (d) Any legislative body, governing body, board, commission, committee, agency, or authority, of any county, town, municipal corporation, school district, school administrative unit, charter school, or other political subdivision, or any committee, subcommittee, or subordinate body thereof, or advisory committee thereto. (e) Any corporation that has as its sole member the State of New Hampshire, any county, town, municipal corporation, school district, school administrative unit, village district, or other political subdivision, and that is determined by the Internal Revenue Service to be a tax exempt organization pursuant to section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. RSA 91-A:1-a (VI). 2
9 II. BODIES AND AGENCIES SUBJECT TO THE RIGHT-TO-KNOW LAW The Right-to-Know law establishes a person s right of access to meetings of public bodies and to the records of public bodies and public agencies. The Right-to-Know law applies to all boards, commissions, agencies, authorities, committees, subcommittees, subordinate bodies or advisory committees of all political subdivisions of the State, including, but not limited to, counties, towns, municipal corporations, village districts, school districts, school administrative units, and charter schools. RSA 91-A:l-a, VI(d); see Selkowe v. Bean, 109 N.H. 247 (1968) (pertaining to meetings of the Keene Municipal Finance Committee). In determining what access is available, the initial inquiry must be whether the body or agency involved is subject to the Right-to-Know law. The Right-to-Know law applies to the following public bodies: A. State Entities Public Bodies 1. The New Hampshire Senate and House of Representatives, including executive sessions of committees. (Note: In Hughes v. Speaker of the House, 152 N.H. 276 (2005), the Supreme Court held that a question of whether the Legislature complied with the Right-to-Know law during the legislative process was a political question not subject to the Court s review). 2. Any advisory committee established by the General Court, the Senate or the House. RSA 91-A:l-a, VI(a). 3. The Executive Council and the Governor with the Executive Council, including any advisory committee established by the Governor by executive order 1 or by the Executive Council. RSA 91-A:l-a, VI(b). 4. The Board of Trustees of the University System of New Hampshire, including any advisory committee established by the Board of Trustees. RSA 91-A:l-a, VI(c). 5. Any board or commission of any state agency or authority, including any advisory committee established by any board or commission of any state agency or authority. RSA 91-A:l-a, VI(c). 1 RSA 21-G:11 establishes the procedure a Commissioner should follow in establishing an advisory committee, which requires approval of the Governor and filing with the Secretary of State. Approval by the Governor, unless provided by formal executive order, would not make an advisory committee a public body under this provision. Generally, advisory committees created by public agency officials are not public bodies and are not themselves subject to the Right-to-Know law meeting requirements. However, any information an advisory committee provides to the agency will be subject to the governmental records requirements. In contrast, see RSA 91-A:l-a, VI(c) and 5 above, advisory committees established by a board or commission of a state agency or authority are public bodies subject to the Right-to-Know law meeting and record requirements. 3
10 6. Certain bodies corporate and politic created by statute that have a distinct legal existence and are not a department of the executive branch of state government. E.g., RSA 162-A:3 (Business Finance Authority); RSA chapter 204-C (Housing Finance Authority); 2 RSA chapter 35-A (Municipal Bond Bank); and RSA chapter 12-G (Pease Development Authority). Some of the statutes creating these entities expressly state whether the Right-to Know law applies, but others are silent on this point. Without express statutory language, applicability of the Right-to-Know law will depend on the nature and extent of the governmental functions the entity performs. See generally Professional Firefighters of N.H. v. Healthtrust, Inc., 151 N.H. 501 (2004); Northern New Hampshire Lumber Co. v. New Hampshire Water Resources Board, 56 F. Supp. 177, 180 (D.N.H. 1944). B. State Entities Public Agencies 1. All State executive branch departments and agencies. RSA 91-A:6; Lodge v. Knowlton, 118 N.H. 574 (1978). 2. Several of the bodies corporate and politic created by statute operate through executive directors and bureaucratic structures, which for Right-to-Know law purposes should be treated as a public agency. Consider the example of the Pease Development Authority. While the Board of Directors of the Pease Development Authority is a public body, the Authority itself is a public agency. Likewise, the Division of Ports and Harbors operated by the Pease Development Authority is a public agency. C. County And Municipal 3 Governments Public Bodies 1. The county delegation, the county commissioners, and any committee, subcommittee, or subordinate body or any advisory committee thereto. 2. The board of selectmen, city council, school board, commissioners of a village district, the planning board, conservation commission, zoning board of adjustment, police commission, fire commission, board of fire engineers, budget committee, and any other board, commission, committee or authority including subcommittees, advisory committees, or other subordinate body. 2 The New Hampshire Housing Finance Authority is subject to the Right-to-Know law. While the Authority is a body politic and corporate having a distinct legal existence separate from the executive branch of the State and not constituting a department of the executive branch of state government and many of its day-to-day operations function independently of the State, the Authority performs the essential government function of providing safe and affordable housing to the elderly and low income residents of the State. Union Leader Corp. v. New Hampshire Hous. Fin. Auth., 142 N.H. 540 (1997). 3 In this Memorandum, the term municipal is used in its broadest sense and, except where otherwise indicated, is meant to include towns, cities, school districts, village districts, water and fire precincts, and any other unit of government established pursuant to state law. 4
11 3. Regional planning commissions, joint governing boards or commissions established through intermunicipal agreements, and other similar bodies established pursuant to statute from two or more municipalities. D. County And Municipal Government Public Agencies 1. The county department of corrections, office of the sheriff, county home, human services department and any other agency, authority, department, or office of the county. 2. The police, fire, highway, welfare, water, sewer, recreation, zoning enforcement, and planning departments, the office of the town clerk, tax collector, treasurer, and town/city manager of a town, city, or village district and any other agency, authority, department or office of a town, city, or village district. 4 4 Members of the former Right-to-Know Commission have publicly commented that the inclusion of agency in the definition of a municipal public body was unintended. The Right-to-Know law otherwise distinguishes a public agency from a public body. Generally, public bodies are subject to the open meeting requirements and public agencies are not. Such municipal agencies and authorities are subject to the governmental records requirements of the Right-to-Know law because they fall within the definition of a public agency. The courts have not yet had occasion to interpret whether the existing paragraph imposes public meeting requirements on a municipal agency. Applying public meeting requirements to an agency would be impractical and it is expected a court would find application of the public meeting requirement on a municipal public agency an absurd construction of the statute. Legislation introduced in 2009, House Bill 53, would have removed the words agency and authority from the definition of a municipal public body. House Bill 53 was retained in the House Judiciary Committee and vetoed after passage in the 2010 legislative session. 5
12 III. ENTITIES NOT SUBJECT TO THE RIGHT-TO-KNOW LAW The Right-to-Know law does not apply to the Courts or the judicial branch of government. The Courts are subject to a constitutional requirement of openness that is similar to, but not identical to the Right-to-Know law. Court rules and Supreme Court decisions define the public s constitutional right of access to most court hearings and to certain information held by the courts. See section VII, (Court Records), in this Memorandum. The Right-to-Know law does not apply to most charitable non-profit corporations. However, most charitable organizations are required to file certain information with the State. These filings are public and can be accessed through the Charitable Trusts Unit of the Attorney General s Office. Charitable non-profit corporations that have a government entity as their sole member or non-profit corporations that are composed of units of government and carry out the work of government with public funds are subject to the Right-to-Know law. RSA 91-A:1-a, VI (e); see also Professional Firefighters of N.H. v. Healthtrust, Inc., 151 N.H. 501, 505 (2004) (Court, in determining that the Healthtrust was subject to the Right-to-Know law, considered whether the entity was a public instrumentality, whether it used public funding, whether it performed public and essential governmental functions, enjoyed the tax-exempt status of a public entity or solely benefited governmental entities). 6
13 IV. MEETINGS Public bodies subject to the Right-to-Know law are required to follow certain procedures with respect to the notice and conduct of meetings. RSA 91-A:2; RSA 91-A:3. In most cases, meeting provisions under the Right-to-Know law do not apply to public agencies. Although the meeting provisions do not apply to most of the work an agency does, there may be occasions when an agency is required by statute, rule, ordinance or charter provision to hold a hearing, which may be subject to public notice and meeting requirements. A. What Constitutes a Meeting of a Public Body? 1. A public body holds a meeting when: a. A quorum of the membership of the public body 5 is convened in person so that all members may communicate contemporaneously; and b. The purpose of convening a quorum or a majority of the membership is to discuss or act upon a matter or matters over which the public body has supervision, control, jurisdiction or advisory power. RSA 91-A:2; see also Herron v. Northwood, 111 N.H. 324, (1971) (town budget committee s function of preparing and submitting a budget is subject to the Right-to-Know law and meetings must be held in a manner open to the public). The attendance by a quorum of a municipal board of selectmen or planning board at public informational meetings of the Department of Transportation for the purpose of advising the Department concerning a highway project can constitute a meeting under RSA 91-A:2, I, requiring appropriate notice. Attorney General s Opinion Generally, attendance by a quorum of a public body at a meeting being held by a different public body to discuss or act upon a matter within the first body s jurisdiction should be treated as a meeting for Right-to-Know law purposes by both public bodies. Both bodies should provide notice of the meeting and both bodies should keep minutes, which may be the same document, separately adopted as minutes by both. 2. When members of a public body constituting a quorum find themselves together either coincidently or when gathering for a purpose other than discussing or acting upon a matter or matters over which the public body has supervision, control, jurisdiction or advisory power, communications between the members shall not be used to circumvent the spirit and purpose of the Right-to-Know law. RSA 91-A:2-a, II. The convening of a quorum of a public body that does not have a purpose to discuss or act on business, could easily constitute a meeting. 5 In the absence of specific language to the contrary, a quorum is defined as a majority of the membership of the public body. See RSA 21:15. Some statutes specifically define a quorum, in which case the specific statutory quorum requirement will control. 7
14 Therefore, it is very important to limit any conversation or other communication about the business of the public body. It is explicitly improper to deliberate or act on any business of the public body. RSA 91-A:2-a, II. 3. use should be carefully limited to avoid an inadvertent meeting, albeit one where there is a failure to have a physical quorum at a noticed meeting place. Simultaneous s sent to a quorum of a public body by a member discussing, proposing action on, or announcing how one will vote on a matter within the jurisdiction of the body would constitute an improper meeting. Sequential communications among members of a public body similarly should not be used to circumvent the public meeting requirement. For example, among a quorum of members of a public body in a manner that does not constitute contemporaneous discussion or deliberation and does not involve matters over which the body has supervision, control, jurisdiction, or advisory power does not technically constitute a meeting under the Right-to-Know law. discussions of a quorum concerning matters over which the public body has supervision, control, jurisdiction, or advisory power would run counter to its spirit and purpose. 4. Unless exempted from the definition of meeting under RSA 91-A:2, I, or by another statute, public bodies shall deliberate on matters over which they have supervision, control, jurisdiction, or advisory power only in meetings held pursuant to and in compliance with, the provisions of RSA 91-A:2-a, I. See e.g., RSA 363:17-c (making Public Utility Commission deliberations exempt from the Right-to-Know law). B. Not a Meeting 1. Chance or social meetings, neither planned nor intended for the purpose of discussing matters relating to official business, and at which no deliberations are conducted and no decisions are made, are specifically exempt from the open meeting requirement. The Right-to-Know law does not apply to isolated conversations among less than a quorum of individual members outside of public meetings, unless the conversations were planned or intended for the purpose of discussing matters relating to official business and the public entity made decisions during the isolated conversation. Webster v. Town of Candia, 146 N.H. 430 (2001). Such meetings may not be used to circumvent the spirit of the Rightto-Know law. Therefore, if official deliberations occur or if decisions are made at such gatherings or if the gatherings occur on a regular basis, a court may determine that they constitute improper meetings under the Right-to-Know law. RSA 91-A:2, I(a). 2. Strategy or negotiations with respect to collective bargaining, a caucus of officeholders elected on a partisan basis at a state or municipal general election, and consultation with legal counsel are not meetings. RSA 91-A:2, I(b-d). These statutory exclusions are reinforced by the holdings of Appeal of Town of Exeter, 8
15 126 N.H. 685 (1985) (collective bargaining), Society for Protection of New Hampshire Forests v. WSPCC, 115 N.H. 192 (1975) (consultation with legal counsel) and Talbot v. Concord Union School Dist., 114 N.H. 532, (1974) (negotiations between school board and union committee not subject to public Right-to-Know statute although approved agreements are subject to the statute). 3. Consultation with legal counsel is neither a meeting under RSA chapter 91-A, nor does it fall within the non-public meeting provisions. 6 If a public body is meeting in public session and wants to consult with legal counsel, it should vote on the record to adjourn the meeting. See Appendix B for a model motion to adjourn for the purpose of consulting with legal counsel. Please note, however, if members of the public are not present during an open, public meeting, the public body does not need to move into non-meeting with counsel to preserve the privilege. See Prof. Fire Fighters of N.H. v. N.H. Local Gov t Ctr., 163 N.H. 613, 615 (2012) (holding meeting minutes containing attorney-client privileged communication may be redacted as [t]he fact that the meeting occurs in a public place does not destroy the privilege, if no one hears the conversation. ). If the public body intends to reconvene the public meeting, it should vote to temporarily adjourn the meeting for the purpose of consulting with legal counsel, giving notice to those present that the meeting will be reconvening. Everyone except the members of the public body should be excluded from the room when any consultation with legal counsel occurs. Minutes are not required or appropriate for consultation with legal counsel. Consultation with legal counsel should be limited to discussion of legal issues. Deliberation about the matter on which advice is sought may not occur during consultation with legal counsel. The public body must reconvene and, unless a statutory exemption allowing deliberation in non-public session exists, conduct deliberation in public session. To constitute consultation with counsel, there must be a contemporaneous exchange of words and ideas between the public body and its attorney (e.g., physically present, telephonically, video-conference, etc.). A public body may not (a) move into non-meeting merely to discuss the contents of legal documents or advice previously provided by counsel or (b) close a meeting whenever its discussion turns to advice received from its attorney. Ettinger v. Town of Madison Planning Bd., 162 N.H. 785, (2011). However, discussion of legal advice in public session may constitute an inadvertent waiver of the attorney-client privilege if members of the public are present during the discussion. Public bodies are encouraged to consult with legal counsel prior to making a decision regarding waiver of the privilege. 6 Note however that RSA 91-A:3,II(e) allows consideration or negotiation of pending claims or litigation in certain circumstances. 9
16 C. Notice RSA 91-A:2 7 When a public body intends to convene a meeting, notice must be given as follows: 1. Regular Notice a. Either of the two following forms of notice is proper under the Right-to- Know law: (1) Notice of the time and place of any meeting (including non-public sessions) shall be posted in two appropriate places 24 hours prior to the meeting, excluding Sundays and legal holidays. RSA 91-A:2, Notices should be posted where people are likely to see them, such as on the public body s website 8, the location where the checklist or town warrant is posted, the agency s office lobby or front door, and the State House or Town Hall bulletin board; or (2) Notice of the time and place of the meeting shall be printed in a newspaper of general circulation in the city or town at least 24 hours prior to the meeting, excluding Sundays and legal holidays. b. If the body decides to go into non-public session during an open meeting, the notice for the open meeting will suffice. If both public and non-public sessions are planned in advance, the notice should so state. c. The Right-to-Know law explicitly requires that a notice of the meeting of a public body include the time and place of the meeting. While not required under the Right-to-Know law, it is generally appropriate that the notice include or be accompanied with a brief list of the planned agenda items and a general notice that other matters within the public body s jurisdiction may be considered. Other law may impose requirements that notices of certain hearings and meetings where particular actions may be taken include specific additional information. Members of a public body should maintain familiarity with these additional notice requirements and consult with legal counsel as to the proper form of a meeting notice when uncertainty exists. d. Individual notice may not be necessary where particular individuals are affected so long as notice is proper as described above. See Brown v. Bedford School Bd., 122 N.H. 627, 631 (1982) (under the Right-to-Know law probationary teachers not entitled to individual notice of public meeting at which teachers terminations were on the agenda where public notice was otherwise proper). 7 Effective December 1, 2012, the General Court repealed RSA 91-A:2-b Meetings of the Economic Strategic Commission to Study the Relationship Between New Hampshire Businesses and State Government by Open Blogging Permit. 8 Note that only one of the two required postings can be on the internet. 10
17 e. Additional notice may not be necessary for continuation of public meetings. See Town of Nottingham v. Harvey, 120 N.H. 889, (1980) (recess of a public zoning meeting until a later date without notice of the second date did not violate Right-to-Know law). When practical, posting notice of meetings that are to be reconvened supports the spirit and objectives of the Right-to- Know law. 2. Emergency Meeting Notice Procedure a. This method of notice may be utilized if the chairperson or presiding officer of the public body decides that an emergency exists and that immediate action is imperative. RSA 91-A:2, II. See Section D, 3 below. b. Notice shall be made by whatever means are available to inform the public about the meeting. RSA 91-A:2, II. For example, notice may be given over the radio, the body may post notice, and/or may notify by telephone people known to be interested in the subject matter of the meeting. The nature of the emergency will dictate the type of notice which can be given. In any event, a diligent effort must be made to provide some sort of notice and those efforts should be documented. c. In the event an emergency meeting is required in an adjudicative proceeding (see RSA 541-A:I, I), notice must be provided to all parties unless the body possesses authority to issue an ex parte 9 order in the case at hand. d. The minutes of the meeting must clearly spell out the need for the emergency meeting. RSA 91-A:2, II. 3. Notice of Legislative Meetings Notice of legislative committee meetings shall be made in accordance with the Rules of the House of Representatives and the Rules of the Senate, as appropriate. See Hughes v. Speaker of the N.H. House of Representatives, 152 N.H. 276, 278 (2005) (issue of whether Speaker of the House violated Right-to- Know law by excluding a Representative from meetings of conferees was a nonjusticiable (not appropriate or proper for judicial consideration or resolution) political question); see also Baines v. NH Senate President, 152 N.H. 124, 130 (2005) (authority to adopt procedural rules for passing legislation is demonstrably committed to the legislative branch by Part II, articles 22 and 37 of the New Hampshire Constitution). 4. Broader Access 9 An order issued on behalf of one party without hearing from other parties. 11
18 A municipal charter, ordinance, or rule or guideline adopted by a public body may require broader public access to meetings than what the Right-to-Know law requires. If such charter provisions, guidelines, or rules of order have been adopted and they are more broad (strict), their provisions shall take precedence over the provisions of the Right-to-Know law. RSA 91-A:2. The Right-to-Know law establishes minimum requirements; public bodies must comply with more stringent requirements established by other law. 5. Effect of Failure to Observe Notice Requirements Failure to give proper public notice subjects the public body to possible judicial sanctions, including an order declaring the meeting invalid, an order enjoining the public body s actions or practices, and/or an order assessing legal costs and fees. RSA 91-A:7 and 8; see also Section V (Remedies) of this Memorandum. D. Meeting Procedures Meetings of public bodies subject to the Right-to-Know law are open to the public unless the body is authorized to hold a non-public session. RSA 91-A:2. Any person may attend an open meeting. The public s right to attend a meeting established by the Right-to-Know law does not convey a right to speak or participate. Other laws may require that the public be afforded some opportunity to speak at public hearings or certain other meetings of public bodies. Many public bodies voluntarily establish appropriate regulated public comment periods at some meetings; however, this is not required by the Right-to-Know law. 1. Member Participation and Attendance at Meetings a. Except in an emergency, a quorum of the public body shall be physically present at the location specified in the meeting notice. RSA 91-A:2, III(b). b. A member of the public body may participate in a meeting other than by attending in person at the location of the meeting only when attending in person is not reasonably practical. RSA 91-A:3(a). The reason for participation from some place other than the location of the meeting shall be stated in the minutes of the meeting. RSA 91-A:2, III(a). c. Each member participating remotely, whether by phone, electronically, or otherwise, must be able to simultaneously hear each other member and speak to each other member during the meeting. The member participating remotely must also be audible or otherwise discernible to the public in attendance at the meeting s location. RSA 91-A:2, III(c). One practical solution is participating by telephone, provided there is a speaker phone used in the meeting room that can be heard by the public. 12
19 d. Any member participating remotely must identify all other persons present at the place from which the member is participating. RSA 91-A:2, III(c). e. A member participating in a meeting remotely is deemed to be present at the meeting for purposes of voting. f. All votes taken during a meeting in which any member participates remotely shall be by roll call vote. RSA 91-A:2, III(e). The Right-to-Know law does not explicitly require that every roll call vote be recorded member by member in the minutes. However, compliance with the roll call requirement should be documented. 2. Basic Meeting Requirements a. No meeting shall be conducted by electronic mail or any other form of communication that does not permit the public to hear, read, or otherwise discern the meeting discussion contemporaneously at the meeting location specified in the meeting notice. RSA 91-A:2, III(c). b. RSA 91-A:2, III(c) explicitly requires that when a member is participating remotely each part of a meeting required to be open to the public shall be as audible or otherwise discernible to the public as it would be if all members were participating in person. Generally, a public body should plan to hold meetings in a space that is accessible to persons with disabilities and that will accommodate any reasonably anticipated public attendance. If necessary, the body should make provisions for amplifying the discussions between members and parties presenting to the public body. While outside the scope of this Memorandum, public bodies should consult with legal counsel to ensure the body is prepared to meet the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act should any person require accommodation. If extraordinary unanticipated public attendance results in some members of the public being effectively denied the opportunity to attend the public meeting, it may be necessary to reconvene the meeting in a more suitable space. For example, if a crowd in excess of the fire code limit for the meeting room shows up and others wishing to attend are limited to hallways or other rooms where they can neither hear nor see, the right of public access is put in question. If practical, move the meeting to a sufficiently large nearby space. Ensure those arriving at the location shown on the meeting notice are informed of the new meeting location. If moving is impractical, consult with legal counsel before proceeding with a meeting where members of the public are present who are being denied the opportunity to attend due to space limitations. 13
20 c. Any person shall be permitted to use recording devices including, but not limited to, tape recorders, cameras, and videotape equipment at public meetings. RSA 91-A:2, II; see WMUR v. N.H. Dept. of Fish and Game, 154 N.H. 46 (2006) (prohibiting television cameras at a hearing on issuance of a hunting and fishing license because the presence of cameras would impair the applicant s ability to present his case violated the Right-to-Know law where the applicant had not established that he had a due process right to a hearing without cameras present). 10 It is recommended that public bodies whose public meetings are regularly recorded by members of the public establish uniform procedures that allow for a reasonable opportunity to record while not interfering with or disrupting the conduct of the meeting. d. No vote in a public meeting may be taken by secret ballot except for: (1) Town meetings and elections; (2) School district meetings and school district elections; or (3) Village district meetings and elections. e. Meeting minutes must be kept and must include: (1) The names of the members present; (2) The names of persons appearing before the body; (3) A brief description of each subject discussed; and (4) A description of all final decisions made, including all decisions to meet in non-public session. Final decisions include actions on all motions made, even if the motion fails. A clear description of the motion, the person making the motion, and the person seconding the motion should also be included. f. Minutes are not required to include stenographic or verbatim transcripts. DiPietro v. City of Nashua, 109 N.H. 174 (1968). However, there may be other statutes which require a verbatim record for certain types of public proceedings. E.g., adjudicative hearings conducted under RSA 541-A:31, VII. g. Minutes are a permanent part of the body s records and must be written and open to public inspection not more than five business days after the meeting. 11 RSA 91-A:2, II. There are no exceptions to this requirement for 10 The Court did not reach the question of whether the right to due process, if it had been established by the person seeking a license, would outweigh the right to use television cameras at a public hearing. Television cameras should generally be allowed at public meetings and hearings. 11 RSA 641:7 reflects the importance of keeping minutes which accurately record the proceedings before the public body. This statute imposes a misdemeanor penalty upon persons who tamper with public records or information. A person is guilty of this crime if he or she: 14
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Easy Last Minute Spring Body Exercises
Where did the time go? That spring break trip is just around the corner and our winter bodies aren't exactly ready! However, it's not time to cancel our trip, cover up, or join some fancy new gym. Instead, we can whip our bodies into spring shape with low maintenance, cost effective, gym-free activities.
Last Minute Spring Body Guide
It's easy to integrate a little working out into your life to burn fat and tone up. All you have to do to get started is get moving. Just start walking anytime you can. Walk to tell your coworker something instead of emailing them, walk around a little at lunch, take the stairs, or take a walk around the block when you get home.
Walking is a great low-impact activity for those with tender knees. It burns fat and is actually recommended over running for its qualities to relieve stress and reduce the risk of diabetes. Plus, being out in the open air with the trees and the sunshine will boost your mood. 30 minutes of walking a day could burn the calories that need to go for your spring body.
When you get good at walking and have built up your stamina and endurance you should go take a hike! Literally. Hiking involves all the regular motions of walking but has hilly terrains to walk up and down.
The hills that will have you walking up inclines will burn more calories than flat neighborhood terrain. To kick things up another notch add a backpack. Hiking while carrying a little extra weight will increase the amount of calories you burn even more.
Instead of getting on ellipticals and treadmills to cardio in place mix it up with a fun class like Zumba. Zumba is an easy-to-do full body workout that involves moving to fast beats. While you're shaking it you'll be shedding pounds.
Yoga is a class that not only burns calories but also boosts your mood and reduces stress. By using your body to hold yourself up and stay balanced in different poses you'll improve your posture and build lean muscles. Yoga is the perfect alternative for those who want to slim down without bulking up.
Spring is a great time to join a team. Many club sports like kickball and softball are played in the spring while the weather is cooler. These sports will get you moving but generally, provide enough breaks for you to rest. Plus, by being a part of the team you'll get to be social and feel obligated to come back instead of quitting.
You know how it's super comfortable to just sit and watch tv? Well, snap out of it for your spring body! During the commercials get moving! There are simple activities like planks and pushups to work your arms, chest, stomach, and thighs that you can do during each break. Plus you can look at leg lifts and other toning exercises to work your glutes. There are a lot of leg activities that are low impact compared to squats.
Take to the internet during this digital age. You can easily get a free workout app that gives you a routine to follow and you can use YouTube to stream workout videos to your smart tv or phone. Then you can listen to a knowledgeable workout instructor to whip your booty in shape from the comfort of your own home.
It's time to add a little adventure to your life by saying yes. Help your friends move, volunteer to paint a house for habitat for humanity, go with your mom to pick out a tie for her housecat. No matter what the activity is, by getting ready for it and going to do it you'll burn way more calories than you would have by simply staying home. Don't worry Netflix will be there for you when you get back.
No matter what you do, we're going to have to mention a scary word…'diet'. If you really want to get your body into spring shape then watch what you eat a little. Trade out fried chicken and fries for grilled chicken and broccoli. Try drinking coffee black, put down the dessert for a banana. We know the idea of dieting doesn't sound fun, but it's actually really easy to switch to a lower carb diet that cuts out sugar than you think. Then soon after your body will crave your healthy options like fruit and vegetables instead of sugar.
It's Not Too Late For Your Spring Body
We aren't sure about your individual workout goals, but there is still time to make a difference with your body before that spring vacation. Even if you don't want to be stuck in the gym and prefer moderate, low-impact exercises simply moving a little and eating right will provide results.
For more health tips visit HealingRadiusPro.com and please share your last minute spring exercise tips in the comment section below.

subset: commoncrawl


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Katie Niewodowski was raised on the Gulf coast of Florida where she pursued an education in Fine Art at Ringling School of Art and Design. In 2003 she moved to NJ to earn a Master's degree in Fine Art from Montclair State University. While living in Montclair, she was introduced to the world of Holistic healing which helped her get off the many medications that had been prescribed to her for chronic migraine headaches. Yoga became a part of this process and by 2007 she was chemical-free and practicing yoga almost every day. She discovered that physical healing was only one of many benefits that this practice had to offer. She started to look and feel healthier than she ever had, and enjoyed the energy to manage and live her life more vibrantly each day. Through the process of healing she became aware of the natural wisdom of the human body and the direct connection between body, mind and spirit, an understanding that she attempts to investigate in her art.
In the fall of 2008 Katie completed the Bikram Yoga Teacher Training so that she could teach and share the blessings that she has received. After enjoying the rewards of teaching, in 2010 she continued her yoga education at Baron Baptiste's Teacher Training.
Seeing her students transform and evolve has been very fulfilling and motivating. Opening a studio and bringing this yoga to her community in Jersey City has been a dream that is now manifesting at SunMoon. She aims to provide an environment of Love, Service, and Light.
SunMoon Yoga
413 monmouth street | jersey city, nj | 07302 |


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The following are projects currently under development by CRIDL. If you would like more information or are interested in participating, please visit the section "Get involved!".
ALERT is a seismic risk mitigation project in Bucharest, which builds on our interest to develop and test tech solutions to address community needs. Therefore ALERT is designed as a data crowd-sourcing platform to aggregate and present awareness-building information on seismic risk in Bucharest, particuarly regarding the tenancy profile and needs of those whose homes are affected. Read more..
Nepal EduCaB (Educational Capacity Building in Rural Nepal) is a pilot concept designed and developed by CRIDL organizational and community development experts in partnership with Cold Feet Foundation din Kathmandu, aiming to enhance the educational capacity of rural schools in Nepal to respond to community needs, by establishing and activating library functions. The pilot center was successfully launched & activated in Dandagaon village / Dhading district, 64 km. West of Kathmandu.
Romanian Innovation Commercialization Assistance Program (RICAP) is a program that aims to enable Romanian technology start-ups and innovators to further develop their businesses. Working with a team of accomplished US-based commercialization experts and Romania-based local mentors, participants in the program will use world-class knowledge and tools to connect to a global network of potential partners and investors.
The Heritage 2.0 project is focused on the development of effective solutions based on new information technologies for the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage in Romania. Our goal is to develop a virtual knowledge platform (web and mobile-based) on cultural heritage that can store a larger volume of integrated information, disseminate to a wider public, and engage a greater diversity of stakeholders than conventional documentation methods could allow. More details..
The TrimiteSOS project was conceived in February 2012, when hundreds of communities in Romania were isolated due to heavy snow falls. The difficulty of territorial monitoring of the communities affected led us to adopt and customize an open-source application for Romania which can support the territorial monitoring of different emergency situations based on reports sent by end-users ('crowdsourcing'). More details…


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- x264/720p
- 2018-11-09
- http://imdb.com/title/tt2187322/
- Category: Movies/x264/720
- Size: 1.51 GB
- Files: 2 files
- Added: 2018-11-09 00:51:56
- Title: The Most Fun I/'ve Ever Had with My Pants On (2012)
- IMDB Rating: 6.5/10 from 83 users Updated : 2018-11-09
- Genres: Drama
- Actors: Drew Denny , Sarah Hagan
- Director: Drew Denny
- Year: 2012
- Runtime: 95
- Plot: The Most Fun I/'ve Ever Had With My Pants On follows two childhood girlfriends Andy and Liv who reunite to scatter Andy/'s dad/'s ashes from LA to Austin where Liv willaudition for the role of a vixen spy in a noir film. Between performing mini-funerals in surreal southwestern landscapes| the girls practice being bad. Hilariousdialog| military cross-dressing| an incredible underground soundtrack| and performances by Sarah Hagan (Freaks and Geeks| Buffy the Vampire Slayer) andwriter/director Drew Denny in this mixed media dark comedy that interweaves autobiography| documentary| fiction and camp.


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Dr. Soehartanto takes the opportunity of the 2-day "Joint Workshop on Behaviour Modelling" at the KIT Institute for Information Management in Engineering (IMI) to explore new prospects for collaborative research between the Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS, Indonesia) and KIT in the area of energy efficiency and renewable energies.
The first Memorandum of Understanding between ITS and the Geophysical Institute of the University of Karlsruhe, endorsed in 1997, focused mainly on the exchange of students and staff as well as on joint research activities and advanced seminars in the field of geophysics. Dr. Soehartanto was welcomed by the Head of KIT International Affairs.


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Final resting places
At least nine major league baseball players (including Win Mercer) have their final resting places in Columbiana County according to baseball-reference.com.
Curt Welch (1862-1896) — The East Liverpool native was said to be the finest centerfielder of the 19th century. His career spanned 10 seasons and 1,107 games for clubs such as the St. Louis Browns, Toledo Blue Stockings, Philadelphia Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, Cincinnati Reds and Louisville Colonels. He scored the 1886 World Series winning run for the American Association St. Louis Browns in what was dubbed the "$15,000 slide" at the time. Welch's life was cut short by drinking. He is buried in the St. Aloysius Catholic Church Cemetery in East Liverpool.
Bill Powell (1885-1967) — Powell pitched in 17 games over four seasons with the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs and Cincinnati Reds. His resting place is in Columbiana County Memorial Park in East Liverpool.
Scotty Alcock (1885-1973) — Alcock, a Wooster, Ohio native, plaed 54 games for the Chicago White Sox in 1914. He is buried in Riverview Cemetery in East Liverpool.
Bill Mundy (1889-1958) — The Salineville native played 16 games for the Boston Red Sox in 1913. He is buried in the Spring Hill Cemetery in Wellsville.
Scoops Carey (1870-1916) — The Pittsburgh native played with the Baltimore Orioles, Louisville Colonels and Washington Senators over a career that spanned 299 games. He led National League first basemen in fielding percentage in 1895 and replicated that feat in the American League in 1902. Later in life he was a convert of evangelist Billy Sunday and worked as a painter in East Liverpool. He is buried in Spring Grove Cemetery in East Liverpool.
Hy Meyers (1889-1965) — The East Liverpool native played for the Brooklyn Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals and Cincinnati Reds over a career spanning 14 seasons. He led the National League in RBIs (73), triples (13), slugging percentage (.436) and total bases (223) in 1919. In 1920 he faced off against the Cleveland Indians in the World Series. He is buried in Grove Hill Cemetery in Hanoverton.
Ed McNichol (1879-1952) — The Martins Ferry native pitched in 17 games for the Boston Beaneaters (Braves) in 1904. He final resting place is in Woodland Cemetery in Salineville.
John Godwin (1877-1956) — The East Liverpool born Godwin played in 81 games over the 1905 and 1906 seasons with the Boston Americans (Red Sox). He is buried in Spring Hill Cemetery in Wellsville.


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Sally M. MacAuslan, 89
CAPE ELIZABETH — Sally Mirick MacAuslan died peacefully on Sunday, July 13, 2014. She was 89 years old and had lived life joyfully, and with tremendous grace and dignity.
Sally was a lifelong learner who inspired others to learn and to find joy in their world. Her passion for knowledge and the arts, and her curiosity for the adventures of family and friends, never ebbed.
Born on September 23, 1924, in Worcester, Mass., Sally was the daughter of George H. and Ruth (Goodnow) Mirick. The family spent summers on their farm in Princeton, where Sally developed a love and curiosity for nature and the world around her. This led her to study Geology and Geography at Mount Holyoke College, where she finished her Bachelor's degree in three years. After college, Sally performed geological fieldwork in the Rocky Mountains and was employed by Harvard University for the American Geological Society.
Sally also passionately pursued her interest in music. At 15, she was encouraged by her aunt to take singing lessons, and she went on to study piano and voice privately, and then more formally at Mount Holyoke and the New England Conservatory of Music. She studied under some of the most renowned musicians of the day. She had a glorious voice and was a frequent soloist. However, Sally was by nature a modest and gracious person. She was much more interested in hearing about others' adventures than on dwelling on her own good fortune or considerable talents.
Sally met her husband, Dr. Robert C. MacAuslan in 1947. Together they had five children whom they raised in Raymond and then Naples. Sally's family was the primary source of joy in her life and they, in turn, were devoted to her. She quietly supported each of them, and many others; her tolerance and willingness to listen and to understand were legendary. She was admired by so many, frequently welcoming the extended families of her children into her home and her life. She did so with great generosity and an unconditional and giving spirit.
Sally was the Director of the Public Library in Bridgton for many years. She dedicated herself to her work there and showed keen and insightful leadership in improving the building and its services. At the time, the revitalized building was described by a board member as "a monument to Sally MacAuslan, whose spirit, dedication and leadership made it a reality." Sally also worked at Northern Cumberland Memorial (now Bridgton) Hospital as Medical Librarian. In both of these positions she displayed keen skill, modesty, and a generosity of spirit. She had enormous energy and continued to work part-time at the hospital until the age of 80, when the onset of Parkinson's disease finally slowed her down.
Sally lived a rich life, full of music, education, and interesting people. She was a tireless leader who served her family and the community through civic and volunteer work. When her children were young, she was Coordinator of the Kennebec Girl Scout Council, and volunteered at the Naples Public Library and with American Field Service (the International Student Exchange Program). She was later a founding member and ongoing board member of the Deertrees (Theatre) Foundation, which restored the theater and allowed the building to return as a regional focal point for the performing arts. Sally performed in opera at Deertrees and then enjoyed an array of performing arts in the restored building, later in life. She was also a core member of the group that protected and preserved the McLaughlin Garden in South Paris. A one-time president of the Lakes Region Chamber Music Association, Sally also performed with the Maine Opera Guild and with the Maine Choral Arts Society. She loved the years she spent as a member of the Raymond Village Church and Bridgton Congregational Church Choirs.
Beyond her leadership, volunteerism and support of the arts, it was her determination and independence, along with an iron will to carry on in the face of adversity, that made her remarkable. In her final years, she rose every day with grace and dignity, going about a set of daily chores that might include gardening, knitting a scarf for someone in need, or doing countless strength and balance exercises to keep the worst of her disease at bay. She worked hard, with a sense of joy and without complaint. "Life is too short," she said, "you have to live it to the fullest, make every day count." In 2013, as a resident of Village Crossing Assisted Living in Cape Elizabeth, she was presented with the "Remember ME" Lifetime Achievement Award by the Maine Healthcare Association, in recognition of her civic leadership.
Sally leaves her son, Joel Mirick MacAuslan and daughter-in-law Rita of Nashua, N.H.; daughter Persis Strong and son-in-law William Turner of Naples, Fla.; daughter Margaret (Meg) MacAuslan and son-in-law Richard Kujawa of South Burlington, Vt.; daughter Martha (Molly) MacAuslan and son-in-law Varney Hintlian of Cape Elizabeth, and son Ian James MacAuslan, of Irvine, Calif. She also leaves a grandson, and seven granddaughters. Sally is also survived by her sister Susannah Mirick Swihart of Casco, and was predeceased by her husband Dr. Robert C. MacAuslan, and her brothers Richard W. Mirick and Albert H. Mirick.
The family would especially like to acknowledge the kindness and compassion of Sally's caregivers who were so helpful over the last several months.
A celebration of Sally's life is scheduled for Aug. 16, 2014, at 2 p.m., at the Spurwink Church in Cape Elizabeth. In lieu of flowers, please consider donations to the Maine Parkinson's Society or to the Deertrees Foundation in Harrison.
Please visit www.advantageportland.com to sign Sally's guestbook and to leave condolences for the family.


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Why Is Feedback Important for Your Business?
Good Feedback Is the Key to Improvement
If you run a business, then you understand how a customer's opinion can be a vital piece of information for professional growth and improvement. Authentic feedback from customers has been shown to help guide decision-making processes and reveal tweaks that can improve products or services. Ultimately, you should strive to turn any customer into a satisfied customer, as they are the glue that holds your business together for the journey ahead.
So, what should you do if you're not hearing from unhappy customers or just customers, in general? It's time to implement a system where you can collect and respond to a lot of valuable information in one easy step. According to a recent study by a U.K.-based company, 43 percent of participants said they don't complain or leave feedback because they don't believe the business cares. In addition, 81 percent said they would be willing to leave feedback if they knew they'd get a fast response.
What Are Some Ways You Can Receive Authentic Feedback?
Surveys are a great way to get fast and accurate feedback from your customers; plus, they're easy to create and easy to analyze. When you avoid loaded questions and only ask ones that fulfill your goals, you'll be able to measure satisfaction and dissatisfaction that will help your business grow as you build personal relationships with customers.
Email campaigns
Sending an email campaign is another great way to gather customer information and feedback. First, figure out what your main goal is before sending one. Do you want to raise awareness and ask questions about your products or services, or improve customer retention? When you know, create one or two relevant questions that ask which feature they like the most, what they struggle with, or why they signed up to your business. The simple addition to the end of your email could be, "Thank you, we'll get back to you ASAP!"
Feedback boxes
Another structured process for receiving feedback from your customers is the feedback box. At the bottom of your business's website, create a feedback box where customers can quickly write suggestions, ideas or concerns that will better help you. What is great about this feature is that it's available as soon as a customer needs it, and out of the way when they don't.
Direct outreach
Most times, the best way to get an authentic response from a customer is to ask for one. If you want to understand somebody and their concerns on a more personal level, you must talk to them directly, either in person, over the phone or during an event or tradeshow. It shows that you care enough to reach out and strike up a conversation, which is an act that is becoming increasingly rare.
How Can You Use Feedback to Make Changes That Will Benefit Your Business?
Once you've collected customer feedback, the next step is to address the specific issues using that information. While feedback tends to vary from technical problems to concerns about pricing packages, it can be game-changing suggestions for the long term. As a user, you can use HealingRadiusPro to solicit feedback after customers visit your wellness studio, fitness center and so forth, as well as suggesting to leave reviews on your HRPRO page.
After you define and implement plans for customer-driven change, make sure to thank them for their feedback by sending detailed follow-ups. As I mentioned earlier, customers would give input if they know businesses care, if they know they may be driving change and if they'd get a fast response. The more you can get customers to participate, the more your business will grow.


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